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FRANCE AND MOROCCO.
(From the Times.)

tations: of John Bull himself? John] Bull has
fleets; knows he has ; sees he has ; but of what
value are fleets if merely to watch in silent awe or
scorn the work of enemies ? It would be exhilarat-
ing to learn what old Commodore Owen is parposing,
now he sees this next step at Mo adore. A wonder
is, how he restrained the blood of his British tars from
rising before this. And a miracle it will be if lieute-
nants, captains, and even cockswains of her Majesty's
naval service are to he kept idle as they are left, from
some direct act of impeachable impetuosity. It is
,
high time to demand. from M. Guiaot the terminus
of Morocco nndortalflozs- For this country, It
has nothing to inquire about Abd-el-Fader—whether
the war is only to end by chasing him from even
the bare possibility of aggression on Algeria, or whe-
ther it end where it commenced, leaving the Lrnir
unsultjugated. That is the businss of France. But
England has to see that in the martial race after
Abd-el-Bader, her commerce is not affected, her
political alliance not touched—the Moroceu realm net
pies-ent4 from t:emaiaing intact, All that England
is to see is, that her path over the Mediterranean is
free; that she retains, as she was accustomed to hold,
the command, for the passing to and fro of her ships,
the outlets and outportl which connect it with the
ocean. The envy and jealousy of France at the
strong position of Britain in that sea, so far from
exciting surprise, is simply nrtural and most likely,
But England is not to relincitto_h her powu in that
w
iquakr because envies it by t'ratiOrSbe44lfitty
SiQuacti, geodr solid,--Briti sh characteristies
prise, industry, courage, dauntless perseverance, a free
and lion spirit ; and she shall keep it, let the naval
grm4rrient; of France aspife to what they may—
let pseudo-democracy in France growl till the bull-
dog ire of her five hundred years' rival be fairly up.
Let England's cannon roll from the neighbourhood of
Ilovaki ore till its reverberations be caught up by the
Orilfi!altar roa, and where the puny thunders a the
Suffren, La Belle roule, the Jemappes ?—let echo
answer where. But war is not a tiling to wish for,
if It pan he decently averted. It is not to be denied,
however, that a suspicious indication of the necessity
or inevitability of it is
given by this n@w 000upation
on the French pant; an in an4lety it is awaited to
see what events op England's part will arise Asa coun-
terbalance, or at least as an admonition to French am-
bition, that thus far shall it go, but not farther,

wool ; this duty has since been increased until the money
duty amounts to 35f. on unwashed, and 55f. on washed
wool, and has become very burdensome to European
commerce. The export of oorn is totally prohibited,
and whole provinces producing enough to load a whole
fleet are reduced to the most abject poverty. The
Sultan finding that, notwithstanding this excessive in
crease of duty, the produce allowed to be exported was
still purchased, and that the purchasers continued to
gain a profit upon it, he determined to appropriate to
himself a portion even of this gain.. The merchants of
Mogadore, in order to meet these heavy charges upon
their exports, were obliged to augment the prices of the
merchandise they imported from Europe. Now the im-
port duties amount to only 10 per- cent.—the Sultan
could not take more upon tilts goods to be consumed by his
own subjects, becauso their poverty would prevent them
from purchasing if the prices were raised too high. But
there must be added to the 10 per cent. the regalos, or
particular claims of the Pacha and the chief officers of
the customs, and also the perpetual frauds committed in
taking the weights and measures. To prevent the
decay of the commerce of Mogadore, Abderrahman con-
ceived the idea of granting credit for the customs duties
to Moorish and Jewish merchants, and to one or two
European houses. This gave birth to a crowd of small
dealers without oapital, who went keadlong into specu-
lations, and the trade of Mogadore lost all its solidity, and
the Sultan runs the risk of losing several millions as
soon as it is stopped by the war."

