The Sun.
London, England, 1868-09-15 00:00:00

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tovra.

LOVDO,I7, TUESDAY, SEPT. 15, 1868.

The public will learn with great satisfaction that
her MAJESTY'S health has benefited by her sojourn
abroad. Previous to the royal departure for Scot-
land yesterday an interesting ceremony took place.
The United States' Minister was introduced by
Lord STANLEY to the QUEEN, and presented his
credentials. In some respects the change that has
been made in the American representatives among
us has been advantageous, for it has afforded an
opportunity for the exchange of cordial sentiments,
and the Governments on both sides of the Atlantic
seem to have vied with each other in making efforts
to promote the entente cordiale, upon which so much
depends. Lord RUSSELL, when he was Foreign
Secretary, sacrificed a good deal to keep on good
terms with the Americans, but be did it in such a
bungling fashion that no one was satisfied. Lord
STANLEY has been far happier in his work, and
while no concession has been made that is in any
way unfitting to the dignity of the country many
causes of difference have been removed, and the most
vexations matters adjusted satisfactorily to all parties.
Mr. REVEIWY JOHNSON inaugurates his career under
the most favourable auspices, and the willing-
ness the American Government has shown to
settle the Alabama claims in the most amicable
manner promises well for the future success of his
mission. So much has been said and written about
the American difficulty that it is satisfactory to be
able to meet the unfavourable comments with the
most direct denial, and the present relations be-
tween the two countries cannot be put on a more
reassuring footing than they are at present—a con-
summation at which all patriotic statesmen will
rejoice, whatever party they may belong to among
ourselves or the communities beyond the mighty
ocean which separates us without dividing our in-
terests, which are, in truth, identical.

Mr. CoorE has been more fortunate in his
recent attempt to address a meeting in the Tower
Hamlets. First of all he alluded to the disgrace-
ful affair at the Beaumont Institution, where he
said he had lost his voice in a good cause. There
is a great deal:of truth in the observations he made,
to the effect that all men had a right to speak their
opinions, whether others agreed with them or not,
and "freedom of discussion" is certainly an iusq
tution of the land we live in which tiles) who pro-
fess to aid the cause of progress, and to facilitate
the march of mind, stultify themselves by ignoring.
Indeed such conduct is open to the charge of the
promoters of the strife, being unwilling to hear
the truth sp)ken for fear it should con-
tradict their assertions, and a goof cause need
never make its advocates ashamed, whatever oppo-
sition is made to it. After some allusion to the
Irish Church disestablishment, Mr. COOPE passed
on to other matters of general interest, declaring on
that much debated point of the expenditure that
economy was desirable, though it must be judi-
cious in order to be effectual, for there was " a
great difference between reckless extravagance and
a niggardly, cheese-paring economy," which, in-
deed, proves in the end to be the most extravagant
mode of procedure. We are glad to find that Mr.
COUPE spoke out about the equalisation of the
rates, and explained his views on the matter. lie
happened to occupy a house in St. George's-in-the
West, and was also deeply interested in the parish
of St. George's-in-the. East, and he could not
understand why the rates should be double in St.
George's-in-the-East compared with what they
were in St. George's-in-the-West. It is, indeed,
to be hoped that many will follow the example of
this candidate, and do all that they can towards the
equalisation of the poor rates throughout the me-
tropolis, and use every effort to remove the " gross
anomaly." The remarks here met with about the
working classes are very sound, and contrast
favourably with the declarations of those who are
always putting " class against class." Mr. CocPE
spoke out boldly, and said that they were the
greatest enemies of the working men who
dared to tell them that their employers
were their enemies. Of course he did not
deny that there were employers who screwed down
their workpeople, but these were not the rule; •at
any rate their interests are identical, and when the
labourer is badly off the employer suffers, and vice
versa.

Surely there must be some better way in an in-
telligent country like this than that differences of
opinion about wages should be settled by " strikes.'
The injuries they inflict are great, and especially so
to the workmen. Councils of arbitration have been
advocated by some, and no doubt they offer advan-
tages which demand a trial, and they certainly are
more promising than trials of strength of the un-
dignified kind hitherto in vogue. Mr. COOPE
concluded his interesting remarks by ex-
pressing sympathy for the working classes
in the many trials they had experienced, and
advocating the improvement of their condition in
many shapes, such as in promoting the sanitary
arrangements and bettering their dwellings. It is
very correct what he said about the necessity for
the poor man to raise himself in the social scale by
industry and integrity, and not to depend upon the
work of others for his benefit. The real friends of
the people, in short, are those who teach them to
respect themselves and ennoble their own sphere of
action, and not those who excite their passions,
arouse their jealousies, and influence them to
form an evil opinion of those whom chance has
placed above them in social position, but who have
no more claim to respect than those of inferior
rank, if the latter fulfil the duties of their station,
and live uprightly in the sight of all men.

