The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-15 00:00:00

Sir JAMES GRAHAM evidently assumes tim

the law does not go far enough. He would
strike, by punishments beyond the law, at those
deficiencies—(still left in the moral nature of
men whose crimes have been legally visited)—
which no human law can ever strike. He would
penetrate but to punish the guilty secrets of
that consciousness which is potent only to the
individual delinquent and his MASER; for the
guilt, of which human institutions could take
cognisance, human laws have already exacted
their vengeance for. To what end, if not for
this inhuman and presumptuous purpose, does
the Home Secretary of State thus attach him-
self to his " model" system, with its dreary cells
—its compulsory silence—its monotonous misery
—its leisure for maddening remorse—its prompt-
ings to . self-destruction its solicitations to
hopeless despondency or desperate despair?
Does lie reflect that the certain failure,
for which this terrible machinery is set
in motion, must be worked out, not by mere bo-
dily privation, captivity, and disgrace, but by the
cwithdrawaltabuse l
of all signs of human gym-
Ireect ickwohfmh tyrants
Godlike, original endow-
nv-in rantshave not hitherto presumed
to tamper with, which, even the torment of the
rack, was not directed against, which the axe of
the headsman and the cord of the hangman may
be said to respect amidst the pangs of corporeal
death. The forcible restraints m these " model"
the horror of unbroken silence,
the
cells on the expression of all emotion, the
aylex-
tinction of all curiosity, the prohibition of all
a
pathy,
the spirits, brutify the mind,
destroy life, but the object of punishing what
the law cannot—of reclaiming whom the ordinary
course of imprisonment cannot—will never be
achieved to such an extent as to justify the
means resorted to in the attempt. Let us put
the case to Sir J. GRAHAM of some grave
offences, not cognisable at law—yet of everyday
occurrence—and ask how he would proceed with
them? How would he deal with a man (let us
suppose) notorious for his faithlessness to parties,
his forgetfulness of principles, his abandonment
of early connexions, his violation of often-re-
corded 'pledges, his transient friendships, his
enduring enmities ? How would he denounce,
and visit with signal penalties, the abjurer of his
political leaders and his private companions for
the sordid purposes of his interested selfishness;
a traitor to the cause of these, a renegade from
the doctrines of those? What the " model"
process by which lie would silence for ever that
perverted eloquence once loud in the champion-
ship of liberal institutions and popular rights,
but afterwards, like BELIAL'S, perverted,
" To make the worse appear the better reason?"

Would Sir JAMES GRAHAM press the extremity
of the refined and more than legal vengeance of
his" model prison punishments" against such a
man, in addition to the penalty that would have
been already paid by the offender, on the score
of his former and the distrust of his present con-
nexions; in the forfeited good opinion of manly,
honest, and consistent antagonists, his former
associates; and the loud but shameful plaudits
of those for whom he had betrayed them; of
these, to whom he was bound by the obedience
rather of a suspected servant, than the confiding
equality of a trusted friend ?
No man knows better than Sir J. GRAHAM
that such offences—infinitely to be reprobated as
they are by the upright and the wise—are not
punishable, and cannot be punished, at law.
No man, we are sure, would be less inclined than
Sir JAMES GRAHAM to press against them that
sort of penalty so much beyond the law, which
we have just now feebly described.

At no period, perhaps, Since the, appearance
of Mr. HosiossoN's pamphlet in 1810, entitled
" The Question of Depreciation Stated and Ex-
amined," and the discussions upon PEEL'S Bill
of 1819, have questions connected with the
monetary condition of this country been. dis-
cussed with more eagerness and ability than at
the present moment. Letters, pamphlets, and
_other communications on these vital subjects,
pour in upon us so fast, that we are unable to keep
pace with, or find room for, these addenda to our
stock of knowledge on the actual condition and
prospects of our currency. On this account it
is, that we have not yet been able to devote by
any means so large a share of notice as we could
have desired to afford, to either of the two
antagonistic tracts to which we have recently
referred, namely, " The Minister Mistaken,"
and Mr. HUBBARD'S " Currency of the

Country." But in a few days we may
probably light upon an opportunity for re-
viewing these, more at large, tonther with a

remarkable brochure, a copy of which (the second
edition) is now before us, entitled " Currency
fallacies refuted and Paper-money vindicated;
by the author of an Essay on Money," &c. This
last we shall warmly commend to the best atten-
tion of our readers.

In the meanwhile it may not be unprofitable to
consider the startling evidences which, on every
side, attest the alarming fact that there does exist,
somewhere, in our monetary system a principle
of present disintegration,—a tendency to early
decay—the consequences of which, if not averted
by timely legislation, must be calculated to over-
whelm the industrial energy and commer-
cial prosperity of the empire in ap-
palling ruin. If we look to the great

home marts of labour and manufactures,
Manchester, Leeds, Huddersfield, &c., we find
the phenomenon of increased activity without
any corresponding improvement in the social

condition of the masses. The demand for hands

has unquestionably increased ; the quantity and
the quality of the subsistence consumed in the
localities where the operative population is most

dense, remain absolutely unaltered, if compared
in a ratio corresponding with that of the addi-
tional labour called into action. Wages manifest
little disposition to rise above the disastrous level
to which they had fallen just prior to the last

season of stagnation. In some of the mining
districts, as we have recently been called upon
to show, labourers seem content to balance the

oss and injury they sustain by getting their sup-

plies on the "truck system" and from " tommy

shops" (so they are called), rather than embroil
themselves with their masters, by enforcing
their legal claim to the payment of money wages,
the minimum scale of which could not compensate
them for the inconvenience and hazard they
would incur by vindicating that claim. The
bankrupts' and insolvents' lists afford weekly
demonstration of the languishing condition of
retail trade in our provincial towns; and mer-

