The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-10 00:00:00

N°. 18,085.] LONDON, TUESDAY 4 SEPTEMBER 10, 1850.
._N G S N 7

DISPUTED LIFE POLICIES.
" A trial of considerable Interest to Life Assurance Offices and the
public was concluded yesterday in the Court of Exchequer. The
Eagle Company held a policy for an assurance
ment of 539 /.f
w in
hich policy
the Albion
Company as security for an advance, the pa
that at the time it
y o
was now disputed by the Albion, on the ground
was effected the fact of the assured party having been a man of in-
temperate habits was concealed from the office. The chief evidence
turned I upon the question as to the degree of inte:ziperance that had
been exhibited, and the resWt was, that a verdict was given against
the resisting office, not only for the amount of the policy, but also for
401. interest from the date when it became due. The circumstance
of the action being brought by one office against another presents a
striking illustration of the uncertainty which may attach to all po-
licies under the present system, and shows that the only mode by
which absolute security can be obtained by the public must lie in the
general adoption by Assurance Offices of the plan of prote'Aing them-
selves in every case by duo inquiries before the granting • f each po-
licy, and of afterwards assuming the full responsibility et the com-
pleteness of such inquiries by holding themselves t
ettie two precluded fro
arem
raising any future question. In the preenes
found to be diametrically opposed In their opinions as to what can
properly invalidate a claim, and yet the public are expected to he
able to guare themselves against such contingences. Similar cases
have occurred before, and even if they were snore rare, they would
seriously injure the progress of life assurance. Ihe very principle
upon which the business Is founded is the removal of uncertainty,
and whenever that principle is counteracted in the slightest degree,
the people who would be the first to resort to its advantages are the
first to be deterred."—Times, July 11, 1850. I
THE LONDON -INDISPUTABLE LIFE
POLICY COMPANY
No. 72, LO3IBARD-S MEET, LONDON.
. TRUSTEES.
f. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. I Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P.
Richard Malins, Esq., Q.C. James Fuller Madox, Esq.
William Wilberforce, Esq.
DIRECTORS.
Robert Henry Forman, Esq.
John Hamilton, Esq.
fames Fuller Madox, Esq.
John Matthews, Esq.
C. Octavius Parnell, Esq.
AI7DITORS.
George Cumming, Esq. I J aates Turner. Esq.
William D. Starling, Esq. ,David Henry Stone, Esq.
SECRETARY—David Alison, Esq.
BANlCEas—Messrs. Spooner, Attwoods, and Co.
PADDINGTON LOCAL BOARD.
24, Connaught-terrace, Edge Ware-road.
Rev. James Sherbold Boone, A.M , StanhoPe-street, Hyde-park.
Captain Creed, Norfolk-crescent, Oxford-square.
Charles Pemberton, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and Lin-
coln's Inn-fields.
Thomas Jervis Amos, Esq., York-street, Portman-square.
George Y. Robson, Esl., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-Park, and New-
square, Lincoln's Inn.

William Adams, Esq.
John Atkins, Esq. • •
Henry Augustus Bevan, Esq.
J. Thompson Bramwell, Esq.
John Danger&ld, Esq.

Secretary, Chas. Ilogkton, Esq.
The POLICIES of this Company, being INDISPUTABLE, form
Family Provisions and Negotiable Securities, for their validity is not
dependent, as in the case of ordinary Policies, upon the Import of
previous reports and other documents.
Owing to this important improvement in the practicefrom of Lithe comfe As-
-
surance, the progress of this Company has been rapid
mencement of its business, and is steadily advancing.
Copies of the Report of the last Annual Meeting will be forwarded,
on application, to SolicitoAL, to whom Commission is allowed.
rsEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager.

ciATHOLIC LAW AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY,
8, NEW COVENTRY-STREET, LEICESTER-SQUARE, LONDON.
The FOURTEI ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Proprie-
tors of this Company took place on the 25
is extracted from the
th instant, at the Ilead
Office, at One o'clock precisely. The following
report, which is too lengthy for publication :
During the past year no claim: have arisen from deaths in England,
and but two in Ireland—one for 500/. and the o
far ther for 2801.—makexpected
making
together 7001., which have been paid. This is below the
mortality, and is especially favourable, when it is remembered how
severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last
year.
The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1849, and
the 31st of May, 1850, was more than double the number issued in
the twelve months preceding.
Prop ,sals were made for 138 Policies, amounting to 52,9631. 2s. 6d.:
of these 12 t, comprising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,1251. 65.
gixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,0481., upon which 3201. 3s.
was received by the Company in the shape of premiums.
Since the commencement of the Company to the let of June last,
assurances were effected to the extent of 110,9721. 12s 6d., pro-
ducing in annuli premiums 3,7321. ifs. 6d. Of these 54 lapsed,
amounting to 23,9301. 16s. 6d., of which the annual premiums were
7411. Is., leaving the yearly income on the Ist of June last equal to
2,9911. 15s. 11d.
lied for to the extent of 17,7001.,
Since last meeting loans were app
but 1,1831. Ils. 10d. only was advanced.
The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the
last four tenth they had considerably extende their business on
the mon
Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent id n France, Monsieur
de l'Etang„ a gentleman of high standing in Paris, distinguished for
his integrity and ability in financial and in all assurance matters,
who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris,
the Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and Monseigneur Parisis, Eveque
de Langres, has already within the last three months effected a con•
siderabte amount of business, not only in Life Assurances, but in An-
nuities both Immediate and Deferred.
After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning
thanks to the Right Reverend Chairman, Bishop Morris, the Vice-
Chairman, Actuary, Secretary, and Medical Officers of the establish-
ment, the meeting separated, highly gratified at its present results
and future prospects.

