The Sun.
London, England, 1868-04-27 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 27, 1868

L'o.l/.1 A 7 AFFAIRS.

(From the Roman Correspondent of the Westminster Uazette)

ROME, April 18.

Perhaps you will allow my account last year
of Holy Week and Easter in Rome to stand
me in stead of a detailed description this week.
All that has been remarkable about them this
year has been the absence of any of the ex-
traordinary demonstrations which it had been
predicted would attend them. If we have
many revolutionists among us they are very
tame, or very much addicted to religious cele-
brations—certainly the men of the middle
classes crowd to them in a way you seldom see
in other countries.

The stories of the Holy Father's ill-health
have been fully disproved this week. He
has taken all his usual part in the various
functions, and it was a subject of general re-
mark, both on Thursday and Sunday at the
Benediction in the Piazza of S. Peter's, that
his voice had never been stronger or firmer.
Besides these ceremonies, he has been going
through the exertion of giving an unusual
number of audiences, both public and private.
On the eleventh he received above a thousand
forestieri, and his address was so forcibly spoken
as to be easily heard by all. He spoke of the
advantages of unity, and of the need of it felt
by civil society, as well as by religion, of which
it is the distinctive boast—" When error seems
spread over the face of the earth, when the
powers of hell seem let loose to vex the Church,
and when the world is weary of its ceaseless
struggles, there is no fixed point left amid the
shifting sands but the rock on which rests the
Holy See—the centre of unity." I never saw
the Holy Father speak with more deliberation
and earnestness. Every one present seemed
to catch a vibration of his emotion, and some
seemed scarcely restrained from exclamations
of adhesion. " . . . During this Holy
Week the Church speaks to us of traitors and
hypocrites, and there are many yet in this
world who labour to undermine and destroy
the cause of truth and justice ; we have still
to deal with the duplicity of Caiphas, the vacil-
lation of Pilate, and the degradation of Jadas.
But, at the same time, thanks be to God, we
have also to deal with souls who, in simplicity
and faith, from every climate of the globe, are
continually being drawn within the influence of
the centre of unity. These men feel day by
day, more and more, that unity is strength."
With a voice more thrilling still, he ex-
claimed—" Oh, how many times have I not
lifted up my hands to God to implore this
unity for our world distracted by its multi-
farious errors . . . It was our Divine

Lord's prayer for His Apostles, and for man-
kind, that they might be one in Him, whose
alonp it is to show the way of peace and
of truth. It was no less our Divine Lord's
counsel to His Nascent Church that all its
members should be one in Him."

" And I, His unworthy vicar, am here to
continue the same supplication, the same
counsel."

" I stand here to gather the nations to unity.
I call first on unworthy Catholics to return to
their standard ; I call next on Protestants,
who, for three centuries, have been groping,
in earnest, maybe, but fruitlessly, after truth
where there is no truth ; and I call, also, upon
Schismatics to lay aside their differences that
we may all be united to the Holy See, which is
to be united to God. . . ."

" And now, finally, my children, I give you
my benediction. You will bear it with you
unto your distant homes, where it will be as
the pledge of that unity which is strength.
Oh, Jesus ! oh, my God ! may this blessing,
which my heart and my hands pour out on
these, my children, work out their edification
in unity in this life, and their perseverance
unto the unity which is of the life to come."
_ _

All knelt for the final formula of Benedic-
tion, but at its close there rose a cry only sub-
dued in reverence to the presence in which it
was uttered—" Viva Pio Nono evviva it
Papa-Re!"
On Monday there was another similar recep-
tion, scarcely inferior in numbers, at which
the subject of the Holy Father's address was
suggested by the incident in the gospel of
the day, the meeting with the disciples at
Emaus.

On Wednesday there was another, when M.
Benoit d'Azy read an address, to which his
Holiness was pleased to reply at some length.
He went also to S. Ag,nese, the scene of his
preservation from the accident of the falling in
of a floor some years ago, which, together with
his return from Gaeta on the same day, is
observed here every year by a general illu-
mination.

This illumination was deferred this year
on account of S. Agnes' day falling on Easter
Sunday. Rain, which has been received as a
great boon in the country, has prevented the
display hitherto, but we hare a most brilliant
day to-day, and it will therefore come off to-
night. The preparations are on a scale sur-
passing even those of former years, including,
after the custom here, not only the hanging
out of lamps, but the erection of trophies and
devices, and the laying out of parterres and
illuminated fountains. At a given number of
stations just out of hearing of each other, the
festival is enlivened by bands of music and
discharges of fireworks at various points over
the river.

