The Sun.
London, England, 1850-08-14 00:00:00

DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Entertaining and instructive as is the present
month's number of this talented and admirably con-
ducted periodical, the most interesting contribution
with which its pages are enriched is decidedly, in our
opinion, a biographical sketch of the hero of the East,
the gallant Gough. The brilliant and successful ex-
ploits of that great and good general, whose valiant
achievements in the field have enrolled his name on
the scroll of British history next in martial renown
to those of Marlborough and Wellington, are vividly
recounted by a masterly hand, whose graphic
delineation of his renowned countryman must
win the sympathy and admiration of every
reader. We would earnestly recommend it
to the perusal of all to whom the name of the veteran
victor of the Sutlej is familiar ; and, having ever in-
dignantly reprobated the sneers and slanderous dispa-
ragements with which at one brief period the fame
of our great Indian commander was most unworthily
sought to be tarnished, but which were speedily and
triumphantly silenced, to the shame of the traducers,
by the annihilation of the stubborn enemy on the
glorious field of Goojerat, we cordially unite in the
noble and truthful aspiration with which this admi-
rable sketch is concluded :
" Go, then, grey-headed warrior to thy happy retire-
ment; not more full of years than of virtues; with all
" that should accompany old age,
Honour, love, obedience, troops of friends.'
May the evening of thy days be as peaceful as the morn-
ing was busy and honourable, and the noontide glorious!
May others catch, from thine example, how Christian
excellence is compatible with military renown ! how
the man who has learned to govern himself is ever the
best fitted for governing others! and how the Sovereign
is ever best served by him who is, in the truest sense of
the word, the servant of his God! Mayeat thou long be
spared to the family by whom thou art adored, to teach
thy children and thy children's children how to live and
how to die, as best becomes the British soldier!"
The portrait of Lord Gough, which illustrates the
memoir, conveys by far the most perfect impression
of his lineaments of any which we have seen. There
is a delightfully readable notice of De Vere's
" Greece," Tennyson's "In Memoriam," Taylor's
"Virgin Widow," and a few other recent produc-
tions in an article entitled "Latter-day Poets."
We would willingly, did space permit, extract an ad-
venture which befel De Vere at Constantinople, and
which, as the reviewer truly remarks, "is one of
the best told stories we have ever read." ;," The
Gifts of Science to Art" and "Maurice Tiernay,"
are continued, " The Mysterious Compact" con-
cluded, and the remaining pages filled with a very
just critique on Mr. Sirr's popular volumes " Ceylon
and the Cingalese ;" a thrilling tragedy, "Andrew
Carron's Money ;" a scholar .like and tasteful series
'of remarks on the age and writings of Eschylus, and
a few specimens of poetry of that standard merit
which distinguishes the bards of the Empress of Irish
Literature.

PRUSSIA AND DENMARK.
The following is a translation of the note addressed
by the Prussian Minister, Chevalier Bunsen, to Lord
Palmerston on the subject of the late conference on
the affairs of Schleswig• Holstein :

