The Sun.
London, England, 1844-04-20 00:00:00

THE REVENUE.

The balance-sheet of the years revenue is hi rome respects
satisfactory: When we remember the tremendous " excess
of expenditure over income"—an excess of more than four
millions=which stared us -in the face in the beginning of
1843, it is certainly with some relief that we turn to the
gratifying "excess of income • over expenditure" to the
amount of 2,095,4271., which closes the public accounts in
April; 18-14. We have at least weathered a Very ugly point
that was stretching ahead of ns, and we are under no imme-
diate apprehensions of finding ourselves hard aground. At
the same time "deest aliquid o&lectationi nostrx ;" in the
brightest sky there is apt to be -a flying cloud; and now that
we are fairly on our legs again, we cannot help looking with
some little impatience at a certain very ungainly and incon-
venient crutch by which in our more infirm days we con-
trived to preserve our perpendicular. The neat oblong packet
Of paper which contains the return of our "net public re-
venue" puts us in mind of another morevexa:ious document
of somewhat similar proportions demanding more peremp-
torily to be informed of our "net private income," and hinting
delicately, but not at all ambiguously, at ie ill-omened
contingency of a twenty pound fine and treble duty
in default of a speedy answer. Need we say how anxiously
we have scanned each item of the balance-sheet in the vain
hope of lighting upon one whose elastic increase promised to
supersede the necessity of the income-tax ? We are now
nearer the end than thd beginning of the three years which
we bargained for. We are in sight of the goal which the
Premier held before our eyes on the first imposition of this
very unpopular impost, and are beginning to pant for our
liberty. But we perceive, with no ordinary apprehension,
that the unseemly monster, on its extinction, will leave a gap
of no less than 0,356,888/. in the national receipts. From
what quarter is this to be supplied ? Our income, we have
said, has this year exceeded our expenditure by two
millions ; this is some help towards the desired operation.
Mr. Goulburn promises us'the gain of another half million
from his reduction of the Three-and-a-Half per Cents. Here
is another and no inconsiderable assistance. But upwards of
two millions and a half still remain to be supplied—a stiff
and unmanageable sum ; and strain as we will, we can de-
teat in the other items of revenue but little appearance of
that expansive power by which this two millions and a half
is to be annually raised. We turn first to the Customs—
the great source of -receipt. We long to see the promised
effects of . lowering duties in raising • revenue. Sir
Robert Peel, it is true was not quack enough to
promise us that immediate effect from his reduced tariff: But
such promises there were, and promises there still are to the
same effect, if we will but "carry out the principle." What
do we behold? Alas, instead of the rapid rise which we
were encouraged to hope by the politico economical enthusi •
asts, a steady and uniform decline. What was nineteen mil-
lions and a half in Octobers 1842, has sunk to a little more
than eighteen millions and a half in October; 1843, and is
now a little less than that sum in April, 1844. The best that
can be said is, that the downward progress is not so fast as
it was. We may hope that we are near the bottom of the
hill, where, we may at least jog along without disturbance.
We need hardly say, that this natural consequence is no
sound argument against reduction of duty.. But it is a dis-
appointment to any hopes of revenue which we may have
been encouraged to form from the Customs' department of
revenue, and affords little comfort to a mind distracted by
the apprehenSion of a prolonged income-tax. The unro-
mantic "taxes" preserve their dead level. Nobody expected
anything better of them. Stamps are buoyant. Improving
times have brought with them bargains and settlements, and
have added half a million to the national revenue. But we
fear that the most imaginative financier will hardly expect
from that quarter a substitute for the expiring five millions.
The Post-office revenue (hen quan:um mutates) exhibits an
insignificant rise of some 30 or 40 thousand pounds in lieu
of fulfilling the bold aspirations of Mr. Rowland Hill. All
that art can do has been done. The corresponding public has
been, or is to be, tried with pink Queen's heads, and scarlet
Queen's heads, and blue Queen's heads, and Queen's heads
with plaster behind them, and stamped envelopes, and
stamped letter-paper—every artistic blandishment has been
put in practice to attract to the Queen's Post-office the
pennies and twopences of her liege subjects; but, alas, the
public appears to have made up its mind how
many letters
it wishes to write, and to be impenetrable to any further
allurement from St. Martin's-le-Grand. An improvement
there is, no doubt, and that improvement will probably con-
tinue, but in so sober and ordinary a way as to forbid all the
eensei filtir some time. The enthusiastic reliance on our countrymen's still latent propen-
sities for letter-writing. Mr. Rowland Hill is certainly not
Purpose. The Excise
has
sr
hper
reouvrefueausisexiarmger c
re-
turn before us exceeds by nearly a million and a half the
net amount of duty for the preceding year. This is highly
airan fiotr
satisfactory ; this branch of the revenue, as we have often
occasion to remark, being the one which may be taken
as the clearest index of reviving prosperity and increas-
ing comfort among the operatives. But satisfactory as
it may be, it hardly Promises to satisfy our present
requirement. And thus we remain in perplexity. Ministry
as yet give no sign ; the Revenue tables afford little consola-
tion ; and we have only to comfort our failing hearts by the
recollection of the hopes with which the Premier gilded his
pill two years ago. The prospect is not encouraging. But
it is time we should know the worst, and be informed whe-
ther 'Sir Robert Peel intends us to have a fresh deficit, or a
continued income-tax, or whether he has some hitherto un-
imagined device in store, which will preserve us both from
one and the other misfortune. Meanwhile, as statistics are
the order of the day, we may perhaps be allowed to suggest
a hope that the extremely valuable information that ought
to be deducible from the income-tax returns, will not be lost
to the public. At present we barely know that the tax has
produced about 5,000,0001., and, consequently, that the ag-
gregate of English incomes exceeding 150/. amounts to about
170,000,000/. But it is plain that. a mass of the most vain •
able facts respecting the distribution of this money among
the different classes of society- must be in the hands of the
Commissioners, and must be producible without breach of
confidence. Points may be suggested in which the informa-
tion would be imperfect or deceptive ; but, with all its de-
fects, it might furnish a groundwork ter a more accurate es
timation of the nature and distribution of national wealth.'
than has ever been known in this or any other co untry•