THE LIVERPOOL and LONDON FIRE and
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
NOTICE IS PIEREBY GIVEN, that on the 29th instant, the
Chief Office of this Company in London will be REMOVED to Nos.
20 and 21, POULTRY.

BENJN. HENDERSON,
Resident Secretary.

3, Charlotte-TOW, Mansion-house.
September 3, 1850.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA and PER,RINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops,
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad,
and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious sauce it the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the prOprietors, Lea and Perrin, 6, Tere-street, Oxford-
street, London, and 66, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs.
Barclay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and o.her Oilmen
and Merchants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in
sauce.
N.B. To guard against Imitations, see t it the names of " LEA
and PER BINS" are upon the label and pat nt cap of the bottle.

TII BLOOD.
Our bodies have been entirely formed, are now forming, and will con-
tinue to be balt up during life from the Blood ; this being the case,
the grand object is to keep this precious flitid (the blood) in a pure
and healthy state, fur without this purity, disease will show itself
In me way or the other.
PA It R. S LIFE PILLS
so
.
'cis universally admitted that this fine Medicino will purify
the Blood better than any other, and WILL CONQUER any
Disease.
None are genuine, unless the words " PARR'S LIFE PILLS"
are in White Letters on a Red Ground on the Government Stamp,
pasted round each box ; a!so the facsimile of the signature otreet f the
Proprietors, " T. ROBERTS and Co., Crane•court, Fl,
London," on the Directions.
Sold in boxes at Is. I d„ 2s. 9d., and family packets at Ils.
each, by all respectable Mediclne-venders.

CULVERWELL'S NEW WOUK,S.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalhc;
147, Fleet-street ; Mann, 39, Corrailll ;or direct from the author ,
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. Gd.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS :—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
:ursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
['rips and Itarnlvles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening., at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
test, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.
11.
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vol&
Vol I.
A VISIT TO THE LAKES;
II
SKETCH_OF EDINBURGH, &c.
Vol. .
THE LAKES OF KILLADUBLIN, RNEY
&c. REMINISCENCES OF

WIIAT TO RAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
"That three seore years and ten our course may ran."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the yonng, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
oitters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
atlon of every-day life.

IV.
THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens over heard."
SUBJECT : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
ofthe passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of
licentiousr.ess and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
tud remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.
V.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
raooasststa :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
ligion regarding marriage, to be observed by either s
ex.e Time
and
and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, ple
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.

Qa;es, &c.
By R. J. CIILVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
(1824), Twenty-dve years Medical and Forensic Referee In these
matters. 12 ex :option hours daily till five. Evenings. seven till nine.
10 Argyll-place. Regent-street

THIRTY-FIRST EDITION.
Ii nitrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings en Steel.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-
PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
tord-street, London. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange,
11, Paternoster-row ; Ilannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ;
?uric, 23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART It. treats of the consequences resulting fro excessive in-
Sulgence, and their lamentable effects on the systm em, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
Incapacity. Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from intection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Rngt avings.
PART IT. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
This important part of the Work should not escape the reader's
notice.
PART V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du.
ties. The causes of unproductive union are
inquiredred, and the
whole subject critically and philosophically isintdo .
THE COUDIAL BALM OF STRIACUM is exclusively employed in
treating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c.,
I Is. and 335.
per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remed7, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, lls. and
and I Is.
bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s •9d , 4s. 6
Per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and
chronic) inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, ifhabits, and by letposi-
ter,
A minute detail of the case is required: age,
tion in society. 1/. rackets, with advice, to be had at the
Feta-
bllshment only by which the fee, 1/., is saved. Meagre. Feordrry,
Burgeons, are in attendance daily at 19, Berners-street, Oxf-
street, London. from Eleven till Two and Five to_BlSht ; On Sn-
CV, from Eleven to Ono.

Just published, In fcp. Nvs., price 4s. 6d. cloth,
CORPULENCE ; or, Excess of Fat in the Human
Body: its relations to Clietn'stry and PhysioloAy, its bearings
on other diseases and the value of Human Life, and Its inch cations
of Treatment. With an Appendix on Emaciation. By TI10111.kt;
KING C lIA NIBERS, 1).31., Fellow of the 'loyal College of Physi-
cians, and Gulstonian Lecturer for 1850. -
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Post octavo, 10s. 6d.
V
OUNGI T A L Y.
By ALEXANDER ItAILLIE COCHRANE, M.P.
" It only remains to us to add, that these who are interested— and
who is nut?—in the episoles of the mighty drama now act'ng in
Christendom—will thank Mr. Cochrane for this eloquent, lucid, and
above all, honest analysis and int, rpretation of most imp vtant
scenes. The hook does him honour as a scholar, as a gentleman,
and as a politician—as the first, for its style and taste; as the se-
cond, for its frankness and manliness; and as the third, fur its acute-
ness and forethought."—Morning Chronicle.
London : John W. Parker, West Strand.

TH 14; ERA of SATURDAY next will contain a
FULL PROGRAMME of the DOSCASTF.It MEETING,
he Puformances or the ST. LEGER FAVOURITE:, a List of the
PROBABLE STARTERS, and the ST. LEGER PROPHECY, by

" TOUCHSTONE."
On this occasion JOE MUGGINS'S DOG (the only victorious
Derby Prophet) intends Going in to Win.
The ERA was the only Paper that PROPHESIED DOUBT f .r the
LEAMINGTON STAKES.
Order of all Newsmen, or send six postage stamps to 3, Cathe-
rine-street, Strand.

