The Sun.
London, England, 1868-09-02 00:00:00

MADAME RACHEL'S BAIL.

On Tuesday, according to notice, bail was to appear at
Judges' Chambers for Madame Rachel ; but, as will be
seen by the subjoined report of the proceedings, there was
another disappointment.
On the summons being called on, Mr. G. Lewis, jun.,
addressing Mr. Justice Willes, said that he had six notices
of bail served on him, and on one occasion only had the
proposed sureties put in an appearance. On the present
occasion, though twelve was named as the hour for appear-
in:,•, it was then two o'clock and no bail had appeared. The
prosecution by all these delays was put to a great expense,
and it appeared, he would not say. maliciously, but vc:7-

tiously.
.Tuatice Willes said the better plan would be to get an crler
from the Central Criminal Court to make the application
before a magistrate. Mr. Justice Blackburn was quite right,
if he (Justice Wiles) might presume to say so, in
directing the bail to go before Mr. Tyrwhitt on a former
asion, and the magistrate was also right in refusing to
accept it, as he had no order before him.
A clerk from Messrs. Roberts's office, who appeared lor
the defendant, said they were prepared with one 6ure'y,
,but of course he was no gocd without the other.
Mr. Lewis said that one of the proposed sureties ban
be,n refused by the Recorder on a former occasion, and
3d-dame Rachel had been committed for perjury.
Mr. Justice Willes thought that such a remark ought
not to be made, as it was calculated to prejudice the case.
From what he read in the papers, it appeared that the
jury bad disagreed, and such being the case be
thought that they (the prosecution) ought not to
be so very particular. Madame Rachel might apply
for bail every hour of the day if she chose, but the diffi-
culty was to get a judge to accept it. If the sureties had
offered themselves, he would have gone into the worth of
the bail. As it was, he would recommend an application
to a magistrate, though of course the defendant could
apply at Judges' Chambers.

The family of the Bishop of Durham has sustained
a severe domestic affliction in the death of his eldest
daughter, which took place a few days ago at Auckland
0, elle. The deceased lady, who bad been ill for some time
was thirty-six years of ay..

A letter from Geldie Lodge, Braemar, says that on
Thursday last that locality was visited with a severe snow
storm, which lasted some hours. Tho cold was intense, and
tho tops of all the bills were covered with snow to a consi-
derable depth. A violent gale of wind from the north-west
prevailed for 48 hours.

THE POOR FARMERS. —TIIO Wilts and Glouceste?
Etandard reports that a gentleman farmer purchased
2,000 lambs at Bs. 6d. a head about four weeks ago, owing
to the owners not having feed for them, the grass being
everywhere burnt up. After he had had them in his pos-
session for about a fortnight he was offered £1 a head for
the." 12,000—a good profit for the fortnight's keep.
The Archdeacons of Armagh and Dublin have
*Mussed a letter to the archdeacons of the other dio-
c of Ireland, proposing that an address be presented
to the Primate and the Archbishop of Dublin, request-
ing them, in conjunction with the other Irish bishops, to
a pply for the Royal permission that the customary writs
issue for convening the Convocation of the CLurch of Ire-
land :at the same time that writs shall issue for the pro-
vinces of Canterbury and York.

Yesterday at Chambers an application was made to
Justice Wiles to stay proceedings as against an insolvent
who had executed a composition deed for the benefit of his
creditors. The learned judge refused the application, on the
l• round that there were no particulars in the affidavit, and
fur all he knew the man in question might be worth suffi-
cient to liquidate his debts. The solicitor replied that if
a man offered a shilling in the pound, and his
creditors resolved to accept it, nobody else had any inte-
rest in the transaction. His lordship took a reverse view of
the case, and remarked that, if a man had £lOO in his pos-
sesion, and executed a deed by will, his creditors would not
receive the whole of that sum, and they imagined that the
titan paid away the whole of his money. In his (Justice
IVilles) opinion, he was guilty of a great fraud.

SPEAKING UP FOR THE PROFESSION.—A fellow
named Alexander Wilson, brought up at Marlborough-
s:.reet Police-court on Tuesday on a charge of stealing,
described himself as a " turf reporter." We know every
turf reporter in the metropolis, and there is no such person
connected with the press. It used to be a common custom
for every vagabond to describe himself as a betting-man,
and now it would seem that blackguards like this Wilson
are about to disgrace a profession by dubbing themselves
haphazard as turf reporters, because they have no visible
or apparently honest trade or business. Wilson has already
suffered three months' imprisonment, and we trust that he
will get another term if only for his impudent assumption
of such a title.—Sporting Life.

ACCIDENT ON THE GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY.—
On Tuesday morning an accident took plac3 on the Great
Eastern Railway, within three miles of Brentwood Station.
An express train, which leaves Brentwood Station at
,:bout 10.15, had proceeded on its way some distance to-
Avard s Romford, when the axletree of the luggage van
broke down. The result was a series of most violent con•
elusions and bumps, and as at the spot where the break-
down occurred the line runs on the top of a steep em-
bankment, there was great danger of the train going over.
Fortunately the engine was stopped before any further
mischief was done. A down train took the passengers
back to Brentwood, whence they were forwarded as soon
as possible to their destinations. Proviclentialy no one
had received NW salmis iplurleo, 11.- •

SUSPECTED MURDER OF A POLICE.

