The Sun.
London, England, 1844-11-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOND.ON,__S_ATUR,DAY EVE N NOVEM BE R 9

CU uftT ditt3ULA.ll.

WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—The Queen held a Privy
Council shortly before three o'clock this afternoon; at
the Castle. It w,g,_attended b4r his -11,04 Plotogi
gri:Oe6 3it Robert Peel, First Lord of the
Treasury ; Sir James Graham, Secretary of State
for the Home Department; the Right Hon. Henry
Goulburn, Chancellor of the Exchequer; the Right,
Hon W. E. Qledetonts; Fit6idtiiit of the Board of
; Lord Granville Somerset, Chancellor of the
Duchy' of Lancaster; the Earl of Liverpool, Lord.
Steward; and the Earl Delawarr, Lord Chamberlain.
At the Council her Majesty was pleased to confirm
the report of the Judicial Committee on Lord Dun-
donald's Patent.

Mr. C. Greville was the Clerk of the Council in
V.aiting._ .

Her 'Majesty was attended by Lady Portman, Lady
in Waiting; the Earl of Morton, Lord in Waiting;
awl Captain Meynell, Groom in Waiting. The
Prince was attended by Colonel Wylde, Equerry in
Waiting.
Sir R. Pcel, Sir J. Graham, the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, Lord G. Somerset, and Mr. Gladstone,
arrived at the Castle from town to attend the Council.
After the Privy Council, Sir J. Graham, the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Gladstone, Lord G.
Somerset, and Mr. C. Greville, took their departure
from the Castle for the Slough station of the Great
Western Railway, travelling to town by a special
train.

Sir Robert Peel remains at the Castle, on a visit to
her Majesty.
This morning the Queen and Prince Albert went
to the riding-school for equestrian exercise, attended
by Colonel Wy lde. Her Majesty left the Castle with
Prince Albert in a pony carriage, and returned on
horseback.

The showery and uncertain state of the weather
prevented the Royal Family from taking their accus-
tomed airings to-day.
Colonel Arthbuthnot left the Castle for town this
morning, and is expected to return to dinner.
Vice-Admiral Sir -William Parker, G.C.8., arrived
this evening on a Visit, on his return from the Chinese
Seas.

Captain Francis Seymour had the honour of join-
ing the royal circle at the Castle at dinner this
evening.

lisSereno Highness Prince Ernest of Hesse Phi-

lippstahl left Penion's Hotel, St. James's-street, on a
visit to her Majesty the Queen Dowager, at Whitley
Court, Worcestershire. _ _ _

Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge
and the Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh
Strelitz visited the Duchess of Gloucester yesterday,
at Gloucester House.

had Thane QinutenernvisewAd:iocthati‘eira.nGdlatdhsetoSnonliycintost,er-rGdaey,
neraatl
the office of the Board of Trade.
Sir R. Peel arrived at his residence in Whitehall-
gardens yesterday morning from Brighton, and after-
wards proceeded to Windsor Castle.
Sir David Davies arrived in town yesterday even-
ing from Witley Court, Worcestershire, the residence
of her Majesty the Queen Dowager.
Dispatches for the Governor of New Zealand were
sent off yesterday evening from the Colonial-office.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in town
yesterday, from Becchworth House.

HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO BUR-
LEIGH HOUSE.
NORTHAMPTON, FRlDAY.—Preparations are being
made in every town in Northamptonshire through
which the Queen will pass en route to Burleigh
House, to give her Majesty a welcome and loyal re-
ception.
On Wednesday last it was officially announced to
the Mayor of this borough, that her Majesty would
pass through the town on Tuesday next.
A public meeting of the inhabitants was held at
the Town-hall this morning at eleven o'clock, for the
purpose of adopting measures for establishing a dis-
pensary as a permanent memorial of the visit of her
most gracious Majesty the Queen to this town. A
spirited subscription was entered into to carry out the
object. Upwards of 3001. was collected at the meet-
ing, and a committee was formed to collect further
subscriptions. The dispensary will be called the
Victoria Dispensary.
There will be a public dinner on Tuesday, at the
Angel, the Mayor in the chair, and on Wednesday
evening there will be a ball at the George Assembly-
rooms.

