The Sun.
London, England, 1868-06-22 00:00:00

RAILWAY _INTELLIGENCE.

The tariff rates for Western bound freight from
New York were reduced 10 per cent. on Wednes-
thy, by mutual consent of the railroad lines.
Eight postal cars are to be placed on the Hudson
River Railroad on July Ist. These cars are also to
be put on the road between New York and Boston,
via Springfield to Albany.
A patent for an invention by which passenger
cars may be heated by steam taken from the engine
boiler of the train has been applied for.
A Pennsylvania inventor has prepared a model of
an iron railway passenger car, one-eighth of an inch
in thickness, cylindrical in shape, strengthened by
iron ribs of V form completely padded inside with
at least four inches of padding, amply lighted and
ventilated, heated by warm air furnaces under the
car (and outside), and protected, in case of collision,
by compressible platforms that will " give" freely
when knocked together. He claims that in case of
accidents like that on the Erie road his car would
not splinter, crush, or burn.
The New York and New Haven Railroad will
soon make a stock dividend of 50 per cent., under
the recent act of the Connecticut Legislature, and
call iu $5O per share on the new stock.
The Union Pacific Railroad locomotive " 100,"
built at Providence, Rhode Island, weighs 72,500
pounds, and will draw 100 heavily laden cars. It is
now being tested on the Providence and Worcester
road.

The Vermont Central is to run refrigerator cars
between Rouse's Point and Boston, for the preser-
vation of butter, cheese, and other perishable pro-
perty. A man will be in constant attendance.
Theftcity of Boston has passed the order for
widening Tremont-street, between Boylston and
the Boston and Albany Railroad bridge, by taking
land at a cost of $500,000. The money is to be
borrowed.
The directors of the Boston and Albany Railroad
have fixed the annual salaries of the principal
officers as follows :—President, $lO,OOO ; Vice-Pre-
sident, $5,000 ; Superintendent, $5,000 ; Assistant
Superintendent, $5,000 ; Attorney, $5,000 ; Trea-
surer, pp() ; two Assistant Treasurers, $1,200
each ; Clerk of the Board of Directors, $2,700.
It is understood that the conference between the
leading managers of the Pennsylvania Central and
the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Railroad
Companies has resulted in an arrangement to con-
solidate the two roads. The contract is in prepara-
tion, and in the natural course of events will be
signed by both parties by the middle of the present
month.
The thirty-third annual report of the directors of
the Nashua and Lowell Railroad Company shows
the corporation to be in a highly flourishing condi-
tion. Two dividends-5 per cent. each—have been
paid during the last year, amounting to $72,000,
and $11,130 98 have been carried to the contingent
fund.
On one of th 3 New Jersey railroads checks may
now be obtained beforehand for seats in a train by
sending to the station to engage them.
The trains on the Fell Railway over Mont Cenis
are now running regularly. Galignani says that on
Monday last four trains crossed the Alps, contain.
ing forty-six passengers and the mails. The journey
took place each time in five hours, and with com-
plete success.

Ilorniman's Pure Teas are Bd. per pound cheaper. Their
2 500 agents—confectioners in London, and chemists in
the country—are constantly receiving fresh supplies of
the tong-axproccd (Ns, Sold only in pacts.

