The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-24 00:00:00

Ur brittiilkt lilt

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 24, 1844.

The proceedings which took place at Edinburgh on
Wednesday will be read with deep interest by every
British subject. After a lapse of half a century
justice has been done to the memory of Mum, and
PALMER. and SRIRVING, and the other brave re-
formers, who dared to raise their voices against cor-
ruption and oppression—who risked and lost every-
thing dear in life for their country's cause, who suf-
fered and died, with one exception, like felons—men
who advocated principles which were carried into
effect in 1832 by the acclamation of the United Em-
pire. It is melancholy to look back on such a scene,
to reflect on the savage despotism, and the brow-
beating of the Scotch bench, the servile imitation of
the jury, the atrocious sentence passed on prisoners
who are justly entitled to the rank of martyrs in a
great and good cause, and at the same time remem-
ber that these " felons " paved the way to reform,
and only advocated priciples which, forty years after-
wards, were sanctioned by King, Lords, and Com-
mons. The scene exhibits a heart-rending picture
of human nature. They were all men of irreproach-
able character ; they were actuated by the purest
feelings of patriotism ; they excited no sedition , they
merely proclaimed the political doctrines of the' pre-
sent
age ; but they came before their time ; they
were in advance of the spirit of the age, and they
were hunted to death like the vile monsters that dis-
graced the French Revolution. Well may unsettled
minds look with doubt on the dispensations of pro-
vidence when they find such merit subjected to such
fearful inflictions, and the only redress is a public
dinner and a monument, forty. five years after most
of them had expired in miserable exile, and among
the most degraded and wicked of the human race.
It is some consolation, however, to know that justice has
at last been done to their memory; that an old reformer,
Nilo struggled with them in the noble cause of li-
berty, Sir JAMES GIBBON CRAIG, survived to preside
over the meeting; and that the son of one of these
martyrs of the people's rights was present to repre-
sent the feelings and the spirit of his murdered pa-
rent. 1:31,t, after all, it is a poor consolation. Scot-
land can never wipe out the stain by public monu-
ments, or banquets, or by • l
umversa expressions of

regret. It must for ever remain a stigma on the country
that, while patriots, struggling for her rights, were
sacrificed almost by common consent, English juries
stood up nobly for their fellow-subjects, saved TOOKE,
HARDY, and their colleagues from a similar fate, and
set all the machinations of a strong and unscrupulous
Government at defiance. We admit there were ex-
ceptions. Some of the leaders of the Whig party in
Scotland, and, among the rest, the ERSKINES, distin-
guished themselves in the cause of liberty ; but their
numbers were small, and the wild fury of the nation
overpowered every generous and patriotic sentiment.
Most of them are gone to their rest. Sir JAMES
GIBSON CRAIG is almost the only survivor. He is
now in his eightieth year. He long kept the whole
herd of Tories at bay ; and it is gratifying to find
that his speech on this occasion exhibits all the fresh-
ness and vigour of youth. Right principles, in the
end, prevail ; but the best and the bravest are generally
sacrificed before the great work is accomplished.

