The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-18 00:00:00

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be
eember of the present year.
This Institution offers many important and substar
tage3 with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferrel
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow,
Pense or forfeiture of tho Policy, two-thirds of the prey
(gee table); also the option of selecting benefits, and the
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity.
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates,
F. FERGUSON CAMEO

.tial advan-
. Annuities.
vithout ex-
[ilium paid,
conversion
Assurances

,UX, Sec.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES

ASSURED.

ATEDICAL, INVALID, and GENERAL LIFE
OFFICE, 25, PALL-MALL, LONDON.

TRUSTEES.
Charles Hopkinson, Esq., Regent-street.
Sir Thomas Phillips, Temple.
Alfred Waddilove, D.C.L, Doctors' Commons.
DIRECTORS.
Edward Doubleday, Esq., 249, I C. Richardson, Esq., 19, Rm.

Great Surrey-street. ton street, Berkeley-square.
George Gun Hay, Esq., 127, Thomas Stevenson,Esq., F.S. A..

•
Sloane street. 37, Upper Grosvenor-street.
Ptrkinson, Esq., F R.S., SO, I Robert Bentley Todd, M.D.,

Cambridge-terrace, H)de.park. , F.R.S., 26 Parliament_street.
Benjamin Phillips, Esq., F. R.S., Alfred Waddilove, D.C. L.,
17, Wimpole.street. I Doctors' Commons.
_ AUDITORS.

John Pursord, Esq., 7, York- J. Stirling Taylor, Esq ,
terrace, Regent's-park. 14, Upper Gloucester-place,
Joseph Radford, E6q., 97, Dorset square.
Cambridge terrace, Hyde- Martial L. Welch, Esq.. Wynd-
park. I ham. place Bryanston-square.
STANDING COUNSEL---John Shapter, Esq., Lincoln's Inn.
BANKERS—Messrs. C. Hopkinson and Co., Regent-street.

SOLICITORS—Messrs. Richardson and Smith, 2S, Golden-square.
DEPARTAIIINT OF MEDICAL STATISTICS—WiIIiam Farr, Esq.,
General Register Office.
AcTusnY—F. 0. P. Nelson, Esq.

This Office is provided with very accurately constructed tables,
by which it can assure unsound lives on equitable terms.

Cimilar tables enable the Society to grant increased annuities on
Unfound lives, the amount varying with the particular disease.

• bitmbers of consemptive (=Lies assured at equitable rates.
Healthy lives are assured on lower terns than at most ether
offices.
'The first Life Assurance Society commenced business in 1705,
and the principles of life contingencies, understood at that time to
a very limited extent only, have repeatedly undergone important
changes and improvements; but till the establishment of this So
ciety in 1941 no attempt had ever been made to assure the lives of
Persons who suffer from disease.

The science of statistics has only within a recent period been
Successfully applied to the duration and mortality of disease, and
hence tables on the probability of these results could not have been
formed ; and it would evidently have been unsafe and hazardous
for any society to have undertaken the risk of assuring the lives of
Persons afflicted with any particular malady. The statistical in_
formation, however, now collected, and in possession of this office,
IS of so great an extent as fully to warrant the extension of life
assurance to such cases, and, in fact, to place the application of life
assurance on diseased lives on a more secure basis than even that
en healthy lives.
It is hoped that while kept clearly in view that this Society, in
tarnmon with other offices, will assure the lives of healthy persons,
It Is as yet the only one established to assure the lives of persons
labouring under disease; and to this latter feature particular atten.
bon is directed.
In the first place, because it opens a larger field for business than
all other offices can have unitedly; and in the

