The Sun.
London, England, 1868-05-12 00:00:00

711 E STATE TRIAL.

(Front the Anglo-American Times)
When we wrote last Friday we little anticipated
having again to write in ignorance of the result of
the
toblmetpheeacehm
4uszt ~,
thetrial.
m anlNh
4rgeart w 4
gealimagined proves
ii
olilti
and they 'are drowning the Senate and delug,iag
Washington with' the flood of their eloquence. The
Hon. Than. STEVENS earnestly'desires to- support
the Article of Impeachment, which he insisted upon
adding to the charges, and for this 'he craved an'
hour, alleging that " without some explanation of
that Article his position before the country would
be truly awful." The hour turns into a day, and
the time of the Assembly is wasted in needless argu-
ments, which convince no one and do no earthly
good. The only telegram this week referring to the
trial was dated Washington, May 2. The Mana-
gers had finished, and on Monday, the 4th instant,
Mr. BINGHAM was to close. No intelligence has
reached us of the time taken by this Manager ; but
we will be much surprised if the verdict is not
known in Europe by the time we go to press. A
tremendous pressure has been brought to bear upon
the doubtful Senators, COLE, FRELINGHUYSEN,
FESSENDEN, FOWLER, SPRAGUE, GRIMES, and
CORBETT, with three or four more whose spectacles
are so slightly coloured that all objects may not be
seen with the Republican hue. To get up a little
of the necessary dye, to wipe the eye, and clear the
sight of the oblique-visioned, Republicans of the
highest influence from many States, frien Is, home
companions, and relatives have been hurried up to
Washington, and the doubtful are subjected to a
style of treatment that might make them sigh
fur the peace and quiet of the grave. On one
side are imploring eyes; on the other, averted
heads ; before the Senator is an impassioned
friend, picturing the ruin of the country ; behind
him an influential Republican whispering in his ear
the great rewards that await the 'iouest and manly
discharge of his duty. It is now stated, with what
truth we know not, that the Senators will vote by
ballot. If so, those who go against what is pro-
nounced to be the party interest, will be unknown,
and the threats and coaxings alike defeated. Mr.
BOUTWELL'S speech occupied the greater part of two
days ; Judge NELSON'S was even longer ; General
LOGAN'S fills nearly 24 closely printed columns of
the Globe, and we may judge of the length of the
others by the time occupied. The order in which
both Managers and counsel were to speak was pre-
viously arranged, and we believe it has been strictly
adhered to. Mr. BOUTWELL'S address was delivered
from printed slips, Judge NELSON'S was for the
most part extempore, being merely aided by a few
manuscript notes. It was mainly devoted to the
personal character of Mr. JOHNSON, and the counsel
makes a strong point of his unfaltering defence of
the Union when other Southern Senators were false
to their allegiance, and what he had suffered for his
loyalty. Backing this argument, the Democratic
papers reprint an order of 1862 by a court in Knox-
ville, Tennessee, headed " Confederate States of
America," &c., confiscating "the estate of ANDREW
JOHNSON, an alien enemy." They contrast how he
adhered unfalteringly to his Union principles in
1862, and how he is treated by the Unionists in
1868. There is a remark in Mr. BOUTWELL'S ad-
dress that is not an inapt answer :—" He has one
rule of life : he attempts to use every man of power,
eapacity, or influence within his reach ; he attacks
to destroy all who will not become his instruments,
and all who become his instruments are destroyed
in the use." In truth, ANDREW JOHNSON loves
opposition ; he is essentially pugnacious ; if he found
men around him good he would be bad in opposition,
and we are half inclined to believe if he found all
men around him bad, he would be good out of pure
devilment. He has ability enough to make his op-
position felt ; and a man of his character could
scarcely fail to be a strong and unscrupulous oppo-
nent of the Confederacy when most around him
were its supporters, and go over to the rebels when
those around him were loyal. The PRESIDENT de-
sired Judge NELSON to speak, although this was
opposed by his counsel. A body like the Senate
is not to be influenced by Tennessee stump orators,'
and the able lawyers employed in the defence were
fully aware of the fact. Mr. NELSON endeavoured,
by impassioned gesture, to make up for his lack of
argument, and no doubt, in a field gathering, he
would have been a most effective speaker. But it
is considered on the whole that his speech was a
mistake. One portion of it excited much interest,
and Mr. CHASE was narrowly scanned to see the
effect on him. This was when he appealed to the
Chief Justice to charge the Senate upon the law
treating the Assembly merely as a jury, and assert-
ing his own position as a Judge. Not much is ex-
pected from General LOGAN'S address, but all
heartily congratulate themselves on the absence of
General BUTLER. The self-assertion of that gen-
tleman is one of the most remarkable facts elicited
by the trial. The man who could not take Fort
Fisher stood alone on the crowded 11 )or in the
highest, national assembly,, and bullied Judge,
jury, counsel, and witnesses, overcoming alike
all efforts of suppression by friend or foe.
He is a singular character this General BUTLER,
and is rapidly making a biography for the
amusement and instruction of posterity. Sur-
rounded by men of far greater talent and far more
legal knowledge, of a record pure and undefiled, it
is amazing to see what audacity can effect in giving
prominence to one individual. That the PRESIDENT
will be convicted is the general impression. What
we have all along said is what we have now to say,
that ANDREW JOHNSON undoubtedly broke a law,
and the Senate will merely have to decide whether
it was with a guilty intent, in which they cannot
fail to be influenced by expediency, and as four-
fifths of the Assembly believe it to be necessary for
the peace and wellbeing of the country that he

