The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-06 00:00:00

DON,

tural produce if they were permitted to dispose as
they thought proper of the game on their respective
holdings—that they would, in fact, be quite content
if " protection to game" had been abolished simul-
taneously with protection to corn.

But there is another point of no less importance
than those to which we have already alluded. We
must also learn whether the cultivation of the soil is
conducted in the most skilful as well as in the most
economical manner. Are, then, all the appliances
of modern science fairly brought into operation ?
Does the farmer avail himself of the various advan-
stages which were altogether wanting to his prede-
cessors ? We fear that the answers to these ques-
ions will not be more satisfactory than those relating
to currency and game. Every man seems to con-
sider that he is " born a farmer," that he has only
to follow oa the beaten track, that he may
neglect the obvious expedients for increasing
the quantity and quality of his produce
and yet that his business should prove profitable.
What, we ask, would be thought of a cotton manu-
facturer who imagined that he could dispense with
the machinery and improvements invented during
the last half century ? who repudiated "spinning-
jennies,' and continued to pursue the system that bad
become obsolete ? Would such a man be deserving of
pity ? Would he be entitled to demand legislative
assistance, or to have a tax imposed on calicoes for his
protection ? Most assuredly not. He would be
justly regarded as an " imbecile," and his clamorous
petitions would be treated with well-merited scorn.
But this is what the agriculturists expect. They
vainly imagine that their business should be ren-
dered so profitable by means of " protection" that they
may support themselves and families with little exer-
tion of mind or body, that a careless and slovenly
mode of cultivation should answer all their purposes.
Lord STANLEY, in his celebrated speech at Bury, de-
clared that "he had seen lands in such a state of
absolute neglect that he had stared with astonishment
when told what was the amount of rent which the
late tenant was nominally engaged to pay out of such
land." But the faineants, who act in this culpable
manner, most probably ascribe their losses to the
abolition of protection, and are the most clamorous
for its restoration. It is a comfortable creed to be
able to shift the blame from their own shoulders to
any other quarter. Before, however, their demands
can receive any attention, they must show that they
have done everything practicable on their own behalf,
that their losses are the result of misfortune and not of
their own faults. Until that is the case, Parliament
will reply to their petitions in the language of
11EacuLEs to the waggoner—Aides toi, le ciel taidera.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

• We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The Commission of Permanence assembled on
, Monday, under the Presidency of M. Duette, and
adjourned to Thursday, as the differences between
the Bourbonists and the PRESIDENT have been tem-
porarily arranged, by the latter pledging himself to
continue General CHANGARNIER in his command,
whilst the former will not insist upon the immediate
dissolution of the Society of the 10th of December.
The PRESIDENT was much irritated :when he read
the order of the day of General CHANGARNIER, and
proposed his immediate dismissal, but his Ministers
were so terrified at the probable consequences of such
' a step, that not one of them would countersign the de-
cree. The PRESIDENT then determined to dismiss
• his Ministry, and call to his councils men of firmer
nerve; or of more honesty of purpose than the old
Bourbon clique of LA HITTE aril Co., but he suf-
fered himself to be mollified by a quasi
apology offered by CIIANGLRNIER, who called
at the Elysee on Monday for the purpose
of offering explanations as to issuing the order of the
day. A temporary reconciliation is therefore patched
up between the Elysee and the Tuileries, and, as an
" outward and visible sign" of a cessation of hostilities,
the PRESIDENT and the General are to dine together
at M. DUPIN'S. The Bourbonists consider this a vic-
tory, and both the Legitirnatist and Orleanist jour-
nals, including the Ordre, the organ of ()DILLON
BARROT and TRIERS, " snub" the PRESIDENT ac-
cordingly, and threaten him with all sorts of punish-
ments should he attempt to emancipate himself from
the thraldom in which they believe they hold him.
General CRANGA RNIER has published the follow-
ing Order of the Day on the appointment of Ge-
neral CARRELET to the place of General NEU•
MATER :
" By a decree of the President of the Republic, dated
the 29th of October", General Carrelet, commanding the
7th military division, is called to the command of the Ist,
vice General Neumayer, promoted to the superior com-
mand of the 14th and 15th divisions. In communicating
this arrangement to the troops, the General-in-Chiet
doubts not that General Carrelet will maintain in his di-
vision that spirit of order, discipline, and devotedness
which has coistituted the force of the Army of Paris,
and that, following the example of his predecessor, he
will secure on every point the complete execution of the
military regulations."
PARIS BOURSE, Nov. s.—Latest Prices.—Five
per Cents., 93f.; Three per Cents., 57f. 75c. ; Bank
of France, 2,300 E
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 5.
East Indian, 9'3,1 Luxembourg, Sambre and I
Meuse, 278—West Flanders, 2.

