The Sun.
London, England, 1850-12-04 00:00:00

N°.18,158.] TAO

MITHFIELD CLUB PRIZE CATTLE
SHOW, and EXHIBITION of IMPLMIENTS, SEEDS,
ROOTS, &c.. commences 'TUESDAY MORNING, and closes FRI-
DAY EVENING, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th December. Bazaar,
King-stroet, Portman•square,
The arrangements this year are upon a mere extended scale, and
marked by the usual attention to the comfort of Visitors, thereby
enabling Ladies to view this National Exhibition with facility.

THE IVEZKLY CHRONICLE
NOTICE OF iIISSOLUTION OF PAIZTNEIZS,IIIP.

1, the undersh;ned, hereby give notice. that the Partnership here-
tofore between toe and John I ienry Doyle iu the
ab,,ve-mentioned Newspaper has been THUS DIY 1)ISOIXED;
that I have not admitted, and I do not admit, Charles
White Dillon, late Publisher of the "Weekly Chroniee," to be a
partner with me in that c meern ; tutd that I shall therefore not be
liable, nor hold myself responsible for any debts that may be contracted
in the name of, or on the account of, such newspaper by the said
Johnllenry Dt,yle, the said Charles White Dillon, or others ; and I
hereby request that all letters intended for me imlividually, or with
respect to my interest in the `' Weekly Chronicle," may he apildressed
to my private residence, No. 19, Northumberland-street, Strand, in
the county of Middlesex.

Dated ill's 30th November, 1830.
(Signed) ROBERT FALLER RUSSELL.

NEW WORK BY HARRY MEOVER

Just published, in fcp. svo., with Two Plates, " The Itlght Sort,
and " The Wrong Sort." price ss. half-bound,

.
THE HUNTING FIELD. By IL4 RRY
ll lEOVEIt. Author of " The Pocket and the Stud," " The
Stud for Practical Purposes,'" Practical Horsemanship," and "Stable
Talk and Table Talk."

Ilieover writes for half-formed sportsmen and abso!ute beginners.
To them his hook will prove most useful ; and we doubt much if the
olßest and most accomplished fox-hunter may not derive Information
from it; but if nit, it will most assuredly amuse him. The little
book is written in an easily understood and agreeable style, and has
our hearty recommendation."—Observer.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

THE NEW NOVEL, PIQUE, is now ready,
and may be had at all the Libraries.

London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

NEW GIFT BOOK FOR THE YOUNG.
In foolscap Ave., price 55., cloth gilt,
H E ILLUSTRATED YEAR BOOK.
Second Series. The Wonders, Events, and Discoveries or
1850. Edited by JOIIN TIMBS. With numerous Engravings on
Wood.

Arthur Ithll, Virtue and Co,, 25, Paternoster-row.

DYER'S GASTRONOMIC
REGENERATOR,

The Seventh Edition of this masterly Work on Cookery is now
publ;shing, price 1/. Is. To be had of all booksellers. For general
opinion, see the whole of the public press, not forgetting the Frontis-
piece of " Punch's Pocket-book" for 1851.
Published by Simpkin and Marshall, Stationers' Ilall-court, Lud-
gate-hill, London.

DEFRIE'S PATENT GAS BATH.
By the use of the above, a HOT BATH can be obtained in six
minutes for less than twopence. Every family should provide itself
with this invaluable requisite, its limited cost placing it within the
means of all, and its simplicity within the management of a child,
DEFRIE'S ECONOMIC GAS COOKING STOVES are adapted for
all establishments, lartre or small, and need only be seen to be appre-
ciated for their cleanliness and economy, entirely dispensing with all
coal. To be seen daily In operation (Saturday excepted) at 221, Ile-
gent-street; and, also in action, DEFRIE'S DRY GAS METER:
40,000 in use.—N.B. The apparatus can be applied for all heating
purposes.

THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.
The Direttors of this Company are now prepared to Julie to
the Public Travelling ry the Line between i,ondon and Hitchin and
intermediate Stations First-class Tickets for the ear 1351 (not
transferable), to be used by all Passenger Trains calling at the Sta-
tions, at the following prices, viz.:
Betwom London and llornsey .. • • £l3 per ann.
f t f Col ney Hatch .1G „
Pt Barnet .. 20 „
11 Potters Bar 23 „
)1 f t Hat field .. 30 „
Welwyn .. 34 „
Stevenage .. • • I,'S
91 Int Chill • • • • 42 „
The holders of these Tlykets will be subject to all the regulations
of the CompaLy aticetin4 Pas:engers.
On the issue of each Tieket'a deposit of IN. will 13,) required, in
addition tf, its price, to be returned at the expiration of the Ticket,
on the holder giving it up.
For further information apply at this Office.
I•,y order, J. B. MOWATT, Secretary.
Sr cretary's Office. King's-cross Station,
Lonelon, December 2, 1850.

rif""
GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.
On and after THURSDAY, 12th DEcEmint next, this
Company will be prepared to Carry General Merchandise to and
from London, and all Stations on the Great Northern Railway
system, and to and front London and all Towns in the North of
England and in Scotland.

Goods may be Booked at the King's-cross Station, or at the foi
lowing Receiving Houses in London :

()TAME SEASON.—OROSSE and BLACK-
WELL, Purveyors in Ordinary, by appointment to her Ma-
jesty, beg respectfully to Inform the nobility and gentry that they
continue to manufacture the celebrated SOHO SAUCE, which will
be found superior for every description of game ; also their improved
Essence of real Gorgona Anchovies, Dinmore's Essence of Shrimps,
for boiled and fried fish, Royal Table Sauce, Sir Robert Peel's Sauce
for general purposes, Anchovy Paste, Strasburg Potted Meats, &c.
The whole of the above, together with their superior pickles, may be
obtained of all the principal sauce-vendors throughout the kingdom.
Manufactory, 21, Soho-square, London. Established 1706.

At the Bull and Mouth Inn, St. Martin's-le-Grand; the Oxford
Arms, IVarwick•lane ; the George Inn, Borough; No. 11, Grace-
church••street ; the Flower Pot, Bishopsgate-street ; the Saracen's
Head, Snow-hill ; the Old Bell, llolborn ; the Cross Keys, St. John-
street ; the Peacock, Islington; the White Bear, Piccadilly;
Hatchet's, Piccadilly ; the Ship, Charing-cross ; Moore's Green
Man and Still, Oxford-street; the Boar and Castle, and the Glouces-
ter Warehouse, Oxford-street.

POULTRY and GAME.—J. CL AY WORTH,
Leadenhall-market, begs to submit his list of prices to the
nobility and gentry:—Chickens, 38. to 3s. 6d. per couple; fowls, 4s. ;
capons, ss. 6d. ; turkeys, 4s. each to ss. 6d.; geese, 4s. to 4s. 6d.
do. : ducks, 4s. 6d. per couple ; pheasants, ss. Gd. a brace ; birds, 2s.
to 2s. 6d. do. ; woodcocks, 4s. do. ; snipes, Is. Gd. do. ; black game,
53. Gd do. ; grouse, 3s. to 3s. 6d. do. ; wild ducks, 2s, 6d. do. ; wid-
geons, 2s. do.; teal, Is. do.; hares, 2s. to 2s. Gd. each; rabbits, Is.
do. ; larks, Pd. per dozen. All orders by post sent free of carriage
six miles west of the City, and every article warranted of the best
quality.

OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
AAP Lecture on the Ballad Music of England, by Mr. George Bar-
ker, illustrated with Lays of the Foresters, or Song' of Robin llood,
every Evening (except Saturday) at Eight o'clock.—Lecture on the
Hydro-Electric Machine, by Dr. Bachhoffner.—Lecture on Chemistry
by J. 11. Pepper, Esq., illustrating the Ancient Fiery Ordeal and the
Han i ling of Red Hot of etals. —Model of Westoit's Patent Nova-Motive
Railway, at work daily.—Dissolving Views illustrating some of the
Wonders of Nature, daily at Half-past Four, and in the Evenings
at a Quarter to Ten; also a Series, exhibiting Scenes in the Arctic
Regions and Ceylon, daily at One e'clock.—Diver and Diving-bell,
Sce., Admission, Is.—Schools, Half-price.

