The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-26 00:00:00

' fact was, that in Antigua, and other of the small colo-
nies, the production of Algal* had beeh greatly increased
since the emancipation and the free negro worked
more industriously; and more to the profit of his
employer, than in it state of slavery, and lived lilt. luxury.
If the lamer islands were placed in a ciinilar position as
I regards the employment of labour, those colonies would
be raised from their piusent languishing condition, and
their prosperity- would be the strongest weapon that
could he used for the suppression of the slavtztrade. No
treaty would avail in that suppression until it was proved
that free labour was mote profitable than slave labour.
Lord BROUGHAM said that the thanks of the Par
liarnent and country were due to the four gentlemen who
had framed these instructions. He ).?elieved that any-
thing which could encourage the immigration of free
labour into the coloniras Would put an end to slavery ;
but he was not for Waiting for the extinction of slavery
before he would suppress the slave trade.
INSOLVENT DEBTORS BILL.
Lord BROUGHAM moved that the report of the
Committee on this Bill be taken into consideration. He
thought that the standing orders ought not to hamper
the House in the discharge of important duties. He
should, therefore, move that;—also, that the Bill be read
a third time this day.
Lord COTTENHAM did not think it necessary to
suspend the standing orders, as, if the Bill passed
through one stage this day, there would be another day
in the week for the third reading. With respect to the
present operation of the laws of insolvency and bank-
ruptcy, it was to be observed that three-fourths of those
who took advantage of those laws were traders, and two-
thirds of those who took advantage of the Insolvency
Acts were traders. Now, it would have been supposed
that the bankruptcy laws were intended for the relief
of traders, and the Insolvency Court for the relief of
persons who could not pay their debts. In the Bank-
ruptcy Court there was no arrest of the person neces-
sary as a preliminary. All that was required was the
surrender of the property. In the Insolvent Court the
very contrary was the principle. Imprisonment was
a necessary condition. Again, under the bank-
ruptcy laws, the future property of the bankrupt
was protected. Here, also, the contrary principle ruled
in the Insolvency Coat—, The object of the Bill which
he had brought in was, to abolish imprisonment for debt
altogether, and to place all insolvent debtors in the same
condition as the bankrupt trader. He did not believe that
such a measure would check credit. It had been said, when
the abolition of mesne process was passed, that small
tradesmen would not he able to get credit. But the fact
had proved otherwise ; and credit had not been checked,
except in cases where it ought never to have existed.
The Bill which he had laid on the table provided these
amendments in the bankruptcy laws which had been re
commended by the Commissioners themselves. It pro-
vided that the property of an insolvent should be given
up to be distributed amongst his creditors either upon
their application or that of the debtor himself ; and that
his future property should be protected. That was the
Bill which he proposed in 1842. His Noble and
Learned Friend on the Woolsack brought in at the
same time another Bill embodying one-half of the
provisions of his Bill, and his Noble and Learned
Friend's Bill was passed —(Hear and laughter.) He did
not complain of his Noble and Learned Friend's taking
one-half of his Bill. He complained that he did not
take the whole. In this session he brought in a Bill
containing so much of the former Bill as had not been
embodied in the Lord Chancellor's Bill in 1842. He
brought in the Bill before Easter, and, on the 16th of
April, which was fixed for the second reading, he was
was requested by his Noble and Learned Friend to post-
pone the second reading until a Noble and Learned Lord
(Lord Brougham), who took a great interest in this
subject, should be in the House, he being at the time on
the Continent. On the 30th of April the Bill was read
a second time. The Lord Chancellor on that occasion
made a most important speech, the whole of which he
(Lord Cottenham) would not read, but he would read
one or two passages.—(The Noble and Learned Lord
then read extracts from the Lord Chancellor's speech ap-
proving of the Bill, and especially that part of it which
removed the anomaly of different and conflicting laws re-
lating to debt, the bankruptcy and insolvency laws, and also
the protection of a debtor's future property.) With that
speech he (Lord Cottenham) was highly gratified, for
he thought that the time was come when the recommen-
dations of all who understood the subject would be car-
ried into effect. That speech led many of those who
were lingering in prison to expect that they would be
released from prison without the expense of the Insol-
vent
Debtors' Act. In that expectation they had re-
mained until this time, and now they must remain in
prison until Michaelmas next. In the meantime, his
Noble and Learned Friend (Lord Brougham) had a plan
of his own. His Noble and Learned Friend stated that
his plan had the sanction of the Government, and, ac-
cordingly, it was arranged that the two measures should
be sent to a Committee together. In that Committee
there were twenty-one members, of whom seventeen
were in the habit of taking their legal opinions from the
Noble and Learned Lord on the Woolsack. Of the
other four, there was only one (Lord Campbell) who
had any chance of attending, as the others had to at-
tend to judicial duties. A Bill was brought in in
the meantime, founded on a report of Sergeant
Mainwaring, which would repeal all the laws
and abolish all the institutions connected with the rela-
tions between debtor and creditor, that had been estab-
lished since the days of Queen Elizabeth. That was
abandoned; and so was a second Bill, also intended as a
rival to his Bill. A third Bill was brought in to amend
the Act which was passed in 1842. to enable persons to
declare themselves insolvent, and to be protected with-
out going to prison. The proposed amendment was
abandoned, and the Act of 1842, was still the law of the
land. There was one defect in that law. It took the
property from the insolvent; but there was no provision
for distributing the property amongst the creditors.
Many thousand persons had taken the benefit of that
Act, and in all cases the creditors were baffled, and ob-
tained nothing. The Bill—the applauded Bill—had not
been rejected on consideration of its merits. His Noble
Friend had adopted that portion of his Bill which pre-
vented persons from being arrested who were sued in the
inferior courts, and, as he (Lord Cottenham) considered,
most humanely adopted it. Those traders, however,
who held more than 3001. property, were not subject to
the provisions of this Bill. The Committee reported
that the Bill which he (Lord Cottenham) brought in
should not be proceeded with, but that the Bill of his
Noble and Learned Friend should be adopted. The
next provision of the Bill, should it be passed
into a law, was, that persons who were indebted under
201. should not be arrested ; and that those who
were in prison for such debt should be discharged. He
did not undervalue that provision. There could be no-
thing more cruel than the imprisonment of that class of
debtors; they were, for the most part, persons who had
only their labour to subsist on, and in some prisons they
were not allowed to use their tools for the support of
their families, who, consequently, were left to starve. But
he objected to this, that the release of those who were
actually in prison was left to the discretion of the indi-
vidual judge or commissioner who had examined the
case. He admitted that it was dishonest to incur a debt
without the means of paying; but imprisonment for
life was rather too severe a punishment. He objected
also to the omission of his clauses for enabling the credi-
tors of landed gentry, and of Members of both Houses of
Parliament, should have execution against the property,
of every kind, possessed by the debtors; such property to
be vested in an officer of the court, to be distributed
amongst the creditors. Would Parliament claim for its
Members as a privilege the right of living upon the pro•
perty of others ? In the present Bill, there was an enact-
ment, which, whilst it inflicted a great hardship
upon a large portion of the community, pro-
tected the Members of both Houses. If they were
to be protected let it be by a distinct enactment. But
do not let imprisonment for debt be continued to pre-
serve that protection. It was useless to suppose that the
public would not see that such was the object. And
why not avow it ? The Bill which their Lordships were
about to give their assent to, would perpetuate those
evils which his Noble and Learned Friend on the wool-
sack so eloquently and powerfully exposed on the intro-
daction of his (Lord Cottenham's) Bill at the beginning
of the session. The concurrent opinion of all the lead-
ing authorities in the House were in favour of his Bill,
which he was confident, if not in this session in the next,
would, at no distant time, become the law of the land.
Lord BROUGHAM did not complain of his Noble and
Learned Friendfor the various topics which he had intro-
duced into his speech of two hours' duration. His No-
ble and Learned Friend had promised that he would
make a long speech, and he had kept his word.—(Laugh-
ter.) His Noble Friend called in to his aid, to fill up
the time, the speech of his Noble and Learned Friend
on the 'Woolsack.

