The Sun.
London, England, 1857-09-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LO N DON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEP TEMBER 1, 1857

June, some 24,000 British soldiers have sailed I
from our shores to the scene of action—that
is to say, about 9,000 in the month of July,
and about 15,000 more in August. The mere
fact of such an augmentation to the European
troops will discourage the disaffected, confirm the
wavering, and assure the timid. The prestige of
our name has been fully maintained on all occa-
sions, and it is not too much to say that Euro-
pean troops would overcome, or conquer, five
times their number of the highly favoured
Brahmins. The 24,000 men, already en
route, will, therefore, do much to restore
the Anglo-Indian Empire,. It must also be
borne in mind that they are exclusive of the
troops diverted from their Chinese destination, or
which may be forwarded from the Cape or other
English colonies. It is not too much to say that
7,000 or 8,000 staunch auxiliaries ought to be
received from these sources, so that there will be
an addition of about 32,000 bayonets and sabres,
and still better, of experienced artillerymen and
engineers added to the available resources, in
time for the opening of the second campaign,
on which so much depends. These
will be in addition to the regular Indian establish-
ment, which consisted of some 38,000 or 40,000
troops, so that we shall be enabled to take the
field when the proper season arrives, with some
70,000 Europeans, independent of the faithful
• natives.

Under such circumstances, there is but little
reason for apprehension, but still it is indispen-
sable that the Government should not relax their
exertions in the slightest degree. It would re-
quire very considerable efforts to maintain the
force that will be prepared to take the field before
the close of the year, and for some time to come
that force must be fully kept up, without reduc-
tion or diminution. This alone will keep the
Government actively employed, without permitting
any relapse into carelessness or apathy.
But will this be sufficient Y We think not.
Every pound now expended will save ten, aye
twenty times the amount at a future period.
There can be no greater mistake than drawing the
line too finely in the, first instance, when any of
the casualties so frequent in war will disturb
every calculation, and convert what might be a
decided triumph. into very equivocal success. It
was Mr. GLADSTONE'S notion of defraying the
expenses of the Crimean war out of the current
revenue that quadrupled the expenditure. The
Chancellor of the Exchequer is the last perscn
who should be made a dictator. In the present
instance a spurious economy is even more unwise.
The whole expenditure will, in the first instance,
fall on the East India Company, and by sus-
taining them in an adequate manner, we
shall save our own pockets and preserve the In-
dian Empire. All that is wanting is our "credit,"
and that should be freely given under the circum-
stances. The interests are identical, and every
undue or excessive charge now placed on them
must ultimately fall on the United Kingdom—
when the nominal rule of the Company shall be
transferred to Queen VICTORIA, and she becomes
the Sovereign of India, as completely as she is of
Great Britain and Ireland.

The winner in the Session—that's the ques- '
tion—and one not very difficult to answer. PAL-
MERSTON has won in a canter. The February
start proved a false one ; or rather COBDEN,
GLADSTONE, and DISRAELI had coalesced to win
together. The judges could not say which was a
nostril's breadth ahead of the other, for all arrived
in the same division at the same lobby. The race
must be run again therefore, says the Premier,
only, the country this time must start the racers.
No sooner said than done. The 3d of March
saw the triumph of the coalition, the 23d saw
them and theirs scampering all over the United
Kingdom, with election writs at their heels, if in-
deed they had not anticipated the ex-M.P.'s.
Short, sharp and merry was the struggle ; DERBY
and YEH, PALMERSTON and British honour, were
the cries of the leaders; PALMERSTON and Reform,
the cry of the people ; PALMERSTON "the man of
GOD," the cry of the Reverends and the Shaftes-
buryites ; PALMERSTON and the Jews, the
cry of the City—PALMERSTON and Church Rate
Abolition, the cry [of the Dissenters ;
PALMERSTON and something or other, was the cry
of all : even the Tories cried that they meant not
to turn him out, that he had misbehaved to be
sure in the case of YETI V. BOWRING, but they
must now support him as counsel for England. No
wonder, therefore, that he entered the second ses-
sion of 1857 with a majority of 100. The only
wonder is that it was not double the number.
He has won again in the session itself, though
it is not to be denied that he has also lost some-
thing. He is not so strong, politically, as he was.
He took the Jews question from Lord JOHN Rus-
SELL with a kind of taunting apology that making
a Government measure of it would b© more
likely to insure its success. The House of Com-
mons was known of course to present no difficulty,
but PALMERSTON was to do what RUSSELL had
never done, he was to carry the Lords. He did
not even carry all the Lards of his own cabinet.
That was a very great failure. To take the mea-
sure from Lord JOHN because it could only succeed
as a Government measure, then to let one of his
own Cabinet walk out of the Lards on a division,
and the other Lords contemptuously kick the bill
after him, this was a fall. H tying made it a
Government measure, to be snubbed by one of
the Tories of his own Cabinet was what none of
our great Ministers with a majority of one hun-
dred and forty at his back would have submitted
to for a moment. PALMERSTON has lost the re-
putation of being master of his own Council, and
lost, for his large majority, and for the country
which elected it, the opinion that it could van-
quish the Lords.
He has lost, too, some ground with the Dis-
senters. He not only professed himself a
Church Rate Abolitionist, but distinctly promised
to bring in a bill this session—at least declared
it to be the intention of Government to bring in
a bill on the subject ; he has not done it, and
every litigant parish will remember that Lord
PALMERSTON is not quite the man they took him
to be. Neither were the Dissenters much pleased
with his giving 10,0001. of the nation's money
for building new churches in London. Seeing,
that the said Dissenters are at least as numerous
as the churchmen, and, as we see, are building
chapels every day in the "destitute" portions of
the metropolis, they naturally ask, why should
the nation's money go to the erection of places of
worship for one sect only ? Perhaps the Premier

