The Sun.
London, England, 1844-11-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 23, 1844.

for though the latter may, perhaps, have the authority
of the Rubric in his favour, the former may plead the
direct sanction of the Gospel, which never fails to
inculcate lessons of charity and toleration, and more
than once alludes to " peace on earth and good will
to men," as being the basis on which the Christian
religion is founded. But Show can there be either
"peace on earth," or " goodjwill to men," when the
Church, by its intolerant practices, is the first to
scatter abroad the seeds of discord and discontent ?
How can a spirit ;of harmony and forbearance be
expected to 'prevail in the social circle, when the
Church carries its theological prejudices to so great
an extent, as to refuse to administer the rites of
sepulture to him whose lot through life it was
to dissent, from conscientious motives, from some of
its particular dogmas, though in the ruling principle
of his belief he was a sincere and zealous Christian ?
Surely he is no longer a Dissenter from whose body
the breath of life has departed 1 Can the cold, sense-
less mass of clay which lies shrouded in the coffin,
and which Corruption in a few hours will claim as
her own, be justly reproached with its non-adherence
to the Thirty-nine Articles ? Is the Church bound,
as a part of her duty, to war with dust and ashes,
and push her theological animosity beyond the
tomb ? Cannot even Death soften the bitterness
of her feelings, and induce her to offer up a
prayer ',beside the grave of a Dissenter? The
Rubric may authorise her to refuse reading the burial
service over his ashes ; but justice—common sense—
humanity—religion—in a word, all the finer and
nobler instincts of our nature alike revolt at the
idea of such wretched—such preposterous bigotry.

The proceedings at a recent meeting of Road Trus-
tees, Commissioners of Supply, and Justices of the
Peace for the county of Edinburgh, convened for the
consideration, among other business, of Sir JAMES
GIBSON CRAIG'S " Resolutions" touching the Scotch
banking system, were of unusual interest and im-
portance. The " Resolutions," which have already
been before our readers, embodied the powerful case
of the people of Scotland against the extinction
of their one-pound, or small note circulation ; and
the not less powerful case of the Scottish banking in-
terest, against the introduction into that country of
the gold " standard of value," as it is called, which
Sir R. PEEL has been permitted to set up, by statute,
in this. The principal speakers at the Edinburgh
county meeting were the Viscount MELVILLE, the
Earl Of ROSEBERY, the Lord DUNFERMLINE (for-
merly the Right Hon. Mr. AnEacitomny), and Sir
J. G. CRAIG. On the original motion for the adop-
tion of the report embodying the " Resolutions" in
question, Mr. TYTLER, of Woodhouselee, moved an
amendment that it was expedient for the meeting
to defer the expression of any opinion on the subjects
of their discussion until the intentions of her MA-
JESTY'S Ministers thereupon should have been made
known. Fifteen hands were held up against, and
fifteen in favour of the original motion ; which was
finally affirmed by the casting vote of the Chairman,
Sir JOHN HopE, Bart.

