The Sun.
London, England, 1844-10-05 00:00:00

reifirti -114: titian

pression, that a simple citizen arose—strong in the
might of justice, strong in the despair of the many,
strong in the very wickedness of the Jew—to con :I-oils
the knightly highwaymen who exacted toll upon every
article that passed through their domains. That simple
citizen was seconded by an enlightened sovereign—
pledged to just principles of trade. That simple citizen
and that enlightened sovereign prevailed. They laid the
foundations of free commerce—l use the word in no
party sense—the foundation of the Rhenish and the
Hanseatic leagues ; and the ruins of those mighty
fortresses upon the borders of the Rhine, still inform the
traveller what is the fate of the unjust.—(Cheers.) But
what followed? Out of the spirit thus awakened—out of
the light thus kindled—out of free commerce have
sprung free letters.—(Cheers.) In the same Mayence
Guttenberg discovered printing.—(Cheers.) Thus the
destruction of monopolies in trade proved the destruction
of monopolies in knowledge.--(Cheers.) Here, then, in
a country ruled over by au enlightened Sovereign, not
less alive, let us hope, than his Lordship of Hapsburg, to
the misery of her poorer subjects—here, with merchant
princes around—here, animated by an inspiration not
less magnificent than was Walpolden—there shall be for
Manchester the renown which was of old for Mayence.
Because your ships and vessels are laden not alone with
bales of cloths and cottons, but with goods which have
neither a declared nor an official value, you carry with
you truths from this free island which tend to elevate
the character of man. You carry with you principles
which tend to unite all nations in one fair confraternity
of reciprocal assistance.—(Cheers.) And when, out of
a spirit thus Catholic, out of a power thus universal,
that old world shall have received another of those moral
shocks which, like printing and steam, threw it onwards
on its career ; when it shall be one stage nearer its
goal ; when civilizittion shall be one hour from its me-
ridian, it will be remembered that this meeting had its
share in the work of progress.—(Cheers.) For here,
too, at this very moment, we are publishing the banns
for a marriage which represents the primeval alliance
between the matter and the spirit. For this too is a
bridal between matter and spirit ; between the industry
which has overspread the earth, as the waters cover the
seas, and that intellect which is young, and which, by
God's blessing, shall remain pure.—(Loud cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN next proposed the health of Mr. Row-
land Hill, the author of the penny postale°, which was
drunk with cheers, and responded to by that gentleman,
who proposed the health of the President of the Athe-
naeum, Mr. Atherton, and the two secretaries, Messrs.
Berlyn and Watkin, who had done so much to promote
the interests of the institution.
Mr. TORRENS M'CirLieocu seconded tho motion, in
doing so he congratulated the meeting upon the fact,
that instead of complimenting the late Dr. Dalton by
el ecting a monument to his memory, they were going
to expend the money in founding a professorship in that
science of which that great man was so distinguished
an ornament.
The resolution having been unanimously carried,
Mr. WATKINS returned tnanks, and moved that Mr.
Atherton, President of the Athonmum, take the chair.
Mr. Atherton, having taken the chair,
The Mayor of MANCHESTER (Mr. Alexander Kay)
rose to propose a vote of thanks to Mr. Disraeli. He
knew not, he said, in what terms to express his thanks
to that distinguished gentleman. He could only entreat
of the meeting that they would, by their loud acclaim,
satisfy him that they, at least, offered their thanks with
the utmost sincerity. however much their mouthpiece
had failed in giving expression to their feelings. lie
hoped that in some of the works which would doubtless'
proceed from their gifted chairman, he woeld, in some of
his philosophical discussions,bring out this remarkable cir-
cumstance—that, at this era, large assemblages of peo-
ple could be collected together for literary objects, when,
if mere singing and dancing were presented as the prin-
cipal attraction, they would hardly have seen as many
hundreds.—(Hear, hear.) He was the more induced to
allude to this point when he referred to Mr. Disraeli's
works in 1834, in which he laid it down that " the Phi-
losopliical Society of Manchester was in a state of ambi-
guous existence." If this could be said of the Manches-
ter Philosophical Society in 1834, when Dr. Dalton was
its president, it was a peculiarly fortunate circumstance
that Mr. Disraeli was present that he might ascertain the
effects which had since been produced, and which might
hereafter he expected. He begged to propose that the
marked and most cordial thanks of the meeting be given
to Mr. Disraeli for his kindness in taking the chair, and
he would take the liberty of adding, for the able manner
in which he had discharged the duties devolving upon
him.—(O reat cheers.)
Mr. JAMES Heewoon seconded the motion. He con-
sidered that thanks were due to Mr. Disraeli from the
whole community of Manchester, "to whom ho had given
such valuable information that evening.' He reminded
the meeting that in the pages of "Coningsby" Mr. Disraeli
had represented the manufacturer as a person to be
honoured and respected, and he contended that that
gentleman had raised himself on the mystic ladder ti)
which he had himself alluded, and placed himself shove
the ordinary race of men.—(Lend cheers.)
The vote of thanks was carried by acclamation, Mr.
Cobden acting as fugleman, and the entire meeting
rising and giving nine enthusiastic rounds of applause.
Mr. ATHERTON, in acquainting Mr. Disraeli with the
nature of the compliment just paid him, said that that
gentleman had the thanks of the whole body of directors
and subscribers to the Athenaeum for his kindness in
presiding, and his ability in discharging his onerous
duties, and that the kind suggestions and recommends-
tiona of the various speakers would receive the most
careful eunsi-deration of the committee.
Mr. D'lsa.ecer rose amid loud cheers to reply. He
said ho had to offee them his thanks for the distinguished
manner in which they had paid him this high compli-
ment. It was, in his opinion, the greatest distinction
that man could receive when he received the approbation
of a refined community of his fellow-citizens. He aspired
to no more. He desired no more. He thought if he
had attained that result, he had attained a great prize.
And, far from believing that he was entitled to it, all
that he would say was, that he was determined to en-
deavour to deserve it.—(Cheers.) He remembered with
the deepest interest the casual circumstances under
which they first made each other's acquaintance. He
was deeply sensible of the honour which they had done
him in requesting that he would preside over their
meeting that evening ; and in offering him their
thanks for the manner in which he had ful-
filled the duties of that office, they had conferred
upon him an honour and an obligation that, when
he returned to his home, he should cherish—which, in
public life, he should often recur to for animation and
support—which he never should forget—and which, he
trusted, might him to conduct that would never
forfeit their rega their respect.—(Great cheering.)
Mr. COBDEN then 'rose and said, that they were
honoured on that occasion with the presence of their
worthy Chairman's lady, and he thought, in the name of
the ladies present, he might call upon the gentlemen to
rise and give three cheers for Mrs. Disraeli.
The call was enthusiastically responded to, Mrs.
Disraeli rising and repeatedly acknowledging the com-
pliment.
Mr. DISRAELI said he was very sorry indeed to tres-
pass upon the meeting again. Ho thought a year at
least might transpire before he should have had that
honour. But Mrs. Disraeli, who was extremely grati-
fied with the distinguished honour, desired him to say,
that there was only one circumstance could gratify her
more, and that was, that they should clear the room as
soon as possible, and commence dancing.—(Laughter.)
The room was accordingly cleared, and dancing was
continued until a late hour.