ADVANCE IN THE PRICE OF GLASS.—The manu-
facturers of flint glass have agreed to a hat of prices, which
has been published, and came into force on the 15th instant.
The increase in the price is from 20 to 30 per cent. We be-
lieve the article has been sold for a long time at a ruinously
low price, but whether the present advance can be obtained
time only can tell.
We have reason to know that the revered bishop
and clergy of the united diocese of Waterford and Lismore—
ever foremost in the cause of their country—have deter-
mined on taking the initiative in that agitation to which the
Sentence of incarceration against O'Connell will impart re-
doubled vigour and determination. At the earliest possible
moment after the news arrives of the sentence being carried
into effect, the clergy, headed by their venerated diocesan,
the Right Rev. Dr. Foran, will assemble to petition the
Queen against the impolicy and cruelty of the proceeding.
It has been resolved also that on the same occasion the re-
newed subscriptions of both bishop and clergy will be for-
warded to the Repeal Association. This noble example, it
i 3 needless to say, will be followed universally throughout
the other dioceses of Ireland —Dublin Pilot.
NOVEL EMPLOYMENT FOR CLERGYMEN.—We have
heard of sailors turning clergymen, and of a ci-devant Lieute-
nant of the Navy becoming an Archbishop ; we have heard,
too, of clergymen becoming farmers, hucksters, horsedealers,
magistrates, diseount brokers, mining speculators, and en-
gaging in other money-making occupations; but it was re-
served for the new Earl of Lonsdale to discover that they are
also qualified to perform some of the duties of retired ship •
masters. The Noble Earl has appointed the Rev. Henry
Lowther and the Rev. John Jenkins, Trustees of the Town
and Harbour of Whitehaven, an office in which we presume
they will have to look after the shipping of Whitehaven, see
that the moorings are in good condition, that the regulations
for putting out lights and fires are strictly observed, and that
each vessel be properly. secured without interrupting the
passages. The Noble Earl has got something from the Mi-
nistry, and he pn bably contemplates giving them something
in return or securing something for liiingelf. The Rev. Henry
Lowther and the Rev. John Jenkins are faithful friends and
servants of their patron ; and they will use all the influence
he has been able to confer on them, to keep in the hands of
'the Earl, and at the service of the Tories, the representation

of the independent borough of Whitehaven.
BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY.—Exeter must
now be considered a railway town, as a locomotive engine
has this week, for the first time, made its appearance within
that ancient capital of the West of England. On Wednesday
last, the 17th instant, the first complete passage of an engine
from the present terminus-of the railway at Beambridge to
the new station at Exeter took place, the engine conveying
Mr. Brunel, the engineer in chief, Mr. Fripp, one of the Di-
rectors, and several of the assistant engineers, with Mr.
Bennett, the contractor for the permanent way, on whose
account the engine was engaged for the conveyance of timber
and other materials down the line. The arrival of the en-
gine was hailed with much interest by the Exonians, hun-
dreds of whom were assembled to witness this novel visitor.
In a few days this will become an ordinary sight, as no doubt
is entertained that the public opening of the line will take
place on the Ist May, as fi4ed and there will then (with
the exception of a slight break between Bristol and Glouces-
ter, which will be completed in the course of a few weeks)
be an unbroken railway communication from Exeter to New-
castle-on -Tyne, a distance of upwards of 300 miles !—Rail-

way Record.
DRURY-LANE THEATRE.—BENEDICT'S OPERA OF
THE " BRIDE OF VENICE."--A general rehearsal of this long-
expected work took place last night, and from the impression
me
produced on the amateurs, there can be no doubt of its com-
plete success. It is not the time to enter into a detailed no-
tice of the opera, but we may, without indiscretion, state
that the g general character
relofthat lt
c gliotadlityy, and that the ac-
companimentsthat might be
expected from Mr. Benedict's learning
but, at the same
time, are not overloaded and heavy. Mrs. Shaw, Miss Ro-
mer, and Mr. Harrison, have each some charming scenas
and airs. The choral department is very full. The finale of
the first act is full of animation, and a chorus of women,
somewhat in the madrigal style, will be very effective. As
for the stage business, it is of a novel and striking nature.
The Venetian scenery may be imagined, but there is a double
- stage effect, as the last scene is of a most complicated and
extraordinary kind.
CAMILLO SIVORI'S CONCERTe"-This celebrated
violinist gave a morning concert yesterday at the Hanover-
square Rooms, and met with a most rapturous reception. He
never played more finely. The certainty of his intonation
and the delicate finish of his execution seemed to electrify the
members of the orchestra as much as the company. He
executed the first movement of Paganini's concerto of tre-
mendous difficulty, the prayer from Mose, on the fourth
string, with variations, and the " Carnival de Venise.” Ig
all these pieces he displayell varies} PAWM iyaS tteinen,:
iibesly cbeered; 1%0'6 was an excellent orchestra, con-
ducted by Tolbeoque. The vocalists were Miss S. Novello,
Miss E. Lucombe, Bfadlle. Frassi, and Mr. Weiss ; but there
was nothing remarkable in the selection. Madlle. Frassi
sang fearfully out of tune, but that appears to be
regardedrereas
a beauty in these days. Miss Day executed with nt
Weber's concert Stuck, but it is a work which overtaxed her
powers.
The Lappiptpr and Carli,skt Tiallvvz-ty ly4s resit
a sepopffLitre last p gIIt in the Itense of rtords,
TO-1110ITOW being the first Sunday in Term, the
Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and • Corporation, will go in state to
. St. Paul's to meet the judges, sergeants, and counsel, IN the a
sermon Will be preached by the Lore Bishop of Loudon.
Service will commence at a quarter before three o'clock.

