The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-24 00:00:00

EIGHTH DAY.

The hatter's reasons for giving 225 dolls. for the first
ticket, and his expressed determination to give 500
dolls. if necessary, occupy the attention of New York,
to the exclusion of all other topics, and even Jenny
Lind is forgotten. As he lived next door to Btrnum's
Museum, many people thought it a juggle; but
that does not account for rive others bidding
against him. The place selected by the hatter
was by no means a good cne, being
directly under Jenny Lind, and one next to
it only went for 10 dolls. " There is a better solution
for the mystery," says the Weekly Herald, " than to
charge it to Peter Funk." What do our readers sup •
pose that to bie ? • They remember, probably, the hat-
ter immortalizA. by Carlyle, for sending about the
town a monster hat, with his name and address un-
der it. It now appears that Mr. Lenin's object was
the same. Ills ticket will be worth 1,000 dolls. to him,
he says. There were others alive to its value. Three
of the five unsuccessful competitors were patent medi-
cine vendors. The name of Genin now stands before
us at the head of the most portentous list of names
ever published in America. H intends, it is said,
to follow up the idea on the night of the concert, by
sitting in the front of the audience with an immense
hat suspended over his bead.
NINT II DAY.
Monday began with the adjourned auction, when
3,055 tickets were sold for 15,319 dolls. The event
of the day, however, was the first rehearsal, on which
we will not venture at present, only observing that
Jenny Lind seems to have created quite as much
enthusiasm as in her first deblet in the British me-
tropolis.

• TENTH Day.
On Tuesday was the second. rehearsal, "when the
great northern luminary of song,"
we are told"
was still more successful than on the previous day ;
being, as the reporter explains, entirely satisfied with
:,
the building, the audience, and herself. "A curious
incident occurred, when she was commencing the
Casts diva. She had not got through half a-dozen
notes when a gun was heard. She immediately
stopped and laughed. She went on again, and then
the roar of another gun brought her to a complete
halt, when she could not refrain from laughing a se-
cond time. She had to give it up. It turned out to
be the firing of the 100 guns from the Battery, in ce-
lebration of the admission: of California into the
sisterhood of States. During the firing, two o: three
wreaths of the smoke from the kilns were borne right
over Castle-garden, and had a very pretty effect.
When she was informed of the cause of the interrup-
tion, she said it was to her a very agreeable inter-
ruption, as it was for the good of the country." Here
we must break off. The results of the first public
concert, which was to take place on the Wednesday,
we have yet to learn.—Times.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY ELECTION.
CAMBRIDGE, SEPT. 23.—The following is a copy
of a letter which has been this day addressed by the
Rev. F. W. Harper, M.A., to the Rev. the Master of
Clare lidl, in reply to the letter bearing the Master's
signature, which appoAred in the London journals of
this morning :

" Cambridge, Sept. 23.
" Rev. Sir,—Your letter of the 21st instant is based
on the supposition that Mr. Cowling has been opposed
from hostility to a particular college. Allow me,
therefore, to point out to you—
" 1. That, of our seventeen colleges, fourteen have
contributed to Mr. IVigram's committee, from the
lists of their resident Fellows; ten, from those of their
college officers.
" 2. That, exclusive of his own college, Mr. Cow-
ling's committee contains resident Fellows of only
three colleges, and but three college officers.
" Are you, sir, prepared to say that the general
leavetone andtes tempere facts
reconcilableo f our University'
withyour
supposition ?are such as to
"On the absence from Mr. Cowling's committee
list of certain influential names I forbear to dwell.
Bath at public meetings and in private conver-
sation I have had abundant means of becoming ac-
supporters.
ority of them
Andqutli nlteadinvisiatthistfiheedfeelingaof
lAalrrg.eW
arjam's
place should
hwould b
ehave
fi
Iperde fbeyr r eadm tehmabt e
rMorf.
sLta. wiosha,s.
" I have the honour to be, reverend sir,
" Your faithful servant,
"F. WHALEY HARPER (late Fellow of
St. John's College).
"The Master Of Clare Hall."
Mr. P. IL Frere, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of
Downing College, and Mr. H. L ahem, M.A.., Fellow
and Tutor of Trinity Hall, have been added to Mr.
Wigram's committee.