The various speeches delivered at the meeting
appear to have ranged over all the principal grounds
on which the general question of a currency, its na-
ture, relations, and management—must be considered;
although, of course, the chief topic enlarged upon
was the tendency of any proposition for depriving
Scotland of her present small bank-note circulation.
As some of those speeches involved the most frequent
and specious fallacies advocated by the bullionist dis-
ciples of Sir R. PEEL, whilst others were remarkable
for the perspicuity and force with which they illus-
trated the argument in favour of retaining—for
Scotland—her present paper currency—we venture
to crave attention fur the remarks we propose to offer
upon them.
ft will be recollected, that after a vast deal of re•
monstrance, agitaion, and debate, at public and
other meetings throujhout Scotland, and a memorable
pamphleteering warfare, in Ahich Sir WALTER SCOTT
took an active and most useful lead, under the signa-
ture of " Malagrowther " Scotland was rescued
from the operation of the general principles anti the
particular measures that had been brought forward
by the present Sir R. PEEL in 1819 for the re•
organisi.ti ei of our monetary system. Again, when
Sir ROBERT submitted, in the course of last session,
what be calls " the complement" of his legislation in
1819, he was reluctantly compelled to postpone its
application to Scotland; for we will do him the jus-
tice to declare that he fairly and distinctly intimated
his purpose to bring her also within its scope in the
now ensuing year. We are, therefore, unable to see
the ground of Mr. TYTLER'S and Lord MELVILLE'S
hypothesis, that the intentions of the Premier on
this point are not yet sufficiently known. We warned
the banking interest, and the whole people of Scot-
land, at the time, when remarking on the fatal
supineness with which the parties who represented
them in Parliament, looked on at the visitation of the
Bank Charter Renewal Bill on the people of the
other portion of the United Kingdom—that their own
turn of suffering would, assuredly, come next, unless
they then, and at once, vigorously combined with
the English opponents of the measure in arresting its
further progress. We repeat, with regret, that,
generally speaking, the gentlemen connected with
Scotland held aloof. They saw that the Right Hon.
Baronet's " fire-raising"—in the legal phraseology of
their country—was about to consume the monetary
resources of England (and, eventually, of Ireland),
but they reflected that it was still a twelvemonth's
journey for this statutable conflagration from West-
minster to Edinburgh; so, on the night of the main
division, they went home quietly to their beds, some
of them without even the effort of contributing the
scanty buckets of their individual votes to the
miserable minority which represented the whole
force of extinction that could be brought even
to attempt to play upon the "devouring element"
—as the Bank Charter Bill might well be called
with reference to what it is, assuredly, even now
consuming. But we return to the Edinburgh county
meeting.
The speech of Lord MELVILLE, much as it is to be
commended for its general good sense and modera-
tion, will scarcely escape the censure of those who
may carefully peruse it. It was a trimming speech,
the object of which seemed to be to avert, by post-
ponement, a collision between the principles of cur-
rency (to the general soundness of which he testified)
embodied in Sir GIBSON CRAIG'S "Resolutions," and
the incompatible, but inevitable, tendency of those
on which Sir ROBERT PEEL'S measures are based.
To talk of the country's not knowing what monetary
measures applicable to Scotland are in contempla-
tion of Government, is not to deal in earnest with the
fact, or with the question. It is but attempting a
compromise between present expediency—founded,
we fear, on some political prepossessions—and perma-
nent principles, that must affect the most vital inte-
rests of the empire. On the engrossing matter of the
small bank-notes, his Lordship said, " He was not inl
the secrets of Government ;" yet "he did not hesitate
to say he did not believe they intended to meddle
with the subject ;" and yet, again, "at all events, he
did not think such a measure called for." Substantial
reasons, these, after the significant hint, too, of the
Premier, last session, for postponing the consideration
of the "Resolutions" upon which he was called to
vote ! But his Lordship, on a great economic State
question, has the vision of a Cyclops. He has but one
eye to look through. He can see Scotland, only, as
she stands before him. His bounded horizon does not
comprehend England. A bank-note currency, he
argues, " is a system to which the Scottish
people
are accustomed." (Have not the Eng-
lish been used to it, in a far more extensive
degree ?) " Gold might be more solid and preferable
on the whole ; but, so long as the people (of Scotland)
preferred this system (bank-notes) themselves, he
thought that Parliament would do very wrong to
compel the abolition of one-pound bank notes"—
paid Scotland. And wherefore not quodd England ?
But he approves of the gold standard for England—
whether because gold is more " solid " here, and the
people more " soft," than in the north, he does not tell
us. We must take leave to dispute some important
items in the statistics of his Lordship's speech (which,
on a balance of its arguments, really vindicated the
" Resolutions" it was delivered against). His Lordship
assumes the gold circulation of England to be
23,000,0001., exclusive of what is in the Bank. Take
this Bank store in round numbers at 14,000,0001.,
and Lord MELVILLE'S credulity must have exagge-
rated this enormous aggregate of 37,000,0001., we
venture to tell him, by nearly one-half. (We take
this amount of Bank bullion from last week's returns.
At another time we s.hall contrast the point it has

thus gradually decreased to with the maximum amount
of seventeen or eighteen millions which it touched at
the passing of the Bill of last session.) Lord MELVILLE
wisely, yet surely inconsistently with his own pre-
mises of satisfaction at the system of gold currency
now established in England, states that notwithstanding
the vast aggregate of our gold circulation, drains had
occurred upon the Bank of England, and might occur
again, which would again leave her coffers almost
empty.
" We may," continued his Lordship, " have drains
from short harvests—we may have drains from foreign
speculations, no matter whether wise or unwise—people
come demanding money, and they will have it. We may
have drains for foreign wars and subsidies, and from
various causes, but the greatest danger is from short
harvests. It was the duty of a wise Government, then,
to see that the circulation of this kingdom was in such a
state, that when any emergency shall occur, we shall be
able to supply the deficiency caused by the outpouring
of the coin of the kingdom. He wished to know what
Scotland was to do in such a case ? Could she furnish
her quota ?"

Will his Lordship be so kind as to point out what
England "is to do in such a case ;" how she is to
furnish her quota ?" What golden currency that
ever yet existed in any empire of the ancient or
modern world, would suffice to answer the demands
which ra domestic panic or a foreign war would in-
stantly produce for gold, in exchange for the millions,
multiplied by hundreds, not by scores, of British
securities represented in convertible paper ? How
does his Lordship suppose that the possible " de-
ficiency" he speaks of "isto be supplied ?" A case
occurs, no matter what, to create a run for gold.
The Bank, in contemplation of the probable extent it
may run to, contracts its issues; and the security Sir
R. PEEL leaves to all the operations of the immense
mass of represented property, or property struggling
for development into capital, is the balanced amount
of convertible Bank paper, and of—in fact, for this is
the ultimate resolution of his bullion problem—Bank
bullion. The enterprise of mercantile speculation
animating the energy of ready capital, is to be brought
up certainly, though at some uncertain moment, when
its action shall have exceeded the limited revolutions
and obstructed movements of Sir ROBERT'S double-
balance-gold-and-paper engine. Talk of a " standard
of value I" He has only succeeded—and but too well
—in devising a standard of limitation.
But we must postpone our further notice of the
Edinburgh county meeting till a future opportunity.

