The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-29 00:00:00

'G at FIVE O'CLOCK, in nine for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY ; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the AFTERNOON TRAINS
and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for P 057; containing PARLIAM.ENTARI and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that flour.
ADVERTISEMENTSi INSERTED in ALL THE THREE pAREIRS, Morning Noon, - and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNJ

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION' .
CAPTAIN WARNER'S EXPERIMENT.
In consequence of the DESTRUCTIVE EXPLOSION off BRIGII-
TON, the Directors of the ROYAL POLYTECIIIC INSTITUTION
yield to the generally expressed wish that Dr. RYAN should adapt
one of his Lectures to the Subject of EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS.
This Lecture, illustrated by interesting Experiments, so far as they
can be shown with perfect safety, will be delivered daily at Four
o'clock, except on Mondays and Saturdays, and in the Evenings !of
Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays, at a Quarter to Nine o'clock. On
Mondays and Saturdays, at Four o'clock, Dr. POTT'S PNEUMA-
TIC MODE of forming SUBMARINE FOUNDATIONS in DEEP
WATER, with various interesting Experiments. Professor BACII-
HOFFNER'S Lectures, and all the other subjects of interest in the
Institution.

Admission, 13.; Schools, Half-price.

LONDON, EDINBURGH, and DUBLIN
LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
Charlotte-row, Mansion-house, and 18, Ckancery-lane, London.

DIRECTORS.

KENNETT KINGSFORD, Esq., Chairman.
EENJA_IIIN IFILL, Esq.. Deputy Chairman.
Alexander Alderson, Esq. James Hartley, Esq.
John Atkins, Esq. I John 3l`Guflie, Esq

_
James Bidden, Esq.
Captain F. Braidreth.

. _
John Maclean Lee, Esq.
J. Marmaduke Rosseter, Esq.

AUDITORS.
ii. EL Canaan, Esq. • Robert E. Alison, Esq.
MEDICAL Anwasa—Marshall Hall, M.D., F.R.S., L. and E.
Szcarreny—John Emerson, Esq.
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Palmer, France, and Palmer.

TIIIS IS. THE ONLY COMPANY who are bound by their deed
of constitution not to dispute any policy, unless they can prove that
it was obtained by fraudulent misrepresentation ; the great aim and
object having been, to render Life Policies COMPLETE SECURI-
TIES and NEGOTIABLE DOCUMENTS, which shall owe their
value to the certainty of the contracts upon which they are founded,
turd be independent of the liberality or caprice of those who shall )ae
in the management of the affairs of the Company when the claims
arise ; and for this purpose the Company have, bra clause in their
deed of constitution, unhesitatingly deprived themselves of the
power of objecting to any policy, unless they undertake to prove that
it was obtained from. them by fraudulent misrepresentation. The
regulations common to all other Life Companies, which make the
validity of assurance contracts dependent upon the perfect correct-
ness of the many statements required from a proposer for a Life
Policy, and which have given rise to almost all the questions which
have been argued in the Courts, and to many extra judicial com-
promises, axe thus entirely abrogated; and nothing but fraud, proved
to have been committed against them, can vitiate a policy granted by
this Company.

THIS IS THE ONLY COMPANY from whom the assured on the
mutual principle, receive the whole of the mutual accumulatioUs,
and also a guarantee from the Shareholders fur the sums assured.

THIS IS THE ONLY COMPANY who bind themselves to pay
the sums in the policies, although the debts for which they were
effected shall have been liquidated before the claims arise. The
Company considering it only just towards the assured that wkere
premiums have been paid for assuring a given amount, that amount
should be paid; and they undertake to de so without reference to
the state of the accounting between the assured and his debtor. ,

THIS IS ALMOST THE ONLY COMPANY who grant in favour
of creditors whole world policies, whereby the debt is secured,
although the debtor should go beyond the limits of Europe.
The premiums calculated according to the Carlisle Tables, are
lower than usual upon young lives, where participation in the profits
is not required ; and for short assurances, which, at the option of the
assured, may be continued for life, the rates are as low as a due re-
gard to complete security will permit.
TRIENNIAL ASCENDING SCALE TO ASSURE £lOO.

First Second Third Fourth Remainder
Age. Three Yrs. Three Yrs. Three Yrs. Three Yrs. of Life.
- --..--- -
X s. 4. X s. d. Xs. d. X s. d. X s. d.
25 .. •• . 1 2 7 1 9 9 116 11 2 4 1 211 3
35 ...... 1 9 9 119 6 2 9 3 219 0 3. 8 9
45 ...... 2 1 0 214 10 3 8 8 4 2 6 416 4
55 .... •• 311 1 410 9 510 5 610 1 7 9 9
GO ...... 4 811 517 4 7 5 9 814 2 10 2 7

BY THE HALF PREMIUM PLAN only one-half of the first
seven years' premium is required, the other half being payable at
at the convenienoe of the assured; thus allowing a Policy to be
continued for seven years at one-half of the usual rate, or to be
dropped at one-half of the usual sacrifice, and entitling the assured,
seven years hence, when loss of health may prevent him from
effecting a new Assurance, to continue a Policy at a rate of premium
applicable to as age seven years younger. The Half-premium plan
of Assurance, as practised by this Company, thus enables persons
to retain to their own use the one-half of the premiums for the
first seven years, at 5/. per cent. interest. Thus, suppose the or-
dinary premium for an assurance of 5001. to be 101., the first pay-
ment by the half-premium plan will be five guineas, being the cute-
half of the 101., and Interest for the retained half; and, If death
should occur In the first year, the sum of 5001. would be paid less the
51. retained. The assured may thus have the use for the first year
of 51. ; for the second, of 10/. ; and so on till the end of the
seventh year, when the retained sums, amounting to 351., may either
be repaid, or retained at 51. per cent. interest until death, when the
35/. would be subtracted from the 5001. then payab, ~by the Company.

TO ASSURE ONE HE DEED FOUNDS ON HALF PREk.OM SYSTEM.

Age.

