The Sun.
London, England, 1844-11-12 00:00:00

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ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
The TRANSFORMATIONS of PROTEUS will be Illustrated
by the PROTEOiCOPE for the first time on Monday, Nov. 11, and
continued with other novelties during the week. The PHYSIOSCOPE,
OPA QUE MICROSCOPE, HYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE,
DIVING-BELL and DIVER, DISSOLVING VIEWS, Dr. RYAN'S
LECTURES on ACID POISONS and their ANTIDOTES daily, and
in the Evenings of Monday, Weanesday, and Fridays. Professor
BACIIIIOFFNER'S varied Lectures abound in interesting experi-
ments.

PUBLICATIONS.

of what he intended to express was this: that he had
been suspected of writing a letter in a newspaper, re-
specting the state of the regiment, some two or three
years ago, and that he had ever since undergone such
unremitting persecution, as rendered life intolerable,
and he therefore, by the commission of this crime,
hoped for death, as a termination to his sufferings.
He did not name any one as his persecutor, but in-
tended merely to remind the court, that rational beings
were not in the habit of acting as he and others had
done, without some cause. This man was sentenced
to eight years' imprisonment with hard labour, and a
month's solitary confinement every four months.
Had private H-- committed suicide, instead of
making a show of striking his captain for the purpose
of being put to death, a coroner's inquest would, I
think, have returned a verdict of temporary insanity.
It is notorious that this man sought death as a release
from continued suffering.
Flogging has been long the principal secondary
punishment in the British army. In are early part of
the last century it was inflicted by means of rods, and
by hired executioners ; but that mode having fallen
into disuse, the present system was adopted, namely,
by drummer with the cat-of-nine-tails. During the
rebellion in Scotland in 1745, the cat was much em-
ployed by the army, to extort evidence, as well as to
punish soldiers. 'We learn by the Jacobite memoirs,
that a sentry, who had been convicted of allowing a
prisoner to escape, received 500 lashes with it.
The punishment of flogging has been employed
and defended, apparently as if it were calculated to
expiate or atone for crimes. Flagellation was no
doubt approved by public opinion, so long as it was in
accordance with the prevalent religious ideas. The
Church pointed out corporal inflictions as a means of
salvation ; and the repentant sinner believed, that by
penance and bodily suffering, he should recover peace
of conscience.
Corporal inflictions were not then disgraceful, they
being considered to possess an expiatory character.
But this belief in the efficacy of flagellation and se-
vere fasts has long disappeared. Public opinion in
our day brands the punished criminal with an almost
indelible disgrace ; and perhaps the degrading cha-
racter of corporal punishment is more sensibly felt in
the army than in civil life, owing to the circumstance
that it is exclusively inflicted on private soldiers.
Even those who defend the suitableness of flogging as
a punishment, practically admit the degrading cha-
racter of the infliction, by refusing to take a whipped
offender into the public service ; he is also liable to be
refused employment in civil life. By this means,
Prince Oscar inquires, "Is there not thus formed aclass
of Pariahs, or modern outlaws, who are obliged to
consider themselves as being in a continued state of
warfare with society ?"
For a long time the cat-of-nine-tails has not been
used in the British army except by the sentence of a
court-martial, and in the presence of a medical officer.
At what particular date the formality of a court-mar-
tial became essentially necessary, I have not learned.
In a general order, which was issued in Canada on
the 14th of November, 1759, it was announced that
"any soldier that is found drunk will receive twenty
lashes per day, until he owns where he got the liquor ;
and his allowance of rum will be stopped for six
weeks."—(" Historical Journal of the Campaign in
North America," by Capt. Knox, vol. ii., p. 206.)
No court-martial seems to have been required in
carrying the above punishment into effect ; and it is
obvious that the cat was to be used as an instrument
of torture, with the view of extracting evidence.
Until 1837, there was no limitation to the extent of
the sentence of a general court-martial ; " bounds
were not set to show the maximum of punishment ;"
everything, in this respect, was left to the discretion
of the court. The following is the largest amount of
punishment which I have known inflicted upon a man
for one and the same crime :
In 1813 or 1814, when a wing of the Bengal Eu-
ropean regiment was stationed in the island of Am-
boyna, three men belonging to the corps were tried
by a court-martial for marauding and ill-treating the
natives. Each of the three men was sentenced to
receive fifteen hundred lashes. A punishment parade
being formed, and immediately after the reading of
the sentence, one of the prisoners sprung forward,
seized the drum-major's sword, and called upon the
men in the ranks to come forward in his favour—a
request to which they did not respond. He was forth-
with secured ; and having been lashed to the triangles,
he received the whole amount of his sentence, fifteen
hundred lashes well applied. The other two prisoners
received each the same number, equally well inflicted.
In the framing of laws rigor is necessary, but in exe-
cuting them mercy is essentially required. The
converse appears to have obtained in the above cases,
the punishment having been more severe than was
warranted by either former usage or express regu-

