The Sun.
London, England, 1850-12-17 00:00:00

13, Great Marlborough-street. ' Belgium at this particular moment seems to be
CHEAP R E-ISSUE of PEPYS' solicitous to render herself more than ever prominent
DIARY and CORRESPONDENCE.
The FIRST VOL U3IE, PRICE fis. BOUND, will appear with in her activity. From the efforts now making in her
the Magazines on the let of January, and the remaining four volumes
principal cities, we may augur well for her contribu-
in regular monthly succession.
N.B. Those who desire copies on the days of publication e
tions to the Exhibition—and this, moreover, not only
requested to give their orders immediate'y to their booksellers.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. in regard to their excellence, but to their surprising
diversity. From Courtray, for example, we shall
probably have flax manufactures, lace from Ypres,
brussels carpets from Tourney, cotton fabrics from
Ghent, pottery from Mons, ornamental products from
Spa, carvings from Louvain, and cutlery from
Namur—termed very justly by the Art Journal
the Belgian Sheffield. Similar preparations,
though not perhaps so various, are recog-
nized in many quarters of the Austrian em-
pire, among the sculptors of Ratisbon and the gauze
makers of Linz, among the mechanical workmen of
Vienna and the woollen factors of Brunn, among the
stocking weavers of Reichenberg and the glass-
blowers of Prague. Meanwhile the toil of preparation
is not less manifest among ourselves—from the arti-
zaps who are building up the magnificent structure
designed by Mr. PAXTON, to the humblest handi-
craftsmen employed in our workshops and manufac-
tories. The mere anticipation of the Exposition
would appear here and there to have im-
parted a new and powerful incitement to
the more adroit among our ingenious fellow -country-
men. In illustration of this, we refer especially to
certain articles submitted to a novel description of
waterproofing, and several of which may be expected
to arrive in due time at Hyde-park from Cocker-
mouth. The patterns referred to are thus men •
tioned :—" They are of every fabric, from the finest
open lace to the fustian of the mechanic ; each ap-
pears to be as if just cut from the web ; not the
slightest difference is observable betwixt those that
had undergone his process of waterproofing and those
that had not ; even the most delicate silks are not in
the least altered, either in colour, feel, or smell, ex-
cept that they are perfectly impervious to moisture,
the water rolling over them as if from the duck's
back or the cabbage-leaf. The most extraordinary
sight of all was to see a piece of open net or lace,
which had held water for the last month, the water
rolling upon its surface like a ball of quicksilver ;
and the other a piece of broad-cloth and fustian, on
which was poured boiling water, with no other effect
than the steam passing through it, the cloth itself ab-
sorbing not one particle of water." Added to the re-
markable properties of the fabrics thus effectually,
waterproofed, they possess others not yet particu-
larised. From the columns of an intelligent
provincial contemporary, the Whitehaven Herald,
we learn, for ,instance, that " the most extra-
ordinary, as well as the most valuable characteristic
is, that though cloth of any description, after having
been waterproofed by this process, will resist boiling
water, which makes not, in fact, the slightest im-
pression upon it, it is not in the slightest degree less
impervious to vapour, the steam and even the breath
passing as freely through it as before it was submitted
to the waterproofing process, thus showing its in-
calculable superiority to the mackintosh process,
which, by impeding perspiration, is well known to
be highly prejudicial to health." The ingenious con-
trivance here especially particularised is by no means,
however, the only testimony recently afforded
of the good results of these preparations
for the Industrial Exhibition. Others scarcely
less noticeable might readily be instanced,
but we content ourselves with the foregoing both
from the singularity of its character and from a con-
viction that one such evidence of enterprise will be
sufficient to indicate the happy consequences of the
entire movement—our readers being thus enablel to
judge of the whole collective undertaking, as it were,
ex pede Herculetn.
Although we have repeatedly endeavoured in these
columns of late to direct attention to the efforts now
making likewise with a view to a reform of the Pa-
tent-laws of the United Kingdom, we cannot
but again refer incidentally to those humane
exertions as not the least among the many
beneficial fruits already growing out of this
project of an International Exhibition. A little
longer continuance of the energy hitherto shown by
the Committee appointed by the Society of Arts for
the purpose of carrying into effect these same legis-
lative emendations, cannot but result in the most
brilliant and effectual success. The evil against
which the Committee is uplifting every available
weapon of opposition is altogether too old and clumsy
to admit of any protracted resistance, added to
which the advocates of the change are too
resolute in their determination to realize their
long- delayed but long-cherished hopes, to render
their discomfiture probable, we might even say, pos-
sible. So that we count, with implicit confidence,
on participating in the satisfaction resulting from the
anticipated victory—satisfied that, by the reform of
the Patent-laws, the Zxhibition of 1851 will be
commemorated on the statute-book of England.