THE NEW NAVAL NOVEL, " SINGLETON FONTENOT,"
by James Hannay, Esq , :is published this day by Mr. Col-
burn, end may now be had at all the Libraries. Also, ,11017
ready, 2. The Luttrells; or, The Two Marriages+, by Folke-
stone Williams, Esq. 8. Claude, by Miss Molesworth. 4.
Petticoat Government, by Mrs. Trollope. 5. Our County,
by John Mills, Esq. 6. Adelaide Lindsay, edited by the
author of Emilia Wyndham. 7. A S"cond Edition of "Regi-
nald Hastings," by Eliot Warburton, Esq. 8. La Vendee,
an Historical. Romance, by A. Trollope, Esq. Also, just
ready, "Light and Darkness," by Mrs. Catherine Crowe,
author of 4 The Night Side of Nature," &c., 3 vols.
FOREIGN, CATTLE.—A. steam-ship, named the
Tiger, which has been just placed on the station fur the con-
veyance of foreign cattle to this country, has brouAst 226
head of oxen and caws and 10 sheep from Tonningen, being
the largest arrival of the kind which has taken place the pro.
duce of Denmark. The steam-ship Adonis, which simulta-
neously arrived from Bremen, brought 198 head of oxeti end
cows, and 56 sheep of Hanseatic produce; and the ship Wil-
berforce, from Tonningon, 204 head of oxen and cows, form-
ing the entire cargo, of Danish produce. Such large arrivals
of cattle from Denmark and the Hanseatic port of Bremen,
besides the regular arrivals of the same nature from Ham-
burgh, area most important feature in the supplies of the
kind now taking place from abroad.
ye tafuodr d
quantity, district
in Ha
foepw- pd iaeyks.i n gThe will
c reopo mi nenn ebeo
tihn
qt hneal
superior to that we IIAYO had fur some years past.—adield
Times,

SEPTEMBE

THE FINANCIAL REFORM

ASSOCIATION.

TAXES LEVIED FROM THE YEAR 991 TO 1399.
A summary of the taxes levied in England, so far
as recorded in history, presents us with some curious
and instructive facts.
The Danegelt was levied first in the reign of Ethel-
dred II ; in 991, 10,000/. • in 999, 30,0001.; in 1003,
36,0001.; in 1012, 48,0001. These sums failed in
their purpose ; the Danes returned to, and remained
in England; the English King left the country, to
the grief of his subjects, Afterwards, 1014, he re-
turned, to their great joy ; but he began to tax them
for his own avarice, and incited them to indignation,
'and almost to a preference of the Dares.
1017. Canute, the Dine, was king. He exacted a
sum of 100,0001. in one year, to pay his Danish
troops. In 1018, 82,0001. was raised, whereof the
land-tax paid by the city of London was 11,0001.
1039. A heavy tax, " which rendered King Harold
unpopular." No further particulars.
1040. tiardicanute, a Dane, was king. A heavy
tax was imposed to defray the expenses of the Danish
fleet.
1041. A second tax, amounting to 29,0291., and
another to 11,0481., which occasioned an insurrection
in Worcestershire, and thevollectors (November-12)
were killed. The county laid waste by the king as a
punishment.
1051. The Danegelt, after having been paid for
38 years, and which formed a considerable part of the
royal revenue, was remitted by Bdward the Con-
fesior, who was now king.
Harold, the successor of the Confessor, is not men-
tioned in connexion with taxes.
William 1., the Conqueror, successor of Harold,
became sovereign in 1066 ; died 1087. He held, as
crown lands, 1,422 manors, besides many farms and
lands in Middlesex, Shropshire, and Rutlandahire.
He laid waste the country for an extent of 30 miles
in Hampshire as a hunting-ground, and called it the
New Forest. His fixed annual income, exclusive of
fines, escheats, reliefs, and other casual profits, was
computed at 400,0001. A pound in that age con-
tained three times the weight of silver that it dots
now, and the same weight of silver would then pur-
chase near ten times more of the =necessaries of life.
His revenue, therefore, was equal to nine or ten mil-
lions of present money. Ile had neither fleet nor
army to support; the former being only an occa-
sional expense, and the latter was formed and sup-
ported by his military vassals. The Danegelt was
re-imposed by him in 1063.
William Rufus, was king from 1087 to 1100. In
1089 a new survey of England was made and heavy
taxes imposed, which created great disturbances.
Another in 1093 ; all in addition to the enormous
crown property.
Henry I. was king from 1100 to 1135. In the
sixth year of his reign he set a sum upon every
parish church, and compelled the incumbent to re-
deem his church. Ha had, also, during his whole
reign, a tax of 12d. upon every hide (140 acres) of
land. In 1107, at the height of his popularity, he re-
vived the odious tax of Danegelt, and was hated for
it to the end of his reign. In 1109 he imposed a tax
of 3s. upon every hide of land for the marriage of his
daughter Matilda, and raised 824,0001. as her portion;
the royal power became odious in consequence.
Stephen was king from 1135 to 1154. Civil war
all the while ; there was no regular taxation ; but
the contending parties, Stephen and the Empress
Maud. (the Matilda whose marriage cost so much in
the former reign) maintained themselves by the plun.
der of each other's tenants.

