The Sun.
London, England, 1844-04-29 00:00:00

S ro 15, v r Iv? 4.1%
n 431
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AND

ittbltc eptitton.

" Who runs may read."

rortmxGaa.
,sThe object of Louis Philippe's visit to Dreux was to pre-
qUe.personally over the placing of the coffins of the deceased
members of his family in the tombs destined for them in the
'suit of the new buildings of the chapel. At half-past ten
.1.11 Tuesday, a grand mass was celebrated by the Bishop of
Morocco. The mortal remains of the Duke of Orleans and
the
Princess Marie were then deposited in their final resting-
-ILiaa, Is• On Wednesday his Majesty visited, in all their de-
Zia% the chapel, the château, and the new house built for
W jaa Bishop of Morocco. After breakfast and performance of
mass, the King set out on his return to Paris, at twenty
:mutes past twelve. A man in the crowd having shouted
Vice /e Rol ! Viva mon ancien Colonel!" the King ordered
'l:us of his aides-de-camp to make inquiries, and the man
Vrying proved that he had served in the regiment of which
'l3 Majesty was Colonel, he made him a liberal gratuity."
The Duchess of Kent arrived at the Tuileries on Wednes-
day afternoon at three o'clock. The King's carriages were
'waiting in the morning at St. Denis for the Duchess and her
suite. Her Royal Highness was accompanied on her entering
Iris by the Count de Strada, the King's equerry. She will
c,°e4ll,ey during her stay the apartments
Herausully occupied by
`,°.itit.tg and Queen of the Belgians. Royal Highness
"rut visit Versailles, Fontainebleau, and the other Royal
Palaces before she leaves France. A grand dinner in honour
of her visit will be given at the Trianon, and on the 2d of
IlaY there will be a concert at Court. On Friday she re-
Vved the diplomatic corps in the Salle du Trone. Her
ilaYal Highness had with her the Queen, the Duke de
eniallre, and Madame Adelaide.
the Prince de Joinville arrived at Havre on Wednesday
thhe Pluton steamer, and left on the same day at noon by
e Seine steamer for Rouen, where his Royal Highness
ale t, and arrived in Paris on Friday by the railroad.
The Journal des Chemins de. Fer says :—"We learn from
rsiafts, who appear to be well informed, that an offer has
n made to the Government, by an Anglo-French Coin-
Itslll3', for the execution of the line of railway from Lyons to
F which, if
Ylgll.on. We have no doubt that a proposition, the result
accepted, would be the completion of the entire
:servedln the North Sea to the Mediterranean, will be well
Particularly by the Government, the Chambers, and the public,
execute the if"
we are assured, this Company offers to
On Sat e Ana'a without calling for assistance from the State."
?enc.,
stauruity accounts were received at Paris, from Flo-
FOB3O
1. ting the death of the venerable Count Vittorio
d literary
over 7,1 6rani, who has for so long a series of years presided
guishe e affairs of Tuscany. The Noble Count was a distin-
C ht and scientific scholar, and although in his
,g Y-nintli year, was in the full enjoyment of all his facul-
ties to the hour his death.
A Frankfort journal states that the reigning Prince of Saxe
Ducal
Gotha is in future to be called Highness, instead of
4.l„._acal Highness, and that the Duke of Nassau has, in con-
"'Pence of his marriage with an Imperial Princess of Russia,
applied to the German Powers to be. authorised to assume
the title of Royal Highness. It was not supposed that the
request would be complied with.