" London, Aug. 1.
" The undersigned Minister Plenipotentiary of his
Majesty the King of Prussia, &c., has had the honour of
receiving, the day before yesterday, the note dated the
29th of the preceding month, in which the Viscount Pal-
merston, &e., invites him to a conference, to be held at
the Foreign-office to morrow, Friday, with respect to the
draught of a protocol annexed to the note.
" The undersigned, e hile thanking M. le Vicomte for
this communication, feels it his duty to inform him that
he is not authorized to give his concurrence to any such
protocol.
" The reserve which he has deemed it his duty to
maintain in this respect on the occasion of the confer-
ence of the 4th of last month having met with the ap-
probation of his Government, and further instructions
not having been received, the undersigned can simply
refer to those observations which he had the honour or
submitting to Viscount Palmerston in his note of the 6th
of July, whether in respect to the preliminary questions
and formalities, or to the essential and special arguments
which, in the view of affairs taken by the Prussian Go-
vernment, militate against such an European protocol,
and especially
against its adoption by Prussia and Ger-
many, for the new protocol differs from the first, except
in certain verbal modifications introduced into articles 3
and 4 in consequence of the fact of the conclusion of a
peace, only by the clause added to article 1 in these
terms:—' without prejudice to the relations, &c.'
" Now, this clause is in itself very indefinite, but it is,
moreover, more than ncutraliz.d by an expression very
precise and significant in its effect which occurs in cot,-
text with it—a phrase which is new to the international
law of Eurcpe and inadmissible as regards Germany; it
is the expression, twice repeated in the draught, in the
original integrity of the Danish monarchy.' It is incon-
testable that this expression must be understood in the
sense that the duchy of Holstein forms, together with
Denmark and Schleswig, the Danish monarchy. Now,
the undersigned considers it unnecessary to repeat the
arguments and facts proving that this expression is
neither more exact in point of international law, nor less
politically threatening towards Germany, than would be
the expression the integrity of the Dutch monarchy' in
a sense implying that the duchy of Luxemburg was con-
sidered to form, in conjunction with Holland, the Dutch
monarchy. Such integral portions of Germany can
never be considered as integral portions of a foreign
state; for, if this were the case, they ought to share the
destiny of those states when those dynastic or constitu-
tional conditions shall have ceased under which alone
they can have one and the same monarch with a foreign
state. Holland might lose the dynasty by which it is at
present ruled, and the new Dutch Government might lay
claim to the duchy of Luxemburg, protesting, at the
same time, that it was done without prejudice to the re-
lations of this duchy with the. German Confederation; a
new dynasty in Denmark foreign to Germany, or a new
line having no right of succession therein, might say as
much with respect to Holstein.
" Moreover, the expression ' integrity of the Danish
monarchy' is not a neutral expression, but one which for
the last forty-four years has been expressive of party
opinion.
" The new draught of a protocol does not differ essen-
tially from the first, in so far as concerns Germany.
" But, the undersigned is bound to call the attention
of Viscount Palmerston to the important fact, that the
treaty of peace which has just been concluded, on the 2d
of July, at Berlin, between' Germany and Denmark, and
the protocol thereto annexed, have settled in a clear and
positive manner the mode of communication between
those two Powers relative to the questions treated of in
the protocol, and that this arrangement not only renders
superfluous the participation of Prussia in such a pro-
tocol, but actually precludes such a participation, at