. 8. d

o 16 1
O 18 0
1 0 7
1 3 6

X. s. d.

- 1 11 5
- 1 16 6
-2 3 9
- 2 12 5

orwarded to applicants, free of ex-

,EX. ROBERTSON, Manager.

. ,
CROSBY HALL, BISHOPSGATE-STREET.
Last night but one, TOMORROW EVENING, TUESDAY, July X3O,
MISS
CLARA SEYTON will give her PO-
PULAR LECTURE on COMEDY, with favourite SONS
and RECITATIONS.
Pianoforte, Mr. W. Masters. ,•
Admission, 2s. Reserved seats, 2s. 6d.
Tickets to be had at all the principal music sellers, and at the
To commence at Eight precisely. Doors open at Half-past Sevep.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUit-
ANCE SOCIETY,
•
26, CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital E. 500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society lies
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts Invested en each
Policy effected ou the Profit Beale.

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
•
This institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both I. Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities,
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without az-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of Mb premium palfl,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Sec.

LEGAL and EQUITABLE LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Capital, One Million, in 10,000 Shares of 1001. each.
Deposit 51. per Share.
PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE.
Capron, George, Esq., Saville-place.
Clarke, Mr. Sergeant, Temple.
Cooper, Charles Purton, Esq., Q.C., New Boswell-court.
Dwarris Sir Fortunatus, a Master of the Queen's Bench.
Ewart, Francis, Esq., Temple.
Glover, Mr. Sergeant, Sergeant's Inn, Chancery-lane.
Hughes, Wm. Hughes, Esq. F.S.A.,&c. (Alderman), Temple.
Koc, John Herbert, Esq.. Q.C., Lincoln's Inn.
Lucas, John Esq., Argyll-street.
Philimore, Joseph, D.C.L., Doctor's Commons.
Rogers, Fras. Newman, Esq., Q.C., Temple.
Senior Nassau, W., Esq., a Master in Chancery.
Wilbraham, Edward, Esq., Q.C. Lincoln's Inn.
With power to add to their number.
BANKERS—Messrs. Mare, Fleet-street.
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Lucas and Parkinson, 9, Argyll-street, Regent-
street.
The Members of the Legal Profession are informed that the Shares
in the Capital Stock of this Society will be ALLOTED in the order of
the dates of the applications, on the Ist of August next.
Applications for shares to be addressed to the Provisional Com-
mittee, No. 9, Argyll-street, Regent-street, London, where prospec-
tuses may be obtained.

RIDING HABlTS.—Ladies are invited to in-
spect those made by Messrs. NICOLL, Habit-makers to the
Queen and most of the Ladles of the Court.
Cards, may be had at 114, Regent-street, London.
Messrs. Nicoll offer moderate prices, as a further inducement to a
orrect fitting habit,

FMPLOYMENT.—Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
or the sale of their celebrated teas.

Offices, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopegate-street.
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a
pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but
little trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per
annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without ene shilling let, or loss.
Application to be made (if by letter post-paid) as above.

Published, the 10th July, demy Bvo, Price 2s.
FVIL REMARKS thereon. By LUKE
JAMES HANSARD :—Being an ADDRESS to MAN for
the BEST PROTECTION of the YOUNG,—seeking the Diminution
and Cessation of Seduction and Prostitution, and having reference to
the Bill, " Brothels' Suppression," withdrawn on its being pro-
posed for Third Reading in the House of Lords (on the 9th July
Instant).

Printed and Published by James and Luke James Hansard, 6,
Great Turnstile, Lincoln's Inn-fields, London.

Now ready, in 2 vols. Bvo.,
PERSECUTIONS OF POPERY.
CONTENTS :—Rise and Progress of the Papal Power, spiri-
tual and temporal—Persecution of the Albigenses—Permanent Per-
secution of the Inquisition—Persecution of the Lollards—Persecution
of the Vaudois or Waldenses—Persecutions in France, in the years
preceding the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 15604572—Massacre of
St. Bartholomew—Persecutions in the Cevennes—Persecutions and
Spirit of Popery in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries—Sum-
mary of the Principles and Regulations of the Ecclesiastical Code
established in the Austrian dominions by the Emperor Joseph ll.
Ecclesiastical Regulations adopted in France by Napoleon. By
FREDERICK SIIOBERL, Esq.

Richard I3eutly, New Burlington-street,
Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

LAME tIT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
" He who in pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or youthfulchartafi,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me behold a man!"
Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price b. ed..
or sent by post, free, to any address, Si. 6d.,
QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinking., Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon
9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospita 1 Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecary's Hall, London,&c.
" The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
" The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
coffering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-row; Starie, 23, Tichborne-street, Quadrant, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, 114, Chancery-
lane; Gordon. 146, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till Three. and from Five till Eight.

THE PITMEN'S STRIKE.—The Marquis of London-
derry has published the fol!owing notice:—" July 20,
1844.—The Marquis of Londonderry has given orders
that no person, pitman or workman, is to be per-
mitted to come in his carriages, or any of their
families, to Seaham Harbour, for the purposes of
marketing or buying goods, who are not bona fide at
his work, and employed in his collieries. Lord London-
derry again warns all the shopkeepers and tradesmen
in his town of Seaham, that if they still give credit to
pitmen who hold off work, and continue in the union,
such men will be marked by his agents and overmen,
and will never be employed in his collieries again ;
and the shopkeepers may be assured that they will
never have any custom or dealings with them from
Lord Londonderry's large concerns that he can in
any manner prevent. Lord Londonderry further informs
the traders and shopkeepers, that having by his mea-
sures increased very largely the last year's trade to Sea-
ham, that if credit is so improperly and so fatally given
to his unreasonable pitmen, thereby prolonging the in-
jurious strike, it is his firm determination to carry back
all the outlay of his concerns even to Newcastle. Because
it is neither fair, just, nor equitable that the resident
traders in his own town should combine and assist the
infatuated workmen and pitmen in prolonging their own
miseries by continuing an insane strike, and an unjust
and senseless warfare against their proprietors and
masters."

