The Sun.
London, England, 1850-02-11 00:00:00

RUAR Y ll, 1850

cal assemblies not possessing corporate rights can only
obtain these rights in virtue of a law.f
Art. 14. The Christian religion is eclarerl to be the
basis of all such state institutions, wiech o.re coneveti d
with religious observances, without prejudice to ti:e
freedom of religion guaranteed by girt. 12.
Art. 15. The Evangelic and Rennin Catholic Church,
as a ell es all other religious associetione, regulate and
administer their affairs independently, and r.main in
possession and enjoyment of their t sta.blishinents,
datione, and funds destined for religious, educational,
and charitable purposes.
Art. 16. Intercourse between religious associations
and their superiors is unimpeded. The pu dicetton of
ecclesiastical ordinances is only subject ti such re-
strii tions as affect all other publications.
Art. 17. A special law will rtgulate church patrol:-
age, and the conditions under which the same eau be
annulled.
Art. 18. Nominations to, proposals for, elections and
ccntirmations ce, possessions of ecclesiastical functions,
in 50 far as regards the S:ate, and where not reposing
upon special patronage or legal titles; are abolished.
These stipulations du not affect the nomination of eccle-
siastics in the army or public establishments.
Att. 19. The introduction of civil marriage shall take
place according to a special law, which will also regulate
the management of the civil registers.
Att. 20. Knowledge and its teachers are free.
Art. 21. The instruction of youth shad be suffieiently
provided for by public schools. Parents and their sub-
stitutes cannot leave their children or wares without
the instruction prescribed for public schools for the
people.

- Art. 22. Every one is at liberty to teach, or to form
establishments for instruction, providing he can prove
to the competent authorities his moral, scientific, and
technical qualifications therefor.
Art. 23. All private and public establishments fur in-
struction and education, are placed under the superin-
tendence of authorities named by the State. All public
teachers have the rights and obligations of servants of
the State.

Art. 24. Confessional relations must be taken into
consideration so far as possible, iu organizing public
schools for the people. Religious instruction in schools
fur the people will be administered by the religious
communities whom it may concern. The management
of the external affairs of schools for the people apper-
tains to parishes. The State appoints teachers to these
schools from a list of those qualified, with the lawful
concurrence of parishes.

Art. 25. The means for establishing, maintaining, and
augmenting public schools will be furnished by parishes.
In cases ti inouthciency, the requisite funds will be
made up by the State. The obligations of third
parties, granted upon special legal titles, remain intact.
The State guarantees, to teachers in public schools, an
income commensurate with local circumstances. In-
struction in public schools for the people will be given
gratis.

Art 26. A special law will regulate the whole system
of instruction.

Art. 27. All Prussians have a right to express their
opinions freely, by word, writing, print, or pictorial re-
prezehtation. The censure cannot be introduces, and
other restrictions to the liberty of the press only through
legislative means.

Art. 28. Off,,nces by word, writing, print, or picto-
rial representation shall be punished by the common
penal law.

Art. 29. All Prussians are entitled to meet peaceably
and without arms, in inclosed spa Jes, without previous
permission from the authorities. These stipulations do
not refer to open air meetings, which also, i❑ regard to
previous authoritative perinission, are subject to the
dispositions of the law.

Art. 30. All Prussians have a right to associate for
such purposes as are not contrary to the penal code.
I:be law, in so faras regards the maintenance of public
security, specially regulates the exercise of the right
guaranteed in this and in the preceding- article (29).
Political aisociatious can to subjected to rtstrictions and
temporary suspension in the mode appointed by the Le-
gistature

Art. 31. The conditions under which corporate rights
can be accorded, or withheld, are regulated by law.
Art. 32. The right of petktlua is open to all rrussiapis.
Peticions under collective names are only permitted to
authorities or corporate bodies.

