The Sun.
London, England, 1850-05-06 00:00:00

N° 17 976.]
. LONDON, MONDAY „
31 .
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, MAY 6, 1850.

II AFRICAN EXHIBITION.
LI CHINESE GALLERY, HYDE-PARK CORNER.
A MUSEUM of SPORTING TROPHIES, NATIVE ARMS
and COSTUMES, &c., • collected by Ronaleyn Gordon Cumming,
Esq., during a five years' hunting expedition in the unexplored
regions of the tar Interior of South Africa.
OPEN DAILY, from Eleven o'clock till Ten.
Admission, Is.

THE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION.
LECTURES on MUSIC by Sir HENRY R. BISHOP resumed,
with an increased number of VOCALISTS for the Illustrations on
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at Eight, and on Tue,day, Thu' s-
day, and Saturday, at Three o'clock.—Dr. Bachhoffner's Second
Lecture on the Philosophy of Scientific Recreation with Optical
Effects, daily at Two, and on Tuesday and Thursday Evenings at
a :quarter-past Fine.—Lecture by J. 11. Pepper, Esq., on the
Chemistry of Hydrogen, with special reference to its application for
conveying by Balloons Pyrotechnic and other Signals to Sir John
Franklin, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at Three, and on
Tuesday and Thursday Evenings, at Eight.—Dissolving Views,
illustrating the Arctic Regions and Ceylon ; also Views of London in
the Sixteenth Century, and as it now is.—Diver and Diving-
bell, &c., &o.

Admission, Is.—Schools, Half-price.
Analyses and Chemical Experiments conducted in tho Laboratory,
under the direction of J. H. Pepper, Esq.

ARGYLE SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS, Great
Windmill-street, St. James's.

Musical Director and Conductor, Y. LAURENT, jun.
This ACADEMT, for Tuition and Practice of DANCING, is
NOW OPEN for the Season. Teaching by Professors Calkins,
Mosey, and Franceni.
For Terms of Private Tuition apply at the office.—Terms of Sub-
scription, for morning and evening practice:—Six months, it. 55.;
one month, 11. Is.; one eyeaing, Is. Subscribers' tickets not
transferable.
The Aeademy will open for evening practice at a Quarter to Eight
o'clock, and terminate at Half-past EleYen precisely.

RICK. CLOTHS, with Poles, Pulleys, and Lines
complete.—" No farmer should be without a good Rick
Cloth, for it is certainly out of the most useful things he can have
on his premises." Address BENJAMIN EDGINGTON, Marquee,
Tent, and Rick Cloth Manufacturer, 2, Duke-street, Southwark; a
warehouse, 20S, Piccadilly.—A few good second-hand Rick Cloths
for sale.

LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF
THE FRIENDS OF POLAND. _

The eighteenth annual meeting of the Literary Asso •
ciation of the Friends of Poland was held on Friday
afternoon at Sussex Chambers, Duke-street, St. James's;
Lord Dudley Stuart, the President of the Association,
in the chair. _ _

' Among those present, besides the Noble Chairman,
we observed—the Earl of Harrowby, Lord Beaumont,
Captain Townshend, R.N., M.P.; Colonel Salwey, M.P.;
Sir Benjamin Hall, Bart., M.P.; R. Monckton Milnes,
Esq., -M.P.; Francia Mowa.tt, Esq., M.P.; B. M. Will-
cox, Esq. M.P.; J. Williams, Esq.. M.P.; William
Pinney, Esq., M.P.; William Scholefield, Esq., M.P.;
J. A. Smith, Esq., M.P.; Rev. Dr. Worthington, 1).
Salomons, Eiq., Alderman; George Wilbraham. Esq.;
William Pritchard, Esq., High Bailiff of Southwark;
George Bowyer, Esq.; Frederick Pigeon, Esq.; Joseph
Ferguson, Esq.; George Deiing, Esq.; J. 13. Kirby,
Eqq.; Joseph Toynbee, Esq.; P. H. Edlin, Esq.; Carrol
Watson, Esq.; Edmund &ales, Esq.; Thomas Young,
Esq.; Edward Johnstone, Esq.; George Tyler, Esq.;
William L. Birkbeck, Esq.; T. W. Willcock, Esq.; T.
L. Murray, Esq.; W. S. Potter, Esq.; Edward Romilly,
Esq., &c., &c.
Mr. W. L. BIRKBECK, the Honorary Secretary, read
the Report of the Association, of which the following is
an abstract:—