Opeu day from Eleven till Five o'clock, and every Evening (ex-
ept turday) from Seven till half-past Ten.

ARGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL-,
STREET, ST. JAMES'S.
Licensed pursuant to Act of Parliament of the 25th of King George
the Second, cap. 36.
(Sole Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.)
LAURENT'S SOIREES 3IUSICALES AND DANSANTES.
Open every Evening, with his CELEBRATED and POPULAR
BAND, acknowledged by the nobility end patrons of muslc to stand
UNRIVALLED and SECOND to NONE.
_ .

Principal Cornet•a-Pistons, M. Boulcourt, from Paris, whose in-
imitable performance is nightly received with rapturous plaudits and
universal admiration,

Admission, One Shilling.
Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock—Dancing to commence at
Nine and terminate at Half-past Eleven precisely.
N.B. Due notice will he given of the First Series or Concerts that
will take place at the above Rooms.

GRAND SALON DE DANSE,
ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY, STRAND.
OPEN FOR TUE SEASON.
Lessee—Mr. Thomas Bartlett Simpson, Albion Tavern, Great
Russell-street, Covent-garden.
Mr. SIMPSON, anxious to have the best Baud in London, has re-
tained the valuable talent of the leading Artists engaged during the
past season at Cremorne Gardens, including the most eminent
Performers from her Majesty's Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera,
and the Philharmonic Concerts.
BORINI'S BAND.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT.
Comprising Selections from the most celebrated Composers, and
Solos by first-rate Artists.
Overture, " La Dame Blanche," Boildieu.
• •• • • J. Jolly
.
Song,
ml‘alit7,Clara..Stuar.t, " Love Launched a Fairy
.
Solo (Violin), " Souvenir de Londres," Fantasie,
Van Iledcleghetn.
Song, Miss Clara Stuart, " Llev,ilyn's Bride" .. Barker.
Comic Songs by Mr. R. Glindon.
Selection from Weber's Opera of " Der Frieochutz."
REPERTOIRE OF MUSIQUE DE DANSE.
THIS EVENING, Dec. 4.
1. Polka .. Isabelle • • • . D'Albert
2. Quadrille.. Val d'Ando.rre (Ist set).. • • Musard
3. Waltz • . Bommage a Strauss .. Borini
4. Polka • • Souvenir de l'Hyppodrome • • Eessy
5. Quadrille.. All Nations Borini
6. Schottische The Gem .. •• • . .. Seabrook
7. Polka ~ Alice .. • • • • .. J. Strauss
8. Quadrille.. Le Roi d'Yvetot • . .. • . Bosisio
9. Waltz .. Labyrinthe .. • • • • Lanner
to. Polka .. Caledonian • • • • .. Bstrini
11. Quadrille.. Irish Donnybrook .. o•Bri„
12. Schottische Abatene • • • .. • • Quinton
13. Polka .. Charlotten •• .• • • Labitzky
14. Waltz .. Souvenir du Rhin .. • • J. Strauss
15. Galop Glocken .. • • • • .. Labitzky
To the votaries of Terpsichore remarks on the excellence of
Borini's Band, after the experience of its Orchestral Triumphs at
Cremorne, would be superfluous.
Solos and Concerted Pieces will be performed during the evening.
Borini's Latest Compositions—The Adelaide Polka, Waltzes to
various popular Irish Melodies, Galop d'lndustrie, New Quadrille of
all Nations.
The Grand Salon, Refreshment, and Ante-rooms have undergone
considerable alterations and improvements.
Doors open at Halt past Seven o'clock. Admission One Shilling.

Full particulars as to Hates, &c., may be ascertained at the Goods
Offices, King's-cross Station, and at all the Stations on the Line.
The Company's Dock and Waterside Premises, King's-cross Sta-
tion, are accessible by the Regent's Canal, and facilities exist for
leading and unloading Barges under cover in the Warehouses.
. _

N.B. To prevent Mistakes all goods should be plainly marked "To
be forwarded by the Great Northern Railway."

