The Sun.
London, England, 1868-03-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING; MARCH 26, 1868.

PROGRESS OF IMPEACHMENT.

On the 29th of February Mr. Howard, who on
the preceding day reported a series of rules for con-
ducting the impeachment trial, read them to the
Senate. A discussion followed on a motion of Mr.
Davis to recommit the report to the Commitcoe, in-
structing them that the Senate could not sit as a
High Court of Impeachment while Senators from
the States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas,
Arkansas, and Mississippi were not present, and it
appears that one of the States named has selected
Senators to represent them in the Senate of the
United States. The rules were further discussed
on March 2. During the debate Mr. Sherman ob-
served that a grave doubt existed as to whether the
Chief Justice, who would preside at the trial, had
the right to vote, or only to pronounce the decisions
of the Court, and, as bearing on this Mr. Howard
said when the House of Lords sat as a High Court
of Impeachment the Lord Chancellor or Lord High
Steward presided, but they had no vote, by virtue
of being presiding officers, but could only vote if
they were peers, and the rule was amended in ac-
cordance with this objection, all of them being
finally settled, the House sitting till half-past
ten that night for the purpose. On the 3d of
March Mr. Macpherson, clerk of the House of Re-
presentatives, appeared to announce the passage
by the House of the Articles of Impeachment, with
the names of the Managers, who had directed these
articles to be exhibited to the Senate in mainten-
ance of the Impeachment. The Secretary of the
Senate was ordered to inform the Representatives
that the Senate was ready to receive the Managers
appointed to carry to the Senate the Articles of
Impeachment against Andrew Johnson.
On the4th March the President of the Senate pre-
sented the following communication from the Chief
Justice of the United States, which, on Mr. Howard's
motion, was ordered to be printed and referred to
the Select Committee :
To the Senate of the United States—lnasmuch as the
sole rower to try Impeachment is vested by the Constitu-
tion in the Senate, and it is made the duty of the Chief
Justice to preside when the President is on trial, I take
the liberty of submitting very respectfully some observa-
tions in respect to the proper mode of proceeding upon the
Impeachment which has been preferred by the House of
Representatives against the President now in office. That
when the Senate sits for the trial of an Impeachment it
sits as a Court, seems unquestionable. That for the trial
of an Impeachment of the President this Court must be
constituted of the members of the Senate, the Chief Justice
presiding, seems equally unquestionable. The Federalist
is regarded as the highest contemporary authority on the
construction of the Constitution ; and in the sixty-fourth
number the functions of the Senate sitting in their judicial
capacity as a court for the trial of Impeachment are
examined. In a paragraph explaining the reasons for not
uniting the Supreme Court with the Senate in the forma-
tion of the Court of Impeachment, it is observed that to a
certain extent the benefits of that union will be ob-
tained by making the Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court the President of the Court of Impeachment, as is
proposed in the plan of Convention, while the incon-
venience of an entire incorporation of the former into the
latter will be substantially avoided. This was perhaps
the prudent mean. This authority seems to leave no
doubt upon either of the propositions just stated ; and
the statement of them will serve to introduce the
question upon which I think it my duty to state the
result of my reflections to the Senate, namely. At
what period of the case of the Impeachment of the
President, should the Court of Impeachment be orga.
nized under oath, as directed by the Constitution?
It will readily suggest itself to any one who reflects upon
the abilities and the learning in the law which distinguish
so many Senators, that, besides the reason assigned in the
Federalist, there must have been still another for the pro-
vision requiring the Chief Justice to preside in the Court
of Impeachment. Under the Constitution, in the case of a
vacancy in the office of President, the Vice-President suc-
ceeds, and it was doubtless thought prudent and befitting
that the next in succession should not preside in a proceed-
ing through which a vacancy might he created. It is not
doubted that the Senate, while sitting in its ordinary ca-
pacity, must necessarily receive from the House of Repre-
sentatives some notice of its intention to impeach the Pre-
sident at its Bar; but it does not seem to me an un-
warranted opinion, in view of this constitutional provision,
that the organization of the Senate as a Court of Impeach-
ment, under the Constitution, should precede the actual
announcement of the impeachment on the part of the
House ; and it may perhaps be thought a still less unwar-
rantable opinion, that Articles of Impeachment, that no
summons or other process should issue except from the
organized court; and that rules for the government of the
proceedings of such a court should be framed only by the
Court itself. I have found myself unable to come to any
other conclusions than those. I can assign no reason fur
requiring the Senate to organize as a court under any
other than its ordinary presiding officer, for the later pro-
ceeding upon an impeachment of the President, which
does not seem to me to apply equally to the earlier. lam
informed that the Senate proceeded upon other views;
and it is not my purpose to contest what its superior wis-
dom may have directed. All good citizens will fervently
pray that no occasion may ever arise when the grave pro-
ceedings now in progress will be cited as a precedent ; but
it is not impossible that such an occasion may come. In-
asmuch, therefore, as the Constitution charged the Chief
Justice with important functions in the trial of an im-
peachment of the President, it does seem to me fitting and
obligatory, where he is unable to concur in the views of
the Senate concerning matters essential to the trial, that
his respectful dissent should appear.

