The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-08 00:00:00

THE SUN,

of his rent, and this suit was instituted by Warner on
the ground of its being excessive. The Lord Chief
Justice, told the jury he was ef opinion that, as a nies-
senge- from the Court of Bankruptcy had entertd, the
dr!tenclant could set that up ag-ainst Warner, and that
Wafeer had not sufficient property in the goods after
the mesengcr entered to suppAtt en action. Mr. Hum-
trey now contended that the Learned Judge was wrong
in his direction, as there bad preTiou.ly been a bona
fide transfer of the property to Warner by Bishop.
The COURT promised to consult LtHd Truro with re-
gard to the evidence in the case.

SOW-STREET.—(THIS DAY.)
This morning a young woman, named Elizabeth
Burhc, the wife of a lithographic printer, was charged
bet ore Mr. Jardine with attempting to commit self-de-
struction by swallowing a quantity of laudanum.
Police Sergeant Chadwicke, of the F Division, said
about six o'clock last night he was called by the land-
lord of the house No. 5, Vere-street, Clare-market, who
stated thet one of his lodgers had attempted to commit
suicide. He went up to the second-floor front room,
occupied by the prisoner and her husband. He found
the prisoner lying upon the bed. She had sent a boy to
three different chemists for laudanum, and she had pur-
chased thr, e-pennyworth of that poison, the whole of
which she had swallowed. She said the cause of her
attempting her lite was in consequence of her husband,
who was a Roman Catholic, forcing her to go to the
priest. She did not approve of it, as she was a Protes-
tant, and it had preyed upon her mind. She also said
her husband bad threatened to desert her and her two
children if she did not secede to the Roman Catholic
faith. Witness removed her to the King's College
Hospital, a here the stomach pump was applied.
The prisoner, who cried bitterly during the examina-
tion of the sergeant, said she had nothing to say in
answer to the charge.
The husband of the prisoner was then called into the
court. He said his wife had been very low-spirited
during the last few days. He accounted for the altera-
tion in her conduct, because he wanted her to go to his
chapel. She was of a different religion to himself, and
he thought his religion was the best.
Mr. JARDINE said it would have been much better if
be had allowed her to follow her own inclination. At
present she was not in a fit state to be trusted alone, and
he should take care of her and send her to a place where
she would be properly attended to.
The prisoner was then remanded for a weak, and the
worthy magistrate allowed her to have the care of her
child while she was in prison.

PTARLBRO'-STKEET—(THIS DAY.)
Harriet Vellum, a girl, 15 years of age, was placed be-
fore, Mr. Hardwick, charged with stealing fourteen silk
handkerchief's, the property of Mrs. Mary Kay, draper,
51, Tottenham Court-road. She was also charged with
having two fur victorines and a roll of ribbon in her pos-
session, supposed to have been stolen from another
draper's shop.
The prosccutrix stated that yesterday afternoon the
prisoner came into her shop and purchased two pairs of
stockings and six yards of calico, which she paid for and
left the shop. Directly she was gone witness found a
parcel, containing seven silk handkerchiefs, lying upon
the chair on which the prisoner had been sitting. A box
close by, containing several pieces of handkerchiefs, was
also found open, and on witness looking over its
contents she missed two pieces of silk handker-
chiefs, besides the one she found on the chair. She
then sent for a constable, and gave him a description of
the prisoner, whom she suspected had stolen them.
While she was speaking to the constable the prisoner
came in again, and said she had left two victorines be-
hind her on the counter, at the same time taking them
4.ff the counter. Witness then taxed her with stealing
the handkerchiefs. when she said " Pray forgive me, I
was told to do it by a woman outside the door." She
was then given into custody.
Police-constable 100 C said he took the prisoner into
custody, and on the way to the police-station she told
him a woman, who sells lucifers in the streets, and
whom she met the same morning at Islington, had per-
suaded her to rob the prosecutrix. On arriving at the
station she was searched, and a parcel containing two
fur victorines, a roll of ribbon, and a pair of gloves
were found upon her, The handkerchiefs had not been
found.
The prisoner now, in defence, said she met a woman
who sells lucifers in the street, and she requested her to
go into the shop and buy the calico and stockings. She
did so, and when she came out of the shop the woman
was cone. She (prisoner) denied stealing either the
handkerchiefs or the victorines and ribbon. The lucifer
woman bought them both and gave her one for herself,
and the ribbon she gave her to sell.
Mr. Hammiest. said it was a most improbable story,
and asked if any of the girl's friends were in attendance?
The prisoner's mother, a decent respectable-looking
woman, with an infant in her arms, here stepped for-
ward and, in tears, said the prisoner was the eldest of 12
children, but unfortunately she was a lazy indolent girl,
and would not learn to do anything that was taught her.
Yesterday morning she gave her 2s. 6d. to purchase
some calico and two pairs of stockings, at a shop close
by her house, at Hackney. She (prisoner) never re-
turned, and they were up all night in search of her; and
to their great grief and surprise a constable came to her
house this morning, and told them she was in the sta-
tion-house on the charge of felony. The poor woman
added that her husband was employed in an iron foundry,
where he had been for more than eight years, and he
was always talking to the child upon the evils of lying
and dishonesty.
Mr. HARDwicK said it was a shocking case in one so
young to turn to thieving. He should now remand her
till Wednesday next,