his pictures, deferring the p4inent, he never thought it
would bring him into the Court of Bankruptcy. The
process--serVer Would reply that the Act must be good
law; because it was framed by Lord Cottenham, who
was four years Lord Chancellor.) Hi 3 AN'oble and Learned
Friend had a better memory t6n he (Lord Brougham),
for he (Lord Brougham) could not repeat to-
night, word for word, the speech which he
Made two months ago—(Hear, hear; and a laugh)—
yet he remembered one thing; which their Lordships
would scarcely belieVe, that the clause which was held
up to stf much odium, as if it were intended to give an
undue protection to Members of both Houses of Parlia-
ment, was actually copied from a Bill introduced by
Lord Cottenham himself, when Lord Chancellor. On
the third reading of this Bill he would move a clause to
prevent a debtor from being remanded for more than
twelve months, The Bill, however, would in all cases
Abolish imprisonment for debt under 201. The
Number of small debts courts in the kingdom
was 272, and the condition of the unfortunate
debtors imprisoned by them was most deplorable. In
many cases they were confined upon bread and water,
and subjected to felon's fare and felon's punishmemt.
This would be abolished by,his Bill, which would in fact,
abolish imprisonment for debt in all cases; as no man
need be arrested, or, being arrested, need remain in pri-
son one hour. As to the statement that the pro •
cuss of liberation would be expensive, he would
only say that he understood that the attorney
generally charged 20/. for getting a man out of prison
under the Act of 1842. But the advertisements re-
quired by that Act cost 51. That expense would be
done away with by this Bill ; and he cautioned those gen-
try (the attorneys) that he would keep a watchful eye
upon them, and if he found any of them charging 151.
for expenses under this Act, they should hear from him.
He concluded by moving that the report be recei red.
Lord CAMPBELL expressed surprise that the Lord
Chancellor, the speaker of that House, remained silent
under a charge of gross inconsistency. The charge was
made by a Noble and Learned Lord on that (the Oppo-
sition) side of the House ; and another Noble and
Learned Lord (Lord Brougham) who still continued to
sit on the same side of the House—(A laugh)—and who
seemed to be the standing counsel of the Lord Chancel.
for and of her Majesty's Government.—(A laugh.) That
Noble and Learned Lord defended the Bill, but he
said not a word in defence of the Lord Chancellor's
inconsistency. He (Lord Brougham) complained, in-
deed, of Lord Cottenham's too often quoting the speech
of the Noble and Learned Lord on the woolsack—but
he (Lord Campbell) thought that so excellent .a speech
could not be too often repeated until,its arguments were
carried into practice—. _

decies repetita placebit,
and it could not be more aptly quoted than on the pre-
sent occasion. When the two Bills were committed, the
Noble and Learned Lord on the woolsack took care
that it should be so constituted as to express his own
opinion, and in truth, the report of the Committee was
the report of the Lord Chancellor.—(A laugh.) The
Bill of Lord Cottenham, which had been so lauded by
his Noble and Learned Friend on the woolsack was
thrown overboard. What was it that caused the change
in the opinion of his Noble and Learned Friend on the
woolsack? Was it a miracle—was it mesmerism, of which
they heard so much of late ?—(Laughter.) He could not
ascertain the cause, but the event was most extraordinary,
and not more extraordinary than deplorable. There
would have been no difficulty in introducing a clause
exempting members of the royal family from the opera-
tion of the Bill. He rejoiced that the Government had
changed its opinions on the subject of imprisonment for
debt by the courts of conscience. Whereas in this
session a member of the Government introduced a Bill
continuing imprisonment for debt by courts of conscience,
and assigning a day's imprisonment for every shilling
of debt, he hoped that in the next session of Parlia-
ment, the Lord Chancellor himself—(A laugh)—who-
ever he might be would come down and bring in
the Bill of his Noble and Learned Friend (Lord Cot-
tenham.) No one could be better qualified than the
Noble and Learned Lord on the woolsack to consider
this question, as he had made the best speeches on both
sides of it.

