The Sun.
London, England, 1868-08-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVkNING, AUGUST 17, 1868.

ROMAN AFFAIRS.

(From the Correspondent of the Westminster Gazette.)
ROME, August 8.
On the Feast of S. Mary of the Angels, it
is the Holy Father's custom to visit some
church of the Franciscan order, where the
" Pardon of .Assissi " is to be gained. This
year he selected the humble convent of the
Capuchin nuns on the Quirinal. After hear-
ing Mass in the chapel, he admitted the nuns
to kiss his feet. On the Snperioress asking his
benediction for two sick nuns, he answered,
" I will myself be the bearer of it." The con-
solation such a visit was calculated to afford
may well be imagined. One of them was
very near her last, and had already been
extrema& ; her suffering countenance was
lighted up with joy at the sound of his ap-
proach, which she said seemed to her a sort
of foretaste of the more solemn and august
Presence into which she was so soon to enter,
and she besought his assistance in preparing
her for it. _ _ _

He will visit the camp and say Mass for the
brigade now quartered there on Monday. Mgr.
Borromeo goes there on Sunday to take pos-
session as patron of the Church of Rocca di
Papa, which is dedicated to the illustrious
ornament of his family, S. Charles, and he will
remain there to receive his Holiness. _ _ _

The Consistory which was to have been held
yesterday is adjourned till September, one
reason being that Mgr. Ferrieri is not re-
turned from Lisbon, and he was one of the
new cardinals to confer the hat on whom the
Consistory was to have been held. It is ex-
pected that the Pope will deliver an allocation
on indifferentism in education, being moved
thereto by the Lye& opened at Constantinople
under the auspices of the French Government
in general, and M. Durny in particular, in
which it would seem that M. Duruy's favourite,
views on secularizing education prevail. It is
probable that at the same time five cardinals
will be created. Those spoken of are Mgr.
Chigi, Nuncio at Paris ; Mgr. Falcinelli, Nuncio
at Vienna; Mgr. Ferrari, Minister of Finance ;
Mgr. de Merode, formerly Minister of War, and
who did so much in organizing the Pontifical
army. He is at present chaplain to the Pope,
in which office he may probably be succeeded
by Mgr. Talbot.
I have heard it again asserted that the
Schismatic bishops will be invited to come to
Rome at the time of the Council, when they
will be admitted to propose their doubts and
listen to arguments in refutation of them.
Assisting at this solemn assembly, they would
have the opportunity afforded them of learn-
ing something of the true spirit of the Catholic
Church, which could not but edify them and
incline them for unity.
I see some English papers have been amusing
their readers with stories of exciting events
here, which have had no existence, except in
the imagination of their writers. They have
told of discoveries of mines under the fortifi-
cations of the Aventine ; of depots of red
shirts and arms, and clandestine meetings of
revolutionists ; but the Aventine earthworks
are not to be blown up quite as easily as a wall
or a building ; and the police are pretty well
informed of the whereabouts of the various
Garibaldian plotters, and know how to bide
their time for routing them, but there has
been no seizures of late. It is, I believe, true,
however, that it has been sought to set up, like
last year, revolutionary centres in some of the
little border towns of the State, and it is a
significant fact that this time they are almost
exclusively Mazzinian..
The Pope, in his desire for the promotion of
science and art, has lately addressed a letter
of congratulation to P. Vercellone (Barna-
bite), and P. Cozza (Basilian), on their repro- ' ,
duction of the C"dex Sinaiticus of the Vatican
library. This codex is one of the most com-
plete as, well as most ancient manuscripts
of the Bible in existence. It is written
on antelope-skin, and all in capital letters of
very clear and beautiful character. The
Tipographia of the Propaganda, of which Cava-
here Marietti is the able director, has succeeded
in reproducing the whole of the New Testament
from this MS., within the space of a year, and
that as perfectly as if he had been assisted
by photography. A page of this reproduction
was sent to the Paris Exhibition, where it ex-
cited a great deal of attention. It is far more
correct, more complete, and better brought out
than the celebrated Mount Athos Codex, pub-
lished by Tischendorf. I also hear that Cardi-
nal Bonaparte has lately written to Pere Lion,
of the Dominican Mission at Messoul, request-
ing him to undertake the supervision of a
popular edition of the Bible, in Arabic, for
the use of certain Oriental Christians, to be
brought out entirely at his expense.
I am glad to learn, from an authentic source,
that the greater part of the five thousand rifles
promised by the Belgian Committee, made
at Liege, on the Remington model, are already
on their way hither, and that a consignment
of rifled cannon will shortly follow them. The
whole are to be delivered by the end of Sep-