VISIT OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE
ALBERT TO THE REGISTRY AND HOME
OF THE SERVANTS' PROVIDENT AND BE-
NEVOLENT SOCIETY.

This day, his Royal Highness, who, with her Majesty,
is joint patron of this society, visited its establish-
infnts, Nos. 49 and 49A, Great Marlborough-street.
They comprise an office for the transaction of the Go-
vernment Annuity business, a registry for male and
female servants, and a home for female servants out of
place.
As his Royal Highness had signified a wish that his
visit should be quite private, no company were invited to
meet him. In the absence of the Bishop of London, the
President of the Society, who was officially engaged
elsewhere, the Prince was received by the directors. He
minutely inspected the whole of the premises, including
those models of neatness and comfort the dormitories for
the female servants. His Royal Highness also examined
the account-book and registers, and made many perti-
nent and acute remarks respecting the accounts of the
annuity business, and the descriptive registers in the
male and female retistry departments.
The whole of the establishment, secretary, matron,
registrar, and investigator of characters, were in their
places, and all appeared to be ready for the commence-
ment oF business on Monday next.
The Prince remained for a considerable time, and ex-
pressed his gratification with what he had seen, and
with the. increase and success of the society. We must
not omit to mention that his Royal Highness has now
added a donation of 501. to his recent donation of 1001.

