The Sun.
London, England, 1850-10-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 10, 1856.

the rights and privileges of free citizenship ; the
English franchise imperatively demands extension ;
the affairs of our Ceylon colony must be adjusted ;
railway audits must be placed under proper control;
and there is scarcely any department of the law which
does not require practical reform. These are the
measures to which we would call the attention of the

signal than that by which on the 4th instant they re-
pelled the assailants of Friederichstadt. Our infor-
mation ensues principally from the Germans them-
selves, and must consequently be regarded as in no
respect marred by exaggeration. Won the dis •
patches of General WILLISEIq, the Commander-in-
Chief of the army bombarding the city, it woukl
appear indeed that the success of the Danes in this
last struggle against their antagonists has been as
great as it has proved sanguinary. The storming
party has been driven back with a loss, according to
the lowest estimate of 400, according to the highest of
700, the actual number being most probably inter-
mediate. From about half-past five o'clock in the
evening 'of the 4tb, until midnight, the firing con-
tinued almost unremittingly—the Germans advancing
upon Friederichstadt in three columns, one by the
Seeth-marsb, another by the Treene-dyke, and the
third by the Eyder•dyke. In each instance the ad-
vancing battalions were repulsed with slaughter,
the insurgent troopers being at length compelled to
take up their original position, and leave the city
in the possession of its valiant defenders. Taking the
report of General WILLISEN to the Staathalterschaft
as the text of our observations, the Danes have in
every detail of the encounter proved themselves as
dauntless as they are actually victorious. Speaking
of his own troops, he says, they executed the attack
with " distinguished bravery"—consequently the
victors must have fought with proportionately yet
greater energy. Indeed the German Commander-
in-Chief acknowledges as much when he observes that
‘‘ the enemy conducted his defence with coolness and
determination." Summing up the whole results of
this eventful day, General Witesesees says that it
" will have no decisive effect on the operations
of the war," proving by so many syllables that
it already appeared to himself most disastrous.
One passage in this report to the Staathalterschaft
we cannot but view as. a melancholy token of the
ferocity engendered by warfare. We recommend it
seriously to the consideration of the Peace Society.
It is where the defeated Captain writes, almost as it
were incidentally, and with a scarcely suppressed
exultation—an exultation but partially concealed by
a pretence of commiseration—" Unhappily, it was
impossible to avoid setting fire to the place, and a
great part of the unfortunate town is destroyed." A
similar affectation of sentiment might have been
displayed by the burglars at the Frimley
vicarage, if they had exclaimed, when
escaping from their bootless attempt at
robbery—" Unhappily, it was impossible to avoid
firing in the confusion, and the unfortunate clergy-
man, the master of the house, is. destroyed." When
it is remembered that the Danes, in defending
Friederichstadt, were only defending their inalienable
rights, their property, and their independence from
the grasp of lawless and pitiless spoliators, it becomes
sickening to hear the leader of this army of pil-
lagers thus commemorating the wanton destruction
perpetrated during the bombardment.
So important is the new disaster which has
just befallen the Schleswig-Holstein armament
under the walls of Friederichstadt, even in
their own estimation, that their Diet has
immediately authorised the Staathalterschaft to
increase the number of troops by new enlistments,
and has placed an additional sum of 3,292,687 marks
at the disposal of the War Department. It becomes
manifest, consequently, that the pertinacious course
which has been pursued thus obstinately during no
less than three years in succession, will be persisted
in by the German confederates, unless the great
European powers interpose at length to prevent the
continuance of such unnecessary carnage. That some
such beneficent interference will take place we are
sanguine, seeing that the war against Denmark
is one so notoriously unjust and execra-
ble, that its iniquity has been asserted by the
Republican rulers of France, by his Majesty the
Russian AUTOCRAT, and by the Liberal Government of
England, represented in the Foreign Department by
Lord PALMERSTON. Surely the atrocity of the at-
tack must be great indeed, when the criminality of
the insurgent Schleswig-Holsteiners combines toge-
ther in one opinion men of such different sentiments
and states of such incongruous characters. It must
be borne in recollection, moreover, that the gallant
Danes have earned for themselves the sympathy of
the European Governments by the loyalty, the valour,
and the self-sacrificing enthusiasm with which
they have sustained the cause of their SOVEREIGN.
Gladly should we learn that the chivalrous defence
of Friederichstadt was the last warlike exploit
which the soldiers cf Denmark were required to ac-
complish in vindication of their national independence.
Matters might then revert to their original position.
Schleswig would still remain, as it has done from
thee immemorial, an integral portion of the Danish
territory; Holstein would still continue to acknow-
ledge the King of DEildaßK. as her Ducal Chieftain,
while herself remaining at the same time a member
of the German Confederation ; and the latsr would
then be enabled to dedicate her enormous energies,
not to the lawless spoliation of her neighbours, but to
the august work of her own social and political re-
generation.

people of England ; they are measures which must
receive the attention of the Legislature in the next
session of Parliament, and upcn which the public mind

should be prepared and instructed. We shall, per-
haps, refer to them more in detail on some future oc-
casion. Just now our attention naturally turns to
the great difficulty—lreland.
England has no doubt many social and political
grievances to redress. But it is the unfortunate story
of the fair land of Ireland that has ever " blotted the
leaves" of British history. The richness of her soil,
and the sufferings of her people, have been for ag(s
the themes of praise and pity throughout Europe ;
while the anomalous state of her social and physical
condition has imperilled the fame of every statesman
from STRAFFORD to Lord CLARENDON. No doubt
the Irish Elective Franchise Bill will make some ad-