Accounts from Madrid of the 14th state that the
trial of General Paint was resumed at ten o'clock on
that day, in the presence of great crowds of spec-
tators, consisting chiefly of military men and fo-
reigners. RIBEIRA presided. The proceedings com-
menced with reading the act of accusation, the
written evidence, and all the other papers connected
with the affair from the beginning, which occupied
the Court till four o'clock, when the counsel for the
defence were asked if they had anything to say.
General SCHELLY demanded time to consider the
additional evidence produced, but he was allowed
only an hour and a half. At the meeting of the
Court the counsel for each made speeches, but they
were listened to with little interest, and the scene
was monotonous till General Pant himself appeared.
An eye. witness thus describes the scene and the ap-
pearance of the accused :

" General Prim is a very young, and still younger
looking, man, his age being only 32 years. He possesses
a handsome person, with a peculiarly prepossessing face.
He was dressed on this occasion in a plain black dress,
and the only thing military about him was his general's
scarf, which was sent to him last year by General Ser-
ra'io after a victory gained over Amettler at Maturo.
He was escorted into the middle of the hall by five sol-
diers. His appearance before the tribunal, his proud
carriage, the disdainful glance with which he regarded
his accusers, his firm and unembarrassed voice, and
his sang froid, produced a deep effect both on the judges
and on the public. Ile commenced by saying that had
he been accie ed simply of conspiracy against the
Cove rnment, he would not have appeared, but as people
had chosen to suppose him guilty" of a foul and
cowardly conspiracy, his honour required him to protest
with all his force against so abominable a calumny.
He went over the history of his principal accuser, Al-
berni, who at one time was dismissed from the army.
lie denied in the most solemn and positive manner the
assertions made by Alberni, and also protested against
the evidence given by the other accusers associated with
Alberni. The act of accusation, as drawn up by the Pro.
curator Fiscal, was also commented upon by the General
with great indignation and force. He complained that,
with regard to the trabucos, no proper investigation
had been made to discover the truth of that part of
the investigation, and he especially complained that
the superior officer to whom the trabucos were sent
during his absence, had not at all been interrogated.
He also complained in a very dignified but indignant
style of the unworthy manner in which he had
been treated in prison ; not having been allowed for
a long time even a chair on which to sit, and being
prevented from holding the slightest communication
with any one, not excepting even his advocates, whom
he was not allowed to see till he had been subjected to
the most minute examination. He went on to say that
the Procurator-Fiscal did not endeavour to prove his
case by the evidence given in the depositions, but endea-
voured to make out a case by picking out such portions
as suited his purpose, without reference to the whole
tendency of that evidence ; and he finished his speech
with the following words :—‘ Either the Procurator-
Fiscal has had the way he is to take laid down for him,
or if he acts of his own accord, he thirsts for blood.'
The speech of General Prim, which was spoken in a
bold and off-hand manner, prthlaceci a great effect upon
the audience. After General 2rim had finished, three
more of the accused were introduced, but they contented
themselves with simply protesting against the manner
in which the act of accusation was drawn up. The Pre-
sident then declared that the defence was at an end, and
the public were excluded."

The proceedings were brought to a close at nine
o'clock, but the judgment is not known, as it must be
submitted first to the Supreme Military Tribunal.
The discussion in the Chamber of Deputies, on the
Reform Bill, was continued, and every amendment
rejected. The abolition of trial by jury, in matters
connected with the press, was put to the vote, and
carried by 127 against 22.

The Three per Cents. were done at 271 i I for
cash, and 27 11-16 at 60 days; and the Five per
Cents. at 20 9-16 at 60 days.

The Paris papers contain a variety of articles on
various subjects, and of considerable interest. The
Co►rstitutionnel attacks the Government for the de-
fective state of the steam navy. The Commerce
follows in the same strain on the neglected state of
the mercantile navy ; and the Journal des Debate has
a very long article :on the necesasty of establishing a
better observatory at Paris, and calls upon the Go-
vernment to propose a vote in the Chamber for that
purpose. Lord ROSSE'S gigantic telescope seems to
have led the writer to the subject, who certainly puts
forth some amusing statements. Among others the
following :—" The moon herself, which, astronomically
speaking, is quite close to us (95,000 leagues, or
thirty times the diameter of the earth)—the moon,
with her ;gigantic mountains and her extinguished
volcanoes, is the heavenly body with which we are
the least acquainted. All that we know of her has
been obtained with glasses which magnify two hun-
dred times. The new apparatus that is proposed will
magnify six thousand times, so that we shall be able
to perceive the mountains of our satellite as from
Geneva we see Mont Blanc."
The National contains communications from its
Madrid correspondent relative to the trial of General
PRIM and the state of the country, with an article
denouncing in strong terms the CHRISTINO Cabinet,
and the arbitrary acts of NARVAEZ. No certain in-
telligence had reached Paris respecting the plans or
movements of ZURBANO. The following particulars,
however, appear in the Phare de Bayonne

