The Sun.
London, England, 1868-10-07 00:00:00

ARAN lit;MIOVNill
_This celebrated OLD LRISH WH:
4 Medal.
1 Pure, Mild, Mellow, Delicious, 51
Bold in Bottles 3s. Bd., at the Ref
Agents in the'principal towns in Es
8, GREET WINDMILL-STREI.-
Observe the Red Seal, Pink Label* and: Cork Branded
4We LL Whisky.'

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED di.

INt AL LOAN FUND ASSOCIATION
ILUTU
(Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 1859),
A RUSSELL-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN, LONDON,
i,'O"kiLANOES MONEY upon personal security, Bills of Sale, Free
able or Leasehold Property, for one, two, or three years. r.nty
PorzweeklY, monthly, or quarterly. Bills promptly dibcoun d
s free on receipt of stam-ge enr°lule.
EDWARD iT ARPER, Secretary.

N°. 23,814.

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
I V A I
By HERACLITUS GREY,
Author of "Armstrong Magney," &c.
Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street,

WESTON'S
ROYAL MUSIC HALL, HOLBORN.
1111,116 Proprietor, Mr. J. S. Sivco.sey.
nse success of the JUVENILE ACTRESSES, whose
r'`,..ll_?ns of Miss Louie Sherrington's " Walking in the Zoo "
I a Miss Nelly Power's "Up in a Balloon " has created the
ttest excitement ever witnessed.
ofngagement of Fred. French and Mr. Ernee Clarke, author
iae,?l,Y odd—Mr.Rounolf—Mr. R. Coombes—Tlr
Aunt" nullen, the favourite serio•comic Duetists—Mimi Louie
Misel%l Mackney—The ever-pleasing. Miss Emmq. A lfor.dm—a
s Trema .
Donna, Lolls, the new Serio-Comic—The much-admired
Full orchestra,garl - selected from the Theatres-royal Covent-
en and Drury-lane.
Musical Director, Mr. P. CousrE.

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
TII WIVES.
By the Author of "Margaret and her Bridesmaids," &c.
" These volumes are most interesting, welt written, and
highly en' ertaining."—Observer.
Hurst and Bia,ckett, Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

lust published, price Is. 6,1., by post Is. Bd., the Second Edition,
with Addenda, containing additional Facts and Cases, in illus-
trationof the nefarious proceedings of the Advertising Quacks,
REVELATIONS OF QUACKS AND
QUACKERY. By DETECTOR. Reprinted fro_n the
"Medical Circular."
London: IL Baffler°, 219, Regent-street.
The numerous reviews of this startling work by the Satar day
Review, Punch, Weekly Dispatch, Public Opinion, and other
journals, recommending its universal perusal, are reprinted with
this edition.

CANTERBURY HALL.
Sole Proprietor, W. HOLLAND.
piTlaa Sensation of London, the Great Wonder, NIBLO, in h. is
lat through the Balloon, a great sensation; on the Flying
ing dou; perfcrmance surpassing the great Masters by throw-
artiste 1?le somersaults, the greatest feat ever performed by any
„__ in the world —in addition to George Leybourne —The
rat Fred. French—Mr. Hamilton, the eminent Baritone—
rnment of the Wondrous Arabs (from the Crystal Palace)
• Hall
Inent_„ and Christy's Little Bob in their Comic Entertain-
and '"0 grand WerrEAu BILLET, introducing Mdlle. Burlet
bnee'rPa de ballet —Oceans on the Invisible Wire.
witiiannensa Success of the grand NAUTICAL BALLET,
gard new scenery by Mr. Day and assistants, from Covent-
tant en Theatre ; dresses by Mrs. Watts, Vokes, and ass's-
Mai: new dances and corps de ballet under the direction of
pa me Collier; new music arranged by Mr. Jesse Williams
llotitoraimic Scenes under the. direction of Mr. F. Evans, sup-
rted by his talented Troupe of PantomiMists.

