The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-13 00:00:00

No. 16,222. LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING ST.I N 9 AUGUST 13, 1844.

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CLERICAL, MEDICAL, and GENERAL
LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 78, Great Russell-street,
Bloomsbury.
Notice Is hereby given that a DIVIDEND of FIVE PER CENT.
(less Income-tax) on the Shares of the Society will be PAYABLE at
this Office on and after TUESDAY, the 20th day of August instant.
GEO. H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
August 12th, 1844.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, COENHILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,005.
:limpowercd by Act of Parliament.

DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a
second Bonus, averaging, 60 per cent. on the amounts invested on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

C°
Pa
eo ' 5

Premium.

X s. d.

Bonus
added.

L£ 2. d

_
1837 170 9 3
74 3 4 1838 144 2 2
1839 116 16 0

Bonus in
Cash.

Z s. d.
77 5 1
64 5 6
il 6 11

.sia,,,,
PEI
u!F.

s. d.
12 2
9 16 4
, 711 9

oNS
.4.
, 4,cr,
g 5
41-,,,g
4 A.

s. ds
346, 2 3
296 13 4
247 4 5

AUSTRALASIAN, C
RAL LIFE ASSIJRAN

Capital 203,0001.

DIRE,
Edward Barnard, Esq., F.R.S.
Robert Brooks, Esq.

Henry Buckle, Esq.
John Henry Capper, Esq,

SECBETART—EdV
The following are specimens of tl
pany for the assurance of 1001.

:OLONIAL, and GENE-
7CE and ANNUITY SOCIETY
~ in 2,000 Shares.

I
Gideon Colquhoun, Esq.
Charles E. Mangles, Esq.
Richard Onslow, Esq.
William Walker, Esq.
ward Ryley, Esq.
.he premiums charged by Ms Com-

20 I 30 I 40 I 50 I 60

An. Prem. 1 £1 10 3I $2 0 7 1 £2 15 3[ SA 1 8 1 Al 6 3 9

This Company offers the advantages of the guarantee of an ample
subscribed capital—of permission to retain one-third of the premium
in their own hands (the portion so retained, with interest upon it,
being deducted from the policy when it become a claii),—of ascend-
ing, descending, and other scales of premiums,—and of participation
in the profits at the end of every five years.
TO EMIGRANTS, TO THE AUSTRALASIAN COLONIES,
assured for the whole of life, this Company offer the permission to
proceed to, and reside in, any of those colonies without extra pre-
mium, and to pay their premiums there. For residence in Now
Zealand, a moderate extra premium is charged.
In Sydney, a Board of Directors, and Agents in all tiro principal
settlements—Bankers in the colony. The Bank of Australasia (in
corperated by Royal Charter, 1835), No. 2, Moorgate-street, London.

THE COUNT NESSELRODE.
The Count Nesselrode, who has just arrived on a
visit to this country, is of a Hanoverian family, which
has been settled in Livonia for nearly a century
and a half. His father had been Minister Plenipo-
tentiary of the Empress Catherine 11. to the Dukes
of Wurtemberg, and was entrusted by the Czarina
with the business of negotiating the marriage of the
Grand Duke Paul with a Princess of the house of
Wurtemberg. To such of our readers as have
travelled in the north of Europe, it is unneces-
sary to say that a Livonian differs as much from
a Russian, as a Russian from an Englishman. Al-
though the provinces of Livonia, Esthonia, Ingria,
and Carelia, have been Russian for more than 130
years, yet they have ever clung with tenacity
to their national language and customs, and are
as much, probably more German now, than they
were before the battle of Pultava, in 1709. It is true
that all public officers and all clergymen are obliged
to be acquainted with the Russian language ; but
when not under surveillance, or civil or military
parade (for civil life in Russia may be said to have its
parades as well as military), these worthy, primitive
people relapse into the language and habits of their
fathers, and cultivate their corn and hemp as their
ancestors did in the time of Charles XII. Since the