" Some days back Zurbano, who since his return to
Spain has been residing on his property in the neighbour-
hood of Logrono, received an order from the Spanish
Government to proceed to Santander. It appears that,
in place of conforming to this order, he retired in the
direction of the Sierra des Cameros, mountains sepa-
rating the province of Soria from that of Logrono.
There, getting together some soldiers who had served
under him during the civil war, he placed himself at
their head, and penetrated unexpectedly into the town
of Najera, six leagues distant from Logrono. The
number of soldiers that accompanied him is not exactly
known. One version gives him 50 horsemen, another
' raises the number to 80, and finally, a third states that
he ha 3 with him 50 horsemen and 80 foot soldiers,
when he appeared before Najera on the evening of the
13th. As to the political ~tantiard which he has dis-
played,: nothing has come to our knowledge on that
point, although, for our own part, we are inclined to be-
lieve that he intends acting in favour of Espartero under
the banner of the Constitution of 1837, or rather that of
1812, according to which the Queen could be declared
under age, and a regency appointed for four years.
The persons who are acquainted with the ferocity of
Zurbano will not be astonished that his first act at Na-
jera was to have an unfortunate celador, who fell into his
power, shot. lie had been so long deprived of the
pleasure of shooting somebody ! It is said that he has
acted in a similar manner with respect to three other
individuals, which does not in the least degree sur-
prise us, but we ought at the same time to add that up
to the present time, we have learnt nothing with any cer-
tainty relative to these facts. Immediately after his
entry into Najera, Zurbano convoked the Municipal
Council, and had all the arms and horses fit for service in
the town delivered up to him. lie published an appeal

to all the Progressists in the country, and particularly
to such soldiers as served under his orders during the
civil war. The Commandant-General of the province
of Logrono hastened to dispatch extraordinary couriers
to the Captains-General of Burgos, Navarre, and the
Basque provinces, with the news of Zurbano's rising.
The Captain-General of Burgos immediately directed
two battalions composing the garrison of the place on
La Rioj a. On his side, the Captain-General of the
Basque provinces dispatched the day before yesterday all
the troops that could be disposed of at Vittoria, with
General Jauregui, the second in command. It is proba-
ble that the Captain-General of Navarre, from which
place we have not yet received any news, will also have
sent from Pampeluna forces in the direction of Viana
and Logrono. General Concha, the new Captain-
General of the Basque provinces, who left Madrid in the
night of the 13th, was proceeding to his command by
the malle-poste, but, on his arrival at Burgos, having
learnt the rising of Zurbano, he determined to remain
in that city until he could proceed with an escort, for it
was rumoured that some horsemen, who were said to
belong to Zurbano, had appeared on the high road."
The following is the article in the Constitutionnel
on the steam navy of France :
"According to a decision of the 4th of March, 1842,
our steam navy was to consist of 40 vessels—viz., 5 of
540-horse power, 15 of 450, 20 of from 220 to 320, and
30 of 160 and under ; assuming for the vessels of from
220 to 320 an average of 270, and those of 160 and under
an average of 150, the total would represent a power of
19,350 horses. Instead of these 70 vessels we had, on
the Ist of January, 1844, only 47, and most of them of
the smaller size, representing on the whole only 8,240
horses—viz., one frigate of 540, three of 450, one of 320,
seven vessels of 220, 21 of 160, 1 of 150, 2 of 120, 1 of
400, sof 80, 3 of 60, and 2 of 30. Thus, instead of a
maritime force of about 20,000 horse-power, we had only
about 8,000, and most of the vessels too weak and light
to be of any use in the event of a war. This blank in
our maritime armaments will probably attract the notice
of the Chambers. The Minister of Marine hopes to fill
up the blank by putting his hand on the transatlantic
steamers. We will not examine this question at the
present moment, but we must observe that, even if it be
intended to appropriate to the royal navy the force of
7,000 horses represented by these packets, it is doubtful
whether the strength of our steam navy would be aug-
mented otherwise than in appearance, as it is by no
means certain that these vessels, which have been con-
structed with a different object in view, would be real
vessels of war."

The court-martial on M. BESSON met again on the
16th at Toulon. After hearing the remainder of the
evidence, and the defence of Lieut. BESSON, the
judges retired to deliberate, and at the end of about
an hour returned into Court, and stated that, on the
first question, " Had Lieut. BESSON voluntarily caused
the loss of the Groenland?" the answer was unani•
mously in the negative. On the second question,
" Had she been lost through want of precaution and
care ?" the answer was four in the affirmative, and four
in the negative. The defendant having the benefit
of the equality, the President pronounced his ac-
quittal. _ _ _

The Prince DE JOINVILLE and the Duke D'AUMALE
arrived at Toulon early in the morning of the 16th,
accompanied by General DuaosNKL and the other
persons of distinction with whom they left Paris.
The Princes, in the course of the day, visited the
Arsenal, and were present at the launch of the Pour-
suivante frigate. Their reception at Toulon was en-
thusiastic in the highest degree. In the evening,
there was a grand dinner at the Hotel of the Mari-
time Prefecture where the Princes had fixed their
residence, and the town was illuminated.

