The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-18 00:00:00

4RAVESEND STAR- PACKETS
FURTHER REDUCTION OF FARES.
SIXPENCE AND NINEPENCE,
Boat and Blackwell Railway included..
1/41„ From the Brunswick Wharf, Blackwell,
' muldays included) at Ten, Eleven Twelve, Three, Four,
Six, and Half-past Seven.
4: g ' From the Terrace Pier, Gravesend,
even, Ralf-past Nine, Half-past Twelve, Two,* Four, Six, Seven,
aid Eight.
rya •On Sundays at-Five instead-of Two.
Fore Cabin and Seconl-class Carriage Sixpence; Saloon and
Bitr•A,„ First-class Carriage, Ninepence.
Grayesend, July 10, 1844.
HABlTS.—Ladies are invited to in
fa, sPect those made by Messrs. NICOLL, Habit-makers to the
and most of the Ladies of the Court.
16_ Cards may be had at 114, Regent-street, Loudon.
torree,':. Nicoll offer moderate prices, as afurther inducement to a
"'Wag habit,

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-

ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIITISION OF PROFITS.
th and increasing prosperity .of the Society has
bled teady.success
Directors, at the last annual 'investigation, to declare a
hue Bonus, avera-6ing 6.0 per cent. on the amonnts invested as each
effected on the Profit scale.

\...._____ EXAMPLES.
;:(R 04 .
Premium. 'o‹ Banns Bow is 1 121 a g v ta- 50,
4 added. Cash. E- OI = • g
ii 1 • .F4' ;
• -
...-...... St ' 31 ''''
---- ----
1 £s. d.l —7
~£ s. d. A s. d. A s. d. A s. ds
i,IOOOI ,' 1837 170 937761 12 3 9 346 2 3
,
3 4 1838 144 2 2 64 5 6 916 4 296 13 4
-----._ 1839 116 16 6 51 111 711 9 247 4 5

Taber "sign of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
Of the present year.
1,14-44 Institution offers many important and substantial advan-
lbe :ith respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
Ihse :_tlred has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without (x-
-(set forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
'this i"*); also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
te Ilterests to meet other conoenieices or stecessity. Assuraaces
'lns of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CA3IROUX, See.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY. LIVES
ASSURED.
MEDICAL, INVALID, and GENERAL LIFE
OFFICE, 25, PALL.MALL, LONDON.
TRUSTEES.
Charles Hopkinson, Esq., Regent-street.
Sir Thomas Phillips, Temple.
Alfred Waddilove, D.C.L., Doctors' Commons.
Edward DIRECTORS.

n .
,-,
reaDoubleday, Esq., 249, C. Meluadeon Esq., 19, Wu-
-
earge,.urrey-street. ' -.ton-street, •}3erkeley-sqiiere.
%a 04,1 Hay, Esq., 127, Thomas Stevenson,Esq.,F.S.A.,
p n! street. 37, Upper Grosvenor-street.
c drkinson, Esq., F.R.S., 80, Robert Bentley Todd, M.D.,
tebrbridge. terrace, Hyde-park. F.R.S., 26,Parliament.street.
174'in Phillips, Esq., F.R.S., Alfred . Waddilove, D.C.L.,
Wiropole.street. Docters' Commons.
,1,,h,.. AUDITORS.
,' Pursord, Esq., 7, York- IJ. Stirling Taylor, Esq,
Io'errace, Regent's-park. I 14, Upper Gloucester-place,
5e1)11
P., Radford, Dorset-square.
:rrnkb. ridge terrace,Esq. I Hyde- Martial L. Welch, Esq.. Wynd-
-1 ham-place Bryanston-square.
SiI'ANDINo COUNSEL—John Shapter, Esq., Lincoln's Inn.
5, "KERs—Messrs. C.Hopkinson and Co., Regent-street.
i;.lerroas —Messrs. Richardson and Smith, 29, Golden.square.
IPARTAIIINT OF MEDICAL STATISTICs_-William Farr, Esq.,
General Register Office.
Illi ACTUARY—F. 0. P. Nelson, Esq.
hl ~., Office is provided with very aecurately constructed tables,
s"'"eh it can assure unsound lives on equitable terms.
ti5,,,'4,.. ilar tables enable the Society to grant increased annuities on

lives, the amount varying with the particular disease.
fibers of consumptive families assured at equitable rates.
11p,"57 lives are assured on lower terns than at most other