Her Majesty will be met at Weedon by the Lord-
Lieutenant of the county, the Marquis of Exeter,
and the High Sheriff, Sir Henry Dryden, and will
be received by a guard of honour formedi by the
troops at present quartered there. The Lord-Lieu-
tenant and the High Sheriff will accompany her
Majesty to Northampton, where the Mayor and cor-
poration will meet her Majesty, and escort her
through the town in the procession, accompanied by
the clergy and gentry of the borough and neigh-
bourhood.
A county meeting has been convened by the High
Sheriff, and is to be held to-morrow at the County-
hall in this town, for the purpose of adopting such
measures as may be agreed upon to demonstrate the
loyal feelings of the inhabitants of the county generally
on the occasion of her Majesty's visit.
At a meeting of the Town Council of Stamford on
Tuesday last it was resolved that the council should
in procession meet the Queen at the borough boun-
dary on the road to Wothorpe, in which direction she
will enter the town, and passing round the corner of
Dr. Arnold's house in St. Martin's, will after proceed-
ing a few yards enter at the gates of the Marquis of
Exeter's park ; so that the royal cavalcade will
scarcely at all be seen in Stamford, and not pass ten
houses in the towu. A hope is felt that her Majesty
may on a subsequent day honour the inhabitants by
showing herself in the borough.—A public meeting
was held at the Town-hall on Wednesday, and was
attended by upwards of 200 respectable persons, by
whom it was resolved to unite with the council in the
procession to meet the Queen and the Prince on the
Wothorpe-road, and in dutiful addresses to the royal
pair. A subscription for enabling the poor to rejoice
on the occasion of the Sovereign's presence was en-
tered into, towards which the Rev. Nicholas Walters
was empowered:to contribute 501. in the name of the
Marquis of Exeter, " for entertaining the school chil-
dren and the poor of the several parishes of Stamford
and St. Martin's."
Great preparations are making by the Marquis of
Exeter for the reception of the Queen. All the
tenantry, amounting to 400, have received orders to
meet at Wakerleyford-bridge, at three o'clock in the
afternoon of the 12th, to escort her Majesty to Bur-
leigh, and the tenantry will afterwards dine at the
different public-houses in Stamford, at his Lordship's
expense. Triumphal arches will be erected on
different parts of the Marquis's;property ; one of them,
from a very elegant design by Mr. Charles Richard-
son, is to span the west entrance to the hamlet of
Wothorpe. The christening at Burleigh is to take
place on Wednesday ; the cake, made by Mr. Oswin,
of Stamford, is about four feet in circumference, and
weighs nearly 601b5., without the silver ornaments
whith which it is tastefully decorated.—Stamford
Mercury.
It is generally understood that Earl Fitzwilliam's
hounds will meet at Burleigh on one of the days on
which Prince Albert will be there, in order to afford
his Royal Highness an opportunity of hunting with
one of the best packs in the kingdom.—lbid.
PETERBOROUGH.—We understand that our ines-
timable Bishop (Dr.Davys) has been requested by the
Marquis of Exeter to administer the rite of baptism
to his infant daughter at Burleigh next week, on the
occasion of the Queen's visit.—lbid.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHI-
THEATRE (BATTY'S).
A performance of a novel and ingenious character
took place at this theatre on Wednesday evening, for
the second time in this country, it being modestly
announced in the list of the acts of horsemanship as
" the appearance of Toby, the horse of the Manege."
A rider, dressed in the costume of the day, enters the
arena on horseback in the ordinary manner, and takes
the horse through a variety of evolutions, of which it
would be extremely difficult to give a just description.
The horse commences by trotting slowly, and with a
pause between each action of the legs, preserving the
most perfect equilibrium, and appearing scarcely to
touch the ground. The delicacy of this action (the
French call it le piaffe) is perfect—the repose of
horse and rider is marvellously complete. There
is no blundering, no false step, no disregard of
time, no violent contortions. Above all, there
is not that lavish outlay of whip or spur which
too frequently accompanies exhibitions of the
kind. The obedience of the horse is so complete,
that he and his rider seem to be one machine,
and to possess but one will. This movement is suc-
ceeded by another, equally graceful and extraordinary,
but which, to be appreciated, requires more critical
equestrian knowledge than is, we fear, usually to be
met, even in an Astley's audience. We think that a
short description of the chief merits of the movement
—the gallop forwards, sideways, in fact in every con-
ceivable direction—the change of the legs in the gal-
lop at the direction of the rider—(that ne plus ultra of
equitation)—all done with the strictest observance of
the musical accent—might be given either viva voce
during
the performance, or in the bills, and would
materially enlighten the unintiated.
Too much praise cannot be given to the rider, Mr.
Davis.

