The Sun.
London, England, 1868-10-15 00:00:00

TILE IVAR 1N PARAGUAI'.

The news from the seat of war in Paraguay and
the Brazils by the Danube tells us that the Para-
guayan fort Timbo has been evacuated by its
defenders after they had considerably damaged
the Brazilian ironclads, who forced the passage on
the 16th of August, and the garrison was able to
join the main body of the forces under Marshal
Lopez without molestation. Since the occupation
by the Allies of Humaita, on the 25th of
July, nothing of any importance has taken
place, but preparations on a great scale are said
to be on foot to attack Lopez on the Tebi-
cuari, who was even reported to have gone to
Cerro Leon, a natural fortification about 25 miles
to the south-east of Asuncion. If this turns out
to be true, and his people remain as faithful to him
as they have been, this war will not be ended till
all the brave Paraguayans and their gallant chief
have fallen. Cerro Leon,is a position which is able
to withstand a better organized army than Brazil
is able to bring into the field. From Buenos Ayres
it is stated that Mr. Gould, her Majesty's Secre-
tary of Legation, was again going to Para-
guay, and several other foreign diplomats,
but the object of their mission was not known.
We had wished some one else of the British Lega-
tion had been sent on this errand, as Mr. Gould's
unfriendly feeling and bias against Paraguay and
Lopez are well known. The Argentine troops in
Paraguay are at Humaita, and have not joined
their Allies to go into the interior of Paraguay, as
their presence may be hourly needed by their Go-
vernment to put down the revolution in Corrientes,
which becomes every day more formidable. Ge-
neral Urquiza may declare in favour of it. The
Presidential election in the Confederation has
been found to be in favour of Senor Sarmiento for
President, and Senor Alsina as Vice-President,
which has given satisfaction to the upper provinces,
but not in Enter Rios. The new capital will be
Rosario, which again is very much against the wish
of Portenos, and serious troubles are anticipated.
From Rio Janeiro the news is that the Government
has been forced to make another issue of paper
money to the amount of 40 millions of dollars, and
to create a six per cent. home loan for 30 millions,
to provide for the expenses of the war. These
measures have, of course, very much startled the
commercial community at Rio, who expected quite
a different course from the new Ministry, who pro-
mised peace and no more paper money, and as the
end of the war cannot yet be foreseen no one is
able to calculate to what amount the public debt
will swell ; but taking into account the increase for
the last four years, amounting now to nearly 350
million dollars, a startling figure is reached to all
who know the resources of the empire. The whole
debt of Brazil represents now the very respectable
figure of 530 millions of dollars.
The City of Brussels arrived after the above was
written with five days later news, but as it is
wholly of Brazilian manufacture it must be received
with caution till the French mail verifies or anni-
hilates it. From a private source we learn that
Lopez was strongly fortified at San Fernando on the
Tebicuari and Paraguay, the river being even more
effectually closed than at Humaita. Colonel Mar-
tinez, who commands at Humaita with Captains
Gill and Gabriel, taken prisoners after evacuating
the fortress, are at Buenos Ayres. Colonel Mar-
tinez considers that the new position will be more
easily defended than Humaita, and that there is an
abundance of provisions and ammunition there.
He believes Lopez able to hold out for two years
longer. The news brought by the City of Brussels
from Buenos Ayres, September 1, and Rio, the
13th, is as follows:
" On the 26th of August the Brazilians defeated
the Paraguayan vanguard, and on the 28th they
attacked and captured their fortified position to the
left of the Tebicuari. Lopez, with a small escort,
had retreated to the neighbourhood of Assumption.
Prisoners say that Berger and others had been shot,
and that Lopez's two brothers had been arrested.
The Allies consider the movement of Lopez as
equivalent to flight.
" The United States gunboat Wasp had gone up
to the capital of Assumption, which was undefended.
The Wasp was followed by the Brazilian ironclads."

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MISCELLANEOUS NEWS.

.....MIL .

