The Sun.
London, England, 1868-11-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 26, 1168.

THE NEW PARLIAMENT.

1,10,

Constituency.

The following are the members returned up to the
time of making up this list. The asterisk before a
member's name means that he was not a member of
the last Parliament; a dagger before the name signi-
fies that the member represented a different con-
stituency in the last House of Commons. The two
last columns chew the Liberal and Conservative gainl
respectively:—

OXFORD ..

PEMBROKE
PEMBROKESHIRE
PETERBOROUGH

PETERS,YIZLD
PLYMOUTH

PONTEFRACT

PORTSMOUTH

PRESTON

POOLE
READING

RICHMOND
Rirom

L. C.

Constituency.

liembers.

ABIN'CI DON
AN DOVER
AYLESBURY

Mr Lindsay
Mr ortescuey
Mr N Rothschild
Mr Smith
1' Mr Mellor
* Mr Tfavies 1
Hon G C Morgan
Mr T Cave
Captain Williams
Mr Whitmore
Mr iii.finielson 1
Mr Tits
Mr Dalrymple
Mr Whitbread
* Mr J Howard 1
" Lord Bury
* Mr J Stapleton
Sir H. Edwards
1* Captain Kennard
,* Sir It Glass
Mr John Laird
Mr John Bright 1
Mr Dixon 1
*Mr P Muntz 1
Mr W H Hornby
Mr J Feilden
Hon F L Gower 1
Licut-Colonel Gray-
* Mr J Hick
Mr Malcolm
* Mr T Collins
Mr NV E Forster 1
,* Mr Ripley 1
Mr A W Kinglake
Mr Vanderbyl
Mr James White
Professor Fawcett
Mr H Berkeley
Sir* Mlrr S
ti Morley
Verney
1
Mr Philips
Mr Hardcastle
Mr Greene
Mr F C H Russell
Colonel Gilpin
Mr T A Mitchell
Hon W 0 Stanley
Mr Howel Gwyn
Light Hon B Disraeli
M. Du I're
* Mr Lambert
Captain Lowther
Hon P Wyndham
* Colonel Torrens
* Mr Fowler
Lord George Manners
Lord Royston
t Right Hon H Brand
Mr Butler Johnstone
• Captain Brinckman
Colonel Stuart .......
Mr E Potter
* Sir Wilfrid Lawson
* Colonel Stepney
* Mr Sartoria
• Mr John Jones
Mr W B Hughes
,* Captain Parry
Mr G C Legh
Hon W Egerton
Mr Otway
* Mr H B Samuelson
Earl Grosvenor
* Mr Raikes
Lord II G Lennox
Mr Goldney
Hon A Bathurst
Mr R Assheton
Mr Eaton
* Mr Staveley Hill
* Lord E Fitzmaurice
Right Hon S Walpole
Mr Beresford Hope
t Sir Thomas Lloyd
* Mr C W Dilke
Sir Henry Hoare
* Mr E Burke
* Mr J Fletcher
Mr Rebow
* Dr Brewer
Sir D Gooch
* Hon F Cadogan
* Sir John Trelawny
* Mr B Willyams
Mr St Auhyn
* Mr P Vivian
• Mr E C Egerton
I* Mr W Lech
Mr Tollemache
Sir Philip Egerton
* Mr Williams
Mr M Chambers
* Mr Lewis
* Mr Backhouse
Mr M T Bass
* Ifrr3a 0
Plimsollos
Sir .
!* Serjeant Simon - •
Major Dickson
,* Mr Jessel, Q,C.
Sir John Pakington
Mr Henderson
* Mr Davison
Sir H Williamson
• Mr Hliott
Mr Pease
• Mr Beaumont
Colonel Stunt
Mr H B Sheridan
* Sir T Gresley
* Mr R Smith
* Hon H Strutt
• Hon Captain Egerton
Mr T D Acland
Sir Stafford Northcote
Sir L Palk
t Lord Courtenay
Hon Mr Portman
Mr Floyer
Mr Sturt
Col Bourne
Mr Coleridge
• Mr Bowring
• Mr W Baker
