The Sun.
London, England, 1868-01-29 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 29, 1868.

ever views they take, they will be consistent
in carrying them out to the best of their
ability. A vacillating or wavering course can never
answer in tle foreign affairs of this country, and no
better prool of the value of decision could be given
than the Lu xemburg question, which was so speedily
and satisfactorily settled, to the great admiration
and surprise of all.

Mr. MC'WBRAY next referred to the Reform mea-
sure of las t session, and the good fortune which
had attended the present Government in arriving
at a solution of the problem which had puzzled so
many, and which Lord RUSSELL, with all his ex-
perience, Lord ABERDEEN, with all the talents in his
Cabinet, and Lord PALMERSTON, with all his power,
Mad alike failocl to accomplish. The J udge-Advocate-
General was very fair in his observations, for he
admitted tkat they mainly owed the result to the
patriotism of the House of Commons, and the ab-
sence of party spirit which the majority of that
assembly had'displayed. They, however, owed it
also, as he well remarked, to the way in which
4‘ that House of Commons was led, by the remark-
able sagacity, by the admirable tact, the unfailing
temper of the Chancellor of the Exchequer." Mr.
MOWBRAY concluded his interesting remarks by
touching upon the question of Ireland, and
regarding the Church question he said, that
this session would not see its settlement be-
cause of the appointment of the Commission
to inquire into it.

The land question might perchance be dealt with
if they could make out what was really wished for
in respect to it. This address is one worthy of
notice, since it enters fully and fairly into the chief
points of the present day, and treats upon them
in a candid and straightforward spirit. The
more things are regarded in this light the better
for all concerned, both for the constituencies and
the members, since nothing can be gained by a
false impression being conveyed, and things made
to appear as they are not.

The present condition of trade and employment
at the East End of London is becoming one of the
most serious questions. of the day. With general
depression everywhere, with the prices of the neces-
saries of life exceptionally high, and trade of all
kinds dull, there exists no doubt in many parts of
the country, and more especially in the metropolis,
a large and exceptional amount of distress. In the
East End, however, the destitution which always
prevails more or lees has reached a terrible height.
The chronic disease has assumed an acute form, and
absolute starvation not only threatens the pauper
classes, but snatches its victims every week. So pain-
ful a state of things has naturally called forth a ready
response from the public, and so prompt and liberal
have been the contributions that some fears have been
expressed that the people may become permanently
pauperised. The troubles of the future, however,
are not the most pressing consideration. It is the
perplexity of the present which is engaging the
attention of good and thoughtful men. The first
question in the mind of the really benevolent, on
hearing of such widespread distress, is naturally
what employment can be provided, and what is
the condition of the principal' trade of the
district. The answer to the first part of
this inquiry is being earnestly sought for, and
has in part been found by a committee in Bethnal-
green, who, under the charitable auspices of Miss
BURDETT COUTTS, have organised an extensive
system of road clearing and similar work for des-
titute labourers out of employ. There are thou-
sands whose work, always precarious, depends
chiefly on the weather, and to whom wet and frost
are deadly enemies. There are are others who
hwaavye
sbe ec eu nr t
jaef ct
andel byth
ot hceo
nds ec rueesns
te di n st
et ar
rt eu
pot f r ai
Li oil- f
my y
innedwa s
t'ar,ioerkuss .
mAelnl s u a b u
will hraenrks ,f
uil fl y honesttern
their hands to road cleaning or any other
work be provided, well content
toearntehaigt may
hteenpence a day to keep the wolf from
the door, and glad to get in such hard times nine
shillings a week instead of their usual eighteen.
But the class above them can appreciate no such
logic, and a meeting of considerable importance,
held the other day at Limehouse, shows clearly how
great are the difficulties of the case. We have said
tbat those who wish to assist such wholesale distress
among a dense population would naturally ask,
" What is the condition of the principal trade of
the district ?" Every ono knows the answer
to this in Poplar, Millwall, and the Isle
of - Dogs. Shipbuilding is the all engross-
ing employment, and shipbuilding in the Thames
yards is in an unprecedented state of depression.
Yet on the Clyde, at this moment, the amount of
shipbuilding is half as much again as it was at this
time last year ; and in the yards on the Tyne and
the Wear there is no stagnation like that experi-
enced at Cubitt-town, Milwall, and Poplar. The
meeting, held last Saturday in Burdett-hall, Lime-
houre, was summoned to consider the present posi-
tion of the trade, and to adopt such measures as
I may lead to renewed employment. Masters and
men were
,alike strongly represented, the hall was
who could not obtain admission
d
i the entry.
. Some 1,500 working men were
present,thronged,stood
and the proceedings were listened to with
the deepest interest. The men were freely invited
to express their opinions ; and many of them did
accomplished. A corn-
tt
workmenle definite
w a
was,
however,s
appointed to con-
isieri'tbtwe but
of little
the masters, so that we may hope some
maye
thatbe arrivedth
tra d at.ei s
pmlauitnuaflactsofthe understandingmatter
argoing
e
from the Thames yards to those in Scotland and the
north of England. The men say this is the fault of
the masters ; the masters say that it is the fault of
the men. The men complain of a system of sub-
contracts, by which a few men get all the profit
which should be divided among the many, and the
workmen cannot come into direct communication
with the large employers, but only with the mid-
dlemen. 'Thus on one speaker asking " Why did
not the men meet the masters?" a voice in the
body of the hall answered, " It is the foreman who
would meet us." This has no doubt something to do
with the mischief, as it places a barrier between
employer and employed which interested persons
are ready to make the most of. Prejudices and
misunderstandings which might easily be disposed
of by a frank and straightforward explanation
grow from molehills into mountains for want of
it, and the men and the masters grow to look
upon each other as natural enemies and anta-
gonists, instead of as partners in trade,
who must rise or fall together. The case of the
masters is, however, still stronger than that of the
men, and it is clear that it has mare to do with the
prevailing distress. Trade is bad, money scarce,
speculation inactive. E very one admits these facts,
but the workmen in the Thames yards will only
work at the same rate as in times of prosperity and
plenty. The natural consequence is that orders go
elsewhere, and if work done in the Isle of Dogs for
6s. 6d. can be done in other places for 4s. 61., it
is no great wonder that while the Thames yards are
all but empty the tonnage of iron shipbuilding
now on the Clyde is 115,00,) tons, against 80,000 of
last year. No more elaborate explanation need be
sought for than the difference of price. Men will
not pay dear when they can get the same thing