" The report expressed the regret of the council that
so few subjects of congratulation presented themselves.
It stated in 'detail the reductions which had been made,
in consequence of a resolution of the House of Commons,
in the allowances to some of the refugees; and that
under the promise of assistance, and the successful
efforts of Lord Dudley Stuart, the rigour which was in-
tended to have been exercised in some cases had been
mitigated. It referred to the fact, that, notwithstanding
the positive proofs of their good conduc t,a different mea-
sure of benevolence had been dealt out to the Poles from
that which had been acted upon with respect. to the
French and other political refugees; that the attacks and
calumnies upon the Poles were strongly sus-
pected of having proceeded from the agents
of foreign statesmen. Many of the ladids whB
formerly patronised the balls had made dona-
tions, with more assurances of interest. That the number
of refugees in this country had been much increased in
consequence of the expulsion of the Poles by many
continental powers ; that the conduct of the refugees had
been very exemplary, many of them being engaged in
honourable and useful paofessional employment ; and
the report called special attention to some specimens of
silk exhibited on the table, the result of valuable im-
provements introduced by Count de Brono Bronski,
after years of patient and laborious investigation on the
breeding and treatment of the silkworm; Count
Bronski had received testimonials to the great
value of his improvement, both from the Go-
vernment of France and from many scientific institu-
tions in that country, as well as from the Society of
Arts in England. Amongithe losses by death was that
of Mr. Denison, who had watched the promulgation of
the constitution on the 3d of May, 1791, and had
continued ever afterwards to take a deep interest in the
struggle of Poland to throw off the yoke of those who
were determined to dismember and enslave her, as the
only mode of checking her progress in liberty and civi-
lization. The report concluded with an.animsted account
of the assistance given by the Poles in East.rn Europe to
the cause of liberty and real order, not only by their
brilliant exploits in arms, but also in their judicious
diplomacy, which had in a great measure counteracted
the insidious attempts of the agents of the Czar, for
his own ulterior purposes, to create disturbances in the
provinces of the Danube. The statement of accounts
showed the income cf the association for the past year
to have been 5911. Is. I Id.; expended in relief of refu-
gees, 3391. 7s. 6d. The number of refugees was now
above 460; of whom 233 received assistance from the
Treasury, and only 14 from the association. In the last-
named number there were 8 children."

