The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-20 00:00:00

ANOTHER ACCOUNT-AT SEA.

In addition to the foregoing we give the following
account of the explosion as it appeared at sea :
That enterprising officer Captain Bullock, so
well and deaervedly appreciated for his
eminent services in surveying various parts
of the coast, left Newhaven Harbour, in her
Majesty's steam-vessel the Widgeon, about mid-day,
having Sir John Rennie and others on board, and
hove to in the bay of Seaford for the Earl of Shef-
field, and other diAinguished parties expected to come
to have a sight of the grand explosion from the sea.
At about two o'clock several arrived, and the Wid-
geon steamed on to about a quarter of a mile
from the devoted part of the cliff, where
she anchored in an excellent position. The
ground so judiciously taken up by Captain
Bullock served as a guide for the various yachts
and other craft to take up their position also, and that
part of the bay was speedily filled with a multifarious
variety of flotilla, crowded with gay and expec-
tant visitors, who half trembled, .yet dared
to enjoy the grandeur of the risk 1 The
sea was smooth, with a running swell which rather
unsettled the fairer portion of the company, who did
not exactly comprehend.the beauty of the scene in its
full splendour with the same certainty
of being quite
safe, as if they were on terra firma.
As the hour of terror drew near, anxiety and curio-
sity seemed to struggle for relief among the crowd
of water-gazing people. Here and there a sensible
commotion occurred, as the doubt of whether
they would or would not yield to the idea
of sea-sickness prevailed ; bu*, altogether, a
fine delicate sense of decency seemed to weather the
storm, and curiosity triumphed. Meantime the
decks of the Widgeon were boarded on all sides
from boats crowded with distinguished people :
The Duke of Beaufort, General Sir James Mac-
donald (the bravest at the battle of Waterloo), Sir
Frederick Fitzclarence, commanding at Portsmouth;

Captain Fanshawe, Captain Mends, Count Nessel-
rode, T. Laurie Murray, Esq., Mrs. and Miss
Murray, H. A. Cowper, Consul at Pernambuco;
Mrs. Cowper, Miss Bland, P. A. Mahoney, jun.,
Esq., Sir H. Shiffner, &c., &c., who a 1 waited the
coming event with breathless expectancy.
About three o'clock suspense was at its utmost,
when we could clearly see men running from the
voltaic battery to the edge of the cliff, as if adjust-
ing the wires, and running back again. Then " all
was right!" But no! Another man ran back
again, and doubt was the order of the
hour. Presently he returned, and then a
long and uneasy pause ensued : people began to rub
their eyes, doubtful if they really saw the cliff, so in-
tense was their determination to have " a regular
good view of it !" Hush !—it is going r " No, it
won't go at all" when presently, as people
began to get tired of, their own wonderment,
out bulged the centre of the cliff zvith a quiet majesty,
pressed by an invisible agency, like the 'bellowing
sail of a man-of-war filled by the breezes of
heaven, and down went the cliff to its base,
with the top following in quiet succession,
and filling up the vacuum left behind with as
much order as if a company on parade whet2ed round
and took the place of the one who had just passed
off. Then came the crumbling—the dust—and
the rush into the sea! It was but a moment—the
eye gazed on in doubt if all was over or not
—when a surging wave rushed on into the
sea, bearing a white foam on its curling bead, on-
ward and onward, as "the bore" rushes up to Calcutta
with "still-impending threat"—and all was still,

save and except the returning wave from
the deep heaving back the foam and chalk which had
been carried seaward at the first impulse.
Then the excitement ceased, and people 'wondered
if all was over. Comment in every variety of opinion
poured forth—but one feeling pervaded the mass, that

great as it was, it might have been " better I"—S9
difficult is ignorance to be satilfied!
The best informed, however, agreed that " the
thing" was done wonderfully well, and reflected great
credit on the skill and efficiency of the engineering

officers who had charge of the affair—in which we

most cordially concur.