I* Mr A Johnstone
Lord Eustace Cecil
Mr S llibetson
Lord Barrington
Mr WC Torrens
Alderman Lusk
t Mr T. Hughes
Sir John Hanmer
* Mr Fowler
* Di r Fastwick
Lord R Grosvenor
Colonel Talbot
Mr H Vivian
Right Hon Sir W Hutt_
Mr Price
Mr Monk
* it C Wingfield
t Captain Tomline
Mr Alderman Salomoos
lit Hon W E Gladstone
Mr Onslow
• Captain Cholmeley
* Hon F Tollemache
Sir M Beach
Mr Holford
t Right... Hon W C .wper
t Lord Il Scott
Hon H Cowper
Mr A Smith
* Mr H Brand
* Mr C Reed
* Mr Holms
Mr Stansfeld
Colonel Akroyd
* Mr T Brassey
* Mr F North
* Mr Young
Mr R Dirnsdale
Mr Clive
Mr Wyllie
Mr Biddulph %.
Mr Bailey
• Sir H 4 roft
Mr James Clay
Mr Norwood
Baron N de Rothschild
Mr W B Beach
Mr Sclater-Booth
Major Jervis
Mr T Baring
* Mr Jackson
* Colonel Edwardes
Mr Hurst 1 double
• Major Aldridge J return
Lord R Montagu
Mr E Fellowes
Mr E A Leatham
Mr II E Adair
* Mr West. Q.O
SirJ Simeon
* Mr Mills
* Mr Talbot
Lord Hohnesdale
Mr Hart Dyke
Mr L Pemberton
* Hon G Milles
Lord Stanley
* Hon It Bourke
• Mr Lea
* Mr Illingworth
* Mr NV hitwell
* Alderman J Lawrence
* Mr \V M'Arthur
Mr Baines
" Alderman Carter
.
Mr Wheelhouse
Mr Taylor
Mr Harris
Lord J Manners
* Mr Frewen
Lord Curzon
* Mr Pell
* Mr Cross
Mr C Turner
Mr Arkwright
Colonel Clive
Mr Goschen
Mr Crawford
31r Lawrence
• Mr Bell
t Rt Hon Robert Lowe ...
lord G Lennox
Mr Henry Lopes
Mr C Seely
* Mr H Palmer
Sir M J Cholmeley
* Mr It Winn
* Mr Amcoata
* Mr H Chaplin
Mr NVelliy
* Mr Turnor
Sir Arthur Buller
Lord Pelham
Colonel Dyott
Mr Graves
* Lord Sandon
• Mr Rathbone
Colonel Wilson-Patten
t Hon F Stanley
* Mr Ilolt
* Mr St.arkie
Mr C W Wynn
Mr Bentall
Mr Wetherhed
Mr Mitford
Mr C Brocklehurst
Mr Chadwick
Mr Lee
Mr Whatman
Mr Powell
Mr Bazley
Mr Jacob Bright
Mr Birley
Mr II Lewis
Mr T Chambers
Mr Richard
Mr Fothorgill
Sir J Ramsden
lion C Fitzwilliam
Lord E Bruce
Mr D Williams
Mr Bolckow
Hon C H Tracy
Fir G Grey
Mr C Morgan
Colonel Somerset
Viscount Enfield
Lord G Hamilton
Mr E Howes
Mr C S Read
Mr G Hodgklnson
Mr E Denison
Mr Headlam
Mr Cowen
Mr Allen
Mr Buckley
Mr Hutton
Lord Henley
Mr C Gilpin
Sir W Russell
Sir II Stracey
Sir R Clifton
Mr Wright
Mr Martin
Sir \V Itagge
Hon T De Grey
Mr Ward Hunt
Mr S Stonford
Cartwright
Sir l.tinald Knightley
Might ll,'n J Denison
' Mr F C Smith
Mr Barrow
Mr /I ihlyard
I Earl Percy
Mr Ridley
Mr Beaumont
Hon 11 Liddell
Itt lion G Hardy
Rt Hon J Mowbray ,
Mr Henley
Colonel North
Mr Cartwright
Mr Hibbert
NI Platt

ASIITON-UNDER-LINE
ANGLES:SA
BREC6 SIIIRU
BARNSTAPLE

P. I ROCIIDALE

RYE
RETFORD, EAST

RADNOR
ROCUESTER

1 1 RADNOMiDIR.E.-
RUTLAND

BRIDCINOP.TII
11ANBuity
BITII

BED FO r.D

SUEFOLE, WEST

SALISBURY

I i SUSSEX, WEST

SOMERSET, WEST

SOMERSET, EAST..

