The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-13 00:00:00

THE FACTORIES BILL.

Yesterday the Factories Bill, amended by the Committee,
and on the report, was printed. It contains seventy-four
clauses, with four schedules annexed. The Act is to come
into operation on the Ist of October next, except any pro-
vision which is otherwise specially mentioned. No inspector
to act as a magistrate. Inspectors to enter factories and
schools at sky time to examine any registries, &c. An office
in London or Westminster is to Ise provided for the use of
inspectors and for the preservation of factory records ; clerks
and servants to be appointed for the office. Persons begin-
ning to occupy a factory to send notice thereof to the office
of the factory inspectors. Certifying surgeons to be ap-
pointed by inspectors ; fees to be fixed by inspectors. The
certificate of age, &c., to apply to only one factory, and may
be annulled by the inspectors. Machinery to be guarded,
Ind factories kept clear. Notice to be given of any accident.
Certifying surgeon to examine into the cause and extent of
accidents. Actions may be brought on the report of an in-
spector, for bodily injuries received from machinery. Clocks
to be provided for regularity in work, and registers to be
kept in every factory. An abstract of the Act and notices
to be hung up in every factory. Children at eight years old
may be employed in factories, but not to work more than
seven hours a day ; to go to school : young persons to be
restricted to ten hours a day. Lost time may be recovered.
Work to cease on Saturday at half-past four o'clock. One
hour at least to be given as meal time, half-holidays allowed,
and attendance of children at school. Inspectors to give
notice of dangerous machinery. All complaints under this
Act to be preferred within two months. Proceedings to be
taken before justices. Power given to distrain goods in
factories belonging to persons convicted. Inspectors compe-
tent witnesses. Surgical certificates to be proof of age.
Penalties for infringing the Act—on parents allowing chil-
dren to be employed contrary to the provisions. Penalties
to be applied for the establishment or support of day schools
for the education of children employed in factories. Appeals
allowed in certain cases. A very long interpretation clause
is set forth. Act may be repealed or amended. In the sche-
dules the various certificates required are set forth, and
directions given for carrying the Government measure into
operation.

THE MURDER AT BATTERSEA.
The report of the proceedings before the magistrate
on Saturday will be found in another part of the paper.
Our reporter, very properly, gave no extracts from the
abominable letters found in the possession of the pri-
soner. It appears, however, that others were found in
the house of the deceased—all showing the diseased
state of the man's mind. The following is a list of
them :

No. Iwas dated the 24th of November, 1843, and was
throughout couched in language the most affectionate.
It.conimenced by condoling with the deceased respecting
some misconduct of his daughter, and hoped the ven-
geance of heaven might fall upon those who were trying
to tear her from him, in allusion to which he designated
one of her sisters as an angel and another as a fiend.
In conclusion, it stated he could not help calling himself
her most affectionate husband, A. Dalmas.
No. 2, dated 12th January, 1544, was of the same
affectionate tenour, and concluded, " Yours, most affec-
tionately, A. D."

No. 3 was also dated in January, and began, "To the
woman I adore, and will adore while I have existence.
Beloved Sarah, my life is in your hands, and I am under
your command next to God. Do not forget your be-
loved Augustus."

No. 4 was dated Friday, 18th February, 1844, and
began, "My beloved Sarah ;" and concluded, " Your
beloved Augustus."

No. 5, dated 21st February, 1844, began, " My be-
loved wife." In this letter he called the deceased his
angel and beloved, and hoped God would love him as he
did her ; and concluded, "Your dearly beloved Au-
gustus."
No. 6, dated 12th April, 1844, breathed the same af-
fectionate spirit, but complained of Ellen's (the deceased's
sister) conduct, and appointed to meet the deceased on
the next Sunday evening at the Rev. Dr. Morrison's
chapel, Trevor-square, Knightsbridge, as he wished " to
join his prayers with hers." It concluded with " God
bless and protect you, and believe me to be your affec-
tionate husband, A. Mamas."

No. 8, dated 16th April, 1844, was rather cooler, but
he still called himself her devoted Augustus, and ever
faithful and devoted husband."

No. 9, dated 21st April, 1844, was still affectionate,
and appointed her to meet him the next evening in
Trafalgar-square, as he had something he must commu-
nicate to her.

No. 10, which is the last letter she is believed to have
received from him, was dated the 23d of April, 1844,
and was as follows :

" Tuesday Evening, April 23, 1844.
" My Sarah,—This is the first time you have sent
mo a cross message, and I hope it will be the last.
You, told me you had forgiven me, and gave me your
blessing. Why then should you now send me such a
message, that you are cross with me. Augusta has
money to pay you for her temporary stoppage at your
house, as I think Caroline will require her assistance in
the nursery, or get her a situation near her. There-
fore, do not be angry. You always told me Augusta
should never want a friend as long as you had a home
for her ; but whatever you do for her will be fully re-
warded. See you I must, therefore send me word by
Augusta to-morrow morning, when and where, with the
least inconvenience to you. Although you sent me
such a cross message, I am still,
" Your affectionate husband,
"(Relent ! relent !) " A. DALISIAS."