RAILWAY NOTABILIA.
(From the Railway Record.)
Several new lines are projected in Ireland—among other 2,
one from Wexford to Carlow, another from Portadown to
Monaghan, and a third from Dublin to 3lullingar.
• The Edinburgh Record, in referring to the Edinburgh,
Leith, and Newhaven Railway, says :—" Workmen have
commenced to open the communication betweeu the Drift,
tunnel, which has been carried through the foot of Scotland-
street to the markets, and the ground set apart for the station
of the railway.

Captain Kelly assumes the post of Chairman of the London
and Brighton Railway Company, in the room of Mr. Par-
sons, who, as announced at the last meeting, has retired alto-
gether from the Board. Mr. Nash is Deputy.
The Hunts Bank Connection Railway will, it is said, be
ready for opening on the Ist of next month.
A railway &Om Gloucester to Fishguard is projected, at a
cast of twu millions and a half. A ready communication
with the south of Ireland is the basis of the scheme. The
Great Western Company are said to be active in promoting it.
It is stated by the Curnarron Herald, "on authority de-
rived immediately by a magistrate of the county from the
Commissioners of 'Woods and Forests," that the existing
Menai bridge is to be tried for the purpose of railway transit,
and that only in the event of probable injury to the structure,
or interference with the common-road traffic, will a new
bridge be required.
It was officially announced by Mr. Hudson, at the late
meeting of the Company, that the Newcastle and Darlington
Railway would be opened on the 18th of June.
A railway between Tavistock and Plymbuth is talked of.
It is said that the Duke of Bedford has promised great en-
couragement to the scheme.
In two days in' Easter week no fewer than 24,000 persons
were carried on the Manchester and Leeds Railway.
It is reported to be the intention of the Great Wcstern
Company, in consequence of the defeat. of their proposed
Newbury branch, to run fast coaches between Reading and
Newbury.
A line of steamers is. about to be put on between Bristol
and Newport, in connection with the Great Western Railway.
A vessel will ply each way. daily.
A Newcattla journalist is speculating upon the results of
the present railway movement, whereby, " in the course of
two or three years, persons will be enabled to leave New-
castle-upon-Tyne in the mornine,r. and dine at Aberdeen, or
even Inverness, the same day." We hope it may be so.
The-Directors of the Sheffield and Manchester Railway
have offered a premium of 20/..for the " best and most eco-
nomical
.plan of engine suited for the hoist about 'to be
erected in the No. 14 arch at the Store-street station, Man-
chester. The second best plan to be entitled to 101.. The
plans are to be sent to the Secretary before' the 30th inst.
The Great Western Railway have it bi contemplation to
form a branch line to extend to Frome and Warminster, em-
bracing the towns of Milsham, Bradford, and Ironbridge. A
line for the three last named towns was provided fur in their
original Act of Parliament.

PROBABLE REDUCTION OF THE
TEA AND SUGAR DUTIES.
We were yesterday favoured with the following extract
from a London broker, to 'a gentleman of this town, dated
London, April 17 •
" I suppose you have heard 'that Lord Sandon told Mr.
M'Fee, of Glasgow, that an alteration in sugar and tea was
decided upon, but he did not know the extent ?"
We know not what foundation there may be for this, but
there is a very general belief amongst commercial men here
that something of the kind is intended.—Liverpool Mercury.

SUICIDE OF AN AMERICAN

MERCHANT.

Last evening a long inquiry, took place at the Horse and
Groom, Castle-street, Leicester-square, before Mr. Higgs,
concerning the death of Joseph Shniani, aged twenty-six,
an American merchant.
William Nind, proprietor of Pagliano's Hotel, No. 30, Lei-
cester-square, said that the deceased had lodged in his
house for the last six weeks. He represented himself as an
American merchant, lately arrived from Italy, and about to
proceed to New York. Not being able to liquidate the de-
mand witness had upon him, deceased made an engagement
to meet him that morning (Friday) with his friend Mr.
Rosselli, who, he stated, would become guarantee for the
amount. Witness found that, at the appointed time, deceased
had not risen from bed, and he waited a short time expecting
him to make his appearance; but shortly after twelve o'clock
sent one of the waiters up to call him. The door was locked,
and upon forcing it open, the deceased was seen lying upon
the floor alive, but bleeding from a large wound in the
throat. He died in about an hour. On the previous day
witness told him that he could not remain any longer in the
house, upon which deceased asked to be allowed to get some
letters from his desk, which he stated were were of great im-
portance ; and he then took from the drawer a packet of
letters, addressed to Mr. Roselli, Mincing-lane, City. The
day of his death (Friday) witness received the following
letter, which deceased had evidently written the previous
day—it was written in French :
I pray you to send to Mr. Rosselli, Mincing-lane, my
writing-desk, and the two parcels addressed ~40 him. I kill
myself, because lam tired of living. I have prayed to God
and the most holy mother that they might take from me
those thoughts, but my prayers have had no effect. It seems
that that should be my destiny. Before dying I have re-
pented with all my heart of all my faults, and I hope in the
mercy of God that my soul may be saved.. Pray for me.—
I am, &c. " SIMIANI."
Witness found a note addressed to him, in which deceased
stated " that he owed him something ; that he (witness) was
master of all his effects ; but that he was sorry there was not
sufficient recompense for his trouble." From a peculiar wild-
ness of the eye witness had observed in deceased, he consi-
dered that his mind was affected. He (deceased) was in the
habit of uttering the most ridiculous falsehoods, indeed, such
as no person could believe. From his habits; witness had no
doubt that deceased was a gentleman of education. He was
latterly in pecuniary difficulties; but when he had money he
was very improvident.
Mr. A. Roselli, jun., merchant, of Mincing-lane, City,
said that he had for a long time past transacted business
with the deceased and his father. He had heard deceased
say several times lately that he was mad; and, in witness's
opinion, his mind was not in a perfectly sound state. His
skull was severely fractured by a fall from his horse about
nine years agn.
The following is a ti anslation of the letter he wrote to
witness
"You will be astonished to hear the resolution I have
taken, but lam tired of living. I have known this world
long enough; but I hope to enjoy mirth and tranquillity in
the next. As I have not in London a better friend than you,