S. P. thus;
Chief Justice of the United States.
Washington, March 4, 1868.
At ten o'clock the Sergeant-at-Arms announced
the managers of Impeachment from the House of
Representatives, who, by direction of the President,
advanced within the bar and took the seats pro-
vided for them in front of the President's desk.
The Representatives who accompanied them ranged
themselves is a semi-circle behind the outer row of
seats, and a chair was assigned to Speaker Colfax
by the side of the President of the Senate. Mr.
Thornton, accompanied by Mr. Ford, was
among the spectators in the gallery of the Senate
Chamber, which was filled with Foreign Ministers
and Consuls. The House was deserted. The Re-
presentatives being grouped in a body under the
gallery of the Chamber. Mr. Bingham, chair-
man of the managers, said—The managers of
the House of Representatives, by order of the
House, are ready at the bar of the Senate to
present Articles of Impeachment in support of the
impeachment against Andrew Johnson, President
of the United States. The President pro tem. said—
"The Sergeant-at-Arms will make proclamation."
The Sergeant-at-Arms—" Hear ye ! Hear ye I
Hear ye ! All persons are commanded to keep
silence, on pain of imprisonment, while the
House of Representatives is exhibiting to the Se-
nate of the United States Articles of Impeachment
against Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States." Mr. Bingham, unrolling his scroll, then
proceeded—" Mr. President : Articles of Impeach-
ment exhibited to the House of Representa-
tives of the United States, in the name of themselves
and of all the people of the United States, in main-
tenance of the impeachment against Andrew John-
son, President of the United States." The- Articles
were then read by Mr. Bingham, the managers
all standing with the exception of Mr. Stevens,
on account of ill health, which, shorn of legal
technicalities, are as follows :—" Art. 1. That
the President on the 21st of February issued
an order for the removal of Edwin M. Stan-
ton from the War-office, in violation of the
Tenure-of-Office Act' and the Constitution. Art.
2. That on the same day he appointed Lorenzo
Thomas, Secretary of War, ad interim, in violation
of the same law. Art. 3. That he appointed Lo-
renzo Thomas, Secretary of War, ad interim, while
the Senate was in Session, and without its advice
and consent in violation of the Constitution,
no vacancy having occurred in said office during the
recess of the Senate, and there being no vacancy
existing at that time. Art. 4. That the President
conspired with one Lorenzo 'Thomas, and with other
persons unknown to the House, to hinder Edwin M.
Stanton from holding the office of Secretary of War,
in violation of the Conspiracy Act,' passed July
31, 1861. Art. 5. That the President conspired
with one Lorenzo Thomas and others to hinder and
prevent the execution of Tenure-of-Office Act,'
and in pursuance of this conspiracy attempted to
prevent Edwin M. Stanton from holding the office
of Secretary of War. Art. 6. 'that the President
conspired with one Lorenzo Thomas to seize, take,
and possess by force the property of the United
States in the War Departtnent,ia violation of the 'Con-
spiracy Act' and the Tenure-of-Office Act.' Art. 7.
'this is the same as Article 6, but the phrase-
ology is changed, and the offence is charged as a