FLANDERS MAIL.

BRUSSELS, Nov. 19.—The average price of wheat
last week was 17f. 93c. ; and that of rye 10f. 69c
The import and export duties remain unaltered.

The Chamber of Representatives, after having re-
ceived a great number of petitions, resolved itsel
into a secret Committee to enter on the examination
of its own budget. After having decided on this
question, the public sitting was resumed, to examine
the project of law relative to the importation of
twelve million kilogrammes of corn from the duchy
of Limburg, with a reduction of 75c. from the pre-
sent duties. The debate taking a political turn, the
Chamber again formed itself into a secret Committee,
which, as we hear, was adjourned till to-morrow.

In this Committee the Minister urged the necessity
of this project of law, as he had proposed it to the
Chamber.

A royal resolution of the 2d of November autho-
rises the Commercial Bank of Antwerp to a certifi-
cate of the Roman Five per Cent Stock inscribed in
the Great Book of Rome, to the amount of six mil-
lions of francs, and for a period which will expire on
the 31st of December, 1854.

This permission is granted on the following con-
ditions :

1. To fulfil in any points the obligations mentioned
in the National Act executed the 16th October last.
2. Not to issue certificates of less nominal value
than I,ooof. at the least, as well as the coupons, with
leave to mention the corresponding value in Roman
piastres.
3. To insert in the certificates the cases which may
interrupt the payment of the interest (rente course)
as well as the conditions by means of which an
original share may be obtained.
4. To have the certificates stamped, as prescribed
by the law of March 21, 1839.
If these condition; should not be complied with, the
permission will be withdrawn.
BELGIAN FUNDS.—Bauseate, Nov. 90.
Actua Debt, 2)6 per Cent., .....».«.»....».»....»
Rothschild's Loan, Five per nt .. ..
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent 963
Three per
Thirty-seven Millions, ditto ...... 76
—.. (1840) lO4
1844.... ......... •••••••••••••••••••• 103
Loan of City, 1813, Four per Cent."... . 102%
Society of Commerce, Four and a Half per 'Cent.
Bank of Bel um, Five per Cent
Issue of 184 i.. . ...... . . •••••••••••••••••••••••••
—.Brussel; Papers. Nov. 21.
DUTCH FUNDS.—Amenliums, Nev. 16.
Money, Mils.
Actual Debt, 236 per ...........
Ditto, ditto, 3 per Cent
Ditto, ditto, 4 per Cent.
D.tto, ditto 5 per cent..... 9954 lc°
Arnett Syndic, 456 per cent 993( 99%
Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent —
Commercial Company, 4% per cent 147 147%
Loan 1837, 434 per cent.
Exchange on Londe*, Onemonth
Two month5...
Hamburgh, One month 25 50
Two months 35 25
Dutch Papers, Nov. 20.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, Nov. 16.
Bills. Money
St. Schuld Sch., 336 per cent. lOO 9934
Prussian English Bonds, 1630, 4 per cent. 8 234
Exchange on L0nd0n........... • 6 22%
Prussian State Gazette. Nov. 17.

DR. KEENAN'S NEW PRINCIPLE
OF PHYSIOLOGY.

Dr. Keenan on Thursday delivered the second of his
course of lectures on organic chemistry, at the
Western Scientific Institution, on which the room
was again well filled. He went over much of the
same ground that he had traversed in his first exposi-
tion, his theory being simply that the human body/is
an electro-motive machine, and that the electricity is
generated in the lungs by the oxygenation of the food.
The point on which he particularly dwelt was the ab-
sence of all philosophical explanation of the cause of
motion in the theory of Liebig, who supposes the
chief purposes of the lungs to be generated from heat
and the evolutions of carbon. There was great in-
genuity displayed by Dr. Keenan in the manner in
which he placed his theory before the audience ; but
it was accompanied with considerable misrepresenta-
tion of the views of Liebig, and was founded for the
most part on assumption. He assumed, in the
first place, the disputed question, that the nervous
influence and electricity are identical ; and having
taken that for granted, he rested his theory of
the generation of electricity in the lungs altogether
on analogy, and that of an imperfect kind. Though
the generation of voltaic electricity is produced by
the absorption of oxygen, it is doubted by many phy-
siologists whether any oxygen whatever is absorbed
by the blood in the lungs, and there is little analogy
between the absorption of oxygen by a zinc plate
from the decomposition of water and the assumed
absorption of oxygen and the formation of water in
the lungs by the decomposition of atmospheric air.
The excitement of frictional electricity, which Dr.
Keenan attributed entirely to the oxydisement,
of the amalgam on the rubber can with great difficulty
be attributed to chemical action, since electricity is
often excited under circumstances when no oxydisa-
ble base is known to be present. Even supposing
the identity of nervous influence and voltaic elec-
tricity, the analogy of the action of the lungs
bears but feebly in support of Dr. Keenan's theory,
and he leaves the heat of the body altogether
unaccounted for. In applying his system of
physiology to the management of the human body,
Dr. Keenan contended that the electricity in the
nerves spread over the stomach and in the lacteals
assists mainly in digesting the food, and that when the
stomach has more food thrust into it, in proportion to
the oxygen absorbed by the blood, than the electricity
thus generated can digest, the remaining portion of
oxydisable food irritates the stomach and intestines,
and the electricity of the nerves is exhausted by the
repletion and over work. In this manner, he affirmed.
there are quite as many of the rich starved to death
by repletion as there are of the poor who are starved
from the want of food. Dr. Keenan's lecture was
very well received, but, owing to his speaking with-
out notes, he is very discursive, frequently repeats,
and, consequently, makes his lectures rather confused
and much too long.

