The Sun.
London, England, 1868-04-30 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 1868.

So great and so general is the interest felt in all
that concerns our distinguished African explorer
that it is no wonder the intimation that letters from
Dr. LIVINGSTONE himself were to be read at the
meeting of the Geographical Society on Monday
should have crowded the hall of Burlington House.
A few months back and the prophecy that sue%
would havo been the case would have been received
with incredulity ; but although the despondency
and alarm which then chequered all our feelings
with respect to Dr. LIVINGSTONE'S expedition
has happily been removed, the interest in his
proceedings has been, if possible, heightened
by it. Sir RODERICK MURCHISON, who presided
over the meeting, must have especially rejoiced on
the auspicious occasion. He has throughout kept
up his hopes for the safety of his old friend and
associate, but the certainty that he is alive and
prospering in his toilsome and dangerous expedition
is far more satisfactory than the best-founded
belief. In opening the proceedings, Sir R. Mutt
CHISON congratulated the society on the success of
the Abyssinian expedition, as well as on the safety
of Dr. LIVINGSTONE, and he expressed an earnest
hope that the illustrious traveller would soon
bring his illustrious labours to a happy end.
The Secretary then proceeded to read a letter from
Dr. LIVINGSTONE, dated Bemba, February 2, 1867.
It bad been sent by a party of black Arab slave
traders from Bagamayo, near Zanzibar, who had
penetrated for the first time to Zemba, coming by
A shorter way than the Europeans. These traders at
first refused to stay more than half a day, and con-
sequently Dr. LIVINGSTONE was compelled to hurry
over his despatch to Lord CLARENDON, but he sub-
sequently persuaded them to wait an hour or two
more, which has enabled him to give a somewhat
fuller account of his proceedings. He could not,
he says, have gone round the northern end of Lake
Nyassa, because the Johanna men would have fled
at the first sight of danger, as in fact they did fly
on hearing a report of the acts of the Mazitu at the
southern extremity. Had he got them past the lake
he believes they might have been faithful to him,
but he did not much deplore their loss, as they
were inveterate thieves. Of course he was un-
aware of the consternation the wretched MOOSA
and his crew had occasioned among his friends, and
indeed throughout all England, by their fabrica-
tions. We find by letters of a later date from Dr.
KIRK that the Sultan of Johanna has been ad-
dressedtlia
t ty
herespecting the conduct of these men, and
will probably be punished for it. The
intense fear of the tribes of one another has been
one of Dr. LiviNGSTONE'S chief difficulties
throughout. Thus, when he left the shores of the
lake he endeavoured to ascend Kirk's Range,
but the people below wore so much afraid
of those above that it was a long while
before he could get his loads carried up. Another
obstacle is the fear of all connected with the slave
trade for the name of anything English. Dr.
LIVINGSTONE intended to cross at the middle of
the lake, but all the Arabs at the crossing station
fled as soon as they heard that the English were

coming, and the owners of two dhows on the lake

kept them out of sight for fear they should be burnt
as slavers. We have to thank this fear for some of
the delay in hearing from the travellers. He had
written some letters in hopes of meeting with an
Arab slave trader, but they all" skedaddled" as
soon as they heard that the English were coining.
We get this letter at last through a party of slave
traders whom LIVINGSTONE had perhaps encoun-
tered accidentally.

Dr. LIVINGSTONE gives an interesting account of
his adventures, and adds some information re-
specting the people, which shows they are not all
so degraded and ignorant as was believed. Some
of their towns are of considerable eaten;:--the town

of Mataka, about 50 miles from Lake Nyassa,
containing 1,000 houses. Mataka, the chief after
whom it is called, is the most powerful chief in
the country, and evidently a man of some intelli-
gence and character. He wished to be shown how
to make use of his cattle in agriculture, and was
anxious that :some of the freed African boys
who followed Dr. LIVINGSTONE, and who had been
educated at a school in Bombay, should remain with
him, but they would not do so. Dr. LIVINGSTONE
promised to get for him some other boys
acquainted with Indian agriculture; some of MA-
TAKA's people having, without his knowledge, com-
mitted some acts of plunder, he ordered the captives
and cattle to be sent back. I his was done before
LIVINGSTONE'S arrival, and was his own independent
act. The expedition having accidentally fallen in
with the strangers, Dr. LIVINGSTONE heard of the
affair, and MATAKA was mush pleased at his
approval and the present he gave the chitf as a
token of it. Dr. LIVINGSTONE remained in this part
from the middle of July till the end of September,
and thinks it the best point he has seen for an
influential station. This is highly satisfactory,
since the characterof MATAKA will be a great assist-
ance in establishing communications with it.
Further to the north-west the travellers found a
very hospitable people, though there are many vari-
ous tribes, and the Mazitu enjoy an unenviable re-
putation. It was the fear of the Mazitu that made
the Johanna men take to flight. After crossing the
Soangwa river, and emerging from the valley, the
party ascended the plateau of Lobisa. The hills in
one part rise 6,600 feet above the sea,
and in these highlands no grass is to be
found. The people are poor and wretched'
having been decimated by the slave trade, and here
the party suffered actual hunger, having to live
chiefly on an indifferent kind of mushroom. Down
on the banks of the Chambeze they came again to
animal life and fared better. Dr. LIVINGSTONE has
happily retained his health, but unfortunately the
party have lost all their medicine.
The news in this letter is not the latest we re-
ceive from the travellers, since Dr. KIRK, writing
from Zanzibar, on the Ist of March, reports that
LivixGsTon bad been at Ujiji in the middle of last
October, where he would meet the agent in charge of
stores and letters. Dr. KIRK had sent Sir SAMUEL.
BIKER'S map, with an account of all he had ex-
plored, for Dr. LIVINGSTONE left England before
Sir S. BAKER'S return. No doubt this information
will afford valuable assistance to the enterprising
and indefatigable traveller, whom we may hope to
welcome home to his own country crowned with
still greater laurels than he has yet won.