were that fairly before them, there is no doubt he

could command his full majority. His team slips

a little, that is all, at present ; they are his team

still, and, on the whole, keep the road.

After all, he is a great gainer. The Indian
mutiny actually leaves him stronger. People
fancy he is the only man just now for that, as he
was the man for YES, and, before his affair, for
the CZAR. But for the incompetency of his gen-
tlemanly Indian Minister, India would ensure
his Premiership for some time to come. We
need, however, a dictator at the Board of Con-
trol, who knows his own mind, who will not quail
at the most decided measures, who is really ac-
quainted with Indian affairs and with the charac-
ter of Orientals, and on whom England and India
could rely here, as much as they rely on Sir COLIN
CAMPBELL. Lord PALMERSTON must reassure us,
and strengthen his own position, by giving us a
real Indian Minister.

But we must acknowledge that ecclesiastically,
oddly enough, Lord PALMERSTON has done most
to content the Liberals, and to advance their
cause. There is the Ministers' Money Act for Ire-

land, whichhas liberated Catholics from a provoking
tax for the support of Protestant, perhaps Orange
ministers: the Edinburgh A nnnuity Tax and Church
Rates must soon follow "Ministers' Money," for they
are identical in principle. Then the Burials' Act
has put down episcopal bigotry on a point most
offensive to the laity of all nations. Their Lord-
ships will no longer be able to require partition

walls between the consecrated and unconsecrated
ground : it also has prohibited the Boards from
charging persons who use the unconsecrated ground
with clerical fees, merely to save the clergyman
from competition—a most unrighteous tax on dis-
senters, whose ministers, as the rule, are paid by
salaries, and not by fees. The grand achievement
of the Session, no doubt, however, is the two
Acts which withdraw jurisdiction in testamentary
and matrimonial business from the Ecclesiastical
Courts. True, the House of Commons has con-
sented to an inexcusable compromise with the

proctors ; the interest of 2,000,0001. at five per
cent. is to be paid to those gentlemen as " com-
pensation," and that after the very long warning
they have had to set their house in order. We
think this to be wanton and unprincipled waste of
the nation's money. We have, however, gained the
point of virtually abolishing these Courti Chris-
tian, these hateful creations of the middle age
superstition, when Wills and Matrimonial Causes
were considered the proper perquisite of an avari-
cious and ambitious clergy. When Church Rates
are abolished, these Warts will be nearly extinct ;
their jurisdiction over her MAJESTY'S lieges gene-
rally, in scandal, brawling in churchyards SLi.,
will of course be transferred to Courts of Law

and common sense.
But Lord PALMERSTON and his session have gained
something better than all—her MAJESTY'S appro-
bation. On Friday morning she went away, indeed,
express for Balmoral, Mr. Denison taking precau-
tions for her safety, which, were they taken for all
of us,would spare us many widows and orphans, and
no end of broken bones and bruises in the course
of the year. She left her Royal commands, how-
ever, to praise the zeal and assiduity of her Lords
and Gentlemen during a short but un-
usually laborious Session ; to praise them for a
long list of Acts, so long a one as we never heard
from Royalty before ; and first and foremost to
praise them for the liberal provision made for her
daughter, in prospect of her marriage with the
needy family of HOHENZOLLERN'. The Premier
has, indeed, gained much ; it has been his lot to
vote the most magnificent dowry on record to the
Prince Consort of his SOVEREIGN'. Perhaps tie
nation, however, may wish the Member for Lula-
beth to be his Chancellor of the Exchequer, should
another dowry be required for another Royal
Princess and another pauper Prince.

