The Sun.
London, England, 1850-09-04 00:00:00

Saturday, shortly after noon, the signal was made for
the " main division to make sail." Aretbusa and
Leander immediately shook out reefs of topsail, but it
was noticed that the Prince Regent took no part in
these proceedings. Our speculations were speedily set
aside by the signal that the two farmer ships were to
try rate of sailing by the wind. At 12.15 they started
on the starboard tack under all plain sail. The wind
weal very variable, and in less than an hour had altered
nearly three pints. Under these circumstances we
coratieler that the commodore, having ordered the vessels
to close, was of opinion that the trial would be unsatis-
faetory, and therefore annulled it. When ordered to
close Arethuse had gained on Leander 520 yards. It
is but fair to obrerve that every change of wind was in
favour of the Arcthusa, the ships falling off. Sea
smooth; force mild 3to 4; distance sailed 6.5 miles.
On Monday we had a trial off the wind, commencing
at 11 A at. and ending at 3 PM , wind E.N.E., course
W.N.W., force of wind 3 ti 4, sea smooth, and rate of
going 54 to Si knots. Whole distance run 25 miles,
under aft sail with starboard studding sails. The bear-
ings and distanc:-s of the ships from Prince Regent at
starting were as under:—)The Phaeton, S. 9 E , distance
1.75 milt s; Leander, S. 16 E., distance 1.36 tni:C.l; Are-
Lhasa, S. 38 E , distance 1.94 miles; Arrogant, S. 17 E.,
distance 2.25 miles. At the termination Phaeton had
gained on Prince Regent 4.13 miles; L. ander, 1.25
miles; Arethusa, 1.15 miles; Arrogant, 2.42 miles.
On Tuesday, 30th July, made St. Michael's, and on
Wedcesday commodore stood in towards Villa Franca,
and communicated with the consul, the squadron stand-
ing off and on under easy sail. We expected to be at
Fayal so as to meet the homeward-bound, West India
Mail, but after dodging about the channels leading to
that island, we went off towards Augou, chiet town of
Terceira. Whilst the commodore aas communicating
with the consul the frigates were exercising at general
quarters, firing at a mark. This was on Saturday, 3d
August. In the evening we bore up for Lisbon. On
Monday, sth, we had a trial by the wind, commencing
at 10 30 A.M., and ending at 3 30 ran, wind light, vary-
ing from N.E. to N.N.E., slight head swell and strength
of wind 4. At starting Arrogant was on Phaeton's
most quarter, Leander on her starboard bow; and Are-
thus aon larboard quarter of Leander. They started on
the port tack. Shortly after starting Leander split her
foretopgallant•sail. This accident gave her competitors
considerable advantage. About 1 P.M. her royal haul-
yards carried away. This trial, after various fluctuations,
terminated as follows:—Phaeton gained on Prince Re-
gent 8.32 miles; Leander, 3.50 miles; Arethuse, 2.70
miles; and Arrogant, 4.38 miles.
Arrogant has improved in a most astonishing degree
since our last trials ; and Leander has improved, but in
a less degree. We have yet to try in a strong breeze ;
but the general impression is that the vessel is not;ye
built which will excel the Phaeton.

MAGAZINES, &c.—(CON TIN UED
DUBLIN UNIVERSITY.

In the present number our scampish young friend,
Ileturice Tiernay, has a very narrow escape for his
life, after condemnation to death by a court-martial
for breach of discipline induced by over-zeal to rout
the enemy. His career is, we anticipate, about to
take a very interesting turn. The notice of Lsigh
Hunt's Autobiography is a very readable paper, doing
fair justice to that delightful writer and amiable man.
"Lady Alice Daventry ; or, the Night of Crime,"
is a tale of dark and terrible interest. We
have next an article devoted to Words-
worth's new poem " The Prelude," a work abounding
with instruction and elevated poetry, and, despite oc-
casional obscurities, well worthy of the fame of the
monarch of the Lake School. Jonathan Freke
Slingsby gives capital versions of some of the popular
chansons of France, among which are those vener-
able vetersns, "Malbroele," ofttimes hummed by Na-
poleon, and the Parisian favourite, "Au Clair de la
lure." We know of no translator who gives
a faithful version, yet with all the air of
original composition, more felicitously than
gentle Master Slingsby. " Elfinair," a legendary
ballad of fairyland, and the stanzas entitled " The
Railway," are well worthy of a place in the pages of
this sterling periodical. The opening chapters of "Grace
Kennedy" are written with power and natural feel
ing, and if the tale be similarly sustained throughout
it is likely to take a high rank among the novels of
domestic life. A clear and complete amount of in-
formation with regard to the origin and working of
the Encumbered Estates Court is embraced in an
article, which stamps a high value on the Svternher
number of this magazine. We would direct particu-
lar attention to it, cordially uniting in the general opi-
nion expressed by the writer as to the great benefits
hich will ultimately arise from the operations of this
long-needed successor, or rather superseder of "that
hoary vice, that grey iniquity," the Court of Chan-
cery. The few pages devoted to a consideration of
the modern French novelists have afforded us exceed-
ing pleasure by the truthfulness and clear-sightedness
which pervades them. Of Balzac, it is said, "Superior
to all the other writers of his country, he is a leader
among their errors. Capable of pourtraying, with
the exquisite simplicity of the most perfect art, every
phase and shade of character—a great dramatist and
powerful narrator—he has over the feelings of his
readers the same control which the musician exercises
on the strings or keys of his instrument. He holds
us for the time bounden slaves to the lamp of his
genius. His humour is playful and variable ; we
laugh and sigh at his bidding. Alas! that he should
have so often and so shamelessly employed these fair
and gracious gifts of his Maker in the service of vice
and seduction, and swelled his pages with a wit so
unpardonably gross, profane, and blasphemous." Of
Paul de Kock—" He is a modern Smollett, and a
Hogarth without his moral intentions. We think,
however, that his readers must sometimes be re-
minded, while engaged with his pages, of one of the
discoveries of modern agriculture, namely, that it is
possible to manure too highly." Of Sue and Dumas
—" They recall, by their gaudy, exaggerated style,
the paintings of the revolutionary David, and like
him, they love to grind up their colours with blood.
And of George Sand—" This intellectual hermaphro-
dite exhibits in her works the frailties and weakness
of the woman combined with the vices of the man.
She plunges into great social questions and philsophic
disquisitions with the same confidence that she handles
a trim. con." Due praise is awarded to Charles de
Bernaud ; to Madame Reybaud, the captivating
writer of the " Annals of the Old Convents of Paris,"
and the brilliant depictor of the glowing landscapes
of the tropics ; to Brisset, Berthoud, and Sandeau.
The following observations struck us as being parti-
cularly happy :
" The genuine wit of the French must strike every
reader of their literature ; it is eminently compact and
keen ; compared with ours, it as the blade of a lancet to
the rusty, coarse-grained steel of a school-boy's bread-
and-che ese knife ; its meaning may travel from one
mind to another, by the airy conveyance of an intona-
tion, an interjection, a single word. It is playful, bril-
liant, intangible as the sunbeam, which we might as
well attempt to catch and shut up in an oak-box, as to
pack in the strong practical sounds of Saxon-English
French wit, or the delicate beauty of French sentiment—
they belong neither to our mind nor our language; they
shrink from our grasp; they grow pale and spiritless
when we attempt to embody them."
And, again, speaking of the novels of the modern
French school,—
" We cannot wonder at the zest with which they are
perused, for the writers, in very many instances, possess
great power; they hold at their command a passionate
and melting eloquence, an exquisite sensibility to grace
and beauty, the acute delicacy of the most vivid pt rcep-
tions, and the resources of the most expressive of living
languages. Disguised and coloured by these precious
properties, for the last to enty years the novelists of
France have been laying before the reading world their
perverted notions on the laws of God and man, on the
sutjects of right and wrong, of morality and immor-
tality; they have be en endeavouring to excite our feel-
ings and enlist our sympathies in behalf of the woman,
Lien corm? tee of 45, who employs herself in the artistic
seduction of some handsome youth—in the unnatural
rivalry of tw.ther and daughter for the affections of one
man—in the betrayal at the sauce time of the erring,
confiding mistrese, and her ignorant hapless femme de-
chambre—in the love of the high-born countess tor some
intelligent peasant or mechanic. At other times, to give
an additional zest to the narrative, we are kept quiver-
ing through the whole if two volumes with the ft ar
that our interesting heroine may be uukuoaingly in-
volved in an intrigue with her own natural son; or, by
way of variety, the whole treasure of un innocent young
heart is lavished on some abominable criminal ; and
others contain scenes and passages with the mention of
which we dared not sully our pages. To deal rightly
with a great proportion of those books—so remarkable
for perverted powers—we should possess Hugh Lati-
mer's heroic gift of plain speaking; and did we arraign
at the bar of critical justice, by their right names, the
sins to which these pages are dedicated, we can assure
the reader we should startle their ears by a very ugly
and ill-sounding nomenclature."
The essay on the character of the late Sir Robert
Peel is a masterly production. It is evidently the
oiLpring of a dispassionate and reflective mind, and
we make no hesitation in yielding our tribute of ad-
miration from the consideration that our own views of
the departed statesman are not altogether in accordance
with those of the gifted writer. On the great ques-
tion of the currency—if not on Catholic emancipation
and the corn-laws—we discern a similarity if opi-
nion to those of our own school, although the writer
bas hovered about, not grappled with the subject, and is
cautious in pronouncing a decided judgment. Had Peel
been spared to his country, we have no doubt that he
would ere long have proved himself the reformer o
th