GLASGOW CIRCUIT COURT.
SINGULAR SCENE.

The Glasgow Argus of Monday records the following
singular scene as having taken place in the Circuit Court
of that city on Friday last :
" A man named Walker was charged with assault,
with intent to ravish ; and several witnesses were exa-
mined for the prosecution, when, on the recommendation
of the Lord Justice Clerk, the Advocate-Depute (Mr.
Mure) abandoned the case. The jury were then in-
formed by Lord Wood that they had no alternative
but to return a verdict of not guilty, or not proven ;
and that, in his opinion, they ought to return a verdict
of not guilty, seeing the case had been abandoned.
After consultation, the jury, through their Chancellor,
intimated that they were not prepared to return a ver-
dict in favour of the prisoner, as they were strongly
impressed with the fact that, he was guilty. The Lord
Justice Clerk inquired whether this was merely the
impression of their own minds, or if they had founded
their opinion on the evidence which had been led
The reply to his Lordship was, that the jury founded
their opinion upon the evidence alone. The Lord
Justice. Clerk then stated that the case having been
given up, they had no alternative but to return a ver-
dict of not guilty. A verdict of 'Not Gullty was then
recorded, and the prisoner dismissed from the bar,
though, it will be observed, no verdict whatever was re-
turned by the jury.
"This occurrence excited considerable surprise in Court.
Several of the gentlemen forming the
jury (which
immediately dismissed, and a new one impanners
ed
)
e e
expressed themselves privately exceedingly dissatisfiedd.ng
with what had taken place, and regardedeir the
as one which had taken out of their hands
par
privilegeoc
'
they considered they alone possessed—that of returning
a verdict for or agailist the prisoner. A consultation
was afterwards held, and the following protest drawn up
and subscribed by ten of the jury
" 3d May, 1844.
• 'men who sat on the trial of Alexander Wal-
We' Jurassault,with intent ker, accused of to ravish, hereby
protest that the verdict of not guilty recorded was not
the verdict which we were prepared to return in the
above case, not being satisfied from the evidence of the
ofintenthieurhyamndesn.
prisoners innocence.
jurymen.]
the
TheE riabeorveef°plireowtetsht e wsiagslialotildrgesd
clerk of Court, but hitherto •no notice has been taken of
it from the Bench."
Thi

-le career of Sir Rol—Tea—Peel's Conservative
sCualbaliinestuhrparsit,en rendered memorable by a succession of
good, bad, and indifferent. The new
tariff was a surprise—the new sliding-scale was a
surprise and a disappointment—the income-tax was a
surprise and a terror to the middle classes—the forced
resignation of the Duke of Buckingham was a surprise
and a source of apprehension to the dupes of pretended
" farmers' friends''—the appointment of Lord Ellen-
borough to the Government of India was a surprise—
the manner of his Lordship's recal was a greater sur-
prise still—and now we have the crowning surprise in
the appointment just made of an officer to succeed his
Lordship as supreme ruler in the East. It was pretty
generally understood that the Premier had designed
the government of India for the Home Secretary,
who was to be rewarded for his secession from the
Whig ranks with a Peerage, by the style and title of
Baron Netherby. But some how or other the discovery
was made that Sir J. Graham was not popular at the
India House ; and also, that in the present complicated
state of affairs at home, the Premier could find no one
of his party with a tithe of his ability as a man of ready
business habits to replace him in the louse of Commons.
Advertiser.

g TT lii:

Ic~ >
~i:.,v
~_,

SPIRIT of tie -PUBLIC JOU.NALS.
PROM THE EVENING PAPEIW.OP SA,ZI;RDAT.
STANDARD.-L-I\re should be-quite contented to let
the fate of the short time questibn rest uprin the conclu-
sion formed by any rational mail-from the arguments in
last night's debate. 1176 .are,f howe'vei,' warned that we
must not trust to the exercise of mortal understanding
on the subject, which is placed on a level with
those divine mysteries into which fools, and none
but " fools rush in where angels fear to tread."
But we deny that the matter is so sacredly mysterious.
We see no divine credentials in the possession of Messrs.
Cobden, Bright, and the other angels of the. mill;
.who
with such pious humility guard the alleged sanctuary,
and therefore we fall back upon the plain practical con-
clusions of common sense. Every one admits the exces-
sive labour of the factories, which Lord Ashley's pro-
position would abridge, to be a very E e rious evil ; but
this evil, say the opponents of abridgment, -must
be endured, for two reasons—first, the profit of capital is
already so small that anything which might diminish it
must bring on ruin, and an abridgment of the hours of
labour would diminish it. But does not this argument
prove too much ? The profit of capital, as of every-
thing else of the kind, is in the inverse ratio of its
amount—as capital increases in the general amount,
its profit must, according to a law universal
and immutable as the • nature of man, :dimi-