The Election for Middlesex is fixed for Thurs-
day next, and it is more than probable that it
will terminate in a walk over for the Hon. GEO.
BYNG, the only candidate who has as yet addressed
the electors. Under ordinary circumstances, we
should not regard such a result with much satis-
faction. But we are bound to say that Mr.
BYNG offers an exception to the general
rule. It is not merely that he has been
connected, by long - existing family ties,
with the constituency, that his uncle became
" father of the House of Commons," by virtue of
the favour with which he was justly regarded by
the electors of the Metropolitan county, which he
represented for more than half a century without
a single interval. These, unquestionably, con-
stitute strong claims ; but unless he could pass
successfully through the ordeal on his own merits
he should not obtain our support. Bat Mr. BYNG,
although a young man, has already afforded
unequivocal proofs of the possession of abilities of
no common order that may qualify him for a high
position amongst the rising statesmen, the future
hope of England. He has shown that his views
are sound in almost every respect—that he is a
staunch and thorough-paced Liberal, regarding
the honour of Great Britain, which he would
never sacrifice under any circumstances—or, to
use his own words, he shall " always be the
advocate of a spirited foreign policy, shown
in deeds not in words." This is as it should be.
It contains the very essence of our dealings with
other nations, to respect ourselves, and we shall
compel them to respect us—to let it be thor.)ughty
understood that we shall not submit to wilful and
deliberate insult or injury, and when that is
known we shall have neither insult nor injury to
complain of.

Respectingindia he recognises the imperative
necessity of sending an adequate force to regain
our prestige, not lost, fortunately, but greatly
endangered. B3sides, he shows a manifest loan-
ing towards the transfer of the government from
the incompetent hands by which it is now wielded
to those of Ministers responsible to the SOVEREIGN
and the People of Great Britain for the manner
in which they exercise their power.

Respecting questions of domestic interact, his
opinions are very satisfactiry. Etc is the unflinch-
ing advocate of a large and comprehensive mea-
sure of Parliamentary Reform, including an
extension of the Suffrage, THE BALLOT, Abolition
of the Property Qualification, and some more
equitable apportionment of Electoral Divisiour.
This is a handsome bidding fir the support of
all classes of reformers. Besides he has been
the strenuous supporter of Hebrew anaucipation
since he had a seat in Parliament, and his trium-
phant return for Middlesex will give a useful hint
to the recalcitrant Peers.

Oa church rates too he is equally clear and ea:-
phatic. He desires their total abolition, as well
as the equalisation of poor rates, c)n.3eiving that
an universal charge of la. in the pound
woul.l be sufficient for every purpose. Whc.n,
in addition to this, we sthts that he d, -
sires a more equitable apportionment of the
property tax, thinking that none should come
within its scope who have not at least
1501. per annurr, and that proper distinction
should be made between incomes derived from
industry, and from the possession of accumulated
and realised property, WQ have stated sufficient to
show that he is a fitting representative for the

County of Middlesex, and we trust that his un-
opposed return will greatly advance the good
causes which he has so strenuously and energeti-
cally advocated.

THE RED SEA TELEGRAPH CO3IPA.NI'.

LATEST NE *V •
L.) •

FRANCE.
PARIS, MONDAY EVENING . •
The Moniteitr contains the following announce-
tuent:—" The diplomatic relations between the
representatives of France, Russia, Prussia, and
Sardinia, on the one hand, and the Sublime Porte
Jn the other, were resumed on the 29th August."
" The project of an interview of the Emperor
Alexander with the Emperor Napoleon," says a
letter from Baden-Baden, `•is no longer a secret for
t.ny one ; it is regarded here as a thing definitively
decided on. This interview will take place at
Darmstadt, during the residence of the Emperor
Alexander in that town, that is to say, between
the 16th and the 22d September. It is positively
stated that this interview, which has several times
times occupied the attention of the European press,
was originally intended to take place at the court
of Potsdam, but it appears the health of the King
of Prussia is not yet sufficiently re-established for
Ire physicians of his Majesty to allow him to expose
himself to the fatigues inseparable from such a
tweeting of sovereigns."
Prince Napoleon left on Saturday evening to be
present at the inauguration, by the King of Sar-
dinia, of the works for uniting the French and
Sardinian railways. The Moniteur, in announcing
the fact, says :—" The Prince will be present with
the King on Monday morning at Modaua, at the
explosion of the first mine of the tunnel of which
the Victor Emmanuel Railway will pass through
Mont Cenis, and on the following day at Culos, at
the laying of the first stone of the bridge over
which the railway will cross the Rhcne and unite
the frontier of Savoy to that of France."
Cardinal Dupont, archbishop of Bourges, is to
proceed to Rome, it is said, at the end of Sept.,
charged with a mission from the Emperor of the
French.

