The Sun.
London, England, 1844-02-08 00:00:00

threatening protest of the 16th December treated as so
much waste paper by Rosas, and -it was only when the
news of the invasion being accomplished, and of his
Minister's threats being treated with contempt, reached
Lord Aberdeen, that he was recalled to.a recollection of
the matter. The first impulse was to support Mr. Man-
deville's declaration and coerce Rosas; the second, to see
if the French Government would concur in this. An
immediate communication with that Government fol-
lowed, but M. Guizot declined to meddle; and then it
was that Lord Aberdeen, regardless alike, as it appears
to us, of the reflection upon our national character, by
thus abandoning the ground Mr. Mandeville had insisted
upon with Rosas ; of the fatal consequences which may
ensue from thus bullying a semi-barbarian without car.
rying out our threats; and of the loss and injury which
would be thus inflicted on the British merchants at
Monte Video, who had confided in the assurances of
their Minister, revoked his former instructions to Mr.
Mandeville, left that functionary to back out of his
hostile message of the 16th December in the best way he
could, and sacrificed the British interests at Monte
Video to the maintenance of friendly relations with
Rosa% It is a bitter irony when the deed is done, when
the British merchants have thus been made the victims
of their confidence in their own Government's assurances,
and seen their property confiscated by the ruin of their
debtors in the sweeping destruction of the army of
Rosas, to now have the assurance again made to them
that "British subjects and interests will have all the
protection to which they are so justly entitled by that
neutrality which her Majesty's Goiernment have pro-
posed and enjoined."
It is worse than irony however, it is opposed to the
fact ; for who that reads Mr. Mandeville's letter to
Rosas, of the 16th Dec., will, for one moment hesitate
to put the same interpretation upon it which the Govern-
ment of Monte Video and the British merchants did,
confirmed as this interpretation was by Mr. Mandeville's
verbal assurances to the merchants, and by his official
communication to the Monte Videan Government,
copies of which are forthcoming to prove it—namely,
that Great Britain would cover Rosas, prevent -the
invasion, and save Monte Video. --

We leave Lord Aberdeen in this dilemma; but trust
that he may be required, at an early day in. the pre-
sent session, to reconcile such conduct with hone,ty or
sound policy.
ONE OF THE MONTE VIDEAN MERCHANTS.

(A.)
BUENOS AYRES, DEC. 16, 1842.
In conformity with the instructions which he has re-
ceived from his Government, the intentions of the Go-
vernments of Great Britain and France being to adopt
such measures as may be considered necessary for bring-
ing the hostilities between the Republics of Buenos
Ayres and Monte Video to a close, the undersigned
Minister Plenipotentiary of her Britannic Majesty to the
Argentine Confederation, has the honour to represent
to his Excellency M. Arana, Minister for Foreign
Affairs of the Government of Buenos Ayres, that the
sanguinary warfare at present carried en between the
Governments of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video must
cease, and, for the interests of humanity and of Britih
and French subjects and other foreigners established in
the country which is now the seat of war, he requires of
the Buenos Ayrean Government :

Ist. An immediate cessation of hostilities between the
Argentine troops and those of the Republic of the
Uruguay.
2d. That the troops of the Argentine Confederation
—it being understood that those of the Republic of the
Uruguay shall adopt the same course—shall remain
within their respective territories, and withdraw to them
should they have passed their frontier.
The undersigned begs that his Excellency will ac-
quaint him, as soon as he conveniently can, if the inten-
tions of the Buenos Ayrean Government are to accede
to these two requests, and has the honour, &c., &c.
(Signed) J. 11. MANDEVILLE.
(B.)
FOREIGN OFFICE, JAN. 8, 1844.
GENTLEMEN,—I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen
to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, of the Ist
December last, relative to the lamentable state of
affairs in the Rio de la Plata, and I am to assure you
that her Majesty's Government have given such in-
structions to the British authorities in that quarter as
they believe and trust will insure to British subjects
and interests all the protection to which they are so
justly entitled, in consequence of that neutrality be-
tween the contending parties which her Majesty's
Government have professed and enjoined.—l am, Gen-
tlemen, your most obedient, humble servant,
(Signed) CANNING.
To the Mexican and South Australian Association,
Liverpool.