THE FUNDS-(CLOSING PRICES.)
BRITISH FUNDS.
Beak Stock — Indian Stock
3 per Cent. Red — Ditto Bonds
3 per. Cent. Cons
336 per Cent. Red — Ditto New Annuities ...
New 3% per Cent lO3 I Ex. Bills, 1,000/. I%d ... Inn
New 5 per Cont. — ' Ditto 5001.
Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small 76 pm.
-Jan 1560 Bank Stock for Acct.... 210}6
Oct. 1859 Consols for Act.
Jan. 1500 ...... ........ India Stock for Acct —
FOREIGN FUNDS.
Austrian, 5 per Cent — 'Portuguese, 5 per Cent ..... _—
Belgian, 5 per Cent .......
Brazilian Bonds ...... ......... 87 Prussian, 5 per Cent —
Buenos Ayres, 6 per Cent,. !Russian, 5 per Cent —
Chllian, 6 per Cent — Ditto, Metallic ..... .. ..... ......
Colombian, 6 per Cent
Ditto, 1824 — Ditto, 9 per Cent 35
Cuba Bonds, 6 per Cent
Danish, 3 per Cent — French, 5 per Cent.... —t. —c.
Greek, 18-5, 5 per Cent...— — Exchange ...... ...... ..... —f. —c.
Mexican, 5 per Cent
Ditto, 4 per Cent., 1837 'Dutch, 2% per Cent.... 62
Peruvian, 1825, 6 per Cent — Ditto, 5 per Cent ......... 1,834,

- pm.

SHARES.
Birmingham and Gloucester (100 paid) lO7
Bristol and Exeter (70 paid)... .. 76%
Bristol and Gloucester, 30 paid
Caledonian, 5 paid
Chester and Holyhead ( 5 paid)
Dublin and Belfast Junction, 236 paid 4%
Dublin and Cashel, 5 paid
Eastern Counties (23 paid)
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per Cent.,lll3s4d. paid,Ne. 1 NIA
Ditto ditto, paid, No. 2
Great North of England, 100 paid
Great Western (75 paid)
Ditto Half Shares, 50 paid 87%
Kendal and Windermere, 136 paid 314
Lancaster and Carlisle, 5 paid 9%
London and Blackwall (161. 13s. 4d.) %
47
Lonion and Brighton (50 paid)
London and York, 2% paid 3%
Lynn and Ely, I 3( paid
110
Midland Counties (100 paid)
Midland, Birmingham. and Derby, .£lol)paid St
Newcastle and Darlingron Junction, 21 paid. 47
North British, 5 paid ~. 5%
57
Northern and Eastern (45 paid)
South Devon, 5 paid
South Eastern and Dover pa 2s 4d paid)
Ditto New Shares, 4 paid
York and North Midland (50 paid) 105%
York and Scarborough Branch ( 10 paid)
York and Selby Scrip. paid : 9
Central of France, 2 paid ..... :4,
Boulogne and Amiens, 2 paid - 3%
Paris and Lyons, 2 paid
'3
?aria and Orleans (20 paid) ...
Paris and Rouen. 20 paid ......... ..„....—. ......... .... 36

SPIXIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAT.
GLOBE.—The Vice-Chancellors of Oxford and
Cambridge are taken from the Heads of Colleges in
certain orders of rotation established by common
consent and for convenience. If a new Vice-Chan-
cellor is to be appointed every year, as in Cambridge,
or every fourth year, as is the practice at Oxford,
the advantages of such a system and rotation are
obviously great. The rule, of course, is not ab-
solutely binding, and occasions may arise where
it ought to be departed from. An academical
Alderman Wood or Gibbs would be passed over
without at all impairing the force of the rule. But
there is an end of the rule altogether if politics or
doctrinal controversies are made grounds for depart-
ing from- it. Some years since, Dr. Lamb, the
learned and excellent Master of orpus Christi Col-
lege, Cambridge, was passed over, when it came to
be his turn to be nominated for the Vice-Chancellor •
ship, fer no other reason than that he was a
zealous Liberal politician. The late Government
marked, their sense of Dr. Lamb's merit, and of
the injustice with which the bigot Heads at Cam-
bridge had treated him, by appointing him to the
Deanery of Bristol. Will Sir Robert Peel have the
courage to give any similar slap in the face to the
rampant Oxford faction which is opposing Dr. Symons
because he is en Evangelical (see the Times articles
Passim), and will, therefore, probably keep Puseyism
at bay, as Dr. Wynter has done ? Great pains are
taken by the Puseyite agitators to convince the
world that they are not opposing Dr. Symons
because he is no Puseyite. But the difference between
opposing him because he is no Puseyite, and opposing
him because, being no Puseyite, he will pro-
bably db things, as Vice-Chancellor, distasteful to
Puseyites, is a difference which none but a Puseyite
can be' expected to appreciate. Dr. Wynter was
an " Evangelical ;" and Dr. Wynter summoned
the Board of heresy to judge Dr. Pusev's ser-
mon, and vetoed Mr. M'Mullen's Divinity de-
gree. Dr. Symons is another " Evangelical,"
and will probably do similar things• in similar
circumstances. This is the logic of innu-
merable correspondents of the Times, honoured
always with large type. Has Dr. Wynter done any-
thing unconstitutional ? The aforementioned large-
type-gentlemen say that he has. But it does not follow
that another " Evangelical" Vice-Chancellor will be
led by similar views of religion into similar violations
of academical law. Similar religious views will of
course lead him to similar opinions on Dr. Pusey's
sermon and Mr. M'Mullen's thesis. But then, it is
not on account of his religious opinions simply that
the Posey faction are moving heaven and earth to de-
feat the nomination of Dr. Symons on Tuesday next.
Oh no! It is all very well now to disclaim re-
ligions considerations, and rest the opposition to Dr.
Symons on the unconstitutional acts of his brother
Evangelical predecessor. But did any constitu-
tional questions enter into the contest for the
Poetry chair ? Those who made Puseyism the test
for a Professor of Poetry, would not have the
sense to prevent them from making it the test for .a
Vice-Chancellor. But they have, it appears, the
cunning to endeavour to conceal their mischievous.
motives: What we principally care for in this
and all' the other Puseyite demonstrations at Ox-
ford, is the evidence furnished of the theolo-
gical unity and peace which the University secures
by the compulsory subscription to the Thirty-.nine
Articles, and the additional notoriety given by each
of these outbreaks to the fact of the existence of a large
and Powerful body of Dissenting Conformists in a Uni-
versity which will not abate one jot of the Thirty-
nine Articles, to allow honest Non-Conformists a par-
ticipation in its advantages. Mr. Newman and Mr.
Ward enjoy fellowships; but those whom Mr. New-
man's -and Mr. Ward's writings send unto the Church
of Rome, have the door of the University closed upon
them. We read, only in last week's Oxford Chronicle,
of a beneficed clergyman who, having been convinced
by Mr.. Ward's book, has given up his living,
and gone into the Church of Rome. This
man's son will be required to sign the Thirty-nine
Articles before he can be admitted to receive educa-
tion at Oxford ; and if he follow the faith which his
father has learned from Mr. Ward, Fellow of Baliol
College, the test will exclude him from Oxford. Mr.
Ward, meanwhile, continues a Fellow. And how, oh,
good Sir Robert Inglis, does th's angrily-prosecuted
quarrel about the Vice-Chancellorship—only one of
many such quarrels—prove the efficacy of the Thirty-
nine Articles to keep Oxford frea from religious
discord ?
STANDARD.—One of our morning Contem-
poraries (many of our agricultural readers will be
able to guess which) commences a long leading'
article this day with the following paragraph :
" Among the numberless proofs which every day
supplies of the utter prostration of the agricultural
interest may be noticed certain proceedings which
distinguished the recent meeting of the Vale of
Evesham Agricultural Society." Now, so much
do the judgments of men vary upon the same
representations of the very same facts, that we
draw fro'm the proceedings at the Evesham
meeting an inference precisely the opposite of
that which would describe the agricultural in-
terest as in a state of " prostration." On the
other hand, we see in these proceedings, to our sense,
the clearest proof that the agriculturists are now, al-
most for the first time in our own history, or in the
history' of. any other country, entering. upon the
couree-liy.Which -they will do justice to themselves.
In saisirg.that this course is an untried one, we of
course, admit that it is subject to serious difficulties
at first, and opposed by many prejudices ; neverthe-
less, we are confident that in the judgment of reason-
able persons the principle will carry us to our conclu-
sion. When the Economists and Leaguers have been
clamouring to deprive the agriculturists of that
fair protection which is allowed by law to every
other pursuit of industry, our answer has always
been that agriculture is a trade and a manufacture
as much as the fabrication of cotton, woollen
cloth, . earthenware, or hardware ; a trade and
manufaCtUre, however, subject to heavier burdens
and more violent vicissitudes than any other, and
therefore requiring, to maintain its existence,
a higher degree of protection than any other
trade or - manufacture. We have .never found
the Economist or Leaguer who could answer this
plain proposition, and therefore we hold it to be
unanswerable. Now, if it be true, that agri-
culture is: a trade and manufacture in one
sense, it is true in all senses—as true when we
demand ':commercial intelligence, enterprise, and
activity frOm the agriculturists, as when we claim
protection on their behalf. It is a remarkable fact,
however, that while great fortunes have been realised
in other branches of industry, and powerful and dis-
tinguished families founded by successful traders in
silk, cotton, earthenware, wood, iron, &c., the
example of such successes on the part of agricultu-
rists are extremely rare, if any such examples are to
be found. The seeming reasons for this are suffi-
ciently numerous and sufficiently obvious to satisfy
surperficial ,inquirers, but they will not bear a
close examination, because they all rest on two
fallacies ; first, the notion that the produce of the
soil is not capable of an infinite augmentation ;
secondly, - the opinion that the demand for agricul-
tural produce is, in like manner, limited. Resting
upon these two fallacies, landlords have despaired of
considerably augmenting their family estates by any
Q9tlay of capital, and have, therefore, neglected to
save mob ,e v for the purpose, while farmers
have been tut too -lie.pp.x. to hold their own,
and labour from morning till- night for a
bare. subsistence—both have cast anchor in
the existing state of things. But ships at anchor
bring home no cargoes; and agriculture has, in