cause. It was, "That the Right Hon. Lord Dudley
Coutts Stuart, M.P., be re-elected President of the As-
sociation."—(Cheers.) It was quite idle for him to at-
tempt to express in language suitable to the occasion the
deep obligations which the Poles were under to that dis-
tinguished nobleman.—(Hear, hear.) It was equally a
source of gratification to them that they had the honour
of numbering him amongst their own countrymen, and
seeing him at all times expressing the national sympathy
for an unfortunate nation, which it was their delight as
Englishmen always to convey to a people suffering from
misfortune or oppression. Lord Dudley Stuart had in-
variably led the way, not only in expressing such
feelings, but also in the pursuit of means calculated to
give effect to the expression of English sympathy, and
in placing him at the head of this association, which
they were moat happy to do, they were not only ex-
pressing their own gratitude to him for his past services,
but at the same time they were expressing to him their
high sense of the abilities which had placed him in the post
of distinction which he had so well earned and so ad-
mirably filled.—(Cheers.) They must all feel, on pe-
rusing the report, sentiments of mingled gratification
and regret at the prospects of hope which the last two
or three years had opened up to the Poles,
only to be blighted in the end. They had, therefore,
much to regret, but at the same time the expressions
which were given by the Poles to their claims for.indepen-
denceduring the war, which unhappily bad met with so
disastrous a termination, had received sympathy and ob-
tained approbation in all parts of the world.—(Hear.)
He trusted then that they were now labouring under
a temporary depression only, and he yet hoped to wit-
ness their ultimate restoration, an expectation which both
wisdom, reason, and calculation, taught them to en-
courage.—(Hear, hear.) He could not help thinking
that the period was not far distant when better pros-
pects will open up to the ill-fated nation, and therefore,
in the meantime, while they deeply regretted the darken-
ing cloud that now hung over Polish interests, they
should take care not to be much depressed as to prevent
their so exerting themselves still to insure the sympathy
of the great and the good, and the ultimate triumph of
their glorious cause.—(Cheers.) He was sure their
exertions would ever be ably seconded by the assistance
of their valued friend Lord Dudley Stuart, and it was
therefore with the utmost gratification that he now
exercised the high privilege which had been entrusted to
him of moving the resolution which he, had already
mentioned.— (Cheers.)
Mr. WILLcox, M.P., rose with much pleasure to
second the motion.—(Hear, hear.) He was quite sure,
however, that any eulogium from him uporetheir Noble
and excellent Chairman would be as superfluous as it
would be in bad taste.—(Hear, hear.) It was not
merely that they knew him, it was not only that they
well knew the exertions be had made in the cause of
Poland, but they were also aware that he had been the
friend of civil and religious liberty during the whole of
his life.—(Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN said it might seem rather strange to
put this resolution himself, but it was nevertheless his
duty to do so.
The resolution was then put and carried unanimously.
The CHAtRMAN then proceeded to acknowledge the
compliment 55 follows :—Gentleman, since it has been
your pleasure to elect me to this office, which I am un-
feignedly proud to fill, much prouder indeed than I should
be to-fill some other effice which would confer more bril-
liant distinction, it will not appear at all strange that I
should endeavour to return you my best thanks for this
renewed proof of your confidence in me.—(Hear.) I may
be allowed, in the first place, to make my acknowledg-
ment to my honourable friends Mr. Pritchard and Mr.
Willcox, who have moved and seconded the resolution in
terms so extremely flattering. I assure them that I am
much flattered at this mark of their good opinion,
although I cannot but be aware that their partiality has
led them to speak too favourably of me.—(No, no.)
But, however that may be, certainly I will not re-
pudiate the merit of doing all that I can in behalf of this
association and the object which it professes to have in
view.—(Hear, hear.) It has been observed by some of
the gentlemen in their addresses—and justly observed-ee'
that the objects of this association have been much mis-
understood and very much misrepresented to the world
both in print and otherwise, but still it cannot be dis-
puted that your objects are such as really deserve the
support of all men of reflecting minds, who are anxious
that the faith of treaties should be respected throughout
the world—who are anxious ;that the rights of nations
should be maintained—who are anxious that rational
liberty should flourish, and who are anxious to assist a
number of refugees brought toj their sad and solitary
condition of exiles through having endeaved to main •
tain the right., of their oountry.—(Cheer For such
an object as I have just described this association was
established—to afford to men in that unhappy condition
some solace under their misfortune, and of assisting
them to secure a subsistence.—(Hear, hear.) Those
who are anxious that this country should be
saved from , what I cannot but consider a
disgrace, namely, that men coming here under
such circumstances, driven here by such causes as have
already been described, to seek in this country that
shelter and support which England has been renowned
as
prolonging
lru thgi
for affording to the fugitive in all ages, should be met by
a cold reception, and allowed to pine away in destitution
in the midst of so much riches, brilliance, and splendour,
will readily give their hearty support to this associa-
tion.—(Cheere.) Now these are the objects cf this as-
sociation, and we pursue these objects not blindly, not
without consideration, not - without examination.—
(H« ar, hear.) We are certainly disposed to view with
indulgence the conduct of the refugees.—(Hear, hear.)
We do not think it is part of our duty to be extremely
severe in marking out what course of conduct ought to
be followed, or to mark with displeasure every little act
that is done amiss, but at the same time we take
care that the line we adopt should not in any degree
encourage either idleness, Cr, ptill lees, immorality.—
(Hear, hear.) I do not think that anything we have
done has had that eff•ct. The refugees know that it
has been the practice of this association, in distributing
the funds committed to its charge, to take great pains,
upon all occasions, to inculcate upon them the necessity
and desireableness of orderly behaviour ; and whenever
it is possible of securing for themselves the means of
subsistence by the exercise of their own exertions,—
glad to think that this end
great many instances.
(Cheers.)
sh e ers.)
been
accomplished,a am
exceedingly
in a
I have several observations to address to you upon this
subject, which I have by no means exhausted, but I will
endeavour, before we separate, to' find an opportunity
of continuing this part of my discourse, whiO, with
your permission, I shall interrupt at the present mo-
ment. The reason Ido so is one which I feel proud of.
I have just had the satisfaetioa of seeing enter this room
two Noble Lords, Peers of Parliament, who, I know,
have hurried up from the House of Lords, in order to
be present on this occasion.—(Cheers.) I am aware that
their time is precious, that they are obliged to return
shortly to their duties in the House of Peers, and I,
therefore, feel satisfied I shall best consult the wishes of
t my address now, but at once to make way,
em an opportunity of addressing ou.
The the meeting, and the interest of the association by not
eiv Eearl of lIARROWEY then rose to move the next re-
solution, observing that the notice he had received of
it was so extremely short that he hardly knew how to
address them.—(
He
The CHAIRMAN—It is to accommodate you.
The Earl of HARROWBT was exceedingly obliged for
that mark of attention. At the same time the resolu-
tion which had been put into his hands was one upon
ar, hear.)
which he could speak in the must unhesitating strain.
It was this:—
" That the Sultan, by refusing to abandon to the
vengeance of the Czar the Polish refugees who had
served in Hungary, has earned the thanks of all friends
to Poland, and deserves the respect and gratitude of all
t(hceh loverseern. of )
Nj the civilized world."
thought it required very little to
be said to call for the unhesitating approbation of the
meeting. He was sure their own feelings had been kindled
twmah7 left for an
with a sense of pride and satisfaction, that of all
ouwsticheeand liberty in
princes it should have been left to the Sultan to respect
nisntgatesnrwofheastsintgheyMahomedanism,
the rights of nations, and preserve good faith with the
sh
ti home.—
(Cheers.) almoste
when(reCrhegeeeres.)
It
wastyrannypatnbfuad over driven him from
call Eastern
n prince,un o
ivihrzeeidg
affording a home to the refugee, but the pain was
counterbalanced by the knowledge that the natural in-
stinct of man to do good prevailed in the Easts—
(Cheers.) It was painful to find Christian princes re-
fuse that succour and concession which was found in
the capital of the Sultan, but in some degree it was
gratifying to filed that at least two great civilized na-
tions in the West of Europe had no small share
in strengthening, in supporting,.hhd fortifying of that
potentate in the East, se that if he had in any way
doubted his power to carry out the instincts of his own
honest feeling, he would have found security in the as-
surance of our own and the French ambassador, that
his feelings were fully sympathised with by those two
nations of the West, and, in case of need, their support
would be given him in an effective manner.—(Cheers.)
Perhaps he ought not to omit that opportunity of pay-
ing a tribute of admiration and attachment to one gen-
tleman who had taken a leading part in this transaction.
It was a satisfaction to him to know that a private
friend of his own had assisted in the good work,
no other indeed than Sir Stratford Canning,
who
was tho gentleman to whom ho referred.—(Cheers.)
It was indeed a satisfaction to him, as a private friend,
to be able to mention Sir Stratford Canning as one who
on all occasions had vindicates the honour of England
and the interests of humanity, as connected with ques-
tions in the Esst.—(Cheers.) He did not believe there
was a man in Europe who could be so effectively relied
on, not only for his honesty of intention, but for his sa-
gacious perception of the true interests of this country.
—(Hear, hear.) He regretted that the glimmer of hope
for Polish independence raised in so many breasts a
short time ago, should have been extinguished; still it
was satisfactory to speak of the protection which had
been afforded to the Polish exiles. Though British
sympathy might have been a little deadened by ex-
haustion, he was confident that, in the hour of need, it
would be, found that it was not totally extinct.—(Cheers.)
Lord BEAUMONT seconded the motion, remarking
that he could not help thinking that it was a matter of
congratulation both to his Noble Friend who had just sat
down and himself, that they should have arrived at the
very moment when this resolution was about to bemoved,
because he looked upon the event to which it alluded
AS the 910 pyjitgry blig4 PIM § Yer7 414 k. P9aucl-
-