On Sunday, 11th, we made all sail (I mean the com-,
modore) in order to get an anchorage before dark.
Phaeton lost a mon overboard, who was picked up by
Arrogant. This accident caused them to get out of

station. , and in making sail to regain it the signal was
made to demand the rate of going of Phaeton ; she re-

plied 13i knots ; Phaeton joint under single-reefed
topsails, topgallantsails, and courses. Anchored is
Cascaes Bay and the Bay of Passo d'Arcos in the even-
ing. Phaeton, Leander, and Arrogant got under weigh
early in the following morning, and took up berths off
Lhbon. In consequence of the strong gales, Prince
Regent and A rethusa did not break ground until
Wednesday following. Found here the St. Lawrence
United States frigate, and Colombo Sardinian brig.
These have both left. We are at present waiting the
arrival of a vessel from England with stores. Having
received these we shall be off for another cruise.—
Por ismouth Times.

HEALTH of LONDON DURING the WEEK.
(From the Registrar-General's Return.)
The health of London is now better than it usually
is at this season of the year. 882 deaths were regis-
tered ; the average of the ten corresponding weeks
(1840-9) is 1,078; or, corrected for the increase of
population, 1,176. If the week of 1849 is omitted—
% hen 2,796 persons died—the corrected average is
968 ; and the deaths last week are less by 86 than
this number.
In the last week of August, 1849, cholera carried
off 1,663, diarrhoea 234 lives : in the corresponding
week of this year the deaths from cholera were 4 ;
from diarrhceA 118 ; and at the present time there is
no trace of Asiatic cholera in London. A coster-
monger, with diseased kidneys, died of English cho-
lera in Walworth, on August 21 ; three cases
of cholera infantum were also registered in the week.
The following are the particulars of the four
deaths :
On the 30th of August, at Windsor-cottages,
Mensal-town, the daughter of a single woman,
aged 4 months, " cholera, English (7 days), dy-
sentery."
On the 27th of August, at 110, Lillington•street,
Westminster, the son of a journeyman carpenter,
aged 5 months, " cholera infantum (2 days)."
On the 21st of August, at 1, Union-street, East-
street, St. Peter's, Walworth, a costermonger, aged
28 years, " cholera Anglica, kidneys diseased."—
Post mortem.
On the 28th of July, at the Artillery Barracks,
Woolwich, the daughter of a barrack-master, aged
11 months, " cholera infantum (5 days)."
In addition to diarrhcea, the two zymotic diseases
that deserve attention are typhus and scarlatina ;
typhus was fatal to 14 children, to 23 adults between
the ages of 15 and 60, and to 3 old people—in all to
40 persons ; scarlatina and putrid sore throat to 28
children under the age of 15, to 4 mutts, and to one
person in advanced life. Scarlatina, which is so fatal
to young persons, has been advancing slowly for the
last 30 weeks ; it was fated in the three series of ten
weeks in 146, 185, and 212 cases. It will be ob-
served in the Registrar's notes that, as is usually the
case, the disease has prevailed with severity in parti-
cular localities.
The prevalence of intolerable fetid exhalations from
the sewers during the week appears to have attracted
attention. What would be thought of the arrange-
ments of a city in which the smoke was poured from
the street level ? yet it is known that smoke is
much less noxious than the coitonous vapours that are
still suffered to exhale from the gullyholes into the
streets and houses of the metropolis. If an epidemic
of scarlatina is impending, the removal of this nuisance
should be immediately considered, as nothing tends
more to make scarlatina a putrid disease than stink-
ing, putrescent vapours.
By the Greenwich observations, the mean reading
of the barometer was 29,979 inches, or much higher
than in the previous weeks. The mean temperature
of the Thames was 61 deg., of the air 56 9 deg., which
is 3.5 deg. below the average. The wind was south-
west and north-west, and often stagnant, travelling
at the rate of 230 or 325 miles a day for three days,
and from 40 to 85 miles daring the last four days of
the week. Rain fell on Monday and Wednesday, but
it was not the one-seventh part of an inch.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN
THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUG. 31, 1850.
Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious Diseases ...*267
Diseases of Uncertain Seat 40
Tubercular Diseases ... ... 161
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses... ... 103
Diseases of the heart and Blood-vessels ... 33
Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of