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, OCT. 4.—There has
been an improved demand for West India sugars this
week, the sales reaching 700 hogsheads West India, at
about former prices. The cargo of Bengals, per Mary
Imrie, has been brought to market, and about 1,200 bags
have been disposed off, chiefly 603. for strong grained
dry quality. No sales in Mauritius.—Bristul Mercury.

THE COMMERCE of the AMERICAN

LAKES.

(From Simmonds's Colonial Magazine.)
Since the remission of the duty on Canadian fiJur,
combined with the known aptitude and fertility of our
Canadian provinces, and their admirable adaptation to
the growth of the finest wheat, the cessation of the
ravages caused by the fly in the extensive fields for-
merly covered with that grain, in the eastern portions
of Canada, and the construction of a ship canal round
the rapids of the St. Lawrence, to facilitate its trans-
port to the ocean, the commerce of the lakes has be-
come an object of transcendent consequence and the
greatest value. When the long chain of water com-
munication, intersecting countries of unbounded fer-
tility through the whole American continent, from the
Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of Labrador, is being
traversed, without interruption, by every description
of vessels—ships, brigs, schooners, steamers, steana-
propellers, barges, arid boats—it will be admitted
that this branch of commercial enterprise is highly
interesting and deserving every attention. Chris-
topher Colles was one of the first individuals who
directed his attention to the inland navigation of the
huge waters of the western world, which, at a very
early period of American enterprise, naturally riveted
the attention of the mariner, the merchant, the me-
chanic, and the farmer. Jesse Hawley wrote many
valuable essays, demonstrating the practicability of
connecting the lakes with the Hudson river, and,
thus, with the Atlantic Ocean. De Witt Clinton, a
Governor of the State of New York, was the first
who put the plan into execution, amidst every de-
scription of opposition, ridicule, and reproach. The
canal, named after the vast lake which it connected
with the ocean, the Erie canal was termed Clinton's
ditch. The natural valley of the St. Lawrence, like
that okf
theor
these Mississippi,worldbseionfg twhaeteprrso,pwears
not long
outlet and
channel
before it became the object of attraction, and, not-
withstanding the impediments to its successful explo-
ration, by the numerous waterfalls and rapids in its
course, more especially that hugest and grandest—one
of the wonders of the world—the mammoth cataract
of Niagara—the vast importance of vanquishing these
obstacles of nature became every day more apparent,
and ultimately eventuated in the construction of the
two canals—the Erie canal from Buffalo, at the
eastern extremity of Lake Erie, with the Hudson
river, and the Welland canal, on the Canadian side of
Lake Erie, commencing at Gravelly Bay on that
lake, and entering Lake Ontario, at its western ex-
tremity at Port Robinson ,• these canals forming, to-
gether with the lakes and the river St. Lawrence,
an inland water communication of upwards of 2,000
miles. The rapid increase in the value of property
along the whole line of the Erie canal, particularly
through the beautiful valley of the Mohawk, soon
convinced the most sceptical of the forethought,
wisdom, and prudence, of De Witt Clinton. The
timber of the majestic forests skirting its banks, in-
stead of being burnt, as the preliminary step to culti-
vation, was soon borne on its bosoms to those markets
on the Atlantic coast where it was in great demand,
and of inestimable value. The hydraulic powers, fur-
nished by the various streams falling into the Mohawk
river, were soon required for manufacturing purposes ;
and the gloomy wilderness—the haunt of the savage,
and the lair of the beast of prey—became
the site of cities, towns, hamlets, homesteads, orchards,
fields, gardens, and a large, and happy, and pros-
perous population. From Albany, on the Hudson
river, to Buffalo on Lake Erie, a distance of 330
miles, the whole country is now one continued suc-
cession of farina, with numerous populous towns and
villages intervening; and the Erie canal has been one
of the most useful and lucrative public undertakings
ever carried into execution. The great value of this
gigantic water communication arises from the bound-
less fertility of the extensive country it traverses.
Our present concern is with those portions pertaining
to the British CroWn, and in immediate connexion
with the river St. Lawrence. The lakes bounding
that territory are lakes Superior, lluron, St. Clair,
Erie, and Ontario. These majestic lakes were first
navigated by the
French; and the earliest description
given of these vast wate was by one of the enter-
prising and pious missionaries who iiecompanied the
spirited La Salle in his first interesting and perilous
voyage. During the summer of 1679, a vessel was
constructed on the shores of Lake Erie, called the
Griffin, commanded by La Salle, having a crew of
Frenchmen, and a humble Flemish recollect, La Pere
. Hennepin, the spiritual director of these navigators,
and the faithful Chronicler of their toils. These lakes
never having been traversed before but by the frail

