The Sun.
London, England, 1868-08-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY tVE.NING, AtTGUST 25, 1868.

ROMAN AFFAIRS.

(From the Correspondent of the Westminster Gazette.)
ROME, August 15.

The Roman observances of a festival like to-
day's makes a serious inroad on the time for
preparing for the post ; and materials of such
grave interest have gathered themselves on my
table this week, that I am forced to pass over
the details of the celebration with which I
might have entertained you to-day in order to
communicate them.

It is, believe, the common and very rational
persuasion of the pacific part of Europe that
" the licking" received by the revolution, in
the campaign which ended in the catastrophe
of Mentana, had altogether laid its preten-
sions, and that the state of enthusiastic prepa-
ration of the Pontifical army was sufficient to
quench any lurking hopes of regaining the
position fatally lost on that day. This per-
suasion must not be too fondly indulged.
Information has been brought me from a
variety of sources, some of them of an authen-
ticity not to be doubted and others valuable
in a corroborative capacity, showing that mis-
chief is steadily brewing. Adventurers, whose
chief chance of existence is fishing in troubled
waters, and fanatics who find enmity to esta-
blished order in general, and order in the Papal
States in particular, the most profitable war-
cry, are again looking up their supporters and
collecting their forces.
To come to the details of their tactics this
year, I find that they have been engaged, in the
first instance, in re-establishing the Club of
1848, whence emanates so many assassinations.
I have been shown some of the signs and
the seals in use among its members—the latter
bear the effigy of the republican eagle, with
outspread wings, and beneath it the consular
fasces and the cap of liberty, with the legend
Circolo popolare Romano.
Within a recent period they have contrived
to set up anew various centres of meeting
within the limits of the Roman territory itself,
and I have before me statistics showing that,
by means of passports easily obtained from
a neighbouring State, not less than four or
five thousand Italians, most of them with
assumed names, have introduced themselves
here for the purpose of spreading the mischiev-
ousdoctrines of the sect. Wrapt in secresy
and mystery their meetings present a charm to
many adventurously-minded, who have little
sympathy with their principles and objects.
The police are pretty well informed of their
places of rendezvous, notwithstanding that the
straightforward line of policy pursued by the
Roman Government deprives it of many of the
means of gaining information which might be
considered appropriate under the circumstances.
It is not, however, wise for them to interfere
before the time. It is better to bide the time
and make a clean sweep, than to raise alarm
and complicate matters by piecemeal arresta-
tions. Nevertheless instances of fanatical ex-
travagance, which call for vigorous measures
in the interests of public safety, occur from
time to time ; thus, a day or two aao five
conspirators were arrested in a wine-shop, in
a low locality near the banks of the river, armed
with daggers and revolvers. One of them at
least was ascertained to be a Frenchman. On
them were' found letters of instructions from
Garibaldi, Menotti, the Deputy Crispi, and the
notorious Florentine baker Foolfi ; also an in-
flammatory proclamation signed by Mazzini.
Seven other would-be assassins were found in a
caftS near the Corso, where they passed them-
selves off for Italian artists, similarly armed,
and furnished with copies of the same and
similar documents. A party of Garibaldians
coming from Caprera, and bringing arms and
proclamations, were taken in sight of Civita
Vecchia by a Government steamer ; and a
private letter from a friend, who is at Porto
d'Anzio for the bathing season, gives us details
of a conflict between the seamen of that port
and a boatful of similar brigands, who, but
for their boldness, would have effected a land-
ing.
Side by side with these accounts lie before
me 225 quarto pages of the interrogatories,
tavowals, confessions, and acts relating to the
trials of the persons concerned in the crimes
and conspiracies of last autumn, forming a sig-
nificant picture of what we have to expect if
the secret :..-lachinations of revolutionists are
allowed to proceed unchecked. it appears
that the directing agent of the whole band of
malefactors was Francesco Cucchi, a deputy of
the Italian Parliament. Under his orders were
officers both of the Italian army and the
Garibaldian bands ; some Romans, too, whom
they had used in the capacity of cats-paw, the
most considerable being a Signor Bossi, an
architect, nephew of General Bossi, of the
Pontifical Gendarmerie. One of these, a mason,
whom they hired to fire the barrels of gun-
powder which blew up the Serristori Barracks
—providentially with such slight results—has
given some most strikinc, and valuable infor-
mation as to their diabolical designs, which
were only defeated by the vigilance of the
police, and the absence of sympathy in the
population. He shows the expectations which
had been built up of destroying the bulk of the
Zonaves here, and the whole Roman Legion in
the Cimarra Barracks. More frightful still was
the havoc contemplated in the Cita Leonina.
Six men in the Pontifical Artillery had been
weakly counted on to carry out the plot, and,
but for the want of judgment in the choice
of agents, the twenty-one-feet walls of the
Mole of Adrian would not have preserved it
from destruction ; and at this moment little
would have remained of the dome of St. Peter's
and the Vatican treasures—the joy and pride
of the whole earth—but a heap of ruins. Truly
we may think it is not in vain the bronze
effigy on Castel' Sant' Angelo typifies so
proudly how St. Michael stands on guard
against the adversaries of the Holy City.
It is not out of place to dwell on these
things in a letter which is to be placed before
British readers ; for, to judge by results, it is
' our people, of all Catholic communities, who
most need to have the character of the enemies
of the Holy See brought home to them. We
are not yet represented as we ought to be,
either in the ranks of the army or in the con-
tribution list of subsidies ; and to judge the
national character by its usual fruits, one can-
not but believe it is only want of knowledge
of the exigencies of the case which prevents
both tenders of assistance from being more
abundant. Not only might we expect to see
more of our countrymen sent out, but also
those are here better provided with the extra
food and comforts which our habits have made
into necessaries.

