The Sun.
London, England, 1850-06-12 00:00:00

manufactured goods, noticed in our last, has somewhat
subsided ; but there is a little more inquiry for thrown
silks. The rAw silk market for good and medium
qualities of all descriptions, is reported very firm, some
consid. ruble purchases having been made for shipment
to the Continent. Important public sales are announced
to take place in London on the 26th instant. The mills
continue w,rking full time, with the exception of one or
two, which have stopped entirely for the present, owing.
as we understand, to the relative prices of raw and
thrown silks not having a sufficient margin to meet
wages and expenses.
BUDDESFIELD, TUESDAY.-- The market here con-
tinues flat. There has been nothing doing either in
plain or fancy goods. Most of the manufacturers are
working for stock, whilst some are working up back
orders. It is generally expected we shall begin to be
brisk again for the winter season very shortly.
SATURDAY.—There was rather more done
to-day, in the Piece Hall, in some descriptions of fancy
goods; but the advanced price of cotton hai checked
the demand for those sorts of mixed goods in which
that material is used. For lastings, of fine quality,
there is very little inquiry; but, for low qualities, the
demand continues. So few, however, are now made
that they are difficult to obtain. The spinners are very
busy ; at,d the quotations for yarn have undergone a
slight improvement. The quantity of wool that is
changing hands just now is nut large, as purchasers are
waiting tor the new clip ; but it is expected to c,,me
into the market with the late rates fully maintained.
LEEDS, TUESDAY.—The market has not been so well
attended to-day, but on Saturday a large business was
done in the halls, and very extensive deliveries have been
made direct to the merchants. The shipping houses con-
tinue very busy, and there is more doing fur the home
trade.

that it is a violation of God'a law to carry the mail,
open post-offices, or receive letters, on Sunday, the evil
of which they complain will cease of itself, without any
exertion of the strong arm of the civil power.
THE COUNTRY MARKETS.

The following is the official state
corn, &c., received in the port of
Essex, from the 3d June, 1850,
both inclusive :

t of the quantit
idon from the poi
the Bth June,

ies of
its in
1650,

. 4
r
4' ;=;
Colchester 3OO 30 130
Harwich
Leigh 4441 36 11
Malclon

IPSWICH, JUNE 11.
Of wheat there was rather a more liberal supply again at
market this day. Red qualities sold freely at a slight im-
provement upon prices of last week, the growers being un-
willing to give way. All spring corn nominal as of late.

TER QUARTER. PER QUARTER.
Wheat, red
Ditto, white. 44s to 46s Oats oos to OOs
Barley, malting ... 24s to 0011 Rye
Ditto, grinding ... 00s to 009 Malt
Beans

