The Sun.
London, England, 1850-05-23 00:00:00

N°.17,991.] LONDON, THURSDAY ;s: S Ny MAY 2a, 185

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111.
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THE ROYAL PANOPTICON of SCIENCE
AND ART,
Incorporated by Royal Charter (21st of February, 1850), whereby the
Liability of Shareholders is limited to the amount of their Shares,
EXETER and SOUTHAMPTON-STREETS, STRAND.
Capital 80,0001., with power to increase It to 1,0001., in Shares of
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Right
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The Right Hon. the Earl of Craven.
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The Right Hon. Viscount Brackley, M.P.
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EYEBROWS MUSTACHIOS, and WHISKERS produced in a
few weeks, and Baldness removed and prevented, by the use of
G RIMS TONE'S AROMATIC
REGENERATOR.
If you are in want of that beautiful adornment of the human
figure, a natural supply of human hair, obtain through the post, or
of any wholesale or retail chemist or druggist, or perfumer, an lls.
bottle of Gemstone's Aromatic Regenerator. This is an essential
spirit, drawn from aromatic herbs and flowers (grown at his Her-
bary, Highgate), which has been long known to the nobility and
gentry, by whom it is highly appreciated for its manifold virtues, too
numerous to be set forth in an advertisement, but may be read in.his
pamphlet, in which the bottles are enclosed.
Each pamphlet has the signature of William Grimstene, Merchant,
Hcrbary, Highgate, and will be found at page 11, under the copy of
Mrs. Weekly's Letter to the Editor of the " Times" newspaper, 7th
of August, 1846.
This pamphlet is forwarded through the pest, on receiving two
postage stamps.
The Aromatic Regenerator can be forwarded through the post on
oanne
s,ofas t
receiving a post-office order for 4s. 6d., Is. Bd., fa 125., which iu-
c 1 v.
The
ese
wtl
oes
tzs
steamege with
contains
invisrtthue four case.
A htehotands can prove, are published
in the pamphlet enclosed with each bottle.

Reader, reflect for a few minutes, and if you are 40 years of age
you will remember the thousands of blind you meet with in your
walks, others with various coloured eye-shades; indeed, such was
the demand for dye-shades, that it was a business. What has re-
moved those sightless beings, and given place to a itritightforward,
clear-sighted people (the climate is the same) ? Flt tell you the cause
—the universal use of Grimstoue's Eye Snuff 1 and because it cured.
Ophthalmia, Gutta Serena, Cataract, Nervous Headach, and Deaf-
ness, the Lords of the Treasury directed it to be denominated a medi-
cine, and to be stamped. Although this advanced its character, 67
cases of cure being proved by the informers, still it, was an act of
oppression; as in 1825 the Solicitor of Stamps, Godfrey Sykes, Esq.,
altered the label, and sanctioned its sale under order of the Lords of
the Treasury; the letter of protection, signed by Herries, Esq., to
Mr. William Grimstone, bearing date 18th February, 1525. This was
on account of its curative qualities, being sold at that time in canis-
ters, within the reach of every poor family. But under this order of
Government it is obliged to be stamped.
GRIMSTONE'S MEDICATED EYE SNUFF, sold in canisters,
Maimed in a pamphlet of medical and other testimonials, under the
Government order, at Is.. lid., 2s. 9d., and 4s. 6d. each. The
Pamphlets sold at Id.. each. If through the post, Is. Bd., as. 6d., and
55.8 d., including postage, &c. The following letter is one out of the
many thousand proofs.
Read the following Medical Testimony to the cure of five cases
of Gutta Serena, from. G. H. Boutell, Professor of Galvanism :
_ _ _