BEnwicic

BEVERLEY

BEWDLEY
BIRICENHEAD
BIRMINGHAM

BLACKBURN

BODMIN
BOLTON

BOSTON

SOUTHAMPTON

1 I STROUD

SURREY, EAST

1 I I SALFORD

Sispwicit

BCARBOROI7OII

SHEFFIELD

BUADFORD

BRIDGWATIR

BRIGHTON ....

BRISTOL .

BUCKINGHAM
BURNLEY
BURY
BURY ST. EDMUNDS

BEDFORDSHIRE

BP.IDPORT
BEA UMARIS ......

intECO N
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

CUMBERLAND, WEST

CAMBRIDGE

CAMBRIDGESHIRE ...

CANTERBURY

SHRBWSZURY

SOUTH SHIELDS
SOUTHWARK

ST/7701LD

1 I I STOCKPORT

1 I STOCKTON
SUNDERLAND

SHAFTESBURY
SHOREHAM

STALICYBEIDOE
SIIIMISY, MID

SUSSEX, EAST

STAFFORDSHIRE, EAST'

STAFFORDSHIRE, WEST,

STAFFORDSUIRIC,NORTH

STAMFORD
SHROPSHIRE, NORTH „„

1 I I S
_IIII.OPSIIIRE, SOUTH ..

CARDIFF
CARLISLE

CARMART [TEN
CAIMARTIIENSHIRE

CARNARVON
CA RNA RVONSIIIRE

CHESHIRE, MID

CHATHAM
CHELTENHAM
CHESTER

CHICHESTER
CIIIEPEN HAM

CIRENCESTER
CLI TkIEROE
COVENTRY

CALVE
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERS

CARDIGAN
CHELSEA

CniusTcuuncu
COCKERMOUTII

CoLcitEsTER

CRICKLADE

CORNWALL, EAST ...

CORNWALL, WLST

CHESHIRE, EAST

CHESHIRE, WEST

DENBIGH
DEVONPORT

DARLINGTON
DERRY

DEVIZES
DEwSEURY
DOVER

PROITWICA
DURHAM

DURHAM, NOP.TH

ST. IVES
1 1 I STOICE-UTON-TRENT

1
TAMWOILTII

11 I TiurroN

1
1
1
1
1
1

TIMIKESBURY
TOM HAMLETS

Talmo

TYNEMOUTII
TAXIXTOCK
TIVERTON

TDIRSK
1 WAKEFIELD
WESTMORELAND

i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

WALLINGFORD
WARE LIAM
WARRINGTON
WARWICK

WEDNESBURY
WESTBURY
WESTMINSTER

IVEY3tOUTH

WHITBY
WHITICHAVEN
WIGAN

i I WINcnEsTEn

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

WINDSOR
WOODSTOCK
WORCESTER

WORCESTER, EAST

WORCESTER, WEST ...

WYCOMBE
WALSALL

WENLOCK

WILTON
WILTS, SOUTH

WOLVXRIIAMPTON ~ ..

DURHAM. SOUTH

DORCHYSTER
DUDLEY
DERBYSHIRE, SOUTH

DERBYSHIRE, EAST ..

DEVOIsT, NORTH

DEVON, EAST

DOESETSIIIILE

Evr SIIAM
EXLTEIC

ESSLX, SOUTH

ESSEX, WEST

EYE
FINSBURY

FnomE
FLINT
FALMOLTII

FLINTSIIIRE
GLAMORGANSIIIRE

GATES HEAD .
GLOUCESTER .

GRAVESEND ....
GREAT GRIMSBY
GREENWICH

GUILDFORD ...
GRANTHAM ...

GLOUCESTER, EAST - -

HANTS, SOUTH

HERTFORDSHIRE

HAC K N EY

lIALIFAX

HASTINGS

IiELSTON
H ERTFORD
lIEREFORD

HEREFORDSHIRE

lirLL

HYTTIE
HANTS. NORTII

HARWICH
H NTI N DON
HARTLEPOOL
HA EILFO ROW ST
HORSHAM

HUNTISIGDONSIIIILE

lUDDERSFIELD
.rswica

ISLE OF WIMIT
KENT, WEST

KENT, MID

KENT, EAST

KING'S LYNN

KIDDERMINSTER
KNARESBOROUGH
KENDAL
LAMDETII

LEEDS

LEICESTER

LEICESTER, NORTH .. ,

LEICESTER, S JUT II

LA.NCASIIIRE, S.W.

