The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 17, 844.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAT.
STANDARD.—The gratifying announcement of
the re-establishment of peace between Trance and
Morocco, has given the coup de grace to the insinua-
tion so frequently repeated, of the Morning Chronicle,
and other English war journals, that the French
Government were not sincere in their professions of
peace, but had framed their ultimatum with an ex.
press view to render its acceptance impracticable.
Lord Aberdeen was, of course, reviled for not elis-
' covering at once the trick which M. Guizot was play-
ing upon him ; and the latter Minister denounced for an
insincerity which had no existence save in the imagi-
nations of his traducers. According to these alarmists,
France was preparing to occupy and garrison all
the principal ports upon the coast of Morocco; and
thus " convert the Mediterranean into a French lake."
Meanwhile, the British Minister for Foreign Affairs
was said to be looking on with his arms folded, con-
tent with assurances which were never designed
to be fulfilled ! It- was in vain that the French
Ministerial press repeatedly declared that there ex-
isted no intention on the part of their Government
to occupy, further than for a temporary purpose,
any part of Morocco; and that their sole object,
in persevering in their hostile operations was to
secure France from the repetition of aggressions
on her territory, the wantonness of which has
never for a moment been denied. The seizure
of the island of ,Mogadore by the Prince de
Joinville, for the purpose of facilitating his
operations against the town, was made the pre-
text for an imputation of bad faith to the French
Cabinet; and the English public was gravely in-
formed that unless it was forthwith evacuated, its
occupation would furnish a casus belli which it
would be impossible for Ministers to disregard.
Strange to say, the very journal in which this
preposterous doctrine was first broached (a journal
which, by the way, makes a vast pretence of the
authenticity of its foreign intelligence), is now as
busily employed in writing down the " alarmists,
who could see in this little island a whole king-
dom, and denounce its seizure as a casus belli !" nay,
even pretends to have suffered a martyrdom for the
vigour and constancy of its efforts in the cause
of peace Now all readers of newspapers must be
aware that it was the violence of this most pacific
journal (modified, afterwards, to be sure, like- the
roar of Bottom, to the gentleness of " the sucking
dove"), which helped to create the angry feeling
which has occasioned so much difficulty to the Go-
vernments of the two countries. The original
" roar" on the subject of Otaheite was hardly less
bellicose. We have no desire to remember the
" eccentricities" of our Contemporary; but that it
should now claim to have predicted an issue which it
did its best to prevent, is rather too absurd. When
others regarded war as imminent, we knew, or fancied
we knew, enough of the good sense and moderation
of the great majority of the people of both nations,
and the just and moderate views of their Govern-
ments, to enable us to predict with certainty that
no interruption of the general peace would
arise. We have seen nothing, throughout, in either
the untoward affair of Otaheite or the hostile ope-
rations of the French against Morocco, to warrant
any other conclusion. As for the bugbear of a French
occupation of Morocco, we showed that beside the
impolicy of the attempt because it could yield no
fruit, its success was a physical impossibility.
Had we denied all credit to the repeated and
emphatic assurances of the French Government, of
the sincerity of which, however, no reasonaMe
doubt could have been entertained, we should still
have predicted the same result. We have not
therefore, to learn, at this time of day, from our om-
niscient Contemporary, that " we are not likely to be
brought into a foolish war by Lord Aberdeen or by
M. Guizot." The willingness which France has dis-
played to fulfil her engagements in regard to Morocco,
could not have been more clearly illustrated than by
her recent offer to the Emperor of the same terms
as were dictated to him before the bombardment of
Tangiers and Mogadore and the brilliant victory of.
Isly ; without demanding a farthing by way of in-
demnity for the very great expense to which she
has been put by her land and sea expedi-
tions. When we add that even this evidence of
moderation did not earn for her the approval of
the war faction in this country, we may fairly claim
for the French Government that its motives should
not be disparaged, or its sincerity questioned, be-
cause of the blindly furious attacks of M. Thiers'
press on England. The object of the war parties in
both countries is purely selfish; for, although they
do their utmost to stimulate the prejudices of both
countries against each other, we doubt the sincerity
of the anger by which they profess to be instigated.
The aggrandisement of their party, which they look
for in the confusion inseparable from an European
war, is their prevailing motive ; for this purpose the
French Republican and Legitimatist are allied against
the Government, with the firm determination, should
they succeed in their primary object, forthwith to array
themselves against each other. The defeat of the
ultima spec of this unprincipled and traitorous faction
is, therefore, a subject of triumph not merely to the
French Government, but to every sincere advocate
for peace throughout Europe. All the conditions of
the treaty have, it appears, been accepted by the
Emperor of Morocco ; and there seems to be no
ground for the belief that the one which demands the
expulsion of Abd-el-Kader from his territories will
be insisted on too literally, if he evinces the disposi-
tion to fulfil it so far as its spirit and intention are
concerned.
GLOBE.—While every one else is looking with
expectation almost amounting to confidence, that the
Government must retire, discomfited and dismayed by
the pressure of difficulties which increase and
strengthen from every point, the Government oracle
is expatiating with delight on the peace and safety
which encircle it The only possible danger that
can arise proceeds from the strength of its po-
sition. Strength may lead to confidence ; con-
fidence may engender satisfaction and indolence;
and thus, the very source of security may-become
the cause of danger. Thus vaticinates the Ministe-
rial organ of the morn :—" We may be too confident
in our strength. With a large and growing majority
in Parliament—with an Opposition gradually waning
till there is danger of its sinking altogether out of
public regard—the Conservative party may become
satisfied and indolent, and fancy that there is nothing
more to be done. This would be a dangerous delusion.
We may be excused if our view of the Ministerial
position differs in some degree from the flattering opi-
nion thus boastfully put forth. We neither think the
Government so strong as is here affirmed; nor do we
think its policy so fraught with wisdom as the
enormous praises of our Contemporary seem to imply.
We are unreasonable enough to ask for proof. From
what quarter of the globe—from what department of
the Administration, can they draw the evidence on
which Ministers rest their claims to national confi-
dence ? India has been jeopardized by the Admi-
nistration of the Governor-General they selected
as their agent in that distant and critically-circum-
stanced empire ; and was only delivered from the
evils which perilled the empire, and the ruin which
threatened the finances of the East India Company, by
the firm interference of the Court of Directors, who
recalled him from his post. India was preserved from
great peril and danger, if not from the absolute estrange-
ment and confederated repudiation of British dominion
on the part of the native Princes—not by wisdom and
energy in the Ministers of the Crown, but in spite of the
absence of both in their policy towards that empire.
The firmness of the plain, practical men who constitute
the executive in Leadenhall-street, preserved the
British Empire in the East from the sad con-
sequences which would have ensued had the
" Brummagem Napoleon" continued to play his fan-
tastic tricks, and issue his mock Oriental proclama-
tions, to the alternate amusement and contempt of all
classes in that country. Lord Ellenborough's recal
—and the circumstances which preceded and attended
his recal—stamp his administration with disgrace,
and cover the Ministry which appointed him with
confusion. If we turn to the colonies, we find
dissatisfaction with the policy of Government per-
vading the population. Canada is unsettled.
South Australia sinks into poverty, and is loud in
her complaints of the neglect to which she is con-
signed. New Zealand is doomed to linger under
the effect of unfulfilled promises of aid ; the Colonial
Secretary is condemned by a Parliamentary Com-
mittee of his own selection. The West India planters
both in the colonies and at home, are recording
their dissatisfaction with the Government in reso-
lutions strongly condemnatory of the alterations
in the import duties on the produce of the islands.
Ireland is a sleeping volcano. The fires which burn
beneath her surface may burst forth in a moment,
and convulse the nation with apprehensions, and the
country in conflagration. The entire policy of Go-
vernment in that country has been frustrated. The
escape of O'Connell, by the reversal of the judgment
and the consequent stultification of the protracted
prosecution, has covered Ministers with defeat, and
filled them with dismay. The " difficulty" of go-
verning Ireland has now reached the verge of im-
possibility. Sir R. Peel's grand panacea has failed ;
and failed at the moment when complete success was
predicted from the experiment. What will Sir R. Peel
do now ? is on every lip,— and is depicted on almost
every countenance. The universal expectation is, that
be will acknowledge his incompetency to deal with the
difficulties, thus increased in number and multiplied
in force ; and will retire from the post he can no
longer maintain.

