The Sun.
London, England, 1850-01-07 00:00:00

there h an increase of net revenue for the year
of 30,000/. 3

In the Crown Lands there is an increase of 79,0001.
on the year, and 30,0001. on the quarter. If the
Royal domains were properly managed, as a private
gentleman would deal NI ith his own estate, we might
hope for at least half a million sterling from this
source in place of about one-third of that amount.
We must, however, receive the present] improvement
as an indication of greater care and prudence, which
will hereafter lead to still more favourable results.
The Miscellaneous shows an increase of 148,076/,
on the year, and 36,6991. on the quarter; and in the
extraordinary items there is an increase under the
head of Imprest and Other Moneys of 74,0731. on
the year, and 1,1921. on the quarter, and in
Repayments of Advances an increase of 135,3461. on
the year, but a decrease of 15,786/. on the quarter.
The improved state of the Revenue is not, however,
more auspicious, nor does it afford greater causes for
congratulation, than the diminution of expen
diture that has been effected within the past year, and
the favourable state of the Exchequer. It is long,
indeed, since Sir CHARLES WOOD has been placed in so
comfortable a position, or that he had so large a balance
at his disposal to meet any exigencies or demands that
may arise. We again congratulate the public on the
appearance of the present returns, the most auspicious
that have been rendered for several years.

Never, perhaps, has any popular movement
achieved a more signal success within a single year
than that which has been directed towards the attain-
ment of an extensive and comprehensive measure of
Parliamentary and Financial Reform. The deep
injustice which has been inflicted upon a largo
majority of our fellow-subjects who, although heavily
taxed for the support of our national establishments,
and even for the liquidation of debts contracted in
former times, are still excluded without the pale of the
Constitution, and not permitted to have any voice in
the election of the Members of the National Legisla-
ture, has aroused the indignation not only of the
injured parties, but of all who desire that an equal mea-
sure of justice should be bestowed upon all without
exception, and who believe that " right
should no longer be made subservient to
might. In their persons the great principle
that " there should be no taxation without
representation" has been flagrantly violated. While
heavy imposts are indirectly imposed upon articles of
primary necessity to every person, however humble
his station or scanty his earnings, the elective fran-
chise has been contumeliously denied, save upon
terms which in England give only one voter for every
eighteen persons, in Scotland one out of every thirty-
four, and in Ireland one out of every fifty-eight. With
a population amounting in round numbers to twenty-
nine millions, there are less than eleven hundred
thousand entitled to the Parliamentary suffrage. The
mode of collecting the votes of the privileged few and
the distribution of the franchise are scarcely less ob-
jectionable; for while the less wealthy are subjected
to many corrupt influences, while full scope is
afforded to bribery and intimidation, no protection is
given to those who are anxious to exercise honestly
and consistently the most glorious privilege of free-
men ; and the representatives of large and indepen-
dent constituencies are neutralised by Members for
rotte❑ boroughs, which despite the Act of 1832 still
flourish in rank luxuriance, and return the obedient
serfs of some overgr.own territorial aristocrats.
Under such circumstances it is by no means sur-
prising that a general feeling should exist for the
adoption of adequate remedies for those manifold evils
and grievances. But that feeling in a great degree
remained latent in the public mind. Many energetic
and devoted men, from time to time, brought these
important topics forward ; but their exertions were
isolated. There was no great combination or con-
federacy to lead the people, and to induce that mutual
co-operation which was so essential to success and to
the exhibition of the popular strength. The spark
was there, but it required to be elicited and brough
forth.