lat impolitic and injurious monetary code of which
he was himself the mistaken though conscientious
originator. Whatever b e our opinions as to the ac-
curacy of the notions clearly and temperately ex-
pressed in these pages, the ability and high tone of
feeling manifested throughout them must be appre-
ciated by their perusers, no matter of what shade of
political feeling. To the concluding tribute to the
private excellences of the mighty dead who will not
heartily respond ?
" Of the private character of this eminent man there
is, there could be, but one opinion. It was, in the
highest degree, excellent. Ho was the light and the joy
of the domestic circle; and his charities found their
stealthy way to many an abode of suffering
and of anguish, where the artist lay upon the bed of
sickness, heart-broken and destitute; or, more unhappy
still, with a family around him pining for food. Often
has the man of letters, whose pen had been dipped in
gall against him, found in him, when overtaken by want
and woe, a munificent benefactor. Nor were those deeds
of mercy few and far between. It is our belief that an
appeal to his compassion, whether by friend or enemy,
never was made i❑ vain; that neither his ear nor his
purse were ever closed to the tale of calamity, from
whomsoever it proceeded; and that he was as simple and
unostentatious in the mode, as he was liberal in the
measure of his princely charities. Doubtless all those
works of love returned largely into his own bosom; and
when be suffered most keenly under what he deemed the
detraction and malignity of party hate, 'sweet must
have bee❑ the odour of tilt it memory, and pleasant the
balm of their consolation!"'

Respiration ... 75
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion...
Diseases of the Kidney s, &c.
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c.
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c.
M al form ation 5...
Premature Birth
Atrophy
Old Age
Sudden .
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance
Causes not specified ...

... ...

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES 882
Population Deaths in corre- Deaths
Enurncraied, sponding week in the

1841.
West Districts... 301,189
North Districts.. 376,568
Central Districts 374,199
East Districts ... 393,067
South Districts.. 503,346

of 1849.
• • 353 ...
.. 309 ...
... 386 ...
712
... 1,036 ...

Week.
122
181
144
208
227

Totals... ..... 1,948,369
Males ... ...

... 2,796

Females

WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 4, leso.