cantile enterprise seems to be gradually closing
up various ancient channels of foreign commerce,
heretofore extensive and productive. If we re-
gard the increase in the population of the
United Kingdom, and take into account the re-
ductions of duties and taxes which have occurred
since the Census of 1831, we must admit that
the Excise and Customs returns—with here and

there a transient symptom of rally and revival—
do yet leave us to infer, that the power of con

sumptfon has retrograded instead of advanced,
regard being had to the numerical increase of
those who ought to be consumers. Then, the
incessant transfers of real and chattel property,

which have so much enriched our principal
estate agents and auctioneers within the last
few years,—how strong a confirmation do they
give to the presumption, that men in much
higher classes than the artisans, the miners,
the tradesmen we have spoken of, but
who have not the good fortune to be
persons of fixed incomes, annuitants, or mort-
gagees, are compelled to succumb to a pressure
1 which, by an indirect, but certain operation, un-
settles, and finally impairs, the absolute value of
their nominal incomes f The landlords, both those
in the highest and those in the lower scales of
that important community, get in their nominal
rents only by annual and very extensive de-
ductions and allowances to their tenants; and in
this respect come within the same category of
those who suffer this process of money depletion.
• It would be almost a work of supererogation,
at this time of day, to show that the cause of
these derangements is identified with a vicious
system of currency, which system, by despotically
controlling prices, operates directly upon wages.
By fraudulently enhancing mortgage debts and
rent charges and annuities,—contracted in a cheap
currency with high prices, and made, by an ex
post facto law; repayable in a dear currency with
low prices,—it ruins the heirs of many a fine pro-
perty, who represent the original mortgagors ;
it encumbers estates that, at the time their
liabilities were incurred, seemed well able
to defray the amount of them, with pay-
ments which are fast impoverishing (by
the unnaturally exaggerated value of the
currency in which they are now to be satisfied)
the successors of those who contracted the in-
cumbrances. But we may point to these and
other circumstances as proving the main grounds
of the case upon which the opponents of the
Currency Bill of 1819 are urging upon the public
mind, so anxiously and ably, the necessity for
repealing that measure, and refortning, expand-
ing, and consolidating the bases of our monetary
system.

In looking back to the history of the opinions
and transactions which led to the fatal currency
tampering of 1819, it is impossible not to per-
ceive that the Bank of England has had, through-
out the discussions of that period, and ever since,
very hard and very unjust measure dealt to it.
It is not our purpose or wish to vindicate every
part of the conduct of that vast establishment
in dealing with the enormous power which the
ignorance, or the fears, of successive Govern-
ments may have placed at its disposal, since
the commencement of the late war in 1803. But
it is now pretty certain that the whole clamour
which was raised in 1810 and 1811 about the
enormous depreciation of its paper, and the ex-
travagance of its issues, was founded on no sub-
stantial data, but on crude and precipitate,
though plausible, conclusions, from ill under-
stood premises. Even the writer of the celebrated
paper on the " Bullion Question" (generally
supposed to have been the late Mr. HORNER,
M.P.), in the Edinburgh Review of that time,
in his elaborate argument to establish the fact of
the great depreciation of the Bank paper, in
order to justify the then urgently demanded
establishment of a metallic currency at the ear-
liest practicable period which might offer after
the establishment of peace ; admitted that the
assumed depreciation of 17} per cent. was " in-
credible, if not impossible ;" and demonstrated
at the same time, that the highly unfavourable
state of the exchanges against this country,
which all parties have concurred in attributin,n,
to the same cause, was not anything like the
printed lists' report, which report was grounded
on a fallacy very easily explained, and very
clearly exemplified by the Reviewer. Now the
depreciation of the Bank paper was, itself, in-
sisted upon as the result of sudden and excessive
over-issues of it, at a time immediately preceding
the article on the Bullion Question in 1811, and
again at a time just antecedent to PEEL'S Bill in
1819. But we suppose it will be conceded,
first, that whilst there was little or no metallic
currency in the country wherewith to pay one-
fourth even of the amount of its taxation, the
Bank of England was bound to maintain a cir-
culation of its paper proportioned, in some fair
degree, to the amount of the domestic and
commercial wants of the public, as well as
the coincident taxation ; and, second, that,
80 long as the Bank paper did not exceed
this fair proportion, its issues cannot be
'said to have been excessive. We find in
1811, the distinguished authority we allude to,
thus unfairly blinking this principle of apprecia-
tion. He says that, " whilst the excess of the
market above the Mint price of gold" (conse-
quent on the drain of the war, and the payment
of our armaments and subsidies) "is such as to
treble the foreign exchanges against us, the
issues of the Bank of England's paper, taking
the whole of it in circulation, amount to fully
one-third more than its amount at any former
time." On reference to the appendix of the Re-
port on the Bullion Committee, it will be found,
that whereas, in the period from 1798 to 1804,
the average annual taxation being 30,146,0001.,
the amount of Bank notes in circulation was
15,151,0001., or 50 per cent. in proportion
to the taxation, the proportion having been
fifty-seven per cent. from 1791 to 1797), in the
period from 1805 to 1811, the taxation averaging
annually 47,436,0001., the Bank notes were
19,751,0001., or in the proportion of 42/. per cent.
only. This difference shows the equitable mode
in which the circulation was regulated by the
13ank, according to the taxation. A•gain,
years from 1812 'to 1819, when the annual ave-
rage of taxation was 53,105,C00/., that of Bat*

notes was 26,292,000/.; the proportion being in-
creased to 50 per cent. And with good reason,
surely, was this only available circulation, to
such a colossal extent, expanded—but not be-
yond a fair proportionate limit—to the demands
of such a colossal .taxation. Since the gold stan-
dard, which tidied in 1797, after exactly one
century's trial, was re-established in 1819, the
withdrawal of, upon an average, 30,000,0001. of
Bank of England paper from eirculaiion, has
aggravated the burden of taxes upon the payers,
who have now to provide the means of payment
under an enhanced valae of gold, to a degree
which nothing short of the process of stating
the calculation in detail, could satisfy those who
are not aware of the fact, to have really been

