The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-20 00:00:00

NO R 205 1850.
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N0.1.181146.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY igr4,l ITE-MBE

MUT UAL 'ASSURANCE

SCaTTISH' WIDOWS' FUND LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY.

Founded A.D. 1815. "
Constituted by Act of Parliament.
This Society has an actually invested Capital of

TWO MI ILIONS • TWO HUND MED AND FOtht THOUSAND
; POUNDS,
. • • .

arising sol sly flom theaccumulation of the premiums, and which is

the exclusive property of its members,

Agreeat oiy to the Articles Of COnsEtutioki, an investigation into the
affairs of the Society takes place every seven years, when the surplus
profits are allocated.as follows :
Two-1 2firds thereof are divided among the members of the So-
. ciet y ; and
One-t' bird is retained as-a Guarantee Fund, till the succeeding
pert od of investigation.
,Thus, at: Ist January, 1816 (the period of last investigation), after
setting asi Ce a stun saffieleat to meet the obligations of the Society,
there remel ined a surplus of profit of i £614,422 1 6
One-third .o f which was reserved as a Guarantee Fund 204,07 7 2

And there r emained to.be divided among the MembersZ4o9,6l4 14 4
which sum: enabled the Directors to declare an addition of 14 per
cent. for the preceding seven years,.. upoq all Assurances, TM well as
upon previously declared additions,- which, in the case of Policies
opened in a ny year from 1815 to 1819 inclusive, was equal to an ad-
dition of up wards of 22 per cent., or ppwards of three per cent. per
annum on the original sum assured.
;And als.3, to provide for the payment of a farther addition, at the
rate of 2 per cent. per annum On the original sums assured, and
vested ad, kitlons secured under all' polices which' should emerge be-
fore then eat period of investigation, which was equal to upwards of
3% per cf eat. per annum on the original sums assured alone.
It wiiil 12aus he seen that the members of this Society have the
advantage, of a large Capital, of which they are the sole proprietors,
aid from Which they derive the • whole benefit, without any deduc-
tion being) made for the payment of dividends to Shareholders.
The foil owing will exemplify the effect of th 3 additions already
declared lb this Society's Policies : •
POLICY" for £5OO.

Vested , Amount payable, in •the event of death
Date wh en Additions after payment of the Premium due in
Policy eras as at any of the following Years:—
opened. Ist January, r--------,, ---%
1846 1850 1851 1852
t
£ s. d. £ a. d. £ s. cf. £ a. d,
1815 to 1819 004 14 a• 995 3 8 1013 5 7 1031 7 5
1825 718 • 0 7 789 16 7 804 310 818 11 0
" 1835 615 12 0 677' 3 2 689 9 5 701 15 8
1845 . .. 561 0 0 571 4 0 581 8 0

The amount of Assurances effected during the laSt twelve years on
an averse exceeds Half a Million sterling per annum.

" Proiraiiiy a larger average than has yet been attained by almost
any other otnce, and Bich as affords the true test by which to prove
the estim taloa in which it is held by the public."

N.B. No member is entitled to participate in the profits of the
Society unless We Policy be of Ave years's standing. ,
The books of the Society close for the current year on 31st De-
cember, and Policies effected before that time have the advantage of
a fall year's standing over those delayed beyond it.
Head Office, Edinburgh, 5, St: Andrew-square.
. ' JOHN MACKENZIE, Manager.
!LOND DN OFFICE, 8, Boyal Exchange-buildings.
HUGH WKEAN, Agent.

PO CONSUMERS OF MALT LIQUORS.
JICNNER, WICHING, and JENNER'S unrivalled ALES,
STOUT and PORTER, lireVred for the express use of i‘rivate fami-
114s, may be obtained in casks of 4M, 9, IS, and 36 gallons, delivered
by their own drays within four miles of the brewery, at the follow-
ing prices, for cash :—No. 1 Ale, 20d.; No. 2,16 d. ; No. 3,12 d. Su-
perior Porter, 12d.; Imperial Stoat, at 16d. ; and India Bitter Ale,
10,1. per gallon. Table Beer, ss. per 9 gallonS.
South London Brewery, Southwark-bridge-road. -

ARGY.LL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL-
STREET, ST. JAMES'S.
Licensed pursuant to Act of Parliament of the 25th of King George
the Second, cap. 36.
(Sole Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.)
LAURENT'S SOIREES MUSICALES AND DANSANTES.
Open every Evening, with his CELEBRATED and POPULAR
BAND, acknowledged by the nobility and patrons of music to stand
UNRIVALLED and SECOND to NONE.
Principal C ornet-a-Pistons. M. Boulcourt, from Paris, whose in-
imitable performance is nightly received with rapturous plaudits and
universal admiration.
Admission, One Shilling.
Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock—Dancing to commence at
Nine and terminate at Half-past Eleven precisely.
N.B. Due notice will be given of the First Series or Concerts that
will take place at the above Rooms.