Within the last week an occurrence which, as yet,
would not properly come under the head of "fighting in-
telligence," for it was all on one side, came off at a pretty
little town in this county, which is at present the country
quarters of a company or detachment of the Regi-
ment, and which, as it has created rather a " sensation "
in that neighbourhood, we give the particulars of, as we
received them from a correspondent, on whose accuracy
we can place perfect reliance. They are briefly these:—
A short time since a gallant son of Mars, distin-
guished by a purely Milesian patronymic, was stationed
with part of his regiment at a country town some thirty
miles from our " beautiful city," and it appears had been
paying marked attention to a young lady there for a
considerable time, but had recently discontinued his
visits, which, up to that period, had been unremitting.
The regiment soon after left that town for another, not
far distant, and the inconstant one having taken himself
off suns cerernonie, considered, most probably, that the
matter was at an end. Not so, however, with some of
the young lady's friends, for on Tuesday last her bro-
ther, passing in the streets of a locality rendered famous
in song and story, met the quondam suitor on horseback,
and immediately formed the intention of, in the words of
our informant, "horsewhipping him at the most conve-
nient opportunity." The desired "opportunity" soon
presented itself in the hotel, when Mr. -- addressed
the gallant sans collate, and without waiting for a reply,
laid on with his whip, and " continued to belabour him,"
until he managed to make his way into an adjoining
room. So the matter remains, says our informant, and
no further steps have been taken in it by either party.—
Cork Southern Reporter.
CHATEIAM DOCK-YARD, OCT. 4.—Yesterday the
following removals and promotious were received at the
office of the Captain-Superintendent, Capt. William
Henry Sherriff, from the Admiralty, commencing first
with Mr. J. Fincham, master shipwright of this yard,
who is appointed master shipwright of Portsmouth yard,
vice Blake, superannuated ; Mr. W. Edge, master ship-
wright at Davenport, appointed master shipwright at
Chatham, vice Fincham ; Mr. C. Willcox, master ship-
wright's assistant of this yard, is appointed to the same
office in Deptford yard. and Mr. 0. Lang, junior acting
master shipwright's assistant at Deptford, appointed
master shipwright's assistant .at this yard. Mr. W. M.
Rice, foreman of this yard, is appointed master ship-
.wright's assistant at Portsmouth, vice Sturdie, superan-
nuated. Mr. Babb, acting foreman of the yard at De-
vonport, is appointed foreman of this Dock-yard at
Chatham, vice Rice, promoted. Mr. J. Wyatt, acting
foreman of this yard, is appointed foreman, vice Reed,
promoted to assistant foreman at Woolwich-yard, vice
Abe thell, promoted to master shipwright. The Thunder,
surveying vessel, Commander Barnett, is taken into
dock again to complete making good her defects, and
fitting for sea. The Duck has been re coppered, and
defects made good, and was put out of dock on Tuesday,
and sailed this day with stores for Woolwich and Dept-
ford yards.
The grave is gathering home the last few remnants
of the Rewulution! Colonel George Gill, of Chester
district, S.C., breathed Ns last on Monday the Bth of
July last, and was buried with the honours of war, at
Fishing Creek Church. Many companies of infantry
and cavalry turned out in full uniform, to partieipate.,in
paying the last sad tribute of respect to the departed
hero. Colonel Gill was enlisted in the public service
by his cousin, Colonel Archy Gill, in the year 1799,
being then about eighteen or nineteen years of age.—
'New- ;irk Tribune.
M. Van de Weyer, the Belgian Minister, transacted
business yesterday at the Foreign-office.