violation of the g Tenure-of-Office Act' only. Art. '
8. That the President, with the intent unlawfully
to control the disbursements of money appropriated
for the military service, and in violation of the
Tenure-of-Office Act' and the Constitution, ap-
pointed Lorenzo Thomas Secretary of War, ad
interim. Art. 9. That the President, on February
22, in disregard of the Constitution and laws, as
Commander-in-Chief of the army, instructed Gene-
ral Emory, in command of Washington, that the
part of the law of March 2, 1867, which provides
that all orders and instructions relating to mili-
tary operations issued by the President or Secretary
of War shall be issued through the General of the
Army (Grant), and, in case of his inability, through
the next in rank,' was unconstitutional, and not
binding on Emory as an army officer, with intent
to induce him to violate the said law, and obey
such orders as the President might give, without
issuing them through the General of the Army."
Art. 10. Moved by General Butler, and at first re-
jected but afterwards adopted, charges the Presi-
dent with the escopades of his celebrated tour in
1866, alleging that at various times he did " make
and declare with a loud voice certain intemperate,
inflammatory, and scandalous harangues, and did
therein utter loud threats and bitter menaces, as
well against Congress as the laws of the United
States duly enacted thereby, amid the cries, jeers,
and laughter of the multitudes then assembled in
hearing." Art. 11 was offered by Mr. Bingham,
which charges the President with having, on the
the 18th August, 1866, publicly declared that the
39th Congress of the United States was not lawful,
being only a Congress of a part of the States, and
that, in pursuance of this opinion, had ende tvoured
to prevent the execution of the Tenure-of-Office
Act. Art. 12, for we learn by the cable that the
Articles have been increased to twelve, was pro-
bably one proposed ineffectually by Mr. Jenckes,
of Rhode Island, but after mature reflection adopted
by the Representatives, as Reverdy Johnson and
other lawyers of note considered it essential, as it
charges the President with criminal intent in his
operations a charge not embraced in the Articles
as they stood. The President said " The
Senate will take due order on the subject, of
which notice will be given to the House of
Representatives," when the managers and mem-
bers. retired. Oa the following day, after the
expiry of morning hour, Chief Justice Chase,
in full robes, and with the dignity he is
so well qualified to assume, entered the Cham-
ber on the arm of Mr. Pomeroy, followed by
Messrs. Wilson and Buckalew, and other mem-
bers of the House. Mr. Wade announced
that business would be suspended toproceedwith the
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, President of the
United States, and for the purpose the Chair would
be vacated. On this, the Chief Justice, advancing,
took the chair and said—" Senators, I am here in
obedience to your notice for the purpose of pro-
ceeding with you in forming a Court of Impeach-
ment for the trial of Andrew Johnson, President of
the United States. I am now ready to take the
oath." Associate Justice Nelson then adminis-
tered the following oath to the Chief Justice
" I do solemnly swear that in all things appertain-
ing to the trial of the Impeachment of Andrew
Johnson, President of the United States, now
pending, I will do impartial justice according to
the Constitution and the laws, so help me God." The
Chief Justice—" The oath will now be administered
to the Senators iu succession." The roll was then
called by the clerk, and the Senators came forward
and were sworn before the Chief Justice, the same
oath being taken by all except Mr. Wade.
They repeated the words of the oath after the
Chief Justice, the Bible, lying on the table between,
not being used. Some Senators leant forward and
spoke with great earnestness, others stood erect and
pronounced the oath flippantly. Among the former
was Senator Fessenden, who repeated the words
with great solemnity. The manner of all was
eagerly watched, as indicative of their leaning. When
Mr. Wade's name was called, and that gentleman
was advancing to take the oath, Mr. Hendricks
rose and said he would submit to the presiding