By order,

J. R. MOWATT, Secretary.
Secretary's Office, King's-cross Station, London, Nov. 27, 1850.

MARKET BOSWORTH FARMERS'
ASSOCIATION.
(From the Leicestershire Mercury.)
A meeting of the members of this association was held
at the Dixie Arms on Wednesday the 27th inst., when
the chair was taken by Mr. R. Smith, of Sutton Cheney.
Mr. Harrison stated that at the request of the committee,
ho had written to the Rev. John Twells, requesting him
again to favour the association with his company; but
ho had received a letter from that gentleman stating
that his engagements were so numerous that, highly as
he felt complimented by their invitation, he must for this
time decline; at some future time, however, he hoped to
have the pleasure of again meeting them.—(Hear.)
The CHAIRMAN then stated that the subject of the
afternoon's discussion would be " the Currency as it
affects the interests of the British agriculturist;' and he
would first call upon Mr. Harrison to open the proceed-
ings of the day.
Mr. HARRISON commenced by recalling the attention of
the association to the Queen's speech, and the equivocal
manner in which her Majesty was made by her Ministers
to express her sympathy with the distress of the agricul-
tural interest. To that speech he should not now have re-
curred but for the speech of Lord J. Russell recently de-
livered at the Mansion-house, in which his Lordship con-
gratulated his audience on the general prosperity of the
country. It was clear, therefo:e, the agriculturists had
little to hope for from that quarter. He believed, too,
that they had little reason to hope for sympathy from
other quarters. In the Evening Mail of the other day
be had met with an article in which the editor advised
any " unsuccessful farmer" who grumbled at the present
state of affairs to emigrate to the Antipodes, as many a
clergymen and lawyer had to do: therefore why should
the farmer repine at having to follow their example?—
(Hear, hear.) He (Mr. H.) had therefore come to the
conclusion, that the only course the farmer now could
pursue was to lay his case before that public which
always acted justly when they understood the real merits
of a case; for from those in authority, and their organs.
they met with nothing but pretended sympathy. Among
the topics which be looked upon as of importaace to the
farmer was that of the currency; but because this Asso-
ciation again took it up, it must not be supposed that
they were therefore overlooking or forgetting the other
great questions to which they had on former occasions
drawn attention—such as the Reduction of Rent—(Hear)
—the Abolition of the Law of Distraint—(Hear)—and a
revision of the condition between landlord and tenant.—
(Hear, hear.) Indeed ho was happy to know that the
attention which this association bad drawn to.those great
questions was beginning to work for good in other places.
—(Hear.) Were he at liberty he could mention the case
of a large landowner residing not ten miles from that
place, who, after reading the report of the proceedings
of that association on this question, went to his legal
agent, and said he had not before thought of the in-
jurious and unfair operation of this law, and that he, for
one, was willing to give up his right to the operation of
that law.—(Hear, hear.) The question had also been
thus brought before the notice of one of the principal
law officers of the Crown, who had expressed himself
strongly on the necessity of a change in this law. This
showed them the necessity, therefore, of keeping their
grievances before the public.—(Hear, hear.) He now
came to the question of the evening; but, in so doing,
he must take them back nearly half a century. Mr.
Harrison then proceeded—But I must now draw
your attention to that portion of grievances (the
monetary system) which more particularly forms the
subject of our consideration at the present mo-
ment, and I must now lead you back in English
history for more than half a century, when we were
beset with enemies on every side—seeming to be at war
with all the world.— (Hear). In these wars, not only
human life and happiness, but wealth and treasure also,
to an unlimited extent, were expended and destroyed.
To find money for such expenditure, the Minister of the
day borrowed largely upon the credit of the country
(thus entailing a heavy debt upon posterity) ; but to
find the means for people leading, and for paying the
increased taxation rendered necessary by the payment
of interest upon the debt contracted, he was obliged also
to amplify the circulating medium of the kingdom. In
1797 (I believe) an Act was passed which made the
notes of the Bank of England legal tender—enabling
them legally to perform the office of representative of
labour, of industry, of capital, of wealth ; and which,
in fact, gave to this country
a paper currency.—(Hear).
Now, sir, this measure to myself is merely a matter of
history ; but there are many persons living (and per-
haps some may be present) who can well remember
the passing of the Bank Restriction Act ; and such
can speak to the general prosperity which ensued.
The object of the Minister, in resorting to a
paper currency, was to enable each class, by the
intervention of a cheap and expansible representative of
value, as a medium of barter, to charge upon the cost
price of his individual labour or production, the quota
or share which might be charged upon himself, to the
increasing burdens of national taxation. And now let us
inquire how this cheap means of barter affected the posi-
tion of the agriculturist? I find that in the last twenty
years of the last century, compared with twenty years
from that date (or 1800 and 1820 inclusive), the average
price of wheat stands in the comparison as 50s. lOd.
does to 84s. 5d.; or increased in money-value something
more than three-fifths.—(Hear.) If we examine his-
tory as to the state of agriculture we shall find that at
this period it was particularly flourishing. If we exa-
mine the Inclosure Bills of this country we shall find
that a large number took date at this period. Aud
when we meet with old farmers they invariably speak of
these days as "the good old times." When I was a
boy I had the opportunity of looking into some farming
accounts of this date; and could I at that time have
foreseen that I should ever have been called on to address a
meeting upon this subject, and to touch upon the state of
agricultural production at this date, I might have derived
from them some useful information. However,l remember
the profits of a few items about this period; although I do
not remember precisely the
price or the dates. Thus,
against a lot of tvventy-one black-faced Dudley ewes
stood a note—" 1 died; but under fourteen months; pro-
fit clear to pocket, 1051."—(Hear hear.) But the rise
in value of produce was shortly extended to the value
of real property; and the landlords now claimed a pro-
portional increase in rent.—(Hear, hear.) Still, the
elasticity and cheapness of the abundant paper currency
enabled the tenant farmer to meet
high taxation, in-
creasing payments, and increased rents—(Hear)—and
to lay up a little beside to meet contingencies and old
age.—(Hear.) In short, under the influence of this
cheap circulating medium the energy of the country was
called out, the exertion and the labour of its inhabitants
were stimulated, and by a
paper money the country was
'
maintained in its proper position and each class enjoyed
its share of prosperity—being enabled to live upon the
profit of its industry.—(Hear.) It has even been
charged against the paper currency that it raised un-
naturally and artificially the price of all property and
productions. But it was taxation which raised prices
unnaturally; the paper currency was only a means
to an end.—(Hear, hear.) It enabled the tax-
payers to meet all their engagements without feel-
ing that burden of taxation by which we, debarred from
the assistance of a cheap and ample currency, are now
pressed down into the earth.—(Hear.) But, sir, I will
not occupy your time in disputing the charge brought
against a paper currency: it matters little to my argu-
ment, whether taxation or bank-notes raised artificially
the price of commodities: sufficient to say they did rise,
and obtained, in the then existing currency, a higher
nominal value than they had possessed before.—(Hear,
ar.) But
Parliament that the country must return to its ancient
peace came, and it was shortly mooted in
standard of circulation. The Bank began to make
preparation for this by withdrawing its notes from cir-
culation, which caused pressure and distress chiefly
among the commercial interests of the kingdom, and the
failure of our banks. In 1819 Peel brought into Par-
liament, and carried, a Bill for the resumption of cash
payments; and I well recollect the time that this Bill
first came into operation. I think the farmers had their
first pinch from its action in 1821.—(Hear.) I remember
well the opinion expressed by the then Sir Robert Peel;
he then, speaking of his sons measure, said " Robert
is wrong, and will ruin his country." I can
recollect, too, that ono common topic of conversation
among the country politicians of that day, was the
injustice done to the debtor by increasing in real
amount his various obligations—another was, the "great
boon conferred upon the public creditor; and another
was what was then considered the Radical proposition
the necessity, of an equitable adjustment.—(Hear, hear
and " It must cams to that.") Now, ;since I have
considered more maturely the currency question, and
have called to mind the recollections of twenty-five and
thirty years ago, I can see that there were men in ex-
I isteneo Mae bad tt, clear perception of the evils of that

CATHOLIC LAW AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY,
8, NEW COVENTR f-STREET, LEICESTER-SQUARE, LONDON.
The FOURT II ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Proprie-
tors of this Company took place on the 25th instant, at the Head
Office, at One o'clock precisely. The following is extracted from the
report, which is too lengthy for publication :
During the past year no claims have arisen from deaths in Englana.
and but two in Ireland—one for 5001. and the other for 2801.—making
together 700/., which have been paid. This is far below the expected
mortality, and is especially favourable, when it is remembered how
severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last
year.

The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1249, and
the 31st of May, 1850, was more than double the number issued in
the twelve months preceding.
Proposals were made for 138 Policies, amounting to 52,9631.25. 6d.:
of these 123, comprising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,1251. 6s.
sixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,0481., upon which 3201. 3s.
was received by the Company in the shape of premiums.
Since the commencement of the Company to the Ist of June last,
assurances were effected to the extent of 110,9721. 12s 6d., pro-
ducing in annual premiums 3,7321. lie. Gd. Of these 54 lapsed,
amounting to 23,990/. 16s. 6d., of which the annual premiums were
7411. ls. leaving the yearly income on the Ist of June last equal to
2,9911. As. I Id.
Since last meeting loans were applied for to the extent of 17,700/.,
but 1,1831. 1 Is. 10d. only was advanced.
The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the
I t Ifour months they had considerably extended their business on
the Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent in France, Monsieur
de l'Etang, a gentleman of high standing in Paris, distinguished for
his integrity and ability in financial and in all assurance matters,
who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris,
the Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and Monseigneur Parisis, Eveque
de Langres, has already within the last three months effected a con-
siderable amount of business, not only in Life Assurances, but in An-
nuities both Immediate and Deferred.
After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning
thanks to the Right Reverend Chairman, Bishop Morris, the Vice-
Chairman, Actuary, Secretary, and Medical Officers of the establish-
ment, the meeting separated, highly gratified at Its present results
and future prospects.

DAVIES'S CANDLES, 41d. rind sd. per lb.;
wax-wick moulds, 6d.; composite, 716,d., 9d., and 91,4 d. ;
wax candles, Is.; German wax, Is. 2d.; fine wax, Is. sd. ;
transparent wax, 2s. Oct. and 2s. 2d. ; best wax, 2s. 3d.; sperm can-
dies, 2s and 2d. ; metallic, 614 d. and 7%d. ; mottled soap 568. ;
and 60s. per 112 lbs. ; yellow, 445., MIR., and 565. ; Windsor soap,
Is. 4d. per packet ; brown Windsor, Is 9d. ; rose, 2e. ; almond,
6d.; sperm oil, 7s. 6d. per gallon ; solar, 3s. 6d. ; argand, 4s. 6d. ;
sealing wax, 4s. 6d. per lb., for cash, at DAVIES'S old established
warehouse, 63, St. Martin's-lane, opposite Westminster County
Court (late New Slaughter's Coffee-house).

WHAT OF THE WEATHER?

OHARACTERISTICS of L. HYAM and CO.
LJ Att he numerous and vast ESTABLISIIMENT:4 of L. HYAM
and CO., Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, and Wholesale Dealers, the
Invariable practice Is to PURCHASE the RAW MATERIALS from
the first manufacturers, and thus save to Gentlemen and Heads of
Families rkho patronise them, all intermediate profits, viz.:-
Ist Profit ! arising from manufacturers buying articles in the raw
stale.
_ _

2d. Profit ! arising from merchants purchasing from manufac-
trors. _ .

YLta • • m•
3d. Profit H 1 arising from London or Wholesale Houses buying
from merchants.