FORTUNATE ESCAPE.—Last Saturday, between
thirty and forty tons of the bind or roof of a coalpit
belonging to Messrs. Barber and Walker, at Kimberley,
fell in. A few minutes previously several men had been
working upon the spot where the heavy material fell,
but fortunately their services had been required in some
other part of the pit, and thus their lives were preserved.
—Nottingham Review.
REVERSE or FORTUNE.—The police-constable 299,
James Tracy, who was struck by Mr. Ashton, of the
Watch-office, in self defence, at the South Dock station,
has since been elevated to the title of Earl Tracy—an
Irish peerage.—Liverpool paper.
ALARMING FlRE.—Thursday morning, shortly
after 2 o'clock, a fire broke out upon the premises oc-
cupied by Mr. Richard Hanks, 11, Duke-strePt, Picca-
dilly, which was not extinguished before considerable
damage was done to the ground floor and workshops,
containing a valuable quantity of stock, furniture, and
other property, both by fire, water, and removal. The
contents are insured in the Phcenix.

We hear that it is in contemplation to invest his
Highness the Reigning Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg
Gotha with the insignia of the illustrious Order of the
Garter, as an honorary knight, by her Majesty, during
his visit to his august relatives in this country. A dis-
tinguished party, including Earl Delawarr, the Premier,
and other personages of high note, are expected to as-
semble at Windsor Castle the middle of the ensuing
week, by_royal invitation to meet their Royal Highnesses.

BUTCHERS' BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION.—The an-
niversary diener of this excellent Institution was given
on Thursday, at the Freemasons' Tavern. The number
was larger than that assembled last year, amounting to
above three hundred. The Chairman was Alderman
Challis, who was supported by the Sheriffs, Messrs.
Hunter and Sidney, Mr. Giblett, anti several other
friends of this Charity. In announcing the principal
toast, the Chairman dwelt with tact and feeling on the
benevolent purpose of the Association, vindicated the
Society from the assertions made as to their want of
humanity some years ago, and pointed with a just de-
gree of triumph to the fact that at present the butchers
of London expended 1,0001. annually, on fifty-three re-
cipients of their bounty, the men receiving 201. and the
women 151. per annum. The subscriptions were on the
usual liberal scale, and the evening was passed in the
utmost harmony.
NAVAL MEDICAL SUPPLEMENTAL FUND.—Thurs-
day a special general meeting of the subscribers to
this fund was held at the Freemasons' Tavern, Sir Wm.
Burnett, K.C.H., president, in the chair, to receive the
report of a Committee appointed to investigate the af-
fairs of the society. The chairman having acknowledged
that the fund was in a very embarrassed state, called
upon Mr. Crandell, the secretary, to read the report of
the Committee, which was exceedingly volumnious, and
contained the recommendation of the Committee to re-
duce the annuities from 40/. to 261. 13s. 4d. ; and also the
opinion of the law officers of the Crown that they could
not make that reduction without an Act of Parliament
authorising them to remodel the society. The report
also contained a draft of the Act necessary for those
purposes. The report was adopted, and thanks were
voted to the Committee and the chairman of the day.

A VESSEL RUN DO% N NEAR GRAVESEND.—Loss
OF LlPS.—About three o'clock on Monday morning,
being somewhat foggy, as a vessel named the Ranger,
about 80 tons burden, belonging to Goole, was working
up the Reach for London, a collier brig, also beating
up, struck the Ranger in midships with such force as to
sink her almost instantaneously, carrying with her the
master, Mr. Duffield, who, it is said, was in the cabin
at the moment, and who perished. The rest of the 'new,
four in number, had a narrow escape. The collier, after
having laid too for several minutes, in the hopes of
picking up the ill-fated master, proceeded on to Graves-
end, where the crew of the Ranger were landed. Mr.
Duffield was a native of Grimsby, where he has left a
wife and family.