Captain Doineau, the French Government officer,
charged with the tripe assassination of Tlemcen,
and various robberies in Algeria, has been found
guilty and condemned to death. _ _ .

BOURSE, Aug. 3L—The following were the last
quota; ions :

Cash. fr. c. End of Month.
i3/4 per Centa
3 per Cents 6G 95 C 6 85
Bank Shares 2,760 Credit Foncier — --
3redit Mobilier 950 Roman
Do. A,--- •nt 952 50 A-- ' ' 89,1

JO. ...I.OOOJII, -tustrian
Belgian ..... Spanish Threes
Piedmontese (5) B9 95 Home Debt

RAILWAYS—FOR CASII.
tr. c.

ft c.

Orleans 1,4561.— Western
Northern
Lyons and Med B)5 Now Ditto
New Ditto BS3!;— Grand Central . ..... 6161
leneva
.11.idi

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. 1

The following interesting paper was read on
Friday :

THE " GREAT EASTERN " STEA.M.SHIP.

Mr. J. Scott Russell laid before section G some of the
mechanical details of the construction of the great ship
now building at his establishment at Millwall. Tee
first point related to the peculiarity of her great size ;
the second, on which her merits or demerits as a piece
of naval architecture depended, was the general struc•
tore or lines of the ship ; the third point would be the
distribution of materials in the construction of the ship,
so as to obtain the safest and strongest possible
structure with the minimum of materials ; and the
last point would be to allude generally to tile mechanical
arrangements for Ler propulsion. With respect to size,
it was generally supposed that as a practical ship-
builder he was an advocate for big ships. The contrary,
however, was the fact. There were cases in which big
ships were good, and there were certain cases in which
big ships were ruinous to their owners. In every case
the smelleet ship that would supply the convenience of
trade was the right ship to buiid. He came there as an
advocate of little ships, and it was the peculiarity of
the Great Eastern that she was the smallest ship
capable of doing the work she was intended to do ;
and he believed that if she answered the purpose
for which sho was designed, sho would continue to
be the smallest ship possible for her voyage. It
was found by experience that no steam ship could be
worked profitably which was of less size than a ton to a
mile of the soyage she was to perform, carrying her own
coal. Thus a ship intended to ply between England and
Ametica would not pay permanently unless she were of
2,500 tons or 3,000 tons burden. In like wanner, if a
vessel were intended to go from this country to Australia
or India without coaling on going our, but taking her
coals with her, she would require to be 13,000 tons bur-
den ; and turning to the case before them, it would be
found that the big ship was a little short of the proper
size. Her voyage to Australia and back would be
25,000 miles ; her tonnage, therefore, should be 25,000
tons, whereas its actual amount was 22 000 tons. The
idea of making a ship large enough to carry her own coals
fora voyage to Australia and back again was the idea of a
man famous for large ideas—Mr. Brunel. lie suggested
the matter to him (Hr. Russell) as a practical ship-
builder, and the result was the monster vessel which he
was about to describe. He had peculiar pleasure in
laying a description of the lines of the ship before the
present meeting, because the ship as a naval structure,
as far as her lines were cencerned, was a child of that 1
section of the British Association. It was 22 years
since they had the pleasure of meeting together in Dub-
lin. On that occasion he laid before the mechanical
,ection a form of construction which had since become
wall known as the wave line. The section received the
idea so well that it appointed a commission to examine
into the matter, with the intention, if they found the
wave principle to be the true principle, to proclaim
it to the work'. The committee pursued its inves-
tigatione, publishing the results in the account of
their transactions, and from that time to the present
he had continued to make large and small vessels on
the wave principle, and the diffusion of this know-
ledge through the " Transactions" of the British Asso-
ciation had led to its almost universal adoption. Where-
ever they found a steam vessel with a high reputation for
speed, economy of fuel, and good qualities at sea, he
would undertake to say that they would find she was
constructed on the wave principle. Mr. Robert M`Cey,
the builder of the great American clipper, paid him a
visit twelve months ago at Millwall to see the big ship,
and he then very candidly said-7e" Mr. Russell, I have
adopted the wave principle in the construction of all my
American clippers, stud that is my secret. I first
found the account of the wave line in the publications
of the British Association." (Hear, hear,) He would
endeavour to explain what were the principles of the
wave line as distinguished from the older fashioned modes
of building, and how they were carried out in the big
ship. All practical men knew that the first thing
a shipbuilder had te think of was what was called the
midship section of the vessel—that was the section which
would be made if the ship were cut through the middle,
and the spectator saw the cut portions. Mr. Russell
here pointed out a diagram of the midship section of the
Wave, a small vessel about 71 tons burden, which was