" Southsea, near Portsmouth, Hants, sth Nov., 1848.
" 111. W. GRIMSTOM-Sir-I must injustice to you send the fol-
lowing Testimonial with regard to the extraordinary efficacy of your
Eye Snuff in cases of Gutta Serena. I have used it in five cases with
the most astonishing benefit and cure.' Sir, yon may advertise this 11
or make what ase you please. The cures have wholly astonished
me and thonsandi of others.--I atn, Sir, &c.,
. . G. IL BOUTELL, Professor of Galvanism."
All letters to Mr. William Grimstone Herbary, Highgate, near
London, at which establishment he continues: to manufacture his
far-famed HERB TOBACCO, so much esteemed in all foreign parts.
The following letter,, in testimony of its delightful qualities, is from
the author of the " Pleasures of Home :"
" Springfield Cottage, Honiton, Devon, 15th Augttst, 1848.
" Sir,—l cannot deny myself the pleasure of stating how highly I
esteem your Herb Tobacco.' I have now found in'it a substitute for
the choice leaf, hitherto obtained by me from a friend in Constanti-
nople. I am sure, that lovers of mild, fragrant Tobacco would find
yotuira great and acceptable gift, at a very reasonable price.
"I am your obedient servant, '
" STUART FARQUHARSON, D.C.L.
To Mr. William Grimstone, Herbary, Highgate."
' This extensively-famed Tobacco is sold by all chemists and drug-
gists, and others,: with W. Grimetone's signature attached, at 71,4 d.,
Is. I Md. 2s. 9d., and 4s. 6d. each, including the Government stamp.

FOOL-HARDY EXPLOITS .—lt having beers bruited
that a sailor named Lynch would spring from the summit of
the Britannia-bridge into the tide below, on Whit-Monday,
which being an idle day, left some thousands of sight-seers
at liberty to proceed to the locality named. Either Lynch's
courage failed him or he was prevented from redeeming his
pledge, so far as the tubular bridge was concerned. Further
in the afternoon, however, he took the desperate plunge from
the chains of the Suspension-bridge, having first discharged
a pistol by way of signal gun. He went down steadily, feet
foremost, and on nearing the water manceuvred so as to strike
the surface nearly on the back. He was picked up by a boat in
waiting. A Bangor lad, one John Jones, who was forward
in drink, his mind made up not to be out-done by a Patlan-
der, had previously started on a voyage of discovery on his
own account, having got outside the iron net work of the
causeway, and leaped from there into the surge • having
made the descent laterally and awkwardly, striking the water
with great force, it was supposed by the spectators that he
was dashed to pieces by the fall ; he re-appeared in due time
however, a little shook, no more, and was taken into one of
the boats. The two men of pluck received a good deal of
money, and we have to apologize to Lynch for paying no
attention to his announcement sent to our office a fortnight
ago,_ inasmuch as we took the affair in the light of a hoax.—
North Wales Gazette.
GRAY'S INN, MAY 22.—At a pension of the
Horsey,Ho Esq.ble S ociety of Gray's Inn, holden this day, George
aw4w..4 c.
j.urerf'. Prizernan, 1849), and Alfred Mac-
kinnon Attree, Esq., were called to the Degree of Barrister-

THE HIPPOPOTAMUS.

The expectation of the arrival in England of a real
living specimen of the hippopotamus seems to be now
so well-founded, that it is worth while to give a short
account of all that is known of the habits and history
of this extraordinary animal. The speculations con-
oerning him among the learned have been verynume-
rous, and the descriptions which have been given of
him have been at times alike vague and fabulous, and it
is only within comparatively modern times that the ac-
curate study of his structure has enabled physioiogists
to determine under what class he ought to be placed.
In early days, as his name imports, it was usual to
consider him a species of horse inhabiting rivers and
marshy grounds, and in a more especial manner the
denizen of the Nile.

As one of the largest and most uncommon of the
race of animals, he was not unknown to the ancient
world, and though, as we shall see, the descriptions
which ancient authors have handed down to us are by
no means so precise and accurate as the requirements
of modern science demand, there can be no question
that to many of those who describe him he must have
been 'a much more familiar acquaintance than he has
been to the modern and more learned investigators of
his history.
Suffice it that, if the narratives which we have of
him from ancient writers are somewhat indistinct, and
their tales wear the mask'of fabulous narration, we
have many representations of him on coins, in sculp-
tue; and in paintings, which prove beyond any ques-
tion that the artists as well as the writers had a dis-

