The Sun.
London, England, 1850-01-14 00:00:00

dIUH WATER AT LONDON BittOG.
Tan .. DAY —.orning 35 min. after 2 I Evening, 2 min. after 2
To-Mongovr —lf •rtung, 9 min. alter 3 1 Evening, 27 ratn. after 3

fill!: WEATUEB.—SuN OFFICE, JAN. 13.
MEWL:NETER, Lowest, 26; Highest, 29; Noon,
BAROMETER, 30.06.
WD.TE. E.S.E.--cold sharp wind, with dull hazy weather.
JAN. 14.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 20, Highest, 2S; Noon, 27.
BAROMETER, 29,8.

WIND E.—strong gales, and very cold weather.

tutor(
LONDON, MODDAY, JANUARY 14, 1850.

After all, the Public Exhibition of 1851 is to be
indeed a public undertaking. Popular opinion having
almost unanimously dissented from the arrangements
already made, the Commission have at once availed
themselves of a clause in the contract with Messrs.
/vluNner and cancelled the agreement. The public
spirit manifested by Messrs. MONDAY in their magnifi-
cent proposal has been generally appreciated ; but while
we consider them entitled to public gratitude for their
spontaneous offer and for the unhesitating confidence
which it evinced in the success of the Exhibition,
nevertheless we cannot but rejoice in the altered ar-
rangements. The Messrs. Muriner are superseded
by the only party rightly qualified to carry out such
an undertaking—the Nation. The whole affair at once
assumes a different character. It is no longer possible to
cavil at any (apparent) unfairness. The Exhibition to
be held in London, in the metropolis of manufacture,
will be wholly prepared and carried out at the expense
of the British public. This is as it should be. As a
national undertaking the Exhibition has from the first
elicited our interest ; as such it has already called forth
the unanimous sympathies of the people. There is—
to every one who rightly estimates the true nobility.
of Industry and the glory of Commerce—there
is something more than ordinarily attractive in the
proposed competition. Among the truths which
Time has taught us, one of the_most practically be-
neficial is the superiority of peaceful ever martial
triumphs. No longer is the laurel-wreath the only
or the dearest object of ambition. No longer is the
artizan considered as an object but a little more dig-
nified than the material at which he labours. It is
true the principle is not yet carried out to a fit ex-
tent, but it is progressing.
" The power of thought, the magic of the mind,"
is now recognized, in some degree, as
Nature's patent of nobility. It has been said, " Man
is born to create, from the poet to the potter," and
the power of creation is assuredly one of the noblest
endowments of humanity. The poet who has: en-
riched mankind with new treasures of thought and

