The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-17 00:00:00

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LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1844.

FRANCE AND MOROCCO.

We have received by extraordinary express from
Paris the ilfessager of Sunday night, which contains
the following :
" TELEGRAPHIC DISPATCH.
" BAYONNE, SEPT. 15.

" Transmitted by the Prince de Joinville to the
Einister of Marine, and by the buke de Glucksberg
and M. Nyon to the Minister for Foreign Affairs.
" TANGIERS, SEPT. 6.

" The Morocco Government has asked for peace.
The squadron arrived before Tangiers this day. The
governor of the city went on board, and renewed his
request. Our conditions were signified to him, and
accepted, and the treaty signed. In the course of the
day the (French) Consul-General was re-installed,
and his flag saluted by the cannon of the city.

" Orders to discontinue all hostility, and to
evacuate the Isle of Mogadore, will be forwarded this

evening."

The Herald of this morning has a queer article on
the subject of the demerits of the Anti-Corn-law
League, which it has just ascertained to be in the
last stage of decrepitude. It is all but virtually de-
funct, exclaims our Contemporary, with a spiteful
chuckle, and nothing but an adverse condition of
trade and wide-spread distress can give it a chance
of reanimation. In vain COBDEN argues and BRIGHT
declaims ; men heed not " the song of the charmers,
charm they never so wisely !" In vain
League
Tracts are circulated by thousands thr ea
the
country—tossed in at the windows or thrust under
the door-ways of labourers' cottages—no one reads
them, and they are either torn up for shaving.
paper, or given to the servant of all work to light
the fire with. So thinks the Herald, and on the
strength of its conviction it affects the smart and the
jocular, but with about as much success as a hippo.,
potamus would exhibit who should undertake to dance
the Polka. But though our Contemporary is abun-
dantly merry at the idea of " the daughters of the
ten-pounders shaking their white cotton-handker-
chiefs in Covent-garden Theatre," in testimony of
their approbation of the sayings and doings of the
League ; it is clear, from a subsequent passage in his
article, of a graver and more earnest character, that
be is by no means so persuaded of the fallen condi-
tion of this popular confederacy as he would have
his readers imagine; but, on the contrary, is really
of opinion that it is still possessed of considerable
Influence, and should still, therefore, continue to be
viewed with 41Arna by all posi Conservitivei.

&-

He even takes pains to show what are the hidden ob-
jects it has in view, which he would scarcely give
himself the trouble to do, were he satisfied in his own
mind that it had really andj truly sunk into insignifi-
cance :—" It is indisputably manifesl," says the
Herald, " that this dangerous confederacy has not
been formed, and by its leaders moulded in its present
shape, merely for the purpose of promoting free-
trade, notwithstanding what the majority of
its deluded followers may imagine ; but that
it has been formed by them, with its existing
affiliations and ramifications, with the desire of
overthrowing the Constitution, and replacing
it by one on a purely democratic basis 1 A pretty
state this great country would be reduced to, with the
whole power of Government wielded by Leaguers
and Repealers !" A pretty state, indeed, and such as
no lover of monarchy can contemplate without a
shudder ! Imagine the Anti-Corn-law League suc-
cessful in its efforts to capsize the Constitution, and
establish a pure democracy on the ruins Of course
the very first thing these horrid Revolutionists would
do, would be to ship off the QUEEN to her uncle
ERNEST at Hanover, and dispatch Prince ALBERT to
his native country of Saxe Coburg, having previously
deprived him of his annuity, and left him with scarcely
cash enough in his pocket to defray the expenses of his
journey. Having thus sealed the doom of the
monarchy, they would doubtless next proceed to
abolish the House of Lords, together with the law of
Primogeniture on which it lays such stress ; and this
diabolical act accomplished to their satisfaction, the
monsters would then turn their attention to poor
dear old mother Church, whom as a matter of course
they would bleed to within an inch of her precious life;
and should any of the bishops object to this remedial
process, fine—imprisonment--or perhaps even a month
at the treadmill—is the very least they could expect
for their unreasonable remonstrances. But, alas,
these are not the worst horrors that would accrue
from the triumph of the democratic Anti-Corn-law
League ! Having got rid of the monarchy and the
Church, the next step of the free-traders would be to
proclaim a Republic, with COBDEN as President, and
BRIGHT as Vice ! Then would commence] the reign
of anarchy, confusion,gand open, bare-faced spoliation.
Alas, for the estates of the nobility and the various
possessions of the rich, unless they happened to be
manufacturers and supporters of the new Republican
Government ! All public securities would be of no
more value than so much waste paper. The Three
per Cents. would be down to two. The Bulls and
Bears would sigh and groan and weep in touch-
ing fellowship of tribulation. The Bank Direc-
tors would heap sackcloth and ashes on their
heads. Threadneedle-street would refuse to