The happy, careless schoolboy, the careworn,
toiling lawyer, alike enjoy their vacations. At those
welcome periods books and cares are flung to the
winds. The grave, used-up senator, after months of

midnight legislation, enjoys his Parliamentary recess;
the spruce official of the Treasury enjoys his six
weeks' tour ; while the plodding cit tries to forget
the schemes and speculations of the counting-house in
the peaceful repose of some sea-side villa. There is a
season of rest and recreation for all save the hapless
editor. Even now, when the romantic hills of Scot-
land and the rich vallies of merry Englarld re- echo the
spirit-stiring sounds of the rifle and the fowling-piece,
and while our Hibernian friends are in full chase
after the great " sea-serpent" round the coast of the
Emerald Isle, alas ! still here we are plying our toil-
some and eternal task; exercising our ingenuity to
eke out of the dull round of passing events some sub-
ject 15f interest—a matter of no ordinary difficulty
even with the moat microscopic eye.
The hippototamus has ceased to be a novelty, and
even the sea-serpent—that monster myth of our face-
tious fellow-subjects of the sister isle—is become a
thrice-told tale. The grumblings of the Protectionists
are drowned in the operations of a fruitful harvest ;
the cry for repeal is too faint to be heard beyond the
precincts of that little place miscalled CONCILIATION
HALL, and the Chartists have ceased to talk of
fighting. Indeed, the whole political world is just
now as dull and calm as any nervous old lady could
desire; yet at no season can the public journalist
exercise his high calling with greater efficiency.
In the lull of party and of passion he can with
greater facility lead the public mind to the calm con-
sideration of such questions as concern the common
weal. In such a season of tranquillity the better
feelings have full play, and all are less likely to be
affected by sordid and selfish influences than when
the angry elements of the political atmosphere are in
agitation. Impressed with the importance of the mo-
ment, we would then call the attention of the people
and of the Legislature to those measures of deep import-
ance likely to come under the consideration of Parlia-
ment early in the coming session.
We very willingly give credit to the Government
for having carried many enactments of deep public
interest during the last. session; and we have no
doubt many other useful measures then before Par-
liament would also have become law were it not for
the ill-timed introduction of the discussion on our
foreign policy—a discussion forced on both Houses
at an advanced period of the session, in the bitterest
spirit of faction, without any other apparent object
than the damnification of an able Minister, and the
obstruction of the public business.
We can look with feelings of gratification to the
successful issue of such wholesome and necessary
Bilis as that fur Australian self government, the
Extramural Interments Bill, the Bill for the regula-
tion and amendment of our mercantile marine,
the issue cf the Royal Commission to
inquire' into the :tats cf the UJ niverEitie s.
We must also rejoice at the discomfiture of the pha-
risaical Slbbatarians, yet we cannot shut our eyes to
the fact that much has been left undone. No Duet:
provision has been made for the general education of
the people ; the common air and light of heaven
are partially shut out by reason of the window-tax
remaining still unrepealed ; the principles of civil and
religious liberty cannot be fully recognized or car-
rie4 out while the Jew remains disqualified to enjoy'

TUE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
The Committee of Permanence, dissatisfied with
the explanations of General D'HAIiTPOTJL regarding
the seditious cries raised by the soldiers at the review,
and with his refusal to Lisue a general order on the
subj:-ct, and distrusting his assurances that measures
should be taken to prevent a recurrence of the scandal,
deputed three of their members to wait on the PRE-
SIDENT at the Elysee, to request him to countermand
the review fixed for the 10th inst. The PRESIDENT
declared that it was impossible to comply with this
request, but pledged himself that nothing should
occur to occasion the slightest uneasiness. It appears
that General D'HAUTPOUL at first treated the interro-
gations of the Committee with unbecoming levity, and
was even so unguarded as to give the following reply

to M. Dorm'. interrogatory :-" Similar questions are
asked in the Charivari. They are there in their pro•
per place, and you ought to leave them there."
This answer drew forth a severe rebuke, both from
M. ODILLon BARROT and M. DUrIN. The latter
said " Monsieur le Ministre—La legeret6 de vos
paroles n'est pas faite pour nous rassurer." (The
levity of your answer is not calculated to restore
our confidtnce).
General D'HAUTPOUL then assured the Committee
that no seditious cry had been uttered in his presence.
The PRESIDENT of the Assembly asked General
D'Havreour, if he did not think that the cry of " A
has le Prt sident !" was a seditious cry, and whether,
in the event of its being uttered by the soldiers, he
would not only not tolerate it, but would take the
most severe measure to enforce respect for discipline
and for the Constitution ? If that was the case—and
he could not doubt it—the cry of " Vive l'Empereur"
was fully as seditious as that of " A bas le President."
The Minister of War replied that he had not
beard the cry of " Vive l'Empereur !" that, besides
that, he thoroughly disapproved of any such cry, and
that he could not imagine that the Committee could
suppose that be had authorised any cry of the kind.
Addressing himself to General CUANGARNIER, the
Minister added—" Let the Commander-in-Chief of the
army of Paris be asked the question if he (General
CHANoARNiER)gave any such permission or authority?"
General CHANGARNIER begged General D'HAUT-
POUL to observe that, in his quality of Commander-
in-Chief of the army of Paris, it was not before the
Committee of Prorogation that he was bound to give
explanations to the Minister of War; and that, in his
quality of representative and of member of the Com-
mittee, the Minister had no right to put any such
question to him.
General DE L AMORICIERE then addressed the
meeting, and demanded of the 'Minister of War
what he intended to do as respected the future,
and suggested that the Minister of War should issue
an order of the day reminding the troops of the ne-
cessity of respecting discipline, and the law. General
D'HAUTPOUL, however, peremptorily refused to issue
any order of the day, and contented himself with re-
newing to the Committee his protestations that he
blamed the cry which created so much uneasiness and
susceptibility, and he promised that no seditious cla-
mours should henceforth be uttered by the soldiers,
or tolerated by him.
The Committee took note of the protestations and
promises of the Minister, and recorded them on their