tember. We hope Birmingham will not show
less alacrity. An attempt has been made in
certain journals to show that the committees
in various countries, for raising funds for the
Pontifical army, have been acting in a manner
calculated to derogate from the dignity of the
Roman Government ; it is not easy, however,
to see anything of the kind. Of course, it may
be possible that there mayhave been individual
instances in which zeal may have outstripped
perfect subordination. But no act, done in a
spirit of calculated or intentional indepen-
dence of the Government, can be pointed out.
Some desire was certainly shown to inquire
into the disposition of the funds subscribed,
and the labours of the commission appointed
by the Pope for this purpose have resulted
in establishing that the whole army department
has been most satisfactorily managed. Besides,
all who have subscribed in a truly Catholic
spirit must feel that they have made their
offering to the Holy See, and for the Holy
See, and that the Government of the Holy
See must be able to judge better of the mode of
applying them than any national committee.
Discussions on this matter have led to
another discussion akin to it in nature, though
far higher in import—the question of whether
the Holy See might not gain advantage from
the genius, zeal, and devotion of its non-
Roman members in the various departments
of its administrative as well as in its military
service. The narrowing the territory under
its temporal jurisdiction certainly seems to
weaken the force of the principle that the ad-
ministration ought to be kept in the hands of
Romans. And there are people—generally
Frenchmen perhaps—who like to fancy they
foresee a time when the tiara itself may again
be given to one from beyond the Alps.
You have seen in the .Afortiteur that M. de
Malaret has signed, with Signor Cambray-
Digny, the final protocol Of the division of the
Pontifical debt. It is not very easy to see
what is meant. Is the Pope's Government
expected to believe that it may look for the
regular payment by Italy of the amount due ?
Italy must earn a different character for her
appreciation of the value of promises from that
she now bears, before the Pope can afford to
dismiss one man from his army on faith of her
undertakings.
The Zouaves are now settled down in their
trial of the camp. They seem to enjoy the life
very much, and find the air very healthy,
almost too fresh oven at night. I went down
the day after the troops ' • they had got through
the march very well. One or two stragglers
were still on the way. One poor Dutchman
was lying in the shade of a dry ditch by the
road side, and implored assistance in broken
French. I had only a light carriage, already
somewhat heavily laden, but I took his knap-
sack and all he had to carry for him, and he
walked on cheerily behind. I saw him again in
the evening in Rocca di Papa, much relieved.
Colonel Allet has the command of the bri-
gade, in the absence of General de Courten.
There are four battalions, composed some of
six and some of seven companies, with 140

men in each, consequently between three and
four thousand men. There is also a battalion
of dragoons and of cacciatori, and a battery
of artillery. A Jesuit Father, de Gerlach, is
one of the chaplains. There are also two Dutch
and one English (F. Gurdon), without count-
ing the ordinary Italian army chaplains. The
office of chaplain is no sinecure, for the majority
of the men attend the Sacraments very fre-
quently. A tent has been erected for the King
of Naples, who is a frequent visitor from the
Villa Botti, at Rocca di Papa, where he is stay-
ing with his brother Count di Bari. He may
also often be seen kneeling, without any state
or distinction, on the lowly wooden benches
of the little. Trinitarian Church, near the gate
of the town. I am sorry to have to record the
death of an English Zouave this week, Mitchell
by name, of gastric fever, in the hospital of
S. Spirito. He was very much liked in his
company for his quiet amiable manners, but
he never looked strong enough for the life to
which he had generously committed himself,
and I had found him in the hospital on one or
two occasions before his last illness.
General Alfan di Privera, formerly director
of the royal arsenal of Petrarsa. (Naples), is
engaged in superintending the conversion of
the smooth-bore cannon we have, as well as
the making of some new rifled guns, in the
Pontifical ironworks near the Vatican. Two
hundred guns, however, are required to mount
all the recent fortifications.
St. Peter's chains have been exposed for an
octave since last Saturday at S. Pietro in
Vincoli; great numbers apply to venerate them
daily. lam informed that the number of fac-
similes of these chains made in steel, silver and
gold, and commonly used as watchguards,
which have been sold by the confraternity
lately established for this purpose, amounts to
47,000, showing haw widespread the devotion
is. A considerable proportion have gone to
America. The profits arising from the sale go
towards the decoration of this most interesting
church, the receptacle of Michael Angelo's
greatest work of sculpture.