cotrAT—P.ASHIONABLE.
Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, ac-
entn_Panied bv the infant Royal family, contemplate paying
„
:visit to the Isle of Wight at an early period in the et suing
month. The sojourn of the Court at Osborne House is not
eaPected to exceed more than a week or ten days. The re-
tinue will be unusually small.
The Duchess of Kent is travelling under the title of
countess of Dublin, the Earl of Dublin having been one of
the titles of his late Boyal Highness the Duke of Kent.
Their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians pur-
v'ea, leaving this country on Tuesday or Wednesday next.
'els Excellency Count de St. Aulaire gives a grand ban-
es, on Wednesday next, to the Duke of Wellington, Sir
lbert Peel, Earl of Aberdeen, and the leading members of
teGvernment, and also to the principal members of the
iplanzatique, in honour of the fête day of the King of
„t'a French. It is to be a full-dress party. On the following
let the Countess has a grand ball in further celebration of
Pieious event, for which, it is said, 500 cards of melonin-
,, have been circulated.
the Duchess of Leeds has arrived at the Clarendon Hotel
tkrat,Zernby Castle, Yorkshire. The Duke is expected to
bans for the Hague early in June, on his annual visit to
gflajesty the King of Holland, during the meeting of the
Irang or Falconry Club in the Dutch capital.
kr Duke of Devonshire entertained a distinguished party
eiafter on Friday last, at Devonshire House. A select
17, assembled after dinner.
7)." Earl and Countess of Shannon are expected to arrive
liorart's Hotel, on Wednesday, from Castle Martyr, the
Tile Earl's seat, in Ireland.
for o e Earl and Countess of Erroll left London on Saturday
oftil)lains Castle North Britain to prepare for the celebration
Lome "ming of, age of Lord Kilmarnock, on the 3d of May. I
1p and Lady Erroll intend remaining in Scotland till late
4, autumn.
=Ltd zi and Lady Farnham, Baron and Baroness Dimsdale
Poeisses Dirrisdale, Sir William and Lady. Foulis and Miss
Itorrtexia: Mademoiselle D'Este, &c., have arrived at Mivart's
rd Rokeby, at his recent audit of his Northumberland
taittertyt made a return of ten per cent. to his tenants gene-
fth • The Noble Lord is still abroad for the benefit of his
Lad Y Caroline Barrington, after a lengthened visit to
town.Ltud Countess Grey, at Howick Hall, has returned to
tele r
Th renci; Ambassador and Countess de St. Aulaire had a
tr4bc. ,
.t circle to tlinner, on Saturday evening, at the French
.BSy.

The Mix4CIEMIGANEotTS.
the Private view of the 40th exhibition of the pictures by
*,yociety of Water-colours took place on Saturday, and
attended by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Marquises
low°lll,lampton, Aylesbury and Marchioness; Earls Brown-
Je vn, Powis, and Wilton ; Countesses
Bro plow,Mansfiecd, and Powis, and Dowager Morley;
h„l,°Ps of London Winchester ard Lichfield; 'Viscounts
ln,lea and Alfo;d; Ladies 'Chelsea, Marianne Alford,
410'0°0e, and Mary Wood; Lords Colborne, Prudhoe, and
IN' Russell; A. Peel, Sir M. Shee, Sir T. Acland; and
.41"lany artists of
.eminence, &c.
It 0 meeting of artists took place on Saturday
divot at IWeriluilis's-rooms, to take into consideration the recent
lbai,°°eTY of the Government as to the illegality of the art-
that u' and the best course to be adopted in consequence of
soke'llecovery. Mr. Wyse was called to the chair, and after
toils ,scusslon it was unanimously resolved to present etr-
rolc to the /louses of Parliament, praying them to adopt
the Aktn,easul'es am will place on a true and. permanent basis
kocinetrisLe-saUtunridon of London and all other similarly constituted
anniversary fete in
sl")
tt
evo
dir
tt
eno tha 3; everting the seventy-first _
e 41148 of the Highland School Society tr,lielarge room of the London Tavern, with unusual
liberality the Part of the Society, and with the accustomed
guineas
of proprietors of the tavern. Among the sub-
guinea, were her Majesty, 50/. ; the Queen Doitager, 10
ektleh:,, the Duke of Cambridge, 20/. ; the Duchess of Buc-
lieqja,.2sl., the Chairman, a second donation of 10 guineas;
Eaq Taieneat Cabbell, Esq., 10 guineas ; Hugh Maclean,
Jamaica sdut3,,
plaatiae a Master in Chancery in Spanish Town,
by the estate) a legacy of 1,000/. ; Mr.
~,,1,6(07.8t, two guineas. The gross amount was upwards
Itn'iteerlLZie?tY the Queen-Dowager will honour the perform
ilet,t4Ane,,sent Music on Wednesday evening with her pre-
Ck.;,i Earl ,Tlowe (the director) has engaged Madame
41;1 °1 Allan, Miss Marshall, and Miss Dolby, Signor
Coadualessrs. Beesnett, Barnby, Chapman, and Machin.
h,:ci_r, Sir H. H. Dishop.
4kest,, 'uartists have 1,,1en holding a Convention at Mari-
4ittie:s during the past foi!night, but have adjourned their
~eatig"aring_prev_iously re..colved to hold their next Con-
at Leeds Th busineil of their last Convention
tlae • g e'sation of the " National Charter
tiper7.4loe,,,
is and Cheer
hre aanpl ointment of missionaries to agitate
toiatscop*, toyte, hamlet', and village in favour of the " six
the Charter."

