The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-20 00:00:00

N°.18,146.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY S NOVEMBER 20, 1850.
7

AILTT 'AL ASSURANCE.

SCOTTISH WIDOWS' FUND LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY.

Founded A.D. 1815.
Constituted by Act of Parliament.
This Society has an actually ingested Capital of
TWO MILLIONS TWO HUNDRED AND FOUR THOUSAND

POUND 7;,

arising solely from the accum7dai'iO'n—oithe premiums, and which is

the exclusive property of its members.
Agreeably to the Articles of Constitution, an investigation into the
affairs of the Society takes place every seven years, when the surplus
profits are allocated as follows :
Two-thirds thereof are divided among the members of the So-
ciety ; and
One-third is retained as a Guarantee Fund, till the succeeding
period of investigation.
Thus, at Ist January, 1446 (the period of last investigation), after
setting aside a sum sufficient to meet the obligations of the ,ociety,
there remained a surplus of profit Df £614,422 1 6
One-third of which was reserved as a Guarantee Fund 204,,,07 7 2

And there remained to be divided among tht Members £409,614 14 4
which sum enabled the Directors to declare an addition of 14 per
cent. for the preceding seven years, upo all Assurances, as well as
upm previously deciared additions, which, in the case of Policies
opened in any year from 1815 to 1819 inclusive, was equal to an ad.
dition of upwards of 22 per cent., or upwards of three per cent. per
annum on the original sum assured.
And also to provide for the payment of a farther addition, at the
rate of 2 per cent. per annum on the original sums assured, and
vested additions secured under all polices which should emerge be-
fore the next period of investigation, which was equal to upwards of
3% per cent. per annum on the original sums assured alone.
It will thus be seen that the members of this Society have the
advantage of a large Capital, of which they are the sole proprietors,
and from which they derive the whole benefit, without any deduc-
tion being made for the payment of dividends to Shareholders.
The following will exemplile the effect of the additions already
declared to this Society's Policies:—
POLICY fur £5OO.

O CONSUMERS OF MALT LIQUORS.
T
JENNER, WICKING, and JENNER'S unrivalled ALES,
STOUT and PORTER, brewed for the express use of private fami-
lies, may be obtained in casks of 4%, 9, 18, and 36 gallons, delivered
by their own drays within four miles of the brewery, at the follow-
ing prices, for cash : —No. 1 Ale, 20d.; No. 2, lid. ; No. 3,12 d. Su-
perior Porter, 12d. ; Imperial Stout, at 16d. ; and India Bitter Ale,
10d. per gallon. Table Beer, 55. per 9 gallons.
South London Brewery, Southwark-bridge-road.

ARGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL-•
STREET, ST. JAMES'S.
Licensed pursuant to Act of Parliament of the 25th of Sing George
the Second, cap 36.
(Sole Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.)
LAURENT'S SOIREES MUSICALES AND DANSANTE4.
Open every Evening, with his CELEBRATED and POPULAR
BAND, acknowledged by the nobility and patrons of music to stand
UNRIVALLED and SECOND to NONE.
Principal Cornet-a-Pistons, M. Bouleourt, from Paris, whose in-
imitable performance is nightly received with rapturous plaudits and
universal admiration.

Admission, One Shilling.
Doors open at Half-past 'Eight o'clock —Dancing to commence at
Nine and terminate at Half-past Eleven precisely.
N.B. Due notice will be given of the First Series of Concerts that
will take place at the above Rooms.

GRAND SALON D E D ANSE,
ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY, STRAND.
OPEN FOR THE SCASON.
Lessee—Mr. Thomas Bartlett Simpson, Albion Tavern, Great
Russell-street, Covent-garden
Mr. SIMPSON, anxious to have the best Band in London, has re-
tained the valuable talent of the leading Artists engaged during the
past season at Cremorne Gardens, including the most eminent
Performers from her Majesty's Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera,
and the Philharmonic Concerts.
BORINI'S BAND.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT.
Comprising Selections from the most celebrated Composers, and
Solos by first-rate Artists.
Overture, " The Bronze Horse" •••
Auber.
Alpine Song, Miss Clara Stuart, " Lovely is my distant home," F.
Krehs
Solo (Oboe) Mr. J. Schott.
Song, Miss Clara Stuart, " I'll be no submissive wife, no, not I."
Comic Songs by R. Glindon.
Selection from Donizetti's L'Elislre d'Amore."
REPERTOIRE OF MUSIQUE DE DANSE.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 20.
1. Polka .. Isabelle .. • • .. D'A lbert
2. Q :adrille.. Val d'Andorre (lst set).. Musard
3. Waltz .. Ilommage a Strauss • • .. Borini
4. Polka .. Souvenir de l'Hyppodrome • . Fessy
5. Quadrille.. All Nations • • .. • • Borini
6. Schottische The Gem • • • • .. .. Seabrook
7. Polka .. Alice .. • • -. .. J. Strauss
8. Quadrille.. Le Roi d' Yvetot .. • • .. Bosisio
9. Waltz .. Labyrinths • . Lanner
IS. Polka .. Caledonian • . Borini
11. Quadrille.. Irish Donnybrook • • .. O'Brien
12. Schottische A batene • - . .. Quinton
13. Polka Charlotten Lab( tzky
14. Waltz .. Souvenir du Rhin •. J. Strauss
15. Galop •• Post Horn•• Koenig
To the votaries of Terpsichore remarks on the excellence of
Borini's Band, after the experience of its Orchestral Triumphs at
Cremorne. would be superfluous.
Solos and Concerted Pieces will be performed during the evening.
Borini's Latest Compositions—The Adelaide Polka, Waltzes to
various popular Irish Melodies, Galop d'lnduStrie, New Quadrille of
all Nations.
The Grand Salon, Refreshment, and Ante-rooms have undergone
considerable alterations and improvements.
Doors open at Halt-past Seven o'clock. Admission One Shilling.

CHARACTERISTICS of L. HYAM and CO.
At he numerous and vast ESTABLISHMENTS of L. lIYAM
and CO., Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, and Wholesale Dealers, the
invariable practice is to PURCHASE the RAW MATERIALS from
the first manufacturers, and thns save to Gentlemen and Heads of
Families who patronise them, all intermediate profits, viz.:-
Ist Profit I arising from manufacturers buying articles in the raw
state.
2d. Profit ! ! arising from merchants purchasing from manufac-
turers.
• 3d. Profit !! ! arsing from London or Wholesale houses buying
from merchants.
4th Profit ! ! ! ! arising from small retai'ers having to purchase
from wholesale houses.
sth Profit ! !! !! arising from small tradesmen's exorbitant charges
to the consumer.
In the Ordered Department the newest and most superior style of
every Garment may be obtained, first-rate talent being employed in
the execution of all orders.
In the Department of Clothing for immediate wear will be found
the mast varied Stock in the world. Over Coats, peculiarly adapted
for travellin, and equestrianism.
Dress, Surtout, and Riding Coats ; Walking and Business Jackets,
Waistcoats, Trows-:rs, servants' Top Coat+, Pages' Suits, and Wait-
ing Jackets, enabling the Proprietors (at the shorte.t possible notice)
to execute all orders for home or foreign consumption.
Private Rooms are set apart for trying on Children's Clothing, so
that parents and guardians can at once select the most becoming at-
tire, and likewise ensure a correct and beautiful fit.
L. HYAM and CO. beg distinctly to state that Goods made by
them can only be obtained at their places of business, 36, Grace-
church-street, and 86, Oxford-street, and at their various Establish-
ments in the following towns —Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool
Leeds, Glasgow, Hull, Dublin, Bristol, and Exeter.