ON MILITARY PUNISHMENTS.
(Abridged from an article on:Military Hygiene, in the
London Medical Gazette for October.)
To maintain due control in the British army, to
check military delinquencies, and enforce obedience,
it has been deemed expedient to employ terror- striking
punishments of various kinds.
When we look at the returns of punishments in-
flicted, it can harlly be concluded that the means
hitherto adopted to promote discipline in the army
have been very successful. On an average, about 20
per cent. of the troops serving in the colonies and
foreign dependencies are annually convicted by the
sentence of a court-martial, and punished. " Habitual
drunkenness" constitutes about two-fifths of the whole
number of convictions. "Desertion," and "absence
without leave," are the most prevalent crimes among
troops employed in Great Britain and Ireland. In
1839 no fewer than 2,110, being nearly equal to one-
fifth of the number of recruits annually raised, were
convicted and punished fur these two offences.
The frequency of delinquencies in the army has
been commonly attributed to the circumstance, that it
is recruited from an inferior class of the population,
by which means uneducated and low-born persons
are admitted into the ranks. How far this surmise
is well founded, it is difficult either to prove or to
disprove. Considering, however, the unfavourable
opinion entertained by the public in regard to the
army, the onerous duties and thraldom of soldiers, and
limited remuneration they receive for long and ardu-
ous services, I do not think a more prudent and better
class of men are likely to become soldiers.
The British army consists of two very distinct
classes, namely, ofliccers and soldiers. One class is
trained to command, and tfie other to obey—obedience
being the most essential elements in military dis-
cipline.
The crimes of soldiers chiefly arise from the con-
stitution of their profession. To disregard the verbal
order of a commissioned officer, or even of a non-
commissioned officer—a corporal, for example—is in-
subordination, and renders a man as liable to be tried
by a court-martial, and punished, as if he were to
commit a breach of the Mutiny Act or the articles of
war. Soldiers are also liable to be punished for con-
structive offences, such as alleged disrespect to a su-
perior officer. It is difficult, therefore, to escape from
the net of military law, its meshes being closed
against the exit of the minutest fry of delinquencies.
A court-martial may sentence a soldier to suffer cor-
poral punishment, not extending, however, to " life or
limb, for immorality, misbehaviour, and neglect of
duty." The vague generalities of this article literally
annul the benefits of a written code.
Well-educated persons, individuals whose parents
belong to a respectable class of society, and who have
undergone careful moral training, find the thraldom
and usages of the service as irksome, and are as liable
to military " misbehaviour," as the uneducated and
low-born class of soldiers ; perhaps they are, indeed,
more liable to fail in respect to their immediate su-
periors, whose conduct they may consider arrogant or
oppressive.
When so much is left to the arbitrary will of
officers, in regard to the delinquencies of soldiers, it
will appear that the welfare and happiness, and I may
add the efficiency, of a body of troops, will be greatly
influenced by the discretion, good sense, humane die-
position, and experience, of a commanding officer.
Every one admits that the poor ought to be educated ;
but it is of more importance that the rich—in other
words, those in high station—should be well in-
structed ; for if their principles were right, and their
practice wisely conducted, the institutions and cus-
toms of society would eventually be somewhat puri-
fied and improved. The doctrine of expediency, and
the plea of custom, regulate weak minds ; and how-
ever well-intentioned routine commanding officers
may be, they are liable greatly to abuse the power
with which they are invested.
Experience seems to prove, that crime is more
effectually prevented in civil life by the diffusion of
information, good moral training, kind treatment,
and an easier mode of gaining a livelihood, than by
the most severe punishments. May we not therefore
presume, that offences may be prevented in the army
much more effectually, by raising the character of
soldiers, and by meliorating their condition—by
making them, in fact, prefer the public service to the
situation of labourers, or artisans in civil life—than
by either corporal or mental punishments ?
It has been often observed, that extremely severe
sentences, such as capital putti3hments, defeat their
own object ; they certainly fail to prevent desertion.
During the American war of 1813 desertions from
our army to the United States were frequent ; and to