the first ever constructed upon that principle. Now, the
first thing to be done in building a steam vessel was to
make a calculation of the size of the midship section in
the water. I❑ sailing from one place to another it was
usc'essary to excavate a canal out of the water large

enough to allow the whole body of the ship to pass through.
The problem was how to do that most economically, and
this was effected by making the canal as yarrow and as
shallow as possible, so that there would he the smallest
quantity of water possible to excavate. Therefore it was
that the shipbuilder endeavoured to obtain ae small a mid-
ship section as he could, and that had been effected in the
case of the big ship, whose midship section was small
—sot small absolutely, but small in proportion. In
increasing the tonnage of a ship three things were to be
considered—the paying power, the propelling power,
and the dimensions. Mr. Russell then entered into a
calculation to show that while he doubled the money-
earning power of a ship by increasing its size, he only
increased its midship section by 50 per cent. For in-
sta.- c', a ship of 2,500 tons would have 500 feet of exca-
vation through the water to do ; the gig ship had 2,000
feet of excavation, and the lineal dimensions of the one
were to the lineal dimensions of the ether as 1 to 2.1.
The excavation to be done by the big ship in relation to
that to be done by the small ship was as 2,000 to 500
feet, or four to ono ; but the carrying power was as 25
thousand to 25 hundred. To propel the big ship they
had a nominal horse-power of 2,500, while to propel
the smaller vessel there was a nominal horse-power of
500 ; so that the big ship would be worked quite as
, economically as the small one. (Hear ) Re'errieg again
to the wave lane, he would suppose that it was given as
a problem to any one to design a ship on the wave prin-
ciple. The first thing to be done was to settle the speed
at which the ship was intended to go. If the speed were
fixed at 10 miles an hour, a reference to the table of the
wave principle would show that in order to effect that
object the length of the ship's bows ought to be about 60
feet and her stern about 40. If a larger vessel were re-
quired—say a ship of 130 feet long, there would be
nething more to do than to put a middle body of 30
feet in length between the bow and the stern. (Hear,
hear.) Having then made the width of the ship in
accordance with the midship section agreed upon,
it would be necessary to draw what was known as
the wave line on both sides of the bow, and the
wave line of the second order on both sides of the stern
Constructed in this manner, and propelled by the ordi-
nary amount of horse-power, the ship would sail pre-
cisely ten miles an hour. They could go slower than ten
mike an hour if necessary, and in doing so they would
economise fuel, in consequence of the diminished resist-
arca of the water, whereas there would be a vastly
increased resistance if an attempt were made to drive
the steamer more than ten miles an hour. (Hear,
hear.) Now, with respect to the big ship. For the
speed at which it was intended to drive the Great
Eastern, it was found that the length of the bow should
be 330 feet, the length of the stern 220 feet, of the
middle body 120 feet, and of the sere w propeller 10
feet, making in all 680 feet in length. The lines
on which she was constructed were neither more
nor lees than an extended copy of the lines of all ships
which he had built since he first laid the wave prin-
ciple before that association. (Applause.) It was his
pride that he had not put a single experiment or novelty
into the structure of the vessel, with one or two excep-
tions, which he had adopted on the recommendation of
men who had had practical experience of their efficacy.
The wave principle had never in asingleinstance deceived
him as to the exact shape a vessel ought to be in order
to accomplish a certain rate of speed, and he had there-
fore adopted it in the construct on of the big ship.
(Hear, hear.) He would next refer to the mechanical
construction of the ship, the arrangement of the iron
of which she was made, and the objects of those ar-
rangements. It was much to be desired that our me-
chanical sciences should make progress by the simple
adoption of what was best, come from where it might;
but he was sorry to say that iron shipbuilding did
not grow in that manner. They commenced by servilely
imitating the construction of wooden ships, thereby in-
curring a great deal of unnecessary labour and expense.
There was this great difference between the strength of
iron and of wood, that while the latter was weak cross-
ways and strong lengthways, or with the grain of the
timber, iron was almost i qually strong either way. This
had been clearly ascertained by experiments made by
Mr. Fairbairn and Mr. M. Hodgkineon, at the request
of the British Association, in whose "Transactions" the
results were published to the world. The consequence
was that the ribs or frames used to strengthen wooden
ships were rendered unnecessary in ship-building ; and
acting on this principle, the Wave, in the construction
of which he was assisted by two Irishmen, was built
of iron entirely, with bulkheads, and had not a frame in
her from one end to the other. He was ashamed to say
he did not always practise what he preached. He was
compelled, against his will, by the persons for whom he
built to pursue the old system ; besides which there
were laws of trade, acts of Parliament, and Lloyd's rule,
to which he was obliged to conform. Thus if he did
not put a certain number of frames on the ship a black
mark would be put upon her, and she would not be
allowed to go to sea. But whenever he was allowed to
build according to his judgment he built in what he
considered to be the best way ; and he believed that
in what he was now placing before the section he was
laying the grounds of meeting the Brithh Association
that day 20 years—(a laugh)—and finding that the
mode of mechanical construction which he proposed
had been universally adopted on the wave principle
because of the publications of the British Associa-
tion. (Applause.) Mr. Scott Russell then pro-
ceeded to give an elaborate description of the old
method of constructing an iron ship, contrasting- it with
the improved style which he pursued at present. Instead
of the mass of wooden rubbid3, which did not streeg
hen
the ship and involved enormous expense, he placed in-
side the iron shell as many complete bulkheads as the
owner permit ed bins to do, and then constructed in the
intermediate spaces partial bulkheads, or bulkheads in
the centre of which holes had been cut for the purpose of
stowage. The deck was strengthened by the introduc-
tion of pieces of anele iron and other contrivances, and
as an iron ship wh, n weak was not weak crossways, but
lengthways, he strengthened it in this direction by means
of two loneitudinal bulkheads, and the result was a
strength and solidity which could not be obtained. in any
I
other way. The Great Eastern had all these mprove.
ments, and, in additioe, the cellular system, so success-
folly al plied in the Britannia Bridge, had been introduced
all round the bottom and under the deck of the ship,
giving the greatest amount of strength to resist crushing
that could be procured. A great deal of alarm had been
some persons as to the launching of the
x.Atessed by
ship si,i,wayg, but these apprehensions were ground-
less. Tee ground sloped from where the vessel now
I stood at a steep incline of 1 in 12, and when the

