The Sun.
London, England, 1850-03-28 00:00:00

N° 17 943.] LONDON, THURSDAY r
le
art
!".4 S ig7
.r 'A; =';'! MARCH •28, 18,50.

PUBLICATIONS.

NOTICE.
READING for the HOLID AY S.
THE FOLLOWING NEW WORKS
Mare Just been published by Mr. COLBURN, and may be had at all
tho Libraries.

I.
Mr. ELIOT WARBURTON'.S New Historical Romance, " RE
GINALD HASTINGS." 3 vols.

MEMOIRS of a HUNGARIAN LADY. Cemprleag
HERESE Fall and
Interesting Details of the War in Hanory. By T
PLILSZKY. 2 vols., 21s

111.
The New Novel, " PRIDE and IRRESOLUTION." By the Au,
,hor of " The Discipline of Life." 3 vole.
IV.
LEAVES from a LADY'S DIARY of her TRAVELS in BAR
BA 07. 2 vels , 21s.

V.
EVELYN'S DIARY' and CORRESPONDENCE. Now, Revised,
and Cheaper Edition. Vol. 11. 10s. Gd.
YI.
=The SCOTTISH CAVALIER. An Historical Romance. By the
Author of " The Gordon Highlanders," Szc. 3 vols.
VII.
REVELATIONS of PRINCE TALLEYRAND. By M. COL-
MACHE, the Prince's Private secretary., Cheaper Edition. Ivo].
10s. 6d.

VIII.
LIVES of the PRINCESSES of ENGLAND. Ey lire. EVERETT
GREBS. 9 vole., 213.

Ix.
The New Naval Novel, "The PETREL." By a Naval Ofllc.v
3 vols.

X.
The LIFE of TASSO. By the Rev. R. MILMAN. 2 vols., 21s.
XI.
SAM SLICK'S " OLD JUDGE ; or, Life ii a Colony." Cheaper
Edition. 1 vol. 10s. Gd.

111.
The WILMINGTON'S. By the Author of "Emilia Wyndham,"
Ice. 3 ♦ols.

XIII.
ADVENTURES of a GOLDFINDER. Writthn by Himself. 3
vols

XIV.
PASSAGES in the LIFE of Mrs. MRARET MAITLAND, of
Sunny Side. Written by Herself. SeconA G d Edition. 3 vols.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

ELEGANT PRESENT FOR EASTER.
SIR JOHN FRANKLIN AND THE ARCTIC VOYAGERS.
This day, at all the Booksellers, in small ave., with Pm trait of Sir
John Franklin, and beautitnl Maps of the Polar Regions, 10s.

bound,
NARRAT I V E OF
ARCTIC DISCOVERY,
From the Earliest Period to the Present Time ; with the details of
the Measures adopted by her Majesty's Government for the relief of
the Expedition under
By Sir John Franklin.
JOH S J. SIIILLIIsTGLAIV.
IV. Shoberl, Publisher, 20, Great Marlborough-street.

RASER'S MAC
Price 2e. 6d., or by
1. Spanish LiteraLare.
2. Operatic and other Blusical

;.-AZINE for APRIL,
pest, 35., contains
6. Kilda d'Ehronburg.
7. A Batch of Biographies.
S. The Peace Campaigns of En-
sign Faunce. Concluded.
9. Recent Hungarian Books.
10. Thoughts in Rhyme. By the

Matters.
3. Thomas Carlyle and john

Howard.
4. Leaves from th• Note-book of
a Naturalist. Part IV.
b. 'Unpublished Letters from Ge-
neral Conway to Horace
Walpole.
London : John W. PI

late John Starling.
11. Poor-laws in Ireland.

:arker, West Strand.

NATION AL REFORM ASSOCIATION.
PABSIDENT—Sir J./21111 k WALMS'LEY, M.P.
TIEASURBZ —William Arthur Wilkinson, Esq.
Barium. —Messrs . Prescott, Grote, and Co., Offices, 11, Poultry.
Subscriptions of .£1 and upwards to the £IO,COO Fund for 1350.
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Subscriptions will be received a
,wrote, and Co., Threndneedle•strel
By order of th,

at the bankers', Messrs. Prescott
:et; or at the ofdces, 11, Poultry.
le Council,
TIIO3. EGGS, Secretary.
----..--....

