The Sun.
London, England, 1868-04-03 00:00:00

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Professor Jevons, of Owens Col
at Hulme, on the subject of " Trades ins, tjir
and Policy." He came forward in consequence of
criticism which had been pronounced on his views on this
subject, to the effect that they were unworthy of the
" Cobden Lecturer." After pointing out what he consi-
dered to be an unfair way of treating the masters by the
unions, the professorlaid down the following propositions:—
Firstly. The supposed struggle with capitalists in which
many unions engage, for the purpose of raising wages, is
not really a struggle of labour against capital, but of
labour against labour—that is, of certain classes or sections
of labourers against other classes or sections. Secondly. It
is a struggle in which a few peculiarly situated trades
can succeed in benefiting themselves. 'Thirdly. Unions
which succeed in maintaining a high rate of wages only
succeed by protection—that is, by levying contributiots
from other classes of labourers and from the population in
general. Fourthly. Unionism as at present conducted
tends, therefore, to aggravate the differences of wages
between the several classes of operatives. It is an effort
of some sections to raise themselves at the expense of
others. Taking the building trade for example, his argu-
ment was, that by raising their own wages they did not
really take the money out of the pockets of the masters,
but out of the pockets of those who wanted buildings
erected. The rich could afford to pay, but it rubbed hard
on the shoulders of their fellow working men, who were
obliged, because of it, to live in wretched hovels. If
wages aro raised 10 per cent. it brings no profit
if prices are raised in the same degree. It thus
appears that in reality trades unions are merely
protection societies, i.e., they gain themselves by the
loss sustained by their brethren. Men, he said, were
constantly complaining of the tyranny of capital. But
this tyranny was really the tyranny of a man's own,
stomach—they must eat every day, and as long as they
had no accumulated wealth, no savings, they must find
work for every day. They could not help themselves, but
were at the mercy of the capitalist, who alone could air;
them work. But all this was changed for the man who
had even a moderate amount of savings. Not only did be
disarm sickness or misfortune of half its terrors, but ho
might also, by co-operation, become his own employer ;
and then he would cease to complain of the tyranny of
capital. He hoped for the working men of this country
more than they generally hoped for themselves, that they
might become in a great degree their own capitalists, and
the builders of their own fortunes.

PHICE. 4d.
STAMPED 51.

TILE ROYAL rISIT 70 IRELAND.

Their R,,yal Highnesses the Prince and Princess
of Wales will leave Marlborough House on Monday
next for Sandringham, and will probably stay there
for a week. On Tuesday week the Prince and
Princess quit London, and on Wednesday, the day
following, their royal highnesses purpose to enter
Dublin. Arrangements are made so that the dress
carriages, together with a 1 irge staff of the Prince
of Wales's household stables, shall leave on Thurs-
day week for the reception of the illustrious visi-
tors. We understand their royal highnesses will
stop at Bangor, where an address will be presented
to the Prince by the high she-riff, Mr. R. S. Parry,
and a deputation from the leading families of the
county, it being their royal highnesses' first visit to
North Wales.

The arrangements for the reception of the royal
pair are now being proceeded with in the most
vigorous manner, regardless of expense and
trouble ; and it is not improbable that, with
the exception of her Majesty herself, no visit of
a member of the royal family has ever been so
cordial or so auspicious as the approaching advent
of the Prince and Princess of Wales. The ar-
rangements at Holyhead, through which, of course,
the royal party will pass, are being carried out under
the direction of Admiral Schomberg. Her Majesty's
yacht Victoria and Albert will proceed there, with
the naval escort of the Channel fleet, to convey the
illustrious visitors to Kingstown, where Rear-Ad-
miral Buckle, commander of the Irish station, will
hoist his flag on board the Royal George. Fitting
arrangements are also being made iu Kingstown,
and it is now pretty certain that the stay of the
Prince and Princess will be of some few days'
longer duration than was originally intended when
his Royal Highness signified his intention of
coming over to be installed as a Knight of St.
Patrick. The ceremony of the installation of the
Prince as a Knight of St. Patrick will be, without
doubt, one of the most impoaing witnessed in
Ireland for a long series of years. The robes to
be worn on the occasion by the Prince of Wales are
formed of the very richest sky blue tabinet, lined
with white silk. The star to be worn on the left
breast is of considerable size, and is surmounted
by white satin rosettes and streamers. A cord of
blue silk and gold, with heavy bullion tassels, will
pass round the neck. Every portion of the robes
will be of Irish manufacture. Pages will be dis-
pensed with, except in the case of the Prince of
Wales, the Lord Lieutenant, and the Marchioness
of Abercorn. Every knight will have two esquires,
who must appear in similar uniform, and there is