GRAND SALON DE DANSE,
ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY, STRAND.
OPEN FOR THE SEASON.
Lessee—Mr. Thomas Bartlett Simpson, Albion Tavern, Great
• Russell-street, Covent-garden.
Mr. SIMPSON, anxious to have the best Band in London, has re-
tained the valuable talent of the leading Artists engaged during the
past season at Cremorne Gardens, including the most eminent
Performers from her Majesty's Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera,
and the Philharmonic Concerts.
BORINI'S BAND.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT.
ammising Selections from the most celebrated Composers, and
Solos by first-rate Artists.
Overture, " The Bronz3 Horse" • • • • • • Auber.
Alpine Song, Miss Clara Stuart, " Lovely is My distant home," F.
Krebs.
Solo (Oboe) Mr. J. Schott.
Song, Miss Clara Stuart, " I'll be no submissive wife, no, not I."
Comic Songs by R. ()linden.
Selection from Donizetti's " L'Elisiro d'Amore."
REPERTOIRE OF MUSIQUE DE DANSE.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 20. ,
I. Polka • . Isabelle • • . • .. D'Albert
2. Q,,adrille• . Val d'Andorre (Ist set).. • • Musard
3. Waltz •. Hommage a Strauss Borini
4. Polka • Souvenir de l'Hyppodrome Fessy
5. Quadrille.. All Nations .. . Borini
6. Schottische, The Gem . • .. .. Seabrook
7. Polka .. Alice .. • • • . .. J. Strauss
8. Quadrille • • Le Roi d'Yvetot • . • • .. BOSIEIO
9. Waltz • - Labyrinthe • • • • Lanner
10. Polka • . Caledonian ......Borini
11. Quadrille.. Irish Donnybrook • • .. O'Brien
12. schottische,. Abeam •• • .. Quinton
13. Polka • . Charlotten • • .. •• Labitzky
14. Waltz .. Souvenir du Rhin .. • • J. Strauss
15. Galop .. Post Horn•• • • .. ••Rcenig
To the votaries of Terpsichore remarks on the excellence of
Bortni's Band, after the experience of its Orchestral Triumphs at
Cremorne, imuld be superfluous.
Solos and Concerted Pieces will be performed during the evening.
alorini's Latest Compositions—The Adelaide Polka, Waltzes to
various popular Irish Melodies, Galop d'lndustrie, New Quadrille of
all Nations.
The Grand Salon, Refreshment, and Ante-rooms have undergone
considerable alterations and improvements.
Doors open at Half-past Seven o'clock. Admission One Shilling.

CHARACTERISTICS of L. HYAM and CO. '
Att die nunserous,and vast ESTABLISHMENTS of L. HYAM
and CO., Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, and Wholesale Dealers, the
iniariable practice is to PURCHASE the RAW MATERIALS from
the first manufacturers, and Urns save to Gentlemen and Heads of
Families who patromise them, all intermediate profits, viz. :-
Ist Profit 1 arising from manufacturers buying articles in the raw
state.
2d. Profit I 1 arising from merchants purchasing from manufac-
turers.
3d. Profit 11! arising from London or Wholesale Houses buying
from merchants
4th Profit 1! ! arising from small retalers having to purchase
from wholesale houses.
Pith Profit 1 !! !:1 arising from small tradesmen's exorbitant charges
to the consumer..
In the Ordered. Department the newest and most superior style of
every Garment today be obtained, first-rate talent being employed fa
the execution of all orders.
In the Department of Clothing for immediate wear will be found
the meat varied Stock in the world. Over Coats, peculiarly adapted
for travellin, and equestrianism.
Dress, Surtout, and Riding Coats; Walking and Business Jackets,
Waistcoats, Trows trs, servants' Top Coats, Pages' Suits, and Wait-
ing Jackets, enabling the Proprietors (at the ehorte•t possible notice)
to execute all orders for home or foreign consumption.
Private Rooms aro set apart for trying on Children's Clothing, so
that parents and. guardians can at once select the most becoming at-
tire, and likewis ensure a correct and beautiful fit.
L. HYAM at CO. beg distinctly to state that Goods made by
them can only be obtained at their places of business, 36, Grace-
church-street, and 86, Oxford-street, and at their various Establish-
ments in the foil )wing towns :—Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool
Leeds, Glasgow,,llull, Dublin, Bristol, and Exeter.

ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
DTNR. IDjAME MATURT EIIITY.—YrITII 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON
STEEL.
Just published, :It d may be had in. French or English, in a Scaled
Envelope, 3s. 6d., or post-free, from the Author, for forty-two
Stamps,
GI ELF-PRESERVATION; a
Medical ' freatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Ind mettles and Disorders of Youth and Maturity,
asually acquire 3 at an early period of life, which debilitate
the physical and :mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural
t'eeLings, and ex'ar.ust the vital energies of Manhood; with Practical
Observations on the Treatment of Nervous Debility and Indigestion,
whether arising from these causes, close study, or the influence of
tropical climates; Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from Indis-
cretion. With Forty coloured Engravings, illustrating the
Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their structures, uses, and functions, and the various
injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
Infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D..
37. BBDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate. of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This work contains an accurate and complete account of the
Anatomy and physiology of the Reproductive Organs. It un-
fortunately hap pens that the unhappy victim of excessive indul-
gence and 'rides: s habits, while suffering from their invariable con-
sequences, unwisely entertains a fear of applying to a qualified physi-
cian for relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but erro-
neously entertained that these complaints are beyond the reach of
art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking for assistance where
alone it can be prc'cured. Dr. LA'MERT has taken the highest
medical honours, as his diplomas testify, and the great extent of his
guarantee for his professional experi-
ence,pic
actwelath mhaasnyre3f.eeraernscioa a
almost solely to the treatment of these
diseases.
Published by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert,
49, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Tichborne-
street, Haymarket; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street, London ; or, free by post for forty-two atamps, from
the Author's Resblenee. 37. Bedford-square London.

DR. C CTLVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho•
147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39,
shill;Co or direct from the author,
price One Shilling each ; by post, I.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
Corrxrcrs:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at Dom
—Masio—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air:
gest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.
11.
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vole.
Vol I
A VISIT TO THE LAKES; SKETCH,OF EDINBURGH, &e.
Vol. 11.
TAB LAKES OF KILL AR NEY ; REMINISCENCES OF
111.
DUBLIN, &c.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
"That three score years and ten our course may ran."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical toga-
ation of every-day life.

Iv.
VIE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
hirnsnscr : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
ofthe passions. Chastity and its infringements. no casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, With illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and romediative. Advocacy of early marriages.

V
TILE MARRIA..GE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the. question."
PHOGIUMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
ligion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both skies, as to ago, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing, them.
physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Clues, &c.

By R. J. CITISERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
(1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
matters. Reception hours daily till nye. Evenings, seven till nine.
10 411711-place, Regent-litreet,

NEW NOVEL BY MISS KAVANAGH.
New ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.
NATHALIE.,A.T ALE.
BY JULIA KAVANAGH.
, Author of " Woman in France," " Madeleine," &c.
" Nathalie is the love story of a wayward heart. The tale is by
match Miss Kavanagh's best imaginative eft-4M Its manner is gra-
cibus and attractive—its matter is geed. We should not soon come
to an end were we to specify all the delicate touches and attractive
pictures which place ' Nathalie ' high among hooks of its class."—
Athenmum.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

CHEAP EDITION OF MR. AINSWORTH'S WORKS.
Just published, pride Isi boards,. or Is. 6d. cloth,'
A U R I . 0 L.
Also, now ready :
Tower etLondon, Crichton,
• 3liser's Daughter, Windsor Castle,
Rookwood, Jack Sheppard,
Saint James's, ' Old Saint Paul's.
Lately published, in a Double Vol., price Is. 6d. boards, or 2s. cloth,
1 GUY FAWKES ; Or, THE GUNPOWDER TREASON.
I Chapman and Hall, 186, Strand.
Sold by all Booksellers and Newsmen.

