The Sun.
London, England, 1850-01-19 00:00:00

,
N° 17 885.] LONDON S ITURDA
• , - Re
rty.4l t
412 N 12-4
_
; 9 JANUARY 19 1850.

CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF MR. AINSWORTH'S WORKS.
Just publishad,
CRICHTON. Complete in one volume, price Ir.
boards, or Is. 6cl. cloth.
Now ready, ItOOKWOOI). Complete, price Is. boards, or Is. GI
cloth.

Also, 'WINDSOR CASTLE. Complete, price Is. boards, or Is. Gd,
cloth.

London : Chapman and Hall, 186, Strand.
Fo:a by all Booksellers and Newsmen, and at all Railway

Stations.

3IAUNDER'S POPULAR TREASURIES,

New Editions, corrected and enlarged, price 10i, each work, fcp. Sr°

cloth ; or 125., Lonna in embossed roan,
THE HISTORICAL TREASURY : an Out-
line of Universal History; separate Histories of every Na-
tion. 10s.
THE BIOGRAPHICAL TREASURY : comrrising above 12,000
Memoirs. les.

THE TREASURY of NATURAL HISTORY ; or, Popular Dic-
tionary of Animated Nature. 900 Woodcuts. 10s.
THE SCIENTIFIC and LITERARY TREASURY: a Copious
Popular Ency,:lopredia. 103.
THE TREASURY of .KNOWLEDGE, and Library of Refer-
ence : a Compendium of Universal Knowledge. 10s.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION, REGENT-STREET.

The First of a Series of Illustrated Lectures, by Dr. Eachhoffner,
)n the Philosophy of Scientific Recreation, daily at Two o'clock, and
In the Evenings, at Eight.—An entirely new Set of Dissolving
Views of London in the Sixteenth Century, and as it now is, with
a Descriptive Lecture, daily, at Half-past Four, and in the Even-
ings at a Quarter to Ten.—The Views of Rouse, including new
Views of the Interior and Exterior of St. Peter's, with Dioramic ef-
fects, arc shown daily, at One o'clock.—Lectures on Chemistry, with
brilliant experiments, by Mr. Ashley.—Experiments with the Diver
and Diving-bell.—New Exhibition of Chromatropes.—Tho Ma-
chinery, Mcdels, explained.

Admission. Is —Schools. Half-price.

THE NOVELTY most recently introduced by
MESSES. NICOLL is called NICOLL'S PATENT EIDER
DOWN PALETOT, such novelty consisting,' In the adaptation of
Eider Down in the formation of NICOLL'S PALETOT, the original
elegance and utility of which is, however, faithfully preserved.
Eiders are fonnd in great numbers in Iceland and the Fern
Islands, where their beautiful and delicate down is well known to bt
proof against the most severe cold, and even the small quantit3
which can be compressed and concealed between the two hands, will
serve in the formation of a Paletk, which, while it has most extra•
ordinary lightness, has, nevertheless, more warmth titan the finest
and thickest blanket, the great desideratum for a winter garment
being thus accomplished, namely, personal warmth without fatigue.
Public inspection is invited at MESSRS. NICOLL'S wholesale and
retail warerooms,

4, 116, and IV, REGENT•STREET, and 22, CORNIIILL

Lon,Ton.

THE COUNTRY MARKETS.

WAKEFIELD, JAN. 18.—The arrivals are Ilrge. The
trade in wheat is languid at a decline of is per quarter.
Buyers act with great reserve, and the demand not near
commnturate with the suprly. Barley is is per quarter
lower, and common qualities difficult t move. Oats and
shelling, are dull at late pricer. In beans or other arti-
c:es no change.

New.

WHEAT, per qr. 601bs per bushel:— a. S.
Suffolk, Essex, and Kent, red ... 40 to 43
Ditto, white 46 51
Norfolk and Hunts., red ... ... 29 —4l
Ditto, white 43 46
Lincolnshire and Cambridge, red ... 37 40
Ditto, white ... ... 42 45
Yorkshire, red .., 37 40
Ditto, white .. 42 45
Dantzic and Konigsburg, white .. 43 47
Lowerßaltic and Hamburgh, red... 39 42
Mediterranean, red.... 34 37
BARLEY, per quarter of 8 bushels:—
Norfolk and Suffolk... 28 30
Lincolnshire and Yorkshire .. 24 27
Scotch ... ...
Grinding per 80 stone ... ... 20 —22
Foreign ... ... 23 25
BEANS, per quarter of 8 bushels 631 b :
Small, fine ... 27 29 28
Ticks ... 26 27 28
Foreign ... 25 27 26
OATS, per stone :
Mealing • ...
Feeding ... „.
Foreign
SHELLING, per load of 261
MALT, per load of 6 imperia
PEAS, per Imperial Quarter
Blue and white boilers
Grey and Feed

