The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-06 00:00:00

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE,

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
CAPTAIN WARNER'S EXPERIMENT.

In consequence of the DESTRUCTIVE EXPLOSION off BRIGH-
TON, the Directors of the ROYAL POLYTECHIC INSTITUTION
yield to the generally expressed wish that Dr. RYAN should adapt
one of his Lectures to the subject of EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS.
This Lecture,!illustrated by Interesting Experiments, so far as they can
be shown wills perfect safety, will be delivered daily at half-past Three
o'clock, except on Mondays and Saturdays, and in the Evenings of
Monday; Wednesday, and Fridays, at a Quarter to Nine o'clock. On
Mondays and Saturdays, at Four o'clock, Dr. PUTT'S PNEUMA-
TIC MODE of forming SUBMARINE FOUNDATIONS in DEEP
WATER, with various interesting Experiments. Professor BACH-
HOFFNER'S Lectures, and all the other subjects of interest ia the
Institution. .

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNIIILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
:Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. ou the =wants invested on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
This institution offers many Important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CANIROUX, See.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES ASSURED.
MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL
LIFE OFFICE.

25, PALL-MALL, LONDON.
Capital, £500,000.

This Office is provided with very accurately constructed Tables, by
which it can ASSURE DISEASED LIVES on Equitable Terms.
_

The Extra Premium discontinued on restoration of the Assured to
permanent health.
INCREASED ANNUITIES granted on unsound Lives, the amount
varying with the particular disease.
Members of CONSUMPTIVE FAMILIES assured at Equitable
Rates.

HEALTHY LIVES are Assured at Lower Rates than at mail
other Wilco.

Policies of twelve months' standing are not affected by Suicides,
Duelling, &c. ; and Assigned Policies are valid from the date of the
Policy should death ensue from any of these causes.
F. G. P. NELSON, Actuary.

GREAT BRITAIN MUTUAL LIFE AS-
6ITRANCE SOCIETY,
14, WARTERLOO-PLACE, LONDON.
THE CHISHOLM. Chairman.
WILLIAM MORLEY, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
PECULIAR ADVANTAGES OF THIS INSTITUTION.
Credit given for half the amount of the first five Annual Premiums,
by which means Assurances may be effected with the least possible
present outlay, and after payment of the arrears, the Policy-holder
will become entitled to participate in the entire profit of this Institu-
tion, precisely in the same manner as if he had paid the whole amount
of his premiums in advance, in the usual way.
Thus, for example—a person in the twenty-fifth year of his age,
instead of paying 21. 6s. per annum for an Assurance of 1001., would
be required to pay IL 3s. only during the first five years, when, on
payment of the arrears of Premium, amounting to M. 155., his share
of the Profits would be such as to reduce his future Annual Pre-
miums to very little more than the half Premium of 11. 3s. originally
paid by him. The Great Britain is the only Mutual Assurance
society in which this very great accommodation is given to the As-
sured.
Credit allowed for the whole of the first five Annual Premiums, on
satisfactory security being given for the payment of the same at the
expiration of five years.
All the profits of the Institution divided annually among the Policy-
holders who shall have paid five Annual Premiums.
Full particulars are detailed in the Prospectus, which, with every
requisite information, may be obtained by application to
A. It. IRVINE, Managing Director.

TO BE SOLD, PURSUANT to a DECREE of
the HIGH COURT of CH-VINCI:PS, mMe in a Cause or
HILL r. SANDERS, with the approbation of Sir Oirriv WILSON,
one of the Masters of the Court, at the George the Fourth Hotel,
Nottingham, sometime in the month of September Next, of which
due notice will he given,
A FREEHOLD ESTATE, consisting of a piece of Land, situate in
the parish of St. Mary, Nottingham, late in the occupation of Daniel
Robinson, and two Messuages and Gardens thereto, situate at Basford
in the County of Nottingham, in the occupation of Thomas Walker
and another, and also a piece of land at Basford, in the occupation of
Mr. Carey.
Printed particulars are in the course of preparation, and may
shortly be had (gratis) at the said:Master's Chambers, in South-
ampton-buildings, Chancery-lane, London; of Messrs. Johnson, Son,
and Weatherall, King's Bench-walk, Temple, Solicitors ; of Mr.
Fiddey, Paper-buildings, Temple, Solicitor ; of Messrs. Cann and
Sanders, Nottingham, Solicitors; and of Mr. Snowball, Liverpool,
Solicitor, and at the place of Sale.
JOHNSON, SON, and WEATIIERALL, Inner Temple.

F.AMPLOYMENT.—Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents continuo to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
or the sale of their celebrated teas.

Offices, No. 9, Great St. llelen s-churchyard, Bishopsgate-street.
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a
pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but
little trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per
annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or lose.
Application to be made (if by letter post-paid) as above.

J
AVIES'S FINE WAX CANDLES, Is. sd. per lb.;
they only require trial to prove them the handsomest and
most economical candles in existence, that do not require sniffling.
Genuine Sperm Candles, 2s. 2d. per lb.—Superior transparent Wax, 2s.
241.—Genuine Wax, 2s. 3d.—Best kitchen and office Candles, 53, d.—Ex-
tra fine Moulded Candles, with the improved Wax Wicks, 7d.—Yellow
Soap, 465., 525., and 58s. per 1121bs.—Mottled, 60s. and 64s.—Wind-
sor and Palm, Is. 4d. per packet.—Old Brown Windsor, Is. 9d.—Rose,
2s.—Camphor, 2s.—Superior Almond, 2s. 6d.—Superfine Sealing-
wax, 4s. 6d. per lb.—Refined Sperm Oil, 7s. Od. per gallon—Solar Oil,
3s. 6d.—For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old Established Warehouse, 63, St.
Martin's-lane (opposite New Slaughter's Coffeehouse), Charing-cross.

