The Sun.
London, England, 1844-02-23 00:00:00

Pelham Richardson, Cornhill

CAUSES OF, AND REMEDIES FOR,
THE EXISTING DISTRESS OF THE COUNTRY.
By JOHN WADE.
Author of " British History Chronologically Arranged ;" the
" History' of the Middle Classes," &c.
HE WEEKLY CHRONICLE of FizatuAßl
T the 24th Inst., will contain the First Sections of the above in-
teresting and important Work, now that published, and which will be
continued Weekly until completed.
The following is a Synopsis of the Contents :
Part I.—On the Causes of the Existing Distress—Plan of Investiga-
tion.—Section 1. Industrial Development of the Kingdom ; 2. Esti-
mate of the Productive Power of the Country ; 3. Principles of Com-
mercial Fluctuations ; 4. Mercantile Reactions, and the degrees in
which they have been induced by Banking Paper Currently and Pri-
vate Credit ; 6. Immediate Causes of Existing Difileulties ; 6. General
Conclusions on the Causes of National Distress.
Part 11. Remedies for the National Distress. Division One—
Remedies by Legislation. Section 1. Suggestions for Enlarging the
Home Market ; 2. Abrogation of Agricultural Protection ; 3. Ex-
tension of the Foreign Markets by Free Trade ; 4. Suggestions on
the New Corn-law and Tariff; b. Utility of a Commercial Congress
of States for the reciprocal Revision of Tariffs ; 6. Relief from more
Liberal Policy towards our Colonial and Foreign Possessions ; 7.
Benefits trom the • Settlement of the Currency of the Kingdom;
8. Ought Contracts to be Adjusted, and Funded Property spedially
Taxed ; 9. Emigration ; ?10. Conclusion. of Legislative Remedies.
Division Two—Remedies by Capitalists. Division Three—Remedies
by the Working Classes. Conclusion of Essay.
The following are also among the peculiar features of the WEEKLY
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I. The celebrated Articles on IRISH HISTORY, and the RE-
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11. COTTON TWIST REDIVIYUS A New Series, Weekly,
of the LETTERS of COTTON TWIST, " FREE TRADE! PLENTY
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BREAD."
111. SCALPEL'S ANATOMY of the PEERAGE ; forming a eelP:
plete History of the Peerage of the United Kingdom, for the Informs-
tion of its People.
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nvienen,tmwhich wasess!
tcuotn twrandii
ecth
edtheaWt Weakly
yticmhre
obniyereenewvherolsehorfantkhefroGmo:
and which now passes unchallenged as a fact.
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Sheriff MUSGROVE reported to the Court that there were
at present 53 persons in Newgate undergoing sentence of
imprisonment; varying from three months to two years,
and that there were now in the prison some cases of in-
sanity. The subject of sentencing' convicts to confine-
ment in IN ewgate—a system wholly at variance with the
discipline so necessary to be observed in a gaol sot apart
for untried persons alone—had been more than once
before introduced to the Court, but as the evil was a
growing one, he considered it to be his duty to repeat
the fact.—(Hear, hear.)
The REIXEMBILLNCER stated that the subject was in
the progress of inquiry by the proper authorities.
The Report of the Police Committee upon the petition
of W. L. Brake, late one of the inspectors of the City
police, praying that the petitioner should be allowed the
expenses incurred by him in an action of trover brought
against him, as such inspector, for the recovery of pro-
perty detained by him, was brought forward. It stated
that the Committee were of opinion that the prayer of
the petition ought not to be complied with.
It appeared from what was stated in the Court, that
the late inspector had acted in the whole business under
the direction of the Commissioner of the City Police, and
had 1:). that officer's advice employed an attorney to de-
fend the action, instead of applying to the Court of Al-
dermen to authorise the City Solicitor to undertake the
matter, and that the result of the action was a verdict
against Brake, by which that individual was put to the
expense of 140/. or 150 L
Alderman BROWN said it was really very hard upon
the poor wan, that he should be compelled to pay such
a penalty for doing what he considered to be an aet of
duty, under the sanction of the City Commissioner. He
wished the Report to be sent back to the Committee, in
order that it might be ascertained whether some means
of relieving the petitioner from such unjust expense
could not be adopted.
Alderman WILSON said, the Committee felt the case to
be a hard one, but they considered that, upon principle,
they could not recommend the Court to pay the expense
incurred in an action defended by a strange solicitor.
Brake had, it appeared, acted under a rule which had
not been made legal, and the City Solicitor, who, if any
one ought to have been employed was the person, was
not consulted upon the propriety of the course of the
proceedings adopted.
Alderman FAREBROTHER said there was no excuse
for sending back the Report. The petitioner had im-
properly detained the goods of the plaintiff in the action,
and the Commissioner had sent his inspector to his own
solicitor to defend the action, and, now that the verdict
was against the inspector, off the Commissioner sent his
inspector for the money to pay his solicitor's bill.—
(Laughter.) The Court could never think of sanction-
ing such a mode of disposing of the City funds.
Sir PETER LAURIE—The subject has been already
twice before, in other shapes, before the Committee, and
it was quite clear that the petitioner had no claim at all.
Alderman WOOD said the Committee could not help
the conclusion they had come to. At the same time,
Brake had no alternative, except an exceedingly dis-
agreeable one. The man was obliged to obey the Com-
missioner, in peril of losing his place, and the conse-
quence of his obedience was the action at law. The de-
fendant was but an half.pay officer, and had a family
to§nwert,...nnd it was a great severity upon him that he
.a soul
d be .oblijiarto, pay 1401.; -Or 150/, for having acted
in strict conformity with the direction of his superior.
The amendment, to send back the Report for reconsi-
deration was then lost, 7 hands having been held up for
and 8 against it.
THE MAOIST...TES OF THE CITY AND THE CITY POLICE