Old.
S. S.
to 45

... 9d to 10d 8d to
... 8d to 9d 8d to
—d to —d 8d to
lib ... 22 23 21
I bushels 34

AARI
Qrs.
Wheat ... ... ... 16,498
Barley ... ... 4 901
Oats ... ... ... ... 1,600
Beans... ... 993
Peas ... ... 261
Tares

28 - 30
25 - 27 26

VALS.

- 30
- E 0
- 29

Qrs.

Rapeseed ... ... ...
Shelling
Linseed
Malt
Flour

••• ... ... 7C6

LIVERPOOL, JAN. 18.—The transactions at our Corn
Exchango this morning were on a limited scale. Prices
of wheat and flour were without change, but there
seemed as little desire on the part of holders to press
sales of eit,,er article as there was indisposition on the
dealers' side to add to their stocks. A similar rema-k
will apply to all other articles of the trade ; and, as
regards Indian corn, it was held with increased firmness,
and very full rates were realised.
NEWBURY, JAN. 17.—Our supply of wheat tc-jay is
good, and principally of fine quality. The demand for
flour, both in London and westward, being extremely
dull, had a very depressing effect upon our market; and
some quantity remains unsold. Barley, with a moderate
supply, is a very draggling trade, and late rates were
barely supported. Beans, peas, and oats, although a
short supply, were difficult to quit at rather reduce!
rates.

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, JAN. 18.—The amount
of business reported this week is not large ; the supply
at the markt t being very indifferent, net prices must he
quoted again 6d per cwt. higher, particularly for fine
grocery &rite Rum is looking up, but there is very little
on offer.—Bristol Mercury.
EXETER, JAN. 18.—Cattle Market—The supply Wai
but small, with but few dealers. Prices ruled much
about the same as last week. Very prime Letf marle 9s
per score; beef of good quality, 8s 3d to 81 9d, and in-
ferior ditto, 8s per score; barreners were worth 5s per
score, and soma very f.-esh onus made about 53 Gd.
Cows and calves, 7/ 103 to 13/each; butchers' calves, 53d
to 6.1 per lb. The supply of sheep was was also small,
large fit wethers 5d ti 5P per lb; small ditto, sp;
ewes, 5d per Ib, Pork Carcases—The supply was email,
with but little difference between the prices of tc-day and
last week, Large coarse pork, 6s 3d to Gs 6d per score;
prime medium sized ditto, 63 6d to 7s 3d; and the best
small and dairy fed pork, from the letter figure up to
7s 9d per score. Pannier—Geese, 4s Gd to 6s each;
turkeys, 5s 6d to 8s ditto; ducks, 4s to 5s 6d per couple;
fowls, 2s 9d to 4s ditto; woodcocks, 4s to 4s 6d ditto;
wild ducks, 4s to Si ditto; widgeons, 4s ditto; teal,
2s 6d ditto; barer, 2s 6d to 33 each; butter, is to Is 2d
par lb; eggs, 12 for is. Corn Exchange—One o'Clock
—Up to this hour business has been very dull, and the
attendance of millers and factors much smaller than
usual. The ruling figure for the best warranted English
wheat is 53 per bushel, although in some instances a
t more has bren given, ray 53 3il as the very tep
price. Much surprise and disappointment was expressed
by the growers at the unexpe2tid stagnancy in Mark-
lane on Monday, as a rise was confidently anticipated
by all parties. Under these circumstances millers were
only buying for immediate consumption. We heard of
no transactions of foreign wheat. Malting barley is
worth from 3s to 3s 2d or 3s 3d per bushel; oats,
Is 10d to 2s 2d per bushel; fine flour, 28s t) 30s per
sack; but the latter must be considered as merely no-
minal.

