The Sun.
London, England, 1868-01-01 00:00:00

THE LATE .EJIPEIIOR MAXLIHLIAN.

A letter from Vera Cruz, dated Nov. 27, gives
an account of the delivery of thu body of the late
Emperor Maximilian to Admiral Tegethoff, by the
mayor of Vera Cruz. The writer says:—`• The
body reached the place on Vie 2Citli inst , at 3 p.m.,
under a strong escort of cavalry, the commander of
the escort having in his charge a sealed parcel,
containing the key of the cotlin, which he was
instructed to place in the lands of the
mayor of the city. The body was con-
ducted to and deposited in the parish einveli,
where the mayor, the members of the city coun-
cil, the members of the Boards of health and cha-
rity, and the principal local authorities were assem-
bled. The church was then ordered to be cleared by
the police. and sentries placed at the doors to pre-
vent any one from entering. The Admiral nex t
was informed that everything was ready for the
delivery. He shortly appeared with his Staff, all
dressed in plain clothes and in deep mourning. The
operation then commenced of opening a large deal
case, which was found to contain another case of
zinc. The latter was next opened, and a beautiful
rosewoo I coffin, on the top of which was a large and
elegantly carved cross (all the work of Mexican arti-
zans) was seen. The mayor then broke the seals of
the parcel containing the key, which was of gold, and
presented it to the person in charge. The hinges of
the coffin lid were also of gold. The coffin being
opened, the body was exposed to view at full length.
The corpse was dressed in a full suit of black, and
the hands in black kid gloves. The face was per-
fect, and, although of the ashy brown colour as-
sumed by all embalmed bodies a few months after
the operation has been performed, was easily recog-
nisable by any one who had ever seen the Emperor
in life. The coffin was lined throughout with vel-
vet, and the body well cushioned in to prevent any
movement, so that the head, hands, &c., were
evidently in the same position in which they had
been placed originally. The Admiral was then
called upon to say whether he recognised in the body
present the corpse of Ferdinand Maximilian, Arch-
duke of Austria, and whether he would receive it
as such. Replying in the affirmative, the coffin
was again closed, and the key lunded to him.
An official record was then drawn up in triplicate,
witnessed by three public notaries--one copy being
for the Mexican GoVernment, one for the Admiral,
and one to be deposited in the archives of the city.
The document was signed by the Admiral and his
Staff,' the mayor, and all the authorities present.
Everybody then withdrew, leaving the corpse in the
church, the doors of which were well guarded by
Mexican infantry until the next morning. It was
then quietly embarked without any military honours,
and taken on board the Austrian frigate Novara,
the very vessel which brought the Emperor to the
country. She put to sea immediately afterwards,
The coffin was furnished at the expense of the
1 Mexican Government, by which all the expenses of
transferring the body to Vera Cruz were also de-
I frayed."

ETON COLLEGE —The Hey. James John Hornby,
M.A., Brasenose, Oxford, Second Master of Winchester
College, was yesterday elected Head Master of Eton
College. •
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L-1112WSPAPAii,
VICTOR:HUGO AND L(JU :
• •
The Belgian papers contain a. jritlp ":•‘:, •
following is a translation : css4? -4'
" RITYBLIS.' "Zealri /
"The Empire has just made up its
blas."Ruyblas 'is proscribed. The prokiipticaof
work is added to the proscription of the author. It would • •
appear that the judgment which'-strikes Ruyblas ' was
come to on the 2nd of December. `On that day commenced
the seventeenth year of Victor Hugo's exile. We publish
the two letters written on that occasion:—
" ` To M. victor Hugo, Guernsey.
"' Imperial Theatre of the Od6on, Prris, •
with December, 1067.
" Sir,—l have just reeeived an of!icial intimation that
the representation of " Ruyblas" is interdicts Under
the case of force majeure resulting from this interdiction,
our agreement beco:ncs null and void, and I regret to in-
form you of the fact. Be pleased t) accept the assurance
of my high respect.
`" The Director of the 016on4leatre.
" °MUT.'
" Here is Victor Hugo's reply :
" To M. Louis Bonaparte, mix. Tuileries.
" Sir,— I acknowleOge receipt of the letter whiCh the
director of the "Imperial Oddon Theatre " has written to
me. " Vturon

" ' Hautcville House. Bth Dec., 18X)7.' "
Guernsey Star.