accurately arranged, have now appeared, and we feel
confident that this comprehensive work—a work ne-
cessarily involving vast labour and expense—will, on
its completion, be found the most valuaLle book of
ref2renee which has yet appeared as a Road-.book
and County Atlas, and prove of the most signal
utility to the man of business and the traveller.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM TUB MORNING PAPERS OF TEIS DAY.
CLIRONICLE.—There are some points of strong
and very singular resemblance between the coalition
which closeu the Post-office for seven or eight suc-
cessive Sundays, and the alliance recently in session
at Frankfort, for the promotion of universal peace.
One or two people might perhaps be found who would
offer an easy explanation of the odd analogies we
descry, and who would tell us that the more active of
the Sallbetarian agitators are, as a matter of fact,
precisely the same persons with the snore enthusiastic
devotees of peace ; nor can we ourselves deny a strong
suspicion that, although the tenets of tt:e Quakers
may have excluded the drab element from the Sab-
bath propaganda, and although the decent fervour of
English noblemen and clergymen was certainly not
represented at Frankfort, nevertheless very many of
the same hands which worked the Sunday Screw
have been lately applauding M. de Girardin, or
holding shaking sides when it pleased Mr. Cobden to
juke. Whether, however, it be true or not that
Exeter-hall emptied itself into SC. Paul's, we may be
permitted to wonder at the coincidences exhibited
in the easy-going pace of the slip-shod argument—
in the mild inanity of some speakers, and the
pompous commonplaces of others—in the mutual
encourage meat and glorification—iu the freemasonry
and camaraderie of the leaders—and in the quiet belief
of all parties in the omnipotence of the platform. A
deeper analogy is perhaps involved in the inferences
so coolly drawn both by the Sabbath Observance As-
sociation and by the Peace Congress from the almost
universal concurrence of men in the worthiness of
their respective objects. The repose of the seventh
day—and the repose of the human race—one of these
has been celled the type of the other, and no rational
being will deny either of them to be an end worth
seeking, and worth keeping when attained. But
were we to follow up these admissions by giving all
our reasons for not incontinently mingling in the
.agitations which appeal to them as their justification,
we should find ourselves engaged in discussing the
great radical source of human error—the confusion
between a principle and its application. On one
delusion, pervading the whole visible theory
of. the Peace Congress, we shall offer a few re-
mark 3, because it is the exact counterpart of the capi-
tal mistake into which the clients of Lord Ashley
fell. The Post- office is a great labouring ma-
chine—a standing army is a great killing machine—
and it is argued that, if you suppress these mighty
engines or intermit their action, labour will be saved
pro tante in the one case, and slaughter in the other.
The argument would be perfect if it did not omit
all consideration of the propensities which lead men
to write letters and to kill. So long as people cor-
respond, the Post-office transmits their correspon-
dence with the least possible expenditure of labour.
So long as people vindicate their supposed rights
by force of arms, an organized military force trans-
acts the murderous business with the least possible
expenditure of blood. The proper definition of the
Post-office would be, a great contrivance for econo-
mising work—that of a standing army would be, a
great invention for the preservation of human life.
On the assumption that Sunday labour ceases in
the Post-office on one given day in the week, it
has been calculated that the amount of toil actually
bestowed in the conveyance of letters throughout the
country would be immensely augmented, although nine
hundred and ninety-nine thousandths of the popula-
tion should absolutely forego the receipt and dis-
patch of correspondence. Should the remaining
thousandth be compelled, by perversity, or by the
press of business, to re-establish the broken commu-
nication on their private account, their clumsy and
inartificial contrivances would set a greater number
of hands 'to work, and for a longer time, than the
whole facilities of St. Martin's-le-Grand when in full
and unrestrained operation. The data for effecting
the analogous calculation in the case of armaments
are more widely dispersed and less easily seized, but
they tell their own story to any one possessed of
the feeblest historical aptitudes. Hardly a single
reason can be given why the English Civil Wars
of the seventeenth century should have caused in-
comparably less of slaughter and devastation than the
Wars of the Roses, except the difference, in point of
military organization, between the combatants of
Marston and Worcester and the tumultuary levies
which fought at Towton and Hexham. The example
is the more applicable, because, undoubtedly the Pu-
ritans of the Cromwellian era were infinitely less
averse to bloodshed speculatively than the men of the
15th century. It belongs, however, to the common-
places of history; and, indeed, we should insult the
intelligence of our readers, if we set forth one-half
of the proofs at hand that improvements in the eco-
nomy of armaments and in the art of managing
them constitute the true explanation why Charles
Albert shed less blood than Sforza—why the soldiers
of the first French revolution, who cannot be ac-
cused of any theoretical tenderness for human life,
conducted themselves mercifully, even in La Vends,
compared with the Huguenots and Catholics, with
the Armagnacs and Burgundians—why the Seven
Years' War was less murderous than the Thirty
Years' War, and the late campaign in Hungary than
either of them—why the scenes of Magdeburg are
not repeated at riendsburg—and why ldstadt is not
followtd by the horrible results of Lutzen. We are,
of course, well aware that the Peace Congress nuna
bers many whe, bewildered by a shallow philosophy,
will ascribe the diversities which we have indicated to
the progress of the species, the development of
morality, and the force of public opinion. Those
who remember what sort of deeds were applauded by
tl.e popular voice in 1848, in that very city of Frank-
furt—those who recollect that, when the bonds of dis-
cipline have been momentarily relaxed, the soldiers of
Wellington and Napoleon have rivalled in savage
ferocity those of Count Tilly—will be slow to yield
their concurrence. For ourselves, we did not believe
in 1747 that moral forces had generally subdued brute
impulses, and we need hardly say that we are equally
sceptical in 1850. We should be sorry to think that
Air. Cobden does not share our doubts ; and, sooner
than cast such an imputation on his perceptive
faculties, we should prefer passing to the other
horn of the dilemma on which he has im-
paled himself, and bewailing the feebleness
of his logical powers. Doubtless he sees
what is going on around him, if he reasons upon it
imperfectly. Yet it is passing strange that he should
fall into precisely the same way of thinking with Mr.
Ferrand. The hero of the Wool-League holds that
spinning-jennies are the efficient cause of all the over-
work in the manufacturing districts. The captain of
the Anti-Corn-law League proclaims that standing
armies are guilty of all the bloodshed in the wcrld.
Mr. Ferrand, indeed, seems to discern that somebody
must toil, though every boiler in Manchester be
empty. He, therefore, proposes that old women ex-
clusively should spin. But Mr. Cobden appears to
believe that, if there is an end of the machine, there
will be an end of the labour. If war and tumults are
really to cease through the agency of the Peace Con-
gress, it should negotiate a fusion with the Evangeli.
cal Alliance, and employ itself in purifying the pas-
sions and exalting the aspirations of humanity. Its
time is lost and its funds are wasted so long
as it simply denounces the great organization
in which the evil instincts of an animal na-
ture exhaust themselves. To ascribe war to
standing armies, leaving the pugnacity of man
out of account, is to make the wildest confusion be-
tween cause and effect. To say that if armaments
were disbanded the results of human pugnacity would
be mitigated, is to proclaim a downright falsehood.
Mr. Cobden, it is well known, makes occasional ef-
forts to right himself with his argument by thrusting
his proposal for arbitration clauses and arbitration
courts into conspicuous prominence, as though he
meant to imply that they are " the only perfect sub-
stitute" for military force. We have uniformly
maintained that, if Mr. Cobden wishes to introduce a
new step into the formalities of international proce-
dure, he is entitled to be heard, albeit we can't quite
see why a Congress should be needed to receive his
proposition. Some good may come of it, although
the reform he proposes, if taken in any intelligible
sense, is an excessively small one, and its results
at first must be quite infinitesimal. As to the
exorbitant importance which its author sometimes
sets upon it, it deserves nothing of the sort, and so
Mr. Cobden might have learned from the proceedings
which we reported on Monday last. The represen-
tatives of the principal European States, by their
meeting and protocol on the affairs of Denmark, have
just imitated, as closely as possible, the operations of
Mr. Cobden's hypothetical tribunal. At the late sitting
of the Peace Congress, a Dr. Bodenatedt braved the
rebukes of the President and won the applause of the
audience by vituperating this protocol as the most
atrocious infringement cf the rights of man which
has been perpetrated since the Edict of Nantes was
revoked. Ile was not contravening the principles of
the Congress—not be. He merely wished to give
them, their natural application and their legitimate
expansion. Let the Congress institute a committee
to at bitrate on the Schleswig-Holstein question—he
would promise that united Germany should respect
its decision, provided it were against the London
protocol, and unfavourable to the Danish claims.
Much to the same effect, the English newspaper
which is supposed to have intimate sympathies with
Mr. Cobden assured him the other day that he would
succeed, if he would proclaim the principles of Peace
and Liberty together. Just so, gentlemen. Trans-
form yourselves into a democratic propaganda—pre-
pare for subservience to any popular cry which the
hour and the place may produce—and the world may
then retract the conclusion to which it is fast coming,
that your Congress is little better than a purposeless
mposture. The recommendations of German Uni-
tarianism and English Radicalism embody the only
true significance of your crowds, your harangues,
your itineracy, your correspondences, your political
orators, and your pledges of universal brotherhood.
As for the Peace you promise, it is repudiated and
outraged by every iucideut of your debiltes—by

-----
THE GENTLEMAN'S.
Sylvanus Urban supplieth store of interesting and
readable matter for this present month of September.
lie telleth pleasant anecdotes of Sir Thomas Wyatt
the poet, and his family, describeth graphically and
lithographically various monuments of antiquity to
be found at Cirencester and at Oxford, and adminis-
tereth deserved castigation to Mr. Panizzi for his un-
justifiable delay in compiling the catalogue of the
Museum Library.

