The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-16 00:00:00

TO THE PUBLIC.

To be had at the Post OfilCe,lNeyrnoull7,price Is., or post free, on
receipt of 18 postage labels, pre-paid.
REMARKS ON THE

PORTLAND BREAKWATER
By JOHN lIARVEY.
And FIRST and SECOND ADDRESSES of his SON,
• Mr. JOHN HARVEY.
Postmaster of Weymouth,
The successful Promoter of the Breakwater.

This work appeals mot forcibly to the nautical and mercantile
friends of Great Britain. The Act of Parliament for the " Portland
Harbour of Refuge and Breakwater" received the Royal Assent Ilth
of May, 1847; Prince Albert laid the First Stone on the 25th
of July, 1849.
_ _

The Book of Remarks, &c., is warmly recommended to the public:
it has two Embellishments—one, a Map of the environs of Weymouth
awl Dorchester (including the Railroads and Breakwater), describ-
ing a circle of 12 miles round Weymouth, and forms a complete
Chart of the Bay—most useful to mariners -the depth of water hav-
ing been carefully added. This Map is sold separate at 64., and if
sent free by post 10d. The other is a View of Weymouth Bay, &c ,
with tke proposed Breakwater and Harbour, price 3d. separate, and
4d. if sent free by post.
The Government works (1850) exhibit an interesting scene of ac-
tivity, and attract numbers of visitors daily; some of the Breakwater
in an unfinished state is now seen projecting from the shore, and the
deposition of stone from the quarrel is regularly and rapidly carried
forward by railway. A number of additional tram waggons have
lately been received at the works, with a view to the employment
of a still larger number of convicts, on the arrival of whom this
great national enterprise will be carried on with increased rapidity.
Amongst the remarkable machinery to be observed on these works
may be mentioned a gigantic crane on a moveable platform, intended
for the raising of stones from the recesses of the quarries, and which
is capable of sustaining with ease the immense weight of 60 tons An
engine has also been racently erected for the chemical impregnation
of the driving piles for their preservation, by a new and ingenious
process, by which they arc rendered imnerVious to the action of
water. The interest which attaches itself to Portland from its rare
and abundant fossils, its striking geological strAiflcation, and anti-
quarian remains is sufficiently notorious. These attractions are now
varied and enhanced by the grand exhibition of the fertile resource.,
the all-conquering ingenuity and profound achievements of the skilful
engineer, bending to his uses the most stubborn obstacles, and cir-
cumscribing the power and sway of the mighty ocean.
PORTLAND HARBOUR OF REFUGE.
The inhabitants of Weymouth and Portland, feeling that a debt of
gratitude is owing to Mr. John Harvey for his and his father's un-
tiring exertions, both by personal application and writing, in bringing
before successive Governments and the public the necessity of a
Breakwater at Portland (now happily commenced), have resolved
on entering into a subscription to present him with a suitable testi-
monial. The late Mr. John Harvey was, in 1803, by the especial
command of his Majesty George the Third, appointed Postmaster of
Weymouth, and the present Mr: John Harvey succeeded his father
in the same situation in the year 1817. Subscriptions will be re-
ceived by the Weymouth Banks, Libraries, and Post-office, and it is
hoped that the country generally will unite with the inhabitants of
Weymouth and Portland, in promoting this laudable object.

C'REMORNE GARDENS,
On the Banks of the Thames at Chelsea.
Open Daily at Three o'clock.
ONE SHILLING ADMISSION.
Children, Half-price.
Sundays at Half-past Four. No charge for admission except by
Refreshment Card—Sixpence. Children under Six years of age free.
Director, Mr. T. R. Simpson, Albion, Great Russell-street, Co-
vent-garden.

THIS DAY, September 16,
immense Success of Deulin's new Fairy Ballet. " The Origin of
Harlequin." New Groupings from the Antique. Dancing to
Borini's Band of Fifty Instrumentalists. Madame Antonio
will make her marvellous Ascent and Descent on the Rope amid
hurricanes of Chevalier Mortram's gorgeous Fireworks. Chattaway's
celebrated Brass Band.
In active preparation, a Grand Chinese Fete.
On Saturday, for the future, the usual entertainments will be pre-
sented, instead of the Bal al Fresco; and the usual charge for admis-
sion restored, viz., Is.
NEPAULESE ARCIIERY GROUND.
Ladies and gentlemen can here enjoy the health-promoting elegant
exercise of the graceful bow, with the advantage of proper instruc-
ion, gratis 1 Shooting three dozen arrows before Five o'clock, ls. ;
after Five, Gd. per dozen Matches for Dinner, Wine, and a Prize
Bow are always open. Tickets, 10s. Gd. each, to be had of Mr.
Teetgen, Archery Manufactory, 164, Bishopsgate•street.
The Magic Cave—The Shooting Gallery—Burns's Cottage,
with Groups of Figures illustrative of his Works—Summer and
Winter in the Arctic Regions—The Maze—Statuary of the finest
Classical description—The American Giant—The Log Hut of the Ca-
lifornian Gold Diggers—Ancient and Modern Groupings, by Duffel,
&c., &c.
Be it recollected, on Sundays, admission by Refreshment Ticket,
Sixpence.
Never were these delightful grounds in such high perfection
as at the present moment. Visitors to London should not omit a
stroll 'neath the shade of the lofty trees and amongst the variegated
beds of flowers at Cremorne. Everything has been done to render
this magnificent place of amusement worthy the most extensive
patronage.
The attention of the French in London is particularly requested to
this metropolitan ducosse.
The grand Bowling Saloon of this establishment is open free to the
Public,
N.B. The Mammoth Sycamore, the LargeA Tree in the World,
in the River Esplanade.
A Table d'Hote on Sundays at Six o'clock—Half-a-Crown.
Cremorne can be reached by road or river for 3d.
A Boat leaves Battersea-bridge every Night after the Fireworks.

