The Sun.
London, England, 1850-06-17 00:00:00

AFFAIRS OF GREECE.

The following Bills, as amended, were consiclered:—
Blsrionethshire Turnpike Roads.
Beading Union Waterworks.
BRIGSTOCKE'S (OR PLAYER'S) ESTATE BILL.
This Bill was read a second time.
PETITIONS.
Lord CHARLES MANNERS presented a petition
from the Acton Rugby Savings Bank against certain
clauses in the Savings Banks Bill.
Colonel REID presented a petition from the trustees
of the New Windsor Savings Bank against the Savings

Bank Bill.
Mr. JOHN GEORGE SMYTHE presented a peti-
tion from the solicitors of York in favour of the pro-
position for separating the judicial and political func-
tions of the Lord Chancellor.
Mr. FARRER presented a petition from Stockton-
upon-Tees against the proposed alterations in the Post..
office.
Mr. F. O'CONNOR presented a yetition from the
factory operatives of Smithy•Holme in favour of a Ten
Hours Bill.
Sir JOHN YARDE BULLER presented a petition
from Hampstead (as was understood) against the Par-
liamentary Oaths Bill.
Sir ROBERT INGLIS presented a petition from the
vicar and churchwardens of Billington, in the East Riding
of York, to the same effect.
Mr. WYLD presented a petition from coal miners in
Ayrshire praying for a better system a ventilation in
mines; also a petition from the congregation of Ebenezer
Chapel, St. Pancras, against the Metropolitan Interment
Bill.
Mr. LOCKE KING presented a petition from Barnes,

in Surrey, to the same cffect: •
Mr. MASTERMAN presented a petition from inha-
bitants of the city of London against the Parliamentary
Oaths Bill.
Captain BERKELEY presented a petition from the
Chamber of Commerce at Gloucester in favour of the
Mercantile Marine Bill.
Mr. FELLOWES presented petitions from Bradford
and Bury, in Lancashire. against the Jews Bill.
Lord HARRY VANE presented a petition from the
Mayor and Corporation of Stockton-upon-Tees, under
their corporate seal, praying fur the continued trans-
mission of letters by the mails on Sundays.
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL presented several pe-
titions in favour of the Marriage Bill.
Sir J. WALSII pre3entad a petition from tenant
farmers complaining of agricultural distress, and praying
for some rktmedial measures.
Sir B. IdALL
.presented petitions from the S. Pancras
and the Camden-town Savings Banks against certain
clauses in the GovernmEnt Savings Bank Bill.
I THE NATIONAL LAND SOCIETY. _

Bill took was in a wrong direction. Ho took
occasion to guard himself from its being sup-
posed that be participated in the objections to this Bill
which were drawn from the condition of Dublin. This
was not the cause of Dublin alone but of all Ireland.
Ho quite approved of the abolition of the vain pageantry
of a Viceroy in Ireland; but for what purpose? To
replace him by a reality, a scmething with more real
power, and more accessible to the people of Ireland ?
On the contrary, they were pursuing still further that
pernicious system of centralization, and for that reason
he should give his vote against the Bill.
Sir B. PEEL said, that if he found that this Bill wore
for the advancement of the general good government of
Ireland, all local inconveniences would, in his opinion,
be subordinate. He was quite aware of the great diffi-
culties which men of high character and talents had
found on governing this country, and he was
well aware that many of these evils arose from
the state of society in that country which
would in all probability remain for some time,
yet at the same time he thoueht there were some inhe-
rent defects in the Constitution. When there was a
local Parliament in that country, the office of Chief Se-
cretary was very different to whit it was at pre3ent,
when it was a situation of great nicety and difficulty.
He could not but think that it was a dangerous experi-
ment to remove the Lord-Lieutenant from Ireland,
and he was afraid it might have a mischievous effect. '
He thought the giving of a Secretary for Ireland the
character of a Cabinet Minister was a most clumsy de-
vice to overcome difficulties. It was chiefly for
some of the reasons he had stated that he
was inclined to give this measure a fair
trial. The speedy means of communication between
this country and Ireland, was also favourable
to the measure, added to which a uniformity
of system in legislation between this country
and lieand would be effected by means ( f
having a Secretary of State for Ireland. He doubted,
however, very much the policy of having a Secretary of
State for England; and another for Ireland. He thought
it would be better to have Wale. and Scotland under
one Secretary of State, and England and Reload under
another.

Mr. F. O'CONNOR wished to ask the Secretary cf
State for the Home Department whether, in consequence
e the lets decision of the Queen's Bench, which aid net
allow the Na',ional Land bociety to be regiztared, the
Government would feel disposed to offer every faciliv
to the doing justie,2 to the 70,000 shareholders who had
invested their all in this Company.
Sir G. GREY slid that Government would not throw
the slightest obstacle iu the way of any steps which
the Hon. Gentleman might take far this purpose. If it
were a lt-gizlative remedy which the Lion. Gent!emun
meant to apply, he must re,erve the opinion of the
Government until the Bill was before the }louse.
REMOVAL OF SMITIIFIELD-MARKET.

M;:iffZROY asked Lord John Russell whether, in
consequence of the report of the Commission appointed
to, make inquiries relating to Smithfield-market, he was
prepared during the present session of Parliament .to
propose any measure for removing the market br the
sa'e of live eagle from that locality?
Lord J. RUSSELL replied that the Government had
agreed on removing Smithfield-market—(Cheers)—but
he was not prepared, without further consideration, to
state whether he would be enabled to brieg in a Bill on
the subject this session.
In reply to another question from Mr. FITZROY,
Lord J. RUSSELL said on Friday next he would state
whether the Government-would be enabled to introduce
a Bill this cession.--(Bear.)
CLERKS OF ASSIZE.