placed Napoleon under the ban of Europe. It was
he, too, who after the battle of Waterloo, while the
Anglo-Russian army were under the walls of Paris,
sided with the Duke of Wellington in counselling mea-
sures of moderation and mercy, when Blucher and the
Prussians were calling out for plunder, and Austria was
throwing out dark hints of a partition, and intimating
how gladly she would resume possession of Alsace
with the three bishoprics—or Trineveckes, as they
were anciently called—of Metz, Toul, and Verdau.
Nor were the counsels of Nesselrode less humane, in
suggesting that a moderate contribution only should
be levied on the people of France. It is a mistake to
suppose that the Holy Alliance was a state inspira-
tion, proceeding from the brain of the Russian Prime
Minister, for the idea was altogether the conception
of the Emperor Alexander himself, whose mystical
tendencies we have before alluded to. The tendency
of this Emperor's political views had been originally
Oriental, but the unsettled state of 'Europe induced
him to think that he had a mission to fill in Western
Europe, and he was accordingly present at the Con-
gresses of Troppau, Laybach, and Verona. Nesselrode
accompanied his sovereign on these occasions, and
daily rendered himself more useful to his imperial
master. The disgrace of Capo d'lstria, in 1821,
left him undisputably without a rival. From that
period he has alone remained charged with the di-
rection of the department of Foreign Affairs.
When the present Emperor ascended the throne, he
showed more than a disposition for the Oriental
system. Nesselrode pliantly yielded to the imperial
volition, and by so doing probably preserved his
place, The influence which he has since acquired
over the mind of the Emperor, notwithstanding his
advancing age and feeble health, he owes, in a great
degree, to his experience and knowledge of affairs, to
his passionless and persevering character, but in the
greatest degree of all, to his being the faithful inter-
preter, the systematic transcriber, of the mandates of
the royal will. To compare great things with small,
that which Murat was to Napoleon has Nesselrode
been to Alexander, and is to Nicholas. The name
of Nesselrode is certainly mixed up in all the
great diplomatic transactions of the last quarter
of a century ; but it is mixed up as a mere name
—a long one, certainly, consisting of no less than
ten letters—but after all but a name, without a
system—without a spirit to vivify it—without a
device, or a motto, or a free independent thought
belonging to it. The names of Chatham and Pitt,
and Fox, and Canning, and Grey, represent
great principles ; the names of Thagut and Kaunitz,
Metternich and Hardenberg, and Stein and
Stadion, represent large, continuous, and consis-
tent systems, well followed out from generation to
generation ; the names of Danton, Marat, Robes-
pierre, Legendre, and Lebeau, represent the fearful
and ferocious energy of revolutionists, as the names
of Thurgot, Necker, Chaptal, Carnot, and Moreau
represent sects and systems and schools; but what
does the name of Nesselrode represent but the fat of
a czar, the whole amount of the wisdom and reason of
which is summed up in four words, stet pro ratione
voluntas

RAILWAY DEPARTMENT.

Minute of the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade, relative to the Constitution and