#4,4ll;e_e first Life Assurance Society eommenced business in 1705,
ne Principles of life contingencies, understood at that time to
04:7 limited extent only, have repeatedly undergone important
etles and improvements ; but till the establishment of this So..
P.kun 1841 no attempt had ever been made to assure the lives of
174 who suffer from disease.
The science of statistics has only within a recent period been
het fully applied to the duration and mortality of disease, and
ta,b-ly tables on the probability of these results could not have been
ant society
and it would evidently have been unsafe and hazardous
).b.2Y society to have undertaken the risk of assuring the lives of
tote 7 afflicted with any particular malady. The statistical its.
et .tlOl5, however, now collected, and in possession of this office,
secs
great 'an extent as fully to warrant the extension of life
secs to such cases, and, in fact, to place the application of life
41111,," on diseased lives on a more secure basis than even that
•••uthl.
tcti .1 Ives.
tateri, hoped that while kept clearly in view that this Society, in
It -4
with ether offices, will assure the lives of healthy persons,
'4S a 7„ Yet the only one established to assure the lives of persons
"511 i;"F under disease ; and to this latter feature particular atter],
In ty'ritted.
all °the:4M place, because it opens a larger field for business than
Sec. °faces can have unitedly; and in the
e'rS nand Place, because that branch of assurance must, from its
lire, be permanent less hazardous, and its principles rest on a more
Thes foundation.
qplae e
e are two highly important facts, and we shall enter into an
On Of each ; and first, as to the prevalence of disease.
tmQe
el'eriod of life most important to an assurance office is that be-
tStie,.'")---60 years of age, and in the fallowing
remarks we refer
9earslt a-l!,elY to this period of life.
be
found that the deaths in the metropolis for the two
tot,,u,reeding 1842 were, from all causes, 30,518 ; and from
the t:Pte4e alone, 10,688 ; showing that mere than one.t h. ir ,
rd of
leoce
Ofl deaths in thatperiod of life takes the . place from
.. pev
a p
'lngle disease ; an if the sae were instituted
the r "Peet to other diseases d ,
such as asmthma,inquiry, dropsy, diseases of
the
Whole papule. tion would, on medical examination, be refused
thlrn "
i,siinocnipaini to an assurance office. If the inquiry be carried to
towns in England, like facts are elicited—in her 8h g anii Liverpool and Manchester, the deaths from all causes,
1,18 a:nYrn, are about 5,023. while those from consumption are
larkle‘lYnriing considerably more than one-third of the whole. The
. thing will be found to hold good in the large towns in Scot-
-111 six of which the deaths in a given period, from all causes,
h.70,,,%11.t5,,....1 to 23,078,. those from con. sumption alone to 6,359, and
than 42
important diseases, 9,754 ; in the latter case forming more
)I'4 42 r cent of the deaths (torn all causes. On reference to
ttetuLes from' the city of Glasgow for 1836-1840 It will be
BOnd that the deaths in that period, from all causes, were 14,107,
10 P
eonsum lion 4,987, and a list of five diseases, 6,423, being
e than 45 per cent of the deaths from all causes.
--e diseases'
chronic r here alluded to are such as exist in general in a
en a stricr° frequently for many years prior to death, but which,
persons se medical examination, would effectually exclude the
it thus a affected from the benefits of life assurance ; and since
eiass,
th PPears that a majority of the population is included in this
cannot fei,value and importance of the new feature of this society
The a to be Justly appreciated.
rune b ;:aand Point to be explained is the fact that there is
Parable-a %risk in assuring diseased lives. This is a feature of
auervetatnt and vital importance to the interests of this society, and
to be carefully considered.
the real risk incurred in all assurince transactions consists in
4elsZnee to which an office is liable of experiencing a different
bkw_ ?f Mortality from that expected by the tabjes on which its
,rzit.ion. are founded. This difference is termed the fluctuation
► thtalitY, and will be found to be much less among diseased
The deaths
Over the general population, and among selected lives.
kmei from consumption in the metropolis per. annum are
4.o:re:ltye:ear the annual number which takes place in Glasgow,
raattead causes, to admit of a comparison, and by reducing the
la therit° figures it is found that while the fluctuation per annum
case is as high as 45 per cent., In the former it is only
%tub cent., or, in other words, the fluctuation of mortality in
"MPtion was only one-fifth of the other; and in Manchester,
ata'aeuT°6l. and Birmingharri, even with the disadvantage of
shev;r numbers, the fluctuation does not exceed 3 per cent.,
rsartat a remarkable uniformity in the law which determines the
in taulitY of this disease, and that it is more positive and absolute
Con "silts than that which regulates the general population.
tleretl 'lPtion has here been selected, not because it was consi-
IN. More favourable its results, but simply on account of the
tkh`r numbers affording a more satisfactory proof of the question
eek-h ~
at*neideration; but the same test has been applied to a great
tliseas-7 of other diseases, and like results obtained. Among nine
tilie,.7B in the metropolis, including asthma, dropsy, rheumatism,
4,21 e of the liver, of the heart, of the nervous system, &c., the
Ihrtillation was only 71 per cent., and in five diseases in a different
in
~et the fluctuation was about 7 per cent., while among eleven
dieather locality, and even with small numbers, the fluctuation
tnallot exceed 6.2 per cent. ; and taking the principal towns in
Sid f;adi including Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Leeds,
(lise &c., the fluctuation over eleven of the more important
ase.
dotTh_• was 6 4 per cent.
he remarkable uniformity in these results cannot fail to pro.
.
to 4. 4 conviction of the positive character of the law of mortality
tabeleseate ; indeed, there seems to be nothing within the whole
taltt Of the doctrine orpraliebllities so well defined as the mor-
-ol* diseased lives. The mortality of the general population
taletrequently been referred to by writers as an example of the cer-
ha ~.feenimon events, but the preceding remarks must show with
aelki"uch greater certainty the mortality of diseased lives can be
dad
on•
.
-•itet i. - Perhaps right to state, that, in applying the test of
eiaB nation to disease, it has not been confined to one place or
Ilives but has been extended to the principal towns in
land.4al and Scotland, as well as t•• many rural districts in Eng-
ssie •„ and included the experience e one or two large societies of
site.; lives. This has afforded an opportunity of judging of the
life, Of locality and its sanatory condition en the duration of
that ,a,ncl a remarkable fact has thus been developed, viz.,
(
try re value of life generally is much greater in the coun.
*llo.lstriets than in large cities; but that ~of these persons
Ito ex'Uffer from disease the value of life is nearly the same. As
dini4reple of this—the expectation at the age of 30 in the country
reo eet'l is 36.7 years ; in cities (viz., Glasgow) 27.6 years—diffe-
-4:: 33 Per cont. nearly; but take the case of persons of that
nitirlea whom the consumptive tendeney is developed, and who will
etiuet!tel7 die of consumption, and their expectatim of life in the
14 tit:es" ';'l. Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, willbe found to be 14.5,
din (Glasgow) 14•4. and in the metropolis, Manchester, Bir-
ihst;arai 13.9 • difference 'Ol7 per cent. (or 1.57 per cent.) It
Ins life
aPpem; that while the difference between country and
4istah-na in the former case is about 33 per cent., that in the latter
411,14 (consumption) the difference is almost nothing, and the
hertid,'marly uniform. The same thing holds good with som.e
L'aet, aifteases, which have been investigated in this manner. This
et`st e."augh not generally understood, is only what might have
4.rtiv,,,-Petted by a careful consideration of the conclusion formerly
eeti-un at—that the fluctuation of the law of mortality in. disease
lee had within a very narrow limit' and consequently little in-
"d
3' external circumstances. •
115,87 nee appears that the—ffirctuatlon In the mortality of diseased
Much less than among select lives and the population
Icy y' and therefore the risk of assuring diseased lived must also be