The work being now done, there is great doubt if
,he matter thrown out will prevent the shingle from

passing eastward. Our own opinion is that it
will not, unless piles be driven and other

accessories be resorted to to make a , com-
pact bulwark—and even then we have our

doubts, for a storm from the south-west, with a zpring
tide, will demolish the whole mound in one tide—
certainly in two—leaving the flint separated from the
chalk, which will be all washed away.

ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF THE
STATES OF AMERICA.

1. Maine was so called as early as 1638, from
Maine in France, of which Henrietta Maria, Queen
of England, was at that time proprietor.
2. New Hampshire was the name given to the ter-
ritory conveyed by the Plymouth Company to Capt.
John Mason, by patent, Nov. 7, )639, with reference
to the patentee, who was governor of Portsmouth, in
Hampshire, England.

3. Vermont was so called by the inhabitants in
their declaration of independence, Jan. 16, 1777, from
the French verd, green, and moat, mountain.
4. Massachusetts derived its name from a tribe of
Indians in the neighbourhood of Boston. The tribe
is supposed to have derived its name from the Blue
Hills of Milton. "I hare learned," says Roger
Williams, " that the Massachusetts were so called
from- the Blue Hills."

5. Rhode Island was so called in 1644, in reference
to the Island of Rhodes, in the Mediterranean.
6. Connecticut was so called from the Indian name
of its principal river.

7. New York (originally called New Netherlands)
was so called in reference to the Duke of York and
Albany, to whom this territory was granted.
8. New Jersey (originally called New Sweden)
was so named in 1644, in compliment to Sir George
Carteret, one of its original
proprietors, who had de-
fended the island of Jersey against the Long Parlia-
ment during the civil war of England.
9. Pennsylvania was so called in 1681, after William
Penn, the founder of Philadelphia.
10. Delaware was so called in 1703 from Delaware
Bay, on which it lies, and which received its name
from Lord De la Warr, who died in this bay.
11. Maryland was so called in honour of Henrietta
Maria, Queen of Charles 1., in his patent to Lord
Baltimore, June 30, 1632.

12. Virginia was so called in 1584, after Eliza-
beth, the virgin Queen of England.
13 rand 14. Carolina (North and South) was so
called in 1564, by the French, in honour of Charles
IX. of France.
15. Georgia was so called in 1772, in honour of
George 11.
16. Alabama was so called in 1817, from its prin-
cipal river.
17. Mississippi was so called in 1790, from its
western boundary. Mississippi is said to denote the
whole river ; that is, the river formed by the union of
many.
18. Louisiana was so called in honour of Louis
XVI. of France.
19. Tennessee was so called in 1796, from its prin-
cipal river. The word Tennessee is said to signify a
curved spoon.
20. Kentucky was so called in 1782, from its prin-
cipal river.
21. Illinois was so called in 1809, from its princi-
pal river. The word is said to signify the river of
men.
22. Indiana was so called in 1802, from the Ame-
rican Indians.
23. Ohio was so called in 1802, from its southern
boundary.
24. Missouri was so called in 1821, from its prin-
cipal river.
25. Michigan was so called in 1805, from the lake
on its borders.
26. Arkansas was so called in 1819, from its prin-
cipal river.
27. Florida was so called by Juan Ponce de Lion,
in 1562, because it was discovered on E Aster Sunday,
in Spanish, Pascua Florida.
28. Texas was so called by the Spaniards in 1690,
who that year drove out a colony of French who had
established themselves at Matagorda, and made their
first permanent s ttlement.
29. Wisconsin was so named in 1836, from the
river of the same name, when a territorial government
was formed.

30. lowa was so called in 1838, after a tribe of
Indians of the same name, and a separate territorial
government formed.

The fuundation.stone of a new church was laid at
wennoutl2 ou WodueoclaY.