Mr. Ramshay's (of Naworth Castle) celebrated
blood stallion, Liverpool, died at Brampton on Sunday
last. It is believed that, by the decease of this fine
animal, the loss to the owner will be to the extent of
some hundreds of pounds annually.—Newcastle Adver-
tiser.

MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEW S

CITY, FRIDAY EVENING.
The English Investments leave off very firmly, Consols
being 100 k for Money and Time. The Three per
Cent. Reduced were 994 ; the New Three-and-a-Quarter
per Cents., 102 k; and Exchequer Bills, 60s.ito 625. prem.
The Foreign Market was a little better, Spanish
being 24 to 24k for the Actives, and 35k for the Three
per Cents. Messrs. Reid, Irving, and Co., have an-
swered an application of the Committee of Spanish Bond-
holders, to the effect that the issue of Three per Cent.
Bonds does not exceed 6,458,0631. The amount to be
remitted for the next dividends has not yet been certi-
fied by the Spanish Government. Mexican Bonds were
firm at 36k ; and Brazilian atB9 to 891. Portuguese
Converted were 544.
The additional transactions in Railway Shares have
been these :—Dublin and Belfast were 1i ; Great
Southern and Western (Ireland), 4 to 3i ; Lancaster
and Carlisle, 2i ; Birmingham, 118 ; Ditto, Thirds,
354 ; Brighton Loan Notes, 1 ; Croydon, 2+ ; Man-
chester and Leeds, Half, 19k; Midland, 8; Ditto, Fifths,
1 ; Newcastle and Darlington, 29 to 29i ; Northern
and Eastern, Scrip, 10k ; Norwich and Brandon, 4i ;
South-Eastern, 4i ; Ditto, Scrip, 7 ; York and North
Midland, Scarborough Branch, 214 ; Ditto, Selby Ex-
tension, 124 to 13k ; Boulogne and Amiens, 14 s ; Or-
leans and Vierzon, 8 ; Orleans and Bordeaux, nk; and
Paris and Rouen, 18i1 premium ; Bristol and Exeter,
lf discount to par. Eastern Counties have been 11i to
11 ; Birmin ham and Gloucester, 14 ; Blackwell, 10k ;
Brighton, 2i ; and Greenwich, 3* to 3 discount. Aus-
tralasian Bank Shares were 4 premium.
The Exchange on Amsterdam and Antwerp was
rather higher this afternoon ; on Hamburgh scarcely so
good ; and on Paris, Frankfort and Trieste about the
same.

(From The Sun of Last Night.)
A considerable degree of languor pervaded the Cotton
Market at Liverpool yesterday, although the demand
from the trade continued fair. Sales 7,000 bales, of
which speculators took 2,000 bales.—The Rail-
way Shares were rather more dealt in. Bristol
and Gloucester, 344 ; Caledonian, 4 ; Chester and
Birkenhead, New, 234 ; Dublin and Cashel, 84 ;
Eastern Counties, Perpetual, No. 2,20 s. ; Churnet
Valley, 34 ; Grand Junction, 215 ; Ditto, Half Shares,
1074 ; Great North of England, 30L Shares, 64 ;
Liverpool and Manchester, New, 344 ; London and Bir-
mingham 321. Shares, 38; Ditto, Quarter Shares, 2644 4;
London and South Western, 754 ; Direct Northern,
48s. 9d.; Manchester and Birmingham, 51 ; Manchester
and Leeds, 1134 114 ; Midland Counties, 108 ; North
Union, 140 ; Sheffield and Manchester,: 97 964;
South Eastern, 384 ; Ditto, New, 74 ; Lyons and
Avignon, 24 ; Paris and Lyons, 3/ ; Paris and Rouen,
384 ; Orleans, Tours, and Bordeaux, 86s. 85s. ; Sambre
and Meuse, 21 ; Central of France, 10.
There are accounts from the Mauritius this morning
to the 4th September. There is not much of importance
in the letters or papers, money was extremely scarce,
the payments into the Treasury having been very large.
The state of the crops is scarcely alluded to in the ad-
vices that have come to hand to-day. Bills on England
were at from 9 to 10 per cent. discount.
There are no arrivals from other quarters of im-
portance this morning.
The transactions in the public securities have not been
to any extent this morning. The purchases of stock by
the Government brokers have been reduced within the
last day or two, from about 30,0001. to 15,0001. The in-
vestments were made to-day at 1024 in the New Three-
and-a-Quarter per Cents. Consols for Money and the
Account have been sold at 1004 ; India Bonds at 83s.
premium ; and Exchequer-bills at 60s. to 61s. premium.
Bank Stock has advanced within the last few days ; it is
now at 206.

A very few bargains have been made in the Foreign
Funds to-day. Spanish Three per Cents. have been at
35k. Russian Bonds were at 1191; the Dutch Two-and-
a-Half per Cents. at 63; and Colombian at 13k. In the
other Foreign Stocks little business has been done this
morning.