At the Cirque Olympique, in Paris, M. Baucher,
the originator of this new school, has been the chief
attraction for some years by a similar exhibition
There, however, it wears a more philosophical aspect
than might be supposed, and the result of many years'
anxious study, which at first served only to amuse, at
length attracted the attention and official inquiry of
the French Government, and we believe that the sys-
tem of M. Btitteher is now, or very shortly will be,

adopted throiighout tie French army, for the training'
of the horses. Mdlle. Caroline, who appeared in Eng,
larid some time since, was a pupil of M. Baucher, and
iode tioig triiined, by hiril ; littt her performance
was less classical, and had in it more of the arts of the
arena, and less of the severity of the school, than that
of Mr. Davis.

TRIAL OF GENERAL PRIM.
(From the Castellano.)
After a general preamble, in which the dangers or
conspiracy are laid down and the necessity of punish-
ing accomplices enforced, the Procurator-Fiscal thus
states the charges against the accused :
" Don Joaquim Albenez, one of the conspirators, with
the view of tranquillising his conscience, and without
having b en urged to do so by any one, and of his own
proper will, revealed spontaneously to his Excellency
Don Ramon Maria Narvaez. in the two communications
which have just been read to the Council of War, the
horrible conspiracy which was prepared, and which was
ready to break out at Madrid and in the other capital
cities of the kingdom. The assassination of the first
authorities was to be the commencement and signal of
the bloody drama which these monsters sent from hell
were about to execute in sacrificing innumerable victims.
The discovery of arms and ammunition, the declarations,
and everything else, have come to confirm the truth of
the above-mentioned communication. The persons
in arrest at this moment, in consequence of
this accusation, are to the number of nine, to
wit, General Don Juan Prim, Don Ventura
Ortega, Don Ramon Sans, and MM. Ferrier,
Maria Fernandez, Montenegro, Garcia, and Melia. It
.tesults from the insurrections that the first, the Count of
Reus, is the chief who directed the whole conspiracy.
Albenez acknowledged this frankly. Tomas says in his
declaration that he was solicited by Prim to gain over the
soldiers of his regiment in order to aid the plan. The
witnesses Felice and Don Miguel Iluguet confirm this.
There:exists, besides, a proof against the accused that he
gave his two carabines in order to execute the assassi-
nation, and to arm the revolutionists. The proof of this
is complete. It appears from the declarations of Simon
Gomel., of Manuel Araguas, and of Don Pascal Rous-
sonlieres, that the carabines belonged to the Count do
Reus, but for greater certainty we nave the declaration
of the Count himself, who recognised them as belonging
to him. This conduct on the part of the Count
do Reus has nothing astonishing in it, • for when
the judge of the first instance at Rens gave him
notice that placards had been posted in that town
which excited the people to revolt against the Govern-
ment, the accused answered that the writers of the
placards were in the right. It is proved by the declara-
tion of Hug•uet, Felice, and Albenez, that Don Ventura
Ortega, Don Ramon Sans, co-operated in the plan, of
which the Count do Reus was the chief. Don Miguel
Ferrer, another of the conspirators, denim everything.
He says that he knows neither Montenegro nor Molia.
Yet the son of this last declares, that Ferrer came to
their house twice on the 24th of October. Carlos Mar-
tinez, Ferrer's servant, affirms, that he saw Manuel
Marin entering his master's house. Manuel Marin also
says, that he does know Ferrer, Molia, Fernandez, and
Montenegro ; and, according to the declaration of this
last, they served together in the Municipal Guard. Pen-
salva declares that Marin was at Molia's house on the
night of the 24th, which confirms the statement of this
latter person's son. According to the declarations of Al-
benez Callisti, Fernandez also was in the plot. Nicolas
de la Barrere Montenegro, another conspirator, waited
for Albenez in the place fixed for their meeting. The
Inspector of the Corps of Inspection and Public Secu-
rity heard him make use of a very significant expression
relative to the carabines. Raphael Garcia says that he
does not know Montenegro, and that he did not go on
the 24th to the house of Melia. Lastly; Miguel Molia,
in his declaration, affirms that he does not know any of
the conspirators, and according to the deposition of his
son, Ferrer, Marin, and others came to his house on the
night of the 24th. The first was also there in the fore-
noon. Joaquim Pensalva, who lives at the house of
Melia, saw Marin and Garcia there on the evening of
the 24th. Upon being confronted with Melia,
the latter acknowledged the truth. Besides this,
Molia threw the carabines into the well, as had been
previously arranged in case of danger, which is
proved also by the declarations of those employed
in the armouries, that the arms in question were only a
short time in the water. The fiscal declares that he
considers it useless to endeavour to convince the council
of war of a fact of which the proofs are evident ; espe-
cially as in military processes it is sufficient that the
members of the council of war be persuaded, by certain
appearances, of the reality of the offence in order to