tinct knowledge of what they meant to represent.
The earliest notice which occurs in any author, and
which has been considered by many to be a descrip-
tion of the hippopotamus, is the celebrated account in
the 40th and 41st chapters of the Book of Job of what
be the behemoth and leviathan. Many learned men
have contended that "behemoth" really means "ele-
phant," and thus the Zurich version of the Bible trans-
lates the Hebrew by "e/iphas." Ia the edition of the
English Bible printed by Robert Barber in 1615 for
King James 1., and since considered as the authorized
version, the word "behemoth" is preserved in the text,
and the following annotation is added :-" This beast
is thought to bee the elephant, or some other which is
unnowen." Bochart, Ludolph, and some others, have
contended warmly in favour of the hippopotamus.
Cuvier thinks that though this animal is probably in-
tended, yet that the description is too vague for any
one to hold a certain opinion on the subject. Good, on
the other hand, imagines that some extinct pachyderm
is really intended. We confess that we feel little doubt
whicheasy,even a that the theory started by Bochart, and in the main sup-
ported by Cuvier, is the real one and that the description
in the Book of Job, though doubtless vague, and in
the highest degree poetical, has yet sufficient marks to
while there
arerender
certainth
peculiarities
e identification
poe-
tical imagination could hardly apply to the elephant.
Thus, when Job says of him, "He lieth under the
mentioned
shady trees, in the covert of the reed and fens ; .
the willows of the brook compass him round about,"
this would seem to be the description of an animal which
frequented the water much more than elephants are
accustomed to do. Again, in the fuller descrip-
tion of "leviathan," in the 41St chapter, we think it
is quite clear that a water animal is intended, though
what is there stated might be held to apply to the
crocodile as well as to the hippopotamus ; both are
animals remarkable for an extreme toughness of skin,
both are almost equally difficult to kill or to take
alive, and both are such as, from their uncommon
appearance and wildness of character, would give
to a poetical narrative an extraordinary license of
description.
Of profane authors Herodotus is the first who
notices this animal (in the 71st chapter of his second
book), but his description is far from accurate. He
states. that they are found in the Papremitis Nome,
where they are esteemed sacred, though they are not
so considered in other parts of Egypt. He describes
it as a quadruped, with cloven hoofs like those of an
ox, the muzzle flat, and turned backwards, the teeth
projecting, and the mane, tail, and voice like those of
a horse; the size as large as the biggest ox, and with a
hide so thick and hard that when dry the people
make javelins of it. Aristotle, in' his History of
Animals, appears to have had this passage in his mind,
as his account differs but little from that of Hero-
dotus, only that he makes the animal no bigger than
an ass. Diodorus on the other band (book i.),
is more correct as to the size, for he says it is
five cubits in length, and in bulk approaches
that of the elephant. Pliny (Hist. Nat., viii.,
25, and ix., ' 12) follows Aristotle for the
most part, and amplifies his description, ascribing,
however, to the hippopotamus. the tail and teeth of
a boar; adding, that though they are hooked they
are less dangerous. He states that helmets and
bucklers are made of the skin, which is impenetrable
until softened by moisture, and speaks of its habit of
feeding upon crops and its skill in avoiding the snares
that are set for the purpose of taking it.
In a later portion of his work Pliny states that it is
covered with a sort of hair like that of the seal ; at the
same time giving a fabulous account of the manner in
which it cures itself of diseases incident to it by
pressing its legs against a sharp stake in order to let
blood. " Dion" (lib. li.) and " Achilles Tatius"
(iv., c. 2) both mention the hippopotamus, the latter
entering into several particulars concerning him, and
describing him with considerable accuracy. The Ro-
mans had many opportunities of viewing these curious
animals alive, for we have many instances recorded in
which they played no insignificant part in the trium-
phal processions of the conquerors on their return
home. Thus M. Scaurus, in his asdileship, exhibited
five crocodiles and an hippopotamus, and is men-
tioned as having been the first to do so. Augustus ex-
hibited one on the occasion of his triuoiph over Cleo-
patra. Antoninus exhibited some with crocodiles„
lions, and other animals; Commodus no less than five
some of which he slew with his own hand. Helioga-
balus, and the third Gordian, also exhibited some of
them. But still they could not have been common,
and the demand for them seems to have exhausted
the supply; for Ammianus Marcelliaus (xxii., 15)
states that the hippopotami had ceased to" exist in
Egypt after the time of Julian.
The representations of this animal which we have
by ancient artists are generally more correct than
the descriptions with which they have furnished us.
Thus, they are well drawn on many coins of the
Roman emperors, sometimes with the crocodile, and
sometimes without. They are met .with frequently
on those of Trajan, Hadrian, and on those of
Otacilia Severe, the wife of Philip. Occasionally
they are not so well drawn, as in the figure
copied by Mr. Hamilton (2gtoptiaca pl. xii.)
from the eaves of Beni-Hassan, where the feet are
represented as cloven, and the lower tusks are so
enormous that it is impossible that' they should be
covered by the lips; whereas the largely developed
muzzle, and its consequent concealment of the tusks,
are portrayed on the ancient coins with accuracy.
The same may be said of .the figures on the plinth of
a statue of the Nile (formerly in the Vatican), on
which the hippopotamus is represented, as holding a
crocodile in his mouth.
In more modern times, the descriptions we have
vary considerably, and are sometimes at variance
with the real form of the animal they profess to de-
scribe. Such are the accounts preserved in Isidore
of Seville, Vincent de Beauvois, Albertus Magnus,
and James of Vitez. Belon and Gallus were pro-
bably the first who had actually seen the animal him_
self. . •
Both were at Constantinople, and both probably
saw the mile. . The description of Belon is the most
accurate, and it is clear that he must have examined
the beast with some attention, as he points out the
error in the statue alluded to above, and shows that
the hippopotamus has five toes instead of four, and an
undivided 'lloof. ' Lastly, LudolPh, in his history of
Ethiopia, gives a full account of it, with an 'entire
figure drawn upon a large scale. Thevenot, in his
voyage to the Levant, mentions one that was killed
in his time (1658), near Gidgeh, and, taken thence to

