The Sun.
London, England, 1868-02-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 1, 1868.

all. 'a hose best acquainted with the population
have confidently affirmed, that v bile the improvi-
dent and worthless have obtained relief four or
five times over, the really deserving have often got
not' aing at all. Some mistakes are, no doubt, in-
evit able among such a dense population, but the
mac binery at work was ill adapted to guard against
them. Naturally enough, when the public began
to 'near so much about the ill effects produced by
indiscriminate charity, subscriptions began to grow
slack, and amid all the outcry about the advantage
taken by the undeserving, people began to forget
how great and how widespread were the destitution
and distress which are now actually existing. It is
with -very great satisfaction that the public will
harie that all the societies, with one exception,
have determined on combining their efforts, and
that henceforth the receipt and administration of
funds will be entirely vested in the hands of " The
United Executive Committee for the Relief of
Special Distress at the East-end." The principles
which guided the Manchester Committee through
the perils and perplexities of the Cotton Famine
have been adopted by the societies. They have
determined to leave the parochial authorities to deal
exclusively with the pauper element, the guardians
taking care that the relief which is given shall be
sufficient to support life without supplementary
aid. The charitable societies charge themselves
with the care of those who most require their
aid, and for whom the contributions were
especially intended—the industrious poor who have
been reduced to want by loss of employment and
the stagnation of trade. It is members of this class
who will sit and starve iu their wretched attics
rather than push through the crowds at the work-
house door, or go begging from one office to
another. It is they who need to be sought out and
assisted, and to whom timely relief during the
period of the distress, especially if that relief be
given by means of employment, is the greatest pos-
sible boon. There is room enough at the East-end
of London for the action of every member of
every committee, and as many volunteers
as they can got to help them:; only it is
imperative that they should act from one
central point, so that the diverging lines may
not cross and re-cross each other. The public will
henceforth be able to subscribe with confidence to
the funds, knowing that unity of action is secured,
and that a system of communication has been
established with the guardians, so that there shall
be no clashing of voluntary relief and legal relief.
By this means imposture will be guarded against,
destitution will be relieved ; and while such pre-
cautions are taken against double being given
to one applicant, there will be much less danger
than heretofore of any case being altogether over-
looked.

----
The one society which has stood aloof from all
others is the East London Mission and Relief Com-
mittee, whose members, with more zeal than dis-
cretion, endeavour to combine religious teaching
with substantial relief. No doubt much good may
eventually come out of this distress, by its bringing
the ministers of all denominations into contact with
those who had, in more prosperous times, kept aloof
from them, and by familiarising the wealthier
classes with the sufferings of the poor. But such
good must come indirectly, and we shall trace it, we
may hope, in enlarged schools, sewing classes, free
libraries, and other establishments, and in an im-
proved tone of feeling and sense of sympathy
among the population. fie who expects to make as
many converts as he gives loaves and blankets to
I will be likely to make as many hypocrites as he has

pensioners.
Another great perplexity about the East-end dis-
tress arises from the conduct of the shipwrights.
These men have done great mischief to their neigh-
bours by alienating the work from their yards, and
much interest was excited at yesterday's meeting Ly
Mr. SAMUDA,WhO is naturally familiar with the whole
bearings of the labour question. Mr. SAMUDA said
he was informed that while the shipwrights were
refusing Clyde wages here they did not scruple to
go to the north and accept the wages paid there,
sending up meanwhile their contributions to the
Unions. Further, he had discovered that many
men who had left him had gone to work in the
dockyards for ss. a day, though they held out against
a reduction from is. in private yards. Other
workmen have been equally to blame,
each department choosing its own time
to strike for an increase of wages. The
result of all these temporary successes has been
to drive work away altogether, and thus punish the
whole district. No doubt much valuable informa-
tion in connection with this subject will be brought
to light by the labours of the united committees ;
and their exertions will thus be doubly valuable in
relieving the present distress and in guarding against
the chances of its future recurrence.

