The Sun.
London, England, 1850-12-03 00:00:00

TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 3, 1850.

N. GUIZOT.

The Journal des Debars of Saturday devotes the
greater portioo of its 11/%4 page to the prefaces of M.
Guizot to his historical works entitled " Washington"
and " Monk." In both of these prefaces M. Guizot
alludes pointedly to the actual position of affairs in
France.

WASHING VON.
(I)2IEFI:CE TO THE NEW EDITION.)

"It was under the Monarchy, almost in the midst 0,
the councils of King Louis Philippe, that I rendered
homage to Washington, to the foundation of a great
Republic by a great man. In republishing it to-day, a
feeling of profound sadness comes over me.
" The more I behold, the more do I remai❑ convinced
that the Republic, a noble form cf government, is the
most difficult and most dangerous of governments.
"It is a form of government which demands from
Providence the most rare and favourable circumstances,
and from society itself the greatest harmony, wisdom,
and virtue.
" And even then it exposes society to many risks, and
chances numerous.
" The United States were anew society, which bad not
suffered stormy and divers transformations, which did not
bear the yoke of a long past, which had nothing to de-
stroy when it had a government to create.
" That young society was not surrounded by rivals,
scarcely by neighbours. Immensity of free space was
spread before it, open to the wants and to the passions
of man.

" For a long time in its internal affairs it bad pos-
sessed and practised the Republican form of government.
It only knew Monarchy by name, beyond the ocean, as a
respected denomination, rather than a necessary and ex-
tant power.

" i7hen it commenced a struggle against thmt power,
it was to resist iniquitous pretensions, to defend its
rights, legal rights of old standing.
" The citizens of that society, rich and poor, enlight-
ened or ignorant, were nearly unanimous in favour of a
Republican form of government.
" They were Christians in heart as well as in name.
At the moment they broke with their king, they lived in
humility before God, the King of kings.
"It was thus that the Republic of the United States
was founded,

" And in despite of so many advantages, if it had been
placed in our hemisphere instead of its own, compressed
between the great states of Europe, instead of expanding
itself freely like its rivers in its forests and in its
plains, the doubt is warranted whether it could have
been founded, and could Eve paceful and glorious as it
has lived.

" To-day France is undergoing the unexpected experi-
ment, with a Constitution which would cause disorder in
the best regulated society, of that form of government
which America selected from her free choice, according
to her natural inclinations, adapted to the unexampled
situation accorded to her from on high.
`• Will the Republic of 1848 attain the destinies of the
Republic of Washington? This is the question which is
now being discussed.

" The Republic has been given a fair trial. Notwith-
standing its origin, men of every shade of opinion en-
trenched themselves behind it as behind a rampait for
their common defence, and for the defence of society in
general against its mortal enemies. The Republic exists
in the nsme and in the interests of that order which it
has destroyed. It had no right to expect such good
luck. Will it turn it to account? Will it know how,
with perseverance, to practise a firm policy of conserva-
tion and reconstruction? France invokes it! It suffices
not for the foundation of a Government that it daily
saves society from destruction; it must deliver society
from the daily fear of perishing, and open to it the pro-
spect of a long and peaceful existence.
" I speak netther of liberty nor glory. I hope, how-
ever, that France will not learn to dispense with either.
" GIJIZoT.

"Au Val Richer, Oct., 1850."
MONK.
" THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC.

"This was not originally written fur publication. It
was an historical study, the sole object of which was to
ascertain for my own information the precise causes
which led to the restoration of the Monarchy in England
in 1660, and the character of the man who accomplished
that great event. In 1837 some friends induced me to
permit its insertion in the Revue Francais. It has never
to-ti published separately or completely.
"In 1837 it was simply of historical interest; to-day it
has an additional interest.

