The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-24 00:00:00

LONDON TUESDAY „17,911 'WM:" CM .-.15M'711k r-,13
SEPTEMBER 24, 1850.
Z 43 4-1
1644/14

DISPUTED- Lana POLICIES.
" A trial of considerable interest to Life Assurance Offices and the
public was concluded yesterday in the Court of Exchequer. The
Eagle Company held a policy for an assurance Wept
win the Albion
Company as security for an advance, the pay of hich p
was now disputed by the Albion, on the ground that at the time it
was effected the fact of the assured party having been a man of in-
temperate habits was concealed fro: the office. • The chief evidence
turned upon the question as to the degree of intemperance that had
been exhibited, and the resu:t was, that a verdict was given against
the resisting office, not only, for the amount of the policy, but also for
401. interest from the date when it became due. The circumstance
of the action being brought by one office against another presents a
striking illustration of the uncertainty which may attach to all po-
licies under She present system, and shows that the only mode by
which absolute security, can be obtained by the public must lie in the
general adoption by Assurance Offices of the plan of prote3ting them-
selves in every case by due inquiries before the granting , f each po-
licy, and of afterwards assuming the full responsibility 01 the com-
pleteness of such inqUiries by holding themselves precluded from
raising any future question. In the present case two offices are
found to be diametrically opposed in their opinions as to what can
properly invalidate a claim, and yet the public are expected to be
able to guare themselves against such contingences. Similar cases
have occurred before, and even if they were more rare, they would
seriously injure the progress of life assurance. The very principle
upon which the business is founded is the removal of uncertainty,
and whenever that principle is counteracted in the slightest degree,
the people who would be the first to resort to its advantages are the
first to be deterred."—Thnes, 'July 11, 1850.
THE LONDON INDISPUTABLE LIFE
POLICY COMPANY.
No. 72, LOMBARD-S MEET, LONDON.
TRUSTEES.
1. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. I Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P.
Richard Malins, Esq., Q.C. James Fuller Madox, Esq.
William Wilberforce, Esq.
DIRECTORS.
Robert Henry Forman, Esq.
John Hamilton, Esq.
James Fuller Madox, Esq.
John Matthews, Esq.
C. Octavlus Parnell, Esq.

William Adams, Esq.
John Atkins, Esq.
Henry Augustus Bevan, Esq.
J. Thompson Bramwell, Esq.
Jolm Dangerfleld, Esq.

AUDITORS.
George Cumming, Esq. 'James Turner, Esq.
William D. Starling, Esq. David Henry Stone, Esq.
SECRETARY—David Alison, Esq.
BANICERS—Messra. Spooner, Attwoods, and CO.
PADDLWGTON LOCAL BOARD. •
24, Connaught-terrace, Edgeware -road.
Rev. James Sherbold Boone, A.M., Stanhope-street, Hyde-Park.
Captain Creed, Norfolk-crescent, Oxford-square.
Charles.Pemberton, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and Lin
coin's Inn-fields.
Thomas Jervis Antos, Esq., York-street, Portman-square.
George Y. Robson, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and New
square, Lincoln's Inn,

Secretary, Chas. Hogliton, Esq.
The POLICIES of this-Company, being INDISPUTABLE, form
Family Provisions and Negotiable Securities, for their validity is not
dependent, as in the case of ordinary Policies, upon the import of
previous reports and other documents.
Owing to this important improvement in the practice of Lithefecom-
As-
surance, the progress of this Company has been rapid from
mencement of its business, and is steadily advancing.
Copies of the Report of the last Annual Meeting will be fcrwarded,
on application, to Solicitors, to whom Commission is allowed.
ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager.

CATHOLIC LAW AND GENERAL LIFE
dJ ASSURANCE COMPANY,
8, NEW COVENTRY-STREET, LEICESTER-STING QUAof theRE, LONDON.
The FOURT El ANNUAL GENERAL MEE Proprie-
tors of this Company took place on the 25th instant, at the Head
Office, at One o'clock precisely. The following is extracted from the
report, which is too lengthy for publication:—
During the past year no claims have arisen from deaths in England.
and but two in Ireland—one for 5001. and the other for 200/.--making
together 7001., which have been paid. This is far below the expected
mortality, and is especially favourable, when it is remembered how
severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last
year.
The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1549, and
the 31st of May, 1850, was more than double the number issued in
the twelve months preceding.
Proposals were made for 138 Policies, amounting* to 52,9631.28. 6d.:
of these 121, comprising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,1251. 6s.
gixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,0481., upon which 3201. 3s.
was received by the Company in the shape of premiums.
Since the commencement of the Company to the Ist of June last,
assuran 'es were effected to the extent of 110,9721. 128 65., pro-
ducing in annual premiums 3,7321. Ifs. 6d. Of these 54 lapsed,
amounti t 3990/. 16s. 6d., of which the annual premiums were-
-741/. Is.,ng leavo in2g, the yearly income on the Ist of June last equal to
2,9911. 15s. 11d.
since last meeting loans were applied for to the extent of 17,7001.,
but 1,1831. I Is. 10d. only was advanced.
The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the
last four months they had considerably extended their business on
the Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent in France, Monsieur
de l'Etang, a gentleman of high standing in Paris, distinguished for
his integrity and ability in financial and in all assurance matters,
who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris,
the Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and Monseigneur Parisis, Eveque
de Langres, has already within the last three mouths effected a con•
siderable amount of business, not only In Life Assurances, but in An-
nuities both Immediate and Deferred.
After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning
thanks to the Right Reverend Chairman, Bishop Morris, the Vice-
Chairman, Actuary, Secretary, and Medical Officers of tha establish-
ment, thexneeting separated, highly gratified at its present results
and future prospects.

ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
CORPORATION,
(Established by Royal Charter of his Majesty George. 1., A.D. 1720),
For SEA, FIRE, and LIFE ASSURANCES.
OF FIOYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON.
BRANCH OFFICE-29, PALL-MALL.
GOVERNOR—Thomas Tooke, Esq.
Stm-GovEnsoa—William Sampson, Esq.
DEPUTY-GOVERNOR—The lion. J. T. Leslie Melville.
DIRECTORS.
Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Sir John Wm. Lubbock, Bart.
George Pearkes Barclay,' Esq. Charles John Manning, Esq.
Edmond S. P. Calvert, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq.
John Garrett Cattier; Esq. Edward Howley Palmer, Esq.
Alexander Colvin, Esq. John Henry Pelly, Esq.
Edward Maxwell Daniell, Esq, Abraham George Roberts, Esq.
William Davidson, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq.
John Deacon, Esq. Thomas Smith, Esq.
Riversdale Wm. Grenfell, Esq. William Soltau, Esq.
Robert Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Soames, Esq.
William Tetlow Hibbert, Req. Octavius Wigram, Esq.
Lancelot Holland, Esq. Charles Baring Young, Esq.
MEDICAL JIEFEREE—SamueI Solly, Esq., F.R.S.
Notice.—The usual fitteeh days allowed for payment of Fire Pre-
miums falling due at Michaelmas will expire on the 14th October next.
This Corporation has held a high position during upwards of a
Century end a Quarter, and affords unquestionable security by its
capital-stock. . .
Ten Thousand Pounds may be assured on one Life.
The Reversionary BONUS declared on British Participating Life
Policies has amounted on an average to rather morn than 2 per
Cent. r Annum n the sum assured, or 46 per Cent: on the amount
of Prempe ium paid ;o or equivalent reductions have been made in the
Annual Premiums. .
be effected for securing payment of
Endowment Assurances may
a given sum on the attainment of any specified age, or upon death
if that should previously occur.
The customary Fees are allowed to medical practitioners referred
to by persons proposing Life InsurancesAL.
EX. GREEN, Secretary.

BRITISH EMPIRE MUTUAL LIFE
AND FIRE ASSURANCE OFFICES,
37, New Erldge• street, Blackfriars, . London.
Incorporated under Act 7 and 8 Vic , c. 110.
DIRECTORS OF FIREGo SOCIETY.
uld, George, Esq.
Low, James, Esq.
Micro, Thomas, Esq.
Olney, Thomas, Esq.
Wilmshurst, Joseph, Esq.
AUDITORS..
PCWIFCSS, Joseph W., Esq.
RANKERS.
Messrs. Bare ay, Bevan, Tritton, and Co.
SOLICITORS._
.:.

Blyth, John, Esq.
Cartwright, Richard, Esq.
Cuff, J. Harcombe, Esq. •
CuthbOrtSoll, Francis, Esq.
Freeman, G. S., Esq.

Latter, Robert, Esq.

Messrs. Watson and Sons.
The extraordinary success of the BRITISII EMPIRE MUTUAL
FIRE ASSURANCE SOCIETY has exceeded the highest expecta-
tions of its friends.
The whole of the profits are divided among the assured members.
One-fifth of the premiums have paid all losses.
Assurances eflected without trouble or unnecessary expense at the
head end provincial offices.
There arc some towns in which the Directors are open for re-
spectable and effidient agents.
The BRITISH EMPIRE :MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
PANY is under a separate direction, though conducted on the same
principles.
WILLIAM SUTTON GOVER,
Actuary and Secretary.

•
THE. LIVERPOOL and LONDON FIRE and
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
I,OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that on the 29th instant, the
Chief Office of this Company in London will be REMOVED to Nos.
20 and 21, POULTRY•
BENJN. HENDERSON,
Resident Secretary.

3, Charlotte-row, Manion-house.
September 3, 1850.

This Day, Third and Cheaper Edition, Is., of
E A.SY POETRY for CHILDREN.
Lately published,
POPULAR POEMS. Selected—by.. E. Parlter. :Second Edition.
3s. 6d. • . , • _
READING in I'OETRY. Tenth'Edition:
London : ..T Ohn Parke

--'--------=-=------_____
ARGYLL SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS, Great
Windmill-street, St. James's.
Open every Evening "iiith Laurent's 'celebrated and unrivalled
sand. PrinciparCornet-a-piston, Mons. BOULCOURT, from rails,
and Artitte Attaché to Mr:
and Orchestra at the Baths of Vichy,
France. The Subscribers are respectfally informed that Mr. Laurent, jun.,
having become Lessee to the above Booms, bega.tO announce his In-
tention of applying to the Honourable Magiitrates for a Licence to
the same Rooms;and, If' granted, he.will give CONCERTS of a very
superior description, in conjunction with his Dancing Academy. Mr.
Laurent, jun., solicits the patronage of the subscribers and nobility
in this new undertalting, _pledging Almself strenuously .to cater
their amusement, and hopes to deserve a continuance or th at
liberal
and
support which has hitherto been bestowed on this distinguhed
popular establishnient.' 11.1 s.;
-.••• ~ . .
Terms of Sublcriptdon :—Six months, 5/. 504 one month,
one evening, Is.. -- - • .
Doors open at Half-past Eight, Dancing commences at Nine pre-
cisely, closing at Hal pf- ast Eleven. - •
. .