the English people is true to Protestantism.
But now for the other fear—danger to the
Church of England. Who are the enemies of
the Church of England ? Not Mr. Miall.
Well, lam speaking comparatively—l would
not attempt to mislead you by saying he is a
friend of the Church of England—but he is
not an enemy compared with those bishops
and clergy who are making the men through-
out the country who are friends of the Church
of England ask this question—Are we sure that
the State Church will remain a Protestant
Church, because, if there be any danger of its
not remaining the Protestant Church, we, as
members of the State, can have nothing to do
with a Church that is not the Protestant
Church. That is the question which many
friends of the Church—for instance, the Me-
thodists—have been asking in a way which I
would advise all friends of the Church to heed,
and to consider that as their danger, and not
what Mr. Miall or the Liberation Society may
be doing. I will say here what I said in the
House of Commons—l said it in the House
of Commons where the majority agreed with
me ; I will say it here where probably the ma-
jority do not agree with me—that I should be
sorry if by any action of those within the
Church or without the Church the English
Church came to an end. And I will tell you
why; not because I think there is any very
great advantage in the bishops being in the
House of Lords—not because I conceive that
in the present state of society and civilization
an Establishment is necessary. If I were a
colonist, I should probably do as other colo-
nists do, be they Whigs, Conservatives, or
Radicals—have perfect equality in religion ;
but as England is now constituted and cir-
cumstanced, I believe the' clergy of the Eng-
lish Church do great good. I should feel that
if the Church were disestablished and dis-
connected from the State, a great engine of
good would be removed. I consider that engine
of good to be the parochial system. I believe
the fact of having a man in each parish—it does
not apply so much to you as to the country
parishes, though it applies to you, for look
what Dr. Hook did at Leeds—but I believe that
the fact that there is a man whose business
it is to look after the welfare of his pari-
shioners is an enormous advantage, and, in
the present state of society, I should be most
loth to do without it ; but compare the paro-
chial system in England as it is, and as it
might be if the Church still more did its duty,
with what it is in Ireland, and I wonder from
the bottom of my heart why the friends of
the English Church wis'i to tack upon it the
Irish Church. There is the parochial system
in England, which dons good ; in Ireland it is
impossible, in most parts of Ireland it is an in-
sult. How could a man look after the spiri-
tual interests of his parishioners when an enor-
mous majority of them are taught week by
week to believe that he is a heretic? It is a
glaring anomaly, and I say, who are the real
friends of the Church of England—those who
wish to separate the Church of Ireland from
her, or those who wish to make her indissolubly
united with the Church of Ireland ? I have
heard men say in the House of Commons it is
the Established Church of England and Ire-
land, and no power ought to dissolve that
union. If it was right that no power could
dissolve that union, then a question would
come before many of us which, as friends of
the English Church, we don't wish to be
asked ; we should have this question then to
solve—we should be told hatt the two Churches
must be united, that the English Church could
not be separated from the Irish Church, and
believing, as I do believe, That it cannot be
maintained in Ireland, except first or last at
the point of the bayonet. We should then be
obliged to ask ourselves this question—" Is
the English Church, with all its blessings,
worth preserving at that cost ?' I say the
friends of the Church ought to be very careful
before they put that question before us, and I
believe they are feeling that at this moment,
and it is because they so feel that we find so
little response to that appeal of the Bishop
of liDndon to the 20,000 clergymen—which
he must regret he ever made—and therefore
I say I am not the less a friend of the English
Church because T argue with all my might for
the disestablishmont of the Irish Church."