supports were withdrawn, if everything were in proper
order sho must nece,i:arily slide down safely into the
water. As he had already observed, there was nothing
new in the f hip but her great size and cellular construc-
tion. It was true she would be propelled both by a
screw and paddles, but there was no reason to doubt
that they would work harmoniously. He wished he
could tell them ho-m fast sho would go, but that was the
secret of the owner of the ship. (Laughter.) After
some further observations, Mr. Russel resumed his seat
amidst loud and continued applause.
Mr. Fairbairn expresed the pleasure with which he
had listened to the lucid description given by Mr.
Russell, and his hearty concurrence in ti.e mole in
which the ship had been built. He moved a vote of
thanks to Mr. Russell,

Mr. Rennie seconded the motion, which way adopted.

LLOYDI-3 611IPPING.—(This Day.)

LONDON, Sept. I.—Wind this day at noon, W.; light
breeze and cloudy.
FALMOUTH, Aug. 31.—Wind E.—Arrived—Warden,
from Moniwien.

NEWPORT, Aug. 31.—Wind W.—Arrived—Vouvarts,
from Quebec ; Huron, from Gloucester for St. Thomas;
Australia, from Dublin for Cuba. Sailed—lmmo, for JD"
maica.

CARDIFF, Aug. 31.—Wind calm.--Arrived—Ailsa, from
Quebec.
SWANSEA, Aug. 31.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—T_Tnited•
from Coquimbo ; Lisbon, Quebec.

OFF I)OVER, Aug. 3i --Artived—Antge Bring, from
Richibucto for Hull; Charles, from Antwerp for Vail's'
raiso.

QUEENSTOWN, Aug.. 30.---Wind E.—Arrived—Hans•
sleket, from Callao ; Lagos, from Bahia for London.
CROOKFIAVEN, Aug. 31.—Arrived—Mary Morton, from
Windsor, U.S., for Glasgow.
SUNDERLAND, Aug. 31.—The William and Isabella, of
London, was run down on the Dog6er Bank, 28th inst•;
crew saved.

(PER ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
'LIVERPOOL, Tuesday Morning.
Wind N.N.W.

Arrived —Herald, from Antwerp ; Lady Ogle, Halifax ;
Vancldinbarmereld, Akyab ; Wigrams, Brazils; Jane
Lowden, Quebec.

Sailed—Bertha, for Valparaiso ; Star of the West, Ga•
latz ; Hesperus, St. Petersburg ; Sunshine, Bonny ;
dormer°, New Orleans ; Alma, Restigouche ; Carlos, Vera
Cruz ; Henrietta Rebecca, St. Thomas ; Liburnia, Alexair
dria ; Twin Sisters, Narva. _ _

QUEENSTOWN, August 3:).