„ . THIRTY-FIRST EDITION.
Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel.
ON PHYSICAL ,DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-
PACITY,. AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged to '196 pages. Just published, price 2s. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps, ,
riIHE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on 4
it the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection,*. and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the,means of obviating
certain
and
dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engra ings. It.
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting .gurgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
tord-stre,e4 London.. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange,
11; Paternoster-row; Hawley, 63, and Sanger. 10, Oxford-street ;
Starie, 23. Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street. ~ • -- • . . ,
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings. - •
raar It. treat% of the -consequences :resulting from excessive in-
lulg,ence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
mental said bodily weakness, nervous .exeite
Engravings.ment, and generative
incapacity. Illustrated by Three Explanatory
PART I.ll..treAts of the daseases resulting itom infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
thLir treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
`Eng:evil:loV
I),,kg.r KV.. Contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger -of infection is obviated.
This important part of the Work • should not escape the reader's
notiCe. - ,
PART V. is devoted to the consideration' of marriage, and its du-
ties. The censer of unproductive union are also” considered, said the
whole subject critically
PRE, CoacinAL DALAI OF STIIIICUiIi 19 CR elusively employed in
and- Philoskphically invired,into..
,treating nervous and sexual ability, impotence, Ste., lls. and 335.
'per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive ESSM anti-syphilitic
romed:, for purifying the .blOoolf• in • cases of inferion, secondary
synlptoille, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, Ils. and 335. per'
bottle. ;Perry's Purifying , Specific „Pills, 2s • 9d., 4s. 6" • and Ms.
per box„ a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, ,Bleet, stricture, and
ehrOnio inflammation of the bladder. Consultation.fee, if by letter,
16 A mhiute detail of tho 'case is required: age, habits, and posi-
tion in soeloty. IL Packets, with advice, to be had at the pota-
tion by which the feo, IL, is saved.. Messrs. r'elTY,
Surgponkaro in Attendance daily at 19, Benaers-strpet, Oxford-
L 4trettf,-I;endon. from Eleven till WllO 411 d Fill %CI Welt • ,011 BIM-
. -I .
I day, from Eleven to One. - - • .- - - , ' •

C REMORNE GARDENS,
On the Banks of the Thames at Chelsea.
Open Daily at Three o'clock.
ONE SHILLING ADMISSION. •
Children, Half-price.
Sundays at Half-past Four. No charge for admission except by
Refreshment Card—Sixpence. Children under Six years of age free.
Director, Mr. T. B. Simpson, Albion, Great Russell-street, Co-
vent-garden.

THIS DAY, September 24,

In addition to tie usual Entertainments, a perfect repetition and re-
presentation of the Old English Sports performed before her Majesty
and Prince Albert, in celebration of the anniversary of the Birthday
of his Royal Highness Prince Alfred, at Osborne, August 6. No ad-
ditional charge for admission. The Sports will commence at Four
o'clock, and conclude with a Morris Dance on the Platform by the
Ladies and Gentlemen of Herr Denlin's powerfUl Ballet Company.
First appearance of Signor Henri Zeleoki, the Bottle Equilibrist.
Immense Success of Deulin's new Fairy Ballet, " The Origin of
Harlequin." New Groupings from the Antique. Dancing to
Borini's Band of Fifty Instrumentalists. Madame Antonio
will make her marvellous Ascent and Descent on the Rope amid
hurricanes of Chevalier Mortram's gorgeous Fireworks. Chattaway's
celebrated Brass Band.

DR. LA'MEItT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
AND MATURITY.-WITH 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON
STEEL.

Just published, and may be had la French or English, in a Scaled
Envelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free, from the Author, for forty-two
Stamps,
SELF-PRESERVATION; a
Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity,
usually acquired at an early period of life, which debilitate
the physical and mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural
feelings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical
Observations on the Treatment of Nervous Debility and Indigestion,
whether arising from those causes, close study, or the influence of
tropical climates: Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from Indis-
cretion. With Forty coloured Engravings, illustrating the
Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their stractut es, uses, and functions, and tho various
injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
Infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, .M.D„
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.

Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of ApOthccaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c. . _ _

This work contains an accurate and pomp/etc account of the
Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive Organs. It un-
fortunately happens that the unhappy victim of excessive indul-
gence and-vicious habits, while suffering from their invariable con-
sequences, Unwisely entertains a tear of applying to a qualified physi-
cian for relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but erro-
neously entertained that these complaints are beyond the reach of
art, alike restrict hint and prevent his seeking for assistance where
alone it can be procured. Dr. LA'AIEIZT has taken the highest
medical honours, as his diplomas testify, and the great extent of his
practice for many years is a guarantee for his professional experi-
ence, widch has reference almost solely to the treatment of these
diseases.
Published by the Author, and may be had of Kent and Richards,
5;, Paternoster-row; Eavnay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Tichlsorne-
street, Haymarket ; Mann, 39, Comhill ; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London ; or, free by poet for forty-two stamps, from
the Author's Residence. 87. Redford-sonars London.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
CALEDONIAN.

The report of Mr. Abbatt, the auditor of this com-.
pany, states that the accounts for the half-year are
correct. The revenue account, 'however, contains
some items of expenditure which cannot be looked
upon as a charge upon the six months' receipts ; for
instance, the expense of locomotive power and stores
embraces a period of 28 weeks, and therefore includes
about 3,0001. which is chargeable to a prior period;
the item of compensation and damages including a
sum of 1,500/. paid on account of an accident which
occurred about two years ago at Rockcliffe. In the
accounts for the half-year ending the 31st of De-
cember last 60,0001. was set down as money expended
in Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen plant, and 18,0001.
for Dundee and Arbroath, and Dundee and Perth
shares, in respect of which expenditure it was decided,
at the general meeting in February last, that no
demand should be made against the late board. Of
the above sums 68,0001. was paid in cash and deben-
tures, which has now been carried to the debit of the
Dundee and Perth Company, and the balance,
30,0001., being bills granted by the late board, and
which are still over due or current, has been cancelled,
as the present board deny the liability of the company
for this sum. The principal stores are kept at
the extensive workshops belonging to the Caledonian
Company, situate on the grounds of the Greenock
Railway Company, more than 20 miles distant from
the Caledonian line. Here several men are employed
by the company under the locomotive superintendent,
Mr. Sinclair, who also fills the same situation on the
Greenock Railway. In the present relation of the
companies it may be an important question how far
the present system of employing the same workmen
and stores for the works of both companies should be
continual. In the peculiar circumstances of the Ca-
ledonian Railway, and the great disproportion of the
number employed who are interested in economy to
those who are not interested, Mr. Abbatt is of opi-
nion that by contracting for the manufacture of the
rolling stock and the execution of the more extensive
repairs considerable saving would be effected. By
a judicious attention to excursion or pleasure traffic
during the summer months a considerable increase of
net revenue might be derived. After the payment of
the Gsrnkirk rent a balance of 2,8221. only is left.
There is, consequently, a deficiency to meet the gua-
ranteed claims of 64,108/. for the half-year, taking
into account 8,5001., the net earnings of the dreenoek
Company, hut omitting the net returns, if any,
which the Barrhead line may furnish. The traffic
on the C iledonian may be affected by the completion
of the Nithsdale Railway, which will be opened next
month. But although the present revenue of the line
is maintained, or even increased to some extent, it is
evident that the amount guaranteed to the various
lines roust be modified to a considerable amount be-
fore there is a' possibility of meeting the company's
engagements, and restoring its credit. It is true the
Bill introduced late last session would have reduced
the above half-yearly deficiency to 45,0291 ; but the
serious objection of having repeatedly to adjust those
claims must, according to past and present experience,
swell the amount of Parliamentary and law expenses,
and ruinously affect the already greatly damaged in-
terests' of all parties.