4th Profit ! ! ! ! arising from small retai ers having to purchase
from wholesale houses.
sth Profit 11! !! arising from small tradesmen's exorbitant charges
to the consumer. . . _

- -
In the Ordered Department the newest and most superior style of
every Garment may be obtained, first-race talent being employed in
the execution of all orders.
In the Department of Clothing for immediate wear will be found
the mast varied Stock in the world. Over Coats, peculiarly adapted
for travellinz and equestrianism.
Dress, Surtout, and Riding Coats; Walking and Business Jackets,
Waistcoats, Trowslrs, Servants' Top Coats, Pages' Suits, and Wait-
ing Jackets, enabling the Proprietors (at the shortest possible notice)
to execute all orders for home or foreign consumption.
Private Rooms are set apart for trying on Children's Clothing, so
that parents and guardians can at once select the most becoming at-
tire, and likewise ensure a correct and beautiful fit.
L. lIYAM and CO. beg distinctly to state that Goods made by
them can only be obtained at their places of business, 3G, Grace-
church-street, and 86, Oxford-street, and at their various Establish-
ments in the following towns :—Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool
Leeds, Glasgow, Hull, Dublin, Bristol, and Exeter.

DR. LA'MERT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
AND MATURITY.-WITH 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON

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Stricture,tropical e ,NcelorvseousstuDdeyb,ilo7 the influence of
and Derangements resulting ,
liamndatalles:DLisortasiesand Constitutional Weaknessil.oirSypioh,illfias:
ttfrvaat i nogr,
one,th e
action. With Forty colourediseas
Anatomy, Physiology, and D
habits, excesses, an
injuries that are produced in them by solitary
esEnogfrathveinlgtse'proidlluu:
explaining their structures, uses, and functions, and the variousd
infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MEIIT, M.D.„
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE. LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospittd Medical Society, Ste.
This work contains an accurate and complete account of the
Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive Organs. It un-
fortunately happens that the unhappy victim of excessive indul-
gence and vicious habits, while suffering from their invariable con-
sequences, unwisely entertains a fear of applying to a qualified physi-
cian for relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but erro-
neously entertained that these complaints aro beyond the reach of
art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking (or assistance whore
alone it can be procured. Dr. LA WERT has taken the highest
medical honours, as his, diplomas testify, and the great extent of his
practice for many years is a guarantee for his prof,:ssional experi-
ence, which has reference alaiDst solely to the treatment of these
dlnensa. . . • -:: ' '• '.. ,
Published by the Author, and may; be had of,. J. Gilbert,
49, Paternoster-row; Ilannay,,63, .Oxford-street;, ataom uelk• borne-
street,gosr it 1 11.10 ilrl ;I
o rGordon,;ty.tl ,0
.31tIanip46. to.i:afdreccan-
hall-atreller London ;;
'olir,4'.'frriei;h9;
the Author's Residence, 37. Bedtord-square London.

I don't profess to prophesy,
As Moore and Murphy did ;
But certainly my weather eye
Knows how to lift its lid.
'Tis now about a year ago
Since I predicted cold ;
When down came winter's drifting snow,
Just as my Muse foretold.
Another year my fame I'll risk,
As a prophetic bard,
By stating that the sun's dark disc
Bespeaks a winter hard.
Cold winds will blow, and frosts benumb,
Yet fear not u inter aught ;
Warm wrappers for a mod'rate sum,
Of MOSES may be bought.

MOSES and SON, for winter wear,
Slave all that you require ;
And you for winter should prepare,
By buying slits attire.
MOSES anti SON'S prime winter dress,
Will ev'ry harm remove,
however cold and comfortless
• The corning month may prove.
The NEW EDITION of " EVERYBODY'S BOOK," containing
a full Report of the late important Trial, may be had gratis on ap-
plication, or by letter, post free.
Notice.—The Fur and Shawl Department are now replete with
every novelty of the season.
Observe.—Any article purchased, either ready-made or made to
measure, if not approved of, will be exchanged or the money re-
turned.
Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret having to guard the public
against impos:tion, but having heard that the untradesaaanlike false-
hood of being connected with them, or it is the same concern, has
been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons. They
beg to state they have no connexion with any other house in or out
of London, except their own Establishments, as tollows :
London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83,
81, 85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
and 3, Hart•etreet, all communicating.
Bradford " Yorkshire" Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate.
Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoe-
makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset Sa-
turday, when business is resumed till Twelve o'clock.

ANOTHER CURE OF ASTHMATIC COUGH OF LONG
STANDING BY
DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.
" City-road, Haverfordwest.
" Sir,—l am happy to inform you that I have experienced the
greatest benefit from taking only two boxes of Dr. Locock's Wafers.
Previously to my taking them I could scarcely walk from the great
difficulty of breathing, and my cough would then increase to such a
degree that I was nearly suffocated. I had not for many months
slept fur snore than half an hour at a time ; but I am now able to
sleep all night without coughing. I can truly recommend them to
those who are similarly afflicted, as a most invaluable remedy.
"JOHN JOHNS.

" Mr. 0. E. Davies, chemist, High-street, Haverfordwest."
Pr ce Is. I d., 2s. 9d., and lie. per box. Agents : Da Silva and
Co„ I, Bride-lane, Fleet-street, London. Sold by all medicine ven-
dors. Also,

LOCOCK'S FAMILY APERIENT AND ANTIBILIOUS
WAFERS, . _

having a most agreeale taste. Full directions are given with every
box. Price Is. PA d., 2s. 9d., and l Is. per box.

Beware of Counterfeits.

DR. GARDNER'S WORM MEDICINE.
It is a melancholy fact that thousands are suffering the pri-
vation of health, and are ultimately brought to a premature death by
a cause so prevalent as that of worms in the human body.
It is proved by the bills of mortality that one-half of the children
born are cut off before attaining their seventh year. The source of
this fearful mortality is found to exist in that foul state of the stomach
and bowels which children are so liable to, and produces the genera-
tion of Worms. The four most:common species are—
ASCARIDES VERMICULARIS, commonly called Maw or
Thread Worm, is about half-an-inch in length, and the thickness
of a thread. They infest every part of the alimentary canal, but
principally the lower extremity of the bowels, occasioning pain.
Their increase is most rapid; and the number existing in one
individual is often incredible, and thus in persons of all ages.
TRICURIS YULGARIS, or long Thread Worm, 19 about two
inches in length, and tapers down from the head to the tail ; they,
are not so common as the former. These also infest the whole ali-
mentary eanal, and are equally tormenting.
TREES LUMBRICOIDES, or long round Worms, are generally
from 4 to 12 inches in length, of the substance of a goose-quill.
These exist in the regions of the stomach, causing sickness, bile, fla-
tulence, with headache.
TANTA OSCULIS MARGINALIBUS, or Tape Worm. The dis-
tinguishing character of this species consists in the oscula, or mouths,
being situated upon the margin of each joint, which is flat. They
vary in breadth, and also in length from 6 to 170 yards, and the
joints decrease in all cases as they approach the head. Extraordi-
nary specimens of the tribe have been exhibited at the Museum of
the late Dr. Gardner, to the astonishment of thousands who have
witnessed them.
This celebrated medicine has stood the test of half a century's ex-
perience, effectually destroying every kind of Worms, and rca eying
all impurities from the stomach and bowels, by invigorating which
Worms are not only expelled, but their generation prevented ; and
may be administered with confidence to children, or the most debili-
tated adult, without restraint in diet or confinement.
Sold by Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London, whose name and ad-
dress observe on the Government stamp, and may be procured
from the dealers in medicines, at 2s. 9d., and for children at Is.
each box, with which full directions are given.

LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN
RAILWAY.
ALTERATIONS and ADDITIONAL TRAINS for DECEMBER.
Th' 7 a.m. train from Birmingham to Loudon will be discon-
tinued.

A new fast train, conveying first and second class passengers at
express fares, leave Birmingham at 7 30 a.sn., and arrive in
London at 10 30.

The third class train wilt leave Birmingham at 8 a.m. instead 01
1 pm.,and arrive in London at 2 15.

The 10 30 a.m. train from Birmingham will leave at 10 15.
The 12 30 noon train from Birmingham will leave 1 p.m. Third•
class passengers from Liverpool and Manchester will be brought for-
ward by this train from Rugby.

•
The 11 15 a.m, train from Liverpool win he accelerated, and arrive
at Eustoa station at 6 45 p.m., instead of 7 30.
A new fast train iron the Midland Itailway, in connexion with the
train leaving Newcastle at 8 15 a.m. and York at 12 noon, will leave
Itugbv :It 4 15 p.m., and arrive in London at 6 55.
The 8 15 a.m. and 12 noon train from Peterborough will be dis-
continued.
new trains will be dispatched from Peterborough at 6 30 a.m.
and 2 p.m.

