The Sun.
London, England, 1850-06-20 00:00:00

THE SUN,

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARICET.
Mr. B. Webster, Sole Lessee and Manager, Old Brompton.
THIS EVENINt,
Will be Performed SEPARATE MAINTENANCE.
To be followed by an entirely new comic Drama, entitled NONE
Bur THE BRAVE DESERVE THE FAIR. Don Flores del Caro,
Mr. B. Webster; Don Pachico de Tremolo, Mr. Buckstone ; Don
Rococo de Fria% Mr. C. Selby; Isabella, Miss ncyrrolds.
After which TIIE ENCHANTED ISLE.
To conclude with the successful and laughable Farce, called an
4LARMING SACRIFICE. Bob Ticket, Mr. Buckstone ; Susan
gweetapple, Mrs. Fitzsilliam.
The &a-office Is under the direction If Mr. I. T. Archer.

THEATRE ROYAL, AuELriii.
Under the direction of Madame Celeste.
THIS :EVENING,
Will be reproduced the celebrated Drama of THE WEPT OF THE
leuford,
Principal characters Hughes
lg,
l Wright, 0. Smith ;Madame Celesteand Miss Wooar.Cul-
After which a new Terpsicorian Burlesque Entitled F,SMEBALDA.
Chdracters by Messsrs. 0. Smith, Wright, P. Bedford ; Madams
Celeste, Miss Woolgar, and Miss K. Fitzwilltam.
To conclude with. a new and original Farce, In the
Vulgar Tongue, to be called JACK IN THE GREEN ; or, HMIs on
Etiquette.

FRENCH PLAYS.—ST. JAMES'S THEATRE.
TO-MORROW EVENING,
The Entertainments will commence at Eigtt o'clock, with
LE CHEVALIER DE ST. GEORGES.
To conclude with a new Vaudeville, entitled
LA DAME DE TREFLE.
Boxes and Stalls may be secured at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library,
33, Old Bond-street ; and at the Box-office of the Theatre, which
open daily from Eleven till Five o'clock.

ASTL E 1"S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty.
Astley's Waterloo Fete.—ln commemoration of the glorious 18th
of June, will be revived, for Five Nights only, the grand National
Spectacle of the Battle of Waterloo.
The orand Military Spectacle of the Affghanistan War. Brilliant
Display of Equestrian Wonders in the Scenes in the Arena, by the
tirst Artlites in Europe.
THIS EVENING,
The Entertainments will comm,mee at Seven o'clock, with
the immensely successful grand National Military Equestrian and
Dramatic Spectacle (in three acts) entitled
THE AFFUHANISTAN WAR ; or the Revolt of Cabul and British

Triumphs in India.
Produced with every possible care to all its original and magnificent
effects, calling into action the unequalled resources of the estab-
lishment.
A Brass Band engaged carrefsly for the .occasion, and a host of
Auxiliaries.
To be succeeded by an Inimitable Display of Batty's Feats of
Equitation in the Cirqde Olympique.
To conclude with the BATTLE OF WATERLOO.
Boa-office open From Eleven till Four.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. West.

Under the Patronage of her Most Gracious Majesty, his Royal
Highness Prince Albert, &c. &c.
Fifth week of Moos. JULLIEN.
ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
OPEN every MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, and
THURSDAY. . •
THIS DAY, Jane 19th, the Royal South London Floricultural
Society will hold their second GRAND MISCELLANEOUS
FLOWER SEIOW, on which occasion an Extra Brass Band will
he in attendance, with all the other attractions of the Gardens.
Doors open at One.
Prodigious Success of the entirely new-modelled Dioramic Pic-
ture representing the PASSAGE of the ALI'S by Napoleon and his
Army : the largest Picture in the World! with,innumerable moving
Figures the size of life. Modelled, painted, and produced by Mr.
Danson and Son, assisted by Messrs. Adams, Wilson, Ice: &C. The
Picture has occupied the Messrs. Danson for many months, and it is
confidently submitted to the Public as a chef-dtauvre of art, and not
inferior to any production of the day. . . . . . .

The SpIendid‘MENAGERIE has -lately been enriched by savera
ralunble Presents Lout the Queen.
Tho Musical Department will he conducted by Mons. Jullien and
Mr. Godfrey. It will be the aim of the Establishment to offer
for the gratification of the Ribscriheis and the Public, the
most Splendid Military Band In the Kingdom ! ! Selected
from the Bands df her Majesty's Horse and Foot Guards, and the
most eminent Artistes in the profession.
The following List of engagements will, Itas hoped, convince the
Public, that the icing-acknowledged excellence of the Band of this
Establishment will be Tully maintained!. The Repertoire of Music
will bo most extensive and varied, arranged from the most Popular
Operas in this and other countries: Solo-Players—Messrs. Keenig,
Lazarus, Prosperre,-Colinet,Tratten, Jarrett, Sonnenberg; Sommers,
and Winterl)otharn.