The luminaria of the Roman college stu-
dents is a very artistic affair, surmounted by
a statue of St. Peter, and will be lighted up by
a continuous Bengal light. Monte Carallo is
an open site, which affords room for one of
the pretty miniature gardens, and the Pope's
arms will shine over the whole in coloured
flame. One which promises to be the most
effective is that of the Piazza SS. Apostoli, in
which is erected a lofty column, surmounted by
a statue of the Pope, with, at the base, four
figures, representing strength and wisdom,
hope and faith, designed by Lenti, the architect.
It is to be illuminated by magnesium light. In
front of Sta Maria della Vittoria itself, a monu-
ment to the.victories of Christian over infidel
armies, is a triumphal arch in honour of the
Sovereign Pontiff and his patron the B.V.M.
in special memory of the late victories of his
defenders. The illumination of Piazza Ponte
S. Angelo bears the same intention. The
Piazza Pia, beyond the head of Ponte S.
Angelo, is occupied by another improvised
garden, similar in character to that of last year,
which it would be hardly possible to exceed
in beauty. The Holy Father is expected to
pass through it on his returning from his after-
noon drive, about the time of lighting up.
He went yesterday to visit the chapel of the
Palazzo Altemps, where the festa is celebrated
on the 17th April. A suite of apartments was
beautifully decorated for the occasion with
hangings and flowers, and the Pope was re-
ceived in the principal sala by the Duca di
Gallesi. The body of the martyr, Pope S.
Anicet (A.D. 168), was found in the catacombs
of S. Sebastian by Clement VIII., who gave it
to the Altemps family. The chapel is spacious,
and fairly painted in fresco with subjects from
the life of the saint. It was visited by a great
crowd throughout the afternoon.
We seem to have more foreign visitors than
ever this Easter. Among them are many
members of both Houses of the Italian Par-
liament, notably Massari, Civinini, and Sineo ;
also Signor Mancardi, director of the national
debt of Italy. He is come, it is said, to settle
questions of detail relative to the reimburse-
ment due from the Government of Victor Em-
manuel to that of the Pope in regard to the
portion of the debt concerning the usurped
provinces. France, it is true, is pledged to see
that Italy repays to the last farthing, but as
yet she has only sent some amounts on ac-
count, and the Holy See has reason enough to
complain of the indifference of the French Go-
vernment to this matter, the engagement
having been taken and ratified in the Flo-
rence Parliament before the evacuation of the
French troops.
The illumination of S.. Peter's, on Sunday,
was effected with all its usual &bit. The
girandola was, as I announced in a former let-

ter at S. Pietro, in Montorio, instead of on
the Pincio. Though the spot is high, there
is a great absence of open space whence it
can be seen, and even those who had good
places within the reserved space complained
that the site was not well adapted for the
display.
A great many of the pilgrims who have
come up according to custom to the Eaiter
function from the kingdom of Naples, would
not be satisfied to return till they had paid
an ovation before the Palazzo Farnese. When
asked what they were doing as they collected
there to greet him on his return from St.
Peter's on Easter-day, one of them replied,
" Don't you know that our king lives here P
He is our king, you must understand, and
we must give him a cheer before we go home."
And I was told by several at the T;inita de'
Pelegrini, where they are lodged, that whole
villages had turned out to send him their greet-
ings by them.
The condition of health of Cardinal Bona-
parte has been a good deal canvassed of late
in certain papers. Ido not heal:, however,
that there is anything seriously the matter.
It is true he had to be taken out fainting dur-
ing one of the Holy Week functions, but this
seems to have been entirely attributable to his
strict observance of Lent. His extremely re-
tiring habits do not cease to be the subject of
comment, and to afford occasion for admiration
in some and suspicions of covert ambition in
others.

