The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-08 00:00:00

\j„.s.ti
_
Atli;

LONDON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1850.

On Wedinesday we asked certain questions, re-
quiring full, distinct, and unequivocal answers, be-
fops it could be ascertained whether the alleged losses
said to be sustained by agriculturists were occasioned by
causes beyond their own control, or through the erassa
negligentia, the gross negligence and wilful default
of the parties principally concerned—tbe owners and
occupiers of the soil. We pointed out briefly the
natural results of the monetary code, of the game-
laws, and of the want of skill, capital, industry, and
enterprise on the part of a large proportion, if not
the great majority of the farmers themselves, which
led to that " state of absolute neglect" so strongly,
eommented upon by the Noble Leader of the Protec-
tionists (Lord STANLEY) in his celebrated speech at
Bury—a speech which excited such unutterable
dismay and consternation in the Protectionist camp.
The Node Lord, however, told some wholesome
truths to his auditors. He declared his perfect con-
viction, that " if it does not answer to farm well, it
cannot answer to farm ill; that if a well drained and
well cleaned field will not pay rent, an undrained
field full of weeds and half full of water will not pay
rent either." None can deny the accuracy of these
conclusions. The days have, we admit, long since
gene by when an idle, slovenly, unskilful farmer
could pay a heavy rent to his landlord, heavy tithes to
the rector of the parish, and enormously heavy taxes,
local es well as general, out of a neglected and badly.
cultivated farm, and meanwhile support himself
and family with ordinary comfort. But at the same
time, it by no means follows that, if the amount of
ao.fivity, skill, and capital should be embarked
in the undertaking, which are indispensable
in any other business or manufacture, the
result might not be of a very different and much more
satisfActory character, leaving nothing of which a man
who had fairly discharged his duties in reference to
his holding could justly complain.
A very valuable work just published,* a notice of

*" The Law and Practice of Agricultural Tenancies,
with Forms and Precedentv." By George Wingrove
Cooke, of the Middle Temple, Banister-at-Law, Author
011" A Treatise on Inclosures," &I. 87N London, 185%

which appeared in our columns simultaneously with
the article above referred to, however, shows that

there was another cause in operation, tending to pro-
duce the untoward results so loudly complained of by
the agriculturists, and sufficient to account in a great
degree for their depressed condition. The admirable
and important work of Mr. COOKE will not only be
useful to legal practitioners, but it should be atten-
tively perused and calmly and maturely considered by
every tenant-farmer, and by all landlords who
may see the evil consequences of their
own class legislation, of the code of laws
enacted by themselves for their own exclusive benefit
and advantage. Although the object of Mr.
COOKE was merely to produce an useful and much
required book on a subject of general interest, and to
avoid embarking on the stormy sea of politics, it is im-
possible not to perceive from the state of facts which
he so clearly explains the defective state of the law be-
tween landlord and tenant in England as well as in
Ireland, and the imperative necessity of a large and
comprehensive measure of reform being speedily
enacted. It appears that " tenant-right" is as much
required in this country as at the other side of St.
George's Channel. We do not by " tenant-right"
mean the wild and untenable demands that have
occasionally been put forward by professional
agitators, but such a custom as prevails in
some districts in Ulster, and which is found
to act beneficially for all parties concerned
—for landlords as well as tenants, and even
for the humbler class, who earn their daily bread by
their daily labour, and to whom it ensures the great
desideratum—full employment, a fair demand for
their only commodity, their labour.
Under the present system there is no inducement to
farmers to invest their capital, and apply their labour
in the amelioration of their holdings, because there is
no security that if they do so they themselves or their
families will be permitted to enjoy the legitimate
fruits of their industry. They are told by the land-
lords at agricultural societies, that nothing 'can be
achieved unless they drain, manure, and fence their
lands. These are preliminaries which cannot be
dispensed with if they desire to succeed. But what
farmer of ordinary intelligence and ordinary caution
will enter upon such expensive and laborious
undertakings when he can be, at a short notice,
turned out of possession, without obtaining any com•
pensation whatsoever for his permanent and lasting
improvements ? It is vain to expect or hope for such
wild and unreasoning proceedings on the part of any
body of men, and the landlordi, by seeking undue ad-
vantages not sought for or conceded to any other
class, practically prohibit the amelioration of the lands
and tenements of which they possess the fee and in-
heritance.

