The Sun.
London, England, 1850-02-01 00:00:00

each several state paid in addition for its own
thoveenment, and all the establishments necessary for the
i t rnal admiuistretien of its affairs. He firmly be-
lieved that we e eta not at all ore - t heed in proportion
to rt:ler cenetries; and while he leould again say, the:
- distress had not been exaggerated, he could not help
expressing his deep regret at the language which was
used in sense places throughout the recess, e here, in
some instances, actual violence was recnnmended.—
(Hear, hear.) He also sa s with deep regret and abhor-
rence that some of the Parisian journals recommended,
almost in direct terms, the assassiratien of -tome of the
princes of Europe, and that such assassin would be re-
ceived with open arms in the United S:ates of America.
Now, ho believed that instead of being received with open
arms by the people of that country, an assassin, whether
from France or elsewhere, would be rejected by them
with scorn and indignation. But, speaking of distress,
be could not forget that a vespectable morning paper had
very usefully given currency to a great deal of curious,
in:eresting, and most important information regarding
the sufferings of our poorer workmen, and, above all,
cf our poorer workwomen. He approached the sub-
ject with a fe ling of pain and great reluct mcc—of pain
at feeling that it was all true, and yet of reluctance at
bring bound to dispute the remedies which some able,
amiable, and most excellent individuals had devised fer
thsoe evils. They were most meritorious ihdividuale,
but the remedies they had devised were intended fur
-a state cf society in which there was a difficulty in
keeping soul and body together on their labours for
• fourteen hours a-dry, these unhappy individuals exist-
ing on the smallest pittance of food by which animal
lie could be supported, and meanwhile working with
al industry which exceeded all belief and was beyond
ad pr-rise. For these he felt strongly—that was a dis
tress which went as near to his heart as any of which
he had heard mention made that night. But what
was the cause of this? It was in proportion to the
d-neend for labour that there was anover-abundant sup-
pe—it was in proportion to the superabundance of
those a leo received that there was a low proportion
of those who paid; it was that these persons were paid
:2 ! or 2fd. a day, because the state of the lahour market
w old cot allow of their being paid more. But in order
t • remedy the evil it was proposed to take them out of
the market, reducing the superabundance of labour by
.s -i many thousands. Short-sighted benevolence ! Be-
nevolence more benevolent than beneficent ! Their sole
object in taking those 10,000 or 20,000 individuals out
of the market was to raise the price of' labour, and no
doubt as that was what they expected, so they would
succeed, And to what would the success lead ? In-
stead of raising the 2id. to 41,1, in all probability it
would be still further lowered, awl it was hke building
not with wet, but dry sand. But then it was said there
was emigration. One object of emigration was to
p-ovid-a labour for the colonies, and another was to
take' labour out of the home market, and so raise
the price of it higher. But what was the next
consequence? The colony would only t ke labour of a
certaeu kind. The colonists were nice; they wanted la-
bour, but it must be the labour efvirtue, so that we must.
in the first place, scrutinise all the emigrants we sent out,
and see if they were fit for emigration, according to the
views of the colonists. It might be said if these women
would make such good wives, why not let them remain
here, fur we are thus exporting the best part of our po-
pulation. He had never been more horror-struck than
when he heard of the total want of feeling exhibited by
some of these colonists, when they insisted upon a con-
vict ship not being allowed to land the convicts they had
on board. The Noble and Learned Lord concluded by
shottly repeating the sentiments he had already ex-
pressed as to the inexpediency of retracing their steps to
protection, and although his Noble Friend's amendment
had been most ably supported, he confessed he had not
yet been convinced that it was his (Lord Brougham)
dety to accompany Her.
Lord STANLEY had heard, in connexion with all
ti e'r Lordships, the speech of his Noble and Learned
Friend, who had just sat down, with great pleasure; but,
certainly, he should say, that it had, especially the latter
part of it, very little connexion with the subject then
before the .r Lordships, either as regarded the Sp( eeh of
lee Majesty, or the amendment propose! to the Address
by his Noble Friend. Ho, however, agreed with the con-
dolence expressed towards her Majesty, in consequence
of the loss she and the nation had sustained by the death
of the Qceea Dowacer—(Hear, hear)—whose life was
marked by splendid and unostentatious charities, and
whose death was characterised by a spirit of piety mo t
consoling. He believed their Lordships would he unani-
mous in the expressions of their gratitude to Divine Pro-
vidence for the disappearance of a painful disease, and
that they would lend their co-operation to the adoption of
all measures, extending as far as it was possible, the com-
forts of the lower classes. With regard to what had he fn
said of the United States, he believed there
was no resiprocity which could pay this country
for the loss she sustained by the navigatios.-
laws; and as to the passage in the Speech,
that her Majesty was on terms of friendly relations with
foreign powers, he would ask, was the Government on
such terms with Austria, Russia, or Naples?— (Hear.)