LEOMINSTIM
LUDLOW

LONDON CITY

LONDON UNIVERSITY
LYN NC:TON
LAUNCESTON
LI, COLN

LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH

LINCOLN, MID

LINCOLN, SOUTH ....

LISKEARD
LEWES
LICHFIELD
LI VERI OOL

L.VACA.SIIIRE, NO ATII

LANCASIIIRE, N.B.

MONTGOMERYSHIRE...,
MALLON
MARLOW
MIDHURST
MACCLESFIELD

MAIDSTONE

MALMESBURY
MARC:RESTER

MARYLEBONE

MERTHYR TYDVIL

MONMOUTH
MiaToN
MARLBOROUGH
Mt ItIONETHSIIIII"
MIDDLESBOROUGH
MONTGOMERY
MORPETII
MONMOUTHSHIRE

MIDDLESEX

NORFOLK, SOUTH I
I

NEWARK

NEWCASTLE-UPON -TYNE

NEWCASTLE-UNDR-LYM.

NORTHALLERTON
NORTHAMPTON .

Nonwwn

NOTTINGHAM ...

Pi EwroxT. I. OF WIGIITI
NORFOLK, WEST
1

NORTHAMPTON, NORTH

NORTHAMPTON, SOUTH

NOTTS, NORTII

NOTTS, SOUTH

NORTHUMBERLAND, N.

NORTHUMBERLAND, S..

OXFORD UNIvEnsiTY.

OXFORDSHIRE

WARIrICKSHIRE,NORTH

1
1
1
1
1
1

WARWICKSIIIRX, BOUTHI

WILTS, NORTII

Yons

YoRK, N.W. RIDINO...

YORK, S.W. RIDING .

1

ABERDEENSHIRE, EASTI
ABERDEENSHIRE, WEST!
AYR BURGHS
AYRSHIRE, NORTH .. •
ARGYLESHIRE
' AYRSHIRE, SOUTH
ABERDEEN
BORDER DISTRICT
BUTESHIRE
• BANFF
BERWICKSHIRE
CLACKMANNAN
CAITHNESS
DUMFRIESSHIRE
DUMBARTONSHIRE .• •
DUNDEE

DUMFRIES
EDINBURGH

EDINBURGIISHIRR. • •
ELGIN BURGHS
ELGIN AND NAIRN . • •
FORFARSIIIRE
FIFESIIIRE
FALKIRK BURGFIS
ILASCIOW

GREENOCK ..............
HADDINGTON .........
H ADDING TONSHIRE . • •
INVERNESS ...........

INVERNESS-SHIRR
KINCARDINESHIRE .• • •
KIRKCUDBRIGHT
KILMARNOCK BURGHS
KIRKCALDY
LANARKSHIRE., SOUTH
LANARKSHIRE. NORTH
LINLITIMOWSIIIRE •• • •
LEITH BURGHS
PERTH...............
PAISLEY
PERTHSHIRE .. '
PEEBLES ANIS SELKIRK
ROXBURGH:MIRE
ROSS AND CRoMA.R.TY
KENFREWsIIIRE,

TIRLING BURGHS •• •
TIRLINGSIIIRE
SUTIIERLANDSHIRE . • •
ST. ANDREWS BURGH
MONTROSE
WIGTOWN BURG lIS •• •
WIGTOWNSHIRE

ANTRIM COUNTY

AumAan COUNTY .....

A.RMA 011
ATHLONE
BANDON
BELFAST

CLARE COUNTY

1 Ii

iLli

CARRICKFEP,OI7B
CASREL

CARLOW
CORK

CL0NMEL..............
COLERAINE ............
CAVAN COUNTY ...• ••

CARLOW COUNTY ......

DONEGAL COUNTY. • • •

Do wNsuxna

DOWNPATRICK
DUNGIANNON
DUBLIN

DUBLIN UNIVERSITY ..

111

DUBLIN COUNTY .....

DUNDALK
DUNGARVAN
DROGHEDA
ENNISKILLEN
ENNIS
FERMANAGH COUNTY

GALWAY

1
I

KERRY COUNTY

KILKENNY
KILKENNY COUNTY

KINSALE
KILDARE

1 11

KING'S COUNTY

LEITRIM COUNTY

LONDONDERRY COUNTY

LONDONDERRY
LIMERIC CITY

LIMERICK COUNTY ...