AUSTRIA.
If Austria has not granted to the Pales of GAllicia sit
that they require, and all which they ought justlyto ha/ei
there can be no question that the state of affairs in Gawk
contrasts strongly with the condition of the Russian Pr°
vinces of Poland. The Polish tongue has been illtrcsatie,:a
as the official language, and is used in public instructiol:
The Poles, though they do not occupy the Whole
Gallicia, manage matters as they please at the Leola
Diet. Many of the chief offices are filled by natives ‘uf
province, and the theaire3, schools, and local COurt° °
justice are in their ham's. Moreover, the local flualleelif
which the Poles are so anxious to have under their catr°'
are usually subject to a deficit of from 000,009
£lOO,OOO, which has to be made up out of the ImPeri,
exchequer. There is another side to the question ; 1)11",,,
is evident that the Austrian differs very much from t"
Russian style of management. The Liberte is confident is
the future of Austria. The troubles of the present °-
tiae
caused by the reactionary party to impeue
work of reform at the critical moment, but °°'
interruption which may be caused can be but teinP°lls,ti
Recent changes have been on the side of justice
prosperity. They represent principles which mustill
mately triumph.

THREATENED ERUPTION OF VESUVIUS. ws
If, as is apprehended, another eruption of Ires 11::,,
take place, the Daily News says the circumstance Ni' -6.
dicate a condition of the volcano differing wholly ire„,
anything that has been observed for the past eighteen''
ce
s..iolt
turies. Three eruptions in the course of a year are
gether unprecedented. The history of the riwunv--
since the destruction of Pompeii shews a gradual increlej,,
in the rapidity with which one period of activity
followed another. At the commencement of the Christo
era, Vesuvius had been so long inactive that it had U°Pl,,,
to be regarded as an extinct crater. Several ert
in"
tions took place .between the date of the to
great catastrophe ; but from 1306 to 1631 tel
volcano was at rest, the interior of the
‘,O
was overgrown with brushwood, and at the b°t"viii
there was an extensive plain on which cattle grazed'
~fs
December 1631 all these roads and pastures were o""
st°
a‘vay by a terrible explosion. A rest of thirty-five 've
As
then ensued, but since 1666 Vesuvius has never been (1;
ten years together. This increase in the number of eort,:it
tions has not been accompanied by any decrease in
intensity. The outbreak of last winter was reroarsm;
violent and persistent. Since then the mountain cjo
hardly be said to have rested. The Daily _Salt
there can be no doubt that there is a nowlec,, till
between the earthquakes of Southern Europe I'll" do
activity of the volcano. The one ceases rale! is
others begin to be felt. Now that Vesuvius is 0471
motion, we may look for a cessation of earthquakes .0
district of the Mediterranean.

AMERICA.
iThe tei
The Presidential contest is virtually over. A-- of

elections of Ohio and Pennsylvania, besides the Stategs.
lowa and Indiana, have resulted in large Republi;
majorities. At the last elections the Democratic PaiJA
carried Pennsylvania by a small majority, and succeed
in reducing the advantage of their opponents in the
other States. The Republicans have now, 11011100%
regained all they previously lost. To afford Mr. SeYll3- 1
the slightest chance of success, it was necessary tilt;
the Democrats should not merely hold their evy%,
these States, but that they should ensure further Pmr",i
As they have receded instead of advancing, Gene
Grant's election is now regarded as a mere formalitl'

SPAIN AND AMERICA.
The Spaniards are not yet sure of Cuba. It /18°:il
announced that the great West Indian Island haddec' el
its independence, next that it had recognised thej;to
Spanish Government, and now we receive a ineu,
statement. The Governor has announced his intent*:
hold Cuba irrespective of political movements at intend
and devote himself to the preservation of order P-0
peace." This is not a very explicit declaration. It lel:ol
us doubtful whether General Lersundi will await the °,O"-
establishment of a monarchy or other form of goverllni:iil
at home, or whether he has concluded that Cuba rl°-0/
be a nice prize for himself. If, for instance, then
Ministry recalled him, would be obey the summons? tio
The American Government has shewn its activity
interests of freedom by recognising the change ill SP
interests
immediately upon its accomplishment. The action
American representative at Madrid has been confirtneo
the Cabinet at Washington. The full text of the 813e7,0
made by General Serrano and the United States Mintio
at their interview have been published, but, as
expected, they contain nothing beyond general staternes
The language of the two Ministers was, in fact, i't°'
friendly and judicious.