7HE PALLADIUM.
A third number of this new and excellent pericdi-
, cal opens most admirably with a criticism upon the
genius of Currer Bell. The writer evinces a subtle
appreciation of those powers of perceptivity which are
absolutely requisite in the novelist. His observation
upon Dickens, that his genius has been " strong
enough to create a literature," and upon Thackeray's
skill in painting his portraits of character, " e.ith a
nicety of di,tinctive taste that makes them infallible,"
are evidences of his ability to comprehend the re-
spective merits of the various living contributors to our
imaginative literature. The following passage fron,
this criticism will show the style in which it is
written:—

" Who is Currer Bell? is a question which has been
variously apse ered, and has lately, we believe, received,
in well informed quarters, a satisfactory reply. A year
or two ago we mentally solved the problem thus: Currer
Bell is a woman. Every word she utters is female. Nut
femine, but female. There is a sex about it which can-
not be mistaken, even in its manliest attire. Though
she translated the manuscript of angels—every thought
neutral and every ft cling cry ptogamous—her voice
would betray her. Though she spoke in thunder, and
had the phrase and idiom of Achilles, she cannot think
in a beard. Far more curious, perhaps, than anything
her pen pourtrays, is her own involuntary revelation of
the heart of woman. It is not merely improbable, but
impossible, that a man has written Jane Eyre.' Only
a woman's eye could see man as she sees him. The
landscape is too near to yes to glow with purple light.
We cannot make a religion of man, for to us he has no
mysteries. We cannot worship the idol whose mortality
aches in all our bones. We hear no oracles—we who
have so often smelt the stench under the tripod. Currer
Bell is not so troubled. She thinks or the abstraction,
man, with all the blissful ignorance of a boy's dreams
of woman. To her, he is a thing to be studied present,
and mused upon absent. He comes, and she owns her
master; departs, and leaves the air full of vision. She
hangs on every word of her hero, as though it were a
message from the unknown. His how d'ye dos' leave a
track of glory behind them, and his monosyllables have
an atmosphere through which they shine the very stars
of fate. For her, he cannot leave the room but on high
intent, and shuts the door after him on a world of busy
speculation. Her cars are open before he speaks, and
the unhappy monarch eats, drinks, coughs, smiles, walks,
and sits in a distressing state of unmitigated significance.
Is he sullen? It is the wrath of Jove; the thunderous
exhalations of a universe of cares. Point not, oh mortal,
thy conducting finger, lest thou bring down the light-
nings of heaven! Is he mute? With holy awe she
listens to his silence, and gazes on the taciturn face, till
the Memnon grows musical. He is plotting empires; he
is dreaming epics; he heaves with incommunicable sor-
rows. Is he gay? She does not wonder that the whole
world looks brighter; for, for aught she knows or doubts,
he may be leagued with the powers of nature them-
selves. Alack-a• day ! But then, to her, he walks in glory;
to us in one pound ten' and a dickey.' To her, the great
hero who shakes the earth; to us, a poor Ilistrio, with rotten
teeth and corns. Never since—or before—the destruction
of the cities has man looked on man with this romance
of latert love. Currer Bell, then, is a woman, and a
young woman. With a heart, when she wrote ' Jane
Eyre,' as yet iinengaged, though perhaps not wholly un-
smitten; with experience of little more latitude than
her home-circle and native parish (though wo augur that
she has been unusually fortunate in the peculiar cha-
racteristics of these), and with powers which have al-
ready drawn the best eyes in England on this young
'Penthesilea mediis in minibus,'
who, if she can endure the trial of early success, will
work one of the richest fields which the world ever offered
to labour, and, hand in hand with one or two poets, may
have to carry down to posterity the ideal literature of
our day."
After this comes a review of the Parliamentary session
just completed, a second paper on "The Invasion of
Nepaul" (interesting to all those who are curious as
to the visit recently paid to England by the Nepaulese
Ambassador), and a notice of the "British Asso.-
elation," revised by Sir David Brewster. Three
more chapters are given of " The Minister of Fi-
nance," and a most eulogistic commemoration, in fact,
a sort of literary apotheosis, of Mr. William
Wordsworth. These, with other miscellaneous papers,
constitute the third number of the Palladium.

FINE ARTS.
THE ART JOURNAL,
Prominent as usual among the contents of this
I elegantly illustrated periodical are the engravings
from the pictures of the Vernon Gallery. Since the
demise of the Queen Dowager the public have been
happily enabled to obtain a view of tl'e original paint•
ings in their present position on the walls of Marl-
borough House. From the first, however, thanks to
the enterprise of the proprietors of the Art Journal,
the people at large, even the inhabitants of the provinces,
have been empowered to obtain sorne notion of the genius
displayed in modern art by Englishmen—empowered
so to do by this admirable series of engraved repre-
sentations. In the number for September we have
an exquisite copy by the graver of Mr. Artlett of the
" Countess " by Sir Thomas Lawrence. Besides
this there is Mr. Cousens' transcript of the " High-
land Cott"age " by A. Fraser; and Mr. Bentley's
plate of The Port of Leghorn," by Sir A. W. Cal-
cott. The latter particularly forms an exquisite
specimen of engraving. As embellishments illus-
trative of passages from the poets we find this month
Miller's sketch of the Ariel of Sbakspere, and
Hulme's representation of the Garden of the Countess
of Winchilsea. The artist's pencil in the last-men-
tioned vignette has truthfully defined those
" paths so lost and trees so high,
That the world may ne'er invade,
Thro' such windings and such shade,
Our unshaken liberty."
Among the miscellaneous contributions to the Art
Journal must be especially particularised a likeness of
John Burnet, accompanied by his autobiography.
Mr. Wornum, the historian of art, contributes a
charming paper on "Modern Moves" among the
artists of our generation. Perhaps the most useful
paper in the number just published is the continua-
tion of the " Dictionary of Terms in Art," and un-
questionably the most curious and interesting is the
account given of Samuel Cooper, miniature painter to
Cromwell and Charles 11., to whose brush we are in- 1
debted for most of the effigies preserved to us of the
great men of the days of the Commonwealth and the
Restoration.

THE HARP UNSTRUNG.*
'Tis said that the light of thy spirit is fled,
That the wild, flashing mirth of thy soul is no more :
Like the urn that remains though the red wine be shed,
Like the rose that is blighted—thy brightness is o'er.
Sweet Harp of Green Erin I thy chords may not give
Such tones of rich music as charmed us of (Al;
Yet the world-vaunted fame of thy minstrel will live
Till the warm soul of Erin grows lifeless and cold.
'Twill live on for ever. A nation will keep
Those sounds of sweet melody fresh in its heart;
Though in darkness and silence the harpstrings may sleep,
The spell which hangs o'er them will never depart.
ELIZABETII P. ROBERTS.
• A newspaper paragraph speaks of the poet Moore as
mentally dead.