prevent this, men who were caught in attempting to
cross the boundary line were executed : six were shot
in one day, but without any beneficial effect. In
order to show with what indifference individuals met
death, and by inference how little influence this
punishment had in preventing crime, the particular
circumstances which attended the execution of one
man may be stated. " A private," says Colonel
Campbell, then Brigade-Major of De Meuron's regi-
ment, " was to be executed. The troops were formed
in three sides of a square; at the other side, towards
the forest, the grave was dug, and the coffin for the
criminal to kneel upon was placed, as usual upon such
occasions, beside it. The provost, with the firing
party, escorting the prisoner, and with the band of
the regiment at their head, playing
the Dead March,
entered the square—when, to my surprise, there
proudly marched the prisorer, coolly smoking a cigar.
Seeing the bad effects likely to result from such
evident contempt of death. painful as it was to me, I
called the provost, and ordered him to take away the
cigar from him. On approaching the grave, the
prisoner walked quietly but steadily forward, looked
into it, and turning round to me, said in French, It
will do.' He then walked up to his coffin ; and before
I was aware of what he was about, with his middle
finger and thumb he measured its length, and turning
round to me, he said in French, which his corps
generally spoke, It will do also.' He refused to
permit his eyes
to be covered, pushing the provost
aside, and exclaiming in French, ' I am a brave soldier,
and have often looked death in the face, and shall not
shrink from it now.' Tao provost made signs to him
to kneel upon
standing, and shall do 1 ' The party fired,
so firm ar.
his coffir, but he replied, I prefer
and in an instant he ceased to exist."—(" A British
Army
In
illustration a s it w as , "
when compared with the laws which
ceirliyep .rs:trmsi :trnkeasbs
remarkable
fmmilitary law and
ee
lFe
nl at n angaat nu
military usages,
regulate civil society, I have subjoined an account of
the execution of ao6c'fv
-- regiment, was a fine-look-
tslents, and had received a
fine-look-
ing soldier, about six feet one inch in height. He
tolerably good education.
ehad acquired a know-
ledge of Latin, and could speak the French language.
When the regiment went to India, he was in a short
hadPrievxact
time able to communicate with the natives in several
of the languages of the country. Although Flanagan
was a smart clever soldier' he was liable to commit
slight breaches of military discipline, and his name
was consequently sometimes entered in the defaulter
books. Being a man of high spirit and violent temper,
he could ill bear the reproaches of the adjutant, who
repeatedly censured him for his irregularities. On
one occasion he became so irritated with the rebuke
he was receiving, that he impatiently pushed the ad-
jutant from him with the back of his arm. Flanagan
was forthwith tried by a court-martial for offering
violence to the adjutant, and sentenced to suffer death.
When the sentence was communicated to him, he
simply observed that he thought the award of the
court was severe. On the day of the execution he
preserved the most remarkable firmness, and con-
ducted himself with the strictest decorum. The
square havin
• g been formed, he, by permission, ad-
dressed the company to which he belonged. Having
reached the fatal spot, the fort-adjutant commenced
to read the proceedings of the court-martial ; but
having lost self-possession, his tongue faltered, which
being observed by Flanagan, he addressed him by
saying, "I see, sir, that you are agitated ; pray allow
me to read the proceedings for you." No notice was,
of course, taken of this offer. He then begged that
he should not be blind'olded, and that he might be
permitted to give the word of command to the exe-
cution party ; both of which requests were granted.
He finally gave the word of command, with as firm a
voice as a sergeant-major is accustomed to do on a
drill parade. Flanagan's untimely fate took place
in June, 1828, at Trichinopoly.
Another example, waich occurred lately, on a
foreign station, may be given for a similar purpose,
namely, to illustrate tle rigour and practice of
military law. Private ll—, belonging to the
regiment, was brought before the captain of his com-
pany for having been drunk, and ordered the trifling
punishment of two or three days' drill, when he gently
struck this officer's shoulder, exclaiming at the same
time, "There is now death for me." The man in
question was of highly respectable extraction, and a
graduate of one of the English Universities. lle
drew up what he intended as a defence, but was dis-
suaded from the avowal of the sentiments and dis-
Clnaurea it conwine4, :pm benevolent persons, who
thought might operate against him. The purport

