The Sun.
London, England, 1850-08-22 00:00:00

LITERATURE.
YO USG ITALY. Ey Alexander Bailie
Cochrane,
A brilliant contributor► to the Palian
serving as materials lir the future Sismondi, has
tic en made in this eloquent old picturesque narrative
by the Honourable Gentleman the Member for Brid-
port. From the opening sentence to the conclusion
we have perused the work before us with an extra-
ordinary sense of gratification. For while in several
particulars our opinions are directly at variance with
the political sentiments entertained by the author,
our warmest sympathies are commanded in his
favour by the spirit of gentleness and magnanimity
pervading the entire performance. As a literary
composition the book is one of no ordinary character,
possessing merits in this respect which must inevitably
tend to widen the popularity of Mr. Cochrane,
and materially to raise his reputation. Several of
the episodes introduced into the narrative would re-
flect honour upon the ability cf even our most emi-
nent living rumancist, Sir 13ulwer Lytton, to whom
the volume is very gracefully ded•,catcd, "partly from
the pardonable ambition to have the writer's name,
however bri,fly, tissociated with his imperishable
fame, partly because to his kind suggestions the work
owes whatever slight merit it may possess." These
are the modest expressiuns in which Mr. Cochrane
inscribes his latest effusion to the author of "Rienzi,"
and the circumstance intimated towards the close of
the dedication cannot but invest that effusion with an

be found at pages 116-118, is one of some moment,
and appears to us to be altogether irrefragable.
Another section of the volume, Leaded " The
allount Quirinal," is followed by a description of
" The Feast of the Golden Rose," and this again by
an inquiry into the problem of the "Temporal
and Spiritual Authority of the Pope," in
the course of which Mr. Cochrane says almost
wittily, " the keys of St. Peter have been hitherto
guarded by the sword of St. Paul." A beautiful
tribute is paid by him, soon after, to the munificence
of the ecclesiastical establishments of Catholicism, in
a chapter on " Monte Casino." Howard, the philan-
thropist, might almost be expected to rise from his
ashes with horror, at the description given, further
on, of the prison of Naples. An interview a hich
took place between the writer and the King (which
may be found at page 275), will be read with un•
feigned satisfaction. The last portions of the aork
under consideration are partially composed of frag-
ments, already printed in the columns of our con-
temporary the Times, under the signature of the
person humorously designated by Ur. Cochrane,
" that most able, eloquent, and universally esteemed
gentleman, ' our oan correspondent.'" The most
remarkable portion of the allele book, how•
ever, we have hitherto refrained from men-
tioning, desirous as we were to close our
comments upon " Young Italy" with an earnest en-
comium upon it as on historical composition. It is
the chapter inscribed " The Murder of Rossi," and
depicts in startling colours the whole of that ghastly
tragedy. It affords a noble and touching proof of
the eloquence and humanity of the author, and pre-
sents to the imagination a picture so terrible in its
vividness that it cannot very speedily be obliterated
from the recollection.

additional and £dventitious attraction. Altogether
apart, however, from any such incidental allurement,
the pages of "Young Italy" abound with charms of
their own such as are certain to arrest the attention of

the intelligent, and to secure to the author from the
more discriminating among his readers a very large
amount of earnest and cordial admiration. We speak

thus emphatically because in this volume we recog-
nise the evidences of those noble qualities which we
would ever see acknowledged as the national character-
istics of all true Englishmen. We detect in its reproba-
tion of atrocity, in its homage to misfortune, in its
panegyrics on virtue in ita tender commemorations
of beneficence, that largeness and soundness of heart
which are the first essentials of a chivalrous tem-
perament. We perceive in the very extravagance
with which some of its scornful passages, and some

ANNALS of the PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS.
By Thomas Hamilton. A New Edition.
Anything more than a cursory reference to the
fact of this present republication would be a species of
impertinence to the merit of the work itself and to the
author's wide and brilliant reputation. What is par-
ticularly commendable in the present edition is the
circumstance of its having been carefully revised
and augmented by Frederick Hardman, already well
known as the author of "Peninsular Scenes and
Sketches." In revising and augmenting a history so
popular in its previous form, Mr. Hardman has acted,
to our thinking, under all considerations most judi-
ciously ; not introducing matter in any respect super-
fluous, or erasing passages of any importance or in-
terest whatever. The labour, in fact, which he has
had to accomplish as editor has been nothing less than
the interpolation of illustrative anecdotes and mili-
tary particulars towards the latter portion of the
narrative, the history as originally penned being more
copious in both those particulars at its commence-
ment than towards its conclusion. Besides which it
should be borne in mind that since the first appear-
ance of these "Annals of the Peninsular Campaigns,"
by Mr. Hamilton, now some twenty years bygone,
a variety of works and documents have been penned
or produced, to which its author was denied access
by the premature character of his undertaking ; all
which ',yolks and documents have been scrupulously
consulted and collated by Mr. Hardman, with a view
to perfect as far as possible the task of emendation.
For example., he has had to consult the volumes of
Colonel (now General Sir William) Napier, of Colo-
nel Toreno, of Mr. Alison, and, beyond all others,
Colonel Gurwood's collection of the "Despatches" of
his Grace the Duke of Wellington. Aided by these
remarkable documents, the editor of these annals has
been enabled to improve them very materially both in
respect to the amount of their details and their indivi-
dual correctness. How far Mr. Hardman was quali-
fied to attempt the fulfilment of the duties devolving
upon him in this double toil of revision and aug-
mentation, may be conjectured by those already
acquainted with his literary productions, as well
as from the fact of his having familiarised
himself by personal scrutiny with nearly all
the ground fought over by the British soldiers from
the Ebro to Toulouse. This conjecture of his capa-
city to accomplish all required from him in his newly
assumed office, will be resolved into a conviction
with any one who may take the trouble to compare
Hamilton's Annals of the Peninsula as they were
when orignally printed, and as they are in their pre-
sent form of republication.

