The Sun.
London, England, 1868-07-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 21, 1868.

A GOSSIP ABOUT THE PAINTINGS,
I-Y THE PALAIS DE L'INDUSTRIE.

(CONCLUDING NOTICE.)
_ _ _

The age of intense admiration and appre-
ciation of works of art, is apparently passed
away. Let us hope not for ever. Comparatively
few young men of the present day care much
for paintings or statues of a high class, and,
compared with the vast sums expended in the
vulgar luxuries of the day, the amount of
money laid out in the purchase of works of
art would make but a poor figure. Modern
houses are but seldom adapted for the display
of paintings or statuary, and but too many
prefer to adorn their walls with gigantic look-
ing glasses (which only reflect and multiply
the insipid men and women of the world) rather
than to decorate them with works of art. The
idolatry of the horse is a crying evil of the
day. In England, men prefer to build stables
rather than galleries; while in France they
decorate, with a lavish expenditure, the apart-
ments of women of the "Traviata " class,
and the pictures they purchase for them are in
keeping with their miserable lives. Thus, many
painters are made to prostitute art for gain.
The large class of pictures called "genre" are
usually of small size, and represent familiar or
still life. These obtain a ready sale. Such
subjects as sporting incidents, breakfast or pic-
nic parties, " Babies awake," or " Babies
asleep," " Love Letters," " Absent Thoughts,"
" Lights of the Harem," &c. ; may be classed
as "genre."

The absence of many great names from the
gallery this year, is attributed to the artists hav-
ing been largely employed in decorating the
new churches—the grand opera, &c. Many
of the newly-made millionaires of Imperial
France do, indeed, give a certain amount of
support to the artists of the day, but not in pro-
portion to their luxurious expenditure in other
ways. There is many a great fortune, too,
spent in both London and Paris, without any
portion of it going to the support of art. The
reign of the Emperor Napoleon 111. will not
be remarkable for a display of refinement and
education among the richer classes.
A very pleasing " genre " picture represents
a Roman peasant girl, in the charming cos-
tume of her people. She is just fixing the
last pin that completes her toilette. Another
shows us Madame Vestris, then in her full
beauty, superintending a rehearsal of the
Gavotte, (the danse that supplanted the court
minuet). Madame Recamier is seen dancing
with the Duchess of Bedford, preparatory
to a ball, to be given by the Duchess of
Gordon. Having spoken of the men, we may
ask how do the women of France pass their
time ? They do not study the fine arts; few
play the piano, or sing; none read ; you do not
find them walking or riding. In the matter of
church going, they set English ladies a good
example, but that occupies only a small portion
of the day. We fear that the painting some
of them, at least, practice is personal, and that
a not inconsiderable sum is expended in golden-
tinted locks, and the various hues and tints,
and subtleties of the toilette. We may remark
of the numerous female portraits, that they are
nearly all anonymous. When in England we
see, on referring to the catalogue, Miss X—or
Mrs. B—, we know for a certainty that a mo-
dest dislike of notoriety, beyond the circle of
family and friends, dictates the concealment of
name. In France, we have always a suspicion
that the name will not bear publicity. In fact
we fear but too many are portraits of the demi-
monde. Of the nude in art, whether in sculp-
ture or painting, much may be said, both for
and against. Ancient art was nearly always
nude, because it was in accordance with the
habits of the people, a plea which may still be
put forward for nude art in Southern Europe,
where much of the old classic absence of dress
remains, and where, consequently, the represen-
tation of the nude figure is not looked upon as
in any way immodest, even in religious art.
Surely, no one could see anything immodest
in such works of modern sculpture as Gib-
son's "Venus"—or Power's "Greek Slave"?
Prudery is an English failing, and is carried to