officer of the Senate a question." The Senator just
called is the presiding officer of this body, and will,
under the Constitution and the laws, become the
President of the United States should the impeach-
ment to be tried be sustained. The Constitution pro-
vides that in case of the trial of the President of the
United States, the Vice-President shall not be qua-
lified to preside over the trial. I now submit to the
consideration of the presiding officer and the Senate,
whether, by being a Senator and representing a
State, it is competent for bun to take the oath and
to become a part of the court. The Constitution
does not allow the Vice-
President to participate in
the proceedings similar to this, by reason of the fact
of his becoming the successor of the President, and,
therefore, having a direct interest in the result.
The point is whether the Senator from Ohio, who
now holds the same position relatively as the
Vice-President, and has the same interest in the
result, as would naturally be felt by that officer,
is now competent to take the oath prescribed
by the Constitution, and to sit on this trial."
Mr. Sherman considered the question answered by
the Constitution, which entitles every State to two
Senators. After further discussion, the Chief Jus-
tice (rising) said, " The Senator from Ohio had pre-
sented himself to take the oath, when he was met
by an objection of the Senator from Indiana (Mr.
Hendricks), that it was not competent for him to
sit in judgment upon this case. Pending that ob-
jection the Senator from Maryland (Mr. Johnson)
moved that the question be temporarily set aside,
and that the other Senators following the name of
the Senator from Ohio be sworn in. That was the
question now before the Court." On the motion of
Mr. Greaves the Court was adjourned, but not
without the question arising whether the adjourn-
ment of the Court carried with it that of the
Senate, which was finally settled by the
Court adjourning, the Chief Justice retiring, and
Mr. Wade resuming the chair and calling the Senate
to order, but without transacting any business, it
adjourned.
The House of Representatives on the 2d March
adopted the Articles of Impeachment, each Article
being read seperately, and on each the vote was
taken. Nearly all the Articles were passed votes
as follows :—Yeas—Messrs. Allison, Ames, Ander-
son, Arnell, Ashley, of Nevada; Ashley, of Ohio ;
Bailey, Baldwin, Banks, Beaman, Beatty, Ben-
ton, Bingham, Blaine, Blair, Boutwell, Brom -
well, Broomall, Buckland, Butler, Churchill,
Clarke, of Ohio; Clarke, of Kansas ; Cobb,
Coburn, Cook, Cornell, Covode, Cullum, Dawes,
Dixon, Dodge, Donnelly, Driggs, Eggleston,
Eliot, Farnsworth, Ferriss, Ferry, Fields,
Garfield, Gravely, Griswold, Halsey, Par-
ding, Higby, Hill, Hooper, Hopkins, Hub-
bard, Western Virginia ; Hulburd, Hunter, In-
gersoll, Jenckes, Judd, Juhan, Kelley, Kelsey,
Ketcham, Kitchen, Koontz, Laffin, Lawrence,
Pennsylvania ; Lawrence, of Ohio ; Lincoln, Loan,
Logan, Longridge, Lynch, Mallory, Marvin,
M'Carthy, M'Clure, Mercur, Miller, Moore, Mor-
rell, Muffling, Myers, Newcomb, Nunn, ONeill,
Orth, Paine, Perham, Peters, Pike, Plants,
Poland, Polsley, Pomeroy, Price, Rana), Ro-
bertson, Sawyer, Shenck, Scofield, Shanks, Smith,
Spalding, Starkweather, Stevens, Stokes, Taffe,
Taylor, Thomas, Trimble, of Tennessee; Trow-
bridge,
Twichell, Upson, Van Aernam, Van Horn
of New York; Van Horn, Mo. ; Van Wyck,
Ward, Washburn, of Wisconsin ; Washburn, of
Illinois; Washburn, of Mass. ; Welker, Williams,
of Pa. ; Wilson, of lowa ; Wilson, of Ohio ; Wil-
son, of Pa. ; Windom, Wocdbridge-125. Nays__
Messrs. Adams, Archer, Axtell, Barnum, Beck,
Boyer, Brooks, Burr, Cary, Chanter, Eldridge, Fox,
Getz, Glossbrenner, Golladay, Grover, Haight, Hol-
man, Hotchkiss, Hubbard, of Connecticut ; Hum-
phrey, Johnson, Jones, Kerr, Knott, Marshal,
McCormick, Morgan, Mungen, Niblack, Nicholson,
Pruyn, Randall, Ross, Stewart, Stone, Taber,
Trimble, Van Auken, Van Trump, and Wood-
ward-41. The ninth. (formerly the tenth) was
adopted by 108 to 46, but no vote was taken on the
Articles as a whole. The Speaker then called for
the election of Managers, and Poland, of Vermont,
nominated the seven. The tellers, being appointed
by the Speaker, took their station in front of the
clerk's desk, and, as each Republican's nal= was