THE FUTILITY OF INVADING CANADi

(From the Anglo American 2 imes.)

The correspondent of the Stan far 1, writing from
New York on the Ist instant, describes au inter- I
view with the Fenian President, General O'NEILL.
There is something supremely ridiculous in such an
interview, considering that O'NEILL is supposed to
be at the head of a secret conspiracy to carry illegal
designs into effect which may involve great losses
of life and property, and be attended with unfore-
seen political consequences. The correspondent
asks for an interview, proceeds to the headquarters,
and sits down with the chief conspirator.to discuss
the plans, making notes, at least in his memory, for
one of the most widely circulated journals in the
world. The correspondent, who is evidently a
shrewd observer, left the " President" impressed
with the conviction, not from what he said but his
manner, that he means mischief, and that the inva-
sion will soon take place. A question put was very
pertinent, and one we would like to have clearly
answered. " Finally, I ask him plumply, what he
hopes to gain by attacking the people of the pro-
vinces. Sir,' says he my principle is that every
Englishman is an enemy to Ireland ; that when an
Englishman is assaulted anywhere the whole na-
tion must feel it; and I think that England will
never be brought to her senses but by this con-
tinual attack. England understands force, but
she does not care for discussion. Socially, I think
that the Canadians are very respectable people,
and I have no personal grudge against them."
O'NEILL is in such talk fencing, for there can be, ac-
cording to our light, hut the one object, to involve
the United States in a war with England. In this
we believe the Fenians would eventually be suc-
cessful, if they could but keep the game up, and
America would learn what Irish emigration had
done for the United States, after years of the most
devastating and bloody contest. If a split in the
States, led to the frightful loss of life and treasure
entailed—a split in the Anglo-Saxon family must
cause worse results ; each section possessing enor-
mous resources, great endurance, and much pride.
Perhaps no war was ever fought for a greater and
better object than that of the North, for it meant
the unity of a continent and the freedom of a race.
It was this that gave to the invaders the energy and
perseverance which eventually brought it to a suc-
cessful close, overcoming the determined opposition
of the invaded, whose spirit and dash were naturally
aroused to defend their country. If the Fenians
gained their end, the war that would ensue would
enjoy the distinction of being the most causeless and
aimless, and it is in this that we might look for the
best chance of its speedy end. Mr. MACIUME, Mr.
GEORGE FRANCIS TRAIN, and others, have spoken
of a sharp, quick, and wicked war, ending with
the downfall of England. The downfall of
England! Why, if the whole world com-
bined, and gave all their energies to it, such
a result could only be produced by time —a time
that would wring the very hearts of the nations en-
gaged in the attempt. If a comparatively poor,
scattered people, without mechanical resources,
without credit, and without a marine, could for
years withstand the efforts of a population three
times as n imerous, with good credit, with vast
fleets, and immense mechanical resources on their
borders, how can these writers imagine for a moment
that the concentrated energy, poputition, and
wealth of England could be crushed by any means
known to the world ? The folly of a war intended
to effect anything in Ireland would be quickly
shown to be as absurd as if England undertook
to give a civil government to the State of Mis-
sissippi. No doubt hundreds of vessels would be
sunk, hundreds captured, towns would be bom-
barded, Canada perhaps overrun—but what effect
would all this have on Ireland ? We venture to
assert that there would not even be a repetition of
the late contemptible rising in that island, and that
Irishmen would form a very large portion of the
regiments and crews with which England prose-

cuted the war. Then, to sink and destroy ships,
to bombard cities, and to. desolate Canada would be
the end for which Irishmen in thousands would
fall on each side. When the nations took
stock it would be found that they were insolvent,
for so great would be the addition to their already
burdensome debts that they could not bear the
increase, the more so as the addition would be ex-
pended in destroying their resources. The corre-
spondent says that if this unspeakable calamity
occurs " the English people will certainly have no
reason to enumerate among the causes of the catas-
trophe a want of patience on their own part. I take
it that few nations would submit with equal equa-
nimity to the irritations perpetually put by Ame-
rican citizens upon England ;" and he goes on to
show what would be the case if the provocation
came from England. Although this is forcibly put,
a main element is omitted. England does not, and
cannot, forget that the provocation is not American