Mr. BOUVERIE inquired whither any intim aion
had been conveyed to the judges having the appointments
to the Clerkships of Assize of the North Wales and
Midland Circuits, that Vie foes of those (Beers form
a branch,of the thquiry before a Committee of that House,
and that the persons appointed to those clerkships must
take them subject to any al•erationa or regulations ( f
Puilianaent b fleecing' the same.
Lord J. RUSSELL thought it would to very objec-
tionable f.,r the Government to interfere with respect to
appointments in the hands of the judges ; he was cf
opinion, however, that the remuneration of these up.
pointments:shoul•i be subject to the opinion of the Com-
mittee to which tho Hon. Member referred.
MERCANTILE MARINE BILL AND MERCHANT
SEAMEN'S BILL.
In reply to Mr. CARDWELL,
Mr. LABOUCHERE said it was his intention to move
the second reading of the Mercantile Marine Bill on
Thursday next. He could not fix a eay for the second
reading of the Merchant Seamen's Bill.
OATH JURISDICTION BILL.
In reply to Sir R. 11. INGLIS,
Lord J. RUSSELL said he in'elfeled, when the order
of the day for the Oath Jurisdiction Bill was read this
evening, to move that it be fixed for the 4th of July.
MISCELLANEOUS ESTIMATES.

Lord STANLEY rose to move to resolve, that while
this House fully recognizes the right and duty of the
Government to secure to her Majesty's. subjects re-
siding in foreign states the full protection of the laws of
those states, iv regrets to find, by the correspondence
recently laid upon the table by her Majesty's command,
that various claims against the Greek Government,
doubtful in point of justice or exaggerated in amount,
have been enforced by coercive measures directed
against the commerce and people cf Greece, and calcu-
lated to endanger the continuance of our friendly rela-
tions with other powers. He knew not whether the
anticipations of the Noble Marquis, as to the settlement
of our differences with France on the subject of
Greece, were to alised or not. He sincerely hoped
they were, but at all events no considerations with regard
to that subject would induce him to postpone his motion;
incised, he doubted whether the last postponement had
not rather tended to continue than to heal those differences.
Butt, highly as he valued the continuation of a good
understanding with France, he felt that question had
little to do with this subject, for when first he had heard
pf these transactions hu had given notice of a motion on
the subject, which he had postponed on the representation
of the Noble Marquis, that tte interve.itiou of Fiance
would settle the differences while it appeared that inter-
vention had aggravated them. Ile would not go through
all the papers, and inflict upon their Lordships the weari-
ness he had suffered from their perusal. Ho had risen
from that /2a.rusal with a feeling of shame for his country,
and.not with,tho feeling of the Swedish Chaneellor,
bow little wisdom was necessary to conduct the affairs
of thq world, but at the prodigality of telly, which had
been exhibited through these negotiations.—(Hear.)
The conduct of the Government had been unjust,
improper, and calcala ed rashly;and unnecessarily to dis-
turb that harmony which ought to prevail among all the
powers of Europe. He asked them to determine
whether, any of the claims made upon the
weak power of Greece were exaggerated, and
in sans cases without foundation, and convoyed
in such a manner es to occasion their refusal; and,
although he would not apologise fir the prevarica-
tion of Grecee, yet:that prevarication found some
excuse in the imperious tone in which those claims '
were urged. The language in which claims should be
urged should be more careful and courteous whoa urging
them on a weak than on a strong power. He called
upon them fully to recognize the duty of the Govern-
ment, to secure for her Majesty's subjects residing in fo-
reign states the full protection of the laws in that state;
.but he maintained that it was the duty of every foreigner
residing in any fcreign state to obey the municipal laws
of that country. If those laws were corruptly adminis-
tered he had the right to appeal to his country's re-
presentative to see that justice were done to him
as to a citizen of the country; but no foreigner
had a right to repudiate the jurisdiction of ordinary
tribunals, and to ask for the diplomatic intervention of
his own Minister. There might be cases in despotic
countries, or in countries where the laws were
corruptly administered, in which the subjeot had
the right to demand the protection of his Minister, not
against the law but against those who corrupted the law.
It was necessary to consider the peculiar circumstances
of Greece. It was a kingdom of only 14 years standing,
was a constitutional kingdom cf much less standing.
It was also under the joint protection of England,
France, and Russia, who had guaranteed its independ-
ence, and it was under pecuniary obligations to all
of them, which unfortunately gave them the right,
the fatal right of intervening in its internal affairs,
an intervention most fatal to the interests of Greece,
when a great part of the population was in a state of
anarchy, and unfortunately the representatives of the
other powers had each been engaged in caballing
to secure the preponderance there of English, the
French, and the other of Russian influence, rather
than in securing the stability of the Greek Government.
Since' the time of Coletti, French influence had predo-
minated, and Sir Edward Lyons was led to consider
the Greek Ministers rather as French agents, whom
it was his duty to circumvent, rather than as
Ministers of the Greek King, and the consequence
was, that the Government was not inclined to
regard with favour claims urged by Sir Edward Lyons, '
and the result was a moat irritated and irritable state of
relations with Greece. That tone of irritation was not
confined to Sir E. Lyons, but was sanctioned and adopted
by the
.Noble Lord the Secretary for Foreign Affairs ;
and he would take, as arof of that, certain portions
of the correspondence.
alll the persons whose claims
• had been enforced, Mr. appeared to be the only
one of perfectly respectallsnleay.c erecter. There was
among the claimants one Ste who was
arrested on a charge of burglary;lnaStennicalonatepblaisined to the
consul that he had beefi trte,h
and the consul had
forwarded
had the
ord peeretitiodn t
Sir Edward Lyons, stating
but that he had a
that the matter ttoobe
the
equired into,
ppealed
in behalf of this victim of official braru°tnar
Sir E. Lyons remits this petition to the Foreign Secre-
tary who instructed. him to demand upon this Petition,
unsupported
by evidence, that the police who had
guilty
of the outrage should be dismissed, and thatb °peen_
cnniary compensation should be made to Storoulachi This
was before itquiry was made and the evidence was exceed-
ingly contradictory, and it appeared doubtful whether
theaccount of this lorian subject were true or not. The
local officers might, have been punished by duo course of
law. The trial took place, the police were acquitted, and
it was said that no torture bad taken place. One would
have thought this would have been a staggerer for the Se-
cretary of State fur Foreign Affairs,
did not satisfy , him. The Noble Lord had
declared the trial unsatisfactory, and demands
reparation, whereupon M. Colletti transmits a note,
that the lawyers of Greece determine that there. is
no reason ter further inquiries, and that
subject dropped. This was not calculated to raise the
represents:lye of the Foreign office in the eyes of the
Greek Government. He would now proceed to the
claims which had been urged on the Greek Govern—
ment, and there was only one of these cases
in which he thought that reparation ought not
only to have been demanded, but to have been promptly
enforced—he meant the iesult to the boat's crow of any
• of her Majesty's Ships at Patras--but even this outrage
was not without its excuse.