LAMEST ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
" He who in pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or youthfu 'charms,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me behold a man I"
Just:published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 2s. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. fid.,
QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinking', Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon,
9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecary's Hall, London,&e.
" The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are trequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of ne appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.

. The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
cailering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
Journal. . .. . - . . —... . ... .

Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster—row; Starie, 23, Tichborne.street, Quadrant, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford.street ; Noble, 114, Chancery-
lane; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till 'three, and from Five till Eight.

ITALSE'S SCORBUTIC DROPS.
DECLARATION OF THE GUARDIANS OF BRENT,

DEVON.

We, the undersigned, solemnly declare that before Thomas Ro
bins, one of our parishioners, comenced taking " Halse's Scorbutic
Drops," he was literally covered with large running wounds (some
of them so large that a person might have laid his fist in them); that
before he bad finished the first bottle he noticed an improvement,
and that by continuing them tor some time, he got completely
restored to health, after everything else had failed. He had tried
various sorts of medicines before taking " Halse's Scorbutic Drops,"
and had prescriptions from the most celebrated physicians in this
country, without deriving the least benefit. " Halse's Scorbutic
Drops," have co r.pletely cured him, and he is nov enabled to attend
to his IW:our as well as any man in our parish. From other cures
also made in this part, we strongly recommend " Halse's Scorbutic
Drops" to the notice of the puLlic.
Signed by John Elliott, sen., Lord of the Manor, John Manning,
William Pearce, Henry Goodman, Arthur Langworthy.
. tine 21, 15 i 3.
. _

Whulesale Agents for London : Barclay and Son, FarringCon.
street ; 8:3, High Holborn ; Prout, 229, Strand ; Hurtley, 232,
131ackfriars-road; Johnston, 68, Cornhill ; King, 7, Napier-street,
near the Albert Saloon, Hoxton.

-N.B. Be sure to ask for" Halse's Scorbutic Drops." So'd in
Bottles at 2s. 9d. and in Pint Bottles, containing nearly six 2s. 9d.
Battles for lii

CORNS AND BUNIONS.
NO CHIROPODISTS!!-.7N0. CUTTING!!!

AU L'S EVERY MAN'S FRIEND
is a sure and speedy cure for those annoyances, without
causing the least pain or inconvenience. Unlike all other remedies
for corns, its oi.eration is such as to render the cutting of
corns altogether unnecessary: indeed, we may say, the practice of
cutting corns is at all times highly dangerous, and has been fre.
quently attended with lamentable consequences, besides its liability
to increase their growth. It adheres with the most gentle pressure,
producing an instant and delightful relief from torture, and, with
perseverance in its application, entirely eradicates the most in-
veterate corns and bunions.
EXTRAORDINARY TESTIMONIALS.
From Dr. Cummins, Lecturer on . Medical Jurisprudence at the

Aldersgate School of Medicine.
Dr. Cummins presents his compliments to Mr. Pau), and begs to
inform him that his Every Man's Friend has entirely taken away
his Corns, and he has recommended it to several of his friends and
patients, and in no one instance has it failed in eradicating both
Corns and Bunions.
From Dr. Ley, Midwifery Lecturer, at St. Bartholomew's

Hohaital.
Dr. Ley presents his compliments to Mr. Paul, and begs to inform
him that his Corn Plaster has taken away his Corns.
Similar Testimonials have been received from upwards of one
hundred Physicians and Surgeons of the greatest eminence.
Prepared by John Fox, in boxes, at Is. 134 d., or three small
boxes in one for 2s. 9d., and to be had of Mr. King, 7. Napier. street,
East, uear the Shaftesbury Arms, Hoxton, and all wholesale and
retail medicine venders in town and country. The genuine has the
name of John Fox on the stamp. A 23. lid, box cures the most
obdurate Corns.

Aik for .4 Paul's Every Alan's Friend.t!

SALES BY AUCTION.

IN BUCKS, NEAR TO BOXMOOR-STATION.
A CAPITAL MANOR FARM, NEARLY 300 'ACRES, in
OCCUPATION of a FIRST-RATE TENANT. LOTS of
GOOD SHOOTING, and in a HIGH and HEALTHY

POSITION.
MR. GEORGE ROBINS is directed to SELL
by AUCTION, at the Mart, in London, on TIWASDAY,
the ':9th of August, at Twelve o'Clock, in One Lot,
An exceedingly desirable FREEHOLD FARM, pleasantly
situate, within four miles of I3oxmoor, and less than three miles of
the pleasant market-town of Berkhempstead, and the two stations.
It is called

VALUABLE AND EXTENLIVE SLATE QUARRIES IN

NORTH WALES.

TO be DISPOSED OF, the extensive SLATE
QUARRIES, upon which a considerable capital has been
expended in arriving at the present favourable state. This Pro-
perty has capability to carry it out to an extent almost indefinite.
The royalty is very low, and the terms of the Wise are unusually
favourable. It will afford to a company or a few capitalists an
opportunity of investing, with a prospective view most encourag.
ing, and the opportunity to purchase the fee.simple on wry advan.
tageous terms, is amongst the most prominent of its numberless
advantages.

Principals only will make application at Mr. George Robins's
Offices, Covent.garden, who takes this opportunity to call the atten.
tion of the moneyed world to this valuable undertaking.

IMPORTANT TO CAPITALISTS.