CH. LA'MERT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH
A.ND MATURITY.-WITH 40 COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON

STEEL.
fast published, and may be had in French or English, in a Sealed
Envelope, 2s. fid., or post-free, from the Author, for forty-two
Stamps,
SELF-PRESERVATION; a
Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Ma'urity, ,
usually acquired at an early period of life, which debilitate
the physical and mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural
feelings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical
Observations on the Treatment of Nervous Debility and Indigestion,
whether arising from these causes, close study, or the influence of
tropical climates: Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis,
Stricture, and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from India.
cretion. With Forty coloured Engravings, illustrating the
Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs,
explaining their strnetures, uses, and functions, and the various
Injuries that are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and
Infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT. M.D.,
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member
of the London Hospital Medical Society, &c.
This work contains an accurate and eomplete account of the
Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive Organs. It un-
fortunately happens that the unhappy victim of excessive indul-
gence and vicious habits, while suffering from their invariable con-
sequences, unwisely entertains a fear of applying to a qualified physi-
cian for relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but erro-
neously entertained that these complaints are beyond the reach of
art, alike restrict him and prevent his seeking 'or assistance where
alone it can be procured. Dr. LA'MERT has taken the highest
medical honours, as his diplomas testify, and the great extent of his
practice for many years is a guarantee for his professional experi-
ence, which has reference almost solely to the treatment of these
diseases.
Published by the Author. and may be had of J. Gilbert,
49, Paternoster-row.; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Tichborne-
street, Haymarket; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hail-street, London; or, free by post for forty-two stamps. from
the Author's Residence. 37. Redford-sonars London.

DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho.
147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author,
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
CoNTErrrs:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
enrsions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Ramles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping. Bathing, Air,
Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.
11.
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOITNTAINS. Two Vols.
Vol I.
A VISIT TO TUE LAKES; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, 14e.
Vol. 11.
THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY ; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, Itc.

WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
"That three score years and ten our course may ran."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the yonng, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old
age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
ation of every-day life.
IV.
TUE. PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what imprOV.,
Truths as relined as Athens ever heard."
SUBJECT : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions.
Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and romediative. Advocacy of early marriages.

. -
THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
Paocuismsts :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, stud re-
U lion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.

By R. J. CI7LVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
(1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
matters. Reception hours daily till Ave Evenings, seven till nine.
10 irg7ll-piace, Reyna-Most,

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION:
Lecture on the Ballad Music of England, by Mr. George Bar-
ker, with illustrations trom the most popular Composers every Even-
mg (except Saturday) at Eight o'clock.—Lecture on the Hydro-
Electric Machine, by Dr. Bachhoffner.—Lecture on Chemistry by J.
IL Pepper, Esq., illustrating the Ancient Fiery Ordeal and the ',hul-
ling of Red Hot Metals.—Model of Weston's Patent Nova-Motive
Railway, at work daily.—Dissolving Views illustrating some of the
Wonders of Nature, daily at Half-past Four, and in the Evenings
at a Quarter to Ten ; also a Series, exhibiting Scenes in the Arctic
Regions and Ceylon, daily at One o'clock.—Diver and Diving-bell,
&c., &c.

Admission, I s.—Schools, Half-price.
Open daily from Eleven till Five o'clock, and every Evening (ex-
cept Saturday) from Seven till Half-past Ten.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

To-day, in all probability, the fate of the Devonport
Dock and the new works will be decidtd—that is,
whether we shall have a dock equal to the requirements
of the service, or whether we shall have a miserable
apology for essentially a great necessary public work.
Under all circumstances we cannot help quoting the
following from the United Service Gazette :
" Every day's experience exhibits the short-sighted
policy, the miserable economy, and the utter want of
professional responsibility, which have postponed the
completion of the basin and docks at Devonport Dock-
yard.

Such is the want of dock accommodation at that
port that the Wasp screw-sloop, of 900 ton's, requiring
to be docked this week, she could not be taken in until
she was lightened; consequently. although she had the
mails on board for the coast of Africa, it took the people
three days to get out the guns and stores before she
could get in to have the fan of her screw adjusted, and
it has taken three days more since to replace the stores;
thus losing the time of a whole working week—a pretty
state truly for one of our principal naval arsenals to be in.
" Again, it has been stated that the works depart-
ment has been turned over to the master shipwright.
This is not officially true, although it looks very much
like it. Captain Williams, RE., is .still called the ` di-
rector of his department; but the master shipwright has
been allowed by the Admiralty to run over his works—
to make drawings of them—to propose corrections of
them, and indeed to discover what his conceit or impu-
dence may choose to call blunders of the engineer ; and
this week the drawings,' amendments," ad Miens,'
and ' improvements' have been forwarded to the Admi-
ralty for their approbation. How long a captain of the
Royal Engineers is to submit to this indignity, perhaps
some members of the distinguished corps in which he
holds a commission will call upon him to declare ; and
how the Admiralty can permit a shipwright to neglect
his own department to meddle with that of another, in
the way they have allowed Mr. Edye to do, whilst the
ships under his charge reported perfect, when ordered
to be commissioned, are found to have defects which
will take six weeks' hard work to make good, their Lord-
ships will probably have an opportunity of explaining
very shortly.
" Thirdly, we may notice with great regret the report
that the caissons at the new and spoiled steam-basin and
dock works at Keyham have failed, although so much
was said of their admirable perfection and utility when
tried the other day, and of the inventor, Mr. Scamp, as-
,istant director of engineering works at the Admiralty.
The whole design looks very much like a gigantic
blunder, at the expense of some 20,0001., and now it is
said the Admiralty department are endeavouring to make
Mr. Fairbairn, the contractor for building the caissons,
responsible for the design as well as for the faithful con-
struction of them. Thus, if the caissons had succeeded,
the wiseacres of Somerset-house would have assumed all
the credit; but now that they are likely to fail, or have
not succeeded, the contractor is saddled with the onus of
the mistake.
" Let our readers look to the French President's mes-
sage, with respect to the new docks and works in the
arsenals of France, and they will aeree with us that it is
high time that we should have a searching inquiry into
the state of those of the dockyards of England."
Lieutenant R. L. Curtis (1842), it is said, will com-
mission the Locust steam-vessel, at Woolwich, for the
coast of Africa service.

Mr. B. F. Cameron has been appointed assistant ongi-
neer to the Luci►er steam vessel.

Retribution steam-frigate, Captain Warden, in defi-
ance of a strong westerly gale, went out to Spithead
under steam yesterday morning at eleven o'clock. She
will take in her powder and live shells when it mode-
rates, and proceed to Devonport.
PORTSMOUTH, TUESDAY.—The Northumberland new
yacht packet arrived at Spithead last night.
The Retribution steam frigate has had her compasses
swung, and was taken to Spithead this morning to try
speed by the measured mile.
The Amphitrite, 24, has been stripped, and will be
re-coppered immediately.
During a sudden squall this morning a boat belonging
to the Alfred came across the bowsprit of the Lively
tender, and immediately upset and sank. There were
two men and a boy in her at the time, who were even-
picked up.