time of Peter the First the Livonian nobility have
always been patronised at the Court of Petersburgh.
Though speaking the language, and professing the
religion of Luther, they have nevertheless, since the
time of Gustavus Adolphus, been in a measure dis-
sociated from Germany, and have always looked
either to Sweden or to Russia for favour or employ-
ment. Not being in heart and soul entirely Ger-
man, they were not anti-Russian ; and not being
entirely Russian, they were untainted with that old
leaven of Moscow Muscovite discontent, so occasion-
ally formidable to the Emperor. It is, therefore, no
marvel that the Czars have more than encouraged
this plastic race in whatever career, whether of arms
or of diplomacy, to which they dedicate themselves.
The present Prime Minister of Russia was born in
1770, and is now in his 74th year. His earliest
studies were at the college of the Gardes Nobles, at
Petersburgh. He did not, however, enter the military
service till after the death of Catherine. On the
accession of the Emperor Paul, who was partial
to his father, the young Nesselrode received an
officer's commission in the regiment of Guards, and
was immediately chosen one of the Emperor's
aides-de-camp. At the end of a few years, either dis-
liking the monotony or the unsettled wandering
nature of a soldier's life, he left the army to follow
the profession of his father—the career of diplomacy.
We are not aware whether Count Nesselrode accom-
panied the Russian army, commanded by Suwarrow,
in the expedition to Italy or Switzerland. We think
it probable that he did not ; but that, aware from his
position of aid-de-camp that the first extravagant
hatred of the Czar, his master, against France and
her revolution had changed into a passionate admi-
ration for the great military genius who was conduct-
ing the French people from victory to victory, and a
desire to entertain intimate relations with him, he
concluded the peace about to be signed would he of
long duration, and that the career of diplomacy pre-
sented a fairer field to his ambition than the career of
arms. Be this as it may, no sooner was peace signed
than the young Nesselrode was dispatched to Paris
as an attaché to the embassy of Marcow. He had
previously been employed at the Chancellerie of.
Foreign Affairs at Petersburgh, and had not been
long in Paris before his diligence and spirit of
routine caused him to be appointed conseiller d'am-
bassade. In that day Russian ambassadors were fre-
quently remarkable for ignorance of diplomatic forms,
and though Marcow and Besborodkow had acquired
in Russia reputations for a certain species of clever-
ness, yet placed by the side of European statesmen,
they were not only pigmies in mind, but deficient in
education and the knowledge of the commonest rou-
tine. In this respect the defects of the chief of the
embassy were supplied by the conseiller d'ambassade,
and his knowledge of routine and business-like habits
were of the greatest use. Marcow soon fell under
the displeasure of the eccentric Emperor. He was
recalled, fell into disgrace, and was, as a matter of
course, banished, and by a refinement of cruelty
tragic actress Has, who had parlaikeleorliflWaie
Ainister's good fortune, to share his sorrows and his
exile.
The conduct of the negotiations for bringing
about that armed neutrality of the northern Powers
which provoked the battle of Copenhagen, were en-
trusted to Nesselrode. But Paul, who had been
the soul of the coalition, did not live to witness the
appearance of the triumphant fleet of Nelson before
the mole of Cronstadt. His son Alexander succeeded,
and a complete change took place in the foreign
policy of Russia. The intimacy between Russia and
France- suddenly cooled, and Nesselrode and the
whole of the Russian legation were speedily recalled
from Paris. On his return to Petersburgh he was
attached to the private chancellerie of the Emperor.
Alexander soon discovered in his secretary great
aptitude for labour, considerable acquired knowledge,
suppleness,intelligence, and a seriousness and gravity
which are often found more useful than more brilliant
qualities. In a word, he was a most useful instru-
ment, ready with thought, pen, or sword to obey the
will of an imperial master. Nesselrode accompanied
the Emperor in the campaign of 1805, and was pre-
sent at the interview at Erfurt in 1807. At this pe-
riod the Court, the Nobility, and the Russian nation,
were divided into three parties. The first, exclusively
Russian, was for rejecting the friendly advances of
Napoleon, without going the length of open war.
At the head of this party was the Empress Mother.
The second party was called the Oriental party.
It aspired to the occupation of Constantinople, to the
enfranchisement of Greece, and to the extension
of the Russian frontiers towards Persia and India. At
the head of this party was Capo d'lstria, and Napo-
leon had shown himself partial to it at Erfurt. The
third party w
as in some sort the work of Count Nes-
selrode, and it was a sort of juste milieu between both.
For a long while the struggle between these ideas
continued, and Capo d'lstria, who to much grace of
manner and a ready eloquence, joined a mysticism
which pleased and gratified Alexander—himself a
pupil of Madame de Krudener, and, if report speak
truly, something more
and dearer than a pupil—was
thought to be a favourite and in the rscendant till the
iespassed the Niemen ; but then, and
epoch, the names of Nesselrode and Pozzo
dfFriroeßmnocrthghoaatrbmecame more "familiar in men's mouths,"
and it was plain that circumstances had given the
Livonian and the Corsican the vantage ground over
the Greek. Nesselrode now played the part which
Alaret Duke de Bassano enacted with the " man of
destiny," for he treated directly, in the name of his
Sovereign, with the Plenipotentiaries of European
Cabinets. It was he who, at Rheichenbach, on the
15th of -June, 1813, concluded with the Prince Har-
denberg and Baron de Stein the intimate alli-
ance between Pruissia and Russia. On the
same day he signed, with Lord Cathcart, the con-
vention between Russia and England, by which
eve
first
a se fur of to
pay the Russian subsidies during the
infi ,ths of 1813. But that which fixed him
his master, and crowned his reputa-
rgri
xealev months
o on
reputa-
tion in Russia was the negotiation which preceded
leniotentiy or M. D'Anste
the alliance of Alexander and of Francis I. In the
negotiations which subserently
ar
. took
f place at Prall
gue,
asirth p p
, t! French subject, and after-
aheanrbdu Alsatian
st ei
satreebrdy birth,
of Russia a t. Dresden), was invested
with plenary powers, but was well-known that
Nesselrode possessed at this period the entire confi-
dence of Alexander, and really directed the negotia-
tions. During the years 1813 and 1814 he never
quitted the side of the Emperor Alexander, and to
him and to Pozzo di Borgo are, in Russia at least,
attributed the greatest portion of the successes of
those campaigns. But out of Russia it is well known
that the military science of Moreau, of Bernadotte,
and the veteran J3lumouriez (who furnished the Eng-
lish and Russian Cabinets with many excellent
plans), were of more importance than the plodding
labours of any Livonian, or the cunning devices of
any Corsican.
It was Nesselrode who, on the Ist of March, 1814,
signed the treaty of the quadruple alliance of Chau-
mont, which decided the fortunes of the empire. In
entering Paris the conduct of Alexander and his
Minister were marked by moderation and reserve.
At the Congress of Vienna it was this Minister who
held the diplomatic pen of Russia. He lent a helping
hand to the creation of the Germanic Confederation,
demanded the partition of Poland, and the cession of,
Saxony to Prussia. To the credit of Talleyrand and
Castlereagh be it spoken, they stood up manfully for
united to Russia
n—a constitution after-
wards shamefully' violated, not by rebel subjects, but
bPyolta hnedl;ink and
of
fthhaet rcocu onnstrhytusTiaos only
by regal and imperial rebels to solemn sworn oaths
and imperious duties which they owed their subjects,
and which they violated and left, and leave to this
day, unfulfilled. On the 31st of December, 1814,
the Plenipotentiaries at Vienna, and Nesselrode
among the rest, signed the famous declaration which