107
31%
66
456
110
163

:37
11*g

101%

21%
3
16
3
24
21X,
120
29%

19
18%
16S

5%
400

11. 131.

40s.
21s.
23%

44%
17
164
33
25
2534
1Z

75%
108%
'794

6g,
11
67

TIIE LONDON GAZETTE.
(THIS EVENING.)

DOWNING-STREET, SEPT. 14, 1844.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Thomas Nor-
ton, Esq. First Puisne Judge of British Guiana, to be
Chief Justice of Newfoundland.
FOREIGN-OFFICE, SEPT. 17.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Sir
Alexander Malet, Bart. now Secretary to her Majesty's
Embassy at Vienna, to be her Majesty's Envoy Extraor-
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of
Wurtemberg.
The Queen has also been graciously pleased to ap-
point Justin. Sheil, Esq., now Secretary to her Ma-
jesty's Legation and her Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires in
Persia, to he her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary to the Shah or Persia.
The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint
Arthur Charles Magenis, Esq., now Secretary to her
Majesty's Legation in Switzerland, to be Secrelary to her
Majesty's Embassy at Vienna.
Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire.
Prince Albert's Own Regiment of Leicestershire Yeo-
manry Cavalry-Cornet C. T. Freer to be Lieutenant,
vice Philips, resigned, Oct. 10; 1843 ; The Hon. E. S.
Buseell to be Cornet, vice Campde, promoted, Sept. 26,
1843 ; W. Marshall, Gent., to be Cornet, vice Marriott,
resigned, Nov. 6, 1843 ; G. W. Cradock, Gent., to be
Cornet, vice Freer, promoted, Nov. 6, 1843 ; C. S.
Burnaby. Gent., to be Cornet, vice Smith, resigned, Oct.
10, 1843 ; W. Brookes, Gent., to be Cornet, vice
Hazelrigg, resigned, Aug. 22, 1844 ; E. C. Middleton,
Gent. to be Paymaster. vice Phillips, resigned, Oct. 10,
1843.

is the value of Petra ,s and 39s to 42s per cwt other sorts.
For New Muscatel Raisins the rates asked are 95s for
boxes in layers; 515 s for and 61 for i-do, but at these
high rates there are no buyers.
RUM, BRANDY, AND ITOLLANDS.—For the low and mid-
dling qualities of Jamaica Rum previous rates are fully
sustained, and for good and fine kinds buyers have been
compelled to pay a further advance of Id to 2d per gall.
The home and export demand has been brisk, and the
total purchase amount to 280 puns since this day week ;
30 to 36 per cent over proof, fair quality, at 3s 9d to 3s
11d, 32 to 34 over good 3s 10d to 4s 3d. 32 to 36 over
fine 4s 6d to ss, 32 to 36 over superior 5s 3d to 5s 6d,
and 17 puns very fine high flavour of a favourite mark
at 8s 9d per gallon : of the latter sort the quantity at
market is. far from ample for the demand. Leewards
sold at 2s 5d to 2s sid per gallon proof • Demerara at
3s 2d to 3s 6d for good and fine. Calcutta Rum at 2s 3d
to 2s 3d for proof with certificate. The deliveries of West
India for exportation are 1,480 casks more than they were
lastyear, but for home consumption they are rather less.
of East India the home deliveries are 632 casks less than
they were last season, but for exportation 512 casks
larger ; the stock is 3,229 casks less than in 1643 to this
time. Brandy of common quality 2s lld to 3s 3d per
gallon. In the better sorts of Brandy the purchases
made have been trifling ; Cognac, best brands
of the vintage of 1838, hhds 5s 2d, puns 5s ; do
1839, hhds 6s, puns 45 10d, do 1840, hhds 4s I Id, puns
4s 9d; do 1841, hhds 4s 10d, puns 4s Id; do 1842, hhds
4s 7d, puns 4s sd, mid to good mid 3s 4d to 4s 2d per
per gallon: The accounts from France are highly satis-
factory for the vintage. Geneva is still wanted by shippers
at is 10d to-Is I Id, and for fine the home trade pay 2s 6d to
3s 6d per gallon. The value of English Corn Spirits is lOs 6d
per gallon cash.
To-day the transactions in Jamaica Rum were to a large
extent at very full rates ; the quantity sold amounted to
300 puns at 3s 10d to 4s 2d for 30 to 34 per cent over
proof ; Leewards are much wanted, and 2s 51d to 2s 6d
paid for proof : Demerara in increased request at the
former currency.
RICE—The market having been well supplied with
Bengal Rice has produced a decline in prices of 3d per
cwt, a good demand however has prevailed, and 2443
bags at auction were all disposed of ; small broken
white at lOs 6d to Its good middling sound
Its to I Is- 6d good bold cleaned by machinery
at Calcutta Its 6d and sea damaged 4s to lOs 6d
per cwt. Of Foreign East India Rice several parcels
have been sold privately,' bull not at better prices :
Madras yellow fetching 8s 3d to 8s 6d ; Java white 9s to
I Is, and yellow 8s to 9s per cwt. For cleaned Rice
there-is at present not much demand ; 21s to 27s is the
value of Caroline; and 13s to 17s per cwt for Patna.
This afternoon the few parcels of East India Rice dis-
posed of privately were rather under those previously
quoted.

