The Sun.
London, England, 1850-05-20 00:00:00

Now in course of publication,
NEW EDITION of EVELYN'S DIARY
AND CORRESPONDENCE.
REVISED WITH NUMEROUS ADDITIONAL NOTES,
Uniform with the New Edition of " Pepy's Diary." To be com-
pleted in 4 vols., price 10s. 6d. each, bound. Vols. I. and 11.,
comprising the Diary, are now ready.
" The new edition of this valuable standard book will meet with a
warm welcome from the public. It is impossible to overrate the in-
terest and value of a diary and correspondence written by such a man
es Evelyn, and in such times as those of Charles 1., Oliver Cromwell,
Charles 11., dames 11., and William III." —Weekly Chronicle.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

some of the rules of Parliamentary procedure, The
nuisance has at length reached to such a point that it
can no longer be endured. Although matters of the
deepest and most vital importance to the welfare and
prosperity of the nation are necessarily postponed
from want of time for their due consideration, we
daily find that many valuable hours are wasted
through the wanton and capricious conduct of some
of the chosen representatives of the people. Such
acts might not be wondered at if proceeding from a
set of foolish schoolboys, indifferent to future conse-
quences, but they are rather out of place in Mem-
bers of a grave Legislative Assembly, entrusted
with the discharge of arduous and honourable duties.
It may be very well to prevent a division from taking
place when there is but a thin attendance, or to sus-
pend proceedings if at least forty Honourable Gen-
tlemen should not be in their places, until a proper
number should assemble ; but it is monstrous to ter-
minate the sitting because some prosing orator has
succeeded in wearying his audience, and driving
them from the House until his tedious harangue may
be expected to be approaching to its conclusion.
Day after day is thus lost to the country, and the
session is most unnecessarily protracted to afford a
puerile triumph to some children of larger growth.
We have already alluded .to the abortive attempt
at counting out on Thursday night, during the speech
of Sir FREDERICK THESIGER on the Marriages Act.
It was by the merest accident that the ruse was de-
feated on that occasion, and that the House was not
compelled to separate, in the midst of its deliberations
.on a question of the deepest interest to the com-
munity in general, and against the wishes of
a large majority. The subsequent divisions
clearly showed that the want of attendance for a
brief period was not through any carelessness on .the
subject. On the first division no less than 183 Mem-
bers voted, and on the second the number was .in-
creased to 281, and yet the " surprise" was all but
successful. On the following evening, when -the
First Lord of the Treasury had, in one of the most
brilliant and effective speeches ever heard within the
walls of Parliament, brought forward a subject of
paramount importance, not only to Ireland, but to
the United Kingdom, a similar attempt was barely
defeated, although 234 Members shortly afterwards
voted on the question of adjournment. Thus, a
" Government night" was nearly thrown away, not-
withstanding the well-known influence of the whip-
per-in, whose perplexity at the unexpected demand
was perfectly ludicrous. Again, on Thursday
evening, a wise and salutary 'measure was retarded
through the abuse of the power of moving the ad-
journment of the House. The Hon. Gentleman the
Member for Athlone, who has evinced the most
praiseworthy zeal in forwarding legal 'reforms, moved
the second reading of the Court of Prerogative
(Ireland) Bill. His object was to establish a general
Court of Probate, and to effect some much-required
alterations in the mode of procedure 'of the court.
It was intended, after the second reading, to refer
the measure to a Select Committee, so that the most
ample consideration would be secured for the mea-
sure. We should have supposed that there could be
but little objection to the principle of such a Bill ;
that few could be found anxious to defend such
lucrative sinecures as the Registrarships of these courts.