COMMISSIONER.
Alderman WILSON presented a petition from the in-
habitants of the ward of Castle Baynard, complaining
that the neighbourhood of St. Paul's Churchyard was
greatly disturbed and disgusted by the conduCt of women
of the town at night, and praying that the Court would
take some means of abating so serious a nuisance. He
had, upon the representation of the circumstances to him,
advised the petitioners to apply to the Commissioner-of
the City Police., who, however, had informed them that
the magistrates would not assist his efforts to remove
the women of the town from the place described as being
subject to the nuisance. The Alderman moved that the
petition be referred to the Police Committee.
Mr. KEATING (of St. Paul's Church-yard), one of the
petitioner:, said, in answer to questions put by members
of the Court, that he and others of the petitioners
waited upon the Commissioner of the City Police, ac-
cording to the recommendation of Alderman Wilson, and
was informed by Mr. Harvey that there was no use in
taking up women of the town, for the magistrates dis-
missed them without inflicting any punishment. The
policeman had told the petitioners the same thing.
Alderman COPELAND—A more gratuitous piece of in-
formation I never heard of, than that upon- .the part of
the Commissioner.
Alderman FAREBROTIIER said it was most ridiculous
in the Commissioner to make such a statement. 1r the
Commissioner or his men could not establish a case
against the unfortunate women whom they might think
proper to take into cust, dy, why should not the magis
trates dismiss them ?—(Hear, hear.) These poor crea-
tures must be somewhere ; in Regent-street they were
infinitely more numerous than they were in St. Paul's
church-yard ; and why, if acts of disorder were not
proved against them, should they be punished with im-
prisonment, or with the bad treatment which they often
suffered,.. without being brought before magistrates at
all ? He, for one, would not, imprison a wretched
female merely because she was brought before him by
a policeman; and -he cared nothing for the opinion of
the Commissioner on the question.
Alderman HUMPRERY regretted to see that a most
unkind feeling existed towards the Commissioner, who
had merely said to the petitioners that his men took the
women before the magistrates, and that the magistrates
discharged them. Now, what did the magistrates do
with the women? Did they send them to Bridewell?
Alderman COPELAND.—Yes, when they have com-
mitted any offence or disorder. Let the police do their
duty.
Alderman HUMPHERY said the police did their duty,
and so also did the magistrates. The Commissioner had,
he would contend, been most unfairly treated by such a
course of condemnation. He ought to be heard upon
the subject.
Alderman BROWN said the petitioners complained of
what they considered to be a great nuisance, and upon
stating the nature of it to the Commissioner, and asking
for his interposition, what did he say?—That there was
no use in it, for the magistrates dismissed the accused.
A more gross libel could not be uttered against that
Court, and he was astonished to find a member of that
Court stand up as the apologist of him who had uttered
it. The Commissioner might and ought to have said,
Gentlemen, we cannot commit women of the town for
walking the streets. The streets are open to them as
they are to us; but I must do the magistrates the justice
to say that when any act of disorder is committed by
these women they uniformly carry the law into effect.
Alderman WOOD said the police not only brought
women of the town, but reputed thieves, before the ma-
gistrates, but evidence was necessary introductory to
punishment. Indeed, it was frequently the case that the
magistrates were obliged to reprove the police for ap-
prehending persons without having the slightest ground
for taking them into custody.
Sir PETER LAURIE declared that he had often dis-
charged unfortunate women against what appeared to
him to be the reasoning of the police, that if a female,
after having walked down Fleet-street, dared to walk
back again, she must be walked off to a prison.—(Hear.)
The RECORDER read the section of the City Police Act,
tot o
take
ew intoth a that
custodyit was notan de x
iamc tpl
ryi
saocnc o ruding r
ttuon
atthe e twot statute
who walked the streets without committing any offence.
The petition was then rejected.
A petition was presented praying for the removal of
the ancient cart-stand from Dowgate-hill.
Alderman LUCAS opposed the removal. He had him-
self known the stand to be on Dowgate-hill upwards of
seventy years, and he thought that people ought to put
up with a little inconvenience for a large benefit ; but
really some persons wished to have the most public parts
of the City like Berkeley-square or Grosvenor-square.
Now, he liked to see carts and waggons crowding after
each other through the thoroughfares. It showed that
as it used to be of old.
money was stirring
Alderman Joss JOIINSON moved that the petition be
referred to a committee, which was agreed to.
The Court then proceeded with closed doors to con-
sider the subject of thgeaaof poofisntem:gnatteo.f a Deputy-Gover-
nor of her Majesty's