(LEFT SPEAKING.)

SUMMER CIRCUITS FOR 1850.

On Saturday the Judges appointed to hold the ensu-
ing Summer Assizes throughout England and Wales
signed the precepts, and finally appointed the days for
holding such assiz•2s. Some of the circuits have already
been notified,,hutwe are now cnabled to givo a complete

Colonel SIBTIIOIIP wished to know when the
miscellaneous estimates would be taken.
Lurd J. RUSSELL said the Government intended, on
Friday next, the 21st, to take the miscellaneous esti-
mates, and to proceed with supply or stamps on Monday.
COURT' OF CHANCERY AND ADDRESSES TO
HER MAJESTY.

Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that he meant to make
his statement relative to the Court of Chancery on the
4th of July; and he.also wished to make another state-
ment, upon which he should not at present found
any motion. It was in relation to an altera-
tion which he thought it was desirable should
be made in the orders of the House resf ect-
ing addresses to iho Crown. There was this
difference between addresses and a resolution, that
if the House carried a resolution which might
be in oppo,ition to the spirit of the majority of
the House, it was possible for it to reverse that on
a subsequent occasion, but in the case of.
addresses to her Majesty, it was generally the custom
for them to be carried up to her Majesty,
and it became necessary fur the advisers of the Crown
to advise her Majesty on the course to be pursued. It
they advised her Majesty not to comply with the address,
there would be some fear lest this should lead to a breach
between the Crown and the House of Commons. He
thought it would be better if the orders of the House were
altered so as to assimilate all addresses to the address
which was moved to her Majesty on the occasion of the
speech from the Crown.
LORD LIEUTENANCY ABOLITION (IRELAND)
BILL—ADJOURNED DEBATE.

list of them as follows :
MIDLAND.—Judges, the Lord Chief Justice Sir
Thomas Wilde and Mr. Baron Platt—Oakham, Satur-
day, July, 13; Northampton, same day; Lincoln and
city, Wednesday, July 17; Nottingham andtown, Tues-
day, July 23; Derby, Thursday, July 25; Leicester
and borough, Tuesday, July 30; Coventry, Fr.day,
August 2; Warwick, Saturday, August 3. On this
circuit it is proper to mention that in the place of
Mr. Lowndes, who held the appointment of clerk of the
asLize for half a century, Lord Campbell, who went the
last circuit on his elevation as Chief Justice of the
Queen's Bench, Itqs in the most handsome manner, to
the satisfaction of the members cf the circuit, eppointcd
Mr. Collison ho acted as eeptity for twenty-five years),
clerk of the assize, rendered vacant by the demise of
Mr. Lourdes.

OsFonn.—Judges, Lord Campbell and Mr. Justice
Williams.—Abingdon, Wednesday, .1 ely 10; Oxford,
Saturday, July 13; Worcester and City, Wednesday,
July 17; Stafford, Saturday, July 20; Snrewsbury, Sa-
turday, July 27; Hertford, Wednesday, July 31; Mon-
mouth, Saturday, Angus:, 3; Gloucett'_,r and City,
Wednesday, August 7.
NonTntax,—Judges, Mr. Justice Wightman, and Mr.

Justice Creftwell—tnrk and City, Wednesday, July 10;
Durham, Wednesday, July 24; Newcastle and Town,
Monday, July 29; Carlisle, Thursday, August 1; Ap-
pleby, Monday, August 5 ; Lancaster, Wednesday,
August 7; Liverpool, Saturday, August 10.
WESTERN.—Judgce, Mr. Justice Coleridge and Mr.
Justice Talfourd—Devlz-s, Wedresday, July 10; Win-
chester, Saturday, July -13; Dorchester, Friday, July
19; Bodmin' Thursday, July 25; Exeter and City,
Wednesday, July 31; Wells, Wednesday, August 7;
Bristol, Tuesday, August 13.
NORFOLIC.—Judges, 'gr. Baron Alderson and Mr.
Justice ratteson.—Aylesbury, Saturday, July 13 ; Bed-
ford, Tuesday, July 16 ; Huntingdon. Thursday, July
18;.C1mbridge; Saturday, July 20; Norwich and City,
Saturday, July. 27; Ipswich, Friday, August 2.
HONE.—Judges, The Lord Chief Baron (Sir F.
Pollock) and Mr. Justice Erle.--Hertford, Wednesday,
July 10; Chelmsford, Monday, July,ls; Lewes, Monday,
July 22 ; Maidstone, Monday, July 29 ; Guildford,
Monday, August 5.

NORTH WALES AND CHESTER.—Judge, Mr. Baron
Rolfe.—Newtowr, Tuesday, July 16; Dolgally, Friday,
July 19; Caernarvon, Tuesday, July 23; Beautuaris,
Thursday, July 25; Ruthin, Monday, July 29 ; Mold,
Friday, August 1; Chest3r and City, Monday, August 5.
SOUTH WALES AND CHESTER —Judge, Mr. Baron
Parke. who will join Mr. Baron Rohe, at Chester.—
Cartiiff, Tuesday-, July 9; Carmarthen, Saturday, July
13; Haverfordwest and Town, Friday, July 19; Cardi-
gan, Tuesday, July 23; Brecon, Friday, July 26; Pres-
t.ign, NVeducsdiy, July 31; Chester and City, Monday,
August 5.
VACATION JUDGE.—Mr. Justice Mania will remain in
town as the vaw.tion judge.