girl from the grave into) which she WAS rapidly
sinking before his benevolent interference.
But Mr. PHILLIMORE -could not be expected to
become the prosecutor. That duty palpably de-
volved upon the guardians of the union,
in which the poor creature bad remained
for more than ten years, who were to her in loco

alliance which the King of DENMARK has been said
to contemplate, we find it stated in the Borsenhalle
that the Princess that is mentioned in covnexion with
this project is the sister of the Prince of HESSE
(heir apparent to the Danish throne, and, by reason
of a former alliance, aon•in-law to the Emperor of
Russie).

:slow ready at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., post STO.,
SA NOVEL. 0 0 D.
" The author, we are convinced. is young, otherwise we could
hardly see displayed such fresh and enthusiastic sympathy in be-
half of his heroes and heroines. He is a writer of genius, inspired
by a high standard of morality and religion, and by a laudable love
of the purest sort of fame. We gather this from the glowing lan-
guage in which he expresses his feelings, sentiments, and opinions
on the subjects just mentioned. There are several chapters, in
which links of the story are dropped, containing most eloquent essays
matters that are the prima mobilla of the actions which cha-
racterise nature's nobility. The writer evidently belongs, though he
has _marked per se peculiarities, to the school of the Disraelis, Man-
aarses, and Smythes."—Observer.
Silwood' is no ordinary work ; it contains passages of exceed-
ing beauty, and Is written in pure and forcible language, with great
good taste and power. It is one of the most interesting and en
gaglog novels which the present season has produced. 01 the cha-
racter of Amelia Ross we have already spoken, and the extract we
have given above is the surest voucher of the truth of what we have
said. The other ladies who play conspicaons parts In the tale are
Florence Howard, an intellectual beauty; Jessie Gcrdon, a wild and
impulsive genius, passionately fond of music and poetry; and Julia
bisitizuld, the noblest and best of them all."—Morning Post.
Richard Bentley, New Barlington-street.

parentis, having bad the charge of her from
the early age of five years. But, although the mere
application for a summons had been reported in every
daily journal, and had created a profound sensation in
the public mind, there was no person present to re-
present the board, to see that the orphan pauper re-
ceived full justice. The evidence then adduced
showed that it was essential that Mrs.
SLOANE should be brought forward. If there
were any public prosecutor a warrant would have
been forthwith issued in place of a mere suPnmons,
which was treated with such contemptuous disregard.
Even on the day for the adjourned hearing there was
no prosecutor; messages were going back ward and
forward between the guardians and the Poor-law
Board, the , former desiring to know whether they
would be allowed their expenses, the latter avoiding
an answer. There could be no doubt that they
were the proper parties. The very point bad been
decided last term by the Court of Queen's
Bench ; but they" remained irresolute, and
the Poor-law Board mysterious. Mr. PONTIFF%
attended, but "he was not prepared to enter into the
facts of the case," and there is as yet no security that
Mra. Su:rem; will be in attendance to abide her trial.
She may at any moment she pleases lease the country.
We again ask, where is she? why is she not forth-
coming ? It she should choose to avail herself of the
opportunity allowed to her, and to abscond from the
investigation, there will be a failure of justice that will
excite the public indignation in no ordinary degree—
a failure that must be altogether ascribed to the want
of a recognized and responsible public prosecutor.