EAST INDIA HOUSE.
THE AMEERS OF SINDE.
The following is a more full and correct report of the dis-
cussion on Sinde than that which appeared in The Sun yes—
terday :
o'clock
The chair was taken at twelve by Mr. John Cot-
ton, and the minutes of the last Court were read.
The CIiAIR3LIN rose and said, at the last meeting of this
Court we were favoured, and I am sure 1 may say-gratified,
ofstpolicy
Courtot
el
imNevyei
statements s contained in those
with able and forcible speeches from two Hon. Gentlemen
who had signed the requisition just read. It is by no means
that has been pursued
any lengthened ob-
servationsmy
speeches,inen intention oor nfo tn
rouble
in Sinde. The papers which have boen laid before the Court
on this subject embrace all the proceedings that have taken
place in Sinde, whether under the government of Lord Auck-
land or under that of Lord Ellenborough. Gentlemen, I
have no hesitation in saying that I see in these papers great
cause for regret in much that has occurred. IN e have not
now before us the question of the expedition to Affghanistan ;
that is gone by, but it is to that expedition that we must
uponbe questiontthhe
ascribe the first coercive proceedings towards the Ameers.
Then, again, we have not now before us the question of the
retirement of the British forces
from Affghanistan, vet un-
doubtedly the second course of coercive proceedings towards
the Ameers is to be ascribed to that step. In booth cases, it
appears to me that we ought in reason and in justice to
slake due allowances for Governors-General, acting at such
a distance from home, wider a solemn responsibility to do
what may seem",to them, upon the whole, best in view to the
great interests committed to their charge. Lord Auckland
, ITN of opinion that it Wee of the utmost importance to the

that I should apprise the Court that there is at present no
question regularly before them ; the question at the last
Court, raised by an Hon. Proprietor previous to the discussion,
was for an adjournment; the resolutions proposed by the
requisitionists have not, consequently, been formally moved.
From what I have said, the Court will understand that I

think it better these resolutions should not be moved, and that
our best course would be to adjourn. Still I beg to say that

I have not the slightest wish to prevent discussion, :Which
may take plaCe as well on the motion of adjournment as on
the resolutions, if they should be formally moved. lam my-
self prepared to move an adjournment, but I will not do so
until the requisitionists have had an opportunity, if they
should think fit, of first proposing their resolutions.
Mr. SULLIVAN rose to-order. He considered that the reso-
lutions he had brought forward were fully before the Court.
After a few remarks from Mr. Laurie and Sir J. Law
Lushington,
The CHAIRMAN repeated that he was not desirous to stop
discussion. All that he wanted then was to have the reso-
lutions fully before the Court.
Mr. SULLIVAN then handed in the requisition and resolu-
tions, which have already appeared in The Sun.
Mr. T. WEEDING said he had attended the last Court, and

had listened with considerable attention to the speeches of
the mover and seconder. He thought the Hon. Mover would
have gone the full length of approving of the conduct of
Lord Auckland. He was, however, too sagacious for that, as
the exaction of tribute from the meers was sanctioned by
Lord Auckland, and the exaction of lands by Lord Ellenbo-
rough. In 1809 a treaty had been entered into with Sinde,
and others were subsequently contracted to carry out the
great object of the navigation of the Indus, which had done
more to civilise man in abat quarter of the globe than any-
thing else. Duties were to be paid, &c. The Hon. Pro-
ptietor entered into a detail of the contents of these treaties.
lie said he deplored the judgment of the Governor-General,
but still he considered that he had been anxious to do his
best for the benefit of India, in acting as he had done.--