Titp
-LATE GREAT CHESS MATCH
„It `'h-r. WEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND.
iqtt the been suggested by the French champion
flglish amateur, Mr. Staunton, in his proposals,
},TDose'i ng match of chess with any player in Europe, had
ta• t, ,-„s` conditions which he knew would be unacceptable to
▪ 1„--,r countryman instantly published the following
•-"" spirited challenge addressed to M. St. Amant him-
Cg
""ttNGE FROM MR. STAUNTON TO M. ST.
AMAto.T.
he ci :!ar Sir,—Your reply my "Proposals" reaches me
ky,• ejnoizerit when the forthcoming Number of The Chess
totttlii' (Art:nide is at press. This. circumstance will
.ac-
-2l °at and excuse the brevity of the present communication.
eie4elletnge, twos
the terms of which you have taken so
general one and its conditions, how-
ht4l44llltioitavtetallersi naeN--eeruebe so nicely shaped that they
the wishes and cunvenience of every
ktpldlittl,,..t They twill not do so, it would seem, with yours.
btion" 'Lem, then altogether out of sight ori the present
wi,-;;, regard' g, l the impatience which you express,
211 co I feel, ulf
oan yother match, and the assurance you
-41ouTvea ofyoourr being in London this spring, I have the
, I will.° submit-for your oatio another " defi.".l
*,,ge *angage upon your arrival in London to play you at
tn'tntrto„-e°rge's Chess Club a match of twenty-five, of
t),t,io/L' of eleven, of seven, or of five gmes, at your
any stake not less than 100/. sterling.a
games shall be played at your own appointed days
1,,111111.
1,,,,(14t8 -11ndertake to play every day, or alternate days, or
f:„e,ek, as you may arrange, under the penalty of one
o will each omission.
ball I• )"
t Pee that the maximum time allotted for each move
'e, or fifteen, or twenty, or twenty-five, or thirty
licb,a, at
Your pleasure ; and that either party exceeding
tThe-11tirne shall on every occasion be fined a guinea.
iok, deterh shall also be played in public or private as you
; and, finally, will consent that in each game
•Otet,jers shall on their first move play king's pawn two
.---/lelieve me truly yours,
TO 4t.
JAMES STAUNTON.
at' lanant, editor of Le Palamede.
to,

----. -_
b'llrh''VellivrAßlC LITERARY INSTITUTION.—On Friday
tkre—ne Itast Mr. Rumball, the phrenologist, delivered a lec-
-1444 vixte.t7: " Pella • of M merism " wherein he attempted
- tett-- the wholeseleys e esto be one of delusion or fraud,
Ivlthrip,l4ettl:i:ed, at cs-onstsidnierable length, sundry means
.by
n. • 11r..., r the other could be detected.
_At the conclusion
k,,,k).74e8, the mesmeric lecturer, opened up a battery on-
-4141.711elogical
.n, and read several of his
N •o4Ln be ewsg entlema
bl 4 npapers, in refutation of what be hadpara. that
t 44 4.uvanced, but as personality was most unqi_stefu.llcy.
•lirt :. with the discussion we forbear comment. The le
c,\r:,nt off very well, but'the attendance was very small.
'01.1,%/1--4' OF Ta:g EMPEROR OF RUSSIA. TO THIS
14
El---Tbe a uroaching visit of his Imperial Majesty
Ipekb Peror of Russia to this country, which it may be r(.31-1
:4114rerthecle Was first announced in the MorningPo
4! IN . Present season the most splendid which
ne_u-
sth'aswolc-
itill since the visitofthe Allied Sovereigns, at the co l
iiik of since
fo kOlp ...,e war, in 1814. The nobility and gentry are daily
rh - ... the metropolis end the house-agents are seeking.e
Ivill be in every direCtion. liis Imperial Majesty, who
44(14% attended by several members of his Illustrious house,
41)411,1111raerous retinue will occupy the splendid suite of
e(/rore-eent4 in St. James''s Palace. Preparations are already
41ao ...IN at the Palace for his Majesty's reception, ar-
tocik,;:oe mansions of the leading members of the s
1414
lillemagnificencear
Who will vie with each other in the
Lt ?dour of the fetes which they will give in honour
"11l b 41Perial Majesty's visit. It is understood that there
ou Rle
everilliant display of fireworks in Trafalgar-square
214111pning of the day on which his Majesty arrives.—
e °lt
kliffer hear that Sir James Duke, M.P., continu's to
Ititi a°
1 , tie
6 ill 1 relY from an attack of rheumatism, that some
411414 4telY ve
thitie3. to el apse before he will be able to attend to his

THE LONDON DISTRICT POST-

OFF/( .4=

The clivnges in the London date twopenny post)
office were on Saturday last officially announced. Provision
is made for ten deliveries of London local letters daily.
There are at present seven, and the alteration, it will be
perceived, has the effect of making an hourly delivery .of
letters between the hours of one, P.M., and six, roar., in-
clusive. The following is a copy of the notice issued to the
various receivers throughout town

" London District Post-office.

