The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-24 00:00:00

N° 18 097.]
. LONDON, T y
LA A t •
tive „ 4l

DXSPU.7'.I7:33 POL3CIEO.
" A trial of considerable interest to Life Assurance Offices and the
public was concluded yesterday in the Court of Exchequer. The
Eagle Company held a policy for an assurance of 5391. in the Albion
Company as security for an advance, the payment of which policy
was now disputed by the Albion, on the ground that at the time it
was effected the fact of the assured party having been a man of in-
temperate habits was concealed from the office. The chief evidence
turtle] upon the question'as to the degree of intemperance that had
been exhibited, and the result wao, that a verdict was given against
the resisting office, not only for the arnount.of the policy, but also for
407. interest from the date When it became due. The circumstance
of the action being brought by one office against another presents a
striking illustration of the uncertainty which inay attach to all po-
licies under, the present system, and shows that the only mode by
which absolute security can be obtained by the public must lie in the
general adoption by Assurance Offices of the plan of protecting them-
selves in every case by due inquiries before the grantinf f each po-
licy, and of afterwards assuming the full responsibility ot the com-
pleteness of such inquiries by'' holding themselves precluded from
raising any future question. In the present case two offices are
found to ,be diametrically opposed In their opinions as te what can
properly invalidate a claim, and yet the public are expectel te be
able to gyare themselves against such contingences. Similar cases
have occurred before, and even if they were more rare, they would
seriously injure the progress of life assurance. The very princip
upon,which the business is founded is the removal of uncertainty,
and whenever that princlple is counteracted in the slightest degree,
the people who would be the first to resort to its advantages are the
first to be deterred."—Times, July 11, 1850.
THE LONDON
LICY INDISPUTABLE LIFE
PO COMPANY.
No. 72, LOMBARD-STREET, LONDON.
TIIITSTEES.
1. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. I James Fall Richard Spoeron Mer, Esq
E., M.
.P.
Richard Malins, Esq., Q.C. adoz, M.
Wilberforce, Esq.
=LECTORS.
Robert Henry Forman, Esq.
John llamilton, Esq.
James Fuller Madox, Esq.
John Matthews, Esq.
Octavlus Parnell, Esq.

William Adams, Esq.
JOhn Atkins, Esq.
Henry Augustus Bevan, Esq.
J. Thompson Bramwell, Esq.
Jahn Dangerfield, Esq.

AUDITORS.
George Cumming, Esq. • IJames Turner, Esq.
William D. Starling, Esq. !David Henry Stone, Esq.
SZCRETART—David Alison, Esq.
Disitessrs. Spooner, Attwoods, and Co.
PADDINGTON LOCAL BOARD.
24, Connaught-terrace, Edgeware-road.
Rev. James Sherbold Boone, A. 31 , Stanhope-street, Hyde-park.
Captain Creed, Norfolk-crescent, Oxford-square.
Charles Pemberton, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and Lin-
coln's Inn-fields.
Thomas Jervis Amos, Esq., York-street, Portman-square.
George Y. Robson, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and New-
square, Lincoln's Inn.

Secretary, Chas. Hoghton,Esq.
The POLICIES of this Company, being INDISPUTABLE, form
Family Provisions and Negotiable Securities, for their validity is not
dependent, as in the case of ordinary Policies, upon the import of
previous reports and other documents.
Owing to this important improvement in the practice of Life As-
surance, the progress of this Company has been rapid from the com-
mencement of its business, and is steadily advancing.
Copies of the Report of the last Annual Meeting will be forwarded,
on application, to Solicitors, to whom Commission is allowed.
..ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager.