also of its generous eulogiums are articulated, the
tokens of an impassioned nature, the testimonies of
an impulsive and emotional disposition. In an age
when most men are assuming an air of ennui or in-
difference, when among the many despicable affec-
tations of fashion the most conspicuous is that of
being blase, our heart leaps up within us at any
manifestation of earnestness such as is here die-
played by Mr. Cochrane in his narrative of the
Italian movement. We welcome his record of that
revolution with the sincerest satisfaction, what
though in some particulars we may differ
from- him in his predilections and prejudices ;
and the warmth of our welcome is attributable to
a respect for his energy in advocating principles as
bold as they are evidently conscientious. " Young
Italy" is a production which does infinite honour to
the heart and brain of Mr. Cochrane, being no less
genial from its liberality and enthusiasm, than from
eclectic taste and ripened scholar ship. It pre-
sents to the imagination of the reader a rapid and
animated panorama of the principal occurrences which
transpired during the late convulsion of the Roman
peninsula. Beginning with a brief, but suggestive
chapter on Cannes, in the course of which the hospi-
tality of Lord Brougham is celebrated under the
pseudonym of Leelius, the narrative, by an agreeable
transition from that existing locality to its dead asso-
ciations, commemorates the glory of the Ist of March,
and so traverses the plains of France until its arrival
in the streets of Paris. Having summoned up from the
recollections of the past some of the many wondrous
phantoms of greatness which rise in the memory at
the mere mention of Napoleon le Grand, the author,
on passing through the ante-chambers of the
Ely see Bourbon to make his respects to the Prince
President, cannot refrain from ejaculating, " Oh,
that Ely:6e l—what a long history it might tell of
broken fortunes, and worse than broken faith. As I
stand in its magnificent reception rooms,crowded with
the interesting memorials of the empire collected
from all parts of Paris, the old curiosity shop of past
glories, gazing upon the nephew of that man whose
name illustrated not France alone, but Europe, be

cause he was the proudest type of human greatness—
observing that nephew installed there in almost regal
splendour, with his pale and earnest countenance, yet
always anxious steps, my heart recals the past and
trembles for the future." A reflection, this, still more
appropriate at this present moment, when the imperial
Prince is traversing the southern departments of the
Republic, at once invested with the shadowy purple of
Napoleon, and preceded by the fasces of Democracy.
Passing across Piedmont, the narrator introduces us
into the midst of Lombardy at the time when the
heroic but unfortunate Charles Albert was
beaten back by the forces of the great
Marshal, and where on the fatal field of
Novara he expiated his dream of Italian inde-
pendence. How disinterested our commendations of
Mr. Cochrane's earnestness are in some particulars
may be guessed when we observe that he labours
under the delusion that the Lombards cherish an af-
fection for the Austrian Government ! " At Novara,"

MAPS ILLUSTRATIVE of the CAMPAIGNS
in the PENINSULA. By Alexander Keith

Johnston.

An excellent series of maps from the hand of Mr.
Johnston, numbering altogether twenty-four, has
been issued in the shape of a companion volume to the
military annals just referred to, as the joint produc-
tion of Messrs Hamilton and Hardman. Already fa-
miliar to us in the splendid atlas illustrating
the later edition of Alison's " Europe," and
consequently already very frequently eulogised in our
columns as engravings worthy of the distinguished
Scottish geographer, it is only necessary for us to
enumerate the maps which have been selected as
representing at a glance the various cities and
localities connected with the Peninsular victories.
After an admirable outline of Spain and Portugal,
come, in their several positions, the lines of Torres
Vedras, the plan of Ciudad Rodrigo, a map of the
ryrenees, a sketch of the attack of the French in-
trenched position on the Nivelle, the Sieges of Serra-
gossa, Gerona, Tarragona, Badajez, Bargos, and San
Sebastian, together with the battles of Medina De
Rio-Seco, Vimeira, Corunna, Talavera, Ocana,
Busaco, Barossa, Albuera, Salamanca, Vittoria, Ba-
yonne, Orthes, and Toulouse. In the limning of
each of these famous spots Mr. Johnston has acquitted
himself more than creditably—every road, elevation,
or watercourse being marked with as scrupulous an
exactitude, as the bodies of infantry, cavalry, and ar-
tillery involved in the different engagements.