FORGE ME Not.—" Did you ever hear what it
was that led to the discovery of the fact—that letters
were opened by the creatures of the Government?" in-
quired a rather shrewd customer of ours the other day.
It was this :—A letter, secured by a seal with the
motto Forget me not' had been subjected to the scru-
tiny of the authorities. and, on closing which, a small
portion of the wax, containing the last letter of the first
wordipf the motto, was loosened and fell off. The atten-
tion of the recipient of the letter was drawn to the
matter by the broken appearance of the wax, and the
reproof conveyed in the mutilated motto-4 forge me
not,' confirmed the suspicion that the services of Paul
Pry, or some of his fraternity, bad been in requisition."
—Leicester Mercury.

SUMMER ASSIZES.
WESTERN CIROUIT.—Exeter, July 26 and 27.
ARSON.—James Bovy wAs indicted for setting fire to a rick
of furze' at CragfOrd, on. the 30th of April, the property of
John Stanbury.
Mr. Bevan conducted the prosecution ; the prisoner was
undefended.

From the evidence it appeared that the prisoner came into
the prosecutor's service on the 24th of April, and remained
six days; he was sent into the fields to pick stones. On the
3d of April the prisoner went to one end of the field, lighted
his pipe, smoked, and sang, and whistled; he then knelt
down by some furze, and put his hand under it; a snap was
heard, and immediately afterwards flames burst out from the
furze. The prisoner then clapped his hands. He was asked
afterwards who set it on fire? He said, " I did it." He was
then told he would be transported; he said, "That's what I
did it for; I don't want to stop in this country any longer. I
shall have bread for life now; bread for ever l"
The prosecutor said the value of the rick was about 205.;
and he admitted that he had offered to settle the matter for
50s.

The pnsoner said he had not done it wilfully, and he was
very sorry for it the moment he had done it.
The jury found the prisoner Guilty.—Sentence deferred.
From the appearance of the prisoner in the dock, it was
evident that he was insane.
Thomas Acland was indicted for the manslaughter of
Francis Perry, on the 24th of March last, at Tiverton, and
James Winsbarrow was indicted as an accessory.
Mr. Ball conducted the case for the prosecution, and Mr.
Rowe defended Winabarner, and „Ur. Phinn appeared for
Acland.
- It appeared that on Sunday evening, the 24th of March,
the two prisoners were drinking at the Half-moon public-
house at Tiverton, when a man of the name of Tozer came
in and asked for lodgings, but mild not procure any. He
then went out with a view of inquiring at other places. The
prisoners followed him and dodged him about for a consider-
able time. At length they met Perry, and some little con-
versation took place. Acland said they were constables and
would see Tozer out of the town, and 'then Acland struck
Perry with his fist and knocked him down, and he then
kicked him several times. Perry lay quite still. He was
afterwards taken tothe:Red Lion public-house, where he died
in the course of the night.
The jury found Acland Guilty, and Winsbarrow Not Guilty.
Acland was then sentenced to three months' imprisonment.
ARSON.— TV. Rapsey was indicted for setting fire to a rick
of hay, the property of John Hook, at Honiton.
Mr. Poulden conducted the case for the prosecution, and
Mr. Cox defended the prisoner.
This case depended entirely upon circumstantial evidence.
It appeared that in April the prosecutor had a rick of hay
at Ottery Moorfield, near Honiton. It was burnt on the
night of the 16th of April, about 8 o'clock in the evening.
On that night, about 7 o'clock, the prisoner went to a house
in Honiton and bought a box of lucifer-matches. At about
20 minutes past,lo o'clock he went into the same shop ;
they were talking about the fire, and the prisoner said,
"D— it, it burnt well, by God." The prisoner was intoxi-
cated on both occasions of his going to the shop. About
half-past 7 o'clock that evening the prisoner was seen to
jump up behind the Forester coach as it was going out of
Honiton. The coach would go somewhere near the spot
where the rick was. In about 10 minutes after the
alarm of fire the prisoner was again seen in Honiton ;
and was heard to say that it was not ad— of odds if he
was on fire. Just as the fire was first seen the prisoner was
observed sitting in a hedge two fields off, with his face to-
wards the fire. The prisoner was seen to go down Ottery-
field-lane immediately after the Forester coach passed the
top of the lane. The prisoner was heard that evening to
say, " He was sorry for Hook, though he had been a rogue to
him, and it was a pity that lucifer-matches should have been
invented." The prisoner was apprehended two days after-
wards near his own house. He was asked if he had pur-
chased any lucifers, and he said he had, but that he had lost
them out of his pocket. The question at length became one
almost of seconds as to the times at which the prisoner was
seen in different places.
Mr. Cox addressed the jury with great force for the prisoner,
pointing out the various improbabilities of the case.
Mr. Justice WIGHTMA3I having summed up, the jury Ac-
quitted the prisoner.
In the Civil Court the business has all been of the most un-
interesting description. There has not been a single case to
justify a report.

MIDLAND ClRCUlT.—Nottingham, July 26.
The Right Hon. Lord Denman and Mr. Justice Coltman
arrived in this town yesterday afternoon, and, having opened
the commission for the county and county of the town, at
about five o'clock, proceeded to attend Divine service at St.
Peter's Church.

Their Lordships took their seats in the county-hall at ten
o'clock this day—the Lord Chief Justice presiding in the
Crown Court, and Mr. Justice Coltman on the Civil Side.
The calendar presented 25 cases and 30 prisoners for trial.
One man, William Saville, stood charged upon four indict-
ments for murder, the sufferers being his wife and three
children ; and four with a burglary in the dwelling-house of
George Clarke, at Sutton-in-Ashfield, and rape therein (see
infra.) There were also two cases of cutting with intent to
murder, and one each of manslaughter, rape, arson, assault,
stealing from the person, and horse-stealing, and two of sheep-
stealing.
On the civil side there were 12 causes for trial for the
county, of which four were undefended, two are for special
juries appointed for to-morrow morning, and two are indict-
ments against the parish of Hickling. One of the others
was a writ of inquiry, of which the facts were uninteresting,
wherein the jury have returned a verdict for 2001.
In the town there is one cause, " Whitmore and others v.
Hideout" (the bank case), which is a remanet from the last
assizes.