cheap any more than the workmen themselves would
give a shilling for a loaf at one baker's when they
could get it at another for eightpence. Facts speak
for themselves. Captain CAMPBELL stated uncon-
tradicted that five weeks ago he took the specifica-
tions of a ship of 500 tons all round the Isle of
Dogs, and said to the builders, "If you can build
t for within £1 a ton of the price at which it would
be taken on the Clyde, I will give it to you." The re-
ply was everywhere, " We cannot look at it for the
price. It is of no use offering it to us." Mr.BULLIVANT,
one of the secretaries of the East London Central
Relief Committee, said that he was prepared to
place in their hands a contract for two ships of
1,000 tons each—ordinary iron ships. He asked
the men to state publicly at what rate they would
work on these ships, but he could get no answer.
He told them that this very week a Sunderland
builder had come to London and taken back with
him au order for two 1,000 ton ships. The men
refused to adopt a resolution pledging them to ac-
cept work at the same rate of payment as in the
north of England. Mr. BULLIVANT, as one
well acquainted with the prevailing dis-
tress, spoke out boldly. He told the men
were willing to accept
ehpeeynd on charity, and the
lowerth a that h
re a had
sa dr
au
tnhdeerr stthoaonl
dt
question they had to answer was whether, in this
time of depression, they would work for lower wages
than they had received in times of prosperity. Upon
this there were cries of "No, no," and " Question."
Some of the men contended that the wages now
paid were as low as men with families could live
upon. But how, then, are they to live without any
wages at all ? The question is not between a whole
loaf and a half loaf, but between half a loaf and
no bread. The Thames workmen cannot live on less
than 6s. 6d. a day, the Clyde workmen can live on
4s. 6d., so the Clyde workmen get their 4s. 61,
while the Thames workmen get nothing. With
hundreds of thousands pauperised and clamouring
for parish relief, with weekly deaths from starva-
tion, and hundreds struggling on its verge, these
men are not only sacrificing themselves and their
families, but those unskilled labourers whose work
depends on theirs. But the wolf has not yet come to
their door, and they do not realise the actual position
of affairs. The time may come, and must come if
they do not grow wiser, when they will not have
the chance of work, when credit and trades' unions
will fail them, and children will ask them for bread
in vain. Let them grow wise in time, lest, like
many of those above them, they have to learn, by
sad experience, that it is only too possible to live in
•
London on less than 6s. 63. a-day.

