The Sun.
London, England, 1868-10-15 00:00:00

PROGRESS OP ELECTIONS.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
In Indianapolis, Sept. 24, General Frank P. Blair
and Hon. G. P. Pendleton made speeches to an im-
ntense mass meeting of the Democracy. A letter
from the latter gentleman, addressed to Somers
Kinney, Texas, has been published in the Galve-
ston Bulletin. It was dated Aug. 21, 1868, and ran
as follows :—" In reply, I have only time to say that
you cannot urge too strongly our brethren of Texas
to stand by the National Democracy and resist all
Radical attempts to abase you. My heartfelt wish
is that you may succeed in your new undertaking.
We are making a last fight for constitutional liberty,
and the signs of the times indicate a Democratic
triumph hitherto unknown. Yield not a scintilla of
your honour. There is no room for compromise.
About your being allowed to vote, be not alarmed ;
we shall see that Texas is represented. Vote by
all means." As Texas is excluded from the Elec-
toral College by the Act of Congress, this advice of
one of the leading Democrats to break a law not
constitutionally set aside does not tend at the pre-
sent moment to lessen Northern distrust. The
exact returns from Maine are thus officially given :
—Chamberlain, 75,835 ; Pillsbury, 55,431. Cham-
berlain's majority, 20,404. Prominent Democrats
assert that Indiana will give their party a majority
of 5,000, and they affirm that both that State and
Ohio being abandoned to the Conservatives the
great political excitement centres in Pennsylvania,
which the Radicals believe they can carry. The
Nation of Sept. 24 thinks Pennsylvaniasafer than she
was a week ago, and will probably show next Tuesday
a Republican vote of from 5,000 to 10,000 majority.
" Ohio is perfectly sure, and Indiana, Senator Morton
says, will give the Republicans a majority of 10,000."
The closeness of the contest may be gathered from
these figures, neither party claiming such a State
as Pennsylvania, with its six hundred thousand
voters, by more than five or ten thousand majority.
Governor Baker spoke at Portland, Indiana, the
other day, and propounded something new about
the payment of 5-20's in greenbacks. To listen to
Governor Baker one would suppose it was the
easiest thing possible to turn the six per cent. paid
on the national debt into four per cent. without
loss to any one, and through the action of the
holders, the only result being that the United States
would save from forty to fifty millions of dollars
per annum in interest. We know not what value
is to be attached to the predictions of General
Grant's father ; but they say that in 1860 he was
right in every instance but in that of California.
This year he thinks that Seymour will receive the
vote of Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, half the
rebel States, and Oregon. lie leaves Connecticut
and New Jersey doubtful, and says Ohio will give
40,000, New York 15,000, and Pennsylvania 25,000
majority for Grant and Colfax. He expects all the
other States to stand by the Union and Ulysses,
and he certainly gives plumpers. There was to be a
grand gathering of soldiers and sailors at Phila-
delphia, October 1 and 2, in the interest of the
Republican ticket, when perhaps we may hear some-
thing of the " Singing Soldiers." Two papers have
been extensively utilized by the Republican party
in the campaign : the one is a letter from General
upon which Ivo elsewhere comment, and the

