The Sun.
London, England, 1850-05-20 00:00:00

TURKEY.

The Wanderer has letters from Constantinople of
the Ist inst.; stating that the former Turkish Cabinet
went out en the 27th April, and that the department
of Finance was given over to Halet Effendi, while the
chief direction or Law affairs was taken by Chebik
Effendi, late Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Am-
bassador at Rome and Constantinople. Rifat Pasha
has been appointed President of the Council.
The insurrections in Bosnia, Smyrna, and Samos,
have been suppressed. The Pasha Jochmus, late
Minister to the Archduke John, is preparing to re-
turn to Turkey.

TATTERSALL'S—THIS EVENING
Six o'CLocx

DERBY.
5 to 1 agst Clincher
6 Pb 1 agst Bolingbroke
7 to 1 agst The Nigger
9 to 1 apt Pitsford
10 to 1 agst Mildew
13 to 1 agst Voltigeur
25 to 1 agst The Italian
30 to 1 agst Mayors
33 to 1 agst Deicoon
40 to 1 agst Ghillie Callum
50 to 1 agst Brennus
66 to 1 apt The Swede

OAKS.
7 to 1 agst Gill) flower
9 to 1 agst Tiff
10 to 1 agst Exotic filly
11 to 1 agst Eliza Middleton
13 to 1 flint Tingle

V

PROFESSOR FARADAY'S LECTURES
ON DOMESTIC CHEMISTRY.
The philosophy of a chimney formed the subject of
Professor Faraday's lecture on Saturday last. He
endeavoured in the first place to impress on his
audience the importance of the duties which a chimney
performs, by showing the quantity of deleterious
matter removed by that means of ventilation. Esti-
mating that an ordinary parlour fire burns 401bs. of
coals in twelve hours, the amount of gaseous
products fatal to life, resulting from that com-
bustion, would be 42,000 gallons, and not only
is that quantity of gas carried away by the
chimney, but the draught of air towards an open
fire-place causes five times the amount of the actual
product of combustion to ascend, and thereby removes
the air spoiled by respiration, and tends to maintain
a healthy ventilation. The actual weight of matter
carried up such a chimney in twelve hours is esti-
mated to exceed 2,000b5. To illustrate the effect of
the ascent of smoke up a chimney, caused by the ex-
pansion of the column of air by heat, the professor
heated a glass tube closed at one end, and then in-
verted it in a coloured liquid, which ascended in the
tube as soon as the expanded air was contract( d
by cooling. Several experiments were exhibited for
the purpose of showing tee force exerted 15y the a.,-
cending column of air, among which was an illustra-
tion of a descending flue. A coloured flame was held
near the aperture ofa tube bent like an inverted syphon,
the longer arm of which acted as a chimney. The
flame at first rose perpendicularly, but as soon as the
tube was heated the ascent of the air in the longer
arm drew the flame downwards into the shorter with
considerable force. As the ascent of smoke up a
chimney depends on the comparative lightness of the
column of heated air within, and an equal column of
the atmosphere, the longer the chimney the stronger
will be the draught, provided the fire affords suffi-
cient heat to warm the air ; but cases were men-
tioned in which, by adding to the length of a smoky
chimney, it was made to smoke more than at first,
because the flue was exposed to the external atmo-
sphere, and in cold weather the column of air, cooled
by exposure, became heavier than the air within the
chimney, and forced the smoke downwards. This
case occurred at a light-house in the Isle of Portland,
which Professor Faraday had been commissioned to
examine, because the want of ventilation in winter
dimmed the windows, and rendered the light useless
at a distance. A model of the light-house chimney
was on the lecture table, and the effect of cold air
producing a downward current was shown by the
application of ice to the outside. A chimney is
sometimes made to smoke by the more powerful
draught of another chimney communicating with
the same room, for if the supply cf air to the fire-
place of the larger fire be not sufficient, the direc-
tion of the current of smoke up the chimney of
weaker draught will be reversed. The more frequent
cause of a smoky chimney, however, is the bad
formation of the top, against which the wind strikes.
If the chimney-top be properly shaped the wind will
tend to increase the draught by being reflected up-
wards, however violent its force may be. As an ex-
emplification of the best manner of presenting sur-
faces to resist the force of the wind, Professor Fara
day adduced his personal experience during the past
week on Woolwich-common. He said he bad put
up his umbrella to screen himself from the wind, but
when in the first instance he held it to windward, he
found that the umbrella afforded very imperfect pro-
tection. He then placed
.himself between the wind
and the umbrellain this apparently exposed
position he found andhimself much more protected
than before. To illustrate this effect a convex glass,
to represent an wdas fixed on a rod, and
a lighted candle was
against the
the middle, and
the light was moved
wiethairhbackwards and
forwards. When advanced screen
c c o
before it, the air rushing in to supplyt etthegfrilalsasce
to flicker;
tchker ; but
pied by the glass caused the flame when the candle was advanced in froent
the flame burned steadily. The application oefsereen a jet
of steam to increase the blast of locomotive engine fur
was illustrated in a variety of ways. In the
first place the lower end of a bent glass tube was
pieced in a dish containing coloured liquid, the upper
wad being inserted into a larger and horizontal tube.
A jet of high-pressure steam was then directed
through the larger tube, which carried such a rush
of air to supply
the place of the air expelled by the
steam, that the coloured liquid rose to nearly the top
of the perpendicular part of the tube. The effect
of the steam jet was shown by the directionofa large
coloured flame, and by the smoke of ignited gun-
powder, the latter being blown out at the further ex-
tremity like smoke from a cannon, though
gun-
powder was exploded at the opposite end the
Professor
Faraday concluded by showing a very curious experi-
Inept illustrative of the force of a jet of steam. The
t f:om a strong dig ester having been directed up-
"rdi, he placed an egg in the issuing steam, by the
force of which it was sustained in the air, dancing
about with great bri.kness.