TO be SOLD by PRIVATE TREATY, by Mr.
AL GEORGE ROBINS,

A VERY PROMISING SLATE QUARRY,

situate in Carnarvenshire, North Wales.

The Slate is of Excellent quality, of a rich grey-blue colour, and
can be had in abundance under but a very thin cover.

The work is already about 40 yards wide, and Is capable of
being extended to upwards of
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY YARDS,
where a large number of men may be employed moat advanta-
geously, and without the slightest risk. This is an Investment af.
fording a rare opportunity to any party with moderate capital to
accumulate

NVEST INDIA PINE-APPLES, per Fear
Not, In Twenty-six Days from New Providence.—For
PUBLIC SALE, at 2, Monument-yard, on Tuunsner, August 8,
1844, at Two o'Clock precisely, the following goods, viz., 3,000
BIRD'S-EYE, SUGAR-LOAF, and PROVIDENCE PINE-APPLES,
just arrived, per Fear Not, from New Providence, 40 Boxes WEST
INDIA ARROW-ROOT, 150 Tins UNDRESSED TURTLE, and
4 Cases EAST INDIA CANDIED GINGER.
Tu be viewed en the morning of sale, and catalogues to be had of
KEELING and HUNT, Brokers,
2, Monument-yartl, and 9, Pudding-lane.

STEAM BETWEEN LIVERPOOL AND NEW YORK.
FARE THIRTY GUINEAS, and ONE GUINEA STEWARDS'

FEE, including Provisions, &c., but not Wines
THE GREAT WESTERN Steam•ship, B. R.
:MATTHEWS, Commander, with new boilers, and thoroughly
refitted, will sail as follows
From Liverpool to New York. From New York to Liverpool.
Saturday, Aug. 17. Saturday, Sept. 14.
Saturday, Oct. 12. Saturday, Nov. 9.
For freight or further Particulars, apply at Bristol to W. M. Ben-
net, 35, Prinees-street.
London—T. M. Ward, Great Western Railway Office, Princes-street,
Bank.
Liverpool—Gibbs, Bright, and Co., North John-street.
Birmingham—John Poncia and Son, Pershore-street.
Hull—W. It. Goddard, Silver-street.
Leeds—Haigh and Womack, Benson's. buildings.
Glasgow—ll. B. Webb, Glassford-street.
Paris—Henry Bennett, Rue de la Paix, No. 6..
Havre-de-Grace—William Davidson.

The above steamer will sail from the Coburg Dock, Liverpool, on
Saturday, the 17th instant, at soon. Passengers are requested to
have their Luggage put on board early on that day.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS.

THE POLICE COMISSION:-Thvill be fresh in the re-
collection of our readers, that fivesentlemen were com-
mitted for trial by Mr. BroderiK the Thames Police-
court, on the 25th ult, upon the serious charges of riot
and disorderly conduct, and with assaulting Thomas
Cobley, policeman, 65 K, and attempting to rescue a
prisoner from his custody. Their names and addresses
are John Gardiner, Esq., of Brett's Hotel ; Wm. Robert
Gardiner, his son, a law student, of 76, Margaret-street,
Cavendish-square ; Frederick Lewis, also a law student,
of the same place ; Joshua Ungley Bateman, Esq., of
8, Avenue-road, Rege►it's Park, barrister-at-law ; and
Mr. Philip Francis Doit, of 58, Upper Warton• street,
gentleman.
The charge imputed to the defendants by the police
was, that they had conducted themselves violently in
the Commercial-road, East, shouting, " Down with the
police—,to h-- with the police;" that they had ob-
structed the officers in taking a drunken and disorderly
female to the station-house, and that they had gone so
far as to push against the police and tread upon their
toes. At the hearing before the Magistrate Mr. Bateman
and the other defendants solemnly declared that the
police had attributed language to them which originated
in falsehood, and complained that three of them had been
locked up in the station-house upon offering themselves
as witnesses for the other twodefendants. Notwithstand-
ing the repeated assurances of the defendants, Mr.
Broderip sent the case to these sessions, observing to Mr.
Bateman "You are a lawyer, and know that I cannot
deal with it summarily. It is either a riot to attempt to
rescue a prisoner, or it is nothing at all. It is impossible
for me to decide upon it ; the Act of Parliament gives
me no such jurisdiction." The defendants were then
ordered to find bail for 501. each, and the police were
bound over to prosecute in their own recognisance of 20/.
each.

Messrs. Clarkson, Bodkin, and Wilkins, had been re-
tained for the defence ; but, yesterday, some astonish-
ment was expressed in Court upon Inspector Valentine,
of the K division, entering the witness box, and addres-
sing the Learned Chairman, said he begged to apologise
for interrupting the Court, but he had been directed by
the superintendent to apply to withdraw the prosecu-
tions against the five above-named defendants, and to
request the Court to discharge the recognisance of the
policemen who have been bound over to appear.
The LEARNED CHAIRMAN inquired by whose autho-
rity the application was made.
The Inspector stated by the authority of the Police
Commissioners.

The CHAIRMAN next asked upon what grounds the
prosecution had been withdrawn, and the Inspector re-
plied that it was in consequence of no violence having
been used, or injury received by the police.
The CHAIRMAN remarked that it was a strange and
singular proceeding to bind parties over to prosecute
when no complaint was to be preferred.
After a few other observations, the application was
acceded to.

EXT*NSIVE FAlLuaE.—Much anxiety prevails in
Huddersfield, among the merchants and others in business,
from the reported failure of a very highly respectable firm in
the foreign trade. The liabilities of the firm are variously
stated, t from every account that can be obtained it is
confidently asserted that they cannot be much less than
30p001. The Huddersfield Bank, as well as many large and
small manufacturers, will be severe sufferers ; and rumour
states that the estate will not pay ls. 6d. in the pound.—
Halifax Guardian.