" What a strange position is that of France! She is
sick of revolutions; stability is all she desires; and yet
four or five questions, each of which implies a revolution,
live in the minds, and are upon the lips of all.
" Can the Republic be founded?
" Can the Monarchy be re-established?
" What Monarchy? The Empire or tho House of
Bourbon?
" What branch of the House of Bourbon? The elder
or the junior, or both together, by mutual agreement?
"If what France desires is stability, why does she
moot all these questions? Lot her suppress them, and
be satisfied with what is. If she has no faith in the
stability of the existing state of things, why does she
not make a choice between the questions that are
mooted?

"Is it perchance that these questions admit neither of
suppression nor solution?
" Of all conditions this would be the worst, for we
should then be condemned to immovability with anxiety,
without faith either in the present or in the future.
"I cannot believe, I really do not believe, that such is

the ststs of my country.
" There is little resemblance between France of 1850
and England of 1660, and I have no intention of holding
up one as an example to the other, though I have been
at times accused of a wish to do so. France has her
own destinies and good genius; let her adhere to them
with confidence.

" But there is something which rises above all the
diversities of destiny and guardianship something
which is always and everywhere equally necessary.: it is
a political spirit—that is to say, cunmou sense, which in
politics as elsewhere, for nations as for individuals,
alone ensures success, final and durable success.
" A twofold common sense contributed to the restore-

tionjf the Monarchy in Englind in 1660; the common
sense of a man, and the common sense of the country,
or, to speak more precisely, of the monarchists of the
country.
"In England, two hundred years ago, it was also said
that Monarchy had vanished for ever, and that the Re-
public alone was possible. Monk recognised the falsity
of the assertion. lie had faith in the Monarchy whilst
the Republic was in power, when every one around him,
honestly or hypocritically, spoke of nothing but the Re-
public. And when, on the death of Cromwell and the fall
of his son Richard, the question of preference between
the two forms of government was put, Monk decided for
the Monarchy.

an
The)erh superficial
sepdprei
oelarntl
neoacs
dhaoaoe:tuuesbiidedntergevul rlepteerooes beenwunmhsetaravhdd:e,srhs
uatstvt:"
jee
eecrdcovotn.e:
objecttsoetodennhdekoe
,tfisohna
rash
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instant
view, had resort to so much double-dealing that preju-
ll
or
d
acdye d M
have(
and resolute Flan. But a careful study of events and do-
cumentslution was taken from the very first; and whatever he
mfrom his purpose. His mind was made up and his plans
fixed when all around him doubted and hesitated. It was
his first act of political common sense.
" Monk, though decided, was patient. To insure suc-
cess he waited. A warrior and wielding an army, he
firmly and resolutely determined not to renew the dis-
astrous scenes of civil a ar. He saw that to restore the
Monarchy cn a firm basis it should be done peacefully.
naturally, as a national necessity, the last harbour of
refuge of the country. In the teeth of ill-concealed im-
patience and distrust, he was calm, collected, awaiting
the moment for the era to take place, as it were, of its
own accord. And when the act was accomplished,
Monk desired that victor sine sanguine should be in-
scribed upon the rolls that chronicled his fortune and
his glory.
" The Monarchists also showed their common sense.
Their position was more simple than it is at the present
moment with us. They did wit hesitate between
three monarchies. They only wished for one, an
one the same. But their ranks were not the less divided.
Some had made the Revolution, others bad combated it.
They had fought fiercely against each other, either for
or against the King whose son they wished
tdwothoart
Different passions, interests, and ideas divined
They adjourned thtir dissensions. Until the day of
success they reduced their ideas, their passions, and their
to restore.th em.
interests to the one idea that pervaded them all. They
subjected what they would have preferred to that which
they wished for in common. This is the key to the
community of action of the factious.
"The English Royalists went a step further. In the
pursuit of their object they placed their confidence in a
tmaamnistwrahsotm. theyjueak
had mistrusted,
served
were enveloped in impenetrable mystery. His acts often
the Republic, Cromwell, the Parliament. His actions
twhheoKmi theyng,
th
the
Ra de r sal
artiigehat,
belied his words. lie told the most barefaced false-
hoods with a confidence that startled his most faithful
followers. The Monarchists did not know what to make
of him, and wavered between hope and fear. Neither
their doubts nor their fears, nor the impenetrable con-
duct of Monk, made the Royalists deviate from their
fine of conduct, Monk was the man they wanted, and
whom their very position imposed upon them. Alto-
gether, they had more reason to hope in him than to
mistrust him. It was another necessity imposed upon
them. They were aware of it, and accepted it. They
did not give themselves up to him hands and feet
bound ; but they cautiously seconded his views, enticing
him without compromising him. They listened to his
counsel, vigilant but quiet behind him, as the leader of
their choice;
for a loader is necessary to carry out such
plans; and the only leader is he who is allowed to have
his own way and is supported in it.
" The success responded to the prudent conduct of the
Monarchists and of their leader.
" Nations, parties, or individuals, men deceive them-
selves in two different but equally fatal respects--the
great circumstances of their destinies. At times unde-
cided and discouraged, they give way to despondency,
remain [missive and powerless spectators, and al audou
themselves fully to what, in theirfaith or their folly, they
call Providence, fatality, or chalice. At other times,
confident and hot-headed, they follow the bent of their
imaginations and of their desires, believing that nothing
can resist them or prevent them from succeeding as they
hope and expect. Roth errors are neither tolerated nor
left unpunished by God. lie wishes man to have a hand
in the management of his own affairs, to share the labour
and the risk°. Nur will he allow men to flatter themselves
,that they can *bend t,vsnts to suit. their whims or their
interests. Those who do nothing to help ibecnsoves, but
trust to' Providence to delitkii:thete from th'.ir troubles,
tfra left unaided. Those whose piesurtiption bids them
,uttempt thti 'aCnOnsplishment of all 'tlsey desire, meet'
with obstsclis and cheeks which make them aware that
there are other interests at work to be respected stud
considered. A sound policy cootie to in recognising

