The Sun.
London, England, 1844-04-16 00:00:00

HAMBURGH MAIL.

BERLIN, APRIL 9.—We cannot conceive how the
public journals can speak of the conclusion of a com-
mercial treaty between the States of the German
Customs' Union and the United States of North
America,. though it has not yet been laid before the
American Government, nor to all the States;
it seems that there are points in which the American
Minister at Berlin and a Minister of foreign
affairs, are, in.some degree, agreed; and this agree-
ment between two diplomatists, each of whom, how-
ever, has a superior authority, to which he must refer,
has been sent to America. Now, we would ask, in
the first place, what the gentlemen in the New World
will say, for, as far as we can learn, they have by no
means authorised him to conclude a commercal treaty,
but have instructed him to make favourable arrange-
ments, and to send them to America, on which, after
they have been duly examined, a decision will be
made; and, in the second place, what will the States
of Customs Union say, which surely have a right to
be heard ?

STOCKHOLM APRIL s.—By a Royal resolution of
the 30th of March, there is to be a religious service
in the church of Sweden on the Bth of May, in
memory of the late King. This ordinance is signed by
the Minister Bishop Hemlin, and the spirit which is •
manifested in it, may be judged of by the text, which
sermons are to be preached from on that day : Job, iii.,
24, 26. Maccabeus iv. 20, 21. Jeremiah xxxi., 21.
The Duke of Leuchtenberg did not arrive here till
half-past three o'clock yesterday morning. He
crossed the sea from Finland in sledges. It will
probably be a considerable time before his suite can
arrive. Conformably with the strict application of
the existing Swedish laws, the Swea. Court of justice
has sentenced M. Nilson, a master painter, for having
embraced the Roman Catholic religion, to banish-
ment from Sweden, and to the loss of all hereditary
and civil rights in his own country.
M. Eckermann, merchant, has failed for 297,000
dollars, in consequence of the crisis in the iron trade.
It is said, however, that the assets amount to 250,000
dollars.

GOSLAR, APRIL 3.—The oldest inhabitants do not
remember such a mass of snow as now lies on the
Upper Hartz. In the mountains where the snow fell
among the pines, and has not been driven away by the
wind, it is now an average of 16 feet deep, and in
some places 30 feet. If we should have warm weather,
and rain at the same time, we may expect that much
damage will be done.—.Hamburgh Paper, April 12.

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•
• THE LA.TII FATAL ACCIDENT AT THE 'D-OTEI3.
RAILWAY TERMINUS.--it is the intention of Messrs. Fox and
Henderson, the contractors, to pay the whole of the injured
men their full wages until they are enabled to return to their
work, as also the inneral expenses of the uufortunate man,
May.