.......—____-----,.,
every feature of your organization. Solitudinem STRANGE arsToRY OF A,
facit,nt—pacem appellant, exclaimed the earliest Ger- SMUGGLER.
lean orator of whose eloquence we have any record. (From the Dumfries Courier.)
Now-a-days they collect a mob, and they call it We are indebted for the &flowing extraordinary
Peace.
DAILY NEWS.—When the Times was abetting
story to our respected friend Mr. Joseph Train, of
Castle Douglas :
with might and main the restoration of the despotic "
Although the contraband trade from the Isle of
power of the King of Naples over the Sicilians, the Man was nearly suppressed before I was stationed as
burden of its cry was, that General Filangieri was a an excise officer in Galloway, my duty occasionally
humane and liberal, as well as an enlightened man, brought me into contact with some of the remaining
the King himself placable' and when the King and landloupers of the free trade, a term by which the
his General triumphed, they would grant institntions Manx smugglers were known in the south of Scot-
to Sicily far more consonant with its welfere and land. Msn othe heic achievemets of these constitutional development development than the insurgents could terprising individuals are yet remembered in Galloway
create. Well, the King of Naples and Filangieri and Ayrshire. The persona
were victorious, since which time not a single insti- them are known to me; but I l hiwill here re a
tution has been granted to the Sicilians. Far from few incidents of the
last of these adventurerslateonly with
it, even the Neapolitans were deprived of the last whom I was acinte, merel to show the bad re-
vestige of freedom and even justice. The same was suit of
such a hazardous course oyf life.
the case when the French strove to burst their way y Crowe was for m y years a schoolmaster
into Rome : they would see the Romans in possession in `the Isle of Man, but he 14:: at length induced to
of rational liberty, we were told, and the rigour of embark his lille capital in the free trade, at that time
priestly rule would be moderated. Has any one of carried on to a great extent by the islanders. For
these things been done, or one promise fulThled ? some time he conducted a profitable business between
When Hungary was sought to be crushed under the the Isle of Man and the shores of the Solway, b t
and having lost by his informatiou
feet of Austria, and when, after Austrian discorofi- having a Judas in his emplyment his cog hole t Raeu
ture, Russia was called in to effect the work of berry was discovered by the Customhouse offiacers i
suljugation, and protect the Austrians in the use of Kirkcudbright ;
the executioner's axe and whip, the Times was equally all the contraband goods of which he wes possessed')
bold in in its promises that liberal institutions and laws he was reduced to the necessity of becoming an agent
would be granted to Hungary. How or when has fur more fortunate traders. From this time Myles
this been accomplished ? Hungary is at this moment resided permanently at Kirkcudbright, but he visited
as nakedly exposed to the rod and the sabre as in the Isle of Man annually to receive the rent of a
the first dais of Russian victory. Witness the num- small patrimony which he held there, and generally
hers of the Pesth population driven into the barracks laid out the sum received in the purchase of some
and flogged the other day, merely because they re- contraband commodity. Whilst he dealt in spirits he
fused to cry " Long live the Emperor." A year has was successful, but in other branches of the trade he
now elapsed since the Austrian Ministry completely was less fortunate.
put down insurrection. Yet, what has it done ? "At the time to which I here allude it was the
what founded ? Has it kept any one of its promises fashion for gentlemen to wear very wide small clothes,
of constitutional organization? It sent a civil go. buckled immediately below the knee, and Myles
vernor to Lombardy ; but the military commander Crowe being then a gay fellow, that part of his dress
has kept him a nullity. He has done nothing. The was smuggled nankeen. He had an idea that the
other provinces are left at the mercy of whoever most convenient mode of smuggling a few pounds
chances to command the army ; and he is maintained of tea out of the island was by filling the vacuum of
at his post as long as he is sanguinary and rigid. his small clothes when on his person with that arti-
The moment he tries conciliation, and grants a de. He accordingly filled them up to the waistband;
few pardons, he is recalled, like Haynau. Yet but, unfortunately, just as he was about to embark,
this is the Government that the Times, considered having made a long stride from the quay to the
on the Continent to represent English opinion, lauds vessel, his nankeen dress was thereby rent from side
as its model Government. It actually spent a to side, and instantly his whole cargo of fine congou
column yesterday in laudation of it. Even Bach the showered into the water, to the no small amusement
renegade, once a member of the liberal cause, and of a large assemblage of fashionable spectators, with
since his accession to the Cabinet the upholder of whom the quay of Douglas happened to be at that
every act of proscription and murder, down even to time crowded.
that of Bathyany, he is one of the especial favourites "Finding the tea trade to be rather a precarious
and proteges of the Times. We must protest against business when carried on in such a small way,
these ravings of insanity, not because any of our Myles engaged next in the tobacco line, and, with a
English readers could be perverted by them, but be- view to elude the vigilance of the Custom-
cause they go forth to Germany and to the wide con- house harpies, be rolled his person up like
tinent as the expression of the feelings of Englishmen. an Egyptian mummy, from neck to heel, in spun to-
Were they really so, Englishmen would deserve to be bacco ; and, being a tall, raw-boned, gaunt-looking
kicked and scouted from the face of the earth as the person, he concealed a large quantity in that manner,
most servile and the most selfish betrayers of hu- without increasing his size so as to occasion even the
manity, and as men who, having gained freedom for suspicion of the officers stationed on the quay that he
themselves, were ready to help despots to fetter the carried any contraband commodity on his person.
rest of mankind in order to procure the English the An experienced smuggler of tobacco in a small
monopoly of all moral and material advantages. way generally rolls it immediately over his
It is in truth most disgraceful to the English cha- under garment, but poor Myles fell into the
racter to behold one of its leading organs thus sup- mistake of placing the twist under it. He had
port the most infamous and retrograde of European scarcely reached what sailors call his berth in the
Governments and causes, and not only uphold it in vessel that was to convey him to the shores of Gallo-
its power at home, but aid it in the subjugation of way when he was thrown into a hectic fever by the
more enlightened and more liberal Germany. For tobacco in which he was enrolled, which soon rose to
our part, we care no more for a Prussian dynasty such a height that he seemed to be just on the eve of
than for an Austrian one, for an empire in the north passing from time to eternity. A sailor, who came
more than for one in the south. But when we see to his assistance with a view of allowing him to
the Prussian Monarch grant a constitution, and up- breathe more freely, opened the collar of his shirt,
hold representative government and municipal insti- when, lo ! the tobacco appeared, and the cause of his
tutions, and at the same time recommend and strive indisposition was consequently ascertained. The
to obtain the same advantages for Germany as a skipper, in wrath at his vessel being subjected to the
whole,—when, on the other hand, we see Austria risk of seizure by such a paltry stratagem, instantly
abolishing every shred of constitutional government handed the unfortunate Myles over to the tide-
at home, and insisting that Germany shall have no waiter on duty, who immediately carried his seizure
federal assembly save one composed of the delegates away to the Custom-house. My informant, Mr.
of its courts and princes,—when we see religious Ryall, of Douglas, happened accidentally to peep into
tolerance and freedom of religious opinion and the king's warehouse just as the revenue officers were
worship maintained and extended in Prussia, whilst employed in separating the vegetable from the animal
Austria relapses from lay Catholic rule back into all part of the mighty roll of which Myles Crowe formed
the night of priestly domination, when we the centre. His head only was seen above the tobacco
see education in Prussia conducted by the when the operation of unrolling commenced. Though
most enlightened and liberal men in Europe, he seemed almost unable to stand, one party of the
while in Austria it is prohibited or en- kingsmen drove him round like a whirligig, whilst
trusted to the Jesuits,—when we see in Prussia a another coiled the tobacco, of which they disengaged
him with surprising rapidity.
national army, raised from all the citizens, high and
low, rich and poor, a body incapable of being the in- " Old age and poverty having at last overtaken
the unfortunate Myles Crowe, he became an occa-
strument of oppression, when, on the contrary, we see
sional assistant to a ferryman,
an Austrian Government support itself solely by the who plied on the Dee
jealousy of races, making use of the Croat soldiers to between Kircudbrigbt and Castlesod, in whose em-
ployment he died suddenly, as was supposed, from
crush the Germans, the Germans to oppress the Ita-
lian, and the Italians again to keep down the Bohe- having drank immoderately of ardent spirits. Soon
mian,—when we see in Prussia the most eminent, the after his interment in the old churchyard of Kircud-
b
most instructed, the most wealthy men associated bright, it was rumoured that his corpse had been
together to form a constitutional party, and when carried away by resurrection-men ; but no person
in Austria we see not a vestige of mind or man, having taken the trouble to ascertain the fact, the re-
whoort died away, till the miscreant Stewart, who wa
seems to have an idea, or to cherish a P
principle of constitutional government:—when we hanged in Glasgow in August, 1829, voluntarily ad-
' look upon this picture and on that, we must nutted, just before his execution, that, among many
owr, that with every Englishman who is above
other persona whose death he- had occzsicned by giving
the polities of a tuff-hunter, we prefer the indepen- them deleterious drugs in liquor, and whose bodies ho
demo and ascendancy of North Ger many to the had raised frcni the grave and sold for dissection, was
military and despotic predominance of an empire the old assistant boatman at Kirkcudbright. This
which is one quarto r German in tongue, and which is declaration was confirmed by the grave of Myles
whole Cossack in policy and civilization. Prussia may Crowe being then examined and found empty ; which
succumb in the struggle of light against darkness, and leaves no doubt of the mortal remains of tl.is once re-
spectable individual having been ultimately mangled
freedom rgainst despotism ; but, if 10, it is the fault
of her Government and of her King. By Prussia's on a dissecting table."
succumbing, the North German cause may be for a
moment eclipsed. But as intelligence, and wealth,
and courage must in the end predominate over the
brute qualities contrasted with them, we have no fear
of North Germany finally emerging from any politi-
cal extinguisher that Austria and Russia may frame
at Frankton, or that the Times may lacquer for them.
The fault of the King of Prussia is, that ho puts
his trust in princes, when he ought to have put trust
in peoples. He did so because the majority of
princes seemed favourable to his liberal views. But
it was mere hypocrisy on their part. They prefer
the more despotic to the more enlightened powers. In
an assembly of elected Germans, of men chosen by
all interests fairly, there could be no fear of either
the absence of intelligence or of freedom. But in a
diet of princes, that kind of constitutional assembly
which the Times evidently prefers to all others, it is
plain that popular rights or representative government
could never be entertained or discussed, save to be
interred. And this is what the Times prefers. In
order to be in the least consistent, it ought to propose
the abolition of the House of Commons in this country,
or at least the repeal of the Reform Bill.