•
LABITZKY'S QUADRILLE of .ALL ,NA-
TIONS, Dedicated by special permission to IIJt.H. Prince
Alhert;perf.)rming nigntly at the Grand 2k.rational Concerts with un-
bounded enthusiasm, is THIS DAY PUBLISHED for. the Piano,
by Messrs. it. COCKS and Co., New Burlington-street, and may be
obtained at all Music Warehouses, Sc.c., and his Troubadour Wallies,
dedicated to Harry Lee Carter, Esq.

This day Published, by Richardson and Son, 172, Fleet-street, Lon-
I don ;9, Capel-street, Dublin, and Derby. Price Sixpence.
A N APPEAL to the REASON and GOOD
21 FEELING of the ENGLISH PEOPLE, on the subject of the
CA. tHOLIC HIERARCH V.
BY HIS EMINFUCE CARDINAL WISEMAN.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
Lecture on the Ballad Music of England, by Mr. George Bar-
ker, with illustrations from the most popular Composers every Even-
,
h (except Saturday) at Eight o'clock.—Lecture on the Hydro-
E edtfic Machine, by Dr. B achhoffner.—Lecture on Chemistry by J.
Pepper, Esq., illustrating the Ancient Fiery Ordeal and the Rand.
wig of Red Hot Metals;—fitedel of Weston's Patent Nova=Motive
Railway, at work daily.—i lissolving Views illustrating some of the
Wonders of Nature, daily at- Half-past- Four, and in the Evenings
a 1 a Quarter to Ten; also a Series, exhibiting Scenes in the Arctic
Rgions and Ceylon; daily at One e'clock.—Diver and Diving-bell,
&p., &c.
Admission, Is.— Schools, Half-price.
Open daily from Eleven till Five o'clock, and every Evening (ex-
ectpt Saturday) from Seven till Ralf-past Ten.

CARDINAL WISEMAN'S
MANIFESTO.

The following is the address by Dr. Wiseman in
explanation of his appointment by the Pope as Arch-
bishop of Westminster :

* He is quoted by Mr. Bowyer in an excellent pamphlet
just PUbligiod.

tholic Church in England. And yet, for Englishmen, it
ought to have been sufficient to say, It is strictly within
the law.'

" AN APPEAL, &c.
"An agitation, perhaps unparalleled in our times, has
been raised by the constitution or a Catholic hierarch,y
in this island. Its violence has been that of a whirl-
wind, during which it would have been almost folly to
claim a hearing. After the news reached England of
the measure being completed, a pause of a few days en-
sued, as if the elements were brewing for the storm.
Then it burst out with absolute fury; every newspaper
(with a few honourable exceptions) seemed to'vie with
its neighbour, of most opposite politics and principles, in
the acrimony, virulence, and perseverance of its at-
tacks; Liberal and Conservative, 'Anglican or Dis-
senting, grave or light, as their usual tone and
character might previously have been, the men,
gies of all seemed concentrated upon one single point,
that of crushing, if possible, or denouncing at least
to public execration, the new form of ecclesiastical
government, which Catholics regarded as a blessing and
an honour. For this purpose nothing was refused,
however unfounded, however personal, even by papers
whose ordinary tone is courteous, or at leait well-bred.
Anecdotes without a particle of truth, or, what is worse,
with some particles of distorted truth in them, have been
copied from one into another, and most widely circu,
lated. Sarcasm, ridicule, satire of the broadest,charac-
ter, theological and legal reasonings of the most refined
nature, bold 'and reckless declamation, earnest and art-
ful argument—nothing seemed to come amiss; and every
invokable agency, from the Attorney-General to Guy
Fawkes, from proemunire •to a hustling, was summoned
forth to aid the cry, and administer td the vengeance of
those viho raised it.