THE AFFAIRS OF OTAHEITE.
REAR-ADMIRAL DUPETIT THOUARS TO THE
MINISTER OF THE MARINE.
On board the Ileine-Blanche, Nov. 15, 1843.
Monsieur le Ministre,—Being less hurried to-day, I shall
now have the honour of writing to you enclosing the details
of the affairs of Otaheite. I sent you an exact account of the
state in which I found them and I will now make you
acquainted with the events which have occurred since the
acceptance of the Protectorate. Unheard- of intrigues have
taken place, not only to induce Queen Pomare to contravene
the treaty, which she entered into of her own proper accord,
to which he even solicited the consent of the great chiefs of
the Archipelago in SaPtember last lyear, but even to obtain
the annulment of the treaty, or to prevent its execution, by
creating such obstacles as to make it believed that violence
and outrageous proceeding had been had recourse to by
us towards the Queen. In order to explain the situation of
Otaheite, I am forced to recur to the past, even to a very
distant period—that of the ministry of Mr- Canning. At
that time the whites had so increased in the Society
Islands, that the missionaries, who, as all the world
knows, are chosen from the very dregs of society
in London, and taken from among labourers, such as black-
smiths, carpenters, and others of the same class, not being
sufficiently enlightened to make good :laws, capable of
serving as the base of well organised society, licknow-
hedged their incapacity, or the chiefs acknowledging it for
them, thought it necessary to address themselves to the Go-
vernment of Great Britain, which was at that time almost
the only one of which they had heard, and prayed his Bri-•
tannic Majesty to take them under his protection, and to
grant them the British flag. The Admiralty was then con-
sulted, and its opinion being that the accession of that archi-
pelago to the Crown of England would be more onerous
than profitable, Mr. Canning, the Premier and Minister of
Foreign Affairs, replied by a refusal, but a polite one, as may
be conceived, for it was necessary to palliate so harsh a pro-
ceeding.
Who would think that this proof of a disinclination to
serve this poor people, which begged it in order to escape
from their state of degradation, would one day beCome the
title upon which Britain would vindicate Its title to the
dominion of these islands ? It is, nevertheless; that which
has happened; and that pretension, such as it was, was the
foundation of the conduct of the English officers, who thought
themselves entitled to interfere in matters which did not
concern them. It is true, however, that the English Govern-
ment, better informed, did not assert that ridiculous preten-
sion, which could not have the shadow of a right ; and, in
fact, it is more logical to infer, from the refusal of protection
by England, that she recognised the right of Otabeite to
claim protection where it liked. I acknowledged that it
was this consideration, so simple and so natural, that decided
me in not refusing the Protectorate which was offered. I
was well convinced that our situation in the Marquesas would
draw British naval officers to endeavour to establish them-
selves in Otaheite, and It gannet be doubted that without the
flag of the Protectorate, the flag would have been hoisted
before the King could determine upon the subject. That
which, on the other hand, proves that our rights are real, is,
that they were at least partly respected ; without that, the
English would certainly have planted their standard on that
archipelago ; not being able to do so, they determined to use
other arms. But whatever they did, the truth is as clear as
light, by the tranquil exercise of our Protectorate for four
months. Every one at Otaheite was glad to see justice at
length established, where anarchy, assassination, theft, and
all the other abominable vices which drunkenness and de-
bauchery bring in their train.
The letter of the Queen to the Provisional Government,
dated the 16th December, 1842, and the letter of the same
date which she wrote to the Regent, to complain that he
did not sufficiently support the measures of the Provisional
Government, were these letters drawn from the Queen by
fear ? Evidently not. We had only two officers there,
without troops or ships. Are these letters, on the contrary,
not a free acquiescence in all that had been done ? Let
them produce the instructions given by Sir George Gipps,
the Governor of New South Wales, to Commander Sullivan,
of the Favourite, and the report of that officer on his return
to New Holland, and it will be seen that, having been
sent to Otaheite to gather complaints against us, he heard
nothing but eulogising on our administration. This I learnt
from Captain Lavand, to whom he said it. What more is
necessary to be convinced of this ? To me it appears nothing,
because the light of day cannot be denied. We had neither
land nor sea forces to act; two officers were sufficient, because
all was done with the consent of the Queen, the chiefs, and
the people.
The troubles at Otaheite recommenced at the arrival of
the Talbot, in January, 1843. The officer commanding that
ship not being able to erect the standard of England on these
islands, as he intended, created discord, and endeavoured, by
the aid of the missionaries, to make the Queen recal her most
formal acts and sacred engagements. From that began the
intrigues, which did not end till my arrival. All means were
put in play, either to embarrass the Provisional Government,
or to obtain concessions for themselves, in order to create a
title, if not real, at least apparent.
A short time after the departure of • the Talbot, Mr.
Pritchard disembarked from on board the Vindictive, and did
not:wait till she arrived at her anchorage. He was put on
shore at the nearest point, and preached immediately a cru-
sade against us and against the Provisional Government.
" It is necessary to eject it (said he), and to abolish the Pro-
visional Government ;" and he called the natives to arms.
All this is proved by letters written by Englishmen, espe-
cially by Mr. Smith, in answer to the commander of the Vin-
dictive, who required information as to the facts. They are,
besides, confirmed by Mr. Salmon, an Englishman, and bro-
ther. in-law of Queen Pomare, who saw and heard from that
time all the harm that the councils of Mr. Pritchard did to
his sister-in-law and her family.
The period of the arrival of the missionary Consul was sig•
nalised by a redoubling of the disorders. It was then that
the pavilion de fantaisie was thought of, which they obliged
Queen Pomare to adopt, notwithstanding her engagements
with France. It would be too long to show how the com-
mander of the Vindictive conducted himself with regard to
us. Every act of his showed his hostile feeling to France.
One day he requested, or rather he informed us, under the
form of request, that he was going to put a man on shore to
guard some articles which he was about to embark for re-
pairs. He first put a soldier on duty without uniform, then
one in uniform without arms, then an armed soldier, then
two, afterwards three, and at last eight or ten. Another
day he said he was going to send a sailor, to see if he could
discover a ship which he expected. Shortly after the sailor
was seen carrying a signal post. In short, there was soon
established a regular signal post; without regard to the con-
vention between Queen Pomare and France. He did the
same in everything. All he did was a succession of attempts
and encroachments on us.