JUNIUS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—The question, Who wrote Junius ? reminds
one of the old solecism, Qui fit Illiecenas? who made
Mmcenas ? Ut nemo? what, no one ? Quam sibi
sortem! what a lucky fellow ! So much has been
said, and well said, about Sir P. Francis, that it has
the air of a plagiarism to pursue the subject ; but
some of those statements read more like plead-
ings than arguments : the "grandson," one would
think, had memorialized Mr. Wade :—" You are a
literary artizan : set the controversy at rest, and ob-
tain for my grandinama the honour of having been
the faithful consort of the advanced years of the
author of the Letters of Junius,' and your memo-
rialist, as in duty bound, will ever pray." Happily,
none of Sir .Philip's representatives have a particle of
vanity, or this contingent, metonyonic amaranth,
would sorely tantalize them.
Altieru e Nitro do' suoi propij fregj
Piu che dell' op:4 che i pass Ai o.
Much has also been said and forgotten of Burke
as the real author. The main question was,
Who could have written the letters ? A consensus
of eminent persons in those times decided—
none but Burke. That Francis edited the let-
ters is as clear as that Burke wrote them ; and it is
barely possible the editor may not have known who
the mysterious contributor was ! save by that rag-
marok, or "twilight of the g0d.,," which sufficed to
show thinking men it could only be Burke. Probably,
if in the hurry of printing any interpolation or
change had been necessary, Francis was the last to
do it without discovery, from the idiosyncrasies of
his mind. The arguments from similarity of
style are fallacious : whoever wrote the Let-
ters nullum fere scribendi genus non attigit, nul-
lum quod 'digit non ornasit. Burke had already
imitated Bolingbroke (awful name), so as to deceive
every one : the Sublime and Beautiful appeared ano-
nymously. We have still among us an illustrious
Irishman who affects the style coupe. Burke's versa-
tility enabled him to write Phdo-Junius, Vet-ran,
Miles, and what not? Lord G. Germaine, Fran-
cis, Calcraft, Rosenhagen—hoc genus omne, could not
write more unlike Burke than himself when he pleased.
Burke was facile princeps—Francis, ultirnus
Romanorum: one was the author, the other, to use
his own phrase, " managed the conveyancing depart-
ment :" for Francis to have written one of the let-
ters was morally as impossible as it was physically so
for Burke to undertake the conveyancing. The
Junius firm extended to several persons
who collected materials, threw them into
the "Lion's mouth" of a tremendous inquisition,
and frequently wrote on their own account. Were
they formally iniated ? No, they guessed the author,
as 'Wilkes, Horne Tooke, and even Lord Grenville,
who once said in a large company, " I know who
Junius was, and will never reveal it." Horne Tooke
crossed his knife and fork, and said solemnly, " I do."
All this would be absurd if Francis had been the
author, and his own solemn silence still more absurd,
for what, in the name of nonsense, would be the
consequence if, in after times, Junius were ascer-
tained to be Francis ? But, if Burke wrote the
letters he was a conspicuous mark, and " could not
survive the discovery three days." To save his life,
" to spare the meek usurper's holy head," was the
object of his many friends. In Burke's com-
pany they mentioned gravely " the im-
penetrable mystery of Junius," and it was
understood that no one must deny being the author.
In fact, Burke was the only person who ever denied
it. Johnson said, that if Burke had been asked he
would have been completely justified in denying,
but that he had heard him deny it without being
asked. He might have had the very same
question put to him ten minutes before and
this delicate casuistry shows Johnson to have
been very sensible of his danger. No one can now
read the Letters and wisb, all things considered, to
have written them : it was humiliation as well as
danger. Burke had no choice but disgrece or perpe-
tual exile like that of Byron, and Mathias, author of
the Pursuits of Literature.
In Francis the duty of shielding Burke coincided
with self•congratulation at having shared the peril
and been almost as essential to the plot as himself:
therefore he actively mystified every one. The an-
cient hieroglyph fur the world is smrabceus, or blind
beetle, and some men, it has been observed, find more
pleasure in deceiving that world than even in making
money. Francis did both. Burke extolled Francis
beyond measure, which is natural in persons who
have risked their lives together. Burke's society
elevated the genius and character of Francis in com-
mon with all other politicians. For a long time they
were "inseparables ;" at the very least, Francis was
a tried, able, and faithful friend.