be comforted ; and the voice of wailing
would be heard among the counting-houses of Lom-
bard-street ! No wonder that the Herald, in the very
midst of its jocularity, takes a sudden fright at the
bare contemplation of this state of things, and warns
its readers, in its most awful and oracular manner,
against the democratic designs of the Anti-Corn-law
confederacy! But let not our Contemporary be alarmed.
The League has not the remotest idea of shipping
off Queen VICTORIA to Hanover, and proclaiming
a Republic. It has no wish to disembarrass
the aristocracy of their possessions ; and we
have every reason to believe—indeed we may
be considered as speaking on authority—that
were things to come to the worst, Mr. COBDEN
would decline the rresident's chair, and, in concert
with his colleagues, make every effort to maintain
the integrity of the Three per Cents., add calm the
apprehensions of the high-minded and disinterested
Bulls and Bears of the Stock Exchange !

Nothing in the world is so unreasonable as poli-
tical morality. Hypocrisy, in the moral intercourse
of social life, is odious enough, Heaven knows ; and is
always, when detected, as ridiculous as odious. But
political morality does not even affect to observe the
mere appearances of those virtues, the distinct exercise
of which it rigorously exacts from all with whom it
is brought into contact. It does not simply commit
the most atrocious frauds, violences, and iniquities—
on States and individuals where it has its own pur-
poses to serve, and they have not the art or the power
to resist its machinations—but it justifies them. It
broadly proclaims that its own ends justify all the means
that it may employ for their attainment. But whilst
it allows this-latitude to its own principles of action,
it will not allow to its friends or its foes the slightest
right of private judgment in adapting theirs to the
exigency of circumstances, however imperative. A
few months ago the journals of the United States
were loud and furious in their deprecations of the
ambition and reckless spirit of aggrandisement which,
according to them, had prompted this country to
allow Blicisit subjects to occupy the territory of the
Oregon. To that territory they claimed a priority of
title—a title which has since been abundantly dis-
proved in the diplomatic State papers by themselves,
produced in order to found it. But, at the same time,
as they still do now, they urged on the annexation
of Texas to their own territory, in virtue of
pretensions much more lately originated. The pre-
text relied on for the annexation of Texas never con-
cealed for a moment the objects of occupying a terri-
tory, favourable beyond all others for the purposes of
a great slave eidrepot between Africa and South
America, and of adding one to the strength of the slave-
holding States of the Federal Union. This flagitious
scheme for securing a majority to the southern States
against those of the north was advocated by the men who
were most unmeasured in their invectives against
England for its lust of dominion, and for the inade-
quacy of its political institutions, as compared with
those of the Union, to uphold the rights of human
freedom ! But the French were certainly disposed
to " go ahead" of brother Jonathan, altogether, in
this one-sided self-complacent, prejudiced, and incon-
sistent political morality. We have been greatly
amused with some passages in the foreign correspon-
dence that has come under cur review, and which
bear very closely and with singular force on this
point.

For example. With the seizure and occupation of
Algeria fresh in the recollections of the French mind

(contrasted, as that is, in the mind of Europe at large
with the solemn recorded abjuration of all intention
to occupy, on the part of the French Government), it
is less surprising, perhaps, than whimsical, to find the
Commerce giving us credit for no less a design than
to make, with Russia, a partition of the Turkish
empire l ! We are to act with as much profligate
injustice to the SULTAN, as the CZARINA did to the
unfortunate King of POLAND ; and the duplicity of
our diplomacy at the outset of these fine designs is
not to lioe exceeded by that which has refused to
vacate Algeria, in fulfilment of its formal declara-
tions, or which is now affecting to demand atone-
ments and apologies from Morocco for its own
aggressions on her territory. The Commerce, it
seems, in the language of the Morning. Post, has dis-
covered the secret of " the Emperor of Russia's visit
to England, and of that which Count NESSELRODE
has since paid to this country. A treaty of alliance
has been concluded between England and Russia, the
real and final object of which is the approaching par-
tition of Turkey, and the avowed and momentary
one, the giving to the former power a sovereign com-
mand over the Isthmus of Suez for its military and
political communications with India by the Red Sea,
and to the latter, the passage of the Dardanelles for
the Black Sea fleet."