EXTRAORDINARY ESCAPE FROM THE
PENTONVILLE (MODEL) PRISON.
A convict named George Hacket, who has attained
considerable notoriety amongst the police in the me-
tropolis, and who, it will be recollected, succeeded i❑
getting out of a cell at the Marlborough-street Police-
court a short time since, contrived on Sunday even-
ing to escape from the Model Prison at Pentonville,
under circumstances that at present appear most
mysterious. Few felons have created more interest
of late years at the London Police• courts than Hacket,
and probably the subjoined particulars of his career
may not be deemed uninteresting. The convict is
the son of a streetkeeper in Dowgete ward. He com-
menced his career of crime by smuggling, and some
dczen convictions are recorded against him at the
Mansion-house and Thames Police. He then attached
himself to a gang of marauders, and the amount of
depredations they committed was enormous. Pos-
sessing themselves of light chaise carts and swift
horses they drove about the principal streets of the
metropolis, and their respectable appearance and the
vehicle disarmed all suspicion. Hacket was first dis-
covered to be connected with this gang in the latter
part of 1847, when he was captured in the act of
stealing a chest of tea from a shop in Hart-street,
Bloomsbury-square. He was tried, convicted, and
sentenced to nine months' imprisonment. At the ter-
mination of his sentence he again joined the gang.
He was known to have been concerned in several
burglaries which subsequently took place, more par-
ticularly that which was committed on the morning
of the 27th of last March, on the premises of Messrs.
Hardy, No. 125, New Bond-street, on which occa-
sion property to the amount of 3001. was stolen.
'Jacket was seen by a labourer who was engaged in
some repairs of a house on the opposite side of the
way to enter the premises with two other persons,
leaving a third in charge of a light cart. They soon
returned with the plunder, and placing it in the ve-
hicle, drove cff. A constable came up at the time,
and his attention being called to the circumstance, he
gave chase, but they eluded the vigilance of the
officer. Some few weeks afterwards George Trew,
No. 21 of the City force, met Hacket driving down
Bishopsgate-street in a cart, with two other men.
He stopped it and attempted to capture Hacket, who
drew a life-preserver, and by a murderous attack on
the officer compelled him to release his hold, and he
then escaped. In the course of a few nights he was
again seen in the City by another officer,, named
John Storey, No. 414 of the City Police. He was
accompanied by several of his gang, and had two
light carts waiting at the corner of Queen-street,
Upper Thames-street, and no doubt intended some
robbery in the neighbourhood. The officer, after a
severe struggle, managed to effect his capture, and
the fallowing day the Lord Mayor, hearing of the
charge of burglary against him, directed his removal
to Marlborough-street Police-court, where he under-
went an examination, and was remanded till the fol-
lowing week. Upon being again brought up he was
locked up in one of the cells attached to the office,
but when the time arrived for his being taken before
the magistrate it was discovered' that he had escaped
from the cell along with another man. The authori-
ties instituted an inquiry, and it turned out that a
turnkey had received a large sum of money to effect
his liberation, and he was discharged. Nothing was
heard of Hacket, until the 29th of May, when the
officer Storey, who was passing over London-bridge,
saw him lying at the bottom of a cart, which was
also proceeding over the bridge. The officer
immediately stopped the vehicle, and called upon
Hacket to surrender, who jumped out of the cart
and endeavoured to get away. The officer overtook
him in Thames-street, and a desperate struggle en-
sued. Hacket drew a formidable life-preserver, and
by beating the constable over the head nearly mur-
dered him. The bystanders fortunately secured the
fellow, and on being examined at the Mansion-house,
he was committed to Newgate for trial for attempting
to murder Storey. He was tried before Baron
Alderson, found guilty, and sentenced to fifteen years'