says Mr. Cochrane, " Charles Albert was a hero ; it
was the last effort ( f expiring greatness ; he defended
himself single-handed against repeated assaults of
fresh troopers : three horses were shot under him—to
use his own phrase, he sought to die ; it was the su-
pernatural struggle of a man against his destiny."
The following anecdote of the fallen monarch cannot
be perused without emotion ; it recounts an incident
which occurred shortly after his abdication :
" He arrived at Alassis quite worn out with fatigue
and anxiety, where he was driven to the principal hotel;
it is one of those old picturesque palaces, with very
dingy decorations, and bearing iu every article of furni-
ture an impress of fallen grandeur. The man and the
scene were adapted to each other. After passing up the
old time-worn, narrow staircase he entered a great hall,
from which the rooms branched in all directions, where
the first object that struck him was his own portrait,
hanging against the wall ; he was there represented
with all the paraphernalia of royalty; it was taken soon
after his accession, when the people were enthusiastically
attached to him, and the recollection of the past, added
to tt e misery of the present, made him burst into tears.
A slight breakfast was prepared, and he sat down oppo-
site the picture, intently gazing on it ; suddenly he
turned round to the young girl who was waiting on him,
and asked her if she remembered the King when he
passed by in 1835. No,' she answered, ' I was such a
child, but I am quite sure that you are the King!'
How do you know that if you never saw him?' he
asked. She pointed to the picture upon the wall—he
pointed to his own sad, grief-worn face, and said, 'ls it
so like."
As our author very justly observes, this unfortunate
Sovereign was " one of the few men who, without ex-
aggerated phrase, may be said to have died of a
broken heart." Expiring at Oporto crownless, almost
companionless, and in exile, with all the visions of
his ambition dissipated, he left his country the re .
collection of his heroism and his misfortunes, re-
ceiving himself from the grateful Parliament of Turin
the designation of The Magnanimous. Immediately
after his description of the last victory achieved in
Northern Italy by the veteran Radetzky, our
author introduces one of those episodical romances to
which we have already alluded as imparting such a
peculiar fascination to the work under review, and as
evidencing a remarkable improvement in the powers
of Mr. Cochrane as a novelist. " The Madonna of
Genoa" is an exquisite version of the story connected
with the last and the greatest production of Pelegrino
Piola, the celebrated Madonna painted for the com-
pany of Genoese goldsmiths. After this, as if by way
of startling contrast, comes a stern, and inexorable
narrative of the events which marked the rise,
development, reign and downfall of Republicanism
in the Eternal City. This portion of the
volumes, comprised within pages 53-129, affords a
vivid notion of the Roman democracy, and is followed,
as though by way of relief to the reader, by another
romantic story of a painter, entitled "The Two
Artists," those two artists being none other than
Francois Boucher and Joseph Vernet. In analysing
the character of his present Holiness Pope Pius IX.
tt e author has evidently divested himself at the
outset of all partialities and antipathies. To sum up
in a few words his estimate both of Pius IX.

COURT CIRCULAR.
OSBOENE, TUESDAY.

The Right Hon. Sir Francis Baring had the
honour of joining the Royal dinner circle yesterday,
and remained at Osborne last evening, on a visit to
the Queen and the Prince.
The unfavourable state of the weather this fore-
noon prevented her Majesty and Prince Albert from
taking their accustomed early walk. The Royal
children were likewise prevented from taking their
pony and walking exercise in Osborne Park this
morning.

and of Gregory XVI., we might say that he regards
the former as the embodiment of Mediocrity striving
to screen itself by Severity, and the latter as the very
incarnation of Goodness, marred by Weakness of
character. Pius IX., he says, in one of his epigram-
matic sentences, "could deny a favour with a happier
grace than Gregory XVI. could grant one." The
two men are in a manner calotyped by that single
observation. The eve of the memorable outbreak of
the 16th of November is described in befitting terms
of solemnity. Count Rossi had that morning been
assassinated—on the following day the pontifical
palace of the Quirinal was to be bombarded. Mr.
Cochrane, in a tone of awe that is irresistibly pathetic,

exlaims—
" What traveller who stood that night on the place
in front of the mightiest monument ever reared by a
Christian faith, or adorned by man's genius, listening
to the full of the waters as they dash down the sides of
those glorious fountains, and gazing on the statues of
the 11,1 y and mighty men who had died for the cross,
standing forth in the bright blue air as the guardians of
the frith which their lives adorned; who could have be-
lieved that the person of the head of that church, the
expounder of its tenets, that Gud's Vicegerent on earth,
the old man at one time so loved by the people, and so
eloquent in their cause, would in a few snort hours be
driven forth by that same people, from the ancient city, a
proscribed F xile from beneath the shadow cf that church
which St. Peter founded."