Here there is no lack of preparation. The
pecuniary means at command are eked out
with a prudence and economy worthy of all
imitation ; and no efforts are neglected for
keeping up the spirit of the troops. Nothing
can tend more to the latter result than the
visits by which the Holy Father makes himself
at home with them as they are gathered brigade
by brigade in the almost patriarchal plan of
camp life. I have mentioned the report that
one of these visits was expected at Rocca di
Papa for last Monday, and so earnest was the
desire for it that I believe iiauy young hearts
down there would have been broken if it had
not come off. It is hardly possible to picture
the earnestness with which all buckled to the
task of preparing the place to its best to receive
mum. Every spot by which he could pass,
and—in the true spirit of devotion which so
often elaborated the roofs and out-of-sight
parts of our Gothic cathedrals—many lines
where it was known he would not pass, were
made gay, utterly regardless of exertion under
August sunshine; and really it was a great
success.

I had been staying some few days at Rocca,
and thus had the opportunity of seeing one
or more ceremonies, which carry me back a
century or two, and which one cannot see
out of this neighbourhood, except in camp,
on the occasion of Cardinal Borromeo coming
down on Saturday to satisfy the formalities of
assuming his quality of Protector of the town.
His carriage brought him from the station to

the entrance of the principal street, -which is
too deep for any carriage. A detachment of
Dragoons and one of Zonaves acted as guard
of nour, and the Zouave band played. On
alighting from his carriage two dragoons went
before to clear the way, and the Cardinal
walked up the street, a footman holding a flat
red umbrella over him, for though past six
o'clock, the sun was still powerful. The soldiers
who had been keeping the way fell in as he
passed, and followed him, as did the crowd.
He passed by the house which has been en-
gaged for him during his stay, and went
straight to the church. Early next morning
the Zouave band apprised ns that something
was going on, and I went out to find the street
lined with Zonaves, and learnt from a friend
among the officers on datythat the Cardinal was
then in the tiny place which serves for Town-
hall, getting through the legal part of the inau-
guration, and would immediately pass by our
way to go to the church. I had scarcely
responded to a sign calling me up into a
friend's balcony, when the principal performers
in the ceremonial appeared, presenting the
quaintest picture imaginable. The Cardinal
looked stately enough, but wore a very ample
watered silk scarlet cloak, the lengthy train
borne by attendants, the hood drawn right
over to his forehead, and on it the flat-crowned,
difficultly-balanced hat—the type of the car-
dinalate. The flat, red umbrella was like-
wise in requisition. Around him walked the
members of the municipality of the primitive
little town, rejoicing in the fashionable garb of
dress-coats and white ties, apparently inherited
from predecessors in office many generations
back.

All the officers of the staff here, followed
them up to the church, where High Mass was
snug, and afterwards a Te Deum, and then he
gave benediction. In the afternoon he walked
round the camp, attended by the colonels and
Mgr. Cataldi, and in the evening, as also the
night before, there were fireworks and illumi-
nations. Festoons of flowers and leaves, with
coloured lamps depending from them, spanned
the streets, and the triumphal arches and mural
decorations bore inscriptions in his honour,
which were changed next- day for others wel-
coming the Pope. There was also, on Sun-
day evening, a dinner given by the officers
stationed here to the members of the civilian
night patrouilles of last year. It served as the
inauguration of the new mess-room. And up
to an advanced hour, in some cases through
the whole night, finishing touches were being
put to the decorations for the Pope's visit, and
sweeping up and burning the debris.
It was impossible not to catch the en-
thusiasm that reigned around, and before half-
past six next morning I found myself on the
look out for the Pontifical train. My window
commands a complete view of the country be-
tween this and Rome, and I was not long kept
in suspense. My field-glass soon revealed the
Pontifical train, with its decorations, and a
pilot engine a few minutes ahead. On it came,
smoothly sailing over the vast sea of the Cam-
pagna, like a little barque sent out for our
edification and consolation from the great ship
of St. Peter's in the offing. _ _