One of those bizarre affairs, which are
among the greatest stains of the revolutionary
party, and which contribute to make the life
of the Pontifical Zouaves, even in the quietest
times, one of continual self-oblation, occurred
the other night. It would seem that two or
three men of the garrison of Frascati—one
of them English and one Dutch—were walking
quietly towards dark in the neighbourhood of
Mon Dragone, when they were set upon from
behind by a party of foreign Garibaldians,
whose plan seems to have been simply to stab
any they could, and run away. The men's
alertness seems to have saved them from seri-
ous injury, the Dutchman only receiving a
slight wound. The dastardly nature of this
kind of attack deprives it of all justification.
It is difficult even to see what excuse or what
object the man who planned it can propose to
himself. It can but serve to blacken his own
cause. If he succeeded even in disabling three
Zouaves, would the strength of the regiment
be diminished ? Is it not more probable it
would be increased by double the number
of volunteers the next day. There are, how-
ever, such men lurking about. On Tuesday,
after the Mass of Requiem for Lieut. Guille-
rain, one such said sneeringly to a Zouave on
guard, that the Lieutenant had well deserved
his fate. It is not to be imagined that at
such a moment of enthusiasm the man would
take the provocation quietly, and though, as
usual, a speedy escape was resorted to, I be-
lieve the fellow carried away with him some
well-deserved marks of rough handling.
The site chosen for the camp shortly to be
formed for training our men to campaigning
work, is the so-called Campi d'Anibale, just
above Rocca di Papa, under Mont Cavi, and as
at present arranged, will comprise one brigade.
Mgr. de Merode sang a Mass of Requiem
for Lieut. Guillemin at Sta. Chiara, the Church
of the French Seminary, on Tuesday. Th:s
diocese, anxious to possess his relics, sent Canon
Druon, as I mentioned last week, to bring them
home. After all due verifications, rendered
easy by their perfect state of preservation,
they were deposited at Sta. Chiara, which was
decorated by the many friends who loved and
mourned him. The Papal colours he had so
nobly defended relieved the sable palls, and the
cross of St. Peter, which has become the badge
of Castelfidardo, surmounted the high altar.
The catafalque was appropriately arranged,
crossed swords alternating with the flam-
beaux, to mark round the space devoted to it.
Among these was one taken from a Garibaldian.
At the angles were trophies tastefully arranged
from the distinctive items of the Zouave uni-
form. On the coffin, amid wreaths of came-
llias and forget-me-nots, lay his own kepi,
scarf, and jacket, worn in the memorable en-
gagement which proved his last, recovered from
the camp-spoilers, who had already commenced
stripping off the gold galons. The vest dyed
with his blood was deemed too precious a prize
to trust -to a thus public exposition among so
many ardent admirers. The decorations he
had honourably won were also there, and at
the foot, palm branches waved, typical of his
heavenly reward.
The solemn chant of the seminarists was
ably supported by the band of his regiment,
and the whole effect was felt by all to en-
hanced by the earnest expression which sat on
the countenances of the Zouaves drawn up as
a guard of honour round the body and down
the nave ; and when, near the elevation the
deep voice of one, thrilling
Pie Jesu Dwaine dona
with emotion, was
as if the hearts of all
eheardjrequiem
thrice
.f
it
seemed exclaiming,
assembled had spoken by his voice.
The officiating deacon was a former com-
panion in' arms of the hero, and Mgr. Bastide,
the popular chaplain of the Roman Legion,
the assistant priest. Abb6 Chesnel, who has
been called to Rome by business connected
with the proposed council, pronounced the
funeral oration. General Kanzler, Lieut.-Col.
de Charette, and many other Zouaves, both
officers and privates, were present, as well as
Mgr. Level, and a crowd of sympathising
and many more
;k
feriamenedps,ouTremligig religious
laantderlatyoneel there as at a
shrine.

It was felt to be an occasion, not only cele-
brating the heroism of an individual, but sym-
bolizing at the same time the chivalrous devo-
tion of the whole body of Papal troops.
Arthur Guillemin was indeed a worthy re-
presentative of this spirit. A little memoir of
him has been put in circulation, which expresses
so neatly the feelings which I have myself once
and again observed animating our gallant
volunteers, and which I have the confidence to
believe will inspire many and many yet coming
to swell their ranks, that I cannot forbear
gathering a few sentences from it.
His sacrifice would seem to have been of
the most deliberate kind. For the military
life as a career, he had no natural taste, and
had even been at pains to buy his discharge
from the exactions of the conscription at home.
Yet when it was proclaimed that the Holy See
stood in need of defenders, he was among the
first to fly to its assistance. Poor in this world's
reckoning, he hesitated not to offer all he had
at command—a brave heart, a strong arm,
a noble life. Once ranged under arms on its
battlements, all disinclination vanished. As
with all his companions in arms, enthusiasm
for the cause took away all sense of fatigue.
What dream could be more enchanting than
the sense of being in Rome, full of youth and
strength, girt with arms destined to assert and
protect her beauty and. majesty, and hold them
in inviolable trust for the human race in all
ages to come. And this dream was their
actual life. Beneath that fair sky through
which the prayers of all climes pass to the
throne of God, kneeling beside the tomb of the
apostles, standing under the shade of the
Vatican or the Capitol, they saw the martyr's
palm waving within their grasp• They loved
to see the brilliance of the clear blue sky of
Rome reflected in their shining arms ; they
loved the glory which they knew Catholics
would attach to their name ; they loved the
sound of the bugle-call, mingled, as it was,
with the ceaseless pealing bells of the holy city.
Then came Castelfidardo. Here "Guillemin,,
having long sustained the fight and exhausted
his ammunition, fell, his breast pierced by a
Piedmontese bayonet. As he felt the touch
of the cold steel he had but time to renew
the- oblation of his life before he lost conscious-
ness. When he came to himself he was stretched
on the altar of the Church of Loreto, surrounded
by other wounded." The little spark of life
that remained, kindled again, and while yet
weak he made good his escape from the Pied-
montcse hospital, and, without money or guide,
and almost fainting he reached home. Here

his life was for a time despaired of; his mother
took him to the birth-place of Blessed Joseph
Labre, and his health was granted to her
_be-
lieving prayers. One day when he was nearly
strong again she had the courage to say for him
what he was dying to say to her—" I know
what you are thinking of, et jc'; pease coinine
toi • it font tetincinPr !"