OATIIOLIC ).
LAW AND GENERAL LIFE
„Assu4.4.lspE COMPANY,
8, NEW COVENTRY-STEMT, LEtCeSTER-SQUARE, LONDON.
The FOURT a ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Proprie-
tors of this Company took place on the 25th instant, at the Head
Office;at One o'clock precisely. The following is extracted from the
report, which is too lengthy for publication:—
During the past year no claims have arisen from deaths in England.
and but two in Ireland—one for 5001. and the other for 2601.—making
together 7001., which have been paid. This is far below the expected
mortality, and is especially favourable, when it is remembered how
severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last
year. •
The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1549, and
d
the 31st of ay, 1850, was more than double the nuissued
M
the twelve months preceding. .
Proposals were made for 135 Policies, amounting to 52,963/. 2s. 6d.:
of these 123, comprising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,1251. 6s.
Sixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,0487., upon which 3201. 35.
was received by the Company in the shape of premiums.
Since the commencement of the Company to the Ist of June last,
assurances were effected to the extent of 110,9727. Its 6d., pro-
.thicing in annual remiums 3,732/. I Is. 6(1. Of these 54 laed,
amounting to 23,930 p/. 165. 6d., of which the annual premiums were
7411. ls.' leaving the yearly income on the Ist of June last equal to
2,991/. 155. lid.
inee last meeting loans were applied for to the extent of 17,7001.,
but 1,1831. 1 Is. 10d. only was advanced.
The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the
last four months they had considerably extended their business on
the Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent in France, Monsieur
de I'Etang, a gentleman of high standing in Paris. distinguished for
his integrity and ability in financial and in all assurance matters,
who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris,
the Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and Monseigneur Fanjets, Eveque
she Langres, has already within the last three months effected a con•
siderab!e amount of business, not only in Life Assurances, but in An-
nuities both Immediate and Deferred.
After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning
thanks to the Right Reverend Chairman, Bishop Morris, the Vice-
Chairman, Actuary, secretary, and Medical Officers of the establis
results
h-
ment, the meeting separated, highly gratified at its pre
and future prospects.
______-------.

GE ASSURANCE
.ATION,
his Majesty George 1., A.D. 1720),
LIFE ASSURANCES.
XCHANGE, LONDON.
PALL-MALL.
)mas Tooke, Esq.
illiam Sampson, Esq.
Hon. J. T. Leslie Melville.
Trona.
Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Sir John Wm. Lubbock, Btfrt.
George Pearkes Barclay, Esq. Charles John Manning, Esq.
Edmond S. P. Calvert, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq.
John Garrett Cattley, Esq. Edward Howley Palmer, Esq.
Alexander Colvin, Esq. John Henry relly, Esq.
Abraham George Robarts, Esq.
Edward Maxwell Daniell, Esq.
William Davidson, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq.
con, Esq. 'Thomas Smith, Esq.
John Dea
Riversdale Wm. Grenfell, Esq. William Ronan, Esq.
Robert Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Soames, Esq.
William Tetlow Hibbert, Esq. Octavius Wigram, Esq.
Lancelot Holland, Esq. Charles Baring Young, Esq.
MEDICAL REFEREE-SAMUCI Say. Esq., F.R.S.
Notlee.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payment of Fire Pre-
miums talliug due at hi ichaelmas will expire on the 14th October next.
This Corporation has held of igh. position during upwards of a
Century and a Quarter, and rds unquestionable security by its
capital-stock.
Ten Thousand Pounds may be assured on one Life.
The Reversionary BONUS declared on British Participating Life
Policies has amounted on an average to rather more than 2 per
Cent. per Annum on the sum assured, or 46 per Cent. on the amount
of Premium paid ; or equivalent reductions have been made in the
Annual Premiums.
ted for securing payment of
Endowment Assurances may ba effec
a given sum on the attainment of any specified age, or upon death
if that should previously occur.
The customary Fees are allowed to medical practitioners referred
to by persons proposing Life Insurances.
ALEX. GREEN, Secretary.