the case.
The objections to a gold standard exclusively
—such as is now legalised among us,—multiply
upon our conviction with the experience ()revery
day. We have shown in former articles liaw
fluctuating and uncertain is the natural produc-
tion even, of this metai, to which the Legisla-
ture has been pleased to give a fixed, permanent,
unalterable, statute value—as if' it were unity ;
and how unascertained and precarious are the
proportions of all known quantities of it raised
and in existence, in bullion or coin, or to be
raised—to all known quantities or tuture pro.
ducts of silver in like manner. Here, then, is as
organic deficiency in a standard which surely
ought to Possess some more appreciable elements
of intrinsic, certain value. These elerneots
might have been approximated to, at least, by
adopting a conjoint standard of silver as well as
gold. Yet, so far from this being the case,
the same legislation sanctions the coinage and
gives lawful currency and value thereto, of' the
one pound of silver bullion, purchasable in the
market at,fis. per oz., into 665. in place of 605.,
every 20s. of which 665. may lawfully pur-
chase one sovereign of gold of the standard
value and Mint weight. Thus the Legislature
facilitates and sanctions the disturbance of its
own standard of value by facilitatiag the ens
grossing, or buying up of the scarcer metal of the
national metallic currency with the more
abundant metal of the same currency. It gives,
in short, a premium of ten per cent. to whoever
may be rich enough to drive the Bank to an act of
bankruptcy by exhausting its stock of gold
bullion or coin. For, it' one pound of silver
bullion can be purchased for 60s. and coined
at the Mint into 665., minus the fractional
charge of a few pence for its conversion
into pieces, it follows that repeated operations to
any convenient amount would not only at last buy
up every sovereign and ingot of gold, but realise
an inordinate profit to the speculator upon his
bargain. Here, for the present, we must pause ;
but we cannot leave the subject without drawing
attention to the following extract front the
" Currency Fallacies refuted," as remarkable for
the earnestness and honesty of' its tone, although
perhaps we may regard its anticipations as some-
what brighter than any prospects which our own
hopes cal ry us to, looking at the stupendous
evils which the Act of ISI9 has bequeathed
to all the really great interests of the empire,—
whilst it has so usuriously benefited a few
classes of annuitants and capitalists
No credit is due to the sagacity of any one for the employment of
paper as an instrument of taxation ; tor we resisted its use as 1 ng as
we could : we tried to do without it sooner than we were ab e;
and should we at last acquiesce in its adoption, it is because we have
no other refuge from national bankruptcy and a revolution. The
r niggle to return to the old system has been fatal to the fortunes,
health, and lives of millions of our countrymen, but we remain un
con vim en of our error : yet the iielay has had some good effects ;
and ,f in the end we are forced to take that only course which Pro.
vidence has opened out for us, we shall be recompensed. A scene
of peace, order, and plenty will succeed to the terrible distractions
of the late, and the frightful forebodings of the present period. Other
countries, following our example, will attain a gi eater degree of free-
do.n and ease than the world has witnessed under any form of
vernment for near 3,000 yews. The slavery of the soul—thA worst
of slavery—will cease Every man will sit u .der his own vine and
fig tree, none making him :maid. Mammon's empire will be de.
stroyed ; for no one will cal, for riches, where all may easily have
enough. Art, science, and literature will present their treasures
freely to all people ; and those who have a taste for their enjoyment
will not want means or leisure to indulge it. Above all, charity and
true piety, having then ample scope and op,ortunity for action, will
be found, we may hope, in every breast, since all must be sensiile
what great movies they have had bestowed upon them by Divine
Providence, and how necessary it is that they should show their gra.
titude to the Giver of all good, by endeavouriiig to extend the be.
nefits and bl ss:ngs which they themselves enjoy to others iu distant
r
egions, who are less fortunately circumstanced in regaid to civiusa.
ion, religion, and liberty.

The Madrid papers of the sth are very burr,u
of intelligence. On the 4th, Count BRE.,SON had
an audienceof the QUEEN, and delivered an auto.
graph letter from LOUIS PHILIPPE, ill reply to
her communication which contained the declara-
tion of her majority. The Ministerial papers are
most violent against the liberal electors of
Madrid for proposing ARGUELLES and OLozAG♦
as candidates. " The choice made by the Pro-
gressist electors of M. ARGUELLES and M. OLo-
znaA," says the Castellano,"is a real insult. The
former has acted the tyrant over Queen
ISABELLA since the departure of her august
mother from Spain; the latter has just committed
towards .her MAJESTY an outrage which has
excited the indignation of the whole nation. Au
evening journal is right in saying that this nomi-
nation is a death blow to the Progressist party,
for the enemies of the throne who are to be found
amongst that party should nut be styled by any
other name than Republican ; Messrs. Alt-
GUELLES and OLOZAGA are incompatible with
ISABELLA II."

A great deal of business was done in the Three
per Cents., and at a considerable advance. The
transactions amounted to near 74,000,000 ma's,
and were' concluded at 24 9-16 for cash, and at
25 at 60 days. The Five per Cents sold for 19
at GO days.