Jam es Buchanan died ou the Ist inst. at Lan-
caster, Pennsylvania, after a protracted and almost
hopeles s illness. His father was an Irishman and
his mother a native of Pennsylvania, James also be-
ing born in that State on the 211 April, 1791. Ile
graduated at Dickson C 'liege in 1809, and was
admitted to the bar in 1812, attracting attention as
a law. -er in an Impeachment case, wherein he sue-
cessful:y defended, before the Pennsylvania Legisla-
ture, a judge whose conduct was impugetd. At
the time be was a member of the State Legislature,
haring feet_: elected in the previous year. In 18-)e
he was e ios sn for a scat in the United States House
of RePresen•mtives, where he took a leading place,
being a brilliant speaker as well as a good lawyer.
le 1828 he was one of the Managers in the Ine -
peachment of Judge Reck, who was acquitted by
the Senate. For two years, from 1831-33, he
was absent at St. Petersburg as American Minister,
but then returning he was- elected to the United
States Senate. Afterwards he supported President
Jackson, then assailed by very powerful parties, at
the head of whom was Mr. Clay. He retained his
seat in the Sesate until 1841, when President
Polk made him Secretary of State, and he was in-
strumental in bringing to a successful settlement
the Oregon Boundary question and defending the
Mexican War. In 1819 he retired with Mr. Polk,
and during the Presidency of Taylor he was not
employed. _But in 1853, on the succession of Pfbrce,
he was appointed Minister to England. lie bad
always taken a decided stand on the slavery ques-
tion, and he denounced the anti-slavery agitation
which he foresaw would lead to a civil aver, giving
all the force of his intellect to render permanent the
institution, honestly believing it to be beneficial to
the negro. He supported the annexation of Texas,
and is not remembered with gratitude by "bleed-
ing" Kansas for the part he took in stimulating the
events which bestowed on that State the epithet.
While Minister to St. James's he took part in the
conference of American Ministers at Aix-la-Cha-
pelle, and drew up the Ostend Manifesto. At the
time great excitement existed in the Southern
States, which earnestly desired the annexation of
Cuba, for which it was proposed to offer to Spain
5100,000,000. He returned from England to the
United States in 1856 to be elected President, and
he entered on his office 4th March, 1857, to wreck
a reputation which at that time stood high. The
policy pursued by himself and others interested in
carrying out Southern ideas had led to the posi-
tion which preceded the war, and when he as-
sumed, the Presidency he found himself between
factions which at the time were splitting the nation
almost into two geographical sections. His last
act was to support the Southern Democrats who
had nominated Mr. Breckenridge, then Vice-Presi-
dent, against Mr. Douglas, thus dividing the party
vote, the result being that the Republicans elected
their candidate, Mr. Lincoln, and gave the death-
blow to the interests Mr. Buchanan had spent his
life in building up. During his long career he
showed no signs of the vacillation and weakness
marking the close of his Presidency, which in the
eyes of many have covered him with contempt. No
statesman could have been more bold in dealing
with England as in the Oregon boundary question ;
with France in resisting the indemnity clauses ;
with Spain in the threat to seize Cuba in the event
of slave insurrections in the island; with Mexico in
defending the war and urging the annexation of
Texas ; with the New England party in dealing
with Kansas and other territories regarding the
Slave Question—on all these Mr. Buchanan was
daring, where it would better have become him to be
cautious ; but in the crisis of his life, in the crisis of a
great national event, at the moment when everything
hinged on his decision and courage, he sank into a
mere imbecile, and drifted about as a wretched tool
which the men who used flung aside with contempt.
He had-none of the lofty courage and singleness of
ti is s 1-'"‘-• '' ''''''. •lia tin au ish ei his i rionerneete eueee-
BOT, and enabled him in some measure to repair the
fearful catastrophe which overtook the nation partly
in consequence of Mr. Buchanan's weakness. At
the time, and for years after, he was bitterly up-
braided, and many honest men really believed he
had sold the country; but in 1866 he published a
book in vindication of his policy, which in truth can
never be vindicated, though the nation may forgive
and perhaps hereafter excuse it. At the time he
was 70 years of age, and he may have been too old
for the vigour and "pluck" demanded by the occa-
sion. He was surrounded by Southerners ; Jeffer-
son Davis having a seat in his Cabinet, and he was
furiously attacked by the most advanced Anti-
Slavery men then rising into importance. Between
the extremists "he came to grief," his Southern
friends and supporters appropriating, indeed abso-
lutely stealing, Uncle Sam's resources for the rebel-
lion they contemplated against Uncle Sam himself.
Many accused Mr. Buchanan of being privy to these
transactions, and had he not culpably permitted
them to be carried into effect, instead of vigorously
performing his sacred duty, his friends might have
escaped the doom into which they so blindly rushed.
He had been all his life threatening war and getting
up sensations, but in the face of the greatest sensa-
tion, and at the moment when the smallest warlike
vigour might have averted a stupendous conflict, he
showed himself to be the most timid of men. He
left Washington predicting that he was the last
President of the United States, and was afterwards
only heard of in connection with the strongest terms
of abuse. He left a frightful legacy, and for many
years he was considered to have been instrumental
in preparing it. James Buchanan was simple in
his tastes, though well bred in manner. As a neigh-
bour lie was greatly beloved, being a benefactor to
all around ; as an orator he held a high rank, and
was skilful in debate. The President has ordered
the Government offices to be closed and draped
with mourning on the day of his funeral, and as a
mark of respect for his eminent station the House
of Representatives has passed a resolution appoint-
ing a committee of six to attend. What the HMSO
thinks of him, however, was shown in tabling by
73 to 47 votes a eulogium ascribing to him private
virtues and patriotic motives, though we honestly
believe he possessed those virtues, and that he was
influenced by those motives.
The funeral took place at Lancaster, Pennsyl-
vania, on Thursday, 4th inst., extending over a dis-
tance of a mile and a. half, about 3,000 persons
being in the procession. The Masons assisted, and
there were delegations from most of the great
cities of the Union, and clergymen of all denomi-
nations. The service was conducted by the Rev.
Dr. Nevin. The remains were deposited in the
Woodward Hill Cemetery, where a single substan-
tial-oblong tomb of white marble bad been erected
at his request, bearing the following inscription,
given to a friend by him, to whom he said, with a
smile, and his finger on the blank, " Of course, you
will fill in the date, which cannot be far distant" :--
" Here rest the remains of James Buchanan, 15th
President of the United States. Born in Franklin
county, Pa., April 23d, 1791 ; died at his residence
at Wheatland, Lancaster county, Pa., June Ist,
1868." his will was opened on Saturday, J tine
6, and his estate is estimated at poomo, out
of which he is believed to bare • left a legacy
to his poor neighbours. He died of pleuro-pneu-
monia, surrounded by such of his relatives and
friends as could be summoned, as the disease
had taken a sudden and unexpected change
for the worse. On Monday morning he prayed
and took the Sacrament, and one of his last re-
quests was that ex-Presidents Pierce and Fillmore
and President Johnson be invited to attend his
funeral. Almost his last words were " God bless
my country," repeated several times in a whisper,
and the last he uttered were, " 0 Lord, Almighty,
a 3 Thou Wilt." He never married, remaining
faithful to his first love, by whom he was cruelly
jilted, and she lived to see Buchanan among the
Greatest men of the age, and bitterly to regret her
conduct.—Angio-American Mmes,

