The Sun.
London, England, 1868-08-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 26, 1868.

DR. PUSEI AND THE WESLEYANS.

The letter addressed by Dr. Pusey to the
ex-President of the Wesleyan Conference,
which we print in another page, is a singular
illustration of the capacity of Anglicanism to
stretch its lines so as to admit into fellow-
ship men of various and antagonistic beliefs.
Dr. Piney, hopeless that the Established
Church alone will be able to resist Mr.
Coleridge's University Bill, wishes to enlist
Dissenters in opposition to the principle of the
measure, and for this purpose he is prepared
o substitute for the Anglican formulary of
faith—subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles
—a simple acknowledgment of the Nicene
Creed. And relying simply on such a pro-
fession of the common creed of Christen-
dom, Dr. Pusey does not think it amiss
to admit "to the privileges and fellowship
of the University" Wesleyans, Particular
Baptists, Independents—all Dissenters, in
fact, who have not lapsed into Socinianism ;"
but all those Dissenters, whom Dr. Pusey is
now willing to admit to a share in the govern-
ment of the Universities, are men who deny
the Sacramental System and the Apostolic
Succession, who deride the Sacrifice of the
Mass, Auricular Confession, and devotion to
the Saints, and who, as far as their influence
extends in the University, will undoubtedly
teach that the doctrines which Dr. Pusey holds
to be of Divine revelation are the inventions
of man, or the superstitions of an unenlight-
ened age, and of an unreformed Church.

What does this agreement in the com-
mon creed of Christendom, which Dr. Pusey
advocates, mean, if not the most unmitigated
latitudinarianism ? What will be the effect cf
the religious teaching in a university in which
Anglicans and. Dissenters agree to sink minor
differences? Can it produce any result but
religious indifferentism, a disbelief in dogma,
a nominal Christianity ? Had such a scheme
been propounded a few years ago, it would
have been denounced by the party to which
Dr. Pusey has given his name as rank Libe-
ralism. And yet this is what Dr. Pusey now
complacently speaks of as " a religious way "
of education. To rescue the university from
the teaching of the " Deist or Atheist," Dr.
Pusey is content to merge his distinctive doc-
trines, which he believes to be the doctrines
of the. Anglican Church, the simple acknow-
ledgment of a creed which he holds in com-
mon with Dissenters of various denominations.
Has he a right to sacrifice the public profes-
sion in the university of any article of what
he believes to be divine faith ?
.Dr. Pusey
speaks of this as being an age of increasing
consistency ; but is it not the height of incon-
sistency in the leader of a religious school,
which regards Dissent as an apostacy from
the Catholic faith, to advocate as a "religious
way" of education a university teaching based
upon an agreement excluding the profession
of this Catholic faith, for the purpose of admit-
ting the presence and co-operation of Dissent?
Such a system, in which Anglicans and Dis-
senters are to sink their distinctive characteris-
tics as minor differences, Dr. Pusey, with a
singular insensibility to the ridiculous, de-
scribes as the "recognition of a definite faith."
The other plan which Dr. Pusey suggests,
and which hehimself prefers, is the endowment,
out of the revenues of the existing colleges, of
new colleges for the various Dissenting bodies,
in which each sect, even the Socinian, should
be allowed to teach its own belief, for it is
" better, indeed," Dr. Pusey says, " even to
decide that Socinianism should be endowed
than to allow that all colleges should become
Socinian, Sceptical, Deistic, and Atheistic."
But what a bewildering and disturbing effect
would not such a congeries of antagonistic
religions, equally endowed and favoured by
the University, produce upon the minds of the
young at the critical period of intellectual
fermentation ! The impression too likely to be
produced on them, would be that the various
forms of religion which presented themselves to
their selection, were matters on which they
were called upon to exercise their critical facul-
ties, to adopt, reject, or amend, as suited their
taste ; and. who can doubt that the too com-
mon result would be to regard religion alto-
gether as a mere matter of opinion ? And yet
Dr. Pusey says " that either of the ways" which
he suggests " would be religious ways !"
Catholics have been taught by the highest
authority in the Church, that the ways of
mixed education are irreligious ways, and we
cannot but regret to see so influential a
leader as the head of the Anglican School
commit himself to such latitudinarian courses
in the vital question of University education.
If he has any faith left in Anglicanism, if he
still sees any signs of life in the Anglican
Church, why does he not boldly grapple with
the danger and compel Anglicanism, or such
of it as follows his guidance, to come to a direct
issue with the dominant Liberalism of the
State ? If Parliament accepts Mr. Coleridge's
University Bill, and allows the colleges to
become " Socinian, Sceptical, Deistic, and
Atheistic," why does not Dr. Pusey, instead
of making common cause with Dissenters
and Socimans, at the expense of the integ-
rity of " Catholic faith," summon the Angli-
can Church to retire from Sceptical or Deistic
universities, and educate all such as value
Christian faith above worldly advantage in
colleges of its own ? The price is surely worth
the sacrifice. Are Dr. Pusey and his school
equal to the emergency; or is he conscious that
Anglicanism is incapable of undergoing such
a moral martyrdom? If so; such unfaith in An-
glicanism may account for his proposition to
the Wesleyans, in which he is content to
sink the special doctrines of Anglicanism in
order to meet the advances of Rationalism
in the government of the university by an
agreement in the " common creed of Christen-
doni." But is such a miserable and cowardly
compromise morally justifiable? It seems to
accord ill with the antecedents and ecclesiasti-
cal theories of Dr. Pusey. At all events, it
is as clear as the sun at noonday that to esta-
blish Latitudinarianism in the University as
a defence agaidst Rationalism is to invite
defeat. Such a surrender on the part of the
leader of the High Church party is ominous
of the fate of the Universities and of the future
of Anglicanism in England. Westminster
Gazette.