THIRTY-FIRST EDITION.
Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Er4gravinTs on Steel.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-

PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS.TO MARRIAGE,

Kew Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 25. 6d., or
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex-
cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury,
with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis-
qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and
L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox-
[ord-street, London. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange,
11, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 133, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ;
Starie, 23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings.
PART H. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
Incapacity. Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings.
PART Hi. treats of the diseases resulting from intection, either in
the rimary or secondary form, and containS explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured
Engt avings.
PART IY. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
This important part of the Work should not escape the reader's
notice.
PART V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du-
ties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the
whale subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
Tun CORDIAL BALM OF STRIACCM is exclusively employed in
treating nervous and so xual debility, impotence, Ste., 1 ls. and 335
hilitic .
per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syp
remed7, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, Its. and 335. per
bottle. terry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s . 9d., 4s. 6 and I is.
per box, a certain remedy for gonoritcea, gleet, stricture, and
chronic, inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
if. A minute detail of the 'ense is required: age, habits, and posi-
tion in society. 17 Packets, with advice, to be had at the lista-
blislment only by which the fee, U., is saved. Messre. terry,
Surgeons, aro in attendance daily at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
street, London, from Eleven WI Two an 4 Five to Eight ; 01l 81111-
day, thlll EleToll to Ono.

n a gentle slope, to the ocean. It is through the
Lake of Managua, and across this plain, either to the
little port of Tarnarinda or the fine port of Realejo, or
else (and this is the most probable) across the Llano
del Conejo, into the magnificent Gulf Fonseca, that
the proposed canal must pass. It is true Lake Nica-
ragua approaches, at one or two points, to within
about 15 miles of the Pacific, and it would seem that
it might be easily connected with that ocean. But
between the two is a ridge of land of considerable
height, across which no canal can ever be constructed,
simply because no sufficient amount of water is to be
obtained at or near the summit to supply even the
leakage of such a work. And a direct cut, by which
a supply might be obtained from the lake, would in-
volve a tunnel, large enough for ships, of six or seven
miles in length, besides immense and almost impos-
sible cuttings for the remainder of the distance. This
is sufficiently demonstrated by the surveys or rather
reconnoisance of Mr. Bailey. It is said that a prac-
ticable route exists between Lake Nicaragua, by way
of the river Sapoa, to the Bay of Salinas, a part of
the Gulf of Papagayo. But no authentic examina-
tion has ever been made of this line, and Mr. Squier
expressed his doubts as to its practicability. He
would not, however, presume to speak decisively, as
he had not enjoyed an opportunity of examining it in
person. He would, nevertheless, say that even if
practicable, the contending winds that prevail in this
gulf, and to which it has given the name of Papa-
gayos, would prove a signal disadvantage to it. Be-
side, so far as communication with California and the
northern half of the continent, as well as with the
Sandwich Islands, and China, and the East Indies is
concerned, entering the ocean at this point would be
eminently disadvantageous.
" Mr. Squier continued by saying that a ship com-
munication across the continent at this point involved,
in his estimation, not only a canal from the great
Nicaragua basin to the Pacific, but also a canal for
the greater part, if not the whole, of the distance from
Lake Nicaragua to the Atlantic. The river San
Juan, the outlet of this lake, although probably pass-
ing an equal if not greater amount of water, with the
Connecticut or Hudson rivers, and although for by
far the greater part of its length capable of being
navigated by our largest river steamers, is yet, for
reasons which he had presented in a recent commu •
nication, in the Providence Journal, inadequate, under
any practicable improvement, of being made navigable
for ships—and any canal not admitting of the easy
and rapid passing of the largest ships would very im-
perfectly meet or subserve the great ends of its con-
struction and of commerce. Small steamers, such as
are used on the tributaries of the Mississippi, may
now be run on the river; and, with some improve-
ments at the various rapids, steamers of a larger class
may be used.
"It will, therefore, be necessary to cut a canal
parallel to the river, from which the requisite supply
of water may be easily drawn. The line would run
upon the north bank of the stream, near the base of
the hills which bound the valley on that side. It is
possible the rivers might, by dredging, be used for a
distance of twenty miles downward from the lake to
the river Savalas, in which case this section of the
canal would be shortened to seventy, perhaps to sixty
miles. Mr. Squier said that this part of the proposed
line had hitherto been passed over with very little re-
mark, on the assumption that here no difficulty ex-
isted, and that the river might easily be made to
answer every desirable purpose ; yet, in his estima-
tion, it was by far the most difficult part of the whole
enterprise ; not on the score of feasibility, but of labour
and expense. The whole matter, however, resolved
itself into a simple question of dollars and cents. It
only required capital. The great lake of Nicaragua,
125 miles in length, by 50 in hreadtb, although quite
shallow at many points on the northern shore, is,
nevertheless, of great general depth, varying from six
to sixty fathoms, and may, without doubt, be made
navigable for ships of the greatest draught. The
only difficulties exist in approaching the shore at
either extremity ; but these may probably be obviated
by pier-work and dredging.
" Between Lake Nicaragua and the superior lake
of Managua is a nominal distance of 18 miles. But
the connecting stream, called Rio Tipitapa, is, in
a estuary
probably of
Ibek so
Nfacict'arfaogruaan, extent
for
o
cleared out as to be made navigable. From the
head of this estuary, at a point catled San PaEquil to
that a 12t distance miles,
an
y m
Lake Managua, a distance of five miles, there is a rise

of about 25—feet.
" The greater part of this rise is abrupt, at a point
about a mile below the lake, called the Falls of Tipi-
tapa. Very little water passes here except in the rainy
season, and in the dry season the stream is sometimes
wholly suspended. The rock is apparently a soft cal-
careous breccia, easily worked. A short section of
canal is therefore indispensable here, extending from
the lake to the falls, a distance of one mile. Below
this to San Pasquil, at the head of the estuary from
Lake Nicaragua, the bed of the stream is deep, and
the banks abrupt and high, forming a natural canal,
which only needs proper damn and locks at its lower
extremity to furnish a channel adequate to every pur-
pose of navigation.
" Lake Managua is a fine body of water, and of
much larger size than has hitherto been represented.
It is certainly not far from 50 or 60 miles in greatest
length by 35 in width, and ranges from 2 to 10 and
15, and even 40 fathoms in depth. The scenery
which borders it is unsurpassed in beauty and gran-
deur. Upon the northern and eastern shore, lifting