We hear much, from the ignorant and unintiated,
of the great address of the Russian diplomatists, and
of the successful issue of their negotiations. The ad-
dress is little more, after all, than cunning and deceit,
which often in the long run overshoot the mark ; and
the successes, such as they are, are attributable, not
to the talents or genius of the negotiators, but to
the knowledge that they were always supported by
a large force, by a command unlimited of money, by
the most unprincipled means, and by unblushing
perfidy. "We have only to look to the treaties made
in the reign of Alexander, to see how easily and
readily he could give up the claims of an ally when-
ever his own private interests and that of his own
kingdom merely were at stake.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs in Russia is the
mere automaton—the plenipo puppet in the hands of
an Imperial Autocrat—unless under some extraordi-
nary conjuncture of circumstances. Such a conjunc-
ture has not arisen in the time of Nesselrode ; and it
is, therefore, impossible to say what he might have
been if left to himself, or had he been placed in cir-
cumstances of urgency, with unlimited power. But
viewing him as he actually is, we can only say that
he is a well-trained, moderately well-informed, cool,
obeys thecommands of his master: There. ard'nitfrx
dreds of thousands of such men in England, France,
Germany, Spain, and Portugal ; and to such common-
place characters we cannot accord the high rank of
statesmen—neither can we place them in the foremost
rank, nor even in the second or third classes of re-
spectable politicians.—Chronicle.

Mode of Proceeding of the Railway Department.
At the Council Chamber, Whitehall, the 6th
August, 1844—8 y the Right Hon. the Lords of the
Committee of Council, appointed fur the considera-
tion of all matters relating to Trade and Foreign
Plantations.