THE CANON LAW.

The following letters have been addressed
to the Tunes

SIR,—I need say little in answer to Dr.
M‘Neile's letter in the Times of to-day.

He speaks of the Decree of Gratian as a
statue. It is no more a statue than Comyn's
Digest. It is a compilation made by Gratian,
a private person, and composed of extracts
taken from various sources of more or less
authority, some of which, indeed, are admitted
to be doubtful or wrongly dated, or interpo-
lated. Canonists sometimes quote ex pane de-
cisa—that is to say, from part of the original
work not included in the extract ; and there
are things in this Decree which have never
been satisfactorily explained,—for instance, the
meaning of the word Palea.
Of course, 1 admit that the Decretals are
ecclesiastical laws ; but they are laws spread
over a period of many centuries, and going
back to remote antiquity. Many things in
the collections of Decretals are in desuetude,
or obsolete, or inapplicable, to present times
and circumstances. Much is changed by sub-
sequent legislation, especially by the decrees
of the Council of Trent, which is, the great
starting point of modern Canon Law. I con-
tend that it is not fair to make the Church of
the present day responsible for everything that
is found in the Decretals. To do so would be
as unfair as to make the British Government
responsible before the late expurgation of the
statues for everything contained in the statues
at large and unrepealed. In a former letter
Dr. M‘Neile stated that no ecclesiastical law
can become obsolete. This is a mistake. By
the law of England a statue can only be re-
pealed. by the Legislature. But the Canon

Law follows the doctrine of the Civil Law—
that laws may be repealed by becoming obso-
lete.

Dr. M‘Neile has entirely misunderstood
what Cardinal Wiseman said about the intro-
duction of the Canon Law here. What Cardinal
Wiseman said was, that we could not have the
full benefit of the Canon Law for the manage-
ment of our • ecclesiastical affairs while our
Church was governed by vicars apostolic. For
the Canon Law contemplates the administra-
tion of the Church, not by delegates, such as
vicars apostolic, but by ordinaries—that is to
say diocesans; and the administration of dio-
cesans is far more complete and convenient
than that of vicars apostolic, which is tem-
porary and anomalous.
Cardinal Wiseman never said anything so
absurd as that by the creation of the hierarchy
here the Canon Law was introduced in anta-
gonism to the law of the land, or that it thereby
became applicable to Protestants. It was intro-
duced simply as a system of rules to be used
within our own Church for the administra-
tion of our own ecclesiastical affairs.
No doubt even Dr. M`Neile will admit that
cases may occur where a Christian may have to
choose between obeying the laws of God or
those of man. If not, the martyrs—the noble
army of martyrs—were law-breakers and
'criminals, who wilfully refused to obey the
temporal law. But this-is a question of con-
science, and it has nothing to do with the
Canon Law as such. It is common to all forms
of Christianity._

The Canon Law comprehends the whole
Christian religion and the canonical books of
Scripture. It is a vast and beautiful system,
containing various sorts and classes of rules,
principles, and doctrines, having different
degrees of authority and various uses. It has
produced a great and powerful effect in the
formation of the jurisprudence of all civilized
countries. From the Canon Law were derived
the principle of reformatory punishment and
discipline, the idea of representative assem-
blies, the forms of elections, and many other
things which we all value. I advise those who
attack the Canon Law by picking out passages
here and there, to suit their purpose, to study
it dispassionately, as they would any other
science. I beg you to publish this letter,—
Your obedient servant,
GEORGE BOWYER.
York Hotel, Margate, Aug. 12.