transportation, his Lordship allowing the officer a re-
ward for the courage and zeal he had displayed in
arresting the convict. Whilst in Newgate be made
preparations to effect an escape, but his plan being
discovered, ho was placed in a cell of greater security.
From :Newgate he was conveyed to the Model
Prison at Pentonville, and after two attempts has
succeeded in getting out of the gaol under circum-
stances that have led the authorities to suspect that
some of the turnkeys have been tampered with.
It appears that since his confinement in this poi
he was placed in one of the usual cells or dormi-
tories under the immediate surveillance of the prison
officers. We cannot state what opportunities he had
of a scertaining the construction of the cells, but it is
certain that shortly after his incarceration he devised
a scheme to release himself. By some unexplained
means he managed to obtain possession of part of the
blade of a knife, and with other appliances he, some
week or so since, contrived to cut through three mas-
sive iron bars which secured the window of his cell,
and it is persumed that he was on the eve of pre-
paring to escape when his scheme was detected. He
was at once removed to another part of the gaol,
where he proceeded to devise other means of accom-
plishing his object.
On Sunday evening Hacket attended service in the
chapel, commencing at half-past six o'clock and con-
cluding at eight. Service being finished, the usual
mustering of the con"icts took place, when it was
found that Hacket was missing. Search was made,
and on examining the walls of the prison it was
ascertained that he had escaped and had got clear.
At first it was a matter of great surprise how he
could have got out of the chapel unobserved, having
been distinctly seen in his seat, and it was only by
finding the sheets of his bed, a rope, and his clothing
on the parapet-wall that his mode of escape was
detected. It appears that by some means he
managed to wrest off the spring of the door of
his cell, which he formed into a " jemmy," and con-
templating some hazardous task, he concealed about
him a weight and the sheets and rope of his bed,
which he must have wrapped round his body under
his clothes. As soon as be was conducted to his seat
he must have slipped down off his seat on to the floor-
ing, and by the " jemmy" and weight forced out the
boarding. Having got under the gallery he met a
serious obstacle in the shape of a zinc ventilator, but
this soon gave way, thus enabling him to descend to
a small closet beneath. A window with trifling pro-
tection afforded him access to the parapet wall some
few feet below. Gaining it, he proceeded along it to
one of the main walls, fifty or sixty feet long, com-
municating to the Governor's house, on the north
side of the prison. Reaching the end be by some
means must have got on to the roof of the house, a
height of more than six feet from the wall. Having
obtained this point all obstacles were apparently at an
end. He divested himself of the prison clothing,
save his trousers and blue shirt, and with the
" jemmy," rope, sheets, &c., left them on the roof,
and by sliding down one of the gable-end walls got
clear of the gaol.
The moment his escape was discovered, the Go-
vernor dispatched officers to the different police sta-
tions with a full description of his person. The most
vigilant search was made for him throughout yester-
day, but up to a late hour last night not the least
tidings had been gleaned of his whereabout.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
T A TTERSALL'S —YESTERDAY.
The following brief enumeration includes the whole of
the business transacted yeste►day:—
WORCESTER sTeepnEcriasE.
4 to 1 aget British Yeoman
6 to 1 agst Mullingar
CHESTER CUP.
750 to 25 agst Rhesus, 1,000 to 20 each agst Clarissa,
Cossack, Montague, and Wallflower, and 1,000 to 15 aget
Won't-you-come-out•to night.
DERBY.
500 to 100 aget Mr. H. Hill's Grecian—taken
800 to 100 agst Mr. Halford's Prime Minister
600 to 50 agst Mr. Osbaldeston's Mountain Sylph 0)11
—taken
2,000 to 45 agst Mr. Meiklam's Constellation—taken
1,000 to 20 aget Mr. Hill': Ipsus—taken
1,000 to 20 agst Baron Rothschild's Tearaway colt—t
1,000 to 20 agst Mr. St.Georgo'e Brother to Chanticleer
—taken