"On and from the first of May (Wednesday next) there
will be ten deliveries of letters in London daily, and the dis-
patches will be made from this office at the following hours :
MORNING. AFTERNOON.
8, 10, and 12, A.M. l, 2,3, 4,5, 6, and 8, P.M.
" By this alteration letters for the country districts posted
before three o'clock, P.M. will be delivered the same even-
ing : and those posted before five o'clock will be delivered
within a circle of six miles from the General Post-office the
same night. Letters for the last delivery ought to be posted
before six o'clock, and this delivery includes all places within
a circle of three miles from the General Post. office.

" N.B. Letters for the first delivery in the morning muss
be posted before eight o'clock the previous night.
" ROBERT SMITH Superintending President."

To carry out the alteration announced above, 160 letter-
carriers have been appointed, besides several other officers.
The additional cost to the establishment is estimated at about
8,5001. per annum. The total cost of district post letter-
carriers alone employed in delivering letters in the metro-
polis is over 20,0001. per annum.

IRELAND.
THE STATE TRIALS.-SECOND DAY.

Dumm, Arm. 26.—Mr. WHITESIDE resumed his argu-
ment at half-past one o'clock yesterday morning. He com-
menced by adverting to the Chief Justice's charge. The
Learned Gentleman, after referring at some 'length to the
evidence permitted by the Lord Chief Justice to be sent to
the jury with respect to the assembling the repeal meetings,
and their illegality, proceeded to say :—lt made not the least
difference whether a meeting was convened magisterially or
not. The evidence received was irrelevant, and wholly at
variance with the question under consideration, because the
meetings were convened by the Association, and not magis
terially, therefore the place in which they were uttered was
very different from that referred to in Home Tooke's case;
arid the fact of Mr. O'Connell having all his life adhered to
the same principle which he professed before the unicai was
a strong fact which should have been noticed in his favour.
Upon the ground of misdirection he submitted a case had
been made out upon this application for a new trial.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL rose and said, that he wished to
take the opinion of the Court as to the course to be pursued
with respect to this motion. Eight notices had been served ;
and it was for the Court to say what number of counsel
should be heard for the traversers, but he did contend for it,
that every one of those notices should be opened before the
Crown was called on to reply. Those actin4 for the Crown
did not desire any unnecessary delay, and he (the Attorney-
General) required that the several notices should have been
opened by such number of counsel as the Court might decide
upon, before the Crown replied to the objections. After the
Crown would have been heard, other counsel might be heard
for the traversers, the Crown, however, having the last
reply.
Judge Bumrox—What is said to this?

Mr.-HENN, Q.C., should have been disposed to contend
that the Crown ought not to have the final reply, especially
in a new trial motion ; but he was afraid their Lordships en-
tertained too decided an opinion upon the subject. It ap-
peared that there were four classes of notices, one relating to
the cases of Messrs. O'Connell and Steele, another to Dr.
Gray and Messrs. Barrett and Ray ; a third to Mr. Duffy, and
a fourth to Mr. Tierney ; and there being those four classes,
each of those notices could be opened by a separate counsel ;
and the Crown having then spoken, the traversers could
reply by ibur more counsel.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—After the Solicitor-General and
I have spoken, the counsel for Messrs. John O'Connell, Ray,
Duffy, and Tierney, will have an oppurtunity of being heard,
prior to the final reply of the Crown.
Mr. HATCHELL, on the part of Mr. Ray—l have a motion
to make to your Lordships, to the effect that a new trial be•
granted. The Learned Counsel continued to address the
Court for a considerable length of time, minutely discussing
the bearing of the law and the Judge's charge upon his client's
case, and at six o'clock terminated his address by stating his
opinion that their Lordships would be inclined to submit
to any inconvenience, even the terror of another trial like the
present, sooner than justice should not be done, and the ac-
cused denied the benefit of the law. Mr. Hatchell then re-
sumed his seat, and the Court adjourned till half-past ten
o'clock to-morrow morning.
SATURDAY.—THIRD DAY.

The Court sat this morning at eleven o'clock, when
Mr. MOORE., Q.C., proceeded to address their Lordships
on behalf of the Rev. Mr. Tierney. He had to move their
Lordships to grant a new trial, and to set aside the verdict
obtained in this case. The verdict returned was not sus-
tained by the evidence of the case, and also there was a mis-
direction in the charge delivered by the Lord Chief Justice
to the Jury. The charge against Mr. Tierney was that he
had joined a conspiracy already formed, and they could not
prove his having joined a conspiracy by fixing the acts of
others done before he had any connection with them.
Mr. O'HAGAN was counsel for Mr. Duffy, and it was his
duty, on that gentleman's behalf, to move for a new trial.
He contended that evidence had been improperly admitted
which should have been rejected; next, because the evidence
in his behalf was not properly laid before the jury; next, that
the charge of the Learned Judge was objectionable, by reason
of misdirection ; and, finally, that the evidence did not sus-
tain the verdict.