a ridiculous excess. The barbarisms recently
done in Rome, in the way of disfiguring
statues, even down to the smallest cherubs'
—and not only with the primitive leaf, but
with plaster draperies—have been done at the
suggestion of an Englishman. Even Canova's
pure Genii, on the Stuart monument, have
been thus disfigured. The representation of
the nude is, however, more open to objection
in painting than in sculpture, and more in
the modern French School than in any other.
French painters seem to revel in Nature un-
adorned. Out of 2,587 canvasses nearly a third
represents undraped figures. We may add
that if there never had been Venuses, Nymphs,
or Syrens more attractive than many of these,
the world would have been a happier and a
better place. The great picture of the year,
and of which it is hard to get a good view, on
account of the number pressing to see it, re-
veals the fact that the study of the nude is
not always a picture. A woman of great
beauty is lying asleep on a couch, veiling her
face with her uplifted arm ; the figure abso-
lutely stands out from the canvas, and is a
marvel of flesh painting. The same amount
of talent on a worthier subject might have
created a painting that would have survived
all time. However people may differ as to
the relative merits of French, English, Belgian,
German, and other schools, most will yield the
palm to the French in the matter of choice of
subject. The French galleries, and more
especially the French department of the Great
Exhibition of last year, fully prove this. We
are disposed to place the Belgians next, then
the Germans, and the English last. In our
Royal Academy what repitition, year after
year, of subjects nearly similar—how many.
Shakspeare subjects, to our mind always unin-
teresting, except, perhaps, when they contain
likenesses of actors or actresses of the day
—how many corn fields, fishing boats coming
in or going out, picturesque bits of Thames
scenery, an occasional far-fetched historical
subject, nearly always badly selected, generally
one or two dreary and futile attempts to make
some practice of the Catholic Church look ridi-
culous, or make a laughing-stock of a monk
or priest; and how often subjects selected from
dreary poems or episodes of the (real) dark
ages of the" Four Georges." Even in the
few pictures of still life, where one would
think monotony impossible, the fact remains
the same. In a painting in the Palais de
I'lndustrie we see how a flower subject may
gain in interest. Purple and red poppies and
white roses are shown clustering round a
rustic beehive, about which bees are swarming,
painted with marvellous truth to nature. A
touching picture is called a "Death-bed Mar-
riage." At the bidding of the priest, a child, the
offspring of illicit love, supports the hand of
its mother while the dying lover, too late a
husband, places on it the wedding ring. The
subject has a moral. We find great orignality
in the idea of " Hornets disturbed by Mice.'
A hornet's nest, hanging from the decaying
timbers of an outhouse, has been molested, and
the air is filled with the hornets. The mice,
who would fain escape by flight, are seen suf-
fering the penalty of the act ; many are stung
to death. The execution of this painting is
excellent. An allegory of the " Papacy "
where a Pontiff is seen, attended by Justice and
Clemency—would have better suited sculpture
than painting. Messalina, wife of the Emperor
Claudius, out on one of her midnight excur-
sions, is a tine picture. The Empress half
ashamed of her evil doings, the low quarter
of the city, the character of the den she is about
to enter, the associations of the familiar life of
the ancients, are all well given. We are all
familiar with representations of the Prodigal
S on , both ancient and modern. The time usually
selected is the return. Often a very uninviting
father is embracing a very naked son, and in
the background preparations for the banquet
are seen going on. In medieval pictures a
woman is generally seen in a quaint costume,
turning the fatted calf on a spit ; in the pic-
ture we notice a different period has been
chosen—namely, that of the poor prodigal's

