The Sun.
London, England, 1868-04-10 00:00:00

A MODEL DIPLOMATIC DESPATCH.

The recent despatch from Lord Stanley to the
British representative in Mexico, ordering his with-
drawal from that country, contains instructions for
the future guidance of our consuls and subjects
there, which are in the highest degree judicious
and pacific, and which afford a pleasing contrast
to the spirit which has too frequently, in past
years, characterised English diplomacy iu dis-
tant regions and amongst nations whose rulers may
not have been deemed sufficiently powerful to be
entitled to the deference and courtesy usually ac-
corded to European Sovereigns. His lordship writes :
—" On your departure you will recommend British
subjects to conduct themselves peaceably towards
the Government and authorities, to take no part
in local politics, and to pronounce no opinion
on events passing around them, to abstain from
giving just cause of offence, and to claim no
other treatment than what is enjoyed by
natives. Her Majesty's consuls, after your de-
parture, will understand that their own conduct
and the advice that they may give their country-
men must be regulated by these principles." Lord
Stanley adds, that in case of any unpleasant colli-
sion with the Mexican Government, the British
consuls are " to refrain from any attempt to force
official communications with the authorities, but to
confine themselves, if they should apply to them, to
verbal representations in behalf of any British inte-
rests that may be placed in jeopardy. They should
appeal not so much to treaties as to the good-will of
the authorities, who it may be hoped will be disposed
to yield to friendly representation what they would
withhold from formal demands." How many in-
ternational disputes and even wars would have been
Prevented if a similar tone of diplomacy had been
generally adopted ! And how consistent is such a
despatch as the above with the very recent declara-
tion of Lord Stanley to the deputation of the Peace
Society :—" It is now known throughout Europe,
and, much as other nations may have been puzzled
by it, it is acknowledged as a fact, that the policy
of England is a policy of peace."

MR. GOLD WIN SMITH ON INDUSTRIAL
QUESTIONS.

On Tuesday night Mr. Goldwin Smith delivered
an address to the members of the Bradford Work-
ing Men's Club on " The present crisis in the his-
tory of industry." The meeting was held in the
Temperance Hall—Mr. S. Kell presided. Mr. Smith
said that he should speak quite as an outsider on the
questions raised by the present crisis in the history
of English industry. He had no practical connection
with the subject, and one advantage of this was
that he was not connected with the special interests
either of the masters or the men. He was not sorry
at having the opportunity of saying a word upon
these subjects if it were only for the purpose of set-
ting himself right upon them, as the position he
took in reference to the Sheffield outrages, of pro-
testing against the sweeping censure upon the whole
body of working men had been misunderstood, and
he had been accused of sympathy with murder,
while he was not conscious of having done
anything but refuse to sympathise with
injustice. The relations of employers and
employed had passed in the course of history
through many successive phases, but while the
progress which had been made was calculated to
inspire their hopes, its gradual character showed
that they must not entertain any chimerical expecta-
tions that in the space of a single life they could
change the industrial relations of the world. The
history of our country was, in this respect, tolerably
typical, and Mr. Smith entered into a historical
sketch, showing the condition of the working
classes from the Roman times, when they were held
in slavery, down through the state of serfdom,
their final emancipation from that state, the
great development of the manufacturing industry
that took place towards the close of the last cen-
tury, and the corresponding development in the de-
mand for hired labour. He stated several causes
why the working classes did not at that time reap
their full share of the increased opulence of the
nation, but still their condition was upon the whole
a great advance upon that of the serf or the
slave. He then described the formation of trades
unions, the existence of which marked the pre-
sent crisis of the industrial history of the country.
So faras trades unions were benefit societies, nobody
could object to them; but a difficulty arose as soon
as they came to what had been practically the most
important part of their operations—the raising of
wages by means of strikes. There was nothing
morally wrong in strikes, provided they were kept
in the due bounds of reason, and that what was
demanded was what the employer really could
afford. Nobody could deny that strikes had raised
the rates of wages in some cases, and that so far
they had permanently improved the condition of the
working men. The wages fund was, however, a
limited one, and they could not by any number of
strikes increase that fund, but in a case where that
fund had not been fairly shared amongst the differ-
ent interests—including the labourers as well as em-
ployers—then by a strike they might redress the
balance. The operation of strikes was of course a
costly one, as it suspended labour, diminished pro-
duction, and placed the industries of the country
at a disadvantage in competition with those of
foreign nations, and therefore it was necessary that
strikes should be carefully limited, and that resour-
ces should not be wasted in any which were not en-
tirely justified by the circumstances. As to the
jurisdiction of trades unions over their own mem-
bers, no doubt every man who voluntarily entered
into a society placed himself under the rules of that
society, and subjected himself to its penalties. Of
course those penalties must not be such as to con-
flict with the laws of the land. But a more difficult
question arose when they came to interference with
non-unionist men. As far as he could see a man
had a right to refuse to work with a non-unionist,
but when it came to putting a pressure upon a non-
union man, otherwise than by refusing to work with
him, his moral judgment passed to the other side ;
and he felt confident that if anything like tyranny
was attempted to be set up in the world—whether
it were a tyranny of despots, of priests, or of asso-
ciations—the community would at last rise against
it. Any interference with machinery was also
strongly against his sense of right. The effect of
machinery in the long run was to raise man from
debasing toil, and to make him a more intellectual
being. As to any attempt to limit the number of
hands employed in a trade, that action was also,
he was convinced, a mistake, and would be

found in the end to be impracticable. Mr. Smith
held that trades unions were inevitable in present
circumstances as means of putting the working
man to treat with his employer, and get the
wages due to him. He was of opinion, however,
that the present state of the industrial question was
but a transitional one, and it was passing very
gradually into the new phase of co-operation, of
which, in conclusion, he treated at some length. A
discussion followed Mr. Smith's address.