But Honourable Gentlemen appeared indifferent
to such considerations. The adjournment of the de-
bate was first moved and rejected by a considerable
majority ; it was immediately afterwards moved,
and by the same Right Hon. Member, " that the
House do now adjourn," and again on a division it
was found that there were but 20 in favour of the
proposition, while 95 voted against it. These deci-
sive majorities were not, however, sufficient to deter
the factious minority. There was another division
and the same 20 persons again walked into the lobby:
while no leas than 83 appeared at the other
side. A similar motion was again moved, and
a Right Honourable Gentleman, from whom we should
have expected better things, expressed' a hope that
the obstructives—whom, in a rich vein of satire, he
designated as the " Spartan Band,"—would persevere
in dividing the House until the second reading was
postponed. The allusion was certainly appropriate.
He might have exclaimed—
" Of the three hundred, grant but three
To make a new Thermopyle)."
For even three of the " Spartans" would be sufficient
to defeat all the power of the Government, sustained
by the strongly expressed wishes of the entire House.
But seriously, we ask, should such proceedings be
sanctioned or tolerated in the middle of the nineteenth
ceatury ? The absurdity of the rules can best be un-
derstood from the examples we have cited. The
voice of public opinion has already been heard in fa-
vour of the changes that may be necessary to remove
the delays and embarrassments that have so mate-
rially retarded the dispatch of public business; and, to
enable the Legislature to discharge its multifarious
and important duties without hindrance or ob-
struction, we would deprive the " Spartan
youths" of the mischievous weapons which
they wield so recklessly. We would suggest that
where it is required that the House should be
counted that the sitting should only be suspended,
and that business should be resumed when forty
Members were in attendance. And we would adopt
the Speaker's proposition, " that no motion for
an adjournment should be made within one hour after
the House had decided; against a similar proposal,"
and
ialso " that no division on the question should be
allowed unless twenty-one Members by standing in
their places should declare themselves with the ayes."
By such means alone will the existing anomalies be
removed, and the representative branch of the' Legis-
lature prevented from being scandalized in the eyes of
the community.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of Saturday
and yesterday.
On Saturday the report on the Electoral Law was
read in the National Assembly by M. LEON Fan-
CHER, and urgency was demanded, the discussion of
which is fixed for Tuesday. M. LAMARTINE, M.
EMANUEL ARAGO, and upwards of twenty Members
inscribed themselves to speak on the question of
urgency before the sitting terminated.
The French Government and their organs do not
appear to attach the importance to the recall of M.
DROUYN DE L'Hurs which some of the over zealous
organs of the Absolutist-party in this country would
fain make the world believe :is attached to it. The
Constitutionnel, the organ of the Ministry, thus al-
ludes to the subject :-
4. The French Government is in the clearest and most
favourable position possible; its fairness, its perfect good
faith, its spirit of conciliation, are beyond all doubt. It
is not it which owes explanations—they are due to it. It
has therefore called on the English Government to give
them, by withdrawing its ambassador. This recall
amounts to saying that the circumstances which led to the
failure of the negotiations at Athens and London are sur-
rounded with so much obscurity as to require the French
Government, for the sake of its own dignity, and with a
view to its future conduct, to learn in a precise and public
way what are the veritable causes of the failure, and
what part of responsibility falls on each. If from the ex-
planations which shall be publicly given before the repre-
sentatives of each of the two countries, and before Euro-
pean opinion, it shall manifestly appear that the Mi-
nister of Foreign Affairs of England has displayed in the
negotiations the sineerity, the cordiality, and the entire
uprightness which the French Cabinet has incontestably
done, and that the failure of the negotiations is owing to
a fact neither prepared nor calculated, but absolutely
independent of its will, nothing will prevent the imme-
diate resumption of friendly relations between the two
Cabinets. If it shall appear, on the contrary, from the
discussions, that the conduct of the English Ministry has
not completely corresponded to the fair way of acting of
the French negotiators, it will be useless to resume with
this Minister the intimate relations of which experience
will have shown the inefficacity to produce anything sa-
tisfactery. The two nations will listen, not with in-
difference, but with calm, to this debate, and each will
be the judge of its Government. They are connected
by so many great interests, and united by so many com-
mon opinions, that they must both be equally desirous
of: preserving concord and peace. They would salute
with the same pleasure the resumption of the good —fa=
lations which consolidate the union of France and
England, and will see with the same regret the pro-
longation of the interruption of the diplomatic relations
which weaken this union."