SPAIN.
OPENING 01? THE C()RTES—T HE SPEECH
FROM THE THRONE.
Madrid journals of the 31st ult. have.been received.
On that day the QUEEN opened the Cortes in per-
son, and delivered the following speech from the
throne :
" My Lords and Gentlemen,
" I always experience great pleasure in finding myself
among you. I had, however, hoped that today my hap-
piness would have been greater than usual. I had hoped
to have appeared here with a new title, with a new pledge
of love and of confidence in the future. But Provi-
dence has denied to. us that gratification. Let us respect
his decisions, and trust to the wisdom of his impenetrable
designs.

"I am happy to inform you that diplomatic relatiors
with Great Britain have been happily renewed in a man-
ner honourable to the dignity of both nations.
Our relations with the other Powers remain on
the same footing of good understanding and of friend-

" The expedition which I dispatched to the Pontifical
States, in order to assist those of the other Catholic
Powers in re-establishing the temporal authority of the
Holy See, has safely returned, after having attained
that end. It has left in Italy lasting remem-
brances of its brilliant conduct and of its discipline,
and has drawn on itself the benedictions of the Church,
and the most lively gratitude of the provinces which it
occupied.
"In the interior, public order, the first necessity of
nations, has not for a single moment been disturbed, and
in consequence the sources of wealth and prosperity
which our country contains are beieg developed and
augmented under the vigilant protection of the ad-
ministration. At the same time old discords are for-
gotten, party dissensions are disappearing, and the
country is able to avail itself of the services of all its
children; and the policy most conformable to my de-
sires, the policy of forgiveness, of tolerance, and of true
liberty, is established and consolidated.
" The provinces beyond sea, which so frequently en-
gage my attention and that of my Government, have en-
joyed peace equally with the peninsula. In the island of
Cuba, nevertheless, foreign pirates surprised some of the
maritime towns, and occasioned deplorable scenes; but
in a few hours these wretches were forced to fly before
the presence of our people and the courage of our troops,
renouncing their criminal attempt.
" My Government occupies itself without relaxation
with the improvement of those important provinces.
['he most available measures have been taken for
their security, their defence, and the perfecting of all the
branches of their administration. A line of steam-
boats has been established between Cuba and Porto
Rico, in order to render the communications more fre-
quent and more direct, and to draw closer the Spanish
countries of both hemispheres. In the Asiatic pro-
vinces the Government continues to occupy itself ac-
tively in securing the safe passage of the seas, and in
promoting the civilisation of the aboriginal tribes.
T
has taken, and continues to take, a warm
interest in army
inproducing these great results by its exem-
plary conduct and its severe discipline, which entitle it
more and more to my esteem, and likewise the incessant
seal of my Government to maintain it in the elevated
position which is occupies. "
The Royal marine, likewise every way worthy, every
way deserving, has attracted in an especial manner the
attention of my Government. It was, in fact, indispen.
able and urgent to maintain it in Tidiness for the de-
fence of oar coasts and our possessions, and to protect
our commercial marine in its progressive march. It was
with this view that orders have been given for the con-
struction of several steam and sailing vessels i
, and other
dispositions have also been taken to advance its mprove-
meet, as far a 3 the exigencies of the public service and
the power of the Treasury would permit.
" The lessons of experience and the demands of the
tribunals have induced my Government to introduce
some modifications in our peeal code, in virtue of the
powers given by the law for that purpose. My Govern-
ment will state these reforms to you, and will propose to
you besides a new code of procedure and a law on the
organisation of the tribunals, which will have for object
to complete the important ameliorations effected lately in
the administration of ju,tice.
" From the peace enjoyed by the country, consider-
able reforms have been introduced in important branches
under the administration ( f the Ministers of the Interior
and of Commerce, as well by the improvement of roads
and other interior communications, the transport of cor-
respondence, telegraphs, and lighthouses, in the public
health, the publio charities and education, as to sur-