The Sun.
London, England, 1868-01-17 00:00:00

MANUFACTURERS OF THE VICTORIA CROSS.

GREAT NORTHERN- HOSPITAL,
Islington, N.
Supported by Voluntary Contributions.
This Hospital has rchoved 451.9.;1 patients since it was estab-
fished at King's-cross in 18!dl. Patients are admitted free.
Bankers—Messrs. Barnet. Lloyds, alld. Co., GO, Lombard-streer,
Messrs. Ransom and Bouvorie 1, Pall-ms.ll.—Hon. Sec., P. Smith,
Esq. Gm. REID. Sett

PAINLESS DENTISTRY,
bIESSTS.
orDENTIsTs (Established
London Cv.vencliat-square,
64,
Liverpool 34, Duke-street, ttua
Brighton
have just published a NEW PAMPHLET explaining their Pain-
less System of Dentistry, and self-adhesive Teeth without
springs, at MODSBATO C 140,4! by hl4 (Mt? ?ta
At.F £911? le&Pamia

At the Westminster police-court, yesterday,
Messrs. Poole and Tyler, the former a mason, and
the latter a builder in Westminster, were summoned
by Mr. J. Tolley, district surveyor, for an offence
under the Metropolitan Building Act.
Mr. Philbrick, barrister, represented the Board
of Works; and Mr. Edward Vaughan Richards
nominally appeared for the defendants, but in
reality for the dean and chapter of Westminster.
Mr. Philbrick, in opening the case, stated that
the summonses were taken out by Mr. Tolley,
eiarging, the defendants that they did do certain
work within the district of St. Margaret's and the
Close of St. Peter's, Westminster, without giving
due notice to the district surveyor, as required by
the 38th chapter, section 132, of the 18 and 19 Vie.
toria. The facts were not in dispute, but the ques-
tion that would be raised was whether the abbey
was a royal palace or place intended for the use and
service of the Sovereign. If so, it would be ex-
empted under the Act of Parliament.
A pipe for heating pa, i of the Abbey had been
placed too close to the roof of the Jerusalem
Chamber, and as the venerable pile was considered
to be endangered by it, as well as for the inte-
rests of justice, these proceedings were commenced
two or three months ago, and fully argued yester-
day.
Mr. Richards, in a most learned and elaborate
address, said the first thing to be considered was
whether Westminster Abbey was a Royal palace or
place employed for her Majesty's use and service ;
he should endeavour as briefly as possible to show
that it was, and although the Royal charter of
Queen Elizabeth would be quoted as evidence
against his argument, still he held that it was a
Royal palace ; and, firstly, referred to the Gazette
of April 13, 1838, in which in the Royal proclama-
tion the coronation is appointed to be held in " our
Palace of Westminster." In the time of Edward the
Confessor the palace of Westminster and the Royal
chapel were closely adjacent, as illustrated in a
piece of the famous tapestry called the Bayeaux tapes-
try, a drawing of which was now produced, in which
a man is represented standing on the roof of the
chapel, holding on by the weathercock of the chapel
and the tower of the palace. Further, he referred
to a work lately published by the Rev. Dean Stan-
ley, entitled "Memorials of Westminster Abbey,"
in which that learned man said—" The monastery
and church of Westminster were, as we have seen,
enclosed within the precincts of the Palace of West-
minster as completely as the Abbey of Holyrood
and the convent of the Escurial were united with
those palaces of the Scottish and Spanish sovereigns.
The abbey was, in fact, a royal chapel on a gigan-
tic scale. The King had a private entrance to it
from the south transept, almost directly from the
Confessor's Hall. Even to this day, in official lan-
guage, the coronations are said to take place in our
Palace of Westminster, though the Sovereign never
sets foot strictly in the palace so called ; the whole
ceremony is confined to the abbey, which for the time
passes entirely into possession of the crown and its
officers." He then read an extract from the same
work, respecting the Bayeaux tapestry. Passing
over the events of the middle ages and the charter
of Queen E:izabeth, which he admitted dissolved
monasteries and made Westminster Abbey subject
to the control of an abbot and 12 prebends, he
came to our own times when the abbey had been
taken possession of by the Crown for the purposes
of coronations, funerals, and musical festivals ;