The discussion on the Army Bill is still being
proceeded with in the French Senate, and some
dissentient opinions prevailed. The Minister of
War pointed out the advantages which the bill
presented, declaring that by its provisions France
would be placed in a position that would secure her
from all eventualities. Subsequently the bill was
passed with only one against it. From the France
it seems that Italy is in anything but a satisfactory
state just now; and indeed rumours are afloat to
the effect that VICTOR EMMANI:EL will dissolve the
Chambers, and accomplish a coup d'etat. In the
sitting of the Chamber of Deputies at Florence a
very stormy debate took place, and General MENA-
BREA was censured for having remained in office
after the adverse vote of December. This was,
however, refuted by Signor CRISPI, who
amnadindtaidinendot thatwish
tt obe party on the Left
spoke were willing to abide the issue of events,
with precipitate
his usual decision,
matters. Ge-
neral MENEBREA
and declared that they were really guided by the
desire of preserving the welfare of Italy. It is to
be hoped that the General will meet with the suc-
cess which he deserves, and that his prudent course
may eventually gain the day.
In Austria things seem improving, and the
nut
weekof l
vtaor.
. discuss,rhe
the reforms of the military organization, under
Special Commissioofn will me in:ieite
the Presidency
recent startling changes which have taken place
seem to have produced a striking effect in all circles
of the country, and already the very exclusive
spirit which exercised so pernicious an influence in
the state of society in Vienna seems to be de-
parting, nlEy to exist in a modified form. The
Baroness von and ousT has just given an entertainment
which
B
society of
which differs in some respects from other affairs
of the same sort. In issuing her cards the Baroness
departed from the old system, and kept to
we.
Lone of those rigorous restrictions which
oi
which
'Chia
pso
is
pre-
existedextended
The so e
line,
extended even to long as barriers in the
tradesmen,
far more sensible than the old system hs
that a complete innovation has been mad
vailed, and under which even the daughter
of the
Minister was slighted if her family were not a noble
one. In these days of progress it is not the way to
prosper to abide by the old regime, which is fettered
in its limits, and great credit is due to the Baroness
for having had the courage to set such an example,
a courage which will not be underrated by those
who know the difficulty of the tt a empt. This is
an encouraging sign to notice in Vienna, and it is
to be hoped that it may prove a good augury, and
that a more enlightened spirit may prevail than
any which could be engendered by the worn out old
dogmas of the departed days of feudalism, quite out
of character with those who should act i •
n accordance
with the spirit of the age.