"To the third line, namely, that from Lake
Managua to the Gulf of Fonseca, public attention
has never been generally directed. It nevertheless
seems to offer greater advantages than either of the
others. The gulf or bay in question is unequalled
by any on the continent or perhaps in the world. It
much resembles that of San Francisco, and_may be
described as an immense harbour, in which all the
fleets in the world may ride in safety. Its entire
length within the land is not far from 100 miles, by
perhaps 50 in average breadth. The three states of

San Salvador, lion-auras, and Nicaragua touch upon
it. All the adjacent coasts are of unbounded pro-
ductiveness. It embraces several islands of con-

siderable size, surrounded by water of such depth as
to enable vessels to approach close in shore. The
most important of these, from the circumstances of

its size and the fact that it commands and is the•key
to the entire gulf, is the Island o? Tegre, belonging
to Honduras. Tbis island was the head-quarters of
Drake during his operations in the South Sea. It
is about 30 miles in circumference, level near to the
shore, but rising regularly and gradually to a perfect
cone in the centre. Upon this island is situated the
free port of Amapala. Its possession by
.any great
maritime nation would enable it to exercise an in-
fluence and control over the commerce of the western
part of the continent which the possession of
Gibraltar by the English enables them to exercise
over the commerce of Europe. From the south-
eastern extremity of this gulf extends a large estuary
or arm, called the Estero Real. Its course is pre-
cisely in the direction of the Lake of Managua, which
it approaches to within fifteen or twenty miles, and
between which and the lake is the plain of Correjo,
which is, in fact, a part of the plain of Leon. This
Estero is as broad as the East River at New York,
and has for most of its extent an ample depth of water.
At thirty miles above its mouth it had fifty feet. There
is a narrow bar at its mouth, upon which, at low tide,
there is but about three fathoms. The tide rises,
however, about ten feet, and with artificial aid the
bar could, doubtless, be passed at all times. This
Estero is one of the most beautiful natural channels
that can be imagined, preserving, for a long distance,
a very nearly uniform width of from 300 to 400
yards. Its banks are lined with mangroves, with a
dense back ground of Mier trees. Captain Belcher,
R.N., ascended the Estero for thirty miles in a vessel
drawing ten feet of water. From the head of tide
water in the Estero to the lake is not more than
twenty or twenty.five miles. In case the canal is
ever built, said Mr. Squier, I am convinced this must
be its route. The advantages which would result
to such a work from terminating in the Gulf of Fon-
seca are very great, and so obvious that it is needless
to recapitulate them.

" It may, therefore, in view of the preceding facts,
be safely asserted that the passage from Lake Ma-
nagua to the sea is eminently feasible.
" The length of the proposed line of communica-
tion for ships, from sea to sea, can only be determined
by actual measurement. Mr. Squier said that, never-
theless, he would venture to submit the following
calculation :

iles.
Length of the River San Juan ....... M9O
Part of the Lake of Nicaragua to be
traversed ..... 110

Length of Rio Tipitapa ...
Length of Lake Managua
From Lake to RTalejo
. ,

Total . .. 313
.
From this must be deducted 25 miles, in case the
line is terminated at the port of Tamarinds. In case
it should terminate in the Gulf of Fonseca, it is pos-
sible it would not be many miles longer than to
Realejo. The extent of actual canalisation, there-
to Ta-
mfoareri,owdao,u9lda btoe
Itowlt.etaole.l,oo,olse2ooa,tololo,lotomli2leos.;
" It is useless, said Mr. Squier, in conclusion, to
enter into calculations respecting the cost of the pro-
estimated at from
posed work ; for until there is a detailed survey of
the entire line, it must be wholly a matter of conjec-
ture.
0,01:0 htoas4ob,eoeono,ovoaoriodolusllayrs.
Assume it to cost
100,000,000 dollars, which may be as near the truth
as any other calculation, still it is enough, at present,
to know that it is feasible, and that its benefits, im-
mediate and prospective, will be sufficient to compen-
sate for the expenditure of double that amount,
startling as it may appear.
nitteh theresti proposed work,
n
" In some canversation that ensued between mem-
g and important
f
bers, after the conclusion of these observations, Mr.
Squiermentioned,
oton l
y as ct
as
nn a e
but with the whole question of steam navigation in
the Pacific, that a large bed of coal had recently
been discovered in San Salvador, on the banks of the
connected with i
river Lempa about 60. miles from the Gulf of Fonseca.
It is semi-bituminous in character, reseml3ling the
Mount Savage coal. lie had sent specimens to the
Department of State in Washington."

NEW PLANET.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

Sir,—Last evening, at 10h. 10m. moan time, at this
observatory, I discovered a new planet in the con-
stellation Pegasus. It appears like a star of the ninth
magnitude, and has a pale bluish light. The follow-
ing are the observed positions :

Greenwich
s
North
Mean Time. Right Ascension. Declination,
u. 24. 5. 11. 31. S. DFC.. MIN. SEC.
Sept. 13 at 11 29 35 23 44 45•08 14 6 42.9
Sept. 14 at 828 '24 23 44 2'56 13 59 29.3
of the solar o
o.lzardltern forms the
ai
planets, the
twelfth'lhis noefw methegmrobuerp of u
third which I have been fortunate enough to discover
in the course of a rigorous examination of the heavens.
I remain, Sir, your most obedient servant,
J. R. limp.