The SOLICITOR-GENERAL opposed the application, and fol-
lowed the order in which the application had been made. He
would contrast the statement of the Counsel for the traver-
sers with that verified and sworn by Hodges, the Govern-
ment reporter, a gentleman of great ability, and of the highest
character in every respect.
Judge CRAMPTON—Whose affidavit is that?
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL said, that of Mr. Hodges, the
short-hand writer. And he would call the attention of the
Court to the facts of the case, as sworn to by that gentleman.
Among the twer.ty-four names on the jury panel called by
Mr. Bourne, Mr. Rigby's name was called by that officer as
John Rigby. On this Mr. Rigby hoping, and he (the Solici-
tor-Genera)) did not blame that gentleman, to avoid being
placed on the jury by a mistake in the writing of his name,
said at the time that he was called John Jason Rigby, and
not `John Rigby, and suggested that, as Mr. Passworth had
been excused on the former day for serving on the jury on
similar grounds, he might be exempted also. Mr. Bourne
then asked him if he were not the John Rigby that lived at
175, Great Brunswick-street? to which Mr. Rigby answered
in the affirmative. Now there he was identified with the
same John Rigby on the jury-list. He proceeded to discuss
the next objection to the verdict, viz., the extension of the
trial into vacation, and really Mr. Whiteside had most
strangely interpreted, or rather misinterpreted, the words of
that Act.
At half-past four o'clock the Judges intimated their inten-
tion of adjourning the Court.

THE SUPPRESSION OF ART-
UNIONS.

- - -
A general meeting of artists was held at Willis's Rooms,
Ring-street, St. James's, on Saturday evening, to consider
the best course to be adopted in consequence of the recent
notice given by the Lords of the Treasury prohibiting the
usual drawing of the Art-Union lottery. Long before the
time appointed for the meeting the room was thronged, and
the greatest anxiety was manifested in the '
proceedings.
Soon after eight o'clock Thomas Wyse, Esq., M.P. ascended
the platform, accompanied by the members of the Council of
Institute of Fine Arts, by whom the meeting had been con-
vened.
THOMAS WYSE, Esq., having been called to the chair,
stated briefly the objects for which they were assembled, and
desired the Secretary to read the advertisement calling the
meeting.
JAMES FAHEY, Esq., the honorary secretary, having read
the advertisment,

The CHAIRMAN again rose and addressed • the meeting at
considerable length on the subject of Art-Unions and their
prospects. He observed that, in 1837, a feeling having ex-
isted for the further extension and improvement of the fine
arts, by combining with the interests of artists that of the
public at large, the Art-Union system was introduced, and
was soon afterwards extended to almost all parts of the land.
The characteristic features of this system were that it dis-
countenanced monopoly ; there was in it no combination for
the advancement of particular interests, or individual advan-
tage, but it extended encouragement from the highest to the
lowest, and, whilst it encouraged artists, it also promoted a.
taste for the fine arts among the public at large, who were the
most enduring, the most noble, and the most elevating
patrons of art.—(Loud cheers.) The Art-Union wished to
extend the civilisation depending on art to every
part of the country ; to give to every artist the
chance of becoming known to his fellow-subjects,
and to establish in this country a republic of art.
The results of their efforts had so far realised their
most sanguine hopes. In the first year of their labours the
subscriptions amounted to only 400/., whilst last year they
exceeded 14,000/. ; and this increase had taken place in the
space of only eight years. Similar augmentation had been
experienced in the Art-Unions of Edinburgh and Dublin,
which showed that the increasing taste for the fine arts was
not limited to the metropolis. The money'whieh had been
distributed by the Art-Union of London, since its forma-
tion, amounted altogether to between forty and fifty thousand
pounds, which sum had been distributed generally among
the most meritorious artists, and had not been apportioned
to any favoured individual or coterie. He denied that the
Art-Union was a gambling society, though it came under
the letter of the law. To the law, as pronounced by the
Attorney-General, they must submit ; but they were, never-
theless, not precluded from doubting the soundness of the
interpretation of the law, which had been otherwise inter-
pretated by other legal authorities. As doubts had arisen,
he wished the Legislature to take measures to prevent the
continuance of those doubts in future. Without censuring
the Government for having acted on the interpretation
of the law by the Attorney-General, he at least thought
that that interpretation should have been elicited at
an earlier stage of the proceedings, so that much of
the expense that had been incurred by the Art-Union
of London, might have been avoided by premonitory notice.
The coursehe would advise the meeting to pursue was, to
present a memorial to the First Lord of the Treasury, repre-
senting the position in which the Art-Union of London was
placed by the recent decision against them ; stating the pre-
sent condition of the body, what they had done for the ad-
vancement of art, and their hopes of accomplishing much
more for the future. Let them entreat of him that the law
might be re-modelled, and that they might be at least placed
in a condition to pursue the system which had hitherto been
so successful. Should the First Lord of the Treasury not like
to take the initiative in the matter, then the question would
be whether it might not be advisable to submit the subject to
the consideration of the Committee of the House now sitting
on gambling. It was well known•in what difficulties certain
parties had been recently thrown by an application to them
of the law against gambling, and that they were obliged to
appeal to the Legislature for the suspension of the law, and
for a subsequent remedy that would take their cases out of
the operation of that law. It was well known what sym-
pathy, and be might add, what indulgence was shown by the
Legislature on that occasion.—(Cheers and laughter.) It
was impossible to suppose that men who were only dfstin-
guished at Newmarket should be treated with greater kind-
ness by the Legislature than a body of men who had exerted
themselves to diffuse the arts of civilisation, and to spread
the glory of the country to ail parts of the world.—(Cheers.)
The first resolution, expressing regret at the suppression
of Art-Unions, was proposed by Mr. HOWSE, and seconded by
! Mr. POWELL, and carried with only one dissentient, amidst
loud cheers.
The second resolution was to the effect that a memorial be
presented to Sir Robert Peel, requesting him to move for the
appointment of a Committee of the House of Commons on the
subject of Art-Unions.
This resolution was opposed by Mr. RYLE, but was carried
, almost unanimously.
! The third resolution was to the effect that petitions be
presented to both Houses of Parliament, praying them to
adopt measures to establish on a firm basis the Art-Union of
London, and all similar institutions. This resolution, as
well as the former one, was carried with loud acclamation,
the only hand held up against them being that of Mr.
kle, who was loudly laughed at for his persevering opposition.