SALTPETRE.—Rough is not much wanted at present
by shippers or the home trade, and by private contract
little business has been transacted, but holders will not
submit to any decline in prices. English refined has
moved off slowly at 29s 6d to 30s per cwt.
INDlGO.—Although the accounts received from Cal-
cutta are favourable for the Indigo crop, still holders
here manifest firmness, and supply the market sparingly;
parcels cannot -be purchased, excepting at prices fully
equal to those of the last quarterly sale ; indeed, picked
lots are fetching a small advance.
Ons.--Cocoa Nut Oil has met with increased atten-
tion, but holders have not been able to obtain any ad-
vance in prices; At auction, Cochin China sold at 28s 6d
to 29s per cwt for fine quality, being the former worth.
Palm at 24s 9d to 26s 3d per cwt for low to good.
The market is in a dull state for Linseed Oil, and
prices are still going down sales on the spot
having been made at 23s 6d to 23s 9d per cwt.
Rape Oil, pale at 35s 6d to 365, and brown 34s 6d to 35s
per cwt. Olive. Oil at 451 to 461 for Gallipoli, 421 to 44/
for Spanish, and 401 to 411 per tun for Barbary. Fish
Oils at 341 10s to 34115$ for pale Seal, 33115 s to 34/ for
Cod, and at 281 to 321 per ton for Southern t • none has
been offered at auction. Prices are not higher for Sperm;
Fine. British is 851 to 86/, and American 821 to 83/ per
tun. This afternoon for Linseed Oil, an extensive busi-
ness was transacted at stiffer rates.

TALLOW.—The market has been in a quiet state for
Russian Tallow, and there is generally more inclination
on the part of the merchants to realise. There has been
only &limited demand for P.Y. Candle on the spot, 41s
to 4ls 3d accepted for old, and 4ls 6d to 41s 9d per cwt for
new quality. For delivery the transactions have been ex-
tremely limited, and there are sellers at 41s 9d for the last
three months of the year. The public sales of Tallow,
however went at full rates r 549 pkgs South American
were mostly sold at 37s 3€l to 42s 6d 10 pkgs North 41s
3d to 41s 6d ; 93 pkgs East India 41s to 42s 9d, 49 *asks
New South Wales 35s 9d to 41s 9d, and 17 casks of
Italian 41s 3d to 41s 6d per cwt. Town Tallow has
been readilydisposed of at 41s per cwt, nett cash. The
supply is still small '