Mr. COOKE has shown that in this country written
contracts, whether in the form of agreement or leases,
form the exception, and not the rule. We are by no
means surprised that such should be the case, when
we see the vexatious stipulations, the strange condi-
tions introduced into these documents, and insisted
upon by or on behalf of the landlords. In some
a course of cultivation may be laid down which
could not be pursued by the farmer without
certain and heavy loss. Many of these covenants can
only be regarded as snares by which the tenant may
be led into the trap either of forfeiture of his interest
in the tenement, or of being rendered liable for
ruinous penal rents, in either of which cases he will
be placed wholly at the mercy of his lessor. It is
by no means surprising then that many of these men,
" with considerable shrewdness and great talents for
bargaining," should prefer the pleasing " elasticity of
a parole contract" to inadequate securities for doubt-
ful improvements and stringent covenants for a pre-
cisely defined system of husbandry.
The condition of the farmer then is this : if, as in
the majority of cases, he holds under a simple verbal
tenancy, without lease or agreement in writing, he
cannot improve the lards with a due regard for his
own interest. If he erects fixtures necessary to the i
proper cultivation of the soil ; if he sets up
a threshing machine, a barn, a feeding shed, or a
steam-engine, they, or any of them, forthwith become
the property of his landlord if affixed to the freehold.
He may be turnell out without having a legal claim
to a single shilling as compensation for his heavy ex-
penditure. If he can put forward any demand, it
must be under the custom of the district, which Mr.
COOKE happily terms the " shifting and uncertain
mass of tradition, which is at present the common law
of agriculture," and which varies in every locality,
and can scarcely be fixed or defined with any degree
of certainty in any place. It must he obvious that
rules so vague could not be acted on with safety in
any instance, even if purporting to give " security for
improvements," which is not the case in any part of the
country.

Neither is he perfectly safe even if so fortunate as

to obtain what Lord STARLET terms " the ample and
full security of a lease," although all objectionable
stipulati ons should be excluded therefrom, and that it
should be framed its ith the ut most regard for his interests.
What tenant would venture to ask, or what landlord
would concede a full and searching investigation into
the title of the latter, even if the enormous expenses
of such an inquiry did not act as a practical prohibi-
tion of the scrutiny ? Such a thing is absolutely un-
known ; and yet if the tenant, after expending a large
sum of money on the security of such a document,
were about to dispose of his interest in the premises
without showing that the land!ord did Lot in any
degree exceed his leasing powers, any bargain into
which he entered might be repudiated by the pur
chaser for want of that essential requisite—a satisfac
tory and unimpeachable title on the part of his land-
lord. Even if he should be satisfied to retain it in his
chi n hands, he might find that the long term of years
for which he contracted would be limited by the
uncertain and transitory life of the lessor. The
lands might be strictly entailed, the nomi-
nal owner might have only an estate for
life, or other limited estate, and the much-
prized lease might be no better than so much
waste paper against the claims of the tenant `lin tail
or reversioner." Again, the lands may be mortgaged,
and the mortgagee, not being a party to the lease,
might at any moment treat the lessee as a tenant from
year to year, and evict him from his holding without
any compensation for his improvements.
This is not as it should be. This is not what