n
roFfi
al:Ctplhohyl
sußLmae
nopordondrsst
oronefa Railways
resolution,h anesd etcl
aeokene(ts
Cdsfeirmo4e
)mdm:
—ittht ee thirde
osfollowingfec:
section
the
" In recommending, therefore, that Railway-Bills
be be submitted to the Board of Trade previously to
their coming under the notice of Parliament, the
Committee conceives that that Board {or such other
public department as may be entrusted with the care
of railway matters) might advantageously examine
these bills, and alio the schemes themselves before
they had assumed the form of Bills, with regard
mainly to the following subjects :---,
" 1. All questions of public safety.
" 2. All departures from the ordinary usage of
railway legislation, on points where such usage has
been sufficiently established.
" 3. All provisions of magnitude which may be
novel in their principle, or may involve extended
consideration of public policy. For example, amal-
gamations and agreements between separate com-
panies; extension of capital; powers enabling rail-
way companies to pursue purposes different in kind
from those for which they were incorporated; modi-
fications of the general law.
" 4. branch and extension lines, in cases where,
upon the first aspect of the plan, a presumption is
raised that the object of the scheme is to throw diffi-
culties in the way of new, and probably legitimate
enterprises.
" 5. New schemes, where the line taken presents a
strong appearance of being such as to raise the pre-
sumption that it does not afford the best mode of
communication between the termini, and of accom-
modating the local traffic.
" 6. Cases where a Bill of inferior merits may be
brought before Parliament, and where a preferable
scheme is in bona fide contemplation, although not
sufficiently forward to come simultaneously under the
judgment of Parliament, according to its standing
orders.

" 7. Any proposed arrangements with subsisting
companies which may appears as objectors to new
lines.

" The adequate and satisfactory discharge of their
duties would entail upon the Board of Trade a great
additional amount of labour and responsibility; and
it is the opinion of the Committee that if the recom-
mendations of this and of its other reports should be
adopted, it would be necessary to enlarge the railway
department of that Board, and to improve its orga-
nisation. Upon these grounds, and with these inten-
tions, the Committee have ceme to the following
" Resolution,—That it is expedient that all Rail-
way Bills should henceforward be submitted to the
Board of Trade previously to their introduction into
Parliament; and that the various documents and
other requisite information connected with each pro-
ject, and, if necessary, copies of the plans and sections
of the line shall be lodged at the office of the Board
of Trade, at such periods as may afford sufficient op-
portunity for their examination."
My Lords read and considered the heads of several
clauses of the Railways Bill (now awaiting the Royal
assent) which relate to the functions of this de-
partment.
My Lords read the letter of Mr. Lefevre to Sir George
Clerk, dated the 2d instant, in which it is proposed
that provision should be made for the appointment of
two secretaries to the railway department of this
Board, and of an assistant-inspector, and the reply of
the sth instant, in which is stated the approval of these
arrangements by the Lords of the Treasury.
My Lords are of opinion that they are not compe-
tent, without the aid of time and experience, to lay
down definite and sufficient rules for the future prac-
tice of the railway department of this Board; but
they have decided upon the following general instruc-
tions (subject, of course, to reconsideration hereafter,
if in any particulars they should be found inapplicable
or inconvenient) with respect to—
of transacting railway business.
2. The preparation of minutes and reports.
3. The provisions to be made for obtaining ade-
quate and early information.
1. My Lords are of opinion that for the adequate
and satisfactory discharge of the duties which, as is
now proposed, will devolve upon this Committee, it is
desirable that a distinct Board should be constituted
in the department for the dispatch of railway busi-
ness, and that such business shall be settled by written
minutes, in the same manner as the ordinary busi-
ness of this Committee.

CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAIL-
WAY.
COMMUNICATION WITH IRELAND,