Art. 33. Secrecy of letters is inviolable. The neces-
sary exceptions, in case uf criminal prosecution a:sd of
war, bhall be determined by law.
Art. 34. All Prussians are bound to serve (as soldiers),
The extent and mode of this obligation is defined by
law.

Art. 35. The army comprises all portions of the
standing force and Landwehr. In cases of war the
King can call out the Landsturm, in accordance with
tt e law.

Att. 36. The armed force can only be employed in
suppressing internal troubles, and for the maintepatice
of the laws, i❑ cases and in the manner determined by
law, and at the requisition of the civil authorities. The
law will define exceptions as regards the latter.
Arr. 37. Military judicial power of the army is limited
to military offences., and shall to regulated by law.
Rules and regulations for military discipline i'i the army
remai❑ as objects for special ordinances.
Art. 38. The armed force can neither assemble nor
deliberate without orders, whether on or off duty.
Meetings of Land wehr, even when not on duty, for pur-
poses of discussing military orders and regulations, ate
forbidder.

Art. 39. The stipulations container in Articles 5,6,
29, 30, and 32, are only applicable to the army in to
tar as they do.not militate against military law and dis-
ciplinary regulations.

Art. 40. The establishment of fiefs and foundation cf
family entails is rorbidden. Existing fiefs and iamily
entails shall be converted into free property by legal
enactin,nti. These stipulations do nut affect fmmly set-
tlements.

Art. 41. The f iregoing dispositions (Art. 40) are not
applicable for the time being a Crown fiefs, to the entail,
of the royal and princely houses, to those fiefs situated
without the State, or to those possessions or entails
derived direct from the empire, in so tar as the same
have been guaranteed by the German Confederation.
The legal relations of the same shall be determined by
special laws.
Art. 42. The right of freely disposing of landed pre
perty is subject to no other restrictions than those e•
common legislation.

CAP. 111.
OF THE LINO.
Art. 43. The King's person is inviolable.
to be valid, require the
acts of the King's Government, n
Art. 44. The King's Ministers are responsible. A.ll
countersign of a Minister, who thereby assumes the
responsibility.
ge
tse thers. fe
elxecutive
power. He namesorders
Art. 45. To the
alen'dindgiamloisnseesbmelionni
the promulgation and issues the decrees requi-
site for their fulfilment.
•
Art. 46. The "le
l:w iss, Commander-in-Chief of the
army.
Art. 47. The King appoints to all commissions in the
well as. to all ether functions in the divers
of the State service, in as tar as the law dues
not otherwise ordain.
branchesa r
Art. 43. The King has the right to declare var and
conclude peace, and to establish other treaties with fo.
reign Governments. The latter, to be valid, require the
assent cf the Chambers, in so far as they be commercial
treaties, or when burdens may thereby be impo:e l on
the State or its citizens.
Att. 49. The King has the right of grace and reducing
punishments. This right eau only be exercised in fa-
vour of Ministers coneertmed on account of official pro-
ceedirge, on the proposition of the Chamber whence the
accusation IA: emanated. The King can only put a stop
to prosecutions already commenced in virtue of a spe-
cial law.
Art. 50. To the King belongs the conferring of orders
and other distinctions, not connected with privileges.
lie exercises the right of coinage according to law.
Art. 51. The King convenes the Chambers and closes
their sessions. He can dissolve one or both together.
In such case, however, the electors must be convolte'd
within the space of sixty days after the dissolution, and
the Chambers re-assembled within ninety days of their
dissolution.
Art. 52. The King can adjourn the Chambers. This
adjournment cannot last longer than thirty days without
their assent, and cannot be renewed during the same
session.
Art. 53. The Crown, according to the law existing in
the royal house, is hereditary in the male line of the
royal family, according to the rights of primogeniture
and the agnatic law of descent.
Art. 54. The King obtains his majority upon accom-
plishing his eighteenth 3 ear. Ho takes a solemn oath,
in presense of both Chambers assembled, to maintain
firmly and inviolably the constitution of the monarchy,
and to govern in accordance with it and the laws.
Art. 55. The King cannot simultaneously reign over
any foreign State without assent of the Chambers.
Art. 56. Should the King be a minor, or unable for a
length of time to govern, the oldest agnat nearest allied
to the Crown assumes the Regency. lie must forthwith
convoke the Chambers, who in united Assembly will
decide upon the urgency of a Regency.
Art. 57. Should no agnat of age be forthcoming, and
no legal measure have previously provided for this event,
the Ministers must convoke the Chambers, who in united
assembly will appoint a Regent. The Minister will
conduct the Regency until the Regent shall assume his
functions.