`During the evening a grand Colossal, Scenic, and Pyrotechnic
Tableau illustrating the celebrated Picture by David, of Buonaparte
Crossing the Alps! Showing a general view of the :Region of the
Alps, stretching from the small mountain lake in the foreground to
the distant snow-clad mountains, crowned by the stupendous Mount
St. Bernard and its far-famed Monastery. A portion of the INench
Army is first seen " en bitouae," presently the drums beat to antis,
and amid the clash of Military Bands and Martial Music, the Troops
commence the Ascent. The Soldiers are aeon dragging the Artillery in
Trunks of Trees, non ascending almost Perpendicular Heights, and
traversing the most Terrific Ravines, hut all difficulties are overcome,
and the Gallant Aimy is seen. punning Its course, to the Fertile
Plains of Italy.

The v►hole to conclude with a Gorgeous Display of Fireworks, by
Messrs. Southby, intioducing, amongst various .noveltiesi the most
admired 'bo= d'artiflce of former seasons, jets Wens, water rockets,
revolving pieces, a magnificent Transparency, fifty feet in height,
painted by Kessrs. DttiSon, repreSeriting Buonaparte on Horseback
cheering on his Troops, surrounded by wariike emblems, Insignia of
honour, flags, ttophies, &c., amidst a cerruscation of various coloured
tires.

rhe complicated and difficult machinery, and the erection of the
picture under the direction of Mr. Thos Lowe. The extensive gas
fittings by Adessrs..llotcherby and Dixon, 23, King-street, Covent-
garden. . . .

Admission. la.

MGR WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

True DAY —Moining 39 min. after 10 I Evening, 10 min. after 11
To-Moattow=3lorning 39 min. after• 11 I Evening 0 min. after 0

TUE WEATHER.—Sux OFFICE, Jusic 20.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
73—highest since noon yesterday.
53—lowest this morning and during the night.
70—this day, at noon.
BAROMETER, 30.33.
WIND S.E.—light breeze and fine sunshiny 'veather.

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LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE 20, 1850.

It was quite unnecessary for the Honourable
Member fur Manchester to offer any cpology for
bringing under the notice of the House the impor•
tent subject which he on Tuesday night introduced
with so much ability. It related to a question in
which every British citizen is deeply interested, and
on whiCh the welfare and prosperity of the influential
constituency which. the Honourable Gentleman re-
presents in Parliament mainly depends. It is impos-
sible to estimate the .extent of the mischiefs that would
result &cm an inadequate supply of the raw material
of our cotton manufactures. Thousands -and tens of
thousands cf men, women, and children would be de-
prived of employment, and wculd suffer the utmost
privations and misery until they took refuge in the
various workhouses. An enormous amount of capital
would remain idle and unproductive, and a
commercial crisis would ensue, exceeding in
magnitude that under which the country
suinred so severely in 1847 ; many firms of high
respectability and undoUbted solvency would be re -
duct.d to a state of bankruptcy ; the national re-
venue would fail, and ruin and almost unparalleled
distress would prevail oa every side. We should no
longer heve the purchasing power to pay for the pro-
ductions of other nations, and we should be con-
tented to do without many things which, from long
usage, have become articles of almost primary neces-
sity. No less than two millions of our population
are engaged directly in the manufacture of cotton
j fabric's ; and, in addition to ass vast quantity of these
articles consumed in the home market, the declared
value of the cotton goods exported during the pastyear
amounted to no less than 26,000,0001. sterling, or four
per cent. on the entire exports of the country.

