The Sun.
London, England, 1844-03-19 00:00:00

and greater than the demand, no matter what the
price of bread may be, the rate of labour will fall in
the market. If, on the other hand, the demand be
greater than the supply, let bread be ever so cheap,
the wages of the labourer will rise. We see grain
cheap in America, and the rate of wages high. We
see it dear in Ireland, and the rate of wages low.
How is this ? merely because the supply in the one
country is less than the demand; in the other the
demand is not equal to the supply. There is only
one reason for connection between the price of food
and the rate of wages—namely, that wages must bear
some relative proportion to the amount required to
enable a labourer to exist—to live as a Christian is
out of the question, but to exist is necessary. Expe-
rience proves, and always has proved, that cheap
food and plentiful harvests raise wages in price
and money ; whilst they increase them manifold, by
the additional comforts, and means of obtaining com-
forts, which they give to the labourer.
It is easy of proof that the wages of the farm-
labourer are actually lowered by the corn-laws, and
that the protection afforded to the grower of corn,
operates to depreciate the price of labour, and to
lessen the sum paid, to the man whose time is occu-
pied, in working to raise that very corn. The corn-
laws restrict the demand for manufacturing industry
—they prevent the call for additional labour in
manufactures—they stop the employment which
would be given to a large proportion of our
rural population, in the pursuits of commerce—
they throw back the farm-labourer's family upon
the soil, and compel them either to starve in
indolence, or to compete in the market with their
fellow-labourers on the land. Thus the wages of the
labourer are depressed, the supply of farm-labour
kept up beyond the demand, the possibility of chang-
ing the nature of employment by the poor man pre-
vented, and the farm-labourer compelled to starve
upon the very ground whose fertility gives no return
to him, save that of witnessing the prolific produce of
fields, which he alone is neither to benefit by, nor to
enjoy.

grave considerations, which will always indispose her
to embark in hostilities, of which the wisest of her
sons can foresee no other issue than such as will be
detrimental, if not ruinous, to her interests. Glory
is, no doubt, a very fine thing, but a prosperous
trade is still finer; the one is a mere showy phan-
tom, the other a solid substance—something to eat
and drink, wax fat, and be merry upon ; and the
French have quite shrewdness enough to see this, and
will be slow henceforth to allow their national vanity to
get the better of their discretion. Notwithstanding,
therefore, our Contemporary's sneer, we have great
faith in the public opinion of France—in that opinion
which, despite a thousand difficulties and dangers,
has enabled Louis PHILIPPE to maintain the peace
of Europe, and which still keeps him on a throne
which, but for him, would have had no existence,
superseded, as it would have been—had not the
Bourgeoisie, who are his chief supporters, interfered
—by a stormy Republic, that would inevitably have
brought in its train, to say nothing of a host
of domestic evils, a general war with Europe.
We are no very ardent admirers of the
Crrx-
zEN limc ; we think that, in not a few in-
stances, he has pushed his prerogative far beyond
the just limits assigned it by the Constitution; but
his position was a trying one, and—despot as he is—
it must not be forgotten that he has proved a sterling
benefactor to the best interests of his country, by
preserving her from the horrors of a European
convulsion.

The milliners and dress-makers of London, are al-
most the very last class of society for whom, and on
whose account, legislative interference would appear to
be necessary; and yet we doubt very much whether
any portion of our fellow-creatures demands such in-
terference equally with them.' Labour, almost with-
out cessation, is the rule, net the exception—time is
unnoticed—work to be performed governs the hours
of labour. Little do ladies of fashion think of the
lives that are sacrificed in preparing the trappings
with which they are ornamented, and little does
Royalty know of the misery which each drawing-
room causes to be inflicted. The necessity for some
enactment to regulate the hours of labour seems now
admitted on all hands; and in no instance is it more
loudly called for, than on behalf of the milliners and
dress-makers of London.