Such was the state of things when the Reformers
of Liverpool took the initiative and assumed the
prominent position which they have since so ably
maintained. The fiscal and financial errors were
those to which they chiefly directed their attention.
Tracts were published, in which, by the narration of
simple facts, the impolicy and injustice of the existing
system of taxation and the, enormous and extravagant
expenditure on our national establishments were
unsparingly exposed. The nation was aroused ; the
statements appeared almost incredible, but they were
sustained by the clearest and most unquestionable
proof, and could not be controverted or denied. A
spirit of thrift took possession of the people. Economy
and retrenchment, aid the substitution of direct for
indirect taxation, were advocated on every side. Nu-
merous associations sprung up to share with the
people of Liverpool the honour of the struggle, and
to co-operate in the urging forward that " pressure
from without" that has so often proved effectual in
procuring the extension of popular rights, and the
removal of pressing grievances. The metropolis of
this mighty empire could not remain quiescent while
such laudable and energetic efforts were making
in the provinces. The National Financial and
Parliamentary Reform Association was formed,
which was naturally expected to take the lead to
which the numbers, respectability, and influence of
its members so justly entitled it. And public opinion
has not been disappointed : the utmost activity has
been exhibited, and the greatest progress made; depu-
tations have been sent throughout the entire country,
and meetings held in various districts, where the good
seed has been planted that will bring forth fruit in
due season. The appeals that have been made have
been enthusiastically responded to ; the apathy that
so long prevailed has been shaken off, and no
doubt can exist that a zealous and determined effort
will be made during the forthcoming session of Par-
liament to procure a full measure of justice.
The Metropolitan, we should rather say the "National
Association," did not restrict their efforts to fiscal or
financial reform ; they regarded these evils as being
merely the fruits of the corrupt system of legislation
that prevailed, and conceived that their first efforts
should b e directed to the purification of Parliament,
and the enactment of searching and radical alterations
therein—

" Melius est petere fontes gum sectari rivulos."
They considered it better to trace out the fountain
and origin of the various corruptions than to follow
the separate evils that spring from a corrupted
foundation. They have not abandoned the demand
for fiscal and financial reforms, although they have
given a priority to the required Parliamentary reforms.
Although we believe that the agitation on all these
subjects might be carried on simultaneously,
and that each would give strength and vitality to the
others, we shall not quarrel with those who conceive
that more valuable results may be attained by the
concentration of all their energies on a single topic.
And fully and cordially concurring in the principles
put foward by the Association, we shall render our
best assistance to those who advocate the extension of
the franchise, the adoption of the system of voting by
ballot, the limitation of the duration of Parliament,
the equalisation of the electoral districts, and the
total abolition of the property qualification for Mem-
bers of Parliament.

The Council of the Association has just issued a
report to the members, which we earnestly commend
to the attentive consideration of reformers of every
class throughout the kingdom. It contains a
brief summary of past proceedings and a state-
ment of future plans. As it has been issued
to every member, it has already acquired a wide cir-
culation. But it will not even be so restricted.
Every man ,A ho has already come forward and en-
rolled his name will invite those as yet undecided
to read and judge for themselves. lie will seek to enlist
recruits, and to bring others to the standard under
which he has engaged himself. The battle of freedom
is to be fought ; a triumph is to be achieved by the
friends of liberty—a triumph peaceful and constitu-
tional, and to be acquired by moral force alone. Truth
and justice, reason and argument, are the only
weapons that will be required or sanctioned. Dis-
cussion and publicity are invited, for it is by means
thereof that the victory is to be gained, and every
honest and independent man throughout the empire
should participate in the glory of that victory, and
hasten to enrol his name, and the names of all whom
he can influence, as members of the National Finan-
cial and Parliamentary Association.

HARWICH, JAN. 5.—A steamer is reported to be on
shore on ths cnnfieet Sand.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of Saturday
and 3 esterday.

The reactionary party is crumbling to pieces rapidly,
and M. DUPIN, with the natural instinct of self-
preservation, quits the falling house. He is alarmed
at the state of disorder of the great party of Oiier, and
accordingly he refuses to accept any longer the
responsibility of the duties of President of the Assem-
bly. On Saturday, M. BAROCHE, one of the Vice-
Presidents, took the chair at the sitting of the Assem-
bly, and read the following letter which he had re •
ceived from M. DUPIN