Art. 58. The Regent exercises the kingly power
ascribed to him in the King's name. Upon the consti-
tution of the Regency he takes oath before both Cham-
bers, to observe firmly and inviolably the constitution of
the Monarchy, and to govern in accordance with it and
the laws. Until this oath be taken .Ministers remain
responsible, under every circumstance, for all acts of
Government. _ _

Art. 59. The revenues of the Crown (Civil List) con-
tinue to be derived from the rents of the forests and do-
maim, according to the law of the 17th of January, 1820,
regulating the Royal Entail Funds.

CAP. IV.
OF THE MINISTERS.

Art. GO. Ministers, us welt as the state functionaries
appointed as their substituteF, are entitled to appear in
both Chambers, and must be beard at all times on their
demand. Each Chamber has a right to require the pre-
sence f a Minister. Ministerz can only vote in oe• or
other Chamber if they be Membirs cf the same.
Art. Gl. Ministers can, through a resolution of either
Chamber, be impeached fur the crime of violating the
constitution, for corruption, or treason. The highest
court of justice of the Monarchy, assembled in Senatus,
takes cognizance of the accusation. So long as two
supreme courts of justice exist, they will unite for this
purpose. More immediate dispositions respecting the
cases of responsibility, the proceedings and punishments,
are reserved fur special law.