The violence and rapidity with which the succes-
sive operations of the French force:: engaged in the
war with Morocco are carried :on, have at least the
advantage that they strengthen our hopes of a speedy
termination of this dangerous and embarrassing state
of hostilities on the confines of Europe. It was a
favourite argument of the organs of the Qpposition,
who have attributed to France the formal design of
subjugating the empire of Morocco, that the war was
to he protracted by every imaginable artifice, and
the Moors menaced by the slow and staady prones.-4
of the French armies, tending not only to the defeat
of their troop; but to the conquest of their territory.
It must, however, now he confessed, that if any arti-
fices have been used for the purp(ses of delay; they
have not been adopted by the French. Marshal
Bogeaud has fought a pitched battle against an army
at least three times as numerous as his own ; and the
Prince de Joinville has proceeded with the utmost
rapidity to destroy the principal mercantile port of the
empire. We trust that an interval may now inter-
vene, during which the effect of these operations on
the Sultan A.bderacimm may be discovered. The
French Government continue to demand the very
same terms, and no others, which they pro-
posed before the war began, namely, the disso-
lution of the large bodies of troops collected on
the borders of the province of Oran, 4.nd thp f;g4::
sation of thosesupplies and.that. shelter in the fefi:if'
tory of Morocco which have so long enabled Abd-el";''
Rader to carry on a harassing system of warfare
along the confines of the Desert, The strongest as-
surances have been, and are still given, that the conces-
sion of these points by a formal treaty will at once
restore to France that security whtch is all she
claims, or has any right to claim: and will terminate
the war.

'TATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUIt-
ANTE SOCIETY,
16, CORNIfILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
limpowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last anaual investigation, to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 par cent. on the amounts invested on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.