"Jan. 5, 1850.
"Gentlemen and very Honourable Colleagues,—I have
to return you thanks for the votes, which, for the fourth
time have assigned me the honour of presiding over the
National Assembly. No person more then I esteem
highly this dignity ; but experience has shown me how
difficult it is at present to fulfil these important
function;; and in presence of a ballot, the result
of which gives me a majority inferior to that
which I had obtained in tho three preceding elec-
tions, I fear, I confess to you, that I may not find in the
National Assembly that strength of support which has
hitherto upheld me, and without which the energy of a
single man would soon be exhausted, and remain
powerless.
"I have, therefore, with great respect, to request my
honcurable colleagues to regard my election as null and
void, and to give their votes to some other candidate.
This announcement was r etehhei
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with great animation. It was some time before calm
was restored.
The new ballot for the election of President was
then fixed to take place on Monday.
The Assembly then proceeded to ballot for the
fourth Vice-President. The result of the ballot
again showed how completely the majority is dis-
organized.
The following is the result of the ballot for the
fourth Vice-President of the Assembly :
Number of voters
Absolute majority ....
General Bedeau 226
M. Leon Faucher... • 121
M. Grevy..
In consequence, as no Member has obtained the
required majority, another ballot will be proceeded to
OD Monday.
The debate on the La Plata question was then re-
sumed, in the course of which
M. Etnmanuel Arago insisted on the necessity of
acting with energy. England had, he said, agreed to
its treaty because it had a private convention with
Rosas to forward the commerce of England at Monte
Viedeo. He insisted that negotiations would lead to
nothing unless supported by a sufficient force. He
had, before concluding, to ask the Government this
question—What modifications it intended to effect in
the Le Predour treaty, for unless the modifications
were sufficient, all negotiations would he of no ad-
vantage whatever. He called on the Government to
give a categorical answer to this question.
M. Rouher, Minister of Justice, said that he would
reply to the questions put to the Cabinet by M.
Arago. He asserted, and it was previously alleged,
that England had signed with Roses a convention
more favourable than that concluded by France.
Now, the Government had thought proper to inquire
into the truth of the assertion, and applied to the
English Government.—(Laughter on the Left.)
" You may laugh, Gentlemen, replied M. Rouher,
" at the word of a neighbouring and friendly Govern-
ment ; but we respect it,"— (" England does not con-
suit you on her interests," observed M. Peon.) M.
Rouher—" It was our duty to consult her when she
was accused of having deserted us in an affair in
which we acted in common." Lord Palmerston
(continued M. Rouher) hastened to reply, and his
dispatch was communicated to us by the British
Ambassador. His Lordship declared, that if
the French Government had been told that such a
treaty existed, it had been grossly deceived by a
coterie, which was labouring to prevent an arrange-
ment between France and the Argentine Republic.
England had concluded but one treaty that had been
communicated to the French Government and made
public, and which was nearly the same as that con
eluded by France with the Argentine Republic. That
treaty was now probably signed; but, he repeated, no
other treaty existed.—(Silence on the Left.) The
Minister then added, that the Government had every
confidence in the success of the negotiations. France
was placed in presence of a treaty and an
armistice. The Government had a fixed plan,
and was fully aware of its responsibility, but
it could not let the Assembly and the world into
the secret without committing a culpable imprudence.
He could not conceive that the question of war should
be left at the discretion of an armed negotiator at a
moment when nothing was stable in France, and
when difficulties might be daily expected to arise in
Europe. The moderation displayed by France would
have more weight than an armed negotiator. France
would negotiate with moderation and loyalty, and if
her expectations were deceived, then she would declare
war, and attack Monte Video and Buenos Ayres, but