THE SUN, LONDON',
_SATURDAY EVEN'INO,_ OCTOBER 6,

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.

(From the London New Price Current of Oct. 4.)

consequence, been left far behind in the race to I barque of the red men of the immense fueests that
wealth. What would have been the fate of other skirted their shores, they sounded as they went.
branches of industry if they, 'too, had, fifty or Their first anchorage was contiguous to those beauti-
sixty years ago, dropped anchor in the status quo ? ful islands at the western end of Lake Erie, near the
What. would be now the dimensions of Manchester, I entrance of the river Detroit, the scene of warfare
Birmingham, and Leeds, if the manufacturers of between the British troops and the American brigands
1780 had said—We cannot employ more labour, for in 1837 and 1838. Many portions of Canada still
we have no more to employ; we cannot hope to bear the names of these early pioneers, Tonti, Charle-
extend our markets, for we already find it sufficiently voix, Marguette, and others. The great Cardinal de
difficult to dispose of our goods? The manufacturers Richelieu, whose chalice, vestments, and other per-
reasoned differently ; they saw that the demand for sonal effects, are still treasured up with great care in
labour would produce labour—that the abundant supply Lower Canada, was the first statesman whose powerful
of markets would augment and multiply markets, and mind was directed to the commercial importance of
they have thriven- accordingly. Why, then, did not the lakes. lie devised a system for the collection and
the agriculturists pursue thu same course? They were shipment of the furs obtained in the north- west
as intelligent and industrious as the manufacturers regions for France, and established a line of forts
of 1780, and could command much more capital. from Quebec, through the lakes, to the remotest
The reason was the same that operates up to this regions of the west. At the Sault de Saint Marie,
moment—they wanted, generally, the encourage- Green Bay, Michilimackinac, Detroit, Niagara, Fort
'nerd afforded by the example of success in Stan wix, and other places on the lakes, trading ports
particular instances, the great stimulus in other were established by the early French merchants, who
departments of industry ; and the want of such acted as agents for the French Government. Within
examples is to be ascribed to one important pecu- the memory of the present generation, the annual
liarity in agricultural pursuits. In every •other collection of voyageurs assembled at Montreal, in the
pursuit the same man commands and applies early summer months, and departed amidst great
the amount of capital necessary for ensuring ceremony and pomp, in their numerous canoes,
success, also owns it, and reaps the profit of its on the Ottawa, to carry on the North
employment, and thus capital is abundantly applied. American fur trade. In 1668, the Hudson's Bay
In agriculture the landlord has, or can command. Company obtained a charter, and afterwards the
capital, but has no urgent motive to employ it. north-west Company monopOlised the trade in furs
The tenant, on the other hand, has every ima- After many conflicts with the Indians and the French,
ginable motive to employ capital, but, he neither the English became possessed of the north-west re-
has it in sufficient quantity, nor can command gions, and during the whole progress of the American
it; capital, accordingly, is not applied to the cul- Revolution, until the declaration of peace in 1795,
tivation of the soil in anything approaching to its warfare continually interrupted the settlement of the
proper amount, and the soil does not produce one- borders, and arrested the commerce of the lakes, The
half of what, by a small additional outlay, it may western posts on the lakes were surrendered in 1796,
be made to produce. But here it will be objected, but it was not until after the contest on the lakes,
that a great augmentation of produce would ruin the (luring the war of 1812, that this important naviga-
farmer by exceeding the demand, and by, conse- tion may be said to have occupied any real attention.
quently, reducing prices. This is a remnant of In reality it was not until the introduction of steam
the old error of Lord Liverpool's day—the into these waters that their trade and commerce may
error of over-production. It was not, however, he fairly said to have made much progress. Lake Su-
too much production that created the distress perior, the vastest and largest of these inland seas,
in the five or six years after the close 1,116 miles in circumference, has yet but one steam-
of the war, but too little money in the boat on it ; but the boundless mineral wealth on its
market to pay for it. If the farmer, however, pro- shores will, doubtless, soon give an impetus to the
duce three quarters of wheat where before he pro- navigation to this great inland sea. From the rapid
duced but two, is he a loser, though wheat decline settlements on the borders of Lake Michigan, and the
10 or 20 per cent. upon the quarter ? There is country beyond it, that lake has mans, steamers and
nothing to be feared from the great increase of schooners constantly plying on it. lYith the excep-
production, if made gradually, as in the nature of tion of the steamers that are constantly passing
things it must be made. Nay, agriculture may through Lake Huron from Buffalo, and the steam