THE CHINA SQUADRON.
Her Majesty's ship Hastings, bearing the flag of
Rear-Admiral Austin, 0.13., arrived at Singapore on the
16th of September, after a tedious passage of sixteen
days, from Penang, through the Straits of Malacca, and
sailed on the 21st for Hong. Kong.
The Sphynx, Commander Shadvvell, and the East
India Company's steamer Nemesis, were at Siam, with
Sir James Brooke, though expected at Hong-Kong in a
short time, and as they had made a lengthened stay, the
success of their mission was augured favourably of.
The Serpent, Commander Barker, had bean ordered
clown to Hong-Kong for the convalescence of her crew.
The sick BA was very large, as many as 80 having been
on it at one time; none of them, however, had died, nor
had there been any life recently lost in the iquiadren.
The Reynard was at Hong-kong on the 23d of Sep-
tember, and expected to sail in a few days for the
northern ports, calling at Loo-Choo, with the Lord
Bishop of Victoria on board. She had been taking the
place of the Phlegethon at Canton, where her arrival
made no little sensation among the community. Captain
Cracroft succeeded in carrying her up the Junk Channel,
a passage hitherto considered impracticable for vessels
of the Reynard's tonnage, and steamed past the factories
io the astonishment of the natives.
The Castor, Commodore Wyvill, anchored at the Mau-
ritius on the 19th of September, after a very long cruise
on the east coast of Africa. She left Simon's Bay,
Cape of Good Hope, on the 22d of February, since which
the Commodore has visited all his old friends on the
slave-trading coast of Mozambique, to whom he required
no introduction, having been well known in his last ship,
Cleopatra, for his capturing propensities. All the rivers
have been searched for baracoons and slave vessels, and
the strictest possible inquiry been established as to the
slave trade. It is thought the Commodore's visit will
have a wholesome effect on the wretches who deal in
humanity; certain it is, the Castor did not succeed in
making a prize until she reached Cape Delgado, in May
last; all of a sudden, two large slave markets were dis-
covered, which the Commodore caused to be surprised,
and destroyed by the Castor's boats before the
people were aware of her being on the coast. Com-
mander Bunce conducted the attacks, and making them
at daylight, met little or no resistance, although
at the second place he found preparations
for fighting about 300 men with muskets and
some pieces of cannon; but the English force awed
them. In two minutes after landing the whole place was
in flames, and in the midst of it a large slave dow was
blown up. As soon as the force re-embarked a fire was
opened from the mangrove bushes, which was sharply
returned by the boats. The name of this last place is
Kionga. The baracoons were very extensive, and ca-
pable of containing thousands of slaves. The first place,
Masani, was not so large. The Castor visited Zanzibar
after leaving that place. Dysentery attacked the crow;
10 men died but she is now quite healthy. The Castor
had experienced a gale of wind to the southward of Ma-
dagascar,
and sprung her foreyard, and came into Port
Louis with all her provisions just expended. The Dee,
pr
endn aocne
vfirgoomr tuhsel
yC. absut
to r.
has Tr
eheee
isvl
ea
dv ea t
sr
Dart, and Pantaloon, were in the Mozambique, and a
eavdeer hasc ebcel:
vigilance of the cruisers. nc
thear-

Her Majesty's sloop Pantaloon is the only vessel that
has taken priz-s on this coast. She has captured three
empty ones, which with their cargoes will be worth
8,000/. or 9,0001,; they were the three last of the season.

APPOINTMENTS.

WooLwlcß, Nov. 19.—Pavina;ter and Purser Thomas
M. J. Tilby (1814), of the Fisgard flagship, at Wool-
wich, is expected to retire on that vessel being paid off,
on the 2d of next month, and Paymaster and Purser
Thomas Watson (1809), is named as his successor.
The Locust steam-vessel, now ready for commission
for service on the coast of Africa, is expected to be com-
missioned at this port by Commander Roger Curtis
(1846).
The Volcano steam-vessel is also nearly ready for
commission at this port for service on the coast of Africa.

aggression, but as a simply administrative provision ne-
cessary for the government of their flocks. The main
ground set forth for the necessity or expediency of hav-
ing an ecclesiastical hierarchy was as follows:
" It was observed, that until now the only regulation
or code of government possessed by the English Catho-
lics, was the constitution of Pope Benedict XIV., which
begins Apostolic= Ministerium,' and which was issued
in 1743, a hundred years ago. Now, this constitution
had grown obselete by the very length of time, and still
more by happy change of circumstances. It was based
upon the following considerations:-1. That the Catho-
lics were still under the pressure of heavy penal laws,
and enjoyed no liberty of conscience ; 2. That all their
colleges for ecclesiastical education were situated abroad;
3. That the religious orders had no houses in England ;
4. That there was nothing approaching to a parochial
division, but that most Catholick.places of worship were
the private chapels, and their incumbents the chap-
lains of noblemen and gentlemen. There are other
similar suppositions in that document, full as it is of
wisdom, which, thank God, at the present time appear
as simple anachronisms. It was argued, therefore, that
virtually this, the only great constitution existing for
Catholic England, part even of which had been already
formally repealed by the late Pope, was rather a clog
and embarrassment than a guide.
" The Catholic Church in England had so much ex-
panded and consolidated itself since the Emancipation
Act, and its parts had so matured their mutual relations,
that it could not be carried on without a full and explicit
code. The bishops, it was urged, found themselves
perplexed. and their situation full of difficulty; as they
earnestly desired to be guarded from arbitrary decisions
by fixed rules, and yet had none provided for them. The
uncert Linty also of position on the part of the clergy,
which resulted from this anomalous state, made it still
more painful.
" Such was the case submitted to the judgment of the
Holy See, fully illustrated with practical applications.
A remedy was, therefore, prayed for, and it was sug-
gested that it could only be in one of the two following
forms:—