But, notwithstanding these undoubted facts, we
have hitherto evince I a culpable negligence and
apathy with respect to the supply of this most im-
portant article. We are satisfied to place our chief,
if not our entire, dependence on the Southern States
of America, where the crop is altogether the result of
slave labour. If any unfortunate misunderstanding
should interrupt our amicable relations with that
country, or if, what we so anxiously desire, slavery
should be abolished throughout the entire western
hemisphere—if, in fact, any of the numerous con-
tingencies to which the article is peculiarly liable in its
cultivation should take place, we should too late deplore
the fatal consequences of our own blindness and fatuity.
Should these contingencies not •reach to the total ab-
sence cf the raw material, but 'merely" in increase in
the cost ptice therecf, to the eatent of 2d. or 3d. per
pound, the consequences, although not altogether in-
surmountable, would still be very serious, and such
as no
man of ordinary prudence and foresight would
be willing to encounter.
cboeuledonb
If no adequate remedy
possible evil we Should tee
nprovided
tfor this
" hazard of the die"—to meet the danger we could
not possibly avert. But it is well known, that among
the colonies and dependencies
of the
British empire
there are districts admirably adapted for the growth of
cotton, and that if due encouragement' were afforded
to the cultivators, and that the obstacles which at
present impede its production were removed by wise
and judicious regulations, we should be rendered in-
dependent American States, and from
of the any
undue or unreasonable increase of price. Why then
t. •tv neglected ? Why do we
is the golden oppor,a2m.
omit, while there is yet time, to adopt the necessary
precautions against any possible failure ? The time
may arrive, and that speedily, when we shall bitterly
rue our criminal negligence.
• I.
It appears that the climate and coil of Australia
•
' are well adapted to the cultivation cf cotton, as
also those of the West India islands. Indeed, a con-
siderable quantity of cotton, about 60,000 bales, was
. a annually imported from thence in former years,
quantity which hn, however, latterly fallen off
ma-
terially, so that we now receive an average of 8,0010
hales per annum only, or about one eighth of tee
former amount. This deficienfy has been occasioned
partly because sugar and coffee were found or be-
lieved to be more profitable, but chiefly from the de.

LONDON,

ficient supply of labour in these islands. The latter
cause would also prevent any great supply being ob-
tained, for many years at least, from Australia. Some
stimulus may be applied to the cultivation—the pro-
duce may be quadrupled, or even more, but still we
cannot look for a sufficient quantity from these
colonies to compensate for any deficiency in the
American supply.
But it is otherwise in our Anglo-Indian territories.
Everything essential to the cultivation is there—the
climate and soil are admirably adapted for the crop,
and labour can be bad to any extent that, might be
required at a very moderate rate of remuneration.
But certain fiscal regulations have interfered with
the production, and led to the very marked decline
that has taken place cf late years in this most im-
portant branch of our Indian commerce. From
the heavy charges to which the ryots were
exposed, the enormous expenses of the land-
carriage in bringing it to market, the loss
of time in the transit of the cotton, and the de-
terioration it undergoes in quality from exposure to
the weather, the dust of the roads, sweating of the
animals, and other drawbacks incidental to the sys-
tem of conveyance, the fair profit of the producer and
of the merchant was so far reduced as to withhold
the ordinary inducement for its cultivation.
These causes may, however, be removed, and the
object of Mr. BRIGHT'S motion was to obtain such an
inquiry as would lead to an improvement in the
system. For that purpose he proposed that "an
address should be presented to her MAJESTY, pray-
ing her. MAJESTY to appoint a commission
to proceed to India to inquire into the ob-
stacles which prevent an increased growth
of cotton in that country, and to report upon any cir-
cumstances which may injuriously affect the econo-
mical and industrial condition of thenative population,
being cultivators of the soil within the presidencies of
Bombay and Madras." This was, unfortunately, not
granted, but the very discussion must be highly bene-
ficial, and will necessarily lead at no distant period to
the ameliorations which the Honourable Gentleman
so earnestly desires, and which are so essential to the
welfare and prosperity. of the United Kingdom.

The prospects of fiscal reform continue to brighten.
The oppressive, unequal, and—notwithstanding the
decision of the Court of Exchequer, to which we
alluded last week, we venture to adclillegal assess-
ment of the land-tax, which has recently been brought
to light, has excited a feeling throughout the country
which cannot subside until full justice be rendered
to the parties so deeply aggrieved under the exist-
ing system. Inquiries have been instituted into the
origin of the impost, the nature of the property on
which it was levied, and the purposes for which it
was to provide. We have thus discovered the
mode in which indirect has been substituted
for direct taxation, by which the owners
of accumulated and realised property have
contrived to shift the burden from their own
shoulders and to cast it on those whose only inhe-
ritance is their labour, and who earn their daily
bread by the sweat of their brows. We are thus en-
tering on the right path. The true questions are
being raised for the consideration of the people. The
good seed is sown, and will bring forth its fruits in
due season. When the next general election is about
to take place a greater importance will be attached
to the cpinions of candidates on this deeply interest-
ing subject than was the case on any former occasion.
Oa the hustings the matter will no longer be passed
over sub silentio ; nor will the people be satisfied with
vague and empty declamation, or unmeaning assu
rances that the claimants for their suffrages are dis-
posed to bestow full and attentive consideration on
the disputed points. Men who aspire to represent_
important constituencies, and to make laws fir the
governance of their fellow-citizens, should not remain
undecided on a question of primary importance, affect-
ing the prosperity and happiness of the great body of
the people more deeply than any other that could be
promulgated. They must be prepared to express
their views clearly and distinctly, without qualification
or evasion, to state whether it is their purpose that
" the many" should still be plundered for the benefit
of the privileged few, or whether they are prepared to
advocate honestly and sincerely those, fiscal changes
which arc alike demanded by justice and expediency.
Four years since, on the dissolution of the last
Parliament, we earnestly called upon the various
constituencies to demand an exposition of their
opinions on this topic from the several candidates, to
make it, in fact, the touchstone for testing the poll.
tical faith of the aspirants to Parliamentary' distinc-
tion. Unfortunately, however, they remained in-
different and apathetic. Their recent triumph over
protection and monopoly—the abolition of the
iniquitous bread-tax, had cheered the hearts of the
industrious classes. . Free trade, or rather what was
termed " free trade," had been obtained. The great
principle had been affirmed that taxation
should thenceforward be imposed for purposes
of revenue only, and not of protection. The efforts
of the people were directed to consolidate their acqui-
sitions and to strengthen their position, rather than
to achieve new victories—to defeat any convulsive
efforts of the reactionaries, than to make further pro-
grees. Our warnings were therefore unheeded, and
no step was taken to reform the " National Exchequer,"
and to enforce a more equitable distribution of the
public charges, so that every man should contribute
his proportion of the State expenditure, seeundum
statum et jacultates —accord ing to his position in so-
ciety, and the stake he possessed in the country.
_ _