(Hear.) He conscientiously thought it necessary to convert
enmity into friendship. He alluded to the conduct of Lord
Auckland towards Afghanistan, and the treaties with Run-
jeet Sing and Shah Soojah. In order to make the subject
before the Court more clear, he (the Hon. Proprietor) would
take up the treaties. From 1590 to 1736 Sinde was a fief of
the Mogul Emperor. In 1736 the chief of a large body of
fanatics seized the government—
Mr. CLARKE rose to order. What had the ancient history
of Sinde to do with the present argument?
Mr. WEEDING said he would show that. He would show
that, but for a revolt, the land would have before belonged
to the Government of India. (As showing the opinions and
recommendations of parties in India as to the policy pursued
by the Government towards the Ameers, the lion. Proprietor
quoted a great variety of official letters and papers, all of
which have been again and again referred to in the Parlia-
mentary and other discussions.) In the affairs of Sinde he
was inclined to defer to the judgment of the Court of Direc-
tors. In conclusion, the Hon. Proprietor expressed his ap-
probation of the line of policy that had been adopted towards
the Ameers, and said he hoped the majority of the Proprie-
tors would join with him in negativing the motion.
Mr. LEWIS said that, notwithstanding the speech of the
Hon. Proprietor who had just sat down, and all that had
been elsewhere said upon the subject, he still felt a deep
sympathy for the situation of the unfortunate Ameers ; and
he trusted that ere long they would be restored to their
sovereignty. He was glad to hear from the Chairman of
the Court that he disapproved of the course that had been
adopted towards them, The proceedings of the British
Government had been nothing but a continual invasion of
territory under a variety of specious pretexts. We ought
to have evacuated their country after the termination of the
war in Affghanistan ; but it appeared that our disasters in
that quarter had sharpened our appetite for dominion, and
induced us to take vengeance on our friends. Lord Ellen-
borough had condemned the course adopted by his prede-
cessor, and proclaimed his own policy would be ono of a
civil nature, but the result proved that the policy of both
those Noble Lords was much about the same. The restoration
of the Ameers was a matter not only of justice but policy,
and was necessary for the protection of even our own selfish
interests.(Hear.) Could we possibly retain possession of
Sinde, when it was probable that we might ere long come
into hostile collision with the sovereign of Lahore, or for a
second time be involved in a war with Affg,hanistan ? The
result of success in either case would be a European war. By
extending our terntory in the manner we had done, we had
greatly weakened our real power.
Mr. MAnmorr said he thought that the statements made
in that Court by parties: who had resided at Sinde were en-
titled to suite as much attention as the ex parte evidence
contained in the blue books. He regretted that none of the
Directors, either in that Court or another place, had ex-
premed their opinions on the subject.
Mr. CLARKE said, the Hon. Proprietor (Mr. Weeding) had
occupied the attention of the Court for several hours with
observations which in his humble judgment had very little
to do with the question under discussion. He wanted to hear
a moral and not a military justification for the attack which
had been made on the Ameers. He had read the papers be-
fore the Court with as much attention as the Hon. Proprietor
(Mr. Weeding), but he confessed that he had put a very
different construction upon their contents.—(Hear.) The
whole of our policy towards the Ameers had been one of an
aggressive tendency from first to last.
Mr. Sergeant GAZELEE said the doctrines which had that
day been propounded by the Hon. Proprietor (Mr. Weeding)
were contrary to the principles of eternal justice. He com-
plained of the conduct of the Directors in not coming for-
ward, either in that Court or elsewhere, to defend the course
that had been pursued by the Governor-General of India.—
(Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Sergeant Gazelee) felt no difficulty
in passing judgment on the conduct of Lord Ellenborough,
after the very cool manner in which that Noble Lord had
thought proper to pass his judgment on that of his prede-
cessor.—(Hear, hear.) The Proprietors had a right to call for
an expression of the sentiments of the Directors on the sub-
ject under discussion—(Hear, hear)—of those whom the
Proprietors had appointed as the governors of their affairs,
and to ask whether they were to be looked upon by the Pro-
prietors as directors of their affairs, or merely the dispensers
of the patronage of the Company.—(Loud cries of "Hear,
hear.") At the last Court the motion for an 'adjournment
had emanated from the chair. The Proprietors had a right
to assume that the Directors had read the whole of the papers
in the interim, and from their silence that day to conclude
that they found the conduct of Lord Ellenborough to be alto-
gether indefensible.—(Hear, hear.) He deeply regretted the
manner in which the whole question had been shuffled over
by the House of Commons.—(Hear, hear.) He should there-
fore vote in favour of the resolution.
Mr. ArrELL (a Director) said that, after the very forcible
appeal to the Directors that had been made by the last
speaker, it was impossible for him to remain silent. Still,
however, he thought that the discussion of the present ques-
tion ought to be confined to the Court of Proprietors, and
that the Directors ought to abstain from expressing any
opinion on the subject, more particularly after the statement
that had that day been made by the Chairman —that the
whole matter was then under the anxious consideration of
the Court of Directors. It should be recollected that the
Directors and Proprietors were placed in a very different
position ; the former acted under the solemnity of the oath by
which they were bound. He thought that enough had al
ready been said to satisfy the Court of Proprietors that the
Directors did not differ from them in opinion on the present
question.—(Hear.) The discussion that had taken place
would strengthen the hands of the Directors. He, however,
would not move an adjournment, as he would rather such a
motion came from the other side of the bar. With regard to
the silence of the Directors, when the subject was under dis-
cussion in the House of Commons, he would merely observe,
that he did not sit there as the representative of the East
India Company. He acted as he thought right on that occa-
sion, and he still thought that he did right in not speaking on
the question. He did not approve of the conduct of the Go-
vernor-General.
Mr. TUCKER, another Director, said, that himself and his
colleagues had not been inattentive to the discussion that had
that day taken place, but they considered it would not be
decorous in them to anticipate the opinions of the Proprie-
tors. Had they done so the Court would have lost some of
the most eloquent speeches that had ever been delivered in
that Court. He would, if the question came to a division,
vote for the first resolution, but not for the second.
After a few words from Mr. G. Titostesos,
Mr. SULLIVAN replied.
The CIIAIENLA-N, before putting the question, said he still
thought that the whole matter had better be left in the
hands of the Court of Directors, and that it was not de-
sirable for the Court to come to any expression of opinion
on the resolutions then before it, in the form in which it
was proposed. He should, therefore, move that the Court
do adjourn.
After some conversation between the mover and seconder
of the resolution, and some of the Proprietors,
Mr. SULLIVAN withdrew his resolutions, and the motionf or
adjournment was put and carried.