And. he did go back ; but both his imagina-
tion and the service had entered on a new
phase, and he became the type of another class
no less numerous or less honourable than the
former. He knew now the realities as well as
the poetry of his enterprise, and he faced them
resolutely. But more than this, the exigencies
of the service were no longer what they had
been. It was no longer the immediate pro-
spect of an unequal and sanguinary maybe,
but brilliant and chivalrous engagement that
was before him. His work was the dull, ardu-
ous routine of garrison life, not even in Rome,
but in some of the poorest of the poor towns
which had. been saved from the grasp of Pied-
montese rapacity. To this toilsome and inci-
dentless watch, this weary inactivity, he cheer-
fully sacrificed the most fruitful years of his
life.

It was no longer the path strewn with flowers
of his earlier engagement, but it was the path
of eternal duty, and he had the courage to ac-
cept it. " are not to be judges of will
of God," he would say, and how many a high-
coura oed, unknown Zouave there is who daily
and nightly softens the galling of the incident-
less watch or the irksome corvee with the same
reflection ; " nor is He to bend it to suit ours.
He only knows the right path, and since He
so appoints it we are equally serving His
Church in enduring the silent hours of the
watch, as if we were crossing swords with the
enemy."
And thus he held out at his post. There was
illness and fatigue to be endured, privation and
toil, and even misconstruction and injustice ;
but he bore up against all, like a good soldier
of Jesus Christ, without suffering himself to
be discouraged. At last the call came again
for active duty ; his sword had not rusted in
the scabbard, the trumpet found him ready
and watching. It skills not to tell again the
tale of how his little band of heroes fell. He
had tasted of the bitterness of death ; he had
already made acquaintance with suffering and
imprisonment, so he knew what he went out
to meet, and he despised them all. And we
all remember how eighty went out to meet
twelve hundred, and were not conquered.
His last words were addressed to the Roman
bugler, who, wounded like himself, yet con-
tinued at his post—" Crie avec moi Vive Pie
IX., to pourras combattre encore." They were
the expression of his whole existence, and of
all such as he, setting forth their courage,
their faith, their love, stronger than death ;
for God continues the work of the blessed
who suffer and die for righteousness sake, and
their grave is the cradle whence start forth,
ready matured and strong of limb, new vindi-
cators of that which is right.
M. Druon will leave for France with the
body to-morrow.
Pere Hyacinthe preached at the Gesii on
Tuesday in favour of the funds of the new
penitentiary I described at the time of its
opening, I think about two months ago. It
has at present about twenty inmates, directed
by four sisters of the Brion' Pastore. They
have an excellent rule, which is worth notice.
Each inmate is under the patronage of a lady,
who engages to keep a supervision over her
after she has left the institution and is placed
out in service ; in fact, during the rest of her
life.
A new guild or society, called " Society
della gioventa Cattolica," which was instituted
a short time ago at Bologna, designed to en-
courage the practice of religion and fidelity to
the Holy See among. Catholic youths, seems to
be taking a rapid spread through the various
towns of Italy.
A depUtation of Milanese gentlemen came
up here last week to pay a tribute of thanks
to the Pope for conferring the cardinalitial
dignity on a member of the house of Borro-
meo. They afterwards waited on Cardinal
Borromeo and presented Ida' :With an address
of congratulation.
The following. extraot.is. from un article by
• Padre Secchi (16// osservaturio
(lel Colleyiu I?witano
" It is now generally admitted that a baro-
meter is an instrument of prime necessity to
the mariner, but good barometers are rare,
and the best frequently get deranged on board
ship, rendering it necessary constantly to com-
pare the indications they give with those of
some fixed barometer in port. -On-this account
it is common in many seaport towns to set a
good model barometer which may serve for
checking those of the marine service. This is
the case at Civita Vecchia, where it is in con-
' stant requisition. Cavaliere Giachetti, com-
mandant of the port, has devised a means for
saving much trouble and loss of time. He
lately obtained permission from the Pontifical
Government to place two large . dials on the
Capitania, so as to be visible from every part
of the port, and on which the readings of the
barometer are recorded by a hand. But as
the machinery- for moving the hand by mecha-
nical means would run into a great expense,
he contents himself for the present with having
it set by hand 'four times a 'day in ordinary
times, and oftener in stormy weather. This
arrangement satisfies all the requirements of
the harbour, and has been highly applauded
by the seamen it is intended to benefit. The
thing is certainly simple enough in itself, but
still it has never yet been attempted before--
possibly, because queglio e stato nentleo del
bene" (what is good has been neglected by
straining after unattainable perfection) ; and
we hope that this first attempt, of which the
only Pontifical port has the merit, will be
emulated by richer and more powerful States
possessing the means to apply machinery
which will obviate the more operose applica-
tion of manual. labour."

