The Sun.
London, England, 1868-03-13 00:00:00

HEALTH OF SCOTLAND.

In the month of February the deaths of 2,170
persons were registered in the eight principal towns
of Scotland —Glasgow,Edinburgh, Leith, Greenock,
Dundee, Aberdeen, Paisley, and Perth. Allowing
for increase of population, this number was 265,
under the average mortality of the month during
the last 10 years. The epidemic and contagious
class of diseases proved fatal to 469 persons, con-
stituting 21.6 per cent. of the total mortality. This
rate was exceeded in Dundee and Leith, from the
fatal prevalence of measles in the former, and scar-
latina in the latter town. Of 113 deaths by fevers,
54 were from typhus and 50 from enteric. Scarla-
tina and whooping-cough caused each 87 deaths,
measles 69, croup 30, apoplexy 42, paralysis 37,
diseases from inflammatory affections of the re-
spiratory organs 381, besides 268 from consump-
tion. Seventy-one deaths were registered from
violent causes, two from delirium tremens, and five
from intemperance. Of the 2,170 deaths, 943, or
43 per cent.,were those of children under 5 years of
age ; in the smallest of the eight towns—Perth—
the proportion of these early deaths was only 28
per cent. of the whole mortality, but in the largest
Glasgow—it was 50 per cent. In Leith it was
48 per cent., and in Dundee 44 per cent. Eleven
of the peisons who died during the month had
passed their 90th year ; the eldest was the widow!of
a millwright, aged 101 years. The births registered
in February in the eight towns were 3,003. Of
these, 300 were illegitimate, being in the proportion
of one, illegitimate in every 10 births. The mar-
riages for the month numbered 493, which was 20
below the average of the corresponding period of
the last 10 years. The month was characterised,
in a meteorological point of view, by a disturbed
barometric pressure, unexampled high mean tem-
perature, large amount of rain, great force of wind,
and continued westerly, strictly W.S.W. direction,
beyond parallel. The highest mean temperature
was recorded at Leith, 44 deg., and the lowest at
Aberdeen, 41.6 deg. The large number of 26 rainy
days out of the 29 occurred at Glasgow, at Paisley,
and at Greenock ; the depth of rainfall at Greenock
was 11.74 in., or nearly twice that of Glasgow and
Paisley. E liuburgh was at the head of the mean
pressure of wind column, with 7.401 b. on the square
foot ; while Paisley was at the foot, with only
1.031 b. on the square foot—a curious fact, if true,
seeing that the wind was blowing from Paisley to
Edinburgh.

THE SILVER BEND REPORTER.

10,--

The newsapers of a country are the best reflection
of its people. They give a far truer idea of pro-
gress than books and pamphlets intended to en-
lighten those who know nothing of the land.
Works relating to territories and colonies are often
published with the object of attracting emigration,
and being addressed to persons ignorant of the
country the authors permit themselves a considerable
latitude in drawing on their imagination. A news-
paper, on the other baud, is for circulation among
the inhabitants, and if not truthful, it is worse than
useless, and would have but a short existence. Each
may " crack up" its own district, yet it must con-
fine itself in the main to facts. The Reese River
Reveille may proclaim the superiority of Lander
County generally, and the Reese River district in
particular ; the Silver Bend Reporter may stand on
the merits of Nye County,,and of its own district
of Silver Bend; the one may portray the glories
of Austin, and the other the coming greatness of
Belmont, but each will truly indicate the progress
of the territory of which it writes. The Reporter
is a weekly paper, and on the Ist February it had
reached the Number 45. It commences by stating
the terms of subscription and rates for advertising.
For a year the charge of a posted copy is two
guineas; for a less period, 4s. 21 a month : a
good indication of the low value of money in the
mining States, as on the Atlantic seaboard a penny
not a shilling would be the price of a copy. Ad-
vertisements are calculated by the square, that
is, ninety-six words of solid reading matter,
which for the first insertion, is 16s. Bd. ; and
for each additional insertion half that sum. A
district court summons for three months is ten
guineas in advance, a justice's summons eight
guineas ; four squares are allowed ; above that the
charge is extra. The first advertisers are the doc-
tors, those who follow are lawyers. This shocks
English ideas of propriety, but we cannot see in
new settlements why such professional gentle-
men should not take the best means open of
making known their address, information which
cannot fail to be of use to miners scattered over the
country who may suddenly require the services
more especially of medical men. The reading matter
commences with a touching little poem, suggested
by the death of ETHAN ALLEN'S daughter, who
asked the sceptic in her last moments, in whose
faith, his or her mother's, he would have her die.