SUBMARINE OPERATION
-461"-Virv-114V1i; Or- 4gk404.11-
MITI- All,

These have been proceeding with great vigour
under the able and zealous superintendence of Lieu-
tenant Barlow, the executive_ engineer. The great
mass of timber imbedded in mud, composing the
centre of the hull of the Edgar' which was discovered
on the 23d of May, and which from an accurate sure
vey taken by that officer stood 13 feet higher than
the general level of the bottom, has been lowered ten
feet by the continual removal of pieces, which have
either been loosened or fractured when necessary by,
frequent small explosions. The quantity of gunpow-
der expended in this manner, from the commencement
of the season to Saturday, the 17th instant, inclusive,
was more than 3,900 lbs. Amongst the large masses
of wreck recovered, the greater part of which has
been piled either on the watering island in the dock-
yard behind the rigging-house, or on the island in the
harbour, near Clarence victualling-yard, 40} feet in
length of the keel has been sent up. Thirteen more
guns have been recovered since our last notice of these
operations, of which nine were sent up in one week,
from the Bth to the 13th of July. The first of these
guns was discovered by sweeping, and the others
found not far from it, at the distance of from twenty
to twenty-five fathoms nearly north-east of the two
lighters then moored over the hull. Of these guns
Corporal Jones sent up four, viz., one 32-pounder,
two 18-pounders, and one 12-pounder. Lance-Cor-
poral Girvan sent up one 32-pounder, and one
6-pounder ; and Private Herbert, of the East India
Company's Sappers and Miners, sent up two
18-pounders, and a very large fragment of a 24
pounder, wanting only three feet near the muzzle of
its total length.
On the 10th instant, the volunteer seamen of the
Excellent, who had been practising diving for two
months at Spithead, taking it.in their turns for one
day at a time, ceased to be employed, and afterwards
returned to their ship with a certificate from Major-
General Pasley, chiefly in consequence of the favour-
able report of Lieutenant Barlow, but also partly
from his own occasional observation, not only of their
being well qualified as divers, and of their zeal and
diligence as workmen, but also of their regularity and
good conduct when off duty, and of the friendly '
manner in which they had behaved to the sappers and
miners, riggers, and pensioners, and others employed
in the same service. In this satisfactory communica-
tion, addressed to Sir Thomas Hastings, their com-
manding officer, the fact of one of their number,
Quartermaster Germain, who took the place of one
of the constant military divers when ill, having on
that occasion sent up a piece of' the keel of the Edgar,
was noticed. Lieutenant Fairholme, R.N., an officer
of the Excellent, also had authority from his com-
manding officer to remain at Spithead one week with
Lieutenant Barlow, with the laudable view of learn-
ing the art of diving, as well as the use of the voltaic
battery for submarine explosions, &c., and went re-
peatedly to the bottom, as Lieutenant Barlow had also
done. On one occasion LieUtenant Fairholme met
with one of the •regular; divers at the bottom, and
from want of experience went round him before he
returned to his own ladder, in consequence of which
his breast or signal line became entangled with this
man's, and on being hauled up his feet were upper-
most. This accident, which only caused him a tem-
porary headache, was another confirmation of the su-
periority of Mr. Liebe's improved diving apparatus.
Had the same thing happened with the original diving
apparatus of Deane's pattern, in which the helmet is
open at bottom, this valuable officer must inevitably
have been drowned. An accident had previously
occurred on the 12th of June, by an air-pipe separat-
ing from the pump on deck, whilst one of the volun-
teer seamen divers was at the bottom; but no injury
was done to the individual in consequence, as the
safety valves with which that and all the other helmets
had been fitted by General Pasley's directions, and
which at the time were all in perfect order, prevented
the air from escaping, and the man was drawn up
perfectly unconscious that anything was amiss. The
same accident happened to Lance-Corporal Girvan,
lon the 27th of July, whose air-pipe on deck separated
from the pump, on which, being fully aware that
something had gone wrong, he made the signal, and
was drawn up sensible, but much injured, especially
about the throat and head, as the air rushed violently
out of his helmet, in the same manner as if no safety-
valve had been attached to it. General Pasley, on
receiving the report of this accident—the third that
happened in the course of three seasons from the same
cause—was very much grieved, and at the same time
surprised. The first two accidents alluded to were
easily accounted for, as the helmets of the divers had
not been all provided with safety-valves at that time.
But this last accident at first appeared in some mea-
sure unaccountable, fur no report of the state of the
helmet had been made in announcing it. But as soon
as the helmet was carefully examined, the cause became
apparent. Owing to the safety-valve not having been
taken to pieces since the commencement of the sea-
son, it had become clogged with verdigris, so that it
could not shut properly, and a great portion of the air
was enabled to escape inconsequence. Girvan was imme-
diately- sent to Hasler Hospital, and, under the excellent
advice and treatment there, is rapidly recovering, his
general health fortunately
.not having been injured,
and his eyes only remaining weak and bloodshot.
After this accident, Lieut. Barlow had the safety-
valves of all the helmets taken to pieces and cleaned,
and this practice, which has thus been proved to be
indispensable, will be repeated once a-week for the
future. Before this occurred, even the divers them-
selves placed such confidence in these valves, that they
were not aware of the necessity of overhauling them.
Another accident, but of a less serious nature, after-
wards occurred to Private Sticklen. After having
done his work at the bottom, whilst being hauled up
by signal to the lighter whence he had descended, his
helmet struck against a pig of ballast attached to a
diver's rope-ladder hanging over the side, which broke
one of his three glass eyes, so that the water rushing
in filled his dress and rose nearly to the top of his
helmet ; but, as this occurred near the surface, he
sustained no injury or inconvenience, except swallow-
ing some salt water.
Besides the volunteers of the Excellent, three vo-
lunteer seamen of her Majesty's ship Collingwood,
now at anchor at Spithead, and carrying the flags of
Rear-Admiral Sir George Seymour, were instructed
in the art of diving under Lieutenant Barlow, and
the system followed was personally inspected and ap-
proved by the Admiral himself, whose ship is provided
with a complete diving apparatus. The air-pumps
had always been examined and cleaned; the necessity
of which, if neglected, constantly forces itself upon
the attention of the divers and their assistants, but the
state of the safety-valves, unless periodically exa-
mined, could only be known by an accident.
The operations at Spithead were much impeded
and retarded by such very violent gales of wind
in the early part of the month of' August, that the
divers were prevented from working from time to
time.' The Success frigate, in which 'they were quar-
tered, rolled and pitched violently. The Drake sail-
ing lighter was obliged to take refuge in Portsmouth
harbour, and the operation of sweeping for guns and
wreck, which was carried on at all times when prac-
ticable, by Major-General Pasley's orders, was
necessarily suspended ; but on the 23d of August
when he again visited Spithead, he was pleased to find
that an 18-pounder had been sent up that morn,s e
epbging by
private
Sap-
pers an
at the distance of about 15 fathoms to the north-east of
the lighter. Next day, when he repeated his visit, a
dS Miners,ticit' Sticklers,
which of th
was Eas t
discovered India
large floor-timber, broken by some of the previous
which Jones,
hewho
sentaf t
ue r•
besides staves of casks, &c., 91 shot of various sizes,
explosions, i o
tookns , wdaoswn sent
a ul
large
bgye crate,CorPo Corporal
' chiefly 32-pounders, lying over a mass of shingle; for