the one single star in a bleak black night=the one
gleam of hope in a time of despair.— (Cheers.) For,
whatever might have been their feelings this time
twelve months, he was sorry to say the present, as far as
he could judge, was anything but propitious. The
aspect of affairs now certainly partook not of the
brightest hues. After the struggles which had taken
place in Hungary, after the hopes which had
been raised by the progress of events in
Germany, they were now, at the end of two
years of continual suspense, reduced to the confession
that as far as Poland aas concerned the restoration of
her nationality was further off than ever.—(Hear, hear.)
But though that might be the light in which they were
bound to view the existing circumstances, they should
do nothing that was calculated to discourage the con-
tinuance of the efforts required for the attainment of the
final object they all had in view, notwithstanding that
it seemed to recede the nearer they seemed to approach
it.—(Hear, hear.) He urged them not to neglect the
opportunities which the present state of things in Ger-
many offered them for making known their objects. Let
them by all means avoid raising there the mere
question of nationalty; rather let them direct their ener-
gies towards obtaining free institutions for Germany—
for once let free institutions be established in the
north of Germany, and they would be in a
position to claim their rights and make known their
feelings nearer to the scene of their former
misfortunes.—(Hear, hear, and cheers,) Their voice
heard there would prove far more effectual than if raised
here, however well supported it might be, or however
well backed up might be their opinions in France or
elsewhere—(Hear, hear)—therefore, as far as his advice
went, he urged them to do nothing which was likely
to throw obstacles in the way of the patriots of the
North of Germany, whose inhabitants were struggling
to establish their own rights in the creation of free in-
stitutions—rather let them do what little they could to
co-operate with them in seeking to obtain, not only the
advantages of such free institutions for Germany, but
also of making the cause of the Polish people op-
portunelyj heard and felt a little: nearer to the
scene of their former misfortunes.—(Loud cheers.)_
When he remembered that Poland was occupied by a
hostile army, and had little hope from the West of
Europe, little hope from France, which seemed to aim
at restoring the most absurd absolutism in the world,
instead of supporting the liberal movement which had
of late originated in that country—in that state of affairs
the prospects of the friends of Poland were gloomy in-
deed, and therefore, as he had previously asserted, it
was a matter of congratulation to himself and his Noble
Friend who had just preceded him, that they had
placed in their hands a resolution which referred to
one of the greatest and most glorious events of modern
times. Turkey was now making more rapid progress
in civilization than many parts of Western Europe,
and from his individual experience he knew that liberty
was much more respected there than it was in other
countries. Above all, it was a nation which regarded
the great moral rights of humanity, and which had
courage sufficient to set at defiance the threats of a
powerful neighbour, and whose determination was not
to be subverted, even though she might be deserted and
abandoned by other powers. Stich was the proud posi-
tion which Turkey took, and only those who had made
themselves familiar with the transaction to which he re-
ferred were aware of the extreme difficulties which sur-
rounded the Porte. Every possible step was taken by
Russia to embarrass the Porte. Inducements were made,
threats were uttered, and promises were held out, but they
all signally failed—the Mahommedan stood firm to his
word and his religion.—(Cheers.) He did not abandon
that fine passage in the Koran which told him that hos-
pitality was one of his great duties; he did not abandon
that instruction of his Prophet, that a word once given
cannot be broken unless at the peril of the breaker.—
(Cheers.) He stood firm in that position, setting an
example to Western Europe, and an example, which, he
ventured to think, would not be idle. Turkey had risen
by the step which she had taken, and had pointed out to
other nations that whatever dangers might surround
them, however dark and threatening the surrounding
clouds might be, it was much better to brave the storm
than to turn aside from the path of rectitude and honour,
for as sure as they did aol that abandonment of the
proper course would result in loss of credit, and eventu-
ally loss of advantages to themselves. Such appeared to
him to be the nature of the example which she has set to
the world; and had she acted otherwise, and attempted
to violate the hospitality which the Poles and Hunga-
rians sought at her bands, she would have lost that re-
putation which by her conduct she has now unquestion-
ably sustained. It was therefore with peculiar pleasure
that he re'erred to that bright spot in the conduct of
Turkey; and he hoped, if any similar event occurred in
the world, that other nations would remember the lesson
now taught to them, and would not refuse their protec-
tion to those unfortunate refugees who had been
struggling in a most hallowed cause, and were only
driven to abandon .it by the mere overwhelming
power of brute force.—(Hear, hear.) Such was the
position of the Polish refugees, who were driven
from the frontiers of Poland. They had a claim on the
hospitality of every country iu Europe. a claim perhaps
superior to the refugees from any other country, because
all the world knew that the partition of Poland was a
violation of the laws of nations, was a violation of Euro-
pean treaties, was a gross moral wrong done in the face
of Europe, and which would have been undone or re-
venged if the powers of Europe bad had a proper sense
of the struggle and of their duty; but they might be
well assured that those nations had lost by being parties
to the transaction, and that their policy had been since
much shackled, and their position much injured, by the
additional strength acquired by that power which was
the natural enemy of civilization, progress, intelligence.
and constitutional liberty. With this contrast between
that power and Turkey, he would, without making any
further comment, simply second the resolution.—(Hear.)
The resolution was carried nein. con. _

