The Sun.
London, England, 1850-10-28 00:00:00

N°• 18,123.] LONDON

iH
MONDAY
OCTOBER 28) 1850.
e,
• 4.

E a 13, LABITZKYEwatTS. the NATION IL
CONCThu " Berliner Walzer," a the " Herbst-I,l=m Walzel'," as
also the " California,: (aloe," the productions of the relebrate.l corn-
poser, performed with so ninch applause at the National Concerts,
nny he obtained a' the Messrs. and Co., Publishers to her
Most Gracious \ini,ri,ty, (3, New Burlington-street, so'e Publishers of
ail Ilerr Lat:itzk)'s Works.

THE EXHIBITION OF 1851.

Not the least wonderful part of the Exhibition
which is to be opened next year will be the edifice
within which the specimens of the industry of all
nations are to he collected. Its magnitude, the
celerity with which it is to be constructed, and the
materials of which it is to he composed, all combine
to insure for it a large share of that attention which
the Exhibition is likely to attract, and to render its
progress a matter of greet public interest. A build.
ing designed to cover 752,832 superficial feet, and to
have an exhibiting surface of about twenty-one acres,
to be roofed in and handed over to the Commissioners
vvithiu little more than three months from its com-
mencement, to be constructed almost entirely of glass
and iron, the most fragile and the strongest of work-
ing materials, to combine the lightness of a conserva-
tory with the stability of our most permanent
structures—such a building will naturally excite
much curiosity as to the mode in which the works
connected with it are conducted, and the advances
which are made towards its completion. Enchanted
palaces that grow up in a night are confined to fairy
land, and in this material world of ours the labours
of the bricklayer and the carpenter are
notoriously never ending. It took 300 years to
build St. Peter's at Rome, and thirty to complete
our own St. Paul's. The New Palace of West-
minister has already been fifteen years in hand, and
is still unfinished. We run up houses, it is true,
quickly enough in this country, but if there be a
touch of magic in the time occupied, there is none in
the appearance of so much stucco and brick-work as
our streets exhibit. Something very different from
this is promised for the great edifice in Hyde-park.
Is of only is it to rise with great rapidity, but in every
other respect is to be suggestive "of Arabian Nights'
remembrances. In its favourthe window law is to be
ignored, and 900,000 superficial feet of glass, weigh-
ing upwards of 400 tons, are to be used in its construc-
tion. Not a stone nor a brick will be employed
throughout the spacious structure, which is to rest
upon 3,300 cast iron columns, and to be strengthened
and kept together by 2,224 girders of the same ma-
terial. The plan of it which has been published re-
presents an edifice in every respect qualified to be-
come the repository of specimens of the world's in-
dustry ; the basement and two upper tiers diminish-
ing in area as they ascend, and thus securing a
graceful variety of outline, while the monotonous
effect of a façade 1,848 feet long is broken by a
spacious transept. This transept, 408 feet long
and 72 feet wide, will be arched, and will rise
to the height of 108 feet, inclosing with-
in it, as in a glass case, a row of trees, which respect
for the park timber has induced the Commissioners to
spare. The roof of the entire building, resting on the
cast iron girders, will be what is technically called
" ridge and valley," and will look like an undulating
sea, the whole being covered with canvas to exclude
the rays of the summer sun and prevent any inconve-
nience arising from excessive heat. This will be the
case in every part of the structure except the transept.,
where the presence of trees render light necessary,
and where, therefore, the arched glass roof will remain
uncovered. When closed in and completed, the view
presented by the interior will, it is anticipated, be won-
derfully graceful and splendid. The central avenue,
1,848 feet long, 72 feet broad, and 66 feet high, with
rows of pillars shooting off from it on either side, and
so arranged that the eye can traverse freely to every
part of the building, must have a very grand appear-
ance. Care has been taken to have the columns upon
which the whole fabric rests distributed with such re-
gularity that no confusion or forest-like effect can be
produced by them. It will be the same in all the
avenues as in the central one, although there, from its