Yesterday the first general meeting of this Com-
pany was held at the office, No. 62, Moorgate-street.
Mr. COLLETT, M.P., who is also Chairman of the
Board of Directors, having been called to the chair,
stated that the meeting had been called in accordance
with the Act of Incorporation, and he also expressed
his regret that in the present instance he was not
enabled to gO so fully into the details of the Com-
pany's affairs as he could wish. The formation of
the Company arose from certain negotiations with
respect to the transmission of the mails, and after
communications with the Lords of the Treasury and
the Post-office authorities, the necessary surveys had
been made, and plans submitted, after which the
subject of constructing the line was brought before
Parliament, in a Committee, upon which was Sir
G. Clerk. With respect to the amount to be realised
by the traffic, it was estimated at 50,000/. for the
transmission of the mails, the conveyance of troops,
and various other Government purposes. The
sum now demanded by the Company was 40,0001.,
but notwithstanding that the Directors had had
several interviews on the subject with her Majesty's
Government, no arrangement had as yet been come
to. He had just received a note from Sir George
Clerk, in which he stated that as Sir Robert Peel
and the Chancellor of the Exchequer were both out
of town at the present moment, it would be impos-
sible for him to make any definite communication on
the part of the Government which might be submit-
ted to the meeting. Such being the case, it was pro-
posed to adjourn the present meeting until Friday,
the 30th inst., when it was considered that the Di-
rectors would be in a position to state to the meeting
the result of the negotiations with the Government.
A PROPRIETOR wished to know whether the delay
in these negotiations was caused by any difference re-
specting the amount demanded, or whether it arose
from an objection to the principle.
The CHAIRMAN replied that it was merely a ques-
tion as to terms. The Company considered they
were entitled to the sum they demanded, and they,
therefore, were determined to adhere to the first pro-
posal. In conclusion, he would state that a change
had taken place in the Direction, Sir John Guest
having retired, and the Hon. Mr. Stanley being ap-
pointed in his place.
A vote of thanks was then passed to the Chairman,
after which the meeting adjourned to the 30th.

The president or rice-president of the Committee
will act as the head of this Board, and the remaining
members of it will act as his advisers in all its trans-
actions, and subject to his controlling authority.
The ordinary members of the Board will be, besides
the inspector-general, and, in his absence, the assist-
ant-inspector, the superintendent, and the joint
secretaries.

SIGTIT AND HEARING.-39, Albemarle- street, Picca-
dilly. Newly-invented spectacles, telescopes, opera-
glasses, microscopes, &c. Patronised by Generals Sir
Edward Paget, Sir Evan Lloyd, Frederick Meister,
Clayton, Galway, Grosvenor, Morrison, Dyott, Robert-
son, and Mackenzie ; Major-Generals Sir 11. Elphin-
stone, P. Fyers, D. Macleod, Hamilton, and Wemyss ;
Lieut.-Generals Sir Henry Bouverie, Sir J. Macdonald,
Sir R. Barton, Sir T. Dallas, Lord John Hay ; Admirals
Sir George Cockburn, Sir George Munday, Sir G.
Martin, Sir James H. Whitahed, Sir D. Gold, and
Ross. By the use of these newly-invented spectacles,
imperfect vision becomes preserved and strengthened,
and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight
at the most minute occupation, and can see with those
lenses of a much less magnifying power, nor will they
require the frequent changes to further helps ; also
newly-invented achromatic waistcoat-pocket telescopes
and opera glasses. Every kind of telescope of larger
size with increasing powers, for shooting, sea purposes,
and, upon stands, for astronomical purposes, with the
same celebrated lenses, the powers are so great, and the
lenses so bright and brilliant, that minute objects at an
extraordinary distance are brought completely under the
eye. Sportsmen, tourists, and sea-side visitors will
have a great treat. Their invisible voice conductor gives
immediate relief to old standing extreme cases of deaf-
ness. Caution—Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians
and aurists, are not in any way connected with a person
of the same name in their immediate neighbourhood, nor
in any part of the country. To prevent mistakes be
cautious and observe, only to be had at 39, Albemarle-
street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel.
A TAME PACK OF GRousu.—Thomas Lalor Cooke,
Esq., has at present in his house at Parsonstown, King's
County, amongst many other curiosities, a fine pack of
grouse, consisting of eleven birds, which the old ones
hatched and reared for him this season in a cage. They
are all perfectly tame, and will come when called, and
eat green peas (which they are very fond of) or any sort
of corn out of the hand.—Dublin Evening Post.
CUSTOMS AT LEITH.—The receipt of Customs at
Leith, on Friday, the 2d inst., amounted to 13,685/., of
which the large sum of 11,685/. was received on wheat,
and the remainder on general produce.—Glasgow
National.