SIR,—I observe in the Times of to-day that
Dr. M‘Neile does me the honour of noticing
the letter I addressed to you on the subject,of
Canon Law. and in that spirit of courageous
frankness for which he is distinguished he
candidly admits that he did not quote Cran-
mer's t` Selections" in their integrity, pleading
the necessity of brevity as his reason for the
omissions which occurred; nor does he impugn
my statement that, Cranmer's tenets were of
his own framing, and were not extracted ver-
batim from any authorized edition of the Corpus
furls Canonici. In a question of such im-
portance as the introduction of Canon Law
into this country—which Dr. M‘Neile alleges
would certainly bring with it all the horrors of
civil war—it would have been more satisfactory
if the rev. gentleman had not hazarded second-
hand quotations, which are made with a lati-
tude so extra ordinary that, to my mind, the
plea of brevity appears to be altogether insuffi-
cient. Dr. M`Neile should have had the Canon
Law before him. Without it, there must be
very great danger of his conveying an entirely
erroneous impression of its nature. If I wish
to describe Blackstone's Commentaries I refer
to Blackstone, and would think any cOmnien-
tator's gloss as anything but sufficient for
my purpose. How can Dr. M`Neile reasonably
complain that neither Mr. Gladstone, Mr.
Bright, nor their followers, being Protestants,
are acquainted with the Canon Law of the
Romish Church—i.e., with the literature of
more than 1,000 years, all written in a dead
language, when he himself frankly owns that
he, a learned Canon, has the greatest diffi-
culty in making quotations from the authorized
formularies of the Church of Rome? Unless he
qualify himself by some_ study of the Canon
Law itself, how can he possibly come . before
the world as an authority on the subject ?
In his second letter he has fallen into the
same error as in his first, not, of course, inten-
tionally. No one acquainted with the character
of Dr. M•Neile would for a moment think of
accusing him of wilful misrepresentation ; but
again he has been content with second-hand
referenCes, taken from a Mr. Charles Butter,
or from some equally learned and great autho-
rity. He says :
As for the mode in which it is lawful to
treat all excommunicated persons, pray trans-
cribe the following. It is from Gratian, under
the head of 'De Coercendis Hcereticis '
If, therefore, good men and public autho-
rities war,' &c.ecreti, Pars 11.,
Caus w
a agng —D
XXIII.,i
Questio 6, an mali cogendi sint
ad conun."
• The man must be an otter sceptic who would
look on this passage, printed in the Times under
the high authority of Canon M`Neile, and
venture to deny that it was a genuine bit of
Canon Law of the character which the learned
Doctor immediately proceeds thus to describe :
No part of the Canon Law is obsolete ;
make it so. ! Nullum
No part of it has
ed, or disclaimed by
telapse
übosefeentoi morieeeps
jedteaolee(knui,roetjrei
tc.t,
Papal authority.
The statement of the Rev. Canon in the
Times of to-day that he is not aware whether
this decree has ever received Papal sanction
is quite sufficient evidence that he did not
frgolmoss theo Corpus Juris Canonici,
of some commentator whose
butext from theractit
name he does not give.
The Decretum • Gratiani and cum Glossis
Gregorii XIII.,
ap-
peared with the sanction of the Pope, as fol-
lows :—‘ Gre OrinS Papa XIII., universis
jussu editum, Rolm; 1582,
Cprcesentas Litoras inspecturis
sta Apostolicam Benedictionem, &c."‘
itest mi fidelibuset
It would be tedious to quote the whole sanc-
tion ; it would be unsuitable for the columns
of a general newspaper. It ends in these terms:
" Datum R 013193 apud sanctum Petrum sub
annulo Pisca tons die secundo Qunii,
Pontifieatus Nostri Anno An-
decum."

This sanction of the Pope was but a quali-
fied one ; but one thing it shows, that if we
are to find any authoritative statement of the
Canon Law containing this alleged decree of
Gratian we must look for it in this very edition
—Rome, 1582. Referring,, therefore, to it,
your readers will be surprised to hear that
although the heading " Decreti, II Pars, C&usa
XXIII., Qnestio 6," is perfectly correct, yet
there is no such passage as "De • Coercendis
Htereticis," which Dr. M'Neile must have
discovered in some other work ; nor is there
one single line of the horrible passage which
he asserts may be found in the writings of
Gratian.

The learned Doctor took occasion in the
columns of the Times politely to inform Mr.
Gladstone that he was a crape, but he conside-
rately added—by way of softening the charge
—that it was not in the nature of a dupe to
know that he was one. Agreeing with the
latter part of this statement, I believe that Dr.
3PNeile is not aware that he has been im-
posed upon, for, notwithstanding his eager dis-
position, I am certain he would never publish
to the world anything but what he was con-
vinced was true and well-founded.