work and prescribe the division of labour to be pur-
sued. Here, too, a room has been established for
draughting plans of the building, in conformity with
which it is to be completed. A considerable per-
tion of the work is done by the piece, and no diffi-
culty is found in procuring any amount of hands
that may from time to time be required. Every
morning they assemble in great numbers at the en-
trance ready for employment, and when engaged
they turn out very efficient workmen. Such a sup-
ply must be regarded as one of the most important
facilities which a great city like London presents
for the execution of an undertaking like this. An
meansingenious system of cheques by of variously
shaped brass tokens has been introduced to determine
the number of hours per day for which each man hss
been occupied, and the remuneration to which he is
entitled. The whole busine,,s of the contractors seems
to be carried on in the most systematic and orderly
manner; and what is very remarkable is the little
noise or bustle with which the work proceeds. 'When
the materials of which the building are chiefly cotn•
posed are recollected this will be the more easily un-
derstood. Nearly everything is brought on the
ground ready to be put up, and the loudest sound
that reaches the ear is the occasional clink of a ham•
mer " closing rivets up." Over so large a space the
noise of labour is lost, and the building rises almost as
silently as did Solomon's temple.
The contractors still speak with perfect confidence
of their ability to construct and roof in the whole
before New Year's-day. They have within the last
month done a good deal, but in the two that still re-
main to them they will find their energies fully
taxed to do all that still remains to be accom-
plished. If within the limits of time prescribed to
them they succeed in carrying out so extensive
and elaborate a plan as that which they at pre-
sent contemplate, they will merit the utmost praise ;
but before even the letter of their contract the safety
of the public must be placed, and we do trust that
every precaution will be adopted to prevent the possi-
bility of accidents hereafter. Of late years many
circumstances have occurred to shake the confidence
which was at first reposed in iron
.structures. Sus-
pension bridges and railway terraini have been giving
way and falling in from comparatively slight causes
of a rod,
or— tthhee sahmallak iensgt dofefeacpt
iilnlara, pbayrtd,
itslituerslagpptihneg
distribu-
tion of forces, often brings down the whole fabric.
The new building in Hyde park is a novelty in archi-
tecture----and a novelty upon a grand scale. It is to
be provided with many galleries, where specimens of
industry will be exhibited, and where, therefore,
crowds of visitors will assemble to inspect. Consi-
dering the materials used, therefore, it is most im-
portant that every care should be taken to insure the
safety of these galleries. Messrs. Fox and Hender-
son say that they have adopted every precaution in
this respect, and that their calculations of strength
are such as to render an accident from the crowding
of spectators impossible. We trust that it may be
so, and we think it due to them to state that a minute
examination of the progress already made in the work
has impressed us with a high sense (~f the efficient,
orderly, and expeditious manner in which it is carried
on. This is the more remarkable when the novel
character of the structure is remembered, that novelty
removing it out of the routine habits of those engaged
in the labour of construction.

TOTAL WRECK of an EMIGRANT

SHIP.
Haitwicil, OCT. 26.—We regret to announce that
another emigrant ship has been totally wrecked on the
Gunfleet Sands. The particulars are as follows :
On Sunday last the barque Johana Friedrich, of 400
tons, Captain Whieting, left Bremen, with 140 emi-
grants and a crew of 16 bands. She was bound fir
Charleston, South Cirolina, and besides her passen-
gers had a general cargo valued at 2 000 dollars. All
went on well until the evaning of Thusday last, when
the Gunfleet lights were sighted, and, by a fatal error,
were supposed to be the South Foreland lights. The
ship's course was steered under this impression, when,
at nine o'clock, the night b>ing dark and rainy, the
vessel struck heavily on what proved to be the Gunfleet
Sands. In an instant consternation spread throughout
the ship, and every passenger, including many women
and children, hurried to the deck. The masts were
speedily cut away, and other efforts made to lessen
the heaving of the ship, and to get her off, but all
with no avail, as on the pump being sounded there
was found six feet of water in her hold, besides other
indications that the vessel was hopelessly lost. The
captain, who throughout behaved admirably, had
a number of ropes passed across the ship, which
the passengers grasped in order to maintain their
footing. In this way a weary and wretched night
was passed, all of them expecting that the vessel
would every moment go to pieces. At eight the next
morning (Friday) they were descried by the crews of
several smacks, who immediately went to their assist-
ance. The tide had left the vessel with but little water
round her, so that the smacks' boats could not get
alongside. The women and children were first lowered
from the ship's side, and, aided by several men, waded
through the water to the boats, by which they were
conveyed to the smacks. In this way all were safely
taken from the vessel, and 140 of them were ultimately
landed at Harwich, the last number of them landing
as late as one o'clock on Saturday morning; the re-
maining passengers were landed at either Colchester
or Brightlingsea. The captain and two mates re-
mained on board the barque until four o'clock on
Friday afternoon, hoping that the vessel might yet
be saved, but as the sea rose she rapidly broke up,
and became a total wreck. Messrs. Billingsley and
Co., the Bremen vice-consuls at Harwich, paid every
attention to the emigrants, Mr. Williams, one of the
firm, particularly exerting himself. The passengers
glrtateisfuslufpoprotshede wtahyatinthwelyiich eywtilhlreamreabineinign
barque belonged to Messrs. Glogstein and Son,
taHrresearytweedirc3:h until another ship is provided for them. The
Bremen, and was not insured.