The owners of the Sonora, destroyed by i?
Alabama, have brought a suit in the United Statesof
trict Court against Mr. Laird to recover the loss. nit
allege that the Alabama was fitted out in violation 011:0
and Mr. Laird has funds in the United States, which , :for
been attached pending the decision, the claim bei
$119,000. 110
Captain Hannies and Colonel Gorloff, the ft
elan Commissioners who have been superintendinkeir
Hartford, Connecticut, the manufacture of arms for tt: of
G.vernment, recently presented to Mr. A. B. Weave'ol,
Cod's factory, a solid silver tobacco box, lined with a to
as a token of their esteem. Captain Ilannies ietu t.
Russia, but his companion has bought a residence in
ford and sent for his family to join him.
build);,
Le Grand Lockwood, of New York, is build);,ono of the finest residences in this country at Nor L at,
Connecticut. It will cost $1,000,000, and one of 'not'
tractions will be a picture gallery adorned by such gra
d•
ings as Bierstadt's " Domes of the Yosemite" and re'
ford's "Crushed by Icebergs." Larkin G. Mead, the, will
nowned Vermont sculptor, designed the statuary theb.,„oo
ornament the grounds. The house warming will be
time in the coming year.
Chief Justice Jay's opinions on the Constitati.Del
of the United States are about to be ventilated in a ltlioa
suit of a curious character now in course of determinanly
in New York city. The plaintiff, the publisher of a, the
gazine, gave, in 1864, some historical reminiscences 01 of
life and career of Chief Justice Jay, one of the franiers'y
the Federal Constitution, in which he stated etts,l4l
tially that the Chief Justice was never a P",- a 0
supporter of the conditions of that instrumenic, esl
propounded. The defendant, John Jay, is a 'Lie
descendant of Chief Justice Jay, and in reply publisucop.. '
letter or card controverting some of the allegations tthe
cerning his illustrious relative, and asserting tha
opt
plaintiff was not a supporter of the Federal Govern the
himse:f, but was in sympathy with, the rebellion. 111104
case now stands, it appears that the question a "th,
Justice Jay's opinions on the Constitution will be ads'
witted to the jury, for the plaintiff has asked that the the
fondant may be compelled to disclose certain letters °To3l,ef
subject in his possession, which were written by the
Justice between the years 1776 and 1779.

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Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham Cross,
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Births.
f,gdf
CECIL—On the 11th inst., at 32, Eccleston-square,
Eustace Cecil, prematurely, of a daughter, stillborn',or
OLIVEn—On the 13th inst., at 7, Essex Villas, 1i.e05/
ton, the wife of Thomas Oliver, Esq., of a son.

Marriages. St,
ASHWORTH —BLACK WOOD -On the 14th instant, a" to
George's, Hanover-square, F. C. Ashworth, El,"elv
Charlotte, third daughter of the late Sir Henry Ph.-
wood, Bart..
101
GARDNER—CURTIS—On the 13th fast, at St. aLaZii'l
Plaistow, James Martin Gardner, to Elizabeth,
daughter of the late R. L. Curtis, Esq., of Plaistow'.

Deaths.
141
BO DELL—On the 13th inst., at Kent Lodge, Brixton-
Charles Boydell, Esq., aged 32.
EMMETT—On the 13th inst., at Hornsey-road, N., '' rI-A
‘)
Emmett, Esq., aged 72. 001'
MAR —On the 13th inst., at Bognor, Sussex, Lieut.-
C. C. P. Mair, late 99th Regt., aged 70,

London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AND° 11%;
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Ms, No
pt
Strand, in the Precinct of the Ss voy, tu shs 0203"
Bliddloot—Thurrictily, (MOIR 15, 1868.

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