Next, we will refer to the Paris Edition of
the Canon Law, 1687, published Guns Privi-
legio Regis, 2 vols. folio, and which is the one
referred to by Cranmer's annotators. Here
your learned readers may find reproduced
what is in the Roman edition of 1582, but
not one word of that terrible decree of Gratian
with which Dr. M‘Neile would scare Mr.
Gladstone's constituents, nor one word resem-
bling it. Now, who did the Doctor quote from?
He is too honest a man, and far too fearless in
his honesty, to keep the matter a secret.
What commentator's gloss has he taken for
the genuine text ?
we will refer to a, very large edition
Thirdly,

three thick folio vols., Corpus ,Turfs Canonici,
in ties parks Distinclunz, Glossis Diversorum
iltiustraticiu, &c., Lyons, 1671, Cum Permissu
SiTeriorum, &c. ; and we will refer to Gra-
tian's writings, but not one word of the citation
which Dr. M`Neile gives with • such apparent
circumstantial precision. Mr. Bright and his
followers should take Dr. M`Neile's recom-
mendation, and read themselves up in the
Canon Law, consisting, as it does for the most
part, of extracts from the Fathers, of some
vc ry extraordinary letters of the Popes, of de-
crees of councils, and of argumentative disser-
tations calculated rather to puzzle modern
understandings—the whole forming a curious
compilation, of which the Roman clergy them-
selves are only partially informed—which can
be applied to England only so far as it bears
upon the relation existing between the Romish
bishops and priests, to which probably Dr.
Wiseman referred ; in a word, a compilation
which will be about as influential to the welfare
of future generations of Englishmen, Dr.
M`Neile's Day-dreams notwithstanding, as
Gulliver's Travels.—l am, sir, your obedient
servant,

PHILIP HAINS, Vicar of St. George's.
Wigan, Aug. 12.

DEATH OF iIIAJOR-(;EN. C. G. lIALIINE-

"JULES O'REILLY."

The unexpected death of Charles G. Halpine, bet-
ter known under his nom de plume of " Miles
O'Reilly," has filled a wide circle of Americans
with sorrow. On Saturday, the Ist instant, he was
laughing gaily in the office of his newspaper, the
New York Citizen—next day he was lying dead in
a room of the Astor House. Charles G. Halpine
was born near the town of Oldcastle, county Meath,
in 1829. His father, the Reverend Nicholas J.
Halpine, was a clergyman of the Established
Church, and a man of well-known abilities.
He was editor of the Dublin Eveniv
and a frequent contributor to Blackwood,
while his brother, William Henry Halpine, was
proprietor and editor of the Cheltenham Mail.
Charles was his father's favourite, and early gave
evidence of inheriting his peculiar abilities. He
graduated with distinction at Trinity College, and
commenced the study of medicine, which he quickly
surrendered for the—to him —more congenial pur-
suit of journalism. He contributed to the Irish
and subsequently to the English press, residing some
years in London. Bat not having a sufficiently
open field in, the Old, he sought it in the New
World. He had married before emigrating, and
left his wife in England while seeking his fortune in
America, but she joined him immediately he felt
established. His first connection was with the
Boston Post; then he became editor of the Carpet
Bag, which shortly after failed, when he removed
to New York, where he was associated with Henry
J. Raymond in editing the Times till he obtained
an interest in the Leader with John Clancy. his
talent quickly made itself felt on that paper, which
increased rapidly from a few hundreds to 11,000.
It was then that he bet he would produce a sensa•
tion, which he skilfully accomplished by his resusci-
tation of Hicks, the pirate, who was executed a short
time before on Bedloe's Island. So adroitly was
this done that the city became wild with excitement,
and a suspicion was raised not yet set at rest. The
Leader was the first Democratic paper in New York
on the war commencing to hoist the American flag,
and pronounce for the Union. It was shortly after
his arrival that he wrote for the Tribune the famous
poem, whose authorship has been ascribed to Mr.
Greeley—
" Tear down the flaunting lie,
Half mast the starry flag,
Insult no sunny sky
With hate's polluted rag."