The Journal des Debats, the organ of the Bur-
graves, the masters of the Ministry, thus comments
on the return of M. DROUYN DE L'HUYS :••••
"We cannot conceive the excessive alarm which cer-
tain persons feel at the consequence which might result
from this deplorable incident. The attitude of the
Bourse shows that in general publio opinion does not
attribute to it any greater bearing than is proper; bat
it is not the less true that it is sought to spread the re-
port of extraordinary armaments which had been or-
dered in the norts; and affect to regard the return of M.
Drouyn de l'Huys as the signal of an open rupture-be-
tween the two powers. With regard to the naval ar-
maments, the Government has already contradicted the
report in tho journals, and for our part we are very well
persuaded that it never had an idea of the kind, and that
it would take care not to commit so useles a fault. As
to any rupture between the two countries, we believe in
it still less. M. de Mareschalci remains in London, in
quality of charge d'affaires, and, therefore, diploaittic
relations are not even suspended. What is meant
by the recall of M. Drouyn de l'Huys to Paris is,
that after the want of courtesy of which Lord
Palmerston has been guilty towards the French
Government, the amicable relations of marked and reci-
procal friendship which ought to unite two countries so
near to each other are uninterrupted until fresh orders,
or until explanations or satisfactory marks of regret
have been given. It is a declaration of coolness, and
nothing more; it would be truly too absurd that, for a
dispute which had arisen between the Ministers who re-
present them, and on account of an espieglerie de mauvais
gout committed by a man so compromised in Europe as
Lord Palmerston, France and England should destroy,
each other, and set the world on fire. There are num-
berless diplomatic precedents to teach us what is the
usual practices on occasions like the present, and there
is nothing to justify very great alarm. As we have be-
fore said, if weJose our intimate relations with England,
we, on the other hand, gain by being removed, for some
time at least, from all contact with one of the evil geniuses
of Europe. This is some compensation; and however
long the attitude of coolness may exist between the two
Governments, we do not fear that it will weaken the
feeling of reciprocal esteem and affection which unite
France and England, and which it is for the honour of
both to preserve, and to keep up in the interest of the
peace and the liberty of the world."
The Constitutionnel of Sunday says that it was re-
ported that orders of recall for the Marquis of Non-
MANDY had reached Paris, and had been transmitted
to him at Versailles. This report, however, is not
credited. The Noble Marquis is suffering severely
from injuries sustained in consequence of a fall from
his horse on Friday.
It is said that the omission of the publication of the
communication of General LA .1-11Tra in the Moniteur
was by order of the PRESIDENT, and that it was only
on representations being made to him
.by his Minis-
ters, that the non-appearance of that communication
in the Moniteur could not diminish the publicity
which had been given to it, that he consented to its
appearance in the supplement of the Moniteur.
On this subject we find the following in the
National—
" Every one has seen with profound astonishment that
the official organ of the Government, the Moniteur Uni-
versal, neither inserted in its columns the explanations
given in the tribune by M. La Hitte, nor the letter of
recall of M. Drouyn de l'Huys. It is asked what is the
meaning of this kind of disavowal of the declarations of
the Minister of Foreign Affairs; this prompt falling
back after such a noisy demonstrution. We are now
behind the scenes, and we cannot say to what sudden
influence, intervening like the old Deus ex machina, this
new coup de theatre was owing. But as it is an unex-
ampled thing that the Moniteur should ever forget a part
of the report of the sitting of the Assembly, and parti-
cularly the most important one, it is to be presumed that
it was not by chance or by error that the omission
of the speech of M. La Hitte, and of the diplo-
matic document read by him in the tribune, took
place. It is to reckon too much on the credulity
of the country to suppose for a moment that
auch a ridiculous fable will be credited. But after
having yielded to we know not what imperious exigen-
cies, a sudden change of mind takes place. Contradic-
tion on contradiction ! It was decided that the bad
effect caused by the rather too significant silence of the
Moniteur should be repaired. We therefore, at the
opening of the last sitting, saw M. La Hitte ascend the
tribune in his most solemn pace. With great solemnity
he expressed his astonishment at the forgetfulness of the
official journal, claimed the insertion of the part of the
report of the sitting which hsd been omitted, and even
demanded explanations on what hty could not have been
ignorant of. M. Dupie, who presided, had just arrived
from a journey, and he was not less astonished than M.