CONSTABLE.

A police-constable of the G division of the metropolitan
police and a warrant officer of the Worship-street,Police-
Court has met his death under circumstances which, up to
the present time, are surrounded by the gravest suspicions
and shrouded in mystery. The deceased's name was
Charles Clay, 268 G. On Wednesday last he discharged his
usual duties, and the following day attended at the Mid-
dlesex Sessions in a case wherein a man named Lambert
was charged with fraud. That case, however, was
adjourned for the attendance of a material witness, in search
of whom the deceased, in company with a cab proprietor
named Hurren, is known to have gone to Stoke Newington
the same evening. From that time till about half-past
eleven at night his time is unaccounted for. At that hour
he was discovered by a person unknown stretched insen-
sible on the ground in Norfolk Gardens, Shoreditch, a
place infested by thieves and convicts of the lowest and
most desperate character—a terror to that part of the
metropolis; and on examination it was found that he had
sustained a severe cut at the back of the head, and two
bruises in the face, one of which was between the eyes,
and the other on the left cheekbone. A constable's atten-
tion having been called to him, he was placed in a cab and
conveyed to his home in Lever-street, Goswell-road. On
the following morning he bad rallied a little, but not
having reported himself at the station a messenger was
sent after him, and he then returned himself as on the
sick list and unable to attend to his duties, but saying not
a word respecting the manner in which he had come by his
injuries, and soon afterwards, relapsing into insensibility,
he gradually sank from that time, and died at half-past
nine o'clock on Monday morning ; not one syllable
having during the intervening time escaped his lips that
afforded the slightest clue as to what had happened. The
deceased was only in the 35th year of his age, generally
esteemed at the police-office, and leaves a wife and three
young children wholly unprovided for. The immediate
cause of death is stated to be effusion on the brain.
Norfolk-gardens lies in the eastern portion of the district
covered by the G division of police, and over which the
decease had control as warrant officer at Worship-street
Police-court. On several occasions he has, in face of the
threats of the thieves and roughs which infest the gardens,
entered houses therein and arrested offenders who were
" wanted." About five weeks ago the deceased visited
Norfolk-gardens, about two o'clock in the morning, and
removed from thence a man who was charged with being
concerned in stealing a case of tea from a railway van,
and he, after examination at the police-court, was sen-
tenced to six months' imprisonment with hard labour.
The prisoner, it appears, was a member of the " Norfolk-
gardens Gang," and the deceased, on more than one occa-
sion, has been heard to express a fear that at some
time or other he should meet with foul play at the hands of
some of the coterie, in revenge for the conviction of their
associate.

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2, 1868.

(twin screw), Commander 11. Fawkes, recently
commissioned at Portsmouth for foreign service,
made the usual speed trial over the measured mile
in Stokes Bay, near Portsmouth, on Saturday, pre-
vious to sailing for her destination. Non-condensing
with her engines, out of six runs made over the
measured mile, she attained a mean rate of speed of
10.039 knots. With her engines condensing she
attained a mean rate of 9.6 knots. Her tonnage is
467, her draught of water Bft. forward and 9ft. aft,
and her nominal power of engines, combined, 120
horse. The Cracker is under orders to sail imme-
diately for her station.

The Megera, screw steamship, Si;aff Commander
Jabez Loane, arrived at Spithead early yesterday
morning from the Thames, and, after embarking
some naval supernumeraries, was under orders to
proceed thence to Ascension.
The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :—Captain Henry Harvey to the
Eclipse, vice Capt. Moore ; Commander Thomas
H. Boycs, to the Impregnable ; and Navigating
Lieut. George J Tomlin to the Eclipse ; the lion.
Maurice A. Bourke, W. C. S. Hathorn, 11. W.
Target, and W. Corbett, midshipmen, to the
Forte.

THE AMERWAIV ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.

This association held its seventeenth meeting at
Chicago, Aug. 5. Among the papers read were—
The Boulder Field of Cedar county, lowa, by Pro-
fea3or Rush Emery ; the Discovery of Cretaceous
Rocks in Guthrie county, lowa, by Dr. 'White,
State geologist of lowa ; on the Crania of Bothe-
rium and Castorides, by J. W. Foster ; The Stra-
tigraphical Relations of the Fossil Horse in the
United States, by Col. Charles Whittlesey ; The
Botany, Mineralogy, and Geology of Mount
Mansfield, Vermont, by Professor James Hyatt ;
The Heritable Features of the North American
Continental Plateau near the line of 35 de-
grees, north latitude, by Dr. C. C. Parry, of Da-
venport, lowa ; On a New Species of Protechnites
from the Potsdam Sandstone of New York, by
Professor 0. C. Marsh ; On the Progress and Pre-
sent Condition of the Geological Survey of Cali-
fornia, by Professor J. D. Whitney ; The Quebec
Group in Northern New Hampshire, by Professor
C. H. Hitchcock, of Amherst.

