The Sun.
London, England, 1857-07-09 00:00:00

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(Front the Times.)
Attested by Mr. Ross Donnelly Mangles
ash the following, in reply to the le:t era of
Major-General Tucker, which we published on the
28th ult., and of "Miles,"-which appeare 1 in our
impression of Monday last :
"Let me beg you to do me the justice to make as public
as the char- ass against me the following extract from the
speech which I delivered at Addiscombe—a passage which
because I believe it to contain the truth, and wholesome
truth, the manner in which it has been distorted to my
prejudice cannot cause me to. regret that I addresied to
' the young men who are just entering or who have lately
entered the Indian army.' I believe that they need such
counsel, given certainly, as I think that the passage will
evince, in no unkindly or ungenerous spirit by one much
older than themselves, who spent the best years of his life
in India, and who learnt there not only to treat with due
kindness and respect every class of the native community
with which he was brought into contact, but to feel the
highest admiration for those officers of native regiments of
the good old school who knew and loved their men, and
were looked up to by them in return with real affection
and respect. When I spoke at Adliscombe I uitered
not my own sentiments only, but the opinions earnestly
urge .l upon m 3, with entreaties that I would do my
utmost to,inculcate them, as appropriate to the conjunc-
ture, by many officers of that class ; and I have no fear
that any officer of the East India Company's Service who
has any, the slightest, acquaintance with my character
and real feelings will believe for a moment that I am
so foolish and so false as to " cast aspersions" upon
the gallant and distinguished service to which ho be.
longs, and with which it is to me a source of high grati-
fication that, although a civilian, I long have been, and
still am, officially associated."

[PRICE 4D. STAMPED 5D .]

is believed that he feels peculiarly interested in the
case, and basso mastered it that he will leave no
stone unturned to secure the deliverance of his un-
fortunate client.

THE BENGAL SEPOY.

