The Sun.
London, England, 1857-02-19 00:00:00

THE SMITHFIELD MEETINGS.

woollen, and worsted factories ; in the latter the
principal increase has been in cotton and silk fac-
TO THE EDITOR. OF TIIE SUN.
tories—the aggregate increase in the first being Sirc.—Will you do me an act of justice by insertion of
14'2 per cent,, and in the latter 66-0. The the full ) sing :
The low-priced daily papers of the metropolis, in pre-
localities in which the increase has taken place tending to give a report of my speech at Smithfield on
blisbPd as such anfarrago
the Tuesday, have puunconnected
have varied, we are told, considerably; and
of nonsensical decia!nation, not one syllable of which I
ever uttered. The three penny papers appear to have
ha,l but one reporter between them, for their reports
are identical. Their misrepresentation is calculated to
do me serious injury, and I come to you for justice.
Your report of my words, so widely different from
theirs, is correct, and I may, perhaps, be permitted to
observe that, widely as you differ from my views, you
never condescend to misrepresent the words I utter in
the reports you give.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant,
ERNEST JONES.

report points out the migration, as it were, of
trades from on© part of the country to another.
The increase of factories between 1838 and 1856
has been 900, and of this increase Lancashire
claims 360, Yorkshire 344, Cheshire 38, Not-
tingham 46, and Warwick 71. The cotton fac-
tories in the counties of Lanark (Glasgow), Ren-
frew (Paisley), and Autritn have decreased by 52.
The woollen trade is becoming concentrated in
Yorkshire, there being an increase in the
number of woollen factories in the va-
rious ridings during a like period of 200,
while in Cornwall, Devon, Wales, and elsewhere,
there has been a decrease of 82. The worsted
manufacture is almost exclusively confined to
Yorkshire. In Worcester, however, the worsted
trade has been considerably extended. The flax
trade flourishes more vigorously in Ireland than
in any other part of the -United Kingdom. The
increase of flax-factories in Antrim, Armagh,
Down, and Tyrone, in the like period, amounts to
59 ; while both in England and Scotland there
has been a decrease. The number of silk-facto-
ries has increased. The increase above spoken of
is numerical, and does not include the increase of
power, which is 59.366 between 1838 and 1856.
Great. however, as this is, it is much below the
actual additional force practically available and in
motion for manufacturing purposes. The number
of persons employed bears exactly the same pro-
portion for nominal horse-power as in 1838 and
1850, though there has been a vast extension of
trade. This is owing to machinery. As many
persons (800,000) are now dependent, it is be-
lieved, on the power-loom as were in 1838 on
the hand-loom ; and wages are better and
steadier. The number of power-looms in 1836
(when they were chiefly used for cotton fabrics)
was 115,801 ; the number in 1856 was 369,205.
The number of spindles has increased in a greater
proportion either than the number of factories or
the power employed in spinning-factories. In
weaving-factories there is a tendency to the exten-
sion of the trade among many occupiers rather than
a concentration of it among a few. The extent of
the increased power of production partly appears
from the fact, that if the woollen and worsted fac-
tories in 1856 had produced in the same proportion
as in 1850, the value of the exports would
have been 7,800,000/. instead of ten millions—
the actual average of the three years ending 1855.
As to the employment of hands there has been a
decrease of one-half of the number of children
under 13 years of age, although two children are
now required to do the work of one in 1835 ; a
small decrease of boys between 13 and 18 years
of age, and an increase of the proportion of fe-
males above thirteen years of age, chiefly in flax,
cotton, and worsted factories. The largest pro-
portion of children is employed in worsted fac-
tories. An increase is reported in the number of
men employed in the latter factories, owing, in
some measure it is thought, to the prim s of
country wool being now very generally employed
in the factories. Ia conclusion, the facts brought
out by this Return appear to be that the factory
system is increasing rapidly, that fewer hands are
employed in proportion to the machinery, though
stet the horse power, than at former periods, that
the steam engine is enabled to drive an increased
weight of machinery by economy of force and
other methods, and that an increased quantity of
work can be turned off by improvements in ma-
chinery and in methods of manufacture by in-
crease of speed of the machinery, and by a variety
of other causes. It may be well to add that the
number of accidents from 'machinery during the
six months ending 31st October, 1856, was 1,919
—1,037 males and 822 females.

143, Strand, Feb. 18.