The early train to Aylesbury will leave London at 6 30 A.m., iu
stead of 7 30, arriving at Aylesbury at 8 30.
The 10 29 A.M. train front Aylesbury will he discontinued.
A new train will leave Aylesbury at 9 30 A.m., arriving in Londor
at 11 30, calling at all the intermediate stations.
The 11 15 A.m. train to Aylesbury leave London at
Other alterations contingent on the above are posted at the Kveral
stations.

By order, MARK HUISFI,
General Manager's-office, Ruston Station, Nov. 27, 1850.

LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN RAIL-
WAY.—FURTHER OPENING of the BUCKINGHAM,
SHIRE RAILWAY.

The public is requested to take nptlee that on and after the
2d of December Tralos will run to and from the Banbury-road Sta-
tion (three miles from Oxford).

Time Bills, with alterations and additional Trains fl)r December,
may be obtained at the Company's stations on and after the 29th
instant.—By order,

MARK HUISH.
General Manager's Office, Nov. 28, 1850.

DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho;
147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author,
orice One Shilling each ; by post, ls. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
CONTENT,:—EarIy Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
cursions about tho Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening., at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.
IL

FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two 'roll.
Vol I.

A VISIT TO THE LAKES;SKETCLOF EDLNIII7RaII, &e.

Vol. 11.

TIIE LAKES OF KILLARNEY; REMINISCENCE% OF
DUBLIN, &c.
111.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
"That three score years and ten our course may run."
A pspalar review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old age, with tables and rules (Or the diet and physical regu-
lation of every-day life.

Iv.
THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."

Suancr : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old ago. Tho advont
otthe passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and remodiativo. Advocacy of early marriages.

measure ere it was carried; who warned the agricul-
turists of their threatened difficulties; but who, by the
farmer, were refused a bearing because they were " Bir-
mingham Radicals"—(Hear, hear, and laughter)—and
were ever arguing upon the currency question, which
no one understood.—(Hear, hear.) W(11, sir, corn fell
in price to 745. 6d. in 1819; to Gis. 103. in 1820; to
56;. Id. in 1821; to 445. 7d. per quarter in 1822.
(Haar,hear.) Beef and mutton fell in 1821 'a from 7d.
to 3d. p7r lb., and great agricultural tistress ensued.
But the Government of that day, unlike the Government
of this day, felt fir the suffering of the country; it
pitied, the agriculturist, and gave him tempo: ray relief.
By Lord Londonderry's Small Note Act, I think about
four millions of paper were added to the circulation of
the country, and it had a very great and stimulating
effect. Prices revived, and the farmer's drooping spirits
were restored.—(Hear.) In 1825, the bill 01 'l9 came
fully into operation, and great was the suff.-ring in the
commercial world, and great was the agricultural dis-
tress. All of my age—and some many years younger--
cannot possibly forget the misery anti distress of the
winter of '25 and '26.—(Hear.) Banks stopped pay-
ment, and agriculturists, by hundreds, were plunged
into difficulties from which they never rose.—(Hear,
hear.) I will not pursue this examination further than
to say, that the price of corn, which had for the first
thirty years of this century averaged 85s per quarter,
fell, notwithstanding the existence of a corn law, during
the next twenty years, to 51s. 6d. per quarter.—(Hear,
hear.) Now I have often wondered how the landed in-
terest, which of all others was most likely to be affected
by the return to cash payments—because this class was
always burdened with the greatest weight of national
taxation—l say, I have.often wondered how this class
could be cajoled into the approval of the Money-Bilr:of
'l9? I cannot find time to inquire into the sophistries
which might be advanced by the Ministry of that time to
gain the landlords' concurrence in that measure which
has saddled themselves and the country with almost
a doubling of the debt. Some say that the land-
owners were told that a difference of 3 per cent, was the
maximum of the change that could ensue. Others say
that the currency is an abstract science, entirely above
the comprehension of ordinary minds, and that it could
not be expected that country gentlemen should under-
stand it. But, in the want of other or better evidence, I
am content to take that of Sir James Graham, who im-
plied in his speech in the House of Commons on the 21st
of February of this year, a compact or bargain between
Government and the Aristocracy, of this kind, " You
acquiesce in the return to cash payments, and ycu shall
retain the corn-laws."—(Hear, hear.) He thus spoke:—
" I have always contended, and the Hon. Member for
Warwickshire will agree with me, that the most im•
provident bargain that could have been made by any
great class was that which the landlords made in 1819,
when, in consideration of an exclusive corn-law, which
gave them the sole possession of the home market up to
80s. per quarter, they consented to the restoration of a
depreciated standard of value— a standard which had
been depreciated for a quarter of a century. That that
was an improvident bargain I thought then, and I think
so now.—(Cheers.) They are about to pursue their class-
interests by asking for the re-imposition of the corn-
laws, in the vain hope of advancing the value of their
property at the expense of, and in opposition to, the en-
tire community. Let them be on their guard."—(Hear,
hoar.) Now, sir, I do not mean to express a belief that
such bargain or contract was entered into in specific
terms, but I can readily believe that such compact be-
tween the Government and landowners was implied and
understood, and that at the time there was no real inton-

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the cinestion."
Pnoonastsrn:—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
dean regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to ago, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its relnoVal. Sterility And RA conversion.
Ganes, ke- _ • •
By It: J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
matters. Reception bouts daily till flue. Evenings, seven till nine.
to Argyll-place. Regent-street;

tion on either side of breaking or evading the bargain.
But the return to cash payments bad no sooner been
carried by Parliament than it began its work of destruc-
tion. The means of the manufacturer were crippled by
it; he felt the pressure of the times, and this made him
regard the protected loaf of the agriculturist with a
jealous eye.—(Hear, bear.) I think it was in 1826 that
the first systematic attack was made upon the existence
of the corn-law. There was in that year, if I recollect
rightly, an opening of the ports by an order in Council,
and foreign bonded corn was admitted to a very consi-
derable extent. And lam free to confess, from my re-
collection of that time, that the entrance of a large
quantity of foreign corn, though prejudicial to the in-
terest of the tenant-farmer, was necessary to the comfort,
if not the welfare, of the humbler classes of society.—
(Hear.) The more I look into this subject, the more I am
compelled to express my_ humble opinion that the agri-
culturists, as a body, have neither acted considerately to
the manufacturers' interest, nor wisely towards them-
selves.—(Hear.) On the first attack made upon the
corn•law, it would have been far better to haw said, "If
we give up the corn-law, you must consent to a revenue
duty, equal per quarter to our direct and indirect taxa-
tion; and you shall join us in our demands upon the Go-
vernment of the country for a restoration of such
standard of value as that in which our debt WRS created,
and in which alone its interest should be paid."—(hear.)
We have now lost the protective corn-law, and we are
now experiencing in full force and intensity the opera-
tion cf Peel's Bill of 1819, which we, as agriculturists,
'Jere, by the influence of that corn•law, prevented from
feeling in full severity before.—(Hear.) Recollect that
all commodities increased in nominal value—corn, stock,
rent, and tithes, became higher in amount during the
existence of the paper currency. Bat mark this: a re-
turn to cash payments is made, and down come corn,
stock, manufactures, and commodities—in nominal value
—but rent, tithes, interest, and all fixed payments, re-
main nominally the same.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. Harrison
then proceeded to elucidate this point by some familiar
illustrations; after which, he dwelt upon the necessity of
a revision of the relations between landlord and tenant
as to rent,—even though the property of the former may
be encumbered. He then reverted to some facts and
figures connected with the currency, concluding by
moving the following resolution:—
" That the circulating medium of this country is not
at this time sufficiently ample and expansive to meet
the commercial wants of a highly-taxed and increasing
population."

The CHAIRMAN called upon Mr. Chapman to second
he resolution.