When the war broke out he joined the G9th Regi-
ment, under General Cochrane, as a Lieutenant ;
but he was soon promoted to be adjutant-general
on the staff of General David Hunter, and subse-
quently on that of Major-General Halleck,
and he prepared the first order enrolling a negro
Regiment for General Hunter's signature, for which
the General as well as himself were outlawed by
the Confederacy, who ordered the immediate exe-
cution of either, if captured. So signal were his
services that in spite of his earnest support of
M'Clellan and his resignation, he was successively
promoted by brevet to lieutenant-colonel, colonel,
and brigadier-general. The $15,000 he had accumu-
lated previous to the war was spent in the sup-
port of his family, his'pay being wholly insufficient. It
was nnder these circumstances that an instance was
given of his incorruptibility.. A fortune was of-
fered him by a quartermaster at Hilton Head if he
would only shut his eyes, but he arrested the
tempter, and preferred charges against him at
Washington. his last army service was under Gene-
ra Dix, when a series of his articles exposing the
corruptions of many New York politicians attracted
the Citizens' Association, which had just inaugu-
rated the reform movement in New York, who in-
vited him to edit the Citizen newspaper, then
started by the association. He accepted the post,
and eventually purchased the journal, conduct-
ing it till his death, having quickly brought'
it into the first class of weekly papers. Both with
Mr. Bennett of the Herald and Mr. Greeley of the
Tribune Charles G. Halpine m tin tained the warmest
friendship. These great journalists early appreci-
ated his abilities, and afforded him the opportunities
of which ho availed himself to become famous, and
his love and renrd for them lasted till his death.
Towards them and his old co ntnauder, Major-
General David Hunter, he manifested the mast
devoted gratitude. Charles G. Halpin° may be
said to be a representative Irish gentleman. Hi
was deeply impressed with the wrongs his native
island had sustained, but he never carried this
feeling to injustice or fanaticism, and no better
proof of this could be given than his kind
and generous appreciation of the Anglo-American
Tinzes, a journal which has strongly and consistently
opposed Fenianism. It is to this eminent journalist
we are indebted for the opinion we published Au-
gust 8, which, coming from such a quarter, was
calculated to create no little gratification. He was
liberal to a fault; lively, kind-hearted, grateful,
extravagant, versatile, inconsequent, mercurial.
Endowed with a wonderful memory he easily re-
ceived an inprtatsien, and retained it fixedly. IL
believed in hard work, and though backed
by genius and a superior classical education, he
carried this mental fatigue to an excess which even-
tually cost him his life. Suffering after great brain
labour frum inability to sleep, he had been be -
trayed into the fatal habit' of using opiates. On the
evening of the day before his death, not feeling well,
though previously he had been in good health, in-
stead of accompanying his friends Brady and
Dickerson to Rockaway, as intended, he put
up at the Astor Horse, • and sent for some
chloroform to allay the pain and to produce sleep.
Through an error the first bottle was diluted, and,
not producing the effect, he ordered another, which
he concluded was the same, but it was up to the
full strength, and through its incautious use the
fatal result ensued. It was under the nom de plume
of Miles O'Reilly that his verses were published,
which have made him celebrated throughout the
Union. New York city rewarded him with the
lucrative office of Registrar, and at his death showed
its appreciation by proposing the appointment of a
friend of the deceased to the vacancy, the profits of
the office to go to his family. Mr. H. Greeley volun-
teered to assume this duty, and every Republican
journal in New York endorsed the proposal; while
it remained for the Democratic World to oppose it.
Extensive preparations were made by the civic and
military authorities for his funeral, and Generals
Sheridan and Sherman telegraphed to Governor
Fenton earnestly advocating the arrangement so
generally endorsed in New York with regard to the
provision for his family. An inquest was held on
the evening of the Gth instant, when the family
physician, Dr. Whitney, testified that both he and
his father had treated the deceased for congestion
of the brain, resulting from literary labour. Two
weeks before he had had an attack accompanied by
brain symptoms, and, although not prescribed, he
sometimes used chloroform to induce sleep. His
death was caused by excessive congestion of the
brain, and this opinion was confirmed by Drs.
Knox, Finnell, and others, the jury returning a
1 verdict that such waa the owe, accidentally pro-

duced by the use of chloroform after severe mental
labour. General C. G. Halpine left a wife and six
children.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

PROPOSED BRANCHES OF THE PACIFIC RAILWAY.
—The reason for carrying the line to the north of
the Salt Lake is the desire to construct a branch
through Ilodge's Pass to the Beal• River Valley,
directing one route west to the Snake River, and
another north to Montana, whose central settle-
ments are but 250 miles from Fort Bridger. An-
other route is proposed from the nearest point of
the Central Pacific straight north-west to Snake
River, a branch of the Columbia, the river which
divides Oregon from Washington, on which stands
the city of Portland. That town, but a short dis-
tance from the Pacific, is only 645 miles from Salt
Lake, and this would be much reduced by the navig-
able portion of the river. One hundred and fifty
miles of steamboat navigation from Salmon Falls
on the Snake River to Old Ferry, with 175 of rail
across the Blue Mountains and Grande Ronde Val-
ley reaches Umatilla on the Columbia, whence to
Portland there is a first class service of steamers and
railroad already in operation. By this line only
285 miles of new road would have to be formed.
From Portland 150 miles of road due north
through Washington Territory would open Puget's
Sound, the finest inland waters and forest region
in North America. Tue first route would require
450 miles of new railroad and 815 of steam-
boat travel, but it would open up Montana and lay
the foundation of a Northern Pacific line, either to
the waters of the great lakes or through Dacotah,
Minnesota, and Wisconsin, to Chicago. For the
present the shorter and cheaper routes may do, and
the Oregonians, for whose purpose it would suffice,
are making vigorous efforts to carry it out. What
is required is a good flow of European capital in
this direction, and such lines could be constructed
on far better terms for the Government than those
granted to the Union Pacific. The San Fran-
cisco Mining and Scientific Press says of the Central
Pacific line—" Great difficulty has also been ex-
perienced in getting iron ; two of the rolling mills
at the East on which the company depended for
iron having recently been destroyed by fire. Iron,
however, is now being conveyed across the Isthmus
of Panama at great expense, to make up for what
has been unavoidable delays. About three miles
of track are now being laid daily. All this haste
is being made to reach Salt Lake ahead of the
Union Road, and thereby secure the valuable trade
of that region for the benefit of California. The
people of the State can well afford a small extra
tax, in the way of high fares, for a little while, so
long as the money so obtained is being devoted to
such a desirable object."
RAILWAY TRAFFIC OF CHICAGO.--NO less than
78 railway trains depart from and enter Chicago
daily. _ _ _

