The Sun.
London, England, 1850-05-06 00:00:00

0 1 0
0 1 0

0 2 6

tion ... ••• ... ••• •••
Slipersedeas of execution, or certificate of pay-
meat, or withdrawal of cause ... ••• 0 l. 6
Warrant of commitment for au insult or mis-

0 1 0

demeanour in Court ... •••
O 2 0
Entering
. ••• uired .. ••• ••• " 0 2 0
..• •••
Liming summonses for jury
O 1 6
and
.giving notice of jury being
Entering re-
..• •••
Swearing jury
Every hreeacroing recognizance,
i zac
elo 5 0
O 2 6
li,quiry into sufficiency of sureties proposed,
tari ,:.o orr ns
security
usruiitty,
fwo i tr h
costs
o l
s juryo .
and taking bond on removal of plaint, or
grant of new trial, or other occasion ... 0 2 6
Taxing costs ...
...
..
2
• 0
The ••• ••• 0
bailiffs' fees were in like manner exceedingly
heavy. The demands on the suitor for justice, and
eventually on the perhaps embarrassed defendant, if
he could contrive to liquidate the cost!, were very
oppressive, and gave occasion, as might easily be
conceived, for many well-founded complaints—a
fact fully admitted by the Attorney-General on
Thursday during the discussion in Committee on the
various clauses. It is true that the parties did not
become absolutely entitled to these fees for their own
benefit, for where they appeared to be more than suf-
ficient a Secretary of State might order a cer-
tain part only to be paid, the residue to
go to the general fund of the Court. This pos-
sible
application did not, however, render them
less onerous or vexatious to the parties—to the plain-
tiff., by whom they were paid in the first instance,
or to
fall ;.
the defendants, on whom they would eventually
impediment abenreeafilciaglrioepvearnacteloa"Olf
andthey consttiotuttehde
a serious

the law.
The measure now before the House, excellent as it
is in some respects, made no effort to remedy this ad-
mitted evil ; on the contrary, it would, as originally
framed, have materially aggravated the nuisance. The
Attorney-General, bowel er, moved an amendment,
which after some discussion was carried without a divi-
sion,will therefore to the effect that " the fees now payable upon
,plaints above 101. shall be the fee to be taken ;in
statute, , 201. The
plaints ahoy',
tit if ore be the charges in force under the new
it s auld finally pass in its present form.
BAt why,h Tie %5k (witb the go, and loorind

Gentleman the Member for Sheffield), " why could
not justice be got without any graduated scale of
fees?" Why should not the courts of justice be open
to every claimant without fee or reward ? Every
man is compelled by the law of society to relinquish
a certain portion of his natural liberty, to contri-
bute a certain portion of his income, howsoever
derived, of his earnings, however scanty, to
provide for the public expenditure and the
support of the national establishments. In return, he
is to receive " protection to person and (property."
As an equivalent for that which is taken away, he is
to be secured in the full and unqualified enjoyment of
the residue. Such is the constitutional theory, but
what is the practice ? He cannot have recourse to the
public tribunals for the enforcement of any demand,
the protection of any right, without having to;provide
for exorbitant fees, thus having to pay a second time
for that to which he is entitled in return for the taxes
for which he is liable.

Every conscientious reformer, every man anxious
to do justice to his fellow-subjects, should endeavour
to abolish the entire system of " fees" for justice.
Let every public officer be remunerated by a salary
proportioned to the services required at his hands.
Let him be paid, and liberally, but not exorbitantly,
and let those payments be pro'ided from the national
Exchequer, which will in time be replenished by the
general contributions of the people, when every man
in the community will ray for the support of our es-
tablishments secundum statum et facultates.

Under the title of " A Career in the Commons,"4*
a very excellent work has just made its appearance,
and we refer to it here rather than among our
critical notices, because its contents are more of a

political than of a literary character. In a
series of letters purporting to be addressed to
a young Member of Parliament, the public ques-
tions of the day are discussed in a liberal and im-
partial spirit, and thus, although the work is avowedly
addressed to a Member of the Legislature, it is, in
fact, better adapted for general perusal. At a period
when the Administration of the country is so greatly
influenced by popular opinion, it is not only expedient,
but it is a matter of vital importance to the national wel-
fare that the people should be so duly acquainted
with their "rights " as to be practically qualified to

perform their duties. There is at present a great deal

of talk about many matters, regarding which there is
little real information abroad, and, perhaps, even less
genuine interest. In the calm, deliberate reasoning

