The Sun.
London, England, 1868-07-03 00:00:00

LAW AND POLICE.

THE CHINESE EIIII3ASSY.

(From the Anglo-American Times)
This mission has excited great interest in the
United States. They are ambassadors from a na-

tion embracing a third of the human race ; one with
whom the United States on its Pacific shores will
be allied as neighbours, interchanging commodities,
and acting and re-acting on each other to an ex-
tent perhaps now little appreciated. The fact that
Anson Burlingame, himself an American, has been
selected as head of an Embassy to represent abroad
the most exclusive, prejudiced, and conceited of all

peoples, is a high compliment to the Republic. He
was born in New Berlin, New York, on the 14th

of November, 1822. When quite young, he acconz-

panied his father to the " Western Reserve," Ohio,
and afterward to Michigan, before its admission to
the sisterhood of States. From the Branch Univer-

sity, of which he entered the Harvard University
Law School, under Justic3 Story, where he took the

degree of LL.B., and commenced the practice
of law at the Old State House, Boston, in
partnership with Mr. Briggs, son of the late
Governor Briggs of Massachusetts. In 1813 Mr.
Burlingame entered the political arena in sup-

port of the Free Soil movement, and afterward
became identified with the Republican party. Soon
after taking his degrees at the Law School he be-
came a member of the Senate of la.qsachusetts, and
was chairman of the committee appointed to accorn-

pany Kossuth in his New England tour. He was
afterwards a delegate, from the town of North-
boro', to the Constitutional Convention, together
with Governor Boutwell, Charles Sumner, and R.
H. Dana, junior. In 1853 he was elected to the
National House of Representatives, and served six
years as a representative of Boston and Cambridge.
His celebrated speech denouncing the assault pon
Charles Sumner brought him prominently before
the public as a champion of the Auti-Slavery move-
ment. He was rendered still more conspicuous by
the affair with Preston S. Brooks, of South Caro-
-1 lina, whose challenge he accepted, and chose the
rifle as his weapon. Mr. Burlingame was skilled