OYAL EXCHA:
CORPOR
(Established by Royal Charter of
For SEA, FIRE, and
OFFICES—ROYAL E.:
BRANCH OFFICE
GOVERNOII—Tho
SUB-GOVERNOR—Wi
DEPUTY-GO.VERNOIt—The
DIIIE4

WITISI-I EMPIRE MITTU-A.L LIFE
AND FIRE ASSURANCE OFFICE
ondon S,
37, New' Bridge. street, Blackfriars, L.
Incorporated under Act 7 and 8 Vic., c. 110.
DIRECTORS OF FIRE SOCIETY-
-1 Gould, George, Esq.
LOW, James, Esq.
Miers, Thomas, Esq.
Olney, Thomas, Esq.
Wllmsburst, Joseph, Esq.

Blyth, John, Esq.
Cartwright, Richard, Esq.
Cuff, J. Harcombe, Esq.
Cuthtertson,Francis, Esq.
Freeman, G. S., Esq.

AUDITORS.
I POWtTCSS, Joseph IV., Esq.
BANKERS.
Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Trltton, and C.lO,
SOLICITORS. _ '

Latter, Robert, Esq.

Messrs. Watson and Sons.
The extraordinary success of the BRITISII EMPIRE MUTUAL
FIRE ASSURANCE SOCIETY has exceeded the highest expecta-
tions of Its fi lends.
The whole of the profits are divided among the assured members.
One-fifth of the premiums have paid all losses.
Assurances effected without trouble or unnecessary expense at the
head end provincial offices.
There are some towns in which the Directors are open for re-
spectable and efficient agents.
The BRITISII EMPIRE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
PANY is under a separate direction, though conducted on the same
principles.

WILLIAM SUTTON
SecretaryVEli,
d

THE LIVERPOOL and LONDON FIRE and
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
_NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that on the 29th instant, the
Chief Office of this Company in London will be REMOVED to Nos,
20 and 21, POULTRY.

BENJN. HENDERSON,
Resident Secretary.

3, Charlotte-row, Mansion-house.
September 3, 1850.

This Day, Third and Cheaper Edition, Is., of
EASY POETRY for CHILDREN.
Lately published,
POPULAR POEMS. Selected Ly E. Parker. Second Edition.
3s. 6d.
READINGS in
Londo P rk
OETRY. Tenth Edition.
n : John W. Pae Nest
---id.

A RGYLL SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS, Great
Windmill-street, St. James's.
Open every Evening with Laurent's celebrated and unrivalled
Band. Principal Cornet-a-piston, Mons. BOULCOURT, from Paris,
and Artiste Attaché to Mr. Strauss's Orchestra at the Baths of Vichy,
France.
The Subscribers are respectfally informed that Mr. Laurent, jun.,
having become Lessee to the above Rooms, begs to announce his in-
tention of applying to the Honourable Magistrates for a Licence to
the same Rooms, and, if granted, he w.ll ►give CONCERTS of a very
superior description, in conjunction with his Dancing Academy. Mr.
Laurent, jun., solicits the patronage of the subscribers and nobility
in this new undertaking, pledging himself strenuously to cater for
teir amusemnt, and hopes to deserve a continuance of that liberal
support whiche has hitherto been bestowed on this distinguished and
popular establishment.
Terms of Subscription:—Six months, Si. ss.
one month, IL Is.;
one evening, is.
Doors open at Half-past Eight, Dancing commences at Nine pre-
cisely, closing at Half-past

THIRTY-FIRST EDITION.
Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured ngravings on Steel
INCA-
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE
PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment; 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of th 3 generative system, from ex-
cessive Indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
ford-street, London. Published by the
San g Authors sold by Strange;
,
11, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, and er, sold
by
Stacie, 23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.
and physiology of the re-productive
PART I. treats of the anatomy
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
FART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
incapacity. Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
agt !wings.
PenT IY. contains a Remedy for the Prevention oof Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
This important part of the Work should not escape the reader's
notice.
PanT V. is devoted to the eonsideration of marriage, and its du-
ties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the
whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
THE CORDIAL Batta OF STRIACOId is exclusively employed in
treating nervous and se sisal debility, impotence, Sec., 1 ls. and 335.
per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remed7, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, I Is. and 335. per
bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s •9d., 4s. 6 and .11s.
per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and
chronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
U. A minute detail of the 'case is required: age, habits, and posi-
tion in society. 1/. rackets, with advice, to be had at the posi-
tion
only by which the fee, 1/., is saved. Messrs. rerry,
Surgeons, are in sttondanee daily at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
, itr est , London, from Eleven till TWO sad toXight ;on Su-
-1 clay, from =yen W One.