TO EVERY FAMILY in the KINGDOM,
and the PUBLIC UNIVERSALLY.
Dr, Ryan's Certificate of Quality.
Mr. Henry Clark,
Sir,—l have carefully examined the samples of ESSENCE of
ANCHOVIES, and of the HARVEY'S and READING SAUCE,
prepared by yourself, and have compared them with those which
ha*: e been fur so many years favourites with the public, and I have
no hesitation in saying that yours are equal in quality, in every
way, to any now extant. I have also examined and tested the
strength and purity of the Vinegars manufactured by you, and to re-
mark that I highly approve of the same.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
JOHN RYAN, M.D.,
Professor of Chemistry to the Royal Polytechnic Institution,
Regent-street, London; the Royal Naval College, Ports-
mouth, &c. &c. s. d.
FISH SAUCES, &c.
Clark's Harvey's and Reading Sauce, per bottle - - - 0 6
„ Essence of Anchovies 0 6
Mushroom Ketchup
Walnut Ketchup
„ Chili Vinegar
French Capers
• Ditto 10
7, 0 6
Cayenne Pepper
The above articles are charged by most other houses from Is. 6d.
to 2s. each.
Real Chin% Soy (usually charged from 2s. to 2s. 6d. per bottle) 0 9
Real Gorgon Anchovies, pet bottle
~per lb.
- 1 I
Anchovy Paste, for Breakfast, Luncheon, &c.. - -
Fine Bloater Paste, made from real Yarmouth Bloaters, per pot 0 $
Ihst London Pickles, per bottle
Ditto do. in quarts- - - - - 1 0
Mustard, in lb. bottles, each from - 6d. to 1 4
Superier Table or Pickling Vinegar, In half-pints, 3d,;
pints, sd. ; quarts, each - -
The bottles are given in at the abrre low prices, and there is not
a better article in the trade.
It may be had also in any sized packages, at Is. 4d. to 2s. 6d. per
gallon for the finest article.
Real Danzic Spruce, as imported from Danzic, 12s. per keg, or in
bottles at Is 4d., 10d , 6d., and 3d.
Lemon Juice, IA Pints, 3s. 4d. per dozen, bottles included ; Pints
6s. ; Quarts, 125., or Is. 3d per gallon
Seville Orange Juice, in Half-pints, Pints, and Quarts, ditto.
Dried emon Peel, per lb. ..... - 2 3
Dried Orange-Peel. per lb.
The finest Salad Oil, imported direct from Leghorn, in a handsome
decanter with stopper, at is. 3d. each.
Salad Cream, or prepared dressing fur Salads, also in decanter bot-
tles, Is. 3d. each.
As there are many spurious imitations of an inferior quality, ob-
serve the name and address, CLARK and Co., Coleman-street,
is on each bottle.
China Soy, 9s. per gallon.
Finest Salad Oil, Bs. per gSallon.
PIC ES, Sce.
s. d

Cinnamon - per lb. 4 6
Finest I3encoolen Cloves, 2 6
Bourbon and Amboyna
do., Is. 6d. to -
Finest Mace - -
A fair article of do. -
Finest Jamaica Ginger
Fine do do.
Good ordinary do.
Good Barbadoes do.
Nutmegs -

6. d.
Cassia - - per lb. 1 6
Pimento - - - - 0 10
Black Pepper • - 1 0
White ditto - - 1 6
Cayenne Pepper - -2 6
Long Pepifer - - - 1 3
Isinglass. from Bs. 6d. per lb. 15 6
Mixed Spice - • - 3 0
Macearoni, from Sd.
Vermicelli - - - - 010

- 2 01
- 8 0
- 6 0
- 2 6
- 2 0
- 1 8
- 0 6
- 6 6
U STARD.
n 91b. and 181 b. casks, second - - - per lb 0 5
Ditto fine
In 91b. and 181 b. casks, superior
- 1 4
Ditto do. double do. - - - -
Real Gorgona Anchovies, as imported from Leghorn, in double bar-
rels, also In single barrels.
Essence of Anchovies and Mushroom Ketchup can be had by the
gallon.
CLARK and Co., No. 40, COLEMAN-STREET. CITY.
Orders by post solicited and delivered free three miles from the
above address.

Terms, Cash.
A liberal allowance to shippers, emigrants, dealers, and large con-
sumers.

DR. LA'MERT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
AND MATURITY.—WITII 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON
STEEL.
lust published, and may be had ix French or English, in a Sealed
Envelope, Is. 6d., or post-free, from the Author, for forty-two
Marna,
SELF-PRESERVATION; a
Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Mwurity,
usually acquired at an early period of life, which debilitate
-he physical and mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural
eelings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical
)bservations on the Treatment of Nervous Debility And Indigestion,
whether arising from these causes, close study, 'or the influence of
Topical climates: Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from India-
:retion. With Forty coloured Engravings, illustrating the
Inatokny, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their structu; es, uses, and functions, and the various
injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This work contains an accurate and eomplete account of the
Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive Organs. It un-
fortunately happens that the unhappy victim of excessive indul-
gence and vicious habits, while suffering from their invariable con-
sequences, unwisely entertains a fear of api.,lying to a qualified physi-
cian for relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but erro-
neously entertained that these complaints are beyond the reach of
art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking 'or assistance where
alone it can be procured. Dr. LA'MERT has taken the highest
medical honours, as his diplomas testify, and the great extent of his
practice for many years is a guarantee for his professional experi-
ence, which has reference Almost solely to the treatment of these

diseases.
Published by the Author, and may be had of Kent and Richards,
s 2, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Tichborne-
itreet, Haymarket; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London ; or, free by post for forty-two stamps. front
the Author's Residence. 37. Rodford-sonars London.