The Rev. Dr. WORTHINGTON, in moving the adoption
of the report, said he regretted to find that a very large
number of Polish exiles would unfortunately not receive
tbat amount of support which that association had been in
the habit of giving to them, yet it was gratifying,
at the same time, to know tbat several influential persons
had originated a common fund, by which it was con-
t.( mplated both Polish and Hungarian refugees in this
country would be placed in a position of comparative
comfort as regarded their immediate necessities. He
regretted to find that the Quarterly Review had gone out
of its way to attack the association, and the more so,
bemuse it attacked a body of a conservative character.
The Poles were necessarily pure conservatives, and
therefore ought to have had the support instead of the
opposition of that important journal. A very extensive
and powerful influence was exercised by the democratic
press of England over the powers of Europe, and when,
recently, the editor and proprietor of the Morning Past
was appointed to the office of British Consul in Russia,
the Emperor was peculiar gratified; for it so happened
that the Morning Post was the only English newspaper
which was admitted across the Russian frontier. To be
sure, the Post might pass the Russian frontier and do
very little harm to any person, except, indeed, they
considered that no English journal could find
its way into so barbarous a country without
carrying with it something of the genius and spirit of
our noble Anglo-Saxon institutions.—(Hear, hear.) He
regretted to perceive that there had been no• ball, but the
loss which the society might have sustained on that
account had been counterbalanced by the substantial
contributions of the ladies, and he felt satisfied that those
ladies were infinitely more gratified in contributing to
the great cause of charity in a pure form, than in a way
which seemed to be characterised by a mere selfish
spirit. It was to be regretted that an imputation had
been thrown upon them that they were parties who en-
couraged revolutionary movements. Many, however, of
the accusations against the Poles were to be attributed
to the peculiarity of their position. Much odium had
been thrown on General Bem because he had changed
his religion, and a gentleman had said to him the other
day, " Why, perceive what people these Poles are—
they • have no religion, they entertain revolu-
tionary ideas, and they have no regard for the
principles of orderly Government," but he (Dr.
Worthington) told him to remember the position and
circumstances of the Poles. They had been driven
from their own country, and it was but natural to sup-
pose, when they found a constitutional nation like Hun-
gary struggling for its just rights, that they would assns
to that struggle; and In ace it was that those who most
distinguished theasselves in the Hungarian war were
Poles. They were a people, among whom was seen all
that remarkable energy, woriderhal talent, and extraordi-
nary ability which characterised a generalissimo in ar-
mies down to the ingenuity and industry exhibited by
tke contriver of that beautiful silk material which had
teen presented to the association by Count de Bronski, a
Polish exile.—(Hear, hear.) The resources of the
nation they would find extended to the fields
of science, as well as to the realms of war, and the
people were equally disposed to turn round at last,
when nothing else was left them, and cultivate even the
mechanical part of the arts of peace. No people de-
served greater commiseration than the Poles, for they
were placed in a very-trying and cruel position. They
were homeless and countryless; deprived of the delights
of home as well as of intercourse with friends and with
society. Why, it the Poles had turned out to be the
monsters of the earth, he should not have been surprised,
but at the present moment they were not the monsters
but the marvels of the earth. As to the question of the
extradition of Polish refugees from Turkey, and the
threats exercised by Russia over the Porte, he (Dr.
Worthington) thought these circumstances pointed out
what a great power Russia was when it attained so much
influence over civilized nations. The Czar seemed to
act as dictator wherever he could, and this country,
which he knew was wholly opposed to everything of a
despotic character, formed almost the only check to
the extraordinary power which he appeared to possess.
What had been the issue of the Hungarian contest? The
power of Russia was thrown at once into the scale, to
prevent anything like a general or national expression of
public feeling, and it was now likely that the people of
Hungary would be reduced to the same contemptible
state as that in which the population of Russia now
existed, if the inroads of the great northern power
were permitted. Poland, he regretted to say, had never
been in a worse position than at present; but he did not
altogether despond, and hoped rather that it might have
pleased the Almighty Power to make Poland drink
to the last dregs the bitter cup of sorrow, degradation,
and misery, yet that Ho would eventually be pleased to re-
store her to her place among the nations of the earth, and
give her again the power of the sceptre and the diadem.
Mr. MOWATT, M.P., had great pleasure in rising to
second the resolution that the report be received and
adopted. The only pretence he had for assuming that
office was simply the hearty success he wished the cause
in which they were commonly enlisted, if he might use
the phrase ; not that he felt at all in a condition to say
anything upon the subject that could either be interest-
ing or instructive to those present, and he candidly ad-
mitted that he came there more as a matter of duty to
represent the feeling of this country with regard to
Poland than with any view of taking part in the pro-
eeedings.—(Hear.) He regretted, extremely, to hear
from the reverend gentleman that the condition
of the Poles at this moment was so unpromising and un-
fortunate; but thank God he was one of those who be-
lieved that nothing in this world was the result of
chance; and he could not conceal from himself, when he
looked at the past history of nations, that it was impossible
that so noble a people as were the Poles could be banished
from the face of the earth.—(Cheers.) He could not
reconcile his mind to such a supposition or prognostica-
tion as that, since it was his firm conviction that the day
was not far distant when the Poles, in some form or
other, under some government or other, will again
take up their position amongst the nations of the
earth.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) He did not feel
that he could say any further to warrant the deten-
tion of the meeting, but in seconding this resolution, he
thought it right to state that at all times he should have
great pleasure in extending his means and abilities to as-
sisting the cause of Poland.—(Cheers.)
The resolution was then put and carried unanimously.
Mr. PRITCHARD, High Bailiff of Southwark, had great
pleasure, as an individual member of this association, in
moving the next resolution, because it was one which
immediately connected itself with the constitution of this
society, while it expressed the sentiments of the
society towards a gentleman, whose time, means,
imci 'With 41 eiTt keen denied to the 1391i§h