AVERAGES FOR THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 8, 1850.
Wheat
Barley
Oats „ —s. Od.
Beans - Bs. Od.
Peas
HULL, JUNE 11.
Messrs. Taylor and Bright's Circular states :—The
weather during the past week has been beautiful, hot, and
forcing, with occasional refreshing showers and strong night
dews : more rain would be acceptable for Spring corn, but
from all quarters of the country we receive most satisfactory
reports of the growing crops, which, with a continuance of fa-
vourable weather, give promise of an abundant harvest, though
not an early one. Under such circumstances, advance in price
is not to be looked for, and that markets should remain so firm,
is a proof of stamina in the trade, not to be overlooked. But
for the influx and determined selling of French flour to the
London baker, which keeps down Mark-lane, we little doubt
that the smallness of the general import, and large consumption
in the manufacturing districts, would, in spite of the weather,
give us a higher range of price. At this day's market our own
farmers brought forward a scanty supply, and our millers had
to pay the full prices of last week, and in some cases is more
money. A better show of foreign wheat, and having more in-
inquiries by distant buyers, the market must be written fully
as dear for all fresh qualities, which, it mils, be observed, form
a very small portion of the supply. Inferior samples are a
goad deal neglected, and difficult to turn into money. The sale
of malting barley may sow be considered over for the season,
but for gr:nding qualities we experience • a good demand, and
our quotations are fully obtainable. Oats more inquired for.
Beans.meet slow sale at our quotations, and peas are more diffi-
cult to dispose of; some parcels are in course of landing, in
consequence of the extreme dry weather. Very little doing in
linseed, and no alteration in price to be quoted ; for linseed
cakes we experience a continued good demand, and stocks of
both English and foreign are now in small compass. No rape-
seed on the market, and which is almost clear of rape cakes. Of
bones there is a good arrival in addition to what we report
above, and the market decidedly lower.
The following are the present prices of grain
8. IL 5. 13•
Wheat, English, red 39 to 41 Peas, white and yel. 24 26
Do. white 4O —44 Do. grey ,, 22 —24
Dantzic and Ko- Linseed, Black Sea. 42 44
nigsberg 44 46 Do. Petersburgh ... 38 42
Pomeranian and Do. Riga& Archngl. 38 —4O
Hamburgh . 37 40 Do. Konigsberg .... 34 38
Danish, Holstein, & Per ton.
Friesland 32 36 Lins. cakes, Hull 6110 s Od to 0/
Russian and Odessa 30 36 Do. fine foreign ... ..... 61 53
Oats, English
Do. Danish... l2 16 Rapeseed
Do. Friesland l4 —181 Rape cakes...oos Od to 80s Oi
Do. Russ. & Odessa 12 161'Tares' English .2Bs 00.
Barley, malting 2O 23 Do. foreign 20s 26$
Do. grinding........ 17 19;Guano • 6/ to 10/ lOs
Beans 2l —24 Bones, do 95s 01 to 00s Od
Do. foreign ...... 21 —231 Rye meal ,, 51103
LIVERPOOL, JUNE 11.—At this day's market there was a
fair attendance of town and country buyers, who, however;
acted with great caution, and the trassactions in wheat and
flour were quite of a retail character, at barely the rates of this
day week. Oats and oatmeal were in slow request at our late
quotations. 'Barley, beans, and peas, were hardly inquired for,
and nominally without change. Indian cora met with a very
limited sale, and above 30s 6d per quarter could not be made
for fine old yellow American.
CORK, JUNE 10.—Flour—First 12s 6d to 13s ; extra 14s ;
seconds, 11,6 d to 12e 6d ; households 9s to Ils ; thirds, 7s to 9t
per cwt. Oatmeal Ms to 10s 6d; Indian meal 7s Ed to 8s Od; wheat.
meal, 10s to lOs 6d per cwt. Indian corn 140 s to 152 s 6d per ton
Bran 3115 s to 4/10s per ton. Hay—Farmers 25s to 38s; averagt
36s ; dealers slos to 44s Od; average 42s per ton. Sti aw— Farmers
18s Od to 32s Od ; average 26s ; dealers 00e Od to 00s odi
average 00s Od per ton. Bread—Wheaten loaf 6d to bid ;
household loaf 5d to sid per 41b. Fresh butter, 8d tb
9d per lb. Eggs-4s 5d to 4s 6d per hundred. Coals—,
Newport 14s; Lydney 15s ; Landore 14s ; Best Neath
Culm 13s per ton. Tallow 40s Od to 00s per cssi.
Whisky, 25 o. p., 5s 6d per imperial gallon. Meal
—Beef 4d to 4id ; mutton 5d to bid; veal 4d tp
sd; pork 31c1 to Od; bacon 6d to 7d; sausages 5d pel.
lb. flops 131 Os per cwt. Bangor slates 31 2s 6d to 315 s pet
ton. Bark—Barbary 71 5s to 815 s; Valonia 14/ to 01; French
7155; Spanish 9l per ton. Fleece Wool lOs to 12e per stone,
Hemp 321 toot)/ per ton. Fish— Scotch herrings 13s to 14s ; re
ditto 15s to 20s per bairel ; Newfoundland 9' Os to 101 pe
ton. Timber—Memel, 85s per ton; deals, first quality, 18s
second quality, 16s per 100. Hides—Market 14s to 20s,
salted 15s to 21s per owt ; calf skins 24d to 20 per lt4
Potatoes, white 9d to 12d; Minions 144 to 16d; Guano-.
Peruvian, 111 10s; Ichaboe, 9/ per ton; Tar—Archang4
19s per barrel.

THE HEALTH OF LONDON.
(From the Return of the Registrar-General.)
In the week ending last Saturday the deaths re-
gistered in the metropolitan districts were 844; in
the previous week they were only 736. In the three
corresponding weeks of 1847-9 the deaths ranged
from ; and taking the corresponding
weeks
years, the average is 861, or,
raised in the
therefore,rati ratio 7806 f tt o
en 97 1
of population, 939. The pre-
sent shows a decrease on the
average, equal to 95. With the increasing
aised
return,in
warmth of the weather the mortality from diseases
of the respiratory organs steadily declines. Ex-
cluding consumption, the deaths in this class in the
last four week* have been successively 145, 138, 105,
and 94 ; and during this period the mean temperature
has risen gradually from 47 deg. to 59 deg. In the
same weeks the deaths from consumption have been
124, 125, 103, and 141, showing a sudden increase
in the last, and an approach to the corrected
average, which is 157. In the zymotic or epidemic
class of diseases 172 fatal cases are enumerated, hav-
ing been in the previous week only 130, and the ave-
rage being 201: Shiallpox carried off nine persons,
scarlatina 19, and hooping-cough 25, the three epi-
demics still sbowing a decrease on the average.
Measler, however, which destroyed 26 children—an
amount differing little from the average—has sud-
denly increased on the previous week, when there were
only 12 deaths. Typhus also exhibits an increase, for
while there were only 26 deaths in the former week,
there were 39 in the last, which, however, is not more
than usual at this period. Diarrhosa and dysentery
appear to become rather more prevalent ; in the last
three weeks they have numbered 13, 19, and 22. On
the 3d of June, the wife of an engineer, aged 61
years, died at 21, Chatham-place, Lock's-fields, St.
Mary, Newington, of "vomiting and purging (12
days), exhaustion." On the sth of June, at Si, Turn-
mill-street, Clerkenwell, the daughter of a labourer:,
aged 13 months, died of " cholera biliosa (12 hours) ;
and on the 31st of May, at 38, Aske-street, Hoxton-
Old-Town, the daughter of an engraver, aged 1 year,
died of ° English cholera (2 days)." A man, of 36
years, who is described as having been habituallyin-
temperate, died of "delirium tremens, apoplexy ;"
another fatal case of intemperance is also recorded.
Three children were suffocated in bed. It appears
from the classification of deaths in public institutions
that 98 occurred in workhouses, 59 in hospitals (of
which eight were in military and naval establish-
ments), and seven in lunatic asylums.