DEATHAND COF
0x zo
Uwe L LYTHE MUSICAL COM-
POSER
regret to have to announce
the death of this popular musician-the musical director at
the Theatre Royal Drury-lane-which took place yester-
day afternoon. Mr. Tully had been suffering more
or less from bronchitis for a short time, but nothing
nAulcß.
of a serious nature was apprehended. Mr. Tully led
the band as usual at the theatre on Monday last, but
soon after the return home ho was seized with the most
alarming symptoms, which terminated in his death yes-
terday. The deceased was a gentleman much and de-
servedly respected in the musical profession, of which he
had been a member for many years. Mr. Tully was asso-
ciated with the late Madame Vestris during her first brilliant
season at the old Olympic Theatre, and al-ranged the music
for all her splendid productions. He afterwards joined a
company at the Lyceum, where ho not only arranged the
music, but sustained musical parts in burlesques which
were produced there, the most notable of his impersonations
being Selim in the extravaga.nza of " Blue Beard." Mr. 1 ully
of late years became the musical director of Drury-lane
Theatre, a post which he has held for a very long time
under various managements, and how he fulnlled his duty
the popularity which has attached to his music of itself
best testifies. xr.
Tully was a gentleman of the kindest
disposition, and his death will be heard with the deepest
regret by the public at large.
PRIVATE BILLS IN PARLIAMENT.—The examiners
of petitions for private bills on standing order proofs,
Messrs. Frero and Palgrave, resumed their sittings yester-
day morning. Before Mr. Frero the following unopposed
bills were taken, viz.:- The Eastbourne Gas, the Totten-
ham and Hampstead Junction Railway, Wimbledon and
Wandsworth Canal, Great Marlow Railw ,y, and the
Glastonbury and Street Tramway. No opposed bills were
heard before this examiner. Before Mr. Palgrave the fol-
lowing unopposed bills were taken, viz. : -The Barrow-
in Furness Corporation, Carnarvon and Llanberis Rail-
way, Lytnington Harbour and Docks, and the Brompton,
Chatham, Gillingham, and Rochester Waterworks. The
following opposed bills were then taken, viz. : -The Me-
tropolitan Tramways and the Isle of Wight Central
Railway. The opposition to the Tramway Bill was with-
drawn.

MEETING OF THE BAR.—About 400 members of
the Bar met on Monday evening in the Lord Chancellor's
Court, Lincoln's Inn, when resolutions were adopted to
take steps for the
arrangement than at present exists for the hearing, in
purpose of obtaioing a more convenient
the county courts, of causes in which counsel are en-
gaged.

nORLLWONDENCE FROM PARIS.

ITI:031 OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, TUESDAY) Jan. 28.

It may surprise your readers to be told that the report
or M. -Maple gaVe great satisfaction on the Bourse. It
did so for this simple reason, that, spite of the Army
Organisation Bill, those who read between the lines cduld
see that there was no likelihood of the peace of Europe
being troubled. There is, we are beginning to think,
nothing aggressive in either the Loan or in the Army Bill.
They mean simply this : the army of France must be the
largest and the best equipped in Europe ; the Emperor
wills it. By the way, M. Magne has gained great credit
for the precision and explicitness of his language. It is,
perhaps, due to those qualities that his financial statement
is ono of the few that had been fully discounted on the
Bourse before it was made, and was not followed by a fall.
It is stated that small provincial capitalists will take up
the Hungarian in preference to the French loan. The
interest is very much larger, and the guarantee is con-
sidered sufficient.

The Presse concludes from M. Magne's statement that
to meet deficits and to cover projected expenses, the loan
will require ere long to be raised from 410 to 750 millions.

It is the policy of the supporters of the Empire to
attribute all the good things to the Chief of the State, and
all bad ones to his Ministers. When the ten journals were
condemned it was assiduously proclaimed that the Emperor
was displeased with the prosecution. I believe this alle-
gation to have been groundless, and that his Majesty
approved both the prosecution and the judgment. It is
long since a more unpopular act was committed by
any Administration. It would seem as if the in-
tense rigour of the existing press laws was being
applied to give a higher appreciation to the relaxations
which are alleged to be at hand. Meanwhile, the Emperor
is being plied by those about him who are allowed to give
advice to make his regime more thoroughly in accord with
its democratic professions. He is advised of the feeling of
insecurity which pervades the country, and which, spite
of his personal popularity, cannot be allayed without
more freedom of discussion, of election, and of public
meeting. The Emperor's acts and language show that he
regards such advisers—though they may be near relatives
—as persons who do not understand his policy.
After the prosecutions of the ten journals, two amend-
ments were entered, with a view of being introduced into
the new press law, to define clearly the limits within which
the debates might be discussed by the press. It was sup-
posed that one or other of those would certainly be adopted.
A supplementary report just issued Mates that the com-
mission on the law has rejected both.
What freedom of election means in France has just been
exemplified at Lille. A large number of citizens requested
the Prefa du Nord to allow the candidates to meet the
electors to declare their views. This sagacious functionary
replied that it was not necessary ; it could only lead to a
useless agitation ; the opinions of the candidates were suffi-
ciently well known. Those who reason about universal
suffrage in France must bear in mind the circumstances
under which it is exercised.

