The Sun.
London, England, 1868-11-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WTDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 18, IE6B.

blight hot be ousted from office, but he hoped it would be
held for the future that Ministers who stood up in the
face of the country and declared that he was guided by
such a motive would meet with immediate and universal
reprobation.

Lard STANLEY, at King's Lynn, " made some interest-
ing points." He said he had no claim to freedom from
mistakes in the course of his political career; and no man
actively engaged for twenty years in political life could
fail to admit to himself, unless he was absolutely a fool,
that he had said and done some things which with his
present experience he would not say or do. But he
could claim without inaccuracy, and he hoped without
presumption, that he had taken his fair and full
share of parliamentary work ; that he had never
supported by vote or voice an opinion which he did not
sincerely hold, and never used in debate an argument that
did not appear to be sound ; that he had never engaged
in personal wrangling or Controversy with any man, and
had equally endeavoured to promote measures of practical
and useful legislation, whatever party might be in power.
In a free country, and with parliamentary government,
parties must exist. Without them a legislative body,
however high the talent and character of its members,
was an unorganised and undisciplined mob. He
honoured and respected a man who refused to act with his
party when he conscientiously differed from them upon
particular questions. nit bad once or twice been his
fate, especially in the earlier part of his career, and a very
disagreeable position it was. But there was a discipline
in politics as well as in war. Men must act in masses if
they were to act with effect ; and isolation was insignifi-
cance. The Conservative party was that with which he
had always acted ; but there were Conservatives and Con-
servatives. He was not a Conservative in the sense of
holding either that former times were better than the
present, or that our laws and institutions could be exempt
from the universal rule of change which pervades the
world. But he was a Conservative in this sense—that he
thought at the present time and under present circum-
stances our dangeiwas rather on the side of going too fast
than of going too slow. One of the dangers he apprehended
in the new Parliament was this—he was not afraid of any-
thing particularly violent or extreme being done, but he
feared that that obscure but useful being, the silent
member, would become rarer than heretofore. He feared
that we might have more talking, with the inevitable con-
sequence that less business would be done ; and there was
risk that useful and practical measures, such as law
reform and education, which were not of a sensational
character, and did not excite men's passions, were likely to
be shoved unduly into the background. In answer to
a question as to what reforms he would propose in the
Irish Church, in pursuance of his statement in the
House of Commons that not one educated man in a
hundred was satisfied with the present position of that
Church, he said that he was not prepared at a moment's
notice with a cut-and-dried scheme. He admitted that
there were indefensible anomalies, as in the case of Pro-
testant endowments and clergy in places where there
were hardly any Protestants at all ; but he repeated, he
was not for the destruction of the Irish Church—be was
for its reform. In answer to another question, he said he
would of course support the Ballot, or anything else which
he thought was proved to be necessary ; but his argument
as to the Ballot was, that it was not and could not be
proved to be necessary.
Lord Joint MANNERS, in North Leicestershire, had
something to say concerning the alleged concurrent endow-
ment policy of the Government. " Mr. Gladstone has
thought it necessary to make the most uncandid and un-
fortunate statement, that in the course of the last session
her Majesty's Government proposed and developed a
measure for the concurrent endowment of all religious com-
munions, accompanied by a distinct proposal to endow the
Roman Catholic priesthood. It is my duty on behalf of
the Government to give that statement a decided and em-
phatic denial. It is not true that her Majesty's Govern-
ment ever proposed any concurrent endowment of all
religious communions—it is not true that the Government
ever proposed the endowment of the Roman Catholic
priesthood." Lord John then claimed that the foreign
policy of the Government was excellent, that the Conser-
vatives had always trusted the working man, and wished
for extended education—witness the Factory Acts. "It
afforded me the greatest pleasure, as the Minister placed
in charge of the two measures designed expressly for the
benefit of the working classes, to promote the measures
for extension of the Factory Acts and for the regulation
of workshops, measures which I believe are now
operating for the benefit of the people. We hear much
from our opponents as to the necessity of extended edu-
cation. We introduced a measure, comprehensive and
Conservative in its principles ; but our opponents resisted
that measure." As to the Irish Church, Lord John
exclaimed, "This is the first time I ever heard that confis-
cation meant justice. The National Assembly of France in
1789, `in the sacred name of justice,' confiscated ecclesiastical
property. Did that confiscation restore peace? No, for
in 1790 the peerage of France was abolished ; in 1791 the
law of private property was abolished, and in 1792 the
throne was destroyed. In 1793 all corporate property
devoted to the relief of the poor or for charitable purposes
went the same way."