ttsai;°ly this conclusion to the affairs of an assurance office, it
takie %)* stated, that supposing the number of lives in a society,
illdie!.°ol3, select lives, was such that the table of mortality would
slway7 100 deaths per annum, it would be necessary to have
°n this
funds at immediate command to meet 145 deaths ;
Previa ether hand, an office assuring only diseased lives need not
risk et.l for more than 109 deaths per annum ; that is to say, the
1r 001 auuring diseased lives is to that of average lives as 9 to 45,
this Jo ?ne fifth. This fact is highly important to the interests of
at
the cletY,
Principles and establishes
it i beyo
founded.nd doubt t he safety and correctness
and
0„
re on s
`thfurther information, reference is made to the prospectuses
414,41 44' Published documents of
app theffices Society, which may be ob.
441' licat on at the Society's o.
F. G. P. 14/1351011. Actuary.

t,
',CST APERIENT AND A NTIRILIOUS MEDICINE
FOR OCCASIONAL USE.
1111AMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH
Without
relieves the stomach and bowels by gentle relaxa-
ch "s.,Tout g ping or prostration of strength. They remove head._
iCtije srne, .41Zzlhefli, pains in the chest, &c., are highly grateful
°Mach, promote digestion, create appetite, relieve langour
ltvets `Pression of spirits • while ter those of a full habit and free
atnw.ho are continually suffering from ,frowsiness, heavine, 5, and.
o ,1g in the head and ears, they offer advantages that will not fai
Mr the ,), T. Prout, 229, Strand, London, Price Is.
the
per box and
A., vendors of Medicines generally throhout the Kingdom.
list,s4 for FRAMPTON'S PI LL of HEALTH, and observe the
(107:,...and Address of ' ThomasProut,'229, Strand, London," 4P the
'''alleetatamp.