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.
MUTINY AT ICHABOE.
By a letter received at Llyod's, from their agent at
Bristol, it appears that advices had been received by the
writer, from Icliaboe, of the 6th July last, from which it
appears that serious disturbances had occurred amongst
a portion of the 'vessels loading with guano, and that se-
veral parties had been put in irons and forwarded to St.
Helena. The officers selected by the Committee
appointed by Captain Brooks, of her Majesty's steam-
ship Thunderbolt, to form a judicial body, had elected
Captain Albert Hancock, of the Victoria, Commodore,
who deemed it advisable, the island being in a state of
mutiny, to send to the Cape for the assistance of a man-
of- war. The brig. Canning had been dispatched for that
purpose. The number of vessels loading at the date of
the Jotter above-mentioned, is represented to have been
between seventy and eighty, and the origin of the dia.
turbances was from the new-comers at tempting to take pre.
cedence of previous arrivals in the loading of the vessels,
EAST INDIA SHIPPING.
Thomas Blytb, Hay, from Mauritius, in the Downs,
sailed June 9 ; Caledonia, Liddell, from New South
Wales, in the Downs, 'sailed May 12; Norwood, Gales,
from- Algol' Bay, in the Downs, sailed June 20, St.
Helena, July 12; Ann, Wilson, from Bengal, in the
Downs, sailed April 5, St. Helena, July 12; Jumna,
Kerr, from Bengal, at Liverpool, sailed May 3, St.
Helena, July 25; W. and M. Brown, Bunton, from
Bengal, at Gravesend, sailed April 15.
Arrivals at St. Helena-Josephine, Smith, July 24,
from Singapore; Lyra, Fisher, from coast of Africa;
her Majesty's ship Alert, from coast of Africa; Canton,
Gitunson, from China and Cape; Sultana and Selina,
from Port Beaufort ; Philantrope, from Batavia to
Bordeaux.
Departures from St. Helena-Carolina, Johanna,
July 24, to Amsterdam; Wave and Hune Laing, to Cork;
Josephine, to Liverpool; North Pole, 25th, to Cork.
Arrival at Batavia-Nereid, Grant, June 5, from
Macao, and would load for London.
Arrivals at Sidney.-Waterlily, May 7 ; Thomas
Lord and Shamrock, 7th ; Tryphena, sth ; Star of
China and Marian, Watson, 9th-all from New Zealand.
DepartureS from Sidney-Jane, Fowler, Apue, 28th,
to whaling ; Dorset, 30th ; Adelaide, Ranger, May 2,
Dort Nelson ; her Majesty's
stohip
; Coquette, to Port Philip ;
Mars, 3d, to whaling ; Mary Ann, to Launceston ;
AuTckhlaainiad, .;
to Dawson,otah ie to
Emma, to Adelaide and Port Fairy ' • Union, to Mauri-
tius ; Tobago, 6th, to Port Philip ; her Majesty's ship
North Star, 10th, to Hobart Town.
Arrival at New Plymouth, New Zealand-Theresa,
Bacon, from London.
Departure, from Madras-Madura, Smith, July 17, to
London.
Arrival at Penang-Robin Hood, Gray, May 11, from
Mauritius.
Departure from Macao-Marmion, May 10, to Cork,
for orders.
Arrivali at Singapere--Caledonia, June 12, and sailed
15th ; Drongon, 15th, 'and sailed 17th ; F. Mobarrach,
20th', and sailed 22d ; Shaw Allurn, Page, and Prince of
Wales, Jones, 23d, and sailed 26th-all from Bombay to
China ; Venus, 13th, from Swan River, and sailed 22d
to Swan River ; Express steamer, 13th, from Calcutta,
and sailed 22d to Rio ' • Margaret Poynter, M'Pherson,
14th, from Batavia, and sailed, 27th, to Manilla ; Kelpie,
15th, from China ' • Faize Allum, 16th, from Calcutta,
and sailed, Mb, toChina China; Comte de Paris 16th, from
Penang ; Audax, 17th, from China, and sailed, 19th, to
Calcutta ; Bally Racket, 18th, from Bailey ; Samdang,
from Penang ; Chilena, 19th, from Glasgow ; Earl of
Liverpool, from Bristol ; Danish Oak, 23d, from Pondi-
cherry ; Sophia Frazer,' 25th, from Calcutta ' • Express
steamer, 23d, from Rio ; her Majesty's ship Sapphire,
24th, from Ceylon, and sailed to China ; Wigeon, from
Penang, and sailed. 25th, to China ; Royal Sovereign
steamer, from Penang.
Departures from Bingapore-F. Cowasjee and An-
tares,- June 12, to China ; Swift, 13th ; Guess, 14th, to
Amoy; Kelpie, 15th, to Calcutta; Mungo Park, 15th,
to Batavia ; Harriet-, 19th, to Amoy. ; Superior, 20th, to
Liverpool ; Malvin a
Bitang, 22d, to If 21st, to Batavia ; Syria, to Cork ;
ong-Kong ; Emanuel, to Macao ;
Chilena, 25th, to Peneng.
Arrivals at Colombo-Jessie, July 5, from Mauritius,
and sailed to London ; Forfarshire, 7th, from Bombay,
and sailed, 10th, to Tutucoreen ; Charles Forbes, 11th,
from Bombay, and sailed 12th, to Tutucoreen ; Pearl,
18th, from Galle.
Departures from Colombo-Symmetry, July 6, to
London.
Arrivals at Galle-Orator, June 25, from Colombo ;
Grange, July 17;
and Water Witch, from Mauritius.
Arrivals--Marchioness of Bute, from Bombay. Off
Falmouth, Salshean from China, at Liverpool.

. --,-.......
SMUGGLING ON A LARGE SCALE.—Much excite-
ment was produced at Hull on Wednesday by a startling
discovery. While the Ellen Crawford, Captain Newby,
from Hamburgh, lying in the Junction Dock, was de-
livering shoddy and .. devil's-dust," a quantity of tobacco
was found in one of the bales of the hold. On further
search, two otherbales, in the hold and one upon the quay,
which had passed the landing-waiter's'scales, were found
to be in the smile condition. The discovery was made
by a tide-waiter named Holmes, who gave information
to his superior officer, Tide-surveyor Gleadow, by whom
the vessel, cargo, and crew were immediately placed
under seizure. The quantity of tobacco found was 4
cwt., 3 qrs., 241 b., the whole of which was, we under-
stand,'manufactured, and of the finest quality. So badly
had the concealment been made, that the first bale in
which any was found actually fell to pieces in the hold.
But for thateireumstance, it is probable the whole would
have escaped, as one bale had already passed the land-
ing-waiter.---Rull Packet.
THE SEASON AND THE CROPS.—Very little of any-
thing in the shape of crops now remains to be got in in
this neighbourhood ; a few backward crops of oats or
barley may remain unhoused, but they are very few.
Second crops of
have been cut here and taere, and 1
also the first grass in the East-croft, which is always I
late. One or two nights this week have been rather
frosty. This change
is described in our locality by the
frequent exclamatkon, "It begins to swell Goon Fairish." '
...Nottingham Review, 1