KNARESIVIROUGII, JAN. 16.—Wheat, 5s 3d to 5s 93;
beans, 4s 63 to 5s 3d per bushel; barley, 24s to 28s;
oats, 15s to 20a per quarter.
Errox, JAN. 17.—White wheat, 4s 9d to 5s 33,
red do 4s 3d to 5s Od; beans, 4s Od to 4s 6d per bushel;
barley 23s to 26s ; oats 14s Od to 21s per quarter.
WETHERBY, JAN. 17.—White wheat 16s 03 to 17s 6d,
red ditto 14s Od to 15i 6d; barley 24s to 275; beans
10s 6d to 13s 6d; oats, 83 to 91d.
SCARBOROUGH, JAN. 17.—Red wheat 4s 63 to 5s Od, old
ditto 5s 33 to 5s 93 per 5 stones; white oats Sd to B:id,
black ditto lid to 83 per stone; malting barley 21s to 235,
grinding barley 19s to 21s per quarter of 32 stones; super-
fine flour 35s to 365, seconds ditto 29s to 30s per sack of
20 stones.

LLANRWST, JAN. 15.—There was a large quantity
of grain brought Crward to this day's market, but the
demand was not so great as on this day week, neither
were the prices obtained fully equal. Wheat from
12s 6d to 14s ; barley, 7s Gd to 83 per hobbet; butter,
fresh, 9d to 10d per pound.
Blum, JAN. 15.—We continue to have a good at-
tend ince of millers and dealers. Supplies of grain from
the farmers were large of all description,. A heavy
sale was experienced, and the quotations cf wheat must
be noted 6d per hobbet below this day se'nnigbt. Bar-
ley was also Gd per hobbet lower, but the business done
was very limited. There was a good trade done in oats,
but no alteration in price. Peas and Leans remiin with-
out any quotable alteration.

THE NEW RUSSIAN LOAN.