dition to the present number of electors, but nothing
like a just or fair proportion comparatively with her
population and resources, and one totally inadequate
to any amended system of constitutional representa-
tion. The Security for Advances Bill, with some few
amendments, we should like to see receive the sanc-
tion of Parliament, as we think it would eminently
tend to secure the efficiency of the Bill for the Sale of
Encumbered Estates.
Of the Bill for the Sale of Encumbered Estates our
opinion has been fully and frequently given to the
public. We fully agreed in the wisdom and policy
of a measure which we thought calculated to exchange
an embarrassed proprietary for a wealthy one by a
cheap, simple, and speedy process. We indulged in
the sanguine hope that English capital would have
flowed into Ireland, but up to this moment we have
been unable to discover that any English capitalist
has vested a single shilling in any purchase under the
provisions of this Bill, and we have seen that sales in
several cases could be effected by the entire sacrifice
of the interest of both the inheritor and puisne creditor.
Upon this subject we have seen a moat startling
manifesto from Mr. THOMAS O'BRIEN, late stipendiary
magistrate for the North Riding of Tipperary,
addressed " to the Tenantry of Fairfield, Kilmore,
and Cloyboy." It may be natural that Mr. O'BRIEN
should feel sore at the prospect of losing the ancient in-
heritance of his fathers, but we think he has pursued
a very unwise course in issuing to his tenantry this
inflammatory and incautious document. If the pro-
perty of Mr. O'BRIEN be in the market, and must he
sold, surely it is most imprudent to stick up this
scarecrow to frighten away purchasers already too
timid. It is notorious that Englishmen have hitherto
refrained from investing money in Ireland from the
strong notion that life and property are not suffi-
ciently secure in that unfortunate country, and we
must say that Mr. O'BurEN's appeal to the feudal
feelings of his excitable tenantry will not by any
means tend to remove this feeling from the minds of
cautious Englishmen. , Indeed we will candidly con-
fess that we should deem him a bold man who would,
under the circumstances, bid for Fairfield, and we
cannot for the life of us see how this can at all sub-
serve the interest of either creditor or inheritor.
"To await the coming of the stranger at the old gate-
way during the short days and long nights" is, in-
deed, but small inducement to the capitalist, and we
trust Mr. O'BRIEN will either disavow the document
or re-consider his rash resolves. Our space will not
permit us to-day to enter into the consideration
of the monster grievance of Ireland—that griev-
ance which nearly absorbs all others in the
magnitude of its importance the land ques-
tion ; for until the relations between land-
lords and tenants be fully and fairly adjusted, by
the interposition of Parliament, there can be no hope
,eace or prosperity in that ill-fated land.

minutes.
It would seem to be the fate of the severe aspirants
to monarchical or quasi-monarchical power in France,
to have their respective causes irretrievably damaged
by the blunders of their supporters. General D'HAUT.•
POUL is the BARTHELEMY of the Bonapartists, and his
conduct before the Committee is as damaging to
Louis NAPOLEON as was the circular of Wiesbaden
to the Comte Ds CHAMBORD. As though to back up
the blunders of General D'HAurrouL, we have a re-
velation made us by the new law of the press, which
shows the poverty of the intellectual support at the
service of the PRESIDENT. There is a long article in
the Pouvoir, full of abuse of the Committee
of Permanence, and of
.fulsome eulogy of
the PRESIDENT. This article, which extends over
three columns, is signed GRANTER DE CASSAGNAC ; and
in the Constitutionnel we find an article of four co-
lumns on the same subject, similarly signed. M.
GRANTER DE CASSAGNAC Was, it will be recollected,
the editor of M. GUIZOT'S journal, the Epoque; and
the gentleman at whose house, and with whose pistols
the " practice" took place before the fatal duel between
DUJARRIER and DE BEAUVALLET ; in connexion with
which duel the Viscomte D',ECCIUILLEVY, GRANTER DE
CASSAGNAC'S friend, was covnicted of perjury; during
the course of whose trial GRANTEE DE CASSAGNAC him-
self was Beverly reprimanded by the court for at-
tempting to intimidate the witnesses for the prosecu-
tion by threats of violence. The advocacy of this
gentleman is not calculated to promote the interest of
any cause. LOUIS NAPOLEON may with truth exclaim
" Save me from my friends."
Each day brings forth its press prosecution for a
violation of the Tinguy and Laboullie clause; the
Univers is to-day to be added to the list of the pro-
secuted.
The whole of the fleet at Cherbourg has sailed for
Brest.
The ship of the !ine La Ville de Paris was launched
at Rochefort on Saturday, with fell success, and with
extraordinary pomp. There w ere more than 2,000
people prese.nt.
The Nepaulese Ambassador arrived at Marseilles
on Saturday last.
PARIS BOURSE, OCT. 9 —Latest Prices—Five
per Cents , 91f. 90c.; Three per Cents , 57f. ;
Bank Actions, 2,275 f.
gUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON S I'OCK EXCHANGE, Ocr. 9.
Boulogne and Amiens, B%—Great Indian Penisula, 134
Luxembourg,. ur
France,
Orleans and Bordeaux o 114 Namur and Liege, 8 Northern of
3traBbourg, Rouen and Havre, 1' 251;1—Paris and
014—Sambre and
Meuse, 3.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sia,-1. enclose my card, and beg to offer 101. to-
wards a subscription for offering a reward for the dis-
covery of the other policeman who was engaged with
Sergeant Eaton Bushell in the horrible murder
which was perpetrated on the unoffending young
man Geary ; and I beg to suggest that all the news-
papers in London give the case as it appeared at the
time in which this infamous transaction took place,
and the name of the magistrate who was on the bench
on that occasion.—l am, Sir, &c.,
P.
llamsgate, Oct. 8, lB5O.