The annual meeting of the European and North
American Railroad Company was held at Bangor,
Maine, on Tuesday, July 28. A. vote was passed
authorizing the directors to issue bonds of the com-
pany for such amount as they may determine, for
building the road to the State line, and to mort-
gage their property to secure the payment of their
bonds.

The track of the European and North American
Railway is laid to Oldtown, Mobile, and au engine
has passed over it. The road will be in running order
to Milford by the first of next month.
ILLINOIS RAILROADS.—The first railroad pro-
jected in Illinois was the Sangamon and Morgan,
now a part of the Toledo 'Wabash and Western. It
was opened in part in 1839. The second line opened
was the Galena and Chicago, begun in 1819, and 10
miles of the same completed in 1850. The first rail-
road in Illinois opened through from Lake Michigan
in the Mississippi River was the Chicago and Rock
Island, February, 1851. The second line to the
Mississippi was made up of the Galena and Chicago,
and the Illinois Central ; opened early in 1855.
Afterwards the Chicago and Alton in 1855, and the
Chicago Burlington and Quincy, in 1856. The
Terra Haute, Alton, and St. Louis—now leased to
the Indianapolis and St. Louis Railroad Company
—was opened in 1851 ; the Ohio and Mississippi,
in 1857 ; the Illinois Central main line, the Chicago
branch was completed in the winter of 1856-7.
The length of the Illinois Central, main line and
branch, is 707 miles. Gross earnings for 1867,
$7,160,992. The Chicago and North-western Rail-
road Company own 821 miles of road, and lease
436 miles.

A meeting of the directors of the Erie Railway
Company was held in New York on July 30, when
important business was transacted. Mr. JS. Eld-
ridge resigned the Presidency, giving place to Mr.
Jay Gould, who was unanimously elected to fill the
vacancy. Mr. Eldridge and Mr. James S. Whitney
resigned as directors, when Mr. C. G. Sisson, of
Jersey City, and William M. Tweed, of New York,
were elected to the vacancies. There is great ex-
citement in the market, the heavy fall being ascribed
to Vanderbilt and Drew, who are said to have with-
drawn and sold largely to the representative of une
of the largest German houses in England. Some
assert that sales have been pressed to induce the
house to get out of their bargain, and enable the
speculators to buy back at a profit. Advices from
America, by telegraph, report that the registration
books have been suddenly closed without any sen-
sible reason. The sale of $5,000,000 of the Ist
Mortgage Bonds of the Boston, Hartford, and Erie
Railroad has been completed, Commodore Vander-
bilt taking one-quarter of the amount. The road
receives $2,000,000 in cash, and the remainder
whenever called for. By this loan the road has
secured the $3,000,000 loan made by the State last
year, and the entire sum of $8,000,000 will be
amply sufficient to complete the entire line between
Fishkill, New York, and Boston, which will be
done in 18 months.

The railroad from Suscol to Calistoga was opened
the entire distance the first week in July. Passen-
gers can now leave San Francisco at three o'clock
p.m., and arrive at Calistoga the same evening
38 miles by steamer and 31 by railroad. The
through fare, as now established, is five dollars 50
cents.

In 1829 there were but three miles of railway
track in the United States—to-day there are not
less than 38,500 miles. The railroad business of
the Union employs about 500,000 men.
11. D. Burghardt, of Pittsfield, has made a work-
ing model of a railroad car truck, of which he is
the inventor, by the use of which he claims that
the speed of cars on curves may be increased one-
third, and the safety of the train and the amount
of tonnage increased in the same ratio, without any
increase in the amount of power commonly used.
By this invention the terrible wear and tear of the
tracks and the disagreeable oscillating motion of
the cars while passing around curves are wholly
avoided.

The belt of Vermont, through which the Portland
and Ogdensburg Railroad will pass, is the richest
portion of the State. The three counties on the
line of the road contain live stock worth $3,500,000,
and farms worth $500,000,000.
The Sugar Valley Railroad, from Bradford to
Claremont, New Hampshire, has long been talked
of, and at last has been started. The different
towns along the route have subscribed liberally to
the enterprise, and the towns have very generally
appropriated their five per cent. Concord is
directly interested in the new road, and the whole
State indirectly.

A curious cargo has just arrived at Havre. The
French ship PeopUte, from Vera Craz, is laden entirely
'with a commodity for which there never was so great a
demand as now —false hair, .n rather mid hair to b 3 used
falsely. The hair is almost all black, and consists it,
great part of scalps of Apauchos, Comanches, and othet
native Mexican tribes.