CROWN COURT.--(Before Lord DENMAN%)
William Boot, aged 18, James Smith, aged 19, Peter Alford,
aged 20, and James Wild, aged 23, were indicted for a bur-
glary in the night of the 28th of March last, in the dwelling-
house of George Clark, at Sutton-in-Ashfield. The prisoner
Boots pleaded guilty.
Mr. Willmore conducted the prosecution ; the prisoners
were undefended.

It appeared that on the night in question, down to half-
past eleven o'clock, the four prisoners were drinking together
at the Black Bull public-house at Sutton. They then went
thence to have "a set," which meant in pursuit of game.
They, however, changed their intention, and determined
upon going instead to commit a burglary in the house of the
poor man, Clarke, who was on his death-bed, and in a state
wholly unfit to offer resistance, and the next day ceased to
live. They broke open the door with a hatchet, and took 6d.
or 7d. from the pocket of Clarke, which was all the money in
the cot. One propOsed to take away some clothes also ; but
the others objected, and this was not done. The prisoner
Alford then committed a crime of another sort towards Emma
Sansom, a poor woman 57 years of age, and Boot or Smith
did so also, one of the others holding down the deceased man
Clarke by his wrists the while. This occured at about twelve
o'clock at night. When the men came up to the house, a
voice was heard outside to say, "George, George! open the
door; I want a light." When they got in they complained
that Emma Sansom had not brought them a light, when she
said she wouldn't, and the poor old man was unable to move.
They asked the poor man for money, and the woman said,
How can you expect such a poor man to have any money ?"
The woman had very many years before borne a child to
Clarke; but he afterwards married another woman, and, after
her death, she served him in the capacities of housekeeper
and nurse, but did not reside in the house. On the night in
question she undressed and went to the same bed with Clarke,
but this was only because he was on the point of death and
could not be left, and there was no other bed or room in the
house. One of the men asked for a pistol, and the poor
woman, who had been subject to paralytic strokes, was much
frightened and screamed loudly, crying out that she should
die, or to that effect ; but they stopped her mouth with their
hands. Clarke told them to take all, but go away. The wo-
man, on examination by a surgeon a week afterwards, was
found to be very badly bruised
The jury found all Guilty of the burglary, for which alone
they were indicted, and
His LORDSHIP having observed strongly upon the nature
of so brutal an outrage as that of which they had been con-
victed, committed in the house of a sick man in their own
condition of life, unable to resist, and at the point of death,
and remarked that he was aware also, by the perusal of the
disgusting story told in the depositions in the other case,
which were before him, of the other atrocity of which they
had been so profligately guilty, sentenced them to be sever-
ally transported for the term of 15 years.
CIVIL SlDE.—(Before Mr. Justice COLTMAN.)
WILD (SUING IN FORMA FAUPERIS) P. FISHER AND OTHERS.
The undefended and some wholly uninteresting cases
having been first disposed of, the above-named cause was
tried, and occupied the Court until its rising at about five.
It was an action of trespass for turning the plaintiff and
her son, and all belonging to them, out of a cottage at Cope-
land Butler. _ _

Mr. Miller conducted the plaintiff's case, aud Mr. White-
hurst, Queen's Counsel, and Mr. Waddington, represented
the defendants.
The defendants were public officers of the parish, and were
represented as on this occasion acting under the direction of
his Grace the Duke of Newcastle.

The question at issue was as to the right of the plaintiff to
the cottage, or to possession of it, as against the Noble
Duke ; a former proceeding had been instituted by the occu-
pant of another cottage, which had been referred to Mr.
Beaumont by the then plaintiff's desire, who had given a
decision, though he had not made a regular award. The
jury now, in this case, returned a verdict for the plaintiff—
Damages 401.
An action of ejectment at the same suit will probably
follow at the next assizes.
July 27.
CROWN SIDE.
William Saville, aged twentv-nine, was charged with the
wilful murder of his wife and three children.
Mr. Wildman and Mr. Mellor conducted the case for the
prosecution; and Mr. Flower the defence.
The prisoner is a frame-work-knitter, living at new Rad-
ford, near Nottingham ; and, in the month of May, lodged
at the house of a man named Sutton, his wife and three
children being at that time in the workhouse. They came
out the Monday preceding the day of the murder (Tuesday).
attachment to a young female namedTSaavteilleanh
for the commission of the crime with which he was charged
was, that lie was desirous of ridding himself of his wife,
who stood in his way, and his children, whom he looked
dadthfeoromnelyd
m an
moth e that suggested itself to the mind
upon in the light of incumbrances. When the poor woman
with her three unfortunate infants (for the age of the oldest
was not more than seven, the youngest little more than
three) left the workhouse, she said she would go and see if
she could find her husband, and on the following morning
Saville, his wife, and the three children, were seen together
in Nottingham. In the afternoon of the same day, and at
various times on Tuesday, he was seen alone; and in ac-
counting for the absence of his wife and children, was heard
to say he had lost sight of them near a street called Man-
ners-street. With respect to the young woman Tate, it may
be observed there was nothing against her character, for when
she became acquainted with Saville she did not know he was
married, and upon finding he had a wife and children, she
broke off the intimacy that was growing up between them.
The prisoner, in order to alter her resolution, said he was not
married, but the young woman answered, " If he was not
married, and was the father of the children, he was equally
bound to support her and them." On the Tuesday evening