Second place, because that branch of assurance must, from its
°Wn nature, be less hazardous, and its principles rest on a more
Permanent foundation.
These are two highly important facts, and we shall enter into an
"Planation of each ; and first, as to the prevalence of disease.
The period of life most important to an assurance office is that be-
tween 15-60 years of age, and in the following remarks we refer
"elusively to this period of life.
It will be found that the deaths in the metropolis for the two
?ears preceding 1842 were, from all causes, 30,518 ; and from
nsumptien alone, 10,688 ; showing that mere than one-third of
the total deaths in that period of life takes place from the preva-
lence of a single disease ; and if the same inquiry were instituted
with respect to other disease', such as asthma, dropsy, diseases of
the head, heart, &c., it would be found that more than one-half
alin onthisesiwhole population would, on medical examination, be refused
into an assurance office. If the inquiry be carried to
the
he principal towns in England, like facts are elicited—in Bir.
ruiligham, Liverpool and Manchester, the deaths from all causes,
Per annum, are about 5,023, while those from consumption are
1,988, forming considerably more than one.third of the whole. The
lame thing will be found to hold good in the large towns in Scot-
land, in six of which the deaths in a given period, from all causes,
amounted to 23,078, those from consumption alone to 6,359, and
from six important diseases, 9,754; in the latter case forming more
than 42 per cent. of the deaths from all causes. On reference to
the returns from the city of Glasgow for 1836-1840 it will be
found that the deaths in that period, from all causes, were 14,107,
treierhannsumi)tion 4,087, and a list of five diseases, 6,423, being
45 per cent. of the deaths from all causes.
cesok;° diseases here alluded to are such as exist in general in a
ante form, frequently for many years prior to death, but which,
en a
strict examination, would effectually exclude the
Persons medical
it thus 50 affected from the benefits of life assurance ; and since
Us appears that a majority of the population is included in this
class
the value and importance of the new feature of this society
- fail to be justly appreciated.
'lle second poliit to be explained is the fact that there is
-"itch less risk in assuring diseased lives. This is a feature of
Paramount and vital importance to the Interests of this society, and
deserves to be carefully considered.
.„ The real risk incurred in all assurance transactions consists in
t_fle chance to which an office is liable of experiencing a different
degree of mortality from that expected by the tabjes on which its
caculations are founded. This difference is termed the fluctuation
lives
Mortality, and will be found to be much less among diseased
uves than over the general population, and among selected lives.
The deaths from consumption in the metropolis per annum are
Sufficienily near the annual number which takes place in Glasgow,
from all causes, to admit of a comparison, and by reducing the
Matter to figures it is found that while the fluctuation per annum
111 the latter case is as high as 45 per cent., in the former it is only
Per cent., or, in other words, the fluctuation of mortalit) in
consumption
was only one-fifth of the other; and in Manchester,
iverpool, and Birmingham, even with the disadvantage of
gleaner numbers, the fluctuation does not exceed 3 per cent.,
thciwing a remarkable uniformity in the law which determines the
mortality of this disease, and that it is more positive and absolute
In its results than that which regulates the general population.
Consumption,i has here been selected, not because it was consi-
rred more favourable in its results, but simply on account of the
larger numbers affording a more satisfactory proof of the question
Under consideration ; but the same test has been app.ied to a great
number of other diseases, and like results obtained. Among nine
diseasesd in the metropolis, including asthma, dropsy, rheumatism,
Pease of the liver, of the heart, of the nervous system, &c., the
auctuation was only 71 per em.t., and in five diseases in a different
district the fluctuation was about 7 per cent., while among eleven
in another locality, and even with small numbers, the fluctuation
did not exceed 6.2 per cent. ; and taking the principal towns in
-"gland, including Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Leeds,
Sh
-effield, &c the fluctuation over eleven of the more important
diseases was 6'4 per cent,
The remarkable uniformity in these results cannot fail to pro.
duce a conviction of the positive character of the law of mortality
'n disease; indeed, there seems to be nothing within the whole
:ange of the doctrine of probabilities so well defined as the mor-
41itY of diseased lives. The mortality of the general population
es frequently been referred to by writers as an example of the eer-
y of common events, but the preceding remarks must show with
"nsv much greater certainty the mortality of diseased lives can be
‘▪
ePended on.
4, It is perhaps right to state, that, in applying the test of
"uctuation to disease, it has not been confined to one place or
class of lives, but has been extended to the principal towns in
"gland and Scotland, as well as to many rural districts in Eng-
,end, and included the experience e one or two large societies of
'elect lives. This has afforded an opportunity of judging of the
rects of locality and its sanatory condition en the duraticn of
2,. and a remarkable fact has thus been developed, viz.,
;flat the value of life generally is much greater in the coun..
11 districts than in large cities; but that of those persons
~,
I'o suffer from disease the value of life Is nearly the same. As
• "ample of this—the expectation at the age of 30 in the country
istricts is 36.7 years ; in cities (viz., Glasgow) 27.6 years—diffe-
rence 33 per cent. nearly ; but take the case of persons of that
14! in whom the consumptive tendency is developed, and who will
'unately die of consumption, and their expect ate m of life in the
counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, will be found to be 14'5,
in cities (Glasgow) 14'4, and in the metropolis, Manchester, Bir-
shVgbant, 13'9 ; difference 'Ol7 per cent. (or 1.57 per cent.) It
therefore appears that while the difference between country and
-tvn life in the former case is about 33 per cent., that in the latter
istance (consumption) the difference is ahnost nothing, and the
'esults nearly uniform. The same thing holds good with some
;thee diseases, which have been investigated in this manner. This
acr. although not generally understood, is only what might have
rep expected by a careful consideration of the conclusion formerly
lir''ved at—that the fluctuation of the law of mortality in disease
enufined within a very narrow limit, and consequently little in-
°need by external circumstances.
'thence appears that the fluctuation in the mortality of diseased
noes
much less than among select lives and the population gene-
s. Y. and therefore the risk of assuring diseased lives must also be
see 4

re apply this conclusion to the affairs of an assurance effice, it
mkY be stated, that supposing the number of lives in a society,
l•„,,fig only select lives, was such that the table of mortality would
'i'leate 100 deaths per annum, it would be necessary to have
I°5Y5 sufficient funds at immediate command to meet 145 deaths ;
2' the other hand, an office assuring only diseased lives need not
rFirovide for more than 109 deaths per annum; that is to say, the
„:41(_ or ensuring diseased lives is to that of average lives as 9 to 45,
i-hr."l3, one. fifth. This fact is highly important to the interests of
or!' Society, and establishes beyond doubt the safety and correctness
' the principles on which it is founded.
For further information, reference is made to the prospectuses
"4 oth
et Published dstcum.2nts of the Society, which may be ob..
-eci on application at the Society's offices.
F. G. P. NELSON, Actuary.

BEST APERIENT AND ANTIRILIOUS MiDICINE
R SION USE.
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to_
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tepression of spirits ; while those of a full habit and free
Who are continually suffering front •Irowsiness, heavine s, and
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