SUPPLEMENT TO TIRE'S DICTIONARY.
This day, Bvo., with numerous Wood Engravings, 14s. cloth,
RECENT IMPROVEMENTS in ARTS,
MANUFACTURES, and MINES; being 'a Supplement to
his Dictionary. By ANDREW URE, M.D., F.R.S,
By the same Author, lately published,
A DICTIONARY of ARTS, MANUFACTURES, and MINES.
Third Edition, corrected, Bvo., 1,240 Woodcuts, 21. 109.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Admission, is.; Schools, Half-price.
The revised CATALOGUE, with the addition of Three Hundred
Works of Art recently deposited in the Museum. Price Is.

FJ- • MPLOYMENT.—Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPAN
or the sale of their celebrated teas.
Offices, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopsgate-street.
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a
pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but
ittle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I is. per
annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or loss.
Application to be made (if by letter post-paid) as above.

NEW WORK BY PROFESSOR LOW.
Pu‘dished this day, Bvo., with numerous Engravings on Wood, 215.,
ON LANDED PROPERTY, and the Economy
of Estates : comprehending the relation of Landlord and Te-
nant, and the Principles and Forms of Leases; Farm Buildings, In-
closures, Drains, Embankments, Roads, and other Rural Works ;
Minerals ; and Woods. By DAVID LOW, Esq., F.R.S.E., Professor
of Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh, &c. &c.
By the same Author,
ELEMENTS of PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE. Fourth Edition,
Bvo., 215.,
The BREEDS of the DOMESTICATED ANIMALS of GREAT
BRITAIN. 2 vols. 4t0., with 56 Coloured Plates, 16/. 16a.
An ENQUIRY into the NATURE of the SIMPLE BODIES of
CIIEMISTRY. Bvo., 6s.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

57, STRAND!!!
WELLINGTON BOOTS, the very best, to
measure, ONE GUINEA.

E. STUNT-

SIR BAPTIST lIICKES'S CHIMNEY-PIECE.
A Double Number of

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital .000,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation declare a
second Bonus, averaging GO per cent. on the amounts inv on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

THE BUILDER, consisting of 32 closely-
printed pages, for Saturday, Nov. 9, contains—A Cyclopxdia
of the New Building Aet, arranged Alphabetically, with References
and Counter-references, to the several sections of the Act, by A. Bar-
tholomew, Esq., F.S.A., Architect ; with Engravings of Sir B. Hickes's
Chimney-piece in the Middlesex County Sessions House, and of Inigo
Jones's Staircase at Amesbury, Wilts ; Architectural Planning, with
references to celebrated existing examples by Sir C. Wren and Sir J.
Soano ; notices of Contract', Tenders, and other interesting matter.
Office, 2, York-street, Covent-garden ; and all Booksellers.

f
__£

Bonus in cbm Gd >.
Cash. E. c;
5. d. s. d.
77 5 1 12 3 9
G 4 5 6 9 16 4
51 511 711 9

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERsALL's.—YESTERDAY.

tl P
I I-,E:

Premium.) 1- g
1 Bonus
added.

The quotations quoted below are made up to the close
of the room, but as they vary in some respects from the
betting in the early part of the afternoon, it will be as
well to give a list of the principal transactions :-1,100
to 100 agst Alarm; 1,700 to 100, twice, agst the Irish lot;
800 to 50 and 900 to 50 agst Ledger, 25 to 1 agst the
Cobweb colt—the takers willing, but, for want of layers,
unable to go on ; 35 to 1 several times, and in one bet
1,000 to 25 agst Young Eclipse ; 2,000 to 45 ag3t Clear-
the-way ; 1,000 to 25, taken freely, agst The Laird o'
Cockpen ; 1,000 to 20, several times, agst Cabin Boy ;
1,000 to 20 agst Twig ; 2,000 to 30, twice, agst Devil's
Dust ; and 1,500 to 15 agst Seaman. The Rebecca colt
and Newsmonger were not priced, and Fitzallen, al-
though backed once at 28 to 1, declined several points,
and left off without friends. The final averages wero as
follows :

a. d.

a. A.

GO 10001

1837 170 9 3
74 3 4 1838 144 2 2
1839 116 16 0

X s. ds
346 2 3
296 13 4
247 4 5

The division of profits is =anal, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
This institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borr)w, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet ether conveniences or necessity. Assurances
fbr terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON C.A.MROUX, See.

LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITIES.
The following are Specimens of the LOW RATES of PRE-
MIUM charged by the AUSTRALASIAN COLONIAL AND
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY COMPANY.

DERBY.
16 to 1 agst Forth's lot—taken
16 to 1 agst The Irish lot
11 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Alarm
16 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Kedger
22 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Cobweb colt
25 to 1 agat Lord Chesterfield's Pam (Bro to E. 0.)
25 to 1 agst Lord Stradbroke's Ides
25 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Old England
33 to 1 agst Mr. Hesseltine's Fitzallen
35 to 1 agat Mr. Coleman's Young Eclipse
35 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Weatherbit
40 to 1 agst Duke ofßichmond's Laird o' Cockpen—t
40 to 1 agst Lord Glasgow's Miss Whip colt
45 to 1 agst Mr. Ferguson's Clear-the-way—taken
50 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Twig—taken
50 to 1 agst Mr. Lintott's Cabin Boy
50 to 1 agst General Yates's Seaman
50 to 1 agst Mr. Coleman's Devil's Dust
2000 to 35 agst Colonel Cradock's Jinglepot—taken
1500 to 100 agst Old England and Weatherbit.
A match for 1001. was run on Liverpool Race-course
on Saturday last, between Deerslayer, ridden by Mr.
Bretherton, and Jack, ridden by Mr. Wilde, and won in
a canter by the foriner. The distance was two miles.