The bombardment of Mogadore is one of the
leading operations of the maritime campaign, which
was foreseen and projected from the moment that
hostilities became inevitable ; and in this respect it is
less calculated to call forth our animadversion than
the attack on Tangiers. Indeed, although no very
detailed account can yet have reached us of the pre-
cise mode of operations adopted against this place by
the French squadron, we are enabled to form a toler-
able conjecture as to the nature of the attack, by our
knowledge of the preparations made by the order of
the French Government for this very purpose. The
port of Mogadore is known to be too shallow to admit
of the close approach of ships of the line within such a
distance as to effect the destruction of the fortifica-
tions. With a view to this circumstance some light
vessels, called brie canonieres, carrying four guns, were
prepared some time ago in one of the principal French
arsenal:., ar;d ordered topin the squadron. These gun-
boats were to be placed undeethe comPl4nd of an officer
well known for his services on the coast of Africa, the
late Governor of Senegal, who probably supplied the
French Government with the requisite information as
to the state of the harbour of Mogadore. If these
facts are accurate, as we believe they will turn out to
be, it is probable that the bombardment was com-
menced by the gunboats, and that under the shelter
of their fire a landing was effected on an island
situated at the mouth of the harbour, from which it
became practicable to bring a heavier battering train
to bear upon the city. The nature of this mode of
attack will also explain the very considerable loss of
men which Appears to have attended the action. We
must, however, wait for further particulars before the
accuracy of this supposition can be ascertained.
Several circumstances connected with Mogadore
and our own relations with the Empire of Morocco
tend to heighten the anxiety with which we await the
arrival of further intelligence. That port is by far
the most important place of trade in the empire, and
we might almost add on the whole coast of Africa,
for since the French occupation of Algeria the cara-
vans from the interior of the country, as well as the
merchants of Morocco, are principally supplied with
British commodities through Mogadore. The total
and fierce devastation of such a city—not only of the
fortifications, but of the city ; the occupation of an
island in the harbour, in which a French garrison
has been placed ; the establishment of a blockade;
and the possible, if not probable, destruction of
British property by the bombardment, are events
which can hardly fail to increase the danger which
already beset, to no small amount, the maintenance
of our pacific relations with France ; and, although
we refrain from expressing a peremptory opinion on
a case which is only certainly known to us at present
through the imperfect medium of a telegraphic dis-
patch, there is certainly enough known already to call
forth the utmost vigilance on the part of the Queen
of England's Government.
As it is, however, most important not to allow this
reasonable anxiety to degenerate into excessive
apprehension, it is well to bear in mind the analogy
which certainly exists between these operations of
the French and our own recent proceedings in the
war with China. We assume that the object of the
two Governments in both wars was the same, namely,
not the acquisition of territory, but to compel a bar-
barous Court, ill acquainted with the real strength of
the enemy it affected to defy, to accede to certain
conditions calculated to give peace and security to the
future relations of the two countries • to this we
added, which the French do not on this occasion, a'
specific claim of indemnity, and the occupation of an
island. The mode of enforcing compliance with these
demands of ours was by attacks or contributions
levied on the maritime towns, and eventually be the
invasion of the principal river of the empire. With
some allowances for circumstances peculiar to China,
and for the interest other European States have in
Morocco, the cases are not so dissimilar as to allow
us to express any very lively surprise or irritation at
a conduct on the part of France so like that which we
should probably have held under similar circum-
stances. Most earnestly do we hope that this parallel
will not end in the work of violence and the opera-
tions of war; that the same liberal and temperate
spirit which dictated the conditions of the British
treaty with China will prevail in the future adjust-
ment of the quarrel between France and Morocco ;
and that the Sovereign of that country may not be
driven by his own obstinacy or other causes to pro-
long this disastrous and unequal contest. In the
meantime, the next few days will probably clear up
the facts, and determine the course of policy, both
with regard to Morocco and Otaheite, on which the
peace of the world depends ; and we have reason to
believe that, if the balance drops to the side of war,
the present French Ministry will retire from the
direction of the Government, overpowered not by the
Opposition, but by a crisis in affairs they have
anxiously laboured to avert.