(Elizibeth Jones) for the wilful murder of her mother-
in-law, Ann Jones. She was forthwith taken into
custody, and conveyed to Aberystwith station-house,
until the following Monday, when the case was en-
tered into b'-fore the county magistrates assembled
for that purnoFe, at Pontrhydfendiged (Ford of the
Blessed Bridge).
Several witnesqes were examined, mostly the ser-
vants of Bronberllan.

GAME SVASON.—CROSSE and BLACK-
WELL, Pntveyors in Ordinary. by appoin ment to her Ma-
jesty, hag re,pecttully to inform tie nobility and gentry that they
continue to manniacture the celehraied 50110 SAUCE, which will
he f,sund ,nrairioii for every description of game ; also their improved
Essiineit of real Gorgona Anchovies, Diumore's Essence of Shrimps,
or holed and tried Royal Tabht Sauce, Sir Robert Peel's Sauce
for general purposes, Anchovy l'aste, Strasburg lotted \teats, &C.
The whole of the above, tozether with their superior pickles. may be
oblaine t of all the principal sauce venders throughout the kingdom.
Manufactory, 21, Siho-square, London. Established 1705.

The accused was retnandPd until the 29th instant,
in order to afford time for Mr. tit.rapath, of Briitol,
to he again present, and accordingly a summons for
that gentleman was issued yesterday.—Cambrian
Friday.
P,

LONG EVENINGS MADE SEIOR c.
S
the Premises, B A
Prem 4IIE
,e'viLenljE T
ha r 11-st
eerit BLoLi,Ei
make long evenings appear short, and combine calculation with amuse-
ment, price 31. i Os., 41. 10s., 51. 10s., up to 121. Sold also by his
Agents, Speirs and son, Oxford; l'owell and Lounge, Leeds ; Eastec.
Liverpool; Wooldeld, Glasgow; Pratt, Bradford; Thompson, Not-
tingham ; Stephenson, llu'l ; Smilers, Dover ; Steel and nix, Nor-
wich. None are genuine without Mechi's name.

'OISONING AT CONISCLIFFE MOOR
HOUSE, NEAR DARLINGTON.
Mr. George Young; farmer, of Conischtfe Moor House,
about three miles from this town, was taken suddenly ill
one night in the early part of the month of September
last, arid was attended by Dr. Ja:.k:en and Dr. Peaccck,
both of Darlington. They found him labouring under
severe pities in the bowels, accompanied by violent
retching and sickness, and his symptoms continued in-
creasing in violence until the following night, when he
died. Both doctors were present at his death, and
.Dr.
Jackson entertained suspicions that poison bad been ad-
ministered to the deceased, and intimated his fears on
the subject to Dr. Peacock. Deceased was, however,
buried.
The suspicions as to the cause of his death having got
abroad, and various rumours prevailing as to domestic
discords in deceased's household, owing to the alleged
incontinence of his wife, they were at length formally
conveyed to Mr. Settle, the deputy coroner for Stocton
ward. Accordingly on the 12th inst., the remains of the
deceased were exhumed, where they had lain nearly five
weeks, and an inquiry was held before Mr. Settle, at the
Hope Inn, Sedgefield.
At this inquest, Thomas llayes Jackson, surgeon,
then deposed that the deceased was a healthy man up
to March last. On the 9th of that month, Dr. Jackson
was called to see deceased, who appeared to be labouring
under severe inflammation of the bowels, and was suf-
fering great pain. Deceased recovered from that illness
in the month of May. On the night of the Ist of Sep-
tember, witness was again called in, and found deceased
in bed, complaining of severe pain in the bowels and
stomach; he continued vomiting violently, and on the
night of the 2,1 September he died. Witness had sus-
picions that death was caused by poison, and had, after
the funeral, communicated his suspicions to Dr. Pea-
cock, who had also been in attendance. Deceased had
remarked to witness that he had had a great deal of
trouble in consequence of family disturbances, and had
said he did not think he should recover. Witness had
assisted at the post mortem examination of deceased,
and from the appearances presented, had not the least
doubt that the deceased had died from the effects of
poison. _

After hearing this evidence, the jury recommended
that the stomach and other organs should be transmitted
to a competent gentleman for careful analysis, in order
that the presence of poison should be tested.
The inquiry was resumed on Tuesday last, when Dr.
Glover, of Newcastle, gave evidence of having examined
the organs to detect the presence of poison, and after a
most careful analysis, he had obtained satisfactory evi-
dence of the pretence of arsenic in those organs.
After receiving this evidence the inquest was again
adjourned until next Tuesday, in order to collect further
evidence.