Wind E

Arrived—Elizabeth Nicholson, from Taganrog; gar"
raseeket Callao ; Lagos, Bahia ; Athelea, London, for
troops ; Western Star, Rangoon, for Falmouth, leaky,
having been in collision with a barque on the 28th, at
10 p.m. The barque, name unknown, sank and all ban&
perished.

CROOKILIVEY, August 29.
Arrived—Exclusion, from Malaga; Mary Morton,
Windsor; Ann and John, Galatz ; Eliza, GJlafz.
DUBLIN, August 31.
Wind N.W.
Arrived—Walker, from Miramichi.

SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Tuesday, 9.30 a. 133.
Wind S. ; tide two hour's flood, cloudy, with rain.
Arrived, Aug. 31—Auguste, from Gravolines ; C .51
Agnes, Antwerp ; Thomas Vegbie, Archangel; Let re
Alone, Rotterd tra ; Aurora, Petersburg ; British Lion,
Calcutta ; Essex, Callao.

Sailed—Sept. I—Falsted, for Konigsburg.
DEAL, Tuesday, 9 a.ra• •
Wind W.S.W., moderate.
Passed.—Dauntless, from the Mediterranean, for L 0.12.
don ; Mary Hawes, Bor.leaux, London ; Eliza, brig'
Boi deans, Shields ; Vernus, Worcum, London ; Paull•
snla, screw steamer, from Cadiz, London.

SuIIIDE ON THE GREAT NORTHERN IZAILWAY----"'
terday inf. equation was received that a man had eorr/:
mitted sthcide on the Great Northern Railway, by al'
ting on the metals near the Stroud Green-lane, and go
loving a train tomss over him.
Tile Pays assures us that it has reliable information 0.6
to the non-evacuation of Herat. It says that the Sirdar
Murad Mirza had informed the Persian Goverisraeet
that the Affghan chief to whom the place was to be given
.
up was not in a position to take possession of it, ,
having been for many months quite hemmed in by t 4",.
Atfghans at Kandahar. The Pays further states tho,l
this state of things was well kdown at Teheran, as welt
as to General Jacob, commanding the Btit,sh forces at
Affghanistan. It is hoped, however, from subsecltlefd
letters, that the contending tribes would be pacified,
ti a orders have been sent from Teheran for the evacutv
tion of Herat.
THE YELLOW FEVER.—The yellow fever still linger!
amongst the shiep:ng in the West Indies, but there is 0:
fear that it will be prevalent again for the peesf:o7l
Several hundred seamen and officers have fallen victleia
to it this summer. The La Plata left Southampton
the 17th July, and towards the latter end of that mentor
arid when the ship was within a few days of St. Thoton
Dr. Schuyler, the surgeon of the steamer, cornmenS,
administering a few grains of quinine daily to every °
cer and man on board as a prophylactic, and contain",
this treatment all the time the ship was at St. rho Dr.
All hands were piped once a day to take medicine. p:
Schuyler carried out also a thorough system of Yentas,
tion and cleanliness on board. While the La Plata 'Or
was St. Thome., there were some cases of yellow :ever
on board the ships while they were coaling ; but there
was not the slightest symptom of fever in the La Val
from the time she left Southampton until she returned
again—a circumstance that has not happened with either
of the Royal Mail Company's ships for months. DO'
Webber and Dusautoy, the quarautine officers, gave the
La Plata prat!que iminediat-ly on her arrival at Sond"
ampton, and complimented Dr Schuyler on the healtbl
state of his ship, which they attributed entirely to
.131
mode of treatment. Quinine as a prophylactic agatos'
disease has been tried on the coast of Africa, but never
so systematically nor with such signal success as by the
surgeon of the La Plata.
yes-
TEE GENERAL COURT-MARTIAL AT C°llrt.
terday morning the members of the General ..
martial re-assembled at Chatham Barracks,be
under
presidency of Colonel H. Jervis, to proceed with
trial of Captain Jas. S. Macauley, Ist West India B, eugt,
ment, who was charged with "insubordinate ennutitbe
in having at Government house, Sierra Leone, en ocl
6th of March, 1857, disobeyed the lawful conim, do
of Lieutenant-Colonel S. J. Hill, 2d West i°
Regiment, commanding the troops at Sierra l'e? g
fu,l3
and its dependencies, his superior officer, in re ist
to assume the command of 'a detachment of tbe r,
.
West India R giment, stationed at Tower-hill 13:0
racks, Sierra Leone, he at the time being the senior :its
cer of his corps, Lieutenant-Colonel J. Clarke ben;sae.
arrest." After hearing evidence and the prisoner :14s,
fence, the Court deliberated for a quarter of an 'WI
The decision will not be known until approved 139,0
Commander-in-Chief. The Court then proceeds d ;ea
the trial of Captain C. J. Dowse, R.A., who was cbor°fg,
with having made a false report to his commandingf aocer, also with conduct unbecoming the character %sic'
officer and a gentleman, by leaving certain debts Orair
at St. Helena. At the close of the case for the Prttope
tion the prisoner addressed the Court, expressing 0 The
that it could take a merciful view of his case.. bit
Court then deliberated for a short time, after cvb,.l°,oll
broke up, having been occupied nearly a fortnight
these trials. Olt