—it is Irish—that the theatre is the United States,
but the actors are men reared under her own flag.
It may be unfortunate, but it is true that English
acts have caused the discontent ; and though these
acts were of a bygone generation, a nation has no
more right to immunity from the bad deeds of their
forefathers than they have to profit by their virtue,
valour, and success. Knowing that England was
in fault, Englishmen feel they must bear with the
waywardness of a race so deeply wronged. To
drive these people to America which has been the
final effect of their legislation, and to com-
plain of Americans because the emigrants con-
spire in the land to which they have been driven
against those they consider their oppressors would
be unreasonable. Doubtless there is some cause of
complaint in the count6nance the conspiracy re-
ceives from the authorities in the United States;
but this is precisely what occurred in England dur-
ing the American civil war, and more than aught
else does that recollection shut the mouth of com-
plaint. Had it been deliberately planned by the
United States, although a bitter revenge, it would
still be unworthy. They were United States citi-
zens who made England the theatre of hostile ope-
rations against the United States. They are Bri-
tish citizens who make the United States the
theatre of hostile operations against England. The
British Government excused their delay in sup-
pressing these operations by the declaration that
their free laws did not permit them to interfere
until these laws bad been openly infringed. The same
excuse is made by the Government at Washington.
A bad feeling was engendered in the United States
by the course England pursued during the war.
The American paper the Standard so often quotes
says, in its number of July 25—" The seeds then
sown have borne evil fruit. The hatred against
England is deep seated in the nation. A war with
her would no doubt bepopular, and many Americans
look with complacency to such a day of reckoning."
On the other hand, Englishmen, if that were the
universal feeling in America, would respond by
instantly throwing dow❑ the gauntlet, for they
argue if they have to fight, the sooner the better.
But this is rubbish, for what have they to fight
about? or what could either expect to gain ? We
daresay the railway thieves, the horse robbers, and
the gangs of brigands whom tho citizens of some
States are now lynching unmercifully, would rather
enjoy a war, as well as the mass of the naturalized
Irish, and a number of young men who have a taste
for adventure, but none for honest labour. People
in conversation speak loosely and express opinions
and intentions, which they dismiss at once in prac-
tice. Even in Congress the greatest absurdity in
this way is often talked ; but, however numerous
may be the firebrands, there are plenty of sober
citizens ready with buckets of water to extinguish
them when they show signs of bursting into flame.
We have to pull through this year, and things, we
feel confident, will then settle down into a more
peaceful and prosperous state, with a new President
in the White House, and a new Parliament in St.
Stephen's Halls.

MONEY AND BUSINESS.

(From the Springfield Republican, Aug. 1.)

The glut in the money market continues. At New
York call loans on Governments are made freely at 3 per
cont., and during the course of the week even as low as 2
per cent. There is a disinclination to take long paper;
prima discounts on short time are made at 6 to 7 per cent.
At Boston money can be had on call at 4 por cent. In
discounts the bank; give the preference to paper which
matures before next quarterday —that absurd and miichiev-
ous bugboar to our finance. The general range of prime
-paper is for 6to 7 per cent. At, Chicago, Cie b mks report
a light business doing, and a constant accumulation of
country balances. The lumber trade continues to call for
money, but not, as was expected, enough to produce even
ordinary tension in the market. Call loans on Govern-
ments aro negotiated at 7 to 8 per cant., and prime produce
paper is taken readily at 10 per cent. At Cincinnati tho
supply of currency is ample, and the market continues
easy at unchanged rates. Paper having 60 or 90 days to
run is preferred to short-dated. Between bankers and de-
positors 8 to 9 per cent. are the leading figures, but in
open market 10 to 12 is charged. Some loans were made
on call at 6to 7 per cont. At New Oileaus tho demand
for discounts is still very small, and good city paper is
readily taken. Country paper is almost invariably re-
fused, owing to the social and political condition of the dis-
trict. Call or short loans on solid security are made
easily. There is plenty of money, but great caution in
its use. _ _ _