ROBBERY BY A CLERK.
Livaapoor., MorsDAT.—On Thursday last a young
man named Frederick Oliver Rowlinson, a clerk in
the employ of Messrs. Daunt Brothers, iron mer-
chants of this town, absconded, and a large sum of
money in gold was missing, which he was supposed
to have taken with him. The firm has A house in
Manchester, and the police of that town, who have a
high character for detective vigilance,were immediately
set upon the alert, the result being that Neaves, one
of the principal officers, apprehended Rowlinson at
Birmingham on Friday. This morning the prisoner
was brought before the police maeiatrate in this town
charged with having stolen 257/. belonging to his
employers. Neaves stated that having received in-
formation of the robbery, he proceeded to Birmingham
on Friday, and arrived there about one o'clock. As
he was going out at the gates of the station he met the
prisoner and immediately took him into custody. On
searching him he found 50/. in notes, 31. Bs. in coin,
a gold watch, and two valuable rings. Witness
afterwards went to the house where the prisoner
had lodged the night previous, and in his port-
manteau there were 1491. in sovereigns, and
some wearing apparel, which the prisoner had pur-
chased in Birmingham. Oa being questioned about
the money, the prisoner acknowledged that it be-
longed to his masters, and said that when he had
made up the amount taken he intended to send it
back. It appears that before the prisoner went away
he paid a debt of 101. at the house where he had
been lodging in Liverpool, and gave 201. to his
mother. The circumstances of the robbery of the
2571. are briefly these :—On Thursday the amount
was paid to Mr. Thomas Livesley Plant, the manager
of the business in Liverpool, and he handed it over
to the prisoner to pay to Mr. Daunt on his return
from Manchester. In the evening the prisoner gave
the 2571. to Mr. Daunt, as directed, and that gentle-
man afterwards instructed him to lock it up till
morning in the iron safe. This be does not appear to
have done, and he was not seen' again till apprehended
in Birmingham. The prisoner is quite a young
man, short, but rather good-looking, and very neatly
attired. He seemed fully to appreciate the awkward-
ness of his situation, and when asked what he had
to say to the charge, he replied, that when he took
the money he was not aware of the consequences.
He was then fully committed to take his trial. It
should be remarked that the prisoner had only been
in the service of the prosecutors since the Bth of
July last.

FATAL ACCIDENT TO A CLERGYMAN.-011 Satur-
day Richard Bremridge, Esq., coroner, held an inquest at
Ilfracombe, on the body of a deceased clergyman, named
John Allin, of Upper Arley, Staffordshire, who met with his
death under the following circumstances :—lt appears that
Mr. Allin was visiting at Ilfracombe, and that on Wednes-
day, the 14th ult., he was taken up into a phaeton occupied
by Lady Valentia and Miss Somerset, also visitors from
Upper Arley, as the ladies were driving out to Lee. When
the party arrived at Mill Pond, between the chapel and a
cottage occupied by Mr. Drake, the horse took fright, and
turned the phaeton over near Mr. Drake's door, throwing the
deceased and the ladies out. They were taken into the cot-
tage. A surgeon was sent for, and found the deceased suffer-
ing from an excessive laceration of the scalp, with a division
of two of the arteries. The deceased gentleman was then re-
moved to Cliff Cottage. On Thursday convulsions came on,
and the fits did not leave the deceased till the time of his
death, which took place on Friday night, about II o'clock.
The deceased did not suffer from concussion of the brain, nor
from a fractured skull, but from an excessive laceration,
causing a loss of power on the left side of the face. The
medical attendants were of opinion that he died from suffo-
cation and spasm of the throat. A verdict was returned of
" Accidental death."

A young woman in Lowestoft, more than 20 years
of age, has recently had extracted from her breast forty
needles. It is supposed they were swallowed when she was
a child, a circumstance, however, of which she has no re-
collection.

OFFICIAL SALARIES COMMITTEE.

BOARD OF TRADE, &c.
The following is the substance of the latter portion
of the evidence in this department :
The Right llon. Sir Edward Ryan examined.
Chairman—You are one of the Commissioners of
R,Ail ways ?—Ycs.
Mr. Ellice—Are they all eligible to seats in Par-
lisment?—N o, I am not. The President and the
other Commissioner are, by the terms of the Act.
Do you consider Mr. Labouchere the President of
the Commission ?—Yt a. Lord Granville represents
the Board in the house of Lords.
Mr. Ricardo—Was not the original Railway De-
partment appointed by a Treasury minute of the 6th
of August, 1844, and was not the Railway Commis-
sion of 1848 9 quite different ?—Entirely ; it is ap-
pointed under the Act of Parliament which passed in
1846.