be, and probably will be, a more profitable propellers from Oswego, on Lake Ontario, to Chicago,
trade lung after this country shall have become there is but one steam boat on Lake Huron. On
a corn exporting country. And why should Lake Erie there are nearly 100 steamers of various
it not become a corn exporting country ? Our sizes, many of great magnitude, conveying from
soil and climate are not inferior to the average of toe 1,200 to 1,500 passengers at a time to the settlements
corn exporting countries of the continent of Europe. on Lake Michigan. On Lake Ontario there are
Our constitution and laws are better adapted to the nearly forty steamers, those on the Canadian side
protection of every branch of industry than the carrying the mails between Kingston and Toronto, of
constitution and laws of any other country. Our great size and power, and commanded by most expe-
people are the most industrious and skilful in rienced and excellent captains. Those who have once
whatever pursuit they engage in ; and we have had the pleasure of making a passage with Captain
infinitely more capital to give effect to their exer- Colclough, the obliging and able commander of the
tions. If labour is dearer with us, its dearness is Princess Royal, will soon find an excuse to make a
not found to affect other branches of industry ; and second. It is impossible that anything can surpass the
there is no reason why we should not send a quarter attention and arrangements to be met with in these
of wheat to the Continent with as fair la prospect of excellent vessels. There are numerous lighthouses on
underselling rivals, as we can send a bale of cotton. the lakes, and every assistance has been afforded to
To this we firmly believe it will come, if the their secure navigation. The practice of towing barges,
Legislature continue to agriculture a fair protection, which had been generally and successfully carried on,
and if only agriculturists, more particularly landlords on the Hudson river, was found impracticable on the
(fur all depends on them), will but follow the advice lakes, in consequence of the severe storms to which
given to them at the Evesham meeting. This advice they were frequently subjected ;.but since the introduc
may be shortly described as inc,orporsting the land- non of the screw propeller into schooners and large
lord's capital with the tenants industry and skill vessels, the necessity has been obviated, and a vast
—each receiving a due share of the return. deal of merchandise is now carried on by this mode.
Let the landlord, in a word, make all important, The celerity, convenience, and safety with which
expensive, and permanent improvements, and charge steamers may descend the rapids of the St. Lawrence,
the tenant a moderate interest for the outlay. This has been found to be one of the most useful and suc-
plan has been adopted with complete success by cessful experiments made in that new application of
the Duke of Wellington, by Lord Harrowby, steam power. During the month of June, in this
Mr. Barneby, and many other landlords. The present season,
C season, the fine schooner Adventure, the pro-
land is drained or other wise improved by the perty of, the Toronto and St. Lawrence Steam Nevi-
landlord, who charges the tenant, in seine of the in- gation ompany, made the quickest direct run ever
stances quoted at Evesham, five per cent., and this known
between those large -and, populous cities. The
five per cent. the tenant most cheerfully pays out of distance is 470 miles, and she went from Toronto
a profit of 10, 15, or even 2Q per cent., which he to Montreal, laden with freight, in two days and a
derives from the arrangement. The landlord can, quarter, demonstrating, to the entire satisfaction of
however, obtain money upon his estates, in the Company, the admirable adaptation of this class of
the present .state of the money market, at three vessels for the navigation of these waters. To extend
per cent. or a little more, leaving him a profit the commerce of these seas, loans were advanced by
of two per cent., or nearly two per cent., upon the provincial. government, in 1841, to incorporated
a —.transaction by which otherwise tie greatly companies engaged in the promotion of the trade of
benefits his property. Such are the pros- the-lakes. In 1842, the gross amount of collections of
pects
..of a branch of industry, which our dolo- customs' duties in Canada was 278,930/. 7s. 3d.; the
roux Contemporary describes as in a prostrate state. nett amount collected at Quebec was 68,087/. ; at
Nor are the most important class of all, the Montreal, 149,491/. ; at St. John's, 16,864/. ; at Bur-
agricultural labourers, unconcerned in the bright lington Bay, 7,263/. ; at Kingston, 6,510/. ; at To-
prospect. Whatever gives additional energy to farm,: ronto, 8,053/. ; other ports, smaller sums. The nett
ing puts bread into the mouth of the labourer and revenue derived from customs, in 1842, exceeded that
the labOurer's children. It was stated by Lord of 1841 by 50,947—the increase at Quebec and Mont-
Sandon, at Evesham, that on two farms, where the real alone being upwards of 55,3261., and on the
number of laboiirers had previously been no more Western Canada ports, 2,2301. The tolls on the La-
than nine, forty have been called into employment chine canal produced during the year 16,322/.
by the new plan.