Superintendent Robson, of the Darlington police,
proceeded o❑ Wedre,day to Coniscliffe Moor House, for
the purpose of searching the premises. He there found
a packet of arsenic, labelled " poison," on the top of
a press. The widow of deceased was present, and ap-
peared considerably agitated, but expressed no surprise
at the discovery. At present the affair is shrouded in
considerable mystery; but it is anticipated that consi-
derable light will be thrown on the subject at the next
investigation.
THE FRIMLE Y MURDER.

Proportions and the entire absence of galleries or upper
flooring to break the perspective, the view presented

will be most imposing.
Besides the imm,,ose spice thus devoted to the ge-
neral purposes of the Exhibition, there will be on the
north side of the building a room set apart for the re-
ception of machinery. The dimensions of this apart-
ment are on a scale proportionate to the important
branch of inventive industry to which it is to be de-
dicated. It will be 946 feet long, 48 feet broad, and
24 feet high. Another feature of the building will
be the refreshment courts, which, in accordance with
the aristocratic spirit of the country, are to he divided
into three classes. Those whoie means and tastes

On Saturday, at 11 o'clock, the examination of the
prisoners in custody charged with the double crime
of murder and burglary at Frimley was again re-
sutned before the magistrates at Guildford. Mr.
Best, the chairman of the bench, presided, and there
was a numerous attendance of magistrates, probably
arising from the expectation that the accused at the
close of the day's proceedings would be finally com-
mitted for trial. This expectation, however, it will
be seen, has not been realised, the prisoners having
again been remanded till Frilay next. The evidence
adduced possessed no great novelty or interest, being
to some extent a repetition of details which have
already been made public, and where fresh facts *ere
adduced they were merely such as supplied blanks
in the indirect proof of guilt. When the prisoners
were one by one brought into the court-room
their appearance was narrowly watched, hut indicated
no material change. Samuel Ilarwood's face looked
Viler on entering, end became flushed as if with
strong excitement as the inquiry proceeded. Levi
Harwood also, though the confident daring
recklessness of his manner and expression had suf-
fered no visible abatement, seemed to be more thought-
ful end concerned about himself. His complexion
had acquired a less healthy hue, and the muscles of
his face and throat were in constant motion. Jones
looked quite as well, if not better than at the previous
examinati ; and Smith, the approver, appeared to
be more at his ease, though his eyes were still for
the most part bent timidly on the ground, and he
never once directed them to where his companions in
guilt were standing. This man has quite the slice
active figure of a burglar, while all the rest in build
oa
fn d
peaxoptroeusisio n looklike
i ino
occurred
the
A
proceedings
curious
the part of the prisoner Jones, which, singular to say,
was only observed by one or two people in a crowded
room. Tice accused were drawn up in a semicircular
form at the entrance of the court-room, a turnkey be-
ing placed between each of them to prevent commu -
nication. During a pause in the proceedings, Jones, who
had managed to fall behind a little, canon Levi liar-
wood's eye unobserved, and clenching bis fist at the
same time, and slightly raising it, with a motion of
his lips, and a glance at Smith, he very significantly
conveyed the kind of treatment the approver would
receive if an opportunity ever offered. The only
other point worth noticing in the conduct of the pri-
ssoomneerso
fwAaisrtsb. esmne
aainit
delight
ofeosk,s replies
with
to the which he
interrogatories
ty hea
rd
some
of the chairman, Mr. Best.
Mr. Neale, an attorney, in Guildford, who, it:will
be remembered had made several unsuccessful appli-
cations to the magistrates to be permitted to commu-
nicate with the prisoners in a professional capacity,
was present in court, and watched the case on behalf
of Samuel Harwood. Mr. W. S. Holiest, brother of
the deceased, as on former occasions, appeared, and
took an active part in the proceedings. The first wit-
ness called was