CAP. V.
OF THE CHAMBERS.
Art. 62. ,The legislative power is exercised in common

. —....---.......-...........---- the
' f• v the King and two Chambers. The alsent of
,
Kmg and both Chambers is requisite for all lows.rs beYl-
lemetal projects and estimates (budgets) raubt 6 t ,
isubmitted to the Second Chamber. The latter 1/3,1-or'.
i se accepted or rejected globally by the First CbsEarlio
Art, 63. In cases only erlieu the maintenance of puo„s.
security or the suppression of ally extraordinary 06;1
tts urgently demand, and in case the Chambers are.
0018
assembled, and under the responsibility of the 'en
force off iw
.
t sry, can ordinances be issued ha g the cos'
Mini
elways providing they be not contrary to r•
yina'
stitution. Thesame must, however, be submitted fo
next
I_
with to the approbation of the Chambers at their
meeting. s 0 the
Art. 64. The right of proposing laws is YeSt" I t d
King •
and in both Chambers. Projects of
cannot be reproduce,.
by either Chamber or by the King lei rejec e..,1
during the same session. Of rincea
Art. 65. The first Chamber consists—(a) Priv:"
nahnce,
of the Royal Family of age. (b) Of the heads of re,
sian houses deriving directly- from the former eaWrjais
and of the heads of those families who, bY.l•oBl;irst
C amber, according to the rights of primogellitti ono,
lineal descent. These ordinances will, at the acme ono,
may be appointed to seats and votes to mere
cod
specify the conditions whereby this right sof be :mt be
sshtaatlel
to certain landed possessions. Tnis right canna
oli'
exercised by proxy, and falls into abeyaece dur(l;rossa
,noatnlcite domiciled
nority or during service taken under a 110°-,le right
further s o
inlanPgruasasibae. P°(,:r6icglectiiiir ina°lio:
hers whom the King .
may appoint for fit • woo
bar net to exceed one-tenth e f those members obeli
are to be directly elected by electoral districfst_bee of
electors
by law, to consist of thirty times the etlu: to the
state.
tors (Art. 70) who ray the highest taxersorsing
(e) Of thirty members to be elected, se's
of
to
the stipulations of the law, from the Weal be,r „ whole
municipal councils elected by large towns; itir ato e
number of the members named in the schedule' dio-
cannot exceed those mentioned in d and e• 9380 T
lotion of the Chamber only affects elected teerilbe in the
Art. 66. The formation of the First Chell'ber,
nal
the
7mannerh defined in Art. 65, shall not take Pl.acectibstober
t of August, 1852. Until that period, theFlrst to
ef
will continue to be elected upon the :basis of tb"
,
6th December, 1848. r•od for chi
Art. 67. The duration of the legislativePe•l is
First Chamber is fixed for six years. Oh Ober
Art. 68. Eligible as member of the First ‘,lO year,
every Prussian who has accomplished his fortieth rigilts
who has not lost the full enjoyment ofT.c'y oftescll
through judicial sentence, and ho shlsll uti" ritorP
~Ate ter
_of
resided five years w• •
within the Prussian D"
Di • her dill; °
Membersofthe First
Chamber . -51 t
receive
travelling expenses. 0f SO 01W
Arts 69. The Second Chamber Ws 3 '3'4'
NOS fined by •
bore,
. The electoral districts are &Print- floc, 01'0°
They may consist of one or more districts or
mar
or more large towns. big
twee .
Art 70 F
fifth • . svery Prussian who has attained Pel„,ielfir
year, and is qualified to vote for theloo°l,4 0 le,'
Lions of his place of domicile,is • 'tde to Yr 'sir
tst°ll ht
eligible
for '
direct elector. Ile who is entitled to vote • the
elections in several erei°B
0 _
ndi parishes can only ex led
OP
fAi sect elector (Unceihler) in one. llbe ' ect
from
rt. 71. One direct elector IVahlynann)9b,he oda ,
etiem, every complete amount of 250 soul*. .14 • e Cloisel
.. wrs (Urwahler) shall be divided into thre ,00