Age• • • • • • •

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.
The following has been received at Lloyd's, from the
Hydrographic-office
:
Admiralty, Oct. 25, 1844.
REVOLVING LIGHT ON TIIE ROCK OF
LISBON.

The Portuguese Government has given notice that the
light on the Cape la Roca, or the Rock of Lisbon, has
been altered from a fixed to a revolving light, each re-
volution being completed iu two minutes. During the
first minute it will present a red light, the greatest in-
tensity of which will continethirty seconds ; and during
the second minute it will present' a bright light, the
greatest brilliancy:of which will also continue thirty-one
seconds.
The light is in lat. 38 deg. 46 min. 5 sec. N., and
lon. 9 deg. 29 min. W., being 498 feet above the level of
the sea, and may be seen in very clear weather at the
distance ofeight or nine leagues.
Hydrographic-office, Admiralty, Oct. 25, 1844.
LIGHTS IN THE BELTS.
The Danish Government has published the following
notices :
Great Belt—A fixed light has been established on the
westernmost point of Zealand, called Reefs Nie, at the
western entrance of the Great Belt. The light stands on
a tower to the height of 70 feet above the level of the
sea, and is visible to the distance of three leagues on all
bearings, excepting those between W. N., and N.N.W.
Sprogoe's Island light revolves four times in a minute,
and in future will appear every night.
Little Belt—The fixed light on the island of Bargo
has been elevated to the height of 30 feet above the leve
of the sea, and is now visible on all bearings except tha
of S.W. by W., where it is concealed by the town o,
Bargol.

lation.
The prisoner who was first punished was subse-
quently tried for his mutinous conduct in the square
of the corps, and having been condemned to death, the
sentence was inflicted by his being shot with musketry

USE OF SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS
Mr. Joseph Sturge has published the following
letter in justification of the firm of Joseph and
Charles Sturge, corn-factors, Birmingham, not to sell
barley for malting :
To C. D., Corn Exchange, London.
Birmingham, 11th Month, sth, 1844.
Esteemed Friend,—Thy letter of the 4th ultimo
has the following remark on the notice contained in
our last Monthly Circular :—" The singular resolu-
tion you have come to, as to not selling malting bar-
ley, has been much canvassed here to-day. I regret
it much, and the more so as I can discover no good
and sound reason for it." This observation, and some
other circumstances, induce me to give a further ex-
planation why this resolution was adopted, believing
that thyself, and many other of our friends, though
differing in opinion, will not condemn a course which
results from a conviction of duty.
Intemperance produces such an incalculable amount
of vice and misery, that I consider it right to use my
influence to promote the principles of total abstinence.
This I feel the more bound to do, as nearly twenty
years personal experience, and much observation in
this and other parts of the world, has convinced me
that fermented liquors are not necessary to health,
and that those who refrain even from what is termed
the moderate use of them, are in consequence capable I
of more bodily and mental exertion, and exempt from
many maladies which afflict others.
In accordance with these views, our firm has alto-
gether declined the sale of malt, or the supply of any
grain to distilleries, and converted to other uses
cellars which many years ago we let to wine and
spirit-merchants. Our continuing to take commis-
sions for the sale and purchase of barley for the pur •
pose of malting, has for some years caused me much
uneasiness; and I have recently been so fully con-
vinced that it is wrong to do so, that I must have
withdrawn from our concern had it not been relin-
quished. The belief that we are responsible for the
means of acquiring, as well as for the use we make of
our property, and that we cannot exercise too rigid
watchfulness over our own conduct, is compatible
with perfect charity towards those who differ with us
in opinion.—l am respectfully,
JOSEPH STURGE.