MONTGOMERYSHIRE ELECTION.—The election of a
Member for the representation of the county of Montgo-
mery, in the room of the late Right Hon. Charles Wynn,
has been proclaimed to take place at the Shire-hall, Maebyn-
lleth, on the 11th inst. (Friday next). The only candidate
that has appealed is Mr. Herbert Watkin Williams Wynn,
nephew of the deceased Member. Mr. Wynn comes forward
on the Conservative interest, and it is understood that his

„.. _
election will be entirely without opposition.
DESTRUCTION OF A LARGE STEAMER BY FIRE.,
By the arrival in the river yesterday of the William. Mr.
Darras, master, from Quebec, the authorities at Lloyd's have
received intelligence of a large •sized steam-ship being de-
stroyed by fire on the banks of Newfoundland on the night
of the 13th ult. Unfortunately the name of the ill-fated ves-
sel has not been ascertained, or whether the passengera and
crew succeeded in preserving themselves.
MEMORIAL TO THE LATE BARONESS ROTHSCHILD.
—At a public meeting, held last evening at the Sussex Hall,
Leadenhall-street, an address of condolence was voted to Baron
Lionel de Rothschild, M.P., on the death of the Baroness de
Rothschild; and it was also resolved to found by Subscrip-
tion a rpetual scholarship in the Jewish Free School, to b
called "pe The Hannah Rothschild Scholarship,” in commemo-
e
ration of the deceased lady.
THE WRECK OF THE ROYAL GEORGE.—Oa Wed-
nesday, the 2d of October, died at Woodford, near Berkeley,
in the county of Gloucester, Mr. James Ingram, proprietor
and landlord of the Fox Inn, in that village. Mr. Ingram
was 93 years of age, and was the last survivor of the crew of
the Royal George, which sank at Spithead on Aug. 19, 1782.
His escape on that memorable occasion was almost mi-
raculous; he was below at the time the vessel capsized, but
was fortunate enough to get out at one of the port-holes.
ards th
the bottom.
life, caught
By hold
a
desperate his
foot
As he was swimming to the shore one of the persons who was
effort
oar
tn d
he dragged
freed
on board at the time of the accident, and who, like himself,
himw as
tstrugglingow
himself from the deadly grasp, one of his shoes having
come
in the struggle, and by this means .he was releasnedet9mrome
rel
ic
to perilous situation ; the other shoe he retained as a
to his dying day. Before reaching the shore ha saw a
wo-
man struggling in the water, and being an expert swimmer
he brought her safely to land with him. Mr. Ingram had
seen a great deal of service, having been at the siege of Gi-
braltar when it was attacked by the combined fleets of France
and Spain, and also in many naval actions. His sight and
health were remarkably good up to within a short time of
his death. Deceased was well known to travellers on the
old coach road from Gloucester to Bristol, as the coachmen
used frequently to pull up to allow their passengers to see
a veteran whose life had been marked by so miraculous an
incident.
FOREIGN CATTLE.—The steam-ship Diana, arrived
from Harlingen, has brought 283 pigs as a part of her cargo,
which is the largest importation of this description of live
stock that has taken place from the continental state of Eu-
rope on one occasion, in addition to 116 beasts, 89 calves, 850
sheep, and general provisions, altogether a very large cargo
of Dutch produce; and the steam-ship Tiger, just arrived
also, from Tmaningen, has brought the extraordinary large
number of 235 head of oxen and cows, and also 20 sheep, the
produce of Denmark.
LORD BROUGHAM AND THE SOLWAY ACT.—PEN-
EITH, TU%SD.AT, OCT. 8.- The illegal netting transaction
which took place on the I.6th'ult:, at Nine Kirk Holme, in
the river Lamont, and which created so much interest and
excitement, was this day brought to a final termination, so
far as the magistrates are concerned. It will be remem-
bered that on the investigation of the affair at the Petty Ses•
sions held at Penrith on the 24th ult. five informations
- t others under different Acts of Parliament) under
(amongst against Lord Brun ham's
the Solway Act were preferred g
Party for using an illegal net in the river Egmont, and that
.one of them, according to an arrangement between the par-
ties,was only investigated, and that the magistrates took
tini to consider the evidence and to give their dveredecision,
which, befote a full bench of magistrates, was deli by
the Rev. W. H. Milner, vicar of Penrith, at great length.
The result was that Armstrong, one of Lord Brougham's
party, was fined LI. ander the Solway Act.
CAUTION TO STEAM-BoAT PASSENGERS...n-00
Tuesday evening Mrs. Anne Coleman, of :-)0, Queen-street,
Horselydown, Southwark, was landing at the London-bridge
Steam-packet Wharf from a steamer, who
h
n in er anxiety
i to get ashore before the vessel was pr erly secured, she
' slipped overboard between th©
vessel and dummy, and
owing to the darkness sunk and was drowned. She has lett
a numerous family to regret her untimely end. •
CAUTION TO-THE PUBLIC.—On Tuesday evening,
as early as a quarter-past nine o' Cock, a middle-aged gen-
tleman, in passing through Great George-street, West-
Juins.ter, was hustled by a part% of men and a w omen, in ap-
pearaece a servant-girl. The woman pretended to be an-
noyed at the lade joke of being;thrust against the gentle-
man. He was thrown to the ground, and in falling thought
he observed the party making off in different directions. As
soon as he recovered his feet he found one of his hands and
one leg above the knee were considerably bruised,
and, on
lookirg for his purse, that it was still in his packet, but that
lii3lvatcl,, an antique repeating one, and a small dark cor-
li Dr an geld seal, attached by a ribbon to it, were gone.
From the indistinctness of his recollection allow long he was
.upon the ground, though probably ( nlv part of a minute, it is
supposed that chloroform or some similarly deleterious agent
was used in aid of the dexterous hand that stole the watch.
GREENLAND FISHERY.—The Eclipse arrived at
Peterhead on Saturday, being the last of the Buchan fleet
from Greenland. The Eclipse has 10 whales, 95-tuns of oil,
and a trifling number of seals. The Greenland fishing has
been very successful this season, and the consequence is,,
that a decided impetus has been, given to the trade, no fewer
than four new vessels being added to'the fleet for the coming,
year. , •