An hour divertingly occupied in watching
through the same medium the troops of people,
of all degrees, and in all sorts of conveyances,
from all points towards the high-perched
town, filled up the interval till the Pope's car-
riage drew near the town. He alighted oppo-
site the villa of the King of Naples, who had
gone out a little way in his carriage to meet
him, and then got into his Portantina, and
was carried up to the level of the camp, where
he entered his open carriage, which had come
up the new road to meet him, and driving
slowly along the line of decorations behind
which the troops were drawn up, thus passed
a kind of review of them, and then crossed
over to the altar, alighted, rested, and im-
mediately began Mass, Cardinal Borromeo
assisting ; it was served, not by two Bishops,
as usual, but by two Monsignori, one of whom
was the new Cameriere Casali. The troops
were all under arms, and had been forbidden
to utter any cry or cheer till the order
" romper, les rangs' was given, and hdwever
much against their inclination, they complied
scrupulously.
orifbetlitehe appearance of the
day's proceedings, it
is ITvoellg
place. The plateau on which the camp is
ifivres t an
to ideade describe c
erected is about a mile and a half in extent, in
the centre of one side, under a semicircular
construction, to which the ruined trichinium,
near St. John Lateran probably served as a
model, stood the altar on a raised platform,
and on each side, spread out semicircular arms,
on which were reserved seats decorated with
hangings and garlands. Beyond, again, but
along the same line, was a large open sort of
room, with a throne, where the Pope after-
wards received, and behind it a room for him
to breakfast in ; in front is a wide space ordi-
narily kept clear for manoeuvring. A sort of
bulwark of festoons ran across this to-day,
ornamented with thousands of flags of the
Pope's colours, with openings in the form of
triumphal arches into the lines of each batta-
lion. In the centre was a large vessel, built
of platted bark of trees and coloured canvass,
figuring St. Peter's barque, to a certain ex-
tent emulating the gracefal lines of the Pope's
yacht, whose title of Immacolata Concezione it
bore. In its centre rose a figure of our Lady,
in blue star-spangled drapery ; and the whole
was surmounted by the standard of the Zouave
Regiment, and an enormous rainbow of
coloured canvass. The ship was flanked on
either side by a dragon, representing Italy,
which seemed to be struggling to destroy it,
but was restrained from doing it injury.
One of the arches bore the inscription
" ferit homo missives a Deo cut nomen erat Johan-
nes" (the Pope's Christian name being John) ;
another, "Benedictus qui vent in nomine
DoMini."
Further back are the tents, in rows of eight
or ten. In some battalions four sleep in a
tent, in some six, so that some battalions have
more tents than others. Between the position
of the first and third battalions there is a consi-
derable fall in the ground, so that you do not
take in the whole view at once. At one end
are stationed the cacciatori, at the other end
the artillery ; beyond the artillery is a hillock,
on which is the tent of the General, and
those of the staff-officers, and beyond this
again the dragoons. The lines between the
tents have each names to distinguish them, as
Boulevard de l'lmmaculee, Piazza Pia, Rue du
Parfait Accord, and even O'Connell-street.
Those on either side of the ship were called
Rue de l'Arche and Rue de Noe. Behind these
tents are those of the officers, and some have
erected very tasteful day-houses; one I was
taken into had even two stories—one small
room on each floor. Kitchens, guard-houses,
the new large mess-room, &c., are among these
back buildings, and behind again the woods
at the foot of onte Cavi.

When the Holy Father had passed, the
troops formed round the altar, at some little
distance, of course. The staff was placed (on
horseback) just outside the seated circle.
Unbroken silence reigned, except only when
Colonel Allet's powerful voice gave the word of
command " Portez armes !" at the Gospel, or
bid the men stand at ease after it ; and one
could hear every word of the Mass plainly
from the Holy Father's lips. At the Elevation
the sound of so large a body of men kneeling
down was very imposing ; so was the salute
of the guns, echoed back again and again
through the mountains; and so was the low
rumbling sound which, as if all nature was de-
termined to have its part in the announcement,
came up from below the soil as the men rested
theirmuskets on the ground, the plain being
situated over a volcanic hollow. After it came
a flourish of bugles, very different, however,
from the silver trumpets of St. Peter's.
The mass, which had begun a little before
nine, lasted the usual half hour, and then the
Holy Father made his thanksgiving at a fold-
stool in front, after which, preceded by eight
or ten little girls, bearing white and yellow
flags, and strewing flowers, and accompanied

by his suite, he went into the adjoining erec-
tion to breakfast.