Mr. Bisl'op's Observatory,
Inner Circle, Regent's•park, Sept. 14.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.--The character of popular amusements
is one, and not the least, evidence of national progress
or decline, and there is no more sure sign of moral
imperfection in a community than when feats of skill
or displays of strength fail to satisfy unless accompa-
nied by the additional excitement and relish of actual
danger. In barbarian or semi-barbarian states of
society we can find an excuse for the sanguinary
games which serve as a rehearsal for the sanguinary
business of life ; but if nations once civilized return to
the ferocious amusements of their less cultivated fore.
fathers, we pronounce their courage extinct, and their
dignity abandoned. The gladiatorial combats of
Rome, never so rife as in the superficially magnificent
age of the Caesars, were one pregnant proof of her
approaching decay, and the still cherished bull fights
of Madrid may be taken to signify that to true civiliza-
tion the Spaniard is yet a stranger. The resort to
excitements such as the spectacle of danger supplies
marks either the infancy or the decrepitude of na-
tional virtue, and a passion for cruel amusements will
generally be found simultaneous with a low estimate
of the sacrednesi of life. We, who take credit to our-
selves for bull- baiting extinguished, for dog-fighting
discountenanced, and the ring reprobated, should
take care how any symptom of a return to barbarism
remains uncondemned—how any inexcusable risk is
allowed to form an alluring element in the sports
which are devised for public enjoyment. Among the
most favourite attractions which in this metropolis
woo the spare money and leisure hours of thousands
of our population, there are none which involve any
necessary danger to life : exhibitions of personal
daring and alacrity, such as ropedancing, horseriding,
and other feats of the circus, do not owe their popu-
larity to the personal risk encountered ; habit and
practice give to a Ducrow security, and to an Her-
nandez nonchalance; the discipline of the animal and
the skill of the man together reduce the danger to an
inappreciable quantity; and so it is also with another
attraction which has been no less favourite of late
years—ballooning. There was a time when any as-
cent was dangerous. We might apply to the first
adventurers in the regions of air the language with
which Horace apostrophises the first explorer of
ocean. There was some real ambition at the bottom
in either case ; there were truths to be ascertained
and conjectures to be solved ; neither a return in
hard cash nor popular eclat was the expected reward.
To prove that to the dwellers on earth was extended
an empire over the other elements was an achieve-
ment only the more worthy of praise because accom-
panied with risk. Use, however, has made the idea
familiar and the practice comparatively safe. The
actual danger which an aeronaut need en-
counter to-day is not more than that which a
ropedancer or equestrian runs—not more than
the necessity of a livelihood or a natural
adaptation for such pursuit may justify or
commend. It is competent to Mr. Green to ascend
into the clouds, and fur Mr. Wardell to invite a
crowd to view the ascent. There need be no violation
of laws imperative on society, no considerable risk
need be run, no lamentable mischief insured. The
late insane and ridiculous Experiments on ponies offer
a very different feature. It appears from Mr. Green's
statement that this absurdity is not entirely new, and
that he himself originated it some twenty years back.
Now, however, or not—and there is assuredly no
honour in being the inventor—it is to M. Poietvin
that the reproduction of so inhuman a method of
aerostation is due, and it is to the French appetite for
such spectacles that we have to trace the premature end
of Lieutenant Gale. In alluding to his death we wish
merely to place it as an additional argument a poste-
riori against a piece of folly which has no defence ante-
cedently, and of which the folly is aggravated by the
cruelty practised on the animal which accompanies it.
Independently of this catastrophe the former adven-
tures were quite enough to throw discredit on the
practice. Mr. Green is probably by this time as
much ashamed of his performance as the mass of
spectators of their complicity, but for the sake of im-
proving the lesson we must refer our readers to the
facts :—lt was on Tuesday, the 30th of July, that an
application was made to the magistrates by the Secre-
tary of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals to interfere with the proposed ascent of Mr.
Green. It did not appear to the authorities that the
case for interference was made out, and the veteran
aeronaut, therefore, set out the next day on his 1,4?-
ward voyage with one leg on each side of a pc-nr ;
but the extreme humbug of the thing may best be
learned by the description of an eye-witness :
" As the anxious spectators watched the proceedings,
expecting to see a great charger come prancing forward,
from among the feet of some half dozen workmen a di-
minutive little animal, not larger than an undersized
Newfoundland dog, was taken and placed in the car—
its feet were fastened in sockets, its eyes carefully ban-
daged, and a hundred cords were in requisition to secure
its quiescence, At last everything was ready, and Mr.
Green proceeded to mount. A pile of sand-bags, placed
on either side of the pony, sustained the weight of the
aeronaut, which the poor animal itself was unable to
bear."