Mr. C. MILLS addressed a meeting at Sydenham,
and expressed his determination to support the pre-
sent Government, whose claims he duly sets forth.
In criticising Mr. GLADSTONE, he observed that
the reason why the right hon. gentleman had made
so much appearance of reduction was that he had
thrown the burden on future' years, and hence we
are now suffering in a great measure from his re-
trenchment, for which he claims such praise, and
in contrast to which he heaps such reproaches on
his opponents. Mr. TALBOT, who spoke subse-
quently, also referred briefly to the subject, and
asked why the Liberals had just manifested so much
zeal on this question, when, if they really cared
about the matter, they could have checked the ex-
pense in the House of Commons with their much-
talked of majority.

Tue City of Paris, bringing us news from New
York to the sth inst., reports that the members of
the Georgian House of Representatives are already
tired of tLeir black confreres. By a majority of 80

to 23 they have declared the negro members to be
ineligible. This result was only to be expected,
since, however strong the partisanship of the
Radicals, they always shrink themselves from that
association with the negroes which they would
force upon others. It was as unreasonable to
suppose that the blacks would be agreeable com-
panions for men of another race, of other habits
and ways of thinking, as it was absurd to suppose
they could instantly become fit to legislate on the
affairs of a great country. It was possible by a stroke
of the pen or by a vote of Congress to convert
the slave into a free man, but no such sudden
transformation could be effected in his mental and
moral attributes. The policy which would force
the negro into sudden political and social promi-
nence is cruelly unjust to him as well as unfair to
the whites. It is idle to act as though the negro race
were in the same position as the Poles, as the Hun-
garians of old, or any other civilised nation whom
the fortune of war or the rapacity of aggressive
neighbours has deprived of national independence.
As regards the Hungarians or the Italians, those
among them that have succeeded in breaking
or lightening the yoke laid upon them by a strong
power have proved themselves as capable of self-
government as any other nation, but the blacks
have never reached the height of intellectual de-
velopment which it requires. Individuals here and
there have shown marked ability and have been
carefully educated, but as a whole the negroes are
as incapable of forming accurate political judgment
as they are actually indifferent to the great ques-
tions involved. With personal freedom and social
comfort the negro would trouble himself very
little about votes and Congresses unless he
were stirred up to do so. The pleasures
of intellectual development, the science of govern-
vernment, the great questions of political economy,
these are not matters to engross his attention. A
life of ease, and idleness, and gaiety is more con-
genial to his natural tastes and habits, and those
who agitate on his behalf to secure him an equal
position with the whites are seeking their own ends,
and not his. When the convulsions of the time
have died out this fact will be more clearly recog-
nised, but the mischief of it is that those who are
bestirring themselves among the blacks are doing
lasting mischief. They are depriving the negro of
his easy contentment and good humour by stir-
ring him up against his fellows, and they are
inflaming his mind with visions that can never be
realised. If matters are pushed to an extreme the
blacks must suffer, for the white race would inevit-
ably assert its supremacy, but the bloodshed and
misery which would result would owe their origin
to the selfish and interested system of agitation
which has been pursued towards the negro. The
sudden removal of his chains would have been
somewhat of a risk in tranquil times, and would
have needed great watchfulness on the part of
those in authority. It was effected without any
safeguards in the time of national excitement and
disturbance, when the negroes were only regarded
in the light of a political gain or hindrance, and
when inetead of every effort being made to help
them safely over the change they were excited and
inflamed with incendiary addresses. Now they
have learned to form themselves into armed bands
and roam lawlessly about the country it will not be
so easy to re-transform them into peaceable culti-
vators of the soil. This is the next difficulty in the
-way of Southern reconstruction, but it is one which
the pressure of other questions has hitherto pre-
vented the North from realising. In Georgia we
have seen matters are coming to a climax, and it is
said that armed bands of negroes are patrolling the
road near Savannah. The Americans, who pride
themselves on lea ling the van of nations, have a
special problem to deal with of no small
difficulty, and it remains to be seen how they c
dispose of it without injustice to the negro or injury
to themselves.
The New Yolk Democratic State Convention has
just adopted a.platform which has gained the uni-
versal suffrages of its members. It upholds a
general amnesty to political offenders, and the im-
mediate restoration of the Southern Staten to the
Union. So far all is well, but the rest of the pro-
gramme is more doubtful. The payment of the
public debt " in lawful currency" is advised, ex-
cept where gold payment is distinctly expressed ;
that is to say, America is to keep her word in the
letter, and not in the spirit. The loss of national
prestige which such a course would entail would
cist America far more than she would gain. A
lima to so shabby an experiment would speak very
ill for the commercial integrity of the nation, and
would be felt by all high-spirited and straightfor-
ward Americans as a national disgrace, while in the
eyes of the far-sighted politicians and financiers of
Europe such a course:would be regarded as some-
thing " more than a crime—a blunder."

