The Sun.
London, England, 1850-12-04 00:00:00

THE SUN,

dearest interests he bad been entrusted. Nor can we
discover anything irreconcileable in all this ; our
own sentiments diverging in somewhat similar -di-
rections. Hence it is that we examine not merely
with curiosity, but with a genuine and earnest delight,
those luminous pages in which the genius of M.
GuizoT has traced the features of those Saxon cha-
racters. It is by the body of the two volumes alluded
to, however, that our sympathies are alone warmed.
For in the original text of those volumes M. Gtnzo:
speaks to us in his character as an historian ; whereas
in his :prefatory remarks he talks only in the part of
his other and lesser self, that of a party politician
and a ruined statesman. To every syllable that falls
from the lips of GUIZOT the annalist we listen with
an attention and a confidence due to their profound
and weighty intonation. To whatever may be said
by GuizoT the mere politician we hearken with
doubt and hesitation. Our suspicions in the latter
event are more than justified by reference to the two-
fold manifesto issued from the hand of that veteran ad-
venturer within the last few weeks. That manifesto
breathes in every accent an air of sophism and dupli-
city. Its arguments are coloured to suit the purpose
of the occasion, and to aid the deductions of the dis-
putant. These go, as a matter of course, to the dis-
crediting of that magnanimous Republic which has
permitted him to penetrate again within its frontiers.
Rather, we should say, that the reasoning of the
manifesto goes to prove that the Republic is imprac-
ticable, that purely Democratic institutions are im-
possible, that the restoration of monarchical govern-
ment is a necessity—to France !
Referring to GEORGE Mors', the writer insists that
the confusion of events consequent upon the attempted
organization of a commonwealth, obliged him to
sacrifice the debris of republicanism to the insatiate
maw of the returning dynasty. Alluding to GEORGE
WASHINGTON, he maintains that republicanism was
merely practicable in America, and, even there, only
under the peculiar circumstances in which the
United States found themselves when they
were becoming populated. He reminds his
fellow-countrymen that the American revo-
lutionists were a young society, living in a
new country, separated from royalty by the width
of an ocean, and at the same time men of a peculiar
sedate and religious temperament. From all which
he would inferentially impress on the minds of his
readers the facts that France is hemmed in as regards
her territories, that she is surrounded on every hand
by princedoms and royalties,
_that she has to battle
against an army of innate vices, and that a consider-
able proportion of her inhabitants are anything hut
of religious temperaments. One sentence, a sentence
most subtle in its sophistry, we must transcribe : it is
' that in which he observes—" To-day France is un-
dergoing the unexpected experiment, with a constitu-
tion which would cause disorder in the best regulated
society, of that form of government which America
selected from her free choice, according to her natural
inclinations, adapted to the unexampled situation ac-
corded to her from on high." From which remark
M. GurzoT would insinuate that France was forced
into the acceptance of a republican form of constitution.
He speaks of America having "selected fromher free
choice" that species of authority, from which he would
obviously have us to believe that France did not se-
lect hers with the same freedom from restraint. We
should marvelously like to hear from M. GIIIZOT where
was this repressive power which was exercised by the
Provisional Government over the opinions of the
French people, compelling them to accept against
their own free will a purely democratic constitution.
Who was the tyrant ? Was it LAMARTINE ? for he
was the head, and so to speak, the very incarnation of
the Provisional Government. Vas it LAMIRTINE ?
But no—that were impossible ; for this is the very
man you Legitimatists and sneerers at the French Re-
public are continually deriding as a poet and a
dreamer. Yet it was this poet and this dreamer
would first uttered that word Republic, which was at
once re- echoed by millions of votes from the popula-
tion, coming through the urns of ballot according to
a system of universal suffrage. Pshaw ! is this
your intimidation, forsooth ? Why the accusation
dies away on its very utterance. America no more
chose her republican form of government with greater
freedom than France, or greater willingness on the
part of her inhabitants, than the advice of M. GUIZOT
is likely to be received by the intelligent masses of
his countrymen. That advice, administered under
the most sinister guise, is, that General CHANGARNIER
should allow himself to be accepted in France as the
double of the Duke of ALBEMARLE! The close of
one section of the two manifestoes alluded to, is as
follows :

" The Republic has bcen given a fair trial. Notwith-
standing its origin, men of every shade of opinion en-
trenched themselves behind it es behind a rampart for
their common defence, and for the defence of society in
general against its mortal enemies. The Republic exists
in the name and in the interests of that order which it
has destroyed. It had no right to expect such good luck.
Will it turn it to account? Will it know how, with
perseverance, to practise a firm policy of conservation
and reconstruction? France invokes it! It suffices not
for the foundation of a Government that it daily saves
society from destruction; it must deliver society from the
daily fear of perishing, and open to it the prospect cf a
long and peaceful existence."