at the coronation of Queen Victoria divine ser-
vice ceased, prodigious galleries were built, and
the Abbey was under the control of the Earl
Marshal ; at the coronation of William IV. it
was the same ; and at the coronation of George
IV. there was a grand banquet besides, and a
champion rode in. Not only was the Abbey abso-
lutely taken out of the hands of the dean and
chapter, but he would show that the Duke of Nor-
folk, Earl Marshal, had declined to allow the dean
and chapter, their families and friends, seats to
witness the ceremony of coronation. He then read
extracts from the Heraldry books concerning the
Handel festivals ; the first held by King George
111. and Queen Charlotte in 1761, and the second
held in 1834 by King William IV. and Queen Ade-
laide, and they went on to the coronations, reading
the warrants of the earls marshal to receive the
keys of the abbey from the dean and chapter. It
also appeared that every king, with the exception
of Edward V., had been crowned in the abbey ;
and Richard I. was crowned there the second
time ; indeed, the dean and chapter had so little
power in the matter that when it was advertised
that refreshments would be provided on the occa-
sion of the coronation of Queen Victoria, the
dean and chapter presented a humble pe-
tion to the earl marshal, praying that the
sacred edifice should not be made a bauquetting
hall ; and he explained that it was only a cold col-
lation, for those who would be naturally fatigued
during the long ceremony; the Crown had even
taken away the organ, to set up a new one at the
coronation. Again, in May, 1838, the abbey having
been given up to the earl marshal, a memorial was
prepared and sent by the dean and chapter, pray-
ing that accommodation might be afforded for the
family and friends of the dean and chapter, as on
the two previous coronations the accommodation
had been declined ; and the answer from the earl
marshal, dignified, yet polite, explained that it was
not in his power to accede to the request of the
memorialists, and explained that whatever might
have been the usages of olden times, there had
been so many fresh creations since the acces-
sion of George the Third that there was not
sufficient accommodation for the peers and
their families, or even for the friends of the
earl marshal himself. In 1834, at the Handel
Festival, Sir George Smart, the King's organist,
was master of the ceremonies, and the public were
entirely excluded as long as the crown thought fit ;
in fact, the dean and chapter never had raised the
question, or refused to acknowledge the royal pre-
rogative, because they could not resist the regal
power. Respecting the Handel Festival of 1761,
there was no authentic record of what took place,
but no doubt the abbey was then entirely in the
possession of the Crown ; and it was his opinion
that if the Crown chose to hold a weekly sacred
concert there it could, although such an idea was
one that needed very little discussion. Again, with
regard to royal funerals, the Crown had the right
to repair the tombs in the royal chapels ; and from
the " Collectanea Typographica et Geographica,"
it appeared that after the Restoration, in 1661,
a royal order commanded the Dean an d
Chapter forthwith to exhume the bodies of
the regicides and other persons buried in
Henry Vll.'s Chapel, and bury them in the church-
yard adjoining ; and among the long list of persons
so ordered to be exhumed were the names of Eliza-

beth Cromwell, Bradshaw, &c. Further, the royal
jewels were kept in the Jerusalem Chamber ; and
if he was not mistaken, there was a record in the
fourteenth century of a robbery at the abbey,
whereon the abbot and his monks were put to prison ;
this, no doubt, put his successor on the alert, and
for the future the jewels were kept in safe custody
at the Tower of Loudon ; and up to the present
time, on the night before the coronation they were
kept in the Jerusalem Chamber, in the chirge of a
beef-eater; the Jerusalem Chamber communicat-
ing with the abbey by a door. Then, in support
of his argument, there was one of the strongest
proofs yet to come, and that was respecting the
Pix Chamber, where the standard coins and
measures of the realm were kept, and of that
chamber the dean and chapter never had the key,
but it was in the safe custody of an officer of her