CREMORNE GARDENS,
On the Banks of the Thames at Chelzea.
Open Daily at Three o'clock.
ONE SHILLING ADMISSION.
Children, Half-price.
Sundays at Half-past Four. No charge for admission except by
Refreshment Card—Sixpence: Children under Six years of age free.
Director, Mr. T. B. Simpson, Albion, Great Russell-street, Co-
vent-garden.

THIS DAY, September 24,
In addition to t*:e usual Entertainments, a perfect repetition and re-
presentation of the Old English Sports performed before her Majesty
and Prince Albert, in celebration of the anniversary of the Birthday
of his Royal Highness Prince Alfred, at Osborne, August G. No ad-
ditional charge for admission. The Sports will commence at Four
o'clock, and conclude with a Morris Dance on the PlatforM by the
Ladies and Gentlemen of Herr Deulin's powerful Ballet Company.
First appearance of Signor Henri Zeleski, the Bottle Equilibvist.
Immense Success of Deulin's new Fairy Ballet, "The Origin of
Harlequin." New Groupings from the Antique. Dandag to
Borini's Band of Fifty Instrumentalists. Madame Antonio
will make her marvellous Ascent and Descent on the Rope amid
hurricanes of Chevalier Mortram's gorgeous Fireworks. Chattaway's
celebrated Brass Band.
THE LATE LIEUTENANT GALE. .

The Proprietors take this early opportunity ofinlimating that this
Establishment, with all its attractive resources, is placed, for one
day, at the service of the Widow and Eight Children of the late Lieu-
tenant Gale, the aeronaut, whose disastrous and lamented fate is re-
corded in the public journals. Due notice of the Benefit will be
iven, and the co-operation of friends is earnestly solicited.
In active preparation, a Grand Chinese Fete.
On Saturday, for the future, the usual entertainments will be pre-
sented, instead of the Bal al Fresco, and the usual charge for admis-
sion restored. viz., la.
NEPAULESE ARCHERY GROUND.

..01.•JA.
Ladies and gentlemen can here enjoy the health-promoting elegant
exercise of the graceful bow, with the advantage of proper instruc-
tion,-gratis l Shooting three dozen arrows before Five o'clock, Is. ;
after Five, 6d, per dozen Matches for Dinner, Wine, and a Prize
Bow are always open. Tickets, 10s. 6d. each, to be had of Mr.
Teetgen, Archery Manufactory, 164, Bishopsg,ate •street.
The Magic Cave—The Shooting Gallery—Burns's Cottage,
with Groups of Figures illustrative of his Works—Summer and
Winter in the Arctic Regions—The Maze—Statuary of the finest
Classical descriptisn—The American Giant—The Log Hut of the Ca-
lifornian Gold Diggers —.4ncient and Modern Groupings, by Duffel,
&c., &c.
Be it recollected, on Sundays, admission by Refreshment Ticket,
Sixpence.
Never were these delightful grounds in such high perfection
as at the present moment. Visitors to. London should not omit a
stroll 'neath the shade of the lofty trees and amongst the variegated
beds of flowers at Cremorne. Everything has been done to render
this magnificent place of amusement worthy the most extensive
patronage.
The attention of the French in London is particularly requested to
this metropolitan ducosse.
The grand Bowling Saloon of this establishment is open free to the
Public.
N.B. The Mammoth Sycamore, the Largest Tree in the World,
in the River Esplanade.
A Table d'Hote on Sundays at Six o'clock—Half-a-Crown.
Cremorne can be reached by road or river for 3d.
A Boat leaves Battersea-bridge every Night after the Fireworks.