feeling, who, n the hearts of thousands beat with
rapture, when n b►e impulses are stimulated and selfish
hearts are humanized by the power of his words, can
exultingly exclaim " This is my work !" is without
doubt entitled to the gratitude of all. But the ex-
ercise of this noble faculty is by no means cir-
cumscribed to the poet, although possessed by him
in its highest degree. Every artist and every ar-
tizan who discovers or developes the resources of art
is in his several ways a public benefactor. As a
recognition of this fact, as a homage to Industry and
Invention (those " twin giants" of civilization), 'we
look upon the proposed Exhibition as a most inter-
esting and important event. In another respect, also,
it claims our cordial approbation—as a bond
of union among many nations. When at first it
was suggested that only British artists should be
among the competitors, the proposition met through-
out the kingdom with unanimous dissent; it was con-
sequently decreed that the competition should be uni-
versal. The distinctions of class and country are justly
felt to be out of place in a matter which concerns
the fraternizing principles of art. Regarded under
these aspects, as a public encouragement to the
peaceful arts, and as a gathering together of men of
all nations, it is obvious to all that the Exhibition
must he a national work. Such it is now to
be : with the public rests its progress
and its consummation. On public support itssucceis
henceforth depends. Will that support be niggardly,
so that success may be compromised ? Will the nation
who have insisted in taking the matter in their own
hands give a public manifestation of their illiberality
by suffering it to be carried out in an unworthy
manner? Shall the public spirit of Messrs. MUNDAT
put our national liberality to shame ? Impossible.
It is a matter which admits of no hesitation ; it is a
question to which there can be only one reply. The
nation has undertaken the work, and it will be
carried out in a spirit worthily national. The
Messrs. MONDAY have no cause to repent the offer of
the contract; their conduct has been justly appre-
ciated and approved. Hence the decision of the
Commission cannot but be regarded with universal
feelings of satisfaction.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris papers of Saturday
and yesterday.
The proposition for increasing the pay of the at
present underpaid sub-officers of the army is exciting
the ire of the parti-pretre and the Legitimatists, who
imagine that there will be nothing left for the Jesuits
to plunder under the hoped for restoration, if the pay
of the army be increased.
The Ordre, the organ of this party and of M.
THIERS, has the following on this subject :
" It is no', however, the idea of offering a just remu-
neration which has inspired the authors i f the project
of law, as well as of the rival proposition put forward by
Montagnards. Hence it is that we can see no other in-
tention than that t f gaining over the army. The army
entertain!, we will say, too high an idea of its dignity
to set its fidelity up to auction. Its fidelity belongs to
the country, and to the cause of social order, already
so valiantly defended, and it will not attach
itself specially to any particular personal am-
bition, or to any anarchical fiction, f)r the sake of un-
worthy bribes. Hitherto the army has remained
intact amidst the general confusion caused by the revo-
lution of February. It became not merely al act of
prudence but of imperative duty to abstain from laying
hands on the only surviving institution, seeing that
it is the very one which serves as a bulwark to the
country and to society ; that it is, in fact, our sheet
anchor in the midst of general disturbance which will
bapper, however, in the National Assembly, as the dis-
cussions which took pla-e yesterday in the bureaux and
the choice of members e f the committee clearly indicate.
What if the Assembly reject these insidioui propositions,
and postpone to more favourable times the consideration
t f what may be useful and practicable in the aay of
ameliorating the condition of the army ? Is it not to be
feared that anarchists will take advantage of the refusal
to put forward unreasonable desigw, and to calumniate
the intentions of the Assembly ? The Assembly
nevertheless, resolved to look to the general interest
only, sure that the army will equally comprehend it."
The army, we imagine, will not suffer itselt; obe
cajoled by these quasi promises of the parti pretre,
which mean nothing. The army, in common with
the people of France, have too vivid a recollection of
the doings of the parti pretre between 1815 and 1830
to believe in their promises ; the reply to all over-
tures from that party should be, on the part of the
Army, NET !
The Assemble Nationale, another organ of the
parti pretre, has had recourse to the old tactics of the
party, and is engaged in concocting and propagating
rumours of an intended coup d'etat. It has been as
serted that a Minister stated publicly that "the Assem-
bly was lost in the esteem of the country, and that it
would shortly be necessary to come to an end with it."
Tnat Minister is said to be M. ACHILLE FOULD, and
M PISCATORY (ex-man of all work to M. GUIZOT)
is the person who states that M. FOULD made use of
the expression ; a statement, however, the truth of
which M. FOULD absolutely denies.
The National gives the following version of the
affair :

However briefly we may be compelled to allude in
a single political criticism to an article of such re-
markable scope, although one so ingeniously com-
pacted together, we would at the earliest moment
direct attention to an historical paper contained in
the current number of the Edinburgh Review, re-
ferring to a subject most momentous both to Asia
and to Europe, namely, the past and present relations
of Turkey and Christendom. Within the compass of
a few pages will be there found condensed an extra-
ordinary amount of facts at all times interesting, but
at this particular epoch invested with a peculiar
fascination. That the perpetuation of a Mahometan
Government on the very threshold of the
European Continent should have become matter
for earnest solicitude to the majority of the
states of Christendom, whereas formerly the
rise and developement of the Ottoman Empire
had been only viewed by those identical States with
jealousy, is a circumstance cf itself sufficient to de-
monstrate that some wonderful change has taken
place in the relative situation of the faithful and of
the unbelievers. A supposition, moreover, strangely
and strikingly corroborated by the exchange of gifts,
of compliments, and of representatives, between the
SULTAN'CALIPII on the one hand, as the chief of
Islamism, and the Supreme PONTIFF on the other, as
the visible head of Roman Catholicism. Notwith-
standing the animosities which for centuries have
raged between the followers of the PaornET and of
the B,EDEBMER, it is marvellous to know that at
length the Cross has yielded to an amicable alliance
with the Crescent. But one sentiment is enter-
tained towards the Ottoman dynasty by all the races
bordering upon the Mediterranean, from the Straits
of Gibraltar to the Straits of the Hellespont—the
sentiment of friendship. But one feeling is cherished
amongst the various nations populating the shores of
the Baltic, from the western limits of Denmark to
the eastern extremities of Pomerania—the feeling of
amity. Nor is the growth of this confidence in the
councils of the Sublime Porte attributable to any
lesser motives than those of a cordial reliance on
Turkey, and a profound distrust of Russia, a regard
for the SULTAN and a detestation of the AUTOCRAT,
an antagonism to the retrogressive policy of St.
Petersburgh and an affinity of affection for
the progressive policy of Constantinople. These
are the considerations which have withdrawn
the regard of the Europeans from the capital of the
CzAR, and concentrated it upon the denizens of the
Golden Horn and the frequenters of the Bosphorus.
While the favour of Christendom has been thus se-
cured to the authority established by the Musii'men
at Constantinople, the permanence of that authority
has continued a subject of unbelief during many suc-
cessive generations. Between two and three hundred
years ago the approximation of the Turlei,h power to
its downfal was predicted by the voice of KNOLLES
subsequently, the same lugubrious prophecy was ar-
ticulated by the lips of CANTEMIR ; and within
our own time the annalist HALLAM did not
shrink thirty years back frcm pronouncing
that period to be the one immediately
antecedent to the destruction of the Divan, and the
general dismemberment of Turkey. Long, however,
as the tones of the historic CASSANDRA have rung thus
ominously through the mosques and palaces of Con-
stantinople,_.the .dominion of the descendants of