- --- -
BATTERSEA PARK.—The continued delay that has
.. taken place in carrying out the Act of Parliament for the
.
f mnation of this park, has at length aroused the attention of
the inhabitant, and clergy throughout the extensive district
of Battersea, &c., to adopt measures for urging upon the
Government and Commissioners to carry out the intentions
of the Legislature, by pointing ou . the evils, as well as in-
jury to property consequent on further delay. For that pur-
pose
several meetings of the leading inhabitants have been
held, and a correspondence entered into, with a view to the
sc veral parishes and districts acting in concert with each
other, the more strongly to impress upon the Government
ti e necesiityfor their interference. To carry such intent on
ii to effect, it has been determined that an aggregate meeting
•
o• the intiabitants of the parishes of Lambeth,
&C., shall be held during the present week.
•.
The Bishop of London has licensed the Rev.
S 1 ) %
,! ' jt,•ancis Tate, M.A. rector of Girton, Cambridgeshire, to the
.....,---- - • incumbency of Berkeleyl Chapel, Charles-street, Berkeley..
t-- ware, rendered vacant by the retirement of the Rev. J.
4• Ketley, M.A. ; and the Rev. J. Knight Jennings, 8.A., late ,
chaplain of the Infant Orphan Asylum, Dalston, to be one of
*'
•- . - • the, miniaters of Trinity Chapel, Conduit-street.
. ,

1 -s

4, 19
A 4
Week Last •
ending NAME OF RAILWAY. week. E
• -9
May 11 Aberdeen .... ...... .......... 1,198 570
12 Amiens and Boulogne. . .... 1,396 1,227
11 Belfast and Ballymena •.• • • ....• •• • • 565 493
12 Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire 2,733 940
- Bolton, Blackburn, Clitheroe, and W. Y. - 417
12 Bristol and Exeter •• . .• • ••• • .. 3,872 4,241
• 5 Caledonian.. ......••,•. ........ • • 6,074 4,961
I 2 Chester and Holyhead . 2,532 1,307
9 Dublin and Drogheda. ••• • • ••••• • • • • 916 8/0
14 Dublin and Kingstown ••••••• • • • • • • • 767 839
11 Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen •.• • • ••• 534 528
12 East Anglian..... • ••••••••• • • • • • • • 732 621
11 Edinburgh and Glasgow ........ 3,841 3,983
11 Edinburgh and Perth • • • • ...... 2,113 2,170
12 Eastern Counties and North Eastern... 14,643 14,410
12 East Lancashire .. • . ..... ........ 3,270 2,929
12 Eastern Union • . 2,088 1,238
11 Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr .. • . 2,911 2,712
11 Glasgow and Greenock •• • . .... 1,008 987
5 Great Northern and E. L..... .... .. 3,586 2,376
11 Great Southern and Western. ........ 4,255 3,872
12 Great Western, &c ...... ........ 15,451 16,420
12 Lancashire and Y0rk5hire............ 13.136 12,350
5 Lancaster and Carlisle .. . ....... 3,539 2,3 f 2
- Leeds and Thirsk .................. -
12 Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport •• • • 146 104
11 Londonderry and Enniskillen ........ 173 156
12 London and North Western, Ste.... • . 46,959 40,111
12 London and 81ackwa11.............. 753 753
11 London and Brighton 8,040 8,566
12 London and South Western 9,170 9,448 ,
12 Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire 5,317 ' 3,408
12 Midland, Bristol, and Birmingham.... 21,271 20,608
12 Midland Great Western (Irish) 1,316 1,161
11 Monklands ......................... -
12 North British . . .•• •..
11 Paris and Rotten . •• •
11 Rouen and Havre .. • .•• • •• 2,295 2,209
12 Scottish Central ... •
n Scottish Midland 391 326
12 Shrewsbury and Chester .... •. •
12 Shropshire Union 457 -
11 South Eastern and Branches .....• •• 9,499 7'940
5 South ..... 1,780 1,912
11 Taff Vale • -
827 787
- Waterford and Limerick... -
5 Whitehaven Junction •• • • ...... 178 202
12 York and Newcastle . ••• • • ..... 12,896 11,851
12 York and North Midland. •• • .

