The Sun.
London, England, 1850-01-01 00:00:00

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ceicuri. The paper cours!.,, 1,; sug.!• sted
rce,-zit et,ntrillu,i.!:: of Ale.7t. ,or b
to our niogriV:ic.ll literature. In ',ix first aricie in
thc present instalment of Magl we car. reco2;td•e at
a glance the hand of the historian Alison, bAng
pendant to his former chapter f our conteinporasry
annals, entitled the " Year of Revolution." Ihe
contribution before us, beirge(immemorative of 1849,
is headed, on the contrary, the " Year of Reacion." It
is, of course, throughout couched in langu3g, expres-
sive of exultation at the temporary defrat of the popullir
movement throughout the continent : and although we
sympathise in no re-pect in the sentiments therein
articulated, we cannot but be struck by the vigour
displayed in tha whole political synopsis. The fol-
lowing is the reference to the war between the dif-
ferent races, commenced in 1843 and terminated in
1849 :

The Lombard rose against the German, the Bohe-
mian against the Imperi dist, the llune..l:i an against the
Austrian; the Celt and the Saxon stood in arms against
each other. Naples wus rent in twain ;a ra volutionary state
was established in Sicily; the supreme P.:nttti was de-
throned at Rome; Piedmont joined the innovating party;
Lombardy rose up against Austria, Bohemia vas in
arms against Vienna, the Magyars revived against the
Germans the fierce hostility of five centuries; Prussia
was revolutionised, Baden ravaged, Denmark invaded;
the Poles could with difficulty be restrained amidst the
general effervescence; the Irish openly made prepara-
tions for rebellion and separation from Great Britain.
England itself was shaken; tho gravity and practical
tendency of the Anglo-Saxon character in part yielded
to the general contagion. London was threatened with
a revolutionary movement; the Chartists in all the ma-
nufacturing towns were prepared to follow the example;
treasonable placards, calling on the people to rise, were
to be seen on all sides; and the mighty conqueror who
had struck down Napoleon exerted his consummate skill
in 13,111ing the rebellion of his own countrymen, and won
a victory over anarchy not less momentous than that of
Waterloo, and not the less memorable that it did not
cost a drop of human blood."
The last sentence we cannot but regard as magni.
ficently hyperbolical. After giving this rapid
epitome of the antecedents of reaction, the writer
thus enumerates all that had been accomplished
towards the restoration of the Monarchical supremacy
in the subsequent eighteen months :

" Re volution had been crushed without the effusion of
blood in Be rhn: law had regained its ascendency; re-
bellion had quailed before the undaunted aspect of the
defenders of order and the throne. Naples had regained
the dominion of Sicily; the arms of France had restored
the Pope of Rome; the Eternal City had yielded to the
assault of the soldiers of Lauis Napoleon. Austria had
regained her ascendency in Italy; the perfidious aggres-
Bien of Charles Alpert had been signally chastis d by
the skill and deterwina•ion of the veteran Radetzky ;
Milan was again the seat of Imperial government; the
dream of a Venetian republic had passed away, and the
Place of St. Mark again beheld the doubled -fit aded
eagle of Austria at the summit of its domes. Baden was
conquered, Saxony pacific d; the fumes of revolutionary
aggression in Schleswig htei been dissipated by the fitna•
ness of Denmark, and the ready, although uuexerted,
support of Russia. Poland was overawed the Co-
lossus of the North; and even, the heroic valour of the
Magyara, so often in happier days the bulwark of the
Cross, had yielded to that loyalty and tenacity of par-
pose which has so long distinguished the Austrian
people, joined and aided by the support which, on this
as on many previous occasions, Russia has afforded to
the cause of order in Europe. ThOugh last, not least,
Great Britain was pacified: the dreams of the socialists,
the treason of the Chartists, had recoiled before the
energy of a people yet on the whole loyal and united.
Ireland, blasted by the triple curse of rebellion, pestilence,
and famine, had ceased to be an object of disquietude to
England, save from the incessant misery which it exhi-
bited; and its furious patriots, abandoning in multitudes
the land of their birth, were carrying into Trau,atlautis
regions the principle sof anarchy, and deathless hatred
at civilisation, which had su long laid waste their own
country."
One word we must perforce add to what we have
already said in reference to this contribution. It
does strike us as being rather inconsistent with
the previous paneygrics pronounced upon the
Hungarian revolutionists by Blackwood, to find the
same organ, which had so emphatically condemned
the conduct pursued by the Viennese Cabinet towards
the Magyars, saying now in January, 1850—" \\ in-
dischgratz in Bohemia, Radetzky in Italy, Jeilachich
10 Austria, stood forth as the saviours of the
monarchy, and with it, of the cause of European
freedom." Two serials are continued in the current
number—namely, the seventh part of the " Green
Hand " and the third part of. "My Perlin-
ular Medal." An agreeable criticism, entitled
"American Adventure," directs attention collectively
to books written by Theodore Johnson, Francis
Parkmao, and Lieutenant \Vise—each of thei: works
having particular reference to the gold diggings of
California. The concluding stanza, and the con-
cluding stanza alone, of the " Dark Waggon," is
Worthy the poetical genius of Delta. Coming as it
does after a prolonged narrative of the hurried pro-
gress of the blinded waggon, surrounded by a troop of
armed cavalry, from one extremity of the island to
the other—from Dunbarton to Westminster—it has a
very grand and solemn effect :
" Ye guardian angel:! that fulfil
Heaven's high decrees, and work its will—
Ye thund, r bolts! launched forth to kill,—
Where was it then ye slept—
When, foe-be:mocked, in prison square,
To death lore doomed, with dauntless air,
From out that van,
A shackled man—
To Sir William Wallace stept l"
the.. laborious but illogical contribution relating to
_ Bluish Agriculture and Foreign Competition," we
shall take the earliest opportunity of referring else-
where.