JOE BILLINGS, on Cocoa-nuts, is an excellent
piece of humour, after the style of ARTEMUS
WARD. " Tha gro as a negro's head duz, with a
grate deal of skull to them. A kokernutt, after it
has been skalpt, resembles an old ten-pin ball, only
a little more round one way than tother." This is
followed by a piece of homely advice, termed
Begin, which winds up with what should be the
epitaph of exactly five-sixteenths of civilized
mankind. " Here rots the useless carcase of
a creature born with mortal powers, and blessed
with rich and varied opportunities, who existed
without living, and died unmourned because he was
a lazy soul, and never had purpose enough to begin. '
An Important Decision of Secretary Browning, con-
cerning the withdrawal from the Market, of public
lands within 25 miles on either side of the Union
Pacificaßailroad and its branches, is touched on.
It will defeat the intention of many persons who
have arranged to secure the most valuable timber and
mining lands in favourable localities along the line.
A story is told of an occurrence at a lighthouse on
the evening of November 22. The keeper was then
startled by a deafening crash, which sounded as if
the tower had been burst asunder. On examina-
tion he found that the glass, 36 inches by 24, and
half an inch thick, had been totally shattered by
three large black ducks, who were lying dead under
the debris, one with its neck broken in several
plt ces, and its bones crushed to atoms, as if propelled
against the window with the force of a rocket. An
account is given by Mr. CIIARLES KENT of the deso-
lation in the valleys of California by the overflow
of the Upper Sacramento• Hundreds of farmers had
been completely ruined, their horses, barns, and fences
carried away by the floods, and their stock drowned,
and he considers they will require several years to
recover these losses. Alluding to a labouring party
at work in one of the districts, it is observed that
out of the six men composing it no two were of one
nation. There was a Frenchman, Spaniard, Mexi-
can, Chinaman, Negro, and Yankee, all speaking
English. A subject of great interest to Nevala is
next noticed ; the temporary railway bridge recently
erecting over the river at Omaha being completed,
an unbroken communication is in operation be-
tween New York and the base of the Rocky Moun-
tains, a distance of over 2,000 miles. In Montana,
near Red Mountain City, there are three craters, so
deep that the light is entirely excluded from their
depth, and no sound is heard when a stone is thrown
into them of its reaching the bottom. The politics
of the Silver Bend Reporter are very distinctly
marked. " The unterrified of our town," says the
editor, " met last Wednesday at the Court House,
and had a jolly reunion. A committee was ap-
pointed to draft resolutions for the government of
a Democratic Club, to be organised at a meeting
adjourned to the 12th February. Some of the