Gold has risen steadily during the week, closing at its
highest figure, 144. Wo ha&expected it would be at 145
by this time. That it will reach this point, wo have
no doubt; and should not be surprised to see it
working up still higher. Gold for cash delivery is
easy. The ' New York. Times, which has steadily
fought against the advance in the premium, says :
"Tho importing merchants generally are quite con-
fident that the present high premium on gold cannot
be maintained through the fall months, and they
aro borrowing both gold and exchange in preference
to buying for their present want; on the basis of 143 to
1431 per cent." The grounds of this confidence we fail to
apprehend. Gold unfortunately does not at present mea-
sure our products, and so does not rise with them ; but it
has some uses yet, and a certain amount of it is required
to accomplish them. The stock is being constantly and
rapidly drawn down ; why should not the price rise ? The
following are the quotations of exchange :—London, 60
days, 1101 ; London, sight, 1101; Paris, long, 5.13 to 5.12+;
Paris, short, 5.101 ; Antwerp, 5.16 to 5.15 ; Swiss, 5.16 to
5.15 ; Hamburg, 361 to 361 ; Amsterdam, 411 to 411 ;
Frankfort, 41 to 411 ; Bremen, 79+ to 80; Berlin, 714 to 72.
Governments have risen slightly during the week,
following gold up slowly. The demand for export con-
tinues, and Five-twenties are shipped largely for exchange.
Secretary 11PCulloch has notified holders of Seven-thirty
Treasury Notes falling due July 15, 1868, that the time
for the conversion of these notes into Five-twenty Bonds
will cease August 1.
The railway market has not been of decided interest
this week. Toledo and Wabash made a strong upward
movement, reaching 51 ; but has declined to 511, under a
pressure to realize. Erie has been more active, and
a large amount of stock has been purchased during
the week by parties supposed to be in the interest
of the new "direction." North-Western touched
85 this week, but has gone down to 82. Border
States have shown rather more activity. North Carolinas
aro lower. Missouris higher and firm. Virginias are du
and depressed under the failure to reconstruct. Tennessees
were advancing well at the close at the week, but the
proposition to fund the coupons caused a decline, on
Thursday, as has already been indicated in our telegraphic
columns. The Legislature unanimously passed resolu-
tions admitting the inability of the State to pay the in-
terest accrued and accruing, and proposing to fund the debt
with all interest coming due within three years, into thirty
years six per cent. bonds. This is certainly better than
nothing, better than to have matters drag along as they
aro. Funding debt and interest aro sometimes the only
resource of corporation, or States in difficulties, and it has
iu rare cases resulted fortunately. It is an extreme mea-
sure, but the holderg of Tennessoes will reasonably prefer
it to the present condition of things—no pay and no apo-
logy. Express stocks have been more active during the
week, though without improvement in price, except Wells
Fargo, which has advanced to 27+. The import entries at
New York for the past week amount to $5,888,083, against
$5,220,852 same week last year. Export clearances of do-
mestic produce, $2,633,195 against $3,892,321. Export of
specie, $1,463,249 against 3,491,960. The gold values of im-
port entries of foreign merchandise at Now York since Jan. 1,
1868, amount to $111,441,165 against $152,863,873 ; de-
crease, $11,419,703. The currency value of the exports of
domeetic produce and miscellaneous goods from Now York
since January 1, 1868, $93,922,941 against $109,441,535;
decrease, $18,618,591. Tho exports of specie of all de-
scriptions from New York since January 1, 1868,
$58,982,539 against $38,513, 386 ; increase, $20,439,153.
Tho deliveries of California gold and silver at Now York
since January 1, $24,282,4 02 against $15,955,870 ; increase
$8,326,532.
Cotton has further declined to 29+ for middling up-
lands, against 32+ a few weeks ago. Three million bales
is now quite generally given as the total of the coming
crop. If so, the decline is sufficiently accounted for, and
cotton may stay at or near 30. But we do not believe tho