called, lie came forward and deposited his ballot.
The D emocratic members asked to be excused from
voting, but though objection was raised, they una-
nimously refused to cast their ballots. Whole num-
ber of votes cast, 118 ; necessary to a choice, 60.
For Mr. Bingham, 114 ; Mr. Boutwell, 113 ; Mr.
Butler, 10:8 ; Mr. Wilson, 112 ; Mr. Logan, 106 ;
Mr. Williams, 107 ; Mr. Stevens, 105 ; and they
were declared elected Managers. On the 3d Mr.
Butler brought forward an Article which he had
failed to carry on the previous day, charging the Presi-
dent with the speeches abusive of Congress ; and Mr.
Bingham offered another Article to be known as
the eleventh, alleging further disrespectful speeches
of the President, which were adopted without a
debate.

THE DESPATCHES OF MR. C. F. ADAMS.
(No. II.)

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
_ _

One of the most difficult questions with which
Mr. Adams had to deal was the use made of British
territory by the insurgents for hostile enterprises
against the United States. The settled purpose of
the Southern emissaries was to involve Great
Britain in the war. They had abundance of agents
daring to a reckless degree, who by fomenting a
bitter feeling in the States bordering on Canada
hoped to provoke a retaliation which might pre-
cipitate Great Britain into the struggle. The
people of the United States were exasperated to
the highest degree by the losses their commerce
had sustained from the depredations of cruisers fitted
out in England, and the inhabitants of the border
cities and villages were kept in a similar state of
alarm by the machinations of the Confederates in
Canada, as the Canadians have lately been by the
Fenians in the United States. The Government
at Washington naturally brought a great pressare
to bear, through Mr. Adams, on the British Go-
vernment. It became the Minister's duty to re-
monstrate with all the strength he could judiciously
use, yet so to accomplish this as not to hazard a
rupture, which would have been to the last degree
prejudicial to the interests of his country. In a
despatch to Lord Russell, dated Nov. 23, 1864, the
events that had lately occurred along he border
are given in a clear and consecutive narrative. The
steamer Philo Parsons sailed for Detroit on the 19th
September, with 40 passengers. At Maldon, on
the Canada side twenty men came on board with
a trunk, containing as afterwards ascertained re-
volvers and hatchets. She was subsequently joined
by four more. In the afternoon the vessel was
seized and headed eastward, until it was ascer-
tained there was not sufficient fuel, when she put
back to Middle Bass Island, where the steamer Island
Queen came alongside, which was immediately seized.
Several shots were fired, and the engineer of the island
Queen was wounded, another of the crew was cut in
the bead, and several persons knocked down. After
landing the passengers of both vessels, the Philo
Parsons towed the _lsland Queen into the lake, where
she was scuttled by cutting her supply pipe, when she
drifted on a shoal. The Philo Parsons arrived the
next morning at Maldon, sending a few miles above
that port a boat load of plunder to the Canadian
shore. The crews of both steamers were landed at
Fighting Island, six miles further up, and at Sand-
wich a pianoforte, some trunks, and cabin furni-
ture were conveyed to the dock. She was then scut-
tled and cast off, but before sinking she was taken
possession of by the mate, who came up in the
Pearl, and had her towed to Detroit. The primary
object was to release the insurgent officers on
Johnson Island. His Excellency alleges, his Go-
vernment had proof that Jacob Thomson was com-
missioned and provided with funds to organize and
set in motion a body of insurgents in Canada to
effect the object. Scarcely had the alarm occa-
sioned by this subsided, when a new and more
atrocious outrage occurred. An armed band of 25
desperate men proceeded in small parties by stage
coach to St. Albans, Vermont, from Canada, where
at a concerted time they broke into banks and other
offices, and carried off $225,000 with other valuable
property The raiders, mounted on stolen horses,
were pursued towards the frontier by the inhabi-
tants, and with the co-operation of the Canadian
Municipal agents, twelve were taken into custody
by the Canadian police, and stripped of their
plunder, which was promptly restored to its owners.
Mr. Adams then proceeds to inform the British
Government that in view of these circumstanc !,s two
steam propellers had been directed to be fitted out by
his Government, one upon Lake Erie, and the other
on Lake Ontario, to check depredations on the trade
cr attacks upon the population connected with those
waters. In consequence of the further outrage at
St. Albans, he is instructed to give formal notice
that in conformity with the treaty reservation of
April, 1817, of the right, at the expiration of six
months from the date of this note—the United States
will deem themselves at liberty to increase the Naval
armament upon the Lakes, if, in their judgment,
the condition of affairs in that quarter shall require
it. "In taking this step," Mr. Adams writes, " I
am desired to assure your lordship that it is resorted
to only as an indispensable measure to the national
defence, and so far from being in a spirit of hostility,
that it springs from a wish no less earnest than
heretofore to preserve the most friendly relations
with Great Britain. I take pleasure in adding that
it is the fixed purpose of my Government, in every
case, to direct its energies to the prevention of all
attempts to invade the British territory, whether
by way of retaliation or otherwise. The questions
that grow out of the present anomalous state of
things are deemed of no less importance to the in-
terests of her Majesty's possessions than they are to
the people of the United States. The failure to
maintain a rigid neutrality on the Canadian border
at this day may become a fruitful source of excuse
for similar delinquency at some period or other on
our side of the line, whenever the temptation may
arise. It is not for my Government to indicate
the precise means to be adopted by her Majesty's
Government to insure a more perfect observance of
that neutrality on her side. I may, however, be
permitted to suggest on its behalf an opinion
that a policy similar to that which was inau-
gurated under circumstances not altogether un-
like by the enactment of the law of the 10th March,
1838, might be followed with great advantage to
Great Britain in the American provinces during the
continuance of the present struggle." Mr. Adams
conveys the sincere conviction of his Government
that the neutrality policy of her Majesty had failed
more conspicuously in the colonies than in British
home ports, and must continue to fail as long as an
asylum was given in those provinces to active
emissaries of the enemies of the United States. He
observes that there is one adequate remedy only,
" a recognition by her Majesty's Government of
the just and exclusive sovereignty of the United
States in all the waters and all the territory hereto-
fore legally under the jurisdiction of the Govern-
ment." He points out that the welfare and pros-
perity of the British Provinces are sources of wealth
and influence for the one country only in a less
degree than for the other, and are as sincerely de-
sired by his Government as by that of Great Bri-
tain. This has been proved by the United States
entering into relations of reciprocal free commerce
with them almost as intimate as between the several
States of the Union, but he shows that the amity
must be reciprocated. He ends with the prediction
to which we alluded in a former number, and which
was realised by Canada in the Fenian invasions.
There is something remarkable in the fact that after
the treaty limiting the naval force on the Lakes had
existed for just half a century it should have been
interrupted by the Confederates, and that the
first service of. the gunboat placed on the water
in consequence was, if we do not mistake, in
defence not of the United States, but of the very
Province from which these raids had emanated.
What Mr. Adams then wrote received a marked
confirmation by these events. General Dix stated
o❑ November 22d that rebels, armed with revolvers,
belonging to John Morgan's corps were regularly
drilling in Prince Edward's county, Canada, and
Colonel Hill, commanding in Michigan, forwarded
intelligence to General [looker that very extensive
preparations were being made in Canada, to burn
Buffalo, Cleveland, and Detroit with Greek fire,
then being prepared in Windsor. On December 14
Mr, Seward informed Mr. Adams that he had re-