of the letter writer above alluded to we find little
fine sentiment, and no clap-trap. The broad princi-
ples of popular justice are the groundwork
of his arguments, and his deductions are,
for the most part, logically exact. We
do not entirely agree with some few of his theories ;
but, as a whole, we cordially commend the volume
for its sound sense and its practical wisdom. Rightly is
the " young Member" reminded that " the question
of questions—the great matter for consideration, both
within and without the walls of Parliament, is the
condition of the mighty mass of the people. Let us,"
writes his judicious friend, " write, speak, vote,
agitate as we may, to this plain proposition we must
come at last—are the myriads of labourers, spinners,
workers in wood, iron, and brass, the pale artisan and
the stalwart ploughman, well fed, well clothed, well
lodged, contented, happy, and attached to their native
soil ? We may sing God save the Queen,' and
Rule Britannia' till we are weary ; we may toast
' the sovereignty, of the people,' and the freedom
of the press,' but our melody and conviviality, our
fervour and declamation, are all vain, empty, and
frivolous, if we forget what is sometimes called the
condition of England,' or, in other words, the wants,'
necessities, and sufferings of our toiling fellow-coun-
trymen." No one can gainsay the truth of the above.
The difficulty, however—the " difficulty" of all
statesmen, as " Ireland " was of Sir ROBERT
PEEL,—is how to afford a satisfactory response to
such inquiries. " Truly," writes Mr. HARLE,
"we have a redundant population. Great Britain
and Ireland swarm like a hive ; but the parallel goes
no further. The bees are abundant, but the honey is
by no means equally proportioned among the myriads
that hum around it." The measures hero advocated
as a means for reforming the evil of the present state
of things, and promoting the welfare of the commu•
nity, are full of practical excellence. The good effects
of free trade are dilated on, and it is admirably and
truthfully shown, that "abundant commerce, which
means abundant employment, is a necessary ingredient
in the comfort and happiness of a dense population
like our own." In order to facilitate which, it is
observed—

" As a general principle, it may safely be assumed,
that the less we interfere with labour, trade, and wages,
in legislation, the better. This is supposing, however,
that the world was composed of sensible economists, and
that Legislatures, fir the first time, were called upon to
consider the mighty topics of labour, trade and wages.
Economical science is of comparatively modern origin;
and finds, I am sorry to say, in the course of its in-
quiries, errors innumerable committed by legislators,
before Adam Smith was born, or any other great autho •
rity had written on the topics which Adam Smith so
admirably matured. In point of fact, you, as a legis-
lator, have now to argue on the best modes which Par-
liament can adopt for leaving labour alone, for un-
shackling trade, and for permitting wages to find the
level which supply and demand naturally assign to them.
Members of Parliament, in old times, legislated on these
matters in profound ignorance; and the difficulty now is,
to rectify and unlearn the monstrous mistakes which
so many bad laws and foolish statutes have taught all
classes of our people.

" With a great demand for commodities, we may
reasonably assume, the workmen engaged in the pro-
duction of those commodities will be in possession of
a tolerable share of the comforts of existence. Hence,
as I have said, i❑ your capacity of legislator you must
encourage trade, and abrogate all statutes which go to
cripple or embarrass it. After you have removed all
restrictions from trade and commerce, and allowed them
to ebb and flow as circumstances determine, you, as a
legislator, have done your duty. You, as a legislator,
cannot create trade or commerce. They are beyond the
reach of Government discipline; and the prudent course
is, to leave them to the skill, energy, and industry of
the capitalists and labourers who are principally con-
cerned. This, at first sight, seems a plain elemental
truth; yet nations, and people without number, at this
moment, are totally unable to perceive its beauty and its
strength."