AMERICAN NEWS.

THE

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH )
LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY MOANING, 10 O'CLOCK.

The British and North American Royal Mail
steam-ship Niagara has just entered the Mersey, with
the latest news from New York. She left on the
4:h inst. The Niagara has encounterrd heavy gales,
which accounts, in Lome measure, for her lengthened

passage.
By this arrival we have the President's Message, as
delivered on the 4th inst., at \Vashing'on.
The leading recommendations of the President's
Messege are as follows :
" Mutual reproach and recrimination, leading to
useless irritation among the several mcmbets of the
Union, should be avoided and deprecated.
"All laws, while they exist, must be enforced and
obeyed, whether popular or obnoxious. The Presi•
dent must see the law enfored, without exception or
discrimination. If any Act should pass both Houses
of Congress which should appear to him unconstitu-
tional, or an encroachment on the just rights of other
departments, or provisions hastily adopted and
likely to produce consequences injurious and unfore-
seen, he will consider it his duty to apply the veto
power confided to him by the constitution, and
arrest it.
" Foreign relations generally are amicable and sa-
tisfactory. With Portugal, Brazil, Chili, Peru, and
the Hawaiian kingdom, they are improved or improv-
ing. Mexico is being importuned to grant a more un-
restricted right of way for a railroad across the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec; and the President hopes he
shall arrange with Great Britain respecting the ocean
ship-canal through Nicaragua.
"He says that a treaty has been ratified by the
United States and Great Britain for facilitating and
constructing a ship-canal to connect the Atlantic with
the Pacific at that point ; and but two objects in
connexion with it remain to be accomplished,—viz.,
the designation and establishment of a free port at
each end of the canal, and fixing a distance from each
shore within which belligerent operations shall not be
carried on.
" The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal
year which closed with June last were nearly 47}
millions.
" The federal revenue should be raised mainly by
duties on imports. Those duties should be so levied
as to benefit incidentally home industry, by shielding
it from destructive foreign competition. They should
not be exorbitant, but moderate; should be specific
as far as possible ; and, whenever ad valorem rates
are tolerated, they should be computed on the home,
instead of the foreign valuation.
" Mr. Fillmore recommends that California have
a branch mint, and meantime gold stamped by the
United States assayer should be received in pay-
ment.

HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE
THE GRAND NATIONAL CONCERTS.
The LAST WEEK of the present season.
Lover's Masqvc, " The Isle of Calypso,' will be produced To-mor.
row.
_____

"An efficient agricultural bureau should be at

once created.
" The Mexican land titles in California should be
promptly adjudicated, and the land laws extended to
Utah and New Mexico.
"The gold lands should be sold in small quantities.
" The Message further recommends the organiza-
tion of one or more regiments of mountain men for
the protection of the frontiers in New Mexico and
south of it, to help to keep the Indians of Mexico
within bounds ; also that a law be passed authorising
officers of army and navy to be retired from the ser-
vice when incompetent to perform it vigorous and
active duties, taking care to make suitable provision
for those who have faithfully served the country by
awarding distinctions, and by retaining in appropriate
commands those who have been conspicuous for good
conduct.

"A revision of the naval code is rendered neces-
sary by the recent abolition of flogging.
" The Post-office department has cleared 340,000
dollars the past year, and the Postmaster •General
and President unite in recommending a reduction of
the rates of postage to 3 cents for pre-paid and 5 cents
for unpaid letters, no matter what distance conveyed,
with some reduction on printed matter also. The
Message recommends, also, river and harbour im-
provements, lighthouses, &c.; and a prompt and disin-
terested tribunal to adjudicate all claims on the Go-

vernment.
"Lastly, the President is in favour of the fixed
measures of the late session, Fugitive Slave Law in-
cluded. He says we have, by these Acts, been
rescued from a wide and boundless agitation."
This Message is looked upon as a quiet, sensible
document, but not an important one.