THE DUTCH NEW NAVIGATION
LAWS.
The following is an abstract of the Dutch Lew navi-
gation laws:—
" 1. Unconditional repeal of discriminating favours
granted to the Dutch flag, by suppression cf the rules
allowing to this flag preferences above foreign flags.
2. Conditional similarity of flag in the navigation to
and from the Netherlands colonies.
" 3. Stipulations by law, concerning the trade and na-
vigation in tie colonies and possessions cf this realm in
other parts of the world.
" 4. Repeal of the interdiction to grant Netherlands
registers to foreign-built vessels, by admittance of such
vessels at a small duty on their value for registry.
"5. Diminishing of import duties on head materials
for ship- building.
" 6. Suspension of the shipping duties on the Rhine
and Wesel.
"7. Total abolition of transit duties." •

THE HASTINGS MILKMAN.—Jinks, the Hastings
milkman, one morning forgot to water his milk. In the hall
of the first customer in his round the sad omission flashed
upon Jinks' wounded feelings. A large tub of fine clear
water stood on the floor by his side, no eye was upon him,
and thrice did Jinks dilute bis milk with a large measure
filled from the tub, before the maid brought up her jugs.
Jinks served her and went on. While he was bellowing
down the next area his first customer's footman beckoned to
him from the door. Jinks returned, and was immediately
ushered into the library. There sat my Lord, who bad just
tasted the milk. ,•Jinks," said his Lordship. "My Lord,"
replied Jinks. "Jinks," continued his Lordship, " I shall
feel particularly obliged if you would henceforth bring me
the milk and water separately, and allow me the favour of
mixing them myself." " Well, my Lord, it's useless to deny
the thing, for I suppose yi.ur Lordship watched me while—
" No," interrupted the nobleman, "the fact is that my child-
ren bathe at home, Jinks, and the tub in the ball was full of
sea water, Jinks."—companion to a Cigar.
Ambition is to the mind what the cap is to the
falcon ; it blinds us first, and then compels us to tower, by
reason of our blindness.-- Lliza Cook's ..-rournal.
SUICIDE FROM JEALOUSY.--On Sunday William
Coates, an innkeeper at Darlington, committed a most de-
termined act of suicide by placing the muzzle of a double-
barrelled gun in his mouth, and discharging the contents,
causing immediate death. The coroner's inquest was held
on Monday, when it appeared that deceased had for some
time entertained suspicions of the virtue of his wife, who had
lately been addicted to drinking. Some circumstances
having occurred on Monday week to confirm his suspicions,
he turned his wife out of doors, and remained during the
rest of the week in a state of great nervous excitement and
despondency. On Sunday night he closed his house and put
an end to his existence as described. A letter was found in
the pocket of deceased, addressed to the coroner, in which he
stated his intention and the cause of it, and requested that
the little property he possessed might be divided equally
between his two children. The jury returned a verdict of
" Temporary insanity."