EAST INDIA SHIPPING.
Arrivals—Stratford, Tuit, from Mauritius, sailed 25th
August ; her Majesty's ship Nimrod, Glasse, from
Bombay, at Plymouth, sailed August 10, Cape Sept. 19,
Ascension October 8 ; Herculean, Gibson, from Bombay,
at Liverpool, sailed July 24 ; Symmetry, Butler, from
Bombay, at Liverpool, sailed July 15 ; Hope, Crawford,
from China, at Dublin, sailed June 5, St. Helena Sep-
tember 18 ; William Mitchell, M'Lachlan, from China,
at Liverpool, sailed May 23, Anger July 16, St. Helena
Sept. 6 ; Indus, Taylor, from Portugal, at Liverpool,
sailed May 17, Mauritius August 5, St. Helena Sept. 6.
Arrivals in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope—City of
London, previous to 18th September, from London, and
sailed 14th to Simon's Bay ; Phlox, from Liverpool, and
sailed 17th to Mauritius ; Brilliant, Cowan, from —,
and sailed 17th to Ichaboe ; Owen Glendower, Sept. 3,
from Portsmouth ; Repulse, from Algoa Bay ; Maid-
stone, from Portsmouth ; Guardian, from London ;
Frederick Huth, from ; Mary Ann, from Madras ;
Sussex, from Java; Robert Ingham, from London ; Isa-
bella, from —; Sibelia, from Liverpool; Martha Jane
and Spy from ; Emma, Sept. 15, from Marseilles;
Vigilant , , from Mossell Bay ; Lord John Russell, 17th,
from Liverpool.
Departures from Table Bay—Harmony, Sept. 9, to
St. Helena ; Agile, 19th, to London.
Arrivals in Simon's Bay—Mobile, from Penang, and
sailed 15th Sept. to London ; her Majesty's ships Ves-
tal and Bittern, and her Majesty's steamer Thunderbolt,
Sept. 13, from Algoa Bay; Agincourt, Neatby, from
London.
Arrivals at Mauritius—Maggie, Aug. 21, from Mus-
cat, and loading for London ; Hope, 21st, from the
Cape ; Zuleika, 23d, from Calcutta ; Java, 24th, from
London. Loading at Mauritius for London—Ann, Fal-
con, Pauline, Houghton, Tar, Maria, and Briton.
Arrivals at Batavia—Mona and Gunga, from Liverpool.

MEDICAL TESTIMONIAL--SIGHT AND
HE ARIN G.
From T. J. Pettigrew, Surgeon, F.R.S. to Messrs.
S. and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-street,
Piccadilly,—Gentlemen, I have no hesitation in replying
to your inquiry as to the results obtained by the use of
your Improved Spectacles ; being in the constant habit
of reading and writing for many hours together by lamp-
light, it is but justice to say that your newly invented
Spectacle Lenses have afforded me the greatest comfort.
When I employed the ordinary pebbles, I never failed to
experience in the morning a great irritation in the eyes.
Since I have used your admirable glasses I suffer from
no inconvenience of the kind, and my vision is much im-
proved. I shall ever feel grateful to my good friend,
Dr. Blundell for having drawn my attention to the sub-
j ect.—Believe mo to be yours, very respectfully. T. J.
PETTIGREW, 8, Saville-row. Also, newly invented
Apromatic Waistcoat-pocket Telescopes and Opera-
glasses of the same kind of Lenses.—Every kind of Te-
lescope of larger size and increasing powers for shooting,
sea purposes, and upon stand for astronomical observa-
tions the powers are so great and the lenses so bright
and brilliant that minute objects at an extraordinary dis-
tance is brought completely under the eyes. Sportsmen
tourists, and sea-side visitors will indeed here have a
great treat. Acoustic instruments of every description
for deafness. Caution.—Messrs. S. Sc B. Solomons, opti-
cians and aurists, are not in any way connected with a
person of the same name in their immediate neighbour.
hood, nor in any part of the country. To prevent mis •
takes, be cautious, and observe—Only to be had at 39,
Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel.
[AnvisnatsEasEnT.)—A POOR MAN'S LIFE SAVED
BY HOLLOWAY'S PlLLS.—Jeremiah Laughlin, a porter
about the quays of Dublin, was afflicted fur years with
shortness of breath, spitting of phlegm, night perspi-
rations, and general weakness of body, a want of appe-
tite, sick headaches, besides suffering much from the
liver. This man was in the second stage of consump-
tion, and not expected to live three months, when he
commenced the use of Holloway's wonderful pills, and
by their means alone he is now as strong, as hale, and
as well as ever he was in his life.—Sold (also Holloway's
Ointment.) at the establishment of Professor Holloway,
224, Strand (where advise may be had gratis), and by
almost all respectable vendors of medicine throughout
the civilised world.