Even Fraser FRASER.
ari , the ultra-Tory and territorial-
doctristocracy loving Fraser, has fairly given up the
ne of protectien, and what is more, has fairly
exposed the motives of those who now attempt, Judas
like, to exploiter the distresses of the poor and the
humanity of the public by wilfully and fraudulently
raising the cry of protection to native industry, as
though the distresses of the poor needless omen
and tailors Lad been occasioned by foreign
competition, or could be relived by doubting
the price of bread, of which these unfor-
tunate persons ate the great consumers.
In the course of a very ably written article on Labour
and the Peor,"with which the present number of Fraser
opens, we find the following passage on the suhject
of the " protection cry," with which the insolvent
landlords are endeavouring to gull the public. "God
knows," says this writer,
" That if I thought protection would restore the con-
dition of the labouring classes of England, I would
strive for it to-morrow. But I have been unable yet to
see what the restoring of prof( ction could do fcr tl
purpose. Free-trade is of yesterday; the fall in wages
is constant. Even at Spitalfields, some at least of the
Workmen have teen eanueh to tell you that they have
driven t` o French out of the market; and yet the pt o
pie are starving whilst they are being drivt_n out. Is it
foreign competition that affects the sempstresses ? Is it
the French or the Americans who are deluging us with
cheap coats, cheap trousers, cheap greatcoats, cheap
shirts? Was it a Frenchman that brought down the
prices of the stay making? Was it a French butcher
that took the workhouse-girls to make cheap embroidi r-
ers of them? So far as the cry fcr free trade springs
from the mere idolatry of cheapness,—so far as it is not
connected with an earnest desire to break down com-
mercial barriers, pat an end to the demoralizing practice
(2t. smuggling, and bind the nations of the earth eh ser
c,wtyl closer into one family, I am ready to condemn it
tkatth Mr- G. F. Young himself; but who does not see
h ib. for protection is, in the mouth of the
great the cryrote 9- of its utterers, but a cry for agricultural
from e,t1,143n, that is to say, for the shutting out of food
'e starvin illions of a country that does not
produce enough form s
own subsistence? Who does not
see that its advocates are full, in fact, of all the worst
elements of selfishness and mammon-worship of the
jePstr theysite Party, and are only willing not to buy cheap
tbat should no longer be able to sell dear? So
issue difference between the two parties is only an
is
unTerlitet as to the better machinery of extortion. It
under pritteit
tte.tion that wages have been ever sinking;
the very
litibalsotoe that prcfits have got to be wrung from
tionto-m.ofrr_ohwe. who
of the workman. Restore protec•
portion can reckon what horeceopathic pro-
artizati's pocket? "etea`© in prices would go into the
The author of. this article does not consider emigre-
tion
as a sufficient remedy
for the evil we have to
combat, although he admits that it ma be en excel-
lent accessory to . others. II Y _
e remedy which
he recommends Is a sort of organization
of labour—a kind of pale Louis Blancism,
which, inasmuch as it does not go to
the state of
the root of the
evil, must necessarily in the long run prove inefficient
its a remedy. The inquirers into
the
labouring poor have hitherto contented themselves
with listening to the tales of wo told by the are`ch
operetives alone; but
e(ll3' underpaid and starving
let them go to the employers of these operit,tves,aod
t.
th''Y will find that those employers are
„heins,lv!e
ect•wed cloven by the usurer and the capitalist, who in
their turn are obliged to charge an exorbitantin-
terest to make up for the losses incurred by the
great risks w hich they run —risks priucip illy, it
not Wholly, occasioned by a vicious system of
legislation, I%bieli designedly and avowedly secrifices
in every instance persons to property, and every other
sPeFies of property to lauded property, in order to
n-ttaitain tlie supremacy of a territorial. albeit, insoli-
vent aristocracy. Ileve not the clearings of Ile Duke
off. Sutherland ni;d other proprietors in the North, and
..yethe 'rid'. landlords, tended to beat down
.1 rate of wages everywhere by driving the
eei•try into the towns to compete in the
labour,o tnerkq ? Do not our laws of inheritance,
ict).vriino4eniture, and of entail, keep down wages by
thLetng up immense masses of capital which, but for
"e laws) would be brought into the market for