The debate on th.; Press Bill was continued yes-
terday, and then was not completed, but will be
resumedM. J R ULES FAVE'S speech was
worthy
dyoatiee, for he represented the opinions of
the Opposition, and spoke with
of to-day.
n-
great decision on
the complicated question. in some respects he
admitted that the bill might be complete so far as
it put a stop to the monopoly
of publishing and
necessity
printing, and did away with the
for pre-
vious authorisation. He then went on to show the
harm that had been done by the i
'subjection of the
Press," as he very properly styled it, maintaining
that the result of it had been the expedition to
Mexico, and had made France play a secondary
part in the affairs of 1866, while at
home it had
created a complete stagnation in public business,
a new loan, anxiety, and disasters. This was strong
language, but who can say that it is too strong,
when we consider how completely, to all intents
and purposes, the Press has been gagged, while all
those matters should have been discussed. The
policy of France during the last two years has not
been so successful at home or so flourishing
abroad that strictures may not be passed upon the
inflexible determination which stops all expression
of opinion, and checks the inclination to discuss
the desirability and non-desirability of the changes
which are proposed by the Government.
N. FAVRE continued by denouncing the blows
which have been aimed at the Press, and which had
virtually condemned it to silence. A free Press
ought to be adopted without the authorities giving
way to any apprehensions as to the agitation which
might be the result of it. The Opposition were
not sparing in their criticisms on the measure, for
M. GRANIER DE CASSIGNAC made some condemna-
tory remarks. He asked why the bill was brought
in at all, for the Chamber did not desire it. It
would give trouble to society, and end by impart-
ing additional strength to the enemies of the
Administration ; besides, this speaker declared
that if they only waited awhile until politic tl pas-
sion should have expended themselves, it might be
possible to adopt the system which prevailed in
England. This would indeed be a desideratum,
but we fear that there is little chance of it as yet,
for it would but ill accord with the present policy
of the Imperial Government. At any rate they
have bad plenty of warning, and some home
truths were uttered during the debate which
might well arrest the attention of the most indiffe-
rent, and shake the self-complacency of the most

conceited. One speaker said that he saw a long file
of persecuted journalists before him, and they would
engage in the struggle with the certainty of losing
eventually, for the fate of the distinguished men of
letters who had been condemned during the system
last year gave no hope of better things. Another
member was still more emphatic in his observations,
for he said that the true friend of the BONAPARTIST
rule are those who demand a " regulated liberty,"
for the maintenance of the Empire and the future
of the dynasty are daily being rendered more
difficult by the thoughtless policy that is
being pursued. " Take care that the day
may not come when you shall hear that ill-omened
exclamation, 'lt is too late.' " It is curious to con-
trast the present position of France with that cf
Austria. Their progress is no longer a name or
theory or idea, but a reality, and it is making
giant strides in the great work before Austrian
statesmen. The Constitution has been fairly esta-
blished, and we may now look out for the consoli-
dation of the great things that have been begun.
To say that Fortune has governed the Vienna
Government is hardly a fair way of putting it,
because the result could not have been brought
about without great courage and great assiduity
on their part.

A public meeting was held yesterday in the
large hall of King's College, for the purpose of
raising funds for a testimonial to the Rev. Dr.
JELF, the present Principal of the College, as a
token of regard, and also as a recognition of the
services he has rendered to the institution during
his quarter of a century's tenure of office in that
capacity. The movement originated with some
past students, but it was deemed advisable to
make the affair partake more of a public character
than it would have done had it been simply con-
fined to the committee at first formed. The
Bishop of LONDON presided, and declared that
it was with mingled feelings he received the an.
nouncement of Dr. JELF'S resignation, for though
he was well deserving of the repose he desired to
enjoy, still they must feel his retirement would
affect the prosperity of the institution over which
he had so long and so efficiently presided. The
chairman had the satisfaction of saying that, after
an experience of eleven years, he could state that the
candidates produced by King's College have not been
behind any others at tbo examination. The right
rev. chairman concluded his speech by declaring that
a more courteous Christian gentleman could not be
found than he who had so faithfully performed his
• arduous duties, and instituted so many improve-
ments during his tenure of office. The meeting
separated after some resolutions had been agreed
to in support of their previous determination.