nish ; but capital has increased, and is increasing,
and will continue to increase, while the country shalt
prosper. What then is to be done—are the people to be
made to work harder and harder to make good.the,
duction in the profits of capital ? According. t2,the .
principle involved in the argument, from the
diminished profit of capital, as the country advances
in wealth, the people must descend lower ;
and lower still in misery. We believe that the
process has been to some extent in operation alrealy ;
but though we have all seen the phenomenon with pain,
few have explained the reason of it, and until last night
no one, we believe, defended it as a proper operation of
the system of society. It will, however, be asked on thu
other side, what is to become of capital, it' its ;profits
are gradually to diminish until they distypear.
We reply, that there is no danger of that ; when
capital shall fail to be profitable in one pursuit,
it will find employment in another ; and, in
the meantime, it is not the best way to nurse the, profits
of capital to allow those profits to be divided among an
unnecessarily great number of persons, inclUding, per-
haps, an addition of one hundred or fifty per cent.
persons, who, having no capital, claim a full
share of those profits, upon the pretence of
having it—the effect of that gambling in feanufac-
tures, which unlimited hours of labour go to perpetuate.
The second and only remaining argument for con-
tinuing the long hours of labour is, that the British
manufacturers will be undersold by people in Switzer-
land or Massachusets working without limitation. But
is not this again an argument that proves too much ?
Does it not set up the lives and happiness of our
people to a Dutch auctioneer, inviting all the
world to bid against them, and promising that
the English labourer shall never be less miser-
able than the most miserable that industrious
research can find in any part of the world? It might
however, occur to those who cite the examples of Swit-
zerland and Massachusets, to inquire whether the long
hours of labour in England may not be really the cause
of long hours of labour in those places—prima facie
it would seem to be so, for the greater
always governs the less in such matters, and, by
consequence, whether, in limiting the hours of
labour at home, we may not be conferring benefits
upon others? To suppose that by labourers working
the whole twenty-four hours, and making labourers.
work without wages, we could extinguish foreign mania.
factures, or materially retard their progress, is an idle
dream. When there is surplus capital and surplus pepu-
lation the people must work at manufactures—though
for the very lowest rate of subsistence. By a fierce
competition you may make them work harder, and make
them work upon worse terms, but you cannot make
them work less. The amount of capital and of hands
wanting employment is the measure of production in,
every country, not price. This the mill-owners un-
derstand perfectly, as regards themselves, but they
forget that the rule is the same in other countries.
The debate was adjourned. The masterly speech
of Lord Ashley had produced an effect that at
one time led to a hope that the amend-
ment proposed by him would be summarily adopted;
out though his Lordship was very ably supported by •
Mr. Bernal, Lord Howick, Mr. C. Buller, and above all
Mr. Ferrand, or perhaps we should rather say, because
the argument was really all on Lord Ashley's side—it
was resolved to have another night of debate—when we
suppose some reasons will be offered against Lord Asir..
ley's proposition, quantum valeat.
GLOBE.—The Duke of Richmond's speech ort the
proposed abolition of the duties on wool, was mace last
night. It was altogether a very jejune affair—subdued
in tone and feeble in argument. Contrasted with the
arrogance with which, last session, his Grace
taunted Sir Robert Peel with his absolute dependence
on the agriculturists for life, and breath, and:,
all things essential to his official position, we,
have seldom met with anything more spiritless. The,
Yorkshire manufacturers may dismiss their fears. The
opponents of the relief which Sir Robert Peel has deter-
mined to concede to that branch of trade, by removing;
' the duty on the importation of the raw material of which.
in part, their staple is formed, will evidently succumb, ants
become silent. There will be no resistance worthy of the
name in either House of Parliament. Such a speech as that
of the Duke of Richmond is made up of the expiring notes
of a silly, but still selfish class, Ns ho imagine that the
rest of the community were created for no earthly ob-
ject but to contribute to their aggrandisement ; and
that governments and legislatures are bound to ex-
ercise their functions in subserviency to that design.,
" Their Lordships," said his Grace, " would not be:
surprised at his anxiety that information should b
afforded on this subject, when it was considered that
the abolition of the duty on the importation of foreign
wool was a question which was likely to be brought
very soon under their Lordships' consideration." From
such an authority as the Duke of Richmond is sup-
posed to be on all matters pertaining to agriculture, its
produce and its interests, something might have been
adduced in the character of statistical information, on
which arguments against the proposed removal of the
duty might be based by himself, or be referred to by
others. Nothing of the kind was, however, furnish',
His Grace, indeed, did express his determined loos-
tility to free trade, in the gross, as a masc./ for
regarding a recognition of the principle, 'and an
application of it to the article of wool, wiesa anxiety
and alarm. As people in a fright are not best capable
of reasoning, his Grace might intend this as an
apology for abstaining from any such common-place
accompaniments in his speech. " lie disliked the
measure—he thought it a bad one ; for he considered it
another step towards free trade." Ve will not say that
coronets and common-sense are incompatible ; because
we do not think it impossible for the latter to penetrate
through the former to the pericraniums of their pos-
sessors. But we will say—and we refer to the Duke.
of Richmond's speech of last night as an evidence—that
exalted rank and less exalted intellects are sometimes
associated :—" He was not a free trader, and he trusted
never would become one ; but those who talked of free
trade should do their utmost to place the peopl of Eng-
land in the same situation as that in which they placed
those abroad. If they permitted the foreigner to bring.
in his wool into this country free of duty, he (U'e,
Duke of Richmond) wished to be allowed to do the,
same abroad. He was anxious to learn whether any
such arrangement had been made with foreign Powers."
This is the old cuckoo-note of the ProtectionisSs,
which has been answered again and again. But through
confuted, it has not been silenced. We have no v,:ish to
under-rate the importance of the obstructions whioh
the illiberal jealousy of foreign States may 'nave opposed
to freedom of commercial intercourse between this
country and their own. But our manufacturers.
have suffered infinitely more 2'om the officious.
and improper interference of our own Governments
by the imposition of restrictive duties on the impor-
tation of the raw material, and especially on the
importation of corn of foreign production. In re,fp-
lating our commercial intercourse with foreign comatries,
lost sight of the fact, that
without an equal buying ; and
ourtthime Cher©
e rbucylaenrsb
be
seemn no selling
setlol
nhga have
preventing the importation oichecnnheeedaepx:hf,Egigc:..
commodities, theysp
theer effectuallyeihsio,ea.invin:etel;Giesoliow uvoenti.arhditedhreianndvtpceeinrphelva
see,
on
fts prevented tmhea
policy—the ietttayshi nn
them. The
.eoaTiPsitirdehi admitnbo principle
Pinw interests
e stfactiouslyhtseotorfeuwskisheting which, w
hw
opposition;
n their
h
of the Minister they combined to create,
predecessorsneoooffi confederated
eor power.atlte edi r n
sorrow,
classNovrt ireoc
we
fi n d
)7,ut whom they
oy.
proposedtheytelani
coPntelyYth
ei
t e:t h obtainedileaat..) dd j othey