We have repeatedly directed the public attention
o the imperative necessity fur the appointment of a
public prosecutor or prosecutors, whose duty it shall
be to inquire into every alleged offence—to see that
every outrage against society shall be fully and fairly
investigated, so that the perpetrators shall duly expiate
their climes, by enduring adequate punishments,
and, at the same time, that comparatively
innocent persons shall be defended from frivolous
and vindictive proceedings, instituted not for the
sake of justice, but as instruments of oppression or
extortion, to gratify feelings of malevolence or cupi-
dity. Under the present system, as Lord BROUGHAM
justly remarked in his magnificent speech on Legis-
lation and the Law, " we alone of all civilized nations
—we, contrary to all principle, and in spite of all ex-
perience, still persist in leaving the common law to ex-
ecute itself." This is indeed the truth. It is a matter
of the merest chance, a perfect lottery, whether
the most atrocious acts remain unpunished or in-
nocent persons be involved in prosecutions. We are
told that a man is forbidden to take the law into his
own hands, that the private injury is merged in the
public outrage ; but yet the offender, however deep
his guilt, may escape scatheless unless his victim be
in a position to expend a large sum in teeing
attorney and counsel to conduct the case and
in bringing up his witnesses, with the
risk, if not the absolute certainty, of sus-
taining a heavy pecuniary loss, which he may
be ill able to afford ; for, even where the expenses of
the prosecution are allowed, the bill of costs that
must be paid to the attorney will considerably exceed
the amount sanctioned by the county. This is a
serious grievance, where the party is able to
meet the necessary outlay without any great in-
convenience, and where he comes to the first ex-
amination, attended by a competent professional
adviser ; but it is not the wealthy who
most frequently appear as complainants. Those
who suffer the greatest wrongs are but
too frequently without means or resources. If the
duty is thrown upon them, there may as well be no
inquiry or charge before a magistrate; they can do
nothing for themselves, and few indeed are willing
to step forward as the protectors of the poor and
needy.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
The money market is without change. The sup-
ply is abundant, at 5 to 6 per cent. on collateral
loans, and 6to 7 per cent. on first-class paper. The
market for stocks has not varied materially since the
last steamer, and the demand has been to a fair
extent. Exchange s are firm and in fair demand.
The supply is moderate. Sterling is 9f to 10 per
cent., first class bills ; francs, 520t0 5 184. Conti-
nental bills on silver currency countries are firm ;
Amsterdam, 40i to 41-1 ; Hamburgh, 364 to 36f ;
Bremen, 794.
Cotton—Since the departure of last steamer we
have a dull market, and prices are a shade lower.
Total sales since the 25th ult., 5,400 bales. The
receipts are 48,000 behind those of last year. The
estiinatess of the new crop are 2,100,000 bales.
Iron—The market since our last has been quite
dull, and we know of no sales worth reporting.
Freights—The rates area trifle lower, with en-
gagements to some extent for Liverpool, at 101 d. to
s. per barrel on sour, and closing at the latter rate ;
and 4d. per bushel on wheat.
NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 30.
The sales of cotton yesterday were 1,000 bales,
and, after the receipt of the Europa's news, an ad-
vance of to 4 per cent. took place, middling being
quoted 134 e. to laic. The sales of the week have
been 26,000 bales.