should be removed, and as they ca❑ legally remove
him, they certainly will do so. The Cabinet by
their acts show that they also hold this impression.
As we last week stated, Mr. SEWARD is sending off
his property to Auburn, and forty boxes have
already been dispatched. Mr. WELLES is dispatch-
ing his goods to Connecticut, and Mr. M'CuLLoclI
is following his example. Certificates of characters
are the documents on which the Ministers are at
present engaged for their weeping adherents now
about to. be thrown on the world, but the most
significantis Mr. JOHNSON'S own course, who
has not only packed off some of his baggage to
New York, but has chalked out for himself
another tour! and if Congress caught it in the
first, what will ANDREW JOHNSON say when
shaken clear of all restraint. We trust, however,
that nothing will induce him to use the great posi-
tion he has held as a means of raising scandal,
which could only have the effect of degrading him-
self and confirming the justice of the action of
Congress. We may here notice that an Appro-
priation Bill passed by the House for $lO,OOO ex-
penses of Impeachment, and $lO,OOO for the mis-
cellaneous expenses of the Senate, sanctioned by
the Senate, has gone to the PRESIDENT for ap-
proval, and will perhaps be the last which will
come before ANDREW JOHNSON, as President. His
withdrawal of the Hon. THO3IAS EWING'S name, as
Secretary of War, and his substitution of General
SCHOFIELD'S, has been variously interpreted. Many
consider it as an offer of the " olive branch" to the
Senate, intended to smooth away the difficulties
that would arise in a verdict of not guilty. SCHO-
FIELD, who commands the first military district, is
an officer of high character, well thought of by all
parties, and with no very pronounced political opi-
nions. In case the Senate's verdict, contrary to
expectation, should declare the PRESIDENT not
guilty, and record au act of political virtue as yet
unknown to the world, this appointment will re-
move LORENZO THOMAS and EDWIN STANTON, the
chief stumbling-blocks, and if Mr. JOHNSON be not,
in truth, mad, allow matters to run smoothly for
the remainder of his term. It appears to us to be
the only act dictated by good sense, which has
lately marked the PRESIDENT'S Administration.
The news last night was that the Senate Court
agreed on Thursday to adjourn till Monday, and
to take the final vote on Tuesday. This settles
the question of time, and we now know when to
expect the Verdict.

7HE MORAL OF THE DICKENS BANQUET

(From the Anglo-American 2 biles.)