greatest abasement. The swine he should be
tendinc, are wanderinc, off unheeded ; they are
admirably painted, but are decidedly French
in breed ; the Prodigal weeps bitter tears,
covering his face with his hands ; the scene
is a hot, thirsty desert ; the distinctness of the
distant rocks and hot burning sky are all true
to nature. The " Morning Star ' is an ex-
quisitely-conceived airy figure, bearing in the
edge of her mantle the star. The orphreys
of her garments reflect the many-coloured
tints of dawn. One cannot but feel happy on
looking at the " Return after Victory." A
handsome soldier is being welcomed home ;
his wife clings to him ; his mother weeps fox
joy; the children,- the domestics, all seem over-
come with happiness. As a contrast, we see
in another picture groups of women on the
evening after the execution of the Emperor
Maximilian making the devotion of the Way of
the Cross. On little heaps of stones in the
cemetery rude crosses are set up, and many
candles are lighted round them ; the women
seem wild with grief; " wayside plants " are
growing in almost tropical luxuriance near a
roadside cross, which we may imagine records
some violent death, of which the flowering
plants seem trying to obliterate the memory.
The various paintings of Roman slaves are too
curious and interesting to be passed over
without notice. We see them first as the
petted favourites of rich patricians, and then
in very different positions, undergoing the
many tortures that ingenious cruelty had de-
vised, one of which (invented by Vidius Pollio,
the favourite of Augustus) was the placing
them in walled enclosures where serpents
abounded ; we see them dying either of their
venom or of hunger. Some are driven like
beasts of burden, working on the burning
shores of Ostia; and one is dying, poisoned by
Locusta for the entertainment of Nero. Louis
XVII., in the Temple, in misery and rags, and
with a look of intense suffering on his face,
is a painting few can pass by without ob-
serving. The "Afterglow in Egypt," with a
woman driving cattle to water, gives us quite a
new version of this wonderful effect. There
are many happy illustrations of Italian life.
A Neapolitan boy, with the scantiest amount
of clothing, and the happiest of faces, is playing
with the oranges he should be and
keeping two or three in the air with the adroit-
ness of a juggler. A very charming picture
gives us the main street of Torre del Greco.
It is a fête day ; the facade of the church is
gay with coloured lamps ; the procession of
the Blessed Sacrament is passing out from
it ; people are kneeling near it ; mendicant
friars are hurrying home with the proceeds of
their " quest.' One can well imagine the
noise made by the vendors of fruit and fish.
Two " Forestieri," probably English, are look-
ing on at the busy scene. Behind the town
rises Vesuvius, with its usual thin stream of
smoke. It has more than once laid the town
in ashes, and mayl;do so again at any moment.
We notice in passing, a good view of " The old
port," Marseilles, with a " Turneresque" effect
of shipping ; also a well-conceived idea of
" Monks superintending the excavations at
St. Clement's," Rome. These excavations have
disclosed the original Basilica and house of St.
Clement's, and well-preserved frescoes of the
earliest ages of Christian art. In a painting
of the Refectory of the Monks of the Trinita,
Rome, the bright lights contrasting with the
dark shadows are most cleverly given. The
Monks—some in deep shade and some in bright
sunlight—are eating their mid-day meal, and
the various pets of the monastery—magpies,
dogs, cats—are painted with great truth. One
can quite feel the cool, modest air of the
" Bosquet, near Meaux," where an ornamental
canal winds sluggishly under high green trees,
and on which swans float languidly. Quite a
chef d'ceuvre of animal painting is a cluster of
seven asses—the heads only seen—drinking at
a fountain. With a great deal of humour
another artist gives us an enthusiastic student
of nature painting in the High Alps, and so
busily engaged, that he is quite unconscious
of the bear who has crept up behind him, and
who is contemplating a friendly hug. " Pene-
lope and Phryne " shows us that the quiet,
home-loving girl, in modest attire, may be more
attractive than the haughty beauty arrayed
for conquest. Quite a solemn picture is that
of " Evening on board of a French man-of-
war." All bow bare-headed before the crucifix,
while the aged priest recites the evening litany.
French artists, much more than our own,
record the passing events of the day ; and
surely there never was a subject more fitted
for a painting than that of the present saintly
eProaenritebi pi
fa
d "Love
Pi
a ill prisoners,USiX:iilpursuance of the divine
many o
your
enemies,"—visitingf the
precept,
whom, smitten
with remorse and deeply touched (as all arc),
in
nrotuhndand k
the
presence
s sof
fhte fee
the litly of Father, bow to the
gthe Pontiff King,
who, in his white robes, and with his face
glowing with love for those who have hated
him, forms a great contrast to the red-shirted
ruffianism by which he is surrounded.
What can be said in favour of the intense
naturalism now so much in vogue in Eng-
land ? Beyond the pleasurable, though but
momentary, sensation of seeing some every
day commonplace cleverly rendered, how little
is there to admire ! Pictures of this kind
may be most dexterously rendered, and may
be valuable records of the time, but ad they
are not, any more than real carts and horses
and real Hansom cabs are drama. So natural-
istic have we become, that some one has said
(speaking of the stage)_,, People will soon
have to hold their noses while Hercules cleans
out a real Augean stable." What vast sums
have been given for pictures of railway stations
and race-courses, capital for engraving to sell
for public-house parlours, but not of much
value as pictures. The French, who are always
prone to carry an English idea to excess (as we
see in the matter of "Le Sport " generally,
and "Bull-dogues" and tight trowsers in
particular), are outstripping us in this branch.
A room full of men (whether gentlemen or
waiters, is hardly clear), all in black coats and
white ties does not make a picture, and what
is there but waste of time in the elaborate (and
certainly clever) painting of a real raw hind
quarter of beef, and another of the inside of a
pig ? There was once a rage at Florence for
paintings of the various stages of decay the
human body undergoes in the tomb—and they
are true to a sickening degree. Shall we get
to this again ?—Westminster Gazette.