Mr. FEANKLAND ifioved a petition to the Legislature,
praying that it would adopt such measures as would esta-
blish, •on a sn-e and permanent basis, the Art-Union of
London, and all other similarly constituted societies.
Mr Buss seconded it.
The resolution was put and carried, like the others, with
only one dissentient.

The SECEETAMY then read the proposed petition to the
Houses of Lords and Commons.

Mr. ANGLIO, sen., moved, and Mr. DAVIES seconded the
adoption of the petition, which was agreed to.
Mr. HARDY suggested that artists should adopt some
means of meeting each other mere frequently.—(Cheers.)
If they could meet monthly it would be very desirable and
beneficial to all parties.
The SECRETARY promised to give the gentleman a pros-
pectus of the Institute, which would afford all the facilities
he required.
Thanks were voted to the Chairman, who is to present
the petition to the Commons, and the Marquis of Lansdowne
to the Lords, and the meeting separated.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

POST.—In a letter that we insert to-day, under the sig-
nature of " Timetes " in relation to the recal of the Go-
vernor-General of India, there is much that is worthy of
attention. Our correspondent, however, touches, we think,
somewhat too lightly upon what we have reason to believe
will, eventually, become the most important point in this
remarkable case. " Timetes" suggests, on the authority of
Lord Ellenborough's friends, that his Lordship's unsparing
retrenchments in the Indian expenditure may have procured
for him the hostility of the Court of Directors. Unless we
be much mistaken, this circumstance will, hereafter, be
found to rest upon a foundation very much more
stable than the partial statements of private friend-
ship. We have heard that the Noble Lord, soon after
his arrival in India, discovered an alarming excess of
expenditure over relic nue, to the extent of about two
millions sterling per annum ; that he lost no time in
investigating the causes of this frightful deficiency ;
and that, having discovered them in the prevalence of a
system of jobbing, extraordinary even in the annals of Indian
Government, he lost no time ins effecting such reforms and
retrenchments as were suggested by the intimate knowledge •
which he acquired of the country during many years of Pre-
sidency over the Board of Control. It will, no doubt, appear
surprising that the Court of Directors should have taken
offence at measures calculated to promote the stability of the
empire committed to their charge ; but if it be borne in mind
that extensive retrenchment could not fail to diminish the
value of patronage, and to interfere with the long-established
system of nepotism, one can understand that the re-
forms introduced by the Governor-General of India may
have been distasteful to the sovereigns of Leadenhall-
street. That the course adopted by the Directors was
taken so suddenly as not to have been suspected by
her Majesty's Government is almost incredible; but that the
latter considered the recal, when threatened, a mere threat,
the actual execution of which was in the last degree, impro-
bable, we can easily imagine. The important events in pro
gress ; the complicated and critical relations of England with
many of the native Powers, and the success that had
crowned Lord Ellenborough's policy, must have combined
to induce a belief that his recal at, the present moment could
not be decided upon by a body of men who were supposed to
possess a familiar knowledge of the condition and necessities
of our Indian empire. The step has, nevertheless, been
taken ; and if it shall appear that a tithe of what we have
heard be true, public opinion cannot fail to declare itself
loudly on this new instance of Indian mismanagement, and
the sacrifice of the weightiest public interests to the gratifi-
cation of private pique.
ADVERTISER.—It never rains but it pours. Troubles
don't come singly. They always come in the plural number.
Sir Robert Peel's difficulties thicken around him. Every
day, we had almost said every hour, adds to their number.
The latest heavy blow to the Tamworth Administration, is
the recal of Lord Ellenborough from the Governor-General-