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DR. LA'MERT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
AND MATURITY.—WITH 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON
STEEL.
last published, and may be had in French or English, in a Sealed
Envelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free, from the Author, for forty-two
Stamps,
C.;ELF-PRESERVATION; a
k 7 Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity,
usually acquired at an early period of life, which enervate
'he physical and mental powers, diminish aad enfeeble the natural
feelings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood; with Practical
Observations on the Treatment of Nervous Debility and Indigestion.
whether arising from these causes, close study, er the influence of
tropical climates: Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from Indis-
cretion. With Forty coloured Engravings, illustrating the
Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their straetures, uses, and functions, and the various
injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
Infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
37. BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, Fac.
This work contains an accurate and complete account of the
Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive Organs. It un-
fortunately happens that the unhappy victim of excessive indul-
gence and vicious habits, while suffering from their invariable con-
sequencea, unwisely entertains a fear of applying to a qualified physi-
cian for relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but erro-
neously entertained that these complaints are beyond the reach of
art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking or assistance where
alone it can be procured. Dr.LA'MERT has taken the highest
medical honours, as his diplomas testify, and the great extent of his
practice for many years is a guarantee for his professional experi-
ence. which has reference almost solely to the treatment of these
diseases.
Published by the Author, and may be had of Kent and Richards,
12, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Stade, Tichborne-
street,
Haymarket; Ma.vn, 39, Comhill ; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London ; or, free by post for torty-two stamps, from
the Author's Residence, 37. Redtord-sonare London.

On Tuesday last, Mr. Kidd, of Poland-street,
Oxford-street, inventor of the " New Process for Illumi-
nating and Soldering Glass Mirrors, &c.," had the honour of
submitting to her Majesty and Prince Albert, at Bucking-
ham Palace, some beautiful specimens of his embroidered
glasses, ornamental tables, &c. (described by us at
much length in The Sun of March 25). We understand
both her Majesty and his Royal Highness were pleased to
speak of them as works of art, in terms of great admiration.
THE CLEARANCE SYSTEM IN IRELAND. —ln
the county Clare, Sir Lucius O'Brien has 5,000 acres of
land thrown on his hands which he cannot set, and is not
able either to stock or cultivate it; and Lord Gort has
13,000 acres of land without a hoof On it except SOW wild
deer.—Limerich Reporter.

Captain TOWNSHEND, M.P., proposed the next reso-
ution _ _

" That the following noblemen be re-elected vice-
presidents of the association :—The Duke of Sutherland,
the Marquis of Northampton, the Marquis of Breadal-
bane, the Earl of Scarborough, the Earl of Ilarrowby,
the Earl Fitzwilliam, the Lord Panmure, the Lord Ash-
ley, M.P."
Gloomy as the present prospects of Poland appeared,
yet he could not despair of a brighter day when he
found that so many noblemen had consented to become
vice-presidents for the ensuing year. They comprised
iu their body not only rank, but what was far greater
and more valuable, intellect, integrity, and every other
moral quality.
Mr. R. MONCETON MILNES, M.P., cordinlly seconded the
resolution, because it established one of the most impor-
tant facts which could,be recognised in these days, viz., that
those gradations of society which were so seduously
drawn in this country, and which made it in a certain
sense the most aristocratic country in Europe, did not at
the same time necessarily prevent them from sympathis-
ing with the interests of a great people, who wished to
maintain such a form of society as the English constitu-
tion recognised, with a full sense of the importance of
those two great blessings—nationality and liberty.—
(Hear.) They would agree with him, that it was an
honourable distinction as regarded England, that the
cause of the Polish refugees should find considerable
sympathy among the higher classes in this country, who
were not naturally inclined to give their countenance to
movements such as that in which the Poles were engaged.
But the truth was, they knew no line of distinction could
be drawn between the cause of order and the cause of liberty-,
f)r without liberty there was no order. At a time when
many'persons throughout Europe were attempting to
draw a great distinction between the cause of order and
the cause of liberty—a distinction which he would never
consent to recognise—(Hear, hear)—it was most grati-
fying to find ten English noblemen, of such respectabi-
lity of station, political eminence, and intellectual capa-
city, who were willing that their names should go forth
to Europe as the vice-presidents of this association—a
proof that the sympathy of England in the cause of
Poland did not proceed from any temporary fancy or
excitement, but from a strong and permanent sense of
the injustice of the ancient partition of Poland, and
the conviction that Europe had been the sufferer fur it
ever since.—(Cheers.) The actual condition of the
Polish exiles was a strong and solemn protest in the
face of God and man against the crime of attempting
to deprive a people of their nationality, and a pledge
to Italy and other countries labouring under oppres-
sion, that they would eventually be enabled to throw
off the yoke under which they groaned.--(Hear,
hear.) A philosophic statesman could not review
the events of the last three years in Europe without
coming to the conclusion that, on the whole, a greatdeat
had been gained, and that the spirit of constitutional
liberty had received a far wider extension than could
have been anticipated three years ago.—(Cheers.) No
long period would elapse before some advantageous
change would take place for Poland ; it was impossible
for oppression to last continually, even with safety t.o
the power that oppressed.—(Hear, hear.) The expe
ence of late years in Europe had proved two things—that
every at
every nation, except Russia, was determined to work out
a combination of the two principles of liberty and na-
tionality, and that the Christian and moral sense of
Europe had great cause to congratulate itself on the
moderation with which the people had used their power,
when cities and whole provinces bad been left unpro-
t-cted in their hands.—(Cheers.) Every one of these
pceesets,esenmdedoinaffsoormderdeeslornee
ftgc!oligbheltietvhienggltohoamt,
circumstances i
fnr
(let
hen
ermrPstrraeonsvidence, there was still hope for the Pole.
Mr. FERGUSON said be regretted, with the rest of the
speakers, that at a time when more assistance was re-
quired their' means were more limited, and alluded es-
pecially to the withdrawal by Parliament of that small
assistance which had hitherto been given to those brave
men, who, if they had retarded their own convenience
and interest in preference to the rights of a nation,
might now be in the possession of those comforts and
enjoyments which a few years back they were enabled
Ito command. Mr. Ferguson concluded by moving the
election of the Council for the ensuing year.
Mr. EDLIN supported the resolution, He said after
being two years absent from England, and in a tropical
climate, he was greatly delighted to find himself again
in that room, and in the presence of so many
warm-hearted friends of Poland. It might be
thought that in the quarter from whence he had
come, where the one absorbing pursuit was the
acquiring. of filthy lucre, and where Englishmen
come to realise fortune, and mod to forges ell the