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.
The Cologne Gazette states the loss of the Schles-
wig Holstein army, in the late unsuccessful attack
upon Friederckstadt, to have been at least 500 men.
Up to the 7th there had been brought into the hos-
pitals
cf Altona 161 wounded. The 6th battalion
penetrated into the town, and reached the Block-
house, from whence it was driven back with terrific
loss. The Schleswig-Holstein army occupied its old
position on the 7th, but it was supposed they would
withdraw, as they cannot complete the investment
of the place so as to cut off its communication with
the main body of the Danish army.

HOLLAND.
OPENING OF THE SESSION OF THE
STATES-GENERAL.
The opening of the Assembly of the States-Gene-
ral of Holland took place at the Hague on the 7th
instant. His MAJESTY pronounced the following

speech :
" I am happy to behold myself once more surrounded
by the elect of the people.
Our relations with foreign Powers continue on a
friendly footing.
" In the difficulties which have arisen in Germany, as
regards Limburg, we follow the steps indicateu by
treaties and the interests of the Netherlands.
" Our foreign trade is prosperous. The recent changes
in our navigation laws will, we flatter ourselves, serve
not only to increase our own energies, but they will
strengthen the bonds of good will and fruitful relations
with other Powers.
Th'e Republic of Venezuela, conformable to the
commercial policy recently adopted by that State, has
_denounced the treaties of commerce and navigation with
the Netherlands. The Government endeavours to ob-

viate any prejudice that might arise from that measure
to our commerce. Meantime, that Republic has satis-

fled the claims and complaints addressjd to it by us on
other causes.
" The army and navy honourably fulfil their duties.
" A law on the salaries and pensions, advancement,
and retirement of military officers, will be submmitted
to you.
" Suitable reductions in the naval administrations
and establishments will provide means for increasing
our naval force next .year without additional outlay.
" Preparatory measures, which promise good results,
have been adopted for the formation of a better system
of national defence; that question has been the object
of my solicitude for some time.
"The state of our colonial possessions is satisfactory.
Projects of law for the regulation of our colonial inte-
rests will be presented during the session, according to
the fundamental law. . .

" The position of affairs at home is of a nature to in-
spire us with courage and satisfaction.
" A reduction in the price of many of the principal
articles of food, in consequence of the abundant harvest
of last year, has greatly contributed to the relief of the
poorer classes.
" Some districts have suffered considerably from
storms and inundations during the winter of last year.
These disasters, which, thanks to Providence, spared
other districts which were threatened, brought forward
public benevolence in its brightest aspect. This assist-
ance, which I invoked, gave relief wherever relief was
wanted, and those untortunates who could not help
themselves were indemnified for their losses as much
as possible.
" If, according to anticipatory reports, the harvest this
year is only a middling one, other symptoms of a more
stable nature present themselves.
" The cultivation of waste land continues uninter-
rupted; agriculture, generally speaking, is making pro-
gress scientifically and in production; development is
visible in our trades and manufactures; many branches
are in a flourishing condition; the means of communi-
cation by land and by water are constantly increased,
and favour the growing activity of our internal com-
merce.
" I am seriously occupied with plans for facilitating
our communications with neighbouring states by the ap-
plication of the invention of modern science (railways).
I shall ask your aid for this purpose during the present
session.
" The state of our rivers demand precautionary mea-
sures and suitable improvements. In the budget which
will be shortly presented to you this question will be
especially recommended to your particular attention.
" Bills are ready on the communal law, on the poor•
laws, and expropriation, on the grounds of public uti-
lity. These Bills will be presented to you without delay,
as also Bills on the right of meeting and association,
on Ministerial responsibility, and the new judicial orga-
nization.
" The new provincial representation which has as-
sembled in all the provinces has zealously commenced
the important task entrusted to it.
" The situation of our finances is satisfactory. Nearly
all the sources of the revenue of the kingdom respond
largely to the provisions. This circumstance, added to
the results of an economical administration, holds out the
prospect, unless unforeseen events should occur, that the
excess of the budget will amply cover the remainder of
the deficit of a previous year.
" Bills will be presented to you for a reform in the
system of taxes, and of the execution of Articles 122 and
176 of the fundamental law.
" I confidently hope that, in the examination of all
thee important questions, you will give proofs of that
spirit of union which, with the blessing of Providence,
will enable us to accomplish what the country expects
from us."
On leaving the Assembly the ICING was loudly
cheered.

Consols ...
Ditto Account
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
8 per Cent. Consols Anns 96%g,
India Stock
Do. Bonds, 1000/. BB 89 p
Ditto under 1.0001 BB 85 p
Consols ,for Account
Exchequer Bills. 1 1,4 d. 2d.
March. June.
65 68 p
65 68 p
65 68 p

1,0001...