La Hitte; and he could not account to himself for such
an inexactitude. Might there not have been an error
on the part of the Mositeur And moreover, there
are Ministerial journals which pre tend to have commu-
nication of documents before the official organ of the
Government itself. Admitting even this' supposition,
why did not the Moniteur at least publish the words
spoken by M. La Hitte, although they had not the
letter. The short-hand writers, always so exact,
always so prompt in their duty—we are pleased to
render them this justice—were they, perchance, asleep
while M. La Butte was speaking? That sleep may
appear natural, but they are too serious in the accom-
plishment of their daily functions to commit such an act.
In short, the explanations given by M. Dupin have, in
fact, explained nothing. Let us agree, if you will, to call
of
the thet h
r actors,eado f
it chance which has caused this singular forgetfulness;
we cannot fail to soon know what is really concealed
under this officious pseudonyme. Neither the arrange-
went
much
concernthe com
use. d
It nori
s the
difficultw a nt
n
t of
unravelskill
this intrigue. The delarat
the speeches delivered by the Marquis of Lansdowne
sioinnguolfartlhye Ewnegakliesnh jteitiierneaals.,
and by Lord Palmerston,
pressions of M. La Hitte. We have not to give our
opinion on matters of detail, to add up the number of
drachmas more or less to. be paid to that facetious per-
sonage, M. Pacifico, or to determine to what amount
more or less favourable to him commences the triumph
or the defeat of -the influence of the La Hitte and
D'Hautpoul Ministry. we must wait unfit light is
thrown on this matter; it suffices for us at the present
moment to know the secret idea which is 'inspired
by the conduct of the Government."
The Patrie denies the statement of the Union, that
the recall of M. Daours DE LIIIUYS took place with-
out the knoviledge of the PRESIDENT. Much credit,
however, is not given.to this denial, and the manner
in which the PRESIDENT received the " Burgraves,"
MOLE, PISCATORY, Tomo, and Co., .at the ball at
1:
sfsoir o
nLondon,
o nt he
the Elysee, on Friday night, was so marked by cold-
ness as to leave little doubt of the feelings with which
he regarded the machinations of these Absolutist in-
triguers.
The National states that M. BEENIER, Director at
the Foreign-office, is aboutpart ton t
he set outdiscussion
se
charged with a special mission.
Forty-onenames toreptarekseentatives have already inscribed
their
Electoral Reform Bill, for, and 35 against • amongst
the latter are General CATAIGNAC and M. LAMAR..
TINE.
The Five per Cents. were done in the Passage. of the
Opera at 87f. 70c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. MAY 18. -
Boulogne and Amiens, 6—Northern of France, 113/4—
Orleans and Bourdcaux, 2X—Paris and Strasbourg, 42_
Rouen and Havre, 7.."

As friends of education, we are .delighted to find
that the project for the institution of the Royal
Panopticon of Science and Art will most probably be
carried into execution in the course of the ensuing
year. It will constitute a very suitable memorial of
the Grand Industrial Exhibition of 1851, and will pro-
bably form a permanent receptacle for many of the
works to be then exhibited. There is one portion of
the plan which we think worthy of especial com-
mendation, and which is thus developed in the pro-
spectus

" A plan will be introduced whereby a great impedi-
ment to the success of mechanics' and other scientific
institutions, particularly in the country, will be removed.