The International Workmen's Congress has
brought its labours tQ au end at last, and its mem-
bers have betaken themselves to their own respec-
tive countries, to put, we may presume, their
theories into practice. We apprehend that in some
cases the task will not be a very easy one. The
concluding address gives some faint idea of the
work expected from them. " The International
Association calls upon working men to pronounce
against war, to oppose it by all the means in their
power, to refuse to countenance assassina-
tion, and to organise a propaganda for
the education of the poor." So far as assas-
sination is concerned—referring, we presume, to
the attacks made by Trade Unionists on refractory
members—we are heartily glad to see the decision
arrived at ; while, if working men did a little more
towards the education of- their own children, there
would, undoubtedly, be a great improvement in
the mental training of the people. But as for war,
what is to become of the gunsmiths, the men-of-
war builders, the gunpowder manufacturers, the sol-
diers, tailors, and twenty other trades? The Congress
reckons upon the working men of all countries to
" strike" against war by " abstaining from all work
in the event of war breaking out in their respec-
tive countries." But, unluckily for philosophy, this
would be, in many cases, a strike against them-
selves. A time of war is a time of increased acti-
vity in all war trades. It was during the American
war that the workshops and factories of Birming-
ham were busier than they ever were before. Does
the Congress think, indeed, that men will sacrifice
their own immediate pecuniary interest to an
abstract theory at the other side of the globe ? If
so, the working men of Brussels have soared into
the clouds, while the rest of us are only walking on
the earth ?

A DISAPPEARANCE.—In The Sun on Tuesday
it was stated that a young man named Campbell, who had
taken his vacation tour into Wales, hal sent home to
Highgate his carpet bag in a mysterious manner, and had
disappeared. He has now returned horns after being ad-
vertised, and the public will be glad to learn, after the
several disappearances, that he has accounted for his ab-
sence.

ROBBING GARDENS. Yesterday at liighgate
Police-court a man named Gough was charged with the
tit:lawful possession some apples. Besides the apples
Ll 10s. in gold was found on hie), It was another caso of
robbing a gentleman's garden. The prisoner, on being
asked what he had to state, replied, "Nothing." Ile was
fined, with costs, 10s., which was paid out of the money
found in Lis possession.

LATEST INTELL LGENCh.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE EARTHQUAKES LN" PERU.
PLYMOUTH, Sept. 14.

The Panama and Pacific papers have not arrived
by the Shannon, through a break down occurring on
the railway on the night she left Colon.
Passengers from Peru express their belief that
the effects of the earthquake have been much ex-
aggerated.
The shock on August 13 was felt at Lima at 5
p.m., and at Callao at 5.45 p.m. Between 8 and
10 p.m. several lesser shocks were felt, and an im-
mense tidal wave was witnessed by the shipping at
Callao. The Peruvian and French men-of-war
stationed there put out to sea. No lives or vessels
were lost, but several merchantmen were damaged
and a large quantity of property was washed off
the wharves.

CONFIRMATION OF THE GREAT LOSS

OF LIFE.

We regret to state that private telegrams re-
ceived from New York this morning, .via Atlantic
Cable, confirm in a measure the previous telegrams
of the awful sacrifice of human life and property
at Arica, Arequipa, and other seaport towns of
Peru and Ecuador, by a succession of earthquakes.
One telegram is from Mr. Mackay, Lloyds' agent
at New York, and received this morning by Mr.
Stephenson, secretary of Lloyds :
NEW YORK, Sept. 14.
Dreadful earthquake on the coast of Peru and
great loss of life and property at Arica.
The ships Chanarcilla, Rosarivera, and Edwards
wrecked at Chinchas.

The ships Resolute, Eastern Empire, Royal Oak,
Southern Ocean, Oceanica, and Leopold IL, dis-
abled at Juin.

The ship Deilue and Henrietta were wrecked at
Mejellones.
The ship Condor also lost.

Messrs. Schuster, Son, and Co., 90, Cannon-
street, E.C., received this morning, via New York,
a telegram from Tacna, in Peru, which confirms the
statement that Tacna is safe. The telegram also
states that Arica has been destroyed, and that the
loss of property is enormous.

The Pacific Steam Navigation Company have re-
ceived this morning a telegram via New York,
stating that the company's vessels and property on
the west coast of South America were all safe.

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, Sept. 15.

The North German Lloyd steamer Deutschland,
from New York, passed the Needles at 7.35 a.m. to-
day.

NEW YORK, Sept. 14.

The Caledonia, of the Anchor line, arrived out
yesterday, and the Inman steamer City of Cork,
the Guion steamer Nebraska, and the -Hamburg
and American steamer Holsatia to-day, the latter at
6 a.m.