The Sun.
London, England, 1850-10-31 00:00:00

geratedet‘ccouuts current relating to the coast arid
not to the interior—the climate is more than usually
healthy (it is far from disagreeable, as I can myself
testify) ; the scenery of surpassing beauty, and the
natural capabilities equal to any, superior to most, of
our North American colonies. Of course., the rail-
road to which I have referred, placing, as it will
do, the capital, Fredericton, within eleven or twelve
days of London, adds much to its other ad-
vantages ; but the arrangements recently made
for sale of waste lands give it an interest
peculiarly its own. Its Government, under, we may
believe, the inspiration of Sir Edmund Head,
has been the first to acknowledge the truth of tne
dictum of the old Grecian, " That an inhabited coun-
try is indeed "aluable, but one destitute of inhabitants
is deztiture of value also," and, having determined to
look at land only as an inducement to emigration,
have placed a nominal value only upon it—or r:,ther
land is given to those who will pay tor the expense of
the survey arid for opening the necessary communica-
tion. This latter they may do themselves, under the
superintendence of the Government surveyors ; and
thus land of the best quality is to be had there for
one shilling and one day's work on the roads per acre.
New Brunswick has thus taken the lead among the
colonies in offering land nt a price available for gene-
ral emigration, and our Government at home has an-
ticipated the step necessary to enable u' to take ad-
vantage of its otnr by providing, by Act of Parlia-
ment, that parishes may borrow money for the pur-
poses of emigration on the security of the poor .rates.
With the technicalities of this I need nut trouble
you, but it is quite clear that the thing may be done.
It is not, of course, necessary that the plan to be
proposed should be put in execution by the parochial
authorities. It might be as well—perhaps better-_.
managed by a body of gentlemen forming a committee
for the purpose. It might be done by Govern-
ment. It might even be done, and well done, by a
body of shareholders intending themselves to emi-
grate and settle on the land—holding, say, fifty shares
of 1001. each. But as our guardians of the poor are
those whose duty it is to see not only that the poor
be provided for, but that the provision be made at the
least possible expense and in the most efficacious way,
I have taken the liberty to presume the possibility
that they may do their duty. Let us, then, suppose
a case, select a locality, and arrange our emigration.
The River Tobique, an affluent of St. John's from
the north, presents, perhaps, more desirable features
for settlement than any otber portion of New Bruns-
wick. The valley, extending about twenty-five miles
from its confluence with the parent river to the mouth
of its affluent, the Gulquac, is remarkable for its
beauty and fertility, respecting which I need say no
more than that its soil varies from red sandstone to
limestone, and that it possesses vast stores of gypsum.
Let us suppose permission obtained from the colonial
government to take up this valley for the purposes of
emigration, and estimate its contents at about 50,000,
and reserving 2,000; say, for convenience of calcula-
tion, 48,000 acres.
I should propose to place on this land in ten years
1,200 persons, or 120 annually. I presume those se-
lected to be married couples, and take no account of
children, as the extra expense of a few would be of no
moment, and it is desirable, on every account, that as
few should go out as possible. Each couple should
have fifty acres of land, which, allowing a fraction for
roads, &c., would be about two-thirds of the whole ;
a free passage ; food for so long as they were without
return of crops from their lands; a log hut, and im-
plements of labour. The question then arises; How
are these advantages to be paid for ? As whatever
might be provided for the use of the emigrants, the
cost of land included, would be paid to their ac-
count, and a return, either 'in money or labour, re-
quired, before they obtain full possession of their
land, it is obvious that the ultimate expense would be
nil, provided the labour of the emigrants, in the event
of their not being able to offer other payment, be ap-
plicable to good account. It is for this purpose that
one-third of the land is reserved. This I should put
up for sale to settlers with capital, and the work re-
quired in the first instance by the local government
being performed by the emigrants, the presence of
labour and other advantages of the settle-
ment might justify the - conclusion that an
average price of 10s. per acre might easily be
obtained for it a conclusion confirmed by
the experience of the Canada Company, and, indeed,
of all land sales in the provinces. But the labour of
the emigrants is yet further available; it may be em •
ployed in providing the log huts, and, probably, the
provisions necessary for succeeding emigrations. I
presume, therefore, that the money expense of the
emigration might be stated as follows :
Cost of 50,000 acres of land
One year's food for first two years' emi-
grants, i. e., 240, at 61. 105.
Huts, &c., for one year's emigrants .....