Every line of which peroration implies that Repub-
licanism is altogether insufficient for France in the
nineteenth century, and that Monarchy is the only
means of her redemption. Otherwise M. GuizoT
holds over her in terrorem the certainties of her poli-
tical and social destruction. Fortunately, now-a-days
grown-up children are not so very easily frightened
by the bogies called forth by an old woman in state-
craft. The turnip and the sheet may be very well to
startle the youngsters of a village, but are wholly in-
sufficient as affording a means for alarming a great
and enlightened community. M. GIIIZOT has made
a mistake in his audience. Let him whistle jigs to
a milestone, or carry his gallantie• show of history
from the senate into the nursery ; but never let him
dream of converting Republicans into Monarchists
by any such miserably transparent arguments.

In another part of this day's impression will be
found a full report of the meeting of the Market
Bosworth Farmers' Association, which must prove
deeply interesting to every monetary reformer
throughout the length and breadth of the land. It
was indeed a pleasing spectacle to behold the sturdy,
independent, and honest yeomen of England assem-
bling together to discuss a question of the most vital
importance to the welfare and prosperity of their na-
tive land, considering the causes that have produced
the depression under which all were suffering, and
evincing a knowledge of their subject, a degree of
sound information, that might have reflected credit on
any body of men, even the most exalted in the British
dominions. There was a manliness of tone, a straight-
forward independence delightful to witness.
Although fully alive to the difficulties of
position, and perfectly conscious of the impossibility
of long maintaining the arduous struggle in which
they have been involved, there was no cringing or
whining, none of that tone so unbecoming in English-
men that has but too frequently been indulged ia•
They met to deliberate on the existing state of
affairs, to ascertain the true causes of their misfor-
tunes, and to decide on adequate remedies. As
practical men, they directed their attention to what
was really practicable, to what they could reasonably
hope to obtain by combined and vigorous exertion ;
they sought no exclusive privileges, they did not
endeavour to persuade the rest of the community to
pay tribute to the agriculturists •by the re• enactment
of protective imposts, or to cajole them into import
duties for the sake of revenue. The melancholy
experience of thirty years had but too
painfully convinced them that what was
so palpably unjust to the bread consumers was also
inefficient for the purpose for which it had been
framed ; and that prices could not be maintained at
the war level, in a restricted currency, although an
absolute monopoly were granted, so as to enable them
to meet the heavy fixed payments for rents, tithes, and
taxes, all of which were fixed according to the sca!e
of unrestricted and inconvertible paper currency. But
they desired to obtain justice fur all—for the manufe.c-
turer as well as for the. agriculturist; to afford true,
protection to every species of British industry. This,
is as it should be, this is the Mode 'in which English-
men should act, and which must secure the sympatbY
all claises, and eventually ensure the
and respect of
attainment of the great desideratum for which ,
they are jo energetically and So efficiently con-
tending. _
There was one disappointment that threatened to
cast a gloom over the assembly. The Rev. Jour; !

LO

N TYO ,

TWELLS, a familiar and valued friend to all our sub-
scribers, had been requested to attend, but the press-
ing nature of his engagements prevented the cham-
pion of currency reform fromlaccept the invitation,
and delighting and instructing the a embly, and the
community in general ; for his wor uttered at the
Dixie Arms would have been waf n the wings of
the press throughout the length breadth of the
land. We can, however, scarcely et the circum-
stance, for his necessary absence had the effect of
drawing forth many clear-headed and intelligent men,
of proving that he had worthy pupils, who had fully
availed themselves of the advantages derived from his
teaching, and who were perfectly competent to
discuss the subject in all its varied details,
and to force conviction on the minds of the auditors.
Messrs. HARBISON, CHAPMAN, and
,GIMSON parti-
cularly displayed
.a vigorous eloquence, and, what
was more important, a sterling common sense, which
might put many of the practised. debaters of the
House of Commons to the blush. .

