The Sun.
London, England, 1850-10-19 00:00:00

TURKEY.

A letter from Smyrna, of the 30th ult., states that
another revolt has broken out in the island of Samos.

According to an official report to the Servian
Government, the Bulgarian deputation sent to Con-
stantinople have obtained the following concessions:-
1. All the Bulgarians who have been imprisoned
but not found culpable shall be set at liberty.
2. Most of the functionaries shall be dismissed, and
replaced by others who shall be recommended by the
inhabitants.
3. All soccage is abolished. No one can be com-
pelled to deliver wood, coals, or any other articles.
4. The Spahis (Turkish cavalry soldiers), when
collecting the tithes, shall not accept from the people
anything but water. They shall, like all travellers,
take their meals at the hotel.
5. Mahometan priests are forbidden to receive any
converts to the Mussulman faith, without the consent
of their families.
6. Christians shall possess the same right as Mus-
sulmen to give evidence.
RESCHID PACHA, who was the bearer of these laws,
was received with enthusiasm by the Christian popu-
lation of Nissa. Since his arrival he has ordered these
laws to be published and put into force.

MO.NEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.
The Cotton market at Liverpool yesterday was steady,
and ciosed with rather more animation. The sales were
estimated at 6,000 bales.—ln Rsilway Shares a fair
amount of busin's was transacted at steady quotations.
The amount cf the Bank of England note circulation
was increased last week, but this was not the result of
any extension of loans on " other securities," but of the
usual appropriation from the " rest" for the dividend
due on Bank Stock. The public and private deposits
pretty nearly balanced each other as respects increase
and decrease, but there was a repayment of loans made
for the period of the shutting which caused a diminution
under the head of " other securities." The reserve of
notes was diminished to some extent, and also the bul-
lion. The return under notice, is to the 12th instant,
and therefore does not come down to the date of the
dividend payments, which will cause the next weekly
statement to show important changes. Compared with
the previous week, the following alterations are exhi-
bited:—

Notes Ls ued
Decrease ...

... 29,698,405
... 133,080
... 3,059,794
Decrease ... ... ... 506,34 A
Public Deposits ... ... ... 10,694,649
Increase ... ... ... 41,712
Other Deposits ~. ..• ... 8,850,077
Decrease ... ... ..• 49,213
Seven Day and other Bill; ... 1,319,576
Increase ... •• •• • 9,015
Government Securities, ... no alteration
Other Securities ... ... ... 13,194,789
Decrease ... ... ... 194,789
Notes ••• •.. ... ... 10,231,025
Decrease ... ... ... 296,010
Bullion ... ... ,•• ... 16,305,050
Decrease . . ... ••• 147,109
Active Circulation ... ... 19,467,380
Increase ... ... ... 162,930
The exchanges upon the principal continental cities
were lower again yesterday afternoon, that is, against
the merchants having bills to dispose of. This is a
matter that has attracted some attention lately, the de-
cline having been continuous ; and although there is ab-
solutely nothing in it to excite uneasiness, it certainly
betokens the action of some adverse cause which, whe-
ther temporary or likely to be of duration, deserves re-
mark. It has been stated in explanation, that certain
financial operations have been pending in aid of one or
two leading Governments, and that this throws more
paper upon the market, besides drawing away specie ;
otherwise with the large arrivals we have had recently
from South America and distant parts there would,
doubtless, have been a fuller amount in the Bank of
England, as we have not taken such heavy supplies
lately of foreign grain as to render it out of our power
to liquidate the same to the greater extent by barter.
This may be the correct solution of an apparent pro-
blem, since it is notorious that Russia, Austria, and
other states have been severely tried in their resources,
and have little chance of obtaining loans at home. The
quotations for ninety days' paper have been as fol-
lows :—Paris, 26 42i to 474 ; Antwerp, 25 42i to 45 ;
Hamburgh, 13 9f to i ; Frankfort, 1191 to i ; and
Trieste, 12 4to 8. It may be observed, that so far as
the mere parting with two or three millions of bullion
is concerned, the Bank would experience actual relief
and increase of profit, though every one likes to sea a
high amount in its coffers, and looks about inquiringly
when it dwindles.
The weekly railway traffic returns show, in the ma-
jority of instances, a smaller amount of increase over
the corresponding period of 1849 than upon some pre-
vious occasions recently ; but this important truth yet
stands prominently forward—there is an increase, and
no slight one either, while the additional mileage comes
steadily into play as a productive power, instead of an
absorbent of the profits of the existing trunk lines.
There has been submitted to the attention of compe-
tent judges in the City certain elucidations of book-
keeping, in so far as the principles of " balancing" are
concerned, that teem to afford a very useful guide to
the younger officials in mercantile establishments. The
writer (Mr. G. W. Boulter, who is a practical man)
states, " that he has been frequently applied to for his
assistance in balancing a set of books. The applicants,
in such cases, have been mostly young clerks, who
having managed to keep a set of books, with tolerable
accuracy, have yet, when called upon to balance the
ledger, found themselves incompetent. This incompe-
tency arises from various causes, but chiefly from their
not having ithoroughly studied the principles of book-
keeping. An idea exists that a young man should not
learn book-keeping until he enters a counting-house, and
that when once he gets into an office he will soon ' pick
up' the necessary knowledge. There cannot be
a more erroneous idea, as a clerk who trusts
to this method of learning book-keeping soon discovers,
for although the details may' vary, yet the general p
ciples of book-keeping must be the same in every busi-
' tress; and unless these general principles are well un-
derstood the young book-keeper cannot balance his
books correctly. These general principles, therefore,
should be thoroughly studied. either under a teacher or
from some of the many works written on the subject.
Having done so, the young clerk may then reasonably
expect to be able to balance his ledger."
The author then illustrates the method of" getting the
balance," always a tedious and dreaded operation in mer-
cantile houses, in the subjoined manner:—
" In the ledger we find two distinct classes of account,
the one showing the trader's assets and liabilities, as in
single entry, and the other showing his gains and losses,
as peculiar to the system of double entry. To the for-
mer class belong the accounts of ' cash,' bills receivable,
bills payable, William Bone, and Charles Nixon; and to
the latter class belong the accounts of cotton, merchan-
dise, adventure to New Yoik, sugar per Vixen, wine in
Co., charges, and commission. By these two classes of
accounts we are able to prove the correctness of the
ledger. From the former class we find that T. Dent is
worth 2,485 i.; now, this amount should be equal to the
amount of his original capital and his gains. From the
second class of accounts we find he has gained 4851.,
and this, added to his original capital, 2,0001., does equal
our former result, thus proving the accuracy of our ba-
lance. Hence the process of balancing this ledger con-
sists in collecting together the assets and liabilities, and
the gains and losses. The former are collected into the
balance account, and the gains and losses into an account
termed profit and loss."
An attempt is making in the City to supply a want
much felt, via., an " Universal Club of all Nations,"
several influential firms having promised their support.
The accounts from Manchester report a little more
doing for India in textile fabrics, but otherwise no acti-
vity, The Leeds market was rather dull, but an average
business was doing for the season. At Bradford trade
was tolerably active.
The Amsterdam Stock Market on the 17th was firm.
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 561. Spanish Bonds
were without alteration, and Peruvian Deferred higher