ABETTORS OF SUNDAY FANATICISM

In viewing the present Sunday agitation we have
really more patience with the fanatics than with those
who are giving them a negative support. The for-
mer have a sort of rough unenlightened sincerity in
their constitution—the latter are moral cowards, who
follow the

" Video meliora proboque—deteriora sequor,"
in the belief that the bold exertions of more honest
men will save them, from the consequences of their
dishonest compliances. The late vote in Parliament,
with other symptoms, may possibly give them timely
warning that they are in error; but should any pre-
posterous measures be actually carried, it will at least
ke some little grain of satisfaction that theke mea will
suffer for their selfish laxity.
In Edinburgh one of the Sunday deliveries of
letters has been stopped ; and this, to the majority of
the inhabitants, is equivalent to the stoppage of both,
as it was the oniy delivery which brought many
applicants. It includes the whole Saturday's corres-
pondence from London and other places in the
south, together with the afternoon newspapers.
Saturday, towards the conclusion of the day, when
the week's business and anxiety are over, is precisely
the time when people are disposed to write friendly or
domestic letters ; but the Londoner bas now lost his
inducement to address his friend or relative in Edin-
burgh, because the letter will not reach him in the
quiet of a Sunday afternoon, but will be mixed up
with the bustle of re-begun business on Monday
morning.
Now, this "reform," which we do not think at ail
creditable to its authors, has not been conceded in
conformity with the wishes of a majority, or even a
decent minority, of the people of Edinburgh. A
few individuals, it is true, may have made
themselves conspicuous by proclaiming in the
market-place that they never "sent far their letters on
the Sabbath," though sometimes they might re-
quest a friend to ask for them along with his
own. But instead of the privilege being generally
abjured, the current complaint was against the enor-
mous crowd which attended the Sunday afternoon
delivery. Yet unhappily, in the late thundering out-
cries against any, even the most moderate, post-office
and railway accommodation on Sunday, the people
who use and wish to continue the use of such facili,
ties remained silent, or rather encouraged than op-
posed the movement. There was but one voice raised
to tell how the country really felt, and that was the
voice of our gallant, honest, and able contemporary,
the Scotsman.

Mr. ANST.EY resumed the rdjourned debate on the
second reading of this Bill. He said he objectA to so
much of this Bill as related to the appointment of a
fourth Secretary of State. He mist say, unless he re-
ceived from some member of the Government another
interpretation of the Noble Lord's words at the head
of the Government, used on the last ocea,icn, he
(Mr. Anstey) should Le obliged to give his vote against
the second reading of the 11;ll and oppose it until its last-
stage. The first two achedult s in the Bill proposed to
give the powers therein enumerated, and which were at
present executed by the Lord Lieutenant, to the Privy
Council of Ireland alone. The second schedule
proposed to give such powers as were specified
in it for three years, on condition that the
recommendation of the Privy Council of Ireland
should be first obtained. He made no man-or of objec-
tion to those two first schedules. He thought the Privy
Council of Ireland, like that'of England, was very pro-
perly chargeable with the functions of the State, and
therefore with such of them as were specified in the
second schedule to this Bill. But in the last schedule
(schedule C) he found that the powers conferred
by no less than 27 Acts of Parliament, some
of them Irish Acts, and all of them local
Acts, particularly applicable to Ireland, were
by that schedule, and clause 11 of the Bill taken away
from the Privy Council of Ireland altogether, and vested
in the hands of one of the existing Secretaries of State,
or of the now Secretary of State to be appointed by this
Bill. Those who were acquainted with those statutes,
and with the enormous powers which were by them
vested in the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, with or with-
out the Privy Council of Ireland, whether they were
friendly or hostile to the principle of the first part of the
Bill, which related to the abolition of the Viceroyalty it-
self, would not be prepared to agree to the principle of
the second object of the Bill, commencing at clause 11.
Thi▪ s Bill would transfer the power, which the Act of
Uni▪
on had conferred on the Irish Privy Council, to the
hands of the Home Secretary. - He anticipated that
when this Bill came into Committee they would
have - a long debate, well contested on all sides.
Every Member of that House, unless he was
prepared to consign every species of power to that
devouring monster, centralization, must record his vote
against
this Bill. Every species of influence of every
conceivable kind was to be transferred to the hands of a
secretary in England ; whether it were in matters
relating to tl.e public health, in the management
of
.the constabulary force, everthing Was to
Paa through
prisons were under th
thing was more important
hands of this official. No-
who had thee
a country. Now in Ireland the
prison discipline in than a good system of
management of the Lord-Lieute-
pow% eur to make byo laws for
nant,
their government, as•
tehe as. to provide for the
religious instruction ea
and this im-
;plac,ed at. the
portant prerogative was tointa
un'ettered discretion of a Secretta3etes
iteatteall he had to
country.—(Hear.) But that hagary of State m this
cocoplain of; the Secretary et
might) stop
all the foreign ccmmerce of Ireland este.-
blishiug quarantine regulations at every
Passing from the health and prisons departmentsyporn
he
found that this Bill gave power to the English Secretary
of State to change the places at which assizes and quarter
sessions :lota be held; and the police force, which was
little inferior to a standing army, either in its training
or numbers, was now placed at the sole disposal of one
Minister. The appointment, too, of the Commissioners
of valuation of land was taken by this Bill from the
.
hands cf the Lord-Lieutenant council, to be placed
in the hands of a Secretary sitting in London; thus
giving a single official power over the whole scheme of
Irish taxetion. Every official too was removable at
pleasure from the highest to the lowest, and
then the whole machinery of Irish local govern-
ment was p:aced in the hands of a London official.
He agreed that the Vic,-Royalty was an idle pageant.
Ills Hon. and Learned Friend the Member for.Sheffidd
thought the Lord Lieutenancy would be substatuuld by
municipal action in Ireland; but every ono acquainted
with
municipal institutions in Ireland knew how
weak their
action was. Every step which the

