The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-25 00:00:00

pretty fair business doing, chiefly to order. The ex-
port houses are not giving out fresh orders for yarn
so freely as they were; but the spinners have full em-
ployment, and there is no change in the quotations.
The wool market is not very active, and the sales that
are made cre at full late rates.

LEEDS, TUESDAY. —We—Continue to have good
average markets at the cloth halls, and the woollen
trade generally is in a satidactory state. The clothiers
are well employed by direct orders from the mer-
chants, and business is good in the warehouses, both
for the home and shipping trade.

AFFAIRS OF CALIFORNIA.
(From the Pacific News of August 1.)
Since the sailing of the last steamer the condition
of the overland emigration has taken the strongest
hold of public attention. The immense crowd who
are coming to California by the route of the plains is
beyond the capacity of that region to sustain their
teams ; and towards the latter end of the journey,
when within about 300 miles of the Pacific side,
about the sink of Mary's river, the teams have given
out-, and there will be an utter inability on the part
of thousands to pass the Sierra Nevada, unless assisted
from this side. This is already prepared to be done
by private enterprise, and there is no probability of
fatality from destitution before the end of the journey
is reached.
Another great object of public interest has been
the great number of murders and assassinations
which have lately taken place in the San Joaquin
mines, most of which have been traced to the fo-
reigners of Spanish descent, and but one opinion is
expressed—namely, that they shall and must quit the
country, or abide, perhaps, extreme consequences.
Meetings have been held to that effect, and some of
the first citizens of the country are appointed to see
the undertaking carried into effect.
The foreign miners' tax has worked well, either
compelling aliens to pay for their intrusion upon our
treasures or compelling them to leave the placers for
our daily-arriving fellow-citizens.
The mines are yielding largely at present, but
there is more associated labour in the, forming of dams,
&c., than formerly, as isolated enterprise has not been
so successful as heretofore. The gold region has
scarcely been scratched yet, but the surface of the
richest places has been superficially dug;over, although
not a tithe of the mineral deposit has been extracted.
A settlement has been formed on the eastern side of
the Sierra Nevada, in the upper end of Carson Valley,
by the Mormons, and, from its agricultural capacities,
is likely to flourish, although the gold on that side
has not been found in great abundance. A perma-
nent settlement there will be of great importance to
future emigration, overland, as they will be within
a short distance of that desert where all real danger is
apprehended by the belated or exhausted emigrant.
There has been no further news of collision between
the American settlers and the Indians on the Trinity
river. The mines there have not turned out well so far.
(From the San Francisco Herald of August 1.)
The numerous murders in the southern mines have
exasperated the citizens of Tuolumne county to such
a degree that, assembled in mass meeting, they have
issued peremptory orders for all foreigners to leave the
country fortwitb. Fifteen days is the limit allowed
by this mandate for their preparation to depart. A
committee of citizens has been appointed to determine
what foreigners shall be permitted to remain, and all
the Americans in the county have been called upon
to lend their aid to carry the order into effect. Bands
of foreigners are already leaving, and it is highly pro-
bable the expulsion will take place without any dis-
turbance. The four Mexicans that were found in
the act of burning the bodies of two Americans near
Sonora have been acquitted of the charge of murder.
The waters have fallen in the upper and lower
mines, and already the miners are availing themselves
of the advantages of the season for the prosecution of
their operations. In most instances the average yield
is greater than in any former season, and there is
every prospect that more gold will be collected this
summer than ever before. Several crushing machines
are being put in operation in the Mariposa and other
mines where the gold bearing quartz is found in suf-
ficient quantity to repay the outlay. Exploring par-
ties have found gold farther up the slope of the Sierra
Nevada than it has hitherto been sought for. Parties
are every day extending their explorations, and while
the dry season lasts the miners seem determined to
employ their time diligently.
The law for the collection of taxes from foreign
miners, although carried partially into execution in
some of the counties, has generally been inoperative.
The amount of revenue derived from it is very small,
and it has had a very injurious effect in the southern
mines.