On Wednesday evening, at nine o'clock, a
grand deputation of the French Chamber of
Peers were received by the KING at the Tuileries,
and presented the address in reply to the royal
speech. A great number of other Peers accom-
panied the deputation to the Palace. The
Duke DE NEMOURS, Prince DE JOIN VILLE, Duke •
DE MONTPENSIER, Queen CHRISTINA, and several
other high personages, stood around the Throne.
The Chancellor, Bar-in PASQUIER, read the ad-
dress, to which his MAJESTY made the following
reply :—" I am most happy to receive your con-
gratulations on the state of the country—on the
increasing prosperity which France at present
enjoys—on the security which is everywhere
diffused by the new guarantees given us of the
maintenance of peace abroad, and of general
tranquillity. At home, as you express it, the
empire of the laws is well established—factions
are put down--and the vain demonstrations
which they cart make will only serve to prove
their impotence. My family and myself are
altogether at the service of France, and she will
always find us ready to 'surmount our own
troubles and grief to listen only to tl.e voice of
our country, whenever we may be able to serve
her. lam touched with the sentiments which
the Chamber of Peers expresses in reference to
my son, the Prince DE J OINVILLE, and the
comforts• which GOD has accorded me by so
happy an addition ,to my family." Loud cries
of Vim le Roi ! greeted his MAJESTY at the con-
clusion of this reply.
We learn from the papers, that according to
letters from Vienna of the 3d, accounts had been
received from Goritz, announcing the serious
illness of the Duke of Artoou LEME. The French
Funds at the opening of the Bourse on Thursday,
declined a little, and finally closed—the Three
per Cents. at 89f. 55c., and the Fives at 124 f. 50c.

13OURSE-PARIS, THURSDAY, JAN. 11.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Pries. Price. Price.
French Five per Cents. 124 1b... 124 03... 124 10 .. 124 30
41,6 per Cents 112 ... 1!2 112 112
Threes B2 40... 82 50... 82 35., 82 40
Bank of France. 3250 —.3250 ...3250 ...3250
Latfitte Bank I,ooof 1110 —lllO ...1110 ...1110
Belgian Bank ..... 660 ... 680 .. 660 660
1841 lOB- ...1080 ...1080 ...1080
Belgian Fives
1840-- 108 i ... 10831 —. 108 k —. 1066
Portuguese Fives ...
Neapolitan
:-“man ...... ............ 105 ... 105% .. 105 ... 105%

RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles, R. 8... ...... 310 ... 310 .. 310 ... 310
L 8... .... 157 50... 160 ... 153 75... 158 75
Rouen
Rouen te Havre tie.: 50... 652 50... 650 ... 650
Orleans.
Strasburg to 8a1e...
Avignon to Marseilles 662 50... 665 ... 662 50... 665
RAILWAY SHARES, FOR THE ACCOUNT.
Versailles, L.
Rouen 825 ... 825 ... 825 ... 825
Roden to Havre 650 ... 652 50... 650 .. 650
Orleans
Strasburg to Bale 215 ... 220 ... 215 ... 220
Arigooll to nuboilies t 62 DO.. 665 ,i. 661 DO', 062

•
oc,f 0 Tti S
tii"A 4 bt ad; . 4.1

AND

Vtib Cptatton.

' 11'10 ...a:H.', apt:

.01s:114ZIGN.
Lady Cowley gays a grand ball and supper at the British
Erni:lass\ on Wednesday night. It was very numerously and
fashionably attended ; upwards of 1,200 persons were present.
Amongst the company we noticed Prince Tufiaki*, the
Duchesses Decazes and de Noailles, Gaud% Mole, Hamlin:Amu.
and d'Argoui, the corps diplomatique and their ladies' M.
Guixot, the Marquis of bluntly, tne Chevalier de Zeal3er-
niudez. and several British naval and military officers and
Members of Parliament. The ladies wore a profus,on of
diamonds. The supper-rooms were thrown open at about one,
and the refreshments consisted of every delicacy. Dandy;
was kept up till near six in the morning.
The committee on the Address in the Chamber of Deputies
met the same day at four o'clock, to hear read the draft of that
document, a•- prepared by Ai. Saint blare tairardin.
Lord Brougham had left Paris for London. •
A letter from Cayenne states that the colony has been at,
tatki d with infi.enza, which has committed great ravages
amongst aged persons and the black population. Amongst
those wt.o have perisbed is M. Gem ste, ex-page of Louis Xt.,
who, at a later perio,i, hail served under Lafayette, iu America.
His age was eighty-eight.
A letter from Saint Pierre, Martinique, dated Nov. 23,
states that the yellow lever was raging there, and had caused
a great number of deaths, principally among the crews of the
ves.als lying in the harbour.
The Minister of the Interior bas just ordered from M. David
two colosnd figures fsr the entrance to the tomb of Nipt,lenn.
A letter from Naples, Dec: 26, Eats—" The fleet which ha
aecompamed the Empress of Brazil to Rio Jai eiro' bias just
returned. The Count d'Aquila, who was on board, imnav
diately repaired to Caserta, where the King. his 'brother, Wd
At the moment. The &rip., ss was received with the otisiest
joy. but the officers had uo occasion to be pleased with fikeir
treatment at Ctrart, as, in place of the presents. which the?
expected, they only received decorations.

NIF aU i• ICE" •
Mrs. Georgiana Dorey, wife of a shopkeeper, is Oxford,
street, underwent a long examination before the Lord May ;r•
at the Mansion-house, on the charge of being an accomplice la
the lace forgeries of wills, and was remanded till Monday Week.
A great body of evidence is yet to be produced against the
accused parties.
At Ulerkeuwell Ann Perring, charged by George Perrings
her husband, a tailor, residing in Leigh-street, Rest
square, with having stabbed him with a table-knife, was brougbi
up for re-examination, when the husband now made his ar
pearaace, and said he was perfectly recovered. He did pd
wish to pre .s the charge against the 'prisoner. They were
both to blame. She was a good wife, with the exception offs
little " trailty" in her temper. She was discharged.
At Lambeth-street, Nehemiah Shakspeare, late an engineet
in the employment of Mr. Hubert John.ton, cigar-manufac•
turer, 35, Glouces er-street, Commercial-road EaSt„surrene
dyed to his bail, and appeared befcre Ifr. ninon for field el'
amination, on a charge of having wilfully and .maliciouslt
caused the explosion of a steam-boiler, by which the lives or
upwards of 70 individuals were placed in the greatest possible
jeopardy. Two engineers were examined, who stated that tb:i
explosion was caused by the high pressure of the steam, se.,
that no blame could be attached to the defendant, when be
immediately discharged.
Mr. David Murray, the master of the brig Coquette, 4ing
in he London Dock, appeared before Mr. Ballantine, at h.
Thames Police .court, to answer a charge preferred against
of having wilfully and wrongfully forced on shore and left be:
hind, on the we:tern coast of Africa, Thomas Duncan, a Britis!
subject, and was held to bail to take his trial at the Del.
sessions.

