The Sun.
London, England, 1868-09-14 00:00:00

BRAZILIAN MODERA7ION,

Those who have read the Secret Treaty of Al-
liance, concluded on the Ist May, 1865, by the
Plenipotentiaries of Brazil, the Argentine Republic,
and Uruguay are aware that the fall of Huinaita,
if it be,not the fall of,Paraguay, does not terminate
the war, in as far as all the objects set forth except
that one are as yet unattained. The best historical
parallel to this treaty is the shameful conspiracy
by which Poland was partitioned. It professes to
preserve intact the Republic of Paraguay ; its
territorial integrity being guaranteed collectively
by the contracting parties for the term of five
years. The value of this Article may be gathered
from the others, together with- ' what history
teaches of the fate of countries which fall beneath
the arms of a conqueror. These parties, after an-
nouncing their object to be the destruction of the Go-
vernment, begin by a compact that the exemptions,
privileges, or concessions obtained from Paraguay
shall be common to all of them—the free naviga-
tion of the rivers Parana and Paraguay, so far as
Paraguay is concerned, being opened to the war
and merchant vessels of the Allies—the right of
concerting the most suitable measures to guarantee
peace with Paraguay, the Allies reserve till after its
overthrow. The war expenses, indemnification for the
injuries done to public and private property, to the
persons of citizens previous to the Declaration of
War, as well as after, in the violation of the laws of
civilised war, are to be paid by Paraguay. That there
might not be an after fight between the Allies over
the conquered territory, a special treaty is then
made defining the boundaries. Now, these boun-
daries, except towards Brazil, are such as no Go-
vernment can wipe out or ignore, consisting of the
two stupendous rivers Paragu ty and Parana ; there-
fore Brazil only was able to encroach upon the Re-
public, which we believe she does with no niggard
hand. After guaranteeing to each other the fulfil-
ment of the agreements, and rendering their future
combination imperative, should Paraguay eventually
attempt to avoid the terms on which peace only would
be made, a proctocol is added, cmsisting of three
clauses; the first being the demolition of the
fortress'-of Humaita and-the prohibition of any
future erection of such forts ; the second provides
that neither arms nor munitions of war be left in
Paraguay ;
and the third declares an equal distri-
bution of the plunder taken. Notwithstanding
the proposed annihilation of the Republic, an
article is introduced providing for the admission of
a Paraguayan legion into the Allied army, as the
High Commissioners consider that the straits to
which the people will be driven by the invasion will
oblige some to turn traitors. We are led to give
an outline of this Treaty, as the Standard last
Wednesday asserted, in one of the most unfair
articles even that paper has ever published, that
"it was partly to maintain the right, guaranteed
by treaty, of free passage up and down the
great streams of the Paraguay and the Parana,
partly to avenge for the past, and repress for
the future, the piratical incursions of the troops
of LOPEZ into the Brazilian province of Matto
Grosso and the Argentina States of Eatrerios
and Corrientes, that Brazil and the Argentine
Republic entered into a league nearly three years
ago with the common purpose of bringing Paraguay
to reason." The only excuse we can make for the
writer is that he was grossly ignorant of his sub-
ject. Both the Paraguay and the Parana have
their origin in Brazil, and both these rivers are
among those closed in that empire against the com-
merce of the world. A nation that only a year and a
half after this secret treaty had been concluded, and
eight months after, to its great disgust, it had become
public, opened the main stream of the Amazon and
the mouths of the two rivers, Tocantiug and San
Francisco—could scarcely be said to-be fighting for
the freedom of La Plata and its branches, every
one of which that flowed through Brazil was a
barred water. The Standard then proce,As to
liken the Brazilian campaign on thie Place to
the British operations in Abyssinia ! What surprises
us is that we find ourselves answering such rubbish,
and it is a striking instance of the stuff which
even a widely circulated paper like the Standard
can publish. In every point the two expeditions
form an antithesis, not a parallel. Brazil borders
on the country that is invaded, which is further
open to attack by the third great water shed of the
world, one branch of which actually flows past the
capital—therefore the Brazilians could either march
their army against Paraguay withoat sending a
man to sea, or conduct the operations through
the navy. Great Britain, on the contrary, was not
only operating in a country in a distant part of the
world, but far in the interior, not to be approached
by any river, and hemmed in by chains of mouu-
tains and deserts. The Brazilians and their Allies
lauded at the confluence of the Parana and the
Paraguay, and never advanced beyond the sound
of the guns of their fleet. To maintain their posi-
tion they fought a series of desperate battles. Every
advance they attempted was checked by disastrous
defeats, and after three years of fighting for the pos-
, session of HuDiaita they got it when every attack had