GREAT MEETING AT THE LONDON TAVERN.
(Continued from our Afternoon Edition cf yesterday.)
Mr. COBDEN then stood forward to address the
meeting, and was received with vociferous cheering,
which lasted for some moments. When order had
been restored he spoke as follows:—Gentlemen, I
have the honour to propose to you the first resolution,
which I will read :
" That the Government of Russia having proposed to
in this country a loan of rive millions and a halt
sterling, pr. fessecily far the purpose of completing a
rr.ilrot from St. Petershurgh ti Moscow, but
really to refleni.h the impsrial exchequer, exhausted
by the expenses tf the war in Hungary, this
'netting is of opinion that to lend money to the Emperor
of Russia for such an object would virtually be to sanc-
tion the deeds of violence and blood committed by him
in Hungary, and to furnish him with the temptation and
tee tot ans tor carrying on future schemes of aggression
and conquest."
—(Cheers.) I congratulate the Peace Society and the
friends of peace in this country, that the Emperor of
Russia has been obliged--unconsciously we must, as
a matter of courtesy, suppose—to affix his name to a
document which is not true, in order to obtain a loan
of five millions and a half in this country. I say the
document which is signed by the Emperor of Russia
contains an untruth—(Rear,
hear)—and I know it
to be untrue, and it is known to everybody at St.
Petersburgh to be untrue.—(Cheers.) But I accept
that untruth as the highest tribute that could be pos-
sibly paid to the moral poweaset-of the Peace party- in
this country.—(Cheers, and some disturbance occa-
sioned by the crowded state of the room.) I was
saying that the pretence put forth by the Emperor
of Russia, that he wants this money to complete a
railroadfrom Moscow to St. Pe.tershurgh, is unfounded
in truth. I was in St. 'Petersburgh two years ago;
at that time the rolling stock of that railway was all
finished; one hundred locomotives were ready; I
travelled with them on that part of the line. Thou-
sands of. waggons and carriages were ready, and I am
told the iron is on the ground and paid for. It is
the embankment that is not finished ; and looking at
the martial disposition of the Emperor, and to his
having so little regard to the social interests of the
people of his country, I don't think the railroad will
be completed for ten years to come.—(l'ear, hear.)
He will spend his money like a great overgrown
colossal baby on his soldiers rather than on those
substantial iinprovements which could really . alone
add to the power, the happiness, and the_civilization
of his country.—(Cheers.) But why need I argue
this matter ? Nobody believes the money is wanted
for a railroad. Everybody assumes the contrary but
the Russians. But I will convict them from their
own ukases. They want the money in six months.
Who ever heard of five million sterling being wanted
for a railroad in six months ?—(Loud cheers) Some
of you here, unhappily, have had experience in rail-
way calls.—(Laughter.) But did you ever know
them come from any board cf directors so thick and
fast as they come_ from the Emperor of Russia ?
(Laughter.) 201. must be paid two days after the
allotment ; 10/. must be paid on the 15th cf
March, 10/. on the 15th of April, 101. on the 15th
of May, 101. on the 15th of June, and the remainder
on the 15th of July next—(Laughter.) Railway calls
for one railway at the rate of nearly a million a
month ! And, mind you, in a country where up to
March no work can be done on an embankment—
(Cheers)—and consequently this money is wanted for
the purpose of being expended in an embankment
in the months of April, May, June, "and July. Oh,
I pity the mendicant Czar, who is obliged to come to
U 3 with such a story.—(Cheers.) Is it not humi-
liating ? (Renewed cheers.) And .then, after putting
forward this pretence, that the money is wanted
for a railroad, after beginning his Imperial
ukase, by saying it was not the truth—l presume
he did not know it—(Laughter)—he winds up at last,
as if doubting he would not be believed, by promising
us five per cent , and that the accounts of the sums
derived from this loan, and to he applied to this
line of railroad, will be kept as formerly
from all other state revenues and expenditure.—
(Laughter.) Why, he wants if possible to open a
door for even the most scrupulous of Quakers to sub-
scribe to his loan.—(Laughter.) It was not only
not wanted for war, but it was entirely to con-
struct a railroad ; and in proof that it was wanted for
a railroad he will render accounts.—(Laughter.) I
can only say it is what he never did before.—(Re-
newed laughter.) I have been subjected to the re-
iterated charge that _I am not consistent with
my principles of free trade when I come here
to denounce this loan. It is said to me, "We want
you to allow us to lend our money in the dearest
market and borrow it in the cheapest; why should
we not have free trade in money ?" I have no ob-
jection to people wasting their money if they like ;
but I claim the right as a Free-trader in this country
to meet in a public assembly like this, and try and
warn the unwary from. being deceived by those money-
mongers in the city of London, who will try to palm
on us their bad security if they can.—(Cheers.) I
am not going to attempt to coerce or dictate to them;
we have done our duty in giving our advice, and
probably by and by those who do not follow that
advice now will vesli they had done so. That is their
business, and not mine. It has been asked me this
morning by a leading journal, whether I oppose
this loan on the ground of its immorality or on the
ground of its being unsafe ? Why, I answer, on
both grounds.—(Loud cheers.) In my opinion what-
soever is immoral is unsafe.—
(Renewed cheers.) But
apart altogether from its inherent immorality and
insecurity, I stand here as a citizen of
this country and of the World to denounce
the whole character of this transaction as being
injurious to the best interests of society.—(Cheers.)
Now, I will take first of all the politico economic
view of the question, for it has been supposed that
grounds
n stating that Adam Smith, and
on this question I am particularly weak in that di-
rection.—(Laughter.)gt
Now, I stand on one of the
t ro
all the great political economists, are against the
very principle of these loans. What is this
money wanted for ? It is to be wasted,
s s
it is to go to pay the expense of maintaining a stand-
ing army, or the expenses of the atrocious war in
Ilungary.—(Groans.) This sum is so much capital
abstracted from England and handed over to an-
other country to be wasted, thereby abstracting
from this country the means by which its own
population are to be employed, and by which
they live. I say that every loan to be
granted by this country to a foreign government to
be expended in keeping up armaments, or carrying on
wars with other countries, that is as mach capital
wasted or destroyed, for all the purposes of repro-
duction, as if the money was carried out into
the middle of the Atlantic and sunk in the
ocean.—(Loud cheers.) I make no distinction
whether the interest be fair or net; for if the interest
be paid on this loan by the Emperor of 'tussle, it is
not paid out of the pockets Of the party to whom it is
lent, it is not paid by the capital 'itself being invested
in reproductive employment, ,but it is extracted from
the wretchedness, the labour and the industry of his
population for the interest of capital which has not
only not been employed reproductively, but in ob-
structing industry, in devastating fair and fertile
lasids, and in depressing freedom, which is the great
source of wealth.—(Loud and long-continued cheers.)
I say I stand here as a political economist, and I de-
nounce every such transaction as being injurious to
the interests of every dais in this country, injurious
alike to the highest and to the lowest, for it stops
employment, impedes industry, and draws away
from this country the very source cf profitable la-
bour; and therefore it must injure everybody, more
or less, in this country, 'from the Government itself
down to the humblest mechanic or farm-labourer.—
(Cheers.) But I stand here also to denounce
this