COURT —rAsl-110N11.337.E.
The Duke of Bordeaux visited the various departments ati
Chatham, on the 12th, and next day embarked for Ostend, °ll
his return to Germany.
The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland's guests st
wick Castle comprise Lora and Lady Glenlyon, Bishop of C'
lisle and Mrs. Percy, Viscount and Viscountess Holt:fleet
Mr. Dawnay, Mr. J. H. Hinde, M.P., Misses Percy, '1":1
Drummond, Mr. and Mrs. Hodgson, &c. The Duke su
Duchess leave Alnwick Castle early in next month.
Earl Fitzwilliam is surrounded by a family circle at Milt°,°
Park, near Peterborough. The Dowager Selina Viseounte'•
Milton and daughter arrived there on Tuesday last, from
warke Park, near Doncaster. Viscount and Viscounleo
Milton shortly leave for town, intendior from thence to go t°
Brighton for some weeks
It is rumoured that his Royal Highness Prince Albert ell
stand sponsor to the infant son of the Duke and Duchess °
Sutherland, who has nearly, recovered from his serious illneis'
and who, it is understood, will be christened Albert Lee.°
Gower.
The family circle assembled at Howick Htll includes vie'
count and 'Viscountess Howick, Earl of Durham, and Hot'
Colond Grey, Lady Caroline Barrington, Hon. Captain Gill'
Lady Elizabeth liulteel, Lady Georgians Grey, Ice. ,„0
Viscount and Viscountess V inlets have arrived at uP`"4
House, Warwickshire, !roan Drayton Manor, after a lengtherl'
visit to Lady Peel. ;
th'
The Duke of Wellington is not expected to return to Strs
field-aye until the close of the ensuing month, when his CWT°
gives his annual banquet to the juog, s on the Western Circo,'.
t
he lion. Mrs. Norton has returned to town, after a sh'r
visit with her children to Brighton.

IVIISCELLANEO
On Friday the Bev. J. S. M. Anderson, of Brighton. Al
sleeted Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, Lord Brougham was presa
on the occasion.
At a meeting of the reporters of the Dublin press, and tre
correspondents of the London journals, held in Dublin on ta.
10;h, a strong protest was adopted against summoning r"
porters for journals to give evidence in State trials. 01°
Ernst has se-igned his appointment as concert master to
King of Hanover. The reason of which is said to be,
having been ordered to attend his Majesty at a private inte':
view, he presented hims. If at the Palace at the stated 1001
when after waiting two hours beyond the hour fixed, ho 0OP"
rec,ived.
The Bengal Government has just reported to the
Government at home, in answer to their long-pending incl4'.ll
that no p.edge whatever was originally given for the eang-d,
money payment of 6,0001. to the Temple of Juggernaut, silo
consequently, that there is no pretext for its continuance. 11
own landed revenue will, of course, continue, but its n'a
votaries ard patrons must henceforth supply the means, in
not the British nation.
Thalberg intends visiting Rome and Florence, and then '‘i„
repair to Paris, in which city he remains till the end of.Moco;
and afterwards, according to his present determination, Pr
ceeds to the nd States.
CeritUo,ite after having fulfilled her present engager°
in Italy, proceeds to Brussels and London. •

MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS.--We are glad
find Trott) the returns fur the week ending Saturday. 7,0
6th January, that there is a great diminution 111
number of deaths as compared with the preceb%
thitugh two additional districts, Wandtiw?6,4
and Clapham, are included. On the prefl9",
week the number was 1,007. ; while, on the succeedl
it fell to 933, or 76 below the average. The number
deaths reported from the n,,w districts is 15. The tie 0
number of deaths from small-pox is 16, 12 of +lll'°o
had not been vaccinated. There is a great decrease
deaths from diseases of the lungs.

DREADFUL EXPLOSION IN A
COAL-PIT
I/
ELEVEN LIVES LOST.—We stop the press to 13_,jg
nounce a dreadful explosion of fire-damp, which Kir,
place in Duke Pit, Whitehaven, on Thursday afternocer,
between three and f.itir o'clock. The whole of the Ind
in the pit at the time, eleven in number, were kill,te)
There were also eleven horses killed.—Carlisle .1(0.'
Saturday.

(ANOTHER ACCOUNT.) veh'te'
Intelligence has been received in town from y'
haven announcing a terrible coal-pit explosion, aceA"-ii:
pulled by fearful loss of human life, which oceurre"
the vicinity of that town, between the hours of five fll'olc
six on Thursday evening last. The dreadful event teia
place at a colliery called Duke's Pit, at the time it vire
full operation, and arose, it was supposed, from the o,t
damp becoming ignited and exploding in the lowerfuero
gallery in the pit, where no feu er than sixteen ip
K ere at work, and eleven horses, all of whom Were ate
stuntly hurled into eternity. Most of the unfortueoo
sufferers, we regret to say, are married men, and their
left large families, totally unprovided for, to lament 011
dreadful fate. Up to ten o'clock on Friday morning
eight out of the sixteen bodies had been recovered..