" Either the Holy See must issue another and full con-
stitution, which would supply all wants, but which would
be necessarily complicated and voluminous, and, as a
special provision, would necessarily be temporary;
" Or, the real and complete code of the Church must
be at once extended to the Catholic Church in England,
so far as compatible with its social position; and this
provision would be final.
" But, in order to adopt this second and more natural
expedient, one condition was necessary, and that was—
the Catholics must have a hierarchy. The canon law is
inapplicable under Vicars-Apostolic; and, besides, many
points would have to be synodically adjusted, and, with-
out a metropolitan and suffragans, a provincial synod
was out of the question.
" Such was the main and solid ground on which the
hierarchy was humbly' solicited by Catholics from the
Holy See. It was one that referred to their own internal
entered organization
the
heads o f exclusively.the p
eTt
iht
iooungehr Thoughts
s or
rf aggressionofthe
petitioned;
nor were the bishops moved by stupid ideas of rivalry
with the Established Church, in what Corms its weakness,
nor any absurd defiance of national prejudices. They
knew that they violated no law in asking for what was
needful for their religious existence, and they acted on
an acknowledged right of liberty of conscience.
" Other motives were added to show the expediency
f
abouteo x a granting
h gat that
aiis boon
L.
the atid tob been granted
otrhe ooEnglish
100 os Australia,wChtatht oolutics; as,and fur
wacomplaints
from any one; and it looked like a reproach to the mo-
ttoheirto daughters.countryt
to withhold from it what had been granted
" But one more argument it is right to state, because
it bears upon the present excitement. It has been lately
the fashion to speak of the Catholic policy as though,
up to the late change in its ecclesiastical organization, it
had been in a position which was recognized and re-
spected. The Bishop of London, in his answer to the
Chapter of Westminster (the document is not at hand),
spoke in this strain; and Lord John Russell, in his letter
to the Bishop of Durham, insinuates that its position
up to this time was quite satisfactory to him. It would
be easy to refer to other documents lately issued. But
this is all an imaginary view of the past. Instead of
this, the Catholics have been unmercifully treated by
every Anglican writer, high church or low church, as
schismatics, as rebels to the bishops of England, as
having no true bishops. They were told that the very
outlandish names of their sees proved them to be
foreigners, and that they were not even real bishops.
Read the Rev. W. Palmer on the subject,* and see how
he treated Vicars-Apostolic. In one pamphlet against
the writer of this appeal he began by refusing him
the usual courteous title given in all civiliz-d society
to a Catholic bishop, and sent him to the Bishop
of Worcester, as his diocesan, for leave to preach.
Nay, again and again they were taunted with this,
that the Pope durst not name ordinary bishops in
England, because conscious of not having authority
to do so. It was, therefore, a point of no light weight
and of no indifferent interest to Catholics, to have this
sarcasm silenced and this obstacl. removed; fur many
minds allowed themselves to be influenced by the Ewa-
rent advantage of ecclesiastical position on the other
side. Strange that, after defying Catholics on theologi-
cal grounds, when the stop has been taken, these oppo-
nents should no longer consider it as a question of
theology, but of pr rogative; should shrink from meet-
ing the act with ecclesiastical argument, but shouts fir
the sword of the state. Why did they not tell Catholics
before, you dare not form a domestic hierarchy (and
this proves that you are not the true Church in En-
gland); because, if you attempt it, we will rouse the
people against you, we will lash on the multitude to out-
rage you, and we will bring down Parliamentary enact-
ments to crush you?'

But to return. These were but secondary and cor-
baastaiovolenut ane rngndue
good
oeeos nsdif
ts)..o Tt.
thhee grougovernment.nd
Tc
hohyfe tfaho
reo
idpyol est;
eedesi ntki gci
nwdo was
rgt hos ben oi
listened to the petition, and referred it to the Sacred
Congregation of the Propaganda. After a full discus-
sion, and further reply to objections, the boon was
granted. The Vicars-Apostolic were desired to suggest
the best divisions for new dioceses, and the,best places for
the titles. These were adjusted, the brief was drawn up,
and even printed.
"Some difficulties arose about a practical point, and
publication was delayed. In 1848 another bishop (Dr.
Ullathorne) was deputed to Rome to remove them, and
the measure was again prepared, when the Roman revo-
lution suspended its final conclusion till now.
" All this time there was no concealment, no attempt
to take people by surprise. All Catholics knew of the
intended measure; the papers announced it; so notorious
was it, that the Dean and Chapter of Westminster
petitioned Parliament against it; and a friend of the
writer's heard the Dean of Westminster say, most
openly,' Well, he may call himself what be pleases, but
at least he can never be Dean of Westminster.' In
Battersby's 'lrish Directory' for 1848, the writer was
named' Most Rev. N. Wiseman, Archbishop of West-
minster.' He can add that many letters came to him so
addressed.
" Then why is this very act, which was openly spoken
of, and hardly attracted attention three years ago, now
denounced so furiously, and characteriz-d so foully?
This is not the place to answer this question; it is on'y
wished here to state simple facts, and leave others to
reason on them.
" But the main objects of this introduction are ac-
comolished, if it has been shown—
"First. That this is no wanton, sudden act; that it is
not a measure of a grasping, aggressive character; but
one gradually and undisguisedly matured; one based
upon the necessities of the Catholic body, its internal
regimen, and its healthy organization. The necessity for
having a code produced the necessity for the only go-
vernment which could administer it.
" Secondly. That the blame (if any) and the responsi-
bility of the measure rests with the writer and his col-
leagues and not with his Holiness, the best, and here the
most calumniated' of men. He, as a kind father, yielded
to the earnest solicitation of his children, and they, like-
wise, naturally suggested those details of execution
which were necessary. Instead of being an aggressive
act on his pert, it was one of condescension to his
vicars, their clergy, and people. Let his apostolic
letters be calmly read by any one, and this will appear.
It may be useless at this moment to stem the current of
vulgar and ribald abuse that is poured out against his
sacred person, and encouraged by those whose mission,
if they have one, should be of peace. Time will disperse
the mist, and show the transaction in its true light. In
the meantime, the writer of these pages (and he
is sure
he is not alone) declares himke-11 ready to stand between
the Pontiff and the vituperation cast upon his act, be-
lieving it to have been most just, roost expedient, nay,
little less than necessary, for the wellbeing of the Ca-

* He is quoted by Mr. Bowyer in an excellent pamphlet
just pAbliohed.

tholic ChUrch in Englgni. And yet, for Englishmen, it
ought to have been sufficient to It is strictly within
the law.'

" AN APPEAL, &c.

" An agitation, perhaps unparalleled in our times, has
been rriised by the constitution o- a Catholic hierarchy
in this island. Its violence has been that of a whirl-
wind, during which it would have been almost folly to
claim a hearing. After the news reached England of
the measure being completed, a pause of a few days en-
sued, as if the elements were brewing for the storm.
Then it burst out with absolute fury; every newspaper
(with a few honourable exceptions) seemed to vie with
its neighbour, of most opposite politics and principles, in
the acrimony, virulence, and perseverance of its at-
tacks; Liberal and Conservative, Anglican or Dis-
senting, grave or light, as their usual tone and
character might previously have been, the ener-
gies of all seemed concentrated upon one single point,
that of crushing, if possible, or denouncing at least
to public execration, the new form of ecclesiastical
government, which Catholics regarded as a blessing and
an honour. For this purpose nothing was refused,
however unfounded, however personal, even by papers
whose ordinary tone is courteous, or at least well-bred.
Anecdotes without a particle of truth, or, what is worse,
with some particles of distorted truth in them, have been
copied from one into another, and moat widely circu-
lated. Sarcasm, ridicule, satire of the broadest charac-
ter, theological and legal reasonings of the most refined
nature, bold and reckless declamation, earnest and art-
ful argument—nothing seemed to come amiss; and every
invokable agency, from the Attorney-General to Guy
Fawkes, from prcemunire to a hustling, was summoned
forth to aid the cry, and administer to the vengeance of
those who raised it.

