The Sun.
London, England, 1850-10-31 00:00:00

,00
Now, the reserved third, or 16,000 acres at £4
105.,0 would produce 8,4001., and thus a balance of 3,7401.
would appear on the transaction as a margin for con-
tingencies and as interest for money employed. It
appears also that a capital of .5,000/. would be suffi-
cient to commence with. 1 will not enter now into
minor details, such as why the sums in the account
have been assumed, my object being simply to give
an example and excite inquiry into the system; nor
will I show the balance that would accrue from the
lab„ur-fund. I am at present merely sketching an
outline. The accounts of such an emigration have,
however, been worked out, and can be produced.
Nothing has as yet been said as to the expense of
passage, &c. I propose that this should be paid by
the parish from which the emigrants are sent. I find
that the average cost of a pauper is 61. 10s. per an-
num, inclusive of casuals. Any parish would, there-
fore, be glad to give that sum to get any one perma-
nently off its list. The passage would not, if pro-
perly managed, cost more than 41. 10s., and I would
reserve the remaining 21. for the purposes of religion
and education, and fur the supply of medical aid and
supervision. This would give 2,4001. One clergy-
man and one medical man should have charge of the
emigrants for each five years of the emigration, and I
would give them for that term 1001. each per annum.
This would require for ten years 2,000/., and the
remaining 4001. might be employed iu building their
houses, providing their outfit, stock, &c. They should
have 250 acres of land from the reserved 2,000, and
the 1,000 remaining be devoted to public purposes,
with the fraction over and above .50 acres to each
emigrant family; and if the general supervision of
the whole were committed to them, further advan-
tages might be afforded them from the surplus of the
labour-fund of the emigrants. I have no hesitation
in affirming that good men from both professions
might be obtained on those terms. I believe, also,
that et the expiration of five years each half of the
settlement would be able to provide them a a suffi-
cient remuneration for their services, as well as for
the instruction of the children, who would then be
growing up.

The only difficulty attending this plan would be
found in winding up the accounts, which would
spread over a period of fifteen years. This, however,
is on the. supposition that the emigration should then
cease, and should be limited to the number I have
assumed. As, however, neither would be desirable,
the advantages to be derived being in proportion to
the extent to which the scheme is developed, this
need not be considered. If I have said enough to
show that a mixed emigration could be carried on at
so trifling an outlay without loss, and provided with
all requisites for its success, I have said enough.
For intruding this on the notice of the public I
make no apology. If the scheme is a good one, no
apology is needed; if not, the intention may excuse
the defect. I may remark, however, that those con-
versant with the feelings of the labouring men of
the present day know well how often the thought re-
curs to them in their difficulties, that it is the duty
of the Government, or those who have the means, to
mark out some scheme of emigration for their relief.
I desire to show them that some at least of their
countrymen are neither ignorant nor careless of their
wants; I would escape the imputation of neglecting
to forward so desirable an object. I remember that
the only wants our North American colonies can ever
feel—capital and labour—may by this means be sup-
plied, and that the mother country could not adept
more certain means of retaining the affection of her
children than by ministering to those wants.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
C. G. NICOLAY
9, Sloane-terrace, Sloane-street.

MONEY MARKET—The premium on gold at Paris
is 41 per mile, which, at the English Mint price of
3/. 17s. 10A. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex-
change of 25.26; and the exchange at Paris on London
at short being 25.20, it follows that gold is 0.24 per
cant, dearer in Paris than in London. By advice* from
Ilumburgh the price of gold is 429 per mark, which,
at the English Mint price of 31. 17e. 10 d. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 13.7; and the ex-
change at llamburgh on London at short being 13.7 i,
it follows that gold is 0.35 per cent. cicarcr in Ham-
burgh than in London. Tie course of exchange at
New York on London for bills at 60 days' sight is 11(4
par cent., and the par of exchange between England and
America being 109 23-40 ner cent., it follows that the
exchange is nominally 1.17 per cent. in favour of Eng-
land, and after making allowance for difference of
interest and charges of transport, the present rate
leavesed States.
aptreos.fit on the importation of gold from the
United

BEEF FE.031 THE VATICAN.—Among the recent im-
pertatlons of foreign
;J.] eo,mthietommoe,st
thoughremarkable
the ibsutllli afrtomo f
nbucllat
tineetx.ll traon
rill probably be the more useful of the two. Oa
arriving in this country, the Roman bull gave such indica-
cioia-re.,i,g
tions of being likely to prove mischievous, that it has been
found necessary to take him boldly by the horns. No inten-
tion, however, exists of placing him under any forcible re-
straint; and he will be suffered to range at large, unmolested.
lletssi.s hod,
se pheodu, l
at I ihaet ,
baeftgeirn a ltl
0, bbee'w
ti
rllo
ut übrinesoomu te, perfectly
e r ghya rinma n
mentioned in the papers the other day, as having mesmerised
a bull, or some other clergyman equally clever, mutt beta
work and quiet biro,—Pouch.