loan as a politician, as a member
of society, and as a tax payer.—(Hear, hear.) For
what is the object of this loan ? It is to enable the
Emperor of Russia to maintain an enormous standing
army ; and what is the consequence
hear.)
nce?Why, that
everycountry
armamentin E
uroi
bpoa obliged to keep up an
enormous .
-(Hear,
What is
the statement of France ? Why they are obliged
to keep 500,000 armed men because Russia keeps
800,000; and we area here in England accustomed to
cite the hostile position of Russia as a reason why we
keep our enormous fleet. I should not be surprised
if, in the very next session, when I bring forward a
motion asking to reduce our armament, if you find,
what I have before found, the very example of the
Russian fleet cited why we cannot reduce our
navy. What has been the recent position of
Russia towards this country ? Have we not
had our fleets stationed in the Mediter-
ranean at an enormous expense to this country ?
Have we not had a fleet sailing in the Dardanelles, in
consequence of the talk of an offensive engagement of
Russia against Turkey? Bat it is the acknowledged
policy of this country to endeavour to defend
Turkey against all foreign powers. There is no
foreign power that menaces the integrity of Turkey
but Russia; and the common talk everywhere nowtis
that in the very next spring Russia meditates an hos-
tile attack on Turkey on the Danube. You will then
,have to defend Turkey against Russia ; and
you will be fighting Russia, who will

be fighting you with the moneys borrowed froni this
country.—(Cheers.) We read in the history of
Holland, that on one occasion, when a town was
bombarded, its merchants sold saltpetre to the enemy
to manufacture gunpowder with, to be used against
themselves. I don't stand up for such a
transaction ; but it may be that England
may not stand better in the page of his-
tory in 1850 when it is found ready and willing
to endorse the desperate wickedness of Russia by
lending her the means of continuing her career of
violence which she has hitherto maintained. I
say, therefore, that, apart from the abstract morality,
I, as a tax-payer and a politician, with the
rest of you, have a right to meet and protest against
a transaction like this from whatever quarter it may
come. But I denounce the morality cf this loan. We
have a snug doctrine half hinted, half expressed, and
not very confidently asserted ; but we have
heard that doctrine broached that you must
not question what a man does with his own.—
(Laughter.) You must only ask how much per
cent. you can get; if you can get 51. per cent. in--
stead of four that is quite sufficient to sanctify the
transaction.—(Laughter.) That is the doctrine I
hear put fs.ath in the. name of the citizens of London.
I can only say the Emperor of Russia has given them
credit for a much higher standard of morality than
they possess. He was afraid to come before them and
avow what he wanted the money for. He was advised
by his counsel to tell a fib—(Laughter)--to allow the
citizens of London to swallow the gilded pill, when he
stated that money was wanted for a railroad.--
(Laughter.) Now, what is the money wanted for ?
Simply and solely to make up the arrear caused by
the Hungarian war.—(Hear, hear.) lam not
much in the habit of - boasting at public
meetings, but if I were a boaster, I should
exult on this occasion that the assertion
I made in this room in June or July last, and which
was subjected to so much sarcasm from friends and
from foes—l say I should feel some, exultation,
at all events, that this poverty stricken Czar
has been obliged to come, and most re-
luctantly, to verify every word I said. Now,
what becomes of the two millions that we were told
the Emperor of Russia was going to advance to the
Austrians ? Now what becomes of the 500,0001.
which he was going to advance to the Pope ?
(Laughter.) Where is that half million which he
was generously to bestow on the Grand Duke of
Tuscany ? He ought to pay his scribes well in
Western Europe to tell such lies for him, seeing