I beg you to send the inclosed letters to their addresses.
S-nd my desk to Leghorn. .No ; upon second thoughts, you
had better keep it. " SIMIANI. '

Deceased ofien told him that he was connected with the
house of Baring, but witness did not believe him, and thought
his mind was wandering. Amongst the addresses on the
letters found were the following :—" Messrs. Claude, Clerc,
and Co., Marseilles ;" and " Mr. F. Richards, 25, Walter-
street, New .Vork.."
Thomas Blunt, the waiter, said that he found the razor
with which deceased had inflicted the wound secreted under
the bed.
Verdict—" Temporary insanity."

JURISDICTION OF TIIE CORONER FOR THE DUCHY

or LANcAsitß.—On Thursday afternoon Mr. Higgs, the
Coroner for the Duchy of Lancaster, appointed an inquest
to be held at the Cock Foresters, near Barnet, on the body
of Robert Trigg, aged forty-eight. The Duchy of Lancas.
ter embraces a most extensive tract of land in London, and
several parts of the environs. It includes all that was for-
merly Enfield-chase, from near Barnet to Enfield, and
southward to Edmonton. The precinct of the Savoy, in
the Strand, is also within its jurisdiction, as well as a great
part of Clapham-common, and some of the Wandsworth-
road. Upon the jury assembling at the Cock Foresters,
it was found that the room in which the inquest was to be
held was out of the duchy, and in the county, and an ad-
journment to, some other place became necessary. An

adjoining coachhouso was the only convenient place near at
hand, and in this unusual place the inquiry was gone into. It
appeared by the evidence that the deceased was a farm la-
bourer, and on Tuesday, he with other men, had been en-
gaged in carting timber on a truck drawn by three horses. As
they were returning home, in the evening, near Trent Park
Lodge, three men were riding in the truck, deceased was sit-
ting on the pole in front, and a lad was driving the horses.
The deceased was asked to get up in front, and while in the
act of doing so the pole of the carriage jerked him off, and he
fell down backwards. The horses were stopped, but the wheels
grazed against the right side of his head, and he bled most
profusely. Surgeons were sent for, but they did not arrive
for three-quarters of an hour after his death, he having ex-
pired very shortly after the accident. All the party were
quite sober, and there had been no quarrelling. N erdict,
" Accidental death, with a deodand of Is. on the wheel."
FATAL ACCIDENT FROM A STEAMBOAT: Last
evening Mr. Hayne held an inquest in the St. Magnus
vestry-room, London-bridge, on the body of J. W. Foster,
aged twenty-four, late money-taker on board the Fairy Wool-
wich steam-bort. It appeared in evidence, that at nine
o'clock on Easter Monday evening, the boat arrived crowded
with passengers at the Old Shades pier, and a gangway was
made from the after part of the deck on to the dumb-lighter-
pier. Deceased was seen at the time on the ganway plank,
and whilst they were mooring the vessel close to from an
gangway.from the fore part of the deck, a splash was
heard in the water, and a cry of " a man overboard" was
raised. Deceased was immediately missed, but though lights
were held over the spot where it was supposed deceased had
fallen, nothing could be seen of him. Drags were imme-
diately put out, but the body could not be found. It was not
found until yesterdf:y morning, when it was discovered by a
lighterman floating in the water, close to the side of the Lon-
don-bridge wharf. The money he had taken on Easter Mon-
day, amounting to 121. 18s 9d., was found on his person. As
no one actually saw him fall into the water, the jury returned
an open verdict of—Found drowned.
MR. W. FARREN.—It is with great • pleasure we
call attention to the notice that this distinguished comedian

