The Sun.
London, England, 1868-11-05 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 5, 1868.

in his favour, and this almost as much with the
Democrats as with the Republicans. As the greatest
soldier of the North, he conducted the Federals
to victory, it is true, to crushing and de-
cisive victory, over the Confederates. But, to the
very last, he showed himself to he a noble foe in his
whole conduct towards the vanquished South. And
the triumphs won by him, overwhelming as they were,
have left no heartburnings behind them—have left
only, in his regard, the cherished remembrance that in
ULYSSES GRANT, ROBERT LEE found " a foeman
worthy of his steel," and one by whom LEE'S
resplendent qualities as a General in the
field were, to the full appreciated. Once
the war was fairly over, the glory won by the
opposing armies became the common property of the
re-United States. And nowhere, as we conceive, is
the fair, unsullied fame of STONEWALL JACKSON, for
example, regarded with higher admiration than
throughout those very States in the North which sent
forth the most eagerly their serried hosts against him
to cross swords with the great Confederate General's
Ironsides upon many a field now of historical re-
nown. As the Northern States can and do now look
back with the highest admiration upon the strategical
achievements of General LEE, as the Commander-
in-Chief of the Confederates, for long successful,
but eventually conquered—so now may and will
the Southern States (what though they were fated
to be brought into subjection through his instrumen-
tality) regard, without one moment's sense of
chagrin, certainly without one moment's conscious-
ness of anything like self-abasement, the glory and
honour won to himself, by General GRANT in his
capacity as LEE'S successful antagonist.
It was immediately upon the occasion of one of the
last grand triumphs of the Republicans as a political
body—upon the occasionn, amely, of the election of
theircandidate, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, on the 4th Novem-
ber, 1860, to the President's chair—that there followed
thatsecession of eleven slaveholding States in the South,
which brought about with such deadly rapidity the
great Civil War which raged from 1861 to 1865 upon
a scale of such colossal magnitude. As a conse-
quence of that very war, however, a war so far
beneficent in its results that it accomplished the
Abolition of Slavery throughout all those free States
of North America, there is no room now to dread
any evil whatever as likely in any way to arise from
this new triumph won by the Republicans over the
Democrats. There is, in truth, a particular signifi-
cance in the fact that upon the occasion of this last
contest between the Democrats and the Republicans,
this contest which was brought to a conclusion only
as recently as yesterday, the latter, that is the Re-
pnblicans, felt in no way constrained, as they did in
1860, to form themselvesinto "Wide-awake Clubs" for
purely electioneering purposes, or, in other words, to
ensure as effectually as possible the triumph of their
chosen candidate. Tne result now has not belied
the confident anticipations felt all along in regard
to General GRANT'S candidature by the great mass of
the Republicans.
Newly informed as we have but just been here in
England—in the twinkling of an eye through that
wonderful submarine cable trailed along the bed of
the Atlantic—that in one day's time the candidates
have been proposed, and that Gen. GRANT has been
elected President, with Mr. S. COLFAX as his Vice-
President—we read certainly without surprise, but
certainly with no inconsiderable amazement the com-
ment which is made to-day in the following words in
reference to that extraordinary fact by the chief of
our contemporaries :—" It is a wonderful result of ,
science and social organisation," says the Times," that
the opinions of an immense population should be
taken in a single day over a territory as large as all
Europe, and that in less than 24 hours after the
close of the polls the issue of the contest, with the
approximate number of votes given in each State,
should be known in the capitals of the Old World."
Our contemporary adding, " Such a triumph of civili-
sation is more impressive than the event which is thus
recorded, and it causes us to remember how inde-
pendent of political action are the forces which most
impel the human race in the path of progress."
The secret of all this being—what? Why that
the political miracle has been accomplished by
means and through the agency of the BALLOT Box !
It is the same in France under an Imperial Auto-
cracy, as yonder in America under a Confederated
Democracy. No brawling, no drunkenness, no broken
heads, no brickbats, no rotten eggs, foul words, bru-
tality, wrangling, and all uncharitableness, but—
calmly, silently, rapidly, with the utmost
precision, the whole electoral body, mind,
heart, head, acting like a piece of won-
derfully elaborated but exquisitely adjusted
machinery—the Candidates are proposed and the
Elections are accomplished. It is by means of the
Ballet box, and by means of the Ballot box alone
that " the opinions of an immense population" are
thus " taken in a single day over a territory as large
as all Europe." And this without any one among
the candidates, whether chosen or rejected,
being directly or indirectly one farthing,
one cent the poorer--without any need for
the public-houses being opened for the free
and independent electors to liquor up at the bar
ad libitum, at anybody else's expense but their own.
As to the transmissTon of the news of the result
within so brief an interval afterwards, to all the
capitals of the Old World—that miracle, of course,
is discernably the world's, through the Electric
Telegraph. That is the triumph of Science !
But the triumph of Civilization to which our con-
temporary refers in the same breath, is as undeniably
traceable to the benign agency of the Ballot Bo x
The fact is worthy of recalling thus vividly to mind
now that we are upon the eve, here in England, of
our own General Election of members to the Com-
mons House of Parliathent.