For his own part, he did not understand what was meant
by the terms used as to the instructions that had been
given for settling the Turkish affair in a manner con-
sistent with the dignity of the respective powers con-
cerned. He presumed, however, that fuller details on
this subject would be afforded by her Majesty's Govern-
ment, and therefore did not press the point further until
he saw these details. Upon one poll t, however, ho had
expected, and naturally, to have received some informa-
turn from her Majesty's Governrcen.. For some cause
or other, the French had sent a small army into Italy,
width was subsequently largely augmented, and which
load not until this day been withdrawn. Austria had also
marched an army into another part of Italy, and held
possession of it. He had no doubt that there was a per-
te a understanding ly teen the French and Austrian
eiovernments on this subject, that they were quite in ac-
cord, and for the moment contemp'sved only tie pre-
servation s f order. But it was a singular thing that such
a state ( f affairs shout I have existed fur nine or ten
months, and not have been deemed of suffi dent import
ante to deserve a paragraph in the Royal Speech. He
gave both these powers the credit of being actuated by
the best intentions, but he could not help looking upon
the continua-ice s f the present state of affairs as fraught
with danger, and the sooner their troops were withdrawn
from Italy the better it would be for the peace and se-
curity of Europe.—(Hear, hear.) He now came to that
p.rt of the Speech on which he must sly he felt extreme
regret to differ from her Majesty's Government. He
was indeed most anxious that the terms of the Speed,
with reference to agricultural distress, should have been
of such a character as would have obviated the necessity
for any amendment, because it would bare given him
great pleasure in seeing the Address unanimously
adopted. It wee, therefore, with sincere regret that he
fund the terms in the Address were cf such
a nature as compelled him to vote against it.
Indeed, the whole course pursued by the Go-
vernment was one of defiance to the agricultural
interest. They had selected to move the Address in the
other House one of the most strenuous advocates of that
free-trade system which, if it had not caused, had at
least greatly aggravated, the distress of the agricultural
classes. Taking that fact in connexion with the terms of
the Speech itself, and the speeches of the Noble Mov r
and Seconder of the Address in that House, it would al-
most appear as if it had been the intention of her Ma-
jesty's Ministers to force them to move an amendment.
The tone in which allusion was made to the distress of
the agricultural interest was of a slight, if not offensive,
character, though the severity and the extent of that di-
tress had net been either questioned or doubted by any
speaks-. The Speech said that her Majesty had observed
with regret" the complaints which in many parts of the
United lihngdom bad proceeded from the owners and
occupiers of land." Now, he said that was not a fair
and candishAtatement of the case.—(Opposition cheers.)
The comp is did not proceed from one class, but were
broad and general.—(Hear, hear.) The distress was
riot confined, neither did the complaints ;proceed exclu-
sively from the owners and occupiers of land. The dis-
tress reached further, and beyond these classes. It fell
previously, and most heavily, upon the labourer, the
small shopkeeper, the mechanic, and the artiz an. It
touched all those classes whose welfare depended npon
their being employed by the owners and occupiers of the
soil.—(Cheers.) He therefore indignantly repudiated
the statement that the complaints proceeded exclusively
from the owners and occupiers of the soil—the distress
was great, general, and grievous among all classes, and
not a small, secondary, and subordinate matter, as it Ras
assumed to be in the speech. Having thus endeavoured
to foster upon the owners and occupiers of land an impu-
tation of makii g complaints, the Speech went cn, in a
somewhat condescending tone, to express regret that
any portion of her Majesty's subjects., however small arid
unimportant they might be—such as the owners and
occupiers of land, for instance, should have any cause
of complaint; but that regret was qualified by the
sincere gratificetion with which her Majesty
the increased command of
comforts
by saw
great body of the people.--(Cheers and counter cheers.)
Let hom not be understood asoppeommhud
r to cheapness a, d
the
e e .odasce, and to the consequent
,s ti and necessaries of life by the great body oovietrheh• cowl e
-
.'.h cheapness and abundance as existed in 1835, in
. • :unction with an abundance of money and employ-
meet, he would gladly see; but the cheapness- and
ahnedance of the present time was widely different, and
her Majesty's Ministers, in his belief, ha I been seduced
in w a most unwise policy by listening to persons who, be-
r',.,ts) they make a great noise, believe they are the people,
and every other party a mere faction. He believed
• that they were committing a fatal error. The
great body of the people were not in the position
the Speech described them to be. The cheap-
-11,e" and abundance of our imports had not given
tnem that command over the comforts and necessaries of
lifwhich was assumed they fool.—(Uhe'xs.) If it was
the case that this wages of labour had declined
through-
- out the agricultural districts from
11. to 9 from. 9s. to
75., and Be. to 6e.—that is, in order -t.o keep" hi a-ey bur-
dens from faeling upcu the rates, and le, ep down the
nominal amount of pauperismto.ihe extent of seven per
cent., persons v ere set to work
upon the rosds, or e re-
ployed only for three days
t tife 'eel:, he thought this
did not prove the coed ton of
people had teen improved. oitnhetil:e ea et ho ly of the
time.s aid plenty
boasted of was not Patticipatac'ell
cording to the very't rms. of the returnsit) th t
17, :. tllVahly'beae:n-
-tre-yd
wtha!tuithlye
relied upon by the Noble Lou',
torsolmt e f pauperism for the N., holT:4cP9oPtema
a2ut .1 would.
set el per cent. less than in the y „..
• bo remembere I the: the year 1848 Wes
deepest depression'. The Noble Ea:l hiree3,l4er:,f the
of it as an exe,,ptiot a' was
in
the habit of speaking
. When, therefore, the Ist cf January, 1849, the }'ear.
com-
mencement of a year following upon a year of deep
41.apreision, was compared with the Ist e f January, 1850,
AI fa WitftlePat
that there had been a diminution of
he pauperism of the whole country,
re .....-7-3 '6---ia ious. The Nob:e Earl and the Go-
"C.L:frinifliu. . at the manufacturing districts were
• .4-,._-In . nu 0 nder the free-trade system. It was
0 '4! ' . : ii•;11 I/ nt a fact that it was made a matter
........,
. ation in the Queen's Speech, Well,
--- - - ..
-:-.,... / _v. ••i,
Al a. $