it did not behove her to remain in the doubtful posi-
tion recommended by the committee. That resolution
would be productive of an equivoque in France, and
on the banks of the Plate; and would endanger the
existence of the French residents in Buenos Ayres.
In the name of the Government he declared that the
residents wouldbe efficaciously protected.— ("Bravos"
negotiations would be serious, and that the French
on the Right.)
M. Thiers said that, belonging as he did to the
majority, he felt a veritable repugnance to have the
appearance of taking part with the Opposition against
the Government on this important question. But
there were convictions which could not be laid aside,
and he had for ten years supported the views which
he was now about briefly to explain. It was said
that the interference of France in La Plata might
lead to European complications ; it was also said that
French interests had been displaced in that country,
and that there were only at present 2,000 French
subjects at Monte Video, the rest having emigrated
to Buenos Ayres. It was not, therefore, it was al-
' leged, worth while to make war, or act in such a way
as to lead to the chance of war for so small a matter.
In the first place, he could take on himself to affirm
that any European complication WAS impossible, and
he defied any statesman to give sound reasons for a dd.
ferent opinion. England, no doubt, was more interested
in Buenos Ayres than in Monte Video ; but that was
no reason why England should interfere in case
France should make war on Roses or defend Monte
Video. England was a great nation, and had respect
both for herself and for the rights of nations, and
would be always averse to preventing France from
acting as her just interests called for. There had
been an example of that forbearance on the part of
England, when France found it necessary to punish
England never objected,
gy, and causing the
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seeing that the quarrel of France was just. Again,
when the United States made war—a war of con-
quest, too—on Mexico, England never thought of
interfering in any way- The right ofFrance to make
war on La Plata was incontestable, and England
would, he was convinced, never think of de-
nying it. The whole question was not in any way
a European one— it was altogether American—
South American. The two points to be chiefly con-
sidered in the matter were, that of the commerce
of France,; and next that of her honour. The ho-
nourable representative then referred to the first point,
that of commerce, and declared that it was indubitable
that French commerce with foreign countries was
falling off for some years back. At present, owing
to the changes made of late years in England, the
only coasting trade (cabotage), which was really
prosperous, was the English one; and the only navi-
gation to distant countries which succeeded was that
of the United States, France being beaten respee.
tively by each. England carried coals, the United
States cotton, these being the principal matters
carried by the coasting trade and the grand naviga.
tion. He then referred to the trade in South Ame-
rica, and declared that French commerce had fallen
off greatly in that country. He then adduced figures
to show that with proper care the commerce of France
to the countries of South America could be made to
increase to an extent of 200,000,000 f. He showed that
at present even the commerce with the French
colonies of Martinique, Guadeloupe, &c., was not
greater than that to South America. The French
colonies could not give any great augmentation to
French commerce,
since they were themselves un-
settled and not likely soon to increase much in pros-
perity. Hence the only resource that existed for the
resuscitation of French commerce was in the unlimited
field which lay open iu the markets of South America.
—(Hear.) But for that result the commerce of
France to South America demanded the greatest care
and protection, owing to the jealous character of the
Spanish. Hence, putting aside any other considera-
tion than that of material interest, France was bound
to act with energy in that country. But there was
more than that—there was the treatment of French
subjects at La Plata. Who could deny that some of
them had been deprived of their property—that
others had been murdered ?—(Cries from the Right
of "No. no ;" great interruption, which lasted some
time).

