The Sun.
London, England, 1868-01-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, 11)NDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 1:4, 1868.

MR. DIXON'S NEW WORK.
Just ready, in 2 vols., Svo., with Portrait,
SPIRITUAL WIVES.
By W. HEPWORTH DIXON,

Author of "New America," &c.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,

Il E R O'S

W O R K.

By Mit& BUFFETS HARDY.
"Mrs. Hardy has written so w,-;11 that her hook will please a
numerous class of readers who like to be addressed by a woman
of kindness, good sense, and raflnement."—Times.
"A powerful, interesting, end well-wrought novel''
naum.

'-Athe-

Hurst and Blacken 13, Great Marlborough-street,

ZADKIEL'S ALMANAC for 1868, the Second
Edition, Ninetieth Thousand, contains a Portrait of the
Imperial Prince, wills its usual Interesting Articles. Also a
Demonstration of the True Distance of the Moon, and an Eclipse
of the Moon worked out, on the theory of her distance being only
32,828.5 miles; which entirely overthrows and destroys the mo-
dern system of Astronomy.
London: G. Berger, Newcastle-street, Strand.—Siapence only.

Just Published, price Is. 6d., by post, ls. 84., the Second Edition,
with Adden la, containing additional Facts and Cases, in illus-
tration of tho nefarious proceedings of the Advertising Quacks.
REVELATIONS OF QUACKS AND
QUACKERY. By DETECTOR. Reprinted from the
"Medical Circular."

London: H. Rslliere, 219, Regent-street.
The numerous reviews of this startling work by the Saturday
Review*, Punch, Weekly Despatch, Public Opinion, and other
journals, recommending its universal perusal are reprinted with
this edition

DUNVILLE'S V.R. OLD IRISH WHISKY,
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LOSSES AT SEA.—At the Edinburgh Chamber of
Commerce on Thursday, Mr. Livingstone moved, " That
the Chamber memorialise the Government on the subject
of the numerous disasters at sea in the loss of trad-
ing vessels." He remarked that shipwrecks were
increasing not only in excent, but in ratio, and, al-
though
guiding
insurance would protect the owner, every ship
of meteorologi_
lost was a loss of capital to the nation. It was quite
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cal information ; and, thirdly, the prevention of fraud and
the wilful casting away of ships. Mr. A. Thomson se-
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lions of our property want to the bottom of the sea. Mr.
R. M. Smith remarked that colour blindness on the part of
those in charge of vessels was sometimes the cause of the
loss of vessels. Mr. C. Gowan thought the loss of life was
much more serious than the loss of property, and that they
ought not to overlook the great cause of these losses—
namely, overloading and deck cargoes. Storms often came
on without even barometrical warning, and vessels at sea
with heavy deck cargoes became quite unmanageable—
and if the deck cargo wenCto the leeward side the
ship inevitably foundered. Mr. Pearson referred to the
Cunard line, which had only lost one ship in 29 years,
as an example of how maritime disasters might by
care be avoided. Mr. M‘Laren, M.P., remarked that a
shipowner who took a deck load was either enriched above
his neighbours or was able to undersell them. Either way
he tempted bis neighbours to follow the same course, and
some regulation was, therefore, urgently needed to prevent
the influence of that temptation. He believed if the prin-
ciple of Lord Campbell's Act were applied to ships as well
as to railways, and if the representatives of any deceased
sailor could get damages for loss of life on proving before a
jury that the ship was rot properly found or was over-
loaded when it left port, this would be one of the most
effective remedies they could apply. After some remarks
from Mr. Mlagan, M.P., on losses from spontaneous
combustion, the motion was agreed to, and the matter was
remitted to 41, committee,

TILE IVESTNINSTER PALACE

S -The petulant tone of Mr. Ferguson's letter
in the Builder of the 4th inst. convinces me of the
soundness of my judgment in hesitating to submit
my case unreservedly to the decision of a com-
mittee of which he would possibly have been a
member.