We have not the heart gravely to contradict this
hypothesis; it is too overwhelming and too probable.
But the " Courrier Francais" publishes a long letter
from Aden, reprinted in the Times, which is the per-
fection of the politico-moral hypocrisy we have ad-
verted to. It is curious, that in the same paper, we
have an extract from the Hon. Mr. CUSHING'S inte-
resting description of A den, forty arded by that gentle-
man (American Commissioner to China) to the
National Institute at Washington. Mr. CUSHI?iG,
writing like an observant and intelligent traveller,
speaks approvingly of our sagacity and indomitable
perseverance ; but never once detects in the manifes-
tation of these qualities a deliberate desire to shut
out all the world besides from the commerce of
Arabia and India :

" In taking possessionnsit %Aden, in Arabia," says Mr.
importante
Cushing, " the overnment has recently ac•
militarythe
post on the southern
quired a,very
shores of Arabia, near to Straitseand
the
Seaof Bo
of
be
Arabia,lm and eals,
I% hich commands the Red Se
even moreetr
Gibraltar
Gibraltar, a castle of
and. a portion of the
Gibraltar does the Mediterranean
ofa liinmaeri
hvoal,,nAattluarnet'isc.owAn Aden is,
At
excavated for herself a citadel in the heart England has
stone mountain. At Aden she has planted herselfrrit
ancient crater, and sits secure within the
for-
tress formed by the lofty sides of an extinctpvolnicae
''he correspondent of the Courrier hopes thate his

information " about Aden may be useful to his
country;" and, therefore, sets out with the important
announcement that it was formerly called Portus Ro-
manus, and is a town of the Yemen, which, from its
position and recent occupation by the English, pro-
mises to become an important commercial and military
station, particularly now that Egypt is advancing to-
wards the period when she will become a British colony.
(More information here.) After giving a minute
description of the fort, the harbour, the batteries, and
the heights on which these latter are erected, he
breaks out into the following strain of amusingly
splenetic contemplation :
" I ascended these heights, and I confess I was asto-
nished to find the harbour so easily defended, and this im-
pregnable position, surrounded by a natural girdle of
bastions, which only wait to be armed to be capable of
annihilating the most formidable fleets. I experienced
the most painful emotions at the idea of the consequences
of these preparations. I cannot comprehend how France
and Europe regard with indifference England preparing
a new Gibraltar on this road, fruitful in riches, which
extends from the European Ocean to the Indian Ocean
by traversing Egypt. We must not deceive ourselves, it
is a new Gibraltar which is already erected at Aden."

A very grievous thing, indeed ! What a piece of
presumption in England—when France was so
honourably signalising the profundity and grandeur
of her designs by a, descent on the Marquesas, an
angry demonstration against Buenos Ayres, a coup
de main upon Otabeite—to cast about and plant the
British flag on so commanding a post upon "a road
fruitful in riches"—instead of cocoa-nuts or bread-
fruit trees. The writer anticipates that if England
be interrogated on this subject, she may probably
reply, " What we are doing is against the Arabs."
This, we are told, is " vain pretext and pure decep-
tion," for "it is evident these works are intended for
more than the muskets of the Bedouins." Astonish-
ing discovery ! That the walls and works which pro-
tect Aden, the strongest natural post, perhaps, on the
whole coast of Arabia, should be more than musket
proof, is a fact well calculated to awaken the most
profound and alarming suspicions. " Everything,"
we are told, "marches silently towards one object,
fatal to the liberty of the seas for every nation in
Europe." The truth is, that this French letter-writer
seems indignant at the notion of batteries being
raised of greater resisting power than the log-forts of
Otaheite, or the ruinous bastions and casemates of
Tangiers or Mogadore. lie quotes (as the informa-
tion, we suppose, which is to be useful to his country)
this description of Aden from some pestilent "Eng-
lish elementary treatise, entitled System of Geo-
graphy :' "

" This peninsula has much resemblance to the rock of
Gibraltar, and may be easily rendered as impregnable.. .
The English Government has taken possession of it.
Aden has the advantage over Gibraltar of possessing a
harbour which is perfectly secure and capable of con-
taining the most formidable squadron, and, consequently,
of holding the key of the Red Sea against any power
that exists. Last year three; British officers came to
Aden to study a general system of defence, of which the
works executed at the entrance of the town are the com-
mencement."

And we fear the reader will be hardly prepared to
believe that these Commissioners, instead of recom
mending their own Government to lay their reports
before Admiral DUPLTIT THOUARS, or the Prince DE
JOINVILLE, and to solicit the Government of France
to seize, but of course " not to occupy," the fort and
little adjacent territory of Aden, have actually con-
tributed to bring about this very un-French like state
of things there :—" At present the rocks of Aden are
crowned with cannon. The only entrance to the town
is fortified, and the garrison is already composed of
two regiments of infantry and two companies of
Indian and European artillery." We suppose it will
be demanded of Lord ABERDEEN that he, at least,
will cashier the Commissioners and recal the troops.