FRAISIPTON'S PILL of HEALTH.
Price Is. 114 d. per t sx.
This excellent Family rill is a medicine of long-tried efficacy for
correcting all disorders of the stomach and bowels, the common
symptoms of which are costiveness, flatulency, spasms,
less of appe-
tite,
sick headache, giddiness, sense of fulness after meals, dizziness
of the eyes, drowsiness, and pains in the stomach and bowels,:
producing a torpid state of the liver, and a consequent inac-
gestion,
tivity of the bowels, causing a disorganisation of every function of
the frame, will, in this meat excellent preparation, by a little perse-
verance, be effectually removed. Two or three doses will convince
the afflicted of its salutary effects. The stomach will speedily regain
its strength ; a healthy action of the liver, bowels, and kidneys will
rapidly take place; and instead of listlessness, heat, pain, and jaun-
diced appearance, strength, activity, and renewed health will bo the
quick result of taking this medicine, according to the directions ac-
companying each box.
As a pleasant, safe, easy apperient, they unite the recommenda-
tion of a mild operation with the most successful effect, and require
no restraint of diet or confinement dishy; their use ; and for elderly
people they will be found to be the most comfortable medicine hi-
therto prepared.
Sold by T. Front, 229, Strand, London. Price Is. 134 d. and 2s. 9d.
per box; also by the Vendors of Medicines generally throughout the
kingdom.
Ask for FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, and observe the
Wane and address of " MUM Prout, 229 Strand, Loudon," en the
GOVO/11110Ilt

TAIT'S ED INBURGII MAGAZINE.
All persons are cautioned against ;purchasing the Copyright
thereof, by whomsoever offered, the same having been sold in
February last to John Ilosack, Esq., and another, registered as
Proprietors thereof at Stationers' Hall, pursuant to Act of Parlia-
ment.

Apply t,) Mr. S. Fry, Walbrook-house, London,

11HE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION. REGENT-STREET.

During Passion Week
Sir Henry It. Bishop will Lecture en Sacred Music, with Vocal Il-
lustrations, on Monday and Wednesday, at Eight, and on Tues-
day, Thursday, and Saturday, at Three o'clock.—lllastrations or
Astronomy, by Dr. Bachhoffner, on Wednesday, at One o'clock.—
Dr. liachhoffner's Lecture on the Philosophy of Scientific Recreation,
Mornings and Evenings.—The Second Lecture on the Chemical
Relations of the Metals by J. H. Pepper, Esq.—Dissolving Views of
London in the Sixteenth Century, and as it now is, with a Descriptive
Lecture.—Also, a Series of Views of Rome.—Experiments with the
Diver and Diving-bell, &c., &c.
Admission, Is.—Schools, Half-price.
Analyses and Chemical Experiments conducted in the Laboratory,
ander the direction of J. H. Pepper, Esq.

ARGYLE SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS, Great
Windmill-street, St. James's.
_ _

Musical Director and Conductor, M. LAURENT, Jun.
This ACADEMY, for Tuition and Practice of DANCING, is
NOW OPEN for the Season. Teaching by Professors Calkins,
Moxey, and Franconi.
For Tends of Private Tuition apply at the office.—Terms of Sub-
scription, for morning and evening practice months, Si. Ss.;
one month, it. Is.; one evening, is. Subscribers' tickets not
transferable. _ .

The Academy will open for evening practice at a Quarter to Eight
o'clock, and terminate at Half-past Eleven precisely.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops,
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad,
and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 6, Were-street, Oxford-
street, London, arisi 68, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs.
Uarelay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen
and Merchants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in
sauce.
N.B. To guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA
and PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle.

Just published, price Ss., Five. in cloth,
ITRICTURE of the URETHRA; its Patho-
logy and Rational Treatment, with important Practical Ob-
servations on the Use and Abuse of Instruments in the Treatment
of Obstructions of the Urinary Canal ; showing how it is that Stric-
tures, in most cases, not only resist, but are aggravated by the ordi-
nary means adopted for their cure, and at length become seriously
complicated by the so-called "consequences of Stricture." The
whole Illustrated by numerous cases, which will be found to embrace
every possible form of Stricture and its consequences, together with
appropriate means of cure.
By F. B. COURTENAY,
Those who are labouring under long-protracted stricture, with all
its accompanying miseries, will find detailed in this work modes of
treatment adapted to such cases, the efficacy and superiority of
which have been tested by repeated practice; whilst these who
are suffering under the less severe forms of the disease may find
the means of prompt relief, and at the came time such information
as will protect them from becoming the victims of unskilful and
violent treatraent—the main-spring of severe and complicated ob•
structious of tho urinary canal. " The operation of introducing a
catheter through an impermeable stricture is, without doubt, the
most difficult in the whole range of surgical operations, and de-
mands all tile prudence, science, and skill of a master. The art
can only bo acquired. and that gradually, by frequent practice."—
Liston's Operative Surgery.
Published by 11. liailllBre, 219, Regent-street ; and may be had
of all booksellers in town and country.