• £4,660
Now, the reserved third, or 16,000 acres at 103.,
would produce 8,4001., and thus a balance of 3,7401.
wuuid appear on the transaction as a margin for con-
tingencies and as interest for money employed. It
appears also that a capital of 5,000/. would be suffi-
cient to commence with. 1 will not enter now into
minor details, such as why the sums in the account
have been assumed, my object being simply to give
an example and excite inquiry into the system; nor
will 1 show the balance that would accrue from the
labour-fund. I am at present merely sketching an
outline. The accounts of such an emigration have,
however, been worked out, and can be produced.
Nothing has as yet been said as to the expense of
passage, &c. I propose that this should be paid by
the parish from which the emigrants are sent. I find
that the average cost of a pauper is Cl. 10s. per an-
num, inclusive of casuals. Any parish would, there-
fore, be glad to give that sum to get any one perma-
nently off its list. The passage would not, if pro-
perly managed, cost more than 4/. 10s., and I would
reserve the remaining 21. for the purposes of religion
and education, and for the supply of medical aid and
supervision. This would give 2,4001. One clergy-
man and one medical man should have charge of the
emigrants for each five years of the emigration, and I
would give them for that term 100/. each per annum.
This would require for ten years 2,0001., and the
remaining 4001. might be employed iu building their
houses, providing their outfit, stock, sze. They should
have 250 acres of land from the reserved 2,000, and
the 1,000 remaining be devoted to public purposes,
with the fraction over and above 50 acres to each
emigrant family ; and if the general supervision of
the whole were committed to them, further advan-
tages might be afforded them from the surplus of the
labour-fund of the emigrants. I have no hesitation
in affirming that good men from both professions
might be obtained on those terms. I believe, also,
that at the expiration of five years each half of the
settlement would be able to provide them a a suffi-
cient remuneration for their services, as well as for
the instruction of the children, who would then be
growing up.

- The only difficulty attending this plan would be
found in winding up the accounts, which would
spread over a period of fifteen years. This, however,
is on the supposition that the emigration should then
cease, and should be limited to the number I have
assumed. As, however, neither would be desirable,
the advantages to be derived being in proportion to
the extent to which the scheme. is developed, this
need not be considered. If I have said enough to
show that a mixed emigration could be carried on at
so trifling an outlay without loss, and provided with
all requisites for its success, I have said enough.
For intruding this on the notice of the public I
make no apology. If the scheme is a good one, no
apology is needed ; if not, the intention may excase
the defect. I may remark, however, that those con-
versant with the feelings of the labouring men of
the present day know well how often the thought re-
curs to them in their difficulties, that it is the duty
of the Government, or those who have the means, to
mark out some scheme of emigration for their relief.
I desire to show them that some at leant of their
countrymen are neither ignorant nor careless of their
wants; I would escape the imputation of neglecting
to forward so desirable an object. I remember that
the only wants our North American colonies can ever
feel--capital and labour—may by this means be sup-
plied, and that the mother country could not adept
more certain means of retaining the affection of her
children than by ministering to those wants.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
C. G. NICOLAY
9, Sloane•terrace, Sloane-street.

MONEY MARKET—The premium on gold at Paris
is 4f per millet which, at the English Mint price of
31. 17s. 10id. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex-
change of 25.26; and the exchange at Paris on London
at short being 25.20, it follows that gold is 0.24 per
cent. dearer in Paris than in London. By advices from
Hamburgh the price of gold is 429 per mark, which,
at the English Mint price of 31. 17e. lOid. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 13.7; and the ex-
change at llambufgh on Loudon at short being 13.71,
it follows that gold is 0.35 per cent. dearer in Ham-
burgh than in London. Toe course of exchange at
New York on London for bills at 60 days' sight is 1101
per cent., and the par of exchange between England and
America being 109 23.40 per cent., it follows that the
exchange is nominally 1.17 per cent. in favour of Eng-
land, and after making allowance for difference of
interest and charges of transport, the present rate
leaves a profit on the importation of gold (lona the
United States.

BEEF FROM THE VATICAN.—Among the recent im-
of
theth the
tbwuol from
oa
ng
portations of foreign cattle, the most remarkable is that of
i;raorYbabbluyilbefrotnhielmooniree,usefulthough
in this country, the Roman bull gave such indica-
tairornivsia being likely to prove mischievous, that it has been
found necessary to take him boldly by the horns. No inten-
the
Nineveh e'trawirldl
tical, however, exists of placing him under any forcible re-
grojut ; and he will be suffered to range at large, unmolested.
It is hoped, that, after all, he will turn out perfectly harm..
less. Should ;begin to be troublesome, the clergyman
mentioned in the papers the other day, as having mesmerised
a bull, or some other clergyman equally clever, mut bet to
work ;yid quiet him,—hunch,

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