Madrid Journals and letters of the 9th have been
received. M. MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA had arrived in
the capital, and, it was thought, would accept the
post of Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Dispatches from Cadiz had reached the French
Legation, and the report was afloat at Madrid that
the negotiations between France and Morocco were
assuming a more favourable aspect. The Prince
DE JOINVILLE was still at Cadiz.
The successes of the Carlists in the elections in
Navarre, appear to have excited the apprehensions
of the reigning party.
The Globo has the following on the subject :
" The Carlists, under the command of the clergy,
are flocking to the elections, and triumphing at Pampe-
tuna and at other places. The names of the successful
candidates are not equivocal ; they are the writers of the
Onate Gazette, the members of the Estella Junta, and a
journalist who urges at Madrid a coalition between the
Carlists and a fraction of the Moderado party. Pam-
peluna letters of the sth announce that at Huerte,
Traquil, Peralta, and other places, the Carlists have
prevailed, and that the elections are hotly disputed at
Elisondo, and in other parts of the %stay,. Rarnn
Zauaeracto, nas been repulsed at Pampeluna.
At Salamanca the Carlists are also prevailing over the
Monarchico-Constitutional party."
The Gibraltar Chronicle of the 2d instant, after
stating that a son of the Emperor of MOROCCO had
paid a visit to her MAJESTY'S ship Formidable, and
been received with due honours, adds :

" The Moors occupy a fort to the east of the town of
Mogadore, whence they have fired on the Frenh ship-
of-war I'Algier, which arrived from Toulon on the 31st
August. They obliged that ship to move to the south
of the island. She was carrying large quantities of am-
munition ; 35,000 projectiles have been discharged in
the bombardment of Mogadore.

" The Moorish batteries established along the coast fire
on all ships that approach it, supposing that the French
hoist foreign flags in order to approach the fortifications
more safely.
" Mr. Bnlwer has left in the Heels steamer for Cadia,
with the satisfaction of having finally settled the dif-
ferences between Spain and Morocco."

The Cadiz Defensor dcl Pueblo also says:—

" Yesterday the English steamer Hecla arrived from
Gibraltar with Mr. Bulwer, and she confirms the news
of the conclusion of peace between Spain and Morocco."
The Barcelona prints of the 10th instant are desti-
tute of news.

MADRID BOLZA, SEPT. 9.—Three per Cents., 27
13.16, at 60 days ; Floating Debt on the Treasury
62 for cash, 631 at 60 days. Debt without interest
6 1-16, at 60 days. Exchange—London, 374.

The Paris papers of Sunday have arrived. The
Journal des Debats has a long article on the affairs of
British India. It thus comments on the causes
which led to the dismissal of Lord ELLENBOROUQII
The dismissal of Lord Ellenborough may be consi-
dered as the result of a struggle for power, which has
been for a long time going on between the Directors of
the Company and the Home Government. It is a bold
attempt on the part of the Directors to recover their
ancient position in the Government of India. This
struggle will probably end in their fall at the approach-
ing expiration of their charter in 1854, but they will at
least have succeeded in causing themselves to be re-
spected during this interval by the successors of Lord
Ellenborough. If they can do nothing against a
Ministry which attracts everything to itself, and absorbs
day by day all the substance of power, they will at least
have shown to future Governors-General that they must
not jest with their powerlessness, and treat their coun-
sels with disdain. Their feelings, however, must have
been wounded, and their indignation raised to the
highest degree before, to force them unanimously to
oppose the present Government with which they sym-
pathise. The fact is the correspondence of Lord El-
lenborough with them was contemptuous and insulting
to the last degree. Despotism and presumption were
the characteristic traits of this statesman."

With regard to the great confederacy against Bri-
tish domination in India, of which Russia, was the
head and the chief, and which extended through Bok-
ara, Persia, and all Affghanistan, the formation of
which it pompously announced some time ago, it

now admits that the confederacy has moderated its
pretensions, or in other words, failed, and that Rus-
sia, at length, is convinced that all its intrigues to•
wards sapping the foundation of our power are im-
potent.
The article in the Journal des Debar of the day
before, stating that the Duke DE GLUCKSBERG and
Consul DE NTON have been instructed to proceed to
Tangiers, and endeavour to renew negotiations with
the Emperor of Moaocco, is animadverted upon by
all the Opposition prints. The expenses which the
war has already required are enumerated and magni-
fied, and the Cabinet is violently assailed for tender-
ing peace on no harsher terms than those it proposed
before the battle of Isly, and the bombardments of
Tangiers and Mogadore. This forbearance is, of
course, imputed to a dread of the displeasure of this
country, which, after being alternately represented as
marring and favouring the negotiations of France,
and applauding and thwarting her operations, is now
considered as anxious that she should forthwith make
peace, but on the most unprofitable terms. The
Presse, however, differs from the majority of its Con-
temporaries, and suspects that England would gladly
see France engaged in an interminable war in
Africa, even should she destroy Tetuan, Larache, and
Salee, and burn Fez, Mequinez, and Mazagan. "We
must not," says that print, " iuffer ourselves to be