Henry 11. was king from 1154 to 1189. In 1159
a war arose between England and France about the
town of Toulouse. It was to purchase exemption
from this expedition to Toulouse that the holders of
land by military tenure first compounded for a scu-
tage (pecuniary tax). The invasion of Ireland in
this reign, the murder of Thomas A'Becleet, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury (for which Henry submitted to
corporal punishment), the quarrels and conspiracies
about that questionable lady, Fair Rosamond, led to
the imposition of many taxes. For the first time we
find " moveables," as well as land, to have been taxed.
In the last year of this reign a tax was raised, for the
crusade, of a " tenth of all rents and moveables."
Richard I. was king from 1189 to 1199. He was
crowned at Westminster, Sept. 3, when the Jews
who came to pay the presents expected of them were
murdered and their houses plundered ; so at Norwich,
Lincoln, and York ; at the latter place they cut their
own throats rather than yield. The king was privy
to those atrocities. He sold nearly all the
crown lands to prepare for the crusade, and said
that, if he could find a purchaser, he would
sell London itself. In the first year of his reign
there was levied a scutage of 10s. fur every
knight's fee. In the second, towards the expenses to
the Holy Land, two saddle horses and two sumpter
(baggage carrying) horses were taken from every
city ; of every abbey one saddle and one sumpter
horse ; the same of every of the Kings and the abbey
manors. For his ransom, in 1193, every kinght's fee
paid 203.; the laity a fourth of all rents; some clergy
the same; and a tenth of the rents of all other clergy;
also all the gold and silver of the churches, and all
the wool of that year belonging to Cistercian monks
and the order of Semplingham. His other taxes,
after being ransomed, were 2 e from every plough-
land, paid by the husbandman or occupiers. For his
expedition to Normandy, May 12, 1194, a third part
of every knight's fee; and all the wool of the Cister-
cians was demanded, but they compounded and paid
money. In April, 1196, there were sedition and riots
in London, "on account of the taxes," headed by
William Fitzesbert; the ringleaders executed. In
this year one million of marks were raised, but it is
not recorded how; also an aid of five shillings for
every plough-land. Earls, barons, and knights paid for
liberty of tournament. Great sums were also raised
by seizures, fines on renewal of charters, and sale of
the demesne lands.
John was king from 1199 to 1216. 'A scutage of
two marks on every knight's fee ; the same for
license to stay at home from the expedition to France.
A seventh part of all the goods of earls and barons
who left him in France. 1204, Parliament granted a
scutage of 2} marks on every knight's fee. This was
the first time the right of voting supplies was conceded
to Parliament. I.i 1205, John levied vast sums upon
the earls and barons who refused to follow him beyhnd
sea. 1207, he took a thirteenth part of all moveables
from laymen and ecclesiastics. 1216, he levied upon
the abbeys end monasteries 149,0001. In 1214, three
marks from every knight's fee who was not With him
in France.
Henry 111. was king from 1216 to 1272, In 1224,
2s. granted on every plough-land by Parliament, and
a 15:1 on all moveables, on condition of a renewal of
the Magna Charts, signed by the late King John. It
is to be observed iat now, when the barons had the
privilege of voting taxes, they inclined to lay theni on
plough-lands-on the occupying or industrial inte-
rest, and on moveables rather than on their own
estates. 1226, a 15th levied on the clergy; 5,000
marks paid by the city of London ; 1,230 bishops and
abbots gave large sums; the Jews a third of their
treasure and effects. 1231, a scutage of three marks
on every knight's fee. 1232 a 40:h part of all
moveables. 1235, a 30th of moveables, and two marks
for every plough-land. 1237, a 30th of all move-
ables. 1242, three marks on every knight's fee.
1244, 20s. on every knight's fee for marriages of
king's daughter; a 10th of all ecclesiastical revenues
for three years ; the nobility and knights, three
marks on every knight's fee, for relief of the Holy
Land. 1251, three years tenth of all church reve-
nues. 1254, a 20th part of lay revenues granted by
Parliament. Some other levies not recorded.
Edward I. was king from 1272 to 1307. In 1284
an important Act passed, which secured the.trans-
mission of estates through different generations of the
same family (became the law of entail and primo•
geniture), though the object of the barons was only
to secure their own reversionary rights by narrowing
the power of aliena'ion or escheat to the crown :on
failure of heirs, Next year, 1285, the charter of
London City taken away, because the Mayor, George
13eooksby, gave license to bakers to sell bread
short of weight ; the charter restored on pay-
ment of heavy fines to the King. May 2, 1286, the
Jaws were all seized by order of the King, who ex-
torted large sums of money from them, to the amount
of 12,000 pounds weight of silver. In 1290 subinfeud-
ation prohibited ; that is, the creation of new manors
by inferior lords. To this day no manorial claim is
legal if it did not exist before 1290. 1297, the clergy
refusing to grant the King taxes for his wars with
the Scots and French, he seized their lay fees (lands),
whereupon they submitted and granted a fifth of their
goods. From thetwenty-second year of this reign,
1294, there has been a continuous succession of Par-
liaments down to the present time, and by a law made
August 1, 1297, as an addition to Magna Charts, it
was enacted that no taxes should be levied without
consent of the knights, citizens, and burgesses as-
ambled in Parliament. The taxes levied after this
law were (1297) an eighth of the laity, a tenth of
the clergy ; 1301, a fifteenth of the laiti (all in land),•
1302, a fifteenth of all moveables; 1304, a tollage
the cities and boroughs by poll, and a fifteenth of all
land ; 1305, the thirtieth penny of all moveables
1306 fer the knightage of the King's son, the clergy
and laity granted a thirtieth of their moveables, and
the tenants in demesne (the industrial working
tenan's) a twentieth. .
The statute of mortmain passed in this reign, which
prevented the clergy taking bequests of lands from
dying persons, which had been done to a great extent,
as a price for a promised absolution. Taxes were
also, for the first time, levied in this reign (so far as
we know) for the institution of a London police
watch. Hedges were ordered to be cut en the way-
side, as a part of the same measure, the more readily
to expose the concealment of 'robbers.
Edward 11. was king from 1307 to 1327. First
year the laity gave a twentieth of moveables; second
year twenty-fifth; seventh year,
.4 twentieth; eighth