VIEWS OF THE AMERICAN CON-
GRESS ON SUNDAY MAILS.
We find a report on this subject in the journals of
Congress, and we annex extracts from it for the in-
formation of the 90 Members who supported Lord
Ashley in his motion. We simply ask them to read
the report, and decide by their own judgment, and
not by the pressure of any petitions.
Mr. Johnson,'of Kentucky, from the committee on
the post-office and post-roads, to whom had been re-
ferred memorials from inhabitants of various parts of
the United States, praying for a repeal of so much of
the post-office law as authorises the mail to be tran-
sported and opened on Sunday, and to whom had also
been referred memorials from other inhabitants of
various parts of the United States, remonstrating
against such repeal, made the following report :
" Do not all men in this country enjoy every reli-
gious right which martyrs and saints ever asked?
Whence then the voice of complaint? Who is it that, in
the full enjoyment of every principle which human laws
can secure, wishes to arrest a portion of these prin-
ciples from his neighbour? they complain that
men, less conscientious in relation to the Sabbath,
obtain advantages over them by receiving their
letters and attending :to their contents ? If so their
motive is worldly and selfish. But if their motive be to
induce
opinions
and Congress t
observances,
() sanction
then by law he
their
eirotrts their
ought
to religiousbe
resisted, as in their tendency fatal both to religious
and political freedom. Why have the petitioners
confined their prayer to the mails ? Why have
they not requested that the Government be re-
quired to suspend all its executive functions on that day?
VN by do they not require us to enact that our ships shall
not sail; that our armies shall not march; that officers
of justice shall not seize the suspected, or guard the
convicted? They seem to forget that Government is
as necessary on Sundays as on any other day of
the week. The spirit of evil does not rest on that
day. It is the Government, ever active in its func-
tions, which enables us all—even the petitioners—to
worship in our churches in peace. Our Government fur-
nishes very few blessings like our mails. They bear
from the centre of our republic to its distant extremes
the acts of our legislative bodies, the decisions of the
judiciary, and the orders of the executive. Their
speed is often eseential to the defences of the coun-
try, the suppression of clime, and the dearests interests
of the people. Were they suppressed one day of the
week, their absence must be often supplied by public
expresses; and, besides, while the mail bags might
rest, the mail coaches and rail trains would pursue their
journey with the passengers. The mail bears from one
extreme of the country to the other letters of relatives
and friends, preserving a communion of heart be-
tween those fur separated, and increasing the
most pure and refined pleasures of our exist-
ence ; also the letters of commercial men convey
the state of the markets, prevent ruinous specula-
tions, and promote general as well as individual interest;
they bear innumerable religious letters, newspapers,
magazines, and tracts, which reach almost every
house throughout this kingdom. Is the conveyance
of these a viola Lion of the Sabbath ? The advance
of the human race in intelligence, in virtue, and reli-
gion itself, depends in part upon the speed with
which a knowledge of the past is disseminated.
Without an interchange between on• country and
another, and between different sections of the same
country, every improvement in moral or political
science, and the arts of life,
would be confined
to the neighbourhood where it originated. The
more rapid and the more frequent this inter-
change, the more rapid will be the march of intel-
lect,
and the progress of improvement. The mail is the
chief means by which intellectual light irradiates to the
extremes of the country. Stop it one day in seven, and
you retard one-seventk the advancement of our country.
So tar from stopping the mail on Sunday, the committee
would recommend the use of all reasonable means to
give it a greater expedition and a greater extension.
What would be the elevation of our country, if every new.
conception could be made to strike every mind in the
Union at the same time? 'lt is not the distance of a
province or state from the seat of Government which en-
dangers its separation, but it is the difficulty and unfre-
quenc' of intercourse between them-
" To stop the mails one day in seven would be to
thrust the whole of the distant parts of this kingdom
one day's journey from the seat of Government. But
were it expedient to put 'an end to the transmission of
letters and newspapers on Sunday, because it violates the
law of God, have not the petitioners begun wrong in their
efforts? If the arm of Government be necessary to
compel men to respect and obey the laws of God, do not
`heads ads of fauiiliee 'possess infinitely more power in
this respect? Let the petitioners turn to them, and see
if they can oblige their children and servants to respect
the observance of the Sabbath within the respective
houses; for, if it be sinful for the mail to carry letters
on Sunday, it must be equally sinful for individuals to
write, carry, receive, or read them. It would seem to
require that these acts should be made penal to complete
the system. Travelling on business or recreation, ex-
cept to and from church, all printing, carrying, receiv-
ing and reading of newspapers—all conversations and
social intercourse except upon religious subjects, must
necessarily be punished, to suppress the evil. Would it
not also follow, as an inevitable consequence, that every
man, woman, and ehild, should be compelled to attend
church or meetieg-house? And, vs only one seer, in the
opinion of some, can be deemed orthodox, must it not be
determined by law which that sect is; and compel all
other sects and persons to hear those teachers and con-
tribute to their support? If minor punishments would
not restrain these practices, would not the same system
their own consciences, or compel them to listen to doe.
require that we should resort to imprisonment, banish-
ment, Cie rack, and the faggot, to force men to violate
trines w bich they abhor? It isthe duty of this Govern-
ment t', afford to all classes the protection arid the ad-
vantap,e4 of our benignant institutions on Sunday, as
well sal on every day of the we, k- If the Almighty has
set apart the first day of the week as a time which man
is bound to keep holy, and devote exclusively to his wor-
ship, would it not be more congenial to the precepts of
Christ ians fur the petitioner!, to.appeal exclusively to
the gn satlaWgiver of the Universe to aid them in snak-
ing rut .n better—in correcting their practices by purify.
.eir Ifeartai? ';Guvernment will protect their in
their 'effcift4..to. all 'these good acts. When they ;shall
have t o instructed the public mind, and awakened the
consoionces of individuals as to make them .believe