least at the present moment.
" In the first place, the King of Denmark engages
himself by article 4 of the treaty to demand, before re-
sorting to arms, the intervention of the Confederation in
the duchy of Holstein, and to make manifest in such a
case his intentions towards the duchies. In the second
place, it is said in article 7 of the protocol that this mo-
narch should take the initiative as regards the measures
destined to regulate the order of succession, and that the
King of Prussia should participate. in the negotiations
to be set on foot for that purpose.
" It is these two points (and especially the first) which
form, the question of peace being decided, the object of
the solicitude of the three great non-Germanic Powers
which have agreed to this draught of a protocol.
"So extraordinary a degree of solicitude will ap-
pear the less called for by the circumstances of the
case at a time when the two belligerent parties
(Germany and Denmark) have just engaged to come
to a direct and friendly understanding on the points
in question, and when a bloody conflict has broken ,
out afresh between Denmark and the Duchies upon
purely constitutional questions ;—a conflict which it
cannot be expected will be brought to a satistactory and
durable termination by a dictatorial act on the part of
three foreign Powers, declaring that it is desirable the
King of Denmark should continue at all costs to be Duke
sotf Schleswig
a nces ta
would
ulndd
appearH o l Holstein i
an b t
r; a
uguet
wu
enrdee r any
Prussia, c-
after
such an arrangement between herself and Denmark, to
change the natural, regular, and legal order of pro-
ceeding prescribed by the treaty, in order to adopt
the new, unwonted, and dangerous course of an Euro-
pean protocol,
" It is to the King of Denmark that Prussia must
look for communications on this subject: it is, by those
communications that she wilt be placed in a position to
judge of the justice, and, consequently to pronounce as
to the wisdom of the measures proposed by the King of
Denmark, whether as regards the recognition and gua-
rantee of the right of the Duchy of Holstein and of the
Confederation, or touching the order of succession des,*
tined at a future period to maintain in union the several
states which acknowledge him as their sovereign.
" These communications Prussia has not yet received
from the King of Denmark.
" Until these communications shall have been made
Prussia is evidently bound, by every argument, to abstain
from participation in the protocol of a European confe-
deration which has taken the initiative in this affair with
regard to Prussia.
"And on this point the undersigned must draw the
attention of the Principal Secretary of State to the fact,
that though it is stated in the preamble of the proposed
protocol that the Powers supposed to concur in it have
united for the purpose of forming such a protocol at the
invitation of the King of Denmark, such certainly is not
the case as regards the King of Prussia, who is named in
this preamble. For, as far as the undersigned is in-
formed, such an invitation has not been addressed to his
Majesty up to the present time; it would not, therefore,
be conformable with the truth as regards Prussia, were
she to join in such a declaration.
"It consequently becomes necessary either to wait
until this phrase becomes true, or erase it from the pro-
tocol. One or the ether course presents no difficulty.
But it would not be so easy, especially if the signature
of a European protocol be urgently pressed at the pre.
sent moment, to efface from the public mind in Germany
aid from that of every German Government possessed
of any self-respect, the following facts :
" That the idea of the present protocol has been con-
ceived by the great non-Germanic Powers, not only upon
the invitation of the King of Denmark then at war with
Germany, but without the knowledge of Germany, she
up to the last day of the conferences and negotiations
which led to the first protocol being carefully ex-
cluded.