A c 0 UNTRY rarely knows its greatest man. England,
we suspect, does not know the Vicar of Darlington,
and yet this gentleman—his name is JOHN
GARENCIERES PEARSON—ought to be known. lie
has just made a notable discovery ; he has dis-
covered a race of men possessed of all the virtues
and none of the vices ; a race which,
if a jealous Legislature would only give
it fair play, would regenerate this great empire,
and banish poverty and disease and sin from between
the four seas. This race is one with which we
thought that we were all tolerably familiar. We ought
to know it. It stands, like Wisdom, at the corners of the
streets ; like Innocence, it loves the light, especially
gaslight ; and (we have Mr. PEARSON'S word for it) it
is the very pattern of devotion and charity, always
first in church, always first in almsgiving. This race
is that of the licensed victuallers. " There are," says
Mr. PEARSON, " in her Majesty's dominions no
better friends to order and good government than
the licensed victuallers of this country. " There are
no persons more regular attendants at their parish
church." " The first man in his pew is the village
publican." " No men are more anxious for a proper
restriction than the licensed victuallers themselves."
Then, too, was it not a BUXTON (TRUMAN, HANBURY,
BUXTON, and Co.'s Entire) which helped to abolish
slavery ? Was it not a GUINNESS (GUINNESS'S
Stout) which rebuilt St. Patrick's Cathedral ?
Was it not a FELIX BOOTH (BOOTH'S Gin)
which promoted . discoveries in the Arctic
regions ? Why, then, attack the liquor traffic ?
What more would you have ? The time is coming
when the Established Church will be assailed, and
then the Aid of these much-maligned men mill be

needed to uphold the sacred ark to the cry of Church
and Queen, and. the Crown and Anchor.

We confess that we find it difficult to resist Mr.
PEARSON'S eloquence. When one has gone on all
one's life holding a certain set of opinions about—not
abstract questions, upon which there is room for
difference—but visible facts, and when one finds that
those opinions are shared by everybody else, it is
rather astounding to be told one fine morning that
we have all been mistaken, that the facts are quite the
other way. Our judges have said that nine-tenths
of the crime, our philanthropists have assured us that
the great proportion of the poverty, our men of
science have given us statistics to chew that by far
the greater number of cases of insanity—owe their
origin to this `• much-abused liquor traffic." Mr.
PEARSON tells us that this is all nonsense. Judges,
philanthropists, scientists, are all mistaken,
for the publican is first in his pew in
Darlington Church, and Sir FELIX BOOTH gave
a portion of his enormous fortune (made out of gin)
in finding out what the North Pole was like. And
yet—and yet we cannot help striking in our minds
a debtor and creditor account against the publican
and Sir FELIX BOOTH. The publican goes to church
early ; very commendable of him, no doubt ; but
how many persons does he keep away from
church altogether ? Sir FELIX BOOTH was inte-
rested in the North Pole ; but supposing that
he had been interested in the London alleys where
his gin was sold. Sir FOWELL BUXTON was associated
with WILBERFORCE in freeing the African slaves;
but how many English slaves did he bring into a far
worse bondage, a bondage that bound soul as well as
body, that destroyed as well as fettered ? Sir BENJA-
MIN GUINNESS restored a cathedral ; but how many
homes did he destroy ? Where did the money come
from which was spent in exploring the Arctic regions
and beautifying St. Patrick's ? Out of the pocket
of the bruised and battered wife, out of the pockets
of the starving and wailing children, whose husband
and whose father had spent it in buying Dublin
stout and BOOTH'S gin. Mr. PEARSON tells us that
the licensed victuallers look after their poor and
build asylums for them. But what becomes
of the poor whom they have pauperised
their poor, inasmuch as they are responsible
for the poverty ? We know well enough—we who
have to pay enormous poor rates, who have to pay
for the administration of justice, who have to provide
asylums for the victims whose brains have been
sodden by drink. The "much-abused liquor trade"
has done all this. The liquor traders, Mr. PEARSON
tells us, are the first to welcome stringent legislation.
That is the most satisfactory portion of his speech,
for their cheerfulness will, before many years are past,
be put to the test by legislation yet more stringent.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
SWITZERLAND.
BERNE, Nov. 2.