THE CRESCENT AND THE CROSS.—We are re-
quested to state that Mr. Colburn, of Great Marl-
borough-street, has this day published " THE CRESCENT
AND THE CROSS ; OR, ROMANCE AND REALITIES OF
EASTERN TRAVEL," by ELIOT B. G. WARBURTON,
Esq., in 2 vols. small Bvo., with illustrations, price 255.
bound, which can now be had of all booksellers. Mr.
Colburn has also just published :-2. Vol I. of the
Nelson Dispatches and Letters, 15s. bound.-3. Major
and Mrs. G. Darby Griffiths' Journey across the Desert,
2 vols. small Bvo., with Illustrations, 21s. bound.-4. The
Third Part of Mr. Burke's Dictionary of the Landed
Gentry, 10s. Gd.-5. A new and cheaper edition of the
Voyages and Services of the Nemesis in China, &c.,
containing the only complete account of the late war,
&c., 1 vol. with Maps and Plates, 18s. bound.-6. Reve-
lations of Russia, 2 vols. small Bvo.-7. A Winter inltaly,
by Mrs. Ashton Yates, 2 vols. small 8 vo.— 8. A Third Edi-
tion of Coningsby, by B. Disraeli, Esq.., M.P., 3 vols.-
9. A Second Edition of Historic Fancies, by the Hon.
G. S. Smythe, M.P., 1 vol Bvo., 12s. bound.
GENEROSITY OF CORNISH FISHERMEN.—In the
early part of last month the French sloop St. Louis, of
Cherbourg. Louis Basin, master, having been dismasted
off the Wolf Rock, was driven on shore near Porth-
leven, where she became a total wreck. The few stores
saved, with the hull, were subsequently sold for pay-
ment of salvage. Our object in reverting to this sub-
ject is to record the praiseworthy and disinterested act
of the salvors, fishermen of Porthleven, who, after the
sum awarded them for their services had been paid to
them, finding the property belonged solely to the cap-
tain, and it was not insured, generously took to Mr.
Cudlip, merchant, the full amount they had received,
with the exception of ten men's shares out of 103, but
which was made up by other persons, and requested him
to present it in full to the captain, expressing their re-
gret for his misfortune. The poor Frenchman
.begged
Mr. Cudlip gratefully to acknowledge for Mtn the
generous act. We hope the example set by these poor
fishermen will he extensively followed, and thus, in some
meas'ur'e. alleviate the mill Nies of shipwreck.— lVestcrn
Lurningii.

No Foci IN WALES.—A Welshman has almost as
little idea of a fog as a Japanese or torrid-zone man has
of ice. While London has heen enveloped in fog, we
have had here a clear lA;te sky, a bright a n, and alto-
cruttiof wtsitifwr met} as mtould convert the oldest utili-
tarian into 2. wadityper Pgliff= 11910 a tl a scenery of
South Wales.— li'mani—an.

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noo►c, and brzght, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

THE LATE STORM.
EXHIBITION OF FALSE LIGHTS.
(From the Berwick Advertiser.)
Since our last we have had very boisterous weather.
The wind which blew freshly from the east on Wed-
nesday last week, continued for several days increas-
ing in fury, and at intervals was accompani' d by
heavy rains. The sea became more and more agitated
with the continuance of the high winds, and, from
Thursday last week until yesterday, our harbour was
all but inaccessible. With the exception of a foreign
galliott which entered on Tuesday and encountered
very great risk, there were neither arrivals nor de-
partures at our port within the period mentioned.
The Manchester steamer, which left London on
Thursday morning, arrived in the bay at two o'clock
on Saturday morning, but the state of the sea on the
bar prevented her from entering the harbour, and the
violent gale rendered it dangerous for her to remain
in the bay, so that after firing a signal, she ran fur
shelter to the Frith, and came to a safe anchorage op-
posite Charleston, where she remained until this day,
and is at present hourly expected here. On 'Wednes-
day afternoon the Tweed showed symptoms of flood-
ing, and the several vessels in the harbour increased
their warpage, a precaution the necessity of which
was proved next morning, when the river was swollen
and rolled along with great impetuosity, strewed with
pieces of timber, bushes, and other articles, showing
that the water in its course to the sea had risen above
the usual limits of the river. On Wednesday night
the wind seemed to have exhausted its fury ; it was
then succeeded by a very heavy rain, and next morn-
ing was exceedingly mild. The wind veered slightly
to the south, and the storm on the coast gradually
abated. No serious disaster is ascertained to have
occurred. On Sunday there was picked up by some
fishermen on the Magdalen fields shore a piece of the
stern bulwarks of a vessel, having the name " Era"
on it ; and on Wednesday night a similar plank was
also there picked up with " Harvest" painted on it.
This latter appeared very old, and as if it had been
long in the water : and we trust they are not indica-
tions of any recent shipwreck. We have in another
paragraph noticed a vessel dismasted in the Fair-way,
opposite the Fern islands. Besides that loss, the brig
Iris of Whitby with grain from Dantzic suffered ship-
wreck at Boulmer at 5 P.M., of the 2d instant. The
crew were saved by means of the life-boat through
the exertions of Lieutenant Brunton, of the Alnmouth
coast-guard station. The schooner Graham, of Perth,
Sweeny master, bound to Blythe from Rouen in bal-
lait, came on shore north of Warkworth at 8 P.M.,
of the 3d instant, crew saved. Portions of wreck
and a boat came on shore at the Craster station, and
are supposed to have belonged to the Elizabeth, of
Moulden, W. Cole, master. The materials found are
very old. At the caves near Emanuel Head, at Holy
Island, portions of wreck and a boat have come on
shore. They have no name nor mark on them, but are
supposed to have belonged to a foreign vessel.
Rumours of other wrecks have been current, but the
above comprise all that have been communicated by
the authorities at the coast-guard stations, and we
are disposed to conclude they are all at have
occurred on our coast. We have heard that on
Saturday, Sunday, and again on Wednesday night,
two lights were observed on shore near Hudshead,
which were calculated to mislead persons in charge
of vessels at sea, and give rise to serious consequences.
We therefore hope the circumstance will be inquired