A GRAND ROMAN CATHOLIC DINNER, AND THE
PREMIER DUKE.—It is said that several of the leading lay
Roman Catholics contemplate having a grand dinner at the
Freemasons' Hall, in honour of the restoration of their
hierarchy ; his Grace the Duke of Norfolk in the chair.
NEW YORK, OCT. 23.—There is a rumour afloat
here that the Pope has sent a well-informed and eminent
dignitary of his Church to proceed to California, to ascer-
tain the validity of the title of the Jesuit missions to a large
portion of the territory. This investigation, if made, will
cause a stir in California.
COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL• THE LORD
MAYOR'S FAREWELL ADDRESS.—At the close of the Com-
mon Council meeting yesterday, Mr. Wilkinson having been
appointed chief clerk of the City Small Debts' Couit, in the
room of Mr. Jupp, resigned, tfie Lord Mayor said,—" Gen •
tlemen, this is the last time I shall have the honour of ad-
dressing ycu from the chair. I beg, therefore, to thank you
for all your kindness, and the considerate manner in which
you have assisted me during the time of my mayoralty. I
have often felt my inability to discharge the duties imposed
upon me in this court, but you have so well supported me
upon all occasions, that my duty has many times ceased to
be onerous ; so that I now feel most anxious thus publicly
to tender to you my most grateful thanks for your kindness,
and to bid you all a most affectionate farewell."—(Cheers.)
ARCHIMEDES, RUSSIAN STEAMER.—HAMBURGH,
Nov. 2. - A letter from Copenhagen contains the following
details of the wreck of the Russian war steamer Archimedes,
Captain Glasserup ; -"This steamer, whose engines are on
the screw principle, and which was proceeding from the Bay
of Kjoege, Zealand, to Kiel, in the Duchy of Holstein, was
thrown by a violent tempest on the rocks of Hoiderodde,
situated at the entrance of the port of Rcenne, in the Isle of
Ronde lm. The Archimedes went to pieces, and it was by
the extreme activity of the pilots and fishermen of Rcenne
that the crew and troops on board, in all 420 men, were
able to pass into boats. One of these unfortunately upset,
and seven soldiers were drowned. The Archimedes was
built last year in England, and was one of the finest steamers
of the Russian navy. It was on its first voyage. It is hoped
to save the rigging and the guns."—British and Hamburgh
Standard.
COURT OF LIEUTENANCY.—Yesterday, at a Court
of Lieutenancy for the city of London, held at the Guildhall,
the Right Hon. the Lord 'Mayor in the chair, it was resolved,
on the motion of Sir John Pelly, and seconded by Mr. James
Anderson, that the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor be requested
to convene a Court of Lieutenancy by public notice, to con.
sider of presenting an address to her Majesty expressive of
the opinion of this Court on the late unwarrantable assump-
tion of authority by the Bishop of Rome to exercise spiritual
jurisdiction within this realm, in derogation of her Majesty's
prerogative and the Protestant Government of this country.
Resolved unanimously, on the motion of Mr."Alderm tan
Hunter, seconded by Mr. Blasterman, M.P. : That he
best thanks f this Court are pre-eminently due to the Right
Hon. the Lord Mayor for his able conduct in the chair this
day. Ordered also, that above resolutions be advertised in
the usual morning papers." Adjourned.
THE WEST INDIA MAILS.—In consequence of
complaints from the West Indies, that the West India mail
packets leave the various islands before the time appointed,
orders hate been issued by Government, that on no ac-
count must the packets be allowed to leave the ports of
call before the periods mentioned in the published official
snail route scheme. Hitherto when the packets have arrived
at any of the stations before their time, they have left
after the interval has elapsed which bas been allowed for
coaling or exchanging mails, without reference to the hour
bsweth.e
ineThhaori a exceptedwfir,okmh
itsl shee
or the day at which they ought to leave. In future this
will no longer
ew
be permitted. The only island which has
principaln
instructions
io roi g
ai s
st
thaet
ilo
the mails conveyed by the West India steamers are
distributed. snlanfdromof

To know exactly how much mischief may be ven-
tured upon with impunity is knowledge sufficient for a little
great man.—Eliza Cook's Journal.
MANCHESTER TRADE REFORT, THURSDAY, Nov.
7.—There is no change in to-day's market. Holders of
goods and yarns are very arm, but little business has been
dash

