The Sun.
London, England, 1868-05-20 00:00:00

LAW AND POLICE.

MDLLE. TITIENS AND HER Wra.—At the VarylebOne
County Court, Mdlle. Titiens appeared as defendant in
an action brought by a perfumer to recover £15175. for a
wig. Mary Ann de Roussen, the plaintiff, said she carried
on the business of a perfumer, at.,17, Upper Baker-street,
and in December last, in consequence of receiving an order
for a wig from Mdlle. Titiens, she sent an experienced
workman to measure the lady's head. The lady also
selected hair of the fashionable colour, and the wig was
made. It was sent to defendant at Glasgow, and witness
received a letter from the prima donna, stating that the
wig would not do, as the hair was not of the colour
required, and did not fit, in consequence of the parting
being too wide. The alterations were at once made, but
Mdlle. Titiens was not satisfied, and sent the wig back
again to the shop, and refused to pay for it. Mr. F.
Smith said when he took the measure for the wig the
defendant told him that it was for the part of Margherita.
The alterations were made as requested, and the
wig was cheap at fifteen guineas. The defendant
said, in the mouth of November the late M. de Roussen
called upon her and asked if he should make her a wig.
He said he would make her a nice blonde wig, with fair
beautiful hair, for fifteen guineas. He further said she
mild wear it in private, as many of his lady customers
did. She after that gave an order at the shop, and selected
a fair child's curl as a specimen of the colour she should
like. The wig produced was, not of that colour she had
sAected ; it did not fit her, and was not the natural
hair he had stipulated for, and therefore she declined to
pay for it. If plaintiff made her a proper wig according to
the instructions first given, sbe would at once pay. In
cross exa oination, defendant said she had expected " a
perfect wig, with a fine blonde natural colour, and to fall
below the waist." Forgot in her letter of complaint to say
that the wig was not composed of natural hair. Instead
~f that a wig was sent to her which showed her dark hair,
and was itself made up of such rough carroty hair that
Ksitive'y she could not wear it. A Mrs. Godbold
corroborated this testimony, after which the jury found
for the plaintiff for the full amount claimed.

DEFIIAUDING A RAILWAY COMPANY.—At the Mansion
House, Robert Wardell was charged with attempting to
defraud the South-Eastern Railway Company. It seemed
that at Cannon-street Station the defendant, who had
shewn a third-class ticket when passing the barrier,
got into a second-class carriage, and on leaving the
train he gave the ticket up, and was going away
without offering to pay the difference, when he was
stopped. Mr. Sarll, a gentleman residing at Blackheath,
was charged with a similar offence. The defendant
entered a first-class carriage, which was detached at Wool-
wich, where he left it, and got into another first-class car-
riage which was going to Belvidere. The defendant paid
she second class fare from Cannon-street to Blackheath
only, and if he had not meant to defraud the company
would have paid the difference from Cannon-street to
Belvidere. Iu the first case a fine of 20s. and costs was
imposed, awl in 4be second the defendant was mulcted in
double that amount.

lIELLE3, TILE CONJURER, IN THE BANKRUPTCY COURT.
—ln the Court of Bankruptcy, before Mr. Registrar
Pepys, William Henry Palmer, better known as Robert
Heller, came up for his last examination. The bankrupt
seas described as formerly of the city of Washington,
United States, teacher of music; then of the Metropolitan
Hotel, New York ; then travelling in North America,
Mexico, Japan, and China; and now of the Langham
Hotel, Portland-place, and the Polygraphic Hall, King
William-street, Strand, prestidigitateur. He came to the
court on his own petition, and attributed his bank-
ruptcy to having been sued by Messrs. Riggs and Co., of
Washington, creditors for £628. The debts aro £2,665,
and the creditors appear to reside chiefly at New York
and Washington. The stun of £6B is stated to be due to
Mr. W. S. Woodin, of the Polygraphic Hall, and £2O to
the United States Internal Revenue, New York. One
proof was admitted,. and an assignee chosen. A claim was
also entered for £6ll, on behalf of Messrs. Riggs and Co.,
of Washington, in respect of a judgment recovered agains'
the bankrupt.

Her Majesty's Ministers have accepted the invi-
tation of the Alaster and Company of the Merchant
Taylors to a grand entertainment on Wednesday, the
lith of June.

It is understood that, at the desire of the
Queen, the Volunteer field day, which was announced to
take place in Windsor Great Park on Whit-Monday, has
been po4tponed until the return of her Majesty from Scot-
land, which event will take place in about a month.

CONVOCATION.—The Archbishop of Canterbury
has formally adjourned the Convocation of his province
until Tuesday, the 30th of June. In the announcement
nothing was said about " the despatch of business."
Almost half the Lower House expires with the House of
Commons.