THE NON-IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT.
The passing of such a remarkable Bill
Has furnished a subyct for many a quill
some regard such an Act as a national boon,
Which is certain to bring about good, very soon;
And others are quite disappointed P. learn,
'1 hat the statute for debtors has taken this turn.
With regard to ourselves, we shall never egret,
For, to tell you the truth, we are deeply in debt;
Yes, yes, an amount most enormous we owe
And, but for this Act, we to prison must go.
In fact, we can scarcely tell what would be done
With mighty in olvents like MOSES and SON.
The reader, no doubt, w.ll be struck when he hears
That MOSES and SoN are so much in arrears.
But let us explain. The amount that we owe
Has nothing to do with our capital no.
'Tis " gratitude's debt" which we thus have contracted,
Through the liberal manner the public have acted.
A vast " debt of thanks" is the " debt" that we owe,
For favours which millions of patrons bestow.
Anil this is a " debt" which we never can pay—
But mark ! 'We will do all we can to deftly.
And if this is effected, whet more can be done,
By honest insolvents like MOSES and SON?
For the convenience of parties residing from town, on application,
directions for self-measurement will be forwarded post free.
READY MADE. s. d.
Shooting Coats in every variety.,.....
Velveteen ditto, seven pockets
Tweed raglionts 0 8 6
Ditto, ditto, with silk facings, collars, and cuffs
Cashmarette coats in every shape, handsomely trimmed 1 10 0
An immense stock of Blouses .....«...... 0 6
Summer vests
Cashmere and Persian ditto, in every variety 3s. to 8 6
Black satin vests
Ditto, cloth ditto
Cloth trousers
Single milled doe
A great variety of summer ditto
Dress Coat, edged: 1 • I
Frock ditto, ditto;.. ......

(From the Morning Advertiser.)
The battle of Islet and the bombardment of Moga-
dore have now to be added to the record of French
progress in Mauritania. Neither has the Admiral of
the Gallic fleet been restrained, as he was at Tan-
giers, from the fact of occupation, but has literally
proceeded to the point of taking possession of the
port of Mogadore, as well as of an island opposite,
and of establishing on the latter a garrison, suited of
course to the demands of strength made upon it. On
the receipt of this intelligence the French funds fell.
No wonder they did. This is the matter which makes
a call—a fresh and imperative one—upon the attention
of this country. The Morocco question may now be
said to have assumed an aspect in which everything
like the solid interests of Great Britain in the Medi-
terranean must take alarm. It will be inadmissible
to argue that by the formal occupation of a certain
portion of Morocco territory, France has only done
that which, under the circumstances, was natural and
proper for her to do. It will be senseless to assume
that occupy where she conquers she must, if it were
only for the sake of bringing the differences between
herself and Abderrahman to a termination. When a
post is occupied by an enemy, when is it to be relin-
quished ? The end of war may not be the
surrender of parts of soil taken in war. A
reason may be found for retention, precisely as
well as for a first annexation. France may de-
mand the securities of an undisturbed peace ; and
just as easily as she has taken the island off Moga-
dore, may insist upon the necessity of its remaining
hers. Under these facts, what is England to do ? It
has been said, touch Morocco, the merest point of it,
to the effect of occupation, and the amicable relations
between France and England are at an end. Now
France has touched the 'Morocco territory. She has
raised her banner on a portion of it. She has taken
possession of a port on the coast mostimportant—
most imminent to British interests. This is the limit
the question has reached to-day. Now, what step is
England to take in it? What course does Lord
Aberdeen propose for himself? Remain passive ;
wait, still; we suppose. But remain passive—wait
on still idle spectators, for what ? Does Lord Aber-
deen know ? Can he tell this country, for what pur-
pose ? That France may extend the line of her
occupation. That M. Marshal Bugeaud on land, and
Admiral M. de Joinville afloat, may let the world
see what she can do, only if Great Britain will
remain quiet. But will this meet the expec

MADE TO MEASURE.
Sporting Coats In the most approved style
Velveteen ditto, ditto, seven pockets 1 3 0
Tweed coats, trimmed with silk 0 16 6
cashmere, fine Saxony 1 3 0
Cashmarette, New and improved article, warranted water
proof, trimmed with silk, collar, cuff's, &c.......... .............
Quilting vests, 7s. each, or three for
Cashmere vests, in choice patterns
Trousers, adapted for the season
Milled Victoria, and plain doe
Best quality West of England 1 S I
Super Black
Best Dress
Dress Coat
Ditto, ditto, best manufactured.
Frork Coat
Best manufactured 3 3 0

Mourning to any extent can be had at five minutes' notice, at the
following prices
Men's Suits, dress coat, vest, and trousers from 1 16 0
Boys' ditto, jacket, vest, and trousers from 0 18 0
IMPORT ANT.— Any article purchased or ordered, if not approved
of ,exchanged, or the money returned.
Observe—E. MOSES and SON, Tailors Wholesale and Retail
Woolen Drapers, Outfitters, and General Tailors,
ousemen, 154, 1111-
nories. and PA, Aldgate,City, opposite the Church.
Catnem—E. Moses and Son are obliged to guard th "public
against imposition, having learned that the untradesmanlike
falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern,
has oeen resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons.
They have no counexign whatever with any other establishment,
and those %via() desire gelatin, Cheap Clothing should (to prevent
disappo•nimeat, &c,'call or send to, 154, Minories, or St, Aldgate,
Opposite the Church.
N.B. .N o busineis transacted at this Establishment from sunset on
Friday till sunset on Saturday, when business iss resumed till twelve
'clock.
Cashiers wanted. No premium required.