ANGLO - AMERICAN TIMES,
AN INTE RNATION AL NE WSPAPE
Devoted to American Intelligence., ENLARGED to 21
:PAGES. Reports of Con tress, Pers )ial, Financial, Mining,
Railroad, &c. Members of Parliament, Commercial Men,
and those having an interest in the United States, will find
this newspaper of use.
Published every SATURDAY MORNING, price 4d.
15. Catherine-street. Strand.

KEA.TING'S INSECT DESTROYING POWDER
KILLS BUGS.

KEATING'S INSECT DESTROYING POWDER,
KILLS FLEAS.

Manager—Mr. James 3 .11 i .
Musical Director—Mr. Jesse Williams.
Stalls and Crystal Saloon, ls.; Area and Balcony, Gd.
uoors open at half-past 7, commence at 8 o'clock.

KEATINGLLNEMBISIEREOjiILI: POWDER,

ARGYLL ROOMS.-OPEN EVERY
an_ EvENING for Instrumental Music and Dancing.—The
deis have been magnificently re-decorated by Messrs. Rubardt
an att° The celebrated Band will perform during the week
b._ ractive Programme of Operatic Selections and popular
.uee Music. _ . .

T 7 EATING'S INSECT DESTROYING PoWDER,
A_ KILLS MOTHS & ALL OFFENSIVE INSECTS.

Sold in Packets, ls., and Tins, 2s. 6d. ani 4s. 6d. each; or ls,
Packets, free by post, for 12 Postage Stamps. Also in Bottles,
with Bellows, ls. 62. and 3s, each, by THOIItA.3 KEATING
Chemist, 79, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, E.C.

Doors open at half-past Eight o'clock.
Admission, 18. ; Balcony, 2s.
WINDMILL STREET, PICCADILLY.
Musical Director and Conductor—Signor LUIGI CURTI.

AN FIELD'S PATENT PICKLES are per-
fectly pure and uncoloured. To be had of all dealers,
and wholesale of JOHN BURGESS and SON, 107,
Strand (corner of Savoy-steps), London.

WDAmE TUSSAUD'S.-A PORTRAIT
A,,,_,saYODEL of MADAME RACHEL is now added.—
ls. Open from eleven in the morning until ten at
^"gat•

WHY incur the risks of Limited Liability, by
taking Shares in Civil Service or Co-operative
Stores, when you can SAVE TEN PER CEJT. by
PURCHASING of
THE EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
and can have the goods delivered at your own door ? Teas
of all descriptions from ls. 31 per lb. upwards. Price
Lists post free, on application at the Company's Ware-
houses, 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopsgate.

I)INNEFORD'S FLUID MAGNESIA.-
The medical profession for Thirty Years have ap-
proved of this pure solution of Magnesia as the best
rd.raed and Acidity of the Stomach, Heartburn, headache,
it, Indigestion ; and as the best mild aperient f.or
delicatedr,s constitutions, especially adapted for Ladies, Chil-
dren, and infants.
172 „ DINNEFORD and CO., Chemists,
New Bond-street, London ; and of all other chemists
throughout the world.

SCIENTIFIC AND ORNAMENTAL PRESENTS.
ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
and Dining-room, consisting of a new and elegant as-
Paper Weights,
sortment of. VASES, Figur.es, Groups, Candlesticks, Obe-
lisks, Inkstands, beautiful inlaid Tables,
&c., in Italian, Alabaster, Parian, Marble, Bronze Derby-
shire Spar. &c. Imported and manufnctured by 'JAMES
TENNANT, Mineralogist to her Majesty, 149, Strand,
W.C., London.
Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of ROCKS,
MINERALS, and FOSSILS, to illustrate the new edition
of Lyell'e Elements of Geology th•iy will greatly facili-
tate the interesting study of MINERALOGY and
GEOLOGY, and can be had at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 500
guineas each.
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and
MINERALOGY is given by Mr. TENNANT, F.G.S., at
149, Strand.