(The other passage in this chapter on the Roman
Republic imperatively commands perusal, we mean
the passage in which our author argues the contested
question as to the number of bodies found by the
French troops in the garden of the Convent of St.
Calisto in Transtevere. This argument, which may

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING,

JENNY LIND'S DEPARTURE FOR
AMERICA.
LIVEEPOC)L, WEDNESDAY.—We doubt whether
Jenny Lind, in the whole course of her unparalleled
career, ever met with a manifestation cf public feel-
ing so grand as that which accompanied her depar-
ture this morning for the United States. No sove-
reign, however popular—no conqueror, however re-
nowned—no person in any sense the idol of the
people—could have been attended with more signifi-
cant honours than those which have been accorded to
this gifted artist—honours the more valuable because
so purely and entirely spontaneous.
The bead of the police having officially intimated
that if Mdlle. Lind tcok her departure from the hotel
to the steam. boat at the hour that had been mentioned
in the newspapers, he could not undertake to be
answerable that there might not he some accident, in
cons( quence of the pressure of the crowd, it became
requisite at a late hour on Tuesday night to alter
the previous arrangements, and to keep the new ones
secret. At a quarter to eight in the morning, con-
siderably more than an hour before the time origi-
nally fixed upon, the modest brougham in which
Jenny Lind has traversed this town was drawn up at
the private door of the Adelphi Hotel, and, without
the fact of her departure being known to any but
the few persons who were connected with the ar-
rangement, she was enabled to leave privately and
without eclat. Mr. Benedict accompanied her in
her carriage, and then followed a couple of hired
vehicles, containing M. Belletti (who goes with her
to America), M. Vivier, and a few chosen friends,
who were to accompany her on board. It was amus-
ing to see the precautions taken to preserve the incog-
nito of the object of so much attraction. On arriving
at the pier-head, the party were not able to proceed
at once to the small steam-boat hired to carry them
on board the Atlantic, some mistake having been made
in the orders. Thus Mdlle. Lind was obliged to wait
for a few minutes, during which time the rumour of
her presence spread, and she could not be protected,
even by the police, from the vulgar gaze of a crowd of
persons who surrounded her till she bad scarcely
breathing space, and whose rudeness found but a poor
excuse in their natural curiosity. At length the tug-
boat was brought alongside, and Mdlle. Lind and
her friends soon arrived under the lea of the mammoth
steamer which was to bear her to the United States.
The fair voyager seemed in excellent spirits. Mean-
while, the good people of Liverpool, who had been led
to believe that she would not go on board until half-
past 9 or 10 at least, had been slowly but steadily assem-
bling in crowds, to catch a glimpse of her as she em-
barked. Some were waiting at the Adelphi, others at
good points of view on the way, others on the piers
and lining the shores of the Mersey, while many,
thousands (we do not exaggerate) crowded the innu-
merable steamers and other craft that were lying
about in the river. But she had given them all "the
slip," and was safe on the deck of the steamer, bid-
ding adieu to her friends, and striving by ber own
exuberance of high spirits to keep up those of her
future compagnons de voyage. At about ten o'clock
a gun from the Atlantic announced that the magnifi-
cent steam-ship was under weigh ; and then, as she
steamed slowly past the town of Liverpool, bearing
nearer the town than to the Cheshire side, one of the
most splendid ovations ever offered to any public per.
son ensued. Salutes were fired from either side oi

the river, which were returned from the bows of the
Atlantic; the broad bosom of the Mersey was crowded
with craft, all bearing their human freight. The
shores were lined with people, and the shouts of
these masses of congregated human beings were
deafening. As the enormous steamer majestically
made her way towards the mouth of the river,
surrounded and followed to an immense distance by
river steamers and small craft, through the lines of
people who were massed on the shore, the whole
formed an aquatic triumphal procession for which we
remember no parallel, except the grand scene in
Portsmouth Harbour on the arrival of Louis Philippe
on his visit to our Queen. As for Jenny Lind, who
had lung before taken affectionate leave of the friends
who had accompanied her from the shore, she was to
be seen standing by the side of the captain on the
paddle box, her petite but graceful form clearly dis-
cernible as she waved her handkerchief in answer to
the enthusiastic cheers of the assembled thousands.
Surely such a tribute was never yet paid to an artist
in this country.
A silver tea-kettle and two silver candlesticks were
presented yesterday to Jenny Lind, on behalf of the
Southern Hospital—one wing of which is an archi
tectural emanation from her charming vocal organ,
gratuitously exercised. Mr. Benedict, besides the
testimonial we have already mentioned, was also pre-
sented with a snuff-box by the committee of the Phil-
harmonic Society.
Oa Monday night, between the parts of " The
Messiah," an address was presented, in the " green-
room," to Mdlle. Lind, which we subjoin :
To Mdlle. Jenny Lind,—The committee of the Li-
verpool Philharmonic Society cannot allow Mdlle. Jenny
Lind to take her (they trust) temporary departure frcm
a country where her talents have excited so enthusiastic
a sensation, and th© kindness < f her heart has left so
deep an impression, without assuring her of their best
wistes for her health and prosperity during her sojourn
in a di:WA land.