" Bill, who's that queer un?'' " I don't know;
never saw un like that afore." " Let's 'eave 'elf a
brick at 'int !" Ignorance is the power that sends
the baked clay flying at the stranger, for it begets
prejudice, which begets hostility. ~.Irishmen ln
..California ter'.. Melbourne,
Chinese labotireis;', era". iiSta*.4= pd..so -ar&'l the.
the4sel.;teiw4'en,tie-hriUtround a Elirdpefin
fWtOrky,,aud ii/Ot -pariiiitadiethe.-" foreign:devils"'
;to cross "the bairler: Turkish, rabble at the:fie:etln'
of a Frank in Constantinople- throwing stones .and
curses, at the Christi at. dog another exa`niple.
To the mind of 'a handsoMeStranger an unpleasant.
question is suggested when he sees an alarmingly
ugly child running in fright from him. He flattered
himself that he was rather a pleasant, attractive-
looking fellow, and judging from appearances the
circle of the little imp's relatives could not be one
of beauty ; but in that lies the cause. The black
woolly-headed cub flies from what is strange, illus-
trating in its untrained nature an impulse which un-
derlies the better expressed and more courtly pre-
judices of the refined. Because a thing is strange
it is disagreeable, and henc3 arises the feeling that
impelled the little imp to run, or the English clod
"to 'cave 'alf a brick." If a brogue, the use of un-
accustomed words, or even an uncom:nou emphasis
on certain syllables, is enough to generate prejudice,
the different air, manner, mode of thought and of
expression, which arise even among kindred widely
separated, and in wholly changed circumstances,
cannot fail to caus3 mutual repulsion and dislike.
The only cure is frequent intercourse, which not
only makes what is strange familiar, but assimilates,
thus in a twofold way, destroying prejudice. When
DICKENS, 27 years ago, first landed in America, he
in common with his countrymen kaew far less of
Americans than is kaown now, and Americans
knew less of them. The dissimilarity between the
Old World anl the New was infinitely more marked,
and even DICKENS, with all his genius and discern-
ment, gave way to the impulse of "'caving more
than 'alf a brick "at the strangers. But with riper
years, greater knowledge, and better opportunities,
he has both discovered and corrected his mistake.
Perhaps he truthfully caricatured while not under-
standing what he saw, influenced by the dislike
generated from the unfamiliarity of all around. A
second visit has enabled him better to judge of the
structure whose builders he had satirised a quarter
of a century before. Now he sees the value and
beauty of the edifice, and learns that those engaged
in the work, however disagreeably to him soiled
with lime and mortar, had been well and usefully
employed. Now also he learns that with more
leisure to wash and be clean, in spite of the traces
of work so offensive to his European training, the
labourers not only display some remarkably fine
qualities, but a taste and culture of which he had no
previous conception. When people commence
an acquaintance by heaving bricks at each
other, they do not pursUe the best means of
overcoming a natural antipathy, but, on the con-
trary, their acts tend to confirm the dislike. In
dealing with each other the kindred nations should
make ample allowance for the prejudice to which
we have alluded. Being the child of ignorance, it
is most strongly developed in the gross and vulgar,
and people must always expect to meet on their
travels a large number, of such. It is a remarkable
characteristic of those most strongly imbued with
prejudice that instead of endeavouring to learn any-
thing of the object against which they are thus
biassed, they do exactly the reverse, putting aside
all means of information and avoiding all contact.
In one breath they harshly criticise and in the next
scorn and refuse all knowledge. " Strange, indeed, is
it to hear confident and disagreeable criticisms on
the American character and national spirit by per-
sons who have never crossed the Atlantic, and had
made up their minds not to do so on any account."
These are the words of the Times in commenting
on the great banquet given by the members of the
Kmerican 'Press- to CHARLES DICKENS in New
York.