711 E ARCHBISHOP OF PARIS A.ND 7HE
FREACH PRESS.

The semi-offic;ial, or, rather, Imperial journal,
La France, published a few days since a wan-
tonly mischievous article on the non-elevation
of the Archbishop of Paris to the dignity of
Cardinal, the cause of which the writer im-
puted to the influence of the Jesuits, who were
alleged to be hostile to the Archbishop on
account oT his opinions on the Temporal
Sovereignty of the Pope, as expressed in a
speech he lately delivered in the Senate. In
commeliiing on the mischievous spirit exhi-
bited by La France, the Univers alludes to
an article on the same subject in the 11:Emo-
rial Di plamatique, conceived in a better spirit,
and which it quotes, without, however, gua-,
ranteebig its correctness. The article in the
Diplomatique is as follows :
" Every nomination of new cardinals is de-
ferred_ -until the meeting at Rome of the (Ecu-
menica) Council, the opening of which is fixed
for the Bth of December of this year (an edi-
torial -note in the Univers remarks that the
Council is not yet convoked). Befare then
eight entire months will elapse, during which
we hop e to witness the removal of the sole
obstacle that could stand in the way of the
elevation of Mgr. Darboy to the dignity of
Cardinal, and which it remains with his grace
alone completely to remove. No one did more
justice -than the Holy Father to the merits of
the candidate proposed by the Emperor of the
French., as proved by the reception he met
with is Rome during the celebration of the
Centenary of St. Peter. It is important to
remember that cardinals, before receiving the
hat from the hands of the Pope, take an oath
to sustain and defend, even at the cost of
their blood, the rights, prerogatives, and in-
tegrity of the Holy See, and that the Sove-
reign Pontiff himself cannot allow of any com-
promise in respect of this solemn obligation.
Now, the speech delivered last year by the
Archbishop in the Senate on the Roman ques-
tion co ntained certain things which-were judged
at Rome, rightly or wrongly, irreconcilable
with the engagements to which every cardinal
must subscribe. The Holy Father had written
to the Archbishop requesting him to explain
the meaning of certain passages in his speech
which gave rise to interpretations unfavour-
able to the interests of the Holy See.
" It is not our office to examine the motives
which induce his grace not to comply with
the request of his Holiness. We are only able
to state that the Papal Government had ex-
pressed its readiness to ratify the presenta-
tion of the Archbishop of Paris as a candidate
to the dignity of cardinal if that prelate, in de-
ference to the wishes of the Pope, made such
explanations as would remove any contradiction
between his personal views and the tenour of
the oath. he would have to take as cardinal."
"If matters stand," observes the Univers," as
the .31jatorial Diplomatique puts them, three
things in this conflict are deserving of admira-
tion' :—The constancy of the Pope in resisting
his powerful and only protector with as much
firmness as he shows to his enemies ; the
patience of the sovereign in waiting and
knowing how to bend before that magnanimous
resistance prompted by right and duty ; and,
lastly, the sincerity of the Prelate, who will
not purchase at the price of his conscience or
dignity the obligations imposed, which do not
seem to him such as he would like to face.
Only the spirit of a placeholder could sub.-
stitute for such noJle or honourable motives
the littlenesses which .La France suggests."
The Archbishop has -written to the Univers
the following note :
" The Univers of Saturday, the 4th, repro-
duces with comments an article of the Memo-
rial Diplomatique which states, among other
inaccuracies, that, in consequence of a speech
delivered last year in flit) Senate by the Arch-
bishop of Paris, the Pope has written to him
for an explanation of certain passages of that
speech which were calculated to be interpreted
unfavourably to the interests of the Holy See.
All that the Archbishop thinks proper to state
at present with reference to these assertions
and comments is, that the Holy Father has net
written to him on the subject of his speech,
and has not requested him to explain certain
passages of it."

Foreign Mail Packet List.

MAILS DUE.

6.ustralla and New Zealand, via Sonthampton.....April 25.
Ditto, via Marseilles • 20.
Ditto, via Panama April 23.
Brazil, Buenos Ayres, awl Monte Video April 6.
Ditto, by French packet April 2Z
Cape Verds, by Brazil packet
:.;ape of Good Hope. Ascension, and St. Helena April 12.
,)hina, Penang, and Singapore, via Bouthampton April 11-
Ditto, via Marseilles. •••••• April 21
Falkland Islands
Jibraltar, via Southampton April 4.
India, via Southampton
Ditto, via Marseilles -
Malta, Egypt, St% -
Ditto, Marseilles April --,
Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, via
Southampton
Ditt r, Marseilles April !LC
Newfoundland ~,......,.....April
Purtiigal April 6
Ditto, by privets ship to Oporto ...
Ditto t itto to Lisbon
United States, anada, California, &o. by British
packet
Ditto, by L Lited States packet
Ditto ditto New York,
Ditto ditto 'New York)
Ditto ditto (Baltimore)
Ditto, by Canadian packet ••••• 10.
west Coast of Afri..a, Madeira, and Tenerin .. May 6
rest Indies and Pacific (except Mexico and Baha-

mas) April 13
Cub and Hexico ...April 28.
13%ba.nas, via New IC April 8.
April 8.
I,l;rrnuda, via Halifax

It is the intention of Lieutenant-General Sir
George Buller and Major-General Lindsay to meet the
general officers appointed to command divisions, and the
officers appointed to command brigades, at the Volunteer
Review on Easter Monday, at the Brigade-office at Ports-
mouth, at two o'clock p.m., on Saturday next, the 11t12
instant.

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