HADDINGTON, Jurri 7.—The following are the prices of
grain at our market torday:—
Sk heat. Barley. Oats. Bean,
First ... ... 42, 01 2-1 s 6d 23s 6d 32s 04
Second ... ... 38s 7d 22s 61 22s Od 293 1111
Third ... .. 36s Od 20s Od 20s Od 263 ca
Total quantity of Wheat in market 322 qrs., 328 solll
Do. Barley do. 59 qrs., 31 sold
Do. Oats do. 191 qrs., 177 sold
Do. Beans do. 32 qrs., 32 sold
KIRICALDY, JUNE B.—The following are the quotations
up to this date :

Wheat. I Barley.
First 423 Od 22a Od

Second 403 Od 203 Gd
Third 343 61 173 Od

Oats. 1 Beans. I Peas.
22s o,l—sl Od —s 0

21s Oil —3 Od I—a
17s 6,11—e Od —s

Oatmeal, per bag of 2801bs imperial, 263 Od to Os 03.
GLASGOW, JUNE s.—Provisions—Cheese, 36s to 44s

per cwt ; retail, 5d to 6d per lb. Skim milk, 2,1 s Od to Os pvlr
cwt. Country fresh butter, 90 to Od per lb. Jrish po -
dered, in lumps, 8d to Od; country powdered, wholesale, 8d
to 80. Country eggs, 8d per dozen ; carried hen ditto, 4s Eid
per 20, or 6d per dozen. Hens, 3s Od per pair ; Ducks,
2s Od.
PERTH, Juxx 7.—Wheat, 36s Od to 4ls Od ; barley, 18s
Od to •,03 Od ; oats, 16s to 191; peas and beans, 22s Od to 2.51
per quarter. Oatmeal, per sack, 22s to 245.
JUNE 7.—Wheat, foreign, 20s to 235; ditto,
ditto ditto new, 19s Od to 21s Od; barley, per
STlRLlNG,b:oushels, Os Od to Os Od ; ditto new, 15s 6(1 to 18sbh
00
linieoof 6s
Oats, common, Os Od to Os Od ' • ditto new, lls Od to 13s 9d ;
ditto, Flemish, Os Od to OA Od; ditto ditto new, Os Od; malt,
distillers, 32s Od to 34s ; citto brewers, 34s Od to 35s ; beans
per boll, Os Od to Os Od ; ditto new, 12s Od to 14s Od ; pease 131
to 00s Od; lour, new per sack, 31s Od to 33s Od; ditto common
ditto, 18s 6d to 20s Od; oatmeal, per load, Os Od to Os Od
ditto new 28s Od to :_',o3od ; ditto per peck of 71bs, 9d to 10(1 ;
fresh butter per lb, 7d to 9d; eggs per dozen, 7d to 91l ;
hay per ton, Os to Os.
FALKIRK, JUNE 6. —The supply of grain in this daft'
market was 218 bolls; wheat at 17s 6d to 229 Od per boll! ;
barley, 15s Od to 18s 6d ; oats, 13s 6d to 16s Od; beans, 14. Od
to 15. Od per boll ; oatmeal, Os to Os per load.
HAwicx, Julia 6.—Wheat, new, 26s to 30s Od; barley,
new, 15s to 00s Od ; ditto old, 003 to 00s ' • potato oat-
/jos cod to 008 Od ; common oats, lls to 14s Od; peas, 18, 1,
to 22s Od; beans, 18s Od to 22s Od per boll of six imperia,
bushels.

