The Sun.
London, England, 1868-10-02 00:00:00

TIC SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1868.

improvement in all directions. Happily, we live in
times when ignorance is no longer looked upon as
safety to the rest of the community. But it is one
thing to acknowledge that " Knowledge is power,"
and another to ascertain the best means of impart-
ing it to our fellow-creatures, so that each in the
degree best suited to his capacities may employ his
talents to the service of his country and to the good
of his generation. Lord CARNARVON takes
very just views of this important national question,
and does not hold to compulsory education as being
likely to advance our interests. He speaks in a
comprehensive spirit of the changes necessary, and
all who study the subject carefully must recognise
its vast importance, and the influence it will have
for good or evil on the mind of the community,
according as those in authority continue to march
in the right direction or keep in the wrong, since
for to be neutral in such a matter is now quite im-
possible.

The Ist of October is always a day of much in-
terest to the members of a very important profes-
sion. Year by year the young students of the
noble science of medicine assemble in those great
charitable establishments for the relief of suffering
which are among the proudest boasts of English
benevolence. Year by year some fresh discoveries
in science, some fresh applications of time-worn
knowledge have to be recorded by the experienced
scholars who endeavour on these occasions to im-
part their own stores of mental wealth to those who
are to follow in their footsteps, and every succes-
sive anniversary chronicles too, we may hope, some
loosening of the fetters of prejudice, and some ad-
vance in that great path of physiological
knowledge which, after all, is the high road
to medical success. The poet tells us that
" The proper study of mankind is man," and
though he intended his aphorism to be applied in a
mental and moral rather than a physical, sense, yet
the physician or the surgeon who aims at an ex-
tended practice cannot do better than act upon
the theory. It is not enough for him to look only 1
to the particular developments of some particular
disease, to study the most efficacious treatment of
1 a specific complaint in the abstract. Ile needs a
keen insight into temperament and character, a
quick perception of the influence of surrounding
associations, and a firm reliance on those natural
laws of health and physical well-being which are
never disregarded with impunity. No drugs will
cure the man, be he rich or poor, who spends nearly
all his life in a close and heated office or work-
room, entirely disregarding the benefits of fresh
air and bodily exercise. No man of science, how-
ever able, can counteraet the influence of an in-
temperate and dissipated life. No physician, what-
ever his ability or his acquirements, can " minister
to a mind diseased," or prevent the fretted nerves
and overworked brain from making themselves felt
by the whole system. But it is part of the office
of the medical adviser to demonstrate those facts
and to convince his patients of the necessity of
doing their own part towards their cure. I-Ie can
point out to the aniious mother that the excess of
her anxiety is defeating itself by rendering her little
ones too sensitive to bear the breath of heaven,
too fragile to withstand those daily risks and
ailments which the children of less careful and
watchful parents pass by with safety and indifference.
He can tell the ambitious parents of older children
that to over-tax the young unformed frame and brain
before they have attained their full development is
to bring a bitter penalty on maturer years, and. he
can warn the men of business or the woman of
fashion that their excessive devotion to their all-
engrossing pursuits is leading them along the verge
of a precipice.
Never were the general features of physio!ogy.
better known or more commonly received, yet
never perhaps were they more completely disre-
garded in proportion to the general know-
ledge. It is true that our public sanitary im-
provements have exercised a most beneficial
influence on the health of the community, that
our public buildings and our private dwelling
houses show that we have learned something of the
value of ventilation and drainage, bnt in compari-
son with our knowledge how poor are our achieve-
ments. There are thousands of closely-peopled
houses in this very metropolis in which drainage
and ventilation and a good and regular water sup-
ply are things unknown, although it is an openly
acknowledged fact that health is impossible without
them, and every such neglected area is a focus of
mischief, spreacUng disease and degradation around.
We avoid, it is true, many of the errors of our fore-
fathers, yet it is very much to be questioned
whether the excessive wear and tear of our present
line of life does not in the end outweigh the advan-
-1 tages we have gained.