" And, in fact, there soon sprung up from amidst the
first confusion a clearer and more natural agent, inter-
ested in promoting it. The Established Church of Eng-
land looks upon the new constitution accorded by the
Holy See to Catholics as a rival existence; and it is but
natural that its clergy should exert themselves to the
utmost to keep up an excitement which bears an ap-
pearance of attachment to themselves. And hence, by
degrees, the agitation has been lately subsiding into a
mere clerical and parochial movement.
" A few years ago an excitement somewhat similar
was caused by the proposed augmentation of the grant
to Maynooth College. Political and religious feelings
brought parties, otherwise generally discordant, into
harmonious opposition to the increase. But the great
statesman wholthen presided over her Majesty's councils,
and whose loss the country has lately so sincerely de-
plored, nobly stemmed the tide, carried his increase with
calm dignity through the Legislature, and yielded
nought to public outcry. At the present crisis the Ca-
tholics of England had no right to expect any co-opera-
tion from the Government of the country—they asked
for none; but they had the right of every citizen to im'
partiality. They naturally-might have expected that he
to whom was entrusted the helm of the State would
keep himself above those influences of party feeling which
disqualify the mind for grave and generous counsels;
would preserve himself uncommitted by any hasty or
unofficial expression of opinion; would remain on the
neutral ground of his public responsibility; to check
excess on every side, and moderate dangerous tendencies
in any party. Instead of this, the head of her Majesty's
Government has astonished, not this country alone, but
all Europe, by a letter which leaves us but little hope that
any appeal to the high authority which rules over the
empire would be received, to say the least, with favour.
But, another and a still graver power in the State
has allowed itself to be swayed, by the passing blast,
from the upright and inflexible position which English-
men have ever considered natural to it. Whatever the
agitation and storm that raged around, we have been
accustomed to feel sure that the fountains of justice
would retain their surface calm and unruffled, and their
waters cool and pure. The highest secular dignity in
the land has been wisely adjudged to him, who, either
seated at the head of the noblest assembly in the world,
holds with unswerving hand the balance of constitu-
tional justice, and utters, in venerated accents, decisions
on the most delicate topics of public and royal rights,
which pass into very aphorisms of legislation; or, en-
throned in the innermost sanctuary of justice, decides,
almost without appeal, upon causes of vast magnitude,
and enters the records of his decisions upon the law-
tables of the empire. But on the present occasion the
storm has been strong enough to disturb the very spring
of equity. Instead of waiting till, from the woolsack or
the bench, he might have been called upon to speak
with impartial solemnity on what may be thought a mo-
mentous question, the Lord High Chancellor of Eng-
land has preferred to deliver his award against us
from behind the tables of a Mansion-house banquet, and
so elicit the anti-Popish cheers of his civic companions,
rather than the honoured approbation of the peerage or
the bar. His compeer in high judicial duties sat by and
listened; was indignant, and justly censured:* should he
survive to be his biographer, let him, for the honour of
More's ermine, suppress the undignified and un-English
phrases which he heard; for no one here, however
raised up, has a right to talk of placing his heel upon
even the covering of another's head, who however
humble, is as much a British subject and a freeman as
himself, and claims equal protection from, as he pays
equal deference to, the law of his country.
While thus the avenues to public justice seem closed '
against us—while the press has condemned and raised
our death•whoop in spite of proffered explanations, deaf
to every call for a fair hearing—while we may consider
that the door of the Treasury may be barred against us
if we knock to ask, not fur pensions or funds, but for a
reasonable hearing, when the very highest judicial
authority has prejudged and cut off all appeal from us,
what resource have we yet left—what hope of justice?
One in which, after God's unfailing Providence, we
place unbounded confidence. There still remain the
manly sense and honest heart of a generous people—that
love of honourable dealing and fair play which, in joke
or in earnest, is equally the instinct of an Englishman—
that hatred of all mean advantage taken, of all base
tricks, and paltry clap-traps, and party cries employed
to hunt down even a rival or a foe. _ _ _

" To this open-fronted and warmhearted tribunal I
make my appeal, and claim, on behalf of myself and my
fellow-Catholics a fair, free, and impartial hearing. Fel
low• subjects, Englishmen, be you, at least, just and equit-
able ! You have been deceived—you have been misled,
both as to facts and as to intentions. I will be plain
and simple, but straightforward and bold. I will be
brief alas, as far as I can, but as explicit as may be ne-
cessary.
I begin, therefore, at once with
" SEC. 1.-THE ROYAL SUPREMACY, AND BISHOPS NAMED

BY THE CROWN.

" Down to the year 1829 Catholics were excluded
from both Houses of Parliament. and from many other
offices and dignities. Or it may be more correct to say
they were only enabled to attain these distinctions by
taking an oath, entitled the Oath of Supremacy. There
was also a declaration required against several Catholic
doctrines: but any Catholic who would have acknow-
ledged the Sovereign's supremacy would easily have de-
nied those doctrines, and so have taken the entire oath.

"What was meant by the Kingrs-s-upr;m—ae-yWas,tbat
in
Brihtii ms h weams
pvierset,e d
sot hte headship h
at he
had of h
supreme
Ch
urch
power
all the
rn
n,
ec-
clesiastical and spiritual' matters, as well as in ' civil
and temporal;' and every one was held to be as subject
to the one as to the other. The acknowledgment of,
and the subjection to. this spiritual supremacy was in-
compatible with the doctrine and belief of Catholics all
over the world; namely, that there are no such things
as national or separate churches; but only one true
Catholic or universal church, under one head, the Bishop
of Rome, otherwise called the Pope.
" The Catholic who believed in this doctrine could not,
without giving the lie to his faith, swear or admit that
the temporal Sovereign is head of the Church, nor
of any church that claimed his obedience.
" And because he would not admit that Royal su-
premacy;or, what is the same, he admitted the Papal su-
premacy in spirituals, the Catholic was excluded from
partaking of the privileges of the Constitution.
" At an earlier period Catholics used to be put to
death for their denial of the kingly ecclesiastical su•
premacy. The best and greatest of English judges, the
Chancellor Sir Thomas More, was beheaded for denying
that supremacy and maintaining the Pope's.
"In the year above mentioned, 1829, an Act was
passed and became law, which is familiarly known as
the Catholic Emancipation Act. By this Catholics
were freed from all obligation of swearing to, and con-
sequently acknowledging, the royal ecclesiastical supre-
macy, and an oath of allegiance was framed peculiarly
for them which excluded all declaration of belief in that
principle.
" A Catholic, therefore, before 1829, in the eye of the
law, was a person who did not admit the royal supre-
macy, and therefore was excluded from full enjoyment
of civil privileges. A Catholic after 1829, and there-
fore in 1850, is a person who still continues not to admit
the royal supremacy, and nevertheless is admitted to full
enjoyment of those privileges.
" The royal supremacy is no more admitted by the
Scotch Kirk, by Baptists. Methodists, Quakers, Inde-
pendents, Presbyterians, Unitarians, and other Dissen-
ters, than by the Catholics. None of these recognise
in the Queen any authority to interfere in their religious
at
ho
en ce
limitsr ns, toof at ph pe osien h
pt
atraeiter
districtsmi ister
ins for or
wh
itcheh mo , rto mark
authority
has
to be exercised.
" None of those, any more than Catholics, recognise in
the Bishops appointed by our gracious Queen, in virtue
of her supremacy, any authority to teach them or rule
them. The real sway, therefore, of this spiritual pre-
rogative is confined to that body of Christians who volun-
tarily remain subject to the ecclesiastical establishment
called the Church of England. Any one can, when he
pleases, separate himself from this body, and from that
moment he ceases to consider the bishop appointed by
the Crown as his pastor, superior in spirituals, or master
in faith.
" While the State reserves for that establishment,
within the limits of which the royal supremacy is strictly
and fully exercised, all dignity, honour, pm-eminence,
and endowment, it freely grants to all who choose to
live out of its domination, as their equivalent, perfect
toleration, complete freedom to practice their religion,
whether new or old. according to its principles and to its

* " Lord Chief Justice Campbell, I understand, really said,
that there seemed to be only one topic on which any one
could speak ; but that, for his part, if the high dignitaries
alluded to were to come before him, they should, at least,
Imo Au impartial

[PRICE SD.

perfect development, so long as the practice is within tt.e
bounds of law, and trenches upon no other's rights.
When, them fore, the Sovereign appoints a new
bishop to a see, the atholic, and I suppose the Dis-
senter, divides the act tween tan di, tinct powers. As
Sovereign, and as di tenser onignities, the King or
Queen bestows on t elected, dignity, rank, an,
wealth; he is made a Lord of Parliament, receives a
designation and title, becomes seised of certai❑ proper-
ties which entitle him to fines, rents, and fees. To all
this they assent; they may protest, but they do not re-
fuse the honours due to one whom the King is pleased to
honour. The title is accorded, be it his Lordship' or
his Grace:' his peerage is admitted, with all its conse-
quent distinctions, and his fines and fees are paid as to
any other landlord.