Earl FITZWILLIAM, on presenting a petition last
night to the House' of Lords from Glasgow, praying
for a searching Reform in the Irish Protestant
Church, took the opportunity of enunciating some
stern, wholesome truths respecting that same Church,
which as might have been expected, called up the
Duke of WELLINGTON, who filled with a holy horror
at the idei of the Establishment being subjected to
the slightest process of purification, emphatically con-
jured their Lordships to pay no attention to the pes-
tilent doctrines of the Noble Earl, adding—by way,
we presume, of giving increased effect to his exhorta-
tion—that the Protestant Church had existed in Ire-
land for nearly three hundred years, during periods
of conflict, rebellion, and massacre. We must frankly
confess we do not see the force of this ducal logic, and
are wholly at a loss to understand the principle upon
which an acknowledged grievance is to be kept up
that has no other argument in its favour than that of
mere antiquity. If such reasoning is to be allowed
to possess any cogency, it should have prevented the
Noble Duke from striking off the manacles from the
limbs of the Catholics, seeing that their chains
had been worn for ages. The same reason
should have prevented him from granting
relief to the Dissenters, for their wrongs too
were of ancient date ; and should have induced
him also to oppose, tooth and nail, Lord STANLEY'S
project for emancipating the West Indian negros, for
no man can doubt that black slavery is another in-
stitution as old as the hills, and sanctioned by the
wisdom of our ancestors, for Heaven knows how
many generations ! If the venerableness of a griev-
ance is to be urged as a plea in favour of its con-
tinuance, and if this plea is to be admitted, an end is
at once put to all prospect of national improvement ;
we must consent to stand still while the world
about us is in motion, and idly and stupidly to lag
behind, while more active and enlightened nations
are pressing forward to the goal. The Irish Church
being an acknowledged grievance, and of the most
oppressive character—for none but Tory bigots,
and interested parsons, deny this fact—it becomes
the duty of Government to reform it without
delay, the more especially as it has been an incubus
on the energies of Ireland for three hundred years.
Its age, so far from being a sound argument in its
favour, is the soundest of all arguments against it,
and we hope to live to see the day when this shall be
held as valid reasoning, even in the House of Lords.
Trace half the evils that oppress the sister-country
to their source, and they shall be found to
have their origin in the Protestant Establish-
ment—an establishment which is an insult to the
people, and a living record of their humiliation. So
long as this gigantic nuisance lasts, there never can be
any sure guarantee for the tranquillity of Ireland
from one year's end to another; and no sane man can
doubt that it supplies Mr. O'CoNNELL with his most
cogent and successful argument in favour of a repeal
of the union. The Bishop of EXETER was of course
enraptured with the Duke of WELLINGTON'S
strenuous exhortation in behalf of the Irish Church,
and boldly told their Lordships that " among
the many great services which it had been the lot of
that illustrious man to render to his country, he be-
lieved from his heart that he had never conferred on
it a greater service than by his declaration that even-
ing on the subject of the Church of Ireland." The
Rev. Prelate remarked in addition, that Parliament
had no right to " despoil"—as he whimsically phrased
it—the Establishment in question ; but this is not the
fact, for Parliament has as much right to deal with
its temporalities, by way of improving its efficiency,
as Ministers had to deprive the Bishop, despite his.
ghostly protests and maledictions, of the rich rectory
of Stanhope.