At an evening meeting of the association, Dr.
Gould read a eulogy on the life and services of the
late Professor Alexander Dallas Bache, Chief of
the United States Coast Survey, which concluded
the proceedings of the second day.
The first paper presented on Friday, August 7,
was by Professor Charles Whittlesey of Cleveland,
who read "An Abstract of the Geological Evi-
dences of Man's Antiquity in the United States."
He said, in regard to the race of mound builders,
that he had come to the conclusion they were not
only a prior race to the red luau, but that there are
evidences of an intermediate rata, or a race that
may have been contemporary, but a people of diffe-
rent characteristics, a different state of advance-
ment in the arts, particularly in agriculture, and
especially different in reference to their military
character. There are fortified points unquestion-
ably military, but entirely different from the works
on the Ohio river, not extensive, but with no evidence
that the people were agriculturists. They intrenched
themselves in strong positions, where they were pro-
tected by bluffs and near ravines. The works all show
a people who were anticipating attacks from abroad,
or else who were in the habit of attacking each
other. There are no evidences that this people were
great in the arts of agriculture. The table lauds of
Ohio have a belt of country destitute of works, and
which does not appear to have been occupied. On
the northern streams that run south of Ohio into
the Mississippi and discharge themselves into the
Tennessee, Cumberland, and White Rivers, and so
on to the Gulf of Mexico, very extensive ancient
works are found, but they are entirely different ;
they are more permanent, and they seem to be de-
signed to different objects. Some are evidently de-
voted to the purposes of religion, with here and
there fortifications and works showing some density
of population and great labour. As a rule these
evidences are of a people highly religious and de-
voted to agricultural pursuits, the implements found
exhibiting some nearness to the ornamental. In
this district he thought the relics did not denote a
military people.
He then proceeded to recite the instances where
remains have been found. 1. The refuse shell heaps
on the shore from New Orleans to Florida. These
do not show any great antiquity, but that there was
a population here, similar in point of character to
that the existence of which has been traced iu
Europe. In this location implements have been
found showing a different age of man, principally
of the flint and stone age. 2. The discovery of
flint arrows in Missouri, beneath the skeleton of a
mastodon, in the ancient alluvial formation. This
he considered to be an evidence of human existence,
cotemporary with the mastodon. 3. A flint knife
found in Kansas beneat'a stratified gravel and
clay, at a depth of 13 or 14 feet. 4. In a cave
near Elgin, Ohio, three skeletons and two crania
were discovered. There were found here charcoal,
reptiles, and birds, and a mass of bones, and at
the bottom three skeletons laid out horizontally.
These have been examined, and have been declared
to be the skeletons of Indians that had been there
two thousand years. 5. When a spring at Sara-
toga was cleaned, there was found, at the depth of
nine feet of muck and seven feet of tufa, and, again
twoused.
sed f. e etibre.
said that muck was ,ui,Galroaghathat appeared to have been
de-
posited above the log 4,840 years ago and that the
people who used it were Indians who wore moc-
casins. 6. Near the falls of St. Lawrence (Brock-
ville) copper tools were found at a depth of fourteen
feet, with charcoals and skeletons, radiating from a
common centre, the heads forming the central
point. lie understood these tools to belong to the
race of mound builders. 7. In a cave near Louis-
ville there have been discovered a large number of
skeletons, of which the crania were not procured
in condition so that the race could be determined.
There were, however, some implements which be-
long to the race of the red men, such as axes and
knives, going to confirm the idea that the race
has occupied this country a long time. 8. Pot-
tery has been discovered on Ashley river, near
Charleston, of the same age as the mastodon. 9.
On the Florida reefs there had been found a frag-
ment of a human jaw with one tooth. This had
been calculated to have been there ten thousand
years. There is another case which, if true, car-
ries us still further back. Along the valley of the
Mississippi for about two hundred miles is what
may be called the loess formation, which he con-
sidered identical or coternporary with that of the
loess of the Rhine. In this are bones of the masto-
don and other animals, and among them portions
of human bone, which were not taken from their
place. If it be true that this was a genuine bone
of a human being, it would carry us back as far as
any of the European discoveries, for the discovery
of human remains in the tertiary is now denied, so
that none have been found but in some member of
the drift formation, or something more recent.
Dr. J. W. Foster, of Chicago, and Professor
Blake, of California, followed on the same subject.
They agreed with Professor Whittlesey that the
place of man in the creation is much earlier than
that usually given him, and that the age cf the
mound builders should be fixed much further back
than the six thousand years commonly allotted as
the age of the human race. They enlarged upon
the evidences of civilization among this ancient race,
and showed, by exhibiting examples of their work,
that they were not only much further advanced in
the arts than the red man, but that the form of the
features and the outline of the face were very dif-
ferent from those of the more recent race. Others
followed who were sceptical about the antiquity of
the remains.

Meetings were held is the evening by sections.
In section A au interesting paper was read by Pro-
fessor 0. A. Stoddard, ou the hot term of July,
1868. The general features of the hot period were
given, its intensity, long continuance, the belt of
country in which it was most mark2d, the unu3ual
moistness of the atmosphere during the whole term,
its apparent origin and progress westward. There
was no explanation attempted, but reference was