LA'MERT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
AND MATURITY.-WITH 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON

STEEL.
Just published, and may be had la French or English, in a Sealed
Envelope,. 2s. 6d., or post-free, from. the Aathor, for. forty-two

Stamps,
QELF-PRESERVATION; a
Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity,
usually acquired .at an early period of life, which debilitate
die physical and mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural
feelings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical
Observations on the Treatment of Nervous Debility and Indigestion,
whether arising from these causes, close study, or the Influence of
tropical climates: Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from hulls-
action. With Forty coloured Engravings, Illustrating the
Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their structures, uses, and functions, and the various
Injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
Infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This work contains an accurate and complete account of the
Anatomy and Physiology of . the Reproductive Organs. It un-
tertunately happens that the unhappy victim of excessive indul-
gence and vicious habits, while suffering from their invariable con-
sequences, unwisely entertains a fear of applying to a qualified physi-
cian for relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but erro-
neously entertained that these complaints are beyond the reach of
art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking for assistance where
alone it can be procured. Dr. LA'MERT has taken the highest
medical honours, as his diplomas testify, and the great extent of his
practice for many years is a guarantee for his professional experi-
ence, which has reference almost solely to the treatment of these
diseases.
Published by the Author, and may he had of Kent and Richards,
ss, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Start% Tichborne-
itrect, Haymarket; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London ; or, free by post for forty-two stamps, from
the Author's Residence. 37. Redford-square London.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

CALEDONIAN.

The report of Mr. Abbatt, the auditor of this com-
pany, states that the accounts for the half-year are
correct. The revenue account, however, contains
some items of expenditure which cannot be looked
upon as a charge upon the six months' receipts ; for
instance, the expense of locomotive power and stores
embraces a perioi of 28 weeks, and therefore includes
about 3,0001. which is chargeable to a prior period;
the item of compensation and damages including a
sum of 1,500/. paid on account of an accident which
occurred about two years ago at Rockcliffe. In the
accounts for the half-year ending the 31st of De-
cember last 60,0001. was set down as money expended
in Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen plant, and 38,000/.
for DUndee and Arbroath, and Dundee and Perth
shares, in respect of which expenditure it was decided,
at the general meeting in February last, that no
demand should be made against the late board. Of
the above sums 68,0001. was paid in cash and deben-
tures, which has now been carried to the debit of the
Dundee and Perth Company, and the balance,
30,0001., being bills granted by the late beard, and
which are still over due or current, has been Cancelled,
as the present board deny the liability of the company
for this sum. The principal stores are kept at
the extensive workshops belonging to the Caledonian
Company, situate on the grounds of the Greenock
Railway Company, more than 20 miles distant from
the Caledonian line. Here several men are employed
by the company under the locomotive superintendent,
Mr. Sinclair, who also fills the same situation on the
Greenock Railway. In the present relation of the
companies it may be an important question how far
the present system of employing the same workmen
and stores for the works of both companies should be
continued. In the peculiar circumstances of the Ca-
ledonian Railway, and the great disproportion of the
number employed who are interested in economy to
those who are not interested, Mr. Abbatt is of opi-
nion that by contracting for the manufacture of the
rolling stock and the execution of the more extensive
repairs considerable saving would be effected. By
a judicious attention to excursion or pleasure traffic
during the summer months a considerable increase of
net revenue might be derived. After the payment of
the Garnkirk rent a balance of 2,822/. only is left.
There is, consequently, a deficiency to meet the gua-
ranteed claims of 64,1081. for the half-year, taking
into account 8,5001., the net earnings of the Greenock
Company, but omitting the net returns, if any,
which the Barrhead line may famish. The traffic
on the Caledonian may be affected by the completion
of the Nithsdale Railway, which will be opened next
month. But although the present revenue of the line
is maintained, or even increased to some extent, it is
evident that the amount guaranteed to the various
'lines must be modified to a considerable amount be-
fore there is a possibility of meeting the company's
engagements, and restoring its credit. It is true the
Bill introduced late last session would have reduced
the above half-yearly deficiency to 45,0291.; but the
serious objection of having repeatedly to adjust those
claims must, according to past and present experience,
swell the amount of-Parliamentary and law expenses,
and ruinously affect the already greatly damaged in-
terests of all parties.