It is marvellous to see the rapidity with which
the prejudice between the kindred nations is break-
ring down, and it is gratifying to us to think that in
our small way we have helped in this good work.
That dinner was the happiest expression of the
change yet given. The speeches far surpassed in
eloquence those ordinarily heard on such occasions.
Mr. DICKENS'S was one that well became the great
author and the great nation for whom he spoke. What
a recantation was conveyedin these words—" Wher-
ever I have been in the smallest places equally with
the largest, I have been received with unsurpass-
able politeness, delicacy, and sweet temper, hospi-
tality, consideration, and with unsurpassable re-
spect for the privacy daily enforced upon me by
the nature of my avocation here and the state of
my health." Ile announced his intention to append
this statement to every future copy of his two bloks
referring to America, " as an act of plain justice
and honour." In speaking of Americans in Eng-
land, he alluded to the absurdity of supposing they
were regarded as foreigners ; and, singular as it may
appear, it is the truth of 'this Which has tended so
much to sharpen the *prejudice which doubtless has
existed. Those who speak a different language c
in-
not arouse the prejudice caused by pronunciation,
expression, and mode of thought. Men whose lan-
guage totally differs are regarded as foreigners, and
a prejudiced JOHN Bum, treats such with simple
contempt. In the A•nerican, however, he meets a
man who asserts his superiority ia BULL'S own lan-
guage, and JOHN is curried down against the grain.
The narrowness that makes the colliers of Lanca-
shire actually speak of those brought into their
county from Staffordshire as foreigners—that sepa-
rated Great Britain into the three strongly-marked
divisionsof English, Scotch, and Welsh, is not likely
in the first instance to be soothed by a contact
with those who in the mother tongue boldly assert

the decreptitude of the old country, and the vigour,
youth, and manhood of the nr.v. Bat if the kin-
ship—so long as the peoples were strange to each
other idled to, rather than detracted from the
dislike—as their minds opened and their views
grew broader, it helped to facilitate a change. There
is no doubt that more just notions of the work
dlotted to the Anglo-Saxon race are taking hold of
the minds of the English-speaking peoples. Rivalry
and hostility be ween the race in America and in
Europe is unspeakable folly, and both sections are
beginning to recognize this truth. They see that
everything is to be gained by union—that every-
thing is to be lost by enmity—that they have no
clashing interests whatever, but, on the contrary, that
their interests are identical. In DICKENS'S words
It rests with them jointly to uphold the grea'.
Anglo-Saxon race." It would be vastly more im-
portant if all nations could be joined in the brother-
hood ; but this cannot be, at least, for centuries.
Failing that, the next best thing is to join in a
brotherhood the two most powerful nations—the
one with a great history past, the other with a great
history to come. Not only can this be accomplished,
but we maintain that the natural tendency is
towards such a fusion. Material circumstances have
immensely favoured it within the period of Dic KENS'S
visits. The telegraph and steam bring the countries
together. Thought is interchanged instantane-
ously, and persons and property travel so rapidly,
that thousands of miles, in effect, dwindle to hun-
dreds. What men have to do is to suppress preju-
dice, and to get the masses to regard that man as an
enemy to society, who endeavours to sow the seeds
of discord. If Irishmen could but be conciliated,
if they would but cease to give expression to
their senseless hate, the "barrier would be broken
down, and the most desirable object on earth
achieved. Hitherto we have had numerous leaders
of English thought playing into the hands of the
bitterest enemies of their country, and alienating
that great people who, themselves following suit,
have reacted on the mother country, both giving
way to that aimless dislike, which is but increased
by the brick-heaving process. If there be one trait
more marked than another in the American mind,
it is a generosity which is absolutely noble in its
forgiveness. This is the feeling which seems most
strongly to have affected CHARLES DICKENS, who has
been in truth overpowered by it ; and it receives a
further illustration, in the way Americans are in-
clined to forget England's conduct during the civil
war. What makes it the more difficult to sink that
conduct in oblivion is the impossibility of showing to
the average Englishman what the injury was. If
he really could understand and see it from the
American stand-point, he would lose no time in
making reparation, but in his blindness—he is un-
just. Mr. GREELEY was happy and graceful in his
remarks ; Mr. RAYMOND, impressive in his do-
.quence; Mr. HURLITURT, genial in his humour ; Mr.
','NORt9N eloquent and just, in touching on the rela-
-:tintis lietWeen Ehgland and America; but the speech
,a fthceveriingwvlsthatof Mr. Cr. W. CURTIS, who gave
the.anost forcible expression to the feeling of his class
--that is, of educated Amercans ; and when he sat
down Mr. DICKENS whispered to the person next
"he is one of the best, if not the very
best; speaker I ever heard." Unfortunately, there
were many prominent and influential journalists
absent, but this was chiefly due to local differences
and jealousies. Even to the ship the goodwill of
the people followed him. The Russia was crowded
with the most eminent Americans ; Mr. DICKENS'S
state-room was adorned with flowers, ladies carrying
beautiful bouquets met him, and the vessel got under
way amidst the cheers and the kindly farewells of
the most distinguished in the United States. Yet,
a little more than six months ago, a near relation
of Mr. DOLBY expressed his anxiety about the re-
ception DICKENS would meet if he trusted himself
in America, and his pioneer was sent forward to
learn if the numerous invitations he had received
were wishes merely of a section, which might be
overwhelmed by a national sentiment of uuforgiven
injury. Even the doubt showed how much he had
to learn, and he frankly confessed how complete in
her generosity and amiability had been COLUM-
BIA'S conquest.