thatw where
epresent Africa
Cairo. - ' •
at present exist-
ing the hippopo-
r.nWuisthis rfeqguaradd,
ittol,,t.hoeuldcosuenemtries
ing ; though Onesicratus, in Arrian's indica, speaks
alone can claim him for its own, as
of them as found on the banks of the Indus. Strabo,
on the other hand, and rausaniat, doubt this asser-
tion ; and Cuvier and Buffon both are of opinion that
Michael Boyne is wrong in supposing that it is found
in China, and Liumeas unwarranted in his belief that
it occurs at the mouths of any Asiatic rivers. 1
It hes been disputed in modern times whether or
not there is more than ono species of hippopotamus.
M. de Moulins has given reasons, drawn from obser-
vations of the skull, for supposing that those existing,
on tha Nile and on the Senegal are different species ;
and Cuvier has shown the same thing with respect to
the inhabitants of Northern Africa, and the denizens
of the country round the Cape.
At present the animal is very rarely found till you
have ascended the Nile far into the interior. The
French savans who went as far as Syene saw nothing
of him.
In Southern Africa the flesh is said sometimes to
be considered a delicacy, and the natives of Cape
Town are in the habit of obtaining from the
country farmers the fat which lies under the
skin, when salted and dried. The skin itself
is extensively used for whips ; it is cut into long
I narrow slips, Ave foot or sin feet long, and tong.

nating in a point. Mr. Layard mentions their use
so far north as Mosul, among the Arab workmen
whom he employed in his excavations. The great
canine teeth are the most valuable portion of the
animal, as the ivory obtained from them has been
found to be superior to any other for the manufacture
of artificial teeth.

Sill CHARLES NAPIER UPON LEAVE
OF ABSENCE IN 11VDIA.

Head•quarters, Camp Rorie, March 20.
The number of applications from officers for leave
of absence obliges the Commander-in-Chief to make
the following observations, beginning with the
European regiments :-
1. The European private soldier has the same
constitution as the European officer. He suffers
equally from the effects of heat.
2. He has necessarily fewer comforts and more
discomfbrts than are experienced by the European
officer.

3. He has never any leave on " urgent private
affairs ;" be it hot or be it cold, he passes the year in
his cantonment.

4. On the other hand, the officer has every comfort
and every luxury that can diminish the discomfort of
a hot climate ; and the Commander •in-Chief cannot
help thinking tbst the known pride which British
officers take in sharing all dangers and deprivations
with their soldiers will induce the former to consider
that, leaving their brother officers and their men to
encounter the heat of summer while they are divert-
ing themselves on " urgent private affairs" in the
hills is very like deserting their post from fear of
climate.

