The Sun.
London, England, 1868-12-17 00:00:00

event, although marking no political change, and neither have anything to do with them or with you;
appealing alone to human sympathy, which will we can exist without any of you." From the cou-
stand out strongly defined when those we now think versations overheard and reported by spies of the
greatest have disappeared, save from musty re- Liberal generals it is clear there was a vindictive
cords and the researches of the antiquary. feeling against Maximilian, and that they were bent
Maximilian commenced his march to Queretaro on his execution, even threatening to murder him if
with a force composed wholly of Mexicans, num- the Government decreed banishment when escorting
bering but 1,600 men. It was politic to trust his him to the coast. Yet this does not tally with the ex..
person to the natives, as the prejudice in Mexico perienee of the Princess, in so far as many of Escobo-
against foreigners was strong through every grade do's staff approved and even encouraged her attempts
of society. He left on the 19th February, 1867, to effect the Emperor's escape. 'When pleading at
but a fortnight after the departure of the French, San Luis Potosi with Juarez for the Emperor's life,
and his career lasted only four months more. do she appealed to his Minister, aye, even to himself,
much did he desire to impress on the Mexicans his if they would not have rejoiced in his escape. The
intention of resting his life and crown on them only, Minister, of whom she speaks highly, at once
that Prince Salm-Salm's request to accompany him answered that he would, and even Juarez left the same
was refused, and through the means of others after to be implied. How, then, is that gross political
the Emperor's departure the Prince against his direc- blunder --the execution---:-to be accounted for ?—lt
tion joined him on the march. As a political move turned Maximilian into a martyr—it threw the
it was a wise step in the Emperor to take the field whole earth into hostility—it brouglii, the name of
at the head of his Mexican subjects, and nit Mexican into such contempt that it would almost
faulty in a military point of view, as Queretaro, be necessary for one who left his country to disguise
though indefensible, commanded the entrance to his nationality—for there was sometiing beyond
the plateau from the North, and could not, un- measure despicable in this cold-blooded shooting of
reduced, be passed by an invader. Miratnou's early a m for ever disarmed, all knew to be influenced
successes, after Maximilian's entrance, gave a bril- by the highest and most unselfish motives. Maxi-
Raney to the opening of the campaign, though it milieu back at Miramar would have been a name
quickly set in disaster, that General returning after very different from Maximilian executed at Qiere-
the defeat inflicted on him by Escobedo with taro ; and once he pledged his honour never to
scarcely a man. When the besieging forces of the return, no power on earth could have induced him
Liberals arrived they attempted to carry the city to break his word. The names of Juarez and Esco-
by assault, and met with severe repulses ; but bedo would have sounded very differently in the
establishing themselves around and cutting off the ears of mankind, and Mexico would have gained
supplies, the garrison and inhabitants were soon enormously in political prestige—the forerunner of
reduced to horseflesh, and it was then that the poor credit, commerce, and prosperity. Never was so
material which composes a Mexican army was brilliant a chance so viciously cast away. The
painfully displayed. The Generals seem mainly to Prince declares that Escobedo could, had he wished,
have been actuated by jealousy and malice. They have saved Maximilian. He thus gives Juarez's
were perpetually quarrelling with each other, and the reasons for desiring the Emperor's death—fear of
paltriest motives of spite or ambition not only out- a resumption of the struggle, in spite of all pro-
weighed the consideration due to their country and mises, as Maximilian's party was still strong in
their Sovereign, but also the extremities of their own Mexico, and the wish to satisfy the thirst for re-
position. Marquez was directed to proceed to venue, of the Army and the ultraTeepublicans ; and
Mexico, and bring all the troops he could muster to
the relief of Queretaro. He started, but never re- he adds, whether a vindictive cruelty can be placed
among the reasons cannot be ascertained, but one
turned, for when he took the field it was in the would be justified in presuming such motives, con-
direction of Vera Cruz, where he was supposed to
be sidering the murders at San Jancinto and other
on his way to join Santa Anna, when he was
attacked by Porfirio Diaz, and saved his own ignoble similar outrages ordered by Juarez. The Princess
tells how Juarez appeared to suffer when she actu-
life, leaving his army to destruction, and re-enter- ally threw herself on her knees and begged her
ing Mexico almost alone. This was the man at the Sovereign's life—when Mesdames Miramon and
head of Maximilian's army when he left Queretaro. Mejia were shown in, and numerous ladies called,
Miratnon, whom the Emperor always called the to make a last effort for mercy. For three days
young General,led in the besieged city, yetboth Mejia thereafter he kept his room and refused to see any
and Mendez regarded him as a traitor, ceaselessly one, but the most that could be wrung from him
urging on Maximilian the advisability of arresting was the delay of three days, at the earnest solici-
him. . Mejia, whom the Emperor nick- named the tation of Baron Magnus. He succeeded in being
Little Black One (Mendez was the Little Stout elected to the Presidency, and will probably sue-
One) was an Indian of great influence in a moan- ceed in dying, as his illustrious victim, like a dog
tainous district not far distant, and advised in a ditch, bearing the epitaph on his tombstone