" And, in fact, there soon sprung np from amidst the
first confusion a clearer and more natural agent, inter-
ested in promotirg it. The Established Church of Eng-
land looks upon the now constitution accorded by the
Holy See to Catholics as a rival existence; and it is but
natural that its clergy should exert themselves to the
utmost to keep up an excitement which bears an ap-
pearance of attachment to, themselves. And hence, by
degrees, the agitation has been lately subsiding into a
mere clerical and parochial movement.
" A few years ago an excitement somewhat similar
was caused by the proposed augmentation of the grant
to Maynooth College. Political and religious feelings
brought partiea otherwise generally discordant, into
harmonious opposition to the increase. But the great
statesman wholthen presided over her Majesty's councils,
and who.e loss the country has lately so sincerely de-
plored, nobly stemmed the tide, carried his increase with
calm dignity through the Legislature, and yielded
nought t' public outcry. At the present crisis 'the Ca-
tholics of England had no right to expect any co. opera-
tion from the Government of the country—they asked
for none; but they had the right of every citizen to im-
partiality. They nattirally might have expected that he
to whom was entrusted the helm of the State would
keep himself above those influences of party feeling which
disqualify the mind for grave and generous counsels;
would preserve himself uncommitted by any hasty or
unofficial expression of opinion; would remain on the
neutral ground of his public responsibility; to check
excess on every side, and moderate dangerous tendencies
in any party. Instead of this, the head of her Majesty's
G7mernment has astonished, not this country alone, but
all Europe, by a letter which leaves us but little hope that
any appeal to the high authority which rules over the
empire would be received, to say the least, with favour.
" But, another and a still graver power in the State
has allowed itself to be swayed, by the passing blast,
from the upright and inflexible position which English-
men have ever considered natural to it. Whatever the
agitation and storm that raged around, we have been
accustomed to feel sure that the fountains of justice
would retain their surface calm and unruffled, and their
Waters cool and pure. The highest secular dignity in
the land has been wisely adjudged to him, who, either
seated at the head of the noblest assembly in the world,
holds with unswerving head, the ' balance of constitu-
tional justice, and utters, in venerated accents, decisions
on the most delicate topics of public and royal rights,
which' pass into very aphbrisms of legislation; or, en-
throned in the innermost sanctuary of justice; decides,
almost without appeal, upon causes of vast magnitude,
and enters the records of his decisions upon the law-
tables of the empire. But on the present occasion the
storm has been strong enough to disturb the very spring
of equity. Instead of waiting till, from the woolsack or
the bench, he might have been called upon to speak
with impartial solemnity on what may be thought a mo-
mentous question, the Lord High Chancellor of Eng.
land has preferred to deliver his award against us
from behind the tables of a Mansion-house banquet, and'
so elicit the anti-Popish cheers of his civic companions,
rather than the honoured approbation of the peerage or
the bar. His compeer in high judicial duties sat by and
listened; ..was indignant, and justly censured:* should he
survive to be his biographer, let him, for the honour of
More's ermine, suppress the undignified and un-English
phrases which he beard; for no one here, however
raised up, has a right to talk of placing his heel upon
even the covering of another's head, who however
humble, is as much a British subject and a freeman as
himself, and claims equal protection from, as he pays
equal deference to, the law of his country.
" While thus the avenues to public justice seem closed
against us—while the press has condemned and raised
our death-whoop in spite of proffered explanations, deaf
to every call for a fair hearing—while we may consider
that the door of the Treasury may be barred against us
if we knock to ask, not for pensions or funds, but for a
reasonable hearing, when the very highest judicial
authority has prejudged and cut off all appeal from us,
what resource have we yet left—what hope of justice?
One in which, after God's unfailing Providence, we
place unbounded confidence. There still remain the
manly sense and honest heart of a generous people—that
love of honourable dealing and fair play which, in joke
or in earnest, is equally the instinct of an Englishman—
that hatred of all mean advantage taken, of all base
tricks, and paltry clap traps, and party cries employed
to hunt down even a rival or a foe. .

" To this open-fronted and warmhearted tribunal I
make my appeal, and claim, on behaeof myself and my
fellow-Catholics a fair, free, and impartial hearing. Fel
low• subjects, Englishmen, be you, at least, just and equit-
able ! You have been deceived—you have been minted,
both as to facts and as to intentions. I will be plain
and simple, but straightforward and bold. I will be
brief also, as far as I can, but as explicit as may be ne-
cessary.
" rbegin, therefore, at once with
" SEC. L--THE ROYAL SUPEEMACY, AND BISHOPS NAMED

13Y THE CROWN.