DUNBLANE, DOUNE, ANI? CALLANDER.
The half-yearly meeting of this'coinrmy was held
list week at Dumblane, Mr. Stirling in the chair.
After some discussion it was proposed to take pro-
ceedings under the Railway Abandonment Act,
passed in the last session of Parliament, with a view
to abandon the railway and to wind up the affairs of
the company. This proposition being approved by
the majority, a resolution to that effect was passed.
It was shown in the accounts that there was a proba-
bility of returning 235. per share to the shareholders
out of the 525. 6d. per share originally deposited.

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, &Pr. 23.
STOOK EXCE(ANGE.—The share market was dull to-day,
and little business doing. Prices have considerably de-
clined. The transactions were as follow :—Great Western,
67% Taff Vales, Quarters, 33 ex div. Bristol and
Exetek, 67.
LIVERPOOL, Slay. 23.
STocs EXCHANGE.—The share market was dull to-day
at the quotations. The transactions were as follow :
Lancashire and Yorkshire, Consolidated, 46N—Ditto, Fifths,
5-16 dis.—London and North-Western, 1133/4—Ditto, New
Quarters 1% p.—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire,
17LA--;-didlaud, 39—Ditto, Halves, 23 1.16 dis.—North
British, 64—North Union (B.), 1664—North-Western,
13i dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, 19%—Ditto, (No. 4),
Registered, 64—York, Newcastle; and. Berwick (Original
N. and B:), 16%—York it North Midland, 19%—Dublin
and Belfast Junction, 28% dis.—Ltundalk and Enniskillen,
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, 16 dis. —East
Lancashire, 9 —Caledonian, 81.16-Lancaster and Carlisle,
Thirds, 2 p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 11.
MANCHESTER, SErr. 23.
STocK EXOKANGE.—The share market opened heayily
to-day, but .afterwards rallied, and dosed firmly. The
transactions were— Leeds, 461,4—Ditto, Preference, 87-16
South-Eastern and Dover (N0.;3 ),.IP/it—Ditto ( No. 41,6 7-16
—Sheffield, Pseference, 814—London and North-Western,
New Quarters, 1% p.—Great Northern, 12% dis.—Midland
Stock, 38.
BIRMINGHAM, SErT. 23.
SiocK EXCIIANGE.—We have little change to notice in
this share market. Only a small business has been done,
and prices remain without any material deviation, the only
transaction reported being —,Midland (Birmingham and
Derby), 20—South Staffordshire, 3/. 16s. 3d. dis.

' • •
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—By far the Best Account of
the Font Days of the Doncaster appeared in Bell's Life in
London of September. 22,in which Journal races were given
to the extent of nearly . six folio columns, including an En-
graving and description of the Cup.—The early publication
and country edition of Bele'S Life commences at four o'clock
Saturday mornings, in time. for all the Saturday morning
early post and railways. The average weekly sale of Bell's
Life exceeds 29,000, the price 6d., Or. forty folio columns.

CRANBROOK, KENT.
Sir,—The southern portion of Kent, 13 ing under
the " ragstone hill," constitutes the " Weald," or
wealden district, which runs parallel with the chalk
and green sand formations in the direction of east
and west, through the county. This district consists
of two geological divisions, the weald clay, and the
Hastings sand, and the character of the soil and
scenery of each division differs greatly.
The weald clay district is a low and generally level
tract, resting for the most part on a yellow clay, which
forms a strong subsoil, very retentive of water ; in
places there is a gravelly subsoil, chiefly near the
rivers, where a deeper and alluvial soil obtains. The
natural drainage in this tract is effected by the
rivers Eden, Beult, and Medway. The width of
the weald clay district varies from three to seven
miles. The South-Eastern Railway, which enters this
county near Edenbridge, runs directly through the
weald, and for the great part of its length through
the weald clay district. The soil of the weald valley
is very uniform in quality, being heavy, cold, end
adhesive, save on the margin of streams, where the
soil resting on gravel is more naturally fertile. Every
where draining is needed. Bat in parts of the valley
the land lies so flat that there is great difficulty in
obtaining sufficient depth of outfall
.to carry off the
water. This is the case with an extensive area of
level land, the waters of which must be carried eff
by the river Beult • but to effect such drainage that
river requires to be deepened and improved, only to
be effected by a combination of the landowners of
the district to promote that object. A local Act of
Parliament would he necessary, but there are few
districts in which so much improvement might be
effected by creating an effective outlet for drainage as
in this district. Without it no efforts of individual
landowners can be of much avail for the improvement
of their properties.
On the weald clay district considerable improve-
ments have been effected by road-making, for within
a period comparatively recent the leading thorough.
fares in many parishes of the valley were nearly im-
passable during the winter; and there are many per-
sons7still living who remember the time when the en-
tire district was destitute of hard roads. Now there are

few districts which possess better roads, for making
which sea-beach has been brought by the Pother
from the coast, and stone from the rag-stone hills.
The South-Eastern Railway has, however, opened
to this country the most effective facilities f trans-
port, and the improvements which have thereby
resulted are very numerous, and are extending.
'1 he Hastings sand district contains series of alter•
nations of sand, gravel, and clay ; and the surface is
beautifully diversified and undulating. The area of
the Hastings sand division of Kent is about the same
in extent as the weald clay, the widest part being
between Biddenden end Sandhurst.