It has been found that the funds of such societies are
seldom sufficient to enable them to procure the apparatus
and appurtenances proper for the illustration of their
lectures; and that such lectures are consequently in a
great measure divested of interest, by want of the neces-
sary experimental elucidation. This is also the case
with lecturers, schoolmasters, and persons generally
devoted to scientific pursuits. To meet this difficulty, it
is proposed to form a large collection of apparatus, suit-
able to the illustration of lectures in every branch of
natural and experimental science. This apparatus will
be lent out on hire upon very moderate terms."
This is an excellent and novel idea, and, if properly
carried out, will do more to popularize science than
any plan that has been proposed of late years. The
Panopticon, which will combine the chief features
of a public exhibition and a private society, will
have a department specially devoted to the teaching
of mechanical engineering, including the principles
and construction of agricultural implements, and will
thus supply a want which has long been felt and
acknowledged. The names associated with the insti-
tution (names illustrious alike in - rank and in
science) are a sufficient guarantee that no pains will
pboessspi
balree d
mtaon
ncearr, r
ayn odutthutshetousnedeuertreakng in h
toithem
ettroe t
isis
allthead
f this
veantagesextchealtiecnan t
inbsetidteartiivoen.d from the esta-
blishment

The Earinear
.
of Roscommon died on Wednesday last Blackrock,
52d year of his age. He
Dublin. his Lordship was in the
DEATH OF THE EARL or Roscouamt orr
was married in 1830 to the sister of the present Earl of
Shrewsbury, by whom he had 'a son, still-born, no other
issue. His Lordship is said to-have been the last of the
ancient line of the Roscommon family.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY BOAT RACE.—The races
terminated on Friday evening. The first three boats main-
tained their position. Oriel broke a rowlock, and was
bumped in consequence by Worcester near the Cherwell ;
University bumped Pembroke at the same place; Exeter
bumped Christchurch under the Willows; and Jesus bumped
Trinity. The following is . the respective position of the
boats :-1. Wadham. 2. Babel. 3. Brasenose. 4. Wor-
cester. 5. Oriel. 6. Lincoln. 7. Exeter. 8. Christchurch.
9. St. John's. 10. University. 11. Pembroke. 12. Mer-
ton. 13. Queen's. 14, Jesus. 15. Trinity. 16. Exeter
(2d). 17. Magdalen Hall. 18. Christchurch (2d).
DEPARTURE 01' THE ASIA.=LIVERPOOL7 SATUR-
DAY EVENIXG.—The British and American Royal Mail
steam- ship Asia, Captain Judkins, set out on her first
voyage across the Atlantic this afternum. She carriei, out
a large number of passengers, and the usual weekly mails, I the latter in charge of Lieutenant Ellis, t
' 5 ;
*--1 Admiralty

'- • SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 13th have arrived.
The Herald() announces the arrival of Count MIRA-
SOL at the Canaries, en route for the Havannab.
MADRID BOLSA. MAT 13.—Three per Cents.,
; Fives, 124. Exchange on London, 50 30.

Mr. Joseph Hume Burnley, wiio has been ad
interiio employed at Frankfort, will return to Lis former post
of attache to Jae; gajesty's Embassy at Madrid.. •

THE SUN, LONDON, MOND AY EVENING, MAY 20, 1850.

GERMANY.

The Congress of Princes at Berlin brought their
labours to a close on the 16th,
All the Governments have agreed upon the esta-
blishment of a provincial organ of the Bund. The
two Messes and the Duchy of Nassau have also
agreed to this arrangement. The States of the Bund
will send plenipotentiaries to the Congress at Frank-
fort. Some of them will be represented by Prussians,
the others by special plenipotentiaries, who will re-
ceive their instructions from the Government of the
Bund.