After breakfast he passed into the reception-
tent, where a great number of persons crowded
in to kiss his foot, and ices were handed round
with great liberality. Prince and Princess
Massimo were there, and Prince Lancellotti
and his brother ; also Prince Aldobran,ini and
Prince and Princess Sarsana, and Cay. de Rossi
and his wife and little child. He was bright and
cheerful, as usual, and did not show the least
sign of weariness, but let fall continually
some words of edification, or some jeu de mots.
GeneralKanzler stood by his side and presented
the officers —that is, all who could make their
way through the press. Mgr. Stonor brought
forward the English College, now passing their
villeggiatura at Monte Porzio ; the boys of the
college under the Jesuits at Mon Dragone,
near Frascati, were also brought to him, and
the young men of the Polish Seminary. A. 4
these latter approached, the Holy Father said,
sadly and slowly, Polonia, rolonia, lugens et
fleas. The people continued to crowd round
so vigorously that many of the military com-
plained that, though it was for the army the
Pope had come there, they could not get near
him. At the end of an hour he advanced to
the front of the tent and gave the solemn
benediction, just' as outside St. Peter's, the
great body of people all kneeling. After it
there was a mighty cheer, and the soldiers
were marched off at a vigorous pas gymnas-
tique, and were set free, for he could not bear to
keep them standing in the sun ; but imme-
diately after he re-turned to his own laboars,
and taking his place on the throne, again
admitted various religious bodies, as well as
many officers -and lay people, but still there
were many of both, with equal claims to those
who had succeeded, longing fruitlessly to get
near him. Some soldiers, too, were disap-
pointed that they had not been called on to
perform some evolutions before him ; but, as
one of them very appositely remarked, it would
have been contrary to his character to do so.
"He comes amongst us to bless our spirit,
and to encourage our devotion to the Church,
but with our military tactics he has nothing
to do." The distinction so nicely drawn by
a very young man, who can have had little or
no education, struck me as one of the many
instances I have met of the superior intelligence
of our volunteers.

At last he got away and drove through the
lines, surrounded by the officers of the staff
and a crowd of equestrians, among whom were
many ladies, to the officers' messroom, where
their collation was laid out. Seeing some un-
ripe:fruit on the dishes, he thoughtfully pointed
out the danger to those who were with him.
Before leaving he blessed the table, observing
that " the Church has blessings for all acts of
human life, even for our repasts. May all
those who will partake of that spread here find
a place in the Heavenly feast above." From
here he passed into the infirmary and consoled
the sick, some thirty in number, who are
under the care of the Sisters of S. Vincent.
Thus, priving slowly, he had an opportunity
of seeing the preparations which had been
made to receive him. Those of the Dragoons
were, perhaps, the most tasteful of all. Their
arch was of green brown, and on it was writ-
ten in whisps of straw of chosen tint, cunningly
arranged, so as to look like burnished gold,
" A Pio Nono, i suoi Dragoni." The space
inside their quarters also was made into a tem-
porary garden, with brilliant parterries, formed
by placing.nosegays in pots hidden in the
ground, the borders being marked with little
sticks bent to form regular patterns. It was
almost amusing to see how the Zouaves, now
at their owndisposal, ran cheering after him ;
it made the place look like a huge playground,
for they skipped and scampered along just
like chiidren.

He went down to the village on foot. Some
idea of the steepness of the descent may be
formed by considering that the camp, while at
no great distance, stands 1,000 feet above
the town. He seemed in excellent spirits, and
looked very well, but had to lean a good deal
on his stick. The Zouaves have been work-
ing hard for a long time at a new.road, which
goes into the old one nearly a mile below the
town, and comes into that from the town to
the camp very near the latter. He stopped at
the junction to examine the work and have it
explained to him, and soon after the King
of Naples, who with great tact had kept out
of the way all day, met him again and knelt
for his blessing. On the invitation of the
municipality he went into the Church to adore
the Blessed Sacrament, and then drove to
Grottaferrata, amid the vociferous cheers of
both soldiers and people.
As on the last occasion, he went into the
Basilian Monastery there, and found four car-
dinals, who had come out to do him honour.
Cardinal Borromeo of course, also the Vener-
able Cardinal Mattei, Dean of the S. College,
and Cardinals Clarelli and di Luca. They
dined in the same room with him, as did also
the officers of the stair and the municipality
of Rocca di Papa, covers being laid for sixty.
From Grottaferrata he returned to the rail-
way station of Frascati a little before nightfall,
without passing through the town, which would
have kept him too late. The whole way was
lined by a compact mass of people, waiting for
his benediction. The cortege returned to the
Vatican about half-past eight.
While the Pope was at breakfast in the camp,
the cacciatori, among whom are many Swiss,
with excellent voice sang in chorus, and very
nicely, the Pontifical Hymn, their band accom-
panying. He did ample justice to the melody,
but he was, I have said, in a playful humour,
and seeing 4.gr.:Stenor near, could not forbear
exclaiming" Vedi, Stoner ! questi non hanno
stonati!" ("rithise others have not sung"—
stonare would be to sing out of tune, but in
asking Mgr. Stoner why his Zouaves had not
sung also, the pun. suggested by the analogy
of sounds was irresistible).