In 1849

WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE! 12, 1850.

should, however, call their at,ention also to the harbour
of Dover. Every word that was said in respect to the
evils connected with Rsmagate Harbour applied with
equal force to Dover, which could not be called a port
except so far as it had a Customhouse to levy these
dues. He proposed to add " Dover" after the word
" RAIL sgat,,."
Mr. W. FAGAN said that there was a large steam-
packet company in Cork that were greatly interested in
this question, as they suffered greatly by the dues de-
manded at some of these harbours from their vessels
which traded between Liverpool and Rotterdam.
Sir F. BARING thought it was hardly fair, when
the original motion was almost wholly confined to one
harbour, for an Hon. Member, without any notice, to
add an additional harbour to the subject of inquiry. Al-
though the matters involved might be a fit question for
inquiry, he thought that the amendment of the Hon.
and Gallant Member.ought to take the shape of a sub-
stantive motion. He was not going to defend the ori-
ginal arrangements connected with Ramsgate Harbour ;
but, after what had been stated by the Hun. Member
for London, he thought,it would be much more expedient
if the House would wait uratil; they saw what the trus-
tees would do in the matter. He would, therefore. re•
commend the Hon.-Member for Lymington to withdraw
his motion for the present.
Mr. HUME thought the Hon. Member for Lyming-
ton had made out a good case for inquiry, and he hoped
that he would persist in his motion. Looking at the
changes that had taken place in the navigation-laws, he
considered it to be the duty of the Government to re-
move as far as possible every tax that was laid upon
shipping. We might as well be without a Government
as have a Government like the present, that did not do
their duty.
Mr. MOFFATT thought that any inquiry that did not
include Dover would be incomplete and unsatisfactory to
the shipping interest.
Mr. MACKINNON did not mean to cast the slightest
imputation upon the trustees. He believed that they
were all honourable men. He would consent to with-
draw his motion if the Hon. Member for London would
give the House a pledge that the dues would be reduced
one-half.
Mr. MASTERMAN thought it most unreasonable to
ask to give any such pledge. He had already stated
that the subject was under the serious consideration of
the trustees; and that they had evinced ant arnest desire
to do every justice to the shipping interest. They had
it in contemplation to make a reduction in these dues,
but what it was to be he thought it would be indiscreet
of him at present to disclose.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. THORNELY thought that the Hon. Member for
Lymingt 'n was entitled to their thanks for bringing
this qu, stion before them.
The House then divided on the amendment of Sir G.
PECHELL, when the Lumbers wen—
For the amendment 60