NEWMARKET COURSING MEETING (CON-
CLUDED).-SATURDAY.
The All aged Stakes.
Deciding Course—Lord Stradbroke's Merchant bt
Mr. Holmes's Mocking Bird, and won the stakes.

THE CASE OF MR. BARBER.--011 Tuesday a
number of gentlemen belonging to the legal profession in
this town held a meeting at the Clarendon-rooms, to receive
from Mr. Barber a statement of his case. The circum-
stances cf Mr. Barber's case have already been published
in the newspapers. After many years' practice as a soli-
citor, Mr. Barber was convicted of forgery, and transported;
he afterwards received a full pardon from the Crown, cir-
cumstances having subsequently transpired to establish his
innocence. The chair was occupied by Sir George
Stephen, and among those present [were Mr. J. B.
Aspinall, barrister, Mr. J. Yates, jun., Mr. Pemberton,
Mr. Bretherten, Mr. Owen, Mr. Grocott, &c., &c. Mr.
Barber entered into a long explanation of his case, which.
was considered perfectly satisfactory to the meeting.
After some remarks from Mr. Aspinall, Mr. Evans, Mr.
Grocott, Mr. Bretherton, Mr, Yates, and the chairman,
resolutions were adopted expressing an opinion that -far.
Barber was entirely innocent of the offence which had
been charged against him.—" That while it was not
the province of this meeting to consider the compensation
to which he is entitled for the injury ho has sustained, it is
the unquestionable duty of his professional brethren to
protest against the doctrine that solicitors are to be ens-
pected of complicity \with the offences of their clients,
without evidence of guilty knowledge, and only because
tley may happen to be professionally emplo3 ed. And
that the chairman be requested to communicate to Mr.
Barber .the earnest hope of this meeting that,he may expe-
rience no further llitiCUlty n gcertitic",and
such redress fur hi Unmerited sufferings as 'may be deemed.
just." he proceedings terminated With a vote of thanks to
the chairinan.—Livcrpooklitcrcur
PROLIFIC Pottaill.--A. correspondeOt, iA Mussel-
burgh informs us that he has in his possession a sow vehich
produced the other day at onelitter twenty-two-uary last, the
The same animal lls Masse
n u 9 etr:
total produce of yiiiiaschh4dic,trlstrye.eoliistbte;rpgion,c__ezacin young6rh