other is the message of Mr. Seymour when he was
Governor of New York to the Legislature at
Albany, strongly showing the folly and wicked-
ness of paying the creditors of the State in paper
instead of in coin.
The Hon. Edwin M. Stanton spoke at Steuben-
ville, Ohio, on the 25th Sept. The meeting was
presided over by the Hon. Robert Sherard. Mr.
Stanton considered that the people had never to
make a choice more important to themselves, their
country, and mankind, for it may decide peace or
war, domestic tranquillity or civil discord. The last
Presidential election was in the midst of a bloody
war, which only needed Democratic success to have
been turned against them. The re-election of Abra-
ham Lincoln ignominiously overthrew the hopes
and expectations of that party at the polls, and in
battle, by the armies under Grant. Then the re-
bels in despair named their's the " Lost Cause,"
suing for life, liberty, and property, and professing
gratitude for the terms offered. The rebellion
was occasioned by a thirty years' conspiracy of
those whom Mr. Johnson boldly termed the slave-
holding oligarchy of the Southern States—an olig-
archy based upon land monopoly and slave labour.
This slaveholding aristocracy thirsted to extend
their territory and political power, and by extend-
ing their system into the Free States to ob-
tain a monopoly of the fertile lands and of the
rich minerals of those States, and ultimately to
obtain the control of the Government. Experi-
ence has shown that the systems of free labour and
slave labour are hostile, and cannot exist together,
so that the foothold of slavery is an impassable bar-
rier to free emigration, and would give to the slave-
holders not only a monopoly of lands, products,
and minerals, but would command all the great
channels of commerce with the Pacific and the na-
tions of the East, and make them the richest people
on the face of the globe. This ambitious aim was
sternly resisted in the Northern States. Mindful
of the fortune of war, and fearful of delay, the first
election of Mr. Lincoln was deemed by the slave-
holders a fitting occasion for the outbreak of this
rebellion. On the day after the Presidential elec-
tion the flag of the United States was hauled down,
and the Palmetto flag run up in Charleston. Con-
ventions for secession were called in all the slave-
holding States, and very soon ten States organized
a so-called Confederate Government hostile to the
Government of the United States, at Montgomery,
and transferred its capital to Richmond. Im-
mediately afterwards forts, arsenals, magazines,
arms, ammunition, ship yards, ships of war,
and the public money were seized and converted
to the purposes of the rebels. The navigation
tion of the Ohio and of the Potomac was
closed. Northern men and Northern women were
imprisoned or banished. The slaveholding States
armies were levied. The forts and troops of the
United States were besieged, bombarded, and cap-
tured, and the capital of the nation at Washington
was beleaguered and threatened by a hostile force.
In this condition of things the first troops were
called out in defence of this nation and the first war
loan negotiated ; and for every life that has been
lost, every drop of blood that has been expended,
every dollar that has been laid out, every bond or
note that• has been issued, every tax that has been
collected, the slaveholding aristocracy are respon-
sible. They and their sympathizers in the Northern
and the Western States urged them to hold on, to
carry on the war until they could obtain eontrol of
the Government at the next Presidential election.
The measures of Mr. Lincoln to defend the Govern-
ment received the highest sanction. The Governors
and Legislatures of loyal States vied with each other
in urging enlistments. Congress at its first session
voted an army of 500,000 men and poo,ooomo
to support them. The people flocked from their
homes by thousands and thousands to join the
army. The soldiers in every camp from the Mis-
sissippi to the Rapidan, from every corps, brigade,
regiment, and company, shouted to their brethren at
home to stand by the Government and rally round
the flag. These measures of defence were not with-
out opposition, for about the very time that Sher-
man and his army were forcing their way over the
fortifications and entrenchments at Atalanta, the
Convention at Chicago declared the war to be a
failure, and demanded the cessation of hostilities.
This made a plain and broad issue, and very soon
became the great issue of the Presidential canvass.
The result was decisive. Twenty-one States, 213
electoral votes, over 28,000,000 of people, supported
the Government. (Applause.) The estimate of
General Grant upon this result is expressed in the
following telegram :