I PROTECTIONIST MEETING AT
PONTEFRACT.
A numerous meeting of gentlemen, tenant-farmers,
• and others residing within the polling district of
Pontefract, took place on Saturday last, in the Pon-
. tefract Town•hall, for the purpose of adopting such
measures as might be deemed expedient, with a view
to rescue the agricultural interest from its present
state of depression, the alleged consequence of free-
trade measures.
On the proposition of Mr. G. D. MoxoN, seconded
by Mr. MICHAEL BENTLEY, of Knottingley, Mr.
. Croshaw, of Byram, was unanimously called to the
chair.
The CHAIRMAN having opened the proceedings with
an appropriate speech,
Mr. W. JEFFERSON, in a speech of some length,
proposed the following resolution :
" That this meeting views with the greatest alarm the
agricultural distress which at present pervades the whole
of Great Britain and Ireland, and which, if not checked,
must inevitably end.in the ruin of all who are interested
in the cultivation of the soil; and this meeting feels
convinced by practical experience that, notwithstanding
the mast vigorous efforts which may be made in agri-
cultural improvement, the farmers of this kingdom,
weighed down as they are by the heavy burdens falling
upon the land, will be unable to compete with the un-
taxed producers of foreign countries, and, that if the
present system of legislation continues, not only will
ruin fall upon those persons who are immediately inte-
rested in the cultivation of the soil, but also as a natural
consequence, the manufacturers, shopkeepers, workmen,
and labourers of all classes must be involved in the same
calamity."
Mr. W. B. PEItitAND, being called upon by the
chairman to second the resolution, rose and was re-
ceived with loud and reiterated applause. He said,—
Mr. Chairman, farmers, and inhabitants of the Pon-
tefract polling district, when the Free-traders in this
country a few years ago commenced a violent agita-
tion in favour of their favourite doctrine of free trade
in corn, Mr. Van Buren, the President of the United
States, when addressing the people of that great
country, told them that nothing could compensate a
nation for being dependent upon another for the food
which it consumed.--(Hear.) Some three or four
years ago Mr. Clay, an equally able man, told the
people of that country that free trade was a beautiful
vision. You have found it a dreadful reality.—
(Hear, hear.) And even among the manufacturers
themselves the bubble has burst.—(Hear, hear,
and applause.) In Lancashire they are closing their
mills and running short time. On this day fortnight,
in the town of Rochdale and its immediate neigh-
bourhood, 22 mills were entirely closed. (Hear,
hear.) IVe leave them to settle now in Lancashire
the practical results of free trade, even to the cotton
lords.—(Hear, hear.) But in what a state are you,
—not only the farmers of the Pontefract polling dis-
trict, but also in Great Britain and Ireland? You
no longer can
" lt,ee with the lark and sprightly hail the morn ;"
you now till a profitless soil ; your sweat drops
upon land which gives no longer a fruitful return to
you.—(Hear, hear.) The more you till, the more you
cultivate, the deeper you sinls into ruin.—(llear,
hear.) Under these circumstances, you have met
here to-day to assert the right of every free-born
Englishmen, and to consult what steps you should
adopt to save you from this impending ruin. And
here let me call your attention for a few moments to
your present position, when standing before the
public of this enlightened empire. In 18.11, when
Sir Robert Peel was bidding against the Whigs for
popular favour—the Whigs who offered you an Bs.
fixed duty upon all foreign corn, he told you in his
Tamworth manifesto, as he told the people of the
whole united empire, that no farmer, with the burdens
and taxation upon land and the burdens upon his
common country, could produce wheat under 565. a
quarter.—(Hear, hear)—and I have carefully watched
his career since he became a base and unprincipled
renegade, to find whether he ever alluded to that de-
claration either in the House of Commons or out of
it. He never has done so.—(Hear, hear.) He knew
as well as either you or I that no farmer can produce
it in this country at a less price.—(Hear, hear.) Well,
you believed him. The people of this empire be-
lieved him.—(Cries of " We did believe him.")
They placed him in the Ilouse of Commons with a
glorious majority of 91, to carry out protection
ani not free trade.—(Bear, hear, and applause.)
As soon as he had seated himself in the office of Prime
Minister, to ease the country from its awful position
at that time, he proposed to the people of this coun-
try the property and income-tax, but pledged his
word and honour, as a statesman, that it should only
last for three years.—(llear, hear.) The Members
of Parliament believed his assertion ; they voted for
it ; they saddled themselves and the people of this
country with those extra burdens—the income and
property tax, to rescue the country from the terrible
position to which it had been reduced under Whig
misrule.—(Hear, hear.) But before the three years
passed—uncalled-for, undemanded, and unexpected—
Sir Robert Peel took off the duty upon cotton to the
amount of 600,0001. per annum—(Hear, hear)—to
loosen, as he said, the springs of industry. When
asked to do-something for the farmers, he shook his
head and said nothing; and the Manchester cotton
lords laughed in their sleeves, ridiculed his folly, and
thanked him for presenting to each of them 1,0001. a
year. " Well," he said, " you have got your pro-
tection—your sliding scale to protect you from the
introduction of foreign corn into this country.
Therefore, I think I am justified in giving the cot-
ton spinners this 600,000/." lie did so; but he
said, " I pledge my word that I mean to stand
by protection to agriculture."—(Hear, hear.)
Well, in a very short time, to the amazement
of the whole country, he brought in his Bill to repeal
the corn law.—(A. voice----" Ile is a traitor.") He
said at the time that it was the "unadorned elo-
quence " of Mr. Cobden which induced him to dc
it.—(Laughter.) Yes, he has been laughed at and
ridiculed for making use of that expression. I think
he has been ill-used by the public, because it was the
unadorned eloquence of Mr. Cobden which did it ;
but what was that unadorned eloquence ? It was Mr.
Cobden's celebrated speech in the House of Commons.
—(Hear, hear.) Scarcely had the grave closed upon
Sir Robert Peel's private secretary, Mr. Drummond,
who was murdered in the streets of London by a
man who had hardened his heart by listening to Anti-
Corn-law League advocates, and who meant his victim
to be Sir Robert Peel himself, when Mr. Cobden
stood up in the House of Commons, and in language
unmistakeable gave Sir Robert Peel to understand
that
Sirhew Robertouldbe feelheld personally
and in a
onally responsible by the
people of this country, it he refused to repeal the corn-
law.speech
de n
7gavewhich
told with stunning influence upon M r. Cobden,
him such a castigation as he will never forget to the
last moment of his life. Well, but what said Sir
Robert Peel now ? " Oh" he said, the other day in
the House of Commons, "it was the famine that made
me repeal the corn •laws ?" It was not the
unadorned eloquence of Mr. Cobden it was
the famine.— (Hear, hear.) Well, to use the
language of our worthy chairman and Mr. Jefferson,
not exactly the language, but I will go further and
say that when Sir Robert Peel made use of that lan-
guage he either proved himself to be the most heart-
less wretch or the greatest fibber that ever stood upon
the face of the earth.---(Hear, and cheers.) The
famine ! Why his own sliding scale under a system
of famine in this country would have introduced
foreign corn at a nominal duty of Is. a quarter; but
his Bill to repeal the corn-laws placed upon foreign
corn a fixed duty of 103. a quarter for three years.—
(Hear, and cheers.) Therefore, to prevent foreign
corn coming into this country in a period of famine,
he placed a fixed duty of 10s. upon it instead of a no-
minal duty of ls.—(llear.) But, I always notice
how sensitive Sir R. Peel is when attacked out of
doors for his base and unprincipled apostasy. He
watches the opportunity when the Whigs are likely
to be hard pressed in the Ilouse of Commons, when
the division is sure to be rather close he stands upon
the floor of the House in opposition to Lord John
Russell, and talks about the purity:of his motives, the
honesty of his principles—and then he sits down. Up
rises Lord John Russell, not knowing which way to
go, and he speaks to his character. " He is amazed at
the Right Hon, Baronet feeling so sensitive. He is sure
he acted upon the purest and most honourable principles
and motives, and be hopes he will not take any
further notice of any further attacks made upon
him." Well, and they go into the same lobby toge-
ther—(Hear, hear, and laughter,)—Lord John
Russell all the time in his conscience despising Sir R.
Peel, and prepared, if the country only backed him
with sufficient determinatiyn and support, to place a
fixed duty of Bs. a quarter upon foreign corn.—
(Hear, hear, and loud applause.) I know that
what I say is true. But now let us turn to the Free-
traders. They asked three years' trial for their grand
free-trade system. Mr. Cobden declared that England
before three years were over would take the world in
its wake.—(Hear, hear.) Well, there was to be uni-
versal prosperity. I ask the Free-traders to show me
any little petty state, any principal district that has
been dragged into its wake. Every little state that
has the welfare of its people at heart looks down with
amazement on the ignorance, the folly, the stupidity,
and the madness of the English nation.—(Hear, hear.)
-Why, agriculture now is sinking into ruin with strides
more rapid and more fearful than in a quarter of a
century can be retraced back again to a state of pros-
perity. What is the price of wheat ?-235. a quarter