Our medical teachers have, therefore, no light or
easy task. They may not find us inapt scholars,
but we are certainly inattentive ones, and the old
distich about his Satanic Majesty's good resolutions
on a sick bed is daily realised by the patient, who,
breaking down from over work and excitement,
listens deferentially to his doctor's warning, and
goes back to the old high-pressure system again.
It is noticeable as a sign of the enlarged view
which our medical men of science are taking of
their profession that they have ceased altogether
to speak with the confidence and dogmatism of
other da3 s. At the Charing-cross Hospital, yes-
terday, Dr. POLLOCK, in addressing his students,
cautioned them especially against the system of
" cramming," which, he said, was quite insufficient
to teach a profession in which the first physicians_
and surgeons were still students. Dr. BARNES, at
St. Thomas's, gave advice of a similar character,
and denounced the practice of loading the me-
mory with book learning, instead of cultivat-
ing " practical manual dexterity and bedside
skill." Many of the lecturers discussed the knotty
point whether the study of medicine should be
classed among the arts or the sciences. Dr. MOXON
at Gay's refused to place it among the sciences,
since, he said, it was not like mathematics or che-
mistry, because each of these was constructive--
the first of the elements of thought, the sec)nd of
the elements of nature ; neither was it like zoology
which is mere classification, because they could not
define a disease. Some people called anatomy and
physiology sciences, but they were in truth no more
than common narratives of facts, and the students
should learn diseases as facts in nature. At
University College Hospital, Professor ERICHSEN
held that medicine was a science according to the
definition of Dr. JOHNSON, " a certainty grounded
on demonstration, or a❑ art attained by precept
and built on principles." At King's College Hos-
pital, Dr. Guy- found perhaps the happiest solution
of the problem. Let its place, he said, among the
sciences be what it might, its right to the foremost
place among the arts was not to be questioned.
The art of healing, practised in the light of all the
sciences which entered into the medical curriculum,
was one of which its votaries need not be ashamed.
Certainly, while the student needs to follow the
exactitude of a science in his studies, the practical
medical adviser needs the elasticity and the versa-
tility of_the artist ; and in this sense the profession
of medicine may claim to have a share both in arts
and sciences, combining their characteristics, and
partaking of their nature,

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

TB E INSURRECTION IN SPAIN.

PAnis, Oct. 2.
The Moniteur of to-day publishes the following
telegram :

MADRID, Oct. 1, 1 p.m.

The Generals who were expected have not yet
arrived. Marshal Serrano sent word that he feared
disturbances would occur if he left the troops.
General Prim is said to intend going to Catalonia,
where Count Cheste held the command.

'l'he capital yesterday and last night was quiet.
The national guards and volunteers are disarm-
ing the mob to whom arms have been served out in
the, first instance. The Royal Palace is respected.
In the course of to-day the election of the mem-
bers of the Central Junta will take place by uni-
versal suffrage. It does not appear that the diffe-
rent parties concerned have as yet come to an
understanding.

As soon as the news of the ruing in Madrid
reached Corunna the troops and the Galician
population joined in a pronuncianziento, and a Pro-
visional Junta was established.

MADRID, Oct. 1, Evening.

The elections for the Central Junta are proceed-
ing in perfect order. The candidates probably
chosen will be a member of the Progressionist
party, a Unionist, and a Democrat. General
Calonge has been captured by the peasants and
sent to the fortress of Santona.

General Prim has taken the route from Cartha-
genia into Catalonia. Marshal Serrano is advanc-
ing on Madrid. Count Chests is wandering about
in the direction of the French frontier.

The whole of Spain has now joined the insurrec-
tion. The troops hitherto under the command of
the Marquis de Novaliches will give in their final
adhesion to the movement to-day.

ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE THE
VICEROY OF EGYPT.
ALEXANDRIA, Oct. 1.
While the Viceroy of Egypt was visiting an
illumination in a narrow street at Cairo, an attempt
was made to assassinate him by dropping a steel
ball, armed with sharp barbs, on his head. The
ball fell against the carriage, and, no gunpowder
being used, the Viceroy escaped uninjured.
No clue has been obtained to the perpetrator of
this act.
On his Highness's arrival at Alexandria the
foreign Consuls will present an address to him, con-
gratulating him on his escape.

ARRIVAL OF THE RUSSIA.
(Via Queenstown).
NEW YORK, Sept. 23 (Morning).

The agent of the Freedmen's Bureau in Georgia
claims that the whites were the aggressors in the
riot at Camilla, in that they attacked the negroes
on the pretence that the latter were armed contrary
to law. The sheriff of the county reports that he
attempted to disperse the negroes for carrying arms
contrary to the laws of the State, and that the
negroes, provoked at a shot which was fired by a
drunken bystander, fired upon the whites, wound _
ing six persons. The President has ordered an in-
vestigation into the riot.
The Georgia Legislature has rejected the sug-
gestion of Governor Bullock to ask for the aid of
national troops to preserve the peace of the State.
A fight took place last night at New Orleans be-
tween the Republican and Democratic clubs. No
casualties are reported. A. renewal of the dis-
turbances is feared.

The prosecution in the Surratt trial has filed a
demurrer to the application of the counsel for the
defence for the dismissal of the conspiracy charge
under the provisions of the annuity proclamation.

A large and enthusiastic Republican meeting
was held at the Cooper Institute in New York last
General Fremont was among the

evening.
speakers.