The Share Market is flat, especially for the railways.
Quotations are rather lower for most of the lines.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 21.—Our
market continues firm, there has been more inquiry for
the heavier stocks, and a considerable business has been
done. Birkenhead and Cheshire Junction, 6j-i 4 ; Ac-
cringtons, 3 2a ; Darwen and Bolton, 22 ; Wigan and
Liverpool, 4A-; Cambridge and Lincoln, 2i 9-16 ; Chur-
nets, 3 11-16 a ; London and York, 3 1-16; Manchester
and Leeds, 1131 ; Ditto, Half Shares, 484 ; Ditto,
Quarter Shares, 10:1 ; Sheffield and Lincoln, 14 ; Man-
chester and Birmingham, 51 50:1- ; Southport and Eux-
ton, 24 ; West Yorkshire, 7+ 6i ; Preston and Wyre,
174 ; South-Eastern, No. 2,7 a premium.
CLOSING PRICES.
BRITISH FUNDS.

Bank Stock. ..... ......ex div. 206 Ditto Bonds £l,OOO B3 pm.
3 per Cent. Red 994 Ditto under £l,OOO BO pm.
I per Cent. Cons.
3% per Cent. Red Ditto Old Annuities ...
New 34 per Cent. 1023 Ditto New Annuities ...
New 5 per Cent. — Ex. Bills, 1,0001. I%d ... 311 pm.
Long Annuities to expire Ditto 5001
lan. 1860 l2 1-16 Ditto Small 62 pm
Oct. 1859 ll% Bank Stock for Acct....
Jan. 1860 12% Consols for Act......... 1003{
Indian Stock India Stock for Acct.
FOREIGN FUNDS.
Austrian, 5 per Cent ...... — Russian, 5 per Cent...........
Belgian, 5 per Cent — Ditto, Metallic .... .............
Brazilian Bonds
Buenos Ayres, 6 per Cent — &)itto, 1841 .... ....... .....
Cuba Bonds, 6 per Cent — Ditto, 1842 ••...•
Chllian, 6 per Cent Ditto, 1843........ ....... .....
Colombian, 6 per Cent
Danish,3 per Cent .. .......
Greek, 184, 5 per Cent — Venezuela Bonds, 2 per Ct...
Mexican, 5 per Cent
Neapolitan Bonds, 5 per Ct — French, 3 per Cent........---,.f
P.......nan Bonds, 4 per Cent .--.............tr - .....,:....;...... ---r
Peruvian Bones, ts per Ct .... Dutch, - Cent

_— 1 uutch, i 34 per , -at ... ... ...
Portuguese Bonds, b per Crt I Ditto,.s per Cent .... • 99%
SHARES.
Birmingham and Gloucester (100 paid) 98%
Bristol and Exeter (70 paid)......
Dublin and Belfast Junction, 2% paid 4
Eastern Counties (25 paid)
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per Cent., 21 13s 4d. paid,No.l %
Great Southern and Western (Ireland) 5 paid
Lancaster and Carlisle, 10 paid
London and Birmingham (Stock)
Ditto, New Thirds, 2 paid
London and Blackwail (161.135. 4d.) 6
Lonion and Brighton (50 paid)
Ditto Loan Notes, 10 paid
London and Greenwich (121. 15s. 4d. paid) 9
London and Croydon
Manchester and Leeds (70 paid)
Ditto, Half Shares, 30 paid
Midland (100 paid) .... .......... .. ............. lOB
Ditto Fifths, 2 paid 3
Newcastle and Darlingron Junction, 21 paid
Northern and Eastern (45 paid)
Ditto Scrip (25 paid) 35%
Norwich and Brandon, 6 paid . ...... .... 12%
South Eastern and Dover (33 2s 4d paid) ... .... 3'7%
Ditto, New Shares, 4 paid .. 11
York and North Midland (50 paid) —
Ditto Scarboro' Branch, 10 paid
Ditto Extension
Boulogne and Amiens, 2 paid .................... . 3%
Orleans and Bourdeaux, I paid 4%
Paris and Rouen. 20 paid ..... ..... .......

COURSE OF EXCHANGE.—(YESTERDAY.)
Amsterdam CF. 12 6 Gibraltar —
Ditto, at sight l2 4 Leghorn 3O 50
Rotterdam 2U. 12 64 Genoa 25 85
Antwerp 25 95 Milan —
flamburgh M.B. 13 134 Venice
Altona l3 134 Naples
Finis, 3 days' sight... 25 65 Palermo, per oz llB
Ditto, 3 months 25 90 Lisbon 55
Marseilles 25 95 Oporto 55
Bourdeaux 25 95 Rio Janeiro 23
Frankfort on Maine.. 121 Bahia 23
Petersburgh, 3 Us... 37 Buenos Ares —
Berlin

Vienna, effec. fl. 3M. 953 Philadelphia
Trieste, ditto
Madrid 36i Foreign G011,bar5...f.3 17 9

Cadiz
Doi'

Bilbao 36

New

übloons ..... 0 0 0-

Barcelona 36 New Dollars 0 4 9'
Seville