ship of India—not only, as we believe it will turn out, with.
out the sanction, but in opposition to the earnest remon-
strances of her Majesty's Ministers, with the exception, per-
haps, of the Premier himself. What the specific causes are
which have led the East India Court of Directors to resort to
the exercise of a power which has not been exercised for
more than half a century, is a point on which, so far as Go-
vernment are concerned, we are left in ignorance. They
have maintained an unbroken silence on the subject; and
hence some persons seem to suppose that there are no specific
causes at all, but that his Lordship's recal is the result of a
deep dissatisfaction with his general policy. This is a most
unreasonable supposition. It might safely be inferred, in the
absence of all information on the subject, that there must be
extraordinary reasons for so extraordinary a proceeding. We
are enabled to state what these reasons are. They are a
series of most insolent letters, which Lord Ellenborough has
addressed to the Court of Directors at home—letters, we are
assured, surpassing in the insulting character of their tone
and contents anything ever known in the correspondence of
public men on public questions; and which no body of indi-
viduals could have submitted to receive in silence, without
degrading themselves for ever in their own estimation.
When the facts of the case come before the public, the sub-
ject of universal surprise will be, not that the Court of Di-
rectors should at last have resented the insolence of their
servant, but that they should have endured it so long.
We shall, doubtless, be asked what was the origin of
these letters ? What provocation, if any, had the Governor.
General to write them? We are in a condition to furnish
the desired information. Foe the last two years the Court of
Directors have been reasoning and remonstrating with Lord
Ellenborough respecting some parts of the policy he was
pursuing in India. They admonished him that the tendency
of that policy was .to jeopardise British ascendancy in the
East, and earnestly intreated him to alter his course. In
his first replies he evinced all the obstinacy and strong-
headedness which have always been the characteristics of
the man, and intimated his determination to continue to act
upon his own judgment. Still, in the commencement of the
correspondence, there was nothing which the Court of Direc-
tors could construe into personal disrespect. They ascribed
the tone and contents of his letters to an overweening conceit
of his own discernment and abilities. As, however, he dis-
regarded their instructions, and set at nought their counsels,
they felt the necessity of being more decided in their next
communication. This had the effect of still more deeply
wounding his Lordship's vanity. His rejoinder was, con-
sequently, written in a strain which few gentlemen could
brook. The correspondence, however, continued to go on,
and every succeeding letter from his Excellency
.was only
remarkable for surpassing its predecessor in unredeemed
rudeness and vulgar insolence. He even went so far, if we
are not misinformed, as to set the Court of Directors
at defiance. He never imagined that a Conservative
Court of Directors, however contemptuously and insultingly
treated by him, would have the audacity, as he deemed it, to
beard a Conservative Government and a Conservative Go-
vernor-General. The event, when he is apprised of it, will
undeceive him. He will find, to his cost, that the self-
respect and moral courage of the Directors were quite a
match for his coarse insolence. In them he has unexpectedly
caught a Tartar. We wish him joy of his prize. The recal
of Lord Ellenborough is chiefly important from its bearings
on the Administration at home. It would at any time have
given a heavy blow to the Cabinet of Sir Robert Peel:
coming at the present moment, it will fall with peculiar
force. Already that Cabinet is staggering from the effects of
former blows received through means of Irish State trials,
Irish Registration Bills, English Factory Bills, and sundry
other measures. If it long survive this last and heaviest blow
of all, it must indeed bear a charmed life.