has so far recovered from his alarming illness as to
be able to resume his professional duties on Monday next.
He will appear as Sir Peter Teazle in the School for Scandal.
Mrs. Bailey, with her only child, a boy about nine
years of age, has recently sailed in the Royal Saxon for New
South Wales, to join her husband, the Rev. William Bailey,
who, it will be remembered, was sentenced to be transported
for life, for forgeries committed under very aggravated cir-
cumstances, with intent to defraud the executors of a de-
ceased member of his congregation. Mrs. Bailey carries out
with her to the colony letters of recommendation from many
influential individuals, who have kindly interested them-
selves in her behalf. This unfortunate and amiable lady is
a grand-daughter of the late Rev, William Jones, of ray-
land, so well known by his 0 Catholic Doctrine of a Trinity
proved," and other highly-esteemed works. Mrs. Bailey is
herself an authoress, and has published several volumes of
poems ; amongst them are " Palmyra," " The Months," and
"Mum Sacm, containing original hymns and translations
from the Latin and Italian poets,—geral,
ATTEMPTVP SVICIfof IN AISTATION.HOUSE.—YeS-
terday, amongst the night *charges at Marylebone Police
Court, connected with the S division, was one preferred
against a man named George Arnold, for having stolen some
saws and other carpenters' tools. Mr. Inspector Aggs ad-
dressed the Magistrate, Mr. Long, in reference to this case,
and stated that the accused was taken to the stationtlniw,
at Kentish-town, on the previous welling about Dine o'clock ;
in a few minutes after he was loalyd up, hp (tile Inspector)
pr, in ciritdP i;fnoisel entered- the cell, when lw
4441 w unfortunate in4n sitting on the floor with his head
resting against thewall ;he was bleeding from two deep and
jagged wounds In his throat, and aslaisarlypindgestsveritiiksnsiifdee with
,
which he had inflicted the injury, w
. The
wounds were dressed by Dr. llollands, who was promptly in
attendance, and the sufferer was subsequ,enwtliireonveyefl in a
coach to the University College Hospital
mains in a very alarming conditionit ee.41)11.Y W:7
regret that the ipsppetor madel drlsetdveirl3l,4,
1.144•410:gi60w his intention of completing his object
whenever en opportunity might offer, searchedbut
prior to the key being turned upon him' at Ile was
no knife was then found, and he must therefore have had the
instrument secreted beneath some bandages upon his left
• arm, which had recently been broken • he alleged Wit lie
• had no home, and that 11. e ns 0,4 - dialf63.. • was
remanclecL

LITERATURE.

CHURCH OF'ENGLAND QUARTERLY RE=
VIEW. Ao..XXX. Painter, London, 1844.

The " History of the Wars of, the Fronde," a work
lately published by the Count de St. Aulaire, French
Ambassador at the Court of St. James's, forms the
subject of a hasty and slight, but amusing notice in
the present number of this journal. The Reviewer
warmly insists on the childishnes and want of faith
and sincerity that characterises the majority of those
those who took part in those wars, and with justice ;
for there was scarcely a man among them all who.
knew or cared what he was fighting about; even the
Court party, with Anne of Austria and the wiry Car-.
dinal Mazarin at their head, who might have been
supposed to •be terribly in earnest in their efforts to
retain possession of their despotic authority, were con-
stantly changing their views, shifting their ground of
attack, and giving way to their apprehensions; while,.
as regards the heads of the movement party, they were
found changing sides, with unparalled expedition and
effrontery—one day fighting in the foremost ranks of
the Frondeurs, the next offiring their swords to The
Court, as in' the case of • the Prince de Conde—a sort
of privileged turn-coat, who sided with either party,
just as suited his whim, his interest, or his conveni-
ence. In all the voluminous records of ancient or
modern history, there is no chapter so absurd, so
rife with the materials of the richest farce, es that
which relates to the wars of the Fronde. In
the notice of "Doctor Bloomfield's Thucydides "
there is not much critical comment of value, but we
find instead a biographical sketch of the great Greek
historian, together with a rapid summary of his cha-
racter as a man and as a writer. This summary is
well digested in point of matter, and is full of truth,
especially the following remark :—" Thucydides as-
certained his facts correctly, and threw his own ar-
dour into the scene by making himself an actor in it,
and thinking how he should have spoken and acted
under similar circumstances. q his he did without at
all falsifying history, though the words may net be
the very words used on the occasion, for the character
of the speaker, as well its the actual state of things
and the results, - are all scrupulously attended to."
The "Reformation 'Unavoidable" is a difficult and
complicated subject, treated wk h temper, and with
more fairness than we should have expected. "Doc-
tor Hookwell " is a notice of a relig:ous novel, pub-
lished a few months since, and which is more remark-
able for its zeal than its ability. We quote from the
article on the Fronde someatnusing details connected
with the Prince de Conde :
" It was characteristic enough of Mazarin, that while
Paris was in this condition, and the Parliament had
ordered the Princes to be restored to freedom, he him-
self hastened to Havre, to give liberty to Conde and his
brother,‘ as though the boon came from the Cardinal,
and not from the people and Parliament. The wily
Minister employed every means to acquire the friendship
and co-operation of the man he had betrayed ; but the
latter had present thoughts but for his triumph ; he
hurried from Havre, leaving the Cardinal to seek a
refuge in sonic one of the fortified towns of the king-
dom, and entering Paris like a conqueror, he repaired to
the palace, to manifest his joyful respects to the Queen,
as she lay, pale, haggard, and enraged, in bed. The
people, no less volatile than the Prince, cheered him on
his return to freedom, even as they had cheered when he
was dragged to captivity. The power of his house be-
came greater than ever. Mazarin was an exile ; the
Queen without influence ; and the Parliament despised.
The nobility rejoiced in the triumph of the Prince, as a
triumph belonging to their order ; and there is no doubt
that this was the period when the suggestion was first
whispered into Condes ear to seize upon the person of
the King, who was yet a minor, and so possess himself
of sovereign and supreme authority. And now, too, it
was that the French clergy, in a body, first openly
espoused the cause of the nobility against the Parlia-
ment and people ; and the opposing factions were the
burgesses and magistracy against the aristocracy and the
Church. The nobles, confident in their position, so little
respected the power of the Great Chamber, that, on the
latter remonstrating against the factious union opposed
to them, the chiefs of the aristocracy threatened to pro-
ceed to the Parliament, and fling the President and his
son into the.river ! In this struggle, however, the legal
authorities remained victorious ; for Conde, after re-
maining neutral for a time, gave them the advantages of
his secret co-operation ; and out of the intrigues which
followed, but which we have not time to narrate, the
Queen, the Cardinal, and Conde himself, rose to power
and authority. But it was again the fate of the last to
be betrayed, and that by [the Queen, who hated and
feared him, and who did not rest till he was again a pro-
scribed and flying enemy. His terror was so great, that,
at the head of a body of armed men, he fled at early
dawn, before a corps of pursuers, which daylight re-
vealed to be nothing but a number of old women and
children going to market on high trotting donkeys !
After partaking for a while of the gaieties of St. Maur,
and leaving Gondi in Paris, plotting against him in per-
son, where an air of sanctity and the society of the
clergy by day were exchanged by this licentious priest
for drunken orgies and the company of his mistresses by
night, Conde took heart at length, and boldly returned
to the capital to overcome his enemies in general, and
Gondi, who was moving the Frondeurs and the Parlia-
ment against him, in particular. These two foes met in
that assembly, flung reproaches and invectives at each
other day after day, and excited such universal interest,
that four thousand citizens escorted the. public mistress
of their Archbishop, for such Gondi now was, on her
way to hear the debates that concerned her lover and the
Prince."