ncline them to patron:ss the first will discuss the de-

licacies of the season under the branches of the trees
which occupy the north end of the transept; those
whose habits of life are less ambitious, or whose pa-
lates are less discriminating, must move westward;
while for the crowd of humble visitors the requisite
accommodation will be provided on the nortn-east
side of the building.
To enter into further details with reference to the
interior plan would needlessly complicate this descrip-
tion, and would he inappropriate at present. It may,
however, be right to mention that while from north
to south and across the breadth of the structure the
flooring will be perfectly level, from west to east it
will he slightly inclined, like the stage of a theatre,
though not of course to the same extent. This, it is be-
lieved,will add much to the effect of the interior, by en-
abling visitors at the lower end to see almost at a
glance over the whole edifice. Though from north to
south the flooring will be quite horizontal, the land
slopes a little, and this enables the architect to give
the building on that side the appearance of a raised
foundation, which will be faced with green sod. The
advantage of this to the external beauty of the prin-
cipal facade it is almost unnecessary to point out. A
light iron railing will inclose the building at a dis-
tance of eight feet from its exterior, and beyond that
there will be a footpath. The grand entrance will be
nearly opposite the Prince's gateway, and will have
seven pairs of doors. Ample arrangements have been
made, however, for the entry and exit of visitors at
other points. The exterior surfaces on the first or
ground tier will not be of glass, but of wood, for the
p trpose of greater security, and also to afford a wall
space for such articles as require to be hung up in
order to be seen to advantage. To enumerate in de-
tail all that this grew, undertaking embraces would be
an endless and perhaps rather a tedious task, but some
conception of the work to be performed may be
gathered from this—that the calculations of Messrs.
Fox, Henderson, and Co., the contractors, estimate,
among other requisites, 34 miles of gutters, 202 miles
of sash bars, and 8 miles of table for exhibiting.
Turning from the building as it is to he to what
has already been performed, it will be found that con- I
siderable progress has been made. It is now a month
exactly since the actual work of construction com-
menced. In that time the foundation pieces on which
the columns rest have nearly all been fixed upon their
beds of concrete, and the earth filled in around them.
The columns required for a large section of the
southern and central parts of the building have been
put up and connected together by girders. The
framework begins to indicate the form of the future
structure, just as the ribs and bones of the mammoth
at the British Museum shadow forth what the animal
must have been when alive. The graduated outlines
of the structure ascending tier above tier, the cathe-
dral-like effect of the transept, and the long extended
avenues and rows of slender pillars, branching off sym-
metrically on either side of them, can already he dis-
cerned. Sleepers and joists for the flooring have
been laid in one or two parts, and one small piece
of window freming has been fixed in its place.
The external facing of the ground tier has been
commenced, and while the framework of about
one-third of the structure is in a forward state nearly
every detail of the work has been begun. Messrs.
Fox and Henderson have already one small crane es-
tablished on the girders for hoisting up materials,
and in a few days they will have several more. The
rapidity with which the building progresses may be
estimated from the fact, that two columns and three
girders can be fixed in about fifteen minutes. While
the actual labour of construction proceeds a vast
amount of preparatory work goes on simultaneously.
Nearly all the wooden arches required to span
the transept are completed. Sash bar, window-
frames, intermediate bearers and gutters, are got
ready by hundreds of workmen under sheds, formed
hastily of floor planking. The hydraulic press is at
work testing the strength of girders, and a few fires
are lighted to prepare the wrought iron bolts by
which the columns are made fast to the connecting
pieces between them. Piles of material of every kind
are collected in every part of the ground, and it is
believed that three-fourths of all that will be required
aa
rrrseeatwaaatlilrntleegaw.df.eoy
work
kehtloesi deposited
homes,
rt
ei ns twh ehh i
eho aarrde i n ge
m. p
l'lhn'y ee
dr e
i is
n
dis estimatedAtth."Pa'
ritethsteihnnet about nine hundred hands
thenumhe
number enclosed
must phaec e ,
raisedb ut
to
1,500. No difficulty is found by the contractors in
procuring thrrehereigruisite supplies either of material
ourelnadbeorusre.e,
assisteidribswontrlkwlnotisotfhalelr broughthouses. fromone
fißir-
mingham,preparedmß alti
c, by Messrs. Fox and
lity.furnishesA pt the
portion
wholeef
he
timber used is from the galide
excellentsosf,requir e d .
qua-
lity.
iatmyiasniedrepare at mills taken for
undereisafixing cover,
n'columns
the When pu rtphoes
weathere at C heenl s
thee
f
Gas
dayha s beenar
e laiden
wet,
thhisre.pstar on nefthhe the
d thef grounds.
forward.
work,
which
When ist
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dry t
ho
tilnsounep dui
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frequentlyt andh e girders
grounds,wa r
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ulteoevieNeiss'
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paNrVtuiitsa commodious
set