LLOYD'S SHIPPING. ,red
LoNnow, JAN. 13.—Moderate breezes from N."
cloudy. It rained hard last night. ,
DEAL, JAN. 12, A.M., Wind, light and variable.--;;rci,
S. S.W., fresh.—Sld. Alvirna and Clara, Pernambuco., (or
Stad Gwolle, Amsterdam, for Surinam ; Antoinette, u‘Vieo
Texas. A brig, name unknown, got on the Goodwin 'deli
this morning, during a fog, but was assisted off, and proce
towards the North Foreland. for
Orr HASTINGS. JAN. 12.—Godfrey, Hamburg"'
Valparaiso. 4rri/'
PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 12--Wind E.S.E. to S S.W.":. tor
Arminitis, Otto. Port RU Prince, for Bremen, leaky
sides; Hendrik Hudson, London, for New York;
51.1%lickau, Hobart Town, sailed Sept. 15 ; -
14avannah, for liandurgh.
COWES, JAN. 12.—Arrd. Aurelian, Quebec. ,
Orr BRIGHTON, JAN. 12.—Eliza Ann, Batavia,
or
sterdam. eti.'
FALMOUTH. JAN. 12.—Wind W.S.W.—Arrd. Per
Headberry, Laguna. OP.
RATHMULLIN LOUGH SWILLY), JAN. 8.-""Arra.
Stevenson, —, with damage, having been in contact °tb
as
sth instant, off Tory bland, with a schooner, which
seen afterwards. Lod:
GALWAY,
GALWAY, JAN. 9.—The John Boge, bound to 40-$
which grounded in leaving the harbour, 4th inst,
tide, without damage, and proceeded. Cif
jer
STUDWALL ROADS.—Arrd. and proceeded Haideesroils.to
to St. Vincent's ; William Russell, Liverpool to the Srasie
"
RAMSGATE, JAN. 12.—The Pomona, from Arne° boa
New York, and the Dolores, from Havannah to 11$°1
'
have been surveyed, and must discharge. - e4erateFt/moon, JAN. 12—Wind S. to N. W., InriJle.l,'
I-
Arrd. Eliza, Woolley. Valparaiso (Oct. B.)'
; MarX,
Honduras ; Isaac, Allerton, Natchez ; Emblem DY" 8016,,
ard, Hill, Sobieski. Greay, Swatara, Davies, and Ess_l!torisne,
New Orleans. Sid. Ana, Joven Pernta, and Joven /Id AO
Havannah ; Harriet Rockwell, Mobile; Barbadian, ezi _
Jane, Jamaica. Char of
ot
CORK. JAN. 10.—S1d. Freeman, Jamaica; John,. 03103
ton. Off, Ceres, Smith, Honduras; Martha, Steef'oe
Fundy, with loss of sails, bulwarks, stanchions, I°P. gO.
overboard, having been struck by a sea in Ist. 41, (0,
SHIELDS, JAN d. Stark Clon. b
ALDIOROUGH, JAN.SI 10.—The, fish ey Nes°ing smack gensbe
Long, of sandwich, foundered yesterday b^tween Fitt
Knock and the Largstone, baying been in cordite, oh
Rebecca, of South Sheilds. 011,
VESELS SI'OKEN WlTH.—Nellor Cowes to Geo 09 7
tilt., off Tarifa; Henderson, Liverpool to Gibraltat:,s_oovi,
the Mary Ridley, arrived at Liverpool. Barque U ;f0
inst., lat. 46, lon. 12, by the Pheenix, arrived off Ff:2e,lst• g
Warren Hastings, Liverpool to New Orleans, NO. q, 10°.
do
lon. 87 ; Isabella, from London, 9th inst., lat. ''cretis'a
Racer, from London, 10th, lat. 49, lon. 7, by the LP von ton
rived at Falmouth. Lady Rowena, of Liverpt, fles„,
ed
London, 1 lth ult., let. 13 N., lon. 29 W. • Cha.e,h'ig
to Calcutta, 16th. A ship, No. 3,571.1, clistingin orob,
dant, standing W.. lat. 38, lon. 23; Earl Esses,,,ll. IP
from Liverpool to Buones Ayres, 4th inst,, lat. 46, iv
the Eliza Ann, off Brighton.

Mr. Palrenhaun, the new 800-
opf,c'oo
to the Unite d States, carries out with him, it isfe Ord
stated, full instructions to negotiate a settlemtnt of ti'
territory dispute.

..••••..•••••

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-- Eastern and Dover (50 paid) ..... .
Ditto scrip (25 paid)
York and Scarboro' Branch (2i paid) lB

.!