' ceived intelligence, by telegraph, that the felons
arrested in Canada for the robbery, burglary, and
murder at St. Albans had been set at liberty, and
the stolen money restored to them. He desires to
know what measures her Majesty's Government
had taken to prevent a renewal of these invasions.
In his despatch of December 19 Mr. Seward adds,
" Subsequent information confirms the fact, with
the addition, that the money stolen, $90,000, was
delivered to the felons by the police under the direc-
tion of the judge, and thus, richly furnished with
the spoils of our citizens, they were conveyed amid
acclamations in sleighs, which had been prepared
for their escape, from the court room beyond the
reach of fresh pursuit. That the discharge of the
prisoners was placed upon technical ground, now
confessed to be erroneous equally in law and in
fact—that when new warrants were issued the
police were dilatory and treacherous in execu-
tion, and that all efforts for the recapture of
the culprits have thus far been unsuccessful.
It is believed that they have already escaped from
Canada to find even more sure protection and
favour in Nova Scotia. It is impossible to consi-
der these proceedings as either legal, just, or
friendly towards the United States." He goes on
to state that Congress has passed a law authorizing
the building and equipment of six steam revenue
cutters for service on the Lakes, and introduced a
bill requesting the President to give the notice
needful for bringing to an end the Reciprocity
Treaty. He then writes, "In all your communi-
cations with Earl Russell you will assure him that
this Government, while it steadily perseveres in
seeking guarantees for our domestic peace and
safety against the invasion of border enemies, never-
theless more earnestly desires and constantly aims
to remain in peace, and friendship, and fraternal
intercourse with the British Provinces and with the
British Empire." Lord Russell's reply is certainly
poor and weak, considering the gross provocation
given. Writing on December 16, he says, "If it
should appear that the persons concerned in such
inroads are for any reason not subject to extradi-
tion, they and others, must, in some way, be effec-
tually prevented from committing similar offences
against a neighbouring State. But I need scarcely
point out to you that any invasion of the Canada
territory from the United States would excite
hostile feelings in Canada against the people
of the United States, and might prove ex-
tremely injurious to the pacific relations between
the two countries." Mr. Adams wrote on
the 30th December, giving Mr. Seward an ac-
count of an interview he had just had with Lord
Russell. His lordship then explained the nature of
the legal difficult? which had led to the release of
the St. Albans raiders. Ile remarked that if the
action in Canada was under instructions from
Richmond the law officers of the Crown were
clear that they were guilty of a high offence
against her Majesty's authority and the peace
of the kingdom. Mr. Adams, however, put it
in its true light : "If these people were not
acting under belligerent authority, they were liable
as criminals to the claim of extradiction under the
treaty ; if, on the other hand, they could prove that
they were so acting, then they were liable as vio-
lators of the neutrality of her Majesty's territory."
On January 5, 1865, Mr. Adams thus wrote to
Washington :—" The action of Judge Coursal upon
the question submitted to him has led not only to a
very general expression of disapprobation here, but
it has also prompted a most unequivocal condemna-
tion of the outrage itself. There appears to be little
difference of opinion in the public press on this
subject. lam convinced that if any repetition of
it should be attempted, it will go far to stop all
further open sympathy with the rebel cause. Any
penalty which may be inflicted upon the perpe-
trators will be approved and justified. I have di-
rected a copy of the Times to be sent to you, con-
taining a leader on the subject, bearing evident
marks of authority. A similar leader, even more
decided in tone, appeared simultaneously in the
evening paper, the Globe. I may say that
public sentiment has been more nearly right
on this question than upon any since I held this
post." A letter from Mr. Seward, dated Jan. 26,
shows the loyal feeling of the United States towards
England, and how easily a cordial friendship might
have been established, but for the constant inter-
ruption of the evilly disposed and the folly of a large
class in permitting themselves to be made the tools
of such persons. "It is freely confessed that the
proceedings that her Majesty's Government have
taken in relation to the Canadian oatrages seem to
us just and fair. It is to be hoped that the instruc-
tions of the Home Government will so strengthen
the hands of the provincial authorities in Canada
as to secure to us a surrender of the St. Albans and
Philo Parsons felons, in compliance with our requi-
sition, and also a restoration of the treasure which
they purloined from the citizens of the United
States and placed in the hands of the Canadian
police. It is with sincere satisfaction we observe
that the provincial authorities have begun to act
with energy in the spirit of the instructions before
mentioned. lam charged by the President to ex-
press to you his special satisfaction with the discreet
manner in which thus far you have conducted the
proceedings in question. Congress will be favour-
ably impressed by the proceedings of her Majesty's
Government and those of the provincial authorities.
If now the issuing of piratical vessels from Liver-
pool could be arrested, we might hope for a speedy
restoration of good feeling between the people of
the two nations." This was written two days after
Mr. Seward had learned that the capricious Judge
Coursal had been removed from office by the
Governor-General. On Feb. 9, 1865, the joint
resolution of Congress to terminate the treaty of
1817 regulating the naval forces on the Lakes was
approved and forwarded to Mr. Adams. On the
17th of March, 1865, a certified copy of a
joint resolution of Congress, approved by the
President on the 18th of January, 1865, was de-
livered by Mr. Adams at the Foreign .office in Lon-
don, terminating the treaty concluded between the
United States and her Britannic Majesty on the sth
June, 1854, commonly known as the Reciprocity
Treaty. Thus ended the Philo Parsons affair, and
the St. Albans' raid, aided by an idiotic judge and
an insane mob. The extremes of folly to which
people can reach was never better illustrated. Even
but touching, as we have, on some of the main
points, the judicious handling of the question
by Mr. Adams is shown. On the one hand
the imbecile judge, cheered by the Montreal mob,
*exasperated to a frenzy the border citizens of the
United States, whose pressure prior even to
this had extracted from General Dix an order
to pursue such raiders across the frontier, and to
capture them wherever found ; which order in turn
exasperated the people of England ; and thus we
drifted on, and would have drifted into actual hos-
tilities, but for the arresting hand of Mr. Seward on
the one side and Mr. Adams and Earl Russell on the
other. Canada reaped the effects of its unwise
course in these legislative measures of Congress,
and afterwards in the hostile proceedings of the
Fenians ; both so clearly to have been foreseen, that
it is absolutely incredible men could, with their
eyes open, have invited such a retaliation.
Next week we will touch on the Despatches
bearing on the violated neutrality of English ports.