tenant-farmers have a right to expect from a Legis•
latura composed principally of the territorial aristo-
cracy. They have a right to demand a complete
alteration in the law of landlord and tenant, by which
the latter will, in the event of his removal from his
tenement, or the rent being unduly raised beyond
what he is willing to pay, be secured full compensa-
tion for all unexhausted improvements. Until this
just and equitable law be enacted, the condition
of agriculture can never be in a satisfactory state,
nor can we look for those ameliorations produced by
draining, manuring, and fencing, and that system of
scientific cultivation which by the increased quantity
of produce will more than compensate for reduced
prices, and render farming a profitable and remunera-
tive occupation. But it is for the landed proprietors,
who have full power to do so, to introduce the neces-
sary enactments ; and they cannot for a moment sup-
pose that the community in general would consent to
heavy " import duties on agricultural produce," or
the re-imposition of a " bread-tax," because they
neglect so simple and obvious an expedient. In the
meantime we heartily commend Mr. Cooxa's admir-
able work to the attention of all persons in any degree
interested in the cultivation of the soil, as showing
the best remedies fur the unquestionable evils consis-
tent with the present state of the law. His observa-
tions on " produce rents," " culture covenants,'.
" tenant-right," and the " expediency of terms of
years," will be found particularly deserving of notice.
We must in justice to the learned author add, that
there is no portion of his able and elaborate produc-

tion which will not be found well worthy of a calm
and attentive perusal.

Elsewhere, in this evening's impression of our
journal, will be found a digest of the financial con-
dition of Austria, taken from the recently completed
commercial statistics of Mr. MACGREGOR. An exa-
mination of this interesting paper will amply repay
the labour of perusal, being stored throughout with a
variety of important facts arranged not merely with
lucidity, but with a regard to their chrono-
logical sequence. From these facts it will
be seen bow grievously the rigorous form
of the Austrian Government has affected
the revenues of that immense empire, as
wall as its 10481 and political condition, In oonse. ,

quence of the severe prohibitory laws relating to the
conduct of commercial transactions, the mercantile

power of the people has been all along miserably
stunted, and the executive itself plunged into a
labyrinth of difficulties arising in nearly every instance
out of its financial embarrassments. This, moreover,
has been the case while the contiguous kingdom
of Prussia has, by an adherence to just prin-
ciples of economy, reduced the national debt of
that state to 120,000,000 thalers (18,000,0001.),
namely, less actually than the amount levied,
at reduced duties, in 1849, by the English
Customs merely on tea, sugar, coffee, wine,
spirits, and tobacco. While, as we have said, the
whole of the national debt of Prussia amounts in the
aggregate to simply 18,000,0001., those customs
alone with ourselves in 1849 produced a sum of
19,232,461/. An increase it is true of 20:000,000
thalers additional has taken place of late in the Prussian
debt in consequence of the late revolt': ion a ry occurrences
in Germany ; but, taking even into account, the
comparative freedom of the Berlin Government from
financial involvement is most remarkable, especially
considering the numerous and enormous diffi-
culties that Government bas had to contend against,
by reason cf the losses incurred during the continental
successes of NAPOLEON. It would appear as if the
Ministers selected to administer the affairs of the
state subject to the dynasty of BRANDENBURG kept
perpetually in their recollection the boast of the Great
FREDERICK, that his resources were always one year in
advance in his coffers. The remark, indeed, seems
to have provoked among the administrators of his pos-
terity a wholesome spirit of emulation. However
this may be, so it is—Prussia is financially pros-
perous, while Austria, with considerably larger re-
sources, has, during many reigns, been sunk in pecu-
niary embarrassments.

A consideration of the capabilities of the Austrian
empire will only tend to increase our 'amazement at
the circumstance of her effete condition, commercially
speaking. Containing 45,000 more square miles than
France, 138,000 more than the United Kingdom, and
141,000 more than all the states of Prussia put together,
the Austrian dominions possess pre-eminently, as
Mr. MacGfteGost informs us, " the advantage of
varied and extensive productive regions, yielding, or
capable of growing, corn, rice, wine, oil, honey, wool,
silk, hemp, flax, tobacco, madder, all useful vegetables
and delicious fruits—iron, coal, salt, and other
minerals and products in abundance—cattle, swine,
horses, and sheep 3 with the Danube and other great
rivers, extending inland navigation to almost every
part of the empire; with many seaports on the
Adriatic ; with her states also joining each other, and
with a population generally industrious and orderly."
Yet, in spite of all these incoatestable advantages, the
empire has groaned under a weight of intolerable
debt during the days of a succession of arbitrary
Sovereigns. This, however, arises, as the Honour-
able Gentleman, the Member for the city of
Glasgow, has observed, in one pregnent sentence,out
of the circumstance that " the empire is without
unity of traditions, races, history, or language," to-
gether with other considerations—" the spirit of the
supreme government—the inflexibility of bureau-
cratic routine—the mechanical heaviness of the mi-
litary organization—the non-amalgamation of classes
—and the almost total exclusion of learned and scienti-
fic men from the society of the aristocracy—all con •
stituted elements of change or disintegration." Out
of these preposterous regulations have come a succes-
sion of disastrous enactments, reducing the empire
to the last extremity of financial paralysis and
mercantile atrophy. Foremost among those mistaken
enactments was that prohibiting all foreign commo-
dities.