CULTURE OF LAND FOR WHEAT.
When land is ploughed only to the depth of three
or four inches, the active soil is so very limited that
the least change in the weather is injurious to the
plants growing on it. The manure which is always
applied to the wheat crop under this system of shal-
low ploughing forms a layer near the surface ; the
roots of the plant ramify only through the furrow-
slice in which the dung is placed, and consequently
the plant has but little hold of the ground. It is
thus, in severe weather in spring, the plant gets
" thrown out," as it is termed, by the frost. The
roots having spread out horizontally, near the surface,
are easily exposed to the weather, and, whether it be
mild or frosty, dry or damp, are entirely under its
influence : in a dry season, the shallow soil and the
manure in it become parched and inactive ; in wet
weather, the roots having but little hold of the ground,
a soaking rain and a little wind loosen the plant, and
it is blown out. Wheat sown on a deeply-cultivated
soil, exerts the whole of its energy, at first in the pro-
duction of roots. These strike deeply in the soil,
filling the whole of it with their minute fibres. The
plants may appear thin during winter and in spring
—those which turn out the best crops often have this
appearance then—but whenever genial weather comes,
the organs of the leaf being highly excited, are pre-
pared for vigorous and luxuriant growth; and a wide
field having been laid under contribution for the pur-
pose, the roots easily provide the nourishment required
to support them under it. If a plant in such a con-
dition be pulled up—if the soil be pulled up, it will
be found to have sent out its roots as minute fibres,
18 or 20 inches from it in all directions ; it is evident
that no variations of weather can affect it, situated
thus ; it draws its nourishment from sources be-
yond the influence of the variableness of external
agents. Thus deep cultivation, by encouraging depth
of rooting, indirectly effects for the plant a com-
parative independence of the weather ; but it has
a direct influence in the same direction, for, if the
weather be wet a great depth of soil readily absorbs
the water, and conveys it down to the drains; and, if
it be dry, it retains for a longer time a sufficiency of
moisture. Of two crops of corn, equally luxuriant
in their growth, that is not so liable to lodge which
is grown on the deeper soil, for its growth has been
more gradual and natural, and less the result of
artificial excitement. The manure in the shallow
soil has not had its rankness rectified by mixture
with a great mass of earth, and wheat grown upon
it will spring up rapidly, but without rigi•ity ; and
though it may at one stage of its growth look more
luxuriantly, it will at another yield less abundantly
than a neighbouring crop which Has throughout
grown slower, and generally promised less. Of
course it must be understood that deep cultivation
can be safely entered upon only on soils that are
naturally or artificially dry. And now a few words as
to the depth at which wheat ought to be planted. We
think this has not yet been satisfactorily determined.
Nature ought to be our guide in things of nature ;
she always drops her seed on the surface ; and when
it is necessary that any particular seed should get
deeper than its natural gravitation would enable it,
she provides them with means for the purpose. Thus
the barley and wild oat have awns, or beards, by
which every motion of the seed pushes it forward;
such a seed, lying on the ground, assisted by the
wind, very soon wriggles itself beneath the surface.
We think, therefore, that the nearer the surface a
seed is planted the better, provided it be placed deep
enough to protect it from its enemies, the birds, &c.
This conclusion at which we arrive is strengthened
in reference to wheat by another circumstance; for, if
a wheat-plant be observed in spring, it will be seen
that at whatever depth the seed was originally planted,
the lateral roots which it has sent out to supply it with
nourishment are always sent out from it at a point not
far below the surface, certainly not more than one inch
below it.-44gricultural Gazette.

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The First on SUNDAY, February 4, con- t 16
taining Mr. Shell's Speech, a gem of oratorryy
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DISPATCH) on SUNDAY, February 11, con-
taining the Speeches of Mr. Whiteside, Mr.
O'Connell, and other Leading Counsel who 48
may addriss the Court in the course of the
Week, for which the services of several Short-
hand Writers of Eminence have been engaged.
The dimensions of the succeeding Supplements will be re-
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ings from the commencement to that stage at which the first
begins, so that every subscriber to the WEFKLY DIS-
PATCH will be in. possession of a complete and faithful re-
cord of this great national trial—a trial which must become
a matter of history, and ever be regarded as an of un-
usual importance.
A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH of MR. O'CONNELL
will precede the account of the Trial, which will be written
by a Gentleman intimately acquainted with the " great
Agitator," and consequently one who has treasured up many
reminiscences that will render the Biography a paper of
general and absorbing interest.
The SUPPLEMENTS, forming a great number of columns,
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Orders received by every Bookseller and News Agent in
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A public supper of the Hoxton Anti-Corn-law Asso-
ciation took place on Wednesday evening at the North
Briton, New North-road, to celebrate the anniversary of its
"formation. The festival was most numerously attended, and
the large room was crowded to excess.