Gorge Everest, the gamekeeper, who repeated the
evidence given by him before the Coroner, as to the
finding of the " worm-bit."
Sergeant Kendall, of the detective police force,
proved that the holes in the scullery door broken open
at the Rev. Mr. Holiest's corresponded with the
" worm-hit." He also produced a bolt taken from
this door, and a portion of the window sill, on both of
which he found marks, which in all probability were
produced by the " worm-bit."
Mr. William S. Holiest produced the masks, the
silver communion cup, and several other things
handed to him for safe custody, and the chairman de-
sired him to retain possession of them until the trial.
The witness suggested that some hairs which had
been found adhering to the masks should be compared
with the colour of the prisoner's heads, and this was
acceded to by the chairman.
Inspector Hollington here drew the attention of
the bench to the propriety of making inquiry as to a
corduroy cap which had been found, and which he
r issnh a
thatcap in my
believed could be identified as the property of Levi
Harwood by Mrs. Seabrook, in whose house he
lodged.
Levi
h tethis
Chairmani Hs
order,
rr a oro da—ndd desired
grumblingly
neverre
d
prisoner
said,uo
life, and if Mrs. Seabrook say so, she speaks falsely.
Tertoif
hold
witnesseshis
tongue, but he did not seem at all di
s
posed to comply
with
said what wag untrue, it was time to speak out.
Sergeant Kendall stated that the cap found was
believed to be a workhouse cap, and in the meantime,
as it was not in court, the inquiries with respect to it
were not further proceeded with.
Harriet Seabrook said that Levi Harwood left her
house on the evening of Friday, the 27th of last
month, and did not return until the following even-
ing, between seven and eight o'clock. She saw Jones

there a few minutes after Levi Harwood returned.
He did not come in, but remained in the lane out-
side, and left after a few minutes conversation with
Levi Harwood. When Levi Harwood arrived he
went into the tap-room and sat down as usual.
Mr. Hollest—Did you speak to him ? Witness—
No.

Mr. Holiest here cautioned the witness to speak
the exact truth, or he would call sonie one to contra-
dict her. Ile then repeated his question, and
Witness said she believed she had said to him,
" You have been in a row and lost your jacket."
A long interrogation of the witness ensued on this
point, Lord Lovaine, Mr. Best, and Mr. Holiest, by
turns, putting questions to her, but the only answers
elicited were that Harwood appeared to be in his usual
state; that she had heard him say nothing to her or any-
one else; that he was always a quiet young man, and
never said much. She admitted that three country-
men who came in during the evening had talked
i
of the Fritnley business in the presence of I ar-
wood, but he said nothing about it. She was then

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.. OI T

The Chairman announced that the prisoners were
remanded till Friday next, before which time there
seemed every probability that more light would be
thrown upon the cue, and that the prisoners might be
called upon to say why they should not tike their
trials both for burglary and murder.
PREPARATION OF FLAX.