FIIRNISFIED HOUSES, from £2 2s. to £2O
b Per Week.—D. S. HUMPIIELIEi has at all times a
nuater of Fir.r_chass 1114:ilD
or
to be r• furnished
furnishe Wham. more : a-tteularly in the neighb
vh,l-
-114. '"t irdUppar gorwool. F anl
4Y.—Partlonlars may be had at the (Moe. ranting House-
sliaTe.

I:101T
-3ES and AP!IRrAENr3 Av.x.vru a and t.) be LET
°r Br)r-,D. 131:finiS33P13 for 131.81"1,3 AU, ,tz
PROPERTY, FREEHOLD or LEASEHOLD.
D. T coutbrial applications for
all des • -
criptions of Pftwhich will pay ood Interest
outlay. Houses (ma of repair not objected to. T. D
iffriPhries can at all time Lind customers tor all des .sr
of b isiaesses lintels, public bones, Act, , sold and
purofArr:d. Apply, D. r. Humphries, Estate Anent. Print-
; House-squat e.

MR. HOWARD, SURGEON-DENTIST, 52,
Fleet-street, has introduced an entirely new de-
scription of ARTIFICIAL TEETH, fixed without
springs, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resexnble
the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from the ori-
ginals by the closest observer ; they will never change
colour or decay, and will be found superior to any teeth
ever before used. This method does not require the
extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will
support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is gua-
ranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed
teeth stopped and rendered sound and useful in masts
cation.

ROUND SHOULDERS, STOOPING HABITS,
PIGEON CHESTS, and other Deformities, are pre-
„Ted and cured by wearing CHANDLER'S IMPROVED
41' OIENIC CHEST-EXPANDING BRACE, for both sexes of all
ao•es
6 • It strengthens the voice and lungs, relieves indi-
gestion, pains in the chest and back, and is especially re-
ITurnended to children for assisting the growth, promoting
health and symmetrt of figure, superseding the use of
braces...L. and stays. Price from 10s. 6d. each.-66, Berners-
mree,
Oxford-street, W. Illustrated circulars forwarded.

52, Fleet-streot. At boat° from 10 till 5.

SPA.NISFI FLY is the acting ingredient in
.ALEX. ROSS'S CANTHARIDES OIL, which
8135ecilly produces whiskers and thickens hair. Price 3s. Gd.,
A
1- ad., and 10s. 6d.; sent by post for 51, 81, and 141
stamps.—ALEX. ROSS, 218, High Holborn, London, and
all Chemists.

" Tale of a Hair," 6d,

WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.—Corns cared
in one day by using ALEX. ROSS'S OIIIROPO .
This preparation gradually dissolves the Corn in a few
hours, removing the very root. Price 45.; seat by past
for 60 stamps. —213, High Holborn, London, and all
Chemists.

£Bl 7

Face Powder, ls.

ITAIR-CURLING FLUID, 218, High Holborn,
London.— ALEX. ROSS'S CURLING FLUID
curls Ladies' or Gentlemen's hair immediately it is applied.
Sold at 3s. 6d., ss. 6d., and 10s. 6d.; sent fre3 for 51, 81,
and lit stamps.—Had of all Chemists.
Advice upon all subjects of tho Toilet.

GREY HAIR.-248, High Holborn, London.—
ALEX. ROSS'S HAIR DYE produces a perfect
?lour immediately it is used. It is permanent, and per-
ectlY natural in effect. Prices 3s. fid ss. ad., and 10s,
64 .
•, sent by post for 54, 84,
Chemists. and 144 stamps; and al]