Majesty's Treasury. Finally, he quoted the case
of " Say v. Hammond," in which it was held that
a place where the arms of the militia were kept was

Captain Rogers, of the Braganza, from Oporto,
which arrived in the Mersey on Tuesday night,
supplies the following report of the wreck of the
Euphrates off Holyhead :—" January 14, at 3.30
p.m., steering N.E. by E. E. for the South
Stack, blowing strong from the W.S.W. with a
heavy sea, observed a barque bearing east, running
up Channel under reefed foresail, and thinking
something was the matter with her by. the way she
was steering about, I put my helm aport and ran
down to her within two miles, but seeing no signals
flying, I again kept my ship on her course, when
at 4.10 p.m., being nearly abreast of her, I saw
her ensign run up half-mast, union down. I
immediately kept away for her, when the ensign
was hauled down, and on getting alongside of
her within speaking distance I found she was
called the Euphrates. The captain then informed
me that she was waterlogged, and asked me to tow
him. I told him to give me his rope, but he re-
fused to do so until he asked me what I would
charge for the tow. I told him I could not make
any bargain with him, but would tow him into
Holyhead, then about 12 miles distant. The ships
began to separate. I put my helm astarboard to
round to, when he again hoisted his ensign, union
down, and at the same time put his helm aport,
bringing his ship's beam to the sea, when she imme-
diately began to settle down fore head. Before I
could get my boats out she was over, and the cap-
tain, his wife, and crew were on the outside of her
port quarter. I had then got my largest boat in the
water, and manned, and they pulled to the wreck,
but before they could get that far a sea swept them all
into the water. I then got another boat out and
kept my ship as close to the wreck as possible to
avoid danger, and night setting in I lost sight of the
wreck, and also my own boat. I then steamed as
close to the place of the accident as possible, when
I fell in with my own boat, who told me they were
drifting fast from the wreck, they not being able
to pull against the sea ; they said they had
been up to the ship but had not been able to save
any one. I then again steamed in the direction of
the wreck, when I passed two men clinging to some
spars, but owing to the sea that was running I could
not get hold of them. I kept as close to the spot
as I could to see if I could save any of them, but it
was so dark, and the sea breaking so that I could
not distinguish or hear anything of them. They
must have all gone down or I should have heard
some of them crying, as I found I was within 200
yards of the wreck, bottom up, for the sea was
breaking very heavily over her. I then picked my
own boat and crew up, and stopped until 6.30 p.m.,
when, seeing that I could not do anything more,
and being fully assured that all must have gone
down, as it was impossible for them to live
in the
sea that was running, I then put my ship on her
course again. (Signed) G. Rogers, mastk,
seconder ; John
Scotland, first mate ; John Kirkpatrick,
mate."

A Swiss EXECUTION.—The man Ileli Freymoud,
condemned to death at Moudon, canton
dwell; Vo
aud, in ZemSnwtiftzerland, for poisoning his wife and at-
tempting a similar crime on a young man betrothed to his
sister-in-law, whom he wished to marry, has just under-
gone the extreme penalty of the law. Neither the guillo-
tine nor the gibbet is used in Switzerland, the mode of
execution being that of decapitation with the sword. The
criminal is firmly bound, blindfolded, and his hands tied
behind him, seated on a chair, which is fixed on an ele-
vated platform. The assistant executioner then holds
back the head by the hair, while his principal, seizing a
two-handed sword, cuts through the neck with extra-
ordinary dexterity by a single blow. On t'm present occa-
sion about 12,000 persons were present. The condemned
man slept well during the preceding night. At ten o'clock
ho drank two glasses of wine, and then set out for the place
of execution, preceded by the headsman, dressed in scarlet
and wearing a cocked hat. The criminal walked firmly, and
on reaching the foot of the scaffold embraced the chaplain
and the gendarmes. The preparations lasted about five
minutes ; the executioner then took up his sword, a hissing
noise was hoard as it cleaved the air, and the head was
severed from the body. The Chaplain Benoit then de-
livered a short address while the body was being unbound
and covered with a black cloth.