portanco to that of May, 1866, is not to be concealed. We
are threatened with insufficient supplies of food for man and
beast. We say threatened, because recent experiments with
electricity go to show that vegetation may be sustained by that
agency alone; and, moreover, there is the theory of electrical,
diffusion with rank vegetation, within the tropics, and of meg,
netic contraction, with little or no vegetation at the poles.
According to the electrical theory, nothing that has yet
happened from the drought is irremediable; while
the ignoring of that theory leaves us the alterna-
tive of the alarmists. The reactionista in grain
prices, the Bulls of Mark-lane, foresee no end of trouble,
and talk widely of wheat getting into ear in an unsatisfactory
state, of beans coming into full flower at 20 inches height,
and of clods as bard as burned brick. Nay more, the
alarmists speak of the drying off of wheat straw before the
ears are well filled ; their hypothesis being that after the
demise of the straw rain becomes as inoperaive for the
expansion of the cars as for the lengthening or the heighten-
ing of a brick wall. Tho hypothesis is plausible ;
but unless plausibility is to rank with moral certainty and
demonstration, it cannot be convincing to well-
ordered minds. At present the soil, like our bodies, is
in a negatively electrical condition, inert, as wo our-
selves are dull and lazy; but let the thunder-storm come,
and immediately our vigour will be regained, and vegeta-
tion, as regards the wheat and barley fields, may perfect
that which was so well begun. No doubt were thunderstorm
to he long deferred, recovery may soon exceed the power
of moderate rain ; unless we are to accept the theory that
by rain, without thunder, the positively electrical condition
of the soil may be restored. In some of the rural churches
prayer has been offered for rain. We trust it may soon fall
with some abundance; but meanwhile there is no justifica-
tion for alarm. Only three weeks ago the fairest harvest
prospects ever known were recognised; we were to receive
bountifully, and in so doing were to be enabled to recover
from the depression that has long possessed every branch
of industry. Let us still be hopeful.-7he Bulhoni,st.

THE BOMBAY MAIL.

--+ .

The Times of India of May 26 gives the following iteni
of India news :

The fracture of the cable of the Indo-European Tele.
graph, between Mussendon and Guadur, has been repaired,
and the communication is now perfect. The date of the
latest public telegram received in Bombay from Great
Britain is the 21A of May. Private telegrams up to the
22nd have been received.

Calcutta and Madras hare adopted addresses of condo.
knee with her Majesty on the attempt on the life of the
Duke of Edinburgh.

Cattle plague of a most virulent and deadly form hag
broken out in the district surrounding Calcutta.

that -Colonel Mead, C.S.L, will be ap-
pointed tt.3 Resident at llydranatt.
It is expected that the ingniry into the affairs of tho
Old Bank of Bombay will commeuce on the Ist June.