The intelligence from Spain is of a most distressing
character. The murder of BONET and twenty-three
of his companions (for they had not even the semblance
of a trial) is unhappily confirmed. It appears that
the Commandant of the Castle of Alicant, a place of
great strength, had been bribed to betray BONET,
and deliver into the hands of this public executioner the
unfortunate man who at the commencement of the
insurrection had spared his life. His name is LA-
SALLA, and if there is a particle of honour or justice
left in Spain, will be held in detestation even by
his savage countrymen. The sum paid for this
cruel act of treachery is said to be 75,C00 dollars.
BONET having discovered the plot against his life
made his escape with many officers, but 'were
pursued and captured, some of them by the
peasantry. The following is the account of the
transaction transmitted by RONCALI to the Captain-
General on the Bth instant,—" Various parties of the
Lusitania regiment of cavalry, sent out by different
roads under the direction if Colonel CONTRERAS, and
the good spirit of the people, gave the result that I ex-
pected. He was taken, and brought to this place in
the course of yesterday, with those who followed him.
His declaration having been taken, his person identi-
fied, as well as those who took an active part in the
rebellion, as comprised ,in the accompanying state-
ment, the military men have been degraded, and all
of them put to death by shooting in the back, to add
to the ignominy of the punishment, this morning, in
front of the troops, to whom the general order which
I send herewith was read." Among the unhappy
victims, besides BONET, are several Captains and Lieu-
tenants of the National Guards and three or four
soldiers, twenty-four in all. RONCALI on the same
day published the following address to the army :
" Soldiers ! Terrible is the act which you have
just witnessed. May the ALMIGHTY permit it may
be the last in our unfortunate country. May the
ambitious contain themselves, and the deluded unde-
ceive themselves. Alas! for those who are not con-
vinced that the hour of revolution has passed! You
have closed it for Spain with the keys of this place,
conquered by your loyalty, your constancy, and your
discipline. Go on always as you have till now, and you
save the throne of your QUEEN." He thus impiously
prays that this bloody tragedy may be the last, while he
marches from Alicant to Carthagena, to repeat a si-
milar act of cold-blooded cruelty, and what adds to
the atrocity of NARVAEZ and his coadjutor BRAVO,
the young QUEEN is instructed to thank RONCALI
for his operations and executions. The words put
into her mouth are, "the blindness and immorality of
the Revolutionists have rendered the application of
the whole rigour of the laws indispensable."

On the receipt of the intelligence the Three per
Cents. rose per cent., and closed on the 11th at 30}
cash, and 31 at 60 days. The Fives were quoted at
221 at 60 dass.

The disputes between the clergy of France and
the University, or rather the Government, seem to
increase in violence, and probably' will end in com-
plete rupture between Church and State. It will be
recollected that an Abbe, of the name of COMBALOT,
was convicted, some days ago, of a libel on certain
public schools, and condemned to fine and imprison-
ment. This has given great offence to many of the
Bishops, and one of them, the Bishop of CHALONS, has
had the effrontery to praiie the conduct of the convicted
priest, and thereby impugn the law and the jury by
which he was tried. "The Bishop and clergy of Chalons,"
he says, "eagerly add their congratulationstothose of
the whole Church and all good men, which the Abbe
COMBALOT has received. It was worthy of him to set
so bright an example, and assume so openly the de-
fence of our Catholic truths against the University,
which is their declared enemy. We have not left the
Minister unaware of our opinion upon this important
question. But the principal honour of it belongs to
the Abbe COMBALOT. We, therefore, take the deepest
interest in all that concerns him, and would deem
ourselves happy if on any occasion we could prove it
to him. Let him rest assured that nothing can be
added to our profound esteem and to all the senti-
ments of which we hereby offer him the expression."
The subjoined remarks in the Journal des Debats
show that the affair has excited much indignation in
the Cabinet :

" It appears that insolent contempt of law and justice is
hereafter to be reckoned amongst the number of Christian
virtues. The Bishop of Chalons, who was condemned by the
Council of State, has written a letter of congratulation to
the Abbe Combalot, lately condemned by the jury, and this
letter appears in print in a journal which very recently pub-
lished seven articles in favour of La Ligne et les ligneurs.
We do not speak of another letter, from the Catholics of
Tours, who assume the air of persons rejoicing that the Church
is again to be persecuted. It well becomes those persons,
after having procured from the Government of the Restora-

tion the sanguinary law against sacrilege, to call by the name
of persecution the sentence pronounced by a court of justice
for the publication of a pamphlet filled with insult and
calumny. But the letter of the Bishop of Chalons exceeds
all bounds. That a priest and a high dignitary of the
Church should take pride in praising in extravagant terms
of exaggeration what a court of justice has condemned and
punished, amounts to an overthrow of every social law, and
a manifest usurpation of the sovereign power."