Mr. CHAPMAN did so briefly, expressing his entire
concurrence in the arguments of the preceding speaker.
He then observed—The resolution which has just been
moved says, " that the circulating medium in this
andeve
every
expansive."
?N Now
icsounnottrythiiss
anosterf.ffievciideenntlty
' there any farmer in this room who has only his farm to
fact to o
look to for support, who cannot verify the truth of this
assertion ?—(Hear.) Is not the complaint of the day
this, that there is so little money circulating ? And is
not this the very heart of the matter, the practical view
of the currency question, if we can prove that the pre-
sent currency-laws confine and reduce the circulating
medium ?—(Hear.) To prove that these laws have
this effect is for others to do ; but when we
see the hot Protectionist and the Free-trader,
the Conservative and the Whig, and, in short,
men of all grades of opinion, unanimous in
advocating the paper currency, it is, indeed,
a harbinger of our success.—(llear.) My father, who,
some o
i f you well know, has had half a century's experi-
ence, informs me that when the 11. notes were called in,
it made great havoc with the needy farmers, and also
farmers of property who had no ready money; for the
bankers would no longer accommodate the farmers; con-
sequently the thrashing machines were set to work, the
market was glutted with corn, prices were knocked
down, and were a long time ere they recovered; and
from this panic he thinks many of the farmers never re-
covered. The banks not giving them credit, their want
of ready money compelled them to go to market with
their corn immediately after harvest, and prices were
thus kept from rising; for this diminution of the paper in
circulation caused the farmer to got the work done as
quickly as possible, and then discharge his labourers, be-
cause he bad not ready money to pay them; this caused
distress among the labourers, and in many cases robbery
and incendiary fires were the consequence.—(Hear,
bear.) The laws which regulate money must surely have
some effect, and that a great effect, on the farmer,
for he takes the corn and cattle he has to spare to
market, and buys money with them; and if there is a ,
contracted currency, surely it must have a sadly depre-
ciating value on the farmer's produce; for if money is
short, his produce will purchase much less of it.—
(Hear.) In this point of view the currency question be-
comes a practical and a farmer's question, and one which
is easy of comprehension. What does it signify to the
farmer whether the money is silver, gold, or paper, so
long as he can get plenty of it—so long as a bit of paper
is a good and legal tender for the payments he has to
make?—(Hear.) Our legislators have not only made
money scarce by the operation of the Acts of 1819 and
1844, but have also passed a law which enables the
foreigner to send his corn here free of duty. We farmers
are therefore doubly injured —by a crippled cur-
rency and by a free trade in corn; for the enhanced
value of money is an aggravation of the depression
caused by free trade.—Were Mr. Chapman gave,
as an illustration of the safe working of a
paper currency under proper regulations, a his-
tory of the mode in which a new meat market
was built in Guernsey. The market cost 4,0001.—
notes to that amount were issued under the term

" Meat Market Money," circulating only in that island:
with these notes the contractor paid his men, and they
were readily taken from the men by the tradesmen; the
income derived the first year from the market was 4001.;
with this revenue, notes to that amount were redeemed;
the same in following years; and thus in ten years the
whole debt was paid off) Here we see the value of
paper money, whereas gold is in this country made the
ruler instead of the servant of trade and commerce, for
when we have no gold, no paper; no paper, no money;
no money, no trade. One word of digression, and
I have done; and that is, whether you pass your verdict
for a paper currency, or a gold standard, this I am sure
you will agree with, that none of the Popish coins chilli
ever circulate in this country—no figure of the Pope
shall over deface our coins, or enter our pc); kc ti; or any
of the Pontiff's tokens, be they Cardinals or Bishops;
but upon our coins shall be imprinted " Victoria, Dei
Gratia;" and we will be the free, the unfettered, the obe-
dient and loving subjects of the British Sovereign.—
(Applause and laughter.)
..The resolution was carried unanimously.

The CHAIRMAN now called on Mr. J. N. GIMsoN to
move the second resolution, in doing which that gen-
tleman thus explained his views on the meaning of the
word Currency :—The term
" ciroulating medium," is
one expressive of the medium or measure of value by

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. . 7± •
DECEMBER 4, 1850.

[PRICE SD.

which exchanges are made and purchases and sales ef-
fected. The article fixed upon as the standard or mea-
sure of value by which the comparative value of all
other articles is estimated varies in difierent countries.
In one it is gold; in another silver; in a third paper.
These come under the denomination of a money cir-
culating medium," but there are other representatives of
value besides these. Oxen have been by some nations,
in earlier periods, made the standard of value; at one pe-
riod, amongst the Greeks and Romans, iron was used;
and in one Emperor's reign, in order to prevent the love
of money and its consequences growing upon the people,
this money representative was made so cumbrous that the
people would not trouble themselves wits it: it is said to
have taken the strength of more than two oxen to move
200 pence worth ; and though the Roman people at
that time, end for a succession of ages, were the mo,,i
powerful nation upon earth, I do not recollect hearing or
reading that they over had a gold standard of value.
The reople of Virginia for a long time estimated the
value of articles by pounds of tobacco ; and Captain
Frauelin tells us the Krees Indians used beaver skins
as their medium of exchange, and estimate the value of
all other things by a certain number of them ; while in
some parts of Africa a species of shells, called cowries,
are used. I shall mention but one other substance
which has been used as a standard of value and a me-
dium of exchange by which the value of all other things
have been estimated—intrinsically more valuable than
all others put together, and that (I blush to name it)
is man himself in the person of the slave.—(Hear.)
There are but three of the articles I have mentioned
that are adapted to civilised and commercial nations as a
circulating medium, viz., gold and silver, and paper. The
question we have to consider is, which of three is best
adapted" to our Utells a highly civilised and commercial
people—which of the three is best calculated to represent
the industry and supply the wants of the people? Which
of the three is the true medium of exchange, giving us
value for value? In order to arrive at a conclusion, it will
be necessary to inquire into the practical working of
these different measures of value. Mark the word
" measures" of value; and though the two former are
intrinsically valuable in themselves, yet in this sense
they are only spoken of as a measure, or standard by
which the value of all natural and artificial productions
are estimated.—(Hear.) Now, all productions are the
result of labour, and that labour man is the originator
and worker-out of. It therefore follows, as a necessary
consequence, that a working population is the capital
and wealth of a kingdom.—(lleac, hear.) We will now
examine this question in reference to land and its pro-
ductions; for it is as farmers we are called together this
day to discuss it. There are four classes having an im-
mediate and direct interest in the land, viz., the land-
owner, the occupier, the clergy, and the poor; and upon
one of these classes the maintenance of the other three
mainly depends—l mean upon the cultivators of the soil
—the tenantry.—(hear.) It is more especially to their
interests I shall confine my observations. From 1688 to
1697 the average price of wheat was 21. 10s. Bd. per qr.
What occasioned this, at that time, enormous price, when
our population but little exceeded five-and-a-half
millions? It was a depreciated currency, occasioned by
clipping the coin; and though that mode of depreciation
was neither honourable nor justifiable, though one
which every thinking man would be sorry to see prac-
tised in the present day, still it serves to show that a
depreciated standard has a tendency to raise prices.
Silver was our standard coin then. There were three
things connected with the establishment of the Bank in