While Government are busily engaged during the
recess—as they have led us to suppose they will be—
preparing a scheme of education for the Irish, we trust
that they will not omit to take into their considera-
tion the glaring deficiencies in this respect of the
lower classes of the English, both in the manufac-
turing and in the agricultural districts. That they
failed last year in their proposed plan of instruction
is no reason why they should not persevere, especially
as their failure will have the effect of acting as a useful
warning, by showing them wherein their plan was
defective, and furnishing them with hints and sug-
gestions for amending it. The education of the
masses is not one of those questions that can afford to
wait the leisure of Parliament and the convenience
of Ministers. It is pressing—imperative—and the
longer it is delayed, and the more it is trifled with,
the greater will be the difficulty of bringing it to a
satisfactory adjustment. At least one-half of the
agrarian outrages that are of such continual occur-
rence in the south and west of Ireland, may be traced
to the deplorable ignorance of the peasantry ; and
who can doubt that the midnight vagaries of Swing
have the same origin ? By accounts that appeared a
short while since in The Sun, it seems that the ma-
jority of those recently convicted of incendiarism
had received scarcely any education at all ; while of
twenty who were convicted of various offences at the
quarter sessions in one of the Wilts districts, upwards
of fifteen could neither read nor write ! What a com-
ment is this on the supineness and want of foresight of
Government, which legislates with restless officious-
ness for a variety of petty, partial grievances, while it
leaves the great grievance of all nearly, if not wholly,
unredressed ! We hear much in Parliament of the
commercial difficulties of the people, who are some-
times patted on the back for their forbearance, and at
other times taunted with their sullen Chartist heresies;
but seldom is their benighted ignorance alluded to in
A spirit worthy of the occasion, or any indication
manifested of the earnest wish on the part of Parlia-
ment, boldly to grapple with the subject. Whigs and
Tories seem equally to shrink from the task, as though
it were surrounded with difficulties beyond their
power to overcome. We are not aware that any edu-
cational measures on a comprehensive scale were pro-
jected during the ten years of Whig supremacy; and
sure we are that our present Tory rulers—not-
withstanding that year by year the evil has been ac-
luiring fresh strength—have as yet turned their
attention but slightly and indolently to the great busi-
ness of education. Well, the evil, we trust, is now
about to be remedied ; and for the best of all possible
reasons—namely, that it can no longer be staved off
with impunity. It is good that the people should be
provided with the means of subsistence; that the
burdens which press so heavily on them should be
lightened; that ample work should be found for
them, by liberating trade and commerce from the
fetters in which they are at present bound ;—all this,
we say, is good, and worthy the most serious atten-
tion of the Legislature; but better still is it that the
people should be rationally instructed, for by these
neans—and these only—the ground-work is laid for
their advancement in life; principles of common-
sense, justice, and morality are instilled into them,
which in due course will have all the force of a second
nature ; and the best of all guarantees is given for
real, lasting, national tranquillity. The energies of
an uneducated people are never to be relied on, for in
seasons of distress and difficulty, they are far more
likely to take a wrong than a right direction. That
such is attpost invariably the fact, we saw in the ser-
vile insattection under the leadership of FROST and
other Chartist agitators; and, still more recently, in
the extensive outbreak in the manufacturing districts,
which at one time threatened to involve the whole
north of England in anarchy. The strikes of work-
men, too, which are so frequently occurring in the
colliery and mining districts, where education is no-
toriously at a lower ebb than elsewhere, may be all
traced to the same source—the besotted ignorance of
those who take part in them, and who, as a necessary
consequence, adopt the very means which are the
most certain to increase their distress. Surely, with
these facts staring them in the face, Ministers will be
greatly to blame if they hesitate any longer to put
their shoulder to the wheel, and grapple with the
momentous question of education, in a prompt—con-
ciliatory—comprehensive and energetic spirit I

Madrid journals of the 16th have been received. In
one of them we find a letter from Algesiras confirm-
ing the intelligence from Marshal BUGEAUD, conveyed
by the French telegraph. "A report is current," the
writer states, "that the bombardment of Tangiers
was decided by the arrival of a telegraphic dispatch
for Marshal BUGEAUD, in which the Prince de Joni-
mix was informed that the Marshal's troops bad
had another engagement with 20,000 Moors un-
der ADD-EL-KADER• It is added that the Marshal
has been wounded in that action. Time will tell what
truth there is in these reports ; but, whatever the cause
may have been of the bombardment of Tangiers, it is
certain that the fortifications of the place have been
destroyed."
Accounts from Barcelona of the 17th announced
that the QUEEN reached Valencia on the 15th.

On the Madrid Bourse the Three per Cents. were
quoted at 27i at 60 days.

Private letters from Paris mention that there is

every probability of the Otaheite affair being settled
amicably. It is said that Captain BRUAT, disapprov-
ing of the arrest and expulsion of Mr. PRITCHARD,
had reprimanded M. D'Aunicrtr, and suspended him
till further orders from his Government. We shall
rejoice to find this statement confirmed; but as no
dates are given, nor any mention made of later arri-
vals from the Pacific, it must be regarded as a mere
‘,Fort, though ULIU ts extremely probable.
Captain BRUAT was selected by the French Cabinet
as a prudent and skilful man to succeed Admiral Du-
PETIT THOUARB, and it is not at all unlikely that he
at once disowned an act involving such heavy respon-
sibilities.