The Presse repeats its assertion that the Emperor
NICHOLAS has announced his intention of visiting the
Queen of ENGLAND in May or June next. On Sun-
day the Three per Cents. were quoted at 83f. 15c.

Her Majesty and Prince Albert, accompanied by the
Royal Family, and attended by the Royal suite, are
expected to arrive at Buckingham Palace about five
o'clock this afternoon, from Claremont. The Royal
party will, it is expected, leave Claremont directly after
lunch.

SUDDEN DEATIL—This morning an instance of
the awful uncertainty of human life took place at the office
of the Morning Advertiser journal, Fleet-street. It appears
that Mr. Blake, who has been the secretary at that office for
a number of years past, and resided upon the premises, re-
tired to rest last evening at about eleven o'clock, in his usual
health and spirits. This morning, however, not making his
appearance at the breakfast table at his accustomed time, the
servant was sent to call him ; but after knocking several
times at the door and receiving no answer, it was at length
found necessary to burst it open, when Mr. Blake was found
dead in his bed. Mr. Wray, surgeon, of Salisbury-square,
was immediately called in, but that gentleman pronounced
life to have been extinct some hours, apoplexy having, no
doubt, been the cause of death. The deceased, who was
about fifty years of age, was a bachelor, and was deservedly
esteemei by all who knew him.
• At Enniskillen Petty Sessions last week, two
attorneys who practise in the Court, so far forgot the statut-
able title of " gentlemen" as to commence boxing in open
Court. The magistrates visited them with a severe repri-
mand,
andaall the world b
and bound themoevsidere.to keep the peace towards each
other,
The Duke of Devonshire is suffering from an at-
taclictinittienz+ . _ .

THE 817-N; LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 19, 1844.

HONE Y AND COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The Cotton Market wore a gloomy appearance again yes-
terday. There was an abundant supply, and prices were id.
per lb. lower than before the arrival of the Hibernia. Sales,
2,000 bales, viz. :-100 Egyptian, at 7id. to 71d. ; 60 Per-
nambuco, at 64d. to ad. ; 100 Surat, at ad. to itid. ; 20 La
Guayra, at ad. ; the rest American, at 4Ad. to 6il. The
transactions in Shares were not numerous, but the market,
on the whole, had a steady appearance. Birmingham and
Gloucester, 85 ; Chester and Holyhead, 61; Eastern Coun-
ties, Registered, 13/.88.9d. ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 6:,11;
Grand Junction, 234 ; Birmingham, 236 Brighton, 44i;
South Western, 821; Paris and Lyons, 21. 15s. 6d. ; South
Eastern, 351.
'We perceive that the progress of railway projects for Ire-
land is more rapid by far than it has been for some time back,
a proof that the prosperity of that country is considered as
likely to advance, and that a more liberal political policy will
be forced on the Government. From Manchester Messrs.
Railton and Son write in reference to this subject :
" On Saturday last we completed and sent off to the Com-
pany's Secretary at Dublin, the subscription list for the por-
tion of shares set apart for this place, towards the capital for
constructing the Great Southern and Western Railway in
Ireland, from Dublin to Cashel, and its contemplated exten4
aims and branches—and had they all been embraced in the
immediate proceeding of the work it would have been under-
taken with equal avidity as those apportioned to
London, Liverpool, and Manchester, as it now stands,
particularly as respects the extension to Cork. The
completion of the Dublin and Drogheda line within the
original time and estimate, and its firmness in general cha-
racter, for public utility and private advantage, gives tolrish
labour and English capital good earnest for rapid improve-
ment to every interest concerned in railway undertakings in
Ireland, and particularly at the present period, when Irish
industry stands so attractingly before the inactive and grow-
ing capital of this country for profitable motion on the very
spot where the advantages are to arise.
" It will be observed that there has been an improvement
in many lines during the past week, particularly in Grand
Junction and North Union, owing to an expectation of an
issue of new shares, to carry forward the line to Carlisle.
There is a good demand for Manchester and Birminghain
shares, at advancing prices ; and on the whole the character
of the market is generally good."
The Funds are very firm to-day, and this notwithstanding
a comparatively limited business is doing. The Commis-
sioners have purchased 30,000/. Consols at 981, and the
lowest price in general transfers has been 981. The New
Three-and-a-Half per Cents. are 1021 to 1, being rather
higher. Exchequer Bills are rather flat at 675, to 695. ; and
India Bonds at 87s. to 88s. premium. Bank stock for Ac-
count has touched 199 and 200, and India Stock 288.
The Foreign Bonds continue rather flat. Spanish Actives
at 25 to 241, and the Three Per Cents at 351 to 1. The
Mexican Five Per Cents have realised 351 to 36 ; the De-
ferred 14i to 1 ; Colombian, 144 to i; Peruvian,
30k, and Chilian, 105. • Portuguese Converted have been
steady at 47, and Russian firm at 117. Dutch Two-and-a-
Half per Cents. are rather quiet, but keep at the high price
of 571.
There is not quite so much doing in the Railway Shares,
but they support full prices.