The reason why Switzerland has not yet acknow-
ledged the Provisional Government of Spain is
attributable to the delay of the communication of
the Spanish Circular Despatch of the 19th October,
which was only presented to the Federal Council
by the Spanish Charge d'Affaires on the 30th ult.
So soon as the despatch above mentioned was com-
municated to the Federal Council they hastened
not only to acknowledge the provisional Govern-
ment, but also the definitive form of government
which should hereafter be adopted by the Spanish
people.

The reply relating thereto was thus :
"The country of Switzerland, whose institutions
are based upon the will of the people, acknowledges,
as a matter of course, an equal right in all other
nations, to form their Governments on the
same footing. Spain, constituted anew, upon
the basis mentioned in the Circ alar of
the Provisional Government of the 19th ult.,
may rely in advance upon being recognized
by Switzerland. In the meantime the Federal
Council will at once enter into diplomatic relations
with the Provisional Government, and this with
the greater re Ldiness since the Federal Council
regards the Provisional Government as the true
expression of the country—added to which the
principles of religious liberty proclaimed in the
despatch not only ensure to Spain the esteem of the
civilized world, but also the means adopted for the
completion of the revolution are proof of her great
moderation and skill."

OUTWARD BOMBAY MAIL.
BOMBAY, Nov. 5.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Ripon, from Southampton, 24th October, arrived
on the 3d November at eight p.m., and left at
midnight for Alexandria.
BOMBAY (HEAVY) MAIL.

The Massilia left at noon to-day for Southamp-
be looked for about the 14th
ton, where she may

instant.

FRANCE.
BOURSE, Nov. 4.—Three o'clock.—The market
closed as follows :

Bank Shares 3lOO
lltalian Loan —
End of month —
Mexican Loan
Do. Bonds
Spanish Threes
Home Debt 32
Deferred —
Ys.

41 per Cont.
End of month —
3 per Cent
End of month— 70 971
Credit Mobilier 307 50
End of month 315
Credit Foncier _1435
End of month —

RAILWA _ Cash
Orleans .....
Northern ....................................... /196 f
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern..... 5684
Western
Eastern ............
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Roman

MR. SCLATERZOOTH ON THE EXPEN•

DITUBE.

Arr. G. Sclater-Booth, M.P., in a recent speech at
Alton, advocated the strictest economy in the national
expenditure. They were not, however, to forget that no
inconsiderable portion of the increased expenditure which
we had recently experienced is to be traced to the in-
creased demand upon the resources of the central Govern-
ment, which are to be seen everywhere around us. The
old fear as to the loss of local self-government seemed
of late to have greatly diminished ; or, at all events,
there was no longer a fear entertained that the central
Government might become so strong as to exercise any-
thing like a tyrannical influence over localities, and con-
zurrently with this feeling there had arisen a greater
desire for governmental assistance and support in many
operations which are in themselves of a local character.
For instance, the, education:of thepeopleisbeing conducted
at a vast expense to the imperial exchequer, and then
there is an immense network of Government inspection
carried on under the Poor Laws, the Factories Act, the
Local Government Act, and in the mining districts—all
of which are under the control of the Home Office, and
require for their administration highly paid officers. These
and the like expenses were not thought necessary
in former days, and as long as they continued he did not
see how we could expect a very large reduction in the
total expenditure of the country fa m year to year. The
proper requirements of the country, too, in regard to
better pay, clothing, and food for our soldiers and sailors,
All tended to swell the expenditure; and although he was
far from denying that there were many expenses, especially
in connection with the army, that might be reduced, yet he
scarcely thought that writers and speakers on this subject
had at all times reflected upon the increased demands made
upon recent, as compared with former Gove, ruts when
riticising their expenditure.

MI?. R. JOHNSON ON THE RELATIONS
BETWEEN ENGLAND AND AMEI?IC.d.