inflict capital punishment. The offence in the case before
us is that of sedition. The ordinance on this subject is
explicit, and pronounces the punishment of death, ac-
cording to article 10. Consequently, and in conformity
with that article, with the proofs which result from the
instruction, and with the advice of the jurisconsult, Don
Felix Colon, in his work on military tribunals, says that
even on probable and presumptive evidence, capital
punishment may be applied, the fiscal demands that Don
Juan Prim, &c., be condemned to be shot, as being evi-
dently comprised in the above cited article of the ordi-
nances. (Sim ed) " TOMAS AZNAR.
" Madrid, Nov. 1,''1844."
(From the National.)
The following account of the manner in which
Prim was entrapped, and of the interrogatories he
underwent before the Procurator-Fiscal, as furnished
by the Madrid correspondent of the National. It
may be necessary to state that this correspondent is
not very scrupulous as to matters of fact, and in
general gives a colouring to statements which does not
add to their credibility :
" MADRID, OCT. 31.—Prim's trial will begin to-morrow
or the day after, and I cannot describe the interest at-
tached to it. He has chosen for defoader General
Schelly, who has joined with himself two distinguished
lawyers ; one of them, Don Eugenio Moreno Lopez, is
a young man of rare talent, an eloquent speaker, and
one of the ablest jurisconsults ,fin Spain. He distin-
guished himself as deputy to the Cortes in 1843, and he
has accepted this case with great warmth. Prim was
denounced and sold by a certain Albenez, not the colonel
of that name, but a simple commandant, very intimate
with Avarineta, the head of the police. This Albenez
had figured with some ardour amongst the Progressists,
and bis opinions, well known, caused him the loss of his
employment. He was then without resources, and his
intimacy with Aviraneta let him to hope that Narvaez
would restore him his command. The superintendent
of the police took care not to lose so good an opportunity.
Prim, since his arrival, did not conceal the thorough
disgust with which the conduct of the Moderados, to
whom he and his friends had opened the doors of
Spain, inspired him. He expressed himself on this
point with an energetic indignation. Narvaez heard of
it, and was exceedingly angry with the young general.
Aviraneta undertook to ruin him. Tho Commandant
Albenez was sent to him ; ho spoke of conspiracy, an-
nounced that many old officers were ready to take up
arms at the first signal ; lie gave names, and offered his
services ; he soon obtained confidence in return for those
which he gave, and when Aviraneta thought the proper
moment bad arrived, he invented the famous trap. The
arrest of Prim, without any external fact having war-
ranted it, would have caused oven in the Cortes an un-
favourable impression, but connected with assassination,
it threw over the prisoner a varnish of shame, and, with
the aid of that horror which is always called forth by the
act of an assassin, every excess might be proceeded to.
That is what they expected and what they executed.
At present, in the opinion of every man of sense, this
dark affair is fully exposed •, nobody believes any longer
in the lying in wait and the carabines thrown into a
well • but Prim is in custody, and the judges who are to
try him declare beforehand that he is guilty. It appears
certain, besides, that the accused has disdained all sub-
terfuge. If I can believe a person whose word can scarcely
be suspected, the following were in substance his re-
plies to the examination which ho has undergone :
Q. You are accused of conspiring to overthrow
the throne and the laws ?—A. Leave aside the
the throne which I would defend, and the laws which I
respect. I wanted to overturn nothing but a shameless
faction, which is compromising the Queen 'and violating
the Constitution.—Q. You allow that you wanted to
overthrow the Government?—A. Yes, without doubt ;
as long as I have a drop of blood in my veins I shall feel
myself entitled to conspire against the enemies of my
country, against those persons who want to destroy its
Constitution, ruin its liberty, and prepare tho most
dreadful disasters. Q. You must be aware that it is not
allowable for a man to rise against an established
Government ?—A. The Moderados told me the same
thing when I took up arms, to my great regret, against
the Duke of Victoria. I then feared that the Constitu-
tion would be set aside and violated, and I did not hesitate
to wage war on the Regent. My conduct is more con-
sistent at present, for what I then feared the Moderados
have realised. They do not allow a trace of that liberty
to remain for which we fought. Yes, I was decided to
conspire against them ; and, had I succeeded in over-
turning them, I should at least have repaired a part of
the mischief I effected in aiding them to return to this
country, which they are ruining and dishonouring.'
Prim did not once contradict this language, and you may
conceive the rage which it excited amongst those who
accuse him. The ultras of the party do not hesitate to
say, He must be shot ; an example is necessary ; and,
if Narvaez hesitated, we would go to the Palace, and ask
for Prim's head.' And who are they who raise the
cries of death? The very persons who represented the
condemnation of Diego Leon as a work of blood and
vengeance."