The LORD CHANCELLOR said he should have
before replied to the personal attack made upon him,
but that he waited to hear what the Noble and Learned
Lord who had just sat down, and who had been a mem-
ber of the Committee, would say. But he ought to have
spared himself that delay, for the Noble and Learned
Lord had done no more than to follow, longo intervallo,
the arguments of his Noble and Learned Friend, the late
Lord Chancellor. He would not occupy the House
many minutes. He would only say that he had not been
guilty of any inconsistency. He supported this Bill be-
cause it put an end to the imprisonment for debt—for
mere debt—for debt in all cases where it was safe to do
away with it.—(Hear, hear.) He had always declared
that he would, if he stood alone, resist the introduction of
so great a novelty in our law, as that the peers of
the realm, and the princes of the blood should be sub-
ject to the laws of bankruptcy. As long as he held a
seat in that House, ho would oppose such an innovation.
He had declared to his Noble Friend in the Committee
that he would never consent to so great a novelty. That
was the reason, although it might seem to his Noble and
Learned Friend to be a good reason, for the course
which he had taken. The present measure would give
every assistance to the just creditor, and every protec-
tion to the honest debtor, who was willing to give up his
property to pay his debts as far as he could. No debtor
who was willing to give a fair account of his property
would be imprisoned. But if you act leniently to the
honest debtor, you should be stringent in your dealings
with the fraudulent. Upon these grounds he supported
the present Bill. His Noble and Learned Friend had
said that there was a great difference of opinion between
him (the Lord Chancellor) and the Secretary of State for
the Home Department in respect to imprisonment for
small debts. He (the Lord Chancellor) had not known
that a Bill was introduced into the other House, re-
taining the power of imprisonment by the courts of
conscience and the county courts, of " not more than
one day for one shilling." He was not aware that such
had been done. But it was only an enactment, which
was usual in those Bills, and it would be rendered null
by the present Bill. He had always, upon principle,
been opposed to imprisonment for debt. He had always
looked upon it as equally cruel, but not equally
.reason-
able, with the old practice (which we read of in history),
of allowing the creditor to sell the debtor as a slave.
The law of imprisonment for debt operated in the same
manner, though not to the same degree. It punished
the debtor, but it did not, like the old practice, repay the
creditor. It had been said that the effect of abolishing
imprisonment for small debts would prevent poor men
out of work from getting credit. But the evidence
taken before the Committee on this Bill had proved
that such was not the case.—(Hear, hear.) The Com-
mittee had examined witnesses from the Tower-hamlets,
when the Commissioners of the Court of Requests lost
the power of imprisonment, in 1842, in consequence of
the magistrates of Middlesex refusing to allow the pri-
soners to be lodged in the county gaol. From that time
the summonses fell off from 30,000 per annum, to 13,000.
But there was no diminution of the credit given to poor
people of good character. Similar evidence was received
from other parts of the country. The Committee had
also inquired into the state of the prisons for small debts
throughout the country, and the description of some of
them was appalling. If this Bill did not pass, it would
be necessary for Parliament, or the Government, to turn
their attention to those horrid dens. He would not
occupy their Lordships longer, and he hoped that he had
sufficiently answered the charge made against him.
Lord COTTENHAM and Lord BROUGHAM explained.
The report was then received.
On the motion of the LORD CHANCELLOR, three
clauses were struck out, which could not pass in their
Lordships' House, being money clauses.
A message from the Commons brought up the Duchy
of Cornwall Lands Bill, and several other Bills, which
were severally read a first time.
The Sudbury Disfranchisement Bill was read a third
time and passed.
Their Lordships then adjourned at Half-past Eleven.

Ladies travelling, or temporarily subjected to any
deviation of equable temperature, will find in Rowlaid's
Kalydor a renovating and refreshing auxiliary, dispel-
ling the cloud of langour from the complexion, awl
immediately affording the pleasing sensation attending
restored elasticity of the skin. The distressing and
un.,ightly varieties of cutaneous eruptions are also
promptly eradicated by the Kalydor. Spots, pimples,
freckles, discolourations, and sallowness, yield to its
specific qualities, and are succeeded by a smoothness
and transparency of the skin, giving rise to sensations
of the utmost pleasure and surprise. Being universally
preferred, its consequent great demand excites the
cupidity of unprincipled shopkeepers, who give the title
of "Genuine" Kalydor to some compounds of their own
manufacture, of the most deleterious character, con-
taining mineral astringents utterly ruinous to the
complexion, and by their repellant action endangering
health. It is, therefore, imperative on purchasers to
see that the words " Rowland's Kalydor" are on the
wrapper. All others are fraudulent counterfeits !! I

Lord COTTENHAM—Not for the last time.

Lord BROUGHAM said it might not be so inte-
resting to the House as to his Noble and Learned Friend.
He agreed with him in wishing to abolish imprisonment
for debt. But they differed in this—that his Noble and
Learned Friend would throw open the prison door, and
throw it upon the creditor to prove that the debtor was
in the wrong ; whereas he (Lord Brougham) would
throw it upon the debtor to prove that he was not in the
wrong. Prima facie, the creditor was the person en-
titled to the consideration of the law. The object of_
this Bill was to assimilate the two systems of bankruptcy
and insolvency. And as to the charges of partiality in
the Committee, he must say that he never saw a more
impartial Committee. He said this only to console
his Noble and Learned Friend (Lord Cottenham). He
wished to pour oil into his wounds, and he assured him
it should not be bitter oil.—(A laugh.) If a debtor-
would not give up his property to his creditors he would
be imprisoned as much by his Noble and Learned
Friend's Bill as by his own (Lord Brougham's). If a
debtor concealed his property— if be committed any
fraud on his creditors—if he came with the pretension
of wealth and rank to the shop of a jeweller or other
industrious tradesman, and obtained a couple of thou-
sands of pounds worth of goods without any intention
to pay—then he should be imprisoned. His Noble and
Learned Friend would allow the remedy to be in such
cases a prosecution for fraud. But what would that do
for the creditor ? Why in the only case of prosecuting
for fraud, under the Act of 1842, it cost the unfortunate
creditor 2501. But the occurrence of cases of indict-
able fraud was rare. The most common cases were those
of gross, reckless extravagance—of running up scores
without the prospect of paying.—(Hear, hear.) His
Bill would give a remedy in these cases, which the
other Bill did not. His Bill would prevent
dishonesty, and not misfortune. But the Bill of his
Noble Friend would extend the bankruptcy laws to the
peers of the realm, the judges of the land, the princes
and princesses of the blood royal. That was the enact-
ment, for the loss of which his Noble and Learned
Friend complained so piteously, as to move the heart of
a stone.—(A laugh.) He never saw any measure of
legislation so utterly hopeless, because it was against all
the notions and usages of the present state of society.
(The Noble and Learned Lord drew a laughable pibture
of a process- server waiting on the Prince of Wales
under Lord Cottenham's Bill. The Prince would say
that the law was retrospective, and that when he bought