The ROYAL FAMILY of HANOVER.
(From the Liverpool Journal.)
A young gentleman from Liverpool, who has been
residing for some time back at Hanover, has furnished
us with the following interesting particulars of the
domestic life of the King of llanover and his family,
—being a continuation of a paper on the same sub-
ject which appeared in the Journal a couple of months

since : •
More gossip from Hanover—The English Church—Little
known about it—Strange observances—Diplomatic indig-
nation and Royal resentment—Appearance of the whilom
Duke of Cumberland—Interesting particulars of the
Crown Prince—Affecting deportment of himself and
father at the Sacrament—Laxity of the King in high
Church observances—Dancing and amusements on a Sun-
day at Court—Popularity of the English language at
Court, and the reason of it—Little respects shown to the
ex-Grand Master of Orangemen—Attachment of all classes
to the Crown Prince—Scarcity of English residents at
Hanover—Pranks of John Bull, and consequent estimate
of the British character by the natives—Tyranny of
fashion in England, and the ridicule it provokes on the
Continent—Word of advice to Cockney tourists.
Of the 30,000 inhabitants of Hanover, who, mind-
ful of their business, and caring much more for their
pipes and their beer than for the million creeds which
are tearing this poor world to tatters, there are not
fifty who suspect for an instant, that in the heart of
their city, and in the palace of their king, there
is performed every Sunday, by an English chap-
lain, the service of the Church of England.
Though naturally open as the day, and as much ex-
posed to be known as is possible in a country where
there is no press, yet, in speaking to a native upon
the subject, it is difficult to make him believe that
there is such a thing as this hidden church in exis-
tence. A few words about this mysterious institution
and its upholders, may not prove totally uninteresting.
On becoming monarch of the realm of Hanover,
Ernest Augustus did not resume the religion of his
famed ancestors, the elder Electors, but retained that
of his father, the King's : and, accordingly, as, after
the fatigues of Government, lie must needs pray
in the good old English popery-hating fashion, it
was necessary he should have a suitable place to pray
in. But from the small number of his country-
men who honoured his capital with their residence,
it would not be worth while to build a church for his
sole Royal use ; and he was, therefore, necessitated to
put up with the same excuse for one that had been
used by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, at
the time the Royal dining-out Duke was viceroy ;
and also to order, from the Archbishop of Can-
terbury, a special minister for his chaplain. This
said building is, as I have already stated, in the
King's palace. On entering, one passes by a pair of
sentinels, whiskered, musketed, and moustached, in
the most approved Prussian manner, and who con-
stantly greet one with the greatest astonishment at
seeing so many foreign-looking people entering the
Royal residence, as if for a dijeuner with the Kin.
After passing these armed " aids to reflection,7_ it
is necessary to proceed through corridor after corridor,
on the way to the church, at one moment knocking
against a greasy cook wending to the kitchen, and then
tumbling
threading a drawing-room, or, perhaps, into
a bed-room, whose occupant still sleeps ; but by
the help of a few hussars posted here and there, one
is at last set right. The church itself is nothing
more than a large and rather.shabby-looking dining-
room ; and formerly where luscious odours used to
ascend, and toasts and songs went round with the
champagne, there are now only heard pious responses
and deep-toned
he
room,pe-Rt oed
there
lu"; A.
is n ."
for the clergy-
man,f
and IP
close to it a small
altar.tlmmediately before the altar are placed three
chairs, handsomely -adornedWilkinsonsaolnli: pulpit a coitrn er, at the head
°h
which one understands
atag have Prince, and
and the
setn there for the King, the
Crown
Crown Princess, the latter of
whom, however, but seeldom attends, from the fact of
her being a member of the Lutheran church. Be-
hind the royal seats are five or six chairs for the
lirWsh Ambassador, the Hon. Mr. Bligh, and the rest
of the embassy; and behind these again are a num-
ber of indiscriminate chairs for all who may desire to
form a part of the congregation, the whole of whom,
however, king and canaille, never amount to more
than fifty people. On last Christmas-day, when the
sacrament was given, the sight was most interesting.
After being seated for some time, I heard a clatter of
tgrigue3 within the folding-doors, all speaking in an
angry tone, but far above them all was heard raging
the continual squeak of one of the most unmusical
voices I ever heard in my life, which some one near
me whispered was the property of his Majesty, Ernest
Augustus. Suddenly all ceased, and in walked the
old King, in his usual undress hussar uniform, his
face seemingly red and broiling with anger, which,
contrasting with his snow-white whiskers and m nis-
taches, gave his physiognomy a oust odd appear-