In Scotland, as elsewhere, the Sabbatarians are a
minority ; but they are loud, boisterous, unscrupulous,
and malignant. Moral cowards are afraid of such a
party, just as timid gentlemen slink away alarmed
from the boisterous ata fair, and well-dressed indivi-
duals circuitously avoid the streets where they are liable
to be pelted with mud. But the timid class will find it in
the end to their cost if the desert the arena where help
is wanted for the pretension of honour and honesty.
The time is come when they must speak out and de
fend themselves, or thejr will be swept before the
general torrent of fanaticism. We know that many
of them will be less able to put up with this, than
the men who have boldly and honestly avowed their
opinions on the proper line of Sunday duties and
relaxations. Many of them are possibly restrained
by a sort of guilty consciousness that they are not
over -clean. Their own social and religious practice
may not be well adapted for scrutiny, and they may
consider silence, or a little open applause of the
fanatics, to be their safest policy. It would to
no unmeet punishment fur such persons to
be subject to domiciliary visitatiocs, exacted
attendance at church, and other stringent rules of old
Puritanism. But in the mean time it is a lamentable
evil, and a great discouragement of all moral and re-
ligious honesty, that they should allow their large
number to b:1 counted off on the side of their spititual
tyrants—not voting themselves, but putting 23 it w ere
their proxies into such hands.
We shall not cease to repeat our warnings on this
subject. The time has now come when honest, mo-
derate, religious men ought to feel bound to take
their position, and say what they really hold to
be the true principle, with reference to the character
of the population among whom they live, applicable
to the observance of the first day of the week. It
is a matter on which there must be a right and a
wrong. If sensible men do not resolve upon their
own course, they must in the mean time be hurried
on by that of the extreme fanatics. But the latter
movement will not long remain without an antago-
nist, and, we may depend on it, one of an irreli-
gious, unsocial, demoralising tendency. The reac-
tive influence of the old Puritanical Sabbatarianistu
drove Archbishop Williams to have Midsummer
Night's Dream performed in his palace on Sunday,
that he might show his scorn of the innovators, who
were actually charged by the High Church party
with an attempt covertly to undermine Christianity
and introduce Judaism.
Already there are syrrptons of some such mis-
chievous antagonism in this country ; but, in the
mean time, let not those who countenance and en-

(LEFT SPEARING.)

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
The FPEAKER took the Chair a few minutes before
Four o'el:ck.

PRIVATE BILLS.
The Lords' amendments to the following private Bills
were considered and agreed to:—
Childwatt Waterworks.
Loudon and Blackwall Railway.
Waterford and Limerick Railway.
The following Bills r ero read a third time and
passed :
Borough of Salford Waterworks and Improvement.
Great Central Gas Consumers' Company (No. 2).
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway.

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 17, 1850.

courage the fanatics flatter themselves with the notion
of securing their gratitude and support. What sort
of gratitude and support has Mr. Rowland Hill
been enjoy inn ? The more he yields, the more will
they Charge him with black and wicked designs,
which, by the blessing of the Deity, they have frui-
trated. These men are the mouthpieces of the Al
mighty. They dictate his will. They are the saints
who are to inherit the earth and rule all things. Is
it for them, forsooth, to express gratitude to poor
human self-seekers, reluctantly giving way on one or
two points where they should humbly obey above all
things." Preposterous 1 It would have been as rea-
sonable to have expected the Emperor of China to
extend gratitude and support to Commissioner Elliot
for giving up the opium stores.—Examiner.

THE SALE OF BEER.
In London no less than at Munich the grave attention
of the Legislature has been recently drawn to the im-
pel tint subject of beer, nor will we do our readers the
injustice to conceive that they can be indifferent to
aught concerning the manufacture, maintenance, and
supply of this highly national and invigorating beverage.
Some twenty years ago William, our Kin", sanctioned
an Act so favourably intended towards the consumers
of malt Uglier, that he was extolled as having practically
taken off the tax thereon, and thus entitled himself to
the gratitude of Britons for to come. The actual
operation of the law consisted, as we need hardly say,
in extending licences for the sale of beer to parties who
could never have aspired, under the old regime of corpo-
rations and quarter sessions, to the dignified vocation of
master publicans, but who, by the simple process of the
new registration, were enabled to start in this attractive
tine of business, and to offer to all their friends and
supporters the privilege of being drunk on their
the famous refer= of King William's
premises. such was the measure which inaugu-
ratedreign ; and it is now, in the twentieth year
of its operation, that a Committee of the Lords have
reported upon its diScoverable effects as regards the con-
dition of the beershops, the murals of the population,
and the quality of the article ordinarily supplied. As
may reauily be supposed, shops multiplied rapidly in a
trade requiring such nic,derats- capital, possessing such
intrinsic allurements, and eealiDg with a commodity in
such steady demand. But the Hew beerhowes soon cc-
spired a peculiar charaCter and position relatively to the
old inn or " public." A lower rating was required for
the house ,to be licensed, and a lower qualification as
regarded property
or interest he the applicant for the
title. These provisions were intended to render the
beerseller more independent of municipal and mercantile
favours than the ri gular publican, and perhaps they had
this effect, but they also called into being an entirely new
c'ass of dealers. Tee beershop could not, it is true, supply
spirits, at least not openly ; but it stippliedwhat wouki pro-
duce intoxication, and many witnesses testified to the fact
that in nine cases out of ten the frequenters of these
establishments were attracted less by liquor than
by the company or other incidental seductions of
the recdi zruus. Ia these points the betrhouscs soon
shot shelve They furnished skittle-ground!, bageeelle •
tables, and t;, ra;eoes,
and, what Wag more, tne:r society
eas conveniently exclusive. The old public-house was
the resort cf trarellers and visitors of all ranks, as chance
might bring about, but in the beershop the labourer sel-
dom met any but those of his own claw, from his owu
neighbeinhood, and was not liable, therefore, to surprise
or detection in a mon eat of idleness or excess. More-
over, the house had a kind of private look about it, and
a companion might be induced to enter it with less dial-
cllly than a more profasted place of entertainment.
Tee result of all these circumstances has been the nsul-