171.1
been repulsed, by their enemy evacuating thefortresst
while in its ditches 1;y the bodies of thousands
of the Allies who had just met their final signal
defeat. Lord NAPIER, on the other hand, made
one of the most notable marches on reccrd, skil-
fully over,:oming the extraordinary difficulties in'
terposed by nature. In a few hours when on the
scene he captured the Abyssinian fortress, and he
slew the Abyssinian King—his loss two non-cora•
batant mules. Every object contended for in
Abyssinia was at once achieved by the English Gene-
ral, while not one striven for iu Paraguay has been
attained by Brazil, except the fall of Humaita.
Phis is the campaign the Staiid:ird s Aects for a
comparison with that of the Allies against Para-
guay. After these happy and truthful statements
it proceeds to glorify Brazil, and to sing a fXls
over her great triumph, and for this purpose it as-
sociates the wretched Slave E npire an 1 the failure
of her dastardly attack, with the great military
nations whose exploits " have required the highest
qualities of the mind and the highest development
of the social and political attributes of the people.
13razil has won her spurs. She may now take her
place in the knighthoo 1 of nations." If Brazil, con'
tent with having reducl 1 Hutnaita by starva"
tion, ce..ses to prosecute the war, she must con"
less to defeat. There is no evading the Secret
treaty, but one condition of which has yet been
accomplished. The moderation. claimed for the
Allies is the moderation of a bully in the presence
of one he has good cause to fear. The Secret
'Treaty proves what the slave eMpire's moderation
was when she thought the little Republic of Para-
guay was at her mercy—when three months were
to take General MITRE to Ascuncion, and the resist'
twee of LOPEZ was with the Allies the subject of
banter. Now Brazil,on theeve of a revolution, steeped
in debt, disgraced by defeat, may hold very different
language and call it moderation. The Standard
may be assured that such articles will do the cause
of Brazil no good. They only lead to an exposure,
and teach its own readers how unreliable are its
statements. We ee by the American papers that
G.Jneral AN:IA.I'ON, the newly-appointed Minister
to Paraguay, has been ordered to delay his de'
partureiu v iew of the recent news.—Anglo-American
Times.

GENERAL GRANT AT HOME.—The President of
the Galena Bank writes as follows, in a private letter, of
the appearance of the General of the Army and the Fe
i
publican candidate for President among his old friends and
neighbours :—General Grant is here, quietly spending te
fortnight iu his home. I sent you a paper containing °II
account of his reception. The reception was spontaneous
and informal, but genuine and hearty. At the serenade aG
his Louse it was not expected that there would bo any
speaking; but the crowd called some of us out. I WaS
taken entirely by surprise, but could not back out, aSA
I was standing on the porch near the General, 4n`.
had to say a few words. lie is in fine health and spirits'
He walks about town every day iu plain citizen's dress--
the most unpretending man in the place. He spends most
of the forenoon sitting with us in the bank. He is one °I
our stockholders. in private Le is very social, liliesls
joke, and enjoys company. He reads the papers diligently:
keeps himself posted, and Las a pretty good idea of the
political situation. On 6unday tie and his family viztil'e-
to the Methodist Church, about halt a mile, instead of
riding in a carriage, as the most of great men vrOtll,,
have done; and this, too, when his friends have place"
horses and carriages at Lis disposal whenever be
chooses to call for them. But he is a Radical Democrat to
the true sense. If the good people who are distressed by
the stories told by his enemies in regard to his habits coal
only look into that clear, calm, serene, and candid face fot):
a low moments, they would say that its wearer cot"
be a man of bad passions or vicious habits. It is astouis
ingly how such slanders of public men, if persisteetb:a
repeated, will come to be believed by their poll. ''
opponents, tpd by and by even perplex and distress
their friends. The only really bad thing that his ellerted
say of Gen. Grant is—that he drinks. This would be w"-
enough, indeed, if true, but nothing aye could be more false or
malicious. During all the time he lived in Galena, I e,
never heard.of his drinking ardent spirits, and I Ll9.yye
never been able to find any wan, friend or Lou, living
and who knew his habits, who could say that he Was lip
temperate. In fact, there was no more temperate In3aoly
the city. That his habits in this respect are the wile
none who know him and meet him can for a moment doubt'
But I Lave dwelt too long on this, for 1 know you bags
no doubts on this point. ‘Ve are going to have a big "3600
meeting here on Friday next, and expect a crowd to
the general. Ho will take no part iu any political and
ing, but will be at home to sue his friends. —BPrilPe
Republican.
Work has connaeneel ou the fishery at 11013'0il
under the direction of A. R. liellof Greenneld, 02e of
I-
commissioners.