According to the Liberty, the majority of the deputies
regard the law on public meeting with growing disfavour.
They argue : It is a law against ourselves ; to vote it is to
commit suicide.

A strong expression of public indignation has been
excited by the proposal of M. Hausmann to carry a new
street through the Cemetery Montmartre. To any civi-
lised people a ruthless proposal of this kind to disturb the
dead would be unwelcome ; to Parisians it was positively
odious. The subject was brought before the Corps
L6gislatif by Lanjuinais. He was listened to with pro-
found silence, and produced an unpleasant impression,
which the Government only partially effaced by giving
the assurance that the road would be carried over a viaduct
supported by arches, and that only two-and-twenty
tombs would be interfered with.

An act of disrespect to the dead is attributed to the
Russian Minister at Vienna, which is almost incredible'
It is stated that in the evening after the funeral of Maxi.
milian—when every outward respect was being paid to his
memory by the citizens of Vienna,—the Russian Minister
held a reception at his hotel almost immediately opposite
the very doors of the convent where Maximilian was in.
terred.

We have the assurance of Prince Gortschakoff that the
"Eastern crisis" is not to be precipitated. He has in.
structed Russian diplomatic agents abroad to proclaim
that Russia will " under present circumstances do every.
thing in her power to avoid an explosion." There is a
growing opinion here that the Turkish question is settling
itself, and that Russian influence over the Christian sub-
jects of the Porte is on the wane, and Western influence
increasing daily.
A capital retort is attributed to Prince Michael of
Oervia. France, Austria, and England united in remon-
strating with him on his warlike preparations. The Prince
replied that he had been compelled to arm in view of the
large armies that were being raised by the great Powers
of Europe. What could France say to that? The Sultan
is about to place an army of observation to keep a look-
out on Servia, Montenegro, and Herzegovina ; so we help
Turkey with our advice, and hinder her with our example.

The Expose Succinct of the Army Law is attributed to M.
Dumas, senator, and member of the Institute. Ar-ropos
of M. Dumas, author, a weekly paper states that he has
earned with his pen over 19,000,000 f.—that is to say,
upwards of £760,000. Romancers often write with gold-
pointed pens in France. Somebody asked Dumas what
way he had taken to get through so much money. "Oh
several ways," he replied, laughing. His friend knew that
with him it had been " lightly come, lightly go."
The King of Greece is in luck. According to reports
from Athens, the Emperor Napoleon has made him a
present of two batteries of rifled cannon ; and a Belgian
banker has offered to negotiate for him a loan of £1,000,000.

According to a correspondent of the Independance Bclge,
Lord Clarendon has returned from his tour in Italy,
including the Neapolitan provinces, with the firm convic-
tion that the immense majority of the intelligent popula-
tion of the country are devoutly attached to the principle•
of national unity. A return to the former state of affairs
is, he considers, impossible.

Political feeling runs very high in Italy. A few days ago
two of the deputies—Nicotera and Assanti—came to blows
in the Palazzo Vecchio, a large room in the very precincts
of the Chamber. The quarrel originated in violent asper-
sions on the Right by Nicotera, and it was settled by a
duel with sabres, from which Nicotera receded with a severe
cut on the head. No importance can be attached to the
rumours current in Paris of an intended coup d'etat in Italy.
Similar rumours have been promulgated scores of times
before.

The Post states that the letters of some of the English
statesmen who are staying in Italy express a certain want
of faith in the political prudence of the Italian people.
This is said to go so far that, with reference to the Roman
question, the position of the Cabinet is undergoing a
change which may probably open new prospects of SUCCCS3
to the French project of a Conference.