After my correspondence with Captain Tucker, your Ex-
cellency will understand what was the real object of the
encroachments of the captain of the Vindictive. That
officer evidently tried to give them all their weight. But
it appears to me that the claims made by Captain
Tucker, of establishments unduly conceded to the captain
of the Vindictive, raised an important question, which is,
what right the Queen had to make concessions of this nature
to a foreign Power; having, previously to those acts, com-
pletely and irrevocably transferred the internal sovereignty
of the Society Islands to his Majesty the King of the French.
It appeared evident to me that she had no such power, and
that floor the day she signed the treaty she had definitively
renounced all direct relations with foreign Governments, and
that, consequently, every act of that kind being necessarily
vicious in its origin, ought to be null and void.
It is easy to see that by all these means Captain Toup
Nicholas only thought how he could get his country to take
part against ours. All respect for the independence of sove-
reigns and the rights of nations were set at nought by him.
Nevertheless, he would have undoubtedly thought it very bad
and unjust that any Pow'er should have interfered in China
after the treaty made with England. Yet that was his con-
duct to us. Still further, when he paid ridiculous honours to a
flag invented and established as a sign of the renunciation of
the treaty, did he not interfere directly in affairs to which he
eught to have remained a stranger, and is it not a potent de-
monstration of his hostility to France? 'What treaties will be
possible or binding if such interference be allowed ? This flag,
which was paid so much court to, only because, not being
able to hoist the English flag, he hoped it would one day
become an obstacle to the organisation of the Protectorate,
so that we should be necessitated to pull it down, because It
was established as a signal of revolt against the treaty, '
would cause a kind of conflict, from which it would be in-
ferred that we had broken the treaty because we had been
obliged to do more than it provided for, and that it would
also give the opportunity of drawing very logical conclusions
to cry out against the oppression of the poor Queen Poniare,
and to give to our acts a colour of odious persecution, and at
the same time of complaining loudly of our insatiable ambi-
t tion. In short, the truth is that it was thought by
this means an opportunity would arise of raising all Eng-
land against France.
Mr. Pritchard endeavoured to frighten the Queen by say-
ing that I wished to carry her away to France. The object
was, that as in these isles exile is considered a worse punish-
ment than death, the Queen should be forced to seek an
asylem in his house from which he would not allow her to
come out even to receive me. He had the pretension to wish
that the affairs of Otaheite should be conducted in his con-
sulate ; and when the Queen, in spite of him, received me at
her house, I learned that she had determined to pull down
his flag, but that Mr. Pritchard, by besetting her, made her
recal that decision by promising her that if we pulled do‘vn
our flag, he would pull down his, and that his would be again
hoisted if the flag of Queen Pomare would appear at the
same time. Mr. Pritchard, however, did not pull down the .
flag of his consulate till nearly half an hour after the fancy ,
flag of the Queen had been pulled down, and replaced by
that of France. But soon afterwards he thought of making
the Queen pay a visit to the Dublin frigate, in order to have
an opportunity of re-hoisting this mystic rag, and of having
it saluted with twenty-one guns by that frigate, which, be-
fore my arrival, had already saluted it. But very fortu-
nately I was informed in time of this new and insulting
provocation, and I succeeded in preventing the execu-
tion of it by writing at once to Capt. Tucker on the subject.
n_
Although this report is already very long, I do not think
I' have yet told your Excellency all that it is necessaersyen
should know ; and I think I cannot de better h
Lieutenant Reine to France, in order to give infoeremtaadtaieotn to
s
the Government. He is a lieutenant w
,itheaio.
Governor of Otaheite has been so honohneragsheo,
notwith-
standing the difficulties of his position, what does not ap-
peargiums from all parties. He metsethat with
will explain the Government
aid to
clear, and
be
will
evidheentsltayte of civilization of those
estimate at 'its just value t
people, and to .makeknowntheirr
evidentea lwan
that the
hey
English
go on any longerte
them by themselves; that is very evident to
those that know h
; but,
t is also
abandon this archipelago, in orderg
may seize upon it
themselves, and .establish them-
selvei in our place.
that they twhaneyt to force us to
Di.
.geine is a distinguished officer, who has given un-
doubted proofs of his honourable character, and he merits
not only the confidence of Government, but to be "worthily
recompensed for the lionout- which his conduct has brought.
upon our service.
AS a resume of the facts, and in order that the time of their
succession may be known, I have to addreas One word. • •
Arrived alone at Otaheite on the Ist of 'November, and
moored at Papeiti, where found the French-corvette L'Em-.
buscade, which had been stationed hi'. this port since June,
and the English frigate Dublin, which arrived on the Ist of
October. Admiral rhomas was not on board. .He had re •
mined at the Sandwich Islands. The day I anchored I noti-
fied to the Queen the acceptance of the protectorate by King
Louis Philippe 1., the full and entire ratification. of the treaty
of the 9th of September, 1842, and I announced the future
arrival of the Commissioner named by the King to reside
with her. I wrote the same day to the foreign consuls to
communicate this news.

I passed the 2d in inquiring into the state of affairs, and
I ascertained that the councillors of the Queen had deter-
mined to maintain a flag which they had made her adopt
since the signature of the treaty of 9th of September, 1842,
and which they had raised, solemnly as a sign of hostility to.
that treaty, after the arrival of the Vindictive. I then de-
termined to make the Queen take a part more in conformity
with her honour and her engagements, to write to her to
direct her to take down that flag, which I could only regard
as an insult to our national dignity 'mid to "biing her to a
determination more piomptly, I announced to her on the
3d that the Protectorate flag not being sufficient to gua-
rantee our rights against strangers, I shoUld be under the
necessity of replacing it en hll the points of protection by our.
national flag. Conformably with this intimation, our na-
tional flag was hoisted on the morning of the 4th, on the
island of Wilton-010A wad lifabuicacle,

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