Maximilian to break through the enemy's lines, after his name—
and he and Mendez would guarantee his safety
if he reached their country. They regarded
Queretaro as a mousetrap, which would end in the
death of all. Prince Salm-Salm thinks Miramon
desired and laid his plans so as to get rid of him,
hazarding faulty sorties, and using up one of the
only good regiments (that commanded by the
Prince) for this object. With a lieutenant so in-
fluenced, with two of the great Indian chiefs openly
believing in his treachery, with Marquez bent only
on his personal gain, with troops reduced to great
privations and little prospects, it required all Maxi-
milian's courage and his indefatigable work in the
trenches, hospitals, and batteries, to keep up the
hearts of the garrison, and to bind the little band
to himself. His unselfish devotion and marked
courage, his gentle, captivating manner and open-
handed generosity, won the attachment not only of
his followers, but in a marked degree of the towns-
people, who " from first to last, and all the while,"
never hesitated to display their allegiance and the
affection they bore him. Indeed, at the last mo-
ment, when the breath had scarcely left his body, a
woman who stood lou fly sobbing near was seize I
by a Liberal soldier, who roughly asked the reason
of the noise, to which she replied with her dagger,
escaping in the confusion. The Prince had per-
suaded 'Maximilian to burst through the lines ; but
Miratnon always managed to delay the execution
of a design the most experienced oflicers felt as-
sured would be successful. It was not easy to keep
Maximilian up to a flight for life, and his ob-
jection to such a course may have cost him his
existence. He regarded the flight as unbecoming
his dignity, and, worse still, against his honour,
not to share the fate of his soldiers. It was in the
midst of these plans for escape that Lopez sold the
pass, and on the morning of the 15th May Quere-
taro was in the hands of Escobedo, to the intense
astonishment of its garrison. The orders given to
that General from the supreme Government were to
shoot the prisoners without delay ; but he was de-
terred from this course by the strenuous exertions
of the United States, who unreservedly expressed
disgust at the massacre at San Jacinto. History
will have to decide to what cause the execution of
Maximilian was due. Judging by the manner of
Escobedo, as reported by the Prince as well as by
the Princess, who, acting in another groove, gives a
different version in the leaves published in this
book from her diary, we do not see any display of
the bloodthirstiness attributed to him. On the
contrary, he appears to have desired to make Maxi-
milian's last beers more comfortable, but he was
thwarted by the ferocity of some subordinates, and
still more by the twice-detected attempts at escape
planned chiefly by the Prince and Princess Salm-
Salm. The Princess, who was an American, naively
tells her story, and its most striking point is her
undisguised contempt for the foreign representa-
tives. She knew but little of diplomatic laws and
of the power represented in the person of Baron
Magnus, the Prussian Minister, or of the Austrian
or Belgian ; but she knew what was far more to the
purpose in Queretaro, that these men were fatally
deluding themselves if they thought that any un-
seen advantages were felt by the Mexicans who
cared little for international obligations, and knew
nothing of powers which to them were mere myths.
The Princess alludes to the ridiculous importance
these people gave themselves on their arrival just
previous to the trial ; and her annoyance was in-
creased by the fact that their coming defeated her
last hope of getting the Emperor out of the trap
in which he had been caught, an escape being
planned for the night Baron Magnus was expected,
of which the Emperor declined to avail himself, as
he thought it would be discourteous to invite these
representatives and fly the city on their arrival.
After his refusal, the arrangements became known,
many being implicated, and each fearing his neigh-
bour would secure his safety by informing. We
hold that Escobedo showed forbearance to the
Prince, who was then for the second time detected
in bribing his officers to effect the Emperor's escape ;
and Salm-Salm seems to acknowledge this, account-
ing for it by the custom universal in Mexico of thus
aiding captured officers, all knowing that within a
year the imprisoned General may hold as a captive
his capturer. The Princess is even more severe on
the fright and flight of some of the representatives
when rudely deceived as to the Mexican fashion of
dealing with diplomatists. They were accredited
to the Emperor, and not to the then ruling Go-
vernment, and therefore they had, in truth, no
diplomatic status. But this would have mat-
tered little, for, as the Princess
plainly says,
the Mexicans well knew they had nothing to
fear from European interference, against which
they were protected by the United States. It was
the Washington Government only they dreaded, and
it appears due to Mr. Seward's strong remonstrances
that Queretaro did not witness a massacre more hor-
rible than that of San Jacinto. Oar readers must not,
however,
suppose that Mexicans approve 1 this in-
terference.• The people they hate most on earth
ar
e te AMerieens ; the Government they dread is
that of Washington. Gladly they sheltered them-
selves behind Uncle Sam's arm against European
intervention, but sullenly they complied with the
energetic remonstrances of Secretary Seward against
staining Republicanism by revolting cruelty. Prince
Salm, in a conversation with Colonel Palacios, his
brutal gaoler, remarked that the Mexican Govern-
ment would do well to take an example from the
United States in their treatment of the rebels of
the South ; to which he replied, " The Noith Awe•
ricans are our born hereditary enemies, we evil