24, 1850,

year, a twentieth. In the ninth, the citizens, bur-
gesses, and tenants of the ancient demesne gave a fife
teenth (of land). In the fifteenth year a tenth from
the clergy, nobler, and knights, and a sixth from
citizens, burgesses, and tenants in demesne (die
working tenants).
Edward 111. was king from 1327 to 1377. This
was a warlike reign ; but it was otherwise remark-
able. The power of the Pope was absolute, anti
the English Parliament for the first time alleged
"that the exactions of his Holiness were a greater source
of impoverishment than• the wars ; that the taxes
levied by him exceeded five times those levied by the
King." John Wickliffe fanned "this insubordination
to a flame. In 1346,"Edward, by proclamation, com-
pelled every owner of land to furnish horsemen and
archers in proportion to his estste. This was for the
expedition to France, famous in history for the battle
of Cressy seige of Calais, heroism of his son, the Black
Prince, &c. Edward required, also, a certain sum of
money for every city and borough. The CAnmons
petitioned the King against this ordinance, ou •the
ground that it had been issued without their consent.
The King replied that it was a measure of necessity ;
but the Co:nmons repeated their objection, and were
so urgent in their remonstrance that the King pro-
mised this ordinance should not form a precedent for
future exactions. Fifteenths or tenths (of land) were
granted almost every year after the wars with
France and Scotland began. 1340,' the tenth sheaf of
corn, tenth fleece of wool, and tenth lamb were granted,
besides 30,000 sacks of wool. 1341, the ninth sheaf,
fleece, and lamb. 1363, in allition to fifteenths and
tenths of land, a grant of 20s. for every sack of wool,
and for every 300 wool fells exported ; and 40s. for
every last of leather. In 1870, 435. 41. upon every
sack of wool, and 4/. on every last of leather exported,
besides the usual revenue of tenths an I fifteenths of