While, on the one hand, the evidence he has
examined compels him to give a verdict to a certain
extent in my favour, on the other, the almost
childish delight with which he perverts it into an
opportunity for vilifying my father is so clumsily
disguised, as to make his criticisms of little value.
1. Mr. Ferguson is not satisfied with having
to find on the evidence, but he advances a ques-
tion totally
foreign to it. His letter is as in-
genious as it is disingenuous. Never mind who
" spoilt " the Houses—that is a question of prin-

ciple and taste—who produced the original designs
in 1835, before they were " spoilt ?" Mr. Fer-
guson having come forward to record his de-
cision on a professed examination of my pamphlet,

I refuse to release him from his obligation to meet
the main question and the evidence on which it

rests. At present, he has only admitted the force
of what is supposed to prove that my father
" spoilt" the original designs, but he ignores alto-

gether the evidence on the special point in dispute,
and assumes that Si;C. Barry wasthe real architect,
for the sole purpose of propounding the absurd,
though amusing, theory that my father " spoilt"
all Sir Charles's work by his " crotchets." My
evidence all proceeds from the same sources. Half
of it proves that Mr. Pugin spoilt the other half,
says Mr. Ferguson ; therefore, Pugin was the
author of the bad half, Sir C. Barry of the good.
(I don't know whether Mr. Ferguson is a Cam-
bridge man, but I doubt it.) Meanwhile, what
becomes of the Messrs. Barry's emphatic denials,
and Mr. Wolfe's assertion, " that all the important
changes in the building which decided its cha-
racter, were originated and designed by Sir C.
Barry alone in the country, when he was not in
communication with my father."

2. I beg to remind Mr. Ferguson that I qualified
my statement about Sir C. Barry being the sole
author of the " plan" of the Houses, by suggesting
that even these. must have been modified by. the
exigencies of the elevations. The "formality and
regularity" of the south front do not necessarily
prove that it was originally the design of Sir
Charles, any more than the substitution of " pierced
panels and an unmeaning network of flat, over-
done ornament," for "windows, grouped together
with deep reveals," and `massive " buttresses,"
proves that Sir C. Barry was over-persuaded by
my father to relinquish the latter, his own design,
for the poverty and flatness of the present ele-
vations. Setting aside the gratuitous assump-
tion of . all this, the direct opposite is the more
probable fact..; Who better than my father could
appreciate " deep reveals " and grand effects of
light and shade, and who knew better how to pro-
duce them? I shall be happy to submit to Mr.
Ferguson a design of my father's, prepared in
1833, showing a facade quite as regular as that of
the houses of parliament, having " windows
grouped-to gether with deep reveals, and consider-
able light and shade obtained by the form of the
buttresses." The real truth is that my father's
original work was " spoilt " by Sir C. Barry, to
whose decision, as are as " architectural arrange-
ment" was concerned, he was obliged to yield ;
and Mr. Ferguson shows his entire ignorance of
my father's early works in propounding a suppo-
sition which entirely reverses the probabilities, if
not the facts, of the case.
3. The cat and kitten simile is, no doubt, remark-
ably amusing and quite satisfactory to Mr. Fer-
guson, but for the life of rue I cannot see the
point of it. As an architect I know that contrast
is the essence of :effect. I know also that without
contrast size is neither adequately distinguished
nor appreciated. Neither do I perceive the
value of Mr. Ferguson's
application of his
criticism to the entrances under the Victoria
Tower. At all events he has failed to perceive,
_ _ _ . _