" Down to the year 1829 Catholics were excluded
from both II tuses of Parliament, and from many other
offices and dignities. Or it may be more correct to say
shay were only enabled to attain these distinctions by
tekhig an oath, entitled the Oath of Supremacy. There
was also a declaration required againet several Catholic
doctrines: but any Catholic who would have acknow-
ledged the Sovereign's supremacy would easily have de-
nied those doctrines, and so have taken the entire oath.
" What was meant by the King's supremacy was, that
in him was vested the headship of the Church in all the
British empire, so that he had supremo power in ec-
clesiastical and spiritual' matters, as well as in civil
and temporal;' and every one was held to be as subject
to the one as to the other. The acknowledgment of,
and the subjection to, this spiritual supremacy was in-
compatible with the dectriuo and belief of Catholics all
over the world; namely, that there are no such things
as national or separate churches; but only one true
Catholic or universal church, under one head, the Bishop
of Rome, otherwise called the Pope.
" The Catholic who believed in this doctrine could not,
without giving the lie to his faith, swear or admit that
the temporal Sovereign is head of the Church, nor
of any church that claimed his obedience.
" And because he would not admit that Royal su-
premacy;or, what is the same, be admitted the Papal su-
premaey in spirituals, the Catholic was excluded from
partaking of the privileges of the Constitution.
" At an earlier period Catholics used to be put to
death for their denial of the kingly ecclesiastical
premacy. The best and greatest of English judges, the
Chancellor Sir Thomas More, was beheaded for denying
that supremacy and maintaining the Pope's.
"In the year above mentioned, 1829, an Act was
passed and became law, which is familiarly known as '
the Catholic Emancipation Act. By this Catholics
were freed from all obligation of swearing to, and con-
sequently acknowledging, the royal ecclesiastical supre-
macy, and an oath of allegiance was framed peculiarly
for them which excluded all declaration of belief in that
principle.
" A Catholic, therefore, before 1829, in the eye of the
few, was a person who did not admit the royal supre-
macy, and therefore was excluded from full enjoyment
of civil privileges. A Catholic after 1829, and there-
fore in 1850, is a person who still continues not to admit
the royal supremacy, and nevertheless is admitted to full
enjoyment of those privileges.
" The royal supremacy is no more admitted by the
Scotch Kirk, by Baptists. Methodists, Quakers, Inde-
pendents, Presbyterians, Unitarians, and other Dissen-
ters, than by the Catholics. None of these recognise
in the Queen any authority to interfere in their religious
concerns, to appoint their ministers for them, or to mark
the limits of the separate districts in which authority has
to be.exercised.
" None of these, any more than Catholics, recognise in
the Bishops appointed by our gracious Queen, in virtue
of her supremacy, any authority to teach them or rule
there. The real sway,
therefore, of this spiritual pre-
rogative is confined to that body of Christians who volun-
tarily remain suhket to the ecclesiastical establishment
called the Church of England. Any one can, when he
pleases, separate himself from this body, and from that
moment he ceases to consider the bishop appointed by
the Crown as his pastor, superior in spirituals, or master
in faith.
" While the State reserves for that establishment,
within the limits of which the royal supremacy is strictly
and fully exercised, all dignity, honour, pre-eminence,
and endowment, it freely grants to all who choose to
live out of its domination, as their equivalent, perfect
toleration, complete freedom to practice their religion,
whether new or old, according to its principles and to its

* " Lord Chief Justice Campbell, I understand, really said,
that ' there seemed to be only one topic on which any one
could speak ; but that, for his part, if the high dignitaries
alluded to were to come befige hilLI, they AhQUIdl at lOW,
kayo a impartial UAL"

[PRICE SD.

perfect development, so long as the practice is Within the
bounds of law, and trenches upon no other's rights.
When, therefore, the Sovereign appoints new
bishop to a see, the Catholic, and I suppose the Dis-
senter, divides the act between two distinct powers. As
Sovereign, and as dispenser of dignities, the King or
Queen beStovvs on the potion elect dignity, rank, and
wealth; he: is made a Lord of .Parliariient,' receives a
designation and title, becomes seised of certain proper-
ties which entitle him to fines, rents, and fees. To all
this they assent; they may protest, but they_ do not re;
fuse the honours due to one whom the King is pleased to
honour. The title is accorded, be it his Lordship! or
his Grace:' his peerage is admitted, with all its conse-
quent distinctions, and his Alms and fees are paid as to
,any other' landlord..

