The Sun.
London, England, 1868-05-29 00:00:00

liINAHAN'S LL. WFi
EXHIBITION, I
This celebrated OLD IRISH Will
Prize Medal.
It is Pure, Mild, Mellow, Dalicious,
Sold in Bottles, 3s. SI, at the Reta,
the Agents !n the principal ...owns 'in En
8, GREAT WINDMILL-STREI
Observe 'he Red Seal. Pink Label a
han's LL Whisky."

MUTUAL LOAN FUND ASSOCIATION
(Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 1859),
It, RUSSELL-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN, LONDON,
ADVANCES MONEY upot 7ersonal security, Bills of Sale, Free
old. or Leasehold Property. for one, two, or three years, repay-
able weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Bills promptly discounted.
Forms free on receipt of stamped envelope.
EDWARD HARPER, Secretary

PRICE.... 4d.
STAMPED sd.

tad of Queen Ebba, Sultana, and Miss Skerratt,
acting as whipper-in to the loop out of the new
course, when Queen of the Forest dropped away into the.
rear, and no change occurred until reaching the furzes
when Gomera took second plat.; and, Pakrita, being-
ba-iten on descending:the hill towards Tattenham Corner,,
tlt. Duke of Newcastle's mare took the lead, and appeared.
to be winning at the commencement of the Stand enclosure.
Mit n Ilippia, on the inside, challenged, and gating
fron t at the half distrnce won in a canter by three lengths;;
had third ; Queen Ebba was fourth, Miss Skerratt fifth.,
ad Queen of the Forest walked in w:th the crowd.

JAPANESE IMPERIAL TROUPE.

The Epsom Pour Year Ohl Sca`c•+s of 51 s e.telt, If ft
colts Bit 111 b, fillies Bst 61b. New Derby Course..
4 subs.

31. de Mon4romory's Fervacques, by Unl,.rhand—Slap-
dash, Sst 11:b.....

i- ENTI L; ! 7'l ON.

(From the Anylo-An::rican Times)