I have mentioned that refreshments were
served out to the crowd, but it would not be fair
also not to mention the singular forbearance
and good taste with which the favour was re-
ceived. Though there were people of all degrees
almost without restriction, there was not even
a peasant boy who showed the least want of
good breeiting in his mode of availing him-
self of the gratuitous delicacies.
The weather through the day, and, indeed,
for some time past, has been delightful. It
is not many degrees cooler in Rocca di Papa
than in Rome, but in the camp the air is
much fresher. There are, of course, men
who complain of heat. I have not seen one
mosquito all through the season. A troraba,
as a water-spout is appropriately termed here,
broke over Terni one day last week, and caused
a considerable overflow of the Tiber, which
went dashing away like a great torrent. I was
not in Rome at the time, but I understand
three men under Ponte Sisto were carried
away by it. From Rocca di Papa I saw
through the field-glass its surface covered with
the spoil of the banks through which they
have passed ; among other things, two horses
and a cart, and great quantities of timber,
wheat sheaves, and garden produce.
The beautiful little lake of Pie di Lucco,
just above the head of the Falls of Terni was,
it is said, sucked dry by the whirl of waters ;
the Neva and other torrents inundated the
country and ran impetuously into the Tiber
charged with whatever came within their
reach ; part of an iron bridge was washed
away, interrupting railway communication.
Great quantities of fish were brought down, so
that it was selling in Rome for a couple of
soldi a pound, and perhaps the strangest part
of all was, that two • or three species of large
fish were thus brought to light which were
quite unknown in Rome before.
Some of the blocks of valuable marble, to
the discovery of which on the Marmorata I
have often had occasion to make allusion, have
been already distributed by the Pope for use
in various churches. One of the richest has
been given for an altar for Lima in Peru ; a
considerable quantity to pave the churches of
the Tre Fontane, now under care of the Trap-

pists, and to whom the Holy Father has also
lately given the Mosaic of the Four Seasons
found at Ostia.. Some are to be kept for the
Basilicas of S. Peter and S. Paul outside the
walls, and perhaps the most appropriately
devoted of all go to restore the shattered and
weatherbeaten pavement of the glorious old
Pantheon.
On Sunday, August 30th, which is kept in
some churches as the festa of our Lady della
Salate, the Chapter of S. Peter's will go
through the ceremony of crowning an ancient
picture of our Lady in the Church of the Mad-
dalena, greatly valued by the people under the
title of la Madonna della Salate. This little
ceremony, which, while it damages a picture
for an artist's eye, increases its popular value
immensely, as an object of devotion, has been
observed from time to time for many centuries
past, the necessary funds having been left to
the Chapter of St. Peter's by various pious
persons. The conditions are :-1. That the
image be of a certain antiquity. 2. That it be
held in common veneration. 3. That super-
natural graces be known to have been granted
in answers to prayer made before it.
Mgr. Lavigerie having nearly concluded the
work for which he came to Rome, will leave
in a few days. The number of orphans taken
under his care after the famine in Algeria is
2,000, of those 600, whom all the care of the
Sisters of S. Vincent could not save from the
results of the privations they had undergone,
died after receiving baptism at the hour of
death. He also opened an asylum for widows.
Yusuf Karam, the celebrated chief of the
Maronites, now an exile from his country, is
still in Rome, whither he came to give to the
Pope an account of the condition of the
Christians of Mount Libanus. He speaks
French well, and is on his way to Paris
to seek redress and to be reinstated in his
former dignity. Failing this, he will publish
a manifesto exposing his wrongs to the pro-
tecting Powers, and then go among his own
people and act according to the support he re-
ceives from them, of which, by the way, as
well as that of Heaven, he seems to feel as-
sured, for his cause is not only his and theirs,
but the cause of Christianity in the Libanus.
His manners are pleasing and polished, and
there is an air about him which goes to sup-
port his reputation for personal bravery. He
is staying here with the Maronite Community,
near St. Pietro, in Vincoli.
In the course of the restorations going on at
the interesting old Church of S. Crisogono, the
body (brought thither a year ago from the
Church of la Pace) of the Ven. A. M. Taigi,
who received that title at the last canonization,
was exhumed'a few days ago by order of the
Cardinal Vicar, in presence of a commission
provided by Mgr. Bartolini, Secretary of the
Sacred Congregation of Rites, and several
distinguished medical men and others ; previ-
ous to depositing it in the new shrine prepared
for it in the Chapel of the B. Sacrament. The
leaden coffin with its pinetree lining, having
been removed, and a thick coating of white
mould which had formed within it, the remains
were found in a state of wonderful preset-ra-
tion, together with the clothing in which they
were originally interred. The hands and part
of the upper surface of the body were somewhat
decomposed, the rest white and flexible like a
living person, and even the eyeballs intact.
She was the wife of a servant of the Chigi
family, and a tertiary of the Order of Trini-
tarians, to which S. Crisogono belongs ; this
constituted their claim to the relics winch Sta.
Maria della Pace was very reluctant to sur-
render.