Such and so imposing was the equitation of Mr.
Green. There appears to have been some reaction
in the minds of the lookers-on when this miserable
absurdity was being accomplished ; at all events, the
general opinion was not sufficiently favourable to
provoke a second experiment. 'With our neighbours,
however, across the water, a single performance was
not enough, and it fell to Mr. Gale's lot to imitate at
Bordeaux what M. Poitevin had auccessfully achieved
at Paris. As Mr. Green's cautious procedure, though
it diminished the danger, also injured the spectacle,
the animal was in this case suspended beneath
the car by girths passed under its body.
Mr. Gale ascended from the Hippodrome of 'Vin-
cennes, near Bordeaux, but there are diverse accounts
as to the precise mode in which he came by his death.
The details of the accident, however, are of little
consequence. That he descended safely, that in ar-
ranging the ropes after unfastening the animal he
was again carried up into the air, and that he was
finally found dead in a field, is all that has been ac-
curately established. How far his death was con-
nected with the particular method of his ascent we
can hardly ascertain ; but, connected directly or not,
it can scarcely fail to bring into entire disrepute a prac-
tice which was never otherwise than hazardous. It
is possible that the lesson to aeronauts may be simply
a lesson of caution, but the admonition to
society ought to be something more. The
affection for extravagant and exceptionable modes
of excitement is, as we have stated above,
one prcof of a depraved public taste. Even if it
could be proved that the inconvenience to the animal
is slight and the pain insignificant, the practical stu-
pidity of the exhibition is none the less glaring : either
the aeronaut abandons some of those precautions
which are neceseary to safety, or he does not; if he
does, he is fatally wrong, and the spectators as mis-
guided as himself; if he does not, the phenomenon is
reduced to the very weakest and silliest of catch-
pennies. In Mr. Green's case the comedy was as
childish as in Lieutenant Gale's case the tragedy was
shocking. It is difficult to say whether Poitevin
sitting astride in bond fide equestrian position or
Green supporting himself on saddle-bags and doubly
making believe to ride is the most grotesque object
of a spurious admiration ; as a matter of fact the
performance would be improved by the cerement
sitting with his face to the animal's tail—the utter
inappropriateness of going up aloft on a frightened
brute with drooping head and passive limbs would
be more signally manifested, and the eclat would
be proportionate to the oddity of the spectacle. There
is, however, something to congratulate ourselves upon
in the fact that Mr. Wardell's diminutive pony was
not called upon for a second performance. How far
this absence of an appetite for equestrian aerostation
may have arisen from our national appreciation of a
horse's attributes and claims, how far from a dislike
of risks at once puerile and insane, may be matter of
doubt; but neither explanation is to be rejected and
perhaps we may attribute it to the joint effect of, both
that the catastrophe which has stamped these eccen-
tricities with so emphatic a condemnation did not
take place upon the English soil. That the calamity
has fallen upon an Englishman makes the warning as
effectual to us as if it had happened among us ; and
though we have less cause to blame ourselves from
the circumstance that public opinion here had con-
demned so absurd and wanton a piece of folly, we are
not so entirely free from blame as to reflect on the
conduct of others, whose misapplied curiosity re-
quired that an unoffending brute should be dragged
up into the heavens an ignominious and forlorn victim
of idle caprice, and whose selfish love of excitement
urged an unfortunate man to his destruction.
CHRONlCLE,—pleasant stories are told of the
grotesque blunders perpetrated by philoso in
moments of abstraction, and something ofphers the kind
appears to have taken place at Cambridge in selecting
a candidate for the University. The choice has fallen
upon Mr. Cowling, who is so strot.gly supported by
his own college that no opposition is antieipated.
Prom his published address we may gather the lead-
ing principles which he thinks it necessary to advance.
A decided Tory of the old school, and adhering to the
doctrines of Protection, he has little to say on the
questions of the present day—except to pledge himself
to an obstinate and uncompromising resistance to any
further concession to the Roman Catholics, as well as
to the removal of Jewish disabilities. Had the 'Uni-
versity been a close borough, under the dominion of

_____e_,ezeee,zeeee,eeeee
the Duke of Richmond, Mr. Cowling's manifesto cculd
not have displayed a more abject subserviency to the
exploded notions of a party which is rapidly disap-
pearing. But we should be unwilling to ascribe the
unanimity, with which he will probably be returned,
so fetich to the prevalence in the University of the
views which he entertains, as to the general unwill-
ingness to have a contested election, and to the pe-
culiar influence exercised by the large college of
which he is a member. St. John's is an establish-
ment second only, in numbers and importance, to
Trinity, with which it has for some years divided the
representation, to the complete exclusion of the
minor colleges. This practice, is, of course, very
prejudicial to the University, and often leads to the
election of members who do very little credit to the
graduates. The learning of Cambridge has, On con-
sequence, been represented by the infinite folly of a
beardless nobleman, or by a professional man of
scarcely respectable abilities, but who chanced to be
as good a candidate as could be found on the books of
his college. To avoid a contest, and to maintain the
system of dividing the Parliamentary honours of the
University, are, with many of the residents the chief
objects of importance. On the present occasion Mr.
Cowling has been brought forward because he is the
least unqualified person of the members of St. John's,
but not because he is the best man that could have
been found among the graduates of the University.
These arrangements are not very creditable, but they
serve to explain the proceedings which are now going
on, without its being necessary to conclude that the
political opinions of Mr. Cowling are the sole or
the chief cause of his good fortune His luck
consists in belonging to a college which is singu-
larly tenacious of what its members believe to be
their rights in the University, and which is
not deficient in electioneering skill. The master and
college officers of that foundation are always able to
guarantee a very large number of votes. According
to old established custom, clergymen and schoolmas-
ters can be brought from the uttermost parts of the
United Kingdom, not to express an opinion in favour
of this or that principle, but simply to support the
views of a clique of half a dozen people, who consti-
tute what is—in the eyes of the non-resident voters
—the College. At Trinity this foolish custom has
long since ceased to exist ; and, notwithstanding
the reasonable influence which the Master and Fel-
lows may be supposed to possess over a body with
whom they, in many cases, maintain no personal
friendships, it has been remarked that there the
votes follow the general divisions of opinion, and
that they are independent of college bias. It is,
however, otherwise at St. John's, where the mem-
bers are always strangely unanimous—an advan-
tage which was quite as valuable to Mr. Law, in
the last contest, as to the consistency with which he
defended the principles to which he was pledged.
With such a state of things, the return of Mr. Cow-
ling will, probably, be unopposed. Much dissatisfac-
tion has been expressed, however, with regard to the
selection of this gentleman as a candidate. The dif•
ferent sections of the Protectionist party are loud in
declaring their disapprobation of a man who, unques-
tionably, will add neither strength nor dignity to
their party. Some are discontented with the vague-
ness of his professions, and others, who carry into
politics the peculiar gentleness which distinguishes
theological discussions, are indignant that a gentle-
man who held a brief, on the Gorham side, in the
late proceedings before the Privy Council, should
solicit the suffrages of an orthodox University. Into
such questions we decline to enter. We must refer
the complainants to their own professor of casuistry,
who, from his experience as a writer of contro-
versy, will doubtless be able to show to what extent
a lawyer is justified in taking a professional part
in a theological dispute. Our own impression
is, that the learned counsellor accepted his brief with
all the impartiality of complete ignorance, and we trust
that academical opinion will not pronounce him to be
a heretic because he did his duty as an advocate. It
is a more just subject of complaint that, in all proba-
bility, Cambridge will be represented by a Member
without personal weight or influence. The most that
can be said in favour of the fortunate candidate is,
that he is a fair lawyer, and was a good mathemati-
cian. He has conferred very great distinction upon
the place of his education—be has done nothing to
entitle him to the confidence of such an important
constituency. His name is unknown ke politics,
science, or literature ; and his reputation as a lawyer
has never been sufficiently brilliant to penetrate be-
yond the narrow limits of the courts at Westminster.
His party anticipate from him no further services than
silent votes, which he is pledged to give in the cause of
religious persecution and commercial restriction. The
tparkoemin sueps
pwhich he h
t ie
al subjects
j
eeta madeulne
la u
yd
lastteo bin ell
feev,eatnhda
nbeu
uhna_s
andsequence
not
fr
uomf suggestions
eflt
iaotnt e. r i
He tdoo
ehsi sn
oatmpbirotifoe
sns,
an adhesion to that party in the Church who un-
doubtedly possess great vigour and earnestness. He
is not the exponent of any distinct principle in politics,
education, or religion. Ile does not enlist the sympa-
thies of High Churchmen or Evangelicals. In a
word, he does not come forward to represent any one
shade of the opinions which principally influence the
Church and the Universities ; while, as a politician,
he belongs to a class long since gone by. It is much
to be regretted that the peculiar relations of the dif-
ferent colleges should lead to so discreditable a re-
sult. It is true that some of the Burgraves of the
smaller colleges were disposed, at first, to resist the
pretensions of St. John's ; but the refusal of Mr.
Walpole to come forward induced them to relinquish
their opposition. It may be something to have
avoided the reproach of servile adulation, for
which the place is too notorious, but it would
seem that the University has only escaped
this danger to secure for itself a reputation
forintolerance and bigotry. If Mr. Cowling be re-
turned, those who are unacquainted with Cambridge
will conclude that the members of the University
are careless or ignorant of the movements going on
throughout the world at the present moment—that
they have no ambition to advance, and that they are
content to remain as they are. The University
which prcduced a Bacon, and which was
represented in Parliament by a Newton, is will-
ing to relinquish its high claims to estimation,
and its influence upon opinion, by accepting
foritsMember a bigot in religion and a mere partisan
in politics.
i Such are the humiliating effects of a
system which we can only regard as representing col-
leges instead of opinions. The college which has
brought forward Mr. Cowling distinguished itself a
few, years ago by discovering a new planet. Without
wishing to be uncharitable, we must admit that that
ancient foundation has been more fortunate in astro-
nomy than in politics. In the former case they made a
noble addition to modern science—in the latter, they
will have secured, by college intrigue, only a party
triumph of the most degrading character.