LONGFORD COUNTY ...

II Ii

LOUTH COUNTY

11 11

LISBURN
MAYO COUNTY

MONAGHAN COUNTY .

MALLOW
NEW Ross
NEWLY

~I li.

PORTARLINOTON
QUEENS COUNTY

ROSCOMMON COUNTY

SLIGO
TRALYE
rIPITILARY COUNTY

11 !1

11 ii

TYRONE COUNTY

WEXFORD
WATERFORD COUNTY

WATERFORD CITY..

WESTMEATII

IVExpoRD COUNTY ..

WICKLOW

YOUGIIAL

OLDBA3t

AMERICAN NOTES: were travelling was fired on and hit several times,
The nomination of A. Oakey Hall as the Democratic and they only saved themselves from death or injury
candidate for mayor of the city of New York, is, as the by fast driving. United States Senator 'Willard
telegraph correctly tells us, equivalent to his election, so Warner, of Alabama, has likewise encountered a
overwhelming is the Democratic majority in that metro- hostile mob several times recently, been prevented
polis. Mr. Hall is a lawyer of excellent standing, s - •
trom speaking where he had appointments, and
especially in criminal practice, has been prosecuting
threatened with assassination.
attorney for New York county, was originally an Aboli-
TEXAS.—It appears that the officer commanding
tionist and Republican, and has of late years excited great r
, the garrison at Jefferson had less than 30 men
influence as the leader of the Democratic party. He is,
moreover, known as an agreeable writer and orator. ' guarding the gaol where Mr. Smith had taken re-
The defeat of General Escobedo in the State of Tamau- fuge, and being surrounded by a well equipped
lipas is among our American advices yesterday. Esco- body of 200 he judged it right to ground arms, as
bedo was one of the most trustworthy of the Liberal he considered defence hopeless. Smith fought with
leaders during the recent war, and at its close was a tenacity and courage worthy of any cause, only
entrusted with the military command of the Northern ceasing to fire in death with 18 bullets in him.
States. Early in October advices reached the city of
General Reynolds is to be removed, as the Presi-
Mexico that Canales, Quiroga, and other chiefs of the
dent is dissatisfied with his administration of the
Santa Anna party were organising an insurrection in
Tamaulipas, a favourite seat of such projects, the prod-State. We fear the task to redeem Texas is beyond
mity of the Texan frontier offering convenient facilities the Power of most officers, but so marked is the
for escape in the event of failure. Escobedo failure of Reynolds that a change should be tried.
hastened at once to Tampico, organised a sufficient FLORIDA. - This State voted by her Legislature ;
force, and moved against the insurgents, who had collected and in doing so followed the former example of South
at some distance north of the city. At the same time Carolina, though that State did not adhere to its
General Carvajal was sent to Matamoras, with the design old practice. Florida has either from this, or for
of flanking the rebels. The first results of these steps were some other cause, escaped the reign of terror. Her
successful; the Santanists were beaten in several skin legislature, of course, voted for Grant, while it is
mishes, and the termination of the pronuncianiento was
announced at the capital. The defeat now sustained by said that two out of her three Congressmen will be
the Liberal leader spews the triumph to have been pre. Democrats. Governor Holden is represented in his
mature, and places the highly-important port of Tampico : private letters as writing very hopefully of the
in serious peril. : future prospects of the State. The Nation says of
The South has manifested signs of decided improvement it—" It is almost the only State that we should feel
during the short period since the election of General like recommending to Northern men as a region in
Grant. As was expected, there is a pretty general dis- ' which they may settle in security. Its Quakers and
position to "accept a situation" which will endure for
Scotch, and its strong infusion of old Whigs, and
four years at least, whether it is accepted or not,
its solid-headed, honest yeomanry—there is a good
A number of the leading Democrats of South
! probability of a valuable coloured yeomanry there—
Carolina have called in a body upon General Scott,
,
and have expressed their determination for the future to make it, altogether, a State to be honoured, liked,
give a unanimous and hearty support to the State Govern- i and trusted. It certainly is now more nearly re-
ment. This promise has yet to be fulfilled, but it is covered from the effects of the war than any of the
decidedly better than openly threatening to subvert the other members of the Confederacy ; and this is
Constitution and advocating a refusal to pay taxes. : directly traceable to the comparative moderation
Outrage and murder appear to be slightly on the decline in ' and sensible political course of its people." The
many of the States. But the intelligence from •Mr. latest mail news, however, is that the Governor has
Reverdy Johnson's favoured land, Texas, is not a whit .
beenimpeached by the Legislature for official mis-
better.
The New York Nation hopes that the Alabama question conduct.
will do something to promote the establishment of an ARKANSAS.—Captain Mills, Bureau agent, and
international tribunal for the settlement of such disputes. Captain Porter Andrews were murdered in Little
The selection of a sovereign as arbitrator, of course, means River county, on the 24th ult., and Sheriff Stundle,
the selection of the best jurists of the nation over which who was with him, was badly wounded. Two
he rules. • Why, then, should the farce of putting forward negroes were killed near the same place soon after,
monarchs as the arbitrators in these cases be kept up, when and at Crittenden, in the same State, six men have
the real work is done by lawyers? "If two German pub- I been murdered in the night, and others have been
licists, sitting in their own rooms, can settle such a con- shot
tor attempting to bury them. The arms lately
troversy as that now pending between two such Powers as
reported as seized on board the steamer llesper, and
America and England to the satisfaction of the disputants
thrown over into the Mississippi, have reappeared,
and of the world, the establishment of an internationst
court of arbitration cannot be very long delayed." part of them at New Orleans, and it is insinuated
The Times correspondent estimates that a majority of that Forrest bad something to do with this matter
the House of Representatives-145 out of 227--is in favour
of redeeming the debt in greenbacks. It is probable that
a compromise will be effected, and that the interest of the
Five-Twenty Bonds will be reduced, instead of the prin.
cipal being paid off in a depreciated currency.
The same writer adds that the recalleet Mr. Reverdy
J ohnson seems to be determined upon.