After having done his part towards increasing the
employment and cheapening the food of the people by
the removal of restrictive laws, the legislator is di-
rected to turn his attention to the hardly less essen-
tial elements of popular well-being and comfort con-
nected with the dwellings of the people. " Our
ancestors," writes the Mentor, " rejoiced in crowded,
dark, narrow, undrained streets, and that they died
there is certain and indisputable ; but how they lived,
or moved, or had their being, is a social problem
which we find it exceedingly troublesome to solve.
Our ancestors were miserably watched, miserably
paved, miserably sewered. One cannot wonder at
the ravages made by sweating-sickness, plague, small-
pox, and so forth. We must remember, however, that
our population increases at the rate of a thousand a
day, and with modern increase of population we have
modern pestilence, like cholera, influenza, and Irish
fever." In dwelling upon this part of the subject,
the injurious effect of the window duties is necessa-
rily brought under consideration, and we are led to
infer that the "Young Member's" vote appeared in
the recent minority. Such subjects as these, which
so closely concern every individual member of the
community, should be calmly and studiously con-
sidered by each and all, and the "Letters" now before
us are thus possessed of an especial value in
our eyes, as containing a popular exposition of
B
a most popular theme. Beautifully is it la-
mented, in allusion to the " marks" in the
register, that " the cross, which for so many centuries
has been the emblem of divine mercy and love, is
now, in instances innumerable, the startling hiero-
glyphic which tells, of early neglect :and mental in-
capacity." In reference to this momentous subject
of education we find the following remarks on a sub-
:ovft
oeenornct
ktitneinogdjonuu,fseso:, just now so deservedly engrossing public at-
tention
tnghge. theraemu
ti° people.vitasl
" Newspapers and periodicals are mighty materials
aid in repealing the penny the'e mlevd palltoaeaxn' Manfully
uful es nl
Yyw. give
va ep please,eur s;, Yd °L remaining
.bbeer.
pdruitaytionigi txadnvderwtizaegn.ts,
Laentd the humany mind go fret •
on paper usef
very education for which we are strugglingrtus'?ll
We may behold, it is true, trash of u t tbhl
e
, and happily,
seess o 3
wieldersnd, vi g o
er of u s
the intellects,
Pen
and asll e'wppe
rrl
astisssi
us to put down an impure, and destroy a corrupt, t ena
dWeperahvaevde
doiffittihlblnfig

* "A Career in the Commons; or, Letters to a Young Member of Parliament on the Conduct and Principles
necessary to constitute him an Enlightened and Effi-
cient Represtatative." 13y William Lockey ilarle.
14911gra4114

Give all thinkers ample room and verge enough,' and
virtue and talent will assert their noble supremacy.
The majority are interested in the propagation of sound
principles. Socialism will not, I believe, extend its
slimy contortions because the penny stamp is repealed.
Property will be more secure if mind cax cheaply commu-
nicate with mind. Religion and morals will not he the
less secure, because my letters to you :can be advertised
without a tax for the use of the state, and because the
paper on which they are printed pays no tribute to
Caesar.'"

With this apposite inquiry we, for the present, take
leave of our judicious friend, commending him, espe-
cially at the present moment, to the attention of those
who concur with, and are assisting to put in practice,
Mr. ROEBUCK'S concluding exordium in his recent
speech on the diffusion of knowledge.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC
We have received the Paris journals of Saturday
and yesterday.
The fete in honour of the proclamation of the
Constitution took place yesterday, and went off ad-
mirably, notwithstanding the efforts of the reactionary
journals to provoke the people to an outbreak, or to
induce them to refrain from attending, so that the
fete might be a failure.
The Assemblee Nationale, of Saturday, published a
long story of a plot concocted by the Socialists for
throwing fulminating balls among the crowd during
the display of the fire-works, with the intention of
creating an emeute. The Nationale advised the
people to abstain from attending the fete. The fete
was, however, very well attended by the bourgeoisie
of Paris, and, to the great disappointment of the re-
actionaries,
4. The people would not rise
In spite of their prayers and their prophecies."
There were no fulminating balls, there was no
emeute, and " all went merry as a marriage bell."
The Boulevards and the streets were crowded by
persons in the best possible humour with themselves
and with every one else. The illuminations were
general and brilliant. The Republican journals were
not published yesterday on account of the fete.
The Patrie says
" The commission formed to examine the mode of re-
vision of the electoral law had another sitting on Satur-
day. It is thought that the Bill, drawn up according to
its views and.decisions, will be presented to the Legis-
lative Assembly to-morrow (Monday). The Govern.
ment will demand urgency, which there is no doubt will
be admitted, and on the following day a committee will
be appointed in the bureaux to make a report on the
measure which is so earnestly desired."
This demand of urgency will not be granted with
the ease with which the Patric would fain induce its
readers to believe that it will be. The Ordre, the organ
of M. ODILON BARED; distinctly announces that that
gentleman and those who usually act with him will
resist this demand for urgency, on the ground that as
there can be no general election for two years, there
can be no reason for demanding urgency on such a
subject. The same journal says—
" The truth, as we have already said, is, that M.
Odilon Barrot and his friends will not throw any ob-
stacle in the way of a wise, efficacious, and necessary
reform of the electoral law, but that neither he nor they
will lend themselves to the overthrow of the constitution
without even knowing what is to be put in its place."
The Duke DE BROGLIE has drawn up the proposed
law, and the expose des motifs explaining its object.
The whole of the Democratic candidates for the
Soane et Loire have been returned by larger majori-
ties than on the 10th March.
Accounts were received last night from most of the
depahments, which state that the fetes in honour of
the proclamation of the Republic had everywhere
passed off with tranquillity.
The votes for the Paris election of the army of
Algiers have been received, and here, as everywhere
else, EGENE SUE has an immense majority. These
votes were taken on the 27th April, and were as fol-
lows :—Eugene Sue, 79 ; Emile de Girardin, 2 ;
Ledru Rollin, 1 ; Fernand Foy, 1. Several of the
regiments were prevented from voting by the autho-
rities, or the numbers polled for Eugene Sue would
have been much greater.
The French Five per Cents. advanced yesterday in
the Passage de l'Opera. After being down to 88f. 30c.
on Friday evening, they opened yesterday at 88f. 40c.,
and, going up to 88f. 75c., closed at 88f. 65c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, Mar 4.
Boulogne and Amiens, 61,i—Central ofFrance (Orleans
and Vierzon), 123/4—East Indian, sj—Ditto, 22,2—Great
Indian Peninsula, 514—Ditto, I—Namur and Liege,
Orleans and Bordeaux, 2N,.