From statistics published by the Roman
Minister of Commerce and Fine Arts it appears
that the value of pictures by old masters ex-
ported in the course of the year just closed was
50,541 lire ; that of modern paintings, 778,246
lire; of ancient sculpture, 16,359 lire; and of
modern, 1,778,246 lire ; in all, 2,623,310 lire ;
exceeding by 99,715 lire the amount of the
preceding year.
I am told that Mantovani, whose work on
the Loggie of Giovanni da Udine has just been
invited by the Queen to decorate a chapel in
course of erection to the memory of Prince
Albert.

MISCELLANEOUS NEWS.

(Front the Anglo-American Mites)
PARIS, April 24.

I am well aware that it is not my duty to
touch upon English politics, unless so far as those
of the Continent bear indirectly thereon ; and in
the present instance my excuse is found iu having
read a very singular theory expressed in the French
journal L' Univers, which, whilst supporting the
views of Mr. Gladstone, does so upon the ground
that a separation between Church and State is
only desirable in a country where the Roma❑ Ca-
tholic religion has not the predominance. I think
this view of the case is so singular as to be worth
presenting to your readers at so important a mo-
ment, and especially to your English readers, who,
having for so many years lost sight, as it were, of
Catholicism, are not aware of its influence upon the
Continent, where it is sufficient to rescue Rome
from It►ly, and to make the Emperor of Austria
shake in his shoes, when his Parliament initiate a
liberal measure in regard to the law of marriage. I
am perfectly aware of the abuses which Mr. Glad-
stone denounces so eloquently in the House of Com-
mons, and of the necessity for their remedy, but the
questions which present themselves to me are—lVill
he, or will ho not, go too far with respect to the
measures he proposes for that end ? How far he is
influenced, unknown to himself, by the thirst for
that power which only attaches itself to the Liberal
party in England on the plea of progres3 ? Will
the separation of Church and State in Ireland