THE ARMY.
The following has been issued for the guidance of
nspectingAeld officers :

" 10th September, 1850.
" Sir,—lt having been brought under the conside-
ration of the Secretary-at-War that it is very desir-
able that the district staff sergeants when detached on
the duty of conducting recruits, should return with
all convenient speed from their journeys, so as to be
available for other duties at the district head-quarters,
I am directed to acquaint you that in all cases in
which the distance recruits are conducted by railway
does not exceed 100 miles from the district head-
quarters, or in cases where the distance is only slightly
above 100 miles, as between London and Bristol, and
London and Birmingham, &c., Mr. Maule considers
that the conducting staff sergeants should be dis-
patched by the first morning train, and after deliver-
ing over the recruits should return to their station the
same day, by which arrangement the sergeants will
be available without loss of time for other duty.
" The routes for the staff sergeants when sent on
this duty, instead of directing them to return ' with-
out delay,' should in future specify the hour of start-
ing, and the hour at which the sergeant should return
to his station, according to your discretion, with a due
consideration of the distance to be travelled, the hour
of starting, and of possible return, on the same day,
together with the nature of the duty, &c.; and the
Secretary-at-War requests that you will cause such
routes to be so prepared accordingly.—l have the
honour to be, Sir, your most obedient humble servant,
" L. SULIVAN.
" The Inspecting Field Officer of the —ser District."

The walls of Sunderland have been disfigured
within these few days, by the effusion printed below•—

EXCURSION TO IIELI:! ! !
(Do not smile. —Be serious.)
Under the special Patronage of " The God of this World,"
alias " The Devil,"

A CHEAP TRAIN

Will start every day in the week, and a " Monster Train"
on Sundays,
from the Station of Idleness, passing en route the
Pleasure Gardens of Religious Indifference,
under the dark and long but wonderful Tunnel of Infidelity,
and straight across the beautiful River of Good Conscience,
by the Devil's Bridge.
A splendid Band will be in attendance, and will play the
Royal Anthem of the Prince of this World,
entitled, " There's a Good Time Coming,"
The only Fare to the Journey's End is a Stupid and
Unawakend Conscience.
1*- No Return Tickets 1

Geyser steam-sloop, at Woolwich, was reported
complete on Saturday last.
Linnet, 6, packet-brig, Lieut.-Commander James,
beat out of Devonport Harbour on Friday morning,
and sailed direct for Falmouth.
Mngicienne steam-slcop, on her passage to Devon-
port from Sheerness, having burnt her platform be-
tween the boilers, it is ordered that, to prevent simi-
lar accidents, the platforms are to be covered with
metal.

Phaeton, 50, Captain Elliot, at Lisbon, has found
her spars defective.

Rosamond, 6, steam-sloop, at 'Woolwich, will be
out of the shipwrights' hands by the end of next
month, but will not be completed by the engineers'
department before the middle of November.
Trafalgar, 120, Captain the Hon. M. Stopford, is
reported complete ; but she has not yet completed her
advanced complement.
Vengeance, 84, Capt. Sir H. M. Blackwood, Bart.,
will be ready to go to Spithead by the second week
of October.

COAST Or AFRICA.
Teaser screw gun-vessel, Lieutenant-Commander
Selwyn, whose arrival at Queenstown from the coast
we reported on Saturday, was there on the 11th,
waiting until the weather moderated, the wind at that
time blowing hard from S.E. She has a number of
invalids on board; left Sierra Leone July 31.
Dolpin, 3, Lieutenant-Commander Temple, arrived
at Sierra Leone, after an excellent passage from' De-
vonport of 25 days, during three of which she was
becalmed off the Cape de Verds. After completing
provisions and water, she will sail to join the com-
modore at Ascension.