" It is surely time for the men who direct the affairs
of the country to permit it t) breathe in peaco. A few
months a;o disquieting rumours disturbed the public
mind. Since then the majority of the nation, devoted
to the con:f tutior, has been expecting to see issue
from the regular working of the institutions the prc-
gress which is evidently necessary. But here, in the
midst of the universal calm, new alarms are dissemi-
nated, and the meagre stream of public prosperity is
disturbed at its source. For the hitt two days roc.

naeing rumours are afloat ; fdly appcars incurable in
certain regions; and because the Presider t of the Re-
public is name Napoleon, there are people who want,
right or wrong, to have him Emperor. Acquainted,
like every one else, with these rumours, we kept silent,
for wo feel no pleasure in producing disquietude; but
other journal=, who do not deem themselv( s bound
to a like reserve, have spoken. The Assemblee Na-
tionale has the following lines, which merit explanation:
--‘Soauthing extraordinary is passing in certain re-
gions of the political world. It appears that an impor-
tant page of history is being sketched. Difficulties are
being explored, the means of action reckoned, and the
pace of each personage at the decisive moment settled.
We shall have to come back on the strange rumours

which are in circulation. The Estafette f last night
confirms them, and tie Opinion Publique seemed yes-
terday to desire to let them be aaticipited by the fol-
lowing language :—` If the Patrie thinks that, in order
to allow another place, which we shall freely call the
Empire, to be occupied, the Right would agree to vote
always with the shades of the majority willing to make
that concession, it is mistaken. In that case we should
reply, like M. de Montalembert, non possumus, and
we should be with those who would defend the inde-
pendence of the national will against enterprises sad
adventures.' Let us add tha the demi-official organs
of the Government, the Patrie and the Moniteur
du Soir do not contain any of these notes marked com-
municated, which are so freely scot out from the
Elys6e, to deny the rumour given by the As' embMe
Nationale. It must also be stated that M. Abraham
Dubois, one of the most ultra of the majority, yesterday
confirmed in the most marked manner, in the 13th
hurt au, these alarming rumours, for he affirmed, in
speAcieg against the Bill ref sting to the increased pay e f
the fiul.-offic,nr, that he had heard the f illowing v:ords
,m the mouth of one of the Ministers:—' The National
Assembly is lost in the esteem of the country; it will be
necessary to shortly come tc an end with it.' This
statement produced the utmost indignatior. Cett tin
folks, consequently, dream of an 18th Brumaire—be it
so; try that coupd'ctat ; throw your last stake; the
nation will hold against you and will gain. It has
gained more difficult matches. At the noise of an at-
tempt to be made against the national representation, it
would reply by the noise of the tocsin, sounded in Paris,
in every town, in every village in France. It would
take up arms for the defence of the constitution, and if
it fvuud au enemy paL'a, l wokati Ira crunlied like