111-IR LONDON, PitiDAlt EVENING, JULY 26, IM4

• LITERATURE.
THE COURT AT RAVENNA.
Nichisson, London, 1844.
The " Court at Ravenna" is, without exception,
one of the drollest comedies we ever read. As for
the plot, it is impossible to give any account of what
passeth all human understanding; and the leading
incidents of the play are hardly less perplexing,
for they set both nature and probability at
defiance, and go tumbling one over the other in
glorious confusion, just like so many drunken
Irishmen at Donnybrook Fair. Many of the scenes
are laid in the coffee-room of the Swan tavern at Ra-
venna; and two of the principal personages are the
Boots and Chambermaid of that same tavern, who
indulge in a world of waggery which it is but justice
to the author to say, in no respect reminds us of the
brilliant repartees of Congreve or Sheridan. Then there
is a Sir William Kypes, who, it appears, is a great
patron of the Swan, and who oes the landlady, Mrs.
G-oodwife, out of no less a sum than one hundred
and fifty pounds, of which she more than once ex-
presses her apprehensions that she shall never
touch a farthing. Also, there is a certain Duke
Charles, together with a Count and Countess of
Naples, who vie with each other in talking just
such blank verse as is in fashion on the boards of a
penny theatre in Whitechapel. The quantity of
broken metaphors in which these illustrious per-
sonages indulge is really incredible, nor is their
lofty disdain for the low vulgarities of syntax and
grammar less to be admired and wondered at. We
should not omit to add that, among the dra-
matispersonm, there is an exceedingly funny steward
who, in an excess of the comical, kicks Boots for
having presumed to fall fast asleep in the doorway of
the Swan Tavern. This remarkable incident takes
place towards the close of the fourth act, and from the
impassioned exclamations of Boots we are not with-
out our fears that the steward's kick must have sorely
endamaged him. Those who have the slightest pre-
dilection for the absurd and ludicrous cannot do better
than peruse this comedy. No wag's library can be
considered complete without it.

BRITISH 6- FOREIGN REVIEW. No. XXXIV.
7'aylor, London, 1844.
The character of Robespierre—a curious problem
on which of late years so many historians and es
sayists have exercised their ingenuity—is canvassed
at considerable length in the present number of this
periodical. Unlike the generality of those writers
who have speculated on the subject, the Reviewer
does not go off in paroxysms of horror while enu-
merating the events that marked the close of this
sanguinary Dictator's reign ; but discusses his pre-
tensions as a statesman calmly and impartially, and
after detailing the incidents of his career from the
year 1789, when he first took his seat in the Consti-
tuent Assembly, down to the period of his fall in
1794, comes to the conclusion that justice has not
been done to his powers of mind, and that he was by
no means so poor a creature as he has been generally
represented to have been. In this opinion we are
strongly tempted to coincide with the Reviewer. The
man who overthrew in succession every party op-
posed to his views, and " wielded at will the fierce
democracy" at by far the most critical period—as Lord
Brougham has justly remarked—of French history in
any age, must have possessed intellectual powers of no
ordinary calibre. As an orator, though it is the
fashion to deny him any sort of eulogium, he was in-
comparably the most adroit, argumentative, and con-
vincing, of all that the Revolution produced; and his
calm, practical sagacity contrasts most favourably
with the bombastic rhapsodies and tinsel imagery of
the clap-trap speakers of the Gironde. The great
defect of his speeches as we read them now, is their
incessant and sickening adulation of the mob ; but
this, at the time they were delivered, constituted their
chief excellence, and is the secret of that tremendous
influence which Robespierre exercised during the
three stormiest years recorded in the annals of
France. Of the political system which he deemed it
incumbent on him to adopt, of course nothing can be
said but in unqualified reprobation. " His tyranny,"
observes the Reviewer, " if he had been able to carry
it out, would have been, perhaps, the most intolerable
ever known on earth, being at once a religious, moral,
and political tyranny, uniting the worst intolerance
of Puritanism with the despotism of Napoleon." It
was a great day for France and humanity when
the axe fell on the neck of this gloomy
and remorseless fanatic, for, though many of
those who brought him to the scaffold were quite
as cruel and despotic as himself, and not half so
conscientious, yet their power to do evil was circum-
scribed, and they were compelled to go with the cur-
rent of public opinion which had already set in in
favour of mercy and toleration. The Reviewer hints
that if Robespierre had shown vigour and presence of
mind at the crisis of his fate, the result might have
been different, and he might have "gained a dominion
more absolute than the Caesars'." This was clearly
impossible. His hour had come, and no human
means could have averted his fall. If he had not
perished in July, he must have perished in the fol-
lowing month, for he had no resources left; public
opinion was fast deserting him; the mob, by whose
agency he had risen to power, were ready to turn
round on him, having nothing more to expect from his
sympathywith their fortunes; the middle classeshad been
long alienated by his cruelty; and the fabric of political
and religious fanaticism, which he proposed to erect in
France, and whose foundations he had laid so deep in
blood, was wholly unsuited to the free-thinking spirit
of his countrymen. In the article on " Modern
English Dramatists," occur some ingenious specula-
tions on the subject of the present declining state of
the stage, which, we think, may be quite sufficiently
accounted for by the fact that we have no first-rate
performers among us, whether in tragedy or comedy.
One or two stars we have, such as Farren and
Macready, but compared with their predecessors,
they are but " stellae minores" twinkling faintly in
the theatrical firmament; and why should we put
ourselves out of the way to see a play of Shakspeare
or Sheridan imperfectly represented on the stage,
when we can enjoy
it without stirring from the
snug retirement of our study? Referring inciden-
tally to " Ion," the Reviewer says, "We have heard
this drama termed a noble tragedy ; we admit its
nobility, but we crave to read, instead of tragedy,
lyrical drama ; for its conception, its construction, and
its dialogue, notwithstanding the blank verse, are all
lyrical." If " Ion" be not a pure tragedy, fashioned
in strict accordance with dramatic propriety, then we
know not where such a production is to be found.
To our thinking it is incomparably the noblest pro-
duction of the sort that has appeared since the
golden age of the drama ; and exhibits a skill
of
elevationconstructioann,d a grandeur of conception, and
ancatholicism of sentiment that no
author save Shakspeare has equalled. Had it appeared
in the earlier days of Kemble and Siddons, the one
playing lon to the other's Clemanthe, who can doubt
the enthusiastic reception it would have met with ?
but Mr. Macready with his flat, broad face, and
eccentric fashion of declamation, made a very indif-
ferent
aarancdterMnisfs
tThereGe
efficient
reek
in
he hero,
ch
Greeks shcearroci enl ey.
the " Condition and Prospects of British Husbandry"
—a sensible, practical article—the Reviewer states
that, with the sole exception of the Netherlands, there
is no other people whose agriculture exhibits such
anomalies as our own. The " Sugar Question" is
discussed with a calmness and fairness that will ex-
tort the respect even of those who may dissent from
the line of argument which it adopts. Of the few re-
maining articles, the ablest is the elaborate account
of the " Literature and History of the Slavonic
Nations." From the sketch of Robespierre" we
quote the details of the last days of this inexorable
Dictator :