,__
- ,
. •.. 4
•
RECEIVE b I 0
1.-
4`\---
. .. . .
..,, .
•
• , .
•
...„,,,....,.. , • •._. • .---
......, .. A.
. .
•,...C. Zr'l
_ .....s.
i\- -..
...
~....
6...e...4,
,"'''/'... , -C. ..
‘-'-'- °-e•----,
. . •
' .
4 .,, .
. ...
.111111-
, Z .
•
,-:....---v
--'P
_
-.
_)
t',7 Z"‘
-IS AL SCIENCE tiOiSf(REJA.' - --,
~, •-, • l
-;°.•
- '
.ft• ---kt..l,
~;,§ .------.. ,
_.
• 0.•
':*):1 t'.. ''
' .. . t ,
.. , .
• - ".!. ~ 4,- i #gt... ,
\4zi, , ' ~,,r• --
itSitY. - DUBLIN . . , ______i 1 ~,
~ , - ' _ (' ikl4 i,,4'_l'-'#, .;,."?.- '' 7 t I d- : -t=4.,..-- ._- • - -"rINGTIAM, TuEspAr.'
•f-! -k 1 ~ -,
'-. - -4, ,A, .". -..,._ r. '- • •')0.,,„,„ _ .• t. OLi •• ..,.- '-4: ....., -1',,, 1 ;,. It; ' 1
1865. , , 1 , 1
..,:.T. . .. N. ',-,` ',
?el .
.:.
„1„,..... ;",,N, C \ - -:. ......"-' ~,,--,
-...--- .ais„, ..6.,, . - it,,,,f0 ...
,orr. ;0„ do ; ~,:,- - , 4 . -..---
-,, was Professor
ISKY gained the Dublin
' A 3.....1-' I 7...},,r. -.
,•: ast."' 4' ii, "41,%
•., ,'' ii 'l.-'7 - - • ' '••*,et .0 ST, ,'r-- '',, ~..,7"...4.10 -44.1
.... f.: fii- i
..., .
A,. ' /-, 0 11. ,resident
ter/
owl very 'Wholesome. \ '','!- ' Jc Pi% . 9.,...'.7 , 1 ,0,1!... cit• . qi, it. , n Nt..7.r. ..
''N.," K ' N.
' '7. 4- . ~
rail Houses in Loudon; by \ ~.
~. ) ,V. 4. ..,,,.._L-.-..-„,..9- :r,:-:. -,.... mit,- ) . Jot: 14, . A ,, . , ..,...........
Ingland; or wholesale at \ ..*,,,. _ - ..,...,„ ..., , 'cir- —4
• '"',,,,,1_i.,21/4:2- . /
;. .
It T, LONDON, W.
" Nina

BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY.
tTn
doubtedy the chief attraction today was Professor
Fawcett's address, delivered in his capacity as president
of the department of Economy and Trade. Amongst its
other merits was the rare one of brevity—l mean com-
parative brevity, for it was quite long enough for any
practical purpose, and contrasted most favourably with
the two hours' discourse of Dr. Rumsey, against which I
took occasion to lodge a modest protest yesterday. This,
the last day of sectional business, has produced (as will be
seen below) some papers of importance, which have under-
gone vigorous discussion. In the afternoon a meeting
was held, to promote the establishment of a branch of the
Ladies' Sanitary Association in Birmingham.
The soirtse last night at the Town Hall was a pleasant
reunion, and was well attended, although, if the truth be
told, some of the Visitors who ought to have been. there
were in another place, that other place being the theatre,
there Miss Bateman was playing Lady Macbeth. The
usual dinner of the membeis of the Association takes place
at the Great Western Hotel this evening.