OTUMAN has continued, up to the present epoch, 1 Charles X. and Louis Philippe. You reckon on the
abrnityhle
soßlduitewrsecefretcheortiatein
ottali'o,
wthceifdirsbt caforrtriidge firedo
fixed upon its original and gigantic foundations. The
should attempt to renew!) the crime cf the 18"tmh Bwiuu-
walls of what was once Byzantium have not yielded
to the resonance of the horn cf Crao, as the battle- maire."
ments of Jericho crumbled down at the braying of The Siecle cf Saturday has the following :
the trumpets of the Israelites. It is true that along
sid"elrifsb7 adreeFweee" ioPffj rat nt
t ee dn
ii family
, the' aflairsroiYcc?Ec p y a cos
the northern frontiers of European Turkey the moment. The Minister cf Justice. issaid to h aavet tll9 -been
daring encroachments of the AUTOCRAT have already charged to examine a question which he had himself
become perceptible, yet, still in defiance of the seizure submitted to the consideration cf a commission com-
of Bucharest by the Cossacks, and in direct contra- used
rooctaTinentllaw).B'earrstilesuchisras l'Tl.r Diupflin, sez. .
,
diction of what must inevitably be regarded as the It is this :—The treaty of Fontainebleau, P°g'corroborated
portent of a partition or an absorption of Moldavia by the will cf the Emperor, secured to the Bonaparte
and Wallachia, the sceptre of ABDUL-MESCHID is
familysum wchl ai
oi mil s
woinththinetepreusbt would
ctreasury fir considerable
now
amount
c o o
considering
d emr
ing
more
still grasped with a serene and haughty confidence than' twenty millions. The restoration,
in its power, the crescent still glitters upon the domes the treaty of Fontainebleau as abolished both by
and minarets of Constantinople. right and by the events cf war, paid no attention to
the claim. At the time of the rcse lution cf
Turkey, according to the felicitous expres- July, claims were sent in to the new Governmentj by
sion of the Edinburgh Reviewer, "has now the members of the Bonaparte family, who were then
been, for five generations, in its nominal agony,' in exile; the Council of State were called on to examine
and still, with an effete Government, a pre- '
ihhees
Ge
o v er
ol demands,o ment
and f
i.presentedooi s
Philippea f i v e u
rab I e report. But
carious exchequer, and a popular disbelief in its
duty to acted to those claims,
which
pp didre notn thi
,wanakaiint
ti.t(-s
_
own more propitious destinies, it survives the un- newed. The commission to which M. Rouber has sub-
utterable displeasure of Austria and the insatiable mitted the question, it is said, inclined to regard the
ambition of the Russian AUTOCRAT. How question in the same light as the Council of State of 1831,
and it is on the opinion ( f this special commission th,t
this political miracle comes to pass is a problem the Government will present a Bill tending to effect the
as apparently inexplicable at the first blush as any re-imbursement cf the sums which may be due by France
other of the many miraculous events in the annals of to
tth,lee heirtosiinf.ttihoenEofmtpheeroGr,, after it had been, subjected
o
Turkey, and yet on examination proves to be alto- The Caonstilutionnel of y
eustnecridl
ao f St lit e. '
y, gives an authori-
gether as comprehensible. It is, as we have intimated, tative denial to this statement that a Bill was ;to be
the natural recompense of the enlightened policy es- presented to the Assembly for a reimbursement of
tablished at Constantinople and the natural retribu- 20 0
‘__,oo ,000 francs to the BONAPARTE family.
contradicts the rumour of an
~ s
tion of the tyrannous and retrogressive policy erected The same journal
in-
tended expedition to La Plata. It says—
upon the iron basis of despotism at St. Petersburgh. sal journals announce that the Government
Strangely enough, on taking a retrospective glance with respect to the affair cf La Plata, has taken MC9.:
at the history of Turkey, we discover that the rise of sures seemingly contrary both to the policy which it sup-
the Ottoman dynasty, dating from 1299, was very ititoerteAdsdseumrihnf theTclhi:cyusssioonitaql to the. vote come to by
nearly contemporaneous with the disastrous close of state the numbery of men to beoemlauirki clew ray,
d expedition,name
the last and seventh crusade. That crusade, leading, as admiral t s be intrusted with the command. There is
can never be forgotten, to the complete loss of the nothing true in the report."
The Committee
Holy Lands, was anterior to the coronation of the
of on the Bill for increasing the pay
renon-commissioned officers has chosen 111.
ODI LON