THE CALEDONIAN ASYLUM.
DEFEAT OF THE FREE SECEDERS.
A special general meeting of the members of this
Asylum was held yesterday at the Freemasons' Tavern,
on the subject of a proposed alteration is the by-laws of
the Institution. Much excitement was occasioned in
consequence of the expressed determination of the Free
Seceders to attempt a change in accordance with their
own principles. The meeting was announced to cont-
inence at two o'clock precisely, at which hour the chair
was taken by the Duke of Buccleuch, the President,
who was supported by the Marquis of Bute, Sir G.
Clerk, M.P., The Chisholm, Mr. P. M. Stewart, M.P.,
the Hon. Captain Gordon, M.P., General Aitchison,
Mr. Dallas, Mr. 11. Rose, Rev. J. Cumming, Mr. G.
Bain; Mr. G. Duff, &c. It was remarked that, at the
commencement of the proceedings, there were only three
or four of the Seceders present, and it was supposed by
some that they had resolved to abandon the contest on
which they had said they would enter.
His GRACE, on opening the business of the day, stated
that he had to attend a Cabinet Council very shortly,
and he regretted, therefore, that he should not be long
able to preside. The subscribers' were aware that some
changes in that Institution were contemplated—changes
to which he was directly opposed. In order to show that
he (the Duke) objected to such alterations, he would
beg leave to read a correspondence which had passed be-
tween himself and Mr. Bain, who is at present Chair-
man of the Committee of Directors of the Caledonian
Asylum. The correspondence was as fol-lows :
" Montagu-house, July 1, 1844.
" Sir,—l have been informed that some meetings of the
Committee of Directors of the Caledonian Asylum have
taken place, for the 'purpose of maturing the new arrange-
ments rendered necessary by the resignation of the Rev. Mr.
Lees, and by the prospect of extending the benefits of the
Institution to a certain number of girls.
" As President of that Institution, I shall be obliged to you
to inform me what steps have been taken towards the ma-
turing of the new arrangements, and also the nature of the
proposed new arrangements.
" This is so important a matter, as connected with the
future welfare and prosperity of the Institution, that I con-
sider a full meeting of all those persons who are qualified to
act upon the Committee should have been summoned to at-
tend the meeting to consider it ; and I am surprised that no
communication of any sort has been made to myself, or to
any one of the Vice-presidents of the asylum, all of whom
take a warm interest in its welfare.
"There is one point I desire especially to call to your
attention. This Institution has from its commencement
been in connection with the Established Church of Scotland.
As a public Institution it should so continue. That was the
intention of its founders—that is the desire of a very large
majority of the present supporters of the asylum. I desire
to state distinctly, that neither as President of that Institu-
tion, nor as a subscriber towards its funds, will I consent
that the connection of the Caledonian Asylum with the
Establishment of Scotland shall be severed, or in any way
impaired.
" This opinion was expressed by me at the anniversary
meeting, but I have considered it to be my duty to repeat it
in a distinct form.-1 remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
" BUCCLELTCH, &c.,
"President of the Caledonian Asylum.
" To the Chairman of the Committee of Directors
of the Caledonian Asylum."
" 18, Parliament-street, July 15, 1844.
"My Lord Duke,—ln reference to the conversation which
I had the honour of having with your Grace on Saturday
last on the subject of the Caledonian Asylum, I now beg to
enclose herewith a copy of the scheme which has been pre-
pared for the future government of that institution, and
agreed to be adopted at a special general meeting of the Com-
mittee of Directors, on Monday, the Bth instant, with the
exception of that part relating to the Secretary's salary,
which has been reserved for further consideration.
" Another special meeting of the Directors is to take place
at the Asylum this day, at three o'clock ; but I presume that
any resolution which may be carried at this, or passed at the
previous meeting, must be confirmed or rejected by a Ge-
neral Court of the Corporation.
" In the meantime I shall be most happy to attend to any
wish or suggestion which your Grace may be please' to com-
municate to me.—l have the honour to be, my Lord Duke,
your Grace's most obedient and faithful servant,
" GEORGE BAIN.
" His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, K.G., &c."
" Montagu-house, July 15, 1844.
" Sir,—l have this moment received your letter of this
date, inclosing a copy of the scheme which has been prepared
for the future government of the Caledonian Asylum, and
agreed to be adopted at a special meeting of the Committee
of Directors on Monday, the Bth instant, with the exception
of the part relating to the Secretary's salary, which has been
reserved for future consideration.
" After reading that scheme, I am still more impressed that
no communication whatever has been made to me as Presi-
dent of that institution, nor to any of the Vice-presidents,
upon so very important a subject, one involving the future
welfare and prosperity of the institution, and affecting the
nature and character of it. I desire formally to protest against
the adoption of that scheme.
" I again state, that neither as President of the Caledo-
nian Asylum, nor as a subscriber towards its funds, will I
consent that the connection of that institution with the Es-
tablished Church of Scotland shall be severed or in any way
impaired. That scheme, if adopted, would first of all impair,
and ultimately tend to the severance of, that connexion.
Had it not been for the circumstance of my attention having
been accidently directed to the proceedings that were in pro-
gress, I should have been in entire ignorance of the changes
proposed, and the arrangements suggested. In the ordinary
daily management of the institution I have no desire to in-
terfere, but in such a matter as the present I consider it to
be my duty, as President, to take a part, and the duty of the
Committee of Directors to inform the President and Vice-
presidents of their intended meeting and proceedings, that
they might have an opportunity of expressing their opinion,
and recording their decision.
" I remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
" BUCCUCH, &c.,
" President of the Caledonia LE'
Asylum.
" To the Chairman of the Committee of Directors
of the Royal Caledonian Aysium."
During the reading of this correspondence a large
number of Free Seceders entered the room. Amongst
them was Mr. Patrick Maxwell Stewart, M.P., the Rev.
James Hamilton, Mr. Nisbett, the bookseller, and others.
The confusion having subsided,
Mr. P. M. STEWART, M.P., rose, apparently labour-
ing under strong excitement, and said—Your Grace,
this is sharp practice. This meeting was advertised for
two o'clock, and the chair was taken precisely at that
moment. It is always customary to allow a
quarter of an hour's grace, and that is the reason myself
and friends were not present at the time. I wish to
know what has been done.
The Duke of BUCCLEUCH explained to the Hon.
Member that a report had been read, but it was of no
importance, and that he had laid before the meeting
some correspondence which had passed between himself
and Mr. Bain, relative to contemplated alterations. The
reason the chair had been taken so exactly was that he
(the Duke) was desirous of attending a Cabinet Council
to be held that afternoon.
Mr. P. M. STEWART was satisfied with the explana-
tion the Chairman had offered, but still could not lose
sight of the fact that the Institution had got into con-
siderable entanglement in consequence of the proceedings
of some of the Directors. A committee appointed by a
general court had given in a report to the Directors, that
report having subsequently been unanimously approved
by another Court. In defiance of this judgment, the
Directors had overruled the report, and had submitted
another comparatively unimportant and which would, he
was quite sure, be in opposition to the views of that
meeting.—(" Hear, hear," from the Seceders.) As a
matter of justice, let the amended report be read.
The Duke of Buccuarcu explained, that the only
difference was this, that in the original report it was
provided that the schoolmaster appointed should be
an orthodox Presbyterian and ready to subscribe the
Westminster Confession of Faith, and the amendment
that he should be a member of the Church of Scot-
land as by law established. With regard to this matter,
namely, the qualification of the schoolmaster, a special
general meeting was called, and the original report was
confirmed. It was considered, and as he (the Duke)
thought very properly considered, that in au institution
like the Caledonian Asylum, the religious principles of
the master should be clearly and explicitly" defined. It
would be ruinous to their interests to allow a man to
come in whose religious character was not well under-
stood.—(Loud cheers.) It was of first-rate importance
that an institution which had so long enjoyed the super-
intendence of a clergyman of the Church of Scotland,
and whose examinations had been conducted by the
Presbytery of London, should continue to be in con-
nexion with that church, and that it should not be left
open to a sect dissenting from that, or any other church.
—(Cheers.) It was not a matter of church government,
but one affecting the religious education of the children.
—(Hear, hear.) In the letter he had written, and which
he had already read to the meeting, he had done all for
the welfare of the institution. If he had erred, he had
done it unwittingly, and with the best intentions.
Mr. P. M. STEWART still persiSted in having the
amended report (namely, his own), read to the meeting.
The lion. Member was loudly applauded by the So-
ceders present.
Mr. DALLAS would not rise for the purpose of pro-
moting further discussion, which could not be productive
of any good effect. Not only was he (Mr. Dallas) con-
vinced of the necessity of the master being a member of
the Church of Scotland, but would go much further, and
assert, that in the present circumstances, it was indis-
pensable that the master should either be a minister,
licentiate, or probatLiner of the Church of Scotland, and
he would move a resolution accordingly. He would
move, " That he shall be a minister, licentiate, or proba-
tioner of the Church of Scotland established by law."
Mr. HECTOR Rose discussed at some length the ques-
tion of qualification of masters as settled at previous
meetings. lie was an Episcopalian, and not likely,
therefore, to be swayed by either of the contending
parties in Scotland. He was quite of opinion that the
usefulness of the Caledonian Asylum was in a great
measure dependent on its connexion with the Established
Church of Scotland.—(Cheers.)
THE CHISHOLM, M.P., contended that Mr. Stewart
was wrong in the course he had taken on this occasion.
Mr. Stewart's report having been rejected, it could not
now come under the consideration of the meeting.
Mr. P. M. STEWART persisted that the course taken
by the speakers was extremely irregular and injudi-
cious. Why not let the meeting have his report read
for their approbation ? If that course were objected