The sums paid into the Paris Savings Bank last week
amounttd to 518,5341., from 5,133 depositors, of whom

, . .
~... ... .
787 were new ; and the reimbursements to 498,323 f.
THE RIISSIAN-DIITCEI LOAN.—Yesterday a Parlia-
mentary paper was issue 3, showing that on the 31st
December last the interest due on the Russian-Dutch
Loan was 743,750 florins, and the principal 15,000,000

rins.
The Moniteur publishes a decree extending to the 30th
June, 1859, the authorisation previously granted to the
Mouzaia Mining Company, to export direct from Algeria
to foreign countries copper ore to the extent of 6,000

tons.
A. Parliamentary paper published yesterday shows the
bullion operations of the Bank during the past year.
The amount of bar and foreign gold taken to them was
7,070,8311., while the sums withdrawn were 1,967,630/.
of bar and foreign, and 5,632,276/. of British coin,
making a total of 7,599,906/.
The weekly reviews from the Amsterdam and Rotter-
dam produce markets state that business had been
rather more animated, and that prices continued to he
well supported. The operations in refined sugar had
been at an advance, while coffee, tea, and indigo showed
increased firmness. The letters from Rouen speak of a
rather better demand for manufactures, but there was
no alteration in rates.
It is now estimated that the Peninsular and Oriental
steamer C. lombo, to sail on the 20th for India, will take
out 660,0001., principally silver. For the succeeding mail
of the 4th, which will include remittances to China,
about 230,000/. is already engaged. Notwithstanding
these arrangements, the stock of silver on the market has
not been entirely absorbed, and the price yesterday
showed inereased heaviness.
A correspondence between the Government and the
Bank, just printed, shows the only adva'nces on deficiency
bills during the year to have been 2,000,000/. in the
quarter ending the 31st of March. In the December
quarter the Bank agreed to purchase at par 2,000,0001.
out of the 4,000,0001. of Exchequer-bills authorised to
be created last session, hut the amount negotiated was
ultimately limited to 1,000,0001.
The half-yearly meeting of the Great Northern RaP-
way Company, called for the 28th inst., has been post-
poned until the 12th March. This meeting will be made
extraordinary, "to receive a report from the directors on
the subject of the forgeries and frauds committed by
Leopold Redpath on the company, and to authorise the
directors to make application to Parliament, and take
other measures they may deem advisable in reference
thereto."
A Besuor PREACHING IN A PRISON.—On Septuege-
sima Sunday the bishop of this diocese attended divine
service and preached in the county gaol. The text
selected by his lordship was Isaiah, chap. i., v. 18 :
"Though your sins be as scarlet they shall be white as
snow ; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as
wool." From these words he addressed his hearers, first,
on the plainness of sin ; and, secondly, on the fullness
of pardon. The sermon was listened to with marked at-
tention, and several of the prisoners were moved to tears.
—Carlisle Patriot.
DISSOLUTION OF THE STEPNEY UNlON.—Yesterday,
Mr. Southwell, the vestry clerk of the hamlet of Mile-
end Old Town, containing 65,000 inhabitants, received
an official letter from the Central Poor-law B card, giving
orders for the separation of the hamlet from the Stepney
Union. The separation is to take effect on Lady-day
next, and a board of guardians, to consist of 18 persons,
are to be elected on the 14'h of March.
THE ART TREASURES' PALACIL—The Art Treasures'
Palace at Manchester being now covered in and com•
plated externally the executive committee threw open
the great hall and picture galleries yesterday to the sub-
scribers to the guarantee fund and their friends, and to
season ticketholders, for a promenade. A band of music
was in attendance, and the ladies and gentlemen who
availed themselves of this unexpected invitation to view
the building in its present unfinished state were between
6,000 and 7,000 in number, despite the unfavourable
weather which prevailed during the day.
MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION. The splendid
chamber termed the Napoleon room has just been com-
pleted, and has opened the entire length of the variou.,
rooms containing the groups and figures exhibited. Trims
room now contains most splendid mirore nearly sur-
rounding the appartment, and giving great lightness and
brilliant effect to the chamber. The figure of Napoleon
1., surrounded by Murat, King of Naples, Marshal Ney,
the Late Emperor of Austria, Frederick William, the third
Kin; of Prussia, Alexander 1., of Russia, and Field-
Marshal Pr-n e Blucher.
The Aust, alien mail steamer will leave Liverpool
about five days previous to her sailing from Southampton
wile the mails. It is probable, however, that now there
is a direct railway communication with the north of
England that before long :he Australian packets will
take in all their cargo and passengers, as well as mails,
at Southampton, and also land all their cargo and pas,
sengers at that port. This will depend, however, on the
charges for the conveyance of goods from the north-west
to the south of England by rail being moderate. It is
expected that the Australian mad, which will be de-
spatched on the 24th inst., will consist of about 600