Rest

again.
The exports of bullion, direct from London this
week, and to Thursday last, comprised 132,472 ounces
of silver, and 18 ounces and 1001. of gold, chiefly to
Holland and Belgium.
The English Securities have been rather duller, but
are supported tolerably well. Consols 973 11 for Tues-
day, and 97 for Account. The New Tnree-and-a-
Quarter per Cents. were 98i to 991, and the Three per
Cents. 96i Exchequer-bills have touched 71s.
premium. India Bonds are 89s. to 91s. premium. Bank
Stock is 2101 to 211, and firm.
The Foreign Market is likewise rather quieter.
Mexican have been supported at 311 1; Peruvian are
821 to I ; Brazilian Old Bonds have been 903; Spanish
Three per Cents. have been 38k; Dutch Four per Cents.
have been in request at 881 to 89k. Railway Shares
hare been rather heavy, and in most cases cheaper.
la English mining shares this week a good business
has been done, and dividend-plying concerns are firm at
full prices.

QUARTER TO THREE.
... ... ... 91

Consols •••
Ditto Account

ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUND* O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Balk to
3 :61- Cent. Reduced Anne. ... 963 A % 96%
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities........ 971 % 97%
New 3!4 per Cent. Aim 5......— ...... 99 % 98% 99 tf4 99%
Lo ig Anna. to expire J an. 1860 ...... 7 13-16 7 13-16
IR du Bonds, 1,0001 9l 89 p 89 p
Cmsols for Account 97N % 97%
:,..g.chequer Bills. 1%,i. & 2d
1,0001. June 6B 71 p
500/. June — P
Small. June

ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES.
8r kzinan bonds
Chilian Bonds 6 per Cent .... . —
Ditto, 3 per Cent....... 623/4
Mexican, 5 per Cent.lB46, with Coupons—
Ditto, Ex Jan. Coupons ....
Ditto, Account
Peruvian bowls, 4% per Cent —
Ditto. Account .. 82%4411 8914.
33 37% P73/4
Ditto, Deferred ....d
Portuguese 5 per Cents. ..... —
Ditto, 4 per Cent.
Ditto, Account
Russian Bonds •-•
Ditto, 41,4 per Cent ............... 57%
Spanish 5 per Cont. 1840 . -7
Ditto. 3 per Cent
Ditto, Account ' 38%
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch 21,6, per Cent., 12 Guild. 573/4 58 58
rlitto, 4 per Cent. Certificates 8834 89!4i 8914
Ditto, Bonds ... 871 AL 87%
PRICES OF PAID. BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES. AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
AberdeAn ... . .............. 50 -
Do. Preference........ .81. 61. Bd.. 1% die l% die.
Amber. Nott., Boston,
and Eastern JUnction 84..~
Ayrshire and Galloway.. 7 % ....
Belfast & County Down 32 ...... ...,
Berks & Hants , Extens.
(Gt. West. Per.s per ct.) 6 - —
Birmingham and Ox-
ford Junct., calls duly
paid, or with a guaran. 20 —
Do, without guarantee 20
Birming, Wolverh'ton,
and Dudley, calls duly
pd, or wLtu guarantee 15
Do.without guarantee 15
Birming.,Wolverh'pton,
and Stour Valley 131. 14s ...
Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire Junc.... 26
Bristol and Exeter 100 ••...•
Buckinghamshire ...... 17%
••• ......... .••
Caledonian
Do. New 101. Prof....- 10
Ditto,Clydesdale June 50
Chest r and Holyhead... 50
Ditto, Preference
Clarence
Direct London & Ports-
mouth - .....
Dublin and Belfast Junc. 45
Dundalk& Enniskillen 30