rot first OTHMAN by only eight years, taking place as ....A sta oi a sporter. The Committee will, itis
it did in 1291. Within twenty years from that date thought, report against the measure.
the Knights Templars, the champions of Christianity, M. Bixto has addressed the following letter to the
had perished from the face of the earth which they Siècle :
" A placard posted up yesterdaypoints out in vie-
had adorned by their virtues and hallowed by their le, t terms the conduct f. ten of the most respectable
heroism ; and not long afterwards the renowned army publisters in Paris, who have re-ently sold their book',
of the Janissaries, the champions of Infidelity, had giving by way of bonus tickt-ts in the Artist's Let-
sprung into existence. It was, consequently, at this tlenrt3ea
.which
.is authorised
.by
into
the Minist ‘r i f a e
memorable and momentous epoch, an epoch generally declariroer.
thalVmayhonutameletehraisnf3aeinnt
t s wrongfullydi'e usami?xre,
mixed up
u must
regarded as the commencement of modern history, the affair. Complete'y unconnected for many years
that that Europe beheld herself assailed at once by the with the manage :neat of the bookselling-house which I
bands of the infidels on the shores of the Bosphorus e,tsblisbed, I have not, nor could I, have taken any past
in an
and on the banks of the Guadalquiver, by the Moors personsop operation which wmhlichh,avmeotrheeosgerr, being
eatesteiteeenmter
:l intoannotbbuyt
and :by the Mussulmen. A period of advance- be perfectly honourable. I think it my duty at the
ment for the arms of the crescent, beginning same tine to ceclare that I shall take proceedings for
with the battle of Nicopoli, and ending ( efsmation against the autp,oArooofe thet placard.with the battle of Angora, the former advantageous ' Brno, R, presentpative cf the People."
to the cause of the Islamites, and the latter disastrous The Saint Public, of Lyons, says—
for the time being to their dominion—led to the con- "In spite cf the severity _
t(fa the weather, and of
quest and captivity of BAJAZ ET, by TIMOUR the political
nangditattvieonss,ilthhemsstnatueran,f d
wriest) a i
rne ourin fullcity
nisn
,SiavittiS-
TARTAR, and the marvellously rapid salvation of Our working population, will thus be enabled to
pa)s's.
Turkey from the " Slough of Despond," by the through a long and severe '.inter withouth much suffer-
marvel-working authority of ManomeT. Under i n
localg' provide fa7r theirto wt
Lnddost may to able, th k
aenrpar.,o,sperity of our
MAHOMZT 11., namely, in 1453, the sway of the The Fir:ay; tore done, in the Passage de l'Opere, yes-
Byzantine CAESARS was brought to a close, and the terday, at 94f. 10c., being a tall of 15c. compared with
the closing price on Saturday.
Roman Empire finally extinguished, by the capture
of the city of Constantinople. Since then, the empire BUSINESS
u,NI::(0), UgertnTizirE, RAILWAYS,I
12A T THE
of the Ottoman Porte, though repeatedly threatening Anglo-Italian (late Italian and Austrian), 76—Boulogne
Vi-
disruption, bas preserved its integrity uninterruptedly earnzdonl.mlieins, 7
14—East
—ljaentra4l,4 of France
Great
(lOndrlieaanespeannidnstta'
until the Russian EMPEROR has ventured upon divers s%—Ditto, 31—Luxembourg, 21A/2—Namur and Liege, Bi--
insidious encroachments, and those encroachments Orleans and Bourdeaux, 33/—Paris and Romp, 23.
have been repelled by the tacit alliance —
established between Turkey and the rest or Christen-
dom. Yet a little while longer, and we shall have an
opportunity of discerning whether the greed of terri-
torial aggrandisement on the part of the AUTOCRAT
will be sufficient to acquire a superior influence to
the amicable support granted to the SULTAN by the
rest of the great powers of Europe.

SPAIN.

Madrid journals of tlie 6th have arrived.
The report of the Committee on the Budget was
read on the sth in the Chamber of Deputies, and the
Finance Minister promised to bring in a Bill for the
settlement of the debt. The proposition of MENDI-
zAnAr. for the sale of church property, the proceeds
of which should be devoted to the liquidation of the
debt, was opposed by the Finance Minister, first, be-
cause its adoption would destroy the then Clergy
Dotation Bill passed last session; and, secondly,
because it was in contradiction to the vote of the
House, which had authorised the Government to
come to an understanding with the Holy See as to
the definitive arrangement of the clergy, &c., which
the Government was determined to carry out. The
proposition was rejected by 126 votes against 41.
The Bolsa was closed on the 6th.

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