Against it
Maojrity against the amendment ... —ll
The House again divided upon the original :motion.
The numbers were—
For the motion ... ... ... ... 78
Against it... ... ... „. ... 47
Majority for Mr. Mackinnon's motion —3l
HOME-MADE SPIRITS.
Petitions were presented by Mr. FAG AN and other
Members in favour of the motion of the Noble Lord the
Member for Kildare, respecting the duty on home-made
spirits.
Lord NAAS moved that the House resolve itself into
Committee, to take into consideration the present mode
of levying the duty on home-made spirits. He rested
his motion upon the ground that equal justice should be
done to the home distillers which was shown to foreign
distillers, as well as to the importers of colonial spirits.
In levying the excise duty on spirits home produced.
that duty was taken upon the spirits manufactured in
the distilleries—it was taken at the worm's end. If
those spirits were then put into bond, no matter what
might be the loss upon them, the distiller would be com-
palled to pay upon the quantity not that he took out of
bond, but on which he was charged in the distillery.
On the other hand, the duty on foreign and colonial
spirits was levied upon the actual quantity which was
taken out of bond. In the latter case there was no loss,
and in the other case a considerable loss might be incur.
red. Thus a great injustice was done to the home trade.
—(hear, hear.) It was that injustice he sought to have
removed by the present motion.—(Hear.) He knew
that he would be- met in the first instance by being told
that the home spirits were protected by a differential duty
of 4d. a gallon on colonial, and of a larger duty on fo-
reign spirits. This, however, was a subject on which
he did not wish to enter, as he knew the principle was,
that taking the duties on the home spirits in bond
would lead to considerable frauds on the revenue. That
was the objection made by Mr. Wood on the part of
the revenue ; but it was an objection the validity of
which was denied by the distillers. It was not proposed
to prevent the duty being charged, as it was
at present, at the worm's end, and then being put into
the stores, and if any deficiency occurred when it was in
transit from the distillery to the Queen's stores the dis-
tillers were ready to pay for that difference. That they
were willing to do; but what they objected to do was to
pay duty on a loss that actually occurred whilst the ars
tide was in the Queen's stores—to pay for that which
was lost either through leakage or evaporation.—(llear,
hear.) He supposed the Right Hon. Gentleman would
say that this would cause a great loss to the revenue.
What Mr. Wood calculated would be the loss was a half-
penny a gallon. Now he was assured by all those he
had consulted on the subject that so far from being a loss
this would be felt so great an advantage to the distillers
that it would lead to a great increase of production, and
that the revenue would be ultimately the gainer.—
(He ar.) In considering this subject it was to be re-
marked that the Irish distilled trim malt and raw grain,
and the Scotch trom malt only, and thus the article they
produced gained maturity much sooner than the Irish.
The Irish spirits did not tarai,e at maturity before it
hal been manufactured four or five years. The
law as it now stood was a prohibition on the Irish
distiller to keep an article in the stores until it reached
maturity, arid it tended also to produce a monopoly
ia the spirit trade, and the fact was that all the small
distilleries in Ireland had been closed, as none now but
a man with very large capital could carry on the trade.
The whole of the spirit trade sf Ireland and Scotland
era interesTed in this question, and as that House had
removed restrictions from foreigners, as they were such
friends to free trade as to assist the foreigner in every
' way they could, he now hoped they would aid him by
[ supporting his motion, in removing restrictions from a
most important branch of their home trade.—(Cheers.)
Lord J. STUART seconded the motion. He did so
at the desire of his constituents, who were greatly lute
---Ir
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Scotch distillers did not suffer as much disadvantage
• from the present regulations as the Irish distillers, and
he acknowledged that some years ago the Chancellor of
the Exchequer had made a considerable concession to
the trade iu Scotland, and that it was now in a very
flourishing state. Although he wished to vote with the
Government on most occasions, he felt bound to oppose
them on the motion then before the House.
Mr. WILSON opposed the motion. The question,
he said, was not one of free trade at all. The speech of
the Noble Lord showed that he had paid a great deal of
attention to this subject, and therefore the Noble Lord
must be perfectly coescious that the House, after ma-
ture consideration of this subject, had come to an ar-
rangement regarding it in 1848, by which they endea-
d Toured to place all parties on terms of perfect equality
with each other. The Noble Lord had called attention
to the fact that the duty was only charged on the colo-
mat and foreign spirits when taken out of bond, and upon
home-made spirits when manufactured in the distilleries;
but why was that distinction made? Because there
was a differential duty in favour of the home distiller—
because the colonial spirits paid 4d. a gallon, and the
d duty on foreign spirit, on brandy was 15s. a gallon, double
d that paid on the home spirits—so great a difference, in
d fact, that the case of the foreign spirits might be put out
d of their consideration.—(Cries of " No, no.") He said that
d the foreign spirits were not to be considered, when 2s. Bd.
d was charged on Irish spirits, and 15s. a gallon charged
d on foreign spirits. The whole case, he said, then
d lay between colonial and home-made spirits; and
atter determining that colonial spirits should pay 4d. a
gallon more than home-made spirits it would be said it
1
was unfair to the West Indies to have that arrangement
I disturbed. The duty on the home-made spirits must be
increased, and'that on our colonial spirits be diminished
I to bring them both into the same position, and to do
equal justice between the two parties. It wes, he said,
I a great boon to the home distillers to allow them to
' bond their spirits the moment it was manufactured, be-
' cause it was giving them a long credit on that duty. If
the motion syere•carried, the arrangements now made
must be digttirbed, and that to the injury of the re-
venue—(Heats hear.)
• Mr. HUME rose to speak, but was met with such
loud cries of "Divide;" that he was compelled to .desist.
The gallery was ordered to be cleared amid loud
cheers from the Opposition Members, as it was manifest
those in favour of the motion' were in a majority..
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER rose
amid loud cries of " Divide." He said he could quite
well understand the impatience of Honourable Mem-
bers to divide without a debate.—(Cheers from Members
on the Opposition benches.) That was not, however,
the way of settling a point of such importance as this.—
(Cries of " Hear, hear," and " Divide.") Although it
did not appe tr directly, yet this was a motion like too many
others that had preceded it; namely, a motion to reduce
the revenue, and which the House had rejected. In
England, the duty on spirits W 23 7s. 10d.; in Scotland,
3s. Bd.; and in Ireland, 2s. Bd.; and this was a proposi-
tion to make an alteration for the benefit of a country in
which the duty paid was the lowest. Why, if a reduc-
tion were possible, the fair way would be to equalise the
duty in the three countries, to lower it in England, and
to raise it in Ireland and Scotland.—(Cries of "Oh, oh.")
As to the small distilleries being destroyed in Ireland,
that did not happen in consequence of the manner in
which the duties were collected; it was the general law
of the progress of trade; the small manufacturers there
were destroyed by the large manufacturers. The excise
and customs duties were levied on quite different prin-
ciples.—(llear, hear.) The whole question was dis-
cussed at great length in 1848, when the subject of the
duty on colonial spirits was before the House, and the
objection taken to the arrangement then effected was,
not that the benefit given to the colonial producer was
too much, but on the
.contrary that the duty levied upon
colonial produce was too high. The lion. Gentleman
seemed to think that great injury had been inflicted upon
the Irish and Scotch distillers as compared with the
colonial producer, by the consumption of rum being
in-
creased. What was the fact? Formerly Ireland con-
sumed as much as a million gallons of rum per annum,
t
but before 1846 the consumption had fallen down o
lla41;
dOoaoh d
eo
lnast;td aansdi n
18V itTwhaesenoontssuomhpitgt lin
osnotbrcut -
in Scotland was:—
In 1847 ... •••