EXTENSIVE ROBBERY AT THE ROYAL ARSENAL,
WOOLWICH.—During the last few days the authorities at
the Royal Arsenal, at Woolwich, have discovered that an
extensive system of plunder has been carried on in that
stab!ishmen t. It is known that nineteen brass guns, o
the average weight of about 22 cwt., and of considerable
value, have been abstracted from the works, and under
such circumstances as will, in all probability, involve a
great number of persons connected with that extensive
military establishment. On Wednesday last Sir J. Vt ebb,
K.C.8., and Captain Fead, R.N., two of the county ma-
gistrates, sat for the purpose of inquiring into the cir-
cumstances, when, after a long deliberation, they re-
ferred the matter to Mr. J. Watts, the High Constable
of Woolwich, and Samuel Watts, a most indefatigable
parochial officer. We understand that the police have
in their custody two iniividitals in reference to this
matter.

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION,' at ONE CHARGE,

no other sort of ballast was then used at the time when
the Edgar was fitted out. It now seemed almost cer-
nbtaneintroetnthhiaoetvgtehduentsiwiiuhsole of the remaining woodwork would
t season el a
32-pounder,
ho2en-
p; evening
ub nu dt doubtser
of that e
discoveredr
day,
a 3 entertained
,b,y when,
at
the last slack tidne
sweep-
ing, was sent up by private Herbert, of the East India
Company's service. This gun was found at the dis-
tance of about 80 fathoms to the northward of the
position of the hull of the wreck, over which the
lighters are moored, and only twenty fathoms south
of the Success frigate hulk, and, as other
guns had previously been found twenty fathoms
south of the lighters, it follows that the explosion
of the magazines of the Edgar had scattered the
of that ill-fated vessel to the distance of 100
fathoms from each other. The cause of this explosion
is as much a secret as the so-called invisible shell by
which Captain Warner recently destro-ed the John
o'Gaunt off Brighton; but the fact of the Edgar's
guns being thrown to such unexpected distances by
the force of gunpowder, which is not to be despised,
renders it possible, that by extending the sphere of
action of the boats employed in sweeping, most, if not
all of the missing guns, may be discovered in the
course of the season. The number of those now re-
maining at the bottom is nineteen whole guns, and
three small fragments of guns broken to pieces by the
explosion of the ma azines ; ,rertainly not by any of
t9CiabnAllit r_tbieutenann3arlow,
to separate ;the parts of the reek. The removal of
the lighters from their moorings being exceedingly
troublesome and inconvenient, they have remained in
the same position over the hull of the Edgar ever
since it was discovered, whilst a launch has been de-
tached to a distance with a diving apparatus to search
for guns, which, if found, are got up by means of the
masthead tackle of the Drake sailing lighter. In
sweeping for guns and wreck a great number of
sinkers, or large stones, by which the wreck
buoys were moored, have been discovered,
and sent up from time to time by the divers,
at considerable distances from each other, and even
from the wreck ; for one of them, with a chain and
the skeleton of a buoy attached to it, was found at the
distance of 50 fathoms to the north-east of the spot
where the remains of the hull—that part of the wreck
which was most dangerous to ships' anchors—were
situated. A number of small anchors has also been
sent up by the divers, probably belonging to fishing•
boats that have become entangled from time to time
in the remains of the Edgar, owing to the inaccurate
position of the wreck buoys. The Edgar must have
sunk with her head to the eastward; because her rud-
der, which is now on board the Success, nearly per-
fect, was found to the westward of the wreck of the
hull. In former years it had been proved that divers
could make each other hear at the bottom, by speak-
ing very loud ; but not so as to hold a conversation
conveniently. This year, it was found that writing
might be distinctly read at the bottom ; for a mes-
sage on a piece of parchment, sent down by Lieute-
nant Barlow on deck to Lieutenant Fairholme, below
was read, and an appropriate reply in writing on the
same piece of parchment was sent up by the latter,
who was provided with a pencil. It was found, after-
wards, that very small print may be read distinctly
at the bottom, but pencil-marks, made on common
paper or on a card, become obliterated.