tiplicatien of bt ershops to an extent not always justifiable
by the natural wants of the local population. Instead
of being
simply houses of refreshment brought closer to
the doors of the working man, they are often placas
of meeting for the dissolute and ill-disposed, and have
sometimes been found in districts where no legiti-
mate trade could possibly support them. As much,
however, may of course be said of public-houies.
Touching the quality of the beer thus consumed in
such enormous quantifes we regret to say the evidence
is anything but favourable. Indeed," we confess to some
unpleasant misgivings on this subject in general. It is
cur impression that tie beer generally procurable
throughout the kingdom by ordinary csrisumers is mate-
rially worse than in past genet aliens, as far as we can
judge by tradition. M. Ledru Rollin has not, we bslievo.
noticed the fact in his "Sketch of England's Diane,"
though it would have carried considerably more weight
than many of his demonstrations, but we suspect there is
little doubt in the ease. Of course, good beer is still to
be had by iainstakieg and inquiry, but we allude to that
general standard of our national beverege which affects
the mass of consumers. Among the wealthier classes
beer has been mudh superseded by light wines, and in the
middle ranks the iniquitous compeund termed "bitter
beer" bids fair to drive out the old British drink as
completely as the Hanoverian rat exterminated that in-
digenous breed which is now only visible in the Isle of
Portland. The hopes of England might still, in exem-
plification of Mr. Distash's theory, have found a retreat
amongst her peasantry, but the report informs us that
in this qua: ter the deterioration of the produce
is greater than ever. It appears, indeed, V) have
been generally imagirel that an interior as title
was brewed expressly for the beershops, as likely
to bo satisfied with a quality lower than that
maintained by regular public-houses. This was denied
by professional witnesses, but it seems evident that the
supply of beershops, as distinguish( d from the old inns,
is confined in the main, to a certain class of brewers,
and that many of the large houses have no part in it. In
fact there is a kind of rivalry subsisting between the
new establishment and the old. The point, however, is
one on which householi experience will enable so many
readers to jtete for themselves that we subjoin the re-
quisite particula s. The beer is usually supplied to
these shops in 36-gallon barrels, each of which has con-
sumed from 34 to 4 bushels of malt and 2:b. of hops,
and is purchased from the brewer at prices ranging from
30s. to 38s. It is retailed at 3d. or 4J. a p6', if bought
and carried off across the counter, but .no less than 50
per cent. is charged if the consumption is effected on the
premiees. Altogether, tiking the price of a barrel de-
livered from the brewery at 365., it is computed that its
prime cost to the brewer was about 315,, and that the
odd ss. represents his particular profit. The gross pro-
duce of its retail sale would be about 605., or a little
more, so that the total profit upon the article is
very nearly 100 par cent., cf which a large
share goes apparently to the retail dealer. A sale of
two barrels a-week, it was deposed, would make a beer-
shop a remunerative concern. The most' successful
speculator in this line was included among the witnesses
examined. He began business in 1832 with a capital of
one shilling, his first barrel being unpaid for at the time
he tapped it; and in 1849 he was summoned before the
Peers of England to enlighten the Legislature by his
successful experience. " I stand," said he, "most pre-
eminent in the beer trade." He was " doing," iu fact,
some 60 barrels a month, and his son was as fortunate
as himself. He never allowed swearing or smoking, and
drove a ready-motley trade, with occasional indulgences
to a neighbour, clearing all scores with his brewers
every 28 days. Of Father Mathew and his doings he
spoke not lovingly, and with some remarkable conclu-
sions. "I think," ho obs.ervel, " that since I came to
London there has been more drinking than previously;
there is a good deal of nonseuse about his preaching;
temperance is good, but teetotalism is a great evil to the
constitution; temperate people trill drink a great deal of
beer; beer is very strengthening." It was clearly the
design of the witness to impress upon their Lordships
that every man's duty was to take a modest quart
over his counter, and consume it, without profane
language or tobacco. In conclusion, •this Overstone
of humble life communicated to his august hearers the
approaching reward of his industry and msrit. "I am
going to leave off business next year. I shall have five
shillings a-day coming in independent'; and I mean to
live in a little cottage in the country where there are no
ill-conducted beerhouses." We fear, however, that Mr.
Bench's testimony and example are not sufficient to re-
deem the scandal contracted by his less scrupulous bre-
thren. It is clearly established, and indeed it scarcely
needed such demonstration, that the scheme of creating
A class of houses which should supply wholesome beer,
and yet be free from the drawbacks of public-houses,
has not been realised. Beershops are certainly not
better conducted places than inns ; it seems probable
that they are much worse. The recommendations of
their Lordships' report appeared in our columns on Sa-
turday, and are nut likely to have escaped the reader's
notice. Still, in any legislation upon this subject, it
must be recollected that: there are many witnesses not
likely to judge or speak of beershops with any particular
favour. Their establishment was a proclamation of free
trade, which broke down a monopoly Jong enjoyed and
oppressively used. We will not ascribe the present
complaints to ProteCtiOnist reaction, but we trust that in
any
revision of these memorable Acts the original spirit
of King
William's advisers may be preserved unimpaired.
—7'imes.

fence.

d. done op- di
—Ditto,
It:: an2td
RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
LIVERPOOL, JUNE 15,
dis. London and North-
Western, EXCKANGE.—There was a fair amount of business
is
psribcaesrews,erel%firm. The transactions were
as follow :—Lancashire and Yorkshire, Consol. Fifth:, 9 9-16
Western, 110—Ditto New Quarters, 11-16 p.—Ditto, Fifths, 1
p.— Midland, 33—Ditto, Halves, 26 dis.—South-Eastern
3.
and Dover, 15—Ditto, Consul.: (No 3),ls—Ditto (No. 4),
Thirds, 53 c. —North Union (B), 16534.
MANCHESTER, JUNE 15.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—TIaere was a good business doing
to-day, but prices were on the decline. The transactions
were as follow:—Lancashire and Yorkshire ( West Riding
Union), 81/3 dis.—Preston and Wyre, Halves (A), 6% p.....
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 19 dis.—
London and North-Western New Quarters, % p.--Man.
cheater, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 15 1346—Ditto Pre-
ference, 7 15-16—North Staffordshire, 1014 dis.—York, New-
castle, and Berwick, F. 14 dis.
YORK, JUNE 14.
Brom( EXCHANGE.—The transactions to-day were as
follow:--Great Northern, 103A—York and North Midland,
17%.