The Church iNrews says :—" We are enabled to
announce that his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales
has joist given the munificent donation of twenty guineas
to the fund for the repair and restoration of All Saints',
Lambeth." Dr. F. G. Lee, the editor of the "D:rectorium
Anglicanum," is the vicar of this church.

VISIT OF THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS TO
THE JUDICIAL COMMITTEE.—Her Majesty the Queen of
the Netherlands paid a visit on Tuesday afternoon to the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and remained
to the adjournment of the court, listening to the opening
speech of Dr. Stephens in the Mackonochie case. Hex
Majesty, at the close of the proceedings, entered into con-
versation with their lordships.
CRUCIAL EXPERIMENTS.—There seems to be
sufficient evidence that each cell in the body has a quasi-
independent existence ; the spur of a cock, inserted into
the eye of an ox, lived for eight years, and acquired a
weight of nearly 14oz. The tail of a pig has been grafted
into the middle of its back, and that belonging to a rat
into the cartilage of its nose, and both have reacquired
sensibility. A strip of periosteum from the bone of a
young dog, placed under the skin of a rabbit, has been
known to develope true bone.—Edinburgh Review.

A NEW SENSATION. —They are going to bring
out a new drama in Paris at the Theatre du Chatelet— the
title of it, " Theodorus ;" and two new actors are to
appear in it—a couple of serpents. Horses have been
brought on the stage, and dogs and pigs and parrots and
cockatoos and hears, and even those familiar insects to
whose bite the Prime Minister once compared the national
debt. But this surely is the first appearance of snakes
upon any stage. No doubt, ere long, we shall have to
hail in London these interesting dautants.
THE LATE SIR GEORGE SINCLAIR, BART.—The
following is a copy of a letter received by Miss Sinclair,
Thurso Castle, from Thomas Carlyle, Chelsea, on his
receipt of the announcement of the death of her worthy
father:—" Your first black-edged announcement was
heavy news to me. I truly sympathise in the loss we have
all had—a sensible loss to me, a true one, whether felt or
not, to all the world, and to you certainly the greatest of
all. We must submit ;we have none of us here a con-
tinuing city. We shall go to him ; he will not return to
us. Might we all but gS, leaving a life as gentle and as
innocent behind us.—THos. CARLYLE."

CHILD SUICIDES. Amongst 25,760 suicides
observed in France from 1837 to 1844, 192 were com-
mitted by persons under 16 years of age, namely, 1 in 134
—l9 each year—were committed by children. A writer in
the Annals Medico Psycologiques stated some time ago that
he had himself collected 26 examples of suicide in children
from sto 14 years of age. One was 5 years old, two were
9, two were 10, five were 11, seven were 12, seven were 13,
and two were 14 years old ; 17 were boys, and 7 were girls ;
the sex of the others could not be ascertained. Amongst
22 of them 10 were drowned, 10 hung themselves, and 2
broke their necks. All the girls were drowned. Five of
the 26 failed in the attempt. Of these last one who had
thrown herself into the water at 9 years of age did the same
at 40.

DEATH OF LORD SOMERVILLE.—Lord Somerville
has met with his death while bunting. His lordship was
out with Mr. Tailby's hounds, which met at Withcote
Hall, the seat of Captain F. Palmer, between the villages
of Ridlington and Preston, about two miles north of Up-
piugham, Rutlandshire. We are informed that his horse
was ridden at a very stiff and high quick-fence; the
animal stumbled and fell upon its rider, crushing his head
and face. Lord Somerville breathed for a few minutes,
and then all was over. Assistance was sent fer from
Upping,ham, and arrangements were made to take the
body of the deceased to Kibworth, Harborough, his
lordship's hunting-box. The deceased was the 18th Baron
Somerville, in the peerage of Scotland. He was 28 years
of age.
ASIATIC RUSSIAN TARIFF.—At a recent inter-
view with the directors of the Moscow Custom House our
consul at that city asked for information relative to the
tariff for Asiatic trade, and was informed that in the east
of Siberia the customs frontier line runs north and south
just east of Jokutsk and Lake Baikal, and that duties are
levied only on tea and goods of European production.
East of that is free territory. That to the south of Siberia
and Turkestan the customs line ran until very recently
close to Orenburg and the Ural River, but this has been
abolished. No duties are now collected on goods coming
from Central Asia ; such goods are principally cotton,
silk, fruits, silk goods, and carpets of a kind which cannot
bp fiacje l'or'e

NEVADA AND ITS MINES.