Mr. MUNDELLA (Nottingham), as a large employer of
labour under the Factory Act, must confess that the half-
time system was doing little or nothing at all for the
children, and as a proof he might mention that in his
experience he had found only 41 per cent. of the factory
children who could write tolerably well.
Mr. SEWELL, inspector of schools, said he was in favour
of children in agricultural districts spending a certain num-
ber of days at school either in weeks or months, to the
number of 200 days. -

The Right Hon. H. A. BRUCE, M.P., having referred to
some remarks that bad been made by previous speakers,
s►nd explained certain clauses in the Industrial Schools Bill,
&c., the conference adjourned for luncheon.
On reassembling,

The CHAIRMAN said the next point for consideration
was, " 3. Is it desirable to extend the principle of com-
pulsory school attendance beyond these measures? 4.
Means by which such compulsory attendance should be
enforced. 5. Compulsory clauses proposed to be intro-
duced by Mr. Bazley considered."
Mr. Bazley, the Von. Archdeacon Sandford, Professor
Christie (Owen's College), and the Rev. Canon Toole
(Manchester) were in favour of compulsory attendance.

The Right Hon. H. A. BRUCE then addressed a few
words to the meeting, and said ; If compulsion was
resorted to, they would have to compel one-half of the
children in the country to go to school. They must not
raise opposition to their measure by asking for too much.
They must proceed progressively. Compulsion was their
last step, as it was the best, and some day it would be
agreed to as was now wished.
Mr. A. HERBERT moved, and Mr. SIMONS seconded,
another amendment, which was withdrawn on the sugges-
Con, by Mr. J. T. HIBBERT, M.P., that the following
form of resolution would meet the views of all parties:—

" That the Education Bill Committee be requested, in
conjunction with Mr. Bazley, to prepare such clauses as
they may consider practicable to enforce the attendance at
school of neglected children, and to request him to give
notice, before any education bill brought into Parliament
comes to a second reading, that he will introduce such
clauses in committee."
This was passed unanimously.

Mr. BRUCE, in response to a vote of thanks, expressed a
hope that when the members of the conference returned to
their respective localities they would be induced by what
they had heard to form local committees in support of this
movement, and he could promise them, on the part of Mr.
Francis Taylor (hon, secretary) and the Manchester com-
mittee, every possible assistance.
The conference then terminated.

The Leominster butchers go weekly to Hereford
and sell prime meat 25 per cent. cheaper than the Here-
ford butchers.

ABYSSINIA.—We have received news to the eftect
that the health and spirits of the expeditionary force are
alike excellent. Hospital accommodation will be provided
at the rate of 7 per cent. for the British part of the force,
disposed as three divisional field hospitals, and separate
tents for regiments and field batteries, &c., proceeding on
the march. The largest central depot hospital will pro-
bably be at Senafe, which appears to possess a healthy
climate, and to be the most convenient position for con-
centrating the sick coming down from the front. In our
opinion an hospital of this kind will be preferable in every
way to employing iron steamers as stationary hospital
slips in the Red Sea. The ration is said to be of good
quality. It consists of 11b. of bread or 1 Ib. of flour,
of ghee, rice, 12oz. of potatoes, with onions, salt, sugar,
tea, and au allowance of rum. The meat will be fresh when
procurable, and preserved (in preference to salt) when not.
Every soldier is to have a pair of leathern gaiters, and is
to be supplied with a waterproof to place on the earth or
floor of his tent. The sanitary and medical arrangements
so far appear to have been of a very satisfactory nature.
Lancet.

LATE EDITION of " THE SUN " at
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READY MADE CLOTHING FOR ADULTS.

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