The Sun.
London, England, 1850-10-17 00:00:00

SWANSCOMBE,

TO be LET, in this beautiful', Tillage, a desirable
FAMILY RESIDENCE, in complete repair, and containing
breakfast, dining, and drawing-rooms, five bed-rooms, excellent
offices, two-stall stnble and coach-house, kitchen-garden, large pad-
dock and well•stocked orchard ; a good supply of excellent spring
water.

The premises are a short distance from the Greenhitho Pler,
where boats call to and from London freqthently in the day, and only
half-a-mile front the Northfieet Station.

For terms, ELe.. apply to A. R. Steel, Esq., No. 1, Lincoln's lon-
fields ; or to 31r. Frederick Goodeve, Ingress Abbey.

rfO PARENTS and GUARDLINS.—A portion
of the extensive Premises in Regent-street, occupied by
Messrs. NICOLL, will in future be devoted for the production of
BOYS' and YOUTHS' CLOTHING, such to exhibit unusual good
taste, style, and tinisio, besides having a farther recommendation in
their durability and very moderate cost.
College Caps and Gowns, with every kind of Garment calculated
for pleasure, duties, or exercise, and surf as are worn by Young
Gentlemen at the Colleges and Great Put•lic Schools. These arc al-
ways ready to be met with at the Warerooms of IL J. lama D. NI-
COLL, Merchant Clothiers, Paletot Patentees, and Manufacturers of
Cloth, Regent-street (from 114 to 120 inclusive), and 22, Cornhill.
CAUTION.—Many have assumed the use of the word " PALETOT,"
but:Messrs. NICOLL are the Sole Patentees of the design and ma-
terial (in Winter or Summer Substances) employed in the manufac-
ture of this inexpensive and gentlemanly article of costume.