Mr. Hamilton Maxwell, of the firm of Nicol and Co.,
has been appointed a director of the Bank of Bombay.

A memorial to the Supreme Government and tho
Secretary of State is being signed by the shareholders in
the Bank of Bombay, protesting against the Bank of
Bengal being allowed to maintain a separate agency in
this city.

A national testimonial of $31,000 has just been
presented to Mr. William Lloyd Garrison.

Addresses of sympathy have been voted at Cal*
cutta and Madras to the Queen on account of the attempted
assassination of the Duke of Edinburgh.

On Saturday, William Sadler, aged 12 years,
slipped from a timber raft near Southwark Bridge and
was drowned. This makes the third child of the same
family that has lost its life in the same way.

Mr. Charles Dickens has very kindly given 1,700
dols. to the Perkin (United States) Institution for tho Blind.
The money is to be laid out for the product'on of 250 copies
of the Old Curiosity Shop, printed in raised letters for tho
use of the blind.

The Ordnance Select Committee have maie their
report on "coiled" wrought iron inner tubes for guns, which
has just been issued. The committee recommend en ex-
tensive conversion of our present cast iron smooth-bored
guns into rillod guns, with linings of coiled iron, for secon-
dary purposes of defence.

A few nights since a painter, named Francis
Kelly, residing in Netherfield-road, North Everton, a
suburb of Liverpool, ran into a butcher's shop, and, seizing
a knife off a block, plunged it twice into his left breast,
and then ran down the street. He was with some difficulty
conveyed to the Great Northern Hospital, where he died
from the self-inflicted wounds.

The Duke of Edinburgh (amongst other noble gifts
made by him ou the eve of his departure from Australia)
presOnted a splendid gold watch and chain to Mr. William
Vial, wh) had the courage and good fortune to bo the first
to seize on O'Farrell, the assassin. A public testimonial
was als )to be presented to Mr. Vial. Tho Duke had shown
him much attention, and had him at dinner on board the
Galatea.

Is IT LAWFUL TO PLAY CRICKET ON A SIINDAY?-
In lus recently-published work upon " Saints and Sinners,"
Dr. Doran states that " at the present time cricket is the
only game which can lawfully be played in England on a
Sunday." Either Dr. Doran or the Leominster magis-
trates must be in error, for the latter have just fined four
boys a shilling each and costs, with the alternative of
seven days' imprisonment, for playing at cricket on Sun-
day week.

A meeting of the inhabitants of Liverpool "in
favour of the continued connection of the United Church
of England and Ireland with the State," was held on
Saturday afternoon. The meeting was very crowded, and
Mr. Horsfall, M.P.,
Mr. Turner, M.P., and Mr. Graves,
M.P., with the other prominent members of the party,
were, on appearing upon the platform, received with voci-
ferous cheers. Resolutions favourable to the object for
which the meeting was called were adopted.
AN OX ATTACKED WITH HYDROPHOBIA.—An
ox was attacked a few days back with hydrophobia at
Ostabut-Aszne (Basses-Pyrenees), and spread alarm
throughout the neighbourhood. The first symptoms were
observed while the animal was in a field, but it was got
into a shed, the door 3 of which were stoutly barricaded.
It broke everything inside, but was at length shot dead
through a window. The owner of the beast does not
know whether it had been bitten by a mad dog, or whether
the disease was spontaneous.

In committee on the Regulation of Railways Bill,
Mr. Leeman will move that companies sl.all not, except in
cases of special insurance with them, be liable to pay more
than £4OO for a first-class passenger; £3OO for a second;
and £2OO for a third ; any sum so payable is to be
in addition to the claim made under an assurance. The
insurance clause which Mr. Leeman proposes to insert pro-
vides that any passenger may demand to be insured by the
company at whose office he is booked, the maximum amount
of insurance being £3,000 for a first-class passenger, £2,000
for a second, and £l,OOO for a third, the premiums for the
same being is., 9d., and 6d. respectively. The, compeu•
sation for injuries is to ba proportionate %o the inktrz
-•
, sustained.

ALL A.GHAN'S DERBY RACE GLASSES,
Csos. each, with sling case. N.B. VOIGTLANDER'S
GLASSES are now to be had ry reduced prices.
CALLAGHAN, 23A, New Bond-street,
Corner of Conduit-street, W.