A conviction that Francis could not be the sole
author must have led Mr Taylor to what Mr. Wade
calls his first fix on Dr. Francis, translator of Horace.
I had the same conviction, and drew the same infer-
ence, till after reading a collection of Dr. Francis's
anonymous pamphlets, and finding them much infe-
rior to those of his son. The real Junius was as if
a "long 32," or gun a la Paixhans, had cut sheer
through both sides of a ship, oak and iron, deep into
the granite, and the shot were attributed to a
four-pounder, then and there in battery, or else the
four-pounder went off at the same time, and was not
heard. Sir P. Francis was the best pamphleteer of
his time—a master of writing, who would also have
made an excellent writing-master; which exemplifies
Goethe's remark that a good handwriting is as im-
portant as a good style, or may lead to one. All this
makes it more probable, to use a phrase of the
Examiner, that " he often held the pen for others."
In 1816, when he had just published a letter
missive to Lord Holland, Sir Philip was precisely
"The fine old English Gentlemau" frontispiece to the
melody so called. You felt he was a clear-headed,
stout-hearted, (pen-handed Englishman, sensitive, ir-
ritable, very feeling and humane, passionately just,
that is, generous ; nay he had, what is rare, the
talent of justice, the penser juste, the droiture of
min& He considered trunk a species of athletic,
calisthenic exercise, and when singing, modulated
unconsciously at three or four extraneous keys.
A boy of fourteen years old being present, he
shouted to him repeatedly, " Your g man, don't
betray your country !" The young man dared not
laugh, and never forgot his advice. So voracious
was his love of fame, that when difficulties were made
about the Order of the Bath his violence was extreme ;
he threatened to Junius the Ministry, or, strictly
speaking, to burke them if they refused him a riband.
The short human span, the rapid succession of
births, deaths, and marriages, divide history into
small personal squares, as an engraver reduces a pic-
ture, and if any object is not in its proper compart-
ment the design is incorrect. Here the dates are as
conclusive as the reasons. The correspondence began,
some time before the signature of Junius was adopted,
in 1767. In 1766 Lord Rockingham went out ;
Burke was his private secretary, more or less
unemployed, well informed, disappointed, and 37 years
old, the precise age of Napoleon at Austerlitz. Francis
was ten years younger. Now, could a fiery
young man of twenty-seven, much given to pleasure,
have organized a conspiracy which throws Catiline's
into the shade? Remembering always that the whole
case turns on one point, Who was capable ?
Who was the canorus ales, the hyperborean
literary swan with pride and ample pinion? And
not at all, What could Sir Philip have meant when
he presented the lady with a vellum copy of the Iden-
tified At the same time he had no qualities—not
even that of patience, to justify the phrase " little
provender," applied to him by Mr. Wade and as-
sistants, in speaking of his remunerative price.
O'Connell felt perfectly certain without a shadow
of doubt that Junius was an Irishman, which nar-
rows the question considerably, and excludes Francis,
who was born in England, and whose father though
an Irishman was a denizen of England. Still more
was he certain that Burke wrote the letters.
No one could sift evidence or appreciate
the weight of testimony better than O'Connell, nor
judge more wisely of eloquence, whether spoken or
written, nor trace the career of an Irishman obtaining
the highest distinction in England and Europe. One
of his, reasons was, that Junius somewhere speaks of
Dublin Castle as " the Castle," and that whoever did
so must be an Irishman.
I have the honour to be, Sir, Sce.,
H. C.

The citizens of Worcester have declined, on the
plea of expense, to appoint a medical officer under the
Public Health Act.