" Disappointed as they were that circumstances de-
prived them of her powerful assistance at the opening of
their Hall, they feel much gratified that it has at length
been graced by her presence,
• and they cannot but
think that it will be an agreeable reminiscence to
Mdlle. Lind, while floating on the Atlantic, to reflect
that her last notes in Europe vibrated in a Hall admitted
to be as yet unequalled in its beauty and in its general
arrangements, and that her last exertions have been in
behalf of a society unique in its composition and disin-
terested in its objects—a society composed solely Of
lovers of music, who have incurred much pecuniary sa•
crifice, and considerable future responsibility, without
the least idea of profit, but with the sole design, of pro-
moting their favourite science, and cultivating the
highest class of musical composition.
The committee, with their best thanks to Mdlle.
Lind for her kindness on the present occasion, beg to
assure her that they feel the warmest interest in her
which they are certain will be as
been in every country she has as
take their leave of her with the
3p,er progress
triumphantess
visited,i n
andAaam eit rhhi
eca)as.,
hope that, as they have had the pain of witnessing her
departure, so she will give them the pleasure of being the
first to welcome her return to England—a country where
she is so highly honoured and esteemed.
(Signed) " JOHN HAYWARD TURNER, Chairman.
JOHN B. BRANCHER, Vice-Chairmau.
WILLIAM SUDLOW, Hon. Sec.
" Liverpool, August 19, 1850."
This address, it will be seen, would have been in
better taste if there had been less glorification by the
committee of themselves, their society, and their Hall.
It was beautifully written in the usual style, and be-
sides having emblazoned upon it the arms of Liver-
pool, it bore also upon it those of Sweden.

THE BRAZILS.
the arrival of the
swLoirvdafiaszoLptAaiUnG.Gr2ele.n—Jry-oni
Pernambuco, we
later than those last received.
have received advices to the 24th of July-14 days
Sugar—Business has been on a very small scale
and receipts trifling, owing to the season being wet
and wretched roads. Our nearly nominal quotations
are 1 milrei 800 reis to 2 milreis 400 reis for inferior
sugar
ou
gecru middling
a:2lts . o
51d6q: u. t quality 13i1d.
tty 3 . white, which, at 27/d. exchange,
is .
per 2 d per cwt. ; muscovado
cwt.
Exchange—The scarcity of money and favourable
advices for cotton have caused an advance in our rate
instead of a decline, which usually takes place at this
dull season of the year. During the week a large
business has been done at 27d. to 27id. ; but to-day
small sums have been passed at 27icl. for ready cash.
Cotton—Our receipts this week have been 343
bags, making 1,420 since the Ist inst. In conse-
quence of high prices, and the advance in our ex-
change, this staple has been less in demand, and re-
gular first quality is now offered at 6 dolls. 900 ex
commission and freight.
Hides and rum continue as before, and we have no
has engaged a
imr,orretiagnhttst—ranTshaectEionngsltisohreshpioprtß Bonita report.
cargo
port,oo a
of Cotton
9.. d. ; and the
ttonii6n M aceio,atfili the Hugh, in the
same ma,
in Paraiba, at
will take about 500 bags.
d.—all for Liverpool. They

NARROW &CAPE FROM DROWNING or Ma.
CHARLES BARRY BALDWIN, M.P.—The above gentleman
on'Tuesday proceeded by the Gem steamer, for the purpose
of passing a few days with a friend at Purfleet, from Which
place a boat was hailed to take him off in the middle of the
river, when, stepping into the boat, he lost his balance and
fell backwards, and the tide being very strong he was car-
ried down a great distance, and was obliged to swim nearly
half a mile before he could reach the boat, as the boatman
most incautiously threw out one of his oars to assist him, and
thereby rendered himself incapable of directing the boat ;
but fortunately Mr. Barry Baldwin, being a good swimmer,
by great good luck came up to the boat in a most exhausted
state, and was providentially saved. He was taken to the
boatman's house, where he was provided with a change of
clothes, ai.d afterwards joined his Mende. The means for
his recovery were successfully used, and he has felt little or
no ill effects from the untoward accident.
GRAVESEND, THURSDAY MORNING.---THE MAGIS-
TRATES AND THE POOR.— A grand ball and concert was ad-
vertised to be given on the Terrace-pier on Friday evening,
itihaern whole 'hooflethofethnelapgrisotcreaetdess,oftowbheichby them distributed amongwere to
.be placed in the
the poor people who have lost their property by the late fire.
A committee of gentlemen had been formed, and numerous
subscriptions made among the visitors to the town, in order
to enlarge the sum expected to be realised, but owing to the
interference.of some of the religious magistrates, a placard was
circulated this morning announcing that the proposed ball
would not take place, in consequence of the. great opposition
of the magistrates, one of the gentlemen going the length of
openly asserting, at a meeting held at the Town. hall, " that
money obtained from such a source could not possibly benefit
the poor." We trust that as the magistrates of Gravesend
are actuated by such pure and charitable feelings, they will
practice what they preach, and take care the poor people
are not losers by their Christian proceedings.—From a Corre-
spondent.
The Dean and Chapter of Canterbury have pre-
sented the Rev. T. W. Goldhawk, M A., curate of St. Mary.
lebone Church, London, to the vicarage of Shelwick, Kent'
rendered vacant by the cession of the Key. S. J. Lyon.

AUG UST 22, 1850.