THE BAR.—It appears by an examination of tilt
records of admission to the bar by the four inns of court
--Lincoln's Ins, the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple,
and Gray's Inn—that at the present time there are no
less than 2,243 members of the bar. Of this number 7
were called above fifty years since, 17 between forty-five
and fifty years since, 28 from forty to forty-five years
ago, 122 from 1814 up to 1804 ; from 1824 up to 1814
the number is 308. Of those who were called ten to
twenty years since there are now 701 members of the
bar ; and of those called during the last ten years there
aro no less than 1,100 who appear as members of the bar
at the present time.
The Duke of Bedford has ordered his tenants to
deal with rabbits as rats, and clear their farms of these
destructive animals, which only go to gamekeepers, who
' take care to pursue rabbit poachers, to preserve their
privileges at the cost of the farmer.—Bedford Mercury.

RESTORATION AND OPENING OF ST. °LAVE'S
CHURCH —This sacred edifice, which was destroyed by
fire at the burning of Topping's Wharf, in the autumn of
last year, has been entirely restored, and will be opened
for Divine service on the Sabbath morning of the 17th
instant, on which occasion the Rev. Archdeacon Wilber-
force will preach a sermon in behalf of the fund for de-
fraying the expenses incurred in the repairs.

WEST INDIA MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 8.

Tho Royal mail steamer Trent, captain Boxer,
arrived here to-day, at four r.ar., from Mexico,
Havannah, and Bermuda, bringing thirty-two pas-
sengers. She has on freight 843,177 80-100 silver
dollars, 81,415 75-1® gold dollars, pearls value
2,0001., 28 five franc pieces, 80Ib. 11 of plata bruin,