But further, in virtue of the spiritual supremacy, th.
same Sovereign confers on that person spiritual and
ecclesiastical jurisdiction; and this, in fact, is acknow-
ledged only by those who are members of the Church of
England. Thus if, in virtue of this commission, the
bishop publicly teaches or denies, as the case may he,
the doctrine of baptismal regeneration, a Catholic no
more heeds his teaching than he does that of a
Dissenting. minister. If he comes into a town, and
invites all to come and he confirmed by him on a given
day. no Catholic takes more notice of the call than he
does of the parish beadle's notices among which it is fas-
tened on the church door. If he appoints a triennial
visitation for correction of abuses and hearing of com-
plaints, no Catholic troub!es himself about his coming.
And what the Catholic does in regard to these func-
tions of an Anglican bishop, the Independent does just
as much.
" It follows that a marked distinction exists between
the authority possessed by a bishop and that of any
other functionary named by the Queen's excellent Ma-
jesty. If she appoints an admiral, or commander-in-
chic% or governer of a colony, or judge, every one is
bound to obey that person in all that belongs specifically
to his office, and a❑y one would be punishable if he re-
fused. But in regard to a bishop it is exactly the con-
trary. Precisely in those very matters which appertain
to his office we aro not bound to obey him. No one is
obliged to seek doctrine from his teaching, sanctifi-
cation from his ministration, or grace from his bless-
ing. This anomalous difference arises from the circum-
stance that the commission given to civil and military
officers flows from the temporal sovereignty, which none
may impugn; while that to the ecclesiastical functiona-
ries proceeds from the spiritual jurisdiction, which may
be, and is, lawfully denied.
" When a Dissenter denies the royal supremacy (al-
ways meaning by this term the spiritual or ecclesiastical
jurisdiction attributed to the Crown), he substitutes, per-
haps, for it some other authority in some synod or con-
ference, or he admits of none other to take its place; but
when the Catholic denies it, it is because he believes
another and a true ecclesiastical and spiritual supremacy
to reside in the Pope, or Bishop of Rome, over the entire
Catholic Church. With him the two acts resolve them-
selves into one—denial of the Royal supremacy and as-
sertion of the Papal supremacy, And as it is perfectly
lawful for him to deny the one, so it is equally lawful
for him to assert the other. Hence Lord Chancellor
Lyndhurst, in the House of Lords, May 11, 1846, spoke
to the following effect:—
" He said that it was no crime in the Roman Catholic
to maintain and defend the supremacy of the Pope; but
that if he did it for mischievous purposes, and circulating
immoral doctrines and opinions, he was liable to punish-
ment by the common law; but if he merely maintained
and defended, as he was bound to do, the spiritual au-
,hority of his superior, then he said that he wss guilty
of no offence against the laws of the country. The
Right Rev. Prelate (the Bishop of Exeter) had asked his
opinion and that of the Learned Judges as to the right
of the Roman Catholics to maintain and defend the su-
premacy of the Pope in spiritual matters. He said that
it was no offence at commoe law for them to do so; but,
on the other hand, if any person improperly, wantonly,
or seditiously called in question the supremacy of the
Crown of England—and that, it was to be observed, in-
cluded the temporal as well as the spiritual power of the
Crown—if any, from any improper motive or purpose,
or in any improper manner, questioned that supremacy,
then that person would be liable to a prosecution at the
common law; and there could be no doubt, if the
Learned Judges were consulted, they would so deter-
mine.*

"In the present contest it is of great importance to
keep these maxims in mind. For both in the papers,
and still more in arldr« sses, it is almost as.amed that Ca-
tholics have now, for the first time, denied the authority
of Anglican bishops, or impugned the spiritual supre-
macy of the Crown. The bishops and clergy are of
course turning the crisis to their own best advantage,
and associating their pretensions with the rights of the
Sovereign. They are endeavouring, and will endeavour,
to regain that influence which they have lost over the
hearts of the people, and think to replace, by one burst
of fanaticism, the religious ascendancy which years have
worn away. But this will not be permitted them by a
people too much enlightened on toe subject of religious
toleration, as enjoy( d in England, to be easily fooled out
of the privileges which it possesses. The nation will
watch with jealousy any attempt to curtail or to narrow
them, even though Catholics be the victims. Believe me,
at this moment, the danger to the religious and civil li-
berties of Englishmen is not from any infringement on
them by the Pope, in granting to English Catholics what
I hope to show you they bad full right to obtain from
him, but from those who are taking advantage of the oc-
currence to go back a step if they ca❑ i❑ the legislation
of toleration, and take away from a large body of Eng-
lishmen what at present is lawful to them in regard to
the free exercise of their religion.
" I proceed, therefore, to examine in
" SEC. 11.-WHAT WAS THE EXTENT OF RELIGIOUS TOLE•
RATION GRANTED TO CATHOLICS? HAVE THEY A

RIGHT TO POSSESS BISHOPS OR A HIERARCHY?