ACADEMY .OF SCIENCES.
SITTING OF SEPTEMBER 9.
M. Arago made some remarks on the comet disco-
vered at Rome on the 22d ult., and observed at the
Paris Observatory in the nights of the 2d, 3d, 4th,
7th, and Bth of the present month. The elements
of this comet have been calculated at Paris by
M. Goujon, who found that its distance at the
perihelium was 1.27433. This comet has a strong
resemblance to that perceived in 1585 by Tycho-
Brahe, and calculated by Halley. It is true
that the distance of that comet was found to
be 1.09358, but this difference is not fatal to the
identity. The comet of 1585 was equal to Jupiter in
size, but much less brilliant; it was neither tailed nor
bearded. The comet discovered on the 22d ultimo
has a very brilliant nucleus. M. Selligues, who
lately reported to the Academy his discovery of a
new and important motive power as a substitute for
steam, and which consists in the admixture of atmo-
spheric air with hydrogen gas, by which an
explosion is produced, made another communica-
tion at this sitting, from which it appears that the
detonating power ceases under pressure. This strange
phenomenon has proved an obstacle to the experi-
ments of M. Selligues before the Committee ap-
pointed by the Academy; bat he is about to trace
the cause, and remove the obstacle. Notwith-
standing the difficulties which have interposed
themselves, M. Arago has convinced himself of
the importance of the discovery, and has reported
to the Academy that, with so small a quantity
as three to five litres of hydrogen gas, mixed
with atmospheric air, a weight of 1,000 kilo-
grammes was raised to the height of three
feet. The advantages of M. Selligue's invention,
if it can be brought into practical use, will
be very great; for the apparatus for the production
of hydrogen gas will occupy much less room, and cost
less money than steam-boilers, and the stowage re-
quired for fuel, which is now the great obstacle to
long voyages, will be dispensed with. The space now
assigned for the store of coals may be used for mer-
chandise, and, consequently, the transport of
both merchandise and passengers could be effected
at a cheaper rate. M. Arago requested the
Academy to add MM. Binet and Cauchy to
the Committee appointed to report upon the system
of railroads invented by the Marquis de Jouffroy.
The request was immediately complied with. The
Committee now consists of MM. Arago, Piobert,
Dupenoy, Binet, and Cauchy. M. Longet read
an account of a series of experiments, made by
himself and M. Mateucci, on the action of electricity
on the nervous system. Their experiments confirm
all those made by Mr. Charles Bell on this subject.
A communication was received from M. Pappen-
heim, Professor of the University of Breslau, on the
diseases of the fibrous system. Having remarked
on the diseases of the system, although it was supposed
that many of the parts which constitute it were without
nerves, he commenced an investigation, and with the aid
of the microscope discovered a great number of nerves
in the cellular tissue. They envelope or are always
connected with arteries, but never with veins. A paper
was received from M. Guyon, head physician of the
army in Africa, on the race of men called Cagots,
who were described by him in a former paper as
'perpetuating in the Pyrenees the ancient Goths, who at
different periods were driven to these mountains as
places of refuge. The anatomical distinction of the
Cagots, says M. Guyon, is the form of the ear, which
is round, and without lobule. A great number of
these persons are cretins; but this infirmity is
owing to their residence in deep valleys, and to
the miserable life that they lead there. As a
race, the men are of a high stature, and
exceedingly well made. A letter was read from M.
Schultz, of Berlin, correcting a popular error as
to the action of planets upon the atmosphere. It has
hitherto been generally believed that planets decom-
pose the carbonic acid of the air that surrounds
them ; M. Schultz, however, declares, from the ex-
periments that he has made on the m.ubject, that the
oxygen which they produce is not supplied by a
decomposition of the air, hut by the different acids
which they contain, and which are derived from
the earth.

THE ROBBERY OF PLATE AT
THE COVE OF CORK BY LIEUT. PUDDI-
COMBE.
The officers of the Marine force stationed at Spike
Island, of which force Lieut Puddicombe is a member,
have addressed the following letter to Capt. Warren :
" Lieut.-Col. Burton, and the officers of the battalion
of Royal Marines serving in Ireland, beg, individually
and collectively, to convey to Captain Warren the ex-
pression of their indignation at the reported conduct of
one of their brother officers, Lieut. Puddicombe. for
whose infamous violation of every principle of hospita-
lity and hoaor in Captain Warren's house, on a recent
occasion, they blush with shame.
" But while the Lieutenant-Colonel and officers de-
plore, and repudiate in the highest degree, the scandalous
act with which Lieutenant Puddicombe stands charged,
they feel that they cannot in any way be identified with
it ; nor can they admit that the character of their corps
is, in the remotest possible manner, affected by the op-
probrious misdeeds of an unworthy member ; and the
Lieutenant-Colonel and officers rest satisfied that Cap-
tain Warren will fully enter into, and participate in their
feelings, and concur with them in the view which they
have taken of the circumstances of this lamentable affair.
"It only remains for the Lieutenant-Colonel and
officers to intimate to Captain Warren their intention to
see such measures immediately adopted, as will remove
Lieutenant Puddicombe from her Majesty's service ; and
the Lieutenant-Colonel and officers beg Captain Warren
will hare the kindness to allow them to make good the
articles of plate that have been abstracted.
" Head-Quarters, Spike Island, 10th Sept., 1844."
The following particulars relative to ,the accused
are given in the Cork Constitution:—
" The name of the accused is Robert Bruce Puddi-
combe, a First Lieutenant in the Royal Marines, who
has been stationed for some time at Haulbowline
Island in charge of the supernumerary force attached
to the flag-ship of Rear-Admiral Sir Hugh Pigot, in
command of the Irish squadron. On ref rence to
Haultaine's "New Navy List," Mr. Puddicombe appears
to have entered the service the 20th February, 1834, and
his commission as First Lieutenant bears date the 26th
August, 1838. It is said that he became attached to the
force when but sixteen years of age, and, therefore, has
merely entered on his 27th year. He is a member
of a highly respectable family residing in Devonshire. On
Monday morning he was put under close arrest, a sentinel
being placed upon his room door. In the course of the
day it was intimated to a magistrate at Cove that it
would be prudent to have the prisoner removed in to the
custody of the civil power, and in the course of the even-
ing Robert Holmes Esq., J. P., accompanied by head-con-
stable Roe, and two other police officers, went to the island,
and took the prisoner to Cove and placed him in the Con-
stabulary station, where he remained for the night. The
following morning (Tuesday) he was taken to the Petty
Session Court, where an investigation took place, which
resulted in informations being sworn against the pri-
soner, who is to be tried before the Assistant Barrister
at the East Riding Sessions, which takes place in this
city on Monday week.