Saville was heard to. express apprehensions as to his wife
having drowned herself, and to say he was afraid he should
get into trouble on her account. The bodies of the unfor-
tunate woman and her children were discovered on the Wed-
nesday morning in a kind of spinney, lying between a place
called Colwick and Carlton. From the appearance of the
ground it was very evident there had been a struggle between
Saville and his wife. From Colwick to Carlton there runs a
footpath, and at the foot of a hill to which the path in ques-
tion leads there is a plantation, and in that plantation the
murdered wife and children were found by a man of the name
of Swinscoe on the morning of Wednesday, being the day
after the murder. It appeared this man had gone into the
spinney to get something for his rabbits, when he saw the
little children as he thought asleep. Upon further inspection
they were found to have had their throats cut, and about
four yards farther off was the body of • the unfor-
tunate mother, with her throat also dreadfully cut, so that,
in the opinion of the medical man, death must have
been instantaneous. In the woman's hand was a razor, but
so loosely held that it evidently must have been placed there.
There was a train of congealed blood from the woman to the
children. The bodies were put into a cart and carried to a
barn at Colwick. The prisoner was seen on the morning of
Tuesday going in the direction of the plantation with his
wife and children' carrying the youngest child in his arms;
they were seen also sitting on a bank together within twenty
yards of the spot where the bodies were found. He was seen
coming out of the plantation alone, looking timidly about
him, very embarrassed, and his face of. an Ashy paleness, and
altogether there was a chain of as strong eircumstantial evi-
dence as we have ever known.

The surgeon deposed to the nature of the wounds, which
were of such a nature that death must have been instanta-
neous. When the prisoner's lodgings were searched a bottle
of arsenic was found concealed in his trunk. On examining
his clothes only slight traces of blood were observable.
The Learned Judge having summed up with great minute-
ness and exactitude, the jury almost immediately returned
a verdict of Guilty, and the Learned Judge, in a very im-
pressive manner, passed the sentence of the law upon him,
that he be hung.
Joseph Roys, aged 32, was found Guilty of a rape upon the
body of Louisa Brammer, aged about 17, and sentenced to
be transported for life.

NORFOLK ClRCUlT.—lpswich, July 26.
CROWN COURT.—(Before Mr. Baron ALDERSON.)
James Lankester' aged 30, was indicted for wilfully and
maliciously setting fire to a stack of wheat, the property of
George Paine, of Great Barton, in the month of June last.
Mr; Gurdon and Mr. Sanders prosecuted the prisoner, who
was not represented by counsel.
The prosecutor is a farmer occupying land under Sir Henry
Bambury, near Bury St. Edmund's. The prisoner is a native
of Palgrave, in this county, and seems to have got his living
by travelling round the country on foot, hawking trifling
wares, and singing, or rather reciting scraps of ballads, songs,
and hymns, the burden of which, from a specimen which he
gave to the jury in his defence, would seem to have been
" the blessings of cheap bread," the " want of work " in
general, and the particular lack of it on the songster's part.
These songs and ballads, as well as his cross-examination
and speech to the jury, which were voluble and fluent in the
extreme were strongly interlarded with allusions to the
Deity. In fact his mind, like his wallets, of which he had
at least six, of all shapes and sizes, was filled with the most
extraordinary and heterogeneous collection of articles and
" unconsidered trifles." This personage was seen on the day
of the ire, going on the road towards the wheat-stack of the
prosecutor, and at a distance of about half a mile from it, at
about two o'clock. The flames were first discovered at four
o'clock, and various witnesses proved that he was seen later
than that on the same day just beyond the stack, and going
through Barton, towards Bury, where he ordered a fresh
supply of his bills and songs, and was not long afterwards
taken into custody on suspicion of this charge, an old lucifer-
match box having been found near the stack and in the road.
On being taken to a public-house, the constables searched
him. In one of his bags was a quantity of very dry grass;
in another, a few broken matches; in a third, some old rags
and paper; and in a fourth were three phials, each of which
contained some liquid. These latter, he said, were his medi-
cine bottles, and the unsuspecting " man of the law," de-
ceived by his coolness and readiness, gave them back to
him. As soon as he got them he obtained leave to retire to
the privy, and after that time the phials were not to be seen,
though he was handcuffed, and the most rigorous search was
made for them, in order that their contents might be sub•
jetted to analysation. There being no sufficient evidence to
warrant his commitment for this offence, he was summarily
dealt with as a rogue and vagabond, and consigned to Bury
gaol for a month. There he soon fell into conversation,
during the intervals of rest from hard labour on the tread-
mill, with two prisoners; one of whom, by name Copeman,
now deposed to his having asked him what he came there for,
to which he replied, "for pretending to be deaf and dumb,"
upon which, said the witness, " he told me that he had been
up that day to the hall on an examination about a fire." I
asked " whose?" He said, "Mr. Payne's, of Barton." I
asked " how he did it ?" He said he put a ball into the stack
with his hand, up to his elbow, and that the ball was as big
as a cauliflower. He said he set fire to the stack at t aro

o'clock in the day-time; that he had some lucifers for sale
in boxes, and some in his pocket, in a paper; that he set fire
to the stack with a match, and had got three-quarters of a
mile off when he saw the fire burn. When he told me I said
I should tell Mr. Orridge, and he cried. Mr. Orridge was the
gaoler; he is dead now.
Another witness from the gaol, named Richard Sayer, de-
posed as follows :—I come from the gaol. I am there for stealing
apiece of iron. I went to prison on the26th of December last.
I remember the prisoner coming. I was at work with him
soon after on the wheel. Copeman was there. The prisoner
said, " I suppose they mean to hang me for this job." I
asked what job? He said for that stack which was burnt at
Barton. I told him they would not do that. On another
day I said to him, as he was resting on the box, " Jem, will

veil tell the truth of what I ask yoil?" He said he would if
he could. I asked the names of those balls he put into the
stack. He said they were " Tallybangers." When I came
down I asked him how far he had put it in. He said
he " runned" his arm up to the elbow. He said he
had been four turns through Barton when the fire burst out,
but he said afterwards that he was three-quarters of a mile
off, and that he went to Bury and ordered his bills to be
printed. I never heard anything about the fire before.
By the JUDGE-Mr. Peirson, the keeper of the wheel, over-
heard and asked me what it was, and I told him. I know
that a man who gave evidence at the last assizes out of the
gaol has been pardoned since, but I have no thought of that.
If it was my own father or brother I should discover him, for
I don't think fires ought to be.
John Peirson.—l am the under-keeper. I saw the prisoner
crying one morning, and I asked Eayer, who was close to him,
why he was crying. He said about a stack that he had set
on fire at Barton. Lankester said nothing. Afterwards I
heard Sayer ask Lankester how far he had put his arm into
the stack, and he said up to the elbow, and that he had left a
ball in it. There was more conversation, but I could not col-
lect it. Copeman was on the wheel.
The prisoner then made a lengthened speech to the jury,
complaining of the laxity of the discipline adopted by Mr.
Peirson, which he said was much worse than anything he
had ever seen in any other gaol, and contending that he was
the victim of a conspiracy between the three last witnesses,
who would swear anything to ruin a poor man, " as innocent
as the babe at the breast."