according to the respective f direct tile 41
amount 0 -1, catee 0
by each • , and this in suchmanner that each. et pie
shall ,
sf dire _O.
pay one-third of the whole amount ,/,. „ he OP n'
levied on the whole. The total amount 005"eissh cel:
bated thus:—(a) Parochially, providing the Prdistriet'
tutes an electoral • diug "° lPr
circle. (b) seccor f ars is
se• .0
when the indirect
electoral circle consists 0 h elec. i
rish .
is. The first category consists of all i°2l,,ce.tbirdi°o
as pay the highest taxes, to the *mount 0' °•• see oe•ii,
who Plod Oro
the. whole. The second, of those
highest amount down to the limits of tb°sB:llen,ft '
Die third, of all the lowest taxed, who, '°gell ideu ;et:,
plate the last third. Each class can be r.lhow",•isi
several electoral circles, none of which Illkstist'ooo3o7,oo
iexceed 500 Urtviihler. Direct electors masher f per6.;-$1
umber °,‘ 00.1
entztleth division of the circle from the D
Ato vote indirectly,' Vara l'" T
without r o direct
divisions. aII he
Art. 72. Reresentatives to be ciente. tell t-,
electors. Thee leet are toiell r. ill
oral law defines more aoe 4
mode of c •• arrylne• out elections its such totea' mer t''
A slslig
lieu of ' . parts at direct taxes, the meal and --
is levied. a colr
Art. "
/3. The legislativeperiodof the $OOO
t of
her is limited be
to three ears rneni oth
Art. 74. Every Prussian ' be o - • -
is eligible to d his ..io
the Second Chamber who has accomplishe 00
, of 0
year, who has not forfeited the en'oyeneD• halo
Orci
rights through judicial jdwho Os
sentence, an tears
during three years to the Prussian State.
died at ~geerl
, Art. 75. The Chambers are to be re-ele tee sssssi
parhranntion of their legislative period. The sa,pietew-
floe. ,
they are dissolved. In either cases se
solt°s
are re eligible. Is eoe else
Art. 76. The Chambers larl/ Isols-
are to be regu „ad
by the King during
.0 . mberi
that, as often •
,: as circumstances may require. Ch.." gp•
Art. 77. The openingclosingf the • er eh
and 0 1,101- • j3oi,
takes place by the King in person, or bY al
s rober9's at
pointed by him, in presence of both 13°,4 cosec
Chambers are to be convoked,add of
opened, le° •
proroguedAr simultaneously. a slificapt Of
E. 78. Each
Chamber proves the enegulet- ale'
its members Ind decides thereon. libeY %as r.er Os
order of
Liens,
business and discipline by WI resl'e /of
is,-p 01/4
lens, and elect their
own ' cienta, 1 uire Rae or
rest . 1
and secretirie
Functionaries do 11°' "es seteb,eresili
absence) to ..s. ult in the Chamber. Whell Liseectea rise
eepts paid f ' • I • • efßee yr" von in e.
increased
ucctions, or a
creased salary, he ea ligt.er ,
siaa vo ,esje
vacates his scab P ~., pew el..
Chamber and can lie,
, only recover the :ante u. 7 ob f
No one can be l member of both Chambers. so, porn
Art. 79. The
sittings of b
Eash Chamber, at th °.
Pre° serv-
e proposition of the fr • t
0 007
ten members i l'b rat° 'it"
- • , may proceed to secret ee.i e i T., ke e
a decis. • ion must be come to on this proposition
hitt° i 0
the galleries). ite° ,p 4
Art. 80. Neither Chamber can adopt 6 i pe',
when the legal majority of its members is Oa' 4te for
Each Chamber adopts it resolutions by 0179-hi hoof "ur
jority, unless in such cases as the rules of tb°,:t.io'ss•cl•
election (for,Presideet,.&c.) may establish esc7se°- r
dresses Art. 81.
the
Chamber has a right to P-seutiell„°,s
to e Ring. No one can deliver a 1::,- perfr a
address
Each ChamberttheChambers, or to either of thud to 11;
can refer documents addres'°; torn - '
the _
.Ministers,. and demand explanations Wig" t
plaints contained therein. re
oppoiP'
Art. 8_ .—Each -- sch Chamber has -Of '4/ .11 ir
commissions of investigation the foci] seir eov ,
Tormation. of facts for in te
, repress, in