Hound, 8, Commander Patten ; Ranger, 8, Com-
mander Miller; and Prometheus, 4, steam-sloop,
Commander Foote, were at Sierra Leone 3d July.
On the 2d July another full slaver, prize to the
Ileela, having 350 on board (the second full prize
from the same vessel in less than a month, and the
ninth in about eight or nine months), arrived at
Sierra Leone.

Ranger, 8, Commander Miller, has been sickly.
The First Lieutenant and surgeon both invalided,
and were to go to Ascension, and thence to England
when sufficiently recovered. Mr. Pritchard (the
assistant-surgeon), who went out in the Prometheus,
was appointed to do duty in the Ranger.
By letters received from Ascension we find that the
Promethus, steam-sloop arrived at that island from
Sierra Leone on the 13th July, having on board
Lieutenant Helbey and the assistant-surgeon of the
Tortoise and some prize crews. Lieutenant Helbey
sailed in the Phoenix steam-sloop the same day, to
join his ship, the Philomel, on the south-coast station.
The assistant-surgeon joined his own ship, the Tor-
toise, at Ascension.

GIBRALTAR, SEP. 5. Her Majesty's steamer
Arrogant, Captain Robinson, three days from Lisbon,
arrived here on the 30th ult., and the Encounter,
Captain Gordon, six days from the Tagus, came in
the following day. The Arrogant sailed again on the
2d inst.

The French war steamer Lavoisier departed on the
31st ult.

The British steamer Brigand, 14 days from Con-
stantinople, touched here on the 2d on her way to
Liverpool.

The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company's
ship Pottinger arrived here on the 33, after a run of
five days from Southampton, and proceeded to .Malta
and Constantinople.
The Encounter and Janus steam-sloops remain in
the Bay.

PORTSMOUTH, SUNDAY.—The Board of Admiralty
have directed by a general order that all officers and
men passing through the ship-gun drill at the re-
spective divisions of Royal Marines should also be
instructed in the art of knotting and splicing, a most
beneficial regulation, which cannot fail to increase
the efficiency of both officers and men.
Very great discontent and inconvenience, as well as
considerable disappointment, has of late been expe-
rienced by visitors and residents here, in their endea-
vours to obtain an inspection of the royal yachts.
The local papers teem with complaints of the conduct
of tbe commanders, and from what we know, and
hear we believe the complaints are well founded.
Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence would do well to inquire
into the behaviour of his subordinate in this and
other matters, and we are certain that his Lordship's
investigation would result in the greatest advantage
and satisfaction to the public.
The Stromboli steam-sloop, Commander Lord
Amelius Beauclerk, will be paid off on Tuesday.
The Albatross, 12, Commander Farquhar, arrived
at St. Helena, from China, for England, on the 30th
of July.
WOOLWICH, SEPT. 14.—The Retribution steam-
frigate, Captain Warden, and the Dauntless steam-
frigate, Captain Halsted, are both under orders to
leave Portsmouth, in six or seven days, to loin Com-
modore Martin's squadron at Lisbon. The former
vessel has had about one hundred men employed upon
her during the last month, is now in excellent order,
and will carry four more guns than her original ar-
mament.

THE OSBORNE CRAVAT.—Of the numerous inven-
tions and ingenuities of these go-a-head days, none sur-
passes in elegance and comfort a cravat distinguished as
above. It is the introduction of this season by an eminent
hosiery firm in the City, since which it has almost entirely
superseded the clumsy old neckcloths, with their bulky
fold!, at the same time possessing a very superior and stylish
appearance, besides that its cost cannot be much from its
simplicity—an essential recommendation in itcelf ; it should,
therefore, command the patronage of all who study these
combined qualifications.

OXFORD, SEPT. 15.—We understand that the eke-
ion of a new president of Trinity College will take place at
he latter end of the week.

• IlleATßledrAt;4l4...k A 4.RICEV. r •
Mr. R. Webster, Sole I.e.ssc., and Man Alex, Old Brempton.
For a few n,gt:ts , Adclppi C..oalnar,•v and 4clolplai Pieces.
.

Emo: Pr:ce at I_ f;ht o'c.ock,
•
Will be performed _new Qouledy, in Three
entitled (;1P..0 DA ; or, t T4' e
Hughes; Don JaphetAela ; the brand
Duchess, ,liss Emma linnlP-41,01-.ttel,i..MCFs K. Fitzwillia.m.
tope, folio red, by 1.1010:4- TO GOOD LICK; or, An Irishman's
Fortune, rauleen O'llafforty, Mr. lim'.son ; C0at:1.21.0% Mr. lam-
berif Mr! Rom.. ; •
Afttr wkicli a home-made ~Kxtraysganza entitled-DOMESTIC
ECOZZOM Y. John Grtunly,7 Air. Wright; blrs. ;Gm:alb Mrs. F.
Ms hews-
To conclude with JOHN JONES.

ROYAL .OLYMPXC TAZA.TRE.
Great suedess' of Girls:dm t- Nlgili of a New' iarC‘.
. •
.

Will, he performed tA.IRA.LI)_A. ;,-,,frb., the Invisible; Husband, sap-
plrfe"...l bj#'3ldSsrs. tefgli Murray', D. C 06116, W. Farien, Jun., Couip
ton ; .llezdames. Stirling and Leigh Murray, Madlles. Louise and
After which :Ist time) THE OLDEST INH.I.BITANT, in Which
2deitris. W. Parren. ComptOn; Dfddea., Norton ; Mesdames Bartlett,
Adams, and Ellen Turner wilbaylpean, - , • ,
TA^A.opelude, with.the. PRINCES,SES I\ THE .T0W,E12.•

• - Antrirs ROYAL AS'FtritIEATRE.-
vtuid
....1:, .... • , Proprlctor. dlanager, Illt 'W. Batty. '• - '
Great No ln the Scenes ,-,of the
.Arena.
First /,. the tquestian Ladies' Fete.
Crowded Houses, to winiess the attractive and mainifieent Srectacle
of ditlazeppe, which, with ..brilliantinevelties to the Wonders of the
Arc-na, form the most varied and attractlye Entertainments in the
Me,tropolls, • 'WhiCh Will be COntinned a ,ew nights longer. Third
We of the accomplished :Vocalist, Mies Annie Hardie:. i' ' • -
Tals_;.K.ymi.xo, ,
`94llpe proliitcd Lbrd Dylon s gorgedus S.p.ectacle Of 3I..,S.ZEPI'A
end Thtt WILD HORSE. Marieop4,!liff. N. T. Hicki:- •
To he.succeeded, by_the;Equicezianiliagc.f.Fete, the Scenes of the
Circle beiu; performed and conducled,exclasively by the highly ta-
lented-Ten:tale Art`lig 6 roe Estagilfshthellt.l - '