500/. —
Small
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Buenos Ayres Bonds, 6 per Cent :-.8% 571,E
Mexican 80m48,1846,5 per Cent., Coupons
Ditto Ex Jan. Coupons
Ditto Account
Peruvian Bonds, 41x4 per Cent
Ditto for the Account 791/,1 x d
Russian Bonds. 1822,5 per Cent llO
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent...—.
Ditto Passive Bonds 33/4
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Dutch 21,E per Cent., 12 Guild
Ditto Account . 57114
Ditto 4 Der Cent. Certificates

AIOINEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS dull and Selby 5O
CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. Ditto,Halt Shares .. ...... 25 ....- 4814 .. ... to
Ditto Quarter Shares 12% — ...... to
The !ales of C.Aton at Liverpool yesterday were esti- i_ ancaster' and Car1i51e......... 50
mated at 5,000 bales. The market clostd with more .Do , Thirds
animation, and prices of all kinds were firm. The sales Lancashire and Yorkshire...loo - ... to 493 A
comprised 200 Pernr.m and Maranham at 7i-d. to 8-0-; Ditto Quarters -
150 Bahia at 8.1-d., 200 Egyptian at 80. to 9d., 400 Ditto Fifths lO ..... 2:(3
Surat at sd. to 6d., and the remainder American.—ln Ditto-Thirds lB ......
Railway Shares a good business was done, but the market Do., New Guar. 6 per cent. 10 -
closed rather easier. Do. (Rudders. and Shelf.) 50
The six weeks' average price of Wheat is 425. 103. Do., WestßidingUnion... D1A..... ... -to
Leeds and Bradford ............ 50 ..... . to
per quarter, and the sales officially reported last week
Leeds and Tffirsk ...- ......... 50
amounted to 117,025 qrs. Do. do.,Preter.' 6par Cent. 6 . to
Accounts have been received from South Australia by Ditto," ditto... No. 217 . — dis.... to --
a vessel arrived direct to the 10th June, and from Maio- Ditto, ditto ..... No. 3 5
land to the Ist June. The former colony was doing well, Do. Pref. Quarters. 1848... 9
and there appears to have been full employment for the LiyerpooLCrosby,andSouth-
labouring population. It is curious to remark, however, port..
how much capital must be needed even in this flourishing London & 51ackwa11......114 65.3 d 6%14 .. to
possession, or how large must be the profits of trade, London, Brighton,&S.Coastloo
for we find discounts quoted at the rate of 25 per cent. Do. Guarnteedsper Cent. 9 . .....
lYe., I rsfeential sper Ct. 50
per annum, and the premium on gold two per cent. D't -.t ' P - ' ...."
o. di to .
,18a2 50 ..... • to
The rate of exchange at 30 days was 2 per cent.
Do.,New gun. opr ~t.... 100 • — to
premium for Bank bills on London. Burrs Burrs shares
London and Greenwich-. 1`11.15x. 4d... . to •••••• -
were at 159/. Ditto Preference 2O
From Maitland we learn that trade was rather dull, London Is North Western.....loo ......1151,
and that the newly arrived immigrants did not appear Do. New Quarters
to have found engagements so readily as vim t xpected. Do. Fifths l2 .....
Samples of gold had been discovered in the Batbhurst Do. 101. ... M. and h. (C.) 1
district. London and S. We5tera.......100
The Amsterdam Bourse was heavy on the Bth instant, Ditto, New 504
Do
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. were 56 5.16. Ditto. New 404 34
~ New Preference
Alterations in the Swedish tariff, affecting principally
Londonderry and Coleraine... 25
Hemp and Flax, came into operation recently by virtue Do. Half Shares
of a law passed July 18. Londonderry and Enniskillen 25 —
A very curious development of the principle of Do.,Half Shares

assurance is contemplated at present, upon the basis
of a plan tried with great success in France,
being the guaranteeing of debts, or assurances against
failures, and which is represented as having rendered
the greatest possible benefits to trade through an un-
paralleled period of commercial calamity. The precise
objects are explained in the following supposed case:—
" A creditor under ordinary circumstances may be
seriously embarrassed by the failure of a debtor, say to
the extent of cue thousand pounds. If covered to a
certain extent by a policy (the premium en which
may be paid in the first instance by the creditor for
the sake of convenience, and charged by him to
the account of the debtor), the creditor re-
ceives the insured proportion of his debt from
the company at the period stipulated in the policy, and
gives, in exchange, an assignment of his claim on the
estate of the debtor, with the option of selling to the
company the dividend on the remaining portion of the
account, which be had taken at his own risk ;
for instance, a debtor failirg to a creditor for
1,0001., and his estate being safely estimated
to produce ss. in the pound—assuming two-thirds of the
amount to have been covered by guarantee—the creditor
would receive 750/., being the amount insured, in addi-
tion to the dividendeon his own uncovered portion of
the liability. The following results ensue : The
widening circle of alarm and actual commer-
cial distress usually caused by re-action, receives
at this early 'stage a timely and effectual check. The
embarrassment of the insured creditor being prevented,
his means and credit are maintained—a sacrifice of his
property is avoided—his operatives are continued in
employment, and his creditors receive protection by vir-
tue of his own insurance, whilst the essential moral
restraint on the part of the insurer is still pre-
served, so as to secure protection to the interests
of the company. The necessary caution on the part of
the company will be found to act beneficially to the in-
terests both on the part of the insurers and the insured.
If a failure has resulted from an avoidable misfortune,
the company will guarantee a resonable offer of compo-
sition, for the purpose of winding up the estate in this
form ; but not for the purpose of carrying on
the trade. The insolvent is spared the alter-
native of application to private friends for
suretyship, and the creditors receive a speedier and larger
dividend under composition than under bankruptcy. If
gross fraud has been committed,.the special clauses of
the Bankrupt Act are enforced, not by the obnoxious
opposition of a private individual, but by the judicious
interference of a public company. A creditor may
hold no policy, and his debtor may become insolvent.
The estate may be administered under assignment, com-
position, inspection, bankruptcy, or insolvency. The
company would purchase the reversion of the dividend,
assist the creditor in proof of debt, and take an assign-
ment of the future dividend."
The East India and China Association have made up
their statement of the number of British ships entered
inwards and cleared outwards from and to places within
the limits of the East India Company's charter, from the
Ist January to the 30th September, 1849 and 1850, end
this shows an increase of 25,352 tons inwards, and
45,639 tons outwards.
The English Funds are looking up, and have rallied
full per cent. Consols have been done at 96/ and is and
are now 964 y for Transfer, and 97 buyers for Novem•
ber. The °pink nis rather favourable in the market,
Exchequer-bills have been quoted 655. to 685., and India
Bonds 88s. to 896. premium.
Foreign Stocks have been very dull. Spanish Three
per Cents. are nominally 38-i e, and the Five per Cents.
184 Mexican Bonds have been at 314 Buenos
Ayres have been 57} to 514. Dutch Two-and-a.llalf
per Cents. are 571 to 4.
In answer to au inquiry from the Committee of Spa-
nish American Bondholders, Messrs. Baring, Brothers,
and Co., have stated that after completing the payment
of the dividend due June, 1848, on New Grenada Bonds,
they will have 6,2001. surplus, and they expect to realise
a further small sum from the sale of some bullion, avail-
able for future dividends.
The la,t week's railway receipts, ascertained up to
this day, are in round figures as under:-
1850. 1849.
Great Western £17,720 £15,863
North-Western
South-Western 11,682 10,301
Brighton ....
Midland
South-Eastern
North Staffordshire
Caledonian
Railway Shares are tole' ably active, bat scarcely so
good as yesterday. The Great-Western, Midland,
South-Western, and South- easter, are most affected.
York and North-Midland, and some others are higher.
QUARTER TO THREE.
... 96f
... 961 i