Will you describe generally the branches of duty
that you have to perform?—Use branch of duty
under the 5 and 6 Vict. is as to the opening of rail-
ways; no railway is to be opened without notice to
the Commissioners of Railways, and they are to ap-
point officers to inspect, and they are empowered,
upon the reports of the officers, to postpone the open-
ing, and to do so from time to time, till they think
the railway can be opened with safety to the public.
Then under the 3 and 4 Vict., c. 97, and 7 and 8
Vict., c. 85, they may appoint inspectors of railways,
and the persons so appointed may examine railway
stations, works, buildings, and carriages, for the pur-
pose of enabling the Commissioners to carry the pro-
visions of any general or special Act into execution.
Under that, of course, there are various duties which
the Commissioners have to discharge ; for instance,
upon inspecting on one occasion the engines of the
Brighton Railway Company, we found that they
were deficient, and steps were taken to remedy
that. Another branch of duty is as to the con-
struction of roads and bridges; this is under the
Railways Clauses Consolidation Act. The Commis-
sioners, after hearing the parties interested, may in
certaic cases modify and alter the construction of roads,
bridges, and other works, and decide upon the ar-
rangements and mode of construction which may be
desirable, and authorise the same by a certificate in
writing. that, of course, involves inspection ; no-
tices are to be given to the parties who are heard
before the Commissioners on each side, the parties
proposing and the parties objecting to those altera-
tions ; and there is a formal decision upon the case,
which is drawn up with a plan annexed, and which
has, in fact, the force of an Act of Parliament.
Another duty is as to deviations from gradients,
curves, &c. The Commissioners of Railways may,
after examination and inquiry, empower railway com-
panies in the construction of their works to alter the
works described in the Parliamentary plans and sec-
tions, by increasing the inclination of gradients,
diminishing the radius of curves, substituting tunnels
for cuttings, and viaducts for solid embankments;
applications of that kind are very numerous. The
same course is pursued there ; notice is given, the
parties are heard, and an adjudication is made. Then
as to the junction of branch railways; in case of dis-
putes between an owner or occupier or other person
and the railway company, as to the proper places for
any openings in the ledges or fianches of any railway,
the Commissioners are to hear and determine in the
same manner. They have also the power of interfering
and regulating branch communications with railways,
to insure the public safety: They have also the
power of authorising railway companies, in cases of
accidents or slips, to enter upon adjoining lands ; and
when they think it necessary for the public safety
that additional land should be taken, they may re-
vive the compulsory powers of purchasing and
taking lands contained in the Act of the company.
That, of course, requires consideration and inquiry.
The parties are heard, if necessary, upon the subject.
The Commissioners have also power to make regula-
tions as to gates and the crossing of turnpike-roads,
and as to speed, with a view to the public safety.
They have also the power to sanction, after hearing
the parties interested, the substitution of bridges for
level crossings. That is dealt with in the same man-
ner. They have also to regulate cheap trains, which,
under the Act of Parliament, are to be provided by
the company, and are to be approved of by the Com-
missioners, as to the hours of starting, the rate
of speed, the stations at which they stop, and
the provision of seats and protection from the
weather, as to whi".,g,
~)ae have a discretionary
power. We In' ).
with those conditions,
if we tl'" `',.of other arrangements
r beiog mat. o the public. We are
nut eSowekei al -Lekayge ; _tbe charge
must not exteed a
.saut aria all the
other circumstances 4.. tkise cheap trains, we
have a discretion, and the quire much considera-
tion and icquiry. We have also to decide disputes
between connecting railway companies, where com-
panies have a common terminus or a portion of a line
in common. Further, we decide questions in dispute
relating to arrangements for conducting joint traffic.
We also appoint umpires to determine certain matters
referred to arbitration, under the provisions of the
Companies Clauses Consolidation Act, and the Land
Clauses Act, and the Railway Clauses Act. And
further, we have the bye-laws of all the companies to
regulate.
No bye-laws of railway
companies are good with-
out they are approved by you ?—No ; we have to
approve not only of bye-laws relating to the use of
railways, but also regulating the use of canals, docks,
and harbours, and other works of a public nature be-
longing to railways. Then we have another duty,
which is an important one, and a difficult one in its exe-
cution at times, and certainly not a very popular one,
which is the enforcement of the provisions of Railway
Acts. These are either general or special. There is
the enforcement of the provisions of general Railway
Acts, such as obliging the railway companies to
carry the mails, under certain circutnstancvs, or the
police, or enforcing certain regulations as to cheap
trains ; and there are also in the special Acts various
provisions which
we are called upon at times to
enforce.

Mr. Ellice—Have you power, with respect to the
mails, to enforce any particular r.tte of charge to the
public ?—Yes, according to the provisions of the
existing Acts ; the case to which I particularly allude
is with respect to sending a guard with mail-bags as a
passenger, and the company refused to allow the guard
to take up and leave bags on the way ; where the
company refuse, and the law says they are bound to
do that, we have the power to enforce it.
Have you the power of making a law with respect
to the stoppage of the trains at different places for the
accommodation of the Post-office ?—Certainly not ;
only to enforce the conditions of the Acts of Parlia-
ment as to the conveyance of the mails.
If any dispute arises between the Post-office and a
railway company, have you the power of settling the
dispute arbitrarily
It must be settled by reference to a court of law ?
—lf it is a dispute about the rate of carriage, there
is a power provided in the Act, namely, by arbitra-
tion ; but if they do not comply with the provisions
of the Act of Parliament, we cannot decide the mat-
ter; we can only institute legal proceedings to en-
force the Act of Parliament.

Supposing a private individual has a complaint as
against any if those railway companies, and should
appeal upon that complaint to the Railway Board,
would the Railway Board think it right, upon a case
which appeared to them to warrant the proceeding, to
desire the Attorney-General or the Lord Advocate
of Scotland to proceed against the company at the
public expense ?—No ; certainly not; unless there
were some public advantage in so doing ; they would
not listen to a particular individual complaint, unless
there were some public advantage in doing so.
Then why should a special distinction be made in
the case of a contract between the public and the
rAaciltwaafypcaorliampmaney ?—The distinction is made by the
Parliament.
Chairman—What is the nature of the reference
that the Post-office
instancesCommis-
sionerstheyhavein
ctahreryy ianpg piyto us, saying
that their mails by
guards, and that they want to know whether the
company are obliged to carry the mails under those
circumstances, and if they are obliged, what course
should be taken to compel them to do so.
Under what Act of Parliament is that ?—Under
the 9th section of the 9th and 10 h of Victoria, chap.
105 ; that is the Act which appoints the Commis-
sioners, the Act of 1846 : " And whereas, in some
cases, railway companies have exceeded the powers
given to them under the Acts consti'utieg them, or
have otherwise acted contrary to the provisions of the
powers now vested
said Acts, or of the General Acts fur regulating
Railways • be it enacted, that it shall be the duty of
the said dommissioners to prevent any such unlawful
c. 85, s. 16,
direct the Attorney
youkheavueppanyd
company ? ft
The powers to
iproceedings bby f the
he exercise
sai
said
ofan
Committee."y
which this Act refers are those contained in what is
tle7i7aehddllllBr.. Gladstone's Act, 7 and 8 is ,
l\ruwlthr:ttinder the llthe
un-
dertakenhatifsorthtehaparrtoicstu-loaffir cemasetoing
General to proceed against a railway
is the case of the Edinburgh, Perth,
and Dundee
Railway ; the question is, " Whether,
section of the 7th and Bth Vic., e. 85, th com
an
can refuse to allow the
to
A