The Customs Parliament in Prussia seems to have
been very busy in arranging various matters, and
some decisive progress has been made. The Navi-
gation Treaty between the Zollverein and Spain
was laid before the House, and also the Commercial
Treaty between the Zollverein and Austria, toge-
ther with the drafts of bills affecting modifications.
It is stated by a semi-official organ that in conse-
quence of the refusal of the North German Parlia-
ment to pass the bill treating of the public debt of
the Confederation, it will be necessary to reduce
by three million thalers the naval estimates. The
result will be very mortifying to the vanity of the
Prussian Ministry, and it certainly interposes a check
upon their grand scheme of constructing a navy. The
failure, for the present, at any rate, is most com-
plete, and the more we dwell upon the several de-
tails of the matter, the more we can realise its force.
The immediate discharge of one thousand sailors
and marines will be rendered necessary in the first
place, and also the disarmament of seven more ves-
sels that were to have been employed in cruising in
the East Asiatic waters in the North Sea, for the
reTcahleoffailtuhree
eofm.vtelitetebAillow,ialsltlaikfersioim
the Bay of Mexico, and cause these
purpose of guarding the Elbe, and also to relieve
iontvhoerlvveestsheles.
" ' entire stop-
page" of the harbour works of Kiel,which
significant thing. The works in
must be indefinitely postponed, or at least for a
considerable period, and no means will be left in
the hands of Government for building ships. What
with one thing and another Count
BISMARCK has
not been fortunate of late, and his
disappointments
have been for the most
part sudden and unex-

petted. This last affair is a serious thing in all re-
spects, for it directly militates against the favourite
project of the Berlin Government.
There is no occasion for Prussia to become a
naval power, and therefore no actual blame
attaches itself to the North German Parliament
for the course they have taken, but at the
same time one cannot help thinking of the
bitterness of feeling it must have caused in certain
quarters. For many reasons the North-German
Parliament may be congratulated upon having
shown proper spirit, and they have shown that they
intend to judge for themselves, and not to be dic-
tated to. So far Count BISMARCK and his friend
have been caught in a trap for a time. We heard
of nothing but the great benefits that were sure to
ensue from the establishment of this Parliament,
and yet some of its first decisive steps have been
to invalidate the policy of its promoters. It is diffi-
cult to say what next will be resolved upon
by the Prussian Minister, for he is always
and can generally hit upon
very ready in reserve,
some expedient or other [when affairs look
the blackest ; but, be his future course what it may,
the present discomfiture is certain and completr.
It is folly to attempt too much, and in the instance
of Prussian success has been as trying to her states-
men as misfortune and defeat have been to other
politicians in different countries. The harbour and
works of Kiel have been a project so near the hearts
of the Prussian authorities that it seems scarcely
probable that they will reconcile themselves with-
out an effort to their cessation. Were there any
real reason to give for all this anxiety to set up a
navy on a large scale we could afford to be sorry
for the discomfiture that has befallen them, on na-
tional grounds, but as it is it is
but the

vain endeavour to appear
something that nature has not intended
them to be that has met with a check, and hence
curiosity may employ itself in wondering what will
be done. The best advice that can be given to the
Berlin Government is to counsel them to give up
their idle projects, and expend the time and money
thereby saved in developing resources that are
natural to the country. It is doubtful if disap-
pointed ambition and vain desires will conform to
such wise but unpalateable projects, and it will be
no real nage cause of wonderment if we find that
the wily Count at the head of affairs has devised
some ingenious scheme for gaining his end, and
outwitting the Parliament, if he does not defy them
openly.

The Lea River Conservancy 13 a subject of great
interest to the public, and all that relates to it is
sure to be regarded with attention. The Select
Committee, to which the bill to " make better pro-
vision for the preservation and improvement of the
River Lea and its tributaries" was referred, has
been holding its sittings for some days past. The
purpose of this bill is of a comprehensive character.
It is promoted by the Board of Works, and is also
n accordam;e with the Royal Commissioners of