LONDON,

FINANCIAL CONDITION OF AUS-
TRIA, AND HER MILITARY AND poLm-
CAL POWER.
Frederick the Great, the policy of whose genius
still animates and directs the conduct of Prussia,
ltsys great stre-s in his memoirs of his own times on
the fact " that France and all the states of Germany
were in 1763 exhausted in their funds, except those of
the King of Prussia, who alone had always one year's
revenue in advance in his coffers." In the annals of
finance we find no example of a nation having so
struggled through such calamitous humiliations and
exactions as Prussia endured from the victories and
dictation of Napoleon, and which has throughout not
only maintained her credit untarnished, but has ac-
tually reduced her whole national debt to a sum not
equal to the amount levied by the English Customs in
one year on tea, sugar,:coffee, tobacco, wine, and spirits,
which in 1849 yielded, at reduced duties, 19.232,4611.,
the national debt of Prussia being 120,000,000
thalers, or 18,000,0001. sterling ; but since then, it is
true, a loin of 20 000,000 thalers has been added to
provide for eventualities arising out of the state of
Germany.
How has stood, and how &es Austria stand ? In his
commercial statistics now completed, Mr. Macgregor
states—" This empire occupies 11,631 German square
miles, or 258,000 English square miles of the surface
of Europe : that is, 45,000 more than France,
138,000 more than the United Kingdom, and 141,000
more than all the States of Prussia. The surface of
the Austrian empire has pre-eminently the ad-
vantage of varied and extensive productive regions,
yielding, or capable of growing, corn, rice,
wine, oil, honey, wool, silk, hemp, flax, tobacco, mad-
der, all useful vegetables, and delicious fruits—iron,
coal, salt, and other minerals and products in abun-
dance—cattle, swine, horses, and sheep; with the
Danube and other great rivers, extending inland na-
vigation to almost every part of the empire; with
many seaports on the ;Adriatic; with her states also
joining each other, and with a population generally
industrious and orderly. All these advantages and
blessings, therefore, render the Austrian empire ca-
pable of being one of the most rich and powerful states
in the world. But the empire is without unity of
tradition, races, history, or language—and the spirit
of the supreme government—the inflexibility of
bureaucratic routine—the mechanical heaviness of
the military organization—the non-amalgamation of
classes—and the almost total exclusion of learned and
scientific men from the society of the aristocracy,all
constitnted elements of change or disintegration.
" The fallacious principle of prohibiting foreign
commodities in order to force home manufactures into
existence, and to promote and maintain their pros-
perity with the patriotic and even paternal view of in•
creasing the general wealth and power of the state—
the establishment of Government and individual mo-
nopolies, all which in practice subjugated the whole
nation to impoverishing, indirect taxation, without
enriching the treasury, and for the benefit, at most,
only of the few instead of the many, have formed that
smothering system which had long paralysed, and
still continues to oppress the commerce, fiscal in-
deperce, and effective power of Austria.
" With the good intentions of a liberal and ardent
mind, but not of a sufficiently matured or sound
judgment, Joseph 11. enfeebled his country by the
false commercial and financial legislation which be
directed his Minister, Prince Kaunitz, to enforce.
He subjected Austria, in consequence, to all the mis-
fortunes that an empty and bankrupt treasury are
sure to bring upon nations as well as upon mdi-