7the ac unts current relating to the coast and
.rfOt to the interi —the climate is more than usually
healthy (it is far from disagreeable, as I can myself
testify) ; the scenery of surpassing beauty, and the
natural capabilities equal to any, superior to most, of
our North American colonies. Of course, tho rail-
road to which I have referred, placing, as it wil
do, the capital, Fredericton, iwithin eleven or twelve
days of London, adds much to its other ad-
vantages; but the arrangements recently made
for sale of waste lands give it an interest'
peculiarly its own. Its Government, under, we may
believe, the inspiration of Sir Edmund Read,
has been the first to acknowledge the truth of the
dictum of the old Grecian, " That an inhabited coun-
try is indeed valuable, but one destitute of inhabitants
is destitute of value also," and, having determined to
look at land only us an inducement to emigration,
have placed a nominal value only upon it—or rather
land is given to those who will pay for the expense of
the survey and for opening the necessary communica-
tion. This Patter they may do themselves, under the
superintendence of the Government surveyors ; and
thus lard of the best quality is to be had there for
one shilling and ot.e nay's work on the roads per acre.
New Brunswick has thus taken the lead among the
colonies in offering land at a price available fur gene-
ral-emigration, and our Government at home has an-
ticipated the step necessary to enable us to take ad-
vantage of its offer by providing, by Act of Parlia-
ment, that parishes may borrow money for the pur-
roes of (migration on the security of the poor -rates.
With the technicalities of this .1 need not trouble
you, but it is quite clear that the thing may be done.
It is not, of course, necessary that the plan to be
proposed should be put in execution by the parochial
authorities. It might be as well—perhaps bettee—.
managed by a body of gentlemen forming a committee
for the purpose. It might be done by Govern-
ment. It might even be done, and well done, by a
body of shareholders intending themselves to emi-
grate and settle on the land—holding, say, fifty shares
of 1001. each. But as our guardians of the poor are
those whose duty it is to see not only that the poor
be provided for, but that the provision be made at the
least possible expense and in the most efficacious way,
I have taken the liberty to presume the possibility
that they may do their duty. Let us, then, suppose
a case, select a locality, and arrange our emigration.
The River Tobique, an affluent of St. John's from
the north, presents, perhaps, more desirable features
for settlement than any other portion of New Bruns-
wick. The valley, extending about twenty-five miles
from its confluence with the parent river to the mouth
of its affluent, the Gulquac, is remarkable for its
beauty and fertility, respecting which I need say no
more than that its soil varies from red sandstone to
limestone, and that it possesses vast stores of gypsum.
Let us suppose permission obtained from the colonial
government to take up this valley for the purposes of
emigration, and estimate its contents at about 50,000,
and reserving 2,000 ; say, for convenience of calcula-
tion, 48,000 acres.

I should propose to place on this land in ten years
1,200 persons, or 120 annually. I presume those se-
lected to be married couples, and take no account of
children, as the extra expense of a few would be of no
moment, and it is desirable, on every account, that as
few should go out as possible. Each couple should
have fifty acres of land, which, allowing a fraction for
roads, &c., would be about two-thirds of the whole;
a free passage; food for so long as they were without
return of crops from their lands ; a log hut, and im-
plements of labour. The question then arises, How
are these advantages to be paid for? As whatever
might be provided for the use of the emigrants, the
cost of land included, would be paid to their ac.
count, and a return, either 'in money or labour, re-
quired, before they obtain full possession of their
land, it is obvious that the ultimate expense would be
nil, provided the labour of the emigrants, in the event
of their not being able to offer other payment, be ap-
plicable to good account. It is for this purpose that
one-third of the land is reserved. This I should put
up for sale to settlers with capital, and the work re-
quired in the first instance by the local government
being performed by the emigrants, the presence of
labour and other advantages of the settle-
ment might justify the conclusion that an
average price of 103. per acre might easily be
obtained for it a conclusion confirmed by
the experience of the Canada Company, and, indeed,
of all land sales in the provinces. But the labour of
the emigrants is yet further available; it may be em•
ployed in providing the log huts, and, probably, the
provisions necessary fdr succeeding emigrations. I
presume, therefore, tharthe money expense of the
emigration might be stated as follows :
Cost of 50,000 acres of land
.. £2,500
One.year's fook. for first two years' emi-
grants, i. e., 240, at-61. 10s.
huts, Etc., for one year's emigrants