AMERICAN ALI RIVETS.

(Front 3fessrs.Beldiag, Keith, and Co.'s Circular.)
NEW YORK, April 24.
The Financial Chronicle of this date, refers to th© mar-
kets as follows:

THE MONEY M —TIM bank statement of last
Saturday was less favourable than was expected. The
deposits showed an increase of $1,980,643, but this was set
off by an addition of $1,881,000 to the loans and discounts ;
while the legal tenders exhibited a loss of $1,118,000.
These figures, however, rather reflected the course of
affairs at the beginning of the week, when the Treasury was
selling gold to a largo extent, than the position at the
close.

The fact of the Treasury having suspended its sales of
coin for a few days, and its showing more disposition to
buy Seven-Thirties, had a favourable effect upon confi-
dence among the banks, and indeed a freer use of balances.
Moreover, there is a steady flow of remittances front the
interior, so that the banks are now steadily gaining in
funds. The stringency in money has now spent its force,
and call borrowers find no difficulty in supplying their
wants at 7 per cent.
Discounts also are easier. There is not any large
amount of first class paper on the market, the merchants
being apparently intent upon a short time business ; and
the banks are accommodating their mercantile customers
more freely, and are also buying a moderate amount of
paper from the dealers. On the street, prime names pass
at 7to 9 per cent.; second rate names are little waLted,
and can be negotiated only at high rates, for there is not
a healthy confidence in any except the best-known names.
Ono year ago prime commercial paper was current at t
to 7 per cont. ; and call loans ranged at 4 to 6 per cent.
The following are the quotations for loans of various
lasses :

Per cent.
... ... 7 to

Call loans ...

... ... ... ___ ___
Loans on bonds and mortgages ... to 7
Prime endorsed bills, two months ... 7to
Good endorsed bills, three and four
months ... ... ... ... ... 7 to 9
Ditto single names ... ... ... —to 10
Lower grades ... ... ... ... —to