I have a letter from Gratz mentioning that
the Catholics of that plice, indignant at the
demonstration against the Concordat got up
by the Jews and Democrats of that place, have
drawn up a counter protestation of loyalty
to the Supreme Head of the Church, which is
receiving the signatures of peoples of every
degree, from the baron to the artizan. Don
Carlos •de Borbon, eldest brother of Doa
Alfonso, the Zouave, who is residing there, has
assumed the title of Duke of Madrid.

THE PACIFIC RAILWAY.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)

Some of our readers may think we devote too
much space to the progress of this railway ; but as
we regard it as the greatest of material undertak-
ings, and likely to carry with it a most important
moral influence—a portion of the feeling animating
the men at the ends of the lines finds its way into
our office, and will meet a response in every Ame-
rican heart, no matter where. That feeling has
received a spur by competition, and the necessity
to push on with the utmost rapidity, as the prize
awaits those who can first reach Salt Lake City.
Our readers are aware that two companies are en-
gaged in the formation of the Pacific line—the one
running west from Omaha, and the other east from
Sacramento, towards Salt Lake City, to meet, to
the East or to the west, the extra country belong-
ing to that company which can push furthest beyond
the goal before the junction. Until lately the
Californians thought the race was their's, and that
they would carry the Central Pacific, at least from
one to two hundred miles east of the Mormon city
before the Eastern line came up. But, energetic as
the Pacific men are, nobly as they have cut their way
through the Sierras of Nevada, they have been out-
stripped by their Eastern rivals, and are now work-
ing like fiends to save their. country West of Salt
Lake city. The tables are indeed turned, for the
odds at present are that the Omaha men will run
their line a hundred miles past the Mormon Taber-
nacle. A clause was introduced into the agree-
ment by the Government that neither company
should begin work at any point beyond three hun-
dred miles from the head of the constructed way,
and the great object each had in view was to get
their road within three hundred miles of Salt Lake
City. The Eastern Line has achieved this, and
being at liberty to work east from the Mormon
settlement to meet their line extending west, a
hundred miles of the Salt Lake end has been let in
two portions to BRIGHAM YOUNG and a Utah Gen-
tile firm, and the " saints," more especially the
young immigrants, are now hard at work from a
point thirty-five miles north of Salt Lake City
through Weber and Echo Canyons. The California
Company, spurred along by the progress on the
other side, are pushing up the Humboldt Valley,
and have actually undertaken to make one hundred
miles of road a month during the season, being
aided by a California invention which lays the track
by machinery. From the works between Sacramento
and San Francisco, having a monopoly, they have
transported all their men beyond the Sierra Nevada,
so as to concentrate their energies on this contest.
As they anticipate being quickly in a position to
work East from Salt Lake City they also have
placed themselves in communication with BRIG-
IIAM YOUNG, and the "saints" will soon be working
West for the Central Pacific to meet the line com-
ing East. Now, in this race the Mormons have a
direct interest. We have said that the Eastern
Company have contracted with the " saints" from a
point 36 miles north of the city, because they hope
to carry the line north round the Lake, leaving the
city to be connected by a branch. The Central
Company, on the other hand, desire to run the line
through the city, which is the better route, the
northern being a little the shorter, but much the
more exposed to the storms of winter, and the Mor-
mon settlement being the natural workshop and
headquarters for this portion of the undertaking.
It is supposed that the directors of the Eastern line
desire, in avoiding the Salt Lake City, to secure
the establishment of a township at the junction
of the two roads, to profit by land jobbing. But
the Mormons, who foresee the destruction of their
faith in this iron road, hope to reap much mam-
mon in exchange, and are anxious that such great
advantages should. nob be lost to their city.
Those who are surprised at the heat of the
struggle which is rapidly lessening the distance
between the head of the Easte,ra and the head of
the Western lines, are not aware of the value of
the prize. The Government grants $16,000 a mile
across the plains, but as that work is all finished
and paid for, it no longer enters into the calcula-
tion. The sum for every mile through the Rocky
Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, and other chains,