To conclude with the pope r. entitled WARDOCK
• REMELSON.
Boa ofsce open From gleyezt till Fotu•
Stue Bisna,zet. 31r. NV. West. ' "

t..,id!=rl the
_rayon&Ko 9f ,h.gritM9o,lo4Faeiosis Majesty, his Royal
Highness Pitrice Mbgrt,.&c. &c.
ROYAL SURREY *t Okk&sox4CAL OARDENS.
11.VN2TRZ, 018 P& Y.Ll.nuEMOttiti.
LAST WEEK OF T. UNRIVAS.,I4.CD
-4pßint

OPEN every MObTer.A.Y,:TUESDA.T; WODNESDILY; and
V-140144)( ,
Proutgi"&ds Slidcess of tl'eTi4 entirely.pew-tr.odelled Dioramic
ture'reprezen'ing tr;e PASSACItA;( the* At PS by Napoleon and his
As4w,LLte Artn"i. Extare in; tligAltmidlimith innutrerab% moving
Figurii3 the iii,, Of *life. 31odellcd, ;alnied, prodneed by Mr.
D.lntdn tottd gelf:ts.473ted-bv Ittaa rk.'Alaitig; i 1 on,, tzc:&e. The
PiatiirZgit3,4Aceuolai the:liesio4o,llanatiietta4 many months, aria i is
canals-9AI" so.booltte,l to the tl. wje,.aicp,,shet-tvoenvt,t of art.. and not
it:rel./Or to aityproduitiom of the day,
4“‘7 ' AnotVer

oeen enriched by several
valiTilt;ei'Lrieotgnor'jiMtehift W9g;nifelate'd-by Mr. Godfrey. It will
be ttie:•lioSioL the -Ekahlialtni4hr4;ter oirer torthe ti o n bt the-
Subterel's Md,tite rablic,,44 Splondid Military riaottin tht
Kinglo ii ! ! TS'efezlef 'Cron the 1f..4.4d9 of 4.,r Majesty's Horse and
FoortAiarlls; tin& eMtAetat Oikstts n the jcofession. "
Tlvi4cgovingillskof!eogatroWntriViii,':ft is hoped;; corritince the,
the loakacknor4dged„e4si:•elee of, the Bond or this
Estarcifilfiertf•will be Pdlij inShithincn -The Repertoire of lilusic
wsll* exfene ve. ifriange‘t frOisi" tie most Pcipuiar
Operas in this awl other coalgrie4,.. go'§7players—:slessrs. Lazarus,
Proporre, Egerton, Crozier, Wcbb' &4).
Dirt*, ihe ievenitir a graeiff Loin id; Scenic, and Pyrotechnic
Tahlyippiiiiastra,fing the:cele:izatild vidura.bt David, of BUollaParte
Crossin4 the Alps! Showing a, gellefp,L„,vi,e,.w of the 4egion of-the
-stri7tching frofn the smnll' aronn:alnsle in the foreground to
the &star t snotv,elad.faionirtahli, ettrw-ded 1 thi3 SiaPtildents Mount
St. Bernard and Its far-farted ge,-,4o3tery,-;Aportion otrthe French
Army is firs: seen "in bivotiac.'' pief..-eoqs; the drr ms beat to arms,
and amid the clash of Military Bands and "'Martial Iftiete, the
compeiicethe Ascer.t. Thu Soisiturs•arosoen tira,gging the Artillery in
Trankso. pees, row ascendimehinosi,Jerpetidieular Heights, and
trav4iiitrYthe Monf Teri:fro R are overcome,
and !the Garant. Arnly is seep' pmlaktisits tour* to .the
plablfof Italpt ;
TheNv_ioleto conehnic with a torgeons "Pisplay cif. Fireworks, by
Messrs. Southbv, ini:roducing, amongstleilhas novelt'es, the most
admLned fei,tx Wet lifte of forruer2. setaceMtjaZ.s d'eAu, water rockets,
revoNin,- pieces, r fiaagntMceiut, Tr4traparency fifty feet in height,
pain6llro Iltisat,ri-Anton, relftestfirKg 131,briparte on Horseback
cheeriurcon hisi Troops, sat:oiftideil=liv-',iviu4liie eritbtems, hisiguie of
honoiar, flags„tiophies, ic3.0.3t, AfieilMegAtlon of varioas coloured
Brea.

The comolicated and cliOcni, ru,.Litiaiy;.-ii4d the erection of the
picture under the direct'on o. Mr. Thos Lowe. The extensive gas
fittinii by Messrs..lioicherby azd *Dixon, 23, Sing-street, Covent-
• • •
garde t.'
A JezigE,lon; A.

HIGH WATER Al .LONDOIT'BRIDGE.

Tan Dar Moznin; 52 min. after 9 j Evening 31 min. after 10
To•3foaaow-Morning 12 min. after 11 I Evening 48 rain. alter 11

TUE WEATHER.---Sini OF
,cc, SErrzmaEs 16.
THERIVIOMETSR, Zlv THE SHADS.
63—highest since noon•yesierdaY•
- •
44-40 i-est this morning glad during the night.
62—this day ~at noon.

BAROMETEP 30.32.
.3
Wnm E.N.E.—mcderate breeze and cloudy.

r.,C',
iN•
^-4.
r . '
7."' Al? ,• S-- - ' - •
iA.z::: _( -•7-". 7 1 . ,i_.--,,,.... i
a4-.P. --- --- ---'
r---54,, 44 4
lEu 4,71. 4t •to • • ~ .;p:,
• Roil•' • 2'