[ADVERTISEMENT. —Holloway's Ointment and Pills.
Order and Ease.—These remarkable remedies surpass
every other medicine for general family use. Their action
is alterative, anodyne, tonic, and healing. The ointment
has only to be perseveringly rubbed twice a day over any
afflicted organ to penetrate to it, regulate, and sooth it.
Its tonic properties are obtained through the wholesome
influence it exerts when rubbed over the stomach and
liver, on both of which it produces the happiest effects.by
making their secretion abundant and natural. Holloway's
purifying pills should be simultaneously taken. The com-
bined action of these safe yet potent remedies over sto-
mach, liver, bowels, kidneys, muscles, and nerves is ini
mediate, beneficial, and lasting. Holloway's preparations
restere order, ease, litrogtb, and happiness.

AIR. ALBERT GRANTS LETIER.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)

Mr. Albert Grant has replied in the Times to its re-
marks on the Credit Foncier of England. Although
his letter occupies a column of that journal in small
print, there is absolutely nothing in it before not
generally known. The successive reductions in the
liability, the capital paid up, the dividends dis-
bursed, and the value of the assets as appraised by
the directors were long since made public. The
declaration that the commission to himself and hi 3
brethren of the board was calculated on fair and
accurate data is a matter of course, and can carrY
no weight. The question that interests the public
is the equity of the directors in retaining £300,000
pocketed by them as cointnissioa on earnings
never earned. All that Mr. Grant can do is t°
show that the calculation was a mistake, and the
overcharge not purposely erroneous to enable the
board to appropriate the vast sum they did. More
than this, we presume, Mr. Grant would not at-
tempt to prove, and certainly does not prove, in his
letter. If then the subject is narrowed either to an
over-calculation by design or by error, the share-
holders can afford to give the directors the benefit
of intending well, but can the directors in equity
retain the large sums which resulted from their own
miscalculation ? Mr. Grant argues that it is impos-
sible in exceptional periods fairly to estimate such
assets as those of the Credit Fonder. If in the
period of inflation they were over-valued in this
period of depression they are even in a greater
degree under-valued, and in these fluctuations,
whether the commissions to the directors had been
overpaid could only be ascertained when the Com-
pany had wound up. Though there is truth in
this, it is an exaggeration. What the shareholders
require is an approximation not running int°
either extreme. Had Mr. Grant read up the re-
port he wrote for September, 1865, and which We'
lately discussed, and in some small degree justified
those statements, he would have addressed himself
to the subject. Had he answered the statements
made by his successor, Mr. Mowatt, he would
also have addressed himself to the subject, and had
he dealt with the return by the directors in general,
and himself in particular, of the commission taken
on an erroneous calculation, he would then, indeed,
have dealt with a question interesting the public in
general and the shareholders in particular. No one
can fully appreciate the difference between thi4
letter and an old report of the Credit Foncier wh°
does not compare them. The promises by whichlSTr•
Grant succeeded in obtaining the £2,000,000 of caps'
tal and the result would then come strikingly home'
He finds no better means of justification than in a
comparison, in a wholly different direction from this.
We desire him to deal with his own company as re-
presented by him in 1865, and with that company
as represented by Mr. Mowatt in 1868. Avoid'
ing this, he turns to others of the same sort for a
comparison. Bad as we are, in effect, he says, there
are others worse. We did not originate the system
of paying by commission, and it is acted on by
such companies as the International Financial, the
General Credit, and the Imperial Ottoman Bank'
Why not have added by the Imperial Mercantile,
the London Financial Association, and such other
precious concerns, whose shareholders hope that the
Directors will follow the example about to be set by
the Credit Foncier, and return the commissioa
erroneously pocketed? But fearful as is the loss
entailed by the Credit Foncier, demoralizing be-
yond all calculation to investors as were the early
reports published by this company, another subject
which Mr. Grant has wholly overlooked requires
explanation, as being far more widespreading and
injurious in its effects than the position of the
parent concern. We allude to the numerous
un-
dertakings launched under its auspices, each more
disastrous than its predecessor, till the aggre-
gate of loss and ruin has become fright'
ful to contemplate. People say that the Cre-
dit Foncier, while making fortunes for 3-I'
Albert Grant and the other directors, involved its
shareholders in a heavy loss ; that it demoralizedit
investors by grossly exaggerated reports ; that
floated by " rigging" the market, and holding nut
inducements which have been realized in their
lin-
verse ratio, concerns which absolutely sank
lions upon millions of English capital. Although A
great parade is now made of openness and candour,
the company in the days when all this ruin Wr
wrought guarded with closed doors and a ridicul-
ous„ parade of jealousy every atom of intelligence'
Indeed it brought mystery to aid in the demoralisation,
of
for it professed to have discovered the secret 0
finance, the philosopher's stone of wealth, and
who attempted to explain the charlatanism was ban-
swered, and was compelled to acknowledge that
did not know what the business was. Accordi7
to Mr. Mowatt, and he as chairman ought tolcn°`;
this scheme consisted of business of this nut the
investing something like a quarter of a million t
streets of Paris, of which only £75,000 came bacot-
was treated as profit and divided among the shs.ro.
holders ! What is the sum total of the car„.
of the Credit Foncier and the chickens it haterlt
received from the shareholders, and the Pre'e
iter
value, and we would suggest to a ready wr
the history of this concern treated in a P°llo,
manner, which, whether as a publication P
fitable or not, would at least be useful a'gof
warning when the public showed sy
rap 010 00
a future mania. If the former valuations were
the
accurate, if the shareholders were rigidly denied the
information on which to base a calculation, if
ie.
auditors, though nominally selected by the shard,
holders, were practically appointed by the 13°
if the reports published were calculated whollitho
mislead—as is everywhere asserted—then let pa
subject be investigated, and the question argili;.
before the judges, whether the enormous col:0
fl3/a'rd
.1i
sions paid to the directors were or were not
earned, and ought or ought not to be returned'