to, as it appeared to be, he would move that in that
portion of the report which spoke of the school-
master that these words should be introduced—" That
the schoolmaster shall be an orthodox Presby-
terian, ready to subscribe to the Westminster Confes-
sion of Faith." He (Mr. Stewart) was a sincere friend to
the asylum, and he could not help remarking that when
the NAle Duke said that it was intended to Lever it
from the Established Church of Scotland, and when
other gentlemen indulged in the same mistaken senti-
ment—he could not help remarking that they were both
equally and egregiously mistaken.—(Loud cheers from
the Seceders.) In early times no clergyman had pre-
sided over that institution, and after some time the Rev.
Mr. Lees became its superintendent. A paragraph had
been inserted in the preface to one of the reports, stating
that a clergyman does superintend it, but that paragraph
by no means pledged them to the continuance of that
system. He (Mr. Stewart) and his friends did not want
to sever the institution from the Church—all they wanted
was, that a proper person should be elected, and, as an
earnest of his determination, he was willing to state that
should two persons be presented, one a member of the
Church of Scotland, and another of the Free Church
party, he would vote for the former, if his quali-
fications were better. He was sorry to find that
the subject had not been fairly treated by a portion
of the public press. In the Morning Post and another
morning paper, the most flagitious misrepresentations
had been made. They did not desire any alteration
with regard to the instruction of the children or the
books employed for that purpose. That cry had been
got up to alarm those who had not taken an active part
in the affairs of the asylum, and by those persons, out
voters, had his amendment been lost, and not by the re-
gular attendants at their special courts.—(Hear.)
A long desultory discussion ensued between Major-
General Aitchison, Mr. Stewart, and The Chisholm,
after which

