The Sun.
London, England, 1850-05-21 00:00:00

TURKEY.

-
The Wanderer has letters from Constantinople of
the Ist inst., stating that the former Turkish Cabinet
went out on the 27th April, and that the department
of Finance was given over to lialet Effendi, while the
chief direction of Law affairs was taken by Chebil:
Effendi, late Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Am-
bassador at Rome and Constantinople. Rifat Pasha
has been appointed President of the Council.
The insurrections in Bosnia, Smyrna, and Samos,
have been suppressed. The Pasha Jochmus, late
Minister to the Archduke John, is preparing to re•
turn to Turkey.

,OFESSOR FARADAY'S LECTURES
ON DOMESTIC CHEMISTRY.
The philosophy of a chimney formed the subject of
Professor Faraday's lecture on Saturday last. He
endeavoured in the first place to impress on his
audience the importance of the duties which a chimney
performs, by showing the quantity of deleterious
matter removed by Plat means of ventilation. Esti-
mating that an ordinary parlour fire burns 40Ibs. of
coals in twelve hours, the amount of gaseous
products fatal to life, resulting from that com-
bustion, would be 42,000 gallons, and not only
is that quantity of gas carried away by the
chimney, but the draught of air towards an open
fire-place causes five times the amount of the actual
product of combustion to ascend, and thereby removes
the air spoiled by respiration, and tends to maintain
a healthy ventilation. The actual weight of matter
carried up such a chimney in twelve hours is esti-
mated to exceed 2,0001b5. To illustrate the effect of
.the went of smoke up a chimney, caused.by the ex-
pansion of the column of air by heat, the professor
heated a-glass tube closed at one end, and then in-
verted it in a coloured liquid, which ascended in the
tube as soon as the expanded air was contracted
by cooling. Several experiments were exhibited for
the purpose of showing the force exerted by the as-
cending column of air, among which was au illustra-
tion of a descending flue. A coloured flame was held
near the aperture of a tube bent like an inverted syphon,
the longer arm of which acted as a chimney. The
flame at first rose perpendicularly, but as soon as,the
tube was heated the ascent of the air in the longer
arm drew the flame downwards into the 'shorter with
considerable force. As the ascent of Smoke up a
chimney depends on the comparative lightness of the
column of heated air within, and,an equal column of
the atmosphere, the longer the chimney the stronger
will be the draught, provided the Sre affords suffi-
cient heat to warm the air ; but cases were men-
tioned in which, by adding to the length of a smoky
chimney, it was made to smoke more than at first,
because the flue was exposed to the external atmo-
sphere, and in cold weather the column of air, cooled
by exposure, became heavier than the air within the
chimney, and forced the smoke downwards. This
case occurred at a light-house in the Isle of Portland,
which Professor Faraday had been commissioned to
examine, because the want of ventilation in winter
dimmed the windows and rendered the light useless
at a distance. A' model of the light-house chimney
was on the lecture table, and the effect cf cold air
producing a downward current was shown by the
application of ice to the outside. A chimney is
sometimes made to smoke by the more powerful
draught of another chimney communicating with
the same room, for if the supply of' air to the fire-
place of the larger fire be not- sufficientr the direc-
tion of the current of smoke up the chimney of
weaker draught will be reversed. The more frequent
cause of a smoky chimney, however, is the bad
formation of the top, against which the wind Strikes.
If the chimney- top. he properly shaped the wind will
tend to increase the draught by being reflected up-
wards, however violent. its force may be. As an ea-