The Commander-in-Chief himself does not go to
Simla for pleasure nor to avoid heat. He goes much
against his will, because all the head-quarters' esta-
blishments are located at Simla, and to move them is
not practicable. Moreover, the Commander-in-Chief
can best serve the army by being near the Governor-
general. If Sir Charles Napier followed his own
wishes, he would establish• his head-quarters at some
one of the large stations, where he would be among
the troops.
The Coti3mander-in-Chief does not wish to prevent
officers having short leave for a month or two, which
is quite long enough to settle any " urgent private
affairs" that an officer can have in India ; nor does the
Commander-in-Chief wish to prevent officers having
leave who are really ill, and whose medical men con-
scientiously believe that change of air is necessary.
But he cannot allow the fear of climate, the love of plea-
sure, or the desire to escape from regimental duty to
throw it on their hard-working comrades ; nor is it
very encouraging to the private soldier to see his
officers scampering off to the hills the moment the
heat begins : no one likes extreme heat, and, there-
fore, no one ought to shirk from it at the expense of
others.

Holding these opinions, the Commander-in-Chief
must call on commanding-officers to restrain applica-
tions for leave to those who are delicate in health, and
whom they know to require change of air. Let the
rest share with their men the dangers and displeasure
of the hot weather. Discipline will thus be sustained.
As to the officers of the native regiments, the case
is different: Their presence is not required to cheer
and give heart to their men. The Sepoy is at home,
the heat is congenial to him, and he gets leave fre-
quently. He has every indulgence that can be given
to a soldier. There is, therefore, no objection on that
score to a Company's officer having leave. But there
are objections on other points.
The European officers are few in a native corps,
and they cannot be spared from regimental duty.
The state of discipline is such as to demand every
exertion in every officer to bring it to that perfection
which it ought to receive. It is idle to suppose that
a regiment is not to be kept in order during the hot
weather.

There cannot be so much drill as there is in the
cold weather ; but there may be quite enough to keep
a regiment in the highest order. Over doses at drill
are not good at any. time. It is a constant drill ap-
plied in small portions, and the constant instruction
of officers by their commander, that keeps a regiment
in good order. Parades and drills, however short and
slight, may go on before sunrise and after sunset. A
single manoeuvre performed daily, and with scrupu-
lous exactness, will keep a regiment in good order.
There is always plenty for old officers to do, and
for the young-officers to learn, at the head-quarters of
every regiment during the hottest weather ; and this
the Commander-in-Chief expects to be done by those
who are in hetlth.

His Excellency believes the mass of officers to have
a sincere zeal for the public service, and great pride
in their profession. All that the Indian army re-
quires is, that the senior officers should instruct the
junior.

In proportion as the number of officers is limited
so must exertion increase.

Sir Charles Napier will, therefore, not allow the
portion of leave granted by his predecessors to officers
in Queen's regiments to be increased ; this has been
for the last 15 years as followS : reserving—
Cavalry—Two field officers, four captains, and 14
subalterns ; these are always to be present and fit for
duty at head-quarters.
Infantry—Two field officers, five captains and 16
subalterns ; these are always to be present and fit for
duty at head-quarters.
" Commanding officers must satisfy themselves, in
communication with the senior medical officer of the
regiment, that there is no probability of any subse-
quent application being made for others on medical
certificate, that his Lordship may not be forced into
the necessity of cancelling the leave previously
granted to others on private affairs."
Such was the order of Lord William Bentinck,
and officers commanding regiments are answerable
that this full allowance of officers shall be always at
their head-quarters. _ _

By order of his Excellency the Commander-in-
Chief, ARMINE S. H. MOUNTAIN,
Colonel, Adjutant-General of her Majesty's
Forces in India.

THE BOROUGH OF FINSBURY.
The following letter has been addressed by Mr.
Wakley, M.P., to the Chairman of a meeting of
electors of Finsbury :
" Harefield-park-wood, Middlesex, May 21.
" Sir,--A friend has informed me of the object for
Which the meeting of this evening is held. Had I
been favoured with an invitation I should have at-
tended.
!` I am not surprised that a feeling of discontent
should exist in Finsbury relative to the state of the
representation of that borough in Parliament ; and it
is my misfortune, and not my fault, that I am one of
the causes of that feeling. During 13 years a close
attention to my Parliamentary duties obtained for me
frequent expressions of approbation from my generous
and indulgent constituents. After a long, zealous and
anxious servitude, my health gave way, and the duties
which I had to execute in Parliament remain undis-
charged by me from a powerful and irresistible neces-
sity. In the last session I could not attend the House
of Commons at all ; in the present session my at-
tendance has been both seldom and irregular. Ill-
ness alone, of a distressing kind, prevented me from
speaking and voting against the detestable window-
tax, when the motion for its repeal was last before
the House.