In accordance with an invitation, Mr. John
Bright, M.P., has consented to attend a meeting to be
held by the Welsh Reform Association, in Liverpool, in
Whitsun week. This association is of a national character,
having its headquarters at Liverpool, and it is intended
that deputations from its various branches in the different
districts of Wales shall be present.

• DISEASED MEAT IN THE LONDON MARKETS.
At the meeting of the City Commissioners of Sewers, held
at Guildhall, Dr. Letheby, the medical officer of health,
presented reports spewing that during the last fortnight
the inspectors of the markets and slaughter-houses had
condemned 6,3801 b. of diseased meat as unfit for human
food. It consisted of 26 sheep, 9 pigs, 3 calves, 48 quar-
ters of beef, and 34 joints of meat, all of which had been
destroyed in the usual manner.

Dr. Lankester has held an inquest on the body of
the son of a gasfitter named Webb. The boy was delicate
1,111:1 irritable in a high degree, and when thwarted had
frequently threatened suicide. This threat he had at
length carried into execution by taking some spirits of
salt. The coroner stated that this was the first case which
had come before him of a boy taking poison. He inti-
mated his opinion that the evidence as to his disposition
justified the conclusion " that he was not of sound mind
at the time he committed the act." The jury gave a vet.-
diet accordingly.

The inquest on the body of Mrs. Grossmith,
eating-house keeper, of Norton Folgate, has been opened.
The husband of the deceased and two neighbours were the
only witnesses examined. The former, who was away
from home at the time of the assault, was called chiefly for
the purpose of identification, and to speak to the presumed
ill-feeling of the shop-boy, Arthur Mackay, towards the
deceased ; and the latter because hearing cries they rushed
in and found her lying on the ground covered with blood,
an I only Mackay in the place. The inquiry was then
adjourned. The police continue to be unsuccessful in
their endeavours to apprehend the murderer.

THE DEATH OF THE BISHOP OF GRAFTON.
Dr. Sawyer, Bishop of Grafton and Arniidale, New South
Wales, had been conducting the evening services at
Grafton, on Sunday, March 15, when his untimely
loath occurred. At about ten o'clock he was
crossing the Clarence river to get back to Bishops.
thorpe, accompanied by his son, Mr. Brown,
James Creighton, and two female servants. After
proceeding a mile, the wind being fresh and the sails set,
near the end of Elizabeth Island a sudden gust of wind

upset the boat. The bishop's son was asleep, and was not
seen after the accident. Creighton attempted to rescue

the bishop, but was seized by the servant, who held on to
him. The bishop was never seen again. The survivors
w.lre picked up by some boats which arrived just in time
rescue them.

RELIGION IN FRANCE DURING THE
REPUBLIC OF 1848.

