The Sun.
London, England, 1850-12-16 00:00:00

PORTUGAL.

Accounts have been received from Lisbon to the
9th. The new Cardinal was enthroned on the sth
with much pomp. A grand banquet was given on the
occasion, to which the British Ambassador and the
officers of the squadron were invited, but they declined
the invitation.

GERMANY.
The following is the memoir addressed by Prussia
to the Princes of the League on the subject of the
Olmutz Convention:—

'6 MBUOIR.

" Berlin, Dee. 3.
" The thought which formed the bases of the Ohnuta
punctuation ' on the part of Prussia is,.that Prussia's
political position demanded the acknowledgment that
no German question can be decided without her par-
ticipation ; and that, consequently, neither the Electoral
Hessian:or Holstein questions could be finally determined
ex parte (einseitesi) by the Governments asseruble,l at
Frankfort in the name of the Confederation. Pruv•
sia's military position demands that no foreign army
shall be established either between two portions of the
monarchy, or at the back of the same, without a cor-
responding deployment of her own military forces in
these very quarters. If both, or either of the two, re-
fused, war must ensue. The sacrifices for this war would
be justified by the country, and the war itself justified by
Europe.
ala tw—le
" On the other hand, were both secured—were the
kk
wthnerentguaranteed'not only in principle, buttof e the withdrawal of the Prussian troops not
demanded—then no concession is made on the tempo-
rary occupation of Hesse by foreign troops, culled in by
the Sovereign, and no danger which might justify war in
the eyes of the country and of Europe.
" These Eadmisaions] have been allowed by the Olmuti
punctuations.'
"The Ist section contains the recognition of the prin-
ciple. In this paragraph the said principle receives prac-
tical application by the establishment of a joint commis-
sion, in which Prussia and her allies, on the one side,
and the Government assembled at Frankfort on the other,
stood side by side in co-legal parity.
'`By the 3d section, the passage of the march routes
is st cured through explicit guarantees on the part of
Austria and her allies, and under the provision that the
march routes themselves shall be held henceforth by
Prussia, so long as the security of her military interests
demand it. To that must be added the joint occupation
of the capital, with the assent of the Sovereign, without
which such a measure would be a direct violation of his
sovereign rights.
"On the other hand, Prussia concedes that the forces
called in by the Sovereign shall, for the time being, and
without prejudice to future decisions, reinstate his au-
thority, which—it can with difficulty be denied on any
side—is de facto destroyed (vernichtet). That [authority]
will be, in fact, restored, whilst the legal decision
[thereon] will be reset ved.
"This legal decision has hitherto been claimed by the
so-called Diet in Frankfort, and all participation on the
part of Prussia refused, unless under federal forms.
" The same may be said of the Holstein question, in
which the Diet desired to negotiate alone with Denmark,
and to decide on its propositions in the name of the
Diet of Frankfort.

" Prussia, however, demanded that in both cases de-
cisions should be elaborated by a commission, appointed
on the one side by Frankfort Governments, and on the
other by Prussia and her allies, and legalised by the as-
sent cif all German Governments. Prussia already pro-
poed this mode in regard to Hesse in September, and
M regard to the duchies repeatedly; and lastly and for-
mally, upon the 17th of October. Thi3 demand was
forineriy rejected. It is now admitted by the 2d section
of the Olinui4 'punctuation.".l2hus, that is now ob-
tained which was denied in September aad October.
In opposition to this admission aris.s the question
of, whether war should ensue on account of the tem-
porary advance of the troops called in by the Elector?
A war, the consequences of which would be
incalculahle—a war carried on by Germans against
Germans—a war which certainly, under favourable
circumstances, would place Prussia at the head of
Germany, hut which in all cases would weaken and
split up Germany, which mutt be carried' on upon the
eoiliolGermacy—awar that would annihilate all hops.
of iepeaceful solution to the German constitutional ques-
tion, whereas now this peaceful solution is kept in view.
The King's Government, after receiving every guarantee
for its political and military position, could not assumo

the respi.usibility of such a war. It thinks, on the con-
trary, to have secured by peace ad that the honour and
power of Prussia can require.
" The state of affairs is now as follows:
" 1. Generally speaking, the &lima of the Diet to au
&untie settlement of German questions is abandoned,
nod attributed to German Governments in common.
Preparations for the same are made over to a commis-
sion equally furnished with full pavers by both parties.
In this commission Prussia and her allies will take part
as a co-legally acknowledged whole, opposed to the whole
of the remaining Governmrnts which ha►e hitherto laid
claim to exclusive right of decision. This decision will
not be taken either by one side or the other, but by all
collectively. Prussia has not demanded more, and more
she had no right to demand.
" Should the commission, as there is every reason to
presume, be composed of men as eminent and skilful as
prudent, then it will offer fortunate means for the pre-
servation of all rights. If Prussia's allies remain faith-

ful to her, then their co-operation in carrying out all
important questions will be secured. The union of
Prussia with them is not abandoned by Prussia. Its
abandonment is not demanded by Austria. On the con-
trary, its existence for general negotiation is practically
recognised by tha Omuta punctuation.'
•2. The assistance of the troops called into Electoral
Hesse by the Elector will not be impeded in the first
place in carrying out the same; but the final and 1, gal
settlement of the whole affair will no longer rest in the
hands of the Diet, but will be referred to a commission
to be appointed, representing all German Governments
as the sole legal and supreme authority of the Con-
federation.