Radicals met on Monday and organised a club,
named the Belmont Union Grant Club—president,
John Bowman, who was empowered to call them
together." Speaking of the weather, there is a para-
graph which might be recommended to the daily paper
in the North of England whose proprietor adver-
tises for an apprentice, and undertakes at a mode-
rate premium to initiate the young gentleman in
newspaper paragraphing. " Though that topic,"
says the editor, " was threadbare more than a year
ago, we are still scratching away at it as though
Virginia was the only place where it weathered. We
shall not attempt to say anything on the subject, but
merely remark by way of parenthesis that it has been
weathering here for the last three weeks, but
shows some signs of letting up in the course of
three or four months." Apropos of weather, the
Reporter observes—" This is splendid weather for
picking ice, and we know of no one engaged in
preserving it. A man might do well by putting up
a few thousand tons for next summer. We would
have embarked in that business long ago, only we
were fearful that we might get nipped, or that some
cuss might freeze us out, or set fire to our stock-in-
trade ; we are more cautious than we used to be."
E. LAZARD is noticed as having " removed from the
old stand in Belmont-street to the cellar adjoining
this office, where he is ready to minister to the wants
of the thirsty, or discuss-politics with aspirants for
Legislative, Congressional, or Senatorial honours.
Call and see him in his new place ; he is polite,
affable, and never flops." The Report4r is very
indignant with the officers of company F -14th
United States Infantry, who ordered their men to
carry water in their camp kettles for 70 Apaches to
wash their faces. We are surprised at this new
move of the Apaches ; and as cleanliness is next to
godliness, they ought to be congratulated on having
advanced even so far as to wash their faces. They
sleep in the centre of the camp every night,
and, in consequence, the men are not permitted
to take off even their shoes. As the Apaches
eat their own sugar upon their bread, the soldiers
had to give them theirs to sweeten their coffee.
" The fatted ox had just been killed to please the
wretches," writes the correspondent ; and on this the
Reporter exclaims, "To the dogs with all such officers!
and such modes of treating the red devils. The
only Government officer who knew how to fight
Indians was General CONNOR, who, if left alone,
would have prevented the depredations and murders
committed by the Indians on the Overland route.
We have come to be a firm believer in the doctrine
that the only way to establish a permanent peace
with the red-skins is to send them to ' their happy
hunting-ground.' The idea of officers of the United
States army compelling their soldiers to carry water
for a lot of these hellish Apaches to wash their faces •
in is disgusting. Better treat them to a dose of
cold lead.* These officers, too, richly deserve a ball
and chain, and a twenty years' imprisonment in
the Dry Tortugas for such base conduct." What
would Exeter Hall say to the Christian sentiment 3
of the Silver Bend Reporter? It is severe on Con-
gress, which it terms a sweet-scented body, for the
bill depriving the Supreme Court of Jurisdiction in
cases arising out of the Reconstruction laws, and
suggests that they pass a law declaring vacant all
the civil offices of the Government other than that
of their own body, and constitute themselves the
appointing power to fill such vacancies. llr.
PRYOR lets double stalls in his stable for half 3
guinea a night, but he will treat parties from
Austin handsomely, provided they do not kick
too many boards off. A merry party is describe
as having " quite a good time." "It con-
sisted of a horse sleigh loaded with townspeople
and a quantity of recently imported calicoes, chig-
nons, broadcloths, &c. Coombs, the driver from
whose stable they obtained the turn-out, is a bully
JEHU, and manipulates the ribbons as if an old hand
at the biz! One smarty' from Hot Creek swear°
that the corks from the champagne bottles went
through the ceiling of the room, and knocked half-
a-dozen shingles off the roof." The origin of the
cry "Ho ! JOE ! have youseen DAWLEY?" is SO Well
told that we regret we have not space for the account
of an exclamation that at one time was incessantlf
heard in California. " A Plea for Mean Men" l°
equally good, and this ends the reading matter of,
the number before us. Such newspapers are 01
great use to those desirous of obtaining some knob'
edge of the progress of States so little known,
though destined soon to take an important place.
Few even of the latest maps give otherwise than a°,
blank the Great Basin in which the rising city of
Belmont is situated. We have already discussed
the Press of Virginia and of Austin, the chief Cltie°
of Nevada, and we will, as opportunities offer, Wu'
inue our notes.—Anglo- American limes.

* We have heard of cold steel being administered, 1311 t
certainly not cold lead, for the action of the powder b.'
the effect of making the lead hot when the bullet is dir
charged.

THE NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY. —An acci•a el 3
occurred on Monday night at East Fortune station, on the
North British Railway, whereby considerable damage •
ro,
done to plant, and the traffic suspended for several 'la..,
A goods train from Edinburgh ran into a similar train
which was standing at the station, throwing several vreo
gons off the rails, and blocking up both lines. The Loud°
express was due, but fortunately it was a few minutes I°' t
which allowed warning to be given in time to pre/ell
lr° t
another collision. Had the train not been overdue - ,
results would in all probability have been very serious,
at that point it goes very fast. Information of the accicl°ll
was telegraphed to Edinburgh, whence a train was Septt;
East Fortune to bring in the passengers. After some de'",,
passengers and luggage were transferred from the tondo
rain, and Edinburgh was reached shortly after 12 o'cl°°"
after a detention of about three and a half hours.
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