" CITY POINT, Nov. 10, 1864, 10.30 p.m.—The Hon. Ed-
win M. Stanton, Secretary of Wan—Enough now seems to
be known who is to hold the reins of Government for the
next four years. Congratulate the President for this
double victory. (Applause.) The election having passed
off quietly with no bloodshed or riot throughout the land
is a victory worth more to the country than a battle won.
Rebeldom and Europe will consider it so.
U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General.'
The people, the army, and the great commander
thus sustained the Emancipation Proclamation
which had been issued on the first of January,
1863. Abraham Lincoln had struck a blow at
the roots of the rebellion by liberating four
millions of slaves, strengthening our army, and
carrying dismay into the hearts of the rebels.
(Cheers.) The full effect of this great measure was
not appreciated until near the close of the war ;
but now, when the restoration of slavery is a che-
rished hope of those most hostile to the election of
General Grant, it cannot be too well considered.
The wealth and power of the rebels was mainly in
their slaves; they were the producing and labour-
ing class, and without their labour the plantations
were of little value. By the system of enforced,
unpaid labour the rebel master was able to sow
his land, gather his crops, feed and clothe his
family, and furnish supplies to the army while the
whole white population should engage in war. It
was thus that slavery was soon found to be a
mighty engine of war, more powerful than be-
longed to any other people ; but it was different in
the Northern States. Every Union soldier that
left his home to join the army went away from the
farm, the workshop, or the manufactory, and dimi-
nished the productive industry of the State in his
absence. The crops were ungathered and rotted on
the ground. The hammer was silent. The manufac-
tory stood still. He had no slave to work to support
his family and do his labour for nothing. But the
emancipation of slaves changed the position of par-
ties. The slaves, cut loose from the plantations,
flocked within our lines thousands upon thousands,
• joined our armies, and performed military work.
The condition of the war was, therefore, in some
degree equalized, and this great act of Mr. Lincoln
carried dismay into the hearts of rebels and
strengthened the hearts of loyal people, besides a
large and powerful party who regarded slavery as a
God-forbidden sin and crime, and had been labour-
' ing for years to abolish or limit it, gathered new
hope and renewed their strength to bring the war
to a close. Three things mainly contributed to
overthrow the Rebellion : first, the valour of our
soldiers and the skill of their commanders ; second,
the public faith and credit which enabled us to raise
money to supply the army and to provide for its
wants ; and, third, the emancipation of the slaves,
which diminished their power and gave us strength.
The credit and good faith of a State is essential to
its existence, and they constitute the sinews of its
power. But no Gotrernment can exist without
credit sufficient to meet extraordinary emergencies,
for no Government can in these times keep money
in its treasury sufficient to carry on a foreign or
domestic war, construct a great national work like
the Pacific Railroad, or meet many of the exigen-
cies that happen in the life of a nation. France,
Russia, Austria, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, and
the Papal States, and all the great Powers of the
world arc compelled to rely upon their credit to
meet great emergencies. This was eminently the
case with the United States, for when the Rebellion
broke out the Treasury was empty ; its arms and
magazines had been plundered, and there was no
means to carry on the war ; by the efforts of our
enemies credit abroad was cut off, so that
the Government must fall at the first stroke
of rebellion, or rely upon the faith of its
people and its domestic credit. The Govern-
ment belonged to the people, and they were
equal to the emergency. By the purchase. of
Wilda and current notes enough money was rimed

to meet the exigencies of the war, the Treasury was
filled, and there was little necessity in the TreaSury
from the beginning to the end of the war, and then
only for short periods, until a fresh appeal could be
made, and thus it happened that the public faith
and the public credit became a corner-stone of the
State, and contributed largely to the salvation of
the Government." Mr. Stanton then went on to
show the nature of the duties which devolved on
the Government when the war was over, but some
must remain a dead letter till General Grant be
elected, who stands the foremost military com-
mander in the world, with peace for his watch-
word. Rapidly sketching Grant's history, he con-
trasted it with that of Horatio Seymour, who pro-
fesses to be an unwilling candidate caught up by a
whirlwind, and of Frank B. Blair, whose platform he
thus described. The substance is :—" First, that
the President shall declare all the Reconstruction
laws of Congress null and void; second, that he
shall compel the army to undo what has been
done ; third, that the white population of the
rebel States shall be suffered to organize their
own Governments; fourth, that the talk about
greenbacks and bonds, and gold and the public
credit and the public debt, is idle talk ; fifth,
that the rest must trample in the dust the recon-
struction laws passed by Congress, this platform
admits, and designed to admit no doubt or equivo-
cation, and what is the true meaning and result?
If the Reconstruction Acts of Congress may be de-
clared by the President null and void,he then becomes
a dictator with the law-making power in his hands
alone. If he may compel the military power to
undo what has been done under and by virtue of
Acts of Congress he becomes a military dictator,
and all form and semblance of Republican Go-
vernment is lost. If the white population of the
rebel States are to reorganize their own Govern-
ments without reference to the Reconstruction Acts
of Congress, then it is plain to be seen that the first
act will be the restoration of slavery ; the restora-
tion of the rebel power, of the engine with which it
carried on war, the perpetual power and domina-
tion of the aristocracy of the Slaveholding States,
the slave oligarchy, forever in the South. But
there is, also, a financial scheme of the New York
Convention. Blair says that itis idle to talk about
bonds,, greenbacks, and gold, the public credit, or
the public debt." At this point he was left speak-
ing, further news not having reached New York
by telegraph when the steamer left."