vv
2. Every minute of the Board upon a railway
scheme, and every report upon a Railway Bill, to
have the signatures of,
Firstly, the president or vice-president of this
Committee; and,
Secondly, three members of the board, one of whom
at least to be an engineering officer of the department.
As respects minutes upon railway schemes, to be
made before the Bills for giving effect to them are
framed, my Lords direct that whenever the depart-
ment has formed an intention to prepare such a mi-
nute, whether upon the application of parties or
otherwise, notice shall be given of that intention in
the Gazette, for the information of those whom it may
concern.
My Lords direct that in such notice shall be stated
as nearly as may be, the points into whick inquiry is
to be made in connexion with the proposed line of
railway. No such minute, unless of a preliminary
or provisiosia nature, shall be signed until six weeks
after such notice. Every such minute shall be pub-
lished forthwith in the Gazette, and every such minute
shall be laid on the table of both Houses of Parlia-
ment fourteen days after the opening of the session.
Reports to Parliament on Railway Bills shall be
made within fourteen days, if there shall have been
previous report on the schemes embodied in them
respectively ; and at all events within six weeks at
the furthest from the receipt of any such Bill.

3. As regards the measures to be taken for obtain-
ing early and regular information respecting Railway
Bills and railway projects before they have assumed
the form of bills.
Adverting to the resolutions already adopted by the
House of Commons on the 19th of July,.and to those
which it is the intention of the vice-president to
propose for adoption in the House of Lords, and also
to the provisions contained in the Joint-Stock Com-
panies' Registration and Regulation Bill, which,
if that Bill shall become law, will ensure the deposit

Lord Minto's able and statesman-like speech on
the state of the navy has given great satisfaction to all
who take an interest in the proper maintenance of that
right arm of our national strength. That the navy has
been most unwisely reduced to an unprecedented low
state, at a time when the political horizon presents a
cloudy and troubled aspect, is evinced by the fact,
as stated by his Lordship, that at the present moment
we have only nine line-of-battle ships in commission,
three of which are small seventy-two's employed upon
distant stations. His Lordship also might have added
the astounding fact, that should the services of the St.
Vincent be required in the Mediterranean, the whole
coast of England from Sheerness to Falmouth will be
left in a totally defenceless and unprotected state, there
not being a single man-of war ready for sea in any
port throughout Great Britain I We would ask Lord
Haddington is this being prepared for any emergency?
—Hampshire Independent.
THE NEW NOVEL, " PARSONS AND WIDOWS," BY
THE AUTHOR OF " PETER PRIGGINS."-Of country cler-
gymen we already possess in works of imagination
several exceedingly interesting portraits, from the racy
sketches of old Father Chaucer's Pilgrimage to Canter-
bury, to the highly-finished picture in Goldsmith's Vicar
of Wakefield, but they form a class of society affording
many varieties—the social, the intellectual, the witty,
and the humorous, are sure to be found in their ranks,
and their sayings and doings would furnish a rare ban-
quet
to any wayfarer anxious for that great attraction
to sign-boards, " good entertainment." At l east, so
it appears, thought the clever author of " Parsons
and Widows," and in the three amusing volumes he has
provided for the reader there is ample evidence he
thought right. He has taken off the roofs of parsonage
houses and rectories as easily as the Devil on Two
and let us
iSnttiocksthdeidmtahneydwpellleainsagnstofsetchreetsSpatnhiesyh
lly
concealed. The
widows, too, a section of the great female family, who,
time out of mind, have been peculiarly famed for knowing
what they are about, are also made to contribute their
experience for the reader's amusement. In short,
" Parsons and Widows" may be considered, for both
sexes, one of the most attractive novels of the season.

in a public office, under the superintendence of. this
department, of all documents made public by the
promoters of any such joint-stock undertaking as may
be formed subsequently to the passing of the Act,—
my Lords are of opinion that there will be adequate
security for their being duly apprised, from time to
time, of the origin and progress of future railway
projects up to the periods of the presentation of
the Bills.
To
stages, before the passing of the Acts of
sed to Tirl the
ora-
tion, my Lords will cause to
be adderetosannexed (A).
and now in exist-
the announced to
be preparede of these, and the
Parliamentaryinak e
theAps formof
si similar pthroeveisi
ricounlsa_rrfehoaerEytheix: subsequent
q ne nt
public
srrainiglwthaye
pprreosjeencttsyae.rlh.,
ence, but not having assumed law, my
annexed to be addressed to
cLirocrudlsardlierettectr amlisht
the solicitors or other lead,promoters of
them.
(A.
CIRCULAR LETTER, TO PARLIAMENTARY AGENTS.
Railway Department, Board of Trade,
Whitehall, August, 1844.
Sir,—Referring to the recommendation of the
Select Committee on Railways, that " Railway Bills
be submitted to the Board of Trade previously. to
their coming under the notice of Parliament," wth
a view to the examination of these Bills by the Board,
etroeto.
and to the resolution adopted by the House, "That in
the case of Railway Bills, a copy of every Bill an-
nexed to a petition be deposited in the office of the
Board of Trade on or before the day of presentation
of the petition to the House," I am directed by the
Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade
to call your attentign to the course of proceedings
with regard to Railway Bills entrusted to your
charge, which will become necessary in order to give
effect to the proposed supervision of the Board of
Trade over such Bills during their progress through
Parliament.
My Lords will be desirous of exercising this super-