The following telegraphic dispatch was received
by the Government on the
.22d instant :—" The last
accounts from Marshal BUGEAUD are of the 9th. At
that date the Marshal still occupied the camp of Lella
Magrina. The negotiations with the Moorish camp
had yielded no result. The Marshal's army had been
abundantly supplied by our steamers. The squadron
of the Prince de Joovinns was still on the 9th in the
waters of Tangiers."
A later dispatch, which will be found under the
proper head, brings intelligence from Marshal Bu-
GEAUD, of the 14th, and announces that he had gained
a great victory over 20,000 Moorish cavalry. The
journals are still almost exclusively occupied with the
affairs of Morocco ; and we regret to find that owing
to some indiscreet articles in the London newspapers,
the tone of even the Ministerial press is somewhat al-

ered. The Globe thus alludes to these articles

" Some days ago the Passe said that tho journals
would fill up the forced silence of the Chambers on both
sides of the Channel, and that their mission became the
more important in proportion to the increased gravity of
circumstances. Yes ! the mission of the periodical press
would indeed become great and high if it would devote
itself to enlighten men's minds instead of disturbing
them. But it had rendered itself little because it has
undertaken a miserable task—a task of rancorous and
',arrow recrimination. No--the press cannot supply the
forced silence of the Chambers, because the Chambers
are the soul, the intelligence
its the justice, and the inte-
rests of a nation, and the press in general is but its igno-
rance, passion, and !Am its raging even to delirium.
We apply this to the journals of England as well as of
France. On both sides the journals are spirits of dark-
ness, hatred, and haTharisui.: On neither side do they
stand forth as the sentinels of justice, peace, and civilisa-
tion. The harsh task which we had imposed upon our-
selves of making known the French press to French
readers has been too faithfully accomplished to leave

any necessity for our further demonstrating how well-
founded are our charges against it. It remains only,
therefore, for us to establish by the proofs that are in our
hands, that the English press is in no great degree be-
hind our own in irrationality, inconsistency, and evil
instinct. We regret to be obliged to produce the Tivies,
a journal of so much importance, as a specimen of the
bad spirit which seems to predominate over journalism
in the free countries of Europe."
It afterwards adds :

" If it be true that order would be disturbed in France,
that our new-born dynasty would be endangered, that
our railroads would remain unfinished—that Paris, that
great seat of industry, would be deserted by foreigners,
and that with them employment, profit, and wealth,
would depart ; that every branch of our national industry
would receive a rude shock ; it is equally true that on the
day when the flames of war should break forth the voice
of O'Connell, now smothered, would be beard aloud ;
the element of democracy would make the aristocracy
pay dear for the aid it might lend. You would sow dis-
order and uneasiness amongst us, but you would not pro-
duce a revolution. Go to ! neither you nor we, nor any
portion of Europe, have anything to gain by a war. All
of us have need of order, undisturbed industry, and sta-
bility, and we all depend upon each other. The
first cannon-ball you fire against us will strike
all Europe to the heart. It is for this that we wish for
peace, and not from want of confidence in our own
strength or from fear of yours. When you talk of your
strength you commit an enormously great act of impru-
dence—you place yourselves on a ground from which
we have never stirred. England would be against us !
But we have had all Europe upon us, and she will long
bear the marks of the wounds we have inflicted upon
her. Would you know what has greater influence over
us than the strength of England—than all the might of
Europe? We reply, justice and equity. Convince us
that we are wrong, and though we will never yield a
step to dictates issued from the cannon's mouth, we will
give way to the arguments of good sense and truth. All
this would be very alarming if France and England
were governed by journals. But this is not the case.
The journals, through the calumet which is called a pen,
blow storms and tempests in the ocean, which is called
an ink-bottle. All this comes from no great elevation,
and penetrates to no great depth. Those who rule are,
like travellers seated on the summit of the Alps—the
storm is at their feet, but a calm is around them, and the
invariable canopy of Heaven above their heads."
The Journal des Debats adopts nearly the same
strain, but the writers in these journals ought to re-
member that the English newspipers were not the
first to begin the war of words, and that many inju-
rious epithets were for months applied to England
without any retaliation. The Journal des Debats, in
reference to such angry discussions, says :