The subject of discussion was "The Currency, as it
affects the Interests of the British Agriculturist."
Mr. HARRISON, who moved the first resolution,
carried back the audience to the Bank Restriction
Act of 1797, and showed the almost magical results
of an inconvertible paper currency—of the " worthless
rags" against which the bullionists now sneer, and on
which they endeavour to cast such unsparing ridi-
cule. "'We were, then," to use the words of the elo-
quent speaker, "beset with enemies on every side,
seeming to be at war with the world. In these wars
not only human life and happiness, but wealth and
treasure also, to an unlimited extent, were
expended and destroyed. To find money for
such expenditure,., the Minister of the day borrowed
largely upon the credit of the country (thus entailing
a heavy debt upon posterity) ; but to find the means
for people lending, and for paying the increased
taxation rendered necessary _by the payment of in-
terest upon the debt contracted, he was obliged also to
amplify the circulating medium of the kingdom."
This was the real state of affairs. The honour of the
country would have been sacrificed. We must have
yielded to our enemies and relinquished the contest
in which we had engaged if we had endeavoured " to
preserve the integrity of the standard." The Bank
of England would have stopped payment, and all
classes, from the highest to the lowest, would have
been involved in one common ruin. There was a
general bankruptcy impending, that could only be
averted by a bold and decisive measure ; the Minis-
ter was, however, adequate to the emergency. The
Act was passed which declared Bank of England notes
a legal tender in all transactions, and thus, as Mr.
HARRISON declared, enabled them "to perform the
office of representatives of labour, of industry, of ca-
pital, of wealth." The object was " to enable each class,
by the intervention of a cheap and expansive repre-
sentative of value, as a medium of exchange, to charge
upon the cost price of his individual labour or produc-
tion the quota or share, which might be charged
upon himself, to the increasing burdens of national
taxation." And this object was fully attained. The
extraordinary resources of the nation were fully de-
veloped ; every branch of industry flourished, for
labour found ample employment at fair and remune-
rative wages. No man able and willing to work re-
mained in compulsory idleness. None were driven
to the tender mercies of the union workhouse
to unprofitably consume their rations, and
thus become burdens on their fellow-subjects.
Every able•bodied man was the creator and
producer of national wealth, and possessed real
capital in his thews and sinews—capital that was not
permitted to remain idle and unproductive—to rust
neglected. Although so many were fighting the
battles of their country on the tented field, and shed-
ding their blood in foreiga climes, the soil was fully
cultivated and brought to the utmost degree of fer-
tility ; nay, lands previously lying waste and value-
less were brought into use. During the first twenty
years of the present century there were no less than
1,677 inclosure Bills passed, while in the succeeding
twenty-four years there were only 358, or little more
than one-fifth of the number. But what was the con-
dition of the farmers during that period ? Let those
who are sinking into the sere and yellow leaf
who have attained the threescore years and ten al -
lotted to man, answer. Are they not still spoken
of as " the good old times," the times when farmers
could meet rents, tithes, taxes, and every demand
without difficulty—aye, and put by something to meet
a rainy day ? And what enabled them to do so ? The
elasticity and cheapness of an inconvertible paper cur-
rency, expanding or contracting according to the
wants of the community.

But peace was proclaimed—the one drawback to
the national happiness was removed. Our fellow-
citizens were no longer called on - to sacrifice their
lives in defence of their native land. With restored
tranquillity, the war burdens should have been alle-
viated, the war debt materially reduced, if not alto-
gether paid off. But, alas! our legislators lacked
wisdom. In the dawn of their prosperity they
prepared to cast aside the useful friend that enabled
them to struggle against the mightiest power the
world e'er saw. Everything was sacrificed to mam-
mon, the happiness of the people was disregarded, that
the "integrity of the standard might be restored."
What necessity is there to recall the melancholy his-
tory of the intervening period ? Is it not stamped in
the memory of every man who has arrived at mature
age? We have had violent fluctuations in the value
of money, entailing misery and distress on our indus•
trious population. But what signifies that to our
rulers, so long as they can assure us that the " cur-
rency was never in a sounder condition," that the
" convertibility of the bank-note is perfectly secure."
Each year must render matters worse, for the popu-
lation is increasing, but the circulating medium is
kept stationary ; it cannot expand so as to meet the
wants of the commuity. We have, then, nothing for
it but to demand a national taxation-money, such as
that indicated by the association, which will speedily
restore prosperity, not to the farmers only, but to all
classes in the country. That is worth contending for,
and the farmers of Market Bosworth and its vicinity
will have the satisfaction of thinking that they are
nobly discharging their duty to their country, and
that if their brother-agriculturists exhibit similar
zeal and energy, the great desideratum will be cer-
tainly and speedily attained.

The Earl of Durham has, it is stated, given direc-
tions that all necessary relief shall be given to the families
who have lost members in the late explosion at Newbottle
Colliery, and that he will bear the charge himself, instead
of this being done by public subscription, as usual on such
occasions.