Samuel Bowles and Co.,
issue, immediately after the of Springfield, will
passage of the amended re-
venue law now before Congress, an annotated edition of
ongress,
the same, edited by Charles N. Emerson, assessor of the
10th Massachusetts district, and author of the "Revenue
Guide" and "Internal Revenue Hand-Book," which works
have had extensive circulation, and become internal re-
venuel law text-books. The propsed edition will be
issued as a supplement to the " Hand-book," and will be
important and indispensable both to internal revenue
officers and taxpayers.
Isaac Sherman of East Thomaston, Maine, is
building two houses roofed and sided with manilla paper
J— Consumption,
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and all nervous,
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Regent-street, Laudon; and all Cirecers and Chemists.

THE LATIN AND THE ANGLO-SAXON
RACES.

(From the Anglo-American Times)

The Saturday Review, last week, discussed
" buncombe," which it declared to m2an vulgarity,
the exaggerated display of the parvenu chiefly de-
veloped during the transition state from early setile-
meat to established society. The writer who dwelt on
it as applicable to America, the word being American,
and signifying an American idea, made the usual
mistake of applying his English thoughts to Ame-
rica. When men spoke, in what appeared to him
exaggerated language, of the geographical features
of the country, it was " buncombe," when they
sketched what to them seemed its future, being to
the Englishman extravagant, it was " buncombe,"
when in illustrating the conceptions of his brain, the
American used grand metaphor—he:reached the acme
of " buncombe." The Englishman does not make
allowance for the change sure to be wrought in the
mind in the course of time by the features of a coun-
try. It is morally impossible that an American of
three generations could think in the same groove as
an Englishman. The first impression an American
teceives on landing in Great Britain is the sense of
confinement; the notion that if he goes out after dark
he may be drowned in the Irish Sea or in the Ger-
man Ocean, or if he steps off the road he may fall
over the chalk cliffs into the English Channel. In
America the Englishman is impressed with vast-
ness. Accustomed to his little streams, he never
realizes what a river is till he sees one such as the
St. Lawrence or the Hudson ; or, what space means
till he has been borne for days acrass a lake at little
less than railroad speed, and seen the sun rise on a
boundless plain over which he was rushing behind
a locomotive, and the sun set still on the broad
prairie, with the sense in his mind that he had been
hurrying without cessation over a country not a
feature of which had changed. The preface of the
book La France Nouvelle, which has created so much
sensation in France that the first edition was ex-
hausted in four days, discusses the future of the
Anglo-Saxon race in terms which, if adopted by an
American, would be styled " buncombe." The
writer considers that the world is Anglo-Saxon, past
praying for. lie describes creation, with the ex-
ception of Europe, as being dominated by two rival
Powers, though one in race, language, customs, and
laws. Yet this is but a feeble image of what an ap-
proaching future has in store for the Anglo-
Saxon. The United States must number by the
end of the century 100,000,000, without calculating
its extension to Panama. South America will be
absorbed when desirable. Nor can this future
be averted by any division of the Republic,
for the fractions will be more active devourers of
territory than the whole. Had secession succeeded,
the Confederacy would have invaded Mexico sooner
than the Republic. The author thinks that under
any circumstances the American continent, North
and South, will belong to the Anglo-Saxon race,
and that the change will be accomplished
in a century, or a century and a half. When
Americans talk in this style they are gene-
rally accused of spreadeagleism, buncombe,
or higbfaluten ; men smile, shrug their shoulders,
and mutter he is off on the manifest destiny doc-
trine. So it is when these remarks are confined to
their own branch of the family, But it has quite
another aspect when described from the general
stand-point, which embraces in the landscape all the
Anglo-Saxon peoples. The French author discusses
the occupation of America as but a part of the
progress of these nations. It is not less certain, be
says, that Oceana belongs for ever to the Anglo-
Saxons of Australia and New Zealand, the footing
obtained in the Pacific insuring to these descend-
ants of England the control of that ocean. On one
side is the American sea-board, on the other that of
Australia and New Zealand, and with the thousands