All the weald district is densely wooded, and pro-
duces large oak timber of the best quality. The
Hastings sand division presents to the lovers of beau-
tiful and various scenery charms which it does not
possess for the eye of the agriculturist; for though
there i 3 much land capable of producing large returns,
and all of it may be immensely improved, there are
few districts in which I should be more unwilling to
undertake a farm than in either division of the Weald
of Kent. Around Tunbridge -Wells there is a sandy
tract of broken, uneven ground, than which nothing
can be more delightful for the mere visitor at any sea-
son of the year, but to farm it must be an enterprise
of no great hopefulness. Much of it is planted with
larch and other wood adapted for hop poles ; and
as a matter of profit, 1 apprehend by far
the greater portion should be applied to the
same purpose. Here the farms are all on a small
scale, as indeed they are throughout the weald.
And small farming must, I apprehend, continue, for
the fields are so small, the hedgerows so numerous,
and the quantity cf timber so great, that few men
would undertake to farm a tract of the land in its
present state, and to clear it is a work that none but
proprietors can accomplish with advantage.
Wherever any improvement' has been effected in this
district, the first process has been to drain, and to let
in the light and air by reducing the hedges and the
timber. - Thus Mr. Schreiber, of Henhurst, who has
an estate on the stiff yellow clay of the weald, has,
by draining, enlarging his fields, and removing the
trees, brought a stubborn clay farm into a state of
high cultivation and productiveness, of which many
persons thought it incapable. His course of cropping
will illustrate the character of the soil. He begins
with-1. A clean fallow. 2. Wheat. 3. Oats.
4. Seeds mown. 5. Second year's seeds fed oft
by either cattle or sheep ; 61 beans or
peas ; 7, tares, and roots as a preparation for
wheat again. It is stated as a significant fact that
Mr. Schreiber, when he commenced the improvement
of weald clay land, brought with him " most of the
approved modern implements of the eastern counties,"
and that after much perseverance and repeated trials
he has abandoned them, and ha 3 adopted the imple-
ments and modes of culture common to the district.
And it is stoutly asserted in this district that persons
who have been brought up to farming on the weald
succeed much better than strangers. Now I have no
doubt that in every rural district there are local pecu-
liarities of soil, or climate, or both, which have in a
great degree induced local practices in husbandry,
and no prudent farmer will dismiss such practices
without full consideration, but why
approved im-
plements, if really useful tools and good for tilling
the strong clays of Suffolk or Essex, should not be
found equally useful on the weald clay, I could not
see, and did not hear any sufficient cause. I believe
the chief difficulty in importing new implements into
any rural district consists in the unwillingriess of the
farming servants to depart from their accustomed
ways. To correct this requires both firmness and dis-
cretion on the part of the master; but unless the
useful implements and, better practices of one district
can be judiciously transferred to other districts where
inferior husbandry prevails, half the advantages of our
modern facilities of communication will be lost to
farmers. -The mistake too frequently made in this
respect is to attempt the wholesale adoption of the
system of another district, and failure is usually the
result; whereas by selection and adaptation to the
locality of parts of the management of other places im-
mense improvement may often be effected.
Certainly the cultivation of the great majority of
the weald farmers is not such as to lead to any great
faith in the value of a weald of Kent agricultural
education. The ordinary course of the weald i 3—
1. a year's fallow ; 2. wheat ; 3.. oats, with, perhaps,
scene barley, sown with clover, trefoil, and rye grass;
4. seed, fed off the second year, and then another
year's naked fallow to prepare for wheat. Some tares
and a few turnips have of late years been grown on
a portion of the fallow. Lime was at one time uni-
versally, and is still much used, but where the land
has been repeatedly limed, little advantage is derived
from its use. In the valley of the Beult there is some
better land, on which the following rotation is in use :
—l. beans or peas ; 2. wheat; 3. oats ; 4. tares ' • 5.
wheat; 6. clover. Manure is, generally applied to
the wheat, and from 3 to 33- quarters per acre are '
deemed an average crop. Here and there a few

farmers on the , Hastings sand division of the weald
grow wheat in alternate years, but the general opi-
nion seems to be that a more extended rotation is on
the whole a more profitable system on this soil. I
believe, however, that it is entirely a question of ma-'
nagement,-and I'see no reason whatever why; with
high cultivation and plenty of stock, wheat should
not be profitably grown here; the climate is' un-
questionably very favourable,, and where the land is
not too sandy it is capable of being,rendered very

fertile. ' -
I found' many of-the farmers on this formation
haunted with apprehensions that the clover -and
turnip crops, if repeated too frequently, would fail,
and undoubtedly such failures are not unknown ;
but my impression is they are more dud to want
of condition in the_ land than anything, else. The
following course was mentioned with much sp.;
porwo 7 2
I,..aawproviding .against such failures:-1. fal-
-1
oats ;- 5. tares ; 6; • wheat; • 74 seeds; S. oats.
High cultivation will prevent the necessity of such
lengthened rotations, and will allow more frequent
repetitions of the same crop ; and I observe that the
practice of most of our best farmers proves that
simpler rotations are most successful. Hops. are
largely cultivated in the Hastings sand district, and
mtheerewepl.eidntealtaiyonas•fthear veorl,ate years been formed on
drainage,
for a dry soil is essen-
tial to hops. 'The ~ grape ' and " Jones's" hops are
come a good deal into, use.' This is a
chiefly grown in this.district ; and the "Colgate"
hop has lately
smaller and later hop than the others, but is hardy,
and when quite ripe produces a good sample. The
expense of hop cultivation I mentioned in a former
letter from Mid-Kent, and there is nothing peculiar
to the hop cultivation of • this district, except that it
seems to want that extreme neatness which was its
characteristic in Mid-Kent. And here I think it
does often occur that the hop•garden robs the rest of
the farm, without affording the farmer any sufficient
remuneration for his too exclusivd attention' to its
culture.- But even here I see no reason for giving
up hop culture. Certain farms and particular
hdopo7ugbatrdebnes
than
fbaertmteerrsoff,wowuiltdhounto as well, perhaps
with them ;
but that arises mainly from the unsuitableness of
the soil or the. want of capital on, the part of the
tanant. Generally hOpi on the Weald are not iluitte

