The Sun.
London, England, 1868-04-14 00:00:00

PROGRESS OF IMPEACHMENT.

On the 23d ultimo the citizens of Washington
again pressed towards the Capitol. The weather
was glorious, the sun shining brightly through the
crisp cold air, iu which could still be traced the
breath of winter. Yet the crowd was not so great
as on former occasions, when people splashed
through the mud below and the drizzle above, or
when they faced the howling snow-storm. The Re-
presentatives were in attendance to support their
Managers, and the galleries were filled as before,
for though the crowd was less outside, it consisted
of those who were now hopeless of securing admis-
sion. Sambo was again excluded, and again the
fair sex filled the front row, beyond all proportion
outnumbering their brethren. Nor is this surpris-
ing in the face of the story told of a lady who
routed up a Senator at midnight and declared to the
half-dressed and half-awakened lawmaker that she
would not leave the house until he promised her a
ticket. Of course the unfortunate Senator had
given every ticket he had away, and it required a
wide-awake man to meet the circumstances. Im-
pudence and perseverance, however, secured their
usual reward, and to quiet his persecutor he was
obliged to take forcible possession of a ticket he had
already bestowed on another. At one o'clock the
Chief Justice entered, and 'Mr. Wade, calling the
Senate to order, vacated the chair. The managers
came in after the usual proclamations, seating
themselves to the left of the clerk's desk, and
the Representatives followed, taking the chairs
provided behind those of the Senators. Mr. Doolittle
was sworn, and after the minutes of the previous
meetings had been read, Senator Davis, of Kentucky,
submitted a motion that the Southern States being
unrepresented, the Senate was incompetent for the
trial. But he and his colleague from Kentucky, the
new Senator M'Creery, Were the only two that re-
corded their votes iu its favour. The Chief Justice
did not allow the question to be debated, merely
taking the votes. It was clear that the Kentucky boys
were ill-advised in this move, for if the Senate was
not properly constituted, they were members of an
illegal body, and both had been acting illegally in
pretending to pass laws for the United States ; what
would render the Senate illegal would equally apply
to the President, by which we would arrive at the
absurd conclusion of an illegal Court trying an
illegal culprit for infringing an illegal Act. The
Democratic members, however, voted against this
absurdity, which so far shows that the question,
even if raised, will have no weight. Mr. Stanbery
then rose and presented the President's answer to
the indictment, which he regretted was not so
complete as counsel desired, in consequence of the
short time given for amplification. But if long-
windedness is favourable to a case, the columns
upon columns which made up the document ought
in all conscience to have been sufficient. If this was
the result of 10 days, the Senate may congratulate
themselves that they did not allow 30, or
they would have had to sit there till
midnight before counsel finished. The reading
was begun by Mr. Curtis, and finished by Mr.
Stanbery. Mr. Johnson replies to each article in
succession, answering the first by quoting the Acts
of Congress organizing the Department of War, and
detailing the manner in which Stanton was appointed
by Mr. Lincoln, asserts he never received any
appointment from the present Administration ; de-
clares the Tenure-of-Office Act to be unconstitu-
tional, and that, even if constitutional, it does not
affect Stanton's case, a point which is argued at
length, and he deduces from this that the President
had the right to remove Stanton, and in attempting
to do so committed no wrong. To this he adds thb
statement that his oath of office made it his duty to
remove Stanton, as the public welfare did not, lit
his judgment, admit of his longer remaining Secre-
tary of War, and he denies that in doing what he did
he violated any law, or committed any misdemea-
nour or impeachable offence. Several of the subse-
quent articles are founded upon this
.same act of
the President, and in answer to the second article
the President declares that when Lorenzo Thomas
was appointed, a vacancy existed in the War De-
partment; in answer to the third, he argues that
the appointment of Thomas as Secretary of War,
ad interim, was not an appointment which it was
necessary to submit to the Senate ; in answer to the
subsequent articles, to the eighth inclusive, he de-
nies any conspiracy, or any intent to hinder the
execution of the laws, or any design to get unlawful
control of the records, money, or other property of
the War Department. The ninth article, which
charges an attempt to secure insubordination among
army officers, is answered at length, and the Pre-
sident details his version of the conversation with
General Emory to show that he never did or in-
tended to do as the article charges, and declares
that he, the President, is Commander-in Chief of
the Army by the Constitution. In answer to the
tenth and eleventh articles, which refer to his
speeches, he denies that the reported versions are
correct, or that he ever intended to set aside or
bring into disgrace the rightful authority of Con-
gress. lie asserts that he has always recognized
the authority of Congress, and has enforced its
laws ; that he has deemed it his duty to veto some
Acts, and submit to Congress his reasons therefor ;
and with reference to his right of free speech which
is thus attacked, his answer says