is $48,000 ; and in the intervening valleys through
the Desert Basin, and along the liumbollt, the
amount paid is 132,000 for every mile completed.
An equal sum i 3, by permission of the Government,
raised on bonds, secured as a first mortgage on the
road ; and as the utmost liberality is shown towards
both companies, in deciding what is mountain and flat
they obtain the highest sum for the greater portion .
after leaving the plains, which, with grant and
mortgage, amounts to $96,000 per mile. As the
road costs less than the sum received for the grant
and mortgage, the bonds now selling freely at above.
par, the prize of constructing a line on such splen-
did terms requires no effort of imagination to
comprehend. But this is a very small portion of
the advantages. Our English readers know what.
English railway directors hold to be the value of
appropriating country. It was this more than
aught else that broke down as paying property
the railway system of Great Britain. No General
can more pant to overrun the enemies' territory
than a railway director to appropriate country. lie
regards himself as a spider whose web ought to
stretch in every direction, ramifying everywhere
and well secured at the best termini. This feeling
doubtless, more than any other, drives the directors
of the Continental railroad along. They want to
appropriate country, and every mile the one gets
East and the other West is a mile secured to them-
selves and grasped from the clutches of their rival.
But when the directors talk of " appropriating
country" they mean it not morally, but physically.
It is not a carriage monopoly alone they get, great
as that is, but an estate which in its aggregate
is an empire many times the size of Great Britain.
The Government grants to the corporations half
the land for a distance of twenty miles on each
side of the track—that is, 25,600 acres for every
completed mile. Not only, then, do the directors
get their line constructed without calling on the
shareholders for a cent, not only do they secure
the enormous influence which is in direct propor-
tion to the length they can carry their road, but
they receive as they go princely estates, and herein
we find the secret which drives along the road at
the rate represented by the private secretary of
GEORGE FRANCIS TRAIN, dated July 20, from two
to five miles a day. From the account of the
origin of the company given by Mr. TRAIN in our
last issue, we learn its connection with the Credit
Foncier. The fact is, in each company the directors
are the contractors ; the Omaha one having given
the contract to themselves to build the entire road
from Omaha to Salt Lake for P 8,058 per mile,
including stations and shops, with rolling stock to
the value of five millions, and this contract has
proved most profitable. It is no wonder that
jealousy is now so generally arising in the United
States, and all sorts of slanders, open and covert,
brought against the directors. There can be no deny-
ing the fact that it is a gigantic job, that the pro-
moters have made a first-rate bargain for
theniselves, perhaps the best ever made by any
body of men ; and if GEORGE FRANCIS TRAIN
was at the bottom* of it, all we can say is that,
he is far more sharp in looking after his ova
interest than the world gives him credit for.
Allowing this, let us at the same time glance at the
question from the national stand-point. The
opening of the road from New York to San Fran-
cisco will be the greatest event of modern times.
We do not say this as any figure of speech, or
intending by exaggeration to impress on our readers
the astonishing grandeur of the undertaking, but
in sober earnest. It means a revolution in travel--
it means • the making of the United States the
highway of nations—it means turning North Arne'
rica from an extremity pf civilization into a centre
of civilization. • A few decades hence Europeans
will know more of the United States than Aloe'
ricans know of Europe, and Asiatic and Paci6e
nations far more. We have had a ridiculous
alliance between Russia and the United States'
founded on ignorance, sentiment, and absur-
,
dity ; but we shall soon have a true, genuine
commercial alliance and intercourse between
the United States and China. Jealousy is a farce,
for no jealousy can prevent that which nature hag
decreed, while it simply stirs up a bad and unwhole-
some feeling. Therefore—let England gracefully
accept the fact, and learn that American influence is
dominant in the Chinese Seas, and that this nothing
can touch. 'lhe Pacific Railway turns the North
Pacific Ocean into an American Lake ; let JOO.ll
BULL shake hands with Uncle SAJI, and Britannia
kiss Columbia congratulating them on the achieve-
ment, for it is worse than useless to be sulky, and
the next greatest benefit after SAM'S, will be that W
BULL himself.