--t~,;i

MUNE ir AND COMMERCIAL NEWS
•
(From The Son of Saturday Evening.)
The sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were spoo bales,
the market being quieter, but steady. There was some int-
. prosement in Shares—Grand Junction were 233 ; ditto Halves,
116 ; Birmingham, Quarter, 2•414 ; Brighton, 43 ; Manches-
ter and Leeds, 100; South Eastern' 3/; ditto New, 36} ;
Paris and Orleans, 32} ; Paris and Lynns, 21. 17s. 6d.
The only arrivals to-clay are from Vn Diemen's Land, from
whence we have accounts to thae 12th of September
, last. We (tan hardly believe the representation made in some
of the advises that have reached us to-day, that a slight had
beet, offered to the newly arrived Governor, Sir Etrdley
Wilmot, by Sir John Franklin ; but so is it stated, and we
cannot refrain fr ,m rnentiening the assertion. A de-
parture from the ordinary rules of courtesy, how-
ever slight or unintended, once imagined, trilling cir-
cumstances are readily advanced to support an idea
that an affront was intended. It is in this light that we
Would throw overboard the statement that Lady Franklin had
gone on a pleasure water trip, in the only available vessel at
"'amend, when the New Governor was in the offing. The
:!nted bushranger, Cash, had been captured, and no ques-
Inn his fate would soon be sealed. This villain was the
wider of a Da, d in the busk that have committed the
lanst horrible atrocities, and the capture of the rest of
the gang was looked forward to as a certainty. They will
staeet with no sympathy at the hands of the colonists. The
present adsices do not notice any alteration for the better in
fade or commerce in the colony. There are no accounts
today from Sydney.
h The following letters (copied from the Chronicle), which
o i aid bet wren the firm of Salomin and Co ,ot Panama,
51. Alosquent, the Minister f:,r New Grenada in this
:--bbtrY, Show that the exAusive privileges for openitis a eorn-
%l 4,ineation between the two oceans across the Isthmus of Pa-
granted to the Company of which the above firm was the
e tef psrty comet ned, are still acknowledged by that Republic,
the !ntl that surve
undertakings have been made by them forNov.24, 1843 he execution of
" Paris, .
b:B.l*,—A letter from London informs me that many
Ls`aeles are thrown in the way of my agents there, in con-
.tilla"nee of false statements circulated in the City concerning
Pei"lege granted by the Republic of New Grenada to the
••
minus, in which my house at Panama is principally
'uteruses!.
.ro" As it is of great importance to an undertaking of such
betninide, and of such general interest, that the public should
tasquainted with the real state of the question concerning the
p " Privilege, I take the liberty of applying to you, as the re-
treseetative of the Republic inEngland, to enable me to con-
Artpliet_. in the most explicit terms the statements to which I
7,
t: You were to take the trouble of giving a positive answer
p-orthe following questions, it would, I think, fully serve my
e„,,..16 Has the Republic of New Grenada granted to any other
:"Plloy than the one in which I am interested, an exclusive
'renrge for opening a communication between the two oceans,
ta'°BBada, the Isthmus
of Panama, or any other part of New
N
, II g, •
m. 4 .* Has any party, excepting those named in the decree
so Piing the privilege, received any power from the Republic
to form a company for the same purpose?
a. Has the Congress of New Grenada passed any decree, or
. betioned, resolutions to deprive us of the privilege so granted ?
sari 4. Has it come to your knowledge that we have caused
~iela to be made across the Isthmus of Panama, with the
tvs of ascertaining the most eligible line to be adopted, either
'or cutting a ship canal, or making a read ?
548_ beg to apologise fr troubling you to give tne written
Ru.wess to the above questions; but as the subject is one of
.."1 general importance, it will, I trust. be considered by you
"rn a sufficient excuse.—l have the honour to be, &c.,
" AUG. SALOMON.
" T 0 Monsieur Mosquera, Chargé d'Affaires for the Republic
of New Grenada to England, now in Paris."
" Paris, Nov. 27, 1843.
ti,"Siress-In reply to your letter of the 24th inst., asking me to
I Leg
an answer to the several questions contained therein,
Ces to say, in reference to the first question, that since
date of the privilege granted to the Franco-Grenadian
lisrntnY, no other privilege has, to this day, been given
6,„,", • Government of New Grenada for the purpose of
I,,Vhbing a communication between the two oceans, across the
41'1' of Panama, or any other part of the territory of the
aPublic,
.01 ad above
:Your second question is virtually announced by what is
oeLAs to your third question, I can only say that I have re-
pi,7l neither official nor private information that the above
„in'ae has been declared torfeited.
said And as to the last question, it is acknowledged that the
,ion mPany have caused surveys to be made, for the exeeu-
„.:4 the work they have undertaken.
thts !.
lett authorise you to make whatever use you think proper of
er.—l have the honour to be, &c.
se
To M .6 M. MOSQUERA.
~',..sugustin Salomon, of Panama, in Paris."
the ruulte securities have remained this morning at about
'anle rates as they left off yesterday. The business done
aid • 111141, and the brokers for the Sinking Fund Commissioners
Lost make
ny
a additional pun bases. Consols for Morey
ll:„ebec,cw quoted at 86* 4, and the same for the Account.
k
273 Stock is up to 187, India Stock for the Account to
Aior but Exchequer Bills are heavy at 655. premium.
104%,5'a1l has taken place in Belgian Bonds this morning from
toese,7,l°3il• Dutch Bonds remain much about the same as
3u
oraYs Spanish Stock has improved, the Three per Cents.
em the Five per Cents. for Account to 22i.
ends were a shade lower than yesterday. In the other
to:P/4o Stocks there has not been any material alteration
ay-
pl:the Railway Share Market not much alteration has taken
°I,LIY, if we except Bristol and Exeter, which have
obi he other Shares are steady, fractional alterations
Y have occurred.
MA, ,
h Clit.tiTEß STOCK EXCUANCE, JAN. 12.—There
itiibin change to notice in our market to-day; business is
I)ttiblv'e'Y limi, ed. The following are our quotations
in atitl Drogheda, 54 ; Lancaster and Preston, 36* ;
r"nehester and Birmingham, 37i ; Manchester and
Liesdas Quartcrs, 8 to Si ; Bolton and Preston, 254• to 25k.

CLOSING PRICES.
1% 6t.ocx •
- BRI FISH EUNDs.
• . 187 .India Stock . pm
%••• Cent. Red.
3. i -eta. Cons. ... 961 'Ditto Old Annuities...
et ..sr Cent. Red... 1021 !Ditto New Annuities... .
e.... 31 per Cent.... 102 Ex. Sills, 1,000/. Ij4l. 65 pm
Nov" S ter Cent........., Ditto 5001...... 65 pm
Lo;ig Annuities to expire Ditto Small •67 pm
Jul' 1860 ••••••••• 121 ,Bank Stock for Acct.
'it t. 1859
,ao. l'l6o .•• ••••• !Consols for Act.
FOREIGN FUNDS.
."-"ar 5 per cent. ... , Portuguese, 5 per cent.
kiglo-n'ser cent lo'i Ditto, New Ditto -
er4llian 80nd5......... 75} Prussian, 5 per cent.,
%it
.4nut Ayresfi per cent. IRussian, 5 per cent....„
'an, 6 per cent. — Ditto, ri letallic ...... .
17"111i-tan, 6 per cent... 111 Spaniih, 5 per cent 22}
vitt° 1m24 . Ditto, 3 cent... 3l
'6444/Ms, 6 r cent. 11i Ditto Deferred.... . 12A
V 141314.3 per :ent — French, 5 per cent. —f. .
sired, 1525, 5 per cent — Exchange ...... .... —f —c.
Biettiekbs 6 per cent. . 32} French, 3 per cent..—f. —c.
palt:', ti per cent. 1837 . Dutch, 2i per cent. 54*
,vian, 1825,6 per ct. , Ditto. 5 per cent.... 1.001