In Ireland it was in 1847 .., 176,000 ~
It was only 6 000 gallons more. The consumption of
British spirits in England in 1847 was 8.409,000 gallons;
in 1849 it was 9,053,000 gallons; in Scotland it WAS j°
1847 6,193,000 gallons; in 1849 6,935,000 ga11°"; 193
Inland it was in 1847 6.037,000 gallons; in 5„,114t
6,973,000 gallons, or 950,000 gallons more. "did
clearly showed that no great injury had been -iaflieie f
upon the Irish or Scotch distiller by the introductiono
colenial spirits. The contrary was the fact, while the.._
exports of British spirits had greatly increased. line
1847 there were exported from England. not a sing
gallon; in 1849 there were 73,000 gallons; and there
were from Scotland in 1847 66,684 gallons, and in
werelB4
206,000 gallons r xported, while from Ireland there
in 1847 6.439 gallons, and in 1849 67,000 gallons ex;
ported—the increase being tenfold, Bed while they he'i
got at the same time the power of warehousing in Engic
land, a power which they had not
and of which they had availed themselves to the exteu
of warehousing one-and a-half millions of gallons `hose
1848. He, therefore, did not think the claims of thb_
distillers based on justice, and he should oppose them
The Howe divided when there appeared—
For the motion ... ••• 85a
Against it ... ••• 5"
Prenion.ly possesse I
Majority against the Government --32
The announcement was received with cheers.
The House then went into Committee; Mr.
ROCHE is the chair.
Mr. F. MACKENZIE proposed a resolution to the,
eff, et that the duty payable on British spirits taken 0u
of warehouse for home consumption should be charged
in quantity and strength the same as actually delivers`,
when the spirits had not been properly andt ea
curdy warehoused, and that no greater abatement
4t ,e
account of deficeney in quantity and strength should
made other than for every 100 gallons in warehonse, u.,ot
exceeding two months, two gallons; above two sna, vuot
exceeding six months, three gallons ; above six andry
exceeding twelve months, four gallons; and for en`
succeeding six months one gallon each. pt said
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQU--o
-
he would not object to the resolution at that stage.
The resolution was accordingly agreed to.
Mr. F. MACKENZIE proposed a second resolutitonf
to the effect that when British spirits were taken °lolutey
bond for ships' stores or foreign exportation n° th
should be charged tor deficiency in quantity or streng..d
except in the ease of their not having been securely su
properly warehoused. took the
Tee CH ANC ELLOR of the EXCHEQUER -
same course with respect to this resolution.
It was accordingly agreed to. rl red
The House resumed, and the resolutions wet. or-°
to be reported on Friday next.
RAILWAYS IN INDIA. ; not
which JOCELYN brought forward the tnet.°-„ot
which he had given notice, to move for any caper!' erla
already laid ben ere Parliament, referring to the
genebes
question of railway communication is India, togebare
with copies of any correspondence which niaY, the
taken place between the home authorities 04i.
Madras Government in reference to the propose(' •erd
way between Madras and Arcot. In bringing inr! to
the motion he was not actuated by any hostile lePifnaitest
the Government. It was a question of the n'-,at
importance to India, and he considered that the Pre'isg
was neither an unwise nor improper time to b,r t.
it forward when the attention of the manufacturing .° 0-f
rests of this country was directed to the consideratictire,
the slave-grown cotton of America which n3ight,bti.
placed by the free labour produce of British suyr,-01
India had not kept pace with the prosperity and pr°Pri,
of the other portions of the empire. On the coo° ed
her shawl and cotton manufactures had been destrolo
by the frequent unjust and necessary wars earrieut of
there, by the effect of the land tax, and by the
m e 'of
the means of internal communication. A Comm-t is
the House was appointed to investigate the os°bi
s into 1847, and they reported that the question of of
communication demanded the immediate attentioltlise
Government, for that even where roads existed tt of
were great obstacles in consequence of the °tin tbe
bridges. Colonel Sims, who had been engaged
service of the East India Company upwards of nes
years in opening up lines of communication in triales'
sidency of Bombay, gave, as the testimony of os",fes
perience, that wherever new roads were opened, l're
rapidly increased. The object that he (Viscount Jocelto
had in view was, to give the Right Hon. Gentiew° of
Secretary of the Board of Control an opportellitin of
stating his views with regard to the general eueeiletiose
railway communication in India; also with respect Wheel
railways to which the guarantee of Government had fors
granted, and what were the expectations they had
those railway lines. In 1845 Mr. Sims, who sea' hits
patched to India, to inquire into the alleged difacticore
to railway construction in the tropics, reported, in boa
junction with certain comtaisaioners who had ale° a no
appointed to inquire into the matter, that there tad-
physical difficulties to obstruct their formation. set
mitted the propriety of the inquiry which had beenbita
on foot as to whether railways were suited to thetletsl
of the people, and that the formation of an expene,e-sth'
line from Calcutta towards the frontiers on the the
west was an eligible plan. The next line for whic'froo
Government had given a guarantee was the lin!nes
Bombay to Gillian, That line, which would be 3° "-air'
in length, would certainly pass through one of theb of
tricts the best adapted in all India for the gr°";eys'
cotton. But it would run parallel with an excellen' es'
tern of water communication, and it could not he'oceis
petted that it would obtain a great traffic either in! Or
or in passengers. Colonel Grant, of the Bombay ore
gineerr, had given it as his opinion that it would -se
an unfavourable field for testing the probability e
fed
success of railway undertakings in India. It aPP,; 0'