M. Levasseur, from his place, said that on one
occasion, when a number of French subjects had
been taken away by Oribe, thirty-five or forty who
were unable to keep up with the rest had been put to
death.— (A gitation )
M. Thiers then went on to consider the arguments
brought forward against a vigorous line of action; and
referred to that of the great distance at which La
Plata was situated from France. He ridiculed this
idea, asking, was it of a nature to arrest a nation like
France in pursuing the course which its interests or

its honour called on it to adopt. lie said it was use-
less to postpone acting, for, beyond any doubt, as
appeared clear from past experience, France would be
obliged to act, sooner or later. The Honourable
Gentleman then entered into soma historical consi-
derations as to the cause of the French going to Monte
Video, and their exertions in establishing themselves
there.

The Minister of Justice could say that it was be-
cause the Government was well aware of the nature
of the country and of the difficulty of carrying c.n
war there, that it had refused.
M. Thiers— The Honourable Gentleman was happy
in his knowledge, but sti 1 he (M. Thiers) would
take it on himself to give the information to the As-
sembly.—(Laughter.) The Honourable Gentleman
then proceeded with his description of the country to
show that an immense amount of commercial trans-
actions were certain to take place there. He then
denied that French commerce had abandoned
Monte Video and taken refuge in Buenos Ayres.
He brought forward the statements of persons
whom he declared to be perfectly trustworthy, who
affirmed that the commerce of the country must
remain with Monte Video, from the superior position
of that place, and that if some of the inhabitants had
emigrated to Buenos Ayres it was under the pressure
of necessity ; they would be sure to return the mo-
ment fair protection was afforded them. He denied
positively that the French subjects at Monte Video
were only 2,000; he maintained that the number was
at least equally divided between that place and
Buenos Ayres. It was impossible, he declared, that
France could ever establish her commerce in South
America unless Monte Video was open to her. That
place was the key of the country. and if neglected
the commerce of France must of necessity fall off,
particularly as the English were predominant at
Buenos Ayres. He then referred to the character
and power of Roses, and whilst allowing that he was
an able man, denied that his force was as great as was
representtd. His force consisted principally of cavalry,
but his infantry was quite deficient. After again
proclaiming himself a sincere friend of peace, M.
Thiers thus concluded—" It is impossible that the
arrival of an armel negotiator in the river Plate, with
a few ships and some troops, can be the signal of
war. Let us restore to words their real meaning : it
is not war, a word which naturally alarmed certain
minds ; it is war with Roses, a war not more im-
portant than that which we waged upon Mexico and
Morocco; it is one of those wars which maritime
nations should not hesitate to undertake when they
wish to be respected."
M. Rouher, the Minister of Justice, replied, and the
debate was ajourned.

M. DucnATEn has arrived in Paris for the purpose
of meeting the charges brought against him
in relation to the expenditure for the tomb of
NAPOLEON.

The Journal du Havre says—
" We are assured that the affair of the Sandwich
Islands has been adjusted amicably, and that, in con-
sequence of recent propositions from the Ilawaien Go.
vernment, a new treaty is about to be entered into be-
tween France and that country, on the bases of the
former conventions, but which are to receive a more ex-
tensive and liberal interpretation."

•
The Assemblee Nationale says—
" A meeting of financial men took place yesterday at
the Ministry of Finance, at which M. d'Argout, M.
Rothschild, &C., were present. According to report, a
new loan of 250,000,000 f. is contemplated."
The Five per Cents. were done in the passage of the
Opera at 92f. 70c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK-EXCEANGI4., JAN. 5.
Boulogne and Amiens, 7%—Luxembourg, 4:4—Namur
and Liege, VA—Northern of France, 11/2 dis.—Orleans and
Bourdeaux, 3A—Paris and Rouui, 23 Sambre and Meuse,
21A.