1694—the restoration of the standard (then a gold
and silver one) to the Mint price of 31. 17s. 100.
and ss. 2d. per oz.; the first creation of a paper currency
and the existence of a national debt. From that period
the price of corn fell to an average of 335. 3d. till 1764
(the first fruits of a restored standard), and from that
period to 1-84, it averaged 445. 7d. The reason for the
increased averages for the latter period was a depreciation
of the standard, and an increased paper issue. In 1792
(I quote Sir J. Grabam's " Corn and Currency") the
amount of Bank of England notes in circulation was
11,149,8091., and the average price of wheat 435.; in
1795, the issue had increased to 13,539,1634, and the
average price of wheat to 715.; and in the year follow-
ing, though the issue bad decreased to below eleven mil-
lions, yet the average rose to 765., the effect of the in-
creased issue of the previous year.—(Hear.) You will
here observe that the highest price of corn was at the
close of each of these centuries. And it strikes me as a
very remarkable fact, that they were both under revo-
lutionary wars—(Hear)—the former the English revolu-
tion from 1688 to 1697; the latter, the French revolution,
from about the same period. I have frequently heard it
said that " it was the war that created high prices and
national prosperity." But will any sane man believe
that " war—cruel, devastating, devouring war—that
scourge of humanity," could be the creator of wealth, the
cause of national prosperity.—(Bear.) No, no! Never
believe what God appointed for a nation's scourge can
ever be a nation's blessing!—(hear, hear.) In 1797,
the Government began to feel that expensive war and
a metallic standard were incompatible, and could not
exist together. The gold was nearly all drained out of
the country, and the Bank of Englund no longer able to
redeem its paper in specie; and to save its credit the
Government was obliged to interfere, and Mr. Pitt, the
then Prime Minister, introduced a measure known by
the name of the Bunk Restriction Act, by which the
Bank was relieved from the liability of paying its notes
in gold.—([fear.) Government took upon itself the
responsibility. Bank of England paper was made in-
convertible, and the issues were received back in taxes
and cancelled, It was this alteration of the currency that
saved the Bank, and not ocly the Bank but the nation
from inevitable ruin.—(Hear,) Now what was the effect
of this alteration of the circulating medium? It was this.
It gave a stimulus to industry; it developed the nation's
strength; it brought out the nation's wealth. Agricul-
ture, manufactures, and commerce flourished. Land-
lords received highly-increased rents; the working
classes were well paid, and employers realized good
profits; and though war continued, and Government de-
mands were enormous, yet the people of England were
enabled to lend their rulers 600,000,0001. of money.
And where did this money cams from?—(Hear, hear)—
out of the bones and sinews and brains of an industrious,
intelligent, and persevering people.—(Hear, hear.) I
have said it gave a stimulus to industry. Agriculture
advanced with rapid strides; immense sums were ex-
pended in the improvement of the land; from 1801 to
1820, no less than 1,677 inclosure Bills were passed,
while from 1820 to 1844 there were 358 only, though
agriculture had continued to progress in science, and our
population increased in England alone from 11,2614,37
in 1821, to 14,995,138 in 1841.—(Hear, hear.) Now
what was the cause of this great falling off ? Was
it that industry had exhausted itself ? that the people
had become indolent? No; it was the effect produced
by Peel's Bill of 1819. By this Act the Bank Re-
striction Act was annihilated, under which a debt of
600,000,000/. had been contracted under a depreci-
ated currency of at least 30 per cent. below the
standard fixed by this Bill.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.")
By this Act the Goeernment bound itself to pay 30
per cent. more in hard cash than it actually borrowed.
Now, was ever a grosser injustice perpetrated upon the
productive industry of a kingdom?—(Hear, hear.) And
by none of the industrial classes is this injustice felt
more than by the tenant-farmer.—(llear, hear.) This
enormous debt was contracted when the average price of
wheat was above 80s. per quarter ; it is true it was
under a paper currency; but by a resolution in Parlia-
ment in 1811 the 14 note was affirmed to be of 2us.
value, and as far as we were concerned it was so, for it
passed current and was received in taxes for 20s. (See
" Corn and Currency," p. 76.) Then eight bushels of
wheat represented an ounce of gold ; now it requires
sixteen—consequently requires sixteen to pay what eight
borrowed—both principal and interest!—(Hoar.) Can
it bo said that one is equivalent to the other? And not
only the debt, the interest of which cost us 27,702,8801.
10s. 6d. last year, but all other fixed payments are cal-
culated upon the same basis, and are required to be paid
upon the same standard. In 1815 the Corn Bill was
passed, in anticipation of retnrning to cash payments—
that is, in order to reconcile the landed interest to the
change, and protect them from the ruin in which a
gold standard and restricted currency would inevitably
involve all the other productive classes.—(Hear.) Now
this Corn Bill was to give the landed interest the mo-
nopoly of the English market up to 80s. a quarter; and
they blindly imagined this Act of Parliament prica was
to be realised, their rents to be maintained, and their in-
terests to suffer no diminution by the change.—(Hear.)
But how soon were their eyes opened! The diminution
of the circulating medians began to work its effects im-
mediately; prices fell rapidly; thousands of tenants were
ruined; and misery and destitution stalked through the
land. This, too, in 1815, 1816, and this only in anti-
cipation of a return to cash payments; and had it not
been for a renewal of the Bank Restriction Act, national
bankruptcy must have occurred.—(Hear.) The total
number of bankrurcies in 1815 were 1,285, and in 1816,
2,029. (See "Corn and Currency," page 36.) But how long
did this prosperity continue? In 1819, as I have said
before, Peel's Bill was passed, by which the ancient
standard of value was restored, viz., gold to Si. 17s.
10id. per oz., and gold only made the standard of
value—the highest standard a nation can possibly have,
and one which added 30 per cent, to our liabilities, and
deprived us of 50 per cent. of our means of payment.—
(Hear.) Witness iti effect in 1822, when it only came
into partial operation. In 1819 the money in circula-
tion was 49,064,2821., and the average price of wheat
745. 61. per quarter, or 11 s. 9d. less than it was in 1818,
and 225. .sci. less than in 1817; but in 1822 the circula-

-11ffitereasc of paper was issued; and the plague was
stayed—but only to break out again with increased
violence, and this occasioned by want of precaution on
the part of Government—for, in permitting this In-
. issue of paper, they neglected to re-enact the
Bank Restriction Act. The Bank, therefore, remained
liable to pay its notes in gold; so that, in the event of
the foreign exchanges being against us, the Bank would
be obliged in self-defence to contract its issues of paper,
not having gold wherewith to cash it on demand. In
1825 the demand of gold for exportation was con-
siderable; foreign exchanges were against us, and
4,417,0921. had been exported before the end
of January. The directors became alarmed,
and by sale of Exchequer-bills to the amount
of 670,0004, withdrew 3} per cent. of their
whole issues from circulation. Now, this sum does
not seen to be a great deal to be withdrawn; but mark
its effect. It showed a falling credit; money became
scarce; the country bankers, for want of accommodation,
became alarmed; a panic occurred; and a rush was made
to the banks, and ruin, irretrievable ruin, was the con-
sequence. Nor were the effects of this panic less rui-
nous to the agriculture, trade, and commerce c f the
country than it was to the banks. (Having quoted what
Sir James Graham save upon this convulatou in his
"Corn and Currency," pages 60 and 61, 31r. Gansu!'
continued.) Such were the consequences of u contracted
currency and gold standard in 1825 6 Under this
standard we still remain rivetted and secured by Peel's
13111 of 1844—labouring under greater difficulties, and
suffering under greater injustice, than we then expe-
rienced; for at that time we had the protection of a corn-
law—at least in appearance, though not in reality—
(Hear)—for it did not perform that which it promised to
do, VIZ , maintain wheat at 80a. per quarter. But it did
one thine. for us; it caused all our fixed payments to be
calculated and paid upon that price.—(llear.) The
corn-law is repealed—with what degree of justice I leave
others to determine—(Hear, hear)—our payments re-
main undiminished; and it takes more of a farmer's ca-
pital (corn) to pay his taxes now, than it did in the
highest year of taxation during the war, or at any time
either before or since.—(Hear, hear.) The highest
amount of taxes paid into the revenue was 72,210,512 in
1815, and it took 22,029,994 quarters of wheat to pay it
at 65g. 7d. per quarter; in 1849 the revenue was
52,951,749/., and it took 23,932,993 quasters of corn to
pay it, at 445. 3d. per quarter.—(Hear, hear.) See hpw
fully Sir J. Graham's predictions are verified.—(Hear,
hear.) Now, brother farmers, this state of things can-
not continue.—(Hear, hear.) We cannot feed the people
and pay the taxes entirely at our own cost and charges.
It we aro to continue occupiers of the soil, and main-
tain that station in society, as a class, we hare hitherto
occupied, we must either reduce our expenditure below
onr income, or we must raise our income above our ex-
penditure.—(Hear, hear.) One of these things must be
done, or we must be annihilated as a class. But we will
not submit without a struggle—(Hear)—we will not
expire without making an effort to pull down that false
standard under which we have so long struggled.—
(Rear, hear.) Let this be a year of jubilee, in which
the fettered industry of the country shall be set free, and
man be allowed to reap the just reward of his labour.—
(Applause.) When (I speak with reverence) the Al-
mighty pronounced the curse upon man in sin, it was
in these words—" In the sweat of thy brow shall thou
eat bread ;" but what says man, practically, to his fel-
low-man? " Tim shalt labour in the sweat of thy brow,
but thou shalt not be a partaker of the fruits of thy la-
hod; and though you are worthy of your hire, still it
shall be withheld."—(Hear.) I leave it with you, my
friends, to make the application. We have free trade in
corn—we must have free trade in money.—(Hear.) The
resolution I hold in my hand states, and I fully concur
in the statement—