During the course of a long and arduous career
there are few moments more gratifying than
when a tribute like this is afforded. It is a
proud thought for one who is about
to retire from the active part of his
profes.don to reflect upon that he has been appre-
ciated in his efforts, and Dr. JELF may well be con-
gratulated upon the expressions of approval and
goodwill that were elicited from the speakers at
yesterday's meeting. It will be a day to linger in
his recollection during the rest of his life, and the
most satisfactory part of the affair is that the
praises were well earned, for he has been most
assiduous in his vocation, and gained the respect and
regard of all who came in contact with him during
his important and influential work.

LATEST INTELL LGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE BRAZILS.
BITFNOS AYRES, Dec. 2G.

A revolution has broken out at the province of
Santa Fe (Argentine Confederation), and the town
of Rosario is in the hands of the insurgents, who
have declared for Urquiza.
Cholera is subsiding at Buenos Ayres, but is still
very prevalent in the allied camp.
Rio JANEIRO, Jan. 9.

Advices from the seat of war state that no further
fighting had taken place. President Lopez was re-
ceiving supplies through the Chapo. Four vessels
left Rio yesterday with troop, and carrying cannon
to force, if necessary, a passage by Rosario.

,031 PAR. X.

THE

ceiling or down on the floor.

protest ?

LEERY.

VIM NOTICE.]
what would happen if the authors of all the articich
" declined with thanks " were to start a periodical of their
own? What kind of magazine would it be? We suspect
that' it would bear comparison with the oldest and the

most exclusive. Editors are a servile race for the most

part. They will not take the trouble to discover youthful
genius, to bring out mute, inglorious Miltons. Publishers,
too, think more of the name at the end of the article than

of the article itself, just because the public think more.
Provided the first can announce the Right Hon. this and

the Very Rev. that as contributors, they care very little
about the contributions ; for the second would rather read

twaddle from a swell than wisdom as profound as Plato'
from a nobody. The young author must push his way for

himself until the time when he no longer needs assistance,

and then he will find plenty to " encumber him with
officious help." It is very much the same with artists as
with authors. Go into any one of our old-established

'exhibitions, and you will find a few well-known names

engrossing the " line " with their commonplaces, while
the Raffaelle or the Rembrandt or the Rubens of the
future is, if not banished altogether, placed close to the

What can they do but

They can exhibit. Five-and-forty years ago the young
artists of that day challenged the verdict of hanging corn-

mittees thus. The Royal Academy and the British
Institution were close corporations, and so the Society of

British Artists established themselves in the Suffolk

street Gallery, and numbered Clarkson Stanfield
and David Roberts among their earliest members.
The Dudley Gallery is no less a challenge to
the water-colour societies. In a zoom far more capacious

than either of the two galleries in Pall Mall some 350
artists exhibit nearly 700 pictures. Of course in such a

number there are varying degrees of merit, but we never
saw so large an exhibition with so little rubbish in it. We
must add that the artists are by no means all of the class
unrecognised genius. There are, for instance, three Royal
Academicians—Cooke, Ward, and Redgrave. Holman
ifunt, Marcus Stone, Yeames, and Poynter are among
the exhibitors, and the catalogue contains such names as
the two Severns, W. H. Paton, Thomas Macquoid, H.
S. Marks, and the Solomons. Cognoscenti will recog-
nise many another name with which the public is less
acquainted.