less than Sir R. Peel declared the farmers of
this country could grow it for—(Hear, hear)—
barley 15s. less ; oats 103. less ; butter half the
price for which it can be produced ; meat, 2s. a
stone less than what it can be fed for.—(Hear, hear.)
Timber is half the price it was under protection.
Bark is one third the price. Willows (and I believe
you grow willows here) are half price—(Hear, hear)
—and I heard your Member, Mr. Monckton Milnes,
in the House of Commons, make a most eloquent
speech in defence of protection. He said that about
half his constituency would be ruined if the duty
were taken off foreign willows.—(Hear, hear,
laughter, and an exclamation of "He is a great
grower of willows.") But what has been the result
of free trade in cattle ? Tens of thousands of far-
mers in Great Britain and Ireland have almost been
ruined by disease being introduced amongst their
cattle.—(Hear, hear.) But amidst all this misery
and suffering, what are the farmers told ?—(Hear,
hear.) We are told, as Mr. Jefferson says, that we
are only in a state of transition. Transition ! Where
to ? From our gree❑ fields to the back settlements
of America ; from our comfortable homesteads to the
union workhouse ; from full purses to empty purses;
from a state of prosperity to ruin.—(Hear, hear.)
And now, gentlemen, what is our present position ?
Parliament has been sitting two months. It has
decided by a majority of 119 that the corn laws
shall not be re-enacted. I am not surprised at it,
for it was a free-trade Parliament ; but filet us
see another general election, and then we will
find whether the corn laws are to be re-enacted or