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II

4d

b.l‘•-tiubsul
' alms-4- . t S

01/
vision with the least possible interPe4ep,Wlo
ordinary progress of Parliamentarr---
with this view they conceive that the most
course will be to require that the information neces-
sary to enable them to forma judgment on the Bill
at its different stages should be furnished to them by
the agents at the same times as such information is
required to be lodged at the Private Bill-office by
the standing orders of the House.
Accordingly my Lords think proper to propose,
in regard to Railway Bills,
1. That a copy of such filled-up Bill as proposed
to be submitted to the Committee, as is deposited in
compliance with the 136th standing order in the
Private Bill-office at or before the time of giving
notice of the Committee, be at the same time de-
posited in the office of the railway department Qf the
Board of Trade.

2. That a printed copy of every. Bill as amended
in Committee, except in cases wherein the Committee
shall report the amendments to be merely verbal or
literal, be deposited by the agent for the Bill at the
office of the railway department of the Board of
Trade, three clear days at least before the considera-
tion of the report.
3. That in the case of Railway Bills, where it Is
intended to bring up any clause, or to propose any
amendment in the report, or the consideration of the
report, or on the third reading of any Bill, notice
shall be given thereof, and a copy of such clause or
amendment deposited in the office of the railway de-
partment of the Board of Trade on the city previous
to such report, or consideration of the report, or third

_
_ .
reading.
amend-
ments made'hat
by theintheeasne oofusßeaoilf Lordsway Bills, N‘a'nhyereuill
sentup to them are to be taken into consideration, a copy
of the same be deposited by the agent for the Bill in
the office of the railway department of the Board of
Trade, on the day previous to the same being proposed
to be taken into consideration.

In fixing the same periods for the deposit of infor-
mation regarding Railway Bills in the railway de.
partment of the Board of Trade, as is required by the
standing orders of the House in regard to the deposit
of similar information in the Private Bill-office, my
Lords wish, however, to call your attention to the
desirableness of furnishing, in all cases of Railway
Bills, any information respecting them, at the earliest
periods when it may be found practicable.—l am, &c.
(Signed) S. LAING.
(B.)
CIRCULAR LETTER TO THE PROMOTERS OP RAILWAY

SCHEMES.
Railway Department, Board of Trade,
Whitehall, August, 1844.
Sir,—Referring to the recommendation of the Se-
lect Committee on Railways, that a supervision should
be exercised by a department of the Government
over future railway schemes in their earlier stages,
and to the resolutions founded on that recommenda-
tion which have been adopted by the House of Com-
mons—l am directed by the Lords of the Committee
of Privy Council for Trade to call your attention to
the functions which this department is about to under-
take with reference to the railway schemes in which
you are interested
otherwise, a
(as
sthe
solicitor,
case
agent,
may b
eer. man of
company, or
It will be their Lordships' wish to discharge these
functions so as to incur the smallest possible risk of
obstructing the progress of Railway Bills and under-
takings, by the delay necessary for adequate exa-
mination ; and with this view it is obviously desirable
that they should be placed by the promoters of such
schemes in possession of the necessary information at
the earliest possible period. Accordingly, my Lords
request that you will use due diligence in communi-
cating with them from time to time without delay, as
occasion may arise, respecting railway schemes in
contemplation, in which you may be interested as a
promoter or otherwise ; and in due course respecting
the detailed nature of such schemes, and the specific
legal provisions which it is intendecl_ to seek from
Parliament.—l am, &c.
(Signed) S. LAING.