land. 1372, a subsidy of 50,0001, raised on every
parish proportionably, computed at Si. 16=. each pa-
rish, on an average (a land tax). 1373, Parliament
granted 2s. on every tun of wine, and 6d. in the pound
for all merchandise, in oonsideration of the protection
of merchant ships and foreign trade. This, so far as
is now known, was the original of tonnage and pound-
age. In 1377 a poll-tax of 41. on every held above
14 years of age was granted. Parliament disco's-
tented, because " Alice Piers wasted the King's mo-
ney." They caused her to be removed from court,
but her fascination was stronger than the Parliament,
and she returned. "Lawyers, being a mean sort of
people," were forbidden to sit in this Parliament.
Hithtrto an Act of Parliament was in shape of a pe-
tition to the King ; if granted, the petition was co•
pied and deposited in Chancery; but the clerke, cfken
altering them in copying to suit the King, unknown to
the Commons, the latter now insistrd.that the copiei
should be made while they were in session, and read
to them aloud. Their imperfect knowledge of finan-
cial statistics was exemplified in the flax granted by
them in 1371. It was an aid of 50,0001., to be raised
by a levy of 235. 31. on each parish, they supposing
the number of parishes to be about 45,000. It was
found they did not amount to. more than one-fifth of

that number, and that only one-fifth of the tax was
raised. To remedy-this a new Parliament was sum-
moned in June, which remedy-this,
the assessment atisl. 16s.
Richard 11. was king from 1377 t 0.1399. The
taxes of this reign were the usual revenues from land,
lab and half-15ths on wool, wool fells (skins with
wool on), and leather, exported ; 3s. on the tun of
wine, and ls: per pound value of merchandise im-
ported in 1387 ; the same was granted next year. In
1394 the same was granted fur three years. But the
most memorable tax of this reign was a poll-tax in
1379, upon which arose \Vat Tyler's rebellion. The
scale was as follows :

s. d.
A duke or archbishop
A justice of either bencb, or the Chi :f
Baron .....
• •
A bishop, earl, earl's widow, or the Mayor
of London ..... .
A baron, banneret, knight, equal in estate
to a banneret, their widows, aldermen of
London, mayors cf great towns, and
sergeants-at-law
A knight, esquire, or great merchant .. 1 0 0
A sufficient merchant
An esquire or attorney-at law
O.hers of less estate .....
A married labourer
A single man or woman ..

5 0 0

Clergymen paid, according to their benefices, from
40s. to 23. Monks and nuns paid according to the
value of the houses to which they belonged, 401,
20d., 12d., or 4d.

The unpopularity of this poll-tax, and the insur-
rection which followed, have been often quoted as
arguments against direct taxation, and as evidence in
favour of indirect taxes, which people submit to
pay because they do not know how heavy or how
disproportionate their share of such taxes is. Bat it
is a mistake to attribute the insurrection of 1381 to
that poll-tax, or the insurrection in C 'ylon in 1848 to
L'ird Torrington's pall-tax, as direct taxes. L Ird
Torrington's tax was 35., or one week's labourovalue
35., from every man, rich or poor. One week's in-
come from himself would have been 1921. G. 21. ;
the week's income from all other highly paid men
would have been in proportion, instead of three shil-
lings. This was much worse, than the poll-tax of
Wet TS lei's time; but it bad another element of re-
volt in it—the Uingalese priesthood were held liable
to pay it in money, or pei farm the week's labour—
by their religion they roust neither touch work nor
possess property. It was to them perdition to submit
to that tax. Lord Torrington had one of them, as a
warning to the rest, executed in sacerdotal vestments.
Other enormities followed, which a C ymmittee of
Parliament has been inquiring into for two years.
Extraordinary disclosures are said to have resulted;
but, whatever they may be, the association take this
opportunity of protesting against the allegation that
it was an attempt to enforce direct taxation in Ceylon
in 1848, which led to the rebellion there.
Nor is it true that it was direct taxation, as has
been alleged, that led to Wet Tyler's insurrection in
England in 1281. Indecent violence was offered to
Walter's daughter, the tax-gatherer alleging she was
over 14, and liable to the tax. The tyler (he was
" Walter the Tyler) took his hammer and
struck the tax-gatherer dead. The crowd justified
him. A multitude gathered into the town of Dept-
ford, where he resided, and all their grievances be •
came the subject of discussion. By far the worst of
these were the taxes payable to the lords of the
manors, who prohibited the carriage of goods or pas-
sage of travellers across the manors except under
heavy tolls. The multitude, said to have been
gathered in Kent and Essex, but chiefly in Kent, was
inspired it by one John Ball, an enthusiast preacher, and
by " Jack Straw," a more sensible person. than some
historians admit. Their leading cry was, " When
Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gen-
tleman ?" They committed many outrages in and
about London, killed the nobles, .and burned their
palaces, but were at last subdued.. They began in
May ; on the 2d of July, 1,500 of Them were hanged,
among whom were Jack Straw and Ilallthe preacher.
The tyler was killed by Walworth, mayor of London,
in Smithfield. Some days before, the King had ap-
pointed that place for an interview with the rebels.
Walter spoke as became a man (so say some) ; Wal-
worth called him " insoleat," and stabbed him with
a dagger. The tyler died, the mob were dispersed,
Walvvorth was knighted, and the dagger and bloody
hand were added as emblems of honour to the escut-
cheon of the city of London, where they still remain.