12 oz. plata labrada, 1161 b. 13 oz. silver bullion,
541 b. 69i Castellanos platina, 576 oz. gold, 591 oz.
gold dust. The following are the dates :—Tampico,
Sept. 25; Vera Cruz, Oct. 2; Havannah, Oct. 11 ;
Honduras, Sept. 19 ; Jamaica, Oct. 9 ; Carthagena,
Sept. 29 ; Demerara, Oct. 5 ; Trinidad, Oct. 7 ;
Barbadoes, Oct. 9 ; Grenada, Oct. 11 ; St. Thomas's,
Oct. 16 ; Laguayra, Sept. 30 ; Bermuda, Oct. 31,
where she met the Royal mail steamer Medway, with
the mails from St. Thomas's and the West Indies.
During her stay in the Gulf of Mexico the Trent
eitperienced very severe weather, and was obliged to
leave Tampico without being able to ship the treasure,
amounting to 1,721,067 dolls., 80,000 dolls. of which
was on account of the Mexican dividends, which
was all brought to the Bar. The Trent remained off
the Bar till the 29th of „September, in the hope of
the Bar becoming passable, but_ as the weather
continued bad, she was obliged to leave', aad continue
her route. At Vera Cruz all the treasure WAS abip-
ped on the 2d of October, during a heavy norther,
with the exception of 130,000 dolls, oa account of the
Mexican dividends, which the Administration would
not run the risk of embarking under such circum-
stances.
Santa Anna was at his farm near Vera Cruz, and
was increasing the number of his troops, with a view
to compel the Senate to comply with his views, He
was about to marry again into a family at Vera
Cruz, his first wife having been dead about a month.
The trial of Mr. Begot, at Demerara, had termi-
nated by his being found guilty.
HURRICANE AT HAVANNAH.
The island of Cuba was, on the 2d of October,
visited with a most terrific hurricane, which conti-
nued, however, only a few hours, passing over without
doing much damage from that time until the morning
of the 4th.
On the morning of the 4th it commenced raining,
and continued so during the day. The wind at first
blew right from N.E., veering afterwards to E. ; and
at dusk it became a calm At this time the thermo-
meter was at 19 of Rautnur. It began to blow at
eight r.st., and also rained. At nine and ten P.m.
the wind blew a hurricane, and increased during the
whole night, with occasional flashes of lightning, ac-
companied with great destruction of property in the
city of Havannah.
The principal damage to the houses was sustained
in the suburbs, but scarcely G house escaped without
injury.

POLITICAL ECONOMY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sza,—l was surprised yesterday to see your de-
precatory remarks on the science of political economy.
It is just now the fashion (and obviously for the in-
terest of many) to run down that science, and I am
sorry that any remarks of yours should seem to sanc-
tion an erroneous prejudice. It is my strong convic-
tion that a due regard to the maxims of enlightened
political economy would be infinitely more beneficial
than the best-intentioned philanthropy, if misguided,
and the violation of them proportionally injurious. It
seemed to me particularly unfair in you to say that
the maxims of political economy had been acted on
since Mr. Huskisson's time, and then to ask what
good they had done. They have been onlyvery par-
tially acted on during that period. What is our whole
system of protective duties, for example, but one con-
tinued and flagrant violation of the plainest principles
of political economy ? Political economy must be
tried before it can fairly be pronounced wanting.. If
your meaning is, that the enunciation of scientific
principles has of itself no . power to move men, and
that their sympathies and emotions must be appealed
to before they will actively exert themselves, I can
understand your position ; though surely, with all
rational and reflecting mon, the clear demonstration
of principles should be sufficient to decide their con-
duct. Let the higher motives, and the pure and
generous affections by all means be cultivated as the
impulse both of private and of public conduct; but to
throw aside political economy, because it only points
out how to do good and avoid evil, without more
directly appealing to the sympathies, is simply to
substitute blind impulse for enlightened benevolence.
Nor does it appear in practice that the study and ad-
vocacy of political economy imply wantof good feeling
in its promoters. Where shall we look for better
feeling, a more generous and earnest desire for the
good of the oppressed classes, than in the leading
members of that great school and ally of political eco-
nomy—the Anti-Corn-law League? My own belief
is, that the agitation of the great cause which the
League has taken up has given the impulse to all the
benevolent feeling and expression which happily cha-
racterise the present age. Why should a J ust and
clear perception of the means of doing good be unfa-
vourable to the existence and operation of a benevo-
lent intent ? Combine the maxims of political eco-
nomy with as much Christian feeling as you please,
but, in matters of legislation, do not deprive the latter
of the inestimable guidance of the former. Ignorant
legislation, even with the best intentions, has done, is
doing; and may do enormous mischief, such as to
mock, perplex, and paralyse the most zealous coun-
teracting exertions of private charity and generosity.
There are always those, too, who have interests of
their own to serve in ad legislation, and who are
ready enough to throw Christian benevolence on a
wrong scent by directing it to fruitless fields, and
deprecating the "cold, heartless maxims," in the vio•
lation of which they find their own wasteful gain,
_to
the injury and misery of millions. Political economy
condemns war, slavery, monopoly, excessive and insi-
dious taxation. What an immense amount of
bloodshed, wickedness, wretchedness, poverty,
scarcity of employment, with all their incidental and
concomitant evils, would have been spared, had poli-
tical economy been sooner understood and really acted
upon! We are taught to believe that by a higher
power all evils are in some way made subservient to
good, but we are taught also to "overcome evil with
good." The evils arising from the neglect of political
economy are among the mysteries of Providence, and
one good result of them should surely be to teach us
impressively those truths of practical wisdom from the
ignorance or transgression of which they have arisen.
—I am, Sir, yours respectfully, J. R.
, Liverpool, Nov. 8, 1844.