no.—(Hear, hear, and loud applause.)—Parliamen

has decided by a narrow majority of 21 that the agri-
culturists' burdens shall not be reduced. Well, it is
high time for us to look to it, and we are assembled
here to-day to do it. I will show you how to do it.
We have opposed to us the Lancashire cotton-spin-
ners, who are known as the Manchester school. They
have a number of hired agitators—Cobden received
his three guineas a day and travelling expenses—
(Hear, hear, and laughter)—who have gone through
the country, and are prepared to go through it again,
to stir up a bad feeling amongst the different classes
of this country against each other.—(Hear, hear.)
We have a Whig Government opposed to us at pre-
sent; but, mark my words, that if the country speaks
out, and most unmistakeably, so as to convince Lord
John Russell that he is backed by the feeling of this
country—not looking upon:the manufacturing districts
of Lancashire and Yorkshire as the whole of Great
Britain and Ireland—backed by the general voice of
this country, he is prepared to re-impose a duty upo❑
foreign corn.—(Applause, and an exclamation of "No
doubt of it.") Then we have Sir R. Peel, who tells
us that he feels deep sympathy for the agriculturists,
and he lays his hand upou his heart in the House of
Commons when he says so.—(Laughter.) He says he
hopes never to live to see protection restored. I tell you
that his life is in your hands if you choose. It' you
will follow the advice, farmers of Great Britain and ,