EAST INDIA PATRONAGE.:—The honest disposal of
East India patronage, in requital of past services, without
reference to personal connexion or Parliamentary or any
other indirect influence in this country or elsewhere, is a
fair subject for public commendation. We have therefore
much pleasure in recording that at a period of unexampled
demand for ap[ ointments in the East, Mr. J. Shepherd, the
chairman of the Court of Directors, has lately bestowed a
cadetship on a son of Lieutenant-Colonel Havelock, Deputy-
Adjutant-General of the Queen's troops at Bombay. Mr.
Loch had previously set apart a nomination to Addiscombe
for this youth, but he was above the age prescribed for en-
tering that establishment. Neither the chairman nor the
director had any knowledge of the father or thl son beyond
the history of the military career of the former in India,
where he had served nearly 27 years continuously, having
been employed on the staff in the Burmar, Affghan, Gwalior,
and Sutlej campaigns, and assisted at the defence of Jells-
ladad. His elder brother fell, as is well known, in the action
at Ramnuggar,' and a younger was severely wounded at
Ferozeshubur.
THE KING OF DENMARK AND HIS WIVES.—A
letter from Hamburgh, dated the sth instant, contains the
following :—The latest news from Copenhagen is of the Ist
instant. According to a rumour circulating in the capital at
that date there is reason for believing the King had resolved
to separate from Madame Rasmussen, the mistress whom he
lately 'parried and ennobled. The motives which may have
led to this resolution are but vaguely understood. Should it
be realised, Madame Rasmussen will make the third legiti-
mate wife from whom the King will have separated within
a few years. The first was daughter of the late King, his
uncle, Frederick VI.; the second a Mecklenburgh princess;
the third, as every one knows, was one of the ballet corps at
the Copenhagen opera. As the price of this matrimonial
rupture, the Countess Rasmussen is to receive an annuity of
12,000 dollars besides apanages.

The case of the unfortunate girl JANE WILBRED,
to which we alluded on Saturday, affords an apt illus-
tration of the probable results of the present defective
and impolitic system. She wasrescued almost from the
jaws of death by the humane interference of a perfect
stranger. Mr. JOHN GEORGE PHILLIMORE acci•
dentally heard the rumours that had fo r some tine
been circulating as to the alleged ill.treatment of the
wretched girl. He lost no time in ascertaining the
truth of these statements ; he insisted on seeing the
servant of a profts.ional gentleman, a special pleader
occuping a fair position in society. The view was
sufficient. Me at once assumed the responsibility of
taking charge of the helpless sufferer ; he placed
her under the care of his laundress, and provided
the nutritious food and medical advice that
was so urgently required. But he had then no in-
tention of instituting any proceedings ; on the con
trary, he told Mr. SLOANE that he" would prevent his
clerk, and those around him, from making any im-
mediate charge," and it was not until after he had
heard from Dr. MARSDEN of the fearful condition to
which the poor creature bad been reduced, and the
actual danger in which she was placed at the mo-
ment, that he felt it to be an imperative duty
to bring the subject under the magisterial
notice. All honour to Mr. PHILLIMORE for his
highly meritorious and praiseworthy conduct; but
it was, after all, a mere chance that he even heard of
the case, or wad enabled to preserve a friendless

MIDLAND UNION RAILWAY. - Yesterday his
Honour Master Tinney appointed Mr. R. P. Harding, ac-
conntant and actuary, official manager, to wind up the
affairs of this company, the liabilities of which are alleged
to amount to 80,0001. Messrs. Quilter and Sandeman wine
the other candidates.

NATIONAL DISINFECTED AND DRT MANURE COM-
PANY.— Yesterday another claim was brought in under this
estate, for 5641., and proceeded with.

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC lIIERARCHT.-00 Sunday
evening a large congregation assembled at St. George's
Roman Catholic Cathedral, to hear Dr. Wiseman's second
lecture on the constitution and functions of the Runtish
hierarchy.
ESCAPE or CONVICTS.—Three convicts under sen-
tence of transportation for ten years each, named John Brad-
wich, 26, John Thompson, 22, and Charles Webster, 22, suc-
ceeded in making their escape from the convict establish-
ment on Dartmoor ou Wednesday last, and have not since
been heard of.

THE TEA TRADE, Dec. 16.—The deliveries last
week were again largp, being 5:i0,1041b. The market has
not been particularly active, however.

HARD UPON LADIES OF A CERTAIN AG E.—ln taking
the census next March the exact ages of women must be
given. At the last census the column for age was headed
25-30" and " 35-40."

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER l7, 1850.

TILE SHARE MARKETS.

BRITISH RAILWAYS

Nominal Prices.