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principles which had guided them at home—they might
think the struggles of any ration for freedom were either
unheeded or forgotten in such a state of society, but the
fact was otherwise, and he could assure them that the
Polish and Hungarian cause excited the deepest and
most lively interest, and the utmost anxiety was shown
to know by successive mails what progress the Hunga-
rians had made towards the restoration of their rights.
He had no doubt, if these people in that particular
quarter of the world were epplied ti, that they would
subscribe liberally on beha'f of the refuge es which this
association had to support. Having lately visited Malta.
he born testimony to the praiseworthy conduct of Earl
Fortescue towards ten Hungarian exiles who reached
the island after their extradition from Turkey, and who,
at his intercession, were not only allowed to land—the
Governor having in the first instance given directions to
prevent their coming on shore—but procured them the
means of proceeding on their journey.
The resolution was put and carried.
Lord I). STUART then rose to continue his observa-
tions, and said—l was observing, when the Noble Lords,
Lord Beaumont and the E .r 1 of Harrowby, entered the
room, that the excellent conduct of the Polish refugees
in this country deserved great, commendation. I must
say that nothing could be more exemplary than their
conduct; and their enemies are, therefore, driven to re-
vile them for the course they pursued on the Continent,
and that in no scrupulous manner. I might refer to
msny misrepresentations which have been circulated by
the friends of Russia and Austria in public papers, and
I have no doubt that these misrepresentations have had
an effect, and a most injurious effect, on the public mind,
but on the present occasion it will be unnecessary. In
these days, when so much disturbance exists in Europe,
I may say in all countries except our own, more happily
blessed by better institutions, which respect the rights of
the Monarch on the throne as well as of everyone under
her benificent sceptre, we have not had such disorders
and disturbances as have occurred on the continent, and
as have arisen, I think, by the misconduct of princes
and rulers. But as we have no occasion to battle for
our rights in the way which was adopted on the Conti-
nent—that is to say, with arms—and though such rights
and ameliorations as the people think desirable here are
generally attained by more legitimate, but not less effi-
cient means, still the echo of what has taken place
throughout the different countries of Europe is such as
has alarmed very considerably many friends of :order in
this country; and as in many of these commotions—in
the most legitimate and most justifiable—the Poles have
taken a very successful and brilliant part, people began
to think they were possessed of great power,
and they accordingly dreaded the exercise of
that power. Hence it is, that when the Poles have
taken a part in the commotions of other countries,
people have been anxious to represent them as anar-
chists, as men desirous only of overthrowing governments
and thrones, and who have no other motives for so
doing but aggrandisement, rapine, and plunder. Now,
I say, their cannot be a greater misrepresentation.
If they have taken a part in the various disturbances,
commotions, and wars on the Continent, they have done
so always on a principle which no Englishman can
deny or impugn, viz., of doing all in their power to re-
cover the rights, the liberties, and independence of their
own countrymen.—(Hear.) Of course, I do not speak
of individual cases. In all countries there are
bad, interested, and misled men; but I say,
as a body, the Poles have en no occasion
taken up arms except with the intention of
aiding liberty, because if liberty be established and
flourish, will a beneficial influence not be exercised over
the destinies of their own country? It is absurd to
suppose they want anarchy or confusion, but I ask if
liberty be'firmly established throughout Europe will Po-
land not be benefitted? If we established a free constitu-
tion in the remotest part of the world it would have an
effect upon Poland, and, therefore, it was but natural that
the sons of Poland should be found under the banner of
freedom wherever it is unfurled. I speak here of the
principle, but it is another question whether in all cases it
is wise and prudent to engage in struggles for freedom.
I would not advise the Poles to take up any cause in
which there is little reasonable chance of success; but
would, on the contrary, urge them to weigh the probabili-
ties of success well before they sacrifice their lives, their
liberties, or their blood, because if they are not suc-
cessful, they do more harm than good; yet in most of the
inatances in which the Poles have engaged in welfare,
a direct influence has been exercised on the destinies of
their own country. First of all there was the Hun-
garian war. The Poles were encouraged by the strug-
gle of the noble sons of that great nation, which may
be considered the sister of Poland, and to which this
country, I think, ought to have shown itself a sister.
—(Hear.) I believe if more support had been given
to the brave Hungarians by this country—as real na-
tional and efficient support as was nobly given by the
Poles—l believe Hungary would at this day ,tiffsrd
a bright end noble example of a great, free,
and constitutional country. established in the
hi art of Europe; and what doubt cats I have, if that was
the case, that the reestablishment of the Polish consti-
tution would follow in a very short time?—(hear,hear.)
Every year we have assembled here I have directed
your attention to the conduct of the Emperor of Russia;
every }ear there has been some new crime to stain his
career.—(hear, hear.) Some persons have sad to me,
" Well, what new reproach will you have to make against
the Czar at the next annual meetiog? You will have to
go over the same ground again." I replied, however,
Don't be afraid, you may be sure that some great
monstrous violation of the rights of liberty will
be perpetrated by the Autocrat;" and since we
met here last year what have we seen?
Why, the greatest, the f ailest, the most out-
rageous violation of the rights of nations that
has ever been attempted. Last year I called the atten-
tion of the public to what was going on in the principali-
ties of the Danube, pointing out that by the Emperor of
Russia marching his troops into those countries he was
committing a violation of the laws of nations—an un-
justifiable interference with the rights and independence
of Turkey. I pointed it out to the Government and to
the House of Commons. I denounced the proceedings