into, and that the parties showing these lights, through
inadvertence it may be presumed, will be made aware
of the fault they have committed, and the necessity of
guarding against it in future.

WILTS, SOMERSET, AND WEY-
MOUTH RAILWAY.
The attention of our fellow-citizens is now, we are
glad to say, fully awakened to the injurious conse-
quences that must arise to the trade and commerce of
Bristol, and of Bath also, should the scheme set on
foot by the Great Western Railway Company, for
lines of railway from Salisbury, Bridport, and Wey-
mouth, to Trowbridge, and thence by way of Melk-
sham to Chippenham, be carried out agreeably to the
proposed plan.
Fortunately for the public, the Legislature is
exercising greater care and watchfulness, previously
to giving its sanction to any new railway specula-
tion than was the case a few years ago; and
the Board of Trade is also exercising a whole-
some scrutiny into the merits of the several schemes
which have to seek the sanction of Parliament;
so that a reasonable hope may be entertained
that, by making these authorities fully acquainted with
the injustice that would be done to Bath and Bristol
—by the proposed circuitous route to Trowbridge
and Bradford, and by diverting the northern traffic
from its legitimate course—the Great Western Rail-
way Company will be induced to reconsider its pro-
ject, and, looking not solely to its own interests, adopt
a line snore in accordance with the requirements of
the public.
By the proposed scheme, the distance of Bristol
and Bath from Bradford will be increased, by rail,
no less than twelve miles ; and passengers from the
latter town, from Trowbridge, and indeed from all
the other towns on the proposed branches, going to
Bristol or Bath, will have to be carried by a cir-
cuitous route this additional distance. After arriving
almost at their place of destination, instead of finally
reaching it by a direct course through the valley of
the Avon, they will have to proceed out of their way
to Melksham and Chippenham, and then return
through the Box tunnel!
And for what purpose? Simply that the northern
traffic may be diverted from the Bristol and Glouces-
ter line to the Cheltenham and Great Western Union
Railway, the latter being the property of the Great
Western Railway Company.
To show that this is the object, sad to show, also,
its injurious tendency as regards Bristol, nothing more
is required than a glance at the plan of the intended
railway : it will be seen that the aim has been to fix
the point of junction so near to Swindon as that the
traffic thence to the midland and northern counties
shall be exclusively carried on the Great Western
lines as far as Gloucester.
If the public advantage and accommodation lay in
this direction, however much we might regret
the diversion of the traffic from our own locality,
Bristol would have but a weak case to present to the
Board of Trade, and one that we could scarcely hope
would be attended to, inasmuch as, now-a-days, in-
dividual and local interests cannot be expected to
have much weight in retarding any great undertak-
ing. But we have hopes that the present movement,
if followed up with spirit, will, by bringing out the
facts of the case—by showing that the line as laid
down, while it will damage Bath and Bristol, will
afford no additional facilities to the public—that, on
the contrary, many of the public, as passengers
merely, will be inconvenienced by it, while the only
party sought to be benefited is the Great Western
Railway Company : we have hopes, if these matters
be laid fairly and fully before the proper authorities,
that the plan, as far as the circuitous route from
Trowbridge is concerned (and to that, in particular,
our opposition goes), will have to be abandoned.—
Bristol Mercury.