SHIP CANAL BETWEEN TIIE
ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS.
Convention between her Majesty and the United
States of Amtrica, relative to the Establishment of
a Communication by Ship Canal between the At
lantic and Pacific Oceans. Signed at Washington,
April 19, 1850. Ratifications exchanged at Wash-
ington, July 4, 1850.
Her Britannic Majesty and the United States of
America being desirous of consolidating the relations
of amity which so happily subsist between them, by
setting forth and fixing in a convention their views
and intentions with reference to any means of com-
munication by ship canal, which may be constructed
between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, by the way
of the River St. Juan de Nicaragua, and either or
both of the lakes of Nicaragua or Managua, to any
port or place on the Pacific Ocean.
Her Britannic 111:,j,sty has cor,ferred full powers
on the Right lion. Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, a
member of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy
Council, Knight Commander of the Most honourable
Order of the Bath, and Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of her Britannic Majesty to
the United States ; and the President of the United
States, on J. M. Clayton, Secretary of State of the
United States, for the aforesaid purpose ; and the
said plenipotentiaries having exchanged their full
powers, which were found to be in proper form, have
agreed to the following articles :
Art. 1. The Governments of Great Britain and the
United States hereby declare that neither the one nor
the other will ever obtain or maintain for itself any
exclusive control over the said ship canal; agreeing
that neither will ever erect or maintain any fortifica-
tions commanding the same, or in the vicinity thereof,
or occupy, or fortify, or colonise, or assume, or exer-
cise any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the
Mosquito Coast, or any part of Central America ;
nor will either make use of any protection which
either affords, or may afford, or any alliance, which
either has, or may have, to or with any state or
people, for the purpose of erecting or maintaining any
such fortifications, or of occupying, fortifying, or
colonising Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito
Coast, or any part of Central America, or of assum-
ing or exercising dominion over the same. Nor will
Great Britain or the United States take advantage of
any intimacy, or use any alliance, connexion, or in-
fluence that either may possess with any state or
Government through whose territory the said canal
may pass, for the purpose of acquiring or holding,
directly or indirectly, for the subjects Qr citizens of
the one, any rights or advantages in regard to com-
merce or navigation through the said canal, which
shall not be offered, on the same terms, to the sub-
jects or citizens of the other.
Art. 2. Vessels of Great Britain or the United
States traversing the said canal shall, in case of war
between the contracting parties, be exempted from
blockade, detention, or capture by either of the belli-
gerents ; and this provision shall extend to such a
distance from the two ends of the said canal as may
hereafter be found expedient to establish.
Art. 3. In order to secure the construction of the
said canal, the contracting parties engage that if any
such canal shall be undertaken upon fair and equit-
able terms by any parties having the authority of the
Local Government or Governments through whose
territory the same may pass, then the persons em-
ployed in making the said canal, and their property
used or to be used for that object, shall be protected,
from the commencement of the said canal to its com-
pletion, by the Governments of Great Britain and the
United States, from unjust detention, confiscation,
seizure, or any violence whatsoever.
Art. 4. The contracting parties will use whatever
influence they respectively exercise with any state,
states, or governments possessing, or claiming to pos-
sess, any jurisdiction or right over the territory which
the said canal shall traverse, or which shall be near
the waters applicable thereto, in order to induce such
states or governments to facilitate the construction of
the said canal by every means in their power; and,
furthermore, Great Britain and the United States
agree to use their good offices, wherever or however
it may be most expedient, in order to procure the es-
tablishment of two free ports, one at each end of the
said canal.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
YORK RACES.—TriESPAN
The arrivals this evening were chiefly from the south,
and were so Isle, owing to nearly all the trains, including
the " special," (in consequence of the breaking down of
an engine) being considerably behind time, that scarcely
any business was transacted at the subscription rooms in
the square. The only tr.nsactions were on the Ebor,
for which Collingweod was backed freely at 9 to 2 and
5 to 1, and Echo for small sums at 6 and 7 to 1; 7 to 2
was offered en the field, 9 to 1 agst Mails Tapley, and
12 to 1 agst any other. It was generally understood that
Cam zou would not start.
WEDNESDAY.
The Dundas Stakes of 15 soya. each, 10 ft, with 50 added,
for three yrs old, 7st; four, B't 31b; five, Bst 91b; six
and aged, Bst 121 b; mares and geldings allowed 31b.
One mile and a quarter. (4 Subs.)
Mr. Rolt's Collingwood, aged, Bst 12lb (Fiatman) 1
Lord Zell/lutes Radulphus, aged, 8 t 91b (J. :Matson) 2
Betting-6 to lon Coiling% ood. Won by a length.
Rnn in 2 min. 29 secs.
The Yorkshire Oaks cf 15 sous. each, 5 ft, with 100
added, for three yrs old fillies, B.t 71b each; winners
extra; the second to recci',e 40 sous., and the third to
save her stake; the winner to pay 10 soya. towards
expenses. Oue mile and a quarter. (49 Subs.)
Mr. Shelley's Britonia, Bst 71b (F. Butler) 1
Mr. Wadlow's Harriott, Bst 71b ('% hitehouse) 2
Sir J. Hawley's Tiff, Bst 71b (Ternplcman) 3
Mr. Humphries's Sis to Swallow, 84 71b (Fla' man) 4
Mr. G. Osboine's Achyranthes, Bst 71h (G. Ahdale) 5
Mr. Pedley na Lady Speedy, Bst 71b (Duflo) 0
Betting-5 to 2 each agst Tiff and Hsrriott, and 4
1 etch agst Achyranthes and Britunia. Won by a
length; Tiff a bad third. Lady Speedy did not pass the
chair. Run in 2 min. 24 secs.
Produce Stakes of 100 sour. each, fur three yrs old;
colts, Bst 71b; fillies, Bst 21b. One mile.
Mr. Meiklana's The Italian, Bst 71b (Tenat,lernan) I
Mr. Jaques's Dauphin, Bst 71b (Flatman) 2
Betting-4 and stol on Italian. Won in a canter by
three lengths. Run in 1 min. 54 secs.
Her Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas, for three yrs old,
7st 910; four, Bst 121 b; five, 94 41b; six, 9st 71b; and
aged, 9st 91b. Two miles.
Lord Stanley's Uriel, 4 yrs (F. Butler) 1
Mr. llawsou's Priestess, 4 yrs (Lye) 2
Mr. Pedley's Prior of Lanercost, 3 yrs (lluflo) 3
Captain Ilaworth's Baroness, 4 yrs (IloImes) 4
Mr. Bacon's Cockermouth, 5 yrs (Waketield) 0
Mr. Hesseltine's Andalusian, 4 yrs (Longstaff) 0
Mr. Bolt's Eagle's Plume, 5 yrs .(Flatman) 0
Mr. Robson's The Sweep, 3 yrs ...( Wakefield, jun.) 0
Betting-7 to 4 agst Priestess, and 2to 1 agst Uriel.
Won easily by two lengths; Prior of Lanercost a bad
third. Run in 3 min. 37 secs.
The Colt Sapling Stakes of 50 sore. each, 30 ft, for two
yrs old, Bst 71b each. One mile. (3 Subs.)
Mr. Wentworth's Azeth (J. Masson) 1
Mr. Oliver's Dancing Jack (Flatman) 2
13etting-4 to 1 on Azeth, why won iu a canter by
six lengths. Run in 1 mut. 55 secs.
The Prince of Wales' Stakes of 10 soya. each, and 50
added, for two yrs old colts, Bst 71b; and fillies, Bst 21b;
winners 21b extra. T.Y.C. (28 Subs.)
Mr. Harrison's Trickstress (F. Butler) 1
Mr. H. Hill's Holt-ape (A. Day) 2
Mr. G. Barton's Madame Wharton (J. Matson) 3
Mr. Allen's Nicotitsna (G. Arran) 0
Lord Glasgow's cby Retriever or Emilius (Holmes) 0
Mr. Ewbank's England's Glory (Wintringham) 0
Mr. J. Wilson's Queen Bee (Marlow) 0
Betting—Even on England's Glory, 4 to 1 agst Trick-
stress, and 5 to 1 agst Queen Bee. Won by a length;
two lengths between second and third. Run in 1 min