APPRENTICES AND TRADES' UNIO.:YS..:

The 211-anewstei• Examincr has been requested to r Allah
the following correspondence :
"94, Rochdale-road, Manchester, Dec. 19, ISIS 7.
" Dear Sir,—Reading your evening speech at Oldham,
I met with the following passage In some parts of the
country employers are told they must not employ more
than so many apprentices—what is the meaning of that? ,
It is to limit and hamper the employer in the pay:nent of
wages, by prescribing to the employer the class -of work- ' •
men he must employ.'
" If you would kindly permit me to answer your query,
I should say that when men employed in a certain •
trade find that the market for their special labour is
overcrowded, and that many competent men are irlable
to find employment, it is to limit in some degree the
`supply' to the demand,' by preventing masters
keeping any number of apprentices they may please at a
trade that is already flooded. It is, in short, to carry
out the rule, Self-preservation is the first law of na-
ture.' Then, sir, I think it should be remembered
that, though masters undertake to teach apprentices their
business, this instruction is generally imparted by the
workmen, who have, therefore, a right to say, ' In view
of the overstocked state of the trade, we will only learn so
many apprentices their business.' Being an apprentice in
a trade where there are thousands of men out of work, the
effects that would follow from throwing the trade open, I
venture to think, would be to lower the present rate of
wages, to increase the number of unemployed, and to
make it more ' difficult for apprentices themselves, when
they become journeymen, obtaining employment.
" I trust you will excuse the liberty I have taken in thus
writing, but I felt that it was necessary that you should
hear both sides of the question.'—l remain, respectfully,
yours, " WILLIAM DAIIRAH.
" W. E. Gladstone, Esq., M.P."

" Hawarden, Dec. 23, 1867.
"Dear Sir,—lt is difficult for me to correspond indivi-
dually with those who may notice anything said by
me in public ; but I fear you might misunderstand my
silence.

" I therefore write to say my proposition is that all
limitations on the number of apprentices are a direct attack
upon the property of the working class, by diminishing the
amount paid for their labour.
" Apprentices would be employed only when their
labour was more efficient ; the employer getting (relatively
to cost) more efficient labour, would employ more of it,
and pay more for it. If we consider them as paid it
instruction, a larger number of skilled labourers would bo
reared, and the labour of adults would be more effective
from having combined with it that amount of apprentice
labour which freedom of choice would dictate. .
" I have seen what I consider deplorable cases in this
country of bad production, trade kept abroad, and cries of
protection at the expense of the community, all closely
connected with this system of limiting, by arbitrary rule,
the labour of the young.
" I apprehend there are also, iu some or many trades,
rules against piece-work, and rules preventing the best
meu from doing all the work they' can in a given time.
Such rules are utterly fatal, as far as they go, to the wel-
fare of the labouring classes, who nutlet:lit:oily in these
matters sin much more against themselves than against
the rest of the community.—l am, dear sir, yours
obediently, " W. E. GLADSTONE.
" Mr. W. Darrah.

'4tko4fgaa,,

" You are at liberty to deal with this letter as you may
filik fit."

THE PUBLIC HEALTH.

The weekly return of the Registrar-General states that
in the week that ended on Saturday, December 23, 3,679
births and 3,130 deaths were registered in London and in
12 other large towns of the United Kingdom. The annual
rate of mortality was 2G per 1,000 persons living. The
annual rate of mortality last week was 24 per 1,009
in
London, 30 in Edinburgh, and 22 in Dublin ; 21 in Bristol,
29 in Birmingham, 32 in Liverpool, 32 in Manchester,
23 in Salford, 29 in Sheffield, 25 in Leeds, 25 in Hull, 27
in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and 32 in Glasgow. In London
the births of 887 boys and 814 girls, in all 1,701 children,
were registered in the week. In the corresponding weeks
of ten years 1857-65 the average number, corrected for
increase of population, is 1,918. The deaths registered
in London during the week were 1,433. It was the
fifty-second week of the year, and the average number of
deaths for that week is, with a correction for increase
of population, 1,595. The deaths in the present return
are less by 162 .than the estimated number. Six hundred
and eighty-two persons died under 23 years of age, 197
were 20 and under 40, 227 were 40 and under 60, 259 were
GO and under 80, and CS ,-ere 80 years of age and upwards.
Zymotic diseases destroyed the lives of 280 persons, 237
of whom were under 20 years of age. Whooping-cough
was the most fatal disease in the zymotic class, and caused
the deaths of 55 children. Fifty deaths occurred from
measles, 30 from scarlatina, 17 from smallpox, 12 from
diphtheria, 52 from typhus, and 11 from diarrhoea.
On the first four days of the week the mean temperature
was above, and on the last three below the average. The
highest day toinperature was 49'9 deg., on Sunday, the
22nd of December. The lowest night temperature was
20.4 deg., on Monday, the 23rd of Decernber. The mean
degree of humidity of the air was 04, complete saturation
being represented by 100, which point was attained on
Thursday, the 25th of December. According to a return
furnished by the engineer of the Metropolitan Board of
Works, the average daily quantity of sewage pumped into
the River Thames at the Southern Outfall Works, Ceers-
ilea, was 41,382,335 gallons, or 188,02 J cubic metres
equivalent to about as many tons by weight.