-
4*,‘ I
14,41

department
Rt
ofFEAcNolen'ComEy'r
andrSADDRESS.
liradlirs.F awee
it
In theeildOeE
read very effectively an address by Professor Fawcett, M.P.,
president of the department. Flavin cr at the outset remarked
how important and desirable it was to trace the connection
existing between the principles of economic science and
their practical application to trade, and noted that many
a great political blunder would have been avoided if prac-
tical men had more frequently been guided by the teach-
ings of science, the professor warned his audience not
to forget the reverse aspect of the question, viz., the aid
which was rendered to economic science by the
knowledge derived from practical men. He then pro-
ceeded to notice that the most remarkable characteristic
of the mode in which industry was carried on in this
country was the circumstance that capital was supplied by
one class, and labour by another. Although capital and
labour must combine toproduce wealth, yet between those
who supplied the capital and those who supplied the
latx,ur there often existed no other relations than those
between the buyer and the seller of a commodity. having
applied these remarks to agriculture and manufactures,
Professor Fawcett turned to the consideration of the
co-operative plan which had been adopted in the works of
Messrs. Crossley, of Halifax, and the collieries of
the Messrs. Briggs, at Methley, near Leeds. Were the
principle to be generally adopted, it would go far to do
away with strikes. Though not opposed to courts of
arbitration for settling trade disputes, he feared that such
an artificial remedy could be but partial in its operation,
But the present state of things could not continue. "Air
will be eager for a change when the evils and the perils
resulting from the present state of things are adequately
recognised. England has now to carry on in some of hez
most important branches of industry a keen and closely-
contested competition with foreign countries. The slightest
additional burden cast upon her may cause the balance to
turn against her. Let us, therefore, inquire, `What are
the sources from which peril may come?' At the outset
of such an investigation I would lay most emphatic stress
upon two maxims. Employers should remember that
any deterioration in the condition of our labourers may
induce the best and most skilled workmen to emigrate.
Equally important is it that the employed should remem-
ber that any rise in wages obtained by an undue reduction
of their employers' profits may ultimately bring serious
loss upon themselves. Capital is always withdrawn from
an industry when profits are reduced below the ordi-
nary rate. Grave disaster may ensue if employers
try to enrich themselves by reducing the earn-
ings of their workmen, or if workmen augment
their earnings by diminishing the profits of their employ-
ers below the ordinary rate. These agencies, therefore,

will produce the most permanently beneficial influence •
which give additional prosperity to capitalists and
labourers alike. Such an agency will be brought into
operation by the establishment of some system of indus-
trial partnerships." Passing to the subject of education,
the professor remarked that most of the serious
burdens which the industry of this country has to bear .
were, either directly or indirectly, due to deficient educa-
tion. It was a truism to assert that ignorance was the
fruitful source of crime and pauperism. The vast annual
cost of maintaining our criminals and paupers represented
so much abstracted from the profits of the capitalist and
the earnings of the labou rer. A reduction in profits
and wages might cause capital to be withdrawn
from our industry, and might encourage ci r
best labourers to leave us. Experience had shewn that tl e
moral qualities of man were developed by bringing his
mental faculties into activity. "If a higher moral tone
and a keener sense of honour prevailed, what an incal-
culable expenditure would be avoided, which is now
annually incurred because there are always some who
cannot be trusted to do their duty without being care- '
fully overlooked. Education powerfully promotes the
acquisition of the most valuable industrial qualities ; it
makes the workman more skilful ; it also induces him to
recognise the duty of setting aside some provision
for the future. Ignorance and recklessness generally ac-
company each other. Extra earnings arc often spent, by
those who cannot appreciate rational amusements, in
drink and tobacco. A diminution in the hours of toil is a
greatboon to those who can utilise leisure, but spare time
bangs heavily on the hands of those who can neither read
nor write." Professor Fawcett having noticed that the
Education Bill introduced into Parliament by Mr. Austin
Bruce and Mr. W. E. Forster did not go far enough
in the way of compul.ihry education, inasmuch as
it would only confer the power to enforce an edu-
cational rate, and would altogether fail to reach
those children who were either prematurely sent to work
or who were allowed to run to ruin in the streets, concluded
his address by sayings " Both in town and country there
are numbers of children growing up in a state of complete
ignorance, who live in the neighbourhood of well-managed
and well-supported schools; but those who object to edu-
cational rates would be at once conclusively answered by
arguments based on economic considerations, if such rates
were associated with a power to. compel the attendance of
children at school. It could thrn be affirmed that the
outlay in the first instance made for education would
inevitably act more powerfully than any other
circumstance, not only to reduce rates, but also to augment
the wealth of every class in the community. If we had
no pauperism and no crime, local taxation would be too
insignificant to be felt by anyone, and pauperism and •
crime are in the vast majority of cases directly to be
traced to vices which are engendered by ignorance.
Education would diffuse more wealth amongst every
class in the community, for as local burdens diminished
less would be taken by the rate collector from the profits
of capital and from the wages of labour. Education by
increasing the efficiency of labour would cause more
wealth to be produced without adding to human toil,
profits and wages would be augmented ; commodities
would also become cheaper, if capital and labour were
more productive. Hence greaterplenty would be diffused
over the land. Few would have to carry on such a severe
struggle for existence as many now unhappily have to wage,
and if the hours of labour became shortened our people
would have the mental cultivation to appreciate
and utilise their additional leisure. Around us
on every side are unmistakeable signs of the
accumulations of vast wealth ; manufactories are rapidly
increasing ; our exports and imports have trebled within
the memory of men now living ; our capital is so enormous
that it not only supports our own industry, but is embarked
in various enterprises in every quarter of the world.
When, however, we contrast these evidences of great
wealth with the vast sums which are annually spent in
maintaining our paupers; when we know that in some of our
most prosperous towns there is so much overcrowding that
thousands are annually hurried to a premature grave ;
when we remember that numbers whose labour helps to
create an industrial greatness have to depend in old age
and in sickness upon parochial relief, we must, I think,
come to the conclusion that the economist and practical
man should unite their efforts in the endeavour to show
how the vast wealth which is annually produced might be
so distributed as to diffuse more general well-being
amongst mankind."