We were yesterday favoured with an inspection of
a new process of preparing fl.ix, by which the delay,
waste, and expen,b, co.,n,efeo with the present modes
of its preparati,m are entirely obviated.
Our readers are prchibly uware that, under the or-
dinary mode, the flax is steeped for periods varying
from eight to fourteen days, and under Schenck's pa-
tent system of steeping in heated water, recently in-
troduced into Ireland, the period required is not less
than sixty hours. Under the ordinary method of
steeping great care is required to prevent the fibre of
the flax from being completely destroyed, and not-
withstanding the attention which is usually bestowed
upon this branch of the process, large quantities of
flax are constantly injured to such an extent as to
render it all but valueless. Under Schenck's system,
where the water is required to be gra-
' dually heated by steam, from eighteen to
twenty hours, until it arrives at a temperature
of 85 to 90 degrees, and the flax remains in the water
for sixty hours—is afterwards dried in summer by
spreading it thinly on grass-land, and in winter upon
ranges of shelves in a building connected with the
" Tat-house," and heated by means of steam-pipes--
the operations are of such a nature as manifestly to
render the system unsuitable to the great mass of the
flax. growers.
Under the new system, however, the whole of the
operation ofsteeping is dispensed with, and we wonder
how such a step could ever have been resorted to in
the preparation of flax, unless it were intended thereby
to increase the expenses, to seek unnecessary risks, to
waste time and labour, to deteriorate the fibre, and to
throw as many difficulties as possible in the way of its
successful and profitable preparation. The chemical
properties of the plant appear to be such as to render
totally unnecessary the application of anything like a
steeping process, while, so far from benefiting, it only
weakens, and, to a great extent, destroys the valuable
fibre. But the complete absurdity of the process is most
strikingly shown by the dye or stain which the steeping
necessarily gives to the fibre, and the large quantity
of injurious substances which always adheres to the
fibres after the operation of steeping, and which it is
necessary to remove subsequently by the tedious,
expensive, and destructive process of bleaching. In
effect it is the same as though the growers of cotton
were, previous to its being shipped, to cause it to be
saturated with a dye, and afterwards to have it rolled
about on a sandy beach, leaving it to be subsequently
cleaned by the manufacturer. One of the greatest
difficulties connected with the manufacture of linen is
that of weaving it sufficiently close in consequence of
the dirt which adheres to the fibre, and which scarcely
any amount of scutching is able to remove.
The unsteeped process of preparing the flax com-
pletely obviates all these difficulties, and places the
fibre in the hands of the manufacturer with none of

its oleaginous properties destroyed, free from dirt and
dye, and of considerably greater strength as com-
pared with steeped flax. The rapidity by which
the flax may he prepared may be judged by the fact
that, during our visit, a quantity of the stalks in the
state in which they were pulled, with the bolls of
seed upon them, passed through their several stages,
and within one hour was handed to us in the shape of
a beautifull silky-looking fibre, almost as white as
the paper on which we now write. We are not at
liberty to state the process by which this result is
arrived at, as the patent for the invention has not yet
been secured ; we may state, however, that the whole
operation is to perfectly simple that a child may with
ease accomplish it, and that, although we had not
seen the process before, we were ourselves able, with-
out further instruction, to produce a email quantity
of fine fibre from the plant.
The process has, we believe, met with the cordial
approbation of Lord Clarendon and a number of
nobbnen and gentlemen interested in developing the
indwrial resources of Ireland, who have had the
opportunity of witnesing, it. Application has been
made to the Board of Trade for a charts r of incorpo-
r.tion to carry out the patent, the company un-
dertakicg to purchase, at the rute of 1:21. per acre,
exclusive of seed, the produce of 100,000 acres of flax
iu Ireland. They also propose to allow the use of
the patent, to supply the machinery, and to provide
instructors to those growers of flax who may possess
the means, and who are noxious to afford employ-
went to their own labourers in the preparation of the
fibre.

The inventor of this process also claims a patent
for a mode of saturating the seed before its being
sown, which has the effect ofrendering the crop more
than usually proligo, of diminishing the extent of the
ligneous properties of the plant, and producing a
degree of fineness in the fibre which has not
yet been
attained.

A quantity of the seerl so prepared was last year
sown by a gentleman at Tullagh, near Cork, and the
produce exceeds three tons to the acre; and such is
its quality, that the:grov, er has been ( ffered 51. per
ton for his crop, exclusive of the seed.—Morning
Chronicle.

[ADVERTISEMENT J
MPSSIS. HARDING and Uo., 81, Fall-mall, beg to
intimate to the public that, in consequence of the rebuilding
of their premises, it has become imperative on them to
dispoec of the whole of their valuable Stock, which they
have determined to tiler for immediate Sala. at a very con-
siderable reduction of price. Messrs. 11. and Co. offer to the
public the assurance that the Sala thus announced is bout
fide. Their entire Stock, consisting of Silks, Ribbons, Lace,
Embroidery, Shawls, Scarves, locks, Mantles, Gloves, and
the rechercht Selection of Millinery, for all of which their
establishment is so eminently dietiuguished, will be unre-
servedly subjected to the reduction. The Sale will be con-
tinued for a limited period.

[ADVERTISEMENTI—A dangerous Case of Ervsi-
pelas, attended with Swelling and Inflammation, cured by Hol-
loway's Pills and Ointment.—Extract of a letter, dated East
Kiel, Spilshy, Lincolnshire. October 8, 1845:—" I beg to an-
nounce to you a most wonderful care wrought upon myself by
your pills and ointment. 1 had a very severe attack of erysi-
pelas in my right foot and ankle, with swelling and inflamma-
tion to an alarming extent. I was unable to move without the
assistance of crutches. I consulted an eminent physician to
no purpose. However, in less than two weeks, by the use of
your ointment and pills, I was cured, to the Surprise of all wh•
knew me. Signed. Joseph Gildon, a farmer."—Sold by a'l
Druggists and at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244,
Strand, London.