" The English press shows far more anxiety about the
results of the bombardment of Tangiers than that of
France, and exhibits its uneasiness in a manner which,
we must declare, does it but little honour. The French
Government has formally and publicly expressed its re-
solution to wage only a defensive war ; it has declared
several times that it has not the slightest intention to
add an inch of territory to its African possessions, and
yet it is in presence of these reiterated declarations that
the English journals take the trouble of protesting
against all permanent occupation of Morocco by France.
We have already asserted, and we now repeat it, that
such a proceeding is what is called showing courage
and firmness at a cheap rate. It is most ungracious
to impose on France limits which she had traced
out for herself beforehand, of her own accord, and with-
out the permission of any one. The French Go-
vernment has no desire to take Morocco, but it wishes
to keep Algeria. It may suit the English press to
deprecate what is taking place in French Africa, and
to say that we are losing our time, men, and money
there. That may be the case ; but, at all events, that
only regards ourselves, and we are but little sensible to
the interest that is so kindly shown for our finances.
We know not what England would have done with
Algiers, if she had got it ; but we have it, and will ex -
pend, if necesary, millions of francs and thousands of
men, to keep it. We conjure the English press to watch
more carefully over itself, for it plays a part but little
worthy of itself, and of the great country the opinion of
which it represents. It turns a particular and accidental
question into a general one, threatens us with a coalition,
makes an appeal to the passions of 1815, and boasts of
the support of Russia, Austria, and Prussia. There is
but little honour in thus threatening with the sword of
others. England, if she accepted the responsiblity
such a language, would strongly contradict herself. She
saluted with an enthusiasm, which, in spite of every-
thing we have not lost the memory of, the revolution of 1830,
because she beheld there the triumph of constitutional
principles, and the victory of legal liberties. It is owing
to the union of the two great liberal nations of the west
that Belgium was able to found her nationality, and that
Portugal and Spain could give themselves a Parlia-
mentary Government. Would England be now disposed
to repudiate this glorious obligation, and to repudiate
the cause of civilisation, progress, and liberty ? We
think not."

Considerable agitation prevailed in the Paris Bourse
on Thursday. The Three per Cents. at one time fell
to 78f. 85c. They finally closed at 80f. 10c., and the
Fives at 120 f.

THE BOURSE-SATURDAY, AUGUST 22.

First Highest L.west

Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Five perC slits • • .... 120 05 .. 120 05 .. 119 95 .. 120 05
Three per Cents.• •• • 80 05 .. SO 20 .. 80 05 . • 80 10
Bank of France 3035 ..3035 ..3035 ..3035
LaiEtta Bank, I,ooof. Shareslo9o ..1090 .. 1090 .. 1090
5,000 f. Sharesso6o ..5060 ..5060 ..5060
Belgian Bank ....••...... 665 .. 665 .. 660 .. 660
Belgian Fives, 1831. •• • lO3l .. 1031 1031 .. 1031
1840:•• •• • 1031 .. 1031 .. 1031 .. 1031
1842 .• •• • . lO6l .. 1061 .. 1061 .. 1061
Spanish Active .. •• • ••• •• 3O .. 30 .. 30 .. 30
Passive bi .. 51 .. 51
New Deferred l3 .. 13 .. 13 .• 13
Neapolitan •.. .. 97 75 .. 97 90 .• 97 75 .. 97 80
Roman . . lO4 .. 104 .. 104 .. 104

RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles, R.B. . 370 .. 372 50 .. 370 .. 372 50
L. 8•.....
Rouen••
Rouen to Havre.. 730 .. 730 .. 715 .. 715

Orleans • . 932 50 .• 935

.. 930

.. 935

Strasburg to 8a1e.... —.. .. 232 5C .. 235 .. 232 .50 .. 233 75
Avignon to Marseilles.. •• .. 746 .. 745 . 740 .. 740
RAILWAY SHARES FOR THE ACCOUNT, 31sT OF AUGUST.
Versailles, R.B. • • .. • • .. .. .. 370 .. 370 .. 370 .. 370
L. 8............. 230 .. 230 .. 227 50 • • 227 50
Rouen'. .• • • • • . • ........... 940 .. 945 .. 937 50 .. 940

Rouento Hane.• •••••• .. 722 50 .. 722 N .. 717 50 .. 717 50

Orleans: . .... ..• • . • - • • .... 930

.. 935

.. 930

Strasburg to Bale • • • • • • 233 55 .. 235
Avignon to Marseilles • • • . • • 745 •• 745

•• 935

. 233 75 .. 238
738 75 .. 740

CATLIN'S AMERICAN EXHIBI-
TION-THE IO WAY INDIANS.