JURISPRUDENCE AND AMENDMENT OF THE
LAW.

- -
In the section of this department devoted to Muni-
cipal Law, a taper was read by Mrs. Baines, on "The
Legal Aspects of the Domestic Service Question." In
brief, the document was a series of suggestions for an
amendment of the laws that affect the relations of em-
ployer and employed. The custom of requiring " a month's
warning or a month's wages" was held to be very objec-
tionable, for it gave undue power to the servant, and it
was proposed that a weekly hiring and weekly notice were
preferable. The servant would then feel that her place
depended on her own behaviour in it. It was further
urged that a clerk or other such person should be ap-
pointed in every borough or market town, and a day in
the week fixed for hearing disputes or complaints oncler the
part of servants and ~employers : the said k
to have the power of settling all minor disputes;
more important cases to be referred to the Town Court, a
private hearing to be granted when desired by complainant
defendant. On the question of hiring, it was suggested
that certificates should be issued from the office of the
and parish of the srvaut
calpetr3kly,insgtaftoiruga tslteuantgioe,rinatwee,
name and residence of her
llaesatviielignp;laoyfienre,
tloenbgetllnlilpic.seedr voiene,adnayteselovfattlttudzaash(i)iilligfoar
situation, and on any person engaging a servant, without
such certificate. The other proposals made by Mr. Baines
were, that no servant should be entitled to a recommenda-
tion to anither situation under twelve 'llona's' good
service,
fuleleasysinstri; etiieLt rteialesomuncicoatiiilidt lo)ef s,hvezens ats1;loto the
between the parties, but with this agreement—
thatlll'lbe
d teldiere should be an increase, say of 1-1611 part of the
causedfiresct-named sum for the second year, and a similar addition
for the third year, it being supposed that after three
years' good service there would be an amicable under-
standing between the parties, so that no further
disputes would arise, and that after the first year's service
any servant or employer wishing to make a change must
give proper notice to the nearest office, the time of leaving
to be regulated according to the convenience of the persons
concerned, the servant never to leave under a month from
the time of notice unless her place be filled, the wag .s
always to be paid up to the time of leaving.