RARE AVES.—Two extraordinarily curious speci-
mens of freaks of nature amongst the feathered tribe
have been—one captured, the other shot—in the fields
hard by this town (Louth), during the past week. They
are, although of different species, purely white. The
first, to use an Iricisin, is a white blackbird ! which was
discovered by Mr. Paddison, shoemaker, of this town,
who, with assistance, succeeded in running down and
capturing it. It is now in Mr. P.'s possession, a young
and remarkably beautiful bird. The other, a milk-white
sparrow! which was shot by Mr. Would Elvin, of Louth
Park-buildings, in a field near the mansion of G. Hol-
land, Esq., at the Park. The shot did not take fatal
effect, and the pretty natural curiosity is now caged and
doing well in Mr. Elvin's possession. The two have
been much admired by those who have a taste bent
towards such curious matters.—Lincolnshire Chronicle.
THE GREAT BRITAIN.--It is with feelings of un
common pleasure that we are enabled to announce to our
readers, upon undoubted authority, that arrangements
are in progress for the release of this magnificent vessel
from her present untoward situation, and that she may
be expected to be floated out of the harbour either in the
ensuing month of October or the early part of November.
It would be premature to state the nature of the arrange-
ments about to be made, but the above statement may be
implicitly relied on.—Bristol Mirror.
LAUNCH OF THE FLORA.--This splendid frigate was
launched on Wednesday last. She is built after draw-
ings by Sir W. Symonds, surveyor of the navy, and is a
sister ship to the Pique, now in the West Indies—is
1,622 20.94 tons burthen, and pierced for 36 guns.
Notwithstanding that there are few or no preparations
for the launch of a ship of this size, the attendance was
very numerous, and the utmost desire was evinced by
the officers of the establishment to afford the public
every possible attention and accommodation. A large
party of fashionables were present, and the ceremony of
christening of the ship was performed by Miss Ccch-
rane, niece of the worthy Admiral of the port. On this
occasion, the bottle was encircled in a garland of flowers.
At 3.30 the signal was given, and the vessel glided off
the slip amidst the loud acclamations of the assembled
multitude. The Flora is to be immediately taken into
dock to have her bottom coppered.—Devonport Telegraph.
ADVANCE OF WAGES.—We understand that some
of the master spinners of this town have given notice to
their hands of the intention to give them an advance
upon the present prices, and there is every probability
that it will lead to a general advance in the wages of the
spinning and card-room hands. We cannot learn that
there is at present any intention of raising the wages of
the weavers.—Preston Guardian.
BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, SEPT. 13.—Our market
continues steady, hut not active ; about 350 hhds. and
tierces West India have been disposed of since our last
report, at very full prices-555. and 68s. may be consi-
dered as the extremes of the market. In Bengals and
Mauritius the transactions are unimportant. Refined
goods have advanced is. per cwt.—E. Lstol Mercury.
THE LARGEST STATUE IN EUPOPE.—The summit
of Banvraggie, in Sutherlandshire, is crowned by the
colossal monument erected by the Sutherland tenantry
to the memory of the late Duke. A statue thirty feet
high, and containing eighty tons of stone, stands on a
pedestal Seventy-five feet in height. The figure, we be-
lieve, is an excellent likeness, end forms the largest
statue in Europe.—Scotsman.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.

ADDRESS FROM THE MEMBERS OF THE NA-
TIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PROMOTING
THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL IMPROVE-
MENT OF THE PEOPLE, TO THE WORKING
CLASSES OF FRANCE, ON THE SUBJECT
OF WAR.
BRETHREN,—By this title we presume to address
you—for, though the ocean divides, just principles
and mutual interest should unite us—and though, at
this crisis, bad men would foster prejudices and strife
between us, the spirit of Christian brotherhood should
recal us to our duty; and cause us to spurn all those
who would urge us to break every moral obligation,
and plunge our respective countries into a ferocious
and devastating war.
We are, for the most part, working men who now
address you—men who, intent on the political and
social improvement of our brethren, conceive we have
some claim to the attention of those of our own class
upon any subject of mutual and vital importance ;
and considering war as paramount for evil, in its de-
moralizing effects, as well as for retarding the intel-
lectual, moral, and physical progress of mankind ; we
deem it our duty to invite you, fellow men, in the
spirit of fraternity, to a calm consideration of its evils,
as respects ourselves, our countries, and our race : and
would urge your co-operation in appealing to the
higher and nobler feelings of our brethren, to devise
means for extinguishing this destructive spirit, which
has cursed our race from the beginning of time.
We are induced to make this appeal to you, the
Working Classes of France, in particular, as the war-
like spirit has of late been sought to be fomented be-
tween us, by those who have either party views to
promote, exclusive interests to protect, or who, like
vultures, hope to thrive on the carnage of war.
The press, too, of both countries, with few excep-
tions, for some time past has, unhappily, been admi-
nistering to our combative feelings ; and by sallies of
wit, boastings and threatenings, seeking to fan our
old (and, we trust, never to be revived) animosities
into a flame of destructive war. Nay, to the disgrace
of those who shared in it, we have seen professed fol-
lowers of Him who preached forgiveness and mercy
vindictively inciting those they could influence, to re-
venge the real or supposed insult to an individual by
plunging whole nations into war.
The prevalence of this insane conduct has caused us
to appeal to you, the working millions—you, by
whose industry the munitions of war must be raised
—you, who are mainly selected to be the tools and
instruments of warfare—you, who must perform the
bidding of some aristocratic minion, were it to war
against freedom abroad, or to exterminate your bro-
thers at home—you, who have most cause for lament-
ing the sacrifices and bereavements of war—you, who
must bear (and are now bearing) the burthens in
peace which past wars have inflicted—to you we ap-
peal, who, with the working millions of England,
must bear the brunt and sacrifices of war—and of
you we ask for a verdict condemnatory of the strife
which the parties we have alluded to are seeking to
foment.
We address you, the working classes, because we
believe that the interests of our class are identified
throughout the world. Our interests are evidently in
the peaceful cultivation of our lands, the feeding of our
flocks, the ingenuity and extent of every manufacture
and production capable of administering to human hap •
piness, the reciprocal interchange of our commodities,
the full enjoyment of the fruits of our labour, the culti-
vation of freedom, intellect, morality, religion, and
brotherly affection among all the nations of the earth
—in all these we believe there is an identity of inte-
rests; and when the majority of our brethren have
knowledge to perceive it, the advocates of national
strife wilt be few, and the trade of war will fail to bring
either glory, honour, or fame.
Can men so readily forget the enormous expenditure
of money, and immense sacrifice of life, wasted in the
last wars between your country and our's, that they are
so anxious to renew them ? The revolutionary war
and the war against the empire have already cost Eng-
land 2,229,830,0001., and the destruction of more than
700,000 human beings! and if to this amount we add
the sacrifices made by your country, we should imagine
that such a holocaust of life and wealth. sacrificed to
the demon of war, sufficient to glut the sanguinary
appetites of men to all posterity. Does not every
generous mind already revolt at the record of blood
between two nations said to be foremost in civilisation
and refinement ? and shall the page of history be fur-
ther defiled with the atrocities of war between people
who ought to lead the world to freedom, by their in-
tellectual and moral greatness ? Forbid it every
tongue I—condemn it every mind devoted to human
happiness !
Imagine, fellow-workmen, that the wealth and
human energies sacrificed in our last wars had been
devoted to the instruction, comfort, and happiness
of our neglected, ill-used, and' unhappy fellow-
labourers, what imperishable and glorious results
might now be realised. What schools, what colleges,
what smiling, happy villages, might be covering the
soil beneath which repose the dust of beings once
madly incited against their fellows, to glut the ven-
geance, or gratify the vanity, of those the world is
still taught to worship as " heroes."
We would also direct your attention to the amount
annually expendsd by our respective countries in con-
sequence of the demoralising spirit of war. The
annual war expenditure of England is 14,513,9161.;
of France, 20,418,7301.; an enormous amount an-
nually drained from the sinews of our brethren, and
used to enslave and degrade them. Yet the only
excuse for this mischievous and useless warlike array,
is the mutual fear or jealousy entertained by one
country of another; mutual folly, which it is high
time the common sense of our brethren condemned
and scouted, not only as a pernicious waste of the
fruits of their industry, but as.an instrument for per-
petuating national feuds and political slavery. If
England and France were to set an example to the
world of two powerful nations united in amity, rely-
ing on the interests, energies, and affections of their
people to repel all who dared :assail them, we should
soon witness the holiest of all national alliances, one
for promoting the peace and happiness of the world.
But those who would excite your prejudices, re-
mind you of the evils which our country has in-
flicted on France. They condemn our rapacity and
lust of power—they point with jealousy to our colo-
nies, and with envy to the extent of our com-
merce ; and, for past ills, would fain invoke present
retaliation.
Now, fellow-men, we are not of these who would
frame an apology for injustice, and we also condemn,
and have the burden of our debt to remind us of, the
monstrous injustice of warring against the rising
liberties of your country. We have also great cause
for lamenting all the wars which our aristocracy
have waged for the preservation of " their order," or
for providing nesting-places for their children and
dependants ; and would greatly rejoice if every colony
of England were self-governed, and attached to us
by no other tie than that which should unite all
countries—that of enlightened self-interest, and the
brotherhood of man. We class our late wars in
China and Affghanistan with the war you are now
waging in Algeria, as unjust wars ; the power of
might being immorally exercised in all, as it always
is when force and destruction take the place of reason
and justice.
But our object is not the mere condemnation of par-
ticular wars, but of all war ; believing war in prin-
ciple to be vengeance in practice—a vice equally op-
posed to our morality and condemned by our religion ;
its tendency is to deteriorate the nobler faculties of
man, and strengthen those which level him with the
brute. It stands the most formidable impediment to
the civilisation of our race, rendering nearly nugatory
the best-devised efforts for elevating humanity; for,
by polluting the youthful mind with tales of blood, by
stamping public approbation on deeds of vengeance,
and idolising as heroes those who have excelled in