" He has, from time to time, in the exercise of that free-
dom of speech which belongs to him as a citizen of the
United States, and in his poltical relations as President of
the United States to the people of the United States, upon
fit occasions, as a duty of the highest obligation, expressed
to his fellow-citizens his views and opinions respecting them

as such and the proceedings of Congress, and that in such
addresses to his fellow-citizens, and in such his communica-
tions to Congress, he has expressed his views, opinions,and
judgment of and concerning the actual constitution of the
two Houses of Congress, without representation therein of
certain States of the Union, mid of the effect that, in wis-
dom and ju-tice, in the opinion and judgment of this re-
spondent, Congress, in its legislation and proceedings,should
give to this political circumstance, and whatsoever he
has thus communicated to Congress, or addressed to his
fellow. citizens or any assemblage thereof, this respondent
says was and is within and according to his right and
privilege as an American citizen, and his right and duty
as President of the United States ; and this respondent,
not waiving or at all disparaging his right of freedom of
opinion and of freedom of speech, as hereinbefore or here-
inafter more particularly set forth, but claiming and in-
sisting upon the same. Respondent, further answering the
said tenth article, says that the views and opinions expressed
by this respondent in his said addresses to the assemblages
of his fellow- citizens, as in said article or in this answer
thereto mentioned, are not, and were not, inte..ided to be,
other or different from those expressed by him in his
communications to Congress ; that the eleven Status lately
in insurrection never had ceased to be States of the
Union, and that they were then entitled to representation
in Congress by loyal representatives and Senators as fully
as the other States of the Union, and that conscluently
the Congress as thou constituted was not, in fact, a Con-
gress of all the States, but a Congress of only part of the
States. This respondent, always protesting against the
unauthorised exclusion therefrom of the said eleven States,
nevertheless gave his assent to all laws passed by said
Congress which did not, in his opinion and judgment,
violate the Constitution, exercising his constitutional
authority of returning bills to said Congress with his
objections when they appeared to him to be unconstitu-
tional or inexpedient."

The answer is signed by Andrew Johnson, Henry
Stanbery, B. R. Curtis, Thomas A. R. Nelson,
William M. Evans, and W. S. Grosbeck. Mr.
Bingham, for the managers, said they would ask the
House at the earliest opportunity for a replication,
and hoped to file it to-day, so that the trial could
proceed at once--.a statement that caused some
sensation throughout the Senate. the President's
counsel then asked for 30 days after the filing of
the replication to give them time to prepare for
trial. This was resisted by the managers, and, after
argument and an ineffectual attempt to postpone it,
was rejected by the Senate by a party vote of 11 to
41. The counsel then asked for " reasonable time"
to prepare for trial, and Senator Reverdy Johnson
moved that they have ten days, pending which
motion the Court adjourned till next day.
On the morning of the 24th the House discussed
the replication presented by the managers, which
was as follows :

"The House of Representatives of the United States
have considered the several answers of Andrew Johnson,
President of the United States, to the several articles of
impeachment against him by them, exhibited in the name
of themselves and of all the people of the United States,
and reserving to themselves an advantage of exception to
the insufficiency of this answer to each and all of the seve-
ral articles of impeachment exhibited against said Andrew
Johnson, President of the United States, do deny each and
every averment in said several answers, or either of them,
which denies or traverses the acts, intents, crimes, or mis-
demeanours charged against said Andrew Johnson in said
articles of impeachment, or either of them, and for replication
to the said answer to say that the said Andrew Johnson,
President of the United States, is guilty of the high crimes
and misdemeanours mentioned in the said articles, and that
the said House of Representatives are ready to prove the
same."