BUSINESS DONE IN RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK
RAILWAYS. I'AID. PKB. Smuts.
x berdeen
Ditto, Preference .. ....... .. 8i
bnlyer., Notting.,Boston,&c. 81,4 2
kyrshire and Galloway 7% to
Betfast and County Down .. 32 .. .. --
3erks and Hants Extension
(Gt. West. L'erpet.s per ct.) 6
4irmingham & OxfordJunct.,
calls duly pd, or with guar. 20
Do., without a guarantee... 20 .
Birmingham,Wol.,& Dudley,
calls duly pd. or with guar. 15
Do., without a guarantee... 15
Birming., Wol., & Stour Val. 131.14 s —
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and
Cheshire Junction 26 -
Bristol and Exeter 100
3uckinghamshire
-laledonian • ...... ...... 50 ..... 8 %...... to
Ditto, New 10/, Preference 10 ......
Ditto. Clydesdale Junction 50
3hester and H01yhead......... 50 ..... 1014 to
Ditto, Preference
Ilarence
)iroct London & Portsmouth 514 to

Dublin and Bel -,st Junction.. 45 - _
..
... to
Dundalk and Enniskillen ... 30
East Anglia, 251. L. & E.,
aad L. & D -
Ditto, 18/., E. & H lB „. ..
Do, 3/. 1D5.,6 p. Ct. Pref. 3% ISAN.. to
Do.. do. (51.) 7 per Cent.
Preference
Do, 71.175., 7 per Ct. Prof 2 - ..... to
Eastern Counties ..„.
Do. Eaten., 5 per ct. No. 1,6/. 132.4 d — P to
Do., do N0.2,6/. 133.4 d.. % p...... to
Do. New Pref., 6 per Cent.. 10 ...... 11% to
Do., Northern & Eastern... 50 ......
Do., 5 per cent.
Ditto, New
Eastern Union, Class A (late
E. U. Shares) ... .. 25 ...... 7 ...... te 6711
Ditto, ditto, Class A, ditto 6 ..... .
Ditto, ditto, B&C .. .... .25 ...... 4% to
Ditto Scrip (gua. 6 per ct.) 20
East Lancashire ..... ......... 25
Do., New Quarters ......... 6lj — to
Do., 6 per Cent. Preference
Quarter 5hare5........... 61,4 —
East Lincolnshire, guar. 6 per
....... ... ............ ... 25
Cent..
to
Edinburgh and Glasgow 5O —
Edinburgh, Perth, & Dundee 25 ......
Ditto, New port.. ........ .. 15
Exeter, Yeovil, & Dorchester 2% — ..... to
Exeter and Exmouth 2ls.
Glavg., Dumfries, & Carlisle..Bl. 6s.Bd — ..... to
'4lasgow, Eilmainock, 84 Ayr 50 — to
Do. Preference Consolidated ..... to
Gloucester and Dean Forest.. 16
Groat Northern . 25 —— in to 14
Do. L,4 A Deferred ..._ ... 124 4% to
Do. 4B 6 per Cent.
Do., 5 per Cent. Pref....... 1221 A%
311:...:2...x....
........
tttttooooo
TI
Gt. South. & We•t. (Ireland) 50
Ditto, Eighths ... •
Great North of England 100 ...... _
Ditto, New 406 40
Ditto, New 30/.
Ditto,New 15/...... .... ..... 315°
Great Western ........ .. .. —lOO ...711/1 71 7
• DA to 701 i%
Do. New 171
...