" These things have caused me much anxiety. I
feel that I have no moral right to continue as the re-
presentative of Finsbury, if I cannot perform the
duties of the great trust that has been confided to my
charge. If I were to act so unworthy a part I should
ill requite my noble-hearted constituents for their
generous forbearance-during my protracted illness. I
place myself, therefore, entirely at their disposal. It
is a duty which I owe to them, and I do not shrink
from its avowal.

" The end of the present session of Parliament is
rapidly approaching, and hence my resignation at
this time would be of little utility. Permit me, there-
fore, with perfect frankness to state that if I were to
be allowed to make choice of the course of proceeding
at this juncture, I should prefer to remain in the ho
nourable position of your representative until the com-
mencement of the next session of Parliament, at which
time, should my health not be sufficiently re-
established to enable me to resume my labours in the
House of Commons, I shall, without hesitation and
with the liveliest feelings of gratitude, restore to the
patriotic and independent electors of Finsbury that
honourable and dignified trust which I have so long
cherished as the highest object of my ambition.
" I have the honour to remain, sir, your obedient
servant, 44 THOMAS WATILET.
" To the Chairman of the Committee of the Fins-
bury Liberal Electoral Association."

PAROCHIAL CONTEST IN ST. PANCRAS.-ELEC-
TION OF VESTRYMEN.—The parochial contest for the elec-
tion of vestrymen and auditors of accounts for the parish of
St. Pancras was progressing yesterday with lore spirit than
on the first day's poll (Tuesday). At the close of the poll,
at four o'clock yesterday afternoon, the numbers were—
For the Pink list, proposed by Mr. Brettingliam 1,191
For the Blue list, proposed by ➢ir. Douglas

Majority in favour of the Pink list
The poll finally closes at four o'clock this day (Thursday.)
Wu AT IS MIN ?—An American author describes
man " as the only. animal that drinks sherry cobblers."...
Ft4nch,

M. HALEVY.

For the last fifteen years this great composer has
enjoyed a high reputation in England, whether from
the success of his works in France,"i or from their re-
production on our own stage. Circumstances have,
however, lately combined on all sides to attract ge-
neral attention towards him. The French composers
have lately superseded the Italian maestri, and at the
opening of the theatrical campaign in London this
year two of his minor works were given with signal
success at the St. James's Theatre; another was no
less successful at the Princess's ; and whilst the
Covent Garden establishment announced the produc-
tion of two of his serious operas, it was found likewise
that he had been engaged, in conjunction with M.
Scribe, in writing another, of the most impor ant and
promising character, on the subject of Shakspere's
Tempest. On the eve of the production of this work,
on account of its authors and of its actors equally the
object of general curiosity, some account of the life
of M. Halevy cannot fail to prove interesting.
Fromental Halevy was born in Paris at the begin-
ning of the present century. His father was a Ger,
man, his mother a French lady. As the boy showed
a precocious understanding, and his father, like most
of his countrymen, was devotedly fond of philosophy
and belles lettres, the young Halevy was at an un-
usually early age sent to an academy. However, a
few lessons on the piano-forte having been given him,
with a view to employ his leisure moments, and to
vary and relieve his attention, an invincible love of
the musical art absorbed all his thoughts. His father
finding at last that he could not surmount this pro.
pensity, wisely gave way, and placed his son, at ten
years of age, at the great Conservatoire. There, so
rapid was his progress, that being only twelve years
of age, he won the grand prize of harmony against all
his seniors. Soon afterwards he had the still greater
good fortune of attracting the attention of one
whose name and works will endure as long as
the art of music—at thirteen he studied composition
under Cherubini. Only two years afterwards,
when that great master was obliged to visit London
(in 1815), so high an opinion did he entertain of the
young Halevy, that he chose him as his temporary:sub-
stitute to:direct his class at the Conservatoire. From
this moment the great object of ambition with the young
artist was to follow the example of Mozart, and visit
the schools of Italy. A new triumph afforded him
this opportunity. In 1819, having won the grand
prize for composition at the Institute, he was sent by
the Academy of France to Rome. He spent three
years in Italy, travelling from one great musical city
to the other, examining the works of such old
composers as Marcello and Palestrina, studying
under such renowned masters as Galieri and
Zingarelli. From Italy he went to Vienna, pur-
posely to visit one who was the peculiar object
of his reverence—one who like him had been
a favourite pupil of Cherubini—Beethoven. This
sublime composer received him kindly, but gave him
a melancholy proof that he had lost one—his most
perfect and exquisite sense—that of bearing; for, to
give him a sample of his inspiration he played on a
harpsichord with broken strings, and so totally out of
tune as to produce nothing but clashing discords,
although the unconscious performer did not per-
perceive it. The time was now come, when
the young Halevy must return to Paris, and
shsw "the mettle of his pasture." His first compo-
sition was Pygmalion, a work which he offered to
the Grande Academie de Musique. It was immedi-
ately accepted, and its combination of Italian melody
with German harmony created a great sensation
amongst the critics. Political troubles, however,
soon interfered to prevent the production of his opera.
Halevy resumed his studies until 1827 ; at the be-
ginning of this year he gave the Opera Comique a
work entitled Phideas. Its success was such that
another was immediately demanded. This was the
Artisan, which fully sustained the opinion enter-
tained of his abilities. _ I