leave bags at the intermediate stations between that
from which he started and that to which he has paid
his fare?"

Is not the real question in dispute with respect to
the times at which the railway company shall convey
Post-office letters ?—The question is, whether they
can prevent the guard leaving the bags at the inter-
mediate stations on the railway, going at the ordi-
nary rate at which other passengers travel.
Was not a case submitted to you where the Post-
office took advantage of a common train in order that
they might send the bags by a passenger paying the
common fare ?—That is a question in dispute, whe-
ther the railway company are not bound to do that
according to the existing law. It is provided by s.
11 of 7 and 8 Vict., c. 85, that the Postmaster-
General may send any mail-guard with bags not ex-
ceeding a specified length by any train, other than a
mail train, upon the same condition as any other pas-

senger.
Mr. Ricardo—The Commissioners of Railways
have power to compel such arrangements as they
may consider necessary for the public safety, and
also to determine what amount of expenses shall be
borne by each railway company, under the 11th
section of the sth and 6th Vict., c. 55 ?—That is as
to disputes between connecting railway companies,
not generally; but companies having a common ter-
minus, or portions of the same line in common, or
which form separate portions of one continued line of
railway communicatioa, where they cannot agree
upon agreements for conducting their joint traffic
with safety to the public.
In those cases the Railway Commissioners have
power to state what proportion of the expenses shall
be borne by each railway company F—Yes.
Will you proceed with the other duties which are
devolved upon the Commissioners of Railways
mentioned that we have to enforce the general Acts,
and that we have to enforce special Acts of Parlia-
ment relating to railways, of which there are twenty-
six folio volumes. The Commissioners have to direct
railway companies to make returns, according to a
form to be provided the Commissioners, of the aggre-
gate traffic in passengers, cattle, and goods ; also,
tables of all tolls, rates, and charges, and also returns
of all serious accidents. They have also to report to
her Majesty and both Houses of Parliament upon any
subject relating to any railway or proposed railway
which shall specially be referred to them for their
opinion by her nuesty or either Houses of Par-
liament. _ _

Mr. Ellice—ln your reports made with respect
to tolls, do you adopt any general principle ?—We
have adopted the general principle of looking at the
whole question, and also looking at the state and con-
dition of the particular railway.
Looking at the state and condition of the particular
railway, have you not made a report in favour of an
increase in the existing rate of tolls in one case, and
against an increase in another case ?—We reported ac-
cording to the special circumstances of each case, and
also considering the general principle on which Par-
liament has dealt with the subject of tolls.
Will you be good enough to state any two cases on
which you have made a report in this session, in one
of which you have recommended an increase of rate,
and in another of which you have recommended that
there should be no increase ?—I think in the case of
the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway it is recom-
mended that there should be no increase of rates; I
think in the case of the Great Northern Railway an
increase of rates is recommended.

Upon what ground did you report that there
ought to be no increase of rates in the Lancashire and
Yorkshire Railway ?—The report speaks for itself
upon that subject ; it was generally with reference to
the circumstances of the railway, laying it down as a
general principle, that that which Parliament has
sanctioned, after much consideration in the Com-
mittee, is not to be interfered with, unless for some
reasons which show that the arrangement which has
been made is one which cannot be carried into effect,;
we thought, with regard to the Great Northern
Railway, that at the particular time when that rail-
way was sanctioned, which was in 1845 and 1846, the
tolls were then placed by Parliament in some cases at so
low a rate (the company being then willing to take
the Bill upon any conditions), that there would not be
adequate return upon the capital expended ; but in the
other case, considering that the railway had existed
for a certain period, and that it would have paid a fair
dividend but fur the expenditure which had been
made upon branches and other works, we thought it
was not a case for an increase of rates, because money
had been uselessly expended—we thought that the
main line was not to pay for that expenditure upon
the branches connected with it, whereas in the other
case the whole line was taken at a rate not remune-
rative. That was the general principle; but it is
more accurately stated in the report.
Upon what ground do you report in favour of an
augmentation of the tolls of one company up to a
certain limit, while you report against a similar aug-
mentation in the case of another company ?—Tne
Great Northern was at a much lower rate than any
existing railway company; we thought it was not a
remunerative rate, and we thought it fit that the tolls
should be raised. On the other hand, we thought
that the Yorkshire and Lancashire was originally at a
fair remunerative rate ; that the Committee upon the
Bill had come to a right decision ; and that it would
have been remunerative, but that the company chose
to expend their capital upon some unprofitable and
useless branches.