FOREIGN NOTES.

THE CHINESE CIVIL SERVICE.*

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
The Civil Service of China differs from all others
on these two points—Literary attainments are the
sole channel to office and political advancement,
and these offices are not only open to every class
of the people, but some carry with them when attained
the highest social rank and dignity. Of course,

SPAIN.

The stampecla amongst the candidates for the Spanish
throne has been complete. Of all the princes and nobles
who have in turn been put forth, only one remains in
public notice, and he has given the most positive assur-
ance that he will never reign over Spain. But in spite
of this refusal, Dom Ferdinand of Portugal is
still the only candidate spoken of. He is
said to be greatly interested in all that passes in the
country, and it is thought that his refusal will not retain
its inflexibility if the Spaniards offer him a crown instead
of a candidature. All that can be said of this is, that the
affairs of Spain have relapsed into that state of uncer-
tainty which generally indicates intrigue, and is not
unfrequently followed by a collapse. The Spectator's bold
speculation that Prim is planning for a dictatorship or
an imperial crown is not unwarranted. The Monarchists
have no candidate, the Republicans no leaders of eminence,
and yet Olozaga's compromise between republicanism and
monarchy has been rejected by at least one of the two
great parties.
The text of Baron Beust's corrected reportof his famous
speech on the new Army Bill is published in the Red
Book. The Austrian Minister says of the first report that
" even if the isolated expressions are accurately reproduced,
the absence of the context frequently alters the meaning."
This is beyond doubt a great truth, and this second edition
admirably illustrates it. All the original " isolated ex-
pressions" are now so encompassed in a cloud of words that,
like Zadkiel's prophecies or the decisions of the Delphic
Oracle, they may mean anything. The strong smell of
powder which marked the original report has altogether
vanished.