".It is strange that a man so suspicious as Robespierre
should not have foreseen the plot that was to destroy
him so soon. 11e must have observed extremely omi-
nous signs in the general reception of his last harangue
on the preceding day ; and those members of the Con-
vention wbo knew that they must either destroy Robes-
pierre or be destroyed by him, were busily employed
during.the whole night between the Bth and 9th Ther-
midor in bringing over to their side that mass of the
Convention upon which Robespierre seemed to rely.
The genius of the Dictator had in fact deserted him; or
rather it had done its work, and another kind of genius
was wanted for what•was now to be done. And yet if
he had reflected on what his position had been when he
broughtGim a
ndistd,he might have seen that, had
force to bear upon the Assembly
evem thenrth
wr e w
nott
h
and not the Girondists must have
hooe i o the
.ut; e
fallen. His 'course was now clear—it was no longer a
time for talking, but for prompt and energetic action.
The Jacobins .and the commune of Paris were his ,•
Henriot, the commandant-general of the national guard
of• Parts, was ready to die for him. Henriot, it is true,
was not a man of head ; but there was no man of head
to oppose to him, and he had been found sufficient in the
case of the Girondists. But instead of giving instruc-
tion's to ller.riot. to -match his troops and surround the
Convention with the canonniers of Paris, he went to the
Assembly with a foolish notion of more speech-making
and drivelling about respect for the laws. His voice
was drowned in the -shouts of his enemies vociferating
It was an open rebellion, with
ran
!but the unheard voices of himself
Augustinl
and his adherents Saint-Just,
andn ao
t hhahi tgibt
roboa otshp :pro st )e.
Couthon, and Lebas ; he was like a general who has al-
lowed himself to be surprised, or rather like a wild
,
beast taken in the toils ; for in this his last struggle- he
showed no want of courage, making such violent and de-
termined efforts to be heard, that Fteron exclaimed
" Ah! qu'un tyran est dur a abattre But vain were
those convulsive struggles: 'Pour la derniere lois, presi-
dent d'assassins, je to demands la parole.' And when at
length he had exhausted himself by repeated efforts,
Gamier de I'Aube exclaimed, ' The blood of Danton is
choking him.' And truly the same measure which he
had meted out to Denton, vainly demanding to speak
for life and honour,' was now to be meted out to him.
"In the twilight of that July day (the 27th), in the
year 1794, the Place de Greve (which to him who treads
it with, a,compyt,ept_4DOWleclgeof .the pastja,,alive with
"so many ineMories) presented a busy and eventful scene.
Hackney coaches arrived bringing Robespierre and his
friends from the five different prisons to which they had
been conveyed, and from which they had again been

liberated by the power of the council-general of the
commune. Some of the section battalions and some of
the canonniers came also ; and the latter, posting them-
selves round the Hotel de Ville and turning the mouths
of their guns so as to command the approaches, stood by
them with lighted matches. Within that building, at
his last council, sat the Jacobin chief with an anxious
uneasy look, the sallow hue usually spread over his re-
pulsive countenance deepened by the agitation of his
mind. Beside him sat a young man, the almost feminine
softness and regularity of whose fine features formed a
strange contrast with his character—stern, daring, and
cruel as that of Claverhouse or Sylla. It was Saint-
Just—that strange sombre young fanatic, whose fanati-
cism was at once so strong and so cold-blooded, so sin-
cere and so unscrupulous. Even in that moment of im-
pending fate his countenance preserved its usual impas-
sive serenity, his pulse its regular beat ; the imminence
of the peril bad not deprived him of the power of
making the most collected exertion of his mind. And if
he had had the lead for that night, perhaps the result
might have been different ; for both he and the younger
Robespierre had acted in the field with the armies which
they superintended as commissioners (where indeed the
younger Robespierre had been the friend of Napoleon
Bonaparte, then an officer in the army of Nice) and had
acquired something of military promptitude and deci-
sion. Even yet it may not be too late ; now is the time
—now—now! The alternative is a felon's death, or a
dominion more absolute than Caesars'. Surely the
difference is worth an effort—and if it fail, it is but death
at last! But that effort the adroit speech-maker cannot
make: the quality that can make such efforts succeed is
not his. If he had but a man instead of a drunken
ruffian to work his guns, they might still, if well served,
blow the opposition into the air. But the hour is past—
the tide has turned for ever for Maximilien Robespierre
and his fortunes."

SOCIAL SYSTEMS. Longman, London, 1844.
The work before us, as we gather from the preface,
was written by the late Mary Hennell, of Hackney,
who died of consumption in the year 1843. It is
reasoned with great acuteness and ingenuity, and
gives an outline of the various social systems and
communities which have been founded on the prin-
ciple of co-operation. The arguments of the work
are almost wholly of a practical character, to a degree,
indeed, that it is not often met with in the writings
of women.

JAMES'S WORKS. Vol. I.
Smith and Elder, London, 1844.