viduals.
" A rigorous system, nearly in every respect pro-
hibitory, was enforced by that sovereign. An expen-
sive army of preventive custom-house agents was
stationed around the frontiers, and monopolies of
trade and manufactures, to be carried on by Govern-
ment, or by individuals, were established. Of these,
the monopoly of sugar granted to certain individuals,
and the monopolies of salt and tobacco, as managed
by the corrupt employ es of the Hof hammer (finance
department) were the most ruinous to the treasury.
" The late revolution, for we cannot consider it
under any other term, was caused by the denial of
those political, and representative rights, which the
progress of civilization, and the diffusion of know-
ledge, among the middle and industrious, rendered it
impossible, either for the sovereign or the aristocracy,
longer to withhold. The financial history of Austria
is too instructive for us to cast it aside, when inquiring
into the condition of Germany.
" Maria Theresa, rather than free her empire from
the barbarous shackles of restriction, and consequently
increase her revenue, descended to the humiliating
expedient of public begging in the churches ; and so
far was she reduced in her finances, that, to secure, in
her need, the alliance of France, she condescended to
correspond and pay court to Farinella and Madame
de Pompadour, both royal mistresses ; and, both of
whom the virtuous, and chaste, empress would no
doubt have immured in a convent, if she had had them
at Vienna.
" The first wars of the French revolution, not only
soon emptied the treasury, but the public debt was
increased by every possible expedient, to an amount
which was cleared off by the most discreditable coup
de main on record.
"Count Wallis, called by the Emperor from the post
of Oberst-burg-graf in Prague, was appointed Mi-
nister of Finance in Vienna, for the whole empire.
Lie soon perceived that the financial measures of
Counts Sauran, Zicby, and O'Donnell, from 1790 to
1811, were mere temporary expedients for momentary
distress, and not calculated for permanent income to
provide for future exigencies. Voluntary contribu-
tions had been demanded ; the silver of the churches
had been used ; a base currency, intrinsically of half
its nominal value, had been issued ; the exportation
of the precious metals had been prohibited ; a com-
pulsory loan of seventy-five millions of florins bad
been exacted, to diminish the exorbitant amount of
imperial bank-notes which were issued ; additional
enormous duties had been laid upon sugar and all
tropical produce ; the post-money had been raised
two or three times ; a property-tax of one-half per
cent. had been levied ; and the Emperor, who Had
publicly promised to issue no imperial bank-notes
for the future, was again compelled to have recourse
to that ruinous expedient. All was in vain ! The
following statement has become history :
"The floating bank• notes had imperceptibly risen to
1,060,000,000 of florins (106.000,0001. sterling) ; the
amount of the interest paying debt was not exactly
ascertained ; it was, doubtless, even more considerable.
the salaries of all public officers and the expenditure
of the state had risen enormously in proportion to the
depreciation of currency ; all these evils were now to
be remedied by the bold project of- the determined
Count Wallis.
" Tne coup dßat which that minister carried into
execution was approved of by his late Majesty the
Emperor Francis. On the 11th of February, 1811,
the orders were printed with the greatest secresy in
the Imperial printing-office; a copy of the warrant
was sent sealed to all the governors of the empire,
who were to open it at the same hour, on the 15th of
March, 1811 ; these orders were instantly to be acted
upon, without remonstrance, and without the assent of
the states; and they were promulgated amidst the roll
of military drums. This master-stroke consisted in
the substitution of quittances for bank-notes, so that
rive florins of the latter were paid by one florin of the
former, in all public and private engagements.
" The whole financial system of the empire was
thus changed ; the usual notion of right and property
was entirely violated by a general national bank-
ruptcy. The war of 1813 drew forth a fresh issue of
212,000,000f1. in paper, besides anticipation-scheine
(notes issued to be paid by anticipated tunds) to three
times that amount. When Count Stadion succeeded
Count Wallis the paper money became so valueless
that he found it necessary to reduce it from 250 to
100. In consequence, the property of minors, hos-
pitals, all institutions, and capitalists, was reduced
from one hundred to twenty by Wallis, and from
twenty to eight by Stadion—that is, in the two na-
tional bankruptcies, creditors of all kinds received
only eight florins in state paper for every hundred due
to them in silver. Yet all this was of no comparison
to the corruption of morals introduced amongst the
people. Every one endeavoured by all or any
means to make up for his unmerited loss. The per-
manent disadvantage to the state was still g erater.
It was compelled to borrow, after the peace, first
20,000,000, and afterwards 38,000,000 from Roths-
child, and soon after nearly as much from other con-
tractors."
Twice afterwards the Government we"e guilty of
acts that nearly, though not so flagrantly, dishonoured
the national faith.
In 1831 a loan of near 100,000,000 florins was con-
tracted ; and unfortunately the expenditure of Austria
has ever since exceeded the receipts : while Prussia,
under far inferior natural advantages, paid off an im-
mense amount of her national debt, and will, if neces-
sary, be in five years altogether unincumbered. No
one can tell the present state of the Austrians, further
than that the land is overflowed with a paper circu-
lation not worth a twentieth of its nominal value
there is little doubt that the Empire is threefold in
a state of bankruptcy.
No calamity can ever justify the national bank-
ruicecy of a respectable Government.
A French writer contended "That in an absolute
Government like France, the reigning prince has only
a temporary interest in the revenue of the state, and
consequently that it would be not only a prudent, but
even a legal operation to annihilate the public debt at
the commencement of each reign." This diabolical
maxim may have been read by Count Wallis, but he
should have remembered, as Imperial Minister, what
Icing John of France declared, " That if honour had
fled the world, it ought still to be found in the bosom
of princes."
if Austria were as clear of financial difficulty as
Prussia; and if a liberal revenue system of commer-
cial and financial legislation were established, we
might still consider it possible that the integrity of
the empire, with the exception of the Lombardo-