satisfy those misleaders of the Irish people (the
most loyal people, by the way, in the world), or
will not that very separation afford them a more
extended base of operation for their future machi-
nations, always bearing in mind the position of
those Fenians in the great Republic of America be-
tween which country and England the link should
never be broken ? Will or will not that separation
prove the stepping-stone to a further separation
between the Protestant Church and State ? All
these are very serious questions, which I think may
prove interesting to the general reader, and still
more so to the middle classes of England, for
it is in the hands of the middle classes that
the future welfare of England and their own
individually rests. For a long series of years
the Liberal party i❑ . England have held office
by a gradual tendency towards Democracy. By De-
mocracy, or in whatever word may be expressed the
principle of universal suffrage, the ten-pound renter
is now lowered to eight, or seven, as the case may
be ; by and bye, on the sin-ie principle, the suffrage
will descend still lower, an-1 it is, in my opinion, at
this moment a most serious question for the middle
disses what effect universal suffrage and the go-
vernment of the masses would produce in England
—a question which should be considered in relation
to the present politic a aspect of Europe. I ex-
press no personal opinion upon all these matters,
nevertheless I cannot help thinking of an expression
made use of by Napoleon the First, at the period
of what has been termed the Holy Alliance. "In
fifty years' time," said the Emperor, " Europe will
be either Republican or Cossack-;" and already a
writer of the present day sugges's, in a singular
theory, the advisability of the Western States of
Europe forming, as it were, a sort of Amphictyonic
Council, with France and England at the head. It
is probable that the writer had in view the effect
which an alliance between Prussia, now head of the
Confederated States of North Germany, and Russia,
would produce upon the civilized world, for the
Russian propensities of Bismarck, one of the very
greatest men of the present day, are notorious ; and
it is a fact that Poland has disappeared, whilst at
the same time every nation of importance is arming
to the teeth. In this state of affairs a spark might
at any time kindle a European war—such a spark
as might now be applied in the dispute between
Prussia and Denmark as regards the retrocession of
the provinces of Schleswig-Holstein, against which
the only safeguard is to be found in the opinion of
the peoples of Europe, guided by the enlightened
policy of the Emperor of the French. For France,
in her peculiar position, the necessity of arming is
manifest. But had not the Emperor already given
sufficient . guarantees of his desire for peace
and happiness? What has France to gain in a
war of territorial acquisition ? France has a
nobler aim, viz., that of taking the lead amongst
nations in the path of civilization and progress, and
however much in the olden time Prussia may have
been the ally of Great Britaia, however close the
connection in the way of marriage, England may
rest assured that, in respect to the preservation of
peace in Europe and of future progress, France, as
a point d'appui, deserves her primary consideration.
At present all is peaceful. Northern Germany
is entirely occupied with the approaching reunion
of its Parlement Douanier ; Austria, engaged in the
discussion of the military law submitted to the two
Parliaments of Vienna and Pesth, which involve a
.knotty question with regard to the Hungarian troops;
the Government at Vienna holding strongly for the
principle of unity in the active army, whilst a
powerful party in the Hungarian Senate go in for
the organization of a Hungarian army entirely
separate from that of Austria. The discussion of
the law of the Press probably will not commence
in the French Senate for a month. Bread has gone
down in price and wines gone up, the latter to the
extent of 12 francs the hectolitre. A gay wedding
party took place last week at the residence of Gen.
Dix, when his daughter was united to Mr. Thomas
Walsh, of New York. The Emperor-has received a
deputation, consistingof the Mayor and Sub-Prefect
of Havre, the President of the Chamberof Commerce
of that port, and the manager of the forthcoming
International Exhibition. His Majesty expressed the
sincere interest which he felt in the success of the
Exhibition, and promised, if possible, a visit. The
races on Tuesday last came off with great eclat,
the stables of Count Lagrange again recovering
their ascendancy, Longchamps beating Fervacques
for the Empress Prize of 15,000 franca and 400
entry ; his stable companion, Trocadero, gaining
the second place. The Prize of the Seine, 10,000
francs, 300 entry, was carried off by Mortither,
thus taking his revenge upon Ferragus. Prix de
Longcl►amps : Bosphere, 1 ; Nelusko (a very hand-
some and good-looking colt belonging to Count
Lagrange), 2. Prix de Vauteaux, Mousie ; Prix
de Boulogne, Marronier ; Prix de Blangy, Diadem.
The Emperor and Empress paid a visit to the course
about three o'clock in the afternoon.

WASHINGTON, April 9, 1863.
This has been a great day at the Capitol, as the
President's counsel opened the defence, and the
weather has been bright and sunshiny, though last
night it froze so hard that the fruit trees, it is feared,
are injured. At noon the attendance was thin, but
the Senators came in quickly after that hour, and
the front seats in the galleries were filled with the
wealth, beauty, and fashion of Washington, and of
,arnhyo
rootthoeor
OPelicleuepsieads could command the entre.
diplo-
matic gallery, and appeared a
to fronttak see
greatat in
interest
tee
rest ioiNaslr.m
the speech of Judge Curtis. Close behind him sat
Theodore Tilton and James Gordon Bennett, jun.,
a fact freely criticised, the conclusion being even-
tually arrived at that the coming President
had promised diplomatic posts to both. The Chief
Justice was shortly after in his pl tee arrayed in his
judicial robes. lie is a fine, handsome fellow, and
assumes a very dignified appearance when thus
attired. The novelty of the dress, too, in out
country adds to its charm, as it is the only robe of
office in the United States. Judge Curtis is a tall,
well-proportioned man, of an intellectual cast of
face, and with an easy grace of carriage that much
strengthened his oratory. In this respect he had
a great advantage over Mr. Butler, whose paunchy
figure, bald head, and eyes keeping up a cross-
fire, do not tend to remove the disagreeable
impression received from the harshness of his
voice. Mr. Curtis began, in a low tone, at about a
quarter before one. As he went on the galleries
found they had been 6. sold." His speech was a
splendid legal argument, but purely technical, and
therefore not adapted for the tastes of his fair
hearers, who wanted sonic spread-eagleism—heavy
denunciation—sensational scandals—and personal
recrimination ; so the ladies began to glide out, and
by the time the learned counsel had pumped himself
pretty dry he had a thin audience. But the Senate,
and every lawyer who heard him, listened with the
closest attention. It is, however, a fact that
he raised scarcely a point not already fully
debated in Secret Session by the Senate,
when the Chamber first took up the question
of the President's removal of Stanton, though it is
rumoured in the city the argument has hada telling
effect in the Republican ranks. I was told by a
man who professes to know, although he knows no
more than myself, that the latest reliable account
shows but 19 Senators that the Managers can cal-
culate upon, and that their best efforts daily result
in lois. The popular feeling is much swayed by
these speeches. After Butler's the crowd went in
for conviction, and now, after that of Curtis, for
acquittal. But those best informed think that the
proof is sufficiently strong to leave it to the conscience
of Senators to acquit or convict Andrew Johnson
as they think hest for the interest of the country,
and most think his removal too desirable to lose
the present opportunity. Last night at Theodorc
lecture he drank the health of the next
President, glorious Ben Wade, and was loudly ap-
plauded. Of course the old rumours are still
floating about of what the President will do if con-
victed. There is said to be a gathering of Conser-
vative Generals, headed by Hancock—another
rumour is that when Andrew Johnson is invited to
retire into private life he will rush to the " stump"
and pour forth the full torrent of his bottled-
up wrath. 1-ic has been allowed little means of
letting off superfluous steam since Isis grand tour in
1866, and it would not surprise me if the last