from Sir C. Barry's own letter, that he himself
sent the "plans" of this part of the building to my
father to design the elevations, and at the same time
furnished the dimensions for them. But considera-
tions as to the true apportionment of the various
parts of the work to their relative authors do not
seem to trouble Mr. Ferguson in the pursuit of his
extraordinary proposition. All that is Pugin's is
bad—all that is Barry's is good. That is enough
for him. His partiality
A fair and equitable judge, truly, in deciding on
the present rival claims.is as plain as it is pungent.
4. As regards the Victoria Tower, the entries
in the diary prove that my father was at work on
the original production, and few will accept Mr.
Ferguson's oracular denunciations of its present
appearance. He complains that an " extinguisher
caps the Clock Tower, instead of the beautiful
design as originally published." One may well
question Mr. Ferguson's competency to set up as
an architectural critic, if he desires to see a spire
on the present Clock Tower ; but what will he say
when I tell him that such a spire on a clock-tower,
proportioned to it, is actually executed at Semis-
brick Hall, whither I shall be happy to accompany
Mr. Ferguson whenever he may claim my promise
to do so. This building was designed and partly
carried out at the same time as the Houses of Par-
liament, and is sufficiently successful to elicit from
one of the first statesmen of the day the following
expression :—" If I have reason for not believing
all that you claim for your father regarding the
Houses of Parliament, it lies in the fact that the
work at Scarisbrick is so much bolder, effective,
and more successful than that at Westminster."
Mr. Ferguson contrasts archaeology with archi-
tecture, as though the results of the two studies
were absolutely incompatible with, or spoilt each
other ; and that whilst the Gothic revival had
alone been archaeological, the classic was quite
free from this vice, and altogether creative. But
I should like to know, if my father and others
of his contemporaries had not been archaeologists,
where would Gothic architecture have been? Con-
fined, I imagine, to such specimens as Sir Charles
Barry's original churches of imperishable mark,
which are certainly as free from archaeological
copyism as his classical buildings are, for the most
part, mere plagiarisms on existing edifices. There
is quite as much, if not more, archaeology in Sir
C. Barry's Palladian or Renaissance structures as
in any Gothic works I have ever seen, and as
perfect a freedom from the true originality of
genius. Successful, more or less, as reproductions
or adaptations of existing works they may be, but
original productions they are not. And why it
should be 'culpable and ridiculous to revive the
glories of an old minster or civic hall, but praise-
worthy and excellent to transfer the Fames° Palace
or the Venetian Library from their own sunny soil
to a London street I am at a loss to conceive ; or
why the architect in his study and adaptation of
the latter buildings should be less an archaeologist
than the architect of the former. What Mr. Fer-
guson, from his normal condition of fretfulness and
querulous dissatisfaction, ridicules as a fault in
others he exalts as a merit in Sir C. Barry. Hap-
pily he is always in such exaggerated extremes of
praise or blame that his judgment
.in questions
connected with Gothic art has little influence, and
we may be allowed to place his taste on a level
with his impartiality. He has often done great
service in destroying monsters, but he must leave
to others the task of restoring what they have laid
waste. A man who stigmatizes an architect like
Mr. Street as a mere archaeologist is but little
likely to do more than destroy. Mr. Ferguson
stands in relation to architecture as Mr. Carlyle
does in some respects to philosophy ; he can tear a
fallacy to tatters, but oh ! for something good to
replace it, Mr. Carlyle, however, thinks ; Mr, Fer.

guson assumes and decides. " Sic volo, sic jubeo ;
stet pro ratione voluntas." (It is an idiosyncrasy
of his literally to rage in the presence of Gothic
art. He must be exorcised before he can pronounce
on its merits.)

E. WELD; PUGI \'.

The Grange, Ramsgate.

I RiV/A NISM

AND ENGL.IND.

The Unirm, in speaking of Fenianism and of
E
tittghl aan d,
ho
sttritliel y
America,enough ol
ivechs talotaet
snot Englandforgla
forgive
not only
itoordheaavlinlgvirtehcoagncitzisecdotnhteenbteendiglererleanntdrigbhutst
of the Southern States. All its sympathy, if not
more direct succour, is given to the Fenians who,
moreover, cowmheomfrohmavAe edmseerrvica, and
thdthee
amrmoisetsdoe
f-
terthe North. Thus it is that Ireland, so cruelly, so
iniquitously treated in former times, is become a
continues subjecto
tghrea grave
u nivanxietyer
remember s,England.toa n im m
e'n' Ts
ehe
majorityi Irish,"
,"
loyal, but when we to
eber the complaints they
have
readiness
titEhnwglhainedh wFeenicaannismea,siilny conceivespiteof
the
orthe
etff
s of the Catholic clergy, finds recruits among
the people. We cannot too strongly reprobate
the Fenian agitation and the crimes which it has
already provoked ; in the first place because these
crimes are crime 9, and the principles advocated by
the Fenians are anarchical principles ; and secondly
because this agitation cannot but render the lot
of Ireland still more miserable.
But it is of importance to note the attitude which
the liberal Press is taking up towards this agita-
tion. We have nothing to say against the liberal
Press for opposing Fenianism as we do, although
it may astonish us ; but it is good to know the
reason why it does so. One of the organs of
Liberalism is calling the attention of its contem-
poraries to the subject. Some of them had ex-
pressed sympathy with Ireland. " Take care,"
says the other, " what you are about ; it is England
which we must support, because it is the last refuge
of Liberalism, the only Power able to oppose the
complete triumph of clericalism,' which is rais-
ing its head again on the Continent." The matter
then stands thus : The liberal Press will combat
Fenianism because it is, as it pretends, one of the
weapons of " clericalism." It will turn its back
upon Ireland, as by-the-bye it has always done,
and England, which admires Garibaldianism in
Italy, but fears it at home, is to be defended by all
the friends of liberty. But this is adopting a
course of conduct contrary to that of the United
States, which these friends of liberty admire so
much, but what matters one contradiction the
more?' . . . Such conduct, also, on the part of
the liberal Press, is to go against Juarez, the
Mexican Garibaldi, whomn our Liberals admire so
much, although, perhaps, because, in union with
the United States, he has forced us to abandon
Mexico before its time; but Juarez persecutes the
"clericals." Such noble conduct blots out all his
faults.