THE EFFECTS OF CHEAP FOOD
UPON THE WORKING CLASSES.
(From the Struggle.)
When a family is poor, all the females are obliged
to work to secure food, before they think of anything
else ; some to the winding frames, some to shoe-bind-
ing, or any other employment. But when they be-
come well off; that is, when they have sufficient to
pay for food, rent, fire, and their every day necessa-
ries, how do you find the females then employed':
In " needle work," which means something connected
with fine clothing and fashionable array, or in draw-
ing, music, &c.; so that when it is not requisite to
work for necessaries, they employ their time in pro-
curing luxuries. It is just the same with a nation.
In proportion to the amount of labour requisite for
procuring requisites, is that which remains for luxu-
ries. The fewer hands that can find the country
with food, and the more remain to provide luxuries.
Hence we see what an advantage it would be
to get our food by exchanging as far as possible the
proceeds of our machinery for it. In this country,
with industry and sobriety, there ought to be no lack
of food; the only strife should be as to the extent of
enjoyments in the shape of comforts and luxuries.
Suppose, for instance, all our food for the next year
came without ploughing, or sowing, or reaping, some
would think it would be a sad affair for all the la-
bourers. But the effect would be, that being secured
of the first necessary of life, all the labour in the
country would then be turned to building better
houses, making better roads, cutting railways, making
parks, providing superior clothing, and richer furni-
ture. Some would be employed in one way, some in
another, and each exchanging the productions of his
labour with others, every class would get a greater
proportion. One thing is certain to a country which
has plenty of food, that the people need not be ex-
posed to excessive labour ; but if, like Englishmen,
they will work, they are then sure, with cheap food,
to get a greater amount of luxuries. Continued cheap
food would soon lead to short time ; and it would soon
give the working classes better houses, and better
furniture, and a greater command over all the enjoy-
ments of life. It is the pivot upon which all other
enjoyments turn.

DROGHEDA AND KILLS RAILWAY.—At a most in-
fluential public meeting held last week at Kells, a unani-
mous vote of support was passed to the proposed Drog-
heda and Kells line, in connexion with the Dublin and
Drogheda Railway. Mr. Eckert;ley, the able manager
of the latter Company, explained that the capital had all
been subscribed, and expressed an ()Onion that the Act
would be obtained without difficulty, in which case the
works could be completed within two years.—Railway
Record.
DEATH OP THE DEAN OF LIMERICK.—This vene-
rable ecclesiastic, who has been long in a declining state
of health, died on Sunday last, in the 85th year of his
age, at his residence near Rathangan, county of Kildare.
The Very Rev. Arthur John Preston, when Dean of
Kildare, was promoted to the deanery of Limerick, and
instituted at the Cathedral on the 17th of August, 1809,
in room of the Hon. and Very Rev. Maurice Crosbie,
his predecessor.
The Duke of Portland, who, we are glad to find,
is improving in health, has granted about thirty acres of
land in the parish of liucknall for cottage-garden allot-
ments. More than 300 applications have been made for
these allotments, and it is expected that the majority of
the applicants will be accommodated with a garden next
spring.