The people of Vienna are delighted with the last
evidence which has been given of the triumph of consti-
tutionalism in the empire—the submission of the Com-
mandant-in-Chief to the Minister of War. Archduke
Albert, the victor of Custozza, is subordinated to General
Kuhn, the Minister of War. The War Office was sup-
posed to be the last region into which the new ideas could
penetrate.
The treaty of commerce between Austria and the Zoll-
verein is expected to be concluded at Berlin shortly. Mean-
while Austria and Prussia have renewed their conjoint
efforts to extort a treaty with Russia. Her tariff is a great
drawback to the commerce across the frontiers.
Count Apponyi, the Austrian Ambassador at the Court
of St. James's,is expected in London in the course of a
few days. His Excellency has been in Italy on a visit to
his daughter, who was recently married to a Prince
Borghese.
An attempt is to be made to repress the abuse of freedom
of speech in the Prussian Chambers. Several members of
the Upper House have introduced a project of law which
would render an offending orator who could not be other-
wise pursued liable to he prosecuted before a special court,
formed of members of the Chamber. Th action might be
commenced by the person injured, by thee Chamber, or by
the Public Prosecutor.
It is announced that Lord Hobart, whose controversy
with " Historicus" has at length come to a close, is about
to proceed to Constantinople, where he was some years ago
sent as commissioner to inquire into the state of Turkish
finance, in the capacity of resident director of the Otto-
man Bank, with a salary of £2,000 a year.
The London correspondent of the Manchester Guardian
states that committees of the Cabinet on whom the duty
devolves of preparing and elaborating the measures to be
submitted to Parliament sit daily. It is believed that the
details of the Government plan of education have not yet
been determined on. The prudent minority who would,
without convictions, but from clei.r.3ighted views of
party policy, go with the times in favour of a con-
siderable expansion of the existing system, have hard
work of it to bring the majority of their col.
leagues to reason and the abandonment of their
OA prejudices. It is understood that nothing will be
proposed this session regarding Ireland involving any risk
of political discussion among the Conservatives, with
whom Lord Stanley's speech at Bristol is taken for a
pledge that, whatever changes may ensue in the Adminir.
tration, he. will adhere to his paternal faith. Without
some confession on his part, it was felt that he could not
hope to take the lead of the party on his father's resigna-
tion—an event which, it is generally thought, cannot be
very song deferred

LATEST INTELL MENU.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

RUSSIA.

ST. PETERSB URGE Jan. 28.

It is officially announced that the General Bond
of the issue of the remaining £2,500,000 of the
Orel Vitebsk Railway Loan of £4,500,000, has been
signed by the company and the Imperial Govern-
ment, and transmitted to Messrs. Thomson, Bonar,
and Co., in]London.
A decree published to-day orders that the natu-
ralisation laws hitherto valid in Poland 012,1 be
superseded by the Russian laws on that subject.
The Governor of Poland has arrived here.

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Jan. 28.

The betrothal of Prince Humbert, Crown Prince
of Italy, with the Princess Margarita, daughter of
the Duchess of Genoa, has been officially deter-
mined. The object
_of the King's recent visit to
Turin was to demand the hand of the Princess for
his son.

HUNGARY AND CROATIA.

AGRAisi, Jan. 28 (Evening).

The Croatian Diet has decided upon sending a
deputation to Pesth for the purpose of coming to
an agreement with Hungary.

ARRIVAL OF THE CITY OF BALTIMORE.
NEW YORK, Jan. 18, Noon.

The report that Mr. Bl'Culloch bad ordered his
Department not officially to recognise Mr. Stanton
is denied. Mr. Stanton is exercising the functions
of his office and holding the necessary official inter-
course with the other Departments, but has not yet
been officially recognised by Mr. Johnson.

The Finance Commit tee of the Senate has reported
the bill re-enacting the Legal Tender Act.
The House of Representatives has not concurred
in the Senate bill repealing instead of suspending
Mr. M'Culloch's authority to contract the currency.
The bill goes back to the Senate.

Judge Wood's court at Selma, Alabama, has
been suppressed by military authority, on account
of the refusal of the judge to recognise negro

jurors.

General Meade has removed the Comptroller of
Georgia, and has appointed a military successor.
The Georgia Convention has adopted an ordi-
nance prohibiting imprisonment for debt, and has
passed a resolution of thanks to General Meade.

The Maryland Legislature has elected William
T. Hamilton (Democrat) to succeed Reverdy John-
son as United States Senator.

Advices from San Domingo state that the Baez
revolutionists have captured Puerto Plata.
The Inman steamer City of Baltimore arrived at
Liverpool this morning (January 29) with 33
passengers. She did not call at Queenstown owing
to the dense fog.