little doubt that the spectacle will be of the
grandest kind. The preparations for the citizens'
ball at the Exhibition Palace are going on capitally.
The interior of the grand glass building will pre-
sent a gorgeous appearance, and on account of the
peculiar facilities which the Exhibition Palace
affords for decoration and for being shown off
to advantage under the influence of artificial
light the ball promises to bd a great suc-
cess. Visitors from all parts of the couutr3 are
to arrive in Dublin to be present at the ball, and
lodgings are already at a premium. The Mansion
House is also being fitted up in an appropriate
manner, and the decorations arc being admirably
and tastefully carried out. In the centre of the
ceiling of the Round Room a large gas sunlight is
being constructed, which will give a brilliant and
evenly-distributed light over the entire hall. The
thrones on the magnificently carpeted dais for
their royal highnesses will be superb specimens
of carved gilding and upholstery, hung with
crimson, relieved with gold. From the cornices also
critnson draperies will be suspended, relieved by
white cambric, in which is interwoven in gold the
prince's plume, the rose, shamrock, and thistle,
and the words, " Cead Mille Faiithe," The
Oak and supper rooms will b.-3 furnished and
decorated with great elegance and mag-
nificence. Their royal highnesses will proceed
♦o Sallius Station, en route to Punchestown races,
by special train. and the officials of the Great
Soutkern and Western Railway have received in-
structions to have the royal carriage in readiness on
Thursday morning, the 16th of April. A squadron
of cavalry, from Newbridge, will be in waiting at
Sallins to escort the royal visitors to the course. It
is expected that the inhabitants of Naas will pre-
sent his royal highness with an address on his way
through their town to the races. There is not a
vehicle remaining unengaged, fancy prices being in
almost every instance given for the two days, and
it is hoped that the railway arrangements will meet
the emergency.

The Lord Mayor of London, the Lady Mayoress,
and Miss Allen will be the guests of the Lord Mayor
and Lady Mayoress at the Mansion House during

the visit.

THE INSTITUTE OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS.

The annual session of this institute, the presi-
dent of which is the Secretary of State for War,
opened yesterday at the rooms of the Society of
Arts, Adelphi, and the proceedings were attended
by many eminent men. It was stated that Sir John
Pakington was prevented through severe indispo-
sition from presiding that morning and delivering
the usual address, but that he would be present at
one of the sittings. Mr. Samuels, M.P., thereupon
took the chair, and the secretary read the council's
report, which congratulated the institution on the
useful work which it had been the means of doing,
and stated that it was under thd consideration of
the Government as to making an annual grant in
aid of the institution's funds, which were used for a
national purpose. The School of Naval Architec-
ture and Marine Engineering was progressing
favourably, and the number of students was in-
creasing year by year. The report concluded by
stating that it was understood an Amendment Bill
for the Merchant Shipping Acts would be shortly
introduced into Parliament, when the recommenda-
tions of the institute's council regarding the safety
of ships, made respecting the loss of the London,
would receive attenion. The chairman then ad-
dressed the meeting, and supplemented the state-
ments in the report by informing the meeting
that the Admiralty bad determined to keep 30
students in the school of the institute, as it had
been found that the students who came from
there had given the greatest satisfaction to their
officers when employed in Government yards, and
to those who had engaged them in private yards.
He proceeded then to speak of the value of steel in
shipbuilding, for, as regarded strength, he said he
had tested it for wear and tear by the fact that he
had built a vessel at the close of the Crimean war
for work in a very rough sea—the Black Sea—and
that vessel was now as good as on the day he
turned it out of the yard. The :manufacture of the
material was then not so well understood, and the
steel plates cost then £5O a ton, but now they
might be had for £2O. As the strength of steel
might be said to be about as 40 to 20 as against
iron, the importance of using steel ships in place of
iron ships would at once be apparent, as the diffe-
rence in the weight of the two ships could be used
to increase the weight of cargo, or to admit of in-
creased speed with the same power. Mr. T. A.
Roshussen then read a paper " On the treatment of
steel plates in the shipbuilder's yard," and the other
papers set down for reading were on various tech-
nical points by Mr. 11. Sharp, Mr. E. Flachat, Mr.
A. l)ekke (of Bergen, Norway), and Mr. S. M.
Saxby. An evening sitting was held, and among
the papers set down for reading to-day are two by
Vice-Admiral E. P. Halstead and Vice-Admiral
Sir Edward Belcher, K.C.8.:

The prices of llorninum's Teas are greatly reduced ; their
well-kuoy,,u superiority has attracted a host of spurious
imitations; therefore notice all Genuine Packets are signed,
" Hornintan 4- co," Loudon. 300 Confectioners are Agents
in Loudon and 2,200 Chemists in the Country.