(Prom, the Morning Herald)
We published on Tuesday some remarks upon the
condition of the Bengal Sepoy, and the circum-
stances which inevitably render him, under our pre-
sent organisation, not only an untrustworthy, but a
-dangerous soldier to his employers. It will be our
duty at present t °refer to t he con ditionof theregimen-
tal officer in the Company's service, and point out
the necessities which not only destrey his effe ency
in his own person, but undermine the authority
and lower his prestige in the eyes of those who for
the benefit, and indeed safety of the empire, ought
to look:to him as the source both of- reward and
punishment. In fact, the officer should be to the
sepoy what they themselves designate, in their
figurative language, " the distributor of bread."
Such was the state of things when the sepoy was
an efficient and loyal soldier. It requires very
little knowledge of the state of our Indian army
to discover how completely the relative position of
the officer'and sepoy has been al'ered in the course
of the last few years ; and how perversely measures
have been adopted which could result in no other
effect than to destroy all feelings, not only of
respect or gratitude, but even of salutary fear on
the part of the latter.
This subject has been so frequenly mooted of
late that we mighty perhaps have passed it over,
were it not that the short-sighted policy which pro-
duced such disastrous effects requires to be exposed,
not only in its action and effect, but also in its
motives and objects.
- We shall sum up shortlythe practices which are,
according to our views, most influential in produc-
ing the present disastrous condition of -the native
service in Bengal.
The most obvious of the practices, and perhaps
in its results the most mischievous as regards the
officer, has been the hebit adopted, in the increas-
ing ratio for several years back, of feeding the civil
by drafts from the military service of the Company.
The result, one would have supposed, of such a
system might have been easily foreseen ; but, as We
hope to show, the motive to its adoption was so
strong as to overcome all considerations even of the
most ordinary prudence.
At the first glance it will be obvious that such a
practice deprived the military set vice of two classes
of men—those whose capacity and talent rendered
them eligible for staff and civil appointment, and
those whose interest set them above the ordinary
reutine of the service.
It may be said that the second class were perhaps
no great loss, but their removal not improbably in-
creased the feeling of hopeless and the sense of
wrong inevitably engendered in the minis of those
who were left behind, even more than the selection
of superior men, whore claims to employment might
more easily have been admitted by their less for-
tunate comrades.
However this may be, it is rand able that the
mare regimental officers became to be regarded as
an inferior disc —a view which was naturally con-
firmed when it was remarked that inefficiency or
misconduct in those who were selected f employ-
ment upon extra-regimental ditties was punished
by sending the delinquent back t-, his regiment.
The effect upon the minds of men so neglected and
so looked upon may easily be conoeived ; and, with-
out wishing to say one harsh word, it may be
easily believed that the regimental officers of the
Bengal army are not equal either in zeal or effici-
chancy to their predecessprs of 30 or 4d year; ago.
To all this, however, was aided another cumu-
lative lead; which aggravated the evils which we
have already commentei on. This error was the
system of concentration of authority in the hands
of the highest functionaries of the artily, whereby
the regimental officers were deprived of all control
over the soldiert. We have been given to under-
stand that the most trivial matters, even the
reduction of an insubordinate or inefficient havil-
der-serjeatit to the ranks, was of necessity referred
to head-quarters, and not unfrequently the sentence
of the regimental court-martial was reversed. In-
deed, we have heard upon good authority that the
first symp•2ma of bad feeling in a cavalry regiment
which has taken a e anspicuous part in the revolt
showed themselves immediately afttr the replace-
ment in front of the regimentof a non-commissioned
officer, in defiance of the sentence of a court-mar-
tial by which he had been degraded.
It is hardly nece.slry to dilate upon all the dis-
locations of community of feeling which such a sys-
tem must preduce ; and from what has been said
we think that every one can form his own opinion
as b the causes which have le 1 to our present evils.
There is, however, an additional matter upon which
the public mind ought to be informed, and for
giving this information there will be no time except
the present moment, as, of er the next mail, public
attention will be of necesity diverted from causes
to effects.
We believe the origo inalei, in all these transac-
tions has been the deficiency of the revenue in our,
Eastern empire, which, as at present administered,'
has not by any means increased in amount in an
equal ratio with its territorial aggrandisement.
It is not necessary to enter into details of figures,
but it will be sufficient to state that the expendi-
ture of our magnificent Indian empire very consi-
derably exceeds the net receipts of the revenue. A
vary large part of this expenditure consists of the
salaries, stsc., of the civil servants of the company;
and as the funds are utterly unable to bear an in-
crease of the number of civil servants required for
the administration of the new provinces, if paid at
the Fame high rate which his hitherto been consi-
dered necessary for those employed within that por-
tion of the empire which existed before the late ad-
ditions, a dilemma arose. Now, as the reduction
of the salaries of the original civil servants was a
matter which would not be entertained by the
Court of Directors—and, indeed, could not be so
with any justice to those who had already received
their appointments—a means must be found by
which efficiency and economy might be combined.
It will bs easily seen that an officer weary of
the routine of regimental service, and, perhaps,
pinched in his means, would be only too happy to
be employed at a rate much below that at which
a civil servant would be retained for the same
duties—and such has proved to be the case.
Now, be it remarked, these men are never re-
placed in their regiments, and in consequence the
duties of the army were left to be performed by a
class too small for the work, and deteriorated by the
abstraction of their best men.