Not withstanding the beneficent character and gene-
rous intentions of JOSEPH 11., the evil system of
financial mismanagement may be said to have been first
regularly organized during his reign—his Minister
KAUNiTZ proving to him as unfortunate a counsellor
CALONRE Was to Louis XVI. Under the chivalric
sway of the Empress MARIA THERESA again the
finances of Austria suffered a yet more terrible de-
pression, reducing her, chaste and virtuous as she was,
to a personal and courtly correspondent with FAR!.
NLDLA and POMPADOUR. Further elucidations of the
origin of all this embarrassment in an otherwise
wealthy empire, like Austria, may be found in the pages
of Mr. MACGREGOR, especially in reference to the
famous coup de main in which Count WALLIS was
implicated. From the consideration of these ma-
terials it is impossible that any sensible man
could arrive at any other conclusion than
that deduced from the premises of the com-
piler of these commercial statistics. That con-
clu•ion is simply to the effect that Austria might yet
be extricated from its pecuniary difficulties by the or-
ganization of a liberal revenue system of commercial
and financial legislation, but that otherwise its em-
harassments must increase both in regard to its ex-
chequer and in reference to its political government
Even, however, with this wholesome reform, we cannot
agree with the writer already mentioned in thinking
it possible for an empire so unnaturally heterogeneous
to maintain its integrity. Bound together by no tie
of sympathy or bond of interest, the different races of
Austria must in the end inevitably fall asunder,

MELANCHOLY AND FATAL ACCIDENT TO LADY
CA 11.1)EN. —We regre. to record the death of Lady Carden, of
the Priory, Templemore, which occurred under most distress-
ing circumstances. It appears by the IN.4enagh papers that
about four o'clock on the evening of Tuesday, as Sir John
Craven Carden, Bart., and his brother, Warden Carden, Esq.,
were shooting rabbits in the Priory t-emesne, Lady Carden
went towards them, and seated herself on a rustic chair,
surrounded and covered by shrubs. Both gentlemen .
diately joined her. Having placed their rifles, which were
on full cock at the time, against the trees which entwined
around the back of the chair, they entered into conversation
with Lady Carden, when a sudden gale of wind arose which
shook the trees and caused one of the rifles to discharge,
when, alas! the ball entered under Lady Carden's left ear,
and, melancholy to relate, terminated her existence on the
epot. She died in the arms of her affectionate huiband,
whose grief is inexpressible. Nothing can equal the gloom
which the death of this amiable and excellent lady has cast
for many miles around the country. To the poor she is a
severe loss, for her charity was as heartfelt as it was un-
bounded and frequent. She bad just returned from inspect-
ing three schools which she built at her own expense for the
instruction of the youth of the neighbourhood, when she met
kith her deplorable end. Lady Carden has left a family of
three young children, who are now bereaved of their youthful
and affectionate mother.

DEATH Or MR. CARTLEDGE.—Mr. Cartledge, the
Secretary for Lunatics, died on Tuesday last. He had been
for some time afflicted with water on the chest, but the ter-
mination was sudden and unexpected. Mr. Cartledge was
much respected by the gentlemen of the equity bar, uniting
as he did great courtesy of mariner and kindliness of disposi-
tion with a thorough knowledge of the business of his office,
and an anxiety to render that knowledge available for the
promotion of the interests of the profession and the public.
The office is worth 8001. a year, and is in the gift of the
Lord Chancellor.