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.
TIMES.— ert Y, FRIDAY EVENING.
The premium on old at Paris is 12 er
mille, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10id.
per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25.
45i ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short:
being 25 57i, it follows that gold is 0.48 per cent
dearer in London than in Paris.
By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 435
per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/.178.104d-
per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 10;
and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short
being 13.9 k, it follows that gold is 0.12 per cent. dearer.
in Hamburgh than in London.
The course of exchange at New York on London. is
104 per cent., and the par of exchange between ring-
land and America being 109 23.40 per cent., it follows
that the exchange is 1.08 per cent. against England.
Batu6t thode quoted
ay,ssihte,xeh
the above difference. New
mustY York bek
deductedeing fo r f
rb 11,1 sp.
thea nign et
ear atte
s t

his Royal
,a W
l
GOVERNESSES' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION , ONOII,
Friday the annual meeting ofthe F.ubscnbers to this Insti.tu •
Rooms;
,tiosinilNe;yasinhtehlde
cahtairth.e Hanover-square
thatßoom
ness the Duke of Cambri6.lge would have presided, but he
did not attend. The Ran of Manvers and several other per•
sons of distinction were on the platform. After some remarks
from the Chairman, congratulatory of the state of the Insti-
tion, the secretary, the Rev. Dr. Laing, read the report.,
which, after some unimportant details, stated that the entire'
receipts had been 2,4731. 17s. 4d., and that, deducting the
expenditure, a balance of 673/. 3s. 11d. remained with the
treasurer. This statement included several particular funds
coming within the rules. It further appeared that, from the
17th of March, 1843, to the 25th of March, 1844, the sum
of 2,351/. 9s. Od, had been received from lathes' governesses,
who wished to purchase annuities for themselves, agreeably,.
to the regulations, &c. The report having been receiv,,ir
and adopted, several resolutions were proposed and carried.
Amongst the subscribers are several members of the Royal
Family, and of the nobility and gentry. The usual vote
of thanks being passed to the Chairman, the proceed/ . age
terminated.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, May 11.
(Sittings at Nisi Prius.)
The Court was occupied during the morning in trying an
lacti.,n for an alleged illegal distress, but the case, " Hollings-
Vorth v. Pursett," presented no feature of interest except to
%he parties concerned.