The lndependance of Brussels has the following
from its correspondent at Berlin, dated the 15th :
" The intelligence given in my letter of yesterday
was exact. The constitution has been adapted with
some reserves, it is true. The College of Princes is
to be immediately instituted, and on June 1 the
Provisional Government of the Union, or to speak
more correctly, the organ ad interim of the restricted
federation is to be instituted. Its duration is
axed provisionally to extend to July the 15th.
Then Frankfort will have shown what Frank-
fort will be able to produce. The Ministry of the
Union will be prolonged, or will give up to a defini-
tive Ministry. The identical note of all the Govern-
ments to that of Vienna has been sharply discussed.
M. ILassaterFauG not being able to deny what his
knowledge as a legist demonstrated to him, contested
the right of Austria to convoke the Diet, and claim
the presidentship. Nevertheless, he will not sign the
note. Ido not know whether any other Minister will
follow his example, but the majority will sign it.
The identical note for Vienna will apply to five
points-1. It will protest against the convocation of
the Diet. 2. Against the presidentship of Austria.
3. Against the preclusion (condemnation of the ab-
sent, who should see the votes applied to themselves).
4. It will demand a congress of plenipotentiaries.
5. Will bring forward the condition of unanimity.
All the decisions have been come to by a very great
majority of votes. The only ones in default are
Cassel and two or three little governments, who
march, or rather stop, with the elector."
The Prussian Moniteur of the 16th contains a re-
port from the Ministers to the KING, applying for
permission to raise a loan of eighteen millions of
thalers, as authorised by the States for the expenses
of the army. The report states, that the reason
of this application is, that although the' re-
lations-of-Prussia at present with foreign powers
lead to no apprehension of war, still it is certain
that the numerous complications of German and
foreign policy may lead to measures which may ren-
der military armaments inevitable ; the Government
think it better to be prepared for all contingencies, on
the principle that the best way to preserve peace is to
be prepared for war. In addition, should it become
necessary suddenly to increase the army, it would
then be infinitely more difficult to effect the loan in
question ; and, should peace not be troubled, the
greater part of the loan could be expended in railways,
to be reimbursed, if necessary, out of the 21,000,000
of thalers voted for that purpose.
A letter from Frankfurt of the 15th states that M.
-DE-RADOWITZ is to represent Prussia in the Congress
of States to be held in that city.
The Prussian StaatS Anzeiger publishes in extenso
the memorial laid by the Minister of Finance before
the congress of merchants and tradesmen, which is
now sitting for the purpose of drawing up the pro-
posals to be made by Prussia at the approaching
Zollverein Congress at Cassell:—
The memorial commences with an explanation of the
reasons (the political events of the last two years) which
determined the governments to postpone the usual
triennial congress, and to continue in force the old
tariff. The necessity of certain reforms in that tariff
had recently become so urgent that notwithstand-
ing any objections arising out of the political:-con-
dition of Germany, the Government, feeling it its
duty no longer to delay, had proposed to the Govern-
ments of the Zollverein to convoke tie twice postponed
Congress at Cassell, in the coming month of July; and,
at the same time, had hastened to prepare those propo-
sals which the nature of the case required. In drawing
up these proposals the Prussian Government had well
weighed the position hitherto occupied by Prussia in
the tariff questions, as well as the present condition of
affairs; it had never considered the tariff to be a finally
settled system which was not to be touched, nor had it
listened to any proposals which did not meet the prac-
tical wants of the people. The latter point of view re-
quired more than over not to be lost sight of. The
objections which were raised in the past year against a
revision of the tariff had not been entirely removed; not
the least among them was the apprehension that im-
portant alterations in the Zollverein tariff would render
difficult the commercial union of Germany. The ur-
gency of the case, however, required that this objection
should not lead the Governments of the Zollverein to
refrain from making the necessary alterations, but only
to receive and judge with caution proposals recom-
...mended by-many, but of a less urgent nature. The,
Government of Prussia returned to the proposals made.
in 1848 for a moderation of the duties on raw materials
and articles of food with some slight alterations and
additions, and though.its loss would be great in con-
sequence, it also proposed great reductions in the na-
vigation dues on the Rhine, Mosel, Weser, and Elbe
rivers, as well as on several articles of exportation.