The rate of tolls which you recommended was not
in accordance with that upon which the Bill was
granted ?—Certainly not.
Then, in fact, was not this raising the rate of toll
breaking faith with the public ?—lt was contrary to
the original decision of the Committee, no doubt; but
we recommended that the tolls should be raised, be-
cause we thought it impossible that the line could be
worked upon those tolls ; they were lower than the
existing tolls of any railway company.
The special circumstances of that railway led you
to think that if the toll were not raised, a return of

three per cent. might be obtained upon the capital in-
vested in that undertaking ?—Yes.
Unless you thought that was a sufficient remunera-
tion for the capital, surely you could upon no other
principle recommend that the company should not
have the power of raising their tolls, so as to increase
that rate of remuneration ?—I do not think that the
Commissioners could recommend that the tolls should
always be raised to a remunerative rate to the com-
pany, whatever might be the conduct of the company,
or whatever might be the circumstances under which
the railway was made; it depends partly upon the
circumstances under which it was constructed.
Chairman—When it is stated that the Railway
Commissioners alter the rate of tolls, is it to be under-
stood that the Railway Commissioners merely recom-
mend to Parliament that they should be altered ?—lt
is only a recommendation for the consideration of the
Committee upon the Bill.
Then do you regulate the amount of profit which a
railway ought to make ?—No ; we look at all the
conditions, all the circumstances of the case, and the
course which Parliament took originally.
Have the Commissioners made up their minds as
to the general question, whether the raising the tolls

is certainly a source of profit to railway companies ;
that is to say, whether higher rates must necessarily
give greater profits P—That must depend upon cir-
cumstances.

Chairman—When a railway company apply to Par-
liament for an Act, are they obliged, under the Stand-
ing Orders, to deposit a copy of their Bill with the
Railway Commissioners ?—Yes.
What do you understand to be the object of that
Standing Order ?—I will state the course adopted
with reference to that ; a copy of the Bill is depo-
sited with us on the 31st of December, at the same
time when the deposit is made in the Private Bill-
office; we then examine all the Railway Bills of the
session, with a view to matters affecting the public
interests, and whatever is thought objectionable in
the provisions, and any omissions and irregularities
in their provisions, are submitted to Mr. Booth,
who prepares the breviates, with a view to notes on
the breviates, or to the Chairman of Committees. Then
we prepare and settle clauses or amendments required
for giving effect to the suggestions of the Commis-
sioners ; and also we see the agents and parties relative
to the objections of the Commissioners ; we examine
the Bills as amended in Committee in the Rouse e f
Commons with reference to the above-mentioned
matters, and communicate with the Chairman
of
Committees thereon. Then we examine the Bills as
brought into the House of Lords,
il and as amended in
na Comi•tee in that H T
ouse. eropy es a standing order
c
of the house of Lords, that a
of every railway
Bill as amended in the Committee i
shall be deposited
at the Board of Tdays b
'Trade three before the same
shall be read a third time in the House. We com-
municate with the Chairman of Committees of the
House of Lords and with Mr. Palk
matters which we consider with reference t The
Bills are various. We consider the Bills with re-
ference to defining the purposes to which the money
authorized to be raised by the Bill is to be applied;
also as to the mode of raising the new share capital,
and the terms on which any preference shares are to be
issued ; also as to providing for the priority of existing
preference shares over new preference shares proposed
by the Bill; and as to compliance with the following
standing orders relating to Railway Bills—namely, res-
trictions on the amount that may be raised on mort-

gage; the insertion of a clause subjecting the railway
to any future general Act relating to rail ways ; the
insertion of dames prohibiting the payment
of interest out of capital ; the insertion
of clauses prohibiting the payment out of
capital of deposits in respect of future Bills, and other
standing orders. We also consider the Bills with
reference to provisions relating to other matters, such
as providing for compensation to landowners for in-
jury arising from the extension of time for taking ,
I land ; providing for compensation to landowners for
injury arising from the abandonment of a railway,
and many other matters.
In your opinion is the staff of the Railway Com-
missioners now equal, or more than equal, to the duty
imposed upon it ?—lt is certainly not more than
equal to the duty imposed upon it, because we are
obliged to call in occasionally additional assistance.
It appears that the secretary has 1,0001. a year
salary, besides 2021. per annum as pay; do you think
that is either too small a salary, or ton large a one,
for the duties of the office ?—That is the salary which
his predecessor, Captain Harness, had, who left the
Board at Easter last.

Who is Captain Wynne ?—He is an engineer of-
fizer, one of the inspectors.
And Captain Laffan the same ?—Yes.
The inspectors, it appears, have 1,575/. a year ?
In consequence of Captain Harness having left the
department, there has been a slight change since this
estimate was framed. The present amount is 1,4121.
for the two inspecting officers.
The sum of 1,4121. includes the salary of both in-
spectors ?—Yes.

- What are the duties of Lieutenant Galton ?—lie is
assistant-secretary, and has charge of the statistical
department.
What do you consider your own duties as one of
the Railway Commissioners to be, as distinct from
those of the President and Vice-President of the
Board of Trade ?—The whole business of the Rail-
way Commission comes under review before me,
and, of course, the whole of my time is occupied
with it ; only a portion of it comes under the review
of the President and Vice-President of the Board of
Trade.

The President and Vice-President are cognizant only
of that part of the business which you think it neces-
sary to consult them upon ?—Principally so, such as
matters likely to come before Parliament, and all
matters of very great importance, and in cases of de-
putations ; but not all cases of deputations ; some I
receive myself. _ _ _

What time are you occupied in the detail of your
office ?—I am occupied at the office during the sitting
of Parliament always from twelve to five, or longer
in the course of the day ; and when Parliament is not
sitting, I am there all the year, with the exception of
a month or five weeks, some hours during the day.
Can you state what the hours of attendance of the
clerks are in the Railway Commission ?—The clerks
in the Railway Commission come at half-past ten
and stay till five, or such time further as may be re-
quired.
Is there any report of the time of their attendance ?
—The time of their coming to the board is always
noted in a book, as in other offices.