It might very reasonably be asked has all the
world mistaken the season ? Or has all the world
resolved to stay in town for the judges' decision on
the Irish appeal, and to anticipate even The Sun ex-
press on that important occasion ? Whatever may be
the answer to these interesting questions, one thing is
certain, that the exhibitions of science and art were
never known to be so fully attended at this advanced
period of the year as they are now. The fourteen
loway Indians had yesterday a most crowded levee in
Mr. Catlin's Indian Gallery, at the Egyptian Hall.
This exceedingly picturesque group, with their shorn
and crested heads, tasteful, though wild, cos-
tume, and plaited scalp-lock, presented a spectacle of
the deepest interest, and we heard more than one per-
son sighingly express a hope that however rapid may
be the decline of this noble race of men, their extinc-
tion is not so certain as their patron apprehends.
This party is composed of the most influential men of
the tribe, and may be regarded as a sort of delegation
from the red men, with the express permission of the
American President, to exhibit to Europe the last
remnant of that important branch of the human family
which European aggression is rapidly extinguishing.
Of the seven men who compose this party, three are
chiefs, one of them (White Cloud), the first and he-
reditary chief, being six feet six inches high, and a
remarkably handsome man. None of the other war-
riors are less than six feet high. They are also of
muscular and robust make, except in the arms, which
are exceedingly slender, the biceps muscle especially
being very poorly developed. Their war and other

dances, songs, games, were exhibited with great
ana caned forth repeated expressions of surprise
and satisfaction from their numerous visitors. The
boy ten years old, and little Papoose (who, by the
way, was most amusingly sleepy) attracted, with the
sedate and patient-looking squaws, perhaps quite as
much attention as the warriors. We should have said
that the exhibition was prefaced by an instructive and
really eloquent lecture from Mr. Catlin, who was
warmly applauded.

ERRATUM.—In a paragraph relative to the floods
on the continent, which appeared in The Sun of yester-
day, under the head of" Foreign Summary," the words
" in Poland " were omitted.

FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT ON BOARD THE RIVER
QUEEN.—On Wednesday afternoon, an accident of a
frightful character took place on board the River Queen
upon her voyage to Ipswich from Walton-on-the-Naze,
in Essex. It appears that the vessel, as usual upon days
when she takes an " Excursion," had a crowded deck
and cabin, and some parties to avoid the crush went
down into the engine room, open under the permission
of the engineer. Among these were Captain Robert
Resker, of the Zephyr brig, belonging to this port, his
wife, and several other persons. Resker afterwards
came on deck and sat upon the hatches connected with
the light above the engine room. From this position be
was seen to rise, and then suddenly to fall backwards
through an opening upon the engine, within the works
of which he was caught, and though the engineer, prompt
at his post, stopped the way of the boat immediately, the
unfortunate man was crushed to death in an instant.—
Suffolk Chronicle.
MATCH AGAINST TIME.—On Thursday afternoon
a match for fifty guineas took place on the Essex-road.
Mr. Adam Preston undertook for the above sum (the
money having been put down by a friend of the rider) to
ride five miles in fifteen minutes, 1. e. three miles out and
two miles in, to be allowed one minute for turning. The
distance to be from Whipeross to the White Hart,
Woodford, then to turn, and back to the two-mile stone
The parties met at the Salmon and Ball, Bethnal-green,
when the worthy host, Mr. Lord, proceeded with them
to take time; and, as he was the acceptor of the wager,
he not only took the time but the money, as the rider
broke down in the first two miles. _ _

_______ .............. ~.......---- --- ......____
LEICESTER STATE OP TRADE.---There iS a fair de-
mand for all kinds of hosiery gloves and fancy goods.
Prices remain firm, with a tendency to advance. The
workmen in all branches are fully employed.—Leicesier.
shire Mercury.