The introductory portion of the memorial concludes
with the mention of the last series' of proposals recom-
mended. They are for a large increase in the duties
on cotton and other yarns. The memorial is then di-
vided into several sections. Section 1 contains the de-
tails of the proposals with respect to the duties on ar-
ticles of food. Until the year 1828 the scale of duties
was an assorted one. In the beginning of that year a
duty of 5 silbergroschen the scheffel (5f ,scheffels, or 1
bushel), was imposed on all kinds of grain and fruits.
An exception was made in favour of grain imported
through the Weichsel or Niemen; rye, barley,
and oats paid only i; wheat and all other
kinds of grain and fruits paid 2 silbergros-
chen. This scale the memorial proposes to extend
throughout the whole of the Zollverein. The duty on
butter is proposed to be reduced from 3 thalers 20 sil-
bergroschen per cent. to 2 thalers. Rice in the husk
and cleaned has hitherto paid the same duty, 2 thalers
per cent. To enable capitalists to erect mills for remov-
ing the husk, it is proposed to reduce the duty on rice in
the husk to 20 silbergroschen, and on the other only to
1 thaler 20 ailbergrosehen. Since the establishment of
the - Zollverein, the duties on cattle have undergone
five different alterations, in 1821, 23, 24, 27, and 31, the
nature of the alteration being in every case an
increase, so that from 20 silbergroschen per ox in 1818,
the duty in 1831 had risen to 5 thalers, The memorial
proposes a reduction of the duty on oxen from 5 thalers
to 2 thalers 16 silbergroschen, on cows from 3 thalers to
1 thaler 15 silbergroschen, on young cattle from 2
thalers to 1 thaler, on calves from 5 silbergroschen to
2i silbergroschen, and on pigs from 20 silbergros-
chen to, 71 silbergroschen. The :memorial motives
this reduction as advantageous to Prussia, from the
possibility of its competing with Holstein, Meck-
lenburg, Hanover, and Belgium, in the supply of the
English markets. Section 2 deals with raw materials.
It commences by stating that until 1842 the manufac-
turersin the Zollverein were more advantageously placed
in respect to raw materials, but that the abolition since
then of all duties on raw materials imported into Eng-
land had altered the relations; but, though small in the
Zollverein, the duties prevented an advantageous corn-
petition with Great Britain. The Prussian Government
had on a former occasion (in 1846) promised a reduc-
tionin some of the chief articles of raw material, and it
now proposed to remove them all entirely, retaining,
however, a small export duty on raw materials of home
manufacture, such as different kinds of gams, coloured
woods, saltpetre, moss, tow, vegetable oils, and goats'
hair. The three exceptions to the general abolition of
the duties are tallow, zinc, and potash; on the first the
reduction proposed is from 3 to 2 thalers, and on zinc
from 2to 1 thaler. Potash is not included in the pro-
posal, because it is made in the Zollverein. Section 3
deals with manufactured articles, and is divided into five
heads:-1. Linen yarns and linen articles. The memo-
rial states that the attention of the Government had for
some time past been drawn to the gradual diminution of
the exports of national linen articles vi ith the poverty
and want of the portion of the population occupied with
this manufacture. The result of the inquiries which
had been instituted proved that through all its stages the
manufacture of linen in the states of the Zollverein had
remained far behind the progress which this branch of
industry had made in Great Britain. The chief cause
of the progress of Great Britain was unanimously con-
sidered to be its spinning machinery. The Government
of Prussia had already called attention to certain neces-
sary measures for improving this branch of national in-
dustry,such as the better cultivation of flax, improved
systems of spinning, weaving, bleaching; all these,
however, it considered utterly useless, unless energetic
steps were taken to promote spinning by machinery. To
promote this object, the Government had in 1845 pro-
posed an increase in the Zollverein tariff of the duty on
linen yarns spun by machinery from 2 to 4 thalers per
cwt., and & premium in the shape of a drawback of 3
thalers per. cwt. on the exportation of home produce.