" The Act of Catholic Emancipation was considered,
not only by those whom it benefited, but by all who
consented to it, as an act of justice rather than of favour.
It was deemed unjust to exclude from fair participation
in constitutional rights any Englishman on account of
his religious opinions. By this Act, therefore, preceded
and followed by many others of lesser magnitude, the
Catholics of the British empire were admitted to com-
plete toleration—that is, were made as free as any other
class of persons to profess and practise their religion in
every respect. The law made a few exceptions, but the
enumeration of these only served to prove that in every
other respect but these the law recognized no restrictions.
If the law,' observed Lord Lyndhurst, ' allowed the
doctrines and discipline of the Roman Catholic Church,
it should be allowed to be carried on perfectly and pro-
perly.'f
" Hence, to have told Catholics ' You have perfect
religious liberty, but you shall not teach that the Church
cannot err; or, you have complete toleration, but you
must not presume to believe holy orders to b. a sacra-
ment.' would have been nugatory and tyrannical.
" Now, holy orders require bishops to administer
them. consequently a succession of bishops to keep up a
succession of persons in orders.
" Hence the Catholic Church is essentially episcopal;
end to say, ' You Catholics shall have complete religious
toleration, hut yeti shall not have bishops among) ou to
gover❑ you,' would have been a complete contradiction
ii) terms—it would have amounted to a total denial of
religious toleration.
" When, therefore, emancipation was granted to the
Catholics, full power was given them to have an epis-
copate--that is, a boby of bishops to rule them in com-
munion with the Pape, the avowed head of the Church.
" Now, government by bishops in the Catholic Church
may be of two kinds.
" First, the regular, ordinary, proper. and perfect
form of episcopal government consists of a local heir-
archy—that is, a body of bishops having their sees in
the country, with an archbishop similarly holding his
see. Such is the episcopacy where constituted in its
ordinary form.
" Secondly, where this proper form is not attainable,
a temporary and less perfect mode of providing bishops
for a country is adopted. The Pope names bishops to
ancient sees situated now in infidel countries, as Turkey
or Barbary, and gives them jurisdiction in the country
to be provided for, as his own immediate vicars. Hence
such bishops are called vicars apostolic.
" When emancipation or full religious freedom was
granted to Catholics, if in this was included full liberty
to be governed by bishops according to the constitution
and ordinanc, s of their own Church, it follows that they
were at perfect liberty to have it governed according to
the regular and ordinary form of their constitution, as
much as by the temporary and irregular; and that is by
a hierarchy of local bishops.
" To have said to Catholics, You are perfectly free
to practise your religion and to have your own Church
government, but you shall not be free to have it in its
" proper and perfect" form, but only in the imperfect
form in which it has been tolerated while you had not
liberty of conscience,' would hove been a tyranny, and,
in fact, a denial of that very liberty of conscience.
" But the fact is a simple and plain one, that the law
did not say so, and did not put on any such restriction;
and we are to be governed by law, and not by assertions.
If the Catholics are at liberty by law to have
bishops at all, they are as much at liberty to have local
bishops as to have vicars apostolic.
" Nay, more than this, the law plainly foresaw and
provided for our having regular bishops one day instead
of vicars.
"First, as Lord Lyndhurst, already quoted, has ob-
served, ' if the law allowed the doctrines and the disci-
' pline of the Roman Catholic Church, it should be allowed
to be carried out perfectly and properly.' This is in the
spirit of every legislation. Our Church system would
not be allowed to be carried out perfectly and properly
if it was understood (where not expressed) that it was
only to be allowed to be carried out in its imperfect and
less proper form. Suppose a man has kept possession for
years of a house which he had built for himself on my
land without my permission, and then •we had come to an
amicable arrangement, and I give him leave, without any
restriction to have a house there, could I complain if,
when his old one required rebuilding, he made it of brick
or stone, and say that I always meant he was only to
keep up a wooden or temporary house? If any Sove-
reign granted to any distant country its independence,
and power to rule itself by a monarchical government,
would it be just, when that form of jurisdiction was

* Hansard, vol. lxxxiv. p. 310.
t Speech in the Lords, April 00, 1846, Hansard, vol.
I.SxXV. p. 1,261.

* It is clear that no dith-reuce whatever is made in
this • nactment between England and Ireland. Indeed,
the wt rd " as-uming" se-ms to syyly to the forculr,
..using to the latter. 10 George IV., Asp. 9, 6420. 24.
t Hansard, vol. it., r. 560.

, .
NEW NOVEL BY MISS KAVANAGH.
I CARDINAL WISEMAN'S
Now rea ly at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.
NATHALIE. A TALE. MANIFESTO.
BY JULIA KAVANAGH.
Author of " Woman in France," " Madeleine," &c. -;•cs.
" Nathalie is the love s ory of a wayward heart. The tale is by
Touch Ali,s Kavanagh's best imaginative eff.rt. Its manner Is gra-
cious and attractive—its matter is good. We should not soon come explanation of his appointment by the Pope as Arch-
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pictures which place' Nathalie ' high among books of its class."— bishop of Westminster :
Athenfeurn. " INTRODUCTION.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. .s The following tract will be better understood if the
- -
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Also, now ready : 0 .... ~ d been goverte in England by
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LABITZKY'S QJJADRILLF ,
~.; ... , - ' '.- ecclesiastical hierarchy. Petitions
TIONS, Dedicated by special permi ''a-- , .., , - • . • his purpose to the Holy See. The
.- . '
Albert, perfurrning nigutly_At the Grand Na -1,, .. ,- ,
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. .- : •- • : ;;. 1834.
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FEELING of the ENGLISH PEOPLE, on the subject of the
C.AIHOLIC HIERARCHY. i lysis of its contents. This,will show how the bishops looked
rupon it, not as a matter of triumph, or a measure of
BY HIS EMINENCE CARDINAL WISEMAN% _ _

b

11e of the Pope which are absolutely necessary for the
appointment of bishops and pastors belonging to the Ro-
man Catholic Church. It would be quite impossible to
prevent the introduction of such hulls:*
" Lord Chancellor Lyndhurst—' They tolerated the
Catholic prelates, and they knew that these prelates
could not carry on their Church establishments or con-
duct its discipline without holding communication with
the Pope of Rome. No Roman Catholic bishop could be
created without the authority of a bull from the Pope of
Rome, and many of the observances of their Church re-
quired the same sanction. The moment, therefore, that
they sanctioned the observance of the Roman Catholic
religion in this country, they by implication allowed the '
communication (with the Pope) prohibited by this sta-
tute, and for which it imposed the penalties of high
treason. If the law allowed the doctrines and discipline
of the Roman Catholic Church, it should be per-
mitte4 to be carried on perfectly and properly; and
that Fonld not be without such communication. On
these grounds he proposed to repeal the Act' j' (13t h
Elia.),
"These quotations prove that in both Houses of' Par-
liament the principle has been clearly laid down, that if
Catholics are to have bishops at a►l, the Pope. and the
1-,,,pe alone, can make them for them. Then it enters
as completely into the principles of religions liberty that
the Pope should name the hierarchy, as that Catholics
should have the right to posseis one—a right as neces-
se?ry for them as for the Wesleyans that of having con-
ferences with superintendents.
" But it may be said, what induced the Pope to an-
point this hierarchy now, and in so sudden a manner ?
" For an answer to this queition. I must refer you to
my introduction, in which you will find. I trust, a satis-
factory orre. You will sea that the Pope has finally
granted now to his Catholic children in England, what
they had petitioned for, and obtained three years ago ;
and that if half the attention had been paid to our affairs
then, which they receive now, the public would have
known all about it. I will only repeat what I have there
observed ; that, in what has been done, the Pope has
entirely acted, not only in accordance with the wishes,
but at the earnest petitions of his vicars-apostolic, and has
seconded a warm desire of the great body of Catholics in
England.
" Let me then sum up briefly what I have proved
thus far.
" 1. Catholics are not bound to obey, or to consider as
their bishops, those appointed by the Crown, under the
royal ecclesiastical supremacy, which legally they are not
bound to hold.
" 2. Catholics belong to a religion fully tolerated, and
enjoying perfect liberty of conscience, which is episcopal,
and requires bishops for its government.
" 3. There is no law that forbids them to have such
bishops, according to their proper and ordinary form.
" 4. That form is, with ordinary jurisdiction, local
sees, and titles derived from them; that is a hierarchy.
" 5. They are fully justified in employing the only
means in their power to obtain this form of ecclesiastical
government—that is, by applying to the Holy See.
" 6. And they have not acted contrary to any law, by
accepting the gracious concession of what they asked.
" But it will be said that though we, the Catholics,
may have kept within the bounds of law, the act of the
Pope is derogatory from, and contrary to, the royal pre-
rogative. L-t us see.

u

1

" SECT. IV.-DOES THE APPOINTMENT OF A CATHOLIC
HIERARCHY TRENCH ON THE PREROGATIVE OF THE

CROWN?