A letter from General Dix, from Paris, has been
published opposing the election of Mr. Seymour.
The cotton reports from Tennessee continue
unfavourable.

Wright's report states that in Georgia, Alabama,
and Florida the cotton is much damaged by worms
and rains.

QUEENSTOWN, OCt 1.

The Inman Royal mail steamer, City of London,
arrived here at six this morning. Having em-
barked mails and passengers she proceeded for
New York at 3.45 p.m. All well.

CROOKHAVEN, Oct. 2.

The Cunard Royal Mail steamer Russia, from
New York, has passed Browhead Signal Station,
en route, for Queenstalvn.
SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 2.

The Hamburg and Ankuican Company's steamer
Holsatia, from New York, passed the Needles at
12.15 p.m. to-day.

CORRESPONDENCE PROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, THURSDAY, October 1.

The bloodless victory of the revolution in Spain
is received with universal satisfaction here: the
French people are generally gratified at the result,
the official journals are beginning to recognise
the new Government, whilst the Liberal papers
are vehement in their demonstrations of delight.
For the first time during any Spanish revolution have the
funds of that country risen on the Bourse. Though the
future is beset with uncertainty, the French people are
generally hopeful that the tide in the affairs of their
neighbours has begun to turn. As to the future Govern-
ment little can be said : the project of a
union with Portugal has numerous supporters, and the
Republicans are strong ; but the chances of the Duke and
Duchess of Montpensier may be described as nil. There
is really no resource but to wait the assembling of the
Cortes which is to be elected by universal suffrage.
The statement that the Provisional Junta at Madrid had
offered the crown to the King of Portugal is utterly devoid
of foundation. The Junta is not even a Provisional
Government, but merely the prelude to one.
It is reported that for some days past soldiers have been
sent off on furlough from the French army. It is also
added that the experiments with the new arms at the
camp of Chalons, though they have been successful, have
shewn that further care is requisite before their merits can
be conclusively estimated. All this is in favour of peace,
and the diversion in the south is an additional guarantee.
The Emperor cannot open the long-expected campaign on
the Rhine until it is determined what sort of Government
is to control the destinies of Spain.

The Madeleine has been appointed as the resting-place
for the remains of Count Walewski. The funeral of the
deceased statesman will take place on Saturday, not, as
has been stated, at the cost of the Treasury, but at that
of his Majesty's civil list. On Tuesday the solemn rite took
place in the Strasburg Cathedral. The Emperor was
represented on the occasion by two officers of his house-
hold and a Master of the Ceremonies. In the afternoon
the coffin was conveyed to Paris by the Eastern Railway,
and yesterday morning a chapelle ardente was prepared in
the Madeleine.

The death of Count Walewski leaves a vacancy in the
Privy Council. It is said that M. Baroche, who is in very
bad health, will give up the portfolio of Justice for the less
laborious post.

Next week the Paris, Lyons, and Mediterranean Eau-
way Company will open the last section of its Nice and
Monaco line, which unites the French frontier to Italy.
This enormous undertaking—that is, the whole line of the
company--bas been earning of late from £179,000 to £lBO,OOO
per week. When the entire system has been brought into
operation, there appears to be little doubt that the revenue
will materially exceed £200,000 per week.
The Italian Government has done what must be consi-
dered a somewhat spiteful action. It has appointed the
Italian Consul-General at Belgrade to be the Italian
Minister at Mexico. This recognition of the Govern.
meat of Juarez is not likely to be very agreeable to the
French Emperor.
The Revue de Deux Mondes has an article on the Fooa
Consumption of Paris, which contains some curious reve-
litions respecting the ultimate destiny of broken victuals.
I quote the following :—" In the large lyceums and
schools of Paris boys are generally very waste-
ful ; they will throw away half the bread they
get for lunch, tread upon it, kick it into the
gutter, ink it, etc. None of these fragments are lost ;
the servants sell them to certain dealers who are called
soulangers en vieux, and turn their acquisitions to good
account. They first pick out all the tolerable pieces,
which they heat in an oven and then rasp clean ; thus
prepared, these bits reappear in the market in the
shape of toast for soup. Most of the croutons
cut into lozenges and served on the tables of
the rich, with spinach, have no other origin. As for the
dirty crumbs and refuse left after the picking, they are
pounded in a mortar and sold to butchers as chapeTure,
with which they cover their cutlets and knuckles of ham.
The really filthy remainder, what is too bad even for
chapelure, is blackened over a fire, pounded, and then
mixed up with honey aromatised with a few drops of
essence of peppermint ; this is sold as an opiate for the
toothache !"

THE WEATHER TABLE.-THIS DAY.