SPAIN.
Madrid journals of the 29th and 30th ult. have
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person. The decree is dated Dec. 28, and counter-
signed by the Duke of Valencia. The 49 provinces
of Spain are divided into four classes, and the salaries
of the governors are to be 60,000, 45,000, 40 000, and
35,000 reels, according to the class. The nominations
follow, the appointments being mostly given to the
former political chiefs or finance intendents; but there
are several new appointments, two senators and four
deputies being appointed to governorships of the first
and second class, whilst 22 former political chiefs are
placed on half-pay.
A scene of great confusion occurred in the Cortes
during the sitting of the 30th, in the course of a dis-
cussion on the validity of the Catalonia Election. In
the course of the discussion, the Home Minister having
made an allusion to the insurrection of last year,
which was construed by the Opposition Members into
an insult, and the Minister having further declared
that the Government was backed by the whole of the
nation,
Senor Ordar Avecilla rose and replied to him.
He denied that the Government had the nation behind
them ; they had only the employes. behind them—the
nation was mute, suffering, weighed down by oppres-
sion. The Ministry oppressed both below and above.
—(Clamours from the Right, and much confusion.)
He would repeat it—he and his friends had been stig-
matised as anarchists, and he had an equal right to say
that the Government had constituted a destructive po-
litical system, and that its oppression did not always
descend, it sometimes ascended.—(More cries and con-
fusion, in the midst of which the Conde de San Luis
demanded that the Speaker's words should be taken
down. The President called Senor Ordax to order.)
Senor Ordax Avecilla returned to the charge. The
Government, he repeated, was acting in a double
sense; it interposed itself between the throne and the
popular party, representing them as enemies of the
throne, whilst at the same time it acted on and influ-
enced, in a strong and coercive manner the mind of
the latter.—(An immense confusion followed this
seetence. Cries of " True, true," from one side,
and of " False," from the other.) The Minister of
Marine called for some article of the regulations to
be read ; the President called to order. Senors Cal-
deron, Collantes, and Carrequiri (Ministerialists)
shouted out, "The men of the barricades I" The
Marquis of .Albaida exclaimed, "Is that your
amnesty ?" The Patria sums up the scene in a few
lines :—" Duriag a quarter of an hour (it says)
the Congress was the faithful image of chaos.
All spoke, and nothing was understood—the depu-
ties apostrophised and insulted each other from bench
to bench—the Ministers called out from their seats,
but this time it was the voice of one who calls out in
the desert—no one listened or attended to them ;
the President became mute—the bell sounded not—
all were agitated, and many discussed what remedy
could be fbund for such a state of things," &c.
The Ministerial side of the House had now pre-
pared a vote of censure on Senor ORDAX AVECILLA,
who gave long explanations, without, however, re-
tracting the expressions he had used, and the Minister
of Msrine.declared himself no t satisfied calling on Senor
ORDAX to prove his charges, or stand convicted of ca-
lumny ; and no doubt matters would have been carried
much further, and some strong measure adopted
by the Ministerial aide of the Houses, but
General NARVAIZ and Senor PIDAL entered the house
at this time, and evidently opposed the further pro-
ceeding in the affair, as, after a short conference
between the Ministers, the CONDE DE SAN Luis said
that it was time that this scandalous scene should
cease, and added that he saw that Senor ORDAX was
deserted by all his companions (the Progressista depu-
ties had mostly :eft the house), but Senor OLOZAGA
and others cried out " No," and demanded to speak.
A short speech followed from Senor OLOZAGA, in
vindication of Senor ORDAX, though not associating
himself with all that he had said ; and the Home
Minister declared himself satisfied with the explana-
tions that had taken place, as he saw that no party in
the Congress approved of,Senor ORDAX'S expressions.
The election return in question was then approved of,
and another case was proceeded with.
The Patria states that the Carlists are preparing
another insurrection. It says that a new organiza-
tion has been approved at Venice, and gives a long
list of generals aid other officers who are to enter into
campaign under Generals CABRERA, ELIo, and
GOMEZ, the first to have the chief command in the

northern provinces and Castille; the second in
Catalonia, Aragon, and Valencia; and the third in
Andalusia, La kancha, and Estremadura ; also that
two expeditions for landing troops are intended under
the leadership of the Infantes Don FERNANDO and
Don JUAN, and that one of these expeditions is des-
tined to Gallicia. Lastly, it intimates that this time
there will be no want of funds, and that the directing
junta of the Carlists is sitting at Paris.
The Nacion has a Paris letter of the 24th, which
says that CABRERA has received permission from the
French Minister of the Interior to reside in any part
of France ; and speaks of another Carlist invasion,
which is to he got up under his direction. It also
says that 20,000 francs have been lately remitted from
Paris to Bayonne for El Estudiante, and that the
French Legitimatists have got together abundant funds
to aid in the cause. It adds that the Conde DE 1110N-
TEMOLIN has put forth a confidential circular, in which
it is stated that " even those who, from special cir-
cumstances, have been obliged to recognise the Go-
vernment of the Infanta Donna ISABEL, may return
to the favour of their Monarch, on condition of justi-
fying by new proofs the fidelity of other epochs of
glorious recollection."

MADRID BOLSA, DEC. 29.—The Funds have been
well sustained to day, but there is not much business
doing. The Three per Cents. were done at 30
15 16 cash, and maintained that price at the close ;
Five per Cents., 13i 15-16 buyers, i sellers; Cou-
pons, 7 to 8 ; Passive Debt, 4 to i ; Bank Sams, 83.