LADY HERBER7 AND THE WESTWNSTER
POOR.

The following letter has been addressed to the
editor of the Times:—
Slll,—May I venture once more to call the at-
tention of your readers to the state of extreme
suffering which now exists among the better class
of poor in the Westminster district, to which I
belong ? It is not only occasioned by the severity
of the weather, but by the almost unprecedented
want of employment among the most respectable
of the working classes- They have literally
nothing to do ; and where the bread-winner is
" at play" for weeks, the consequences to the
family are terrible. A case was brought before me
a few days ago of a very respectable woman, the
mother of a large family, whose husband, though
thoroughly sober and industrious, had been out of
employment for months. She was lying on some rags
in a corner of the room, and evidently dying from
want. Too independent to beg, they had made their
wants known to none. Everything they possessed
had been pawned for food, and the voracity with
which it was devoured by the children, when given,
was horrible to see. But this is no exceptional
case ; the overwhelming number of sick calls which
have been crowded upon me during the last few
weeks have, with very few exceptions, been caused
by nothing but the want of the common necessaries
of life. Well may a well-known popular writer
exclaim—" The feasts and fasts are very well ob-
served in England ; the rich keep all the feasts,
and the poor the fasts !" What I wish to make
people understand is that the misery we have to
meet is not the mere suffering which must attend
the yearly recurrence of bitter cold and biting
frost, but a distress quite independent of the season,
and, moreover, that the hardest months are yet
to come.

Surely there are hundreds living at ease in this
rich country who would gladly give of their abun-
dance were the facts brought efore their notice?--
I remain, sir, your faithful servant,

MARY ELIZABETH HERBERT.

Wilton-house, Jan. 7.

Donations gladly received by the Lady Herbert,
Wilton-house, Salisbury ; the Rev. Francis Kirk,
25, Palace-street, Buckingham-gate, London ; and
the Sisters of Charity, Carlisle-place, West-
minster, London.

2 HE UWE POLICY OF ENGLAND

TOWARDS IRELAND.

Never was there such an opportunity as the
present for English statesmanship to rise above
a commonplace level, and, in a broad and gene-
rous spirit, settle the Irish difficulty. This .is
not the hour for recrimination. It is confessed
that England has committed grievous wrongs
against Ireland, against her liberty, and against
her religion in past times, that numerous abuses,
some of a larger, and some of a lesser kind, exist in
Ireland, either injurious to the interests of the
people or insulting to their national or religious
feelings. On the other hand, Fenianism is a
cruel and cowardly conspiracy, it is a crime against
social order as well as against religion, and has to
be put down by the strong arm of the. law. On
these points there isno dispute. No Government
in England but desires to remove the exist-
ing abuses, and those who have the interests of
Ireland most at heart have denounced Fenianism
as a crime, condemned by the Church equally. with
Garibaldianism. But, after such an elementary
agreement, the difficulty of a real reconcilement
between England and Ireland begins; for, without
such a national reconcilement, little can be done.
Speaking almost as if they were representing,
as
no doubt they were, the opinions of a body so
capable of judging of the interests and feelings
of Ireland as the Irish clergy, the Very Rev.
Dr. O'Brien and the clergy of Limerick aeknow
ledge in their able declaration the preva-
lence in Ireland of a widespread disaffection,
so determined in its character as in not im-
possible contingencies to be dangerous to the
stability of the Empire. If it be true that the long
neglect which Ireland has suffered, coupled with
accidental circumstances such as the late American
war, and its results in giving Fenianism a s mi-
military organization, and the spread of revolu-
tionary ideas on the Continent and at home, has
brought about such a state of things as is de-
scribed in the Limerick declaration, every loyal
Englishman, not only out of a sense of justice,
but out of love of country, ought to insist upon
a true reconciliation with Ireland. In a gene-
rous nature it cannot, of ter all, be so difficult to
make the first step. England has not only to do
justice now, but amends to make. When once
the will is there at all costs to make peace with