Ireland, which I shall give to you, in two years you
will see protection restored.—(Cheers.) Mr. Cobden,
in his speech at Leeds in December last, said that if
the farmers and the landed proprietors of this country
attempted to get up petitions or address Parliament
and the Queen in favour of the restoration of protec-
tion, he would take up his abode in Yorkshire, stir up
a rebellion, and make the farmers and landed pro-
prietors compound for their existence.—(A Voice—
" Let him try it.") That is plain language, and was
used at Leeds, within a stone's throw of the place
where lam now addressing you. Now, I am going
to take him at his word, and will see if we cannot make
the cotton lords compound for their existence. Let
us see who the people are in this country that Cobden
says he'll make compound for their existence.—
(Hear, hear.) Ah !he is something like a tomtit on
a church steeple.—(Applause and much laughter.)
Why, the man must be mad. There are 200,000
landed proprietors ; and, let me tell you, that above
50,000 of these 200,000 landed proprietors possess less
than 30 acres of land, each of them.—(Hear, hear.)
Now, this is a body of men that are to compound for
their existence—not the rich aristocracy. There are
700,000 farmers, who, two years ago, possessed a
capital of 250,000,000/.—(Hear, hear.) . I should
like to see the cotton lords of Lancashire weighed up.
I will stake my existence that three-fourths of them
could not pay ss. in the pound.—(Hear.) I know
that is a fact. Mr. Bright said the other day that
the great majority of the cotton-spinners had been
labouring men. (Hear, hear.) That shows how
rapidly they can make money by spinning cotton.
Now, the farmers of Great Britain have 3,000,000 of
labourers regularly employed under them, receiving
daily wages from the farmers. You have besides that
every profession and trade resident in the whole of
the agricultural districts. Now, let me ask you who
the people are that are going to make us compound
fur our existence ? I tell you there are those 600
cotton-spinners, and Cobden at their head ; a few
more hired agitators—the man who "has whistled at
the plough," who was whistled out of the army with
a cat-o'-nine-tails at his back ; you have some twenty
political parsons that would side with them because
they hate the institutions of the country—they want
to down with the church and uproot the monarchy.
--(Hear, hear.) Mr. Bright at Manchester one day
had the audacity to say that a republic would be as
beneficial here as in America, and then he talked
about the cheapness of it. Why, Lord John Russell
talked about low prices, and he said, "It seems to me
that low prices are introducing low views." Yes, and
he might have added, " low practices, low principles,
and low men into power."—(Hear, hear.) Now,
lam going to give you some advice ; and if the
landed proprietors, farmers, and labourers, and pro-
fessions and trades depending upon them, will adopt
the advice that I am now going to give, it is my firm
belief that protection will be restored in less than two
years, and the cotton lords, and I believe Mr. Cobden
himself, will petition for it to he restored. Now, far-
mers, and men of the Pontefract polling district, I
advise you to convene a meeting in this town of all
the landlords, clergy, freeholders, barristers, attor-
neys, physicians, surgeons, bankers, land surveyors,
wine merchants, spirit merchants, innkeepers, beer
sellers, builders, joiners, masons, mercers, linendra-
pars, tailors, butchers, bakers, grocers, druggists ve-
terinary surgeons, lime burners, saddlers, wheel-
wrights, cabinet makers, carpenters, ironmongers,
blacksmiths, nailmakers, tinners, farm implement
makers, corn-millers, tanners, shoemakers, horse
breakers, horse dealers, cattle dealers, seedsmen, gard-
eners, clock and watchmakers, glaziers, plumbers, brick-
makers, tilemakers, hatters, honnetmakers, glovers,
dressmakers, basketmakers, ropemakers, farm la-
bourers, and every person depending upon agricul-
ture. When assembled, tell them that they are de-
pendent upon you and your capital, upon your in-
dustry, upon the land you till—(llear, hear)—for all
their comforts, their prosperity, and advantages wt ich
they enjoy—(Hear, hear, and applause)—that your
ruin will speedily fall upon their heads ; that you
must all stand together or together fall; that you all
swim in the same boat; and that you are determined
that every trade or profession shall stand by you, and
that you are going to form a Wool League. Now,
then, farmers, there's more in that short proposition
than you are aware of. Let the farmers of Great
Britain and Ireland enter into a wool league, and vow
they will never again wear cotton if they can be
provided with woollen or linen goods, and in two
years the cotton. spinners of Lancashire will com-
pound.—(Loud cheers.) Yes, and notwithstanding
Mr. Cobden said he would make us compound for our
property and for our existence, I for one will pledge
myself here—let it be taken up throughout Great
Britain and Ireland—that cotton will be kept in
America—let wool be kept in England.—(Loud
cheers.) Who will you bare to back you ? The
South Down breeders of the south, the Highland
breeders in Scotland ; but, alas 1 from the consequences
of free trade 150,000 poor Highlanders are now starv-
ing to death. \Vales will come with you heart and
hand, with all her mighty mountaineers ; you will have
every sheep-breeder throughout Great Britain and
Ireland crying, " Hail, fellows, well met, but we are
now striking home !—(Loud cheers.) And, further,
you will have the woollen-manufacturers of the West
Rising themselves—they will cease to mix their nasty
cotton with their wool—they will have no occasion to
consume a million and a quarter of wheat in daubing
their nasty calico.—(Hear, hear.) And let me say
one word for the woollen manufacturers of Yorkshire.
They have never joined those Lancashire cotton lords
in their virulent and infamous attacks upon the landed
interest of this country.—(Hear, hear.) They are a
noble race of men, take them all in all, ever ready to
hold out the hand of hospitality and friendship to the
landed interest, ever ready to subscribe to the insti-
tutions of the country, Attritable as well as loyal,
whose motto, like ours, is "live and let live," and who
blushed with shame when they saw men engaged in
the trade of England so degrading themselves as to
subscribe money to send such foul-mouthed libellers
as Cobden to Parliament.—(Hear, hear, and ap-
plause.) But I may be told that the wool of this
country will not produce all the articles requisite for
the clothing of the people. It may not, but still if
necessity arises we can fall back upon flax and
linen. The linen trade of Ireland alone—that is the