of islands dotted over the Pacific, sooner or later
China must acknowledge them as masters. The
author has evidently no idea of the progress of San
Francisco, and the connection between that city
and the coasts of Japan and China. He thinks
that Australia will rule in these countries, and, if
England should collapse, also in India. We hold a
very different opinion, but this does not disturb the
author's conclusion, for he writes of the race as a
whole, not of the predominance of any of its sec-
tions, and he assures his countrymen that their
children are not the less certain to see the Anglo-
Saxon, Mistress of Oceana and of all the countries
of the furthest East that may be dominated,
worked, or influenced by the possession of the
sea. He gives two centuries as the outside
of the time required to reach this climax,
when it will be impossible to deny that
from end to end the world is Anglo-Saxon.
The French are awaking to the conviction that
they are hopelessly beaten in the race for Empire ;
but they may see with some degree of satisfaction
that other countries have been still more decidedly
defeated. In the sixteenth century, for a short
space, mankind were deluded into the notion that
the world's sway was about to pass into the hands
of Spain. Three European nations were tried one
after the other to act the part of everywhere pro-
pagating their tongue and blood, by means of dur-
able colonies, and by transforming, so to say, the
globe to their own likeness. Spain failed, and
France failed ; then came the turn of England, and
she so succeeded that if a convulsion of nature was
to swamp Great Britain, the future of her race
would not be sensibly changed. Now this we believe
to be an exaggeration, holding that Germany would,
through its vast emigration and its intellectual
capacity, produce an immense effect on the nations
now formed by England. As the case stands, we
think with the author that neither Russia nor North
Germany, should they attain the highest fortune, can
pretend to impede the current of things, nor pre-
vent the earth becoming Anglo-Saxon. Should
Russia possess Constantinople, still she cannot
balance the naval power of the Anglo-Saxons, and
her military progressings on the Asiatic continent
will be at once stopped when she meets England in
India, and Australia, or the United States in China.
The idea of the Frenchman is, that a race cannot
attain this sovereignty by mere conquest, for it is
the result only of colonization, and the Russian has
not developed the necessary emigration and colonizing
qualities. Germany has, but too late, for there is
no space open to her. Australia is occupied, and
America closed, and should she, always jealous and
proud, resolve to direct her tide of emigration
towards some war colony where her flag could wave,
its situation is not easy to ascertain, nor could it
ever counterbalance the American and Australian
continents henceforth belonging irrevocably to the
Anglo-Saxon race. Thus he arrives at the conclu-
sion that the greatness once established cannot be
menaced from without like Rome, surrounded by a
barbarous world. The contemplation of this picture,
however agreeable to the Anglo-Saxon, raises any
but pleasing sensations in the Latin mind, and the
fitful efforts of France have again and again been
directed to counteract the growing influence by the
erection of some great Latin empire, where the
family might take root and spread. This was the
idea which dictated the invasion of Mexico, the
establishment of Saigon, the occupation of New
Caledonia and Madagascar. But the French are a
conquering, not a colonizing, people, and every
attempt has been a failure. One chance alone re-
mains, and it is to this the author desires to draw
attention. Algeria, he says, must be the source of
this New France, and a hundred millions of French-
men established on both sides the Mediterranean
would resist the Anglo-Saxon current. He recog-
nizes the fact that it is necessary to infuse
a new life into the nation, and that they
must, in the proper sense of the word,
colonize the country. In numbers alone he can see
strength, and lie asserts that if a great political and
moral change does not take place in France, if the
population, obstinately attached to the rural soil,
continues to increase with painful slowness, the
French will weigh relatively to the Anglo-Saxon
as Athens did to Rome. Literature, wit, grace, and
pleasure will reside with them ; life, power, and
solid glory elsewhere. In this division we doubt if
the French will not have the best of it, but they are
not content with a large share of the good things,
so they desire to trespass on the Anglo-Saxon
preserve. The author in counting heads scarcely
gives a just estimate of the future of the Anglo