Since that period, however, a commercial
crisis of no ordinary magnitude has occurred.
Mercantile houses of undoubted solvency and
unblemished , reputation".. were reduced to the
verge of bankruptcy and ruin. Many, too
many, yielded to the pressure, while those who were
enabled "to weather the storm" will long have
cause to remember the enormous sacrifices to which
they were compelled to submit in order to maintain
their position. The working classes sustained their
full share of the general suffering. Production, if
not altogether suspended, was exceedingly limited ;
employment was difficult to be obtained even at re-
duced wages. The causes of these untoward results
were closely investigated, and were ascertained to be
chiefly owing to our iniquitous "monetary" and
" fiscal" codes—the first depriving the people of a
measure and representative of value adequate
to the wants and exigencies of the country,
keeping back the " very life blood of industry,"
the latter operating to the prejudice of our commerce
and manufactures, and thus restricting employment
and reducing its remuneration, so that a " fair day's
wages could not be obtained for a fair day's work ;"
and also casting upon the scanty earnings of indus-
try a more than due proportion of the public expen-
diture—the over-toiled operative who gained by un-
ceasing labour a pound per week, having to pay about
40 per cent. of his income in taxation, while the
wealthy fundholder need not, if he does not please to
do so, pay more than 21. 18s. 4d. per cent., and, even
under the most favourable circumstances, give more
than 10 or 12 per cent. on his easily acquired
income. The admirable publications of the Liver-
pool Financial Reform Associations, and the ex-
ertions of the different bodies that sprung up
throughout the country in alliance with that patriotic
society, have further stimulated the people, and a
spirit has sprung up which will lead to the most
important results. The light at last is beginning to
appear in the horizon. Ample materials for the
proper settlement of these vexatce questiones are
accumulating, and the fiscal code must speedily be
adapted to the advanced spirit of the age and the
real wants of the community.

The Bishop of London has licensed the Rev. A. F.
Pettigrew, M.A., to the incumbency of Brompton Chapel;
the Itey. Henry Fyffo, M.A., to the curacy of St. Paul and
St. Barnabas, Pimlico; and the Rev. S. Wood, 8.A., to the
curacy of St. Thomas, Charterhouse.
LIE OLYMPIC THEATRE. • We understand a
fashionable house is expected at this theatre to-morrow, to
witness an amateur performance in aid of the funds for the
Exhibition of 1851. The amateurs will be assisted by the
professional talent of Miss Fanny Vining and Miss Florence
Grey. The pieces are Love's Sacrifice and Planet:l6's Charles
the Twelfth.

WEST CORNWALL RAILWAY.—The Committee on
this company's Bill fora branch at Hayle, modifications of
agreement with the liavle shareholders, and for alteration of
gauge, have declared the preamble proved.
COMMERCIAL GAS AND POPLAR. GASLIGHT COM"
nmEs —The Committee report that the standing orders in
thec cases have been complied with.

• - ------
OSTEND. JUNE. 7.—The -Mr. 'Walpole, Lidy
Neville, 11. R. Neville' lisq , and Clptain R. Carlyle,
ariived on Saturday, by the General Steam Navigation Coln-
panY'd Stem:la-ship Sir Edward Banks, from London.