e 514
The school of dentistry connected with Hat'u-ig
University has just been organised, and the first reg
session will begin on the first Wednesday of Novel'lbitt:
and continue four months. Tho following is the of
culty :—Nathan C. Keep, M. D.D.D.S., Professorf 0,
mechanical industry; Oliver W. Holmes, M.D.
vElge
Less of Anatomy and Physiology ; Henry J.
low, M.D., professor of surgery and clinical surS.;
John Bacon, M.D., professor of chemistry ; fa'
Hitchcock, M.D., professor of dental pathology and t.:tiffi
peutics ; George T. Moffat, M.D., professor of open Scot
dentistry; Luther D. Shepard, D.D.S., adjunct Pr°f,3•fer
of operative dentistry; Elbridge G. Leach, D.D.S., ilD;r001
city lecturer on pathology and therapeutics ; A. 6 i°.4`
D D.S., university lecturer on operative dentistry ; '1
Hawes, demonstrator of operative dentistry ; Wars 13'
Ham, demonstrator of mechanical dentistry; Cbgl. C"
Porter, M.D., demonstrator of practical anatomy'
Keep, M.D., D.D.S., dean of the faculty. t a
The sculptor Thomas Ball has just comple-e
admirable statuette of the late Governor Andre('
Ball will return to Florence in October. ' gal
The late Thomas A. Goddard, of Boston,
in his will X 50,000 to each of his two unmarried ais'e"
and all the rest of his property to his wife.

Births. 0009 T,
CRAUFURD —On the 24th inst., at Auebonaraosv 0.
West Kilbride, Ayrshire, NB , the wife of ."'
Craufurd, Esq., M.P., of a daughter. 'card°
GRENVILLE— On the 24th inst., at 5, Grosvenor-go,.
the wife of Ralph N. Grenville, Esq., 31.P0 of a OlifOas
PARR—On the 24th inst., at 4, Belgrave-place'
the wife of T. Parr, Esq., of a daughter.
Mariages. rot'
_d,
~16,
NAstr—WILLIAMS—On the 22d inst. at St. aa`mcjs All'„ t
ting-hill, Edward, the elder son of E. Nash, o' he e1u;;54..
Aldgate, to Louisa Mary Ann Whitwell. t" ueru-
daughter of G. L. Williams, of AN enue-road, Sher
,00a
bush, and Now Bond-street. ... 100'E.
FRY—BLIGH—On the 19th inst., at UpPe' t lat° .
Chapel, Walter Henry Fry, secod son of her 013 f Or.
Fry, to Elizabeth Stammers, fifth daught
Bligh, South Villa, Upper Norwood.

:I.lrnsoN- On the 23d inst.,
Deaths. vg.,
late
Captain 24th Regiment. ' ' oltelit
DOVE-On tLe 21th inst., at Castl de Loige, C:1“I'
Percy M. Dove, aged 6 ' en 4. roat
JoNES-On the 23d inst, at Castle-square, Car°
at Redllnd David 01135011,
ECKY-On the 231 inst., at Malvern,
L Decl,ll
Owen Jones, Esq., aged 72.
major ll'
formerly 26th Light Dragoons, aged 77. ~ for
STOCKER-On the 23d iust , Mr. Wm. Henry t',,°,c,,1cin9,13,.(1
many years the representative of (Nuovo) . -6-I',""str' Ertl,
Co., of St. Jites's-street, and 16,'AlbeMo-0)-
London, aged 61.
n.------.---(:151
---------- -
London : Printed and Published by 1171LL1A.31 Ore li/i
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tan SUN 011=•Nr:lti °
Strand, in the Precinct of the Se voy, in th 6 v 2"
Micttiloca....7l ediatEday , Aufswit 26, 1565,