A BAR JOKR.—A facetious young lady who does
reparteea
the amiable to the frequenters of the bar of an hotel in
Liverpool, astonished her admirers, the'other day, by the fol-
lowing
-ol‘liss—, Which would you prefer?"
" Why, of course," she replied,
n Exet :e —r'‘an d We a 110,
Gorki am,
a go 0 rum !"
FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM.— Yesterday their Royal
Highnesses the Duke of Cambridge and Prince George of
Cambridge attended the anniversary at the Female Orphan
Asylum, Lambeth.. -Prayers were read by the Rev. Mr.
Cattley, the chaplain, and the sermon was preached by the
Venerable the Master of the Temple. A hundred ani sizzty
orphan girls joined in the singing and responses; and their
Royal Highnesses manifested the greatest interest in the re-
sult of the recent election, last Monday, of 15 orphan chil-
dren, when out of 29 candidates, the, 15 successful compe-
. titers polled more than 29,000 votes. The collection
amounted to 581.

The RECORDER said, the subject was most serious
and required attention, but he could not judicially
know that there were but three counsel of the court. If
at any future time the matter came judicially under his
notice, he should be bound either to represent it for re-
consideration, or to take steps to remedy any evil that
might arise in the court itself.
The question, which has marl° a great stir amongst
the members of the tar, was then ordered to stand over
until the next court sitting.

ADMIRALTY COURT, June 15.
(Before Dr. LUSHINGTON.)
THE EUROPA-COLLISION.
The parties proceeding in this suit are the master and
owners of the barque Charles Bartlett. of 450 tons, and
they go against the steamer Europa, which ran down
their vessel in the Atlantic ocean on the 27th June last

year, It was alleged that the Charles Bartlett left Lon-
don laden with iron, lead, and a general cargo, on the
12th June, 1849, and with one cabin and 162 steerage
passengers on ,board, bound to New York. Upon the
master taking an observation at noon on the day of the
collision, he found himself in latitude 56 48 north, and
by computation longitude 29 west in the same parallel,
and about 700 miles westward of Cipe Clear. 'Shortly
after this obiervatiou was taken, the wicd b. ing W. and