so precarious as the more delicate growth of Mid-
Kent, and they never occupy so large a portion of a
weald farm as they do in " the garden of Kent."
Upon the whose, my impression is much more favour-
able to hop culture as a source of profit in husbandry
:ince I have inspected the hop districts and conversed
with hop-growers upon their farms. Most of the
intelligent farmers, though admitting the precarious
oature of the crop, and deploring the losses which
occasionally happen, declare that their hop cultivation
is in a series of years a source of considerable profit.
There are some cattle reared on the weald, chiefly
the large red Sussex breed, a hardy sort, which, when
well fed, attain large size. They are,, however, slow
feeders and large consumers. As working oxen they,
cannot be excelled. I believe that if this breed had
received the same attention as short-horns or Devons
have had from their respective breeders, they would
have been found capable of immense improvement.
Mr. S. Selmes, at Beckley, on the borders of Sus-
sex, is the most celebrated breeder of this stock ; and
as I intend to visit his herd before I leave this part of
the country, I shall defer until that occasion all gene-
ral remarks on Sussex cattle.

There are some good farmers on the weald, and
especially on the sand division, and considerable im-
provement has taken place of late years throughout
the district. _ SQufflera and cultivators have of late

been a good deal employed on the stubbles in autumn,
by means of which-winter tares have been grown ex-
tensively. Drilling, too, has extended, as has also
the-growing of roots. Draining, too, is increasing;
and throughout the weald draining is much wanted.
Even in the Hastings sand district there are such
frequent beds of clay that there are few fields in
which some springy places do not require to be laid
dry ; while on the weald clay every 'acre must be
drained before it can be much improved. But to suc-
cessful drainage the small fields and numerous trees
offer almost insuperable obstacles. It is estimated
that one-eighth part of the arable land of the
weald is occupied by hedges and trees, allow-
ing for their shade and roots. Fields of three, four,
and five acres abound, and a larger one is rather a
rarity. Here four horses at length are usually worked
in ploughing, and it may easily be conceived in what
a state the heavy wet headlands on which they turn
must be in wet seasons. Sometimes after a year's
fallow, and a dressing of manure, the cold adhesive
land, shut in from light and air, cannot he sown, and
becomes, as it is emphatically called, a " lost fallow."
The corn near the hedges is small, much devoured by
birds, and in stormy harvests soon sprouts ; and it is
stated, as I believe truly, that there are many thou-
sands of acres on the Weald of Kent, which cannot,
in their present state, be cultivated without an actual
loss; yet this is all good cornbearing land, and might
he made to yield of most sorts of grain a
full average of the kingdom. A striking
,Ilustration of the disadvantage at which this
land is farmed as compared with the more
fertile land of Mid Kent has come under my observa-
tion. About twelve years ago a man left two estates
—one of 150 acres on the green sand formation in
Mid Kent, the other on the weald clay, containing
300 acres. The two properties were deemed of about
equal value, and each of his tWo's-ons was to take one
of the farms, the eldest• having the first choice. He
selected the green sand farm of 150, which he has
vier since occupied With advantage to his fortune.
The other brother also occupied the clay farm, culti-
vating it according to the ordinary system of the dis-
trict; and, after struggling with difileuhies for years
the farm has been sold for a sum that will not much
more than pay his debts. The fatal error was to
allow high hedges and trees to grow around the
arable land. And this is the prevalent mistake of the
district. There is much broken ground, and innume-
rable ravines in this district, where wood and wood
alone can be profitably grown, and there are extensive
plantations in which timber and hop poles yield a
larger revenue than could be derived from the land in

any other way. But hedge-row timber is generally
knotty and stunted, and can never be profitable to the
owner, while it is absolutely destructive to the tenant.
In order to improve this district three-fourths of the
hedge-rows ought to be grubbed up, all the hedge-
row timber removed, and then deep and effective
draining executed; we have no hesitation in saying
that in a few years, by such means followed by good
cultivation, the value of much of the land of this
district night be doubled, and the timber which
now cumbers and shades the ground would go far
to pay for the amelioration. Hitherto shallow
draining has been most used when the land
has been drained at all ; but latterly three
and four feet drains have been laid with so
much benefit that the plan of deep draining bids
fair to become general. I everywhere saw tile-yards
containing large heaps of draining pipes. These
pipes, of one and two inches in diameter, are sold for
from 123. to 18s. per thousand; and in soils free from

stones, drains throe feet deep can be cut for 6d. per
rod. The farms on the weald of Kent are commonly
small, many of them not exceeding 50 acres ; but
here, as elsewhere, the consolidation of small farms,
when belonging to the same owner, is going on.
Rents are low, varying on the larger estates from
84. to 18s. per acre, and from 35. to 7s. per acre for
tithe. Tenants usually hold their farms from year
to year. But what redeems this district, and, not-
withstanding its many disadvantages, gives its
farms an appearance of comfort and inde-
pendence, is the number of small freeholds occu-

pied by the owners. His land may not be
highly cultivated, his fields may be as small, his
hedges as high and rude, and the timber almost as re-
dundant as the farms of his large landowner, but there
is about the home of the yeoman farmer evidence of
care and attention, a something eluding descrip-
tion, which tells that it is his own. One gentle-
man pointed out to me a stack of curiously or-
namented chimnies, " more than 200 years old," and
to the manner in which his own improvements and
adornments harmonised with the ancient character
of his dwelling, with a degree of pride and satisfac-
tion seldom felt by the nominal or encumbered owner
of a vast demesne. And when, he aided, after re-
ferring to the substantial state of his old buildings,
and the well executed new ones he had erected,
that, after all he had done in the way of improve-
ment, he bad saved a considerable sum of money
during his occupation of his farm, I could not help
contrasting the condition of such a yeoman proprietor
with that of a territorial magnate, whose large estate,
loaded with debt and fettered by entail, scarcely
affords him the means of keeping up appearances. I
believe that an Encumbered Estate Bill would pro
mote as much improvement in England as it is likely
to do in Ireland, and not the least of such improve-
ments would be the increase of the number of holders
of moderate-sized landed estates.
Sept. 1850.