In the course of the debate it was admitted that this
had been prepared before the answer of the Presi-
dent had been heard, and it was published before
counsel had finished reading that answer. Being
adopted by the Representatives, it was carried by
the managers to the Senate, and at one o'clock the
Chief Justice from the chair called the Impeachment
Court to order, the attendance being little less than
upon the preceding day. Mr. Boutwell, on behalf
of the managers, presented the replication, and after
it had been filed Mr. Reverdy Johnson again moved
to allow the President ten days to prepare for the
trial. To this Mr. Sumner objected, offering the
amendment, " that the Senate at once proceed
with the trial, day by day, unless otherwise
ordered." The Court adjourned to the ante-cham-
ber, and remained for nearly two hours in hot
debate, the fight being between the moderate and
extreme Republicans. On the return of the Court,
the Chief Justice announced that it had decided to
to proceed with the trial on Monday, March 30 ;
that is, the President was granted six days delay.
While the Senate was in Secret Session, the Presi-
dent's counsel and the managers of Impeachment
freely mixed together on the floor of the chamber.
fhe managers have examined Generals Hancock
and Gordon Grainger, and it is reported that every
member of the Cabinet will be summoned as wit-
nesses by the President. Among them will be Mr.
Stanton, who will be compelled to acknowledge
that he pronounced the Tenure-of-Office Act to be
unconstitutional, and that he wrote a portion of the
Message accompanying the President's veto of that
Act. It will be a curious event in the history of this
trial if it be shown that Mr. Stanton advised the
President to disregard the Act, and if he be im-
peached and removed for following this advice in
Mr. Stanton's own case. Judge Black withdrew
from the President's counsel for a reason we have
elsewhere given, and which is far from telling in
his favour. The two new counsel, W. M. Evarts
and Mr. Groesbeck, of Cincinnati, appeared. Mr.
Fessenden and several of the Conservative Repub-
lican Senators supported the motion for a delay of
ten days, and the vote reducing it to six only passed
by 29 to 23. The managers asserted that they would
close the prosecution in four days, a promise, the
cable informs us, they nearly kept, for on Monday,
the 30th, the trial prcceeded, and last Saturday, the
4th inst., the case for the prosecution was concluded,
and the Court adjourned till the day before yes-
terday, when Judge Curtis opened the case on be-
half of the President.

VANDERBIL7 v. DREW.

(From the Anglo-American Times)
There is an article in the Nation which throws a
flood of light on the Great Erie War. The most
important and profitable railroad traffic in the
United States, and, as we last week explained, soon
to be the most important in the world, is that be-
tween the city of New York and the great West.
The general freight business passes over the roads
that connect the eastern end of Lake, Erie with the
Empire City, of which there are two—the Erie,
running in a south-easterly line through New York
State and New Jersey to Jersey city, and the New
York Central, from the Lake, almost due east to
Albany, where it divides into two branches, called
the Hudson River and the New York and Harlem,
both connecting with New York city. The Har-
lem was of all lines the most mismanaged in the
United States, and was brought to the lowest depth
of disrepute, when CORNELIUSVANDERBILT stepped
in and saved it. That gentleman had acquired a
fortune by managing large steamship lines with
skill and economy. Conceiving the idea of retriev-
ing the Harlem by applying the same rules, he pur-
chased at a nominal figure a large portion of the
shares, and his friends following his example, he
was enabled, at the first meeting, to get himself
and his nominees elected directors, and assume
the entire management of the road. The
result answered his expectations. Regular divi-
dends were paid ; the stock rapidly rose, and is
now seldom in the market. The New York Cen-
tral maintained an intimate connection with the
Hudson River line, and as most of the freight came
from the West, the lion's share of the traffic passed
over that road. Mr. VANDERBILT, instead of
the ordinary competition, adopted the bold mea-
sure of buying up the Hudson River Road, and thus
settling all disputes. His own wealth had been
largely increased by the rise in the Harlem stock, and
his friends, encouraged by this success, backed him
in the enterprize. The majority of the shares were
purchased, and when the shareholders met to elect
directors, Mr. VANDERBILT'S was found to be the
controlling influence. Both branches were now in
the hands of this monopolist, who was then brought
face to face with the more powerful interest of the
New York Central. The lines, when under sepa-
rate control, had fallen a prey to the Central ;
united, they dictated the terms. But the mastery over
so powerful a corporation was not to be gained in
a day. The struggle was severe and protracted,
and Mr. VANDERBILT was again compelled to adopt
his former policy, and eventually succeeded in buy-
ing up the majority of the stock, voting himself into
the Presidency and assuming the control. In
doling with thin got line Mr, VANDERBILT