Loss Or THE GAZELLE.—DEAL, DEC. 2.—A1l
doubt as to the loss of the Gazelle and those on board of her
has been removed by the discovery of the wreck on the edge
of the Goodwin Sands. When the wreck was discovered the
figurehead was gone, tut the figure of a gazelle was ob-
served painted on the bows, and part of her stern frame, with
" Gazelle, of Liverpool," painted on it, was seen floating
near. No bodies have yet been met with. On Friday the
Gazelle's mail box was picked up and delivered to the post-
office authorities at Margate.

THE AUTHOR OE "MARGARET MAITLAND."-
The public will hear with pleasure that a new novel is on the
point of appearance from the pen of the author of ' Passages
in the Life of Mrs. Margaret Maitland, of Sunny Side'—a
work that has been justly pronounced by all distinguished
critics, including the late Lord Jeffrey, to be one of the best
stories of Scottish life that has appeared since the days of Sir
Walter Scott. The readers of this charmiag production will
anticipate the forthcoming work with no slight satisfaction
when they learn that, like its predecessor, it is also a true
Scotch novel, but of a more ambitious and elaborate kind as
regards its delineation of character. It is entitled " Merk-
land."

-
THE PRINTERS PENSION SOClETY.—Yesterday
evening a general meeting of the committee and members of
the above laudable institution, founded in 1827, for the pur-
pose of affording permanent relief to aged and infirm printers
and their widows, was held at the London Tavern, for gene-
ral business. The report stated that the prospects of the,
society's affairs was satisfactory. Since its institution 163
pensioners have, during their lifetime (independent of the
large number of recipients at present on the funds), parti-
cipated in the benefits. The last year's expenditure for pen-
sioners amounted to 55C. 16s.

THE NEW AMERICAN ARCEIBISHOP.—The newly-
appointed Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York is at
the present time in London. The Rev. Gentleman preached
on Sunday morning at the Roman Catholic chapel in Spa-
nish-place, which was crowded to suffocation on the occa-
sion. The Archbishop also attended the celebration of the
high mass, accompanied by two attendant clergy, and his
appearance excited considerable interest.

THE STRIKE AT THE BRYMIIO COLLIERIES.—The
strike and turn-out of the colliers at the Brymbo Coal W rk.s,
'near: Wrexham, has terminated, the MCA finding that the
cordpanrremained tirm and,u-ould not give in to,,their da
mends, having been obliged to, succumb, and return to theft,
labour§ at the old prices. The strOC wpa for an advance- of
wages to the extent of 6d. a day, and atone time it bid fair
to become general, no fewer' thinl,ooo'beti laVing struck
for, increased wages. Several collistrinir oectirred.haween the
turn-outs and the men who still worked at the old prices,,bUt,
[ Furth-er annoyances were prevented by the companyeuspend-, '
I Jug the works entirely.
I THE POPE'S Br-ILL.—lmagining that England had
! been converted to Roman Catholicism—Punch.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The /t...ssembly at its sitting of Monday unanimously
refused to grant the required permission for the pro-
secution of M. EMILE PEAN, for the publication of an
article in a provincial journal reflecting on the PRE-
SIDENT.

The greatest consternation has been produced
among the agens de change, by the order of the Pre-
fect of Police, forbidding the meeting in the Passage
de l'Opera after the Bourse is closed. We yesterday
published a copy of the notice affixed at the Bourse ;
the following is the ordonnance founded thereon

" Whereaiithe decree of the Government of 27 Prai-
rial An X, interdicts any assemblage otherwise than as
she Bourse, and at any other hours than those fixed by
the regulations of the police, in order to propose and
enter into negotiations;
" Whereas complaints have been made against the
Cercle de l'Opera;
" Whereas it is publicly notorious that negotiations
are entered into at the Cercle de l'Opera of the nature
interdicted by the preceding article;
" Whereas negotiations made out of the Bourse, and
at hours not fixed by the regulations, have for object to
effect a rise or fall in public securities, above or under
the rates which would be determined by regular ne-
gotiations ;
" We order as follows :

Art. 1. The meetings of the Cercle do l'Opi-ra,
he'd in the Passage of that name, are interdicted from
this dly.
" Art. 2. Any contravention of the provisions of the
present decree will be made known by proces verbaux,
which will be transmitted to the Procureur of the Re-
public.
" ' Art. 3. The Commissary of Police of the Section of
the Opera is charged with the execution of the present
decree, a copy of which is to be given to M. Millen, Di-
rector of the Cercle "

The immediate occasion of the promulgation of
this prohibition is said to have been the publication
in the Patrie of Sunday evening, of a forged tele-
graphic dispatch, stating that a heavy fall in the Funds
had taken place at Berlin on the 29th, and at Vienna
on the 28th ult. The Patrie of Monday evening offers
the following explanation of this circumstance :
" A person known to one of our editors, but whose
name we still wish to conceal, yesterday brought to us
the pretended quotations of the Funds from Berlin end
Vienna twenty-four hours later than those received by
post. The account which he gave of the source of his
informatioh having appeared to merit our confidence,
we published it. It being now proved that we were im-
posed upon, we have not hesitated to denounce the !act
to the Prefect of Police."