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
On Tuesday, May u
14 (William C bitt, Esq., pre-
sident,. in the chair), the paper read was "On the Con•
struction of the Permanent Way of
North
ivi Railways
; i
dwl
aainyt
dh,
an Account of the Wrought-iron Permanent
laid down on the Main Line of the Nor
Railway," by Mr. W. H. Barlow, M. Inst, C. E.
The author commenced by entering into the ques-
tion of the maintenance and renewal of the ordinary
railways, analysing very minutely the expenses
under the different heads, and showing to
what causes the derangement of the line
might be attributed. The cost of maintenance was
stated to be dependent on two causes, the effect of
weather, &c., and the disturbance produced by traffic;
and from a summary of the expenditure of the dif-
ferent lines belonging to the Midland Company, it
appeared that the former amounted to 90/. or 301. per
mile per annum, and the latter varied from 2d. to
2.7 d. per train per mile. After a line was consoli-
dated, by far the greater part of this expenditure was
due to the derangement caused by the passage of the
trains, which first produced an uneven juint, then
loosened the joint key, and then disturbed the sleeper,
so that at length the whole of the permanent way ge-
nerally was degraded.
With regard to renewal, it had been estimated by
the officers of the London and North-Western Rail-
way, that on their line the rails would last twenty
years, and the sleepers, if " creosoted," twenty years,
but if unprepared only, twelve years ; now as the
than
wduration
eath, it w
of serviceas of the rails was dependent on the
amount of n ththeetLraoffinc, and that of the sleepers on the
er,
quitedo env
andiden
North-Western,
, thatorth -oinvleisnte s 11,a vi n lessg
traffic h
pro-
portionate expense of renewing the sleepersern wtohueldb
ishe.
In endeavouringmtruaffichogdri
emaitner, and would increase as the amount of
to seek a remedy for this, the
author conceived, that, .by increasing the dimensions
of the bridge rail, sufficient width might be obtained
for it to take its own
the use of eitherbearingin the ballast, without
transverse sleepers or longitudinal
that supports ; and, moreover,
be very durable, and be
cwaopualbcilepoosfseshseginregat strength,
renewedat
moderate expense.
He therefore proposed a bareiadtche rail, 13 inches
There)
in width, 5i- inches in
Messrs.
1261b5. per lineal yard. weighing
wast and
some difficulty
at first in getting it manufacturedb
Bolckuw and Vaughan, of Middlesborou to
hard metal
ees,
had overcome all the practical difficulties,g
and.
produced rails of the required size, with n "w
in the upper portion, and ductile metal in the lower,
by which both durability and strength were insured.
The joint was made by either a cast, or wrought-iron
chair, or saddle, which received the ends of the rails,"
and into which they were keyed with wooden keys.
The gauge was preserved by means of a tie-bar, fitted
and keyed into sockets on the chairs.
An experimental length of road on this construction
had been laid down on the main line of the North
Midland Thiil way, the cost of which 'was 3,3231. per
mile ; but it was thought, that in future this might
be reduced to 2,4871. per mile, by reducing the
weight of the rails to 100Ibs. per yard, and the chairs
in proportion, as it was found by experiment, that
these rails were greatly in excess of strength, being
as much as three times stronger than that of the ordi-
nary double-headed rail.