UNITED STATES SECDRITIES.—The upward tendency in
Governments noted in our last has been continued this
week, and prices are now about 1 per cent. above our last
quotations. As usual at this season there is a steady in-
vestment demand ; and the payment of the May coupons
amounting to $25,000,000 raises the expectation of a de-
mand for the employment of interest. Moreover, the grow-
ing ease in the money market makes it easier for dealers
to carry a full stock of securities ; while the purchases of
Seven-Thirties by the Government diminishes the supply
on the market. The upward tendency in gold has caused
a firmer market for the exportable bonds ; on Wednesday
the price of gold touched 1401, and Sixty-Twos rose to
1121- in sympathy ; but to-day, gold being 1} lower, the
bonds have fallen to 1111. It is not generally anticipated
that any important amount of bonds will bo sent to
Europe, in return for coupons, the market there being ap-
parently well supplied ; this, however, must very much
depend upon the price of gold.
There has been some talk of a probability that the Se-
cretary of the Treasury will issue the balance of a few
millions of Ten-Forties in exchange for Seven-Thirties;
but, so far as we can learn, there is no official authority
for the proposal. it is supposed, apparently on good
authority, that the Treasury will soon be prepared to offer
a Five-Twenty bond dated July 1, 1868, in exchange for
the outstanding balance of Seven-Thirty notes.
At present Governments range 1 to 4 per cent. above
those of a year ago, when money was easier than now, as
will appear from the following comparison :
April 24, 1868. April 26, 1867.
United States 6's, 1881 113 ... 1091:
77 5-20 s, 1862 1114 ... 110
5-20 s, 1864 110 ... 1081
5-20 s, 1865 1101 ... 109
If 5-20 s, 1865, new 108 f ... 1071
f, 10-40 s 102; ... 98k
7-30 s, 2d issue ... 107 ... 105
The following are the closing prices of leading securi-
ties, compared with preceding weeks :
Apr. 9 Apr. 17 Apr. 21
U. S. 6's, 1881 coupons ll2- 1121- 113
U. S. 5-20'8,4862 coupons - mi
U. S. 5-20's, 1861
U. S. 5-2,+'s 1865
U. S. 5-20's, 1865, N. iss.
U. 8. 5-20's, 1867, c.
U. S. 10-40's
U. S. 7-30's 21 Series
U. S. 7-30's 3rd Series

RAILROAD AND MISCELLANEOUS STOCKS.—Tho passage
of the Erie Bill by the Legislature and its becoming.law
by the Governor's signature has boon the controlling event
of the week in the stock market. The event appears to
have been construed as favcurable to the Vanderbilt
interest, although the act in some particulars appears to
have boon directly framed for crippling his schemes. Now
York Central has advanced from 112, our last quotation,
to 125 yesterday; Hudson River from 125 to 135, and
Cleveland and Toledo from 101-1 to 10-1. Erie has not ad-
vanced proportionately ; the facts of a difference- of policy
among the directors, and of the litigation being continued,
having a tendency to keep the stock unsettled. The price

has fluctuated between G - and 72. The fact of Nov
York Central being very largely oversold, while it was
known that Mr Vanderbilt's friends hell mast of the
stock, has no doubt contributed very materially to the ad-
vance in its price.

The general list has been more active and higher, in
sympathy with the rise in the stocks alluded to. Rock
Island has fluctuated somewhat widely, first of all advanc-
ing to 95 in consequence of a decision which virtually re-
moves the injunction upon the directors as to the use of
the funds, and then falling back G to 7 per cent. upon sub-
sequent legal proceedings.

A variety of reports are in circulation as to the position
of Erie affairs, and it is difficult to ascertain the truth as to
the situation; from all we are able to learn, however, the
following are probably about the facts of the case : Mr•
Drew appears to have come to an understanding with
Mr. Vanderbilt with respect to a future joint policy.
In pursuance of this policy, whatever it may be, Mr.
Drew recently attempted to effect the removal of the Erie
funds from a bank iu Jersey City to New York, under his
own custody. Mr. Eldridge, becoming aware of the at-
tempt, caused the funds to be detained, and construing Mr.
Drew's act into a course of co-operat'on with the Vander-
bilt iut3rest, the friends of President Eldridge combined
for the purpose of displacing Mr. Drew from the treasurer-
ship and substituting Mr. Jay Gould. At a meeting of
the directors held yesteriay, the attempt at removal was
made, but failed from the lack of an adequate majority. It
thus appears quite likely that Mr. Drew has a majority
in the direction, prepared to support him in a combination
with Mr. Vanderbilt. This evening Mr. Drew appeared
on Broad-street after board hours, and his appearance
being construed as an indication that ho had taken the
course above indicated, the price of Erie advanced froin
GBi to 70i.