linen and the oilcake trade—require 6,000,0001. of
capital to keep it in a state of existence. It requires
1,500,000 acres of land to produce the flax that is now
consumed in Ireland alone ; and, for God's sake, let
us see if we cannot hold out the right hand of good-
will to the Irish people, to enable them to keep their

labourers at home instead of overrunning England.—
(Hear, hear.) Perhaps when Lord John Russell
hears of this determination he may scout it and turn
it into ridicule. I warn him that the Duke of Bed-
ford put down the hair tax in England by wearing
cropped hair, when hair powder was almost as gene-
rally worn as cotton is now. In France they scarcely
manufacture cotton at all. Woollen lace is now chiefly
worn in Paris. Light woollen fabrics are used by
them for summer dresses, and for curtains, and heavier
woollen goods for winter. Some few months ego an
announcement came from America that there was to be
a short crop of cotton ; that raised your wool 3d. per lb.
Let 200 meetings of farmers take place throughout
Great Britain and Ireland, and let them pledge them •
selves to form a wool league, and before next
clipping time the price will be raised a further 6d.
per lb. When you employ your labourers now
throughout Great Britain and Ireland, let the cry
be " 11.001 for ever—you shall wear no cotton ;
and encourage tradesmen who scout cotton, who do
not allow it to enter into their shops.—(Applause.)
What farmer of you who farms 100 acres of land
would wear a cotton shirt if he were told he should
pay 1001. a year for wearing it ? Why, as soon
would I wear a perpetual blister as a cotton shirt.—
(Laughter and applause.) Now, before I leave this '
question I ask you, farmers of the Pontefract polling
district, to consider well the power you have in
your hands. When you return home discuss this
question with your wives and daughters ; say, of
what are your clothes composed ? You'll have a
short limit to cotton. Your grandmothers did not
wear cotton. They wore wool and Eeglish flax.
It is only about 70 years since cotton has been in-
troduced into this country as a great article of trade
—and where are we ? Why, it is cotton above, cot-
ton below, and cotton everywhere.—(Applause and
laughter.) You have been reminded that you are re-
presented now by Free-traders. Why, farmers of
Pontefract, the tradesmen of Pontefract exist by you
alone. If they send Free-traders and enemies of your
interest to Parliament why should you support them ?
—(Hear.) Let Mr. Milnes remember that he made
an eloquent speech in favour of protection to willows.
—(hear.) Let him remember that he came here
and was introduced into Parliament by talking protec-
tion ; but if he remains a free-trader where are you ?
I would sooner pick a torpid serpent from the high-
way and place it in my breast to warm it into life
and vigour than vote again for Mr. Milnes.—(Cheers.)
Look after it, farmers of Pontefract, and throughout
Great Britain and Ireland, the agricultural districts
have returned, as they almost unanimously will at
the next election, Members to sit in Parliament who
will vote for protection ; make them pledge,themselves
that if the cotton lords wish to keep up the present
great naval and military establishments at Hong-
Kong, in order that it may be able to sell their
cotton, that at least they shall pay the expense.—
(Hear, and applause.) Let them strike out the whole of
the expense that we have to pay for the establishment
at Hong-Koag, with Dr. Bowring as the Chief Commis-
sioner. Ah, he is a cunning doctor—l watched him
in Parliament for years, and I knew he had his
price. And remind your Members that 4,000,000/.
a year are now expended in keeping up the military
establishments in the colonies—colonies which once
were to Great Britain a support, but which are now
used to stab you to the heart and to destroy the
agricultural interest of England.—(Hear, hear.)
They merely exist now for the use of the cotton
lords, that they may send what they call their surplus
production to the colonies and elsewhere. It shall be
greatly increased very soon, if you will followjmy ad-
vice.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) A few words as to
the conduct of Ministers during the last few years.
The qualification of the Prime Minister of England
now is that he shall be possessed of a cotton soul.—
(Hear, hear, and laughter.) Honour, honesty, in-
tegrity, are never thought of. Cotton and base
apostasy are all that are required now to make a
Prime Minister of this kingdom. Every other inte-
rest is pooh-poohed away from Downing-street
when they go to complain. The agricultural inte-
rest say, " We bear more than our proper burdens—
for God's sake save us, or we perish." " Oh, but look at
the cotton districts—how flourishing they are. We
cannot do anything for you. We are very sorry in-
deed. Good day, Sir; good day."—(Laughter and ap-
plause.) Well, the shipping interest goes and says,
"You are going to destroy our prosperity." "Sorry
for you ; we have really a deep sympathy for you ;
but the cotton districts are very peaceable. There
are no outbreaks. We cannot do anything for you.
We must keep Lancashire quiet."—(Hear, hear.)