rumour proved true. lie is said to have selected
his companion, and I dare say he will be a power-
ful advocate for the Democratic nominees for Pre-
sident and Vice-President. On Tuesday old "Ad
Interim" was as usual present at the Cabinet meet-
ing as Secretary of War. Thus, while the counsel
arc arguing that President Johnson did not re.
move Stanton, as he is still in the 'War Office,
the President recognizes Thomas as Secre-
tary of that Department. Mr. Sumner has
published an historical argument, elaborated
" awfully," to show that the Chief Justice had no
right to give a casting vote as he did twice in the
Senate Court. We are the Senate--he is the Pre-
siding Officer, says Sumner, which nobody denies ;
but Mr. Chase also is the highest legal functionary,
and as such he has decided the question that the
presiding officer can give a casting vote. Orris F.
Ferry, Senator of Connecticut, got back to his
place in time for his work to-day, having travelled
all night from New York. General Sherman was
also in the Chamber, and he sat next to Senator
Stewart.

Sm.—The Count de Lavradio, Minister Plenipo-
tentiary of Portugal, and Mr. Gerard Ralston,
Consul-General of Liberia, have just exchanged
ratifications of a Trea'y of Amity, Commerce, and
Navigation between their two nations, one article
of which assimilates slave trade to piracy, and
punishes it accordingly. The Republic of
Martihas made a similar treaty with Liberia, so that this
infamous traffic is denounced by at least three civi-
lized nations of the world. England, Holland, the
United States, and some other nations have de-
nounced it by statute law, but only these three
powers have proclaimed it by international law,
and in such future treaty to be made by Liberia,
it is hoped that a similar article will obtain.
Liberia has been fortunate in making 15 treaties
with European and American nations, say Austria,
England, France, Denmark, Italy, Prussia, Sweden,
and Norway, United States, &c., and it is stronglY
desired that Brazil, Russia, and Spain should join
the other Governments, for it is most advantageous
to the.young African Republic to be thus recog-
nized, encouraged, and received into the family of
civilized nations.

Mr. Seward has replied to Judge Black's letter
about the guano island of Alta Vela through a secre-
tary of the Guano Company, which, by means of Mr.
Seward's influence, bad secured possession. This
letter, which was published in the New York Herald
of the 4th inst., asserts that no promise of protec-
tion was given to the company by Mr. Seward,
who merely advised them to make their arrange-
ments with the persons he named, whom be
considered to be the rightful owners. As our readers
will recollect Judge Black stated the case to be
as follows : he accused Mr. Seward of intriguing
to have the occupant ousted by San Domingo,
which, would have benefited certain persons be
favoured, as he could induce San Domingo to sell
the island to Spain, and from that Government to
effect the sale to the New York Company, thug
depriving the ousted client of Judge Black of all
direct means by which restitution could be de-
manded. The position of the person making this

accusation gives to it a weight it would not other-
wise possess, and Mr. Seward ought to insist on a
Congressional inquiry.