CRYSTAL PALACE. - ONE SHILLING DAY. -
WEDNEsnAY.—Admission on payment, 992 ; ditto, by
season tickets, 1,533. Total visitors, 2,525.

. .
LADYERTISEMENT.]—Avoid Medicines: they always aggravate
chronic complaints: but Du Barry's delicious health-restoring
Revs,lento. Arabica Food, which yields three times the nourish-
ment of the best meat, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies,
and invariably restores perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound
lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional
regularity, anti energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We
extract a few out of 68,000 cures ;—" The Pope's health restored
by Du Barry's Food. Cure No. 68,413. "Rome, July 21, 1866,
—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since,
abandoning all other remedies, he has confined himself entirely
to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica, Food, of which he consumes
a plateful at every meal. It has produced a surprisingly bene-
ficial effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this excel
lent food too highly." From the " Gazette du Midi, July 25 Cure
No. 58,216, of the blarehioness de Brehan, of seven years' liver
Winplaint, wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous
palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and
the most intolerable nervous agitation.." Cure No. 1,771; Lord
Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years'
dyspepsia. No. 49,832: " Fifty years' indescribable agotty from
dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency,
spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria J oly."—Cure No.
46,270: Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 39 years'
diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and
partial deafness. Important Caution.—Bewaro of the many
unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without
authority, Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached.
In tins at 15..14d.; 1 lb., 2s 9d.; 2 lbs., 4s. 6d,; 5 lbs.
12 lbs., 225.; 24 lbs., 40s.—BARRY Du BARRY and Co., No. 77,
Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason, 162, Piccadilly
and at 61, Graeeehurch-street; 4, Cheapsitle; 63, 150, and 298,
Oxford-atm:4; 830, Strand; and all grocer 4 and chwanota.

SILVER MINING 1N NEVADA.

The Wall Street Journal of the 29th February
says :

Mining stocks have generally declined at the Beard'
and Consolidated Gregory and Quartz Hill show a very
heavy fall. A largo business is doing outside in Nevada
silver stocks, and at no former period have we seen se
much anxiety to take hold of these securities as az present'
We look for these stocks before long as being almost the
only stocks which will be dealt in in this market."