The Learned JUDGE pointed out to the jury the various
facts on which the guilt or innocence of the man at the bar
must turn, and left it to them to say whether they, as rea-
sonable men, could entertain any doubt of his guilt. If so,
they should acquit him; but if they gave any credit to the
testimony of the three last witnesses, they could scarcely
avoid coming to the conclusion that he was not accused
without foundation.

The jury immediately returned a verdict of Guilty.—Sen-
tence deferred.

Edward Botwright, aged 22, was charged with firing a barn
and outbuildings at Sotterley, in the occupation of Hannah
Watling, on the Ist of June; and John Spilling was charged
as an accessory before the fact.
Robert Watling, the son of the prosecutrix—Was awoke
by his wife at twelve o'clock at night with an alarm of
" Fire I" He jumped up directly, and, dressing himself, hur-
ried down stairs to the barn, which he found in flames. He
and the men who were there let out the stock. While so
engaged he stumbled on a letter, which was then read. My
mother had a quantity of buildings and stock destroyed by
this fire. The prisoner worked for me when a boy for two
years, and as a man for four. He was discharged for dis-
honesty. I remember on the 29th of May finding one of my
mother's beasts dead. It had been strangled by a rope tied
round its neck to another which was nearly dead.
Edward Fitzgerald, a superintendent of police, searched the
prisoner's lodgings, and found in his room a half sheet of
paper, which corresponded with that on which the letter was
written. It had these few lines on it :

"Mr. Watling—Sir, this come as a warning for you and
he rest of your neighbours and the policeman. You may
think."

The prisoner can write, and I believe both the letters are in
his hand. I also found a seal, which fits to the seal on the
letter found by Mr. Watling.
Charles Nagle--When the prisoner was apprehended ho
made so much resistance that I was obliged to knock him
down.

James Bullen—Saw the prisoner at his lodgings the night
of the fire. Billy Brown was in the road, near the gate.
They went away, and the prisoner returned again at eleven
o'clock.

The jury returned a verdict of Guilty.
By the direction of the Learned JUDGE, Spilling was ac-
quitted on the statement of the case.
. .

In addition to the above, the same prisoners were simi-
larly indicted in respect of another fire in their neighbour-
hood, but no evidence was offered against either of them.
David Jackson, aged 18, was indicted for setting fire to a
barn, the property of John Cracknell, at Redlingfield, on the
3d of June last.

The jury found him Guilty, but they accompanied their
verdict with a strong recommendation to mercy.
Mr. Baron ALDERSON then, in very impressive terms, ad -
monished the lad of the enormity of his guilt, which had
arisen purely from the idle conversation in which he had been
engaged with his companions. In order, however, to carry
out the views of the jury, which certainly squared with his
own views, he should only sentence him to fifteen years'
transportation, and care would be taken that he should be
dealt with in the Penitentiary.
James Smith, aged 16, was charged with having set fire to
a house and farm buildings, the property of S. Eastall, on the
Ist of April.

Mr. Prendergast apwared for the prosecutor, and Mr.
Dasent for the prisoner.
In this case also the prosecutor and prisoner stood in rela-
tion of master and servant, the former being a large farmer
at Mendlesham. During the time that the prisoner had been
in his service, he had been several times found fault with by
his master. He was first accused of having in his possession
some stole' chickens; then he was scolded for giving the
pony a quantity of wheat meal, for which his master threat-
ened to have him up before Dr. Day, a neighbouring magis-
trate. To this he quietly replied, " Take me up and be d—d,"
but nothing came of it; and at last, a few days before the
fire, his master accused him of having killed one of his pigs.
Notwithstanding these repeated causes of separation, he was
kept on and allowed to discharge his usual duties. Among
these he used to get up quite early, and for that purpose he
was supplied by 'his mistress with lucifer matches. On the
night in question, he and his master, according to custoni,

went round the farm-yard at nine o'clock, with a lighted
lantern. Among the places they examined and locked up
was the neat-house, in which were seven cows and the p?ny.
All being safe, the prisoner was told to go to bed, and it was
supposed he did so, but as his way lay up a ladder _owl' the
back-house, quite apart from the family, no one could say
when or whether he did as he was desired. In the course of
about a quarter of an hour the prosecutor was alarmed by
the reflection of a strong light, and it was soon discovered
that the neat-house was in flames, the fire having evidently
originated among a quantity of straw which had been piled
up in a temporary roof overthe stock. In this building there
was no hole or open window on either side, and as there was
a very vigilant watch dog chained up close to it, the prose-
cutor had, as lie thought, good reason for imagining that
the outrage had not been committed by any stranger.. As
soon as the family were disturbed they sought for the pri-
soner, whom they found in his bed-room, quite dressed,
though it was with difficulty that his young master could
persuade him to descend into the yard. When there, how-
ever, he assisted to remove the property which was
most exposed to the fire. On the following morning he
was taken into custody. When the prisoner was about to
fall asleep a youth named Dean was thrust into the lock-up
by the police, and he had hardly been there above ten
minutes before he asked the prisoner what he was there for,
to which he replied, " 'Why, what are you in for ?" " qh,"
said the intruder, " I'm in for a fire at Schole ; what are you
for ?" " 'Why," said the prisoner, " I am here for the
Mendlesham fire." The stranger then asked whether they
had a clear case against him, to which he said " No, there
was no one coining up against him." " Flow did you do it.?"
interrogated the witness. In answer to this the prisoner,
according to the testimony of to-day, said that he had gone
to bed, and having come down directly afterwards, had gone
to the neat-house, when he set fire to the straw with a
bundle of lucifers.
On cross-examination this witness admitted that he had
been convicted of felony two years ago, at the early age of
seventeen, and sentenced to nine months' imprisonment.
Since then he had no regular employment, but got it as he
could. All this treachery, he said, he did without the
slightest hope, expectation, or promise of reward, but purely
from a desire to assist the police.
Mr. DASENT having addressed the jury on behalf of the
pris mer,
The Learned JUDGE proceeded to sum up the case. If the
jury attached credit to the last witness, Dean, there was' no
doubt an ample confession ; but, in his opinion, they would
do well if they viewed such testimony with great suspicion
and distrust. It was a very discreditable trick, a paltry con-
trivance, and one which ought not to be encouraged. If they
discarded that part of the case the question would still re-
main whether on the evidence, which was free from any
taint, they could arrive at a conclusion Of the prisoner's guilt.
The Learned Judge then went into the whole details of the
case with great minuteness, and at the close of his observa-
tions the jury retired to consider their verdict.