The proposal, however, was not. carried, and in conse-
quence the increase of spindles in Westphalia and
Silesia was since 1846 only 1,368. In Silesia the num-
ber 'in 1846 was 43,138, in Westphalia 1,825; together
.44,963. The numbers now were, in Silesia 44,050, and
Westphalia 2,281; together 46,331. While the con-
sumption of linen goods in Westphalia alone would re-
quire 90,000 spindles to be in endless operation. The
Prussian Government, therefore, propose to increase the
duties in the following manner:—
a. Linen 'yarns :-1. Raw unbleached, from 2 to 4
thalers per cwt. 2. Bleached or coloured, from 4to 6
thalerS per own.
b. Packing and sailclothe (the duty remains the same).
c. Unbleached linen cloths, drills,,and twills, from 4
to 6 thalers per cwt.
d. BleaChed, coloured, printed, &c., linen stuffs of all
kinds, from 20 and 30 thalers to 25 thalers per cwt.
e. Baptiste, gauze, lace; Ste., from 30 and 60 thalers to
75 thalers per cwt.
The four categories in which the latter articles are
included are thus proposed to be reduced to two. 2.
Cotton yarns and cotton stuffs. The average quantity
of cotton yarns received in the Zollverein in the six
years, 1837-42, was 515,063 cwt.; in the following six
years the average was
.653,121 cwt. The amount pro-
duced by the national manufacturers was in the first
period 28 per cent., and in the second, 32 per cent.
Until the end of 1842, the duty on cotton yarns was 2
thalers per cwt. On the Ist January, 1843, it was in-
creased to 3 thalers. Notwithstanding the increase, the
manufacturers continued unable to compete with the
British manufacturer, as the increase in the amount
Produced by the fornig is hot. proportionsteleTeri to the

increase of the population. The memorial then dwells
upon the weak condition of each branch of the cotton
manufacture, and proposes the following alteration in
the duties. A reduction in the import duty on wadding
from three to two thalers; increase in the duty on cot-
ton yarns, mixed or unmixed, viz.: on unbleached Nos.
1 and 2, from three to four thalers, ditto higher num-
bers and bleached from eight to ten thalers: the duty
on coloured printed threads to remain the same, but the
duties on cotton net, muslin, lace, gauze, &e., to be In-
creased from 50 to 75 thalers. 3. The duties on silk
are proposed to be increased on raw silk from 15 sil-
bergros to 3 thalers; on white and coloured silk, from 8
to 10 thalers;' on sewing silk, button-hole silk, silk
tassels, from 11 to 16 thalers; on silk articles of appa-
rel, lace, furniture &c., from 110 to 150; on silk shawls,
from 55 and 50 to 100 thalers; on silks mixed with
wool, from 55 to 75 thalers. 4. Woollen yarns and
stuffs:—The duties on these articles are proposed to be
retained as they are, with the exception of an increase
on ready-made cloths from 110 to 150 thalers. 5. This
part of the third section of the report relates to the
drawback duties or premiums on the exportation of
national manufactures. The articles are linen, cotton,

silk, and wool; the memorial dues not, however, contain
any fixed proposal of the amount to be allowed, but the
conference or congress to decide the respective amounts.
In the sitting of the Congress on Saturday, the
proposals included in the preceding memorial were
discussed seriatim, and approved of by the majority,
down to the duty on zinc. At this stage of the pro-
ceedings the Congress adjourned.