Saxons. The greatest war of modern times has
been carried on by that race, not between its
two great branches, but between two sections of
one of those branches. If the Anglo-Saxons again
set to cutting each other's throats, the Latins may
look on and thank God that they are not as other
men, pushing, greedy, quarrelsome, and, like the
dog crossing the stream with a bone in its mouth,
dropping the material fact to bite at the shadow.
There is nothing that would better pleas 3 us i han
to see France set vigorously to work to raise up a
Latin counterpoise on so legitimate a sphere as the
shores of the Mediterranean ; for nothing will more
tend to reconcile conflicting differences and to unite
the English speaking peoples than the danger of
such a rivalry. The moment that earth's dominion
passed into the hands of Rome the world was shattered
by the conflict of the Romans. The United States
have decreed and adopted it as a settled policy that
no European nation shall raise its flag on any por-
tion of the American Continent, North or S outh,
as the It public intends to rule from T erra del
Fuego to the North Pole ; as she can enforce
this resolve that continent is barred. England
holds Australia, and even if she did not no other
European nation has yet developed the colonising
qualities necessary for the successful establishment
of a settlement at the Antipodes. Nothing can, as
the author says, impede the climax he anticipates,
except the dissensions of the race. It is this that
may destroy a future so magnificent, and it is a
singular fact, and a striking instance of the folly
and wickedness of our nature, that such a contin-
gency is possible. What we do with such persist-
ence on both sides the Atlantic is to cultivate feelings
inimical to each other. The first grand idea of every
leading statesman of the Anglo-Saxon race should
be the unity of the family. For this purpose laws
should be enacted on naturalization, on literature,
on commerce, including all the minor subjects of
uniformity of coinage, weights and measures, cheap
and speedy postal communication, and a general
order to the ships of war, whether British or Ame-
rican, to protect the persons and property of the
citizens of either country, when assailed in semi-
civilised or barbarous lands. Such little statesmen
as Andrew Johnson can never grasp the real
grandeur of the Anglo-Saxon future, or rise beyond
the party interests of the hour in his own locality,
and he finds but too many as narrow-minded there
as here. Our own belief is that England should
drop dominion over the great colonies, and seek to
establish a confederation of independent English
speaking nations, into which the United States
might be brought. Then the future anticipated a
century hence by the author of "New France"
might be realized in a quarter of that time. It is
to what we might have come, had common sense
prevailed in the councils of George 111., but we may
hope that it is yet possible to retrieve the fearful
blunders of that ill-advised monarch.

FINANCIAL MEASURES OF CONGRESS.

The telegram from Washington of the 15th inst.,
published in London yesterday, shows the effect on
the Senate of Mr. COBB'S resolution in the House,
and of the platform of the National Democratic
Convention of New York. Mr. BLAINE, of Maine,
failed to get the Representatives to adopt a resolu-
tion directing the Committee of Ways and Means
to prepare a bill for funding all the National Debt
into Five per Cent. Ten-Year Bonds, Four and a
Half per Cent. Thirty-Year Bonds, and Four
per Cent. Interminable Annuities, the National
Creditors to have their choice in exchange for these
Securities. Mr. BOUTWELL, of Massachusetts, de-
sired to substitute for the bill brought out by
COBB'S resolution one authorizing the issue of new
bonds for fixed sums bearing coin interest for
limited periods when the principal would become
payable in gold. So closely is the country divided
on the question of the National Debt that even the
best informed cannot predict the result of a vote.
Generally the Republicans support the most honour-
able interpretation of the law, and the Democrats
that they consider most to the interest of the tax-
paying people. But the party line is no strict
division ; indeed, judging from the tone of the
papers on the COBB proposition, to tax the interest
on the Bonds, the line is more geographical than
party. In the West the bill is supported by nearly
all the newspapers, irrespective of party. In the
East the Republican newspapers condemn the
measure as a dishonourable attempt to defraud the
bondholders, and the Democratic journals either
keep a discreet silence or only mildly approve. In
analyzing the vote for the resolution to tax the
bonds we find that 61 Republicans went for the bill,
and all the Democrats except two. Of the 61, 49 were
from the West, while only 22 Western men opposed
the measure. The Committee of Ways and Means
brought in the bill, with their protest against it
affixed thereto, declaring that they acted only in
obedience to the order of the House, in opposition
to their judgment, and with the intention of oppos-
ing the Bill in every way. They deny BUTLER'S
assertion " that it was the same tax the English
put on their Bonds"—there being no precedent for
the law on the statute books of England—or, they
add (but in error) " any other civilised country."
They affirm the proposition simply to be to pay the
public creditors less by 10 per cent. than the nation
agreed to do, which was swindling people out of
money borrowed to save the nation. The Com-
mittee then proceed to show how injurious the
passage of such a measure would be, and its da-
maging effect on the national credit, and they end
by presenting the bill in its undisguised deformity
as follows :
"Be it enacted, &c., that from and after the passage of
this Act there shall be levied, collected, and paid, a tax of
10 per centum on the amount of interest hereafter due and
payable on all the bonds and other securities of the United
States. To secure the collection of the said tax, the
amount of interest hereafter paid on any bonds or other
securities of the United States bearing interest at 6 per
centum shall be at the rate of only 5 and 5-10ths per
centum, and bearing interest at the rate of 5 per centum
shall be at the rate of only 4 and 5-10ths per centum,
and if bearing interest at the rate of 3 per centum, shall be
at the rate of only 2 and 7-lOths per centum per annum.
No higher rate of interest than is here prescribed shall be
paid in any bond or other security of the United States
now outstanding or authorised to be issued, all conditions
of any such bonds or other security and all laws and parts
of law to the contrary notwithstanding."