MR. LAYARD'S LATEST DiscovEurEs.--A few
weeks ago we announced (says the Literary Gazet:e) Mr.
Layard's return from his expedition into the desert, and the
rescue of some of his larger aniivitie.s from the mud of tie
raver, and their embarkation for hngland. We have since,
however, received further particulars of his most recent dis-
coveries at Koyunjilr, which are extremely interesting. He
found, as has been stated, a chamber which is completely
filled with terracotta tablets, the inscriptions on which, we
now learn, are stamped in, so that though Major Eawlinson
thinks it very probable these .tablets may be records of the
empire, it is still not unlikely that many of them may, in
fact, be duplicates of, or a collection of, manifestos for issuing
to the people or their immediate rulers--in short, a sort of
Assyrian official printing-office. We believe that no fewer
than 25 cases are on their way to England. In the pyramid
at Nimroud, also, a unique statue has been discovered. It is
from four to five feet in height, in gypsum, elaborately carved
and very perfect. There is also a high relief of the King,
very beautitully executed, standing in an arch eight feet
high, and covered with minute inscriptions. Mr. Layard's
last cammunication is dated Akre, Ally 17, where, we are
sorry to say, he had been confined by a severe attack of
fever. The inefficient assistance ho has received has caused
him to over exert himself, and thus he has been stopped for
awhile on his way to Vau to secure inscriptions. He hopes
to pass great part of the Winter in Babylonia, and to return
home in the spring. The very important discoveries he is
now making render it imperatively necessary that his exer-
tions should not be stayed for want of funds.
TT

lI"WAV RITES.— According to an Act of Par-
Lament passed last month, an Act authorising the applica-
ion of highway-rates towards turnpike-roads, which would
Lave ended at the end of the present month, is now con-
inued for another year.
_ _

ANOTHER FIRE AT THE " MAIIK•LANE EXPRNISS"
OFFICE.—L9st night, about twenty minutes to nine o'clock,
a second:fire broke outat the " Mark-lane Express"-cflice, in
Norfolk-street, Strand. Since the occurrence of the fire that
took place lately in the same office a strict survey of tRe
premises has taken place. Previous to closing last night,.on
proceeding to examine a back room on the second floor used
as a waste-paper depot, a cupboard was discovered to be in
flsmeF. Au immediate alarm was given, and- the parish
engine being almost immediately in attendance, the fire was
confined to the place in which it broke out, a large amount
of paper being consumed. Tho room in which the fire oc•
curred is immediately over the spot in which the former out-
break took place.

THE Fins -IN AIABIC-LANE.—Even as late as ten
o'clock last night an immense body of fire remained in the
ruins of the premises destroyed on Thursday morning last,
in Mark-lane. The surveyors to the several fire offices are
still actively engaged 'in endeavouring to find out the
amounts for which the different insurance companies are
liable, but owing' to the multiplicity of floating policies held
by the different merchants, nothing approximating to the
precise sums can yet be gleaned.

The cattle dealers and farmers of Glaigow are cle-
vibing measures to establish a new cattle market beyonclihe
gouda of the tUtulicipalitY. •