crime, we sap the very foundations of virtue, and offer.
the highest premium to vice.
Be assured, fellow-men, the evils of our age cannot
be remedied by the sword; the steady increase of
knowledge is the harbinger of freedom to the millions,
and individual and national morality must be the basis
upon which their political and social prosperity must
be founded. The arts of peace are fast
.preparing a
highway to the world's happiness; the ingenuity of
invention and triumphs of genius are fast breaking
clown the barriers which separate nations • gothic pre-
judices are yielding before human sympathies ' • the pro-
ductive classes are fast learning the lesson of human
reciprocity ; and, eventually, the freedom of nations
will be placed on a foundation not to be endangered
by official folly, or destroyed by the whim of a despot.
And shall this promise of good be marred by the
ill-intentioned or unreflecting ? by those who plan
battles on paper, and prefer fighting by proxy ; who
talk of national " honour" being purified by blood ;
who invoke the specious name of " glory" to induce
our brethren to leave their peaceful pursuits, their
homes and relatives, to deal destruction and death
against those who have given them no just cause for
resentment? Let but the united voices of the mil-
lions proclaim it madness, and the civilisation of the
world is secure.

Unhappily for the cause of peace and human pro-
gress, State and Church are combined in favour of

war. 11'e have seen your Bishops and our's bless its
flags and symbols! invoke the Deiety for its success,
and pour out their thanksgivings for victory ! But,
fellow. workmen, though the highest authority may
sanction, it cannot establish the justice of crime. The

principles of religion and morality stand out broadly
in condemnation of war, and to these we would refer

you, against all power, and all authority.
In furtherance, then, of this sacred cause—in the
spirit of brotherhood—in our love of peace and hatred
of war, we respectfully submit the following proposi-
tions for your consideration, amendment, or approval ;
hoping that they may form a preliminary bond of fel-
lowship, to unite us for every good object tending to
advance the intelligence, morality, freeedom, and hap-
piness of mankind :
, That we, the w9sking chases of France and

England, respectfully present our different 1 •
bodies with a solemn protest against all want
in principle opposed to morality, religion, sne
happiness.
" 2. That we request them to use their ,
with the nations of the world to establisl"
ference of Nations, to be composed of three ghtei
representatives, chosen by the people of t
spective countries, to meet annually, for the 4'.
of settling all national disputes that mai
arbitration, without having recourse to war.
" 3. That we urge on them to devote tl°
mous sums now expended in war and warp).
rations to the education and improvement Ott
of their respective countries. .„I
"4. That we impress on them the necessty,,
ting an example to other nations of thatios„
bearance, morality and religion which they
the necessity of to their own people.
" 5. That we earnestly beseech them ier
bounds of justice to their acquisitions of territlt,
seek to amend their institutions, and improve'
dit.ion of their people."
Should you concur with these propositions,
others more effective for the just and peaceful
plishment of the object aimed at, we shall No
to co-operate with you; excepting that wed° of
sire to enter into any new agitation short ofe
mary object—The Political and Social TlnPr°
of the People.
But it is not on our rulers alone that sce
rely for support or sympathy in this great 06
on our own combined intellectual exertions'ot,
have too long relied on others for effecting
to
litical and social redemption ; each and all
bour in this grand work, and every individ
L.
be religiously impressed with the necesssity
tion and sacrifice to effect it. The increasing ,P
of knowledge is rendering opinion powerful,
lies with the millions to make that opinion 01,
of good to themselves and posterity. Let Its,
fore, brethren, begin by directing our own,
to the examination of great principles, lna
proclaim them bad or good, regardless of "•
to ourselves.
If, on examining • the principles of peace aid
we think the former should be extended, and_„t
condemned, we should commence our refin,s
source of pollution, and begin with our childred
should remember that the warlike tales sad 114
the nursery are the seeds of strife and battle.L
our admiration of warlike splendour and gory
is fitting instruction for moulding our sons into
slaves or tyrant chieftains.
Instead of stamping our approbation on the 00l
of War and Oppression, let us seek to generated
ennobling opinion in favour of those who hay!, 0
buted to the intellectual greatness or physical 10
ness of their country; then, indeed, would,ffibio
tribute her best efforts to elevate and dignifto
nity, instead of representing the mementos fr"
rors of war, to brutalize and degrade it.
..„,cof;
Nor must we, in our pursuit, forget the FL"
possess to render the Press one of the most P°
instruments for human benefit, instead of betee'
too often is, the ally of power and corruption. 0
wisely discriminate, and generously encourlef,'
portion of it which maintains its exalted ellarsand,
the proclaimer of truth and assertor of rights ';00'
shall we gradually lead it onward to Per ipslo
highest duties—the improvement of huniall
tions, the perfecting of human character. AO
Sincerely hoping that your country and une#
long he cemented in fellowship ; that our
unitedly seek to secure the peace and trancl res/
the world ; that our rulers may effect time!, oft
and apply the vast resources of our fair conno,
the happiness of our brethren ; and that we
fast progress in knowledge, morality and "boo
brotherhood, is the ardent hope of the weir
the National Association.