4 secs.
The Ebor St. Leger of 25 sovs. each, and 100 added.
Two miles. (17 Subs.)
Lord Enfield's William the Conqueror . 1
Mr. Dawson 's Mark Tapley
Major Yerburgh's Pilgrim
Won by a head.
Match, 50/. llalf a mile.
Lord Cardrosh's Scarborough ... walked over
The Knaveseaire Stakes of 20 sovs. each, h f:, &c. Two
miles. (5 §ubs.)
Mr. Meiklam's Roby walked over
BETTING ON THE EBOR HANDICAP.
4 to 1 agst Collingwood
5 to 1 agst Cantab
5 to 1 ugst Elcho
8 to 1 agst Champion
9 to 1 agst Mark Tapley
14 to 1 agst Clothworker
LATEST BETTING AT YORK.
(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
EBOlt HANDICAP.
4 to 1 agst Collingwood
9 to 2 agst Mark Tapley
5 to 1 agst Eleho
6 to 1 agst Cantab
8 to 1 agst Champion
GREAT YARMOUTH RACES.—TUESDAY.
The Vauxhall Stakes of 5 soya. each, and 25 added,
one mile, were won cleverly in three heats, by Mr. Ste-
phenson's Dromedary cult, 3 yrs (Thoroughgood), beat-
ing Mr. Daley's Cayenne, 4 yrs; Mr. Gurney's Bull-
finch, 3 yrs; and Mr. Stovin's Whitatone, 5 yrs.
The Norfolk and Suffolk Stakes of 20 sovs. each, 10 ft,
and 5 only if declared, with 100 added. One mile and
a half. (13 Subs.)
Lord John Scott's Defaulter, 5 yrs, 7st 81b (walked over)
The Tradesmen's Two yrs old Stakes of 10 soya. each,
and 50 added. Colts, Bst 71b; and fillies Bst 41b.
About three-quarters of a mile. (8 Subs.)
Mr. Stevens's Britennica
Lord Stradbroke's f by Alpheus
Mr. Higgins's Theseus
Mr. R. Westley's The Lioness
Mr. Delamere's Curl
Mr. Wilson's bc by Buzzard, out of Phringari .
Won easily by four lengths. 'Theseus a good third.
The Borough Members' Plate of 50/. HeatF. One mire
and a half.
Mr. Stephenson's Goodwood (Thoronghgood) 4 1 1
Mr. Harvey's Dover, 5 yrs
Mr. Clarke 's May-Day, 4 yrs 2 3 dr
Mr. Dorrien's Verderer, 3 yrs
Mr. Able's Anchor of Hope, 5 yrs 5 dr
Won in a canter. The winner claimed for 501.
The Theatre Stakes of 3 soya. each, and 20 added,
once round, four subscribers, were wou easily by Present,
beating Paul Jones and Daddy Longlegs.