This is the first volume of a republication, in an
octavo form, of Mr. James's voluminous series of
novels, and includes the whole of the " Gipsy," which
was originally published in three volumes. The
work is introduced by a brief, modestly-written pre-
face, wherein the author states the peculiar circum-
stances under which he was first induced to embrace
literature as a profession ; and, in reference to his
fertility as a novelist, which has occasioned no little
surprise in the literary world, states that the secret
consists, first, in his being an early riser, which
enables him to get through a good deal of work be-
fore the ordinary hours of business have well begun,
and, secondly, in his making it a practice to employ
an amanuensis, which saves him a world of toil and
time in the task of transcribing his thoughts.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERSALL'S.—YESTERDAY.
The betting was uncommonly flat, and, except in the
instance of Croton Oil, the Elegance filly, and Murton
Lordship for the Stakes, and the mare for the Cup, who
were in great favour at improved quotations. Nothing
arose out of it to require more than a summary of the
closing quotations
GOODWOOD STAKES.
7 to 2 agst Mr. Wreford's Franchise—taken 4 to 1
6to 1 agst Lord G. Bentinck's Croton Oil-7 to 1 t freely
9 to 1 agst Mr. H. Johnstone's The lEra—t & aft offd
10 to 1 agst Mr. Meiklam's Best-of-Three—t & aft offd
11 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Canton
12 to 1 agst Mr. Irwin's Pride of Kildare—t & aft offd
13 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Parthian—taken
16 to 1 agst Lord Exeter's Elegance filly—taken
18 to 1 agst Mr. Shelley's Lucy Banks—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Murton Lordship—t freely
20 to 1 agst Sir S. Spry's Subduer
200 even between Canton and the Best-of-Three.
GOODWOOD CUP.
Even on Mr. Salvin's Alice Hawthorn
6 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Prizefighter—taken
17 to 1 agst Mr. Quartermaine's Discount—take 20 to 1.
ST. LEGER.
4to 1 agst Mr. Salvin's The Cure—t and aft offered
4 to 1 agst Lord Stanley's Ithuriel—t and aft offered
9 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's The Princess
1,000 to 25 agst Mr. Vane's Valerian.
BRIDGNORTH RACES—TUESDAY (CONCLUDED).
The Members' Plate of 50/., for horses that never won
that sum at any one time. Heats, twice round and a
distance. The second receives 51.
Mr. Saunders' Caitiff, 5 yrs, Bst II lb (Calloway) 0 1 1
Mr. E. Peel's Cain, 4 yrs, Bst 3lb
Mr. Wildman's Coheiress, 4 yrs, Bst alb
Mr. Mostyn's Miss Miggs, 4 yrs, Bst 51b—Mr. Jones's
Phcenix filly, 3 yrs, 7st 11b—Ar. Thompson's g by
Shrigley, 5 yrs, Bst 111 b—and Mr. Raworth's Donna
Anna, 4 yrs, Bst 31b—started for the first heat, but were
not placed.
The Free Handicap of 3 sovs. each, and 15 added, the
second to save his stake, once round and a distance, was
won, in two heats, by Mr. Flintoff's Exciseman, 4 yrs,
Bst 41b (Calloway), beating Coheiress, 4 yrs, Bst 41b,
and b g by Memnon, 3 yrs, 6st.
LANCASTER RACES—WEDNESDAY.
The Maiden Plate of 50/, given by the Duke of Hamil-
ton. For 3 yrs, 7st 81b ; 4 yrs, Bst 41b ; 5 yrs, Bst 101 b;
6 yrs and aged, 9st 41b. Mares and Geldings allowed
31bs. Heats, 2 miles.
Mr. Meiklam's Godfrey, 3 yrs (Hutchinson) 1 1
Mr. J. Osborne's Sloane, 3 yrs
Mr. Hayes's Meg Merrilies, 5 yrs 4 3
Mr. Milner's Miss Prim, 5 yrs
Mr. Smith's Fair Ellen, 4 yrs 2 4
Mr. Heap's Chintz Print, 4 3 rs dis.
First heat won by a half a neck—Second won cleverly.
The Cup Stakes of 10 sovs each, p. p., 3 yrs, 7st ; 4 yrs,
Bst ; 5 yrs, Bst 81b ; 6 yrs and aged, 9st ; winners of
501 this year 31bs, twice 51bs, thrice or more 7lbs ex-
tra. Two miles and a distance (6 Subs.)
Mr. Meiklam's Aristotle, 5 yrs (Templeman) 1
Mr. Cuthbert's Queen of the Tyne, 5 yrs
Mr. Atkinson's Lady of the Lake, 6 yrs 3
A fine race with the two, won by a head.
ROMFORD RACES.—THURSDAY.
The Romford Stakes of 2 Sovs. each, with 20 added,
the second saves his stake ; 3 yrs old, 7st 51b ; 4 yrs,
Bst 71b ; 5 yrs, 9st ; 6 yrs and aged, 9st 31b ; once
round and a dis. ; winner to be sold for 801. (4 Subs.) ;
were won in two heats by Mr. Parr's Nora Creina, 6
yrs (owner), beating Mr. Cowderay's Ascot, 6 yrs, Mr.
Clarke's Mespelus, 3 yrs, and Mr. Dixon's The Star
(dis.) easily.
The Brentwood Plate of 15 sovs., added to a sweep-
stakes of 2 sovs. each ; winner to be sold for 60 sovs. ;
other conditions as for Romford Stakes ; was won easily
in two heats (the last a walk over) by Mr. Parr's Nora
Creina, beating Royal Oak and Waterloo.
The Liberty Handicap of 5 sovs. each, 2 ft., with 30
added. Once round. (13 Subs.)
Mr. Heppel's Lady Flora, 6 yrs, 7st 61b. (Pattison) 1 1
Mr. Coleman's Lufra, 3 yrs, Est 12Ib 2 2

Mr. Southby's Waterloo, 5 yrs, 7st 51b 3 dr
Won easy.
The weather was fine, and the company numerous.
GOODWOOD RACES.
The great length of the programme for the ensuing
meeting occupying, with the notice (with regard to the
examination of horses objected to before starting, and
the determination of the Duke of Richmond to exclude
all persons guilty of malpractices, or in default for
stakes or bets) so comprehensively, and so carefully
drawn up, as to leave no loop-hole for escape, no less
than seven columns and a half of the " Sheet Calen-
dar," renders it inexpedient that we should give more
than an outline of the sport to be anticipated. On the
first day, there are thirteen races on paper, including
the Innkeepers' Plate, which will be run in heats, the
last of the day, • the Craven Stakes has at
present eight subscribers, and will open the ball. To
this will succeed, in the order to be hereafter determined
upon, the Lavant Stakes of 50 sovs. each, 30 ft, for two
years old, 26 subs., for which the Maid of Orleans, the
winner of the Two Year Old Stakes at Bath and Gor-
hambury, and Full-sail, winner of the Woodcote Stakes
at Epsom, will be the favourites. The Gratwicke Stakes
of 100 sovs. each, h ft, for three yrs old, 65 subs.—for
this race Antler, Ithuriel, and Red Deer, are likely to
meet, the first carrying the full weight, and giving his
opponents 61bs each ; Pastoral, Zenobia, Brunel, and
other winners of minor pretensions, are engaged in this
stake, which, at a moderate calculation, will
net 3,7001. The Drawing-room Stakes of 25
soya. each, for three yrs old, has an entry
of 30 horses, and, the Ugly Buck being scratched,
is an open race, will ensure a large field ; the best public
runners are the Devil-to-Pay, Croton Oil, All-round-my-
Hat, and Zenobia ; Vattel will not show. The Great
Four Year Old Stakes of 300 sovs. each, h ft, 16 subs., is,
if in his old form, a certainty for Cotherstone, who has
been reserved for it ; Phlegon is engaged, and, if there,
will no doubt be a starter. The Ham Stakes of 100
sovs. each, h ft, will bring out a large field of two year
olds, most of them "dark," and not a single winner ;
Bastion, who ran second to the Maid of Orleans at
Gorhambury in the deciding heat, and Lord Glasgow's
Impertinence filly, beaten by Espoir in a match, New-
market First Spring Meeting, having in the same meet-
ing run a dead heat with Molly Mogg in a match, are the
only public runners. The Goodwood Club Stakes of
10 soya. each (we give the handicap below) has an entry
of seventeen horses, and the 'Welter Stakes of 20 soya.
each, four horses ; both are for gentlemen riders. The
matches between Cattonite and Robinson (the latter has
paid 100 soya. forfeit), f by Jack-in-the-Green, and
f by Almack, Hampton and Mechanic, and Olive
Oil, and the Canada filly, with the Innkeepers'
Plate, will complete a day's sport that will oc-
cupy six hours at the least, and realise to the
various winners, something like twelve thousand pounds.
On the second day the Goodwood Stakes, with an ac-
ceptance of fifty-two. and the certainty of an immense
field, and the Stewards' Cup, value 300 sovs. (the horses
to be named on Monday next) will be the features ;
there will also be the match between Lord G. Bentinck's
Captain Cook and Lord Maidstone's Larry M.Hale,
owners riding ; one between Vitellius and Roderick, for
300/. • the Queen's Plate ; the Cowdray Stakes ; the
Chichester Members' and te Ladies' Plate, heats ; the
entries to be made on Monday next. Including heats,
nine or ten races may be expected. On Thursday,
the grand day, besides the Cup, for which Alice Haw-
thorn and a large field are likely to show, there will be
several interesting and valuable stakes :—The Racing
Stakes of 50 soya. each, pp, has twenty-five entries, of
which the Devil-to-Pay, Akbar, and the Miser Scarve
(the Ugly Buck being struck out), are the only public
runners of any pretension. The Molecomb Stakes of 50