Tho Republican nominations for Congress in Pennsyl-
vania are now complete, and are as follows:
Rep. Rep,

maj. maj.
Dists. Nominees. Present Members. '66. '65.
1. Benj. L. Berry *Sam. J. Randall 14,464 11,022
2. Charles O'Neill Charles O'Neill
3. Leonard Myers Leonard Myers 1,004 1,475
4. William D. Kelley William D. Kelley ' 2,425 3,744
5. Caleb N. Taylor Caleb N. Taylor
6. J. Breitenbach *Benjamin M. Boyer ...t2,526 t 3,186
7. Wash. Townsend John M. Broonrall ...... 3,480 3,677
8 Henry S. Eckert *J. Lawrence Geiz 16,489 16,105
9. 0. J Dickey (Stevens's, vacancy) 5,623 4,460
10. Henry L. Cake Henry L. Cake 215 t 475
11. Daniel Kalbfus SD M. Van Auken 16,786 1.6,623
12. Theodore Strong *George W. Woodward t 545 t 2,006
13. Ulysses Mercur Ulysses Mercur 1,287 1,001
14. John B. Packer George E. Miller
15. Samuel Smith *k J. Glossbrenner 13,341 f 2,806
16. John Cessna William H. Koontz ...... 625 68
17. Daniel J. Morrell Daniel J. Morrell
18. W. 11. Armstrong Stephen F. Wilson
19. G. W. Scofield G. W. Scofield
20. George W. Gilfillan (Finney's, vacancy)
21. John Covode John Covode
22. James S. Negley James K. Moorhead ... 3,052 4,220
23. Darwin Phelps Thomas Williams 4,185 3,758
24. James B. Donley George V. Lawrence ... 1,538 1,615
* Democrats. t Democratic majorities.

The nomination of the Hon. Norman B. Judd in the
Chicago District completes the Republican nominations in.
Illinois, which aro as follows :

Rep. Rep.

maj. maj.
Dists. Nominees. Present Members. '66. '64.
41 Large—J. A. Logan John A. Logan ...55,987 31,442
.Norman B. Judd Norman B. Judd... 9,580 4,280
J. F. Farnsworth J. F. Farnsworth...l2,B39 12,661
.E. B. Washbourne E.B.Wash bourne... 8,769 8,290
4. John B. Hawley AbnerC.Harding... 2,561 848
5. Eben C. Ingersoll Eben C. Ingersoll 8,775 6,870
6. Burton C. Cook Burton C. Cook ... 7,094 5,618
7. Jesso H. Moore H. P. Bromwell... 4,138 3,326
8. Shelby M. Cullom Shelby M. Cullom 4,103 1,785
9. Leonard F. Ross *Lewis W. Ross... f 775 f 3,057
10. Jona. B. Turner *Albert G. Burr... f 2,373 f 4,727
11. James S. Martin *Sam.S Marshall... t 2,290 t 6,007
12. John B. Hay ......fehu Baker 1,076 76
13. Green B. Baum Green B. Baum ... 569 983

* Democrats. f Democratic majorities.
The Republicans of Georgia have completed their Con•
gress nominations as follows :

Rep. Maj.
Dists. Nominees. Present Members. Last Spring.
1. J. W. Clifft J. W. Clifft 3,939
2. Wm. P. Pierce *Nelson Tift..
3. John 11. Caldwell ...Wm. P. Edwards 1,215
4. James Fitzpatrick... Samuel F. Grove l6l
5. Charles H. Prince ...Charles H. Prince
6. John A. Wimpy *John H. Christy...—. .1.101
7. James Atkins P. M. B. Young
i Democrats. t Domocratic majorities.