(From the Anglo-American 2 lines.)

Nevada continues to maintain its character as
the " Silver" State. The Comstock ledge, hitherto
thought the richest in the world, has been eclipsed
in the White Pine District, by mines which fur-
nish ore yielding from $lO,OOO to $12,000 per ton,
averaging $5,000, even rudely worked as now. The
White Pine District is 90 miles due east of Austin,
and Treasure City, its rising town, is in round
numbers about 100 miles from the Central Pacific
Railroad, where it runs up the Humboldt Valley.
Not many months ago the wealth of this district
was unknown, when it was quite neglected. It is
situated on a lofty range, not far from its north-
ernmost end. Like all the chains of Nevada this
runs almost due north and south, and extends about
140 miles, its greatest height being about the middle.
Unlike many, however, it is covered with forests of
white pine and fir, the trees often growing to a
diameter of four feet. From the full descriptions
we have given of Eastern Nevada, those in the
habit of reading this paper must have an idea of
the appearance of the country. The aspect is
barren, the surface being likened, on a huge scale,
to the wrinkles caused by a tremendous lateral
pressure east and west of the earth's surface. The
higher mountains attain to 5,000 feet from the
valleys, which themselves are about 5,000 feet above
the sea. A traveller from Treasure City to Austin
would have to cross four ranges between steep
passes and five broad plains, the ranges furnishing
trickling streams in abundance, which are swallowed
up in the sandy valleys without leaving a trace of
water save in the centre of some, where it spouts
out from the ground in boiling and steaming cas-
cades. Often in the centre of these plains there
are large deposits of salt which seem to grow spon-
taneously from the soil, for, where it is gathered
for use in the mines, nature quickly supplies its place.
But if the traveller desires to reach the Pacific Rail-
road, which lies due North, he would pass up a suc-
cession of these valleys without crossing a hill.
Besides Treasure City the villages of Hamilton and
Shermantown have sprung up, but the first being
situated upon Treasure Hill, where the rich ore is,
equals both the others in population. The bill is
high, bald, and bleak, not supplying a drop of water
in the deepest shafts, and the town is midway
between Hamilton to the North and Sherman-
town to the South, whence water is brought.
In spite, however, of a drawback so great its
advantages of locality will insure its rapid rise.
A banking house has just been established and
smelting works almost completed by J. R. Murphy,
which only are required, as the crushing process has
no effect on such fine, soft material. Indeed the
metal can, it is said, be so easily separat,d that it
may be turned into bars on the spot without the
necessity of shipment to Swansea, and without the
great waste caused by the rude precesses in Nevada.
Two mines, the Keystone and the Eberhardt, have
been worked to a depth of about 70 feet, both upon
one vein. The amount of ore in sight is immense,
and an ilea may be formed of its value when a
writer to the Reese River Reveille says :—" One small
pile of dirty-looking matter is shown to the visitor.
It could easily be piled upon an ordinary-sized wag-
, gon, and yet one is told that its value in gold coin
is near $lOO,OOO. A close observation shows it to
be horn silver, mixed with a little silica, and were
one not inclined to believe before that it was of such
extreme richness, the observation removes all seep-
ticism, and such ore as this comes from the body
of a vein thoroughly explored to a depth of about
seventy feet, more than one hundred feet in width,
and with smooth and solid walls encasing it upon
either side." The Virginia Enterprise writes
:
"The Treasure mine is yielding about $20,000 a
month from rock with very poor facilities for crush-
ing ; whilst nearly all the companies are storing
their richest ore for shipment, or until such a time
as reducing conveniences shall have been obtained..
We are told by a gentleman, who has spent some
time in the district, that White Pine reminds
him very much of the early placer times in
California. A stranger, who announces his in-
tention of prospecting, can procure all the credit
he wants from the merchants, who accept the
ore in ptyment. There is no difficulty in open-
ing to pay ore, and the superficial wealth of
the section seems to be extensive and accessible.
Our informant says that the horn silver' is coin-
; posed so largely of the precious metal that it readily
receives the exact impress of a coin when stamped
upon its surface. There is considerable dispute in
regard to ownerships, but not so much so as we
have been led to surmise." Nevada is among the
most interesting geological districts of the world, with
its teeming wealth in silver ore, its strange forma-
tion of bill and valley, its streams flowing from
gorges absorbed as they emerge ; its curious vege-
tation, great wastes of salt, and fertile tracks which