"That this project, having been drawn up on the sup-
position that peace was yet to be concluded, re-appears
with modifications inspiring but little confidence.
" That it re-appears not only after this peace has
been concluded, but after the mode of proceeding in the
direct communications between the two powers relative
to the order of succession and the federal bond have
been settled in a clear, positive, and provident manner.
"That Prussia is, after all this, invited to abandon
an impregnable position in law and polity before the
King of Denmark has made those communications in
which he promised to take the initiative with regard to
Germany, and before he has manifested his intentions
relative to the duchy of Holstein.
" The undersigned has no doubt that Viscount Palmer-
ston will take into serious consideration the arguments
which he has had the honour to submit to him, as ren-
dering it incumbent that he should abstain from com-
plying with his invitation to the conference to-morrow,
and takes this occasion, &c.,

" Burnam
" P.S.—August 2, ten o'clock, A.M.—The tmdersigned
has kept back this note until the arrihvealhoafstiou-scitarye'esepivoest.d
positiveHenw instructionshas tlae honour
fro
from
o hisad Government dth at
not to take
part in the conference, and to set forth the motives for
so doing to Viscount Palmerston, in accordance with the
considerations which he has had the honour to submit
to him in the present note."

SUDDEN DEATH. -- FERRITE!, SUNDAY. This
morning a person of gentlemanly appearance, and seemingly
about 55 years of age, wbo arrived at Penrith on the preced-
ing evening by the snail train from the south, and who stayed
the night at the White Hart Inn, obtained a ticket at this
station for Carlisle by the mail train. He walked out of the
station-house across the line to the western side, where the
passengers get into the down trains, and sat down on a seat.
awaiting the arrival of the train, and presently a young lady
observed that his face turned red, when he leant his head on
hit walking stick and died instantly. Dr. Greves was sent
for, and his opinion was, that as the deceased gentleman had
walked or run hurriedly from the town up the steep hill to
the station, he had died.from palpitation of the heart. The
body was removed to the Fish Inn, Great Dockray, where it
now lies. On his person being searched a bill was found,
stating that W. Chambers had purchased some white
neckcloths, &c., also a printed hymn, bearing the name
of " Chambers, printers, Eccles, near Halifax," four clean
shirts marked with the initials, " W. C. ;" 31, odd in money'
were also found in his pockets. He was dressed in black.
THE EMIGRATION TO CALIFORNIA.—According
to present appearance there will be a tremendous emigration
from the Atlantic States to California during the present
year. Up to the 17th of June last, we are authentically informde
that some thirty thousand adventurers passed Fort Lara-
mie, on the overland route to the modern El Dorado ;ant'
the rush by the way of Chagres and Panama is still ver
great. The probability is, that the new state on the Pacific
will receive an accession to her population of between sixty
or seventy thousand within the present year. The accounts
recently received from the gold region warrant the belief
that the proceeds of gold digging this season will be im-
mense. That state, with such wonderful resources, need care
very little whether she is admitted into the Union or not.
Indeed, we would not be surprised if she got disgusted with
the manner in which she has been treated, and withdrew her
application for admission altogether.,--shheNsosieyroprY
s, Prince Arthur,
on
h Herald.
the
HARROW SCHOOL..--Aire are authorised to state that
her 'Majesty having been graciously pleadsaeydtoctone occa-
sion
confer on
H ar Harrow
tSchool r an additional af
bel
si Lig; lal
school will re.open on Wednesday, the 18th of September,
instead of the 11th, the day 1:19/9#7 axed.
' •

THE UNITED STATES.

NEW YORK, JULY 31.—1 t is asserted in political
circles in Washington that the differences between
this Government and that of Portugal have been
adjusted. The terms are not given, nor are we in-
formed where or when the adjustment took place.
The reports first received a week or two since excited
some attention ; since then, however, but little has
been heard of the subject, and I am not aware of its
having occasioned a single remark in either Chamber
of Congress. The tone of public opinion generally
is strongly opposed to hostile demonstrations, nor is
it probable they would be sanctioned by Congress,
and much doubt has been expressed as to the equity
of any claim for indemnity on account of the capture
of the General Armstrong privateer at Fayal. Had
such a claim been well based, it is considered that it
would have had more attention from former Adminis-
trations, particularly from that of President Jackson,
who certainly was most zealous in discharging that
branch of his duties.

Mr. Winthrop, and not Mr. Everett, has been ap-
pointed to the vacancy occasioned by Mr. Webster 's
retirement from the Senate. He was Speaker of the
last House of Representatives, and was the promi-
nent candidate of the Whig party for the same office
this year.
The Senate are still occupied with the Compro-
mise Bill, and the part of it now under discussion

refers to the boundaries of Texas and New Mexico.
The proposal to leave thAn to the adjustment of Com-

inissioners was negatived by an even vote and a sub

equent motion to to bring an action
in the Supreme Court was lost. The voting was

quite sectional, and showed an absence of Whig or

Democratic influence. A hope is daily erpreised
that the final vote will be taken on this question, and
daily disappointment is felt that no decision has been
come to. It is evident that a large majority of Sena-
tors approve of the late determination of President

Taylor to prevent any hostile movement of Texas in
the region claimed by that state, for a motion
of Mr. Rusk to " declare null and void
all orders of the United.,,, States' officers in
New Mexico concerning the foundation of a
State Government, and all action therein," was re-
jected by a vote of 42 to 12. The claims of Texas
are generally looked on to be as fictitious as they
well can be, and would- not exist were it not for the
unscrupulous character of a large portion of her po-
pulation, made up, but within a few years,by re-
fugees and outlaws from the other states, hose so-