sovs. each, h ft, for two years old, 6 subs. ; otie of
200 sovs. each, pp, for two years old, 10 subs. ; two other
two years old stakes of 25 sovs. each, one with 11 subs.,
and the other with 10, The Duke of Richmond's elate
of 100/. (to name the day before running). The An-
glesey Stakes of lb sovs. each, gentlemen riders, 12 subs.;
and the match between Alva and the Purity filly,
complete a day's racing of extraordinary attraction,
amounting, after allowing for forfe3ts, to at least seven
thousand pounds, The Maid of Orleans is in one of the
25 sov. stakes, but the others are favourable to t}pecula-
tion. On Friday the meeting will terminate, and as the
following sketch of the present fixtures will show, with
a brilliant promise of sport :—The Chesterfield Cup, 42
horses namcd. The Nassau Stakes of 50 sovs. each, pp,
for three yrs old fillies, 26 subs.; including The Princes."
(91bs extra), All-round. my-Hat, Thc Bee, Barricade,
and Zenobia. The Maidstone Stakes of 15 sovs. each,
gentlemen riders, 35 subs. The Match (in heats or
classes, according to the acceptances) of 10 sem
each, h ft, gentlemen riders, 56 subs.) to name
in the race week. The Bathyany Stakes of 5 soya. each,
gentlemen riders, 14 subs., to name in the race week ;
and the post match between Lord G. Bentinek and Lord
Glasgow ; making in round numbers nine races a day,
exclusive of heats, amounting to 25,0002 The races
will be under the stewardship of Sir W. W. Wynn,
Bart., and G. Payne, Esq., and will commence each day
at half-past twelve o'clock precisely.
We understand that for the furtherance of business
during the race-week, a subscription betting-room will
be opened at Chichester, within a few doors of the
Swan.
Handicap for the Goodwood Club Stake.

Lothario, 4 yrs, 12st 71b—Cattonite, 5 yrs, 12st 21b---
Currier, aged, list 101b—Aristides, 4 yrs, list 101 b
Fisticuff, 4 yrs. 1 Ist 101b—Porto Bello, 4 yrs, list 81b—
Naworth, aged, list 31b—Priessnitz, aged, lOst 121 b
—Queen Ma), 5 yrs, lOst 1 Ilb—Quebec, 4 yrs, lOst I lib
—Pastoral, 3 yrs, lOst 91b—Emma, 3 yrs, lOst 51b—
Miss Miggs, 5 yrs, lOst 51b—Fox, 4 yrs,
.10st 31b—Coal
Black Rose, 3 yrs, 10A—Elenai, 3 yrs, 9st 101b—Sea-
mew, 3 yrs, 9st 31b
BLACKWALL AND POPLAR REGATTA.

Yesterday being the anniversary of the day on which the
first meeting was held at Blackwall for the establishment of
the Watermen's and Lightermen's Almshouses, the water-
men of All Saints, Poplar, and Blackwall, selected it to row
their match for a new skiff and some other excellent prizes,
liberally presented by the residents. The contest was with
six scullers, in four heats, and was highly attractive, there
being some thousands of persons congregated during the day
to witness it. Three men started in the first heat, and the
remaining three in the second, and the first man of each heat
laid by while the other four rowed for the third heat. The
fourth heat was between the best two of this lot, and the
first man of the first heat and first man of the second heat,
and the two winners only of this were qualified to row in the
grand heat. The boats started in each heat from Blackwell-
stairs, and went twice round the distance, extending from
the Folly-house to the East India Dock-bridge, opposite the
Brunswick Wharf.

J. Curd, light blue 1
H. Venton, red
G. Ball, yellow

SECOND MEAT.
11. Corey, dark blue
G. Atkins, pink ......
0. Smith, green

THIRD HEAT.
Won by G. Ball cleverly, followed by G. Atkins.
FOURTH HEAT.
Won by H. Corey, G. Ball being second, J. Curd third.
GRAND HEAT.

The two men, Corey and Ball, started away very evenly,
but in a few strokes Ball contrived to draw about half a
length in advance, which he continued to hold throughout a
very spirited and closely-contested heat. Corey was hardly
half a length astern at the coming in, and both he and the
winner were much distressed.