'to the public; and if the Government and the country
had been as much alive to the subject as they ought to
have been, I think a protest made to the Emperor of
Russia against his conduct would have effectually pre-
vented his carrying out his designs in those prin-
cipalities, and establishing himself in a place from which
he might better direct his attacks on Hungary.
We ought never to have suffered him to take possession
of Moldavia and Wallachia. lie did so chiefly in order
that he might have an opportunity of attacking Hun-
gary; and having thus acquired a favourable position, he
eventually made use of it, at first indeed with little sue•
cese, because the gallant General Bens, at the head of
the Hungarian army, was able to drive out the Rus-
sians wherever they entered, and attained some brilliant
victories over them, which will not be forgotten as long
as history continues to be read.—(Hear.) If you exa-
mine the conduct of the Emperor you will always find
that when he commences any great enterprise, he always
puts one foot 'a little before the other, just to see
whether it would be safe to proceed further in his
course. First of all the aggression is committed by
some general in his service, without authority; then it
is said orders are given to recall the troops; then we
find the Government of England makes no objection;
the troops remain w here they are instead of being with-
drawn; they advance gradually forward in their march,
until at last the whole country is full of them, and le-
veiled by a body of marauders, to the destruction and
misery of the inhabitants, Who are forced to main-
tain them at their own expense. I say, a more
flagrant invasion of the rights of nations cannot be
conceived. (Hear, hear.) But the matter did
not end there. He marched his troops into Hungary,
with which he had no sort of business or right what-
ever. I want to know by what right, by what reason,
he interfered with that country. It was not by the law
of metier?. The Hungarians were fighting with Aus-
tria for their rights and their independence.. It was not
a civil war; it was a war of one nation against another.,
and by no pretence was the Emperor Russia justi-
fied in interfering. Writers on international law laid it
down that if there is any justification for the; inter-
ference of one country with the affairs of another, it is
when the Sovereign of that country calls for and seeks
for the assistance of an ally; but, in order to
be the Sovereign of Hungary it is necessary
for the individual claiming the throne to
take an oath to support the constitution, and
that was never done by the present Emperor. There-
fore, legally he was not the King of Hungary, and de facto
at the time the Austrians entered the country he was
not so,
because the gallant Hungarians, with the assist-
ance of their Polish allies, had driven every Austrian
out of the country, so that there was scarcely an inch of
land on which an Austrian still remamed; and the Em-
peror of Russia, whose conduct called for the reproach
and indignation of all, not satisfied with his violation of
the rights of nations, and which, I may add, by treachery
succeeded—because I believe if there had been no
treachery in the Hungarian camp, he would not, with all
his hordes of barbarians, have succeeded in putting
down that gallant people, but at last, taking advantage
of the dissensions which existed, he got possession of
the country, and drove the gallant Hungarians and
their brave allies out of the country, as exiles; not sa-
tisfied with that, I say, he makes a demand upon the
Porte for the refugees who had taken shelter in the
Turkish dominions; and Austria, who, I need not tell
you, is the servant and handmaid of Russia, and acts, of
course, in every respect as Russia requires, demanded
that the brave Hungarians should be given up to her;
and a similar demand was made by Russia with
regard to the Poles. I rejoice, therefore,
at the observation made by Lord 13,aumont regard
the conduct of the Sultan in this matter. I think teat
conduct deserves all praise, and I am glad to find it ie sro.
much appreciated in this country, because, thouedoenee,
teenly the Sultan did not do all we wished
in which case there would have been n e must
fugees at present in captivity in Turkeytsoe
9 UhUtoDigbaawrian re-
the circum:
have regard, in judging of his condu must not overlook
stances in which he was placed.
the fact that he was in a position ofW gerecactretenaibnarrtarsematei
nest,
and that he was shackled by .
think myself that
which no doubt existed. tion of those
a more just and liberal interpretation
treaties would have set his
to allow such refugees hands free altogether, to act
as he thought proper
ose
and
ornnion and such iil-ees
pleased to remain in his h
were suscep-
leave to go forth freely.Buit thes, trelanes•
tati9n. A Wee
Ole of diffqe=4 olterple liberal iater-