A MIDLAND COUNTIES FARMER.

EXPLOSION AT ✓Tilt PROOF-

HOUSE, BIRMINGHAM.
BIRMINGHAM, • SiPT. 'serious accident,
which but for the mist providential circumstances,
might have resulted in a lamentable loss of human
life, occurred at the Gun-barrel Proof-bouse this
morning%
The Proof-house in Birmingham is established 14,-
Act of Parliament for the purpose of testing the qua-
lity and safety of gun-barrels previously to their being
admitted into military stores or issued for public use.
Some hundreds of thousaask pasi through this orderl
in the course of a year. The extreme danger of the
work here, performedmay-in part be judged of by its
nature,'andhy, those terrific reports of over-,charged
and unproved barrels to which the inhabitants of
Birmingham are accustomed to listen every hour, of
the day.
The facts Connected with the explosion, so far as we
have been' able _to ascertain them, are as follows :
Shortly before eight o'clock a loud noise was heard
to proceed from the back part of the premises, and at
the same time the-inner yard'was darkened by dense
clouds of smoke" and dust. It was soon ascertained
that an explosion bad occurred in the room in which
barrels are loaded previously to their being fired.
The roof of the building was blown off, and the outer
walls completely destroyed. At the moment the ac-
cident occurred the only -two men employed in the,
process of-loading were John Derry and John Pal-
mer, both Of whom,-as soon as the rubbish and mate-
rials by which they were covered or surroundtd could
be removed, were extricated from the demolished
building: They were both dreadfully burnt and much
hurt—Derry, it is feared, fatally injured ; his piercing
screams are described as agonizing. The men were
both conveyed to the General Hospital, and every at-
tention promptly paid -to them. Just previous to the
occurrence of the accident the proof-master was in
the room, and having loaded several barrels' gave them
to Derry and Palmer t 6 Rad he remained
in the building half a minute longer he must unques-
tionably have been amongst the sufferers. How Derry
and Palmer escaped -instant death appears to be mira-
culous,

How the explosion was caused is as yet a matter
of speculation, although, from the 'few words which
have escaped one of the injured men; it is not impro-
bable that it was Accidentally the effect of friction.
All the instruments or implements used in
the loading-room are, for sc.fety, of copper
material, but it is believed that one of the
men dropped together, a number of gun barrels on the
fleor, and that a spark, the result of friction, caught

the gunpowder. The exact quantity of gunpowder
that was in the building is not known, but it must
have been considerable. The barrelF, before being
subjected to proof, are loaded with ball, and there is
reason to apprehend that one is lodged either ,in the
side or hip of Derry.
The concussion caused the destruction of many
windows in the neighbourhood. The Proof-house in
this respect is sadly damaged, and the adjoining pre.
mises of Messrs. Peyton and Hicklin, manufacturing
chemists, have suffered to some extent. The surface
of the Birmingham Canal, which runs immediately
behind the Proof-house, was strewed with fragments
of the building, and bricks were propelled to the dis-
tance of nearly 100 yards. The Magazine in the centre
of the Proof-house-yard—a massive stone fire-proof
erection—was uninjured. Had the shock been suffi-
cient to move this from its foundation, the conse-
quences would have been terrible. The last explosion
of the kind took place 32 years ago, but on that
occasion little personal injury resulted from the oc-
currence.

The business of the Proof-house—so commodious
are the premises—vs ill not be materially checked, so
that the gun trade of Birmingham will not
.be se-
riously inconvenienced.