But further, in-virtue of the spiritual supremacy. the
same Sovereign confers on that peison spiritual and
ecclesiastical jurisdiction; and this, in fact, is acknciw-
lodged Only by those who are mothers of the Churehot
England. Thus if, in virtue of this commission, the,
bishop publicly teaches or denies, as the case may be,
the doctrine of kaptismal regeneration, a Catholic: no
More heeds his teaching than ho does that of a
Dissenting minister. If be comas into a town,, and
invites all to come and be confirmed by him on a given
day, no Catholic takes more notice of the call than he
dues of the parish beadle's noficei; among which it is fas-
tened on the church door. If he appoints a triennial
visitation for'correction of abuses, and hearing of com-
plaints, no Catholic troubles himself about his coming.
And what the Catholic does in 'regard to theie func-
tions of an Anglican, bishop, the Independent does just
. ,
as much.

" It follows that 'a marked distinction exists between
the authority possessed by a bishop and that of any
other functionary named by the Queen's excellent Ma-
jesty. If she appoints an admiral, or commander-in-
chief, or governer of a colony, or judge, every one is
bound to 'obey that person in all that belongs specifically
to his office, and any one would be punishable if he re-
fused. But in regard to a bishop it is exactly the con-
trary. Precisely in those eery matters which appertain
to his office we are not bound to obey him. No one is
obliged to seek doctrine from his teaching, sanctifi-
cation from his ministration, or grace from his bless-
ing. This anomalous difference arises from the circum-
seanceehat the commission given to civil and military
officers flows from the temporal sovereignty, which none
may impugn; while that to the ecclesiastical functiona-
ries proceeds frOm the spiritual jurisdiction; which may
be, and is, lawfully denied.
" When a Dissenter denies the royal supremacy (al-
ways meaning by this term the spiritual or ecclesiastical
jurisdiction attributed to the Crown), he substitutes, per-
haps, for it some other authority in some synod or con-
ference, or he admits of none other to take its place; but
when the Catholic • denies it, it is because he believes
another And a true ecclesiastical and spiritual supremacy
to resid :An the Pope. or Bishop of Rome, over the entire
Catholic Church. With him the two acts resolve them-
selves into one—denial of the Royal supremacy and as •
sertion of the Papal supremacy, And as it is perfectly
lawful for him' to deny the one, so it is equally lawful
for him to assert the other. Hulce Lord Chancellor.
Lyndhurst, in the House of Lords, May 11, 1846, spoke
to the following effect:—
" He said that it was no crime in the Roman Catholic
to maintain and defend the supremacy of the Pope; but
that if he did it for mischievous purposes, and circulating
immoral doctrines and opinions, he was liable to punish-
ment by the common law; but if he merely maintained
and defended, as be was bound to do, the spiritual au-
thority of his superior, then he said that he was guilty
of no offence against the laws of the country. The
Right Rev. Prelate (the Bishop of Exeter) bad asked his
opinion and that of the Learned Judges as to the right
of the Roman Catholics to maintain and defend the su-
premacy of the Pope in spiritual matters. Ho said that
is was no offence at common law for them to do so; but,
on the other hand, if any person improperly, wantonly,
or'seditiously galled in question the supremacy of the
CrolVn of England—and that, it was to be observed, in-
cluded the temporal as well as the spiritual power of the
Crown—if any, from any improper motive or purpose,
or in any improper manner, questioned that supremacy,
then that person would be liable to a prosecution at the
common law; and there could be no doubt, if the
Learned *hedges were consulted, they would so deter-
mine.*

" In the present contest it is of great importance to
keep these maxims in mind. For both in the papers,
and still more in addresses, it is almost atmimed that Ca-
tholics have now, for the first time, denied the authority
of. Anglican bishops, or impugned the spiritual supre-
macy of the Crown. The bishops and clergy are of
course turning the crisis to their own best advantage,
and associating their pretensions with the rights of the
Sovereign. They are endeavouring, and will endeavour,
to• regain. thatinfluenee .which they have lost over the
hearts of the people, and think to replace, by one burst
of fanaticism, the religious ascendancy which years have
worn away. But this will not be permitted them by a
people too much enlightened on the subject of religious
toleration, as enjoyed in England, to be easily fooled out
of; the privileges which it possesses. The nation will
watch with jealousy any attempt to curtail or to narrow
them, even though Catholics be the victime. Believe me,
at this moment, the danger to the religious and civil li-
berties of Englishmen is not from any infringement on
them by the Pope, in granting to English Catholics what
I hope to show you they bad full right to obtain from
hun, bat from those who are taking advantage of the oc-
currence to go back a step if they can in the legislation
of :toleration, and take away from a large body of Eng-
lislmen what at present is lawful to them in regard to
the free exercise of their religion.
"I proceed, therefore, to examine in
" SEC. IL-WHAT WAS THE EXTENT OF RELIGIOUS TOLE•
RATION GRANTED TO CATHOLICS? HAVE THEY' A

RIGHT TO POSSESS BISHOP& on; A HIERARCHY?