A development has recently been made in the Pro-
bate Court of this county which has taken our citizens
by surprise. The judge has been charged by Captain
Folsom, one of our most respectable citizens, who is
agent for the large Leidesdorff estate, with having
sought a bribe for deciding in his favour a suit com-
menced by the public administrator, to gain posses-
sion of the estate in virtue of his office. The charge
implicates the counsel of the public administrator,
Messrs. Dwinelle and Holland, whose fees i❑ the
transaction were fixed at 5,000 dollars each. The
case will be brought before the District Court for in-
vestigation.
The most gratifying activity prevails in this city at
present. New buildings, mostly of brick, are going
up in every quarter, and the most extensive arrrange-
ments are being made for the fall trade. It is ex-
pected that a very large amount of business will be
transacted during the coming season, and the prepa-
rations for it are on a scale proportionate to its antici-
pated extent.

THE NICARAGUA ROUTE TO

CALIFORNIA.

SOUTHAMPTON, SEPT. 23.—We understand that
the Nicaraguan route to California was to be opened
for traffic on and after the 15th of September. Grey-
town (the ci decant San Juan de Nicaragua), the
Atlantic port of the new route, can be reached direct
in 26 days by the West Indian mail steamers from
Southampton twice a mouth, and also by the Liver-
pool and New York steamers. We extract from the
New York Herald the following description of the
route referred to :

" The States of Central America are too little
known, even to our own countrymen, who are daily
becoming more immediately connected in unity of in-
terests, politically and commercially, with them, and
with thrir prosperity. It appears almost self-evident
that our population will soon prefer the route to Cali-
fornia by Nicaragua to that by Panama. Companies
of men travelling to California will find the latter
route much less advantageous than the former. The
whole state of comparison between the two may be
comprised in a few words. In passing from one
ocean to the other, by the way of Panama, an econo-
mical person will have to pay, in the way of detention
and other ificideetal expenses, about 75 dollars. By
the Nicaraguan route, 15 dollars will suffice to trans-
port him across the country. Tolerable accommoda-
tions may be obtained for about nine dollars, and one
may go across in a cart for seven dollars. When the
steamers of the Nicaraguan Company are running, the
passage will be made, through Nicaragua, in 23 hours,
or in ten hours less than by Panama. ven were the
advantages of speed greater over Panama, the sa-
lubrity of the climate by the Nicaraguan route must
be deemed an advantage that Panama cannot possess.
The Nicaragua route is, also, by many a mile, nearer
to all the ports of the United States and Calafornia,
and this is an important advantage in shortening the
passage. So much ;interest will be taken in this new
route that we will look at it more closely. The first
point on the Atlantic is the port of San Juan del
Norte. This is a neat town, having large houses, ca-
capable of containing from 30 to 50 persons, and we
are informed that large companies can obtain these
shelters for about a dime a day each :person. From
San Juan to Grenada the river is ascended for about
90 miles to the lake, through which, to Granada, 90
miles more have to be passed. On the lake, at nume-
rous points, provisions are abundant and very cheap,
while fine hunting and game give charms to the tra-
veller. At Granada, a city of 12,000 inhabitants, all
the comforts of life are to be found. From this latter
place to Realejo, on the Pacific, which may be reached
by a good cart-road, there are a number of towns
and cities. The scenery in this region is full of tro-
pical grandeur and loveliness, such as Humboldt has
recently described with such vivid earnestness of
colouring in his Cosmos. Beautiful valleys, magni-
ficent.mountains, extensive lakes, clear skies, luxuri-
ant vegetation, delicious air, and a healthful climate
invite the traveller, and designate it as the country
which will soon furnish the popular path to Califor-
nia. The railroad across Panama will thrive in the
course of two or three years, and will carry over much
freight, but the passenger traffic will be chiefly car-
ried on by the new steamers of the Nicaraguan route.