" Served him right."
The last news informs us that his accomplice,
Escobedo, has been disgracefully defeated, and his
whole army dispersed by a rebel chief; and if he be
captured by an Indian he will meet the fate be
meted to Mejia and Mendez, and reparation for the
blood of Maximilian will be savagely demanded at
his hands. Prince Salm-Salin speaks plainly what
he feels, but whether he is just in all cases we can-
not pretend to say. If he heartily condemns, he
as heartily praises, and one of his heroes on the
Liberal side is Porfirio Diaz. Had that General
commanded at Queretaro instead of the low:bred
muleteer Escobedo, Mexico would have escaped the
disgrace of the vindictive execution. The defence
of Lopez is published, together with the reply of the
field officers, and his treason, of which there can be
no question, established beyond dispute. What we
like in the traitor's defence is that he plainly shows
the bitterness of the punishment awarded him by
the press of Europe and America. The Prince
winds up his own reply to the defence by accepting
the public challenge of Lopez to any calumniator
who would openly come forward to maintain Iva
guilt, and appointing a place of meeting. Salm-
Salm declares cowardice to have been the ruling
motive of the treason, and it certainly is strange
that Lopez should have neglected the excellent
opportunity thus afforded him of a little éclat wbile
disproving at least the motive, and to get rid in an
honourable manlier of the life he describes to bava
been made so miserable by these charges.

Mr. Davidson, merchant, of Ningpo, was pre-
sented on his departure for Europa with a pair of NV:111111in'
San, or "public umbrellas," as a mark of the respect and
esteem in which he was held by the Chinese. The honour
is both great and unusual, he being the first foreigner 00
whom it has been conferred.
District Attorney Spaulding of Northanwton
(Massachusetts) has formed a law partnership with
William Boies.—Major S. H. Reed, of Greenfield,
who has nearly completed his long term of service
as sheriff of Franklin county, is suffering from partial
blindness, which, however, is not considered incurable:
Dr. E. C. Newport, of Holyoke, intended to sail for Calif-
fornia about the Ist of December, with the expectation
making t'itat state his future home. Colonel Ansel Phelps,
a well-known citizen of Greenfield, died at Brooklyn, NB,Bl
York, where he had gone to visit a daughter, Nov. 20,

aged 79.
The 7ribune is greatly disgusted at having bee°
done out of its share of the plunder distributed among tlie
leading New York journals from the Alaska purchase inotaa;
The Washington correspondent of the Boston Post Sal,„
that only 155,00 0,0 00 of the sum was paid to Russia, t 7"
balance goinc, to the lobby, each of the big journals ge,:i;
tins 510,000.° It is extraordinary the impudence vo,",
which these assertions of bribery aro made even
members of the press, who must know they are untruo• f
°
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Births. TAO
HUGHES-On the 7th inst., at Rosslare, co.Wexford, ~----
Hughes, of a son. , 0 IS'
HARVEY—On the 15th inst., at Acton, the wife 01 -•
Harvey, Esq., of a son.
. ...„. froth
WARREN— On the 15th inst , the wife of Mr. L. L.NY $.
Winchfield, Hants, of a son.

Marriages.
EMILE —WILLS —On the 15th inst., at St. Luke's, ;„,,O,
Holloway, Mr. Charles J. Endle, of H. M.'s Cils'-gt•
London, to Eleanora, youngest daughter the Ist°
James Wills, cf Totn'es. f 1 Wcid
SPEEDY COTTON—On tho 15th inst., at Freshwa,,l.,
Captain T. C. S. Speedy, late of Lord Napier 13'-'deet
Abyssinian Expedition, to Cornelia Mary, tno Y°l3 1,11.
daughter of B. Cotton, Esq.. of Afton, Freshwater,

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