L ewestoff, guar. 4 per ct 2O - to -
Ditto (guar. 6 per cent. ... 13 - to -
Manch Buxton, & Matlock 54. l% to -
11anchr, Sheffield, and Linc.loo - -
Ditto 14 Shares( No. 1) ... 25 ...... - .. -
Do., New 101. Preference.. 10 ..... - -
Ditto. Man. & Lin. Union 41. 25.... -
Midland.... 100 ...... 44% to 44
Ditto, Conso. Preference...loo
Ditto. 501. Shares ..... ...... 85 -
oilid!and,Birm., and Derby...loo ... - ...... to -
Midland, Consol. Bristel and
Birmingham, 6 per cent.... 100 124 ...... to 1231,
Midland, Bristol and Glouc. 46 ... - ....- to -
Ditto ditto 291.165. 6d .. - to - "
Ditto,ErewashVal., Pref... 50 - ...... to •-• '
Midland, Leices. and Swan-
nington (S per ct.gua.)....100 .... . - -
U i did. Great Western (Irish) 47% - to •-•
Middlesbro' and Redear. 6
per cent. guar. .. ... 50 - to ....
gewca st le and Carlisle lOO •••••• - -
Ditto Quarter Shares •••••• 25 ... .. --•
Newmarket
Ditto Extension Scrip... 21. 12e - to -
Newport Abergy., and Heref. 6 ...... - to -
Newry and Enniskillen - ....•• to --
Newry, Warrenpoint, and
Rostrevor .......... ......... 20 . -. ... .. to -
Norfolk lOO .„„.•... - ••• I. to ....
Ditto New 90/. l5 - ..•••• to -
De. Extension .. ... ...... ... 20 - ••• •• to -
Do. Guar. 5% per cent... 5 - x.i ... to --.
Do. do. Waveney Valley.... 2 - .....• to --
Northern Counties Union ... 4 - to -
North British .. - ...... .. . 25 ".... 71414.- be
Ditto. Preference ... 5 - x.d... to -
North Staffordshire... ........ 17% 7%1... to -
North Western l7 - to -•
i )xford, Worcester, and Wol-
verhampton -
Preston and Wyre - -
Do. Half Shares (A) 10% -
to -
Reading, Guildtd., & Reigate 18 ... 18X 54 x.d to -
Royston and Hitchin ..... .. 614..... 7% to --
Do. Shepreth Extension... :1% ..... - - - to --,
Feottish Central
Scottish Midland ..- .......
Ditto,New 221,4 - -
Shrewsbury and Birmingham 134 - dig.... to ---
Ditto, ditto, Class B. 9% - 774 din. to 8
Ditto, New Guaranteed 8 -
Shrewsbury and Hereford .. 5 - .. .. to --
Shrewsbury and Chester
(Nor. D. &lin. ) - ...... to --..
Ditto Halves. Ditto lO ..• .. - -
Ditto, Oswestry 2O ......:- -
Ditto (New)... -
Ditto 8 per Cent. Pr0f....... 10 .. ... - -
Shropshire Uni0n....., 614..... 21,04 x.i to -
South Devon 1 5O ...... 11 ...... to --
Ditto, Preference ...... .. - to -
South Staffordshire 81,4 -
South Eastern
Ditto, Registered No. 4 lO - ..
..... to --
South Wales
...... to
South Yorkshire, Doncaster
and Goole l5 -
Sheffield, Rotherham, and
Gook (N. I)) Gua. 5 perct. 181,4 - ... .. to --
Do. do. (South Div.) 6 - ...... to -
Swans. and Loughor and Ca-
•
meron's Stm. Coal ..... .... . 10
raw Vale Extension ........ 9%,..... - -
Thames Haven Dock and
Railway .... 17% - -
Vale of Neath .. .....,.. 13 - t-.
-
Waterford and Kilkenny 2O . - -. to
•-•
Waterford and Limerick ... .. 471,4... .. -
Waterford,Wexford,Wieklw,
and Dublin .. 3 - ...• .to -
Wear Valley, 6 per Cent. ~•
Guaranteed ...... ..... 5O ...... - ...... to -- '
Do. do. do. -
Do. do. do. - -
West Cornwall 7% -
Nhitehaven and Furness 2O ..... - ..... to --•
Windsor, Staines, and South .
Western... . . 1.4 - ...... to ••••
Wilts, Somerset,& Weymouth t 0 ..
York, Newcastle, and Berwick 25
Do. and Newcastle Exten. 20
-
Do. G. N. E. Pur. or Pref.. 9
Dc. do. -
Do. do. - -
Do. Hartlepool Dk. & Ely. 100 -
York and North Midland ... 50
Ditto. Preference lO -
FOREIGN RAILWAYS. •
knglo Italian (late Italian
and Austrian) - to ...--
Boulogne and Amiens ...... ... 20 .. ... 8% to -
Central of France ( Orleans
and Vierzon) -
Demerara. ............ 1714.
Dutch Rhenish .... ...-' .•• to -
East Indian ... . .... . ....... 8 ....„ 3A ii to -
9
Ditto
, ...
...... to -
Great Indian Peninsular 2,,v ... .. ... - ...... to ---•
6••..•. -
Do. Do 154 t. -.-
Louvain dla Sambre ......... 7% - ...... to --•
Luxembourg ... 8
Ditto
NO 10 •• ••• 1% to --,
Madrid and Valentia - . i,.. to •-•'
Namur and Liege.....
to -r
Northern of France l6 -
Orleans and Bordeaux ... .. 7 ... - - :co -
Paris and Orleans 2O - ••• ••• to ....
Paris and Rouen 2O -
Paris and Strasbourg ......... 14 ....., 7%% to ..--
Rouen and Havre - .. ..".to ---
Sambre and Meuse -
Strasburg and Bale ..... ..- l4 ~.... - -
Tours & Nantes ... ... .. 14 - O. •• to 11.1..
Tourney, Jurbise, Landen,
and Hessen - •..... to --
West Flanders B% - ...... to •-•