WEATHER AND CROPS IN DERBYSHIRE.--The
weather is as seasonable as the most sanguine could desire,
and, under its influence, the various crops are fast approach-
ing maturity. Wheat-cutting is likely to be almost imme
diately commenced. The reports respecting the probable
yield are, with few exceptions, favourable, whilst the quality
is likely to be uncommonly fine. Barley, though greatly im-
proved within the last few weeks, can scarcely be expected
to produce well, the previously experienced drought having
had a very injurious effect on this plant. Beans have re-
covered wonderfully ; and peas and oats will, we trust, yield
a better return than was earlier in the season deemed pos-
sible ; on the whole, therefore, our prospects are encouraging.
—Derby Mercury, July 24.
DREADFUL ACClDENT.—Wednesday morning, at
about nine o'clock, a man named Thomas Hudson, em-
ployed as a labourer on the Gravesend, Chatham, and
Stroud Railway, now in the course of formation, was
severely injured by the filling of some earth. He was,
at the time above-mentioned, engaged with many other
workmen in excavating at a cutting at a village called
Highani, about seven miles from Gravesend, when, from
an oversight, or the want of proper precaution for the
safety of the men (though no cause has as yet been
assigned), a mass of at least two tons of earth gave way
from above and fell upon him. Numbers of the men at
work close by ran to the spot and found Hudson buried
up to the chest, and suffering dreadfully from the im-
mense pressure upon the lower part of his body. With-
out loss of time they commenced shovelling away the
earth, and finding his legs crushed between the knee and
and ankle, carried him to a surgeon in the neighbour-
hood. The surgeon promptly attended to the poor
man's injuries, and found them to be of such a
serious nature as to justify him in sending him at once
to one of the metropolitan hospitals. A fly was then
procured, and the man was driven to town and taken to
St. Thomas's Hospital. Mr. Travers, one of the chief
surgeons of the institution, attended him upon his admis-
sion, and though the man's lower extremities are
crushed in a frightful manner, and his body in other
places bruised, there are still hopes of his recovery. He
was a steady man, and was in the employ of Mr. Brown,
contractor, of Shorn, Kent.

A CHILD POISONED.—On Wednesday. afternoon
Mr. Baker, Coroner for the eastern division of the county
of Middlesex, held an inquest at the Hen and Chickens,
Bath-street, Shoreditch, on the body of George Greene,
a very fine child, eighteen months old, who came by
his death under the following circumstances :—lt
appeared by the evidence of a number of witnesses
that on Sunday afternoon last, about half•past two
o'clock, a man came into the shop of deceased's father,
who is a boot and shoemaker in a small way of busi
ness, residing at No. 1, Bath-court, Shoreditch, for the
purpose of having a pair of boots repaired. The indi•
vidual was only known to the deceased's father by the
name of " George," from his having called some time
before on a similar errand. During the time occupied
by the repairs the man, apparently feeling incom-
moded by something in his coat pocket, took out a
four ounce phial and laid it upon the leathern seat.
The boots having been repaired, the man went away, and
no notice was taken of the bottle until about an
hour and a half after he had left, when the father had
occasion to pass through the shop into the yard,
and was followed by the deceased, who was his youngest
son. The boy espying the bottle on his father's seat,
seized it, and immediately drank off a portion of its con-
tents. Its excruciating effects instantly took place, and
the poor child ran screaming after its parent with the
bottle containing the remnant of the liquor in its hand.
He was immediately conveyed to the surgery of Mr.
Morgan, of No. 14, Old-street-road, who, on seeing
the state of the infant, instantly pronounced the
case to be hopeless ; and, notwithstanding he
administered every possible antidote, the poor child
only survived a few minutes after he. was brought
in. It appeared by the subsequent evidence that
the man George ran back in about two hours after
he had left the bottle in a most excited state, to
inquire for it, and upon being told that the de-
ceased infant had swallowed a portion of its con-
tents, and was then dead, was extremely affected, and
said that the bottle contained a preparation used in his
business as a jeweller. Mr. Morgan said he had no
doubt the deceased bad died from taking a portion of
the contents of the phial, which was a solution of nitrate
of silver, a deadly poison, which is frequently used by
jewellers in their business. The jury returned a verdict
of " Accidentally poisoned from drinking a solution of
nitrate of silver."

ASCENT OF ANOTIIER MONSTER BALLOON.—On
Monday evening last Mr. Hampton, the aeronaut, who, it
will be recollected, about five years since made perilous
descents in a parachute at Chelsea and Cheltenham, as-
cended from the Vauxhall-gardens, Birmingham, in a
stupendous new balloon. The machine, which is
the sole invention of Mr. Hampton, has been con-
structed in an entirely novel manner, both with
respect to the valve, shape, and car, the silk of
which it is composed amounting to several thousand
yards, being manufactured by Spitalfields weavers. It is
nearly the size of the great Nassau balloon, being 67 feet
in height, 124 feet in circumference, calculated to contain
about 24,000 cubic feet of gas, and the car, which, is
capable of holding six persons, being five feet in
diameter and of a circular form. The fete was
under the patronage of Colonel Whyte, of the
7th Hussars and the officers, who attended the gar-
dens, as also a large concourse of spectators. Several
gentlemen having expressed their desire to ascend with
Mr. Hampton, amongst whom was a Mr. H. Wells, of
London, some considerable disappointment was caused
as the time drew nigh for its inflation, for, by
that period, the machine was found not to be one-
third inflated, and the gas of so inferior a description
that it soon became apparent that it had only ascend-
ing power enough to take up the aeronaut by
himself.
Every endeavour was made to further its inflation, but
to no effect, and at seven o'clock being liberated from
the earth, and it rose almost perpendicularly front the
gardens. The atmosphere being very clear, the ascent
was beautiful in the extreme, and after the aeronaut had
gained an altitude of two miles, he effected an easy and
safe descent at Shear's-hill, near Wolverhampton. It is
understood that the valve and other improvements have
fully answered the inventor's expectation.
TRADE OF DUD IN.—Another quarter of the
I
financial year has been accomplished ; ts results in Dublin
have been again favourable to the Exchequer of the country.
Notwithstanding the decadence of manufactures—the nearly
total annihilation of commerce, and the prevalence of almost
universal poverty—the improved habits of the people are
fully exemplified in the continued increasing amount of
the duties received in teas, sugars, &c., and a corresponding
decrease on those which accrue from malt and spirituous
liquors. In the quarter ended the sth July, 1843, the
amount of moneys received at this port was 223,228/. ;
the number of entries passed to obtain that sum has
been 5,160. The quarter ended the sth of the present
month gives 261,9, 6/., and 6,587 entries—increase in favour
of the late quarter over the corresponding one of 1843,
38,748/. To this increase on the quarter sugar has contri-
buted 6,3501.; coffee, 1,1761.; tea, 6 739/ •' wine 17 559/ •,
and tobacco, 6,5271. For the quarter' just. ended, sugar'' .pro-
duced 53,894/., in that 0f1843, 47,514/. Tea stands at 87,4911.
against P 0,689/. for last year. Wine returned 38,044/. in
place of last season, 20,485/., and tobacco 65,731/. in place of
59,204/., the receipt of 1843. In the various departments
connected with the receipt and discharge of the goods sub-
ject to customs duties, the great accumulation of business
which is daily occurring entails on the very meagre and
scanty paid establishments who are now employed at this
port a vast increase of responsibility and heavy work, and
causes to the public delays which result in great inconvenience
and loss of time.—Dublin Freeman.