To whom is that book submitted ?—The secretary
has charge of the book.

Mr. Ricardo—Can you state how many prosecu-
tions have taken place under the Commissioners of
Rsilways ?—I think there is one proceeding upon the
question of tolls as to the Great Western; that is un-
der their special Acts of Parliament; and the object
is to decide whether they are bound or not bound to
reduce their tolls. That was in consequence of me-
morials from Bath and Bristol, numerously signed,
complaining of the rate of tolls that the Great Western
Company were taking, and which they were not
authorised to do by their Act of Parliament. We con-
sidered the question, and proceedings have been insti•
tuted to oblige them to comply with the provisions of
their Acts; they are resisting that; they think they are
not bound to reduce the tolls, and the matter is under
consideration by one of the courts of law. That is one
case ; there is another proceeding which is also under
a special Act of Parliament, which is to oblige the
Great Western to complete the Oxford, Worcester, and
Wolverhampton Railway ; that is an application from
landowners and others, and memorials from various
towns. I should state that under the provisions of
their Acts of Parliament they were bound to under-
take the completion of the line, if the Oxford,
Worcester, and Wolverhampton Company failed in
doing so themselves, and that we were bound to com-
pel them to do so ; we considered the question, and
heard the parties; it was pending a very long time;
on various occasions we saw deputations upon it, and
we cause to the conclusion at last that it was our duty
to oblige the Great Western to comply with the pro-
visions of the Act of Parliament, and legal proceed-
ings are instituted in that case.
Are there any other cases 2—There are the Post-
office cases I have mentioned. There is a question
whether the North-Western Company are obliged to
carry policemen or not at a certain rate of charge, ac-
cording to the Act of Parliament.

Do the Railway Board consider that they hare
power, according to their discretion, to compel rail way
companies to perform engagements which they have
undertaken under special acts ?—W here it is for the
public advantage we should do it, not otherwise.
Mr. Ricardo—Many railway companies undertak-
.

ing to make branches have agreed to pay a dividend if
such branches are made ; would you consider that a
case for the Commissioners of Railways ?—lt must
depend upon the circumstances. I cannot say, unless
I had the whole of the facts before me, what I should
advise in a case of that description. If the Act of
Parliament provides that the company shall do an act
and the company refuse to do that act, we have the
power of enforcing the provisions of the Act, but we
rarely interfere.

GLOUCESTER MUSICAL FESTIVAL.
GLOUCESTER, MONDAY EVENING.
The festival fur 18.50 of the three choirs of Glouces-
ter, Hereford, and Worcester, was virtually com•
menced to-day, and under the most favourable
auspices. The weather has been fur several days
past bright and clear, and there is everything of a
settled period of brilliant autumnal weather. The
whole of the day has been most industriously occupied
in rehearsals. As early as ten o'clock—two hours
earlier than usual—the band and chorus were at their
posts in the cathedral orchestra, and the morning re-
hearsal did not terminate until past four this after-
noon. After an interval of three hours the rehearsal
of the secular music will be taken at the Shire-hall.
Tne festival is held a week earlier than it had been
originally contemplated. in deference to the wishes of
certain of the clergy, next week being an Ember
week. There are indications of a most successful
meeting. A large number of places have been se-
cured, both for the morning performances of sacred
music and the concerts, than has been remembered
for very many years past, and the city is already fast
filling with visitors. To•morrow the special trains
will commence running, when a vast accession to the
population of the district is expected. Special
trains will run from Cheltenham, Birmingham, Bris-
tol, Bath, Oxford, and even London, the Great
Western Company having given notice of their inten•
tion to run a cheap special train from London to-
morrow and on Friday mornings (the Messiah day).
A fear has been expressed that on these two days
there will be a cram at the cathedral, and hence per.
sons living in the neighbourhood are securing their
tickets at once. The stewards, however, will only
issue tickets according to the accommodation pro-
vided.

The festivals of the three choirs have now been I
established 126 years. They are held alternately at
Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester, and were ori-
ginally set on foot in 1723, in aid of a valuable charity
then Jointly formed by the dioceses of IVorcester,
Hereford, and Gloucester, for the relief of the widows
and orphans of such poor clergymenP dcfthese
founded,dioceses
as might have been left un rovi ed for by their natu-
ral guardians. The institution, as originally
was what it now professes to be—a gathering of the
three cathedral
It choirshas of Worcester, Hereford, and
however,has,until
tg gradually ual
reachedly
its pre-
sent
ns s u m eda
more important pos
high character in the charitable and musical
world. It now contributes mainly to the suste-
nance and education of a large number of widows
and orphans of deceased clergymen, who would
otherwise be thrown destitute upon the world.
It should be explained that the charity derives its
income, not from the proceeds of the sale of tickets of
admission to these festivals—for they have never yet
been known to pay their own expenses—but from
the eleemosynary contributions of the several con-
gregations at the morning performances of sacred
music. At the close of each morning's performance,
some of the leading noblemen and ladies of the
county collect the alms of the charitable at the doors
of the cathedral, and by this means from 6501. to
1,000/. per annum is raised on behalf of the widows
and orphans. The amount collected on their behalf
at Gloucester at the last festival held here in 1847
was 6861. ; next year, at Worcester, the amount col-
lected was 9691 ; and at Hereford, last year, 8331.
was received. The largest amount ever collected was
at Hereford, in 1840, when extraordinary exertions
were used. 1,0611. 2s. ld. was then raised, and at
Worcester, in 1842, the amount received for the
charity was 1,061/. is. Then contfibotim Are