A SCENE.-COMMITMENT OF. A CLERGYMAN FOR CONTEMPT

OF COURT.

During the progress of this trial Mr. Baron ALDERSON
rose in great agitation, and said, holding some papers in;his
hand, " I have received some letters from a clergyman,
named Maberley, who says he has some materials in his
hands that would be of advantage to these people. In God's
name, then, let him produce them. What am Ito do? Am
I to go out of Court to speak to this person, who lives at the
Admiral's Head? Have I not enough to do here in dispos-
ing of this heavy calendar? I know what turn such mat-
ters sometimes take. If I take no notice of these letters,
assertions and statements may be made not warranted by
fact. (With great energy)—l wish him to come forward in
open Court ! That is the proper place for him. His conduct
is very indecent and improper.
Mr. DASENT said he hoped his Lordship did not refer to
the case of his client.
Mr. Baron ALDERSON—..NO, the application has nothing to
do with the case.

On the retirement of the jury for the purpose of consider-
ing their, verdict, and before a new arraignment was taken, it
was intimated to his Lordship that the Rev. Gentleman was
in attendance.

[lt may be as well to state here that Mr. Maberley is con-
spicuous in this and the adjoining counties for his vehement
and uncompromising opposition to the new poor-law.]
The Rev. Gentleman's presence being mode known to the
Learned Judge, the following dialogue took place between
them

Mr. Baron ALDERSOIV—YOU, I believe, Sir, sent me some
letters. In answer to your application, I can only say I have
nothing to do with the attendance of the witnesses to whom
you allude; but every facility shall be afforded to you on
behalf of the prisoner for whom you interest yourself, as far
as the Court is concerned.
The Rev. Mr. Maberley—l only think, as the poor prisoners
have no opportunity of bringing witnesses, some opportunity
should be afforded them by the Court, as far as regards the
Panting of subpumas. lam willing to undertake the ex-
pense, if you will only appoint the trial to take place to-
morrow. But I would not bring the witnesses yesterday, nor
would I bring them to-day, neither will I bring them to-
morrow, and pay all the expenses out of my pocket, when I
don't know at the same time when the trial is to come on. If
you will appoint the trial for to-morrow, I will bring the
witnesses at my own expense.
Mr. Baron ALDERSON—I can make no conditions, Sir.
The Rev. Mr. Maberley (with great energy)—l want a fair
trial for the men.
➢ir. Baron ALDEnsox—Yes, and they shall have a fair trial
whilst I preside here—as fair a trial as it will be in my power
to afford.

The Rev. Mr. Maberley (striking his hand upon the wit-
ness-box)-4 shall insist upon the men having a fair trial.
I demand it. I demand that the trial shall be fixed for to
morrow.

.•
Mr. Baron ALDERSON (addressing a javelin-man)—Take
Mr. Maberley into custody.
The Rev. Mr. Maberley—No, no; I protest against this—
Mr. Baron ALDERSON—Take him into custody immediately.
The Rev. Mr. Maberley—You may do as you like.
Mr. Baron ALDERSON—Remove him from Court.
The Rev. Mr. Maberly—You shall not ; I say you shall
hear me, my Lord.
The officer here laid his hand on the Reverend Gentleman,
and requested him to leave the Court; to which he replied,
" You sent for me, my Lord, and I came in consequence of
a message requiring my attendance. I will be heard." 1
Mr. Baron AmEnsos—Take him into custody im-
mediately.
The officer having at length persuaded the excited gen•
tleman to retire from the Court, they quitted it .together,
but in a few moments hislordship desired that he should
be discharged from custody, and added, " The trial shall be
appointed for to• morrow; that is, if the prisoner Borley
wishes it to be so. Send for him, that I may hear from him
his own wishes."

Frederick Borley was then placed in the dock, and in an-
swer• to his Lordship's inquiry, intimated that it was his
wish that his trral might take place to-morrow morning,
and also that Mr. Maberley might be allowed to interfere 'on
his behalf. ,
Mr. Baron ALDERSON —Very well. If it is your desire it
shall be so. Your trial will, therefore, come on at the sitting
of the Coui to-morrow.
Thus ended the " affair," which served not a little to
vary the proceedings of the assizes.

(Before Mr. Justice WILLIAms.)
Henry Serjeant, aged 21, and James RiOand, aged 53,
were indicted for having set fire to a stack of haulm, a cow-
house, and barn, the property of Thomas Barnes, and
acquitted. _

July 27.
(Before Mr. Baron ALDERSON.)
Frederick Borley, aged 18, and John Durant, aged 17, were
charged with firing two stacks, the property of Ambrose
Candler, at Stowmarket, on the afternoon of Sunday, the 19th
of May.
Mr. Sergeant Byles and Mr. Prendergast appeared for
the prosecution. Neither of the prisoners were defended by
counsel.