the American Ambassador, Mr. Reverdy Johnson,
will not fail to acquire sj mpatby and regard, if they may
be acquired by amicable speeches. He spoke again on
Wednesday. He was the guest of the new sheriffs of
London and Middlesex, at their "inauguration banquet."
In responding to the toast of his health, he said : " I have
received so many civilities from the people of England
since I came amongst them that my vocabulary of thanks
is exhausted. I have, however, a vocabulary which can
never be exhausted ; it is that which teaches me to say to
you and to pray to God that the peace between your
country and mine may never be disturbed. What-
ever difficulties in the recent past have occurred, i$
gives me supreme pleasure to say to you, as I have said
elsewhere, that they are about to be successfully removed.
In part this has already been accomplished ; and by the
kindness, patriotism, and love which Lord Stanley bears
to his Queen and country, and by the same feeling which I
hope influences me towards my Government, the rest of
the dispute will, before the lapse of the present year, be
also successfully adjusted. Whatever, then, may happen
in the future will find us together as one people, enjoy-
ing one government in point of substance—that is to
say, each of us enjoying a government resting upon
the principles of human freedom, without which man can-
not live. If you suppose, or ever have supposed, that
among the reflecting men of the United States there was
any unkind feeling towards your Government, however it
may have been in the past, you are mistaken as to the
present. There may be in America, and there may be in
England, some spirits so unruly (I am glad to think
they are not in this room), which cannot realise
the duty of observing the obligations of law, and
waiting until the good sense of the two peoplesmay correct
whatever errors may have crept into their several
institutions. Both Governments are popular—both must
respond to the popular will, and both have in the past,
and are willing in the present, to respond to that will.
The termination of the Presidential contest yesterday
resulted, as I was sure it would, in the almost unani-
mous election of that man to the chief executive of the
United States to whom we were mainly indebted for the
suppression of that rebellion which struck at the life of the
nation, and the men of America would have been ungrate-
ful if they had failed to place him in the Presidential chair,
the duties of which he would be sure so to administer as to

subserve the public interests, and to bind up the wounds
of a wounded country. In that war, as you know, there
was a terrible loss of life ; one million men of the North
and of the South now lie under the sod. The men of
the South, as I have ever said in the Senate of the United
States, sincerely thought they were serving their country
in the struggle, and attempting and engaging in an effort
to maintain the true principles of political liberty. The
men of the North, on the other hand, were satisfied
that without the continuance of the Union liberty
and peace in the United States were not to be
accomplished. Of that number I was one. A Southerner
by birth, a Southerner by education, a Southerner
by residence, I felt that it was due to 'the interests of all
the people of the United States that the Union should be
preserved at almost any cost. And it has been preserved,
thank God ; and you may thank God too, gentlemen.
The people of England have cause to rejoice that the
struggle resulted as it did, because, as we prosper—and
prosper we should not if our Union had been dissolved—so
also will you prosper. Every State which has been added
to that galaxy of States which in 1776 formed and were
represented bythe stars of the American standard, tends to
your benefit as well as our own. What would California
have been if she had not fallen under our rule or under
yours ? For a century her wealth was undeveloped, but
the moment free institutions " landed " within her limitA
then it was discovered that that undeveloped wealth,
counting by millions and hundreds of millions, found its
way abroad ; and in the presence of the Governor of the
Bank of England I may say, not a little went into the
coffers of the bank with which he- is connected, for the
benefit of the commercial world. America has contracted
an enormous debt ina money, but that is nothing in
comparison to the blood which has literally mired
every battle-field of our country. But although we have
contracted this enormous debt in money, whatever
rumours you may have heard, whatever doubts may have
been expressed, I tell you, in all the sincerity with which
man can speak, that every dollar of that debt will be paid
in that which the world recognises as money. Dishonoured
(and I know my country never would be knowingly;
would America be if she failed to meet her engagements,
and if she did not pay in money. In concluding, Mr.
Johnson commented on the position of the Queen. He
declared that his country did not undervalue the power of
the army and navy. On the Abyssinian expedition, .too,
he complimented this country, and on the celebrated name,
Napier of Magdala. We had not added to the list of our
naval heroes, because we had not had the opportunity.
America-, too, had produced Sheridan, Hancock, Sherman,
and Grant, and in the navy Porter and Farragut.
Referring to the reunion in America, Mr. Johnson
said : " But we are not altogether, in one sense, unitedt,
though we are legally united. Not an arm is now raised;:
or is wished to be raised, against the authority
of my Government, and under the President for the
remainder of his term, and the one who is to follow
on the 4th of March, and also under the direction of
the Congress which will meet in December, I tell you that
you may rest assured that in a short time all our sufferings
will almost be forgotten, and America will be, what she
was in the past, of value to the people of England, and
she will hail you one and all as friends. It was predicted
by George 111. and the men who were around him,
that the independence of the States would be a fatal
blow to England the star of her empire, it was
said, would fall, and the downfall of her honour
was near at hand. What has followed? Why, the result
has been to increase the prosperity and power of
England, and when England's downfall happens you may
expect the sun to fall. Every accruing year, whether of
war or peace, adds to our mutual wealth and enhances
our mutual power, and so may it be to the end. As
England is powerful, and permit me to say so long as
she remains at peace with the United States, nothing
in the tide of time will befall her of which she need be
afraid."