boxes of letters and newspapers, each box weighing about
three quarters of a hundred weight.
Levenroor, Feb. 18.—The United States mail at, a n
ship Atlantic sailed hence for New York to-day, with
nine passengers, a full cargo, and the usual mails. There
is also on board, iu custody, the man Winter, who, as
stated in The Sun on Monday, was chased across the
Atlantic by one of his employers in the Persia, and cap-
tured on entering the river, charged with stealing $2,000.
The ship Fortune, belonging to the " Black Ball" film
of packets, will sail to-morrow for Melbourne with about
157 passengers, She was to have taken her departure
to-day ; but this morning her first and third mates
'(Joseph Duncan and John Jones) were sent to prison
for three months each, and their certificates were can-
celled, for having broken into the spirit stores, opened
several packages, and wasted and drunk a considerable
quantity of brandy, wine, and other liquors. They have
been replaced by better men.
THE VALPARAISO PACKET-STEAMER CHILIE.—The
Chilie, the first of a new line of packet steamers to run
between London and Valparaiso, has been- obliged to
put back. She left the Channel in the early part of last
month, but met with a severe storm in the Bay of Biscay,
and was completely dismasted. The storm commenced
during the night of the 20th of January, and at half-past
3on the following morning her foremast went. All her
rigging and gear, as well as her rnaintopmast, were then
cut away, and in the afternoon of the 21st her mainmast
went by the board, taking with it the second mate and
a boy, who were, however, got on board before the mast
was dear of the side. Part of the rigging became eta
tangled in the after part of the ship, and for some days
prevented the screw from being lowered into its place,
and it was with great difficulty that she succeeded in
reaching Plymouth, where she arrived on the 13th inst.,
and now remains to refit.
THE Loss Or THE STEAMER RAVENSBOURNE.—Noi-
withstanding the assistance afforded by the Dutch Go-
vernment to raise the sunken steamer Ravensbourne,
which foundered on the morning of the Bth inet., off
Fleshing, abreast cf the Royal Dockyard, all attempts
to accomplish that difficult task have failed, and it is much
feared that this vessel will become a total wreck. The
Ravensbourne left Antwerp at noon for London, and, in
accordance with her usual custom, she brought up on
reaching Flushing, in order to discharge the river pilot.
There was also on board the Dutch Admiral (Furgitson)
and his daughter, who being desirous of landing at the
Arsenal, the Ravensbourne, it is understood, was endea-
vouring to effect that object when she unhappily was
carried by the current on to some sunken piles, and in
extricating herself no doubt stove in the forepart of the
ship. The captain, finding the fore-compartment rapidly
filling, immediately ran her for the dockyard, and suc-
ceeded in reaching the entrance of the main basin, when
she grounded, and all efforts to get her in failed. About
2 o'clock the following morning, owing to the fore-com-
partment giving way, the maiuhold and afterpart imme-
diately filled, when the vessel flipped off the bank where
she bad grounded and went down in deep water. All
the passengers and crew (excepting captain and chief
officer), with specie and deck cargo, had been previously
landed. The captain and chief officer were on deck at
the time when she foundered, and only escaped by jurip-
g overboard and swimming ashore. Part of her cargo
was insured at Lloyd's on the morning the steamer was
lost.
THE AoLntithiNsi.A.undWerAtTaEkßing,CwOe MPhAaNvYe. —0
only
ametaekdinign
comments on
accordance with our acknowledged object, that of pro-
moting all legitimate enterprises that support the mining
interest, or that have a tendency to develope such in-
terest; and we repeat, that a water company, for the
purpose indicated, is the most legitimate ; and, from the
data that has been furnished us, it appears to be most
profitable. We are gladort)dooiktficed nhdesttoharte3os to
miles
opinion is con-
firmed by our excellent correspondent,,Captain Matthew
Francis, but as to the amount of capital required he ap
beexce
ined error. The
absolute c
145,0001., which
and 600 miles in area—and through which hundreds of
miles
does pears
tbeil
cut,
are, no doubt, valuable rights to be paid for, but the
arrangement made by the California Water Company, in
ex
of extent of
parallel distance
flumes is 1
this instance, seems most unexceptionable to the Eng-
lish investors, as those rights, whatever they amount to,
will be included in the gross ' capital, and are to be paid
for in class B shares, which are not entitled to receive
dividends until 20 per cent, has been paid to the sub-
scribers, It must not be overlooked that the calculations
made in the company's pamphlet, to which we have fre-
quently referred, are upon the maximum amount of
capital, and whatever difference may arise in the pro-
jected arrangements will be so much saved for the gene-
ral benefit of the shareholders ; but those advantages,
as stated, are so large that if only one-half were realised
it would amply satisfy the English investors. All the
accounts from California agree that such enterprises are
much wanted, while those in existence at present pay
almost fabulous dividends.--Mining Journal, Feb, 14,
1557.