POST-OFFICE. NoTreas.—The following notices
appeared onWednesday at the General Post-effice, St. Martin's-
le-Grand :—" The Montrose will take out the Peninsular
mails of the morning of the 22d instant. The Oriental, for
the India, &e. mails, of the morning of the Ist of March.
The CstiocioMit, for the Americo mails of the 4th of March.
The-Superior, for the New mouth Wales mails of the 29th

After the usual preliminary business had been gone through,
Mr. CLEMENTS (barrister) stated that he had been en-
trusted with a resolution respecting the arbitration courts,
unanimously adopted by the Committee, and which would,
he was sure, receive the concurrence of the Association. The
existence of these courts was charged in the indictment as an
attempt to bring the administration of justice into contempt ;
and although the people had a perfect right to choose arbi-
trators to decide their disputes whenever they thought proper
to do so, yet the Committee thought that the constituted
authorities ought to be obeyed, even though they acted under
the semblance of the law.—(Hear.) The very last injunction
left by Mr. O'Connell before he left the country was, that the
arbitration courts should be dissevered from the Association,
and to carry out that recommendation the following resolu-
tion was framed, which he would propose for the adoption of
the meeting:—
"That all connection between the Loyal National Repeal
Association, and all or any courts of arbitration do hence-
forward cease, and that the arbitration committee be dis-
solved ; but that such determination is come to in order to
avoid misconstruction, and does not at all intimate any idea
that arbitrations are in themselves wrong or illegal; and
that we leave it to the Irish people to settle amongst them-
selves their disputes and differences by arbitrators to be in
each case chosen by the parties themselves, without any refer-
ence whatsoever to the Repeal Association."
• Mr. S. O'BRIEN seconded the motion. He wished it to be
perfectly understood that they did not concur in the con-
struction given of the law with respect to the arbitration
courts, but they surrendered nothing by dissolving the con-
nection between the Association and these courts. They
did not recommend the people not to appoint arbitrators
themselves ; and, as far as he was concerned, he was ready
at any time when called on to act in his own neighbourhood
as an arbitrator—not as a member of the Repeal Association,
but a subject of the British empire. The resolution was carried.
The amount of rent was 562/. The Association adjourned.