,hat they are subject to this rough refutation of a,

they say- in his behalf at the hand; of the'poor Czar
himself.---(Loud cheers and a cry of" The Times," and
" IVill any gentleman produce and burn it ?") HI had
been employed to write up to wealth and power the
man who, six months afterwards, was obliged to come
before the citizens of London and sign his name to
such a humiliating document as that ukase, I
should feel I had been hardly used, and I should
expect to be exceedingly well paid for the lies
I had told.—(Cheers.) I stand here to uttersthe very
words I have twice used on this platform, that the
Russati Government in matters of finance .for years
has been the most gigantic political imposture in
Europe.—(Cheers.) That is the word I used before,
and I wed it as Ido every word I use in public,
advisedly and with due reflection, and I
come here to repeat it.—(Cheers.) What was -
this money wanted for ? For the purposes of the
vile ambition and bloody designs of a man who has
the will and all the tastes of Peter the Great wrapped
up in all the livery of Louis the Fourteenth,
but without the genius of the one or the
wealth of the other (Loud cheers)—
and who wants to play a part in Europe,
forgetting he is in the middle of the nineteenth cen-
tury instead of the seventeenth, and utterly wanting
not merely the appreciation of what can enable him
to play a part in history now, but wanting also the
means to pursue the tastes he possesses.—(Cheers.)
What is the object of the loan ? To make up the
deficiencies and to pay the debts incurred by the
Emperor of Russia in his wanton attack and outrages
upon the liberties of klungary.=---(Hear.) I said before
here that the expenses of that oppressive war have not
been paid. I will tell you why they were not. The
Russian army was moved from the interior of the
country to the borders of Hungary ; but owing to the
Government -of i!Russia not having any money in
its military chest, they had not the means of
paying for the transit of their army
from St. Petersburgh to the confines of Hungary.
How did the Government manage to effect their pur-
pose P The Government sent out directions to the
farmers and 'landlords along the whole line of
march, ordering them to deposit at certain places
of the route certain quantities of provisions and
other things necessary for the forage of the
troops. Upon a given day the parties were to repair
to the Treasury at Cronstadt, where on satisfactory
proof being given that they had supplied the com-
modities, they would receive Treasury receipts
in exchange, which were to be made avail-
able for the payment of taxes. A t the
appointed time these receipts came in—they had been
anticipated before the arrival of the tax-day—and as
the Government had not the necessary means for car-
rying on the affairs of the country it issued 3,000,0001.
of Treasury notes, accompanied by an ukase avowing
that these notes were issued for the payment of the
expenses of the Hungarian war. Now, gentlemen, you
will at once see the character of the proceedings of
Russia, and how they were brought about. They
obtained provisions for the troops dispatched to crash
the liberties of Hungary from the agriculturists
in the course of their march, depending upon raising
sufficient money to enable them to discharge their
claims as well as all otliere incidental to that disgrace-
ful war. And they have come to England for a loan
—(llear)—and I say that this money now about to
be raised in London is so much money used for cutting
the throats of those unoffending men in Hungary,
for the dcvastetion of villages, and for the outraging
of women.—(Hear, hear.) Aye, and as much so
as though the money were lent before ever
a soldier marched into Hungary. And I say
in the case of Russia, as I formerly said from
this platfbrm with respect to Austria, that it matters
not whether the money is obtained a little after or
not. The operations in the case of Hungary were
based upon calculations as to the amount of money that
thus may be had on loan in England.—(Hear, hear.)
They calculate in such proceedings upon the future,
and therefore I say it is by the aid of English capital
that these barbarous cruelties are inflicted. These
are the purposes, and not for those of a railroad, for
which the money is wanted. And are we to be told
that because the money will pay 5 per cent., that

therefore we are not to Inquire into the object for
which the money is lent ? 'Why I can only say, if
the doctrine is to hold good that a man may make the
most profit he can out of his money, there was a
worthy man much injured the other day, who was sen-
tenced to 12 months' imprisonment with hard labour,
for having been the owner of a number of infamous
houses which returned him a profit of 20 per cent.—
(Hea-, hear, and laughter.) I think that man
should console himself on the treadmill that
he is justified by the new code of me-
rals I hear repeatedly advanced in this country.
But, gentlemen, the immorality of such a loan as this
is not the only ground I have to advance, and upon
which I rely tor the means of preventing this money',
frombeing obtained. I think more is to be done by
appealing to the self-interest of persons who may be
dispcsed to take any share in this loan, and of the
risk they run by doing so. Who are they going to
lend it to ? To an irresponsible despot, who never
publishes any account of his income or expenditure.—
(Hear, hear.) You may look through the Gotha
Almanack, which contains the receipts and the expen-
diture of the nations of the continent, but you will
find no mention of the finances of Russia. I did so,
thinking I might find some of the sources of the income
and the nature of the expenditure of Russia, with the
view of becoming better acquainted than I am with
her resources. There is more or less information
with respect to almost every state, but with respect to
Russia we read—" We are altogether unable to
furnish any particulars with respect to the income,
expenditure, and resources of Russia."--(llear, hear.)
Now that sort of investment is considered good by
some gentlemen, because it is 1,000 miles off. Sup-
pose a person came to borrow money, who gave no
report of his means—would he succeed ? (Ne,
no.) How would you like to invest money
in a railway which made no report to the
shareholders? You have your meetings every six
months; you have auditors, and yet, though you ex-
ercise the utmost surveillance over the management of
rail way companies, yet Government audit is de-
manded in addition ; and by a strange inconsistency, of
the gentlemen who are prepared to aiii4the Emperor
of Russia in borrowing money, though he renders no
account at all, one is also an advocate of Government
audit in railways.---(Cheers.) That is my first ob-
jection, that we do not know what is done with the
Money —we know, certainly that it is wasted
in an exterminatir.g war. My next objection
is that you are lending money to a Sovereign whose
throne stands upon the most combustible elements
of any in all Europe. (Hear, hear.) It is
net,, I think, improper when the Em 7
peror of Russia comes and invites the citizens
of London to lend him money to say something of
the condition of-the-Emperor. - He-lithe only Eel.:
peror in the world that rules over white slaves. Lle