new provisional state, with a governor appointed by
the KING, and the heads of the responsible depart-
ments, as well as a National Assembly, has not been
approved of. The deputation, having suggested
another means of conciliation, have been invited to
make a new proposition.

MOND AY EVENING, MAY 6, 1850.

1849.

Cotton manufactures••
Ditto yarn ••••
Linen manufactures

'Woollen ditto, entered by the

Ditto, by the yard .
Iron, bar and bolt
Ditto, IN rought of all sorts ..

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, TW 0 O'CLOCK.
The Cotton Market at Liverpool on Saturday had an
upward tendency for Brazil and Egyptian and steady for
American at an advance of per lb. The sales were
estimated tit 14,000 bales, of which 1,000 Perham and
Varanharn were taken for export, and 2,000 American,
500 Bahia, 1,000 Egyptian, and 1,000 Surat on specula-
tion. The transactions comprised 7,000 American, 1,500
Pernam arid Maranham at 6.1-3. to 7p., 1,000 Bahia at
6id. to 71d., 2,000 Egyptian at 7d. to Bd., 2,000 Surat
at 4id. to 51d., and 60 Sea Islands at Is. Old. to ls. 6d.
per lb.—Railway Shares were without alteration.
"It is a fact," says the Gloucester Chronicle, " that
should not go unnoticed, that on Saturday last there
was not a single return made to the Gloucester Corn
Inspector of sales effected in this market on that day.
The sales effected were certainly comparatively small, as
may be expected in the present condition of the corn
market, but not one sale was returned as having been
made. We have before dwelt on the deceptive character
of these corn returns, and this is but an additional proof
of their worthlessness, as now made up."
The monthly and quarterly returns of the commerce
and navigation of the United Kingdom are to the sth
ultimo, and we may usefully note some of the items that
will be interesting to business men. The imports are
given as to quantity, and there is no data for arriving at
the total money value, so as to place it in juxta-position
with our exports. Nevertheless, the comparative quan-
tities are in respect to many items a guide to the estima-
tion of results, and we select a few of those that will
"tell" must, though in the aggregate perhaps not se-
verely, upon the national revenue, taking the month and
three month: to April' s:

1850.

Consumption.lmports.
Int clefts. Consumption.
Month. I 3 Months. Month. I 3 Months.
855,948 9,386,255 132,904 7,465,884
'2,949 815,570 32,948 718,951
389.070 803,744 189,276 799,464
516,774 423,749 398,592 445,666
277,101 1,469,672 276,609 1,4:3,054
65 627 313,429 28,079 194,390
9,204,092 12,066,744 1,298,970 12,245,121
783,002 6,976,797 ,412,849 6,995,320
470,264 1,596,329 338,529 1,630,375
ect to the exports of British and Irish pro-
ave probably not so direct an influence upon
,ut in so far as they illustrate the extent of
for the people, are valuable and instructive.
ng items are the most striking:-
1849. 1850.
Three I Three
Month. Months. Month. ; Months.
;tures- •.• 1,813,071 4,442,478 1,843,897 4,910.648
•• • • .• •• • ... 564,26011,389,675 442,899 1,225,390
;ures
entered by the
• •• • • .... 458,815 983,969 516,505 1,193,503
Lrd •... •• •... 174,442 471,954 248,661; 623,523
At .. •• • • 221,820 465,311 282,1371 660,881
of xll sorts .. 152,772 296,096 162,9801 333,940