TIMES.—It is one of the inevitable inconveniences at-
tached to the constitution and condition of a vast empire,
that the force of public opinion is seldom directed to the re-
mote and minute interests and controversies of scattered
dependencies, and that.local usages or parties are frequently
able to paralyse the vital principle of government in the ex-
tremities or minor members of the body politic. The strength
and cohesion of the various dependencies of Britain is based
upon a system tolerant of all the varieties of local freedom,
and pre-eminently respectful of local privileges, rather than
on the arbitrary uniformity of strict subjection to the laws
and institutions of the mother-country. But although we
deprecate any wanton interference with the usages of depen-
dencies, which have been taught to believe that their privi-
leges are safer under the tutelary dominion of England than
they would be under any other State, or even in a condition
of independence; yet the dignity of the Crown, and the in-
terests of the community, demand that this respect for local
laenngtdsh asubo to subordinate governments
an indiscriminatingvernment
sshou
should not
protection c;rtriioend toto s
uch a
insti-
tutions which have nothing but their antiquity and their lo-
cali character to shield them from merited reprobation. It s
obviously the first duty of the Supreme Government to take
care that justice should be administered by proper persons
and in a proper manner, in every part of her Majesty's
judicatures
dominions ; and that the practices of local should
not interfere with the common rights of British subjects.
Within an easy voyage from the coast of Hampshire, and at
no greater distance from our coast than the Channel Islands,
we venture to affirm that all the abuses of local Government,
the intolerance of local prejudice, and the jealousies of local
power, will be found flourishing with an exuberance which
we should scarcely find in the colonies of the eastern or west-
ern hemisphere. In addition to the peculiar spirit of insular
importance, and the distinctive characteristics of laws and
language appertaining to the lieges of the Dukes of Nor-
mandy rather than to the subjects of England, Jersey and
Guernsey have retained the forms and the temper of the
municipal bodies of the middle ages—judicial power without
legal learning or discretion, and political authority which
claims from tradition something approachable to absolute
irresponsibility. Yet these very defects are defended by many
of those who suffer by them, precisely because they are in-
veterate ; they give the charm of local colour to the acts of
authority; and the inhabitants of these islands participate with
a sort of pride in the abuses which mark their secular indepen -
dence. Not so, it must be acknowledged, do these strangers
to the customs of the islands report, who chance to be brought
into contact with the States or Royal Courts of Guernsey and
Jersey. It appears that many of the officers who have filled
the post of Lieutenant-Governor in these islands, have been
content to discharge the military duty more especially in-
trusted to them, and have avoided discussions with the
local authorities on matters affecting the civil government
of the islands. The present Lieutenant-Governor of Guern-
sey, Major-General apier, is not, however, a man to witness
with composure the extraordinary abuses of power, especially
in the administration of criminal justice, which are passing
under his eyes. The consequence has been a very warm al-
tercation between the members of the Royal Court and the
Queen's representative in Guernsey ; and, without expressing
any opinion on some acts and expressions of General Napier,
which appear to have kindled prodigious indignation in the
island, we have ascertained enough to be convinced that the
irresponsible judicial power of the Royal Court is in hands
very unfit to wield it. Neither the constitution of the Court
nor the personal character and legal attainments of its members
afford any of the ordinary guarantees of a British tribunal.
The Jurats unite in their own persons the functions of ma-
gistrates, grand and petty juries, and judges—they receive
accusations, they commit for trial, they convict the prisoner,
and they award the punishment, from fines or flogging up to
the last penalty of the law—death itself. Under such 9
jurisdiction it is not too much to say that none are so inno-
cent that they may not suffer, none so guilty that they may
not escape. When the public feeling of the island is ex-
cited in favour of a countryman, however gross and evident
may be his offence, he is brought off; whilst strangers, and
especially men belonging to her Majesty's troops quartered
in the island, have been treated with excessive and un-
merited rigour. One case in particular occurred in the month
of August last year, which is calculated to provoke the
strictest inquiry. Four soldiers of the 48th Regiment, men
of good character, were accused of a highway robbery and
assault on a Guernseyman, whose testimony was entitled to
Little credit. After a preliminary confinement of a month,
eight days of which were passed in solitary cells, they were
brought to trial. Upon most insufficient evidence they were
convicted by a majority of Jurats, the Court being divided in
opinion, and sentenced to three months' imprisonment, the
first and last month to be spent with the aggravations of soli-
tude and bread and water. During this period the horrors of
the gaol were increased by the total absence of medical at-
tendance,ebbeeieannrfumerre.eaeleena
sent;
eadodnfod s
,nbt one
yh eto
subjecttfe
itoeehfcsu
seer
di diedeieltiasapr
th tae( shortly after his release under
an accumulation of disorders contracted in the prison I From
these decisions in criminal cases there is no appeal. The
l
extraordinary
o cannot
t aret eort
ehasjfbroead
discussednc
inotfa from
iimr r r
officers;eiwxquii
mixing
without
andot
uul t; t
even her Majesty's free pardon under the sign manual has
this particular question with the political state ofgthe