Yesterday the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, Messrs.
Lawrence and Nicoll, gave a most sumptuous entertainment
toot,herea were l
Judges andaid f
otuhrerfis,fta:,.
AmongsttheSessioiis-thhoeused,isOtilndgush
Bailey.ied
C
guests we noticed—The French Ambassador, the American
Minister, Mr. Justice Williams, Mr. Justice Talf urd, Alder-
men Kelly, Gibbs, Hooper, Hunter, Moon, Challis, and
Finnis. The Common Sergeant, Mr. Commissioner Gurney,
Q.C., Sir J. J. Hensler, Mr. Under-Sheriff Millard, Mr.
Under-Sheriff Wire, Colonel Itotcb, U.S., Mr. Philip, Mr.
Rose, of the United States Par, Professor Davis, U.S.,
Messrs. W. Lawrence, Pawsvn, James Lawrence, Alfred
Dale, Campbell, H. J. Nicoll, G. Smith, Dr. Davison,
chaplain to Mr. Sheriff Lawrence, the Ordinary, &c.
The expense to the corporation of Edinburgh ter
ringing bells upon the occasion of her Majesty's late visit
was just I/. 17s. 6d. The ringers tugged at the ropes for
exactly two hours, and each man received half-a-crown.
The resident magistrates of Portsburgh expended 31. 6s. in
renewing their batons on the same occasion.
When the works now in progress are completed
Edinburgh will be supplied with 1,376 gallons i f water per
minute. In 184 the supply from all sources waA only 560
gallons per minute, so that it has been, or will be nearly
trebled.

The compliments of the world cre seldom more
sincere than those of the undertaker, who wishes the dying
person may be better.—Eliza Cook's Journal.

There are now on the stocks in New York
eighteen ocean steamers of the aggregate tonnage of 24,600
tons. Most of them are intended for California, in addition
to which sailing chips are building for the India trade.
The Head Mastership of the proprietary school of
Foster 541:114013, ikti&
Bishops Stortford has been conferred on the Rey, George

LITERATURE.
ANDERSON'S GUIDE to the HIGHLANDS.
Under this modest title the Messrs. George and
Peter Anderson, of Inverness, have compiled a work
of very extraordinary merit and completeness. Al-
though professing to accomplish little, the book is a
guide to the Islands and Lowlands as well as to the
Highlands, in fact to evt ry portion of Scotland without
exception, so that its utility must extend itself to
every stranger visiting the various and picturesque
counties of Caledonia. Many will doubtless
remember the volume as it appeared origi-
nally, being reminded of it nevertheless more
by the name of its authors than by its intrinsic
resemblance. We say this in consequence of the
remarkable improvements perceptible throughout, im-
provements which render the present edition inarnea •
surably superior to its predecessor. Besides append-
ing a condensed sketch of the Lowlands, and thereby
completing the labour so admirably commenced, the
writers have materially enhanced the value of the
Guide to all strangers travelling to the Highlands by
commencing the routes not at Inverness, as formerly,
but at a central point between Inverness and the
South. Besides this new districts have been person-
ally visited by the Messrs. Anderson, who have
thereby enabled themselves to infuse an additional
truthfulness and vraisemblance into their descriptions.
As to the bulk of the volume, it appears to have un-
dergone a thorough and searching revision. The
letter-press is adorned throughout with a variety of
illustrative wood-cuts. A clearly engraved and
authentic map of the country renders the whole more
comprehensive than it could otherwise have been if
devoid of that most useful embellishment. Of the
routes depicted there are no less than four : the first
being from Glasgow to Oban, Fort William, and In-
verness ; the second from Perth to Inverness, across
the Grampians by the highland road, through Athole,
Badenocb, Strathspey, and Strathdearn ; the
third from Aberdeen to Inverness by sea, and
through the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, Elgin,
and Nairn ; the fourth from Inverness to Tain, Gol
spie, Wick, Thurso, and John O'Groat's. One sec-
tion is devoted entirely to the town of Inverness;
another sketches the Western Islands and Cantyre ;
another the Orkney Islands and Zetland ; the Lowlands
being described in a compact but comprehensive ap-
pendix. No:guide-book could by possibility afford
greater facilities for reference, the volume being
furnished not only with a copious index, but also with
an inestimable table of distances. Added to all this a
chapter consisting of general observations on the
Highlands and Islands of Scotland, and an
account of all the principal approaches to the High-
lands, of tile Highland roads, of the inns, coaches,
and steam navigation, and it must be sufficiently ap-
parent that the book is replete with information.
Besides all the advantages which we have already
particularised as characterising the "Guide Book"
of the Messrs. Anderson, it should be borne in mind
that theirs is no dry and tedious narrative, but one
illuminated throughout with the most charming
prose and poetical quotations, adding to the useful
ness of a cicerone the interest of an educated and in
telligent companion.