Mr. JAMES GORDON DUFF rose—He had no sympathy
with the seceders from the Church of Scotland, still he
thought it would be advisable for them to avoid the dis-
cussion of such questions altogether. The question had
been forced upon them now, and it must be dealt with in
the best manner possible. It was a very bad compliment
to a Committee when sending in their report to have it
thrown back in their teeth, with a command to them to
swear black was white. lie felt that in the present in-
stance the Committee had not been well treated, and he
should therefore second the motion of Mr. Patrick Max-
well Stewart.—(Cheers from the Seceders.)
The Marquis of BUTE thought that the intention of
Mr. Stewart to avoid division by the course he had
adopted would be completely thwarted. In fact, he had
taken just that course which would have the effect of
promoting divisions. —(Hear, hear.) The only way to
prevent divisions was to leave matters alone, and then
some course would have been taken by the directors.
The distinction which Mr. Stewart proposed was one of
words alone, and quite incomprehensible. To tell the
meeting that no severance was intended was absurd in
the highest degree—the object was clear, and not to be
misunderstood. When they talked of an orthodox Pres-
byterian who subscribed the Westminster Confession of
Faith, they talked of what was entirely unknown to the
constitution of this country and to the people of Scot-
land.—(Hear, hear.) Since the secession from the
Church of Scotland had taken place, he (the Marquis of
Bute) had always refrained from making any reflections
on the Seceders, but he could not help remarking that
they must have signed the confession of faith with other
intentions than those entertained by the Church of
Scotland, and not only had they done so, but they made
it their boast publicly to avow it. Twenty-five years'
subscriptions to the Caledonian Asylum had been got on
the faith that it was superintended by a clergyman of the
Church.—(Hear, hear.) Would they now stultify their
former act, and desert the principle on which they had
rested their claim for public support?
The Rev. J. CUMSIING, Minister of the National Scotch
Church, Crown-court, Covent-garden, believed that
changes such as that sought to be introduced, were in
the highest degree dangerous. It was easy enough to
adopt them, but it was never known where they would
end. There were various classes of orthodox Presby-
terians, and, therefore, the introduction of that term as
recommended, would be no safeguard. One class of
orthodox Presbyterians held the Solemn League and
Covenant, and believed it to be their duty to attempt the
extermination of Episcopacy. The encouragement of
such persons would offend those of their Episcopal
friends who were subscribers to the Asylum. And then
there was another class of orthodox Presbyterians who
left out an entire chapter of the Confession of Faith, de-
claratory of the duty of establishing a national church.
The encouragement of such persons would offend those
members of the Church of Scotland who were subscribers
to the Institution. If the meeting adopted the proposed
changes they were commencing a series of ills of the
most disastrous character. The safety of the Institu-
tion, he felt convinced, reposed on their adherence to
the principles they had so long and so successfully main-
tained.—(Cheers.)
Another long discussion ensued, and it was deter-
mined, Mr. Dallas's motion having been withdrawn, to
take the sense of the meeting on the motion of Mr.
Patrick Maxwell Stewart. _ _ _

His Grace the Duke of BECCLEUCH distinctly put the
question to the meeting, and having taken a show of
hands, declared the motion to be lost.
Mr. P. M. STEWART expressed his dissatisfaction. He
would not be content unless the names of the voters
were entered in a book, or at all events until a division
should take place.

The lattei suggestion was adopted, and tellers having
been appointed, the Seceders took the left hand of the
Noble Chairman, their opponents ranking themselves
on the right. The numbers were then declared to be—
For Mr. P. M. Stewart's motion
Against it 25
Majority against the Seceders 6
Mr. GORDON DUFF said, that after the boisterous pro-
ceedings of the day he should like to see one unanimous
decision. He was sure the motion he was about to pro-
pose would secure unanimity, namely, thanks to their
excellent President, the Duke of Buccleuch.
The Marquis of BUTE had great pleasure in second-
ing the motion, which was carried by acclamation.
The Duke of BuccLEucn acknowledged the compli-
ment, and the meeting dispersed, after a sitting of
upwards of two hours.