" The Act of Catholic Emancipation was considered,
not only by those whom it benefited, but by all who
consented to it, as an act of justice rather than of favour.
It was deemed unjust to exclude from fair participation
in constitutional rights any Englishman on account of
his religious opinions. By this Act, therefore, preceded
and fellowed by many others of lesser maenitude, the
Catholics of the British empire were admitted to com-
plete toleration—that is, were made as free as any other
class of persons to profess and practise their religion in
every respect. The law made a few exceptions, but the
enumeration of these only served to prove that in every
other respect but these the law recognized no restrictions.
If the law,' observed Lord Lyndhurst, allowed the
deorines and discipline of the Roman Catholic Church,
it should be allowed to be carried en perfectly and pro-
perly 'f
" fleece, to have told Catholics You have perfect
religious liberty, but. you shall not teach that the Church
cannot err; or, you have compltte toleration, but you
must not presume to believe holy orders to be a sacra-
ment.' would have been nugatory and tyrannical.
" Now, holy orders require bishops to administer
them, consequently a succession of bishops to keep up a
succession of persons in orders.
" Hence the Catholic Church is essentially episcopal;
and to say, ' You Catholics shall have complete religious
toleration, hut ycu shall not have bishops among you to
govern you,' would have been a complete contradiction
in terms—it would have amounted to a total denial of
religious toleration.
" When, therefore, emancipation was granted to the
Catholics, full power was given them to have an epis-
copate—that is, a baby of bishops to rule them in com-
munion with the Pope, the avowed head of the Church.
" Now, government by bishops in the Catholic Church
may be of two kinds.
",First, the regular, ordinary, proper, and perfect
form of episcopal government consists of a local heir-
archy—that is, a body of bishops having their aces in
the country, with an archbishop similarly holding his
see. Such is the episcopacy where constituted in its
ordinary form.
" Secondly, where this proper form is not attainable,
a temporary and less perfect mode of providing bishops
for a country is adopted. The Pope names bishops to
ancient sees situated now in infidel countries, as Turkey
or Barbary, and gives them jurisdiction in the country
to be provided for, as his own immediate vicars. Hence
such bishops are called vicars apostolic.
" When emancipation or full religious freedom was
granted to Catholics, if in this was included full liberty
to be governed by bishops according to the constitution
and ordinances of their own Church, it follows that they
were at perfect liberty to have it governed according to
the regular and ordinary form of their constitution, as
much as by the temporary and irregular; and that is by
a hierarchy of local bishops.
" To have said to Catholics, You are perfectly free
to practise your religion and to have your own Church
government, but you shall not be free to have it in its
" proper and perfect" form, but only in the imperfect
form in which it has been tolerated while you had not
liberty of conscience,' would have been a tyranny, and,
in fact, a denial of that very liberty of conscience.
" But the fact is a simple and plain one, that the law
did not say so, and did not put on any such restriction;
and we are to be governed by law, and not by assertions.
If the Catholics are at liberty by law to have
bishops at all, they are as much at liberty to have local
bishops as to have vicars apostolic.
"Nay, more than this, the law plainly foresaw and
provided for our having regular bishops one day instead
of vicars.
"First, as Lord Lyndhurst, already quoted, has ob-
served, if the law allowed the doctrines and the disci-
pline of the Roman Catholic Church, it should be allowed
to be carried out perfectly and properly.' This is in the
spirit of every legislation. Our Church system would
not be allowed to be carried out perfectly and properly
if it was understood (where not expressed) that it was
only to be allowed to be carried out in its imperfect and
less proper form. Suppose a man has kept possession for
years of a house which he hid built for himself on my
land without my permission, and then we bad come to an
amicable arrangement, and I give him leave, without any
restriction to have a home there, could I complain if,
when his old one required rebuilding, he made it of brick
or stone, and say that I always meant he was only to
keep up a wooden or temporary house? If any Sove-
reign granted to any distant country its independence,
and power to rule itself by a monarchical government,
would it be just, when that form of jurisdiction was

* Hansard, vol. lxxxiv. p. 310.
t Speech in the Lords, April 20, 1846, Seward, vol.
kx.V. p 1,261.