He that thinks himself poor, because his neighbour
is richer; he that, like Csesar, would rather be the first man
of a village, than the second in the capital of the world ; has
apparently kindled in himself desireswhich he never reeeived
from nature, and acts upon principles established only by the
authority of custom.—Eliza Cook's Journal.

We are enabled to state that the recent Papal ag-
gressions in England have not only created great alarm in
the minds of many of the aristocracy, but that a number of
titled persons, who have been in the habit of attending the
principal Puseyite churches at the west-end, havedetermined
to absent themselves from these places in future. It has
struck the parties to whom we refer, that, apart from all
other considerations, it would henceforth be disrespectful, if
not disloyal to their Sovereign, to give the sanction of their
presence to doctrines and ceremonies which necessarily lead
to the practical denial of the Queen's supremacy; for no one
now pretends to deny that the late audacious assumptions of
the Pope are to be ascribed to the prevalence of Puseyism in
the Anglican Church. Among the stated hearers of the
Rev. Mr. Bennett, of St. Paul s, Hyde-park, are two Cabinet
Ministers, and among the occasional hearers there was a
third. It is due, however, to the latter to state that he has
not attended Mr. Bennett, the most rampant semi-Romanist
of the Tractarian body, for some months past; and we are
enabled to add, that after the events of the last few weeks,
the other two Cabinet Ministers - one of them brought up a
sturdy Presbyterian—who have been in the habit of attend.
ing the ministrations of the Rev. Gentleman, have come to
the conclusion that it would be indecorous to be among
his hearers in future.—Advertiser.

CAUDINAL WISE2dAN.—We are requested to state
that the paragraph relative to the anticipated arrival of Car.
dinal Wiseman in the metropolis yesterday was unfounded.
The Cardinal is at present at Liege, where he will remain
some days.

INSPECTION OF THE GUARDS.—In consequence of
orders issued by the Commander-in-Chief for the inspection
and general muster of the household infantry, yesterday
Imorning, at half-past ten o'elo4:, the four battalions quer-
tered at the west-end of the metropolis were marched from
their respective quarters to the parade-ground facing the
Horse Guards, in St. James's-park. A number of fashion-
abler were present in their carriages, and several general and
1 staff officer. were on the ground. At eleven o'clock the line
was formed, and having been then thrown into double open
I order a general salute was given, and the men and their ap-
pointments were minutely inspected. At a few minutes past
eleven Lieutenant-Colonel Sull.van (assistant adjutant-
general), who acted as muster-master, arrived, and was re-
ceived with the usual ceremony ; the line was then formed
into close column right in front, when each company defiled
in single file past the adjutant-general, each officer, non-com-
missioned officer, and private, answering to his name, and
after a general salute they were dismissed to their quarters.
The 3d battalion of the Grenadier Guards will be inspected
and mustered to-day at Chichester, and the Ist battalion of
the Coldstream: at Windsor to-morrow.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The agony cf rage into which the commemoration
of the 5.h November bas thrown the organs of the
parti-pretre, the vindicators of the massacres of Sr.
Bartholomew, and the restorers of the Inquisition, is
most amusing. As the "swell mobsman" in a crowd
raises a cry of " Stop thief" in order the better under
its cover to carry on his thievish practices, so does the
Univers speak of " the disgraceful outrages" of Lon-
don (e. g. dressing up a jackass in a Cardinal's hat) as
horrible persecution, whilst at the same time it calls
upon all the Cseholic nations of Europe to arm " to
extirpate Protestantism by force of arms." The pious
Constitutionnel, in whose columns originally appeared
" The Wandering Jew," that merciless exposé of
Jesuitism, is greatly scandalized at the ridicule cast
upon the POPE and bis myrmidons, and the Journal
des Debats, in its horror of everything like a popular
mani-estation, expresses its surprise that the manifes•
ta.tions of the sth did not end in the plundering the
Bank and the burning of Buckingham Palace, and
almost expresses its regret that some such catas-
trophe did not terminate the Anti-Popish Manifes-
tation.