" 3. In Holstein, it will no longer be a commissary
of the Diet who will lay down the law for the land, but,
in the first place, Prussian and Austrian commissaries
will summons the Stadtbolderate to observe conditions
which are calculated to preserve the Federal territory
from all assault, and which are based on the fundamental
laws of the Confederation, and upon the treaty of the 2d
of July.
" It cannot be justified by the rights of nations that,
whilst the Confederation has concluded peace with Den-
mark, an authority (the Stadtholderate) appointed by
the Confederation, should carry on war outside the Fe-
deral territory. The demands made upon the Stadthol-
derate are based upon this principle. The reduction of
the army is in the interest of the land, and is, as often-
times formally declared by the Stadtbolderate, of little
importance, provided Denmark also reduced (her army),
of which there is every prospect.
" Should the Studtholderhte reject these moderate de-
mands, instead of a one-sided execution on the part of
Austria or the Diet, conjoint measures only can be
adopted by Austria and Prussia, relative to which the
commission named in section 2 will have to determine.
There can arise no danger in this, either to Prussia or
to Austria.f"
'• The further settlement ofthe question will likewise no
longer be undertaken er parte by the Frankfort Govern-
ment but by all German Governments. Prussia and Aus-
tria will defend conjointly the rights of the Confederation,
as well as those of Holstein. The commission to be ap-
pointed will, as a committee of the whole of the German
Governments, take all preparations and negotiations
simultaneously in hand.
" The Duchies, as well as foreign powers, may rest
assured that this conjoint proceeding of Austria and
Prussia will not infringe any just right whatsoever.
Prussia, whilst defending the causes of the Duehies, will
no longer stand alone in regard to foreign states (den
anslande). A medium has been found, whereby the long
denuded action of the whole Confederation can be re-
stored without Prussia abandoning anything of its stand-
ing point.
" This is, generally speaking, and as regards the two
burning practical questions, the basis on which rests the
Olmutz punctuation.' Upon this basis the Prussian

Government thought it might maintain peace, and it
opines that it has herein discovered the point of con-
nexity, whereby, through the honourable and well-in-
tentioned efforts on both sides, this peace can be ensured
and a salutary development of German relations ren-
dered possible. The free conferences are destined for
the latter object. These will take place forthwith, and,
in fact, according to the desire of Prussia, at Dresden.
" Desires have been exprshsed on divers sides that,
prior to the assembling of the same, the bases should
bo established on which the revision of the Germanic
Confederation is to rest. It is regarded by many that
the non-determination of this in the Olmuts punctua-
tion' is an omission.

" Mature consideration of circumstances will show that
this reproach is unfounded. _ _ _

"The meeting at Olmuta, limited by the urgency of
the moment, in a few hours could not, from the very
nature of the case, have for its object the definition of
the basis of a constitution, for the projection of which
Germany has two years vainly laboured. It could only
be directed to the handling of the burning questions,
menacing immediate conflict, and to the decision of
whether there should be war or peace."
The Frankfurter Gazette states that the Minister
of War of Hesse has just recalled to service the
greatest part of the soldiers who had been sent away
on leave.

The Cologne Gazette contains a letter from Cassel
of the 11th, which says :—" To•day the federal troops
which have passed the line of occupation on every
point, are to occupy Rotenburg, and the Prince of
Toua and Taxis is to fix his head-quarters there."
On the afternoon of the sth, the 'Hotel du Rol de
Prusse, at Carlsbad, was surrounded by a detachment
of hussars, and immediately• afterwards a commissary
of police entered the house- and arrested a young
Frenchman named BOURLENOT, or, according to one
account, LABOLAGE, who had arrived from Vienna in
the morning of that day. He was immediately placed
in a post-chaise, and under the escort of the commis-
sary set off for Vienna. This arrest caused some sensa-
tion in Carlsbad.

The Cologne Gazelle states from Berlin, of the
11th, that M. DE RAUMEE has accepted the place of
Minister of Worship. General DE GROBOW was the
day before received in private audience by the KING
and PRINCE of Prussia. He ie to be charged with a
secret mission for the Court of St. Petersburgh.
A letter from Vecha of the 10th, in the German
Journal of Frankfort, says :
" The peatesl part of the Prussian troops have no w
evacuated the line of occupation and the frontiers. Ac-
cording to the new orders, they will not he replaced, or
if they are, by only a small body of men."
A• letter from Hanau of the 11th states that the
day before a revolt took place amongst the prisoners
in the gaol, in consequence of their trials having been
postponed to another sersion, owing to political
events. They did much damage, and it was found
necessary to call in some of the troops to restore
order. The head of the revolt has been placed in soli-
tary confinement.

DECEMBER 16, 1850.