quisitiveness has lately been excited by the possible
'chance of a large payment in money for their aban-
donment of these pretensions. Imaginary as they
may be, however, they receive the very general sup-
port of the Southern States, where it is considered
that every acre secured to Texas extends the field of
slave territory and enhances the influence of slave
states. Fortunately the interest ends there, and, as
the vote proves, no attempt at forcible occupation
will be sanctioned ; nor would such a demonstration
find favour with their constituents, even if it were
seriously favoured by the minority, who endea-
voured to prevent the interference of the general
Government for the purpose of securing the public
tranquillity.
Another proposal before the Senate is for allowing
drawback on foreign goods transported by land into
Canada. Heretofore this drawback was obtainable
only on such merchandise as was sent round by sea,
thus causing great delay as well as risk to the shippers.
It is also under consideration to create a rank of
Lieutenant-General in the army, and to confer it on
General Scott in acknowledgment of his services in
Mexico. The highest grade at present is that of
Major- General.
The returns of revenue from duties during the past
fiscal year, ending on the 30th of June, have not yet
been completed, but it is ascertained that it will ex-
ceed 41,000,000 dolls. ; and prospects for the present
year are said to be equally favourable. All, and more
than all, will nevertheless be required, if appropria-
tions are made for.some of the heavy expenditures
contemplated in California, and rendered necessary
by the enormous trade which has sprung up in that
quarter.
The wheat harvest throughout the country has been
gathered, and the quantity produced is said to be far
greater than ever before. In many of the Western
States, where Indian corn has heretofore been the
principal crop, a large amount of wheat has been
grown this year. Missouri, which is one of the
smallest wheat-producing states, has an estimated
surplus of 500,000 bushels. The corn crop has un-
fortunately suffered somewhat in almost every direc-
tion, owing to drought ; as, however, this occurred
before the grain was formed, the injury will be amply
retrieved it the weather in August be favourable ; but
under any circumstances it is merely a question of
price, as the supply is far more than is requisite for
the consumption of beast as well as man.

Private advices from Havannah to the 22d confirm
the idea that the sugar crop will be considerably less
than was anticipated at the beginning of the season.
Both demand and prices were steady, but supplies
were restricted notwithstanding these inducements as
well as the great facilities for bringing the article to
market. Much anxiety is reported to exist among plan-
ters on account of the progress of cholera, and the
effect it may produce upon the next and subsequent
crops. Nor does this alarm appear unfounded, for
though the disease has not become general it continues
to spread, and its ravages in some districts have been
appalling. The period of the year is not favourable
for arresting the disease, and the most efficient hands
are generally the victims. The loss is thus irre-
parable, owing to the impossibility of replacing the
deceased blacks or substituting other labour.
Accounts from the cotton-growing districts are
more favourable, but this should not be construed into
any indication that the crop will be a large or even
an average one. The report is merely noted and
quoted in contradistinction to the unfavourable ones
already sent over. It cannot, however, set aside the
fact that the average date of bloom did not take place
before the sth inst., which is twenty days later than
the latest season on record ; nor can it obliterate the
remembrance that in no case has late bloom produced
a large crop.
United States' Stocks have been in moderate de-
mand, and a decline has been submitted to. State
Stocks are also dull, and but little activity exists in
any branch of trade. There is no change in the
money market, and the export of specie appears to
have ceased. The quotations at the close of business
yesterday were—United States' Six per Cents., 1856,
1071; 1862, 1104 to 111 ; 1867-68, 114 to 1144;
1868 Coupons, 1161 to 1164 ; New York Six per
Cents., 1865, 118 k; Ohio Six per Cents., 1875, 114 k
to 115 ; Illinois Canal Dollar Bonds, registered, 55 ;
Internal Imp. Stock, 1847, 50 to 50f ; ditto Interest
Stock, 27 • Indiana Canal Loan, 85 ; State Five per
Cents., 77i to 78 ; Maryland Five per Cents., 87 to
nB9i
a;
Six Alabama
perceln'tsi perlB7 9C, elnot7s . 82
t,
010t7o1 8; 4;
FiveP Pennsylva-
nia sy lCent.,va
92i to 93k.
The demand for bills on London is moderate, and
the rates tend downward ; the transactions have been

1091 to 1104; Paris, .5.2 f to s.23,x.—Times' Cor-
respondent.