The National has the following on the preponder-
ance given to Russia by the occurrence of recent
events in Germany :
" M. Radowitz has tendered his resignation, and the
King of Prussia has accepted it. With that Minister
disappear the last hopes, we would say the last illusions
of the Constitutional Monarchical party. Frederick
William had assumed the character of Constitutional
King, which flattered his vanity and his ambition, and
he had supported it up to the day when he feurei that
be might have to draw the sword. At the moment en
which a conflict appeared imminent, the heir and the
representative of the Great Frederick suddenly thought
that the Bavarian troops entering Hanau was an
irresistible commentary for the counsels received
from Warsaw. At the present time there is
no longer a Pries>isn policy. For all those
who only take account of governments and the official
world, it may be said that Liberalism has drawn its last
breath in Germany. Let but a Tory Ministry replace
the Whigs in England; let Siccardi fall in his courageous
and desperate struggle against clerical influence, and the
Holy Alliance will be reconstituted. In the meantime
Russia is at our gates. The voluntary humiliation of
Prussia opens before her all the roads of Europe as far
as the Rhine. She is more powerful with the hence-
forth secure otedience of Prussia and Austria than she
would be with an army on our frontiers. In 1848, at
the moment when the Revolution of February broke
out, she stood motionless in that fever of liberty which
from Paris extended itself to Germany and to Austria.
Prussia was engaged in the movement, Austria fell
under the war of Italy, under the resolution of Vienna,
and the heroic efforts of Hungary. Sheltered in
his empire, the Czar waited until the agonies of
Austria should give him the signal to resume his po-
licy; it is no longer Constantinople, it is Paris which
is at the end of the policy of Nicholas. When the Ca-
binet of Vienna called on him, he entered the lists, he
pounced on Hungary with his army as on a prey. lie
saved Austria, but he did so for nis own advantage.
She at the-same blow recovered a portion of her empire,
and found a master. The preponderance which the
war at Hungary secured to the Emperor over the policy
of Vienna, he owe' in Berlin to the weakness and
to the pusillanimity of Frederick William. We do
not fear fur France this reconstitution, apparently
ao solid, of monarchical Europe and of abso-
solute power. We should not even fear a Euro-
pean army leagued against us in the name of absolutists,
and marching under the sword of the Czar ; we should
not fear it if the French Republic remembered that
it represents the democratic principles to the world.
In that war, at once national and humane, we should
have all Courts for enemies, and all people for allies.
France has still to take her revenge for two invasions,
or rather it would not be the revenge of France, but
of democracy and of humanity. When our armies
crossed the Rhine after Napoleon, they carried into
Europe the domination of a man. When the kings
came on us in 1813, their hatred of expelled monarchs
was covered and served by the resentment for violated
territories. But let the day come when French de-
mocracy, definitively entrf..‘nchised, shall remember its
mission and its destiny; and our colours, appealed to by
all those who now learn to adore liberty by submitting
to despotism, will perhaps re appear on the plains ot
Germany, not any longer as a symbol of conquest, but
as the glorious sign ot the emancipation and of the fra-
ternity of peoples."
By a decree of the PRESIDENT of the Republic,
founded on a report of the Minister of Marine, it has
been decided that the maps. and plans for the navy
shall not in future be kept merely in Paris, but
shall be distributed amongst such places as they may
be of most utility to in the service.
The Monziteur de l' Armee announces that Generals
de Brigade LPs RocuEciionAnT, D'Y DE RESIGN'S,
PICOT, PONCELET, and SAU VAN are to be placed on
the retired list.

The Journal de Rennes says—" We are informed
from a good source that General DE REGNY, com-
manding at Brest, has been appointed ad interim to
the command of the military division of Rennes, in
the room of General NEUMATER."

A duel took place in the wood of Meudun on
'Wednesday between M. CHARLES HUGO, son of the
poet, and M. ViEmioT, of the C,orsaire. The parties
fought with swords, and the former being wounded
in the knee was removed from the ground.
An incendiary fire took place in the night of the
Ist inst. at Schneirsheim, near Strasbourg. Two
large farmhouses and the buildings adjoining, con-
taining a large quantity of farming stock, were totally
consumed.