Art. 83. Members of both Chambers lir:;cortiiigonS
thiv:isr clif:etelceolrvivhi(c)tietoPn(,)paunldatairoen.no'thhol7rtif:::ictft;:er gor or instructions.
Art. 84. They cannot be called to illy then; hjout its
their votes, or their opinions uttere". ;on, viltt. for 011
Chambers. No member of the Chatubeir- aril" he p0—
assent, be submitted to examination °";yecl 11;lito
proceeding entailing penult' es, unless tie" 6i0)"ii':(1
or within twenty-tour hours of the sale', hen 1-ng
ceedings are nee: scary in case of arrest ie" chglij
coins! proc( edings against members of the ended err"
all examination or civil arrest must be su6ray con
the session, should the Chamber when' it W ire
rater psl'
detra,,d'.
travelling A rt. 85.
expenses Members a
and
df
diett e
inSecondorey Cfrbociaula
itrnoenoorstiol,
according to a scale fixed by law (threfitae
shillings ler day). Refusal of the 5
inissible.

nAne byCAP. VI. Oiee
OF THE JUDICIAL POW Ell_, ;0 the ~coo'
Art. 86. The •
judicial power is exercise" ` tber Pstetl
name, for life.o 0 IC
rity than that of the law. Sentences a P in Jill
independent courts, subject toreo rote,.
andA carried into effect in the Nino's halee:log, er.Lotie'
place according
Art. 87. Judges are nominated by the for suor 1,10
remoulded
from office
rereoenforee
con"
temporarily fOr motives pro ,do no otbet
They can only be for 1 OP
Temporary suspensions from office, whie'.lll or
d for
parts, or to the retired hits, can only,be d tlic°
to law, involuntary
an la
causes and in the mode prescribed by )' 10
queue° of judicial sentence. y OtiArDIC 111
Art. 88. Judges clnnct henceforth occoP doissi
official tanctions. Exce • e only rj
Exceptions or 0°
00
virtue law. rl3
U
Art. 89. The organization cf judicial ce
to of
determined by law. es '9'
;tog v.
Art. 90. Those only can be appointed), .130 r eiolli
qualified therefore by the prescriptions ~'r, esPebd ie
Art. 91. Courts for special classes of atol 1110 iiiiio
est e 1-
courts of commerce and industry, shall be b le . on
such places as may be required throg,e, tnotet,
moans. The mode of procedure in eonset' tbv,,,, WI;
nation of members, the special attriburojoed vitirs et
and the duties of their office, shall be dae„rretto co 1
Avt. 92. There shall be only one Or . cif;
justice in Prussia. oats !tei cse'
Art. 93. Proceedings before conapet,,e°,lCpubili P'ree
and criminal cases shall bepublic. 'Pi"— opel3" Ike-
t 10 e
however,
be suspended by a judgmee lity.
nounced, should it endanger order or itavi•
oitiel;
re ori
cases publicity can only be restrict©d Woof es,e whic,
Art. 94. In cases of crimes entailing 0 0 pre to
tb
in all political crimes and offences et
the
t.
p 0 Tl3°
, e
the law does not explicitly except, the Ahv 0 itii:if. II
guilt of the accused must be pronounce", by
bl'"d 1,1 -
organisation of jury courts will be regibil toblisPeeVeli
Art. 95. A special jury court can be ee f the o
Drit o do. ,6
law to be enacted with the previous so— corfreiw",,
hers, the province of which will be to tak° • to
0 oeu
merle as .41
crimes of hih treason and such otbe tote' arl'
against intel or extern
al security.of tbe
..1 ibe .1 ,
be referred tit b I The onstitutiou "`
y aw. e Ala or
IR . ..e.
of this court shall be regulated by law. _, iasticek, jor,
Art.
teat The competency of courts "_`..l;:ined :.'•,iti9'
adminiive authorities shall be deter,icial sutPitof•
Conflicts betwem administrative and .I°' • ted bY giOe
oal fatiO ,to
shall be decided by a court of justice epP
lona moo 0
Art. 97. The conditions under whicibtePd for fi_ee, .0.4
arias, civil and military, can be prosle,l4,l attribuialvi
of their law by ovurgeppitig their oWelueraijoiol3
be determined by Jaw. The precious P TO
superiors in office is not required. TO
CAP. \Tit 0r„...re10156
h Pl 6
OF STATE FUNCTIONAniEs NOTc.- eet
BENCH oF JUDGESL„.s of 00, wjg
~
Art. 98. The special legal tel3.t.ur boob °f J° by:,
functionaries as do not belong to the be reginbe Unit
including the attorney-general, shall . ob t
o, p-
law which, without unnecessarily_ I'r...tine org
so
verrilm.,nt in the selection of its eih9tr.,igoories
afford sufficient security to State
.1
,13''' 0.
ndlac`"
arbitrary deprivation of place a State
CAP. VIII'
0, f the o 03'
OF THE FININC--;ots 0 ad •
Art. 99. All receipts and disburs:o wrivatn;io
must be calculated for each Year shall' 0
serted in the estimates. The latter
erlek you* Py a kiwi