Those only who have tried know the difficully of
arousing people to the necessity of ventilating, -their
buildings and adopting every available moans in
their power of purifying the atmospheres they
breathe. The eager answer of a child to th.e ques-
tion of a schoolmaster is that almost uniformly
ginv ain countries well north or south of the. tropics
What would be the effect if I open this win.
i'
dory' ?" " Why, you would let in the co'.d." To
keep out the cold has exercised the ingenuity of all
classes, but to let in fresh air is an idea which had
suggested itself to but few, though it is difficult to
exaggerate its importance. Tee reason is clear
enough—cold is at once felt disagreeably, while the
pernicious influences of a bad atmosphere are in-
visible in their immediate results, and when the
effect is produced the cause is unseen. Headaches.
general debility, sluggishness of mind, torpor, are
quickly realised, but few attempt to trace the cause
unless that cause be carried to an extreme, such as
in the Black Hole in Calcutta, the horrors of the
Middle Passage in running a cargo of negroes, or
when suffocation follows the battened down hatches
of a vessel in a storm. The New York Nation,
in an article entitled " Invisible Poison," discusses
a series of lectures on ventilation, delivered in the
Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, by Lewis W.
Leeds. After showing how erroneous is the general
belief that carbonic acid is the chief impurity in
vitiated air, a gas which can be drank not only with
impunity in many mineral waters, but with benefit,
and which, therefore, people argue, cannot produce
lasting injury, even when taken into the lungs, the
reviewer says :—" If carbonic acid is not then the
only or chief cause of the impurity of confined air
—air breathed over and over again in crowded
rooms—what other source of poison have we? In
the ' Archives Ganerales de Medecine,' for Novem-
ber 1867, there is an article by M. Lemaire on
' Miasmata of the Healthy Human Body.' In the
atmosphere of soldiers' barracks he found a host of
living animalcules, such as bacteria, vibrioues,
ovoid monades, diaphanous bodies, and various other
infusoria, which in the open air could hardly be de-
tected. Whence came this life, and by what was it
sustained? As minute particles of steel may be
found in the air where the knife-grinder is at
work, or as coal-dust mingles with the breath
of the miner, or the ocean spray is carried off
by the wind, and, even for miles inland, not
only the salts of the sea, but all the minute infusoria
and spores of plants found in sea-water occur, so
the loose or decomposing matter along the course of
the respiratory passage is breathed out and floated
off into the air. Not only the cells which line the
air-tubes are constantly being thrown off, like those
of the skin, together with the remains of food lodged
in the cavities of teeth in all stages of decomposi-
tion ; but wherever there is ulceration or serious
disease of the throat or lungs, pus cells, the debris
of morbid tissues, and even the elastic fibres of these
organs are breathed out. If we would know what
are the constituents, in a great measure, of the at-
mosphere of a crowded, badly-ventilated room, we
need only reflect that what each one does or might
expectorate differs in no respect whatever from that
which is actually with every breath forced out in 1
the form of vapour. Filter such an atmosphere, and
you make a pill which no one would willingly take.
It is in the midst of this floating organic matter
that the vibriones, bacteria, and S 3 on are developed
with astonishing rapidity, and all combined are taken
into the lungs and exert a poisonous influence, either
by coining merely in contact with the moist tissues of
these organs, or by passing directly through their
thin walls and working as ferment, or in various other
ways,on the blood. It is no;: only through the lungs that
this vitiated atmosphere acts, but through the skin,
and the plpular fear of contagion, where there is
disease of the external parts, as of the eyes, is with-
out doubt founded is truth. 13 :sides the two
classes of poisons to which we have specially al-
luded, as existing in most crowded rooms, there are
organic emanations given out in the sweat and from
various parts of the body, some of which are quite
characteristic, and a host of substances used as per-
fumes, hair dyes, and cosmetics. That some of the
latter are injurious to the health from their volatile
nature is proved by their effect on the poor girls
who are engaged in their manufacture. They lose
their own 4 bloom of youth' whilst preparing it for
others, and suffer with all the symptoms of lead
poisoning. We might add greatly to this list of
noxious elements which are poured out constantly
into the air of all crowded rooms to be breathed 1
over and over again, when there is not a proper
attention to ventilation ; but we certainly have said
enough to satisfy all that carbonic acid is not the
only impurity to be taken into consideration under
such circumstances. It is astonishing with what
pertinacity the pernicious emanations of healthy
or diseased human bodies cling to the furniture,
walls, or bedding of rooms ; and certain conta-
gions will sometimes linger about a place for
months. A ward in the New York City Hospital,
where there had been hospital gangrene, is a
striking instance. Though all the bedding and
furniture were removed, the disease attacked other
patients who were placed in it ; and as whitewash-
ing and thorough cleaning of the room were not
found to be effectual in destroying the seeds of the
- disease, nor even the scraping off of the plastering,
the entire walls were torn down and renewed before
the taint was got rid of. Dr. B. W. Richardson, in
his ' Clinical Essays,' gives an equally interesting
instance of the kind. In the thatched cottage of a
labourer in an English village one of the four
' children was struck down with scarlet fever. The
other children were immediately removed to
a neighbouring village, but after the lapse
of some weeks one of them was allowed to
return home. Within twenty-four hours it was
seized with the disorder and died. The cottage was
now cleaned throughout and lime-washed, and
every article of clothing washed or burned, and four
months elapsed before either of the remaining chil-
dren was brought home. Then one child was al-
lowed to return, but only to share in a few days
the fate of the others. The doctor believes that in
this instance the thatch was the lurking-place of the
poison." While acknowledging the difficulty of
securing a better atmosphere, Mr. Leeds thinks that
' most people might greatly improve the ventilation
of their houses. He shows that it is not such a
complicated scientific subject that only those who
have paid special attention to it can understand it.
The first lecture is devoted chiefly to considering
the evils of foul air ; and in the second and third the
effect of beat on the movements of the air, and the
various ways of constantly introducing it into our
houses are discussed. All is presented in a clear,
easy manner, and many of the points are illustrated
by striking but simple experiments. The book con-
tains several coloured diagrams, showing the move-
ment of the air in rooms heated and ventilated by
different methods. The Van Hecke system lately
introduced into Europe is working highly satis-
factory results in large and crowded buildings.
It has been approved by the English, French,
Belgian, and Dutch Governments, and is car-
ried into practice by a great number of pub-
lic institutions. There are no buildings which
more require an efficient plan of ventilation than
the club houses of London, which are generally sup-
posed to be models of luxury and comfort. Con-
sidering that for every day in the year, except dur-
ing the short period for cleaning or repairs, that
they are more or less fall from nine in the morn-
ing till long after midnight with crowds who eat,
drink, smoke, dress, read, write, and do everything
but sleep at least in bed there, it will readily be
believed that the best system "of ventilation alone
could give a chance of keeping the atmosphere pure.
Generally, however, the members are more indif-
ferent to the quality of the air they breathe than to
the quality of anything else. A tough
joint, an
ill-cooked entrée, cold potatoes, or bad attendance,
will call forth loud complaints, and a headache in
the morning after spending some hours in a vitiated
atmosphere will be attributed to the salmon, the
cigar, the wine, to anything but the real cause,t
It
which they may rely on was the impure air.
curious to see the dodges to which soldiers will re-
sort "to keep out the cold." The best system of
ventilation is often found to be purposely stopped
up, and a man will sometimes sacrifice his shirt to
achieve this desirable end.

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DuBLIN.—The address of Sir Arthur . met Inna
to the electors of the city of Dublin has been issued. He
says the political principles of his father, as well as the
fidelity with which he maintained them, are well known
to the electoral body. If elected he will "endeavour to
follow his steps to, the utmost of his power." The elec-
tion is appointed to come off on Monday.
LOUTH.—Mr. Mathew O'Reilly Dease has issued an
address to the electors of the county of Louth, stating that
in his opinion the county is entitled to at least one
Catholic representative, and he declares his intention of
seeking to become one of its representatives at the general
election. On the important subjects of tenant right, reli-
gious equality, and the education question, he avows his
opinions and sentiments fully and explicitly, and they are
Liberal.

NORIVICIL—A meeting of the advanced Liberals has
been held, nt which it, was resolved that the city should be
divided into 100 districts, each containing about two
3lectors, in order to elicit the expression of the Popular
desire for a free and open prelir.inary vote on the question
who are to be the Liberal candidatts at the next election.
It was also resolved to return the chosen candidate free of
expense.

DuNnEE. —Mr. INr. IT. Scott (Liberal) is a candidate for
the second scat to be given to this borough. He is orposed
to the ballot, and is in fave,ur of the " partial endowment "
of all religious bodies in Ireland.