to him (Vise unt Jocelyn) that'their gnat object e-eoel'h
to be to find out for that experiment a lino which e:, els
connect two great towns between which a consiue(a be
traffic already existed, and such a traffic as w°ll.
likely to be diverted to some railway of easy c.°,11 ou`
Lion; and he believed that a line could be Polu .110
which united these advantages. In the year IS4° 'cos°
had been proposed which would run from Madras A used
the south-western portion of India, and would °°°,l.lP
its eastern and western coasts, while it would op that
some of the finest cottonegrowing districts ll'eroote
country. That lice would run from Madras tO •rearlf,
through a district in which a considerable traffic air , of
existed; and from Arcot it would pass over a 113'ver
2 miles to the important town of Wallajenugger. rapt
Majesty's Government bad, however, refused first De'
any guarantee in that, e case fur three reasons-e,„osef,
cause the scheme had been abandoned by the f°74 'es °'
who had projected it; secondly, because the est'ularied;
the cost of its construction had exceedinglybar
and thirdly, because the line had net heel:lslos'
veyed by their own engineer, Mr' ief°
Now, upon those points he should °b oie'
that the company had not abandoned the Peetsiu
until after they had vainly endeavoured tO 'abet:
the support of the Government, and that
trete;
announced their desire to renew it as soon es they aioin't
heard of the determination of the Government to
their aid to the construction of railways in I"dis,. to
next place, he had to state that the differe',"6lo
the estimates had arisen from the fact that some erias to
had proposed the line should be a mere transweJ late
America, while others had proposed that it sbjllthis
constructed after the manner of the railfraY!,
country. Then, again, with regard to the thin" rs
opor"
which had induced the Government to decline to stieicee
the undertaking, he had to state that they hscl ageell!
no sufficient notice of their determination to adoPao-001,
rule, and that they bad given their aid to the ""redee"
line, although teat) line also had not been eu,iihers'
by their own It should be renee; s se
that in Bombay and in Bengal there Nbtl
present an excellent water communiestionristsarOt
no such communication existed ins Pei
Along the whole coast of Madras there ocs
a single harbour in which ships could ni","c'etieei't
there were very iii means 'of internal comm,n°,.-01 59,
One result of thrwarto add greatly to the Pni.u:ee, tll-,
in Madras, and so seriously was that evil felt then earth
the inhabitants were compelled to use a kilTre'd they
as a very imperfect substitute f:r salt. He hei; ef
could not estimate too highly the importanee(t.a° se-Cs
improving the internal communication ILl„4liegte„9a
empire in that' country extended over nearlysejeA O'P;
of north latitude and 30 degrees of longitude; """nees 'Qi
we remember the great works of the Hindoo Prireal
o
the irrigation of that vast territory, we ought t°d, anclot es
the time had come for England to step forwe tare ag
ed
construct some memorial which would tel to ft 033
that she had not been unmindful of her dal b7e feor.ci
distant and magnificent possessions. The ociy I°f
oreotion
of
concluded by moving "for any ars not
before Parliament, referring to theregeneral queopleS
railway communication in India, together s'itti betiolo
any correspondence which may hare taken Ptscreeeleus
the home authorities and the Madras G°'„e'dese sa
reference to the proposed railway between Asia f
Arc-,t." ore! bee
Mr. WILSON said he did not rise for the ient ts'lss
refusing the assent of her Majesty's Goveril och
proposal which the Noble Lord had made; SOOTthe'emfeed
did he rise for the purpose of complaining.,,Lelearsae.)
able and temperate manner in which the Fr
had brought the subject under their notic,ijo pervibo
But he had a few observations to offer tor which os
of correcting some misapprehensions int?d ssidet pe
Noble Lord had fallen. The Noble Lord bad u'a
during the last 50 or 60 years little progrees tit obottoo
made in the cultivation of cotton in India. 13tist odditalto
not be forgotten that during that period 5 lqind Of ei/70.
had been made to the cultivation of indigo td been the
in that country. The cultivation of indigo Iyocerif bet
troduced into India 60 or 70 years ago, srl with Iso
whole world was at present supplied from e 0 ye' ~
valuable article. Then, again, it appeared th'i_t. n'esug!!.:
ego there had been produced but 7,000 ton_',.."ed
while the sugar produced there at present aroouillote 411._eo't
times that quantity. With regard to the it:oo37ooe bat
tion then under their consideration, he had w !I'll,' by
of
the efforts made by the East India ConspanY!aroetioc,fie
Government of late years to promote the co from feeilvea
railways in India, showed that they were far
orrici referriie
indifferent upon that subject. The Noble L. d t° se
to the three propositions which were subitutitehere oecf
Government. He was right in saying that doecise,,,o
propositions for making railways for the Pre;:i 1,40
Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta, but be sso'll'ettd Woe
House to believe that an undue preffirreneeen',,,e. 413,
given with regard to two of these presid c..;ferei
could assure him that such was not the case. In %,„ eso
to the Calcutta line the Noble Lord seemed
lie
overlooked the fact that if they were to constrairoue
of railway from Calcutta to Delhi they " sectiele
commencement somewhere—they must ,e SOU
before they could complete the whole. If:tout be hg I 0
Lord helieved they were to aches at that P°lloo if Po
very much mistaken, and he was equally reiste_noa
supposed that they were to take the traffic upon
portion of the line as evidence of whether
t.
though the direction of the line only r 'eh 0
tem of railways would answer in India orow::do
etbree
north-west nroviuces had beefs agreed u.pon,..ne of Ts
Hooghley and the atingete vihtc
was a point —Middesh—placadua,trottande epuronebtstbory t

382,000 gallons.
... 220,000 „