THE SANATORY REPORT.
(From Bell's Life in London.)
This report has at length been published, and its
contents are such as to do honour to the industry of the
Commissioners, and the witnesses who have been called
on to give evidence before them. There is above all
others, one service which it will render to religion and
morals, as well as to the poor in their physical condition.
It will displace, and for ever utterly destroy, that cruel
and blasphemous proposition, that war, and plague, and
wretchedness are the natural checks upon a redundant
population. That these things may destroy life, is no
doubt true—that they will permanently check the too
rapid advance of population is now shown to be false.
Nature and religion are now freed from a tenet which
seemed to contradict both, but which appeared so true,
that nothing but a very strict and exact examination of
intricate and multitudinous facts could possibly have de-
tected and exposed its fallacy. Mr. Chadwick deserves
the credit of having first given to the world this con-
tradiction of a belief which was admitted by all good
men, with the deepest regret, and the complete and
overwhelming contradiction to which will be received
by them with the greatest joy. The Commissioners
have fully worked out the contradiction which Mr.
Chadwick first offered to the glad acceptance of all
feeling and religious men. It is now clear, that when
these scourges of the human race, war and pestilence,
diminish the amount of the population, they do it only
for a time, at the fearful cost of substituting an un-
healthy and weakly, for a healthy and vigorous race
of men. The numbers wasted by pestilence are soon
supplied, but if that pestilence is of the slew, though
continually operating kind, if it proceeds from dirt,
and the want of the means of cleanliness, those num-
bers will be recruited by creatures suffering from the
same causes which occasioned the deaths of their pa-
rents, and oppressed through a short life with the
dreadful curse which attended their entrance into ex-
istence. And these wretched creatures will come into
existence in larger numbers than their more fortunate
fellow-beings. What is the lesson taught us by this
fact ? What but that which reason and religion would
alike have taught before—that to diminish the amount
of human misery in any classes peculiarly exposed in
their circumstances to its visitation, is to increase the
comfort and happiness of all. No one class can be
happy while others are suffering around it—no one body
of men can long prosper on the wretchedness of those
who are about them. All human events work in a
perpetual circle, and sooner or later the mischief, in-
flicted or permitted to be inflicted upon some, returns
on those who might have prevented its existence. In
a moral and political point of view, all far-seeing men
had known this to be the fact, and statistics now
come to their aid to show that in the ordinary affairs
of the internal economy of a nation, the same rule
applies with equal force. Nature is thus vindicated
from that which appeared to be a fearful self-con-
tradiction, and the wish to improve the condition of the
lower classes will receive additional strength from the
circumstance that those who possess the power to effect
the improvement hare an interest in effecting it. We
are happy to be able to add, that even pecuniary in-
terest is now proved to be on tke same side with
morality and good-feeling, and that the researches re-
cently made abundantly show, that improvements in the
dwellings of the poor, care for their health, and atten-
tion to their advantage and happiness, will not only
benefit, them directly, and their superiors indirectly,
(though quite as extensively), but will diminish the ex-
penses, and improve the profits of all. Wo could not
avoid referring to this one great and gratifying dis-
covery, but the report itself is full of matter of the
highest interest and importance, and we shall again and
again refer to its contents.

The Earl and Countess of Gainsborough and Lady Louisa
Noel have left Barham Court, Keut, cni A tour in Germany.

POST-OFFICE ESPIONAGE.
REPORT FROM THE SECRET COMMITTEE
RELATIVE TO THE POST-OFFICE.
By the Lords Committees appointed a Secret Committee
to inquire into the state of the law in respect to the
detaining and opening of letters at the Post-office, and
into the mode under which the authority given for
such opening and detaining has been exercised, and to
report their opinion thereupon and observations to the
House ; end to whom was referred the petition oi
Joseph Mazzini, of 47, Devonshire-street, Queen-
square, complaining of his letters having been de-
tained and opened at the Post-office, and praying for
inquiry ;
Ordered to report—That the Committee have met,
and inquired into the subject referred to them, and have
examined sev. ral witnesses in relation thereto.
The Committee have not thought it necessary to at-
tempt to define the grounds upon which the Government
has exercised the power afforded by public conveyance
of letters of obtaining such information as might be
thought beneficial for the public service; it seems suffi-
cient for the present purpose to state that the exercise
of this power can be traced from the earliest institutions
of this country for the conveyance of letters, from Orders
in Council of the 22d of November, 1626, and 24th of
February, 1627. The Secretaries of State were in time
of "war and danger to the state to be made acquainted,
if they required it, with letters and communications to
foreign parts.
In 1657, upon the first establishment of a regular
post-office, it was stated in the ordinance to be the best
means to discover and prevent many dangerous and
wicked designs against the commonwealth.
In letting to farm the Post-office to individuals, and in
the proclamation of the 25th of May, 1663, and 25th of
August, 1683, the power is distinctly claimed and re-
served. The terms in which the provisions of the Act,
9th Anne, cap. 10, upon this subject, are enacted, can
only be explained upon the supposition that this power
was at the time fully recognised, for that Act gives no
power to the Secretary of State to detain or open letters,
but prohibits others from doing so, except by an express
warrant in writing, under the hand of the principal Se-
cretary, for every such opening or detaining.
The subsequent statute of 35th Geo. 111., cap. 62, and
Ist Vie., cap. 33, adopted nearly the same form of re-
cognition.
The power, therefore, appears to have been exercised
from the earliest period, and to have been recognised by
several Acts of Parliament.
This appears to the Committee to be the state of the
law in respect to the detaining and opening of letters at
the Post-office, and they do not find any other authority
for such detaining or opening.
The Committee have very carefully investigated the
mode in which this power has of late been exercised.
Lists and abstracts of the warrants for many years
back have been preserved at the Home-office ; but the
Committee have not thought it necessary minutely to
pursue the investigation to an earlier period than to the
year 1822, from which time only has any record of
warrants been preserved at the Post-office.
It appears that since 1822, 182 warrants have been
issued, averaging about eight per annum ; about two-
thirds of these have been for the purpose of either tracing
persons accused of offences, or of tracing property em-
bezzled by suspected offenders ; and the warrants have
been issued whenever application has been made to the
Under Secretary of State, upon grounds which have
seemed to the Principal Secretary of State to justify such
proceedirg.
The application has generally been made either by
magistrates or by solicitors conducting prosecutions, and
these parties have been put in possession of any useful
information thus obtained, but not of the original letters,
which have been usually returned to the Post-office, to
be forwarded to their original address.
The detention of letters has been invariably refused in
cases in which civil rights have alone been concerned.
The Committee have not had any means of estimat-
ing in what degree the examination of letters thus de-
tained has facilitated the administration of justice, the
result never being reported to the Home-office, but it is
known in some instances to have led to the apprehen,
sion and conviction of offenders, and to the recovery o
property.