once. He is about six feet high, and with a very
upright military bearing, and altogether an exceed-
ingly fine-looking man for his age. Behind him
came two officers leading his son, the Crown Prince,
who, as all the world knows and regrets, is incur-
ably blind. When the Prince was seated, the officers
immediately disappeared. Until the Royal pair had
seated themselves, the congregation remained stand-
ing. The Crown Prince seemed to know the service
most accurately, for he stood, kneeled, and sat at
different parts of it, with the utmost exactitude, and
answered each of the responses, as, did also his father,
in the most pious and feeling tone. He seems, how-
ever; to be troubled with St. Vitus' dance, for, when-
ever I see him, he is continually fidgeting with. his
sword or buttons, and incessantly moving and throw-
ing-J-16 arms about in the strangest and most ludicrous
manner; but really whether he has this dreadful af-
fection of the nerves or not, Ido not know, but rather
think it is merely a bad habit.
At the second service, where the sacrament was to
be taken, it was most sorrowful and melancholy to
behold the aged and broken-down King (now the
oldest sovereign in Europe, since the death of the
King of Sweden) leading and guiding to and front
the communion table, with care and solicitude, his
blind and feeble son, who, by the natural rule, should
be the prop and support of his declining years, and
who, though endowed with, the most striking physical
beauty and strength of form. is still rendered weak
and powerless as a child, by the ever-to-be-deplored
loss of his eye-sight.
Even the worst enemies of the King of Hanover
have ever allowed him, when he wit the Duke, to
have been a zealous, and some--Meiald a bi-
goted churchman ; but, as the King, must say
he does not deserve to retain that onee•prized title,
and this is principally shown by the utter dis-
regard lie exhibits of the Sunday. Each se-
venth day are seen before the palace or castle,
lights blazing and guards parading, all of which
indicate that his Majesty is about •to make
merry with his subjects. This treating the Sunday
in the same manner as another day, is a custom
among all the Christians in Europe, except those of
England; and Ernest Augustus cannot therefore be
greatly blamed if he makes this concession to the
Ilanoverians on becoming their king. He should
not, 'however; go farther than this, nor attempt to
compel his own countrymen, who may still retain the
prejudices of their fatherland, to do the same, as has
lately been the case by his requiring the attendance
of the British Ambassador at all his Sunday parties.
He has only a short time since commenced giving
these Sunday balls, and to the first Mr. Bligh was,
as a matter of course, invited, but declined attending.
A few days afterwards, so runs the story, there was
grand diplomatic dinner at the palace, at which the at-
tendance of his British Excellency was not requested.
The affronted Ambassador inquired the cause, but
receiving no satisfactory answer, wrote to England,
demanding instructions as to how he should act ;" but
Lord Aberdeen refused interfering in such a matter,
and entirely left it to Mr. Bligh's own choice as to
his attending the Sunday soirees or not. The end of
the matter, as rumour goes, is, that his Excellency
now repairs every Sunday, makes his bow to the
King, and then hurries away, and drives home again
as fast as possible; thus, at the same time, satisfying the
King's commands, and not in the slightest disturbing
the serenity of his own conscience. There is like-
wise a report that the King's English chaplain also
attends, and, what is still more, dances every Sun-
day ; but this is such an unlikely matter that I can-
not give any credence to it. The King, it is said,
takes the greatest delight also in society, notwith-
standing his age, and goes hobbling about from per-
son to person, talking with the greatest satisfaction to
himself, though in the most abominable German that
ever affrighted a human tympanum. In consequence
of the horror it is reported the King has for German,
English has become the fashionable language, scarcely
anything else being spoken at the Court. After
church-time (although, indeed, his attendance is any-
thing but regular), he takes a walk through the town,
as, indeed, he does on most fine days, alwas leaning
upon the arm of, and chatting with, an Adjutant. I
suspect that if any person who bore the title of
Majesty, was to take it into his head to walk through
the streets of any large town in England, his life and
reign would not, through the pressure of the mob
certain to follow at his Royal heels, be of long
duration ; but here, as through all Germany is,
the custom, the King goes about, looking into the
shops and scrutinising the soldiers' uniforms, as
coolly as possible, and enjoying himself like other
people. But what I particularly remark is, that few
persons salute him, in the usual German way, by
taking off the hat, as is always done to the Crown
Prince and his amiable consort. No person ever
thinks of looking after the King, or turning round
to stare at him, as would be the case in England;
but, on the contrary, so little are the people excited
by the 'presence of royalty, that I have seen some of
the lower orders -whistle as they have passed him.
One of royal blood goes about with as little attention
paid to them as to other people ; and the Crown
Princess walks from shop to shop, with her footman
behind, greeted always by the flying off of the hat, or
the low curtsey; but still by a natural politeness be-
longing to the
Germans, she is never incommoded by
being watched or stared at.

Tile English in Hanover are, at this moment, any-
thing but numerous, though, when the Duke of
Cambridge was here, there were a
.great many. The
national character has suffered seriously by the dis-
graceful conduct of some of our countrymen, who,
by bad luck, have been here. There were lately
some strange transactions by a paymaster, sent by
the English Goverment for the purpose of paying
the pensions to the members of the German Legion,
which for some time, was in England, and after-
wards in the Peninsula ; and the publicity that
attended them has done great harm among the
lower orders to the English character. There have
also been some madmen here, who, with a great pre-
ponderance of money over wit, have played most
unheard-of and extraordinary tricks ; and the general
belief among the canaille is, that every Englishman
is a sort of insane Crcesus, who goes flying about
from country to country for the sole object of being
cheated. That there is some truth in the remark can-
not be doubted, since it would be difficult to discover
for what possible purpose Englishmen go and thrust
their noses into every state, town, and village through-
out the civilised, and, indeed, sometimes through the
uncivilised world. If it is for the purpose of being
ridiculed and laughed at, their object is gained to the
utmost extent, since their depth and intensity of
curiosity is the laughing stock of all Europe. The
manner in which the Germans ridicule the flock of
cockneys on the Rhine, who fly from England every
summer, is most laughable to hear; and the jokes
and tricks said to have been played on their igno-
rance should give most Englishmen a perfect surfeit
of travelling in such numbers together, instead of
going quietly and peaceably, each, according to their
tastes, without all the hurry and scrambling of an in-
vading army of foreigners. It is a pity that fashion,
the only despot that Englishmen bow to, does not
turn their carriage wheels to all the beautiful scenery
'of their own kingdoms • but as monied
among the English are the most vulgar of
so they are constantly vigorous in their efforts DO
over a la mode. mankind,