Signed on their behalf, by ,„
w. LOVETII
National Hall, 242, Holborn, London,
Sept. 10, 1844.

116;f
MEDICAL REFORM.—CAUTION.—The t
di4
case of fraud which appears in the Lancet of laspol
day, at page 767, is generally practised by o°o ,0
ing diplomas. We believe that that sort of gebniero
always provided with the precious piece of pare eord
a guarantee to their frauds. It is, indeed, 5 :tit
°,l
against Sir James Graham. No law can ever P. 4
such rascality, because doctors have no fixed Pr°
,14
in medicine—have fixed principles, and theni°ti O)° fri
down quackery, whether practised by the rorso.;10
without a diploma.—lssued by Morison and no
the British College of Health, New-road, -IN:18410,
and on behalf of the body of Hygeists, Sept. Iv' r
We feel gratified in noticing the case
William Nicholas, who has received her MajesL°A
' ri
pardon after having been sentenced to ten 07
transportation upon a conviction for forgery kb
last Winchester Assizes. We learn that 31r- ""i 11i
was charged by his brother-in-law, Mr. Georg or,
of Godshill, near Fordingbridge, with hakvi°§4
five years' ago forged the name of Elisabeth
his mother,- as the acceptor of a bill of exchange, 11,
Mr. Hood endorsed and ultimately' I)ai ' •
Nicholas is unable to write and the circ et
tuoto
which gave rise to William Nicholas's aPPrebrner
was that of his mother's having at the talnel 6
ceptance became payable denied giving any ate"to her son to accept the same ; she has, howeverNA
quently admitted, not only to Mr. Nicholas, l
several other persons, that she did consent to ~14
cepting the bill in question, and that her reason fOr
ing it was, in fact, to avoid her legal respnnst
0
pay the amount of the draft, which would hart', A
r
her in pecuniary difficulties. We find thatoll
cholas for some years was engaged as & tl7;:fry
spirit merchant at Hythe, near Southampton, ;Ass!'
he experienced severe losses, and afterwards he'lloo.?,,
pointwent as a commercial traveller and o'llos
agent in a distillery and wine establishment i° f'ls
after which he became in adverse circumstances d,
loss of a large sum of Morey which he had enlb'"CoP
the purchase of shares in mining speculations Ihetirys
wall and Devon, and so great was his poverty *trot 0
of his committal to Winchester gaol, that he he
...tlOff
means of employing an attorney, and his case 0111,011:1
gone undefended if Mr. F. Caiger had not gratusbrp
prepared a defence, and paid his counsel, fr°lllrecei it
that the charge was unfounded. Mr. Nicholas {rod
the most prompt attention after the circanista°7;ol4l
case became known to her Majesty's Secretariy,rititios
and kind treatment from the governor and antuei try
the prison in London, to Is hich he was rem°. t
~/. Winchester.—Hampshire Independent. O.
1,40
" MORE EXTENSIVE FRAUDS ON THE ExCi
paragraph under this head appeared in the 1110401/4_,
the Ist instant. The article stated that a Inrgebe'?:/f
of tobacco had been effected by Mr. Marks, on t pro
raises of the well-known extensive firm of Messf::o,sl
and Co., situate in the Minories - and, indre°„l ell)
the matter had been settled by the parties psi;retlko
"conscience money." The statement has uPP. d ail
other London journals ; and we have ascertgliffte vo
there is no truth whatever in it. We need not 71:00
we are anxious to rescue so respectable a firm d th:t,
imputation thus intended to be cast upon it ; 51,31
as far as we are concerned, we can an future ci
with the services of the reporter.— Weekly DiSrantitla
AMERICAN HAL—A very considerable (Itl iii a,P"
hay, the produce of the United States, arrive"ostol
port in the course of last week, and is now in the „044
'The Samuel Hicks, which arrived in the early POll
the week, brought 285 bales, and the New YonotrA
arrived on Thursday, brought 192 bales. 01,.,e 4 iir,l
importation was announced for sale on Friday "I.fire,,
the quay, but the weather prevented the atteew.
buyers. The The second cargo will be offered to-dtp" till
hay appears coarse and of a heavier ualiv thecoe4
grown in this country, and whether twill —,,cie
regular article of commerce is questionable, par- ,
in good native seasons.—Liverpool paper.
...in 1/!`4
PORTRAITS BY HER MAJESTY.--MT. Br° L'' -,,,,' 0v.,,
geon to the royal household, has recently been ''''o, tiri
with two very valuable presents from the Quee_.,.6; 00
two portraits of the Princess Royal, in water-colow rot,
cuted by the Queen herself. One of these 1:!°,0
)1i
(both of which are described as admirable likenesls oil
taken by the Queen when the Princess Royal i: god
four months old, and the other just before behopih
Highness had attained her first year.-116 . A
Advertiser.