Extract from the chairman's address to the cadets
at Addiscombe on the 12th of June, an
" He then said emphatically there was one point of para-
mount importance to the efficiency of the. Indian army on
which he deemed it his duty to dwell at some length, in
the hope that through the instrumentality of the press
the words which he now addressed to them might reach a
much larger number of young men who are just entering
or who have lately entered the Indian army. And they
might believe him, those words were but the echo of the
sentiment of every officer in that service of ability and ex-
perience. It deeply grieved him to tall them that all joined
in lamenting the marked alteration in the tone and bear-
ing of the younger officers in the Indian army towards the
native soldiers of all ranks. It was alleged, he feared too
truly, that the kind en 1 cordial feeling of comrades in
arms, serving the same Government, and bound to allegi-
ance and loyalty by the same military oath, had been
superseded by a cold and distant demeanour, if not in some
ins'ances by positive rudeness of behaviour. Suoh a state
of things was greatly to be deplored. If that estrangeinent
of officers from men, an l especially of English from
native officers, was allowed to continue and grow,
it was impos9ible to calculate the fatal consequ-
ences that might ensue. The attachment—the &yes
tion to the death of the native soldiery to their English
commanders has been one of the proudest and most
gratifying features in the annals of our Indian em-
pires. He would read to them the glowing words in which
the great historian of our day describes a remarkable in-
stance of that devotion. He is speaking of the defence of
Arcot, the occasion on which the greet Lord Clive, then
scarcely more than a boy, first displayed his high military
genius :—` During 50 deys the siege went on ; daring 50
days the young captain maintained the defence with a
firmness, vigilance, and ability which would have done
honour to the oldest marshal in Europe. The breach,
however, increased day by day. The garrison began to
feel the pressure of hunger. Under such circum-
stauces any troops so scantily provided with offi-
cers might have been expected to show signs
of insubordination, and the danger was peculiarly
great in a force composed of men differing widely from
each other in extraction, colour, language, manners, and
religion. But the devotion of the little band to its chief
surpassed anything that is related of the 10th Legion of
Caesar, or of the Old Guard of Napoleon. The sepoys came
to Clive, not to complain of their scanty fare, but to pro-
pose that all the grain should be given to the European.,
who required more nourishment than the natives of Asia.
The thin gruel, they said, which was strained away from
the rice would suffice for themselves. History con-
tains no more touching instance of military fidelity,
or of the influence of a commanding mind.' For the
honour of their country let them not fling away through
their own default the inheritance of this great moral power.
He entreated them, therefore, to lose no opportunity of cul-
tivating the attachment and conceience of the native officers
and e •1. Their t espect and esteem would abundantly repay
any exertion or self-denial which the performance of that
duty might cost them. Like other men, they had their
troubles and anxieties. They would learn to resort to them
for counsel and comfort. Like other men, they had their
sports and pastimes; they would be greatly gratified by
their partaking in or even by their wituessingihem. They
might look on or join within proper bounds in each pas-
times, without losing a particle of their men's or of their
own respect. Ho would be th,., last to advise them, for the
sake of winning a little temporary popularity, to take
part in any amusement, or bo present on any occasion un•
becoming the character of Christian gentlemen. But cont.
tesy, kindness, sympathy, and especially respect for the
position of the native officers, were not only not derogatory
to that character, but they were Christian virtues which
they were positively bound to exercise ; and every lick
which such conduct on their part might forge in the
cLa;n which binds the naive soldiery to their English
commanders would give additional stability to the British
power, and add to the strength and security of our mighty
empire in the East. He entreated them to treat the native
soldiery with kindness and respect. It was by such means
alOne that a few hundred officers could hold the command
of meny thousands of men. These were the principles
upon which India had been won by their predecessors, and
which had enabled them to hold it ; and most earnestly
did he entreat thorn to follow their good example."

Let us remember that within the last few years
the whole of Scin.de, the vast resources of the Pun-
jaub, the greater part of Burmah, part of Pegu,
large tracts of the Nizam's country, and last, not
least, the ►tire kingdom of Oude, have been
added to the Indian empire ; and that the whole,
or nearly the whole, administration of those coun-
tries has been entrusted to the officers withdrawn
from the military service. Surely, on considering
this, it will be easy to form an opinion of how
completoly inefficient the regimental administra-
tion must have become. _

Nevertheless, with regard to the financial point
of view, far worse remains behind. It is generally
agreed that great charges, of which the following
may be regarded as the most important, are per-
emptorily required :
A considerable increase of European troops.
This will cost money.
A considerable increase of officers to each regi-
ment.

This will cost money.
A considerable increase of the civil service ; as,
if it were sufficient, it would not have been neces•
nary to rob the military department to supply the
want of civil servants.
EiniurPoPreteannt aprotiiialltesr,y in
the
subAsntidt,ntliaosnt,
oofneaonf tehnetimreoiyst
lieulof that now existing ; in fact, our opinion is,
that there never should be another native gunner
trained in India.
This will cost money.
The question then arises, where is it to come
from 1 The last Parliamentary return announces
the frightful fact that the deficiency of revenue
with regard to expenditure amounted to the sum
of 1,707,3641., and we all know that Lord Dal-
houste's tamperings with the Four and Five per
Cents. has rendered the
possibility of raising a loan
a matter of very considerable doubt.
Now, is there not something here that requires
inquiry ? We know that the comparatively small
islands of Cuba and Java return large
surpluses
over expenditure to their Dutch and Spanish
masters, and that in Java the inhabitants have
become comparatively wealthy and independent ;
while the population of that empire of which the
dominions of the Great Mogul form only an item
are poor and oppressed, and the empire itself is
absolutely bankrupt.
This is a sorry prospect. It will, however, be
necessary to examine hereafter if we are likely to
derive comfort from a review of our relations with
neighbouring States—Nepaul, Cashmere, China,
and Russia,