" This is indeed a delicate question; and yet it must
be met. Every address and every reply of bishops
and clergy assumes that the royal prerogative has been
assailed.
But this is nothing compared with th address to
her Majesty, signed by some hundred members of the
bar, to the effect that, by this measure, a foreign poten-
tate has interfered with her Majesty's undoubted prero-
gative, and has assumed the right of nominating arch-
bishops and bishops in these realms, and of conferring
on them territorial rank and jurisdiction.'
" One naturally supposes that those who signed this
memorial, being professionally learned in the law, have
studied the question—have come to a deliberate conclu-
sion as to the truth of their assertion. On ordinary oc-
casions one would bow to so overwhelming an authority:
on the present, I think we shall not be wrong in de-
murring to its award.
" There is one point which I would beg respectfully
to suggest to tha consideration of persons better versed
in law than I am.

" In this document, and in many other similar ones,
including the Premier's letter, the Pope's acts are
spoken of as real, and taking effect. The Pope has ' as-
sumed a right,' he ' has parcelled out the land;' he has
namei archbishops and bishops.' If, according to the
oath taken by the non-Catholics, the Pops not only
ought not to have, bat really has' not power or juris-
diction, spiritual or ecclesiastical' in these realms; it
follows, that, according to them, the Pope's ecclesias-
tical acts with regard ti England are mere nullities, and
are reputed to have no existence. It is as though the
Pope h-id not spok-n, and had not issued any document.
To act otherwise is to recognise an efficient act of
power on his oart.

"I am confirme.d in this view by Lord John Russell's
explanation of the Protest tot oath. The oaths now
taken arc not altered. We shall continue to take the
oath, that " the Pope has not," &,,%; though at the same
time ttore is no &tint, in point of fact, that he exercises
a spiritual authority in the,ie realms. I have always in-
terpreted. the oath to be. that, in the opinion of the per-
son taking it, the Pope has not any jurisdiction which
can b 3 enforced by law, or ought not to have.l Accord-
ing to this test, the Pope (permissively, at least) does
spiritual jurisdiction in England, and is
within the limits of that toleration, so l•nig as he does
not exercise a jurisdiction which cm be enf)rced by law,
or purporting or claiming to be a jurisdiction enf,reiblo
by law. Nu v, no one for a moment imagine 3 that the
or the Catholics of England, or their bishops
dre,on that the appointment of the hirearchy be 'en-
forced by law." They believe it to be an act altogether
Ignore 1 by law; an act of spiritual jurisdiction, only to
be enforced upon the consciences of those who 2cknow-
le Ige the Pa?.ii. supremacy, by their conviction and their
faith.

" Has this assu option of titles ben within the terms
of the law? Is there any law forbidding the assumption
of the title of bishop? A certain Dr. Dillon assumed it,
and ordained what he called Presbyters, and no one
thought of prosecuting him. The Moravians have bishops
all over England; and so have the Irvingites, or Apos-
tolical,; yet no one taxes them with illegality. Then
our taking the title of bishops merely constitutes no
illegality. Is there nny law that forbids our taking tho
title from any place not being a see of an Anglican
bishop? No one can say that there is.
_ _

- Then
T I ask those more learned in the law than my-
self, can an act of a subject of her Most Gracious Ma-
jesty, which by law he is perfectly competent to do, Do
an infringement of her royal prerogative? If not, then
I trust that we may corclude, that by this new creation
of Catholic bishops that prerogative has not bean
violated.

"No ens doubts that the bishops so appointed are
Roman Catholic bishops, to role over Roman Catholic
flocks. Does the Crown claim the right, under its pre-
rogative, of naming such bishops?
It will he said that no limitation of jurisdiction is
made in the Papal document, no restriction of its exer-
cise to Catholics; and hence Lord Joha Russell and
others conclude, that there in this a pretension
to supremacy over ;lin realm of England, and a claim
to sole and undivided sway.' Every official document
has its pr"per,forms; and had those who blame the
tenor of this, taken any pains to examine those of Papal
documents, they would have found nothing new or unu-
sual in this. Whether the Pope appoin.s a person
Vicar-Apostolic or Bishop in ordinary, in either case
he assigns him a territorial ecclesiastical jurisdiction,
awl gives him nn personal limitations. This is the prac-
tice of every church which bdieves in its own truth,

arid itathity of conversion. What has been done it;

thin brief, 13,;s been dune in every one ever issued,
whether t,) create a hierarchy or to appoint a biAory.

" SEC. V.-11Ais THE MODE OF ESTABLISHING THE BIER—

ARCHY BEEN ' INSOLENT AND INsIDIORS ?'

" The words in this title are extracted from the too
memorable letter of the First Lord of the Treasury. I
am wiling to consider that production as a private net,
end not ai any manifesto of the intentions of her Ms-
kle,ty's Government. Unfortunately, it is difficult to ab-
stract one's mind from the high and responsible situation

of the writer, or consider him as unpledged by anything
that he puts forth. There are parts of the letter on
which I would here refrain from commenting, because
they might lead me aside, in sorrow, if not in anger, from
the drier path of my present duty. I will leave it to
others, therefore, to dwell upon many portions of that
letter, upon the closing paragraph in particular, which
pronounces a sentence, as awfully unjust as it was un-
called for, on the religion of many millions of her Ma-
jesty's subjects, nearly all Ireland, and some of our most
fl,urishing colonies. The charge, uttered in the ear of
th island, in which all guarantees for genuine and pure
Catholic education will of necessity be considered, in
future, as guarantees for confining the intellect and
enslaving the soul,' all securities for the Catholio reli-
gion as security for the mummeries of super-
stition,' in the mind of their giver—guarantees and
securities which can hardly be believed to be h.artily
offered—the charge thus made, in a voice that has been

applauded by the Protestantism of England, produces in
the Catholic heart a feeling tso sickly and too deadening
for indignation; a dismal despair, at finding that, where
we have honoured, and supported, and followed for
years, we may be spurned and cast off, the first moment
that popularity demands us as its price, or bigotry as its

" But to proceed; so little was I, on my part, aware
that such feeling as that !etter disclosed existed in the
head of our Government, on the subject of the hierarchy,
that having oc,..‘cion tc vcri,e to his Lordship on some
hn .in,!sv, I took the liberty of continuing my letter as
fellow:— " Vienna, Nov. 3, 1830.
" My Lord,

, I cannot I,llt mcwt deop7y regrA the erroneous, and
even di,tortod view wl;ieh the English papers have pre-
seated of v, hat th 9 Hurl Sfe has done in regard to the
epiritnul i•overrrnent of the Catholics of England. But
Nke the of tatirg that the meamire now pro-
rnulqate.i MIS not only prepared, but printed, three years
af., aril a aor.v g•f it vas shown to Lord linto by the
Pope, on cccarsion cf an audience given to his Lordship
ly Holirea9. I have no right to intrude upon your
Lordship ur.lier in this mailer beyond offering to give
any explanations that your Lordship may desire, in full
c,,r,fidence that, it will he in my power to remove parti-
cul,stly the ~ffendve int..rpret'...ti put upon the late act
o rho Hely the it was !.ugrz.h.siLd by politlcal views,
or by any feelings.
" • Awl regard to mytelf, I beg to add, that I am
invested. virTh a purely ecclesiastical dignity—that I have
b,i vecuiar or temporal de'Pgatioa whatever—that my

Hansard, vol. laxxviii., p. 362.
Hansard, vol. lxxxv., p. 1,261.
vol. lxxxviii. p. 363.

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