CORN AND CURRENCY.
THE MARIiET BoswoßTH FARMERS'
ASSOCIATION.
(From the Leicestershire Mercury.)
As we briefly stated last week, the members of this
association commencemed their autumn session by
considering how " the currency affects the interests
of the agriculturists of Great Britain." Mr. R.
Smith, of Sutton Cheney, was in the chair.
Mr. N. Gistsox moved the first resolution, as fol-
lows :—" That the question, of the currency is one
which materially affects the agriculturists of Great
Britain, and becomes indispensably necessary to be
tlebsidered since the principles of free trade have
been adopted." It might be asked, perhaps (said
Mr. Gimeon), why the farmers should take up this
question ? what had they to do with it—and did
they understand it ? If they did not understand it,
that was because they had not yet readied the ques-
tion.—(Hear, hear.) As to its n-ot affecting them, he
would remark that the farmers eound, owing to the
reduction in the price of agricultural produce, that
they were paying 2/. for every V. they were receiv-
ing—(Hear)—and they all knew that our present cur-
rency system was based on the corn-law, which esti-
mated the average price of wheat at 80s. a quarter ;
that was, no foreign corn should come into this
country under 803. a quarter. He did not mean
that the farmers received 80s. a quarter for their
corn under that law—(Hear, hear)—but that they
were supposed to be receiving 80s., and that their pay-
ments were based on that supposition.—(leer,
hear.) They had now, however, to sell two quarters
for that supposed price of one ; and that being
the case, was it reasonable that the landed interest
should be called upon to pay two pounds where be-
fore they only had to pay one.—(Hear, hear.) The
other cley, as be wanted a new coat, he went into a
tailor's shop to ask the price cf one—he was told 50s.
He told the tradesman that money was a scarce com-
modity with farmers now; but that he would give
him a quarter of corn for his coat.—(Laughter.)
The tailor, however, said no; the principle of barter
would not suit him ; and so (we understood) the bargain
was not struck.—(Hear.) These remarks were very
general, he was aware, and he refrained from going fur-
ther into the question as the Rev. Mr. Twells would
shortl y address them at length:upon:the subject. But he
(Mr. Gimson) would beg to remind the meeting that
they had a mighty struggle before them, for which
they must arm themselves well. They had justice on
their side ; their arms must be the goosequill and
discussion ; and, clothed in a panoply of hope, assu-
rance, and indomitable perseverance, he had no fear
of the result.—(Cheers.) They had no corn-tax—
they would have no bank-tax.—(Renewed cheers )
Mr. BURDERY briefly seconded the resolution ; after
which the CUAInMAN said he had now the pleasure of
calling upon the Rev. John Twells, of Perlethorpe,
Nottinghamshire, to express his opinion upon the
question now before the meeting.
Mr. TWELLS then rose and spoke as follows :—ln
venturing to appear amongst you, I must request
your indulgence, both as a stranger and as one
whose profession may appear to disqualify him,
in some respects, for taking a part in the public
discussion of the question which calls us together
to-day. I can unaffectedly say, that nothing but
an overwhelming sense of the importance of this ques-
tion to the country in general, and at this time more
particularly to the agricultural interest, would have
induced me, here or elsewhere, to have come forward
as I am now doing.—(Hear.) Yes, gentlemen, it is
a deeply -rooted conviction of many years' standing,
founded on a deliberate and impartial consideration of
this question, and an attentive observation of the facts
of the case for the last thirty years, which has in-
duced numbers of thinking men—arguing from the
experience of what has happened in this country, to
abstract principles as to the causes of what they have
witnessed—to devote their time and energies to this
little-understood question : because we believe that
the interests of all, rich and poor, manufacturers and
agriculturists, are so deeply involved in it, that per-
manent prosperity can never (under any circum-
stances) be secured, till we have a thorough reform of
the present monetary system, established by Peel's
Bills of 1819 and 1844 —(Cheers.) The resolution
which will be put from the chair for your adoption or
rejection, declares" That the question of the currency
is one which materially affects the agriculturists of
Great Britain." And with respect to the importance
of the question to the agriculturists, and all other
classes, I beg to call your attention to the opinion of
the late Sir Robert Peel in his speech of May 6,
1844, on the Bank Charter Bill. Speaking of his
Currency Bill he says, " There is no contract,
public or private, no engagement, national or indi-
vidual, which is unaffected by it. The enterprises
of commerce, the profits of trade, the arrangements
to he made in all the domestic relations of society,
the wages of labour, the transactions of the highest
amount, and of the lowest, the payment of the na-
tional debt, the provision for the national expendi-
ture on the one hand, and the command which the
coin of the smallest denomination has over the neces-
saries of life on the other, are all affected by the deci-
sion to which we may come on that great question
which lam about to submit to the consideration of
the Committee." With this comprehensive and well-
expressed statement of Sir Robert Peel I entirely
agree. Money is one half of every bargain made be-
tween man and man. In early times, all traffic was
a matter of barter. Each man bartered the super-
fluity of what he possessed for that which he desired
to possess. But it soon became requisite to have some-
thing for which all should be willing to exchange
commodities. That something was called money. In
different countries various commodities have been
considered money, but the precious metals, as they
are called, gold and silver, have, from their portabi-
lity and durability, been generally adopted for that
purpose. One of the earliest instances on record
of a precious metal being a medium of exchange
is that of Abraham, with which you are all fa-
miliar. Abraham bought the field of Machpelah, of
Ephron the Hittite, the son of Zohar, for four hundred
sheckels of silver. This silver was " current with the
merchant," but it was not coin. "Abraham weighed
to Ephron the silver." The word shechelCoMn from
the Hebrew shachal, to weigh. Calmet affirms that
the Hebrews had no coined money till Antiochus Si-
detes, King of Syria, granted to Judas Maccabmus
the privilege of coining money in Judaea. Now the
valuel of any commodity—corn, for instance—would
depend on two things : the supply and demand of
corn, and the supply and demand of silver. And here
you will, I think, begin to see clearly how the cur-
rency question affects your interests. The farmer is
a manufacturer, so to speak, of corn and cattle. He
takes the superfluity of his corn and cattle to market,
and with them he buys money. He must possess
himself of money, for money is the only legal tender
for his rent, his taxes, and his debts. And hence the
farmers seem to me to have been much mistaken as to
their interests when they directed their attention
solely to the laws which were made about corn, and
entirely neglected to take into consideration the laws
which were made about money.—(Hear.) They
ought to have attended to the laws made about both.
For their interests are as much affected by the laws
made respecting what they buy, viz., money, as those
made about what they sell, viz , corn. In 1826, Sir
J. Graham, in his " Corn and Currency," said, " The
value of money is in the inverse ratio of its quantity ;
the supply of commodities remaining the same, in-
crease the quantity of money, prices rise; decrease
the quantity of money, prices fall. Oa the other hand,
the quantity of money remaining the same, increase
to o
u make a k
bee
the quantity of commodities, prices fall; decrease the
this
should
quantity of commodities, prices rise." 1 will endea-
vour
well iudfepeorssstiebeled,.stilll
adopt, then,
because
.
Mill's illustration. Suppose there to be 100 loaves,
and 100 shillings to exchange for them. Each loaf
would command a shilling. The loaves remaining
100, increase the shillings to 200, and each loaf would
command two shillings • decrease the number of shil-
lings to 50, and each loaf would then command only
sixpence. On the other hand, the number of shil-
lings remaining 100, increase the loaves to 200, and
each shilling would command two loaves; decrease
the loaves to 50, and it would then take two shillings
to buy one loaf.--(Hear.) Here, then, is the common
sense view of the currency questicn. If the quantity
' of money in circulation be increased, the harvest being