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at
the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury
in Downing-street. Present—Viscount Palmerston, the
Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Maiquis of Lans-
downe, the Earl of Harrowby, Sir George Grey, the Earl
of Clarendon, Mr. Secretary Labouchere, Lord Pan-
mute, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir C. Wood,
the Right Hon. R. Vernon Smith, Lord Stanley of Al•
derley, the ,Right Hon. Mr. Baines, and the Duke of
Argyll.
Toe marriage of Miss Whitshed, eldest daughter of
Sir S. V►ncent Whitshed, with Colonel Bentinck, took
place yesterday, at St. George's Church, Hanover-
square, in the presence of a select circle of the friends of
both families.

Lord Aveland is expected in town to-day from Stock-
ton Hall, Lincolnshire.
Lady Peel is expected in town to-day.
Sir William and Lady Middleton are expected in town
this week from Shrubland Hall, Suffolk.

The Right Hon. Mrs. Vernon Smith gave an evening
party last night at her residence in Saville-row.
ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA.--We understand that Mr.
Gye will commence his next operatic campaign, at Drury
Lane Theatre, on the 14th April.
DRURY-LANNTNgATRE --The tide of popularity which
has set towards "Old Drury " since Christmas will be
turned to the advantage of Boleno, the popular clown
of the establishment, by all who visit the national theatre
to-morrow evening, selected for the benefit of this clever
artiste. In addition to the ordinary attractions of the
programme, several special novelties are announced for
this occasion.
____

Y ST. MARTIN'S
HALL.—The fourth of the perform-
ances of sacred music for the present season, under
the direction •of Mr. Ilullah, took place last night.
Highly and deservedly attractive as the three pre-
vious concerts had been, that of last night was, if
possible, still more successful. We have never heard
the choral music of any oratorio given with greater
irecision or effect than were some of the finer pieces in
"Judas Maccabeus" last night, The members 'of Mr.
Hullah's first upper singing school may now take
their place without fear by the side of the best
trained choruses of any institution. The conclud-
ing chorus of the first part, " Rear us, 0 Lord I"
left nothing to be desired. The magnificent coin-
pce.itions, "We never will bow down," and the
"Hallelujah, A men," were equally deserving of the
highest commendation. The soloists were Madame
Redersdorff, Miss Palmer, Miss Banks, Miss Moss,
Mr. Sims Reeves, Mr. Thomas, and Mr. Dawson.
The hail was densely crowded in every part ; and,
as at the previous performance of "The Elijah," num-
bers of persons were unatle to obtain admission.
EAST SUSSEX.—The new writ for East Sussex was
issued on Tuesday evening. A very close contest will
take place between Mr. Dodson, and Lord Pevensey.
COLCHESTER ELECTION. —The nomination of a candi-
date for the representation of this borough, vacant by
the resignation of Lord John Manners, is appointed to
take place en Monday next.
A correspondent informs us that the return of Mr.
Weguelin, the member for Southampton, will be peti-
tioned against, on the grounds that some of the polling-
booths were closed before 4 o'clock p.m., and because
the polling
was suspended in one of the booths owing to
the absence of the returning officer.
PONTEFRACT. —Mr. William Wood, of Monkhill, is
about to be brought forward as a candidate for the re-
presentation of Pontefract at the nExt election, in oppo-
sition t) Mr. Oliveira. The latter gentleman, however,
will, with confidence, appeal to his constituents when
the necessary time arrives for renewing his term of repre-
sentation.

EGYPT AND TUE BIELE.—A course of three lectures
on Egypt and the Bible is advertised in another page to
be dclivere I at Crosby Hall, by Mr. John Gadsby,
author of " Wanderings in the East," The lectures
possess the elements of success, and we are glad to learn,
from what we from time to time see in the country
papers, that success is everywhere attending them, and
we are sure the more they are known the better will
they be attended.
SUDDEN DEATH.—Mr. C. K. Sala die] suddenly on
Tuesday night, in the New-road, Brighton, where he has
been residing with his mother, Madame Sala, well known
in musical circles. The cause of Mr. Sala's death was
apoplexy. Re was about to retire to his bedroom, after
placing his boots outside the door for the servant, when
he fell forward on his face. The servant immediately
gave an alarm, and when he was raised he was still alive,
but before medical aid could be procured life was ex
tinct. The deceased gentleman was 34 years of age. Up
to the time of hie death he was in the enjoyment of his
usual health and spirits.
TUE GUEEL LOAN —From a return yesterday pub-
i3lael :mass that6l76 61,6931
le
lid.
The
due by the Greek Go-
vernmentr se
st experimental
Steamboat
oomf
ptahney,from Harwich to
London, Harwich,
and Continentali
inottt Rotterdam, in the Company's steamship the London
(2,298 tons), will take place on Saturday morning next!