DUNBLANE, DOUNE, AND CALLANDER.
The half-yearly meeting of this company was held
last week at Dumblane, Mr. Stirling in the chair.
After some discussion it was proposed to take pro-
ceedings under the Railway Abandonment Act,
passed in the last session of Parliament, with a view
to abandon the railway and to wind up the affairs of
the company. This proposition being approved by
the majority, a resolution to that effect was passed.
It was shown in the accounts that there was a proba-
bility of returning 235. per share to the shareholders
out of the 525. 6d. per share originally deposited.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, SEPT. 23.
STOCK EXCHANGB.—The share market was dull to-day,
and little business doing. Prices have considerably de-
clined. The transactions were as follow :—Great Western,
674 Taff Vales, Quarters, 33 ex div. Bristol and
Exeter, 67.

LIVERPOOL, SErr. 23.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The share market was dull to-day
at the quotations. The transactions were as follow :
Lancashire and Yorkshire, Consolidated, 404—Ditto, Fifths,
85-16 dis.—London and North-Western, 1104—Ditto, New
Quarters, 1% p.—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire,
1714—Midland, 39—Ditto, Halves, 23 1.16 dis.—North
British, 64—North Union (B.), 16614—North-Western,
1334 dis.—South.Eastern and Dover, 19%—Ditto, (No. 4),
Registered, 64—York, Newcastle, and Berwick (Original
N. and B.), 164—York nd North Midland, 19%—Dublin
and Belfast Junction, 28,4 die. —Dundalk and Enniskillen,
41,4—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, 15 dis. —East
Lancashire, 954—Caledonian, 8 I.l6—Lancaster and Carlisle,
Thirds, 2 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 11.
MANCHESTER, SEPT. 23.
STOCK ED:MALCOM—The share market opened heavily
to-day, but afterwards rallied, and closcd firmly. The
transactions were— Leeds, 46 4—nit to, Preference, 8 7-16
South-Eastern and Dover (N0.13),191/2—Ditto (No. 4), 6 7-16
—Sheffield, Preference' 84—London and North-Western,
New Quarters, I:r4 p,--Great Northern, 124 dis.—Midland
Stock, 38.

BIRMINGHAM, Smr. 23.
Roos EXCHANGE.—We have little change to notice in
this share market. Only a small business has been done,
and prices remain without any material deviation, the only
transaction reported being Midland (Birminglam and
Derby), 20—South Staffordshire, 3/. 16s. 3d. dis.

[ADVERTISEMENT.]—By far the Best Account of
the Four Days of the Doncaster appeared in Bell's Life in
London of September 22,in which journal races were given
to the extent of nearly six folio columns, including an En-
graving and description of the Cup.—The early publication
and country edition of Beli's Life commences at four o'clock
Saturday mornings, in time for all the Saturday morning
early post and railways. The average weekly sale of Bell's
Life accede 29,000, the price 6d, Or forty felie

CRANBROOK, KENT.