was aided by many of the old stockholders,
who were dissatisfied with the extravagance
and corruption of the former direction, and en'
couraged by the success which had attended this
Railway King's operations. Thus by these grand
moves this gentleman obtained the whole control of
one of the Grand Trunk roads between Lake Erie
and New York city. But these successive victories
only brought him to the gate of the citadel. 'le
control the traffic with the West he must control
the Erie, and to do that he must defeat the re'
doubtable Mr. DANIEL DREW. In Mr. DREW be
met an antagonist of almost equal ability, expert'
ence, shrewdness, and wealth. If Mr. VANDER.
BILT succeeded in absorbing the Erie he would the°
be in precisely the same position with regard to the
lines running west from Buffalo, as that in which,
he had been placed towards the New York Central
when he secured the two roads between Albany 110(1
New York. Thus a great interest was at once
thrown into the scale agab.st him. Nor was ttie
all. The most gigantic monopoly ever know°
would be in Mr. VANDERBLLT'S hands if he site.
cecd2 I in the project. Mr_ WASHBURN, of Wiej
consin, said in the House, that VANDERBILT 111855
that there should be but one management of the
roads between New York and the Great West, and
that he thought it fortunate that no man could life,
over a hundred years, otherwise he believed that
VANDERBILT would own the world during the neat
fifty years. A large portion of the public honestil
believe that such a monopoly would eventually
be. injurious to the interests of the nation, li°
matter how well-managed in the first instance, a°'
with these materials a very powerful oppositio°
was formed. On the other hand VANDEftaaT
received a great accession of strength from the
old shareholders of the Erie, who believed that
the management would be vastly improved under
his control, and who would gladly see Mr. DREG
ousted, considering that he had worked the road for
his private benefit, and not for the shareholders 5t
large. To understand the operations of the war' 1
is necessary to know the nature of stock-jobbing;
No fortunes are sufficiently large to command th
ready money necessary to buy great railway line;
The shares bought and paidfor are usedassecurity°
further loans, and the sums thus procured are e°11;
ployed in the purchase of fresh stock, which is agairo
deposited as security with banks and money-101'3%1
for further loans. The lender only advances al'eo
two -thirds of the market value of the stock, so tl3O
in each transaction aportion of the borrower's coPho
is absorbed. If Erie shares are quoted at $6O, the
banks would at most advance on each but $451 a/31;
if the market price declined to $5O they would c$
in the difference, so as to leave the margin the slated
After the VANDREBILT party had been cominitthe
to large purchases at the highest, it was the
interest of the DREW party to throw tbo
shares down to the lowest point, exhausting
of
resources and lessening the borrowing power
It
the enemy on the shares they had purchased•
tat
market became Mr. DREW'S object to deluge
market with stock, and for this reason the sod
shares, amounting to $10,000,000, were issued for
forced for sale. Besides, the money obtained do,
them threw a large sum into Mr. DREW'S 13313,0
and by suddenly withdrawing that money to,
circulation, he at the same time depressed the silweif,
and created in the market an. artificial stringolf ter •
thus doubling Mr. VANDERBILT'S difficulties.
establishing his headquarters in Jersey City g°o,
now nicknamed Fort Erie, DREW procured the Poo
sage of an Act through the Jersey Legislator° to
the 19th March, allowing the Erie Railway
013
ito
transact its business in New Jersey, and to have to
office established there, which gives him a leg
status a New York Court cannot gainsay. .00
has also procured the introduction of a bill ling
the New York Legislature legalizing everYtvbrie
(including the over-issue of shares) which the
,rite
directors have taken upon themselves to do. ;If
disgraceful spectacle is now witnessed, not ton
of the notoriously corrupt Legislatures comPeiol
with each other for the bribes of the roe
kings, but the Courts actually following oo
example. DREW is known to hold at fv oit
Erie" $5,000,000 in greenbacks, while VANDEIIii 00
is pushed to his wits' end fur the funds to earl to'
the war. The Legislatures, therefore, incline tio
wards the eight millions of ready money. °clst,
20th March the Jersey Legislature visited the bd
rison, and were sumptuously entertained 011 )30
one of the comiTany's steamers. DREW keeps 'l',3 tbe
and ward at " Fort Erie," as STANTON does
voo
War Office, both, victims of constant alarms. uod,
Jersey city was thrown into a fever fit of pre rP,
don when the police and militia were music
it i 0
barricades thrown up, and cannon loaded• 00
asserted that the VANDERBILT party control 2Outio
shares of the Erie stock, which would give otion
the majority ; but they are helpless till the eieja
of directors, which will come off in October• the
the meantime these operations have affectedoo
money market in New York 4 , and there has 0.4
material rise in the rate of interest. Indeed, 1.'006
proposed that the Treasury should at once issue
Three per Cent. Certificates issued by Contior
but this was vetoed by a meeting of the Cle3'ortecl
house, when 31 Banks opposed, and 24 suPP
the motion. hel
The officers of the Erie Railway have Pei)
the following statement : oaf
" Office of Erie Railway Company, JerSeY
March 26th, 1868.
‘‘ To the Public— toj
" The report in some of the morning papers',oo,
have originated at Albany, that the one hundred t" `sera
shares of now stock of the Erie Railway C01110°1,4 ori
issued without the surrender of an equal amotioteedg°o
vertible bonds previously issued, and that tho Pr°sol,
the bonds so issued wore not paid into the Tre3
•
entirely without foundation. ertlo
ib
" The truth is that the whole amount of c°ll,olll/4
bonds-510,000,000—was issued, as we believe,
a_oary
and sold, and the proceeds were paid into the troise;
the company and not a dollar of the stock has been :4
except upon the surrender of an equal amount
vertible bonds.