in the use of that instrument of destruction, but

had no opportunity of exhibiting his prowess, as
the challenger failed to insist upon the combat. Mr.
Burlingame was very active in the political cam-
paign of 1856 to 1860, and shortly after the inaugu-
ration of Mr. Lincoln the latter tendered him the
mission to Austria. The Government of Austria de-
clined to receive him, in consequence of his action
in behalf of the doctrine of the "Unification of
Italy," and Mr. Burlingame was appointed to repre-
sent the United States iu China, a mission thtt he
has fulfilled to the satisfaction of both Governments.
The Embassy arrived at the Metropolitan Hotel,
Washington, June 1, and flung out to the breeze
the immense Chinese flag, pennant-shaped, bear-
ing a huge dragon, with Chinese characters in
black upon a white ground, preSented by the Emperor
as the special colours of the Embassy. After
delivering the Emperor's letter to the President
the Embassy visited the Hall of the Representatives,
Mr. Burlingame responding to the Speaker's ad-
dress of welcome, as follows :—" Mr. Speaker, on
behalf of my associates and myself, I thank you for
this warm and unusual reception. It transcends
all personal compliments. It is the greeting of
one great people by another. It is the Oc-
cident and the Orient, for the first time in that
electric contact whose touch 'makes the whole world
kin.' It is the meeting of two civilizations, which
have hitherto revolved in separate spheres. It is
a mighty revolution. Let us hope, sir, that it will
go on without those convulsions which are too
apt to mark great changes in human affairs. Let
us hope that it will be achieved, without the shed-
ding of one drop of human blood. We are for
peace. We come not with the beat of the drum,
nor martial tread, though representing the latent
power of 80,000,000 of fighting men. We are the
heralds of good will. We ask for China that equa-
lity without which nations and men are degraded.
We seek not only the good of China, but seek your
good and the good of all mankind. We do this in
no sentimental sense. We would be practical, as
the toiling millions whom we represent. We in vite
you to broader trade ; we invite you to a more inti-
mate examination of the structure of Chinese
; we invite you to a better appreciation of
the manners of that people, their temperance, their
patience, theirhabits of scholarship, their competitive
examinations, their high culture of tea and silk ;
and we shall ask for them,lfrom you, modern science,
which has taken its great development within the
memory of man and the holy doctrine of our Chris-
tian faith. It is for the West to say what our re-
ception shall be. It is for the West to say whether
or not it was sincere when it continued for a long
time to invite China to more intimate relations
with it. It is for the West to say whether it is for
a fair and open policy, or for one founded on
prejudice and on that assumption of superi-
ority which is justified neither by physical
ability nor by moral elevation. The people of
the United States have responded through their
Executive, and through this House, and through
their Speaker, with an unanimity and a nobility of
sentiment which makes me proud of the civilization
in which I was reared and glad to see it passed in
review by the scholars and statesmen of China. I
trust, sir, that the American people will abide by
that sentiment, and hope that it is but an earnest
of that which will meet us on the shores of the dis-
tant seas and on the banks of the beautiful rivers
which you, sir, have named. Thanking the House
for this reception, and you, sir, for the felicitous and
able manner in which you have expressed its
welcome, we wait such further action as the pro-
prieties of the occasion may require. (Applause
and clapping of hands by the members on the floor
and by the spectators in the galleries."
On the 9th a great State dinner was given them
at the White House, but Mr. Sumner did not attend,
though chairman of the Senate Committee of Foreign
Affairs, and formally invited by his dear friend
Andrew Johnson, but Reverdy Johnson one of the
committee did, and General Banks, Chairman of
the House Committee, was among the guests.
On the 10th the Chinese visited Mount Vernon,
under the guidance of Mr. M'Culloch, who ordered
a revenue steamer to be fitted up, and invited a
party to meet them. They spent some hours in
wandering about the grounds in the old mansion
and at the tomb, and returned after a day all the
more enjoyed, from the surprising knowledge they
displayed of the great military operations which
have made the name of the Potomac renowned in
story, as well as an intimate acquaintance with the
life of the patriot. Nor was this lessened by
copious libations, as they have shown the fascina-
tion champagne has for the celestials, who solemnly
tossoff the lively, dancing, sparkling wine. They take
much interest in mechanical and scientific inven.
tions, and devote a portion of their time to a grave
study of the subject, though their curiosity some-
times betrays them into a forgetfulness of their
impassive dignity. One of the questions brought
Officially to their attention is the feasibility as well
as desirability of introducing China into the inter-
national system
of coinage. Considering that ex-
change is there transacted by weight Of metal, and
not by stamped coin, no great difficulty could be
experienced, particularly as foreign barter is con-
fined almost wholly to a very limited and wealthy
class. One of the first visits of the Embassy
will be to Cuba, to inquire into the traffic
in coolies, which from time to time has excited
public attention by the horrible catastrophes to
which it has given rise. It is absolutely necessary
for a Mandarin of rank and authority to have the
power of investigating cases of kidnapping in Peru,
in Chili, in Cuba, and in Brazil. The deception
and the force by which the coolies are often dragged
from their homes, and the cruel treatment to which
they are afterwards subjected render this traffic
little better than the trade in slaves ; and, as the
dominant power in America, we feel sure that such
an ambassador would carry into his investigations
the authority conveyed by the countenance and
support of the Washington Government.

A LEGAL POINT WITH REGARD TO THE SMOKE
NUISANCE.—In Vice• Chancellor Stuart's court the case of
Dendy v. Harvey has been heard. It raised a question
whether the annoyance caused by domestic household
smoke could constitute such a nuisance as to be restrained
by the Court of Chancery. The plaintiff was lessee of a
house at Torquay, which was surrounded by pleasure-
grounds, and commanded an extensive and picturesque view.
The defendant purchased a house in close contiguity to the
plaintiff's residence, which subsequently was pulled down,
and an hotel erected on the site. The roof of the defen-
dant's old house was much lower than that of the hotel, and
from the chimneys of the latter when the wind blew from a
certain direction immense volumes of smoke were emitted,
and seriously damaged the plaintifrs property. The Vice-
Chancellor said that whichever waythe decisionwent it would
be a great injury to the person against whom it was given.
The plaintiff had no doubt sustained considerable damage ;
but inasmuch as the hotel had been finished in 1866, and
the bill had not been filed till 1868, he was of opinion on
the whole case that it was not one in which the court
could interfere. The bill would be dismissed, but without
costs, and without prejudice to any proceedings
which the plaintiff might be advised to take in
reference to any future injury or damage arising from the
same causes.