Sir,—The southern portion of Kent, lying under
the " ragstone bill," constitutes the " Weald," OT
wealden district, which runs parallel with the chalk
and green sand formations in the direction of east
and west; through the county. This district consider
of two geological divisions, the weald clay, and the
Hastings sand, and the character of the soil ane
scenery of each division differs greatly.
The weald clay district is a low and generally level
tract, resting for the most part on a yellow clay,
which
forms a strong subsoil, very retentive of water ; in
places there is a gravelly subsoil, chiefly near the.
rivers, where a deeper and alluvial soil obtains. The
natural drainage in this tract is effected by the
rivers Eden, Beult, and Medway. The width of
the weaid clay district varies from three to seven
miles. The South-Eastern Railway, which enters this
county near Edenhridge, runs directly through the
weald, and fur the great part of its length through"
the weald clay district. The soil of the weald valley
is very uniform in quality, being
heavy, cold, and
adhesive; save on the margin of streams, where the
soil resting on gravel is more naturally fertile. Every
where draining is needed. But in parts of the valley
the land lies so flat that there is great difficulty in
obtaining sufficient depth of outfall to carry off the
water. This is the case with an extensive area of
level land, the waters of which must be carried eft'
by the river Beult ; but to effect such drainage that
river requires to be deepened and improved, only to
be effected by a combination of the landowners of
the district to promote that object. A local Act of
Parliament would he necessary, but there are few
districts in which so much improvement might be
effected by creating an effective outlet for drainage as
in this district. Without it no efforts. of individual
landowners can be of much avail for the improvement
of their properties.
On the weald clay district considerable improve-
ments have been effected by road-making, for within
a period comparatively recent the leading thorough-
fares in many parishes of the valley were nearly im-
passable during the winter; and there are many per-
sons-still living who remember the time when the en-
tire district was destitute of hard roads. Now there are
few districts which possess better roads, for making
which sea-beach has been brought by the Rother
from the coast, and stone from the rag-stone hills.
The South-Eastern Railway has, however, opened
to this country the Most effective facilities of trans-
port, and the improvements which have thereby
resulted are very numerous, and are extending.
'1 he Hastings sand district contains series of alter-
nations of sand, gravel, and clay ; and the surface is
beautifully diversified and undulating. The area of
the Hastings sand division of Kent is about the same
in extent as the weald clay, the widest part being

between Biddenden and Sandhurst.
All the weald district is densely wooded, and pro-
duces large oak timber of the best quality. The
Hastings sand division presents to the lovers of beau-
tiful and various scenery charms which it does not
possess for the eye of the agriculturist ; for though
there is much land capable of producing large returns,
and all of it may be immensely improved, there are
few districts in which I should be more unwilling to
undertake a farm than in either division of the Weald