The first picture that attracts our notice Is (12) Mr.
Walter Paton's " Dmmottar Castle." This is a rainy day at
sea, and is more to our liking than the.piece which stands
next to it (13), Dutch Boats hugging the shore, even
though this is the work of Mr. Cooke, B.A. Mr. Lennard

Lewis has found in Tours (18) a scene that Prout would
have transferred to .canvas. A market is being held in the
wide open place under the shadow of afine old church tower,
with its stone of greenish grey. Very charming is the love-
lorn maiden (19) by Juliana Russell. She stands with her
golden hair negligently flowing over her blue serge dress,

and with hands laid wearily over the wounded breast, a

sight to soften stern hearts. Mr. Walter Field takcs us
'•o a hay-field (42) of the modern time, where the hay-

maker is a machine, but where, for all that, there is roont
for the artist, who has rendered with faithful skin the green
swathes in regular row. In 48 we have what seems to be
an Egyptian scene, so clear is the atmosphere, so dry and
brick•red the soil. But it is Sicily, and the artist is not

Vacher, but Talmage White, who shows us Calatafimi, the
locale of Garibaldi's first victory, eight years ago, Mr. Arthur
Severn's Bay of Penzance, is an old acquaintance, though,

we-believe, it has not been shewn in public until now. It
is a work of genius in the highest sense. There is naught
zut sea and sky and sun. No ship, nor bird, nor any sign
of life is there. The long line of surf comes tumbling on
to the sands, and the sun, lurid though haze, lights up the
centre horizon with-an almost unearthly glow. This is a
very Po ful picture. We prefer it greatly to the other
works by the same artist—" Near Torquay" (141), with its
red and blue rocks, vivid and staring in colour beyond any-
thing that we remember to have seen there or elsewhere ;
or "Falmouth Harbour" (234), which, however, is a
clever picture ; or " Evening after a Storm " (267),
though we see the artist values this last almost" as
highly as the three others put together. Mr. John
Steeple's " Glen Coe" (58) is a striking picture. The scene
is in accordance with its tragic memory. Dark clouds sweep
over the sky, weeping mists gather over the hills. The
bridge that spans the gorge is just the place for some mur.
derous deed. "Night in the Pool" (67), and " Wapping"
(296), are satires in chalk. The Thames, "large, gentle,
deep, majestic king of floods," is anything but royal. It
is a servant of servants, and has to bear puffing tug and
lirty collier, and is as matter of fact as the verses are
grandiose. Mr. Simeon Solomon has three pictures, all
of them exceedingly clever, and remarkable as studies of
colour. " Bacchus" (70) is not the tipsy, bloated sot as
we know him, but a handsome youth, clad in a leopard
skin that falls gracefully around him, and holds a long
gold-headed staff in his right hand, and a cluster of purple
grapes in his left. Behind him are the blue sea and
the bluer sky of Southern Italy. "A Patriarch of the
Eastern Church pronouncing the Benediction of Peace"
(103), is an even bolder piece of colouring. The olive
skin and jet black hair of the Patriarch are set off by the
golden headdress and the gorgeous robes which he
wears. In his hand he holds a staff with twisted serpents,
somewhat like the Caduceus of Hermes. In " Heliogaba-
lus " (252) we have a noble-looking man, bearing the em-
blems of divinity and of royalty, and far other in appear-
ance than the monster whom his name conjures up.
These three works are not for sale. They would scarcely
leave the artist's studio unsold. Mr. Charles Potter has
been very successful in his rendering of " The Fitful
Head" (74). The ghostly cliff seems bending down before
the storm as a man will bend before a sudden gust of wind.
The mist and sea-rack are driven before the blast, and the
great waves come rolling in, and we can almost believe,
it is Norna herself who has awakened the elements and
stirred them to this mad strife. "Sweet is calm after
storm," and it is a relief to turn to Mr. George Mawley's
two pastoral scenes (75 and 92) with their soft summer sky
and blue distance, and quiet peaceful life. None of the
exhibitors has succeeded better than Mr. Mawley in de-
picting Nature, at rest. Surely " Ariadne in Naxos"
(88), by Mr. Spencer Stanhope, is one of the most excruciat-
ing pictures ever painted, always excepting those by-Mr.
Burne Jones. Everything is contorted in agony—woods,
clouds, and Ariadne's hair. The hair is as solid as the,
trunks of the twisted trees. If the sun shined in Naxos it
casts no shadow, or, at all events, Ariadne has succeeded
in doing that which Goethe declared impossible
jumping out of her shadow. The committee have placed
Mr. Stanhope almost on the line, as a caution, let us hope.
"- Exorcising " (87), by Mr. Yeames, is the
antithesis to Mr. Solomon's. The second artist revels
in rich colours, the first has almost done without colour.
A group of monks, some ten in number, are all clothed
alike, in the white frock and cowl of the Dominicans, and
most of them are kneeling down, but the positions are so
skilfully varied that there is no monotony in the picas. In
frunt of them kneels, bare-backed, a possessed brother, who
is receiving the blows which another brother is administer-
ing with no gentle hand. The whole group is in the
presence of the mitred abbot, who sits and directs the
exorcism, and whose robes are the one bit of brightness in:
remarkable piece.