CENSUS or DELHI IN 1845-46.—As at the Prelie
moment every species of information regarding 00
imperial city is anxiously soups after, no apologY foo
be necessary for troubling our readers with detailsc)oof
dry a nature as the following. On taking the 041'60
1846, it was ascertained that Delhi containd 24'088t
houses, 9 945 shops, mostly one--storied, 261 reoscloe
188 temples, 1 church, 768 wells, and 196 sehoGa• hog/
total population consisted of 137,977 souls, of w 90
69,738 were males, and 68,239 females. Of theseroi,
families, or 327 persons, were Christians ; 14,768,51
lies, or 66,120 persons were Mohammedans; and I', eta
families, or 71,530 persons were Hindoos. In the
.500
1346, there were horn 1,994 males and 1,910 female° foil,
marriages were 953 in number • and 4,850 deaths occll;th9t
Of the last, 1,320 took place before the age of 12 133°'',117'
493 between 12 months and 2 years, 843 between 2 ate 15
years, and 2,191 above that age. The census of to
villa,zes forming the suburbs of Delhi comes d 0 ;%,
1847. The then contained 22,302 inhabitants, org ;
of Hindoos, 709 cultivators, 14,906 non-eultivatoote
and of Mahonunedans, 495 cultivators, and 6,19 d rtbi
cultivators. In this return there are two points 0,00
of notice. The first is, that notwithstanding the Pra::000
of polygamy, there is a very trifling difference 1)(4 oeli
the number of males and that of . females. The lige
inference to be drawn from this fact is, that a apt,
proportion of the males must be unmarried, and "tbet
consequently, dissolute habits are the rule. Toe °nolo
point to be remarked is the equal division of the P", 00
tion into Hindoos and Mahommedans. Throng': to
Bengal generally the former is to the latter as thrr to
one. This exceptional fact is, of course, attribulab,d:rea
the circumstance that Delhi has always been contecito
as the head-quarters and capital of the Illohan
population of India.—Allen:s Indian Mail.
, firsttl)
ROYAL ALBERT BRIDGE AT SALTASII.—The r -
of this bridge, by which the Cornwall Railway 1/1 sot
to/
the Tamar at Saltash, will be floated into its Pia ele
day (Tuesday.) The bridge has been constructed blostis
Brunel. Its length is 2;200 feet ; the span of each 00;
opening is 455 feet ; the height of the centre frotnote
dations, 240 feet ; height of roadway above bigbssd°.!
mark, 100 feet. The centre pier is of granite, fona"-rsi,,b,
rook in the bed of the river. The roadway over tbbeichl°
will be stipp-rted by two iron tubes. The tube w° roes;
about to be lifted has just been tested by Mr. ""v"011)
The work connected with the absolute lifting ci-frol
commenced about noon. The tubes will be lilts lased
the place where it was built by means of pontoo'leete
at either end. When lifted the whole mass will be ease
round towards the piers where it is destined to 13° t tbv,
tually fixe 4. After being lilted it is eAiinatt.d t"froaie
labour of floating the ponderous body will osenPlie tbo
two t) three hours. The pontoons to be einploYe'd 544
undertaking will draw abont Bft. 6.n. of water, noy 'lO
idea of their capabilities of supporting weght„,ersi4
gathered from the fact that every extra foot of inioira"lo
will be equal to 250 tons. The Lords of the Au rest to
have kindly granted the use of some GoverremenGtoboor
fur the occa-ion, and gear from the delayers!. tbe Pilot
and lumps will be sneered in stated positions for
,i,to
pose of using their capstans on board. About .4)-v obi -Pi
will be employed in the work, in addition tr°_,ecer.l:
H.M.S. Ajax will furnish some boat parties foo tejiof;
service, and the admiral superintendent hm, w,
offered the service of some hands from the BoYa'%typcl
should further strength be required. CaPtaaineweei
R.N., who had charge of the floating of th
er
Conway bridges, will be present to superintell_ntoopo,
thing afloat, Mr. Brunel taking control of the
ar' fittg_,
and will direct operations by means of signals ac'_„,iq_
The railway will runfroam
special
eiadl
Steamers will ply
the scene of the operations.
iffterraeiontoiraindtihnegori::oo