A colliery at Elephant-lane, near St. Helen's,
was discovered to be on fire on Sunday. On the follow-
ing day, an exploring party. headed by Mr. Na. lor,
the underlooker, and Mr. John Campbell, son of the
cashier, went down to the pit fur the purpus,i of ascot Lin-
ing the seat and extent of the conflagration, and taking
steps to restrict its ravages. As the party did
not return in a reasonable time, a second body of
explorers descended the pit, when it was found that
hfr. Naylor, Mr. Campbell, and a collier named William
Foster had perished, whilst their companions were in a
very exhausted state. The latter were carried to the sur-
face ; the bodies of the men who had perished could not be
recovered.

MR. WALTER ON EDUCATION. —ln a speech
recently delivered at Windsor to the electors of Berks,
Mr. Walter dealt with the subject of education, observing
that much might be done by developing further the
existing system, for lie believed that a good school
under that system was probably as good as any school
which could be found in any civilised country. It seemed
to be imagined that nothing effectual could be done in
the way of education without compulsion. He, however,
was not of that opinion, and he had seen with some sur-
prise that Lord Salisbury, in the remarkable speech which
he had made a few days ago at Manchester, had spoken
of compulsion as being resorted to in America. He could,
however, from his own knowledge, state that compulsion
was not the rule in America, and he was informed by a
gtntleman in Philadelphia, fully conversant with the
subject, that compulsion Was not found to be generally
AINVI§ArY.

ONE MODE OF OPPOSITION,

Tamworth must be a nice town to canvass, at least Sir
H. L. Bulwer's committee find it so. While a party were
out canvassing on Tuesday the Conservative men objected.
Of this objection the canvassers took np heed. But the
men persisted in their opposition, and by and by came to
violence. A general fight took place, which lasted a
considerable time. "After great exertions on the part
of the police," as one account says, the disturbance was
quelled, hut not before several had received very serious
injuries, amongst whom was a gentleman belonging to
Sir H. L. Bulwer's committee, named Groom. So bad
have things got that Sir Henry has written to the mayor
of the town, complaining and asking for protection. "I am
sure," he says, " under such unforeseen circumstances
the authorities will see that preparations are made
in order to prevent future disturbance, if required—so
that we should neither ha obliged to forego our right to
visit electors, nor be called upon to resist force by force,
which is most undesirable. This behaviour is the more
unfair since Mr. John Peel's canvass was never
interfered with ; and I address myself to you as
the guardian of the tranquillity of the town and the
rights of its inhabitants to protect peaceable men, who will
to-morrow recommence the task they abandoned to-day
from lawless outrage.*

THE CARDINAL ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN

0 Ar TIIE IRISH CIIURcir.

The L:b:rals of Dublin had a large demonstration on
Monday. Sir Dominic Corrigan, th,3 Liberal candidate
for the city, Sir John Gray, M.P., the Right Hon. W.
Cogan, M.P., Mr. Pim, M.P., and others addressed the
Meeting. A letter was read from Dr. Cullen, the Roman
Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, in which he says :
" The people of England is now anxious to re-
dress our grievances, and to inaugurate the reign of
justice, by putting the Irish Catholics on a footing of per-
fect equality with all the other citizens of the empire. In
such circumstances, is it not the duty of all the constituencies
of Ireland, and especially of the electors of Dublin, whose
example must ha'e great influence in every part of the
country, to return representatives to Parliament prepared to
assist our Liberal friends in England in bringing to a
favourable issue the great question of the disendowment
and disestablishment of the Protestant Church in Ireland
—a question intimately connected with the peace and
happiness and the most vital interests of this country.
Other matters of great importance must also soon occupy
the attention of the House of Commons, and it is most desi-
rable that men should be sent to Parliament determined
to discuss them and to legislate on them in a way con-
formable to the wishes of the great mass of the electors
of Ireland. Public instruction, for example, is in an
unsatisfactory state, and parents are oftentimes prevented
from educating their children according to their own wishes
and in conformity with the teaching of the religion which
they profess. The relations also between landlord and
tenant are far from being what the country has a right
to require that they should be. However, these and other
matters, though of the greatest moment to the welfare
of the country, cannot be settled all at once. They
must give precedence to the all-absorbing question of
the Protestant Establishment. As soon as that shall have
been finally settled, and the principal cause of dissension
removed, we may expect the land and education questions
will be discussed with a proper regard to the material and
religious interests of the country, and that measures will
be adopted with reference to them calculated to merit the
al probation of all classes.