SHARES.
Pristol and Exeter (70 paid)
%tern Counties ( 23 paid) lO
Ditto New 'Registered ( paid)
Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) 57
tireat Western (75 paid)
Ditto Half Shares (50 paid)
"radon and Brighton (50 pad) . 43i
Loudon and Birmingham (100 paid)..
Loudon and Greenwich Railway (12/ 15s 4dpd) 5i
Loudon and South Western (4116 s 10d pd) 74%
London and Croydon Railway (Trunk) ... 15%
Manchester and Birmingham ( 40 paid) 3g
iyarwich and Brandon (2 paid)
.....
Northa st 1 e and Darlington Junction(ls paid" 28
eru and Eastern (45 paid)
b, a -Dittot Scrip (15 paid)
~,,t. is and Orleans (20 paid)
i-aris and Rouen (22 paid) ... . ...
BoUtli

g TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Itopdlub"-Your animadversions of this evening's date on the
Nfer,,,et of the Common-Sergeant of the City of London, in
tti:'," to a recent case at the Central Criminal Court, appear
tie, ,0 be of so revere a nature that lam sure in common jus-
attaet will insert this explanation. If any blame is to be
le th„" to the nature of the question left to the jury to decide
apth`l.ctse. that blame is attributable to the subtle distinction
horselsed by the law. The law is that "if A. bonci fide hire a
plith,°l. partkular purpose, and after that purpose is aecom-
orißC:', the horse, it is no larceny ; for unless
.he had
Doti. at. felonious intention, the subsequent witholding dis:
164,"gt of the horse does not constitute a new felonious takinz.
2 pAs". v. hanks, R. and R. 441, overruling R. v. Tunnard,
'best be P.C. 687. In order to constitute a larceny the jury
e satisfied that the possession was obtained antmofitrands
ifroll Bias the point left is the jury to determine, in the, case to
tlytg'Y commented on in your recent article. Idu not say
41
on Was
put to the jury in that distinct and simple way that
14. ' such cases is de cable, but I think your censure of the
itpt,r,t'l'd Judge was rather too severe, anii as the author of your
tl:`e Was in all probability a person not very well versed in
this 14tleties of the law, perhaps you will give insertion to
-
v.I trpretation uy A BARRISTER.
Mitre-court-buildings, Temple, Jan. 12, 1844.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
1).. BETTING AT MANCHESTER—Fernair.
Rattan
-7 to 1 agst Ugly Buck (offers to take)-8 to 1
~,.,,nattan---18 to 1 agst Loadstone-20 to 1 eget Cockainaroo
Vto 1 agst Orlando. Not a bed laid.
tir tbeet (t)--30 to 1 t"Ilt Cur.-30 to
agst P agstkay Bne—(t)allinkeele (t)-30 to 1 agst
°.
COURSING.
thpI4IYETING, JA N. 9.—The Puppy Cup (8 Dogs
Witiolvided by Mr. Partridge's Bachelor and Mr. Whitfield'.
11eb"ike• The All-aged Stakes (12 Dogs) were won by
toble;artridge's Tyson, Mr. 13urford's Martha received the
Oc
gwe-ta BARONY (NORTHIJILRERLAND) MILTING.—The
elutake. for 16 Dogs were won by Mr. Bainbridge's Mar-
; Mr. Grace's Queen of Trumps ran np.
111,

t,",e Great League Fund already exceeds 60,0001.,
tne metropolis has yet to begin its subscription.
Aliti,-kPIRTuRE or THE DUKE OF BORDEAUX.—
%):4; the visit of the Duke to Woolwich, on the 11th, he was
leat,to continue his tour, when letters reached him•romdtr:
aneouncing the severe indisposition of the Due His Royal
4.o_°ulet44, 'ha is considered in extreme danger.
tti.;:""rricowdiately decided upon abandoning his tour in
4cls and embarked last evening, for Ostend, on his way. to
11e4;,..'z' A portion of the suite of the Prince will remain in
ieve'44l(lare during the ensuing week.
int7j,ll.B roa SIDNEY.--A contract has been entered
reaii"). 11' Majesty's Government for the conveyance of
tictiN Monthly, from the United Kingdom to Sydney.
IlewsPapers will be forwarded free of postage.
leitt —t PURITY OF THE LAW.—That th 3 adminis-
-44030.r3s of the law should be clean- handed is the universal
18i" of the whole civilised world ; but it has re-
_
cioryor an Irish votary of Themis to carry the,ri.ne-
hcell b' legal purity to its fullest extent, ;as b
Y ,the following notice, which we extract from
tir.Sgknleirs News- Letter of this morning:—" Notice.—
bow,. n,11,,y, Provisional Assignee of the Insolvent
imurCourt,bubi requests that all clerks and others having
seess to transact with him, will make use of the rug
apart raper fur the feet, previous to their entering his
clerks nt." Perhaps Mr. Molloy has found that the
Lito,,' and others having business to transact with
1)1.4; resemble the French lady, who, when some sur-
eotwi4,4s expressed by an acquaintance at• the impure
of 116 i—hands, patheticallY iesponded, " Ah,
404 eu, if you were onl to see my feet I"—,Dublin