readily respond to irrigation and culture. But per-
I haps the strangest feature is its numerous hot springs.
A chemical analysis of the waters of the Steamboat
Springs of Washoe Valley show them to contain
in various proportions the chlorides of sodium and
magnesium, with soda in different forms, lime,
silica, and a small percentage of organic matter.
Similar tests made of the water from other springs
disclose nearly the some constituent salts, with the
addition in some cases of sulphur and iron.
Some of the cold springs, especially those found
in the valleys, are quite as remarkable
for r their
dimensions as the thermals.
larger
depth
and
At a recent discussion on the origin of mineral veins,
Professor W. I'. Blake, of California, said " that
gold was even now rising to the surface in springs
I and depositing in inappreciable quantities near or
at the surface either by diminution of pressure or
of temperature, or by chemical decomposition caused
by contact with infiltrations from the surface or
from the sides of the fissures. A fine example of
the formation or origin of quartz veins is found in
the well-known Steamboat Springs of Nevada,
where hot water rises along a fissure for half a
mile, and is depositing quartz, and possibly gold
and silver. Professor Blake believed that future
chemical investigation of thermal waters in such
localities would show the presence of gold and
silver, although perhaps in very small quantities.
At the celebrated Ophir mine of Nevada, from
which such a flood of silver had been sent forth,
there was originally a spring of water at the surface,
and a flow of water had been found at a great
depth, and that there the water is hot, and holds
various salts in solution. He believed that the
ascent towards the surface of thermal waters, as in
springs, in irregular columns in greater quantity in
some parts of a fissure than in other parts, would
account satisfactorily for the origin of what are
known among the miners as ' chimneys' or ore-
shoots,' the metals in such places being deposited
where the flow was the greatest. The chemical nature
of the walls or fissures along which mineralized waters
were flowing would necessarily greatly influence or
determine the character and quantity of the metals
deposited." Closely connected with the opening of
Nevada to the world is that portion of the railway
which is to connect New York and San Francisco,
called the Central Pacific. By last accounts the
work had reached Iron Point, 350 miles east of
Sacramento, and 277 miles west of Red Dome.
The road was progressing at the rate of 21 miles a
day, and the builders:hoped to reach Gravelly Ford,
on the Humboldt, 213 miles from Red Dome, per-
haps the point nearest to White Pine district, by
the middle of November, before interrupted by
snow. But if the winter is ordinarily dry, and the
work not retarded till well on in February, it will
reach to a pass 100 miles from Red Dome before
suspende I by the storms of March. On the other
side, the Union Pacific is in running order to the
crossing of Green River, close by the eastern boun-
dary cf Utah, to which another twenty-mile sec-
tion will bring it, and a second to the junction of
Ham's Fork with Black Fork, when it will have
attained to a point but 883} miles east of Sacra-
mento. Red Dome is at the northern end of Great
Salt Lake, where the railroad touches, and Ham's
Fork Junction is 2561 miles east from Red Dome.
The struggle between both branches is to-
wards Red Dome, where they are calculated
to join ; for, as our readers are aware, the railroad
that first reaches that place is entitled to push on,
deriving the high Government subsidy, and the vast
land grant for each mile captured from the country of

the other. The Central is completed to within 277
miles west of Red Dome, and the Union to within
296 k east of Red Dome ; and if the latter has the
advantage in the number of workmen, the former
has the easiest line to build, as the land is an ele-
vated plateau quite level between the ridges we
have described, which themselves are easily pierced
by following the course of streams. Down the
eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and far towards
Humboldt Lake the road follows the bed of the
Truckee, a bright, clear stream, on leaving which it
gets first among treeless hills, red or black volcanic
rock, and then to barren, forbidding deserts, where
the alkaline dust penetrates everything. Along
this region the traveller is astonished to see nume-
rous large camps and villages, the dwellings com-
posed of newly-cut pine or canvass ; and it is then
only he begins to realize the fact that the arid tracks
around, in reality, teem with wealth. We are
rapidly approaching the time we have so long pre-
dicted, when the exports of the precious metals
from the Pacific States will first surprise and then
alarm the world, for the ideas discussed and theories
propounded on the discoveries of the gold-fields of
California and Australia have not as yet had the
time and opportunity to prove whether they were
false or true ; and, if true, what next?