Art. 5. The contracting parties further engage
that when the said canal shall have been completed
they will protect it from interruption, seizure, or un-
just confiscation, and that they Rill guarantee the
neutrality thereof, so that the said canal may for ever
be open and free, and the capital invested therein se-
cure. Nevertheless, the Governments of Great
Britain and the United States, in according their pro-
tection to the construction of the said canal, and
guaranteeing its neutrality and security when com-
pleted, always understand that this protection and
guarantee are granted conditionally, and may be
withdrawn by both Governments, or either '.3rovern-
ment, if both Governments or either Government
should deem that the persons or company undertaking
or managing the same adopt or establish such regula-
tions concerning the traffic thereupon, as are contrary
to the spirit and intention of this convention ; either
by making unfair discriminations in favour of the
commerce of one of the contracting parties over the
commerce of the other, or by opposing oppressive ex-
actions or unreasonable tolls upon passengers, vessels,
goods, wares, merchandise, or other articles. Nei-
ther party, however, shall withdraw the aforesaid pro-
tection and guarantee without first giving six
months' notice to the other.

Art. 6. The contracting parties in this convention
engage to invite every state with which both or
either have friendly intercourse, to enter into stipu-
lations with them similar to those which they have
entered into with each other, to the end that all other
states may share in the honour and advantage of
having contributed to a work of such general inte-
rest and importance as the canal herein contemplated;
and the contracting parties likewise agree that each
shall enter into treaty stipulations with such of the
Central American states as they may deem advisable,
for the purpose of more effectually carrying out the
great design of this convention—namely, that of con-
structing and maintaining the said canal as a ship
communication between the two oceans for the bene-
fit of mankind, on equal terms to all, and of protect-
ing the same ; and they also agree that the good
offices of either shall be employed when requested by
the other, in aiding and assisting the negotiation of
such treaty stipulations; and should any differences
arise as to right or property over the territory
through which the said canal shall pass, between the
states or governments of Central America, and such
differences should in any way impede or obstruct the
execution of the said canal, the Governments of Great
Britain and the United States will use their good
offices to settle such differences in the manner best
suited to promote the interests of the said canal, and
to strengthen the bonds of friendship and alliance
which exist between the contracting parties.
Art. 7. It being desirable that no time should be
unnecessarily lost in commencing and constructing
the said canal, the Governments of Great Britain and
the United States determine to give their support and
encouragement to such persons or company as may
first offer to commence the same, with the necessary
capital, the consent of the local authorities, and on
such principles as accord with the spirit and intention
of this convention ; and if any persons or company
should already have, with any state through which
the proposed ship canal may pass, a contract for the
construction of such a canal as that specified in this
convention, to the stipulations of which contract
neither of the contracting parties in this convention
have any just cause to object, and the said persons or
company shall, moreover, have made preparations and
expended time, money, and trouble, on the faith of
such contract, it is hereby agreed that such persons
or company shall have a priority of claim over every
other person, persons, or company, to the protection
of the Governments of Great Britain and the United
States, and be allowed a year, from the date of the
exchange of the ratifications of this convention, for
concluding their arrangements, and presenting evi-
dence of sufficient capital subscribed to accom-
plish the contemplated undertaking ; it being
understood that if, at the expiration of the
aforesaid period, such persons or company
be not able to commence and carry out the
proposed enterprise, then the Governments of Great
Britain and the United States shall be free to afford
their protection to any other persons or company that
shall be prepared to commence and proceed with the
e
T h Governmentsnotonly
yGreat
rße
dr tiani ne
nand
rthe
intoing
tins convention, to accomplish a particular ob•
ject, but also to establish a general principle, they
hereby agree to extend their protection by treaty
stipulations to any other practicable communications,
whether by canal or railway, across the isthmus which
connects North and South America ; and especially
to the inter-oceanic communications, should the same
prove to be practicable,
whether by canal or railway,
which are now proposed to be established by the way
of Tehuantepec or Panama. In granting, however,
their joint protection to any such canals or railways
as are by this article specified, it is always under-
stood by Great Britain and the United States that the
parties constructing or owning the same shall impose
no other charges or conditions of traffic thereupon
than the aforesaid Governments shall approve of as
just and equitable; and that the same canals or rail-
ways, being open to the subjects and citizens of Great
Britain and the United Stares on equal terms, shall
also be open on like terms to the subjects arid citizens
of every other state which is willing to grant thereto
such protection as Great Britain and the United
States engage to afford.
Art. 9. The ratification of this convention shall
be exchanged at Washington within six months
from this day, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof
we, the respective plenipotentiaries,
have signrd this
convention, and have hereunto affixed our seals.
Dune at Washington, the 19th day of April, anno
Domini 1850. (Signed)
HENRY LYTTON BULWER (L.S.)
JOHN M. CLAYTON (LS.)