GAS-LIGHT AND CORE COMPANIES.
Dividend Amount
Name of Company, per of Paid. Price,
• Annum. Share.
h - --- --- Z. s. d. Z. s. d.
,
. 'latish ........ •• • • 3j, 40 0 0 16 0 0 14
i Ditto Provincial , 11. 81. 20 0 0 20 0 0 20
Brighton .....• •• • • 5l. 20 0 0 - _
City of London -- •• 61. 100 0 0 150 0 0
- GontinentalConsolidat. 925. 75 0 0 31 5 0 -,--
l 7 Equitable .. ...... sos. 50 0 0 50 0 0 2634
Imperial .. 31. . 50 0050 0 0 69%
Independent 6l 40 0 0 40 0 0 48
D L0nd0n.......,
.. .. - 50 0 0 50 0 0 8
e Ditto
Do., Part. Preference 81. 25 0 0 210 0
-. , Phcenix . • 4341. 50 0 0 49 0 0 28
I Ratcliff .....
.• 5/. 100 0 0 90 0 0 75
United General .... 7s. 6d. 50 0 0 50 0 0 16
1 WeatminsterClaarterad 31. 60 0 0 - 46
- Ditto, New 12s. 60 0 0 10 0 0 9
t
, LIST OP SCOTTISH COMPANIES' PRICES
) Name of Company, Dividend Amountper of I Paid. Price.
I Annum. Share.
----- ----
Bank of Scotland
1 Critish Linen Company 81. per cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 It 3
laledonlan Bank
City of Glasgow Bank . 61. per cent. 10 0 9 10 0 0 12%
..11ydesdale Bank •.., •• 6% per cent. 20 0 0 10 0 0 13%
Jommercial Bank- •• 7!. per cent. 500 0 0 100 0 0 168%
Eastern Bank ••••• •• •• • 61. per cent. 25 0 0 10 0 0 8%
Edinb.k Glasgow Bank 61. per cent. 5 0 0 5 0 0 5/..2s
Exehangeßnk of Scot 4l. per cent. 100 0 0 50 0 0 g%
isle of Man. Company 71. per cent. 10 0 0 7 0 0
National Bank 6)4 percent. 50 0 0 10 0 0 15
Northof Scotlandßank 41. percent. 20 0 0 50 0 3%
North British Bank, - _ _
Royal Bank of Seetlend 51. per cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 131%
Union Bank of Scotland 81. per cent. 100 0 0 50 0- 0 90
Western Bitiil:•• •• •• •• 71. per cent. 50 0 0 50 0 0 72%
Alliance Fire nd Life 8341. pr cent- 10 0016 0 0 20%
B Accord. Life remd Fire lO 0 -
British Guarantee Ins. 41. per tent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 15J Od
Caledonian Fire Incur. 101. per
51. p cent. 1000 00 0 100
140
060
_223_
Colonial Life ... ...• - 50 0 0 1 0 0 11, 33.
112.11295'
2014
Cityar, of
rg Glasgow
i fe
ILni
sf eu .r . .
6611. .
perpe r
cunt.ce n t .
12005
(0,
00
115210
00:
0000
HerculesLE.
na
gs t. ° f
sSclconotstf.ul asrfsacande
emwtcitLenlLaidcfnie.ofdle:
61.
per er
cent,cent.
10 0 0 34
(noun Co. o
Life Assoc. of 5711..
per
rr
cent.cent.
11100000
000
000
3% per ct. 10 0 0 010 0 53. 9d.
bl. per cent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 228.6 d
cent. 200 0 0 20 0 0 25
- 0 0 015 0 -
20 0 0
410 Isol
000
23;91 : ,
ScottishN Northl.4'3oal
.cmannßkaastrili.lWtieafi Fire
neLehdsai ftGniaedneen
nf'd.
Guar.u.S.
LriCloi Life
to 651%. perp_r cent. - -
0 0 1 0 0 161 ed '
Scottish.itnainarpaUeni_pii.orAen..l..nu.s.rra.nn. cce... 655M11.. 10p.
eePrrrceceeennnttl...
152000 00 00
-
MISCELLANEOUS.
Dividend Amount
Name of Company. per of Paid. Price. '
Annum. Share.
----... ] ----- - ,
Z. s. d. I Z. s. d.
Avalon Mart.. -.. .• 2/. ss. 50 0 0 - 25
Australian Agricultnrl
Anglo-Mexican Mint.. 11.111.05.
'
Ditto, Half Shares.. -
Canada ......... ~.. 61, per cent. 11001000 -000 000 3312200 110000 0000 ---2111 31-1
Uppr Canada Bonds 51. per cent. - - 89
Pity Navigation .... - _ - 91 8
ußprjoG
eG
ie 0
ivilnati
is
:a .
ntsr
soßalitnibieeoriviaitnenemsarn
esot
i Steam
Institution
iniloi
;gnu:. .
:vs:.
tate.
.jor
asor..etyn..
.. . 55p, . .
lop!.
1. i tsc bse
.ns ,
t 2. / 11001500
000
000 .100 0 0 84
; 1 1664 00 00 28-%
- i7B 15 0 -
484.1p.eprrceeennti.
11500000 -000
000
:120520006
0005
0000
98-01 ) i ce
Royal l •• 61 18. 4. p. c. 100 001 60 0 0 59% I
South Australian... .. 11. per share. 25 00125 0 0 19 t
Van Dieman's Land., -
-e,

A ROTTEN CAME.—Among the opponents of the
Extra-Mural Interments Bill are a good many, we fear, who
attack it on the moat corrupt priTate grounds—private burial
grounde.— Punch,