has the prowl distinction of ruling over 26,000,000
of male serfs, who are bought and sold with the
land.—(Cries of " Shame !") Well, now, do you
think that a very safe state of society, in
the present age ?—(llear, hear.) Freedom (pro-
ceeded the Hon. Gentlemen) had extended to the
south and to the west—it had extended with such
rapid strides that it had advanced up to the confines
of Russia—and did they think it likely, in these days,
that it would stop short at Russia ?—(l.lear, hear.)
They could not anticipate any other result than that
the serfs of Russia, being men, would prefer freedom
to slavery, and, being ten to one as compared with
their masters, could there be any doubt
that they would do in Russia what had
been done in every country in Europe—
namely, assert their freedom ?—(Hear, hear.) What.
security would they then have for the repayment of
the loan, before:many years had passed away ? There
never existed in any country a body of serfs who did
not achieve their emancipation when other nations were
by means of revolution effecting on a large scale many
important changes. What could they say in such a
case? for they had lent their money to maintain for
a longer time despotism and the overawing of the,
serf. He should say they would repudiate such a loan,
made for such a purpose.—(Loud cheers.) Let them
bear in mind that this system of civilized states
lending money to more barbarous Governments was
the way to perpetuate slavery, and to upheld
tyranny.—(Hear, hear.) By doing so they made
Governments depend upon foreign aid instead of de-
pending upon their people for the supply of the
requisite resources for the government of a state. Let
them go back to the time' of the Plantagenets, when
the people of England were gaining libeyty step by
step. How did the people secure the liberties which
they demanded ? By the necessities and trilearrais-
meats of their King—one King being obliged to
grant the franchise, in order to raise money,
and another, who was obliged to pawn the
jewels in his crown, was compelled to grant certain
rights to the people. In this way were the liberties
of the people wrung from their kings, namely, through
their pecuniary necessities. But if one of their ancient
kings could have borrowed 5,000,000 of money from a
foreign state, as Russia wished, did they think the
liberties of the people would have been given ?1—
(Hear, hear.) Did they think that the masses in
Eastern Europe were ignorant of this; and had they
not a perfect right to ask what right we had to
lend money to an irresponsible despot to perpetuate
their serfdom and slavery. 13itt there was another
difficulty which he wished those who were willing to
lend money to Russia to bear in mind: Though
they there represented public opinion out of
doors, they might not be strong enough to
prevent the actual lending of the money ; but let
them who did so well understand, that . the tax-
payers of this country would be no parties to
the collection of their debts.—(Hear, hear, and
laughter.) Hitherto there had been a sort of
vague notion, that if a foreign Government
failed in paying its debts that the Government was
forced to interfere to enforce payment; but he was
glad to perceive that Lord Palmerston, in some cor-
respondence which had recently taken place,
stated the, though he objected to interfere in
the special case brought betbre him " by force of
arms," yet he reserved to himself the power to do
so in cases that he might think deserving of such an
interference.—(l.l.ear, hear, and cheers.) Moreover
he . wished them to understand, that they heti
sufficient power to prevent them making a
Prime Minister a bumbailiff.—(Laughter.) The
Peace party would be found a powerful obstacle to
such a course, and most assuredly there were men in
that room who would live to see' the time when not
one farthing of this loan would be paid.—(Hear.) In-
deed he believed the universal feeling of the country
would result in the loss of the money—(Loud
cheers)—not from any ill will to the unfortunate
persons who would hold the bonds, but from the belief
that such a retribution would be a righteous one,
and that it might operate as a warning to prevent
similar transactions for the future.—(Hear, hear.) A
change had come over the public mind with respect
to these loans, and nobody now would justify them on
the ground of political economy, consistency;,morality,
and indeed they were indefensible in public opi-
nion.—(Hear, hear.) This had been the work of six
months, whereas they bad but begun their work.—
(Hear, bear.) And when it was once known in foreign
countries that no more loans could be had from England
the interest would cease to be paid—repudiation
would be the order of the day.—(Hear, hear.) II•3
would undertake to show that since 1815 the Go-
vernments of the continent, in the aggregate, had
borrowed more money than they had paid in inte-
rest to their creditors.—(Hear, hear.) In fact, the '