Of course, where there is anything nasty in Wash-
ington, General BUTLER will be found actively
stirring the mess. His bubbles come up to the sur-
face, assume the intelligent aspect of the General,
and are followed by others, the whole being
dept fermenting. lie was at the bottom of COBB'S
resolution, and came to its rescue at the nick of
time. But, to have another iron in the fire, he has
brought in a bill of which the first section provides
the taxation of 10 per cent. on the interest of the
Bonds, exempting them from all other taxation.
The second section authorizes a four per cent. in-
terminable issue, exempt from taxation, to be ex-
changed foe 5-20's at the option of the holders.
The third section authorizes 10-40 Bonds at
Four and a Half per Cent., exempt from
taxation, to be issued in lieu of 5-20's. From
all this patching it will be seen how strongly the
attention of the country has been directed to the
subject, and with no surprise we learn the action
of the Senate last Wednesday, which Reuter thus
gives :—" The Senate has to-day passed a bill autho-
rizing the issue of bonds redeemable in coin after
20, 30, or 40 years, and bearing 5,4/, and 4 per
cent. interest respectively, also payable in coin and
exempt from all taxation whatsoever, except the
ordinary income tax. These bonds are to be used
exclusively for the redemption at par, at the option
of the holder, of any of the present interest-bearing
debts of the United States, except Five per Ceut.
Bonds and Three per Cent. Certificates. Bonds may
be issued to an amount sufficient in the aggregate
to cover all the principal of all outstanding obliga-
tions, but to the amount redeemable iu 20 years is
not to exceed one-third of the whole issue. The bill
further provides for the reduction of the debt by
the appropriation of a sum which, including the in-
terest of the public debt and the maturing funded
debt, shall amount to $135,000,000 annually.
Finally, the bill enacts that any contracts hereafter
made specifically payable in coin shall be legal and
valid, and may be enforced according to its terms,
anything in the several Acts relating to United
States notes to the contrary notwithstanding." We
cannot pretend to pass a judzinent on this impor-

taint measure with these bare facts only before us,
but what moved the Senate is too clear to be mis-
understood. In the first place, the question was
rapidly reaching the point of partial or total repu-
diation. It is evident, from late events, from the
Democratic platform, and from the course of events,
that the bondholders could have no peace, the coun -
try being kept in constant hot-water until Congress
had taken action on the subject. A matter which
concerns the pocket is a dangerous one to keep un-
settled, and the more so as the division is geogra-
phical, the interest of the Eastern being op-
posed to the interests of the Western States.
There are subjects enough for dispute between
them without this addition, and if the notion
is conceived that IVestern agriculture is mulcted
for Eastern manufactures—that the Western tiller
is heavily taxed to supply luxuries to the rich
Eastern bondholder, there is a double instead of a
single danger, and one the Senate might well con-
sider incumbent on them speedily to reduce to the
narrowest limit. Knowing that something must
be conceded, even in the interest of the bondholder,
they have passed this measure as the best open for
all. What mainly concerns the present bondholders
is the additional security they will possess if the
Senate's bill becomes law. The old thought
will arise—What guarantee can I have that
this will be the final settlement ? If the pre-
sent arrangement is interfered with, why not
this arrangement, and the next the terms being
worse at every change till the value of my bond is
whittled away? What is to be the gentle pressure
by which the bondholders are to be induced to ex-
change Six per Cents. for Five per Cents at par?
There must be a threat in the back-ground to
leave the owners of the 5-20's out in the cold if they
do not rush in through the door opened by the
Senate. Our opinion is that the measure is
honestly intended, that the Senate consider it to
be a necessity under the circumstances, and that
they regard the question as one of compromise,
doing the most they can to protect the creditor of
the nation.—A nglo-American Times.

211ISCELLANEOUS .NETVS.

(From the Anglo-American 2 inies.)