of Kent. Around Tunbridge Wells there is a sandy
tract of broken, uneven ground, than which nothing
can be more delightful for the mere visitor at any sea -
son of the year, but to farm it must be an enterprise
of no great hopefulness. Much of it is planted with
larch and other wood adapted for hop poles; and
as a matter of profit, 1 apprehend by far
the greater portion should be applied to the
same purpose. Here the farms are all on a small
scale, as indeed they are throughout the weald.
And small farming must, I apprehend, continue, for
the fields are so small, the hedgerows so numerous,
and the quantity of timber :so great, that few men
would undertaketo farm a tract of the land in its
present state, and to clear-it is a work that none but
proprietors can accomplish with advantage.
Wherever any improvement has been effected in this
district, the first process has been to drain, and to let
in the light and air by reducing the hedges and the
timber. Thus Mr. Schreiber, of Henburst, who has
an estate on the stiff yellow clay of the weald, has,
by draining, enlarging his fields, and removing the
trees, brought a stubborn clay farm into a state of
high cultivation and productiveness, of which many
persons thought it incapable. His course of cropping
will illustrate the character of the soil. He begins
with-1. A clean fallow. 2. Wheat. 3. Oats.
,4. eels _mown. e 5. Seconclar'e souls fed off
by either cattle or - INTO ; 6, "benne -or
peas ; 7, tares, and roots as a preparation for
wheat again. It is stated as a significant fact that
Mr. Schreiber, when he commenced the improvement
of weald clay land, brought with him " most of the
approved modern implements of the eastern counties,"
and that after much perseverance and repeated trials
he has abandoned them, and has adopted the imple-
ments and modes of culture common to the district.
And it is stoutly asserted in this district that persons
who have been brought up to farming on the weald
succeed much better than strangers. Now I have no
doubt that in every rural district there are local pecu-
liarities of soil, or climate, or both, which have in a
great degree induced local practices in husbandry,
and no prudent farmer will dismiss such practices
without full consideration, but why approved im-
plements, if really useful tools and good for tilling
the strong clays of Suffolk or Essex, should not be
found equally useful on the weald clay, I could not
see, and did not hear any sufficient cause. I believe
the chief difficulty in importing
new implements into
any rural district consists in the unwillingness of the
farming servants to depart from their accustomed
ways. To correct this requires both firmness and dis-
cretion on the part of the master; but unless the
useful implements and better practices of one district
can be judiciously transferred to other districts where
inferior husbandry prevails, half the advantages of our
modern facilities of communication will be lost to
farmers. The mistake too frequently made in this
respect is to attempt the wholesale adoption of the
system of another district, and failure is usually the
result; whereas by selection and adaptation to the
locality of parts of the management of other places im-
mense improvement may often be effected.
Certainly the cultivation of the great majority of
the weald farmers is not such as to lead to any great
faith in the value of a weald of Kent agricultural
education. The ordinary course of the weald ie-
1. a year's fallow; 2. wheat; 3. oats, with, perhaps,
some barley, sown with clover, trefoil, and rye grass;
4. seed, fed off the second year, and then another
year's naked fallow to prepare for wheat. Some tares
and a few turnips have of late years been grown on
a portion of the fallow. Lime was at one time uni-
versally, and is still much used, but where the land
has been repeatedly limed, little advantage is derived
from its use. In the valley of the Beult there is some
better land, on which the,following rotation is in use :
—l. beans or peas ; 2. wheat; 3. oats ; 4. tares ' • 5.
wheat; 6. clover. Manure is generally applied to
the wheat, and from 3 to 3} quarters per acre are
deemed an average crop. Here and there a few
farmers on the Hastings sand division of the weald
grow wheat in alternate years, but the general opi-
nion seems to be that a more extended rotation is on
the whole a more profitable system on this soil. I
believe, however, that it is entirely a question of ma-
nagement, and I see no reason whatever why, with
high cultivation and plenty of stock, wheat should
not be profitably grown here; the climate is un-
questionably very favourable, and where the land is
not too sandy it is capable of being rendered very

fertile.
I found many of the farmers on this formation
haunted with apprehensions that the clover and
turnip crops, if repeated too frequently, would fail,
and undoubtedly. such failures are not unknown ;
but my impression is they are more due to want
of condition in the land than anything else. The
following course was mentioned with much ap-
proval, as providing against such failures :-1. fal-
low ; 2. wheat; 3. beans, peas, or turnips ; 4.
oats; 5. tares; 6. wheat; 7. seeds; 8. oats.
High cultivation will prevent the necessity of such
and I observe that the
practiceleng repetitionst h en e lengthened
of o
r ofmt atothsi
most of
o
o ns sa,
same
aeon
ued
rr
owp: will
farmers proves thatlst allow more frequent
simpler rotations are most successful. Hops are
largely cultivated in the Hastings sand district, and
more plantations have of late years been formed on
the weald clay after drainage, for a dry soil is essen-
tial to hops. The "grape" and " Jones's" hops are
chiefly grown in this district ; and the " Colgate"
hop has lately come a good deal into use. This is a
smaller and later hop than the others, but is hardy,
and when quite ripe produces a good sample. The
expTuse of hop cultivation I mentioned in a former
letter from Mid-Kent, and there is nothing peculiar
to the hop cultivation of this district, except that it
seems to want that extreme neatness which was its
characteristic in Mid-Bent. And here I think it
does often occur that the hop-garden robs the rest of
the farm, without affording the farmer any sufficient
remuneration for his too exclusive attention to its
culture. But even here I see no reason for giving
up hop culture. Certain farms and particular
farmers would no doubt be as well, perhaps
better off, without hop-gardens than with them ;
b
the unsuitableness of
capital on the part of the
the ut
soilthat
or arises s
thees mainlywant of froth
tenant. Generally hops on the weald are not quite