THEATRE ROYAL, HULL.
(From the Hull Advertiser.)
Ori Monday evening an English operatic party,
ncluding Mr. W. Harrison, Mr. Weiss, Mr. 11.
Corri, Miss Louisa Pyne, and Mrs. Weiss, commenced
a short engagement at this theatre, when each ap-
peared in good voice, and, by their eftbrts determined
to merit approbation. Such an array of talent could
not fail to attract good audiences, including a more
than usually large number of that class in whose
education music, with its refining and mind-ennobling
influences, forms a prominent feature. Would that the
means'of such an acquisition were within the reach of
all ; then would the opera realise one of the great ends
intended to be accomplished by its talented masters.
Operatic performances, by such a talented band of
artistes as above enumerated, are always welcome in
a provincial theatre, affording, as they do, an agree-
able relief from the heavy routine of dramatic repre-
sentation. On Monday evening, as, indeed, through-
out the week, the audiences have been of the most
flattering kind. The dress boxes have presented a
brilliant appearance—the' elite of the town and neigh-
bourhood being present.
The opening piece was Balfe's Bohemian Girl, in
which the whole quintette appeared. The first solo
in the opera deserving notice introduced to us Miss
Louisa Pyne, the prima donna of the party, in that
rather hackneyed but pleasing ballad, "I dreamt that
I dwelt in marble halls," the rendering of which at
once gained for her the unequivocal approbation of
the audience. Mrs. Weiss, as the Gipsy Queen,
delivered the music incidental to the part in as agree-
able a manner as the monotony of some of the passages
would allow. Mr. Harrison received a hearty wel-
come on his first entrance, which was continued
throughout the evening : he was encored in the popu-
lar ballad, "When other lips," which he sung in his
wonted style. Mr. Weiss, in " The heart bow'd
down," made a very favourable impression; as also
did Mr. 11. Corri, as Devilshoof, the humorous traits
of which character he brought out in a style which
would do no discredit to Paul Bedford himself. But
the gem of the evening was unconnected with the opera,
and which, from the want of proper publicity being
audience.giv- n, vv,a s llisv tee nael dl u tdoe btyo nt oh te rye
atrhi aa
tni
oonn
se -
ohne
Rf oofdtel:
se
Air," by Miss Pyne. It is impossible to describe the
artistic manner in which this was given ; Richardson's
purity of tone and rapid fingering of his favourite
instrument could not surpass the delivery of this
magnificent piece of vocalisation. The sustained
shake in D in alt was listened to with silent amaze-
ment by her delighted audience. An unanimous
encore followed, which was instantly responded to
by this charming cantatrice repeating the bravura
passages.
On Tuesday evening Wallace's opera of Maritana
was brought out, the two principal characters—Don
Caner and Maritana—being sustained by Mr. Harri-
son and Miss Pyne. The lady, although small in
stature, is remarkably prepossessing in appearance,
and possesses vocal powers well adapted for
giving effect to the many rich songs and
concerted pieces falling to the lot of the joy-
ous and aspiring gitana. She displayed judg-
ment and precision, both in her acting and singing,
which would do credit to maturer years. The " Harp
in the air," in the first act, was a charming effort.
Her clear, full voice, now swelling with powerful
melody, and anon breathing the silvery tones of the
harp, quite enraptured the audience, and at the out.
set won for her their especial favour. Throughout the
piece, including that sweet aria," Scenes that are bright-
est," in which she received a flattering encore, Miss Py ne
exercised her vocal powers to advantage, and with such
freedom and grace as will undoubtedly secure for her
a high position in her line. Mr. Corri, as Charles
the Second, acd Mrs. Weiss, as the faithful page,
Lezarillo, %ere equalled good. Perhaps the gentleman
might have dressed a little more becoming a king.
We often look in vain for the display of that charac-
teristic benevolence which the page manifests to his
preserver, and that delicate and artless acting which
is essential to a successful development of the plot ;
not so, however, on this occasion ; all was to the life,
and the singing, especially " Alas ! those chimes so
sweetly pealing" (encored), was,•.if anything, more
pleasing than her personations. Mr. Weiss, as Don
Jose, fully sustained his previous reputation. Of
course llarrison was "at home" as Don Caesar. In
him we have the mad-cap Bacchanalian reveller de-
picted with such force as to remind us of the late
lamented lessee of the Royal, who, as an actor, was
the Don Caesar. But it is as a vocalist Mr. Harrison
excels, and however high we may rate his talents as a
mere actor, they are far outdone by his masterly exe-
cution of some of the first tenor songs in the piece.
In one or two instances we have heard him in better
voice ; yet he was the " soul" of the piece. It is
always difficult to obtain an efficient band of choris-
ters in the pro‘inces, and this was very evident on
this occasion ; the orchestra, too, instead of compen-
sating for, actually increased the defect.

THE OUTRAGE on MR. CURETON.
The police belonging to the City and metropolitan
divisions were actively engaged during yesterday
(Monday) in endeavouring to trace out the perpe-
trators of this outrage, but up to nine o'clock last
night no tidings of them could be obtained. Mr. Cure -
ton is now perfectly convalescent, but it is the opinion
of Mr. Brand, the surgeon who was called in, that his
life was saved only through Mrs. Wilson, the land-
lady of the house, going up to his room at the instant
she did The following were the articles taken away,
the publication of which may probably have the effect
of preventing their sale in the market, and may lead to
the apprehension of the would-be murderers :--A silver
lever watch, with double bottom, engine-turned, open
face, capped and jewelled in eight holes; steel balance,
going fuzee, hard enamelled seconds dial; number
stamped in cases and engraved on watch, 7,504 ; maker's
name John Hu; Percival-street, London. A large
gold curb chain and three gold seals, one a Persian,
attached to the above. A small diamond pin. Anglo-
Saxon coins of Alfred and very many others. Crowns
from Edward VI. to Victoria, in great variety of types
and dates; the Victoria's are proof.; with plain edges.
Half-crowns from Oliver Cromwell to George 111.,
in great variety of dates and types. Shillings from
Henry VIII. to Victoria, a very extensive assortment,
many of great 'variety. Groats from E lward IV. to
Charles 11., including some .of Richard III.; a very
large collection. Scotch coins, including three shil-
lings of Mary with her portrait, and a sixpence of the
same type, but with a counter mark, and various others
from Charles I. to Anne. Some dollars of Mary and
Henry, and some specimens of the coins of James VI.,
three-quarter length. A very large collection of siege
coins of Charles 1., Newark, Pomfret, Ormond, &c.

PRIDE THAT A;aEnSd 11eIN,t TIT . —An anecdote is
related of the llon.
Spencer. now "Father
g
Ignatius" :—" llabited in the
garb of ofthe Pass ionist Order,
bareheaded and barefooted, be applied to a cabman in the
Strand to carry him to Buckingham Palace, to see his sister,
Lady Lyttleton. The cabman looking knowingly at the Rev.
Gentleman, replied, 'No, no poor 'fellowl What asylum
have you made your escape from ?'—and declined accepting
his fare though offered' in. advance."
THE ABDUCTION; .OR, THE MARVELS OF MES-
mEntsm. --This new and original novel, by- the Baroness
Prucharzlo, in 3 volumes, is published this day by Mr.
Shoberi, 1,0, Great Marlborough-street, and may be had at
all respectable libraries. Also, now ready, 2. "Royalists and
Roundheads; or, the Days of Charles the First," 3 vols.
"Reminds us very much of Mr. Warburton's' Prince Rupert
and the Cavaliers,' and, like that amusing work, does justice to
the subject, and sets it out in a new but not less pleasing light."
—Bell's Messenger. 3. "The, Miser's Secret; or, the Days of
James the First," 3 vols.—" Whoever the writer may be, we
can safely prognosticate a ling series of successes. An easy
style, pictorial power, and truthful colouring, place this novel
high on the list of modern historical romances,"—Morning
Chronicle.

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