On the 9th instant a panic commenced in Wall'
street, arising from a strange cause. A. W. Dim"
mock was lying dangerously ill of brain fever, and
as he had to meet some liability, his clerks, to rais°.
the necessary funds, threw a large amount of At-
lantic Mail Stock on the market. The credit of a
new company in these ticklish times was thus
quickly affected, and one of the banks called in A
loan upon a large amount of the stock, and found
the borrower unable to respond. his stock, held as
collateral security, was likewise thrown on the
market, and down went the Atlantic Mail as a 13'
inch shell would go through a flimsy roof, carrying
ruin and consternation to all below. Front 87k the
transition was rapid to 221, when a number of
other loans were called in, and for a moment
it.appeared as if all the line of stocks was about t 3
follow suit. Pacific Mail sympathized most, and
dropped to 89, but the whole market was affected'
and even the " bears" began to look frightened at
he turn affairs were taking. One Savings panic
is known to be hit hard, and a broker in Nassau"
strew has come to grief, though he expected to tie
able to settle up on the following Monday. Thl
.atlantic Mail Stock, however, rallied to 49, 33(1
closed on Friday, April 19, at 23 to 30.
Mr. Trumbull's United States Jury Bill passed
the Senate ou the Bth inst., by a vote of 37 to 8/
and will affect the trials of John 11. Surratt and M'
Jefferson Davis, unless the latter follows the advice
of the New loll,: Herald, and " cuts stick for par"
unknown." Dropping the bill for a moment, lie
may mention that if Mr. Benjamin Wade succeeds
to the Presidency, some people think that Jefferson
Davis's neck will be in danger. The Herald is 50
impressed with this that it considers his only re'
source to be instant flight across the line unless
he wishes to dangle at the end of it ; and the clabn:
rate and skilfully drawn indictment prepared agaleBv
him, looks as if the Government was in earnest"
This, we believe, if ever tested, to be an errone-
ous idea, and that Mr. Davis will run no more risk
of being hanged under Mr. Wade's Government
than under that of Mr. Johnson, who was loud ill',
threats before he entered office. Previous expres-
sion of opinion upon current or newspaper report°
will not by the new bill disqualify a juror in other
respects eligible, who may be summoned from an/
district or State outside that on which the Court 13
held. If the bill pass the House, a Massachuseo3
jury may sit at Richmond to try Davis.
The Erie Railway fight cannot be carried on ell
its gigantic scale without involving outsiders.
Glenn brought charges of fraud and bribery ageing
the members in the New York Legislature, and 35
everybody was overwhelmed with surprise and in;
dignation at such a charge being preferred agaills
such a boly, Mr. Glenn was beset and forced t-
individualize, which he did on the 9th inst., ellar.g.;
ing two members, Messrs. Frear and Lewis,
attempts to bribe him in the Erie Railroad iuteres"
They instantly demanded an investigation ; a cnilici
tnittee was appointed, and the next day presentee
its report, wherein it was declared there was °to
ground for the charges, and that even no atternr
had been made to bribe the virtuous and inenr#
ruptible members. Mr. Glenn has, consequently'
been }rustled about on all sides, and has learnt that
it requires a strong and firm and not a weak old 110
to take up such a cause, however well grounded. a
the Senate, when resolutions were brought forwar
on the 9th inst. to investigate the legislation 1,11;
cerning the Erie Railroad, they were smothered he
an amendment to include in the investigation t"
legislation of the New York Central in 1.866-7-

Births.
„el!'
DAWSON —On the 25th inst., at Leyden House, RoLr
park, Streatham, Mrs. Joseph Dawson, of a daugh"".
FOSTER—On the 25th inst., at 8, Lower Berkeley-A'

the wife of W. S. Foster, Esq., of a son. All.
MILDMAY--On the 24th inst., at 46, Berkeley-square'

- -
Bingham Mi'dimly, of a son.
Marriages.
BOLLAND —CARY—On the 23d inst., at St. Paul's, s°lithtbo
ampton, George Herbert Bollar, Esq., Captain Wilitet
Royal Engineers, to Catherine Eleanor, elder (13ubf $l.
of the Roy. James Walter Cary, D.D., incumbent °
Paul's, Southampton.
MINNS—COLLINS—On tho 23d inst., at St. Nicholas, nrisl3:l
ton, George Gordon Minns, son of the late G. 31i°°„fs, lt•
Vauxhall-bridge-road, to Harriett Collins, niece itricy
Edwards, Esq., of Wakefield Villa, Roundbilll
Brighton.

Deaths.
„harth
CL ArancE—On the 23d inst., at 24, Priory-road, IC"'ilar
Charles Clari,lg,o, Esq., formerly of her Majo,tyS -
toms, aged 70.
CORY— On the 21th inst., at Kingston-on-Thames,
Cory, aged 60.
IfonosoN—On the 23d inst., at Skelton, near Yeti`'
Ellis Hodgson, aged 74. burglit
LAING —On the 234 inst., at 4, Lynedoch-place, Eculimi 88.
Samuel Laing, Esq., late of Papdale, Orkney, aS
„Jac'
PEARCE-0 n the 24th inst., at Acre-wharf, •Be'lr -
road, Lambeth, Robert Pearce, aged 62. John
TliomysoN—On the 23d inst., at Tunbridge-v.'
Thompson, Esq., late of Shadwell, aged 80.

• ,
flO 2,
London : Printed and Published by WILLIA.3.I °to V
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, St TWO SUN OXIC% toV
trlnd, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the ‘147
Bliddboex,...atcluday, April 27, 1868.