nothing in human institutions is pure, and bribery
exists in no small degree. But, the fact that the
Chinese Civil Service has been so constituted is the
reason why China now exists at all as a semi-civilized
power, and has not degenerated,excluded for so many
ages from foreign intercourse, into irredeemable
barbarism. It will readily be imagined that where
literary attainments are so rewarded that the masses
are literary, and it is calculated that 200,000,000 are
literati out of the 360,000,000, almost every man of
whom can read and write sufficiently for ordinary
purposes. The press is free, and from it issues
numerous works on every subject, which are
gathered into the libraries scattered over the vast
empire, every where open to the inhabitants. Mr.
Jenekes does not consider he exaggerates in stating
that next to the United States there are more books
in China and more persons who read books than in
any other country. The degrees of literary merit
are four—SEW-TSEE, " men of cultivated talent ;"
KEN-JIN, " elevated persons ;" TZIN-SZE, advanced
scholars ;" and HAN-LIN, "the forest of pencils," or
national institute. The examination for the first,
which takes place twice every three years, is in
country towns ; for the second, once every three
years, in the provincial capital ; for the third, iu the
imperial capital; and for the fourth, in the imperial
palace in the presence of the Emperor. The rise is
from one to the other, and the 10,000 competitors
are c mfined and guarded in cells while they are
working out their themes. Those successful in the
fourth obtain liberal salaries, and are employed to
deliberate on all questions regarding politics and
literature, and to prepare public documents, while
the three highest candidates, being mounted on
horseback, are paraded for three days round Peking,
signifying that " thus it shall be done unto the
man the king delighteth to honour." Even among
the three a distinction is made, as the first occu-
pies the most enviable post in the nation, and yet
one to which all may aspire. Judging from the
nature of the examination, we must conclude that
memory is held in the highest account, as the chief
requisite to success is to carry the five classics and
the four books in, as they say, " their belly !" Al-
though a test of application and a test of a valuable
mental qualification, it certainly is not a test of the
highest capacity. The essays are judged by the
quotations they can introduce from ancient authors,
which they are compelled to spend five or six years
in committing to memory, and the same number in
acquiring a good style, but even after, there are
many years of incessant toil needed to insure sue-
cm. The Five Classics are the Pike-King, " B)ok
of Diagrams ;" the She-King, "Collection of Odes ;"
the Le-Ke " Record of Ceremonies ;" the Shoo-
King, containing the history of the three first
dynasties ; and the Chun-Isew, an account of
the life and times of Confucius. The first two of
the Four Books, Chung-yang, "The Happy Me-
dium," and Tahco "The Great Doctrine," were
written by Tsze-tsze, the grandson and disciple of
Confucius ; the third, the Lunyu, " Book of Dis-
courses," is the production of different disciples of
the sage who recollected and recorded his words
and deeds ; the last of the Four Books was written
by Mencius, the disciple of Tsze-tsze, and bears his
name. The text of these nine books is equal in
bulk to that of the New Testament and it is be-
lieved that were every copy to be annihilated there
are a million of people who could restore the whole
from memory. In former times the Chinese were
divided into four social classes : the Tse, or learned,
who govern and instruct the rest; the Nung, the
producer of food and material for clothing ; the
Kung, artisan or manufacturer; and the Chang,
who distributed and exchanged the productions.
But in China the reverse of Indian caste was
the case, as the children of the lower were eucou-

raged to aspire to the higher grade. In the
Tse were the officials ; the list of subaltern offioer.s
and literati alone being estimated at half a million.

There are thirteen principal departments of Govern-
ment,
mainly consisting of Boards somewhat simi-
lar to those of other great nationalities. The first
is the Cabinet, with five principal and two assis-
tant chancellors ; the General Council, which is the
second, is the most influential body, corresponding
to a Ministry, and it embraces the chancellors of
the first, and the presidents and vice-presidents of
the boards of the rest of the thirteen departments,
being a gathering of all the chiefs, together with
the Princes of the Blood. There is a Board of
Revenue, of Rights, of War, of Punishments, a
Mint, a Censorate, a Court of Judicature, and the
last is the Hanlien-Yuen or Imperial Academy.
There is a national college, which differs from the
Hanlien-Yuen, and also an astronomical college.
The different ranks are distinguished by costumes
and ornaments, acid the pay is according to the ful-
, lowing scale :—A Governor-General receives about
£6,000 a year ; a Lieutenant-Governor less than
£5,000 ; a Treasurer over £2,500 ; a Provincial
Judge under £2,000 ; a Prefect about £9OO. The
district magistrates vary from £250 to £6OO ; Lite-
rary Chancellor, £9OO ; the CJaimander-in-Chief,
£1,200 ; General, £7OO ; Colonel, £4OO ; and other
officers down to £4O. The feature of the Chinese
system is to make officers mutually responsible,
which leads the superior to confer various duties upo❑
one functionary, so that he may get a general know-

Report of the Hon. Thomas Jonckes,