TILE LAW OF COPYRIGHT.—In Vice-Chancellor Giffard's
court, Messrs. Sampson Low and Co., publishers, applied
for an injuction to restrain Messrs. Ward and Lock
from publishing a cheap edition of the " Guardian
Angel," by -Wendell Holmes, of Boston, Massachu-
setts. The book in question first appeared in a
serial form in the Atlantic Monthly Magazine. In
March of that year Professor Holmes entered into an
agreement with the plaintiffs for the assignment to them
of the copyright of the work, and for the purpose of ac-
quiring a British copyright—there being no international
copyright treaty between England and the United States
—went to reside at Montreal, in Canada, for some time
previous to the first publication of the work in this country.
In October 1867 (at which date the story was not com-
pleted in the numbers of the Atlantic Monthly, the plain-
tiffs, in pursuance-of an agreement with the author, pub-
lished the " Guardian Angel" in two volumes, at the retail
price of 16s. In April 1868, the defendants, Messrs.
Ward, Lock, and Tyler, of Warwick House, Amen-
corner, in ignorance, as they stated, of any copyright
claimed by the plaintiffs, or of the edition brought out by
them, published from the pages of the Atlantic Monthly
a 2s. reprint of the " Guardian Angel," and it was sought
by the present bill to restrain this publication as an
infringement of the copyright vested in the plaintiffs. The
Vice-Chancellor said he had no doubt in his own mind
about the case, as it had lately been settled by
the House of Lords, in the case of Low v. Routledge,
that an American who chose to go across the frontier into
British territory acquired exactly the same rights in
respect of copyright as if he were a British subject. The
only substantial ground of defence was that there could
hot be copyright as to a part of a work only. But there
were numerous cases in point shewing that the copyright
might be separated and claimed for a portion of the

All receive with satisfaction the announcement, that in
consequence of tho Reduction in Duty, Horniman's Pure
Teas are sold Bd. per pound Cheaper. 2,500 Authorised
Agents—Confectioners in London and Chemists in the
provinces—supply liorniznan's Tea only in :.folceta.

T E SUN, LO N BON, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 3, 1868

TILE FUTURE OF ..4BYSSINIA.

Some important correspondence with the Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Abyssinian Expedition has
been published to-day. It includes a despatch from
Sir R. Napier to the Secretary of State for India,
received on the 19th ult., dated from the Com-
mander-in-Chief's Office, Political Department,

Camp, Dildee, 30th April. Sr It Napier, revert-
ing to the events which took place at Magdala, and

in its neighbourhood, writes :
" Anxious as I felt to abstain from further in-
terference in Abyssinian affairs after the object of
the expedition had been attained, yet it was neces-
sary, for the sake of our national credit, that clue

consideration should be shown for the large num-
bers whose interests and safety had centred in
Theodore's existence, and who remained dis-

armed and unprotected, and exposed to merciless

plunder and slaughter at the hands of the will
tribes which circumstances had, for the moment,

converted into our allies.

The disposal of the

fortress of Migdala first denanded attention.

This strong position is situated geographically in
the country of the Wollo Gallas, from whom it was
finally wrested by Theodorus about ten years ago.
In his hands it has imposed an effectual check upon
encroachments of the Gallas on Christian Abyssinia.
I desired, in the interests of Christianity, to place

the stronghold in possession of Wagshoom Gobazeh,
the de facto ruler and principal chief of this por-
tion of Abyssinia. Bat when I had sent for his
lieutenant, the Dajaz Mashashah, the latter ex-
cused himself, in his master's name, from accepting
the charge, alleging as his reason that it would re-
quire so large a garrison to hold it that it would
be a source of weakness rather than of strength.
Wagshoom Gobazeh himself, notwithstanding his

repeated invitation to u;, through Briadier-General
Merewether, C. 8., to toms quickly to his aid,
had removed himself and his army to a dis-
tant quarter before our arrival, in pursuit
of objects of his own, and it was impos-
sible for me to await a reply to the letter
which I addressed to him on the subjelt of Mag-
dala. I therefore destroyed the gates of the fort,
burned everything on the mountain that waF com-
bustible, and abandoned it. Several claimants for
' its possession had, in the meantime, addressed me
regarding it. One of these was the Chief of
Daoont, a small territory lying adjacent to Mag-
dala. Werkait, ono of the two rival queens of the
Gallas, had also put forward her claims, as likewise
had Masteeat, the other and more powerful of the
Galla queens.
,‘ At the time when the disposal of Magdala was

thus exciting so many hopes and desires, the
_ _

widowed Queen of Theodore and her son were
brought down in safety from the mountain, awl