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
3 per Cent. Consols. Annuities 9BX3;
New 3% per Cent. Annuities 101%%
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan. 1860
Ditto 30 Years, Expire sth Jan. le6o. ...
India Bonds,l,ooo
Ditto under 1,000 B7 ER
Bank Stock for Account
Consols for Account
India Stock
Exchequer Bills, 13 d. 154 d.
1,0001.
5001.
Ditto Small
FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Chilian Bonds,6 per Cent 105...

Columbian Brinds.
Mexican Bonds, 1837, 5 per Cent. ... .........
Ditto for the Account 36
Ditto Deferred Stock 141A%
Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cents. —
Ditto for the Account 3og
Portuguese Bonds, 5 per Cent.
Ditto Converted .. 47
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent ll7
Spanish Bonds, Five per Cent 1810 —
Ditto for the Account
Ditto Passive Bonds.
Ditto Three per Cent.
Ditto for the Account.
Venezuela Bonds, 2 per Cent 404 y 4
Dutch 2)4 rer Cents 57%
Dutch 5 per Cents. 101704%
PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE.
RAIAWARS. PAID. PER SHARE
Birmingham and Derby lOO ... ..... 58% to
Birmingham and Gloucester lOO ........ 86
Bristol and Exeter 7O 7l to
Bristol and Gloucester
Chester and Holyhead
Eastern Counties
Ditto New Registered 8/. 6s. Pd.
Groat Western
Ditto h Shares
Ditto Fifths l2
Lancaster and Carlisle 5
London and Brighton 5O 44%% to
London and Blackw3ll
London and Birmingham. Stock 238 to
London and Guildford Junction 5
London and South Western ...... 41%
Ditto Eighths.... .............. ...... %
London and Croydon (Trunk)... 13)4
Manchester and Leeds
Ditto 14 Shares
Dittor4 Shares
Newcastle and Darlington Junct. 18
North Midland
Paris and Orleans ....... ......... ..... ft/
Paris and Rouen
South Eastern and Dover ..... .... 50
York and North Midland
Ditto Scarboro' Branch 2% 20% ...... to -
JOINT STOCK BANKS.
London and Westminster .... ..... 20

MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, ILtacii 18.—The market
is quite firm, and a fair business has been done to-day. The
sales are in—Edinburgh and Glasgow, 64 to 63.1 ; Paris and
Lyons, 2 13-16 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 46A to 46i ;
South Western, Eighths, 4i to 9-16 ; Huddersfield Canal, 14i.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.—( T HIS DAY.)
; LONDON, MARCH 19.—Wind this day at noon, moderate
; breeze from N.E. and cloudy.
RAMSGATE, MARCH 18.—SId. Toronto, Cape of Good Hope.
DEAL, MARCH 18.—Wind E.N.E. to N.E., fresh breeze.—
: Sid. Governor M'Donald, Gambia; Great Britain, Montreal;
Syren, Newfoundland.
OFF DOVER, MARCH 18.—Zodiacus, Halen, St. Thomas's
for Altona.
PORTSMOUTH, MARCH 18.—Wind N.E., fresh breeze.—
Sid. Sumatra, Ceylon •, Minerva, Nassau.
OFF THE WIGHT, MARCH 16.—Mary Ann, Buenos Ayres.
SOUTHAMPTON, MARCH 18.—Sid. Avon steamer, West
Indies.
PLYMOUTH, MARCH 18.—Wind E.N.E.—Arrd. Lady Mary
Wood steamer, Gibraltar, left 9th inst.
BRIXHAM, MARCH 17.—The Nereid,. Wayman, from
Shields to Malta, drove ashore during the gale yesterday at
Elberg, and,has become waterlogged. The schooner Julia, of
Weymouth, got aground at the entrance of the harbour and
drove ashore at the back of the pier, with loss of bowsprit,
bulwarks, &c., and has since been scuttled. The brig in con-
tact with the Elizabeth Hunter, was the Shannon, from Sun-
derland to Bordeaux; both have come into the harbour, and
the former received considerable damage by striking the
pier head. The Tagus, from' Shields to Naples, has been
brought into the harbour with loss of rudder, leaky, and with
other damage, having struck the pier and grounded heavily.
The following vessels drove from their anchors and received
damage in snaking the harbour at low water. Planter,
Shields to Marseilles ; South Town, Yarmouth to Preston ;
Regulator, London for Waterford; Thorndale from Sunder-
land, and the Black Diamond, from Guernsey to Swansea.
The three first are leaky, and the Thomdale has lost bow-
sprit. 18th.—The wind is more moderate, from the Eastward.
LIVERPOOL, AIARCII 18.—Wind N.N.W. to N.E. moderate.
Ski. Novel, Rio Grande ; Agnes, Nassau.
HULL, MARCH 18.—Sld. Cove, St. John's; Foragee, St.
Andrew's.
PWELLIIELI, MARCH 17.—1 n addition to the vessels re-
ported yesterday, the following have gone ashore—viz., Hope,
of Milford, from Bangor to Exeter; Elizabeth, Barrow, to
Swansea; Gelert, Portmadoc, for Bridgewater; Ellen, do. to
Swansea ; Unity and Hopewell, both of Cardigan.
LIVERPOOL, MARCH 18.—It blew a very heavy gale from
the Eastward on the 16th on the Irish coast. The Kish
Light, drove and put into Kingstown. Five vessels, princi-
pally colliers, were driven ashore at Kingstown. The
schooner Seymour, of Bray, was wrecked on the Kish Bank;
crew drowned.
Duaux, MARCH 17.—Several of the vessels, principally
colliers and coasters, driven into Kingstown yesterday, have
received considerable damage, and some are expected to be-
come total wrecks, others have lost bowsprits, topmasts, &c.
It blew a perfect hurricane. The Majestic, of Ramsay, from
Runcorn, was run ashore at Ballydoyle yesterday, and lies in
a dangerous position ; crew saved. -
BELFAST, MARCH 16.—A large ship is reported to be ashore
on Rathlin Island.
DROGHEDA, MARCH I6.—The schooner Active, from Bel-
fast to this port, gbt ashore to-day two miles to the north-
ward, and is expected to become a total wreck should the
gale continue, which is now blowing from the east ; crew
saved.
WIVENHOE, MARCH 18.—A barque was lost on the Gun-
fleet, 16th inst., during a gale from the east.
WAINFLEET, Minn 18.—The Charlotte, of Hull is ashore
on Trieston Main ; cargo saved.
ALDnoßovcal' MARCH 18.—A vessel, name unknown, is
ashore in the Shipwash.
REDCAR, MARCH 17.—A. vessel is supposed to have foun-
dered off this, as a quantity of wreck has come ashore.
ISLAY, MARCH 13.—The Anne, from Inverness to Liver-
pool, and the Commerce, from the North, are ashore near
this, but expected off without damage.