---
An interesting lecture on the Currency was deli-
vered last evening at the George Hotel, Aldermanbury,
under the sanction of the Society for the Emancipation
of Industry. The audience was composed of the highly
respectable traders in.the neighbourhood, by 'Whom the
lecture was well received, and at its close a conversation
ensued which contributed to elucidate the principles of
the currency, We understand the lecture is likely to be
repeated in other places in the metropolis, and we re-
commend our readers to attend it when an opportunity

May occur.
DEATH or OLD STUART, AGED 116.—This singu-
lar being lived amongst us a relic of hoar antiquity, con-
necting our era with the far-off reign of George 11. ;
while, according to his own unvarying tale, he was the
lineal and the last surviving descendant of the Royal
race of Stuart. lie has this week paid the debt of
nature. Endowed with a tenacity of life of which we
have always regarded his extraordinary feats of per-
sonal strength in former days, and the extreme old age
to which he reached at last, as the joint confirmation.
his time could scarcely yet be said to have come, in the
course of nature, for his death was the result of an in-
jury in the hip-joint, occasioned by a fall on Thursday
last week. In his anxiety to get out of doors, to
enjoy the recent sunny weather, his foot had entangled,
and he was thrown down. Any injury, however
slight, was almost sure to have proved fatal, and
accordingly the utmost care and skill were unavailing.
He expired on Thursday morning, at the advanced age
of 116 years, 3i months. It may be satisfactory to
know, now that all poor Jamie s wandering's lave
ceased, that the fund, which the kindneSs of a few
1 munificent individuals (including our gracious Sovereign?
and several of the leading names in the land) haat
placed at the disposal of Mr. Jaffray, bookseller.
in Berwick, and ourselves, has amply sueffic. to
lsamteoloyththe bestowedlast
haisspebrlietsiesisnign honis pisfarth.
4.;
aarnrad
ythdte.anr7yeasa: n
said
‘T‘ thhea
most t he lt
vigilantdn a been
means s a ewwe
reee la
daeffptethdis.of administering•
taAo
wholendh iimt t mastlie
bo comforts
generation,t ate
tendedt beat
hat hasinsudiwtedkief;ttosohif.a.hmhnoeliivsKiipgrathecheilsstaoljniluctiM:;aoecarilydi
11l ll parts'jlassiduity'tiGßotAfr T'tt 11l
exemplary.e—m V:
rae ta r numberse Berwick
fl o c king to this' port, on
their way to Canada and the United States, with a smaller
number for other colonies. So numerous are they at
present that passages are difficult to obtain., 'The ma-
jority of the Scotch emigrants are for Upper Canada,
whilst those of this country and Ire)an'a are for th°
United States. The Irish emigrants in number fully
amount to that of the English, Scotch, w.id Welsh united,
and they are generally poor people elapsed off the estatea
of the Irish landlords, During the winter monthi; there
were more English emigrants sailing' front thii' port than
Irish, but from some causes, perhavi.a little revival in
trade, Their numbers have lately dr ttunished.—Pveipeet
Mercury.

w.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS, April 19.

Their Lordships met at the usual hour.
Several Bills from. the Commons were brought up and
read a first time.

Petitions against the Dissenters' Chapels Bill were
presented by the Earl of Rosebery from Berwick-on-
Tweed ; by the Marquis of Normanby from a place in
Ireland ; and petitions in favour of the Bill were pre-
sented by the Earl of Sefton from a congregation in
Renshaw-street, Liverpool ; by the Earl of Radnor,
the Marquis of Normanby, Lord Sudely, and Lord
Beaumont.

Lord MONTEAGLE postponed the second reading
of the Bill for preventing the forestalling of markets is
Ireland till Tuesday next, for the purpose of amending
the Bill, so as to apply to Scotland as well as Ireland.
Lord CAMPBELL presented a petition from several
places in Ireland, praying that their Lordships would
legalise the Presbyterian marriages.
The Duke of BUCCLEUCH presented a petition
against the union of the sees of St. Asaph and Bangor.
After a few words from Lord CAMPBELL and the
LORD CHANCELLOR, the Dissenters' Chapels Bill was
postponed till this day week.
Lord WHARNCLIFFE presented a petition praying
for the alteration of certain clauses in the Poor-laws.

The Bishop of EXETER presented petitions from
several parts of the United Kingdom against the Dis-
senters' Chapels Bill. He said that the petitioners felt
confident that the interests of religion were involved in
this measure, and prayed their Lordships not to sanction
it. This Bill, for the reasons he had stated, would therefore
receive his opposition, and he gave his full support to
the prayer of the petition. In presenting these petitions
he would state to their Lordships that there was an irre-
gularity with respect to them, inasmuch as they were
headed as coming from members of the Presbyterian
Church in Ireland. Now, there was no such church
either in England or Ireland. Had the petitions come
from Scotland, of course he would not have made this
observation ; but in England and Ireland no church was
recognised except the Church of England, and there was
an express canon of the Church against any persons
calling themselves the members of any church not the
Church of England.
Lord CAMPBELL wished to know the date of such
canon.

The Bishop of EXETER was perfectly ready to give
the Noble Lord an answer. The canon was established
in England in the year 1603, and in Ireland about thirty
years later.
The Marquis of DOWNSHIRE presented several pe-
titions in favour of the Bill.