It may seem that the issue of six or seven warrants
annually, in proportion to the 30,000 or 40,000 commit-
tals which take place in this kingdom, cannot be an effi-
cient instrument of police; but, on the other hand, the
issue of six or seven warrants upon a circulation of
220,000,000 of letters cannot be regarded as materially
interfering with the sanctity of private correspondence,
which, with these exceptions, there is not the slightest
ground to believe has been ever invaded.
The second class of warrants has been issued by the
Secretary of State at periods when the circumstances of
the country have seemed to threaten public tranquillity.
The warrants for detention of letters of this class have
scarcely, upon an average of twenty-one years, exceeded
two annually in Great Britain; and though under some
of the warrants not a single letter has been opened,
under others many have been detained and examined.

It does not appiar that from any one of these letters
specific knowledge of great importance has been ob-
tained. The information, however, which has been de-

rived from this source has been regarded as valuable,
and may have given better information upon danger ap-
prehended in particular districts than could be derived
from local observation, or than might be collected from
the vague and exaggerated rumours which in periods of
disturbance very usually prevail.
It is the concurrent opinion of witnesses who have
held high office, and who may be most competent to
form a sound judgment, that they would reluctantly see
this power abolished ; and possibly it might be thought
to be even more convenient and requisite in time of
foreign war than it is in our present state of peace.
The power of issuing warrants, which was first granted
by the Irish Act, 23 and 24 Geo. lIL, cap. 17, to the
Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor or Governors
of Ireland, has been very sparingly used, and the number
issued does not average more than two annually, and
these have been principally for the detection of suspected
criminals.

The Committee have examined into the case of the
petitioner whose petition has been referred to them. It
is true that Mr. Mazzini's letters were for about four
months stopped and opened, under the warrant of the
Secretary of state for the Home Department, and in-
spected by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
upon an apprehension that he was engaged in a corre-
spondence having for its object designs which might be
injurious to the tranquillity of Europe. Certain parts
of the information thus obtained were communicated to
a foreign Government, in so far as such a communica-
tion appeared to be warranted, but without the names or
details that might expose any individual then residing in
the foreign country to which the information was trans-
mitted to danger.
The Committee are bound, in conclusion, to state, that
having looked back to the proceedings of several Secre-
taries of State during successive Administrations for more
than twenty years, they have found the practice has
been nearly uniform, that the power has been very
sparingly exercised, and never from personal or party
motives, and that in every case investigated it seems to
have been directed by an earnest and faithful desire to
adopt that course which appeared to be necessary, either
to promote the ends of justice or to prevent a disturb-
ance of the public tranquillity, or otherwise to promote
the best interests of the country.
The Committee leave it to the Legislature to deter-
mine whether this power shall continuo to exist, and have
discussed such rules as have been suggested as guards
upon its future exercise ; namely, first the concurrence of
more than one of the high officers of State in the issue
of each warrant ; and, secondly, a better and more de-
tailed record than is at present kept of the grounds upon
which each warrant is issued.

They think that the responsibility will be more effec-
tive when resting upon the individuals who are mainly
charged with the preservation of the peace and the pre-
vention of crime in this country, than if it were divided
with others; and a more detailed account than is already
kept of the grounds upon which each warrant is granted
would frequently have the effect of leaving in the office
a grave accusation, without affording an opportunity of
reply or defence.
It is in evidence that, though bags have been some-
times detained and examined, upon a supposition that
letters from them may have been abstracted, no letters
from such bags have been opened; nor have any letters
been opened at the Post-office, except letters which, from
defects in the direction, could not be forwarded to their
destination, unclaimed letters, and letters detained by
warrant from the Secretary of State.
It appears to have for a long period of time, and under
many successive administrations, been an established
practice, that the foreign correspondence of Foreign Mi-
nisters, passing through the General Post-office, should
be sent to a department of the Foreign-office before the
forwarding of such correspondence according to its ad.
dress. The Postmaster-General, having had his atten-
tion called to the fact, that there was no sufficient
authority for this practice, has since June discontinued
it altogether.

COTJNT NESSELRODE.—The General Steam Navi-
gation Company's mail packet Columbine, Captain W. Nor-
wood, arrived oti Blackwall-pier yesterday, at 2 o'clock, with
the Dutch mail bags. Among the passengers on board the
Columbine was Count Nesselrode, whose anticipated arrival
was alluded to in this journal of yesterday, and who is ac-
companied by his son, Count Drintry Nesselrode, First Secre-
tary of Legation at Berlin. The Columbine had a very
boisterous passage. On arriving at Helvoetsluys, the weather
continued so bad that Captain Norwood cast anchor for
several hours, and only left that place late on Sunday, arriv-
ing at Blackwell, as stated above, at 2 o'clock yesterday.
His Excellency Baron Brunnow having been in hourly ex-
pectation of Count Nesselrode's arrival, was, with Chevalier
Bonkhausen, in attendance to receive the distinguished
foreigner, who upon landing entered the Ambassador's car-
riage, and arrived in Dover-street shortly after 4 o'clock. It
is scarcely necessary to add, that Count Nesselrode the Duke
of Wellington, and Prince Metternich, are among the few re-
maining individuals who witnessed all the great events of
1813, 1814, and 1815. The principal object of the Counts visit
to this country is to enjoy the benefit of sea bathing, and it
is reported that he will leave town for Brighton early next
week.