SUGAR.—To-day the market for Colonial Sugar pre-
sented a firmer appearance; buyers of West India Sugur
came forward more freely, and a large business was
transacted in all descriptions at previous rates—indeed,
in some cases, a small advance was paid. The quantity
sold amounted to 850, making the total purchases fur
the week 2,100 hhds and tree. The market closed with
a firm appearance.
REFINED.—There has been less activity in the market
for Refined Sugar this week, but in the value little
change has taken place. the supply being small, par--
cularly of low and middling descriptions ; there has,
however, been a fair business transacted, and a large
consumption is going on. To-day there was a better
demand fur the low and middling descriptions •f Refined
goods, and former rates wore fully supported. Bonded
crushed Sugar is still much wanted.
MAURITIUS.—There has been less demand this week,
and the market haring been abundantly supplied with
brown sorts, a decline in the ♦alue of Is to 2s per cwt
has taken place ; yellow kinds are 6d per cwt cheaper.
excepting fine, which has sustained the former currency,
the quantity at market being small. This afternoon
more inclination was shown to purchase, and some par-
cels were sold privately at full but not at better prices.
EAST INDIA.—There has been a very large quantity
of Bengal Sugar brought forward this week, and it has
proved more than sufficient for the wants of the trade.
White and strong yellow sorts have been less in
request, but previous rates are supported ; inferior
yellow and brown, of which the supply has chiefly
consisted, have met 'with a dull sale at a
decline on former prices of Is to is 6d per cwt. This
afternoon there was a largo public sale of Manilla
Sugar ; the whole sold at rather higher rates ; low
damp dark brown went at 15s to 16s, washed 14s, mid
sound grey 19s to 19s 6d, good 22s 6d, damp 18s 6d to
19s, washed 16s 6d to 18s 6d per. cwt. Bengal was in
better demand, and 990 bags at public sale were all sold
at full rates ; fine white fetched 65s good 61s 6d to
62s Gd, mid 60s Gd, low yellowish white 58s Gd to 59s Gd,
damp and washed 57s 6d to 645, low date sound yellow
51s to 53s 6d, mid 54s to 56s 6d, damp and washed 50s
to 55s per cwt._

FOREIGN.—Today all sorts of Foreign Sugar were
much inquired after, but a further advance in price being
asked tended to check business ; a cargo of white Bahia
afloat per Hernam, containing 400 chests, were sold at
23s per cwt.

AfoLAsszs.—For West India there has been !rather
more demand this week, and previous rates are sup-
ported. Sales of Antigua made at 22s 6d to 24s per
cwt. Importers are not so desirous to press sales, al-
though the stock is still a very large one. East India
Molasses are still dull of sale, at 14s to 16s per ewt.
SAGo.—Although there are sellers upon lower terms,
and the stock is small, still the demand has been limited
by private contract at 12s to 14s .fqr low to mid, 15s to
17s for good mid, 18s to 20s for- good, and 21s to 24s
for fine. For Sago Flour prices krep high, but buyers
are cautious in their proceedings, and 240 bags at auction
only partly sold at 201 per cwt. Arrowroot is abundant,
and prices consequently are kept low ; the supply ex-
ceeds the demand.

COFFEE.—lmporters of West India have been anxious
to realise this week, and the market has been largely
supplied, indeed the quantity brought forward has been
more than sufficient for the demand ; the home trade
have purchased with reluctance, and a decline on
former rates of Is have been accepted for middling,
and 2s to 4s per cwt for the lower sorts, of
which the supply has nearly all consisted. This
afternoon Ceylon Coffee met with little attention, and
1,120 bags at public sale were only partly sold, at a
decline of 2s per cwt; making the fall for the week
4s to ss. Ord mixed sold at 518, good ordinary 52. 6d
to 53s 6d, real good ord 54s tO 54s Gd, tine ord
57s 6d, fine fine ordinary Plantation 69s 6d, triage 35. to
478, low 170 6d. Of Rio 116 bags 13 casks were offered,
and a small part only sold at 52s for low middling, and
428 to 4G. per cwt for fine find ordinary. The market
closed very flat for all sorts of Coffee,
INDlGO.—Prices are supported for East India, but
there has been little business transacted in any descrip-
tion this week. The quarterly sale will commence on
Tuesday ; the quantity declared is 12,961 chests ;
Spanish is not much wanted, but in the value no varia-
tion has taken place.
SPICES.—This afternoon black Pepper met with little
attention, and 1,000 bags at publio sale were all taken
in at 2id to 2id per lb for common light Sumatra, being
the former'value; 150 bags Pimento sold at stiff rates—
good fetched 411 to 41d, mid 4d to 41d, low Sid to 3id;
2 casks Mace taken in at is 3d per lb for low quality,
and 48 bags of Amboyna Cloves at is 4d per lb fur bold
but dingy,.being above the value. ,

VISIT OF LOUIS PIIILIPPIL—It is understood his
Majesty, weather permitting, will land at Portsmouth on
Monday, and, after a due reception from the Corpora-
tion, proceed by the South-Western Railway to the
Farnborough station, and from thence to Windsor Cantle.
The Earl of Jersey, Master of the Horse, has given di-
rections fcr nix of thi royal carriages and four to be in
attendance at the station.to await his Majesty's arrival,
and convey him to Windsor. Prince Albert, attended
by most of the great officers of the household, will also
be in waiting at the station, to welcome his Majesty on
his arrival. The Duke of! Wellington leaves town on
Tuesday for Portsmouth, to be present to receive his
Majesty on his arrival in this country