" That a Government issue of paper, representing in
value 20s. and upwards, guaranteed by the national
taxes ; and also an issue of paper by local banks, repre-
senting in value 20s. and upwards, guaranteed by secu-
rities deposited with the Government, would greatly tend
to lighten the pressure of taxation, and increase legiti-
mately the prosperity of the productive industry of the
country."
A. measure of this kind would do much towards mitigat-
ing our suffering. It would make money, or the circu-
lating medium of a country, what it ought to be—a mea-
sure of value; the servant, not the master of commerce.
It would represent real capital—Labour, and become the
medium of exchange for the product of that labour of
whatever kind, giving value for value received, enabling
every industrious man to support himself and family in
ease and comfort by the labour of his hands, and giving
him opportunity of improving his social, moral, and
physical condition—thereby fitting him to fulfil all the
duties of life in that station in which it has pleased God
to place him.—(Applause.)
Mr. GOODE, of Heather, seconded tho resolution,
which was carried unanimously.
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN moved the third resolution, ad-
journing this meeting to the 22d of January, 1851.
During the interval he hoped his brother-farmers
would make themselves more intimately acquainted with
this and every other subject connected with their welfare.
Mr. MAYNE seconded the resolution ; before putting
which,

The CRAIRMAN observed, that he hoped the members
of the association would again have their attention
turned to the important topics which had occupied them
in the last session, and the discussion of which had ex-
cited so much interest throughout the country. —(Hear.)
The resolution was then carried unanimously; and
after a hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman fur the
steady invrest he manifested in the welfare and useful.
ness of the association, the meeting separated.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

APPOINTMENTS.

Lion 'teas reduced to 25,839,977 L, or nearly 50 per cent.,
ak.d the price of wheat to 445. 7d. per quarter—more than
cent. per cent. below its value in 1817.—(Hear.) Yet
we had 3,607,7171. more to pay in taxes in that year—
for the revenue, the prosluce of taxation, paid into the
Exchequer in 1817 was 52,055 9131., and in 1832
55,663,6501. Now, supposing this revenue to have been
paid in wheat, at the average price of each year—(%nd
"corn," according to Mr. Horner, "is the permanent
standard of value")—it would have required, in 1817,
10,472,406, and in 1822, 24,970,609 quarters of wheat,
to pv it. Now what effect had this increased taxa-
tion, with diminished means of payment upon the coun-
try? It convulsed it to its very centre.—(Hear.) Far-
mers without money, tradesmen without profit, and
labourers without employment; industry paralyzed, and
destitution and despair sat like a fiend upon the brow of
all the producing classes in the kingdom.--(llear.) But
the Government, seeing the direful effects this sudden
centraction of the currency occasioned, became alarmed;

Surgeon—Joseph Caldwell (1842), late of the ALP.
riner, to be Superintendent of the Lady Kennuway,
convict-ship.

Acting Master—W. S. Bouchier, to command the
Myrtle, steam-tender.

Clerks-Assistant—Alfred Whitten, to the Light•
ning, steam tender, at Woolwich.

Gunner—John Harris, (acting) boatswain; John
Inige Edward Lamb, to be acting.
The Russian officers of the corvette at Devonport
have been permitted to visit the dockyard.
Paymaster Balhechet (1821) died on Saturday
last, in his 66th year. He was formerly Lieutenant
of Royal Marines, and served at the reduction of the
Danish West Indian islands and capture of Hault-
poult, and acted as adjutant to the Marine battalion
at the reduction of Martinique and Guadeloupe.
Subsequently he was secretary to various flag-officers,
particularly to Sir W. Cochrane in the operations in
the Chesapeake, New Orleans, &c.
Hogue, 60, screw-ship, Captain M'Dougal, is now
alongside her hulk, the Blake, at Portsmouth, getting
ready for sea immediately. She is reported to be
ready by the 7th inst.
Phaeton, 50, Captain George Elliot, received bet
new foremast on Saturday, and on Monday was taken
into the angle dock for repair and caulking. Her port
quarter gallery bas been struck and much shaken by
a sea, and requires replacing. She will come out of
dock again next Saturday, and out of the basin on
Monday, and will soon after be ready for sea. She is
refitting her rigging in dock. A number of navel
men and others have visited this fine frigate, which
does so much credit to Mr. White, of Cowes, her
constructor, and Mr. Willcox, the master shipwright
of Deptford dockyard, under whose superintendence
she was laid down and built. No vessel has yet come
near her in sailing, especially in a wind.
Sprightly, steam-tender, Master Commander Allen,
sailed from Portsmouth for Plymouth yesterday,
taking about 50 supernumeraries for the Albion, 90 ;
these men were chiefly entered at Liverpool, and
were sent to Portsmouth through London. It would
have been a saving of time and expense had they
been sent via Bristol and Great Western Railway,
direct from Liverpool to Plymouth. The Sprightly
has also taken to Plymouth a carriage and some lug-
gage for Captain Rich, the superintendent of the
hospital.
Waterwitch, 8, Commander Quin, left St. Helena,
Oct. 23, for Ascension and Sierra Leone, to collect
the mails for England.
The Fisgard, flag-ship at Woolwich, was paid
of! yesterday and re-commissioned by Commodore
Henry Eden, superintendent of the dockyard. The
Black Eagle and the Lightning steam-vessels were paid
off at the same time, and on the Lightning being re-
commissioned by Master-Commander Petley, he was
ordered, with his officers and crew, to be borue on
the books of the Fisgard. The Black Eagle was pre-
viously borne on the books of the Fisgard, and still
continues attached to that vessel.

Lieutenant Penrose, C. Penrose, Royal Marines,
with twenty-five non-commissioned officers and men,
joined the Woolwich division on the Fisgard being
paid off; and Lieutenant Richard King Clarell, with
a similar number of non-commissioned officers of the
Royal Marines, joined on board the Fisgard, when
she was re-commissioned. A very great alteration
has also heen made in other respects with regard to
the re-commissioning of the Fisgard, as the whole of
the officers and crews of the vessels employed on the
surveying service on the coasts of England, Scotland,
and Ireland, and the packet-service, under Captain
William L. Sberingham, are to be borne on the books
of the Fisgard, instead of the Ocean, at Sheerness,
the Victory, at Portsmouth, the Impregnable, at De.
vonport, and the Ajax steam .guardship, at Cork.
The Agnes, hired barque, landed a cargo of Galli-
poli oil yesterday at this dockyard from Italy.
Post-Captain Wolff, Lieutenant E. Krieger, Lieu-
tenant Beck, and Lieutenant \V. Carstensen, officers
of the Danish navy, the former commander, and the
others serving on board the Geiser, war-steamer, at
present in the East India Docks at Blackwell, from
C3penhagen, visited Woolwich Dockyard to-day, and
were conducted all over the departments by Flag-
Lieutenant Gore. They also went on board the
Royal Albert, 120 guns, and remained some time in-
specting that vessel.
The Agamemnon, 80 guns, building, and to be
fitted with a screw4propeller with engines of 400-
horse power, has had two divisions of shipwrights
put lupon her during the present week, to forward
her works ; and, as the timbers are converted into
the requisite shape at the saw-mills, the forty-five
shipwrights employed upon her wilt make considerable
progress.
Lieutenant Robert Robertson, additional of the
Fisgard, in charge of the steam department afloat at
this dockyard, was paid off yesterday,, and re-appointed
to the same duty.
PLYMOUTH) DIONDAT.—IIer Maj city's troop-sh