"JOHN S. ELDRIDGE, 0 rOSO9°.
"D. DREW, Treasurer."

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Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloPllaost
to which, without authority Baron Liebig's name is
ciously attached , 1138:/o. 1
In tins at Is. lid.; 1 lb., 2s 9d.; 2 lbs., 4s. 6d,;Co,an'
121b5., 228.; 24 lbs., 40s.—BA.itair Du BARRY an„",, plead rivf
Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason, sin
and at 61, Graceehurch-street; 4, Cheapside; 63,
Oxford-street; 330. Strand and all grocers and elle'"
Births. so°
a,,r-Cfe
AGUILAR —On the 11th inst at 17, Gloucesw ice
Hyde-park, Mrs. Aguilar, of a son.
LOVEGROVE —On the 11th inst., at Down°, —l3nt, 0'
of Charles Lovegrove, Esq., of a son. the
PHILIP'S—On the 11th inst., at 47, Eaton-00'1

Mrs. Philip, of a daughtei, stillbOrn.
Marriages. oltceo
COOKE STANLEY—On the 12th inst ,at the Pa"s
ifainpstead, Francis G. B. V. Cooke, Esq., y,
Elizabeth, only child of the late Major Staulel: le!
WILSON —BLACKWELL—On the 11th inst., at 0,800(
Kennington, Charles Clarke, eldest son of 1?;3-0)5b
Esq., of Clapton, to Margaret Christina, third
of James A. Blackwell, Esq., of Kennington.
Deaths.
BALMAIN —On the 10th inst,,
.it
Ifockliffo, Leig`vC
zard, Fletcher Norton B"a 1 'main, te tf° Nr'ilf"S).°
rat
aged 86. 0 15°
COP F.LAND —On Easter Day, at Russell Farr0,,..,0r4,
'forts, William Taylor Copeland, Esq., for il'eecl
too
39 years au Alderman of the City of Loudon, '1.0,74
CONE—On Easter Day, at 1, Stanley-terrace, IC-e°
park, Philip Smith Coxe, Esq., aged 53- sv.Cileett
CLARKE On the 11th inst., at Tottenham, gr',te's
of the firm of Evans and Clarke, Bishorso-
JofoCi
ae 65.
JOYCE; On the 11th inst., at Croydon, 3,1 r. -Ea'ra _net'
aged 66.
EIGBY—On Easter Day, at Moss House, Oar
James Rigby, Esq., aged 63.
13 5,
AS4
London : Printed and Published by WILLIANI - ,G.l j
i
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tan SUN O'•"- - 000
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the
laiddlesex.—Tuesday, April 14, 1868.

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