placed within the protection of my camp ; the
removal of the disarmed garrison and released
native prisoners was at the same time in progress.
Shortly after the arrival of Werkait's letter solicit-
ing that the fortress might be delivered to her, the
lady presented herself at my pickets. Although it
was evening, she was immediately admitted to an
interview, and allowed to represent her claims. She
was greatly affected in revisiting a locality which
had been associated with so many misfortunes to her
family and people. She remarked to me, 'We
fought with Theodore as long as we could, and
when his power was too strong for us to resist any
longer, my son submitted to him, on receiving a
promise of good treatment; notwithstanding which
he was inhumanly cut to pieces, and thrown over
the precipice of Magdala ; and now I have come to
see the grave of my enemy Theodore, and the place
where my son fell.'
"At this time the offer of the fortress had been
made to Gobazeh's lieutenant, and his answer had
not yet been received. Magdala was still the scene
of military operations while our troops were en-
gaged in destroying Theodore's cannon, and the
exodus of its former inhabitants continued in full
progress. Therefore it was not thought expedient
that Werkait's wish to ascend the mountain
should be indulged at such a time. Almost
before her story was concluded, intimation
was received that her rival Masteeat was
also in the neighbourhood, and on her
way to offer her congratulations and submit
her claim. At first I hoped to be able to make peace
between these two rival queens; but when this was
hinted at to Werkait, she said, ' When two persons
are striving for a crown, how can peace be made
between them ? If Masteeat were to make peace
with me to-day, before you, she would betray Ell 3
to-morrow.' The news of Masteeat's approach
caused great uneasiness amongst Werkait's escort
and adherents; and after a second interview with
me, during which she exhibited symptoms of mach
distress, she took a hasty departure, apprehensive
lest she should be intercepted by her more power-
ful and more fortunate rival; more fortunate
because her son is alive, and the centre of the hopes
of a large body of the people ; while to poor Wer-
kait there remains only the memory of her son, so
treacherously slain by Theodore. Suitable presents
were made to her, as she took her leave ; and shortly
after her departure, Masteeat arrived with her
son, Eman Ahmad, and expressed no small grati-
tude and rejoicing at Theodore's fall. She had
llus in the cha-
racter To her re-
quest for the
re-
sponded very effectually to our request to close all
avenues by which the late king could have
escaped,r
act
er
of an and thus h
established
e c
came
ay. to
possession of Magdala I was
able to answer that, Gobazeh's lieutenant
having declined to receive it, I would aban-
don the place, after dismantling iG and burn-
ing all of it that could be so destroyed, as a mark
s
of the anger of the British at the ill-treatment of
our countrymen, as well as of our abhorrence of
the cruelties which Theodore had committed there.
To this the Queen replied that indeed nothing but
fire could purify it. On my asking her if she could
make peace with Werkait, she answered that she
would gladly do so, but that it was impossible ;
because if Werkait were to swear friendship on the
Koran itself today, she would violate her oath to-
morrow. _

" A list of the principal political prisoners
liberated by us on our occupation of Msgdala is
appended. An opportunity was taken of receiving
all of them who desired an interview with me, and
advice suitable to their several circumstances was
then tendered to -them. Booroo Gooshoo, the
Prince of Godjam, was, the first who was intro-
duced. He bore in his enfabled frame the marks of
14 years spent in captivity. It is probable that God-
jam, which has generally formel a separate princi-
pality, will now become subject to this chief. The
Prince of Enderta, who is the maternal uncle of the
present ruler of Tigreh, was next presented to me.
He left the following day for the court of his rela-
tive, Djasmaj Kassa. Wagshoom Tiferri, who is
said by some to be in reality the hereditary Prince
I of Wag, was then introduced, and afterwards other
chiefs of lesser note. The widow of Theodore and
her numerous attendants still remain, as it were,
the guests of our camp, and will probably
travel with us far as
the nearest point in
our route to the lady's native district of
Semien. Her severe illness during the past ten
days has prevented my seeing
her ; but I trust she
is now recovering under the care of the medical
;
officer attached to my staff, who has been detailed
by me to provide for her comfort. Translation is
appended of a proclamation which I have-thought
it right to issue to the chiefs and people of this
portion of Abyssinia at the present time."