The destinies of France, by the revolution
of February, 1818, fell into the hands of the
people. They did not call back their ancient
dynasty, which at the time had but one repre-
sentative left, the Count de Chambord. He
had left France an orphan, exiled in 1830,
when only about six Sears of age, had lived in
exile far from his native country, and was,
therefore, unknown to everybody in France
except to those old legitimist families in whose
breasts the lawful sovereign will never die.
Those families had been decimated at the great
revolution of 1792. The most staunch had
lost part of their landed estates, but all had
benefited by the indemnity fund voted at the
time of the restoration in 1815. Their high
sense of honour kept many of them from ac-
cepting office even during the restoration, on
account of the charter, which they considered
as a bondage derogatory to the King. At the
revolution of 1830, almost every man of virtue
and conscience was obliged to retire into
private life ; the Legitimists, so called because
they refused to take an oath of allegiance
to the revolutionary King, were still living in
retirement in 1848. Their good example and
virtues were only known in the villages where
they resided ; their only occupation was the
improvement of agriculture, and the care of
the sick and poor ' • they might be seen every
Sunday in Church, and on almost every week-
day also. Such men were called retrogrades,
and deemed unworthy to conduct the affairs
of their country.
One of the worst consequences of the great
revolution of 1792 was that Paris monopolized
the entire Government of France. Paris was
everything, the ancient provinces were nothing.
To destroy their last feelings of independence
each province had been split up into so many
departments, having each a Prefect at its head.
The Prefect is the servant of the Minister, a
kind of spy set over the ancient provinces to
prevent their speaking of their former liberties;
he is, as it were, the policeman of the Minister ;
a slave, because he can be removed at a mo-
ment's notice. Since 1830 all these Prefects
have been men of the revolution. They never
go to church on Sunday ; their friend is the
village schoolmaster or the publican of the vil-
lage ; they are great enemies of the priest, be-
cause they prefer living independent of the
Ten Commandments and the Commandments
of the Church. Their orders are to keep up
every kind of prejudice against the Church
and the noblesse, to uphold everything that
was bad in the principles of the revolution
of 1792,, and to make mankind believe that
liberty can only exist where the Church has
no power. Such were the ruling powers of
France when the reins of Government were
picked up by the people of Paris in 1848. They
were too corrupt to call back their ancient
dynasty, but they were honest enough to pro-
claim the principles of 1789, perfect equality,
no monopoly, no kind of privilege, liberty to
all to do good or evil. A. republic was pro-
claimed. A republic is no doubt the most
liberal form of Government, in that respect
it throws in the shade both royalty and con-
stitutional Governments. A republic recog-
nizes the full rights of the people, and does not
allow any privileged class whatsoever. The
proclamation of a republic in France was the
advance of a century on the constitutional
Government of England. But can a nation
like the French settle down under a republic
with all its faults and ardent partisanship ? To
do so it would have required a nation of
virtuous men, where religion is respected,
where charity and the good of one's neighbour
is the only impulse ; such virtues were un-
known in France in 1848. Ever since the great
Revolution of 1792 every form of Government
had been tried ; France was like an engine
made to work out of gear. Every successive
Government had broken down in the attempt
at working with the new principles ; they only
produced a series of accidents called revolu-
tions, and each revolution multiplied the num-
ber of parties, in the same way that religious
have been multiplied from want of principle in
England. A fine illustration of the many
changes exists in France in7totohye
te
hrnoi
r.m peoplehe multiplicitynecltop Hi wnoaoowstf
ne
seeffie
cge
thatis es effigies
iuypt
tooonf
cot
alh.
Imel coin.
an.e T
stable o
ni Government 0
can a republic exist without some fixed prin-
ciple
ci cothrhrouapnht citeautnond see
e eoaftl
sspoae; Ap theyei
sceptics,
s?,
tTc
hi
hpr
eleeN ietkhoepe
aree
sl
evi
roeens
lionwot
men full of the moat tex ravagant ideas of
equality, and in perfect ignorance of the real
genius that directs the destinies of their coun-
try. Such were the popular conspirators and
leaders of the day. To please
the people they
presided over meetings at the Luxembourg,
in the Chamber of Peers, and in other places.
Men such as Louis Blanc, Ledru Rollin, and,
at the head of all,Lamartine
, became the in-
structors of the people. Pere Lacordaire
placed himself also in the pulpit of Notre Dame
to instruct the people. Everybody did his best
to give such a direction to the movement as
would tend to the preservation of order. Paris
being entirely in the hands of the people, they
were more clamorous for work than for form-
ing a Government. The Revolution of 1848
had ruined every enterprise ; a general stop
had been put to trade; the public funds-3 per
Cent. Rentes_had fallen to 35, and the
Cents. to 45 ; the Bank of France had sus-
pended specie payments, and as much as 200
francs was paid to cash a thousand
franc bank
note ; the Bank of France h s ares were at par.
Public works were, therefore, organized to give
employment to the most necessitous. Every
gentleman and tradesman enrolled himself in
the National Guard to preserve order. The
leaders of the people held monster meetings
at the Champ de Mars and in other open
places ; the Tuileries were occupied by the
people. After hearing their leaders they would
march through Paris to the seat of Govern-
ment at the Hotel de Ville, • and these mon-
ster meetings were only prevented •
taking
pos-
session of this also by the energy of M. de La-
martine, and by the prompt attendance
of the
National Guard, when they heard the call of
the drum in the street. Whilst this excite-
ment was going on in the streets, the danger
of anarchy had rallied men of various opinions;
these formed themselves into a provisional
government, and their first step was to carry
out the proclamation of universal suffrage by
the people. Directions were issued how the
general election was to take place. The num-
ber of members to be returned was fixed at
900, and that assembly met for the first time
in Paris in May, 1848, and formed themselves
into the Assemblee Constituante.

In the meantime the dangers of society
aroused a better feeling towards religion even
in Paris—the clergy were more popular on
account of the remonstrances made by the arch-
bishop to the king of the barricades—the
churches were better attended on Sundays.
With universal suffrage the people had pro-
claimed liberty to all. The religious orders
also had come back to open colleges and schools
where Catholic education was given. The
university, with its anti-Catholic teachings,
was no longer held in horror. The fathers of
Christian families had found out that the god-
less education of that establishment left them
no hold on their sons. With liberty to all,
different sects tried to establish themselves ;
amongst others, Duchatel's sect. But new sects
cannot find room in any Catholic country in
the enjoyment of liberty. In England, if the
Protestant sect was established, it was only by
the most abject slavery, by penal laws, the
cruelty of which, in our days, people cannot
believe. The guillotine had, no doubt, struck
terroroscahfwotphp in
them
he people
meoofrp leoFrance,or to
oaai
condemnednbn and
es t hs
teahndett
opct rloeehjr
atguhvyd c
bept
edhe
cnetairahl e
colony
inds
e
of Cayenne. But the guillotine was
nollotlltelohainndeyy:
g
compared with the persecution carried on in
England, where the so-called Reformation did
not so much attack the body as the soul. It
is the slavery of ignorance, the slavery of the
intelligence, which blindfolds the eyes of its