THE GREAT AGRICULTURAL MOVEMENT IN THE
GnowiNa OF FLAT.—A company, comprising many of the
leading nobility and landowners, is seeking from the Govern-
ment a royal charter to give encouragement to agriculturists
and farmers to bring into immediate cultivation at least
ono hundred thousand acres of land in Ireland, for the pro-
duction of flax straw, which substance the promoters of this
charter have (by new and peculiar processes never hitherto
adopted) the power to convert into a fit state to hold coin-
petition with the best Ilax imported from foreign ct.untries,
without the aid of steeping, kiln-drying, or mill. scutching.
The machinery by which the fibre is separated from the
stalk without steeping is of a very simrle and inexpensive
kind, requiring no previous knowledge to work it. The un-
steeped flax is uniform in strength, and free from stains, so
that all the after processes of manufacturing and bleaching
may be conducted with a facility and exactness not hitherto
attainable.

OBTAINING MONEY UNDER FALSE PRETENCES.—
At the public office, Birmingham, on Thursday, Mr. Paul
-Birch (who has been for upwards of twenty years i•n the ser-
vicel of Messrs. Wheeler and Co., jewellers, of Bartlett's-
buildings, Holborn, London, and of St. Paul's-square, Bir-
mingham), was brought up on a charge of having committed
a number of frauds upon his employers, under the following
circumstances :—The defendant was employed as foreman at
the Birmingham establishment, and a part of his business
was that of paying the men their wages weekly, taking a
proper account of the time each man worked, and to trans-
mit a weekly statement of all moneys received and disbursed
to his employers in London. For some time past suspicions
were entertained that Birch was in the habit of rendering
fraudulent balances by a system of charging for men's wages
a greater amount than he had paid them in consideration of
the number of hours they had worked. In order to test this
Messrs. Wheeler sent on a particular day for a workman
named Mordaunt to town unknown to the defendant; not-
withstanding this, in his weekly balance Birch charged for
Mordaunt six days' work (11. although he had only
paid to him 11. 10,1. Other frauds of a similar character were
brought forward, and from the evidence it appeared that
this sy tern of fraud had beer. carried on for some time. The
prisoner was committed for trial. At the time he was taken
inio custody he had 700. of his own money in the hands of
his employers.

SIM.WRECK•—PALMOUTTI, OCT. 23.—0 n Tues-
day night, at about eleven o'clock, the schooner Thetis, of
Preston, Strickland master, from Dieppe, kft this port for
Liverpool, with a cargo of dour, 1,115 run into by the
choon: r Sh?plierdess, of Llanelly, Morris master, from Ply-
mouth for Wales, she having, at six A.m., come out of
Mount's Bay. The concussion was received by the Thetis in
her waist, immediately after which she turned on her beam-
ends, when her captain and his wife, and the crew, consisting
of four hands, got iutu the boat and took refuge on board the
Shepherdess, the poor woman escaping is her night-dress.
A boat shortly affix went from the Shepherdess to endea-
vour to pick up or take MT some of her stores, and, when
about twenty feet from her, she careened over, bottom up.
The Shepherdess then made for Falmouth, where she landed
the unfortunate people on the following morning. It is
likely, from the stature of the cargo of the Thetis, that she
will not go down, but will be made a prize of by some of the
Mount's Cay fishermen. The collision took place in a line
between the Lizard and the Lonphips. The stem of the
Shepherdess was split, and she makes water.

_.,..questioned as to who th .'ee countrymen
were, but her answer •was tha' did not know their •
names, though she did their' ~. At last Lord L -
vaine elicited from hei • that what she did say to Har-
wood was, " You havi been in a row and lost your
jacket, like a snake tat has slipped its shuck." The
bench being unable to, get any further information ont
of Mrs. Seabrook, the prisoners were asked if they
had any questions top ut to her.
Jones asked how it was she knew that it was he
who came to her house on Saturday to see Levi Har-
wood ? Witness—Because I saw you.
Jones—lt was dark. You did not hear me speak,
did you ? Witness—Do you suppose I did not know
you ? I saw you both standing together outside the
door and talking.
This terminated the evidence adduced during the
sitting, and