COUNTER
VICTU CLOTHS FOR LICENCED
ALLERS.

MITE only article really suitable for that purpose,
ss. 6d. per dozen, hemmed, ready for use. Address
103, Fleet-street, and 5, The Pavement, Clapham.

I;LASS CLOTHS SUITABLE FOR LICENCED
VICTUALLERS, 7s. 9d. PER DOZEN.
NATILLIAAI HOLDICH and CO., No. 105,
V Fleet-street, foot of Ludgate hill ; and No. 5,
The Pavement, Claphana-common.

11ABLE CLOTHS, in every Width and Length,
JL expressly for Licenced Victuallers. Damask Napkins
for Tray Cloths, Drills for Bar Aprons and Towel Hugs of
every description. Patterns gratis and post free.

CpARDIGAN JACKETS made expressly for Bar
-
use, Warm and Elastic, from ss. 6d. each, for
Ladies' and Gentlemen's use. WILLIAM lIOLDICII
and Co., LICENSED VICTUALLERS' DRAPERS, 105, Fleet-
street, City, and No. 5, The Pavement, Clapham-common.

IVILLIAM HOLDICII and Co., LICENSED
VICTUALLERS' DRAPERS, EStabliSbed. 1812, at 105,
Fleet-street, City; Southern Branch—No. 5, The Pave-
ment, Clapham-common. Patterns gratis and post free,
with Price List.

TO LICENCED VICTUALLERS.
ESTABLISHED 1842.
WILLIANI lIOLDICII and CO.,
LICENCED VICTUALLERS' DRAPERS, No.
105, Fleet-street, corner of Farringdon-street ; and at No.
5, The Pavement, Clapham-common (Southern Branch).

HER MAJESTY'S OPERA.
(THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE).
Mdlle. Christine Nilsson.
TO-MORROW EVENING (TUESDAY), June 23 (last timo
but one). Donizetti's Opera,
LUCIA DI LAM3IERMOOR.
• Edgardo, Signor Mongini; Enrico Aston, Mr. Santley; Rai-
CL Signor Foli ; Arturo, Corsi; a Normann'o, Signor
sabont; Mao. Corsi; and Lucia, Mdlle. Christine
Nilsson,

Conductor—Signor Arditl.
Doors open at Eight o'clock. Commence at half-past Eight.
St&lls, One Guinea; amphitheatre Stalls, 7s, and 55.; Reserved
Box Seats, lOs. 6d; Gallery, 2s. 6d.
B)xes, stalls. and places may he obtained at the new Box-
office of Her Majesty's Theatre, under the Colonnade (second
do)r fr)m Pall-mall), open daily from 10 till .5, under the super-
intendence of Mr Nugent; also at the Box-office, Theatre Royal,
Drury-lane (under the portico in Brydges-street), open from 10
till 8. Tickets also at all Librarians' and Music-sellers'.

I.XORNING- PERFORMANCE.
Titiens—Nilsson—Kellogg.
WEDNESDAY t EST, June 24th. Mozart's Opera,
LE NOZZE DI FIGARO.
Il Conte d'Almaviva, Mr. Santley; Figaro, Signor Classier;
Dottore Bartolo, Signor Sealese; Basilio, Mr. Lyall ; Don Curzio,
Signor Agretti; Antonio, Signor Zoboli; Marcellina, Mdlle. Ccrsi ;
Cherubino, Mdlle. Christine Nilsson; Susanna, Mdlle. Clara
Louise Kellogg ; and La Contessa, 3ldlle. Titiens.
Doors open at half-past Ono. Commence at Two o'clock pro-
eisely.
Boxes, Stalls, and Places at the Box-offices of Her Majesty's
Opera ; also at all Librarians' and Music-sellers'.
EEP, MAJESTY'S OPERA.

'FHEATRE ROYAL, H A YMARKET.
Sole Lessee, Mr. Bneltstone.

THIS EVENING, THE LADIES' CHAMPION. Mr. Ken
dal, Mr. W. Gordon, Miss lone Burke, and Miss F. Wright.
To be followed by A HERO OF ROMANCE. Characters
by Mar;srs. Sothern, Buckstoue, Compton, Chippendale, Rogers,
Clark, &e.; Mesdames Robertson, Fitzwilliam, Chippendale,
Dalton, Laws, and Dauhigny.
Concluding with A CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT. Messrs.
Compton and Kendal ; Mesdames Chippendale, Dalton, Lewin,
&c.