Fifteen young Japanese of high rank are being
educated in Massachusetts, five being at the Mons°
academy and one at Amherst under the charge of A1P12.,e1;,19
Hardy, of Boston.
orS
The elephant of the American menagerie AIY""
and Bell, lately sold by auction at Havre, was placed P'
visionally in a stable in the Rue Sell'. A few nights
the huge animal was suddenly seiz3d with a desire to taP
a little exercise, so it broke its chain, forced open the doc/r
of the place, and went to the Place Louis Philippe, vibe°
it walked about for a time. In the course of its peramby
lation, meeting with a gas pillar, it broke it down ltW)
rod. The keeper, however, being warned of what gral4
going on, hurried to the spot, and had no difficulty jo re'
placing his charge in its former resting place.
LADVERTISEMENT. I—Holloway's Ointment and Pills -;
Invincible Remedies for Scorbutic Erruptions.-314
Spivey, chemist, Howden, states that one of his customer
had suffered for fifteen years with a scorbutic humour 01/
the face, and had consulted the most eminent medical 110
in the town and neighbourhood without deriving /iv,
slightest benefit. A few weeks ago he advised her to kof
the ointment and pills a trial, which she did, and of
taking a few boxes of pills and using the ointment tbay
checked the disease and effected a complete cure. Forte,
eruptions on the face this ointment is an unequalled :0
medy. Holloway's treatment enters the system, dead'
the seeds of disorder, and thus radically removes'-
outward blemishes. to
LADvEarssEmENr.)—Avoid Medicines: they always aggr- og
chronic complaints: but Du Barry's delicious health-recto.
Reva.enta Arabica Food, which yields three times the nourdleff,
meet of the best meat, saves 50 times its cost in other refine
and invariably restores perfect digestion, strong nerves, 09;1
lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functi°,lo
regularity, anti energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. ..„(1
extract a few out of 68,000 cures The Pope's health restos76
by Du Barry's Food. Cure No. 68,413.—"80rne, July 21, 0,
—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially floy
abandoning all other remedies, he has confined himself ent_.t.,,eo
to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he COnsfilo,
a plateful at every meal. It has produced a surprisingly easel
tidal effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this ure
lent food too highly." From the "Gazette du Midi, July 25 , liver
No. 58,216, of the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven years QOO
complaint, wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a Ile' ,03
palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessuessy,-,r4
the most intolerable nervous agitation.." Cure No. 1,771; 50
Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieutenant of Waterford, of manY )rfroo
dyspepsia. N0..49,832: " Fifty years' indescribable ageilletiel,
dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, Rata No;
spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Joly."—cure ore
46,270: Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 Y 00,1
diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangemeutt,,,ol,.
partial deafness. Important Caution.—Beware of the .iotfi
unsavoury and snore than sloppy imitations to which, "ole'lled•
authority, Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously alt I to.;
In tins, at is. 13d.; 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 2 lbs., 4s. 6,1. ; 5 1b5.,000.4
12 lbs , 22s ; 241bs ,40s.—Also Du BARRY'S BEVALENTA. AgA
CHOCOLATE POWDER is packed in tin canisters; For 12 cutrsos4
25., for 24 cups at 3s. 6d., for 48 cups at 65., for 288 cups
for 576 cups at 555. Being about one penny per cup.
and 555. tins are sent free of carriage in England on No. 77f
of Post Office Order.—BAßßY DU BARRY and CO.,
Regent-street, London; and all Grocers and Chemists.

Births. . miolll
BARLOW— On the 20th inst., at Grafton House, BOP

the wife of Geo. Barlow, of twin sons. a de-
SUR TEES—On the 21th inst., at 3, Somers-place,
park, the wife of Alfred W, Surtees, Esq., of a 500' the
VILLIERS-70n. the 21st inst., at A,lisham Rector'',

Lady Victoria Villiers, of a 'daughter.
Marriages.
St rge:°,;,
BRoADtitRsT—SEABROoK—On the 22d inst, P.
Hanover-square, John E. Broadhurst, Esq., late varoalY,
4th Dragoon uards, to Helen Amelia Vallanceiste pla
daughter of the late Brewster Seabrook, Esq., of t
Steyne, Bright.
RAIKES—MoNao— on
On the 20th inst ,at Valley End, bo g
sco
ham, Robert T. Raikes, only son. of R. Raikes,
Treberfydd, Brecon, to Sophia Jane Moor°,
rO.
daughter of IL Monro, M.D., 13, Cavendish-Wa

ARTHUR—On the 22d inst.,Dea attl9l,SN'otting-hill-scluttre' 3:°1311
Arthur, son., aged 69. ~ t..
GOULBURN —On the 24th inst., at 5, Se -moor-street, 0001
man-square, Mr. Sergeant Goulburn,3'one ofll.lu-'-
missioners in Bankruptcy, aged 81. „vote
LUMLEY-0 a the 23d iust , at Sztndbeck Park, Visc-s o'
QusLieDuanibilseoGyroT,
totighNheLeldest son. of the Earl and coutte.,
, „ of
aOgnedthle92. Ist inst.., Edward Quiddi"“)-1
the Roebuck Hotel, Richmond-hill, aged 41. ut. r•
SHARP—On the 17th inst., at Shanklin, Isle of Wrj,glr
:iiilol ,
M. Sharp, Esq., late of 23, Grafton-square, Ui
Surrey, aged 40. „,, trollir
WHEELEa.t—On the 22d inst., at 8, Thurloo-plat.-1- I
ton, Mr. George H. Wheelon, aged 49. AO'
f3cele
WHITE—On the 23d inst., at 72, Stanley-street,
square, 'Mr. Wm. White, aged 49.
------- ,s,oo,
London : Printed and Published by WELLIAX AND,' 119;
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tan Sun 061c3, r 0 oi
Strand, in the Precinct oft
h
&my, in the 0 ai '
Middlesex.--Tuesday, August 25, Id6B,