The evidence of the prosecutor abundantly proved that the
stacks in question were fired about half-past three o'clock in
the afternoon, and totally consumed. From the description
given of the premises, it appeared that they were situated
near to the town of Stowmarket, and close by a plantation,
and near to this place the two prisoners and one Williams
were seen loitering and talking at intervals during the Sun-
day afternoon, and just before and after the fire broke out.
In addition to this testimony, Williams, having been ad-
mitted Queen's evidence, was called, and he swore that he
was engaged in watching Borley while he perpetrated the
offence.

Another young man, named Diaper, deposed to having re-
tired at half-past three to the plantation, for a certain pur-
pose, when he saw Borley approaching the stacks. Sus-
pecting that he was after something wrong, the witness
climbed into a fir tree, whence he could see the prisoner and
the stacks. While in this situation, he distinctly saw him
take something out of his right-hand waistcoat pocket, which
ignited on being applied to his left thumb-nail and drawn
across it. He then saw the smoke rise clearly from his hand,
and in a second or so observed him apply his right hand to
one of the stacks. As soon as he had fired that one he did the
same to the two others, and then ran away towards Williams,
who was watching him from an adjoining close. This most
important witness said that he then went home and told several
persons what he had seen, after which he went back to the fire.
As he was retracing his steps, he met Borley, who jogged his
elbow and said, "Don't be in a hurry, ba ! (boy). Let it
get a hold first." This hint, however, the witness declined to
act upon, for he went at once to fetch the engine, and did his
best to put out the fire. Besides these witnesses, a variety
of respectable people deposed to their having seen Borley,
and Durant, and Williams about the prosecutor's yard, and
proved several expressions and declarations on the part of
Borley, which, if true, went far to show that he was guilty,
and was of course present at the moment the stack was fired.
At the close of the case for the prosecution,
rose, and, addressing his Lordship,
The Rev. Mr. Maberley
begged to apologise for the occurrence of yesterday. He did
not mean to offend his Lordship ; indeed, he could not, for
he came to ask a favour.
Mr. Baron ALDERsoN—Pray don't say another word, Sir,
on:that subject. If you say so, I will believe you at once.
forbeyo ex-
amined
u ?
Do not revert to whatfordpa,s w
iNksi'lhtahtecsaenwl
tn doe
sng :sw to
iir. 3lbayb3e-MY
Lordship for Borley, against whom, I believe,
there is a conspiracy between Diaper and Goodwin.
Mr. Baron Alderson then called the witnesses whose names
had been handed up to him by the Rev. Gentleman, and who
deposed to the following facts
George Chamberlayne—l know Diaper. He told me be-
fore ho went up to the magistrates that he was at home
when the fire broke out,
washing his hands, and that he was
not there till the stack was halAurnt.
William Ball—l was going to the fire and met Diaper, who
asked me where it was. I said at Mrs. Rust's, and he said, he
was going to Mr. Candler's.
James Horrix and his wife both swore that Borley was at
their house just at the time the flames were discovered, and
a Mrs. Parker swore that she met him alone in a certain lane,
at a time when some of the witneeses for the Crown stated
lie was in a very different place. It should be stated that
Diaper positively denied the truth of thestatements made by
Chatnberlayne and Ball.
Mr. PRENDERGAST having replied upon this evidence,
Mr. Baron ALDERSON summed up the whole case, in the
most lucid order, and explained the different views in which
circumstantial and direct evidence ought to be received by
juries, and leaving it to them to say whether, under the com-
bination of both classes of testimony contrasted with the wit-

(/'

•
nis—ses for the primary Neon they were satisfied er not that
the prisoners must have set fire to the stacks in the manner
detailed by Diaper. If the evidence did not produce such
an effect on their minds, it was their duty to return a ver-
dict, of not guilty.
The jury retired to consider their verdict, and ultimately
returned with a verdict of Guilty against Borley, and Ac-
quitted Durant.
(Before Mr. Justice WrLuAms.)
Layzell Randall, aged 16, and Isaac Everett, aged 21, were
charged with having fired the premises of. Mr. Norden, at
Assignton, on the 24th May. Both the prisoners were con-
victed,•but not without some delibemtion -onthe part of the
jury.. .
STATE OF THE COUNTRY =PRESENTMENT OF
THE GRAND JURY.
At the close of Friday the grand jury, headed by Air W.
F. Middleton, Bart., their foreman, handed in the following
presentment, which was-afterwards read in open Court
In consequence of your Lordship's directions, we present
the following observations on the state of the calendar at
these assizes :—ln examining very, minutely the witnesses
upon the respective bills which have come before us, with a
view of eliciting from them the causes, the motives, and the
instigations, by which the parties implicated have been led to
the perpetration of the crime of arson and threatening letters,
we regret that we can arrive at no satisfactory conclusion as
applicable to any one system, or to. any prevailing cause, that
has sufficiently manifested itself to suggest any remarks. We
can, therefore, only present theffollowing as our analysis of
the cases which have come. before us, of which there appear
to be 17 committed by children or young persons under the
age of 20, and 13 by persons ?above that age—namely, 4
arising from inadequate emploYtnent, 13 from malicious feel-
ing towards individuals, 11 from actual mischief and without
any premeditated or criminal intention, 1 only by a party
travelling about the country as a vagrant, and 4 for which
we cannot discover any cause or motive whatever.
It gives us great pleasure to add our testimony to the
efficient and zealous exertions displayed by every class of
people, not only in bringing to justice the perpetrators of this
crime, but for the ready and active assistance afforded by the
labourers in extinguishing the fires and protecting property
on all occasions.

" We have great satisfaction in presenting that, in very
few cases, the plea of inadequate wages has been instrumental
to the commission of the offences with which the present ca-
lendar is so fearfully charged.
" We cannot conclude our presentment without congratu-
lating the country that neither the independence, the honesty,
nor the integrity of the labouring classes, has been in any
way compromised by the circumstances which it has been our
painful duty to investigate.