A memorial was sent to Congress by William
Jewett, and presented in the Senate by Mr. Trum-
bull, and in the House by Mr. Banks, praying that
Alaska be paid for " as a national measure for the
protection of the national honour and the people's
appreciation without regard to party of the life-
long public services of the Hon. William 11.
Seward." General Banks is strongly pushing the
measure, and is to be rewarded, if he succeeds, by
the mission to Austria. The vote was to have
been taken on the 9th instant, and there can bo
little doubt that the appropriation of $7,500,000
will be made to Russia. Indeed, Alaska has been
organized as a Department, General J. C. Scott t 3
command, with head-quarters at Sitka. ' It is even
said that Mr. Seward is now turning his attention
to Salvador and Greenland. Mr. Washburne, " the
Treasury watch-dog," strongly opposed those ac-
quisitions, and does not mince matters in accusing
Mr. Banks of giving an untrue account of the
value of Alaska, which is without fisheries, mines,
or valuable timber, and had been pronounced
utterly worthless in the reports of Russian officers
to their Government. A practical instance of its
value was, however, given by a Democratic mem-
ber, who declared that a company of capitalists
were prepared to pay $10,000,000 in gold if the
United States would make it over to them.
Mr. Horatio Seymour accepted his nomination as
the candidate of the National Democratic Conven-
tion for the Presidency on the 11th instant, and
General Frank P. Flair accepted his nomination for
the Vice-Presidency on the next day.
General Gillem, who succeeded Gen. M'Dowell,

has assumed command of the 4th Military District,
and a writ of quo warranto has been taken out by
Governor Humphreys of Mississippi, against Gen.
Ames, :requiring him next November to show by
what authority he claims to be Governor. Ames
was appointed by General M'Dowell. In Florida
Reconstruction is complete; the civil authorities
on the Ist inst. having taken over the Govern-
ment, but the country officers remain till new ones
arc appointed. In North Carolina the Legislature
was to meet July Gth, awl in Alabama on the 1:3 th.
The Message of Governor Scott of South Carolina
was able and excellent, as well in spirit as in
temper; that of Governor Liolden, of North Caro-
lina, was to be delivered on the 4th July. The
lately elected New Orleans City officers, after
taking the Constitutional Oath on the 27th June,
assumed their functions. Major Frank Manny,
of Nashville, was fatally stabbed in New Orleans
on the 30th June, and the assassin who is unknown
has escaped.

The civic functionaries at Washington have not
been slow to follow the example of their brethren
in London who discussed the dis-establishment of
the Irish Church by administering to the Lord
Mayor " a heavy blow on the stomach," while
Alderman Rose squared up to Beales, M.A. Ex-
Mayor Wallack and Mayor Bowen, of Washing-
ton, fought it out on the night of the 26th June.
The Mayor had the worst of it in punishment, re-
ceiving a severe blow on the mouth ; but the ex-
Mayor came to grief in law, being arrested and held
for assault and battery. The negroes of a village
near Washington indulged in an attack on the
police, who were ordered to remove the " hogs"
permitted so to increase and run at large as to be-
come a nuisance. Sambo's weapon, strange to say,
is a razor, and he freely used it against the myr-
midons of the law.

THE PIIENIANS.—The word Fenian is said to be
derived from the Phoenicians, who, having made Carthage
a powerful maritime State on the Mediterranean, pushed
outside the Straits of Gibraltar, established themselves at
Tarshish on the S.W. coast of Spain. They afterwards
carried the elements of civilization to the Celts of Ireland,
and were the Phenians to whom the Irish in all ages have
looked back so fondly. A colony of Phenians worked the
mines in the county of Wicklow, and another discovered
metals at Killarney. Some ancient bronzes dug up in Ire-
land aro found to contain the exact proportions of the Car-
thaginian relics, and their shape also corresponds. They
were merchants and navigators, and could not have op-
pressed the Irish, as they are remembered with so much
affection.

The class of 1868 at Yale College graduates 108
men. During its four years it has numbered 168. The
freshman class promises to be remarkably large, nearly
200. The secret society known as the Spade and Grave
is dying of Unpopularity, its elections being respectfully
declined.

A Charleston paper says that a movement is on
foot among the largest planters and property holders of that
State to give free grants of alternate sections of their
land to new actual settlers, provided they are white men.
We hear it is in contemplation to add two more
steamers in the autumn to the Guion Line. They are to
be of the most powerful and swift class, and be named the
Idaho and Montana.

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