by S., a dense fog set in; the T4'ssel at the time- heading
N.W. by W., close hauled on the larboard tack, carrying
all her sails with the exception of studding sails, main
spencer, and fore-royal. The vessel was alleged to be well
under command, and going at the rate of from f and
a half to five knots an hour, when, at three o'clock in
the afternoon, the fog still continuing, the order was
given t i keep a strict look out, all work was sus-
pended, and the watch was assisted by some of the
passengers on board. The master, who had taken up
his station close to the helmsman, about half-past three
o'clock, heard a rumbling noise to windward, something
like distant thunder, and at the same moment the man
at the wheel, observing an 'object to windward about
400 yards distant called out " tail ho." The
master immediately ordered the helm to be put hard up;
the bell to be rung; and hailed the stranger to port her
helm; the barque had fallen off a point and a half; but
the other ves:el, which proved to be the Europa
steamer, of 1,600 toes, with engines of 600 horse power,
going at the rate of 12 knots au hour at the time, first
starboarded her helm, and then put her to port, in conse-
quence of which proceeding it was alleged, and from her
not stopping berengines, she came stem on into the barque,
sinking her almost immediately, whereby 136 of the
people on board were unfortunatsly drowned. The col-
lision was attributed by the Charles Bartlett to the Eu-
ropa, for pot keeping a good look out, and going at an
unjustifiable rate of speed. In reply it was alleged by
the owners oft the Europa that she was on her voyage
from Halifax to Liverpool, conveying the mails between
North America and this country, and when the Charles
Bartlett was reported, on the ofternoon in question, the
weather being thick, she was within two hundred
yards of the steamer ; the look-out man immediately
ordered the helm to be starboarded, but in the same
brea'h, making out the course of the barque, he
called out " Port," and " Hard a port," which order
was instantly obeyed ; at the same time, the engineer,
hearing the order to port, anticipated the order to
stop the engines, the cons( quence cf which was that
the' steamer came up to the wind, but not in time to
prevent the collision. .They alleged the Charles Bart-
lett was going throught the fog at the rate of from
five to six knots an hour, having all possib:o sail set,
and she neglected to take the precautions usual with ves-
sel; proceeding through the f .eg with all sails, namely,
the blowing of the fog horns, firing guns, and ringing
They contended it was, therefore, impossible to
be awaro ot the approach of the Charles Bartlett, which
made no noise in going 'through the water sufficiently
loud to be heard on board a etc amer with its engines
working, and auhmitted that if the Europa slackened
spiel whenever she encouetsred fog, she would be fre-
quently detained for weeks, as fogs sometimes lasted a
great length of time. They attributed the collision
either to accident, or to the misconduct of those on
board the Charles Bartley.
The Queen's Advocate and Dr. Twiss appeared for
the owners of the Charles Bartlett ; and Dr. Addams
and Dr. Harding for the Europe.
The Learned JIIDGF: addressed the Trinity Masters.
It was a task of great difficulty to extract the fewer ains
of truth from the mess cf evidence, and he (Dr. Lash-
ington) must say he greatly regretted the way in which
the matter had been conducted. These cases were now
becoming very numerous, and it was to the interest cf
the mercantile world and the owners of ships that they
should be deeided promptly and with as little expense as
possible; but if the exemple set in the conduct of this
suit were followed out on future eccatiens, the proceed-
ings of that court, instead of tending to the due stile
ministration of justice, would be a disgrace to it.
The object of the inquiry was this--ahether the Europe,
in sailing throug,h such a dense fog at the rate of twelve
and a half knots an hour, and in the locality specified,
there was not a probability of her falling in with veoels,
or of such a collision taking place. If the Trinity Masters
thought there was any reasonable probability of her
meeting other ships, then, beyond all doubt, the Europa
would be held to blame. Another question for their
consideration would be, whether the Europe, supposing
she might safely navigate the Atlantic through the
track in question, and at the rate she was going
in a dense fog, adopted reson ible precaution that
would be sufficient to avert danger to the lives and pro-
perty of others. One cf the most important questions
was whether she kept a sufficient look-aut. He would
also request their attention as to whether there was or
not a sufficient and proper a-rangernent with regard to the
Europa's engines, which point was one of great import-
ance. The Trinity Masters would have to consider
next, wheter there ought to have been, under these
circumstance!, any person stationed to report the
orders which might have been given on deck, and
transmitted to the engine-room, for the purpose of
having those orders executed with due celerity. There
appeared to have been nobody on deck for that pur-
pose. They would also be Veesed to say whether a
man ought or ought not, under these circumstances, to
have been placed in the wheelhouse, and whether the
order to starboard did or did not produce any effect
whatever on the vessel. With regard to the case of the
Charles Bartlett, he would ask the Trinity Masters
whether they thought she was carrying too much sail,
or had not a sufficiently good 100k-out; or, above all,
whether she was bound to have sounded a fog horn, or
rang a bell under the circumstances; or lastly, whether
she was to blame for any other neglect of an unskilful or
unsearna.nlike nature?
The Learned JUDGE then retired, to confer with the
gentlemen by whom he was assisted. Upon his return
into Court he said, that in conjunction with the Trinity
Masters he had considered all the points in this case
which it was thought necessary to determine, and he
trusted there had been no omission as to any one of them.
They had unanimously arrived at the following deter-
mination, namely, that the rate of sailing among steamers
could not be absolutely fixed, but must depend on the
state of the weather, the nature of the locality, and
the peculiar circumstances of each individual case;
-that the rate of. 12i knots in a dense fog in some
localities must be attended with more risk than a slower
pace, but, assuming it might be accomplished with
reasonable security, such a rate of going would only be
justified by their taking all proper precautions against
the deuce of a collision; that proper precautions were
not taken by the Europa in the present instance, there
being no sufficient look-out on board, or proper arrange-
ment made with regard to f. or engines; that there was
not a second man in the wheelhouse; anti that the order
to starboard was erroneous. Had due precaution been
taken the collision would not have occurred, and the
Europa was entirely to blame; the Charles Bartlett hav-
ing kept agood look out, and adopted all possible means to
avoid the collision. The steamer, therefore, was pro-
nounced against.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
ItiANSION-HOUSE.

Mr. Dimes, of Bread street, solicitor, was summoned
before Alderman GIBBS, to show cause vvhy the sum of
2d. due for postage having been refused to be paid h;
him, a warrant of distress should not be granted fir the
recovery of that amount, pursuant to the directions of
the statute.

Mr. Peacock, the solicitor to the Post-office, attended
for the prosecution; in the absence of Mr. Dimes from
illness, his clerk, Mr. Steinberg, attended for the de-

The Solicitor to the Post. office stated that the pro.-
ceedings had been instituted is coesepence of the re-
fusal cf the defendaut to pay the sum of 2d., the postage
of a letter addressed to Mr. Dimes upon which had been
a penny stamp, the letter haiing weighed more than
half an ounce, and been, therefore, liable to the double
charge, according to the 60th section of the Act.
Mr. Steinberg said it was never supposed by Mr.
Dimes that the Post-office authorities would b- guilty of
the meanness of proceeding to such an extremity for the
payment of 2d. for the delivery of a mere printed cir-
cular directed to him, and rejected according to custom
as to letters of the kind, which no person was obliged to
take in. It would appear as if the Post-office had be.on
influenced in the ease by a litigious spirit, which deserved
condemnation.
Alderman GIBBS—The object of the Post•office ap-
pears to be to show the principle to which it is cell.
sidered necessary to adhere. I have been charged
double postage on similar occasions, and I never hesi-
tated to pay.
Mr. Peacock—The amount is c artainly small; but the
principle involve 3 the very existence a the establish-
ment ; for if parties to whom letters were directed
opened and read the contents, and then said they would
not take them in, whence was the Post-office revenue to
come? There are about 300.000 letters daily delivered
in London; and if the public had a right to read
these letters before they decided as to paying the
postage, the letter-carriers must wait their decision,
and thus the business ef a single* day would occupy
a whole week at least. This very &rcular has been sent
to me, as well as to many others, stud no doubt the se-
cretary to the charity to which it alludes supposed the
weight was within the half ounce. If the first merchant
in London had refused to pay under the circumstances,
he would have been made responsible. If any one to
whom a letter is directed opens it, lie must pay the
postage; that is the principle. The opening of a letter
is the act of ownership; and if it were left to the option
of the public to pay or t) rethse, there would be no pos-
sibility of carrying on the establishment at all.
Alderman limns—Certainly there would not. My
decision is that the postage mu,t lis• paid
-
Mr. Steinberg—Does l'esteofflue intend to inflict
costs upon Mr. Dimes in this case?
24r. Peacock-4 do not apply for any cost
sexceeding
the expenses in erred tee invei,tigzuoti here.
The amount of the
then paid.
postage-and tb e expennes, 45., was

D7s;w4tel,el silt 011 Suturtia-,+ ev'ning from
the Culouta-ollioe for am GovvP9r 91 WeA India
Colonies.