tt
oh e
toe p r O
Hallowelll firstc t o balefrei
re
101:fubuol cottonlivaere7tuw:
:n ,s. oluduoriCC received (if Saturday,o ir u I:34essut.to32o:lof,
pound. of
A contract has been given to B. N. Tarren,-o0
the itoosao Tunnel, to build toe foundaiiuu wails, day
reefly,iull.nlpoeuurt,gsitiSt,tioaitml
82:lain:doe t high, of the nu w cutlery wurj‘lsl.le
awtorkt oodnigt:te canalai ia,tlt uoOnefe:t len g•
_A--
Sixteen kiud.suf fossil hurses have been dise°/
here
T:rs
in North America, and yet there were no horses
when the white men came.
A. list of benefactions, exclusive of State aPPro'
priations to American literary institutions, recently Good
piled, shows that during the last five years they arnoullooo
theological seminaries,
to $15,212,000, distributed as follows: )oolleges, $3,8531
societies, $510,000 ; education, $`
2,220,000 ; schootha
$385,000. This large sum, which does not include
the
many minor local donations, shows the munificence of.,
people, and the high appreciation they have for educauo
inaChillerPf
It is proposed to brush horses by
$1,3,:,9,500 ; acadenaies, $1,850,00013,1
The saving in time and labour when there are a eginber;
horses to be brushed would be very great, as much as
per cent. nt neellf
It is said 'that an eclipse of the • sun wil- vir.
in the forenoon of May 23, 1900. It will be total in will
ginia and North Carolina, but the duration of totalitY,
to
hardly exceed a minute, as the apparent diameter 010A,G
moon will be greater than the sun's by a few
Indeed, at the return of this eclipse of April 26, le._ fie
was total only where the moon had a great altituees;lo
the Island of Cuba), but annular where it was loW•
~,,iti.
(i2'.
eclipse, although not total in the Atlantic citiesveri
more, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, ttc.), Will I)oured,
large, and eleven-twelfths of the sun will be ebe.,corlf.
At Norfolk, Virginia, the eclipse will be
yet more '•
total. secondo,46p,is
raPef
A WOMAN MOVEMENT.—An Americas Noot,
states :—The pedestrian and boating mania hao bd ectill
out among the women at Mount Desert, Maine' attg
WI
races and walking matches are common. A youtlf or
from New York took the first prize at a late aulavoid pas
gatta, and another did her 23 miles in time that W°,_ tAt a
Wston to the blush. In England, it is reported teals 00
ldies'allowed scthoopollaayt
atF rcormice,kati.n
the purpose, and the best crickets are said to be sl/13
variably the best scholars. I Stagy
The Spiritualists were to hold their annual jolty
convention at Danby, Vermont, on September 4 v
have a special dreost iil.
sive. The railroads return them free. feet bigli)
STohmeyersetshire, the pelstio for
A monument (a granite monolith 18 . t
tue iota
has been erected in Connecticut to the memory of
Fitz-Greene Halleck. It will be appropriately '4
0
next month. 000 I
New Bedford, Massachusetts, in propor the count
population, claims to be the wealthiest city in
~ wortl3 °
78 ,000,°"
try. One of its churches represents
property.

JOPP —On the 11th inst r the
Births. t Abe_deo ,
~ at 81, Gallowgs ,
0 wife of Wm. Jopp, Esq., wine merchant, 01$
ctHT9ERLOICY—On the .oth inst. at St. Andre.,.,^
SikuhTx7iDifea
Brompton,
daughter
of Sir Charles Ochterlont,
, West
f OD
stillborn. thhee
wlilftehviinust.. ,B.ast Lqulh.,aool.:r°,ls 401.1

Marriages. 4. a 1160916:
CR°SSTIIWAITE —BALDWIN —On the 10th ins-, _ t
.tiovit_t ft
ham Church,B Maidstone, Robert JosoPh %s, ell°
Esq.,dahreerugl Civil Service, to Charlotte Frau° of ~,te
Hill, Kent. the late Wm, W. T. Baldwin,
the
DAVI DSO ZZ—FERRI On the 12th inst., at St;irtditillo.,
Evangelist, East Dulwich, John Davidson, . , fell
road, Peeltlia,m, to Harriette Jane llenrietta •t 5-•
of Pckham-rye.
Deaths. ie tile
it ,
BLOONMELD —On the 12th inst., at 45, Rutland 4 I,tellt
Dowager,e Lady Bloomfield, widow cif tbe 13L°
_ 're • Lord Bloomfield, G.C.8., aged 92. ,•robli
ill 1' 0-
DonoRIEN— OR the 10th that , at Brighton,- "'elf 17°14
D rrien, Esq., of the Branch. Bank of ElIGl3u '
mouth, aged 66.
P°COCK—On the Gth inst., Mr. Jas. Pocock, ,
bourne.grove, aged 80.
WALKER —On the 13th July last, at Melboul;, ActlipsSts;ela;
Cap:. Joseph WalKer,ll,l.o.S.', formerly of Pali'
Middlesex, aged 73. 13artar, FP
.. 9
WARREN--On the 10th inst., at Gravesene,
cock, wife of 11. Warren, Esq., aged 88:________:
110''
------------- 'JD 4
London : Printed and Published by WiLLltig A,' No 11":4
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tan $01.4 °4lc3'o2oti
Strand, in the Precinct of the 53,709, in the
ALiddlessz.-510ndAY, Scpteinbe 14, 164;8"

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