A correspondent informs us that a member of the
Peace Congress has returned to England minus a portion of
his wardrobe, and that dark
makers. This is distressing,
but let the forlorn
the integrity of his fellow-prcoace
suspicions cloud his mind as to
pistcon sole himself by reflect-
ingptdbicated his principles by sacrificing
T he instance is not without a
a breeches to philanthropy.
out a strain of
that he has nob-
once poured parallel. An enthusiastic patriot
lyhilvainn
upon a crowd of -eager listeners; he
impassioned eloquence
told them of their wrongs, of the glories of freedom, and of
the beauty of patriot martyrdom. Ile audience shouted, the
orator grew warm ;
in order to cool his heated brow, he un-
covered his head, and placing his hat in a convenient spot, re-
commenced his eloquent discourse. As everything comes to an
end at last, his oration closed, and the orator sought to depart,
when lo! he discovered that his confidence had been abused,
and, turning to his audience, he addressed them in tones of
touching remonstrance, "I ckane to emancipate you," said the
indignant patriot, " I carne to emancipate you, and you stole
my hat." We have seen a great deal written about the
great German mind, and its efforts to expand itself; let the
discontented philanthropist console himself by the reflection
that his missing garments are comforting that portion of the
German frame which a learned professor has proved to de-
monstration is the seat of the German mind. The theory is
rendered a probable one by the appropriateness of such a re-
sidence for such a guest in weight, symmetry, and other par-
ticulars unnecessary to mention. Who would not lose a
breeches to be the benefactor of the great German mind? If
we lived in mythological times, the garment would be trans-
ferred to the skies, and be reckoned with Orion's belt and
Berenice's hair.

AIANCHESTER TRADE REPORT, SEPT. 3. The
intelligence of the Camhria has had some effect in steadying
the market, which for a week or ten days has been in a
very fluctuating condition. Cotton has advanced something
like id., and this has necessarily made our market more firm,
though prices are not quotably higher for any kinds of yarns.
The lower qualities of mule twist keep firm compared with
the fine counts of mule and water twist, which are flat and
slow of sale. There is a very slight improvement in the de-
mand for grey goods, principally 40-in. shirtings; lifeclapol-
lams and T cloths are quiet and unsaleable. On the whole
buyers remain cautious; little business has been ventured
upon ; and until some definite accounts of the crops are re-
ceived from across the Atlantic, it is not expected that large
transactions will be entered into,
SITTINGS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.—Accord-
ing to a return issued yesterday the number of days on
wnich the House of Commons sat during the last session was
129. The greatest number of sittings in any month oc-
curred in July, when the House sat 23 days. The total
number of hours occupied by the sittings was 1,104 14 mi-
nutes, of which 1084 were after midnight. The average
time of sitting per diem was 8 hours 33 minutes and 35 se-
conds. The total Jauntier of entries in the votes during the
session was 8,571.

If every one will but do his duty as an individual,
and will be but courageous and sufficient in the sphere of
his immediate calling, there need be no fear for the weal of
the whole.—Eliza Cook's Journal.

A TOWN wiTuotrr Cens.—On Saturday evening
the town of Liverpool was surprised by the following notice:
—"Notice to the Public—The coach and car proprietors beg
most respectfully to acquant the inhabitants of Liverpool,
and the public, that in consequence of the unjustifiably low
rate of fares which the town council have fixed to be
charged for hackney coaches within the borough and its
vicinity, to the extent of five miles from the General Post-
office, fares utterly inadequate to admit of the proprietors
being ever remunerated, and which are on a much lower
scale than in any town in England (London not excepted),
they have unanimously concluded to discontinue plying for
hire from and after Monday next, Sept. 2, believing it to be
better to make this very serious sacrifice than to work at
rates which will eventually lead to ruitmus consequences.'
Accordingly the various 61 am:6 were deserted during the day.
Strangers coming to town by the railways and steamers
are slid to have felt it molt acutely, inasmuch as,
their arrival at the stations and the pier-head, they
vlere unable
tot L)., perioicetutosroute r,mtheirdetsat Lie;
nat i °buy
omnibuses.ulllessthey would
subnfitThe
affair caused much excitement during the day.

DAMAeKE tiNING.—ThiS term, derived from the
Syrian Damascus, so renowned in art, designates the diffe-
rent kinds of steel ornamentation. The first is the many-
coloured 'catered Damascus blades; the second kind consists
in etching slight ornaments on polished steclwares; the third
is the inlaying of steel of iron with gold or silver, as was
done with sabres, artn,ur, pistol-locks, and gun-barrels. The
designs were deeply engraved, or chased in the metal, and
the lines filled with gold or silver wire, driven in by the ham-
mer, and fastened firmly. This art was brought to great per-
fection by the French artist Conmet, in the reign of Henry
I V. —Art Jouriud.

MARTINET.--There is no doubt the term martinet
is de! ived from the general flicer, M. de Martinet, indicated
by Mr. C. Forbes, and who was, as Voltaire states,celebrated
for having restored and improved the discipline and tactics
of the French army, whence very strict officers came to be
called martinets; but it is also from the restorer of discipline
that the name of what we call cat-o'-nine-tails is in French
martinet? This is rather aninteresting query, considering
how severely our neighbours censure our use of that auxiliary
to discipline.-11 otes and Queries.

TUE HOPS.—The accounts from the hop districts
in Kent are satisfactory. About Maidstone they have a most
luxuriant appearance; in many other districts they are re-
ported as doing well, and likely to exceed the general ave-
rage ; but from some quarters there are complaints of the
effect produced by the cold nights.—Essex Herald.
We learn that, should the Bishop of Exeter persist
in his alleged intention further to disturb the peace of the
Church by prosecuting his charge of heresy against Mr.
Gorham, there is every probability of steps being taken in
reprisal against Dr. Pusey, Archdeacon Wilberforce, and
others, on account of various alleged errors of doctrine con-
tained in the acknowledged writings and sermons of those
liTineo.—Gloucater Journal.

IMPORTS OF PRODUCE INTO LIVERPOOL.—In the
two weeks ended the 28th ult., there were imported into
Liverpool, 225,856 bushels wheat, 28,598 barrels flour, 10,700
sacks flour, 45,610 bushels Indian corn, 208 bags Indiau corn,
5,480 bushels barley, 26,096 bushels oats, and 7,456 bullets
beano.