We print elsewhere a letter from Nevada, in which
the writer gives some wholesome advice. No doubt
Nevada opens the very finest field for enterprise, and
those now cautiously and with judgment availiag
themselves of it will reap a prodigious return.
But, unfortunately, it is in the nature of such
terprises that either they are the object of unbounded
speculation, and the preserve of unscrupulous job'
bers, or of aversion and fear. Capital judiciously in-
vested in Nevada would produce astounding results,
but when a few realize these results, others junhP
headlong into the traps everywhere laid for them
by schemers, and the howl of the hurt frightens cif
those who might have benefited largely by invest'
ing in the wines. Tae Georgetown Miner, of
Colorado, on the 30th January, remarked on " the
invariable practice among Eastern companies or
rating there to place the reduction works in charge
of men who knew no more of the treatment of ore
than a hog does of parlour etiquette." Ignorant of
the knowledge others had gained by experience,
they are the victims of plausible inventions, and
they act on their proprietors, who are even more
ignorant, so as to induce them to authorize scree
new-fangled process which is sure to save all the
precious metal contained in the ore. When the
money that should be expended in developing the
mine has been eaten up in experiments by these
infatuated agents, the company stops, financially
ruined, with their useless mills and plant, and the,
lodes unworked. The scheme is then pronounce'
a swindle, and the reports, humbug, and the State
or territory is regarded as one to be avoided.
Central Herald says :
" The time was, and not very far in the past either'
when a mau who happened to have the courage to acknovi-
ledge that ho was from Colorado, might calculate on baiog
shunned as a rogue. Our territory is not to blame for the
numerous frauds which were perpetrated on the Easter
people during a season of unusual excitement. The sal
thing was done with the oil lands of Pennsylvania, and
the same thing will continue to ba done until the end 0'
time : provided the multitude of speculators continue t°
lose their wits at stated periods. Colorado is not so far
away from the great commercial centre as it used to be,
and men can have no excuse now for allowing thernseles
to be swindled out of hundreds of thousands of dollars'
They can now come to Colorado and see for themselves be,,
fore they pay a dollar. Those who invest in ' wild of
Colorado property hereafter, deserve to lose their mewl'
Wo occasionally hear of a ' wild-cat' scheme which is con'
cocted with the deliberate intention of swindling, 51id
we feel it a duty to expose such rascality, and i°,
tend to do so on all occasions. A man can buy up te,
thousand feet of worthless property which will cost be'
little more than the fees paid to the recorder and notary:
With this worthless trash and a largo stock of brass
appears before the Eastern public. There he takes 00.1°
himself other kindred spirits who are willing to join hi!
in any swindling operation by which they are likely to
realise a few thousands. A few transactions of this
have made for Colorado a great many enemies, and has
benefited only a few disreputable characters who ha%
always been a curs) to whatever community they rat'"
happen to live in."

The Central herald declares that whenever it
hears of a " wild-cat" scheme it will expose it
without hesitation or remorse, and it warns eert3iil
men who are preparing such schemes, that, if thel
persist in their dishonest attempts to make fortunes
at the expense of Colorado's character as a rniaillg
country, it will take pleasure in exposing them
" There is really no necessity for people being swindled
in this way, and it never could occur if the purchasers s'
Colorado property would only make use of ordinary dis-
cretion. Our really valuable property is as well knoWo t.°4
the public here as any kind of real estate in the East 1:
known to the public there. A telegraphic despatch t°
county or territorial officer would make the transaction
safe, or show it to be a swindle. Parties buying mining
property, who have not Can to come out here and so is'
themselves, ought by all moans to take this course."
The course here recommended might safely be
adopted. as it is ruinous to the interest of the Sot°
or territory when the schemes of swindlers are sae;
cessfully carried out. It is, therefore, in the highe3"
degree advisable for the local Press to denonne3
such schemes the moment they become known'
Any person desirous of ascertaining the value of 3
property offered for sale should address the Pr°.
spectus to the Editor of a local paper, whose eoni:
meats are sure to find their way back. Even In
London, such a plan could be adopted with adv 33-
tage. While on the subject of mining we aild
mention that theSweetwater gold fields have arouse
a furore, and caused a rush to that region. 11'1
are said to throw into the shade Pike's Peak or to
glittering temptations of Montana and Idaho•
special correspondent of the Chicago Republica 01
sends a glowing report of the district. The Val%
Pacific Railroad can convey passengers to with
a hundred miles of these diggings, exceeding
richness of ore, , extent, and permanency of mint
and ease with which the rock can be worked all I g
known. Those who take an interest in the Minill
States should visit the office of Colonel BuEL, late
_
Commissioner from Nevada to the Paris Exhibitilf
and inspect his collection of specimens at 1C1..."
Palmerston-buildings, Old Broad-street, London.
Anglo-American Times.