THE WAR .IN PARAGUAY

William B. Ogden, Esq., late of Chicago, con-
templates erecting 400 houses in Hudson City, New Jer-
sey, at an average cost—including ground—of $lO,OOO
each. Ile owns property on the main avenue worth about
$750,000.
[ ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Pills. —Nervous Irrita-
bility.—The very perfection of the human body renders it
like a complex machine, very liable to be thrown out of
order, a state that is at once made manifest by the nerves.
Holloway's pills are always the seasonable and reasonable
remedy ; they relieve every ailment which is not mortal
in the human system. As alteratives, stomachic; tonics,
and aperients these pills occupy a proud pre-eminence,
from which no other medicine cau dislodge them ; they
restore health and strength which nervous and dyspeptic
sufferers have failed to procure elsewhere. During sum-
mer and in malarious situations, when the nervous tone is
more particularly assailed, Holloway's medicine braces up
the system, keeps the head clear and the intellect un-
clouded.

The news from the Brazils and the River Plate
vice Bordeaux, per Guienne, gives some further de-
tails of the very disturbed state of these countries.
The war in Paraguay still continued, although, ac-
cording to Brazilian accounts, Marshal Lopez has
called out the women to serve as soldiers. We hear
that several very heavy engagements have taken
place in the Chaco. The Brazilians have, after a
most sanguinary and desperate fight, protected by
their fleet, been able to take a redoubt in the Chaco,
in which over one thousand on both sides
have been put hors de conthat, and the whole
of the foreign legion of the Argentine Confedera-
tion, with few exceptions, have been cut to pieces
by the Paraguayans. General Barrios was coming
up at the last moment with a force estimated at
from 5,000 to 7,000 men. All this does not look
as if Lopez required to call out his patriotic coun-
trywomen, who had really offered their services to
their President. Humaita is reported to be now
entirely invested by the Allies, but is so well
provided that the garrison of that fortress is
well prepared to stand a long siege. The Buenos
Ayres Standard of May 12th says :—" It is
to be expected that the Commander-in-Chief,
Marshal Caxias, will not waste months and years in
trying to starve out a g.urison which should only
get an hour's time to surrender. The Allied army
numbers close on 40,000 strong, and is aided by
the. finest fleet of ironclads ever known in these
waters. Against such a powerful force is opposed
a garrison of from 2,000 to 3,000 men, or at most
5,000. The place is now fully invested, and the
public has a right to demand that the attack will,
without further delay, be at once ordered. The
fall of Humaita must be the termination of this
prolonged war. The Allies cannot attempt to fol-
low Lopez into the interior, or measure swords
with a pack of women cruelly marched out to fight.
We trust that mediation or intervention, by the
Foreign Powers, will be afforded so as to bring the
hostilities in the River Plate to a summary con-
clusion: In the absence of mediation or interven-
tion the struggle seems hopeless, and none can at-
tempt to place a limit on the duration of this ill-
starred campaign. As lately the reinforcements
from Brazil to the seat of war have very
much fallen off, the assertions of the Standard,
based on past experience, seem to be correct. It
may be interesting to our readers to hear that all
the British subjects in Paraguay are alive and
well. The interior of the Argentine provinces
are still given up to revolution and bloodshed,
and a general break up of the Confederation
was expected under the pretext of the Presi-
dential election. General Urquiza bas again been
elected Governor of Enter Rios, and is the fore-
most candidate for the Presidency, but stoutly
opposed by the Buenos Ayres camarilla of President
Mitr6 and his prot(sye Elisalde. Tne news from
Montevideo is in every respect highly unsatisfac-
tory. A monetary crisis was hourly expected,
which, it was feared, would force several of the
banks to suspend. Gold was at 16 per cent. pre-
mium. It was very much doubted that the banks
would return specie payment on the Ist June as de-
creed by law, and in the meantime were issuing
paper money ad libitum. To add to this disturbed
state of the commercial world another revolution
had broken out, and a chief of the Colorado
party, Colonel %Aim Perez, was actually march-
ing at the head of over 1,000 men against Monte-
video. Some of the local papers accuse Brazil to
be at the bottom of all this. From Rio de Janeiro
we have news up to June 1. Exchange on England
had again fallen to 17d., which does not look as if
any favourable news had been received from Para-
guay. The Emperor's speech deplores that the
war in Paraguay is not yet finished, that the
American mediation was not accepted, that the
servile element has been the subject of assiduous
study, and at the proper time (when?) the Govern-
ment would submit a suitable proposition. The
report of the Minister of Finance shows a deficit
of $74,000,000.