The FouLus, and ROTHSCHILDS, and other Levia-
thans of the Bourse. hare long been desirous of put-
ting a stop to the speculations of the " little men"
who frequent the Passage de l'Opera, in order to mo-
nopolise fur themselves the dealings in the money
market; they were, therefore, glad to seize th 3
opportunity of the publication of a forged dis-
patch by the Patrie to accomplish their Jong-
cherished object : indee6, considering the inti-
mate connexion of the Minister of Finance with
the Leviathans of the money market, and the fact
that the Patrie is the semi-official journal of the Mi-
nistry, some ill-natnredipersons may imagine that the
opportunity thus afforded was not altogether ac•
cidental.

The Bill granting the credit for the additional levy
of 40,000 men has been adopted by the Assemby by a
majority of 429 to 155. The PRESIDENT of the Re-
public has expressed great dissatisfaction at the luke-
warmness with which General DE LABITTE defended
him before the committee on this Bill, and it is pro-
bable that the General will, ere long, be removed to
make room for M. DE PEasIGNY•

The last number of the Proscrit publishes an
" Address to the Armies of the Holy Alliance,"
signed by LEDRU ROLLIN, DARASZ, MAZZINI, and
RUCH, in which they say to the soldiers—" If the
pitiless rigours of discipline prevent you from organ-
ising open revolt in your camps, desert one by one,
ten by ten, no matter how, but not without your
arms, for you will require them for the cause of inde-
pendence."
The Aloniteur contains a report of the productions
which are to be sent to the London Exhibition. The
number of exhibitors is 2,481, of whom no less than
1,730 are from the department of the Seine. The
Rhone presents 96, the North 56, the Lower Seine
53, the Marne 47, and the Lower Loire 33. The
other departments, with the exception of nine, which
do not furnish anything, give from 25 to 10 each.
With respect to the productions themselves they are
thus classified :

First Section, matters and productions in
their rough state ... ... ... ... 485
Machines, instruments, and tools • • 554
Manufactured and fabricated productions ... 1,088
Plaster, arts, and models ... 354
The first section embraces metals, minerals, stones,
plaster, bitumen, marbles, colours, chemical pro-
ducts, &c.; next, vegetable substances, such as corn,
sugars, chocolate, gums, with linen, thread, hemp,
&c. ; and thirdly, animal matter, such as wools, silks,
skins, parchment, manure, &c.
The second section embraces all kinds of ma-
chines and mechanical instruments; including
clocks, musical instruments, surgical instruments,
arms, &c.
The third section embraces all kinds of objects,
whether spun, woven, or beaten ; all manufactured
metal, including bronze ornaments, glasses, porce-
lains, I urniture, saddlery, down to soap, candles, and
thimbles.

Tne fourth section embraces sculpture, enamels,
painting, ornaments, with anatomical and other
models.

The price of Government Stock fluctuated con-
siderably at the Bourse yesterday, but, finally, the rise
of Monday was fully maintained. The Five per Cents.
opened at 94f. 10c., rose to 94f. 25c., fell subse-
quently to 93f. 80c., and closed at 94f. ; the Three
per Cents. closed at 58f. 10c. ; Orleans Railroad
Shares, 800 f. ; Rouen, 610 f. ; Havre, 241 f. 25c. ;
Great Northern, 461 f. 25c. ; Avignon, 188 f. 75c.;
Vierzon, 378 f. 750. ; Basle, 135 f; Bordeaux, 386 F.
25c. ; Paris and Strasburg, 340 f. ; Tours and Nantes,
241 f. 25c.
BUSINESS_ OOZ;iE IN_FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE

LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 3.
Anglo-Italian (late Italian and Austrian), 2w,— Central
of France (Orleans and Vierzon), 1.514 Dutch Rhenish, 8
—Great Indian Peninsula, IX—Luxembourg, —Namur
and Liege, 7'%—Northern of France 14%—Orleans and
Bourdeaux, 24—Paris and Strasbourg, 878—Rouen and
Havre, 93/4—Sambre and Meuse, 3.