Both England and France have garrisons in the
Tapanese port of Yokohama, within twenty miles of Jeddo,
:he capital. Each garrison has the flag of its nation float-
ing above its quarters.

IMPORTANT POINT. —ls the clergyman the holder
of the church in which he officiates? This was the ques.

tion raised in a case at the Clerkenwell Police-court. The
Rev. A. Thomas, incumbent of St. Paul's, Camden-square,
was summoned before the magistrate for the non-payment
to the paving board of St. Pancras of £693, the cost of
forming a carriage-way and paving the footway by his
church. The claim was resisted on the ground that the
incumbent was not the owner of the edifice, and therefore
not liable. Mr. Barker gave judgment in favour of the
rev. gentleman, and dismissed the case.
SHOCKING ACCIDENT. —An accident of an extra-
ordinary kind, and resulting in the death of two boys,
occurred on Friday at the Brighton parish school, War.
ren Farm, near Brighton. It appears that the water
used at the schools and at the new workhouse on Rose-
hill is drawn from an artesian well, one of the deepest in
,he world, the shaft of which is within the school build.
ings. A steam-engine is used to pump the water into a
reservoir, and there is suspended over the shaft of the
well a " monkey," worked by a winch, this " monkey 7)
being used to let persons down the well whenever any
adjustment or repair of the pumping apparatus is found
necessary. The engineer is allowed the occasional assist.
ance of two boys, and on Friday morning these two, taking
with them two others, went into the engine-room; They
must have previously ascertained that it had not been
locked over night, as is customary. The four boys un-
covered the shaft of the well (which is usually guarded by
a fence and an iron grating), and having rigged the
"monkey," proceeded to let each other down the well in
couples, two working the winch and two sitting on the
" monkey." This was gone through more than once, when
suddenly, either from a jerk on the rope or some strain on
the winch, the two poor boys in the well were throlwn off
their seat and were hurled into the depth below, falling
500 feet and crashing through an intermediate Staging or
platform before they reached the water. The two boys on
the surface immediately gave an alarm, and the superin-
tendent (Mr. Hates) descended the well in search. One
body was recovered almost immediately, the other not for
some time afterwards. Both lads were quite dead, and the
top of the head of each had been crushed away in the fall.
A labourer had previously been killed by falling down the
Onl.

Clara
giragar.

HER MAJESTY.

OSBOIINE, Jan. 31.

The Queen drove out yesterday afternoon, ac-
companied by Princess Christian, and attended
by the Dowager Duchess of Athole..
Her Majesty walked in the grounds this morn-
ing, accompanied by Princess Christian.
His Royal Highness Prince Leopold is better to-
day, but is still very weak.

Viscount Jocelyn and Colonel the lion. Strange
Jocelyn have arrived in town fr3m visiting the Earl of
Roden at Tolly more Park, Ireland.

The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of
Commons and Lady Charlotte Denison will entertain a
succession of friends at Ossingtou Park till the meeting of