The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-31 00:00:00

FROM THE

UNITED STATES,
MEXICO,
AND CANADA.

ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA.
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY EVENING.
The British and North American Royal mail
steam-ship Caledonia, Capt. Lott, arrived in Bootle-
bay at four o'clock this afternoon, bringing 32 pas-
sengers. She left Boston and thdifax on the usual
days, the 16th and 18th instant, and made the run for
the former port in 13 days, having encountered wes-
terly winds throughout the passage.
The Caledonia, shortly after she left Halifax, spoke
the Acadia.

The dates of the advices by this arrival are—New
York, 15th ; Washington, 13th ; and Boston and
Halifax, 16th and 18th inst. The intelligence they
communicate is very important, comprising the Pre-
sident's annual Message, and the Speech of Sir Charles
Metcalfe on the opening of the CanadianYarliament,
with other exceedingly interesting matter.
The Electoral College had unanimously confirmed
the late Presidential and Vice-Presidential elections.
Congress met on Monday, the 2d inst., and the Pre-
sident's message, which we annex, was delivered on
the following day. The anterior proceedings of
Congress are interesting. In the Senate, on the 3d,
Mr. M`Dufie introduced a joint resolution for the
annexation of Texas to the United States. The re-
solution provides that the first eight articles of the
treaty rejected by the Senate last session shall be
the fundamental law of union between the United
States and Texas, so soon as the supreme authorities
of that Republic shall agree to the same ; and, also,
that whatever was stipulated to be done immediately,
or at a fixed period after the ratification of the
treaty compact, shall be done immediately, or in a
like period after the authorities of Texas shall have
formally agreed to the resolution. It was referred
to the Committee on Foreign Relations. A similar
joint resolution was also reported in the House.
On the following day Mr. Benton introduced his
Bill of last session, providing for the "re-annexation
of Texas ;" and this was also referred to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations. On the same day, a
resolution, introduced by Mr. Allen, calling upon
the President of the United States for information
concerning the state of the negotiations pending on
the Oregon questions was, after some oppposition,
adopted by a vote of 24 to 16. Another resolution,
calling upon the President, if not incompatible with
the public interest, for copies of all correspondence
between France and the American Minister at Paris,
relative to the proposed annexation, was adopted.
A Bill to establish a uniform line for the election of
electors of President was under consideration.

Outbreaks of the most serious character had certainly
occurred in different states of Mexico. Nearly one-
half of the Mexican army had revolted, and declared
against Santa Anna, if the reports brought by these
vessels are correct. The Government were put to the
greatest trouble to obtain money to prosecute the
war against Texas, and every thing was at odds and
ends. Congress had voted unanimously an approval
of Senor Rejon's correspondence with Mr. Shannon
and it was thought that Santa Anna, through the
impending war, might be able, by obtaining command
of the purse, b keq possession of the sword of State.
The British Minister is said to be in favour of such
a result. Meantime, General Paredes has placed
himself at the head of a revolt, and has publicly de-
nounced Santa Anna, complaining of the disorgani-
zation of the army, the abuses of the Treasury de-
partment, the disorder existi"g in the public offices,
alleged breaches of law a id violations of right on the
part of the Dictator, and the invasion of Texas, not
on the score of right on the part of the Texians, but
on that of the mismanagement of the proceedings
against that province.
We give here an extract from the money article of
the New York American, of the 14th inst. :
" The meeting of Congress, and the development con-
sequent thereon of our political relations with foreign
countries, exercise naturally considerable influence upon
the money market.
" The effect thus far has been unfavourable, owing to
the embroiled state of our relations with Mexico, and
the very extraordinary dispatch from the State Depart-
ment to our Minister in France, a dispatch of which the
country will be loth to accept the responsibility ur endorse
the sentiments.

" There is, however, no change of any moment in the
price of the dividend-paying stocks since our last • but
the market generally is feverish, and so is the state Of the
public mind.
" The assurance may, nevertheless, be hazarded,
without much risk, that no important measure will be
carried through the present Congress. There will be no
war—no annexation of Texas—no modification of the
tariff—no occupation of Oregon—no establishment of
military posts to the Rocky Mountains and the Columbia
river, and no other essential or material legislation.

" Thus much it would be safe to assume from the, it
is believed, unvarying fact that at the short session (and
this must terminate on the 4th of March) no important
Acts are ever matured and passed.
" But in addition to this, there is that in the present
condition of parties which renders the adoption of any
great change in the position, or in the policy of the coun-
try, extremely improbable. It seems, therefore, quite
safe to say, that until the 4th of March next, when the
newly-elected President will take the reins, things will
remain in statu quo.
"Into the future, after that, it were useless now to at-
tempt any insight.
" Money is easy, notwithstanding a very large diminu-
tion of discounts by the banks of this city within the
last sixty days, equal, probably, to $2,500,000. The
fact of such a diminution being insensibly effected, and
without any shock to the business or obvious influence
on the stock market, would seem to prove the strength
and stability both of the banks and the general business
transactions.

" Exchange on England rules at from 10 to 10 14. At
thii rate gold cannot be exported, and most of the silver
has gone.,,

THE MESSAGE

TO THE

SENATE AND DOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

OF THE UNITED STATES.

We have continued cause for expressing our gratitude
to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe for the benefits
and blessings which oar country, under his kind Provi-
dence, has enjoyed during the past year. Notwith-
standing the exciting scenes through which we have
passed, nothing has occurred to disturb the general
peace, or to derange the harmony of our political sys-
tem. The great moral spectacle has been exhibited of
a nation, approximating in number to 20,000,000 of
people, having performed the high and important
function of electing their Chief Magistrate far the term
of four years, without the commission of any acts of
violence, or the manifestation of a spirit of insubordina-
tion to to the laws. The great and inestimable right of
suffrage has been exercised by all who were invested
with it under the laws of the different States, in a spirit
dictated alone by a desire, in the selection of the agent,
to advance the interests of the country, and to place be-
yond jeopardy the institutions under which it is our
happiness to live. That the deepest interest has been
manifested by our countrymen in the result of the elec-
tion is not less true than highly creditable to them.
Vast multitudes have assembled from time to time, at
various places, for the purpose of canvassing the merits
and preteniions of those who were presented
for their suffrages ; but no armed soldiery has
been necessary to restrain, within proper limits, the
popular zeal, or to prevent violent outbreaks. A
principle much more controlling was found in
the love of order and obedience to the laws which,
with mere individual exceptions, every where possesses
the American mind, and controls with an influence far
more powerful than hosts of armed men. We cannot
dwell upon this picture without recognising in it that
deep and devoted attachment on the part of the people
to the institutions under which we live, which proclaims
their perpetuity. The great objection which has always
prevailed against the election, by the people, of their
Chief Executive officer, has been the apprehension of
tumults and disorders, which might involve in ruin the
entire Government.

A security against th is is found, not only in the fact
before alluded to, but in t 1 e additional fact that we live
under a confederacy Pm bracing already twenty-six
States ; no one of whiga has the power to control the
election. The popular vote in each State is taken at the
time appointed by the laws, and such vote is announced
by the Electoral College, without reference to the deci-
sions of other States. The right of suffrage, and the
mode of conducting the election, is regulated by the
laws of each State ; and the election is distinctly fede-
rative is all its prominent features. Thus it is that, un-
like what might be the results under a consolidated
system, riotous proceedings, should they prevail, could
only affect the election in single States, without disturb-
ing, to any dangerous extent, the tranquillity of others.