--- -----
Passing over minor works, we most particularly
notice an opera which he subsequently gave at the
Italien in 1829. This was an Italian opera buffs,
entitled Il Dilettante. It was performed for two con-
secutive seasons with immense success by Malibran,
Zuchelli, Donzelli, &c. In 1830, he produced at
the Academie de Musique, a ballet, Manon I'Escaut,
and in 1831, at the same theatre, a ballet opera, La
Tentation, which was performed not only in Paris,
but in all parts of Europe; its catching, sprightly,
popular, and highly original melodies being repro-
duced on every hand-organ then manufactured, for
the peripatetic musicians of the streets In 1832,
Herold having suddenly died in all the flush of his
triumphs, leaving his score of I.udovie imperfect,
Halevy undertook the pious duty of finishing and
producing it on the stage; and this year he like-
wise composed Les Souvenirs de la Fleur, for the
re-appearance of the celebrated Martin. In 1835
he produced,:at the lcademie de Musique, an opera
of the highest pretensions—La Juive, whose suc-
cess was such that it was immediately brought out
in every capital in Europe. As if to show the ver •
utility of his genius, he next produced, at the Opera
Comique, L'Eclair, which has remained ever since
one of the brightest gems of that theatre's repertoire.
In 1837 it was the turn of the Academie de Mu-
sique to enjoy one of his cheldceuvres. There he
produced his grand opera, Guido et Ginevra, of
which one song, " Apres la fete," has become the
cheval de bataille of every tenor who has since ap-
peared in the musical world. He successively
produced works whose titles alone suffice for an
eulogy. In 1838, a successful piece at the Opera
Comique ; in 1842, La Reine de Chypre, at the
Acadamie ; in 1843, Charles VI., at the same
theatre. I❑ 1844 he produced the Guitarero, and in
1846 Les Mousquetaires de la Reine, at the Opera
Comique. In 1848, owing to those revolutions with-
out precedent which then perilled the very existence
of society, and seemed to render every enjoyment
and every solace impossible in Paris, at the earnest
prayers of the director of the Opera Comique, whose
theatre had been nearly forsaken, he gave Le Val
d'Andorre, which was performed 165 nights running,
and restored at once, and in spite of every inauspicious
circumstance, the vogue and fortunes of that theatre.
Last year he was equally successful at the Opera
Comique with La Fee aux Roses, of which a transla-
tion is at this moment performed in London. Halevy
has long since received the highest rewards his country
could confer on him. At the Court of Louis Philippe
ho enjoyed the highest favour. The unfortunate
Duke of Orleans, and his noble-minded widow, the
Duchess of Orleans, had placed him at the head of
their Chapelle. The Conservatoire conferred on him
the title of Professeur de haute Composition. 1.1-3 is
an officer of the Legion of Honour, and of a number
of foreign orders conferred on him by the different
sovereigns who have listened to his compositions, and
he enjoys the highest title that can reward exalted
merit in France, that of Member of the Institute.