PARIS BOURSE, Nor. 7.—Latest Prices.—Five
per Cents., 92f. 80c. ; Three per Cents., 57f. 80c. ;
Bank of France, 2,295 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Noy. 7.
Boulogne and Amiens, B—Northern of France, 141--
Rouen and Havre, 97g.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of the 2d instant have arrived.

There i; no truth in the reports that were current
that the Portuguese Government had solicited the
good offices of Spain in its differences with England.
Some expectation was entertained that the ex-
Queen of the FRENCII would visit the Duke and
Duchess of .MONTPENSIER at Seville.
MADRID BOLSA, Nov. 2.—Three per Cents.
34j; Five per Cents., 13i it. Exchange, 50 35.

GERIVIAINY.
Ri
took
Ap
sa r
it c
Eh
pi s ,
place
Bar
uco
eRm G
onHßernt
htleii
lat
Prime a n
mn
oo
ru
Minister
nn ien egs the a
t
do
fe aApt hrtueoslfesgiCountiiceßhd
twenty-four minutes past eight o'clock. He was the
natural son of the late King of PRUSSIA. Count
BERNSTORTF, the Prussian Ambassador at Vienna,
had been summoned to Berlin. It was believed he
would be offered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but
nothing bad yet been fixed.
The lndependance of Brussels says—" The fears
of conflict became fainter and fainter in Germany.
The Prussians and the Bavarians,
it is true, make a
steeplechaseetpaocch one will
so see who shall first oc-
cupy the Electorate ; but
point
eonda both parts there is a
te
the place to the first oc-
cupier, ihfsnoauan:td.his nt
hat
ahttoa
preserve the positions
taken, without attempting
to dislodge his antago-
nist from those be may have got. And then—an
agreement will be come to. However, the ELECTOR
if only from amour
of Hesse,propre, would have
rather seen his capital occupied by Austrians and
Bavarians than by the Prussians. He has, accord-
ingly, protested against the entrance of the latter into
Cassel and Fulda, and has sent orders to his Envoy
at the Court of Berlin to leave that city. All that,
however, our Frankfort correspondent says, is not
vary dangerous ; and our correspondent, we believe,
is right. In the meantime the judicial authorities of
the Electorate do not allow themselves to be intimi-
dated by the foreign occupation. In spite of the
state of siege and of the presence of the Bavarian
troops, the tribunal of Hanau has declared ille-
gal the decree for levying the stsmp tax, which was
issued by the Federal Commissioner, Count DE REICH- '
BERG."

RUSSIA.
The CZAR left Warsaw sudthnly on the 30th ult.,
at midn'ght, for Sr. Peter burgh.

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.
The Hamburgh Borsenhalle of the 4th says—
" The arrival of an Austrian officer prohibiting the
continuance of war, has caused a great sensation. At
the present moment it is of course impossible to say
whether it will be acted upon. The armaments of the
Danes are on a very complete scale, and during the last
fortnight especially they have been actively engaged not
only in repairing the breaches and other immense da-
mage caused by the late attack upon Friedriehstadt,
but in erecting additional bulwarks, whereby their posi-
tion is rendered even mole impregnable than it was
before."

ITALY.
The Opinione of Turin of the 3d states that the
commission o
forfthtehe passingerectio of the Siccardi law,
n of the monument in com-
memorationabolishing ecclesiastical privileges in Piedmont, has
received from Verona the value of 1,169 shares, of
which 125 had been taken by priests, and even by pre-
lates. The list of subscribers contains persons of all
ranks and professions, as well as of both sexes.
The rumour of the arrival of a Papal bull of ex-
communication at Turin, levelled at all who took part
in enacting or executing the Siccardi law, has been
revived, but it has not obtained much credence since
the appearance of its contradiction in the Resorgi-
mento and other journals.
R,

OPAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE EXHIBITION OF
851.—The Queen, it is said, has designed a carpet ; and
Prince Albert has executed some pieces of sculpture for the
Exhibition.

DONATION OF ONE THOUSAND POUNDS.--The
treasurer of the United Presbyterian Church MiSEIOIIS has
nua
received from " Two Friends of Dlissions," per the secretary,
the n ilicent clonatiou
10)04.....5c0t5via3.