Then go the West India interest and make long
complaints. "Oh, we admit you have complaints ;
we are sorry to see you in such a position. Cannot
be helped. It is a lamentable case, but we cannot do
anything for you ; for if we did the cotton-spinners
of Lancashire would close their mills and tell their
hands to go and riot. We are obliged to keep Lan-
cashire quiet."—(Hear.) This is a true picture. It
is the way in which England has been governed for
the last 25 years, and I ask you if you will submit to
it any longer ?—(No, no, and applause.) This is
done for 600 cotton-spinners in Lancashire who dare
not hold an open meeting for fear their own people
should go in and oppose them. What are these men ?
They are men who turn their counting-houses into
their church ; their ledger is their Bible, and their
money is their god. They are men who spin slave-
grown cotton ; they insist upon sweetening their tea
with slave-grown sugar; they daub their calicoes,
to defraud the public, with slave-grown flour
paste ; they ,work their women factory slaves
15 hours a-day in an atmosphere more destructive
to human life than the climate of Sierra Leone ;
they are only prevented from working little children
to death by a stringent Act of Parliament.—(tlear,
hear.) They are themselves slaves of the devil, and
during the last seventy years the cotton trade of the
country has destroyed ten times more human beings
in England than the cholera has destroyed in the
whole of Europe.—(Hear, hear.) Now, gentlemen,
having gone through with some of the leading inte-
rests of this country, it is my intention to address my-
self to the labourers. And I call upon the labourers
of this country to pay due attention to what shall now
fall from my lips. 'I have fought their battle for
twenty-five years and more. I have spent thousands
in their service, and never received one sixpence as a
hired agitator.—(Hear, hear, and applause.) I can
have no object but that of their welfare. I employ a
few of them, and those I do employ I give more
wages to than others, but as a friend who has stu-
died deeply their interest for twenty-five years I call
upon them to listen to me.—(Hear, hear.) They
may fancy now that all is sunshine. Alas ! the sha-
dow of desolation is fast approaching. The cheap
food which they are now consuming is but the final
denier of labour's due reward. Truly may they say,
"Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we starve."
Yes, free trade is nothing but a heartless competition.
It is, indeed, true what Alderman Brooks said to me,
that "we are all for ourselves in this world"—
among Free-traders.—(Hear, hear.) They shake off
the awful responsibilities which attach to them as
Christian men, to observe the rules, the laws, and the
regulations laid down in that holy book the Bible;
they live as if the world was made for them, and as
if there was to be no future state. But let those
labourers now listen to me. Where are the poor,
wretched needlewomen of London ? There were in
the days of protection some 4,000 or .5,000 of them.
Three years of heartless competition has increased
their number to 30,000. The trade which free
trade has destroyed in this country has deprived
them of employment.—(Hear, hear.) Listen to
what Lord Dudley Stuart said the other day
in the House of Commons. Surely no man
can be a more rampant Radical than he is. He pre-
sented a petition from 2,000 or 3,000 journeymen
tailors of London, complaining of the grievances
felt by the men from the masters giving out their
work to the most wretched and destitute persons
and paying them miserable prices. Why, that is
free trade—buying in the cheapest markets and sel-
ling in the dearest.—(Hear, hear.) The next is a
petition from the factory workers, demanding pro-
tection for their labour.—(Hear.) And, oh / what a
sight has free trade made for Ireland. It is awful to
contemplate it. 200,000 farmers have already fled to
America. 100,000 labourers have sought shelter in
Great Britain, deprived of the means of existence at
home, ready to tear this cheap food out of your mouths,
and to struggle even to death to get employment in-
stead of you. I have been residing two months in
East Lothian. Oh, it is a fearful sight to behold that
once fruitful land. You cannot travel either high
roads or bye roads without meeting three or four
parties of destitute Irish, 'without sufficient clothing
to corer them.—(Hear.) A medical gentleman at
Haddington informed me that three years ago he
knew every Irish person there, whereas now one
quarter of the population is Irish. Now the farmers
are catching at straws to save themselves from ruin.
They are turning off their old Scotch labourers and
employing the Irish. They must do it or go to the
workhouse. Who can blame them for it ? If any
of you were to fall into a river you would catch at the
first straw to save you.—(Hear.) I attended a meet-
ing of the board of guardians the other day at Keigh-
ley, and the relieving officer stated that he had re-
ceived information that 114 Irish labourers had come
to live in the cottages there. Why, so fearful is the
competition in my own neighbourhood, that I was
told the other day that 17 unmarried men and un,