gullible people had been lending money out of one
pocket in order to receive a small portion in interest
out of it into the other.—(Laughter.) The money-
lenders, speculators, and brokers were not, how-
ever, the parties who would suffer in such a
state of things. These parties subscribed to a
loan contracted by a large house, in order that they
might dish ibute it among their customers and
clients, making a profit of it. Indeed, be would ven-
ture to say that not 5 per cent. of the loan would
be subscribed by Monday next by parties who in-
tended to hold the loan as a permanent investment.
After showing that the loan was not by any means
an investment, whereby any man would wish to
provide for his children, the Hon. Gentleman pro-
ceeded to canvass the value ef the loans previously
contracted for by the Messrs. Baring—for instance,
the Spanish, the Grenada, and the Portu-
guese loans. He had constantly letters of
complaint from suffering individuals, who had un-
fortunately invested their money in these and
other loans. Those who investigated the value of such
loans, and pointed it out, did, he believed, society
good service.—(Hear, hear.) All he had previously
stated with respect to Russia had been fully verified.
Tney must, however, take nothing for granted
with respect to Russia, as its Govern-
ment was a systematic fraud and a lying
misrepresentation. The money waiting to be loaned
in this country would be in great part devoted to
promoting the system of espionage that was pursued
by Russia, in bribing employes at Constantinople, and
the press of Germany and of France.—(Several
voices, " And in England. The Times—burn it.")
They could not believe that the press of England was
bribed.—(Renewed cries of the " Times.") To be
sure some of the newspapers had done the work of
despotism right well—(Loud cheers)—and now
they seemed disposed to play the part of
vampires or ghouls. No, they were worse.
No name had yet ben found for that
indescribable monster that preyed upon those who
had fallen from 1( f y places, and were begging their
bread in want. How should he describe the wretches
who were base enough to traduce the characters of these
inee:? He spoke of ghouls and vampires; they preyed
upon the carcases of the material body. They had
no monster akin to the character of him who lived
by destroying the character of a fallen foe —(Pro-
longed cheering.) That was the way the money
would be spent. The Hon.Gentleinan then defended the
Russian people from the charge of being warlike, saying
that such was the dread of the people to join the army
or the navy, that when a man was taken by the con-
scription he left his town in a procession headed by
the priest, es if they were all going to a
funeral, and he mentioned the fact of a man
v ho being declared by the surgeon as unfit to serve,
ran out of the house, where he had been stripped for
examination, in a state of nudity, such was his deliri-
ous joy at being liberated. Neither were they ag-
gressive people. They loved their country, and were
contented to stay in it, and though, like all serfs, they
were petty thieves, and indulged in the vice of
drunkenness, yet they had a great regard for human
life, and crimes of deep dye did not prevail. By re-
fusing loans of this kind they would teach foreign
Governments to promote the welfare of their people
and to govern them through their affections rather
than their fears. He exhorted those who thought of
ievesting their money in this loan to bear in mind
that the family to which the Czar belonged was not a
long-lived one—(Hear, hear)—and that his son
was utterly unfit to cope with the difficulties of the
Government. They would place their money on a
find
volcano, and they might rise one morning and
scene
the
this great empire rent asunder, and
of devastation springing frominfluence of
despotism, cruelty, and oppression. _(The Hon. Gen
realer' concluded a sp ec.ll of
smore than an hour's
duration amidst much applause )
Considerablemerriment
was created at the conclu-
sionch
of Mr. Cobden 's
speech by a burly individual in
the meeting
calling out, " Send the Emperor of Rus-
sia h
and let him see that we
'
have
te Reformers Alnianack,
enough to pay without contributing to his loans."
Mr. J. B. SMITH, M.P. for Stirling Barghs, said
he most cordially united in the expressions contained
in the resolution, which he begged to second. He
entirely agreed in the assertion, that every one who
contributed a portion to the proposed loan shared in
the crime of which it was to be the result.
Mr. MIALL supported the resolution. After the able
speech of. Mr. Cobden, which was so convincing,
because so full of facts, he almost despaired of being
able to gain the attention of the meeting to that
aspect of the subject which was more especially moral.
lie would not cast any unnecessary imputation
upon those classes who negotiated the loan,
and who regarded themselves only as traders