The Sun.
London, England, 1844-11-12 00:00:00

No. 16,299. LONDON, TUESDAY, EVENING S rel Ny NOVEMBER 12, 1844.

PRICE sd,

THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE a (MOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the 'AFTERNOON TRAIN 3
and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that flour.
ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL Ti ,E THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuri,s, a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
The TRANSFORMATIONS of PROTEUS will be illustrated
by the PROTECis'COPE for the first ihne on Monday, Nov. 11, and
continued with other novelties during the week. The PHYSI(WCOPE,
OPAQUE MICROSCOPE, IYD LECTRIC MACHINE,
DIVING-BELL and DIVER, DISSOLVING VIEWS, Dr. RYAN'S
LECTURES on ACID POISONS and their ANTIDOTES daily, and
in the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays. Professor
BACHEOFFNER'S varied Lectures abound in interesting experi-
ments.

Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.
The revised CATALOGUE, with the addition of Three Hundred
Works of Art recently deposited in the Museum. Price Is.

PUBLICATIONS.

SUPPLEMENT TO URE'S DICTIONARY.
This day, Svo., with numerous Wood EngraNin:„s, 14s. cloth,
RECENT INI ttO VEME NITS in Alt
MANUFACTURES, and MINES; being.a Supplement to
his Dictionary. By ANDREW URE, M.D., F.R.S., /cc.

By the same Author, lately published,
A DICTIONARY of ARTS, MANUFACTURES, and MINES.
Third Edition, corrected, Bvo., 1,240 Woodcuts, 2/. 10s.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

F. MPLOYMENT.—Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
or the sale of their celebrated teas.

Offices, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopsgate-street.
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a
pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but
ittle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only l ls. per
annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or loss.
Application to be made (if by letter post-paid) as above.

NE W WORK BY PROFESSOR LOW.

P11'11,3110,1 this day, ivo., with numerous Engravings on Wood, 2h.,
ON LANDED PROPERTY, and the Economy
of Estates : comprehending the relation of Landlord and Te-
nant, and the Principles and Forms of Leases; Farm Buildings, In-
closures, Drains, Embankments, goads, and other Rural Works ;
Minerals ; and Woods. By DAVID LOW, Esq., F.R.S.E., Professor
of Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh, &c. &c.
By the same Author,

57, STRAND'!!
WELLINGTON BOOTS, the very best, to
measure, ONE GUINEA.

E. STUNT-

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNIIILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investiation declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts inv on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

Bonne Bonus in
added. Cash.

Premium.

X s. d.

I.£ a. d

1837 170 9 3
74 E 4 1838 144 2 2
1839 116 16 0

Z a. d.
77 5 1
64 5 6
51 5 11

gro

00.:04.
&6-zs
40'

X s. d.
12 3 9
9 16 4
1711 9

X s. ds
346 2 3
296 13 4
247 4 5

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year. _ _

Thie institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to bornw, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.

F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Soc.

LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITIES.
The following are Specimens of the LOW RATES of PRE-
MIUM charged by the AUSTRALASIAN COLONIAL AND
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY COMPANY.

Age• • . .

Annual Prem.

£1 10 3

£2 0 7 „i 2 15 3 ..£1 1 8f L 6 3 9

and of these Premiums one-third may remain unpaid in the hands of
the Assured, at interest to be deducted from the sums assured, when
they become claims.
Peculiar facilities are afforded for the assurance of the lives of per
sons proceeding to or residing in Australasia and the East Indies.
Immediate and Deferred Annuities are granted by the Company,
on very favourable terms, and it is a peculiar feature in its constitu-
tion, that Annuitants participate in the profits.

DIRECTORS. •
E. Barnard, Esq., F.R.S. Gideon Colquhonn, Esq.
Robert Brooks, Esq. C. E. Mangles, Esq.
Henry Buckle, Esq. Richard Onslow, Esq.
John Henry Capper, Esq. William Walker, Esq.
SECRETARY—E. Ryley, Esq.

For prospectuses and other partii
Illshopgate-street, corner of C.rnhi

iculars, apply at the offices, N 0.126

PROMOTER LIFE ASSURANCE and AN
NUITY COMPANY,
9, CHATHAM-PLACE, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON.
Established in 1826.
This Society is supported by an ample subscribed Capital, and by a
considerable accumulated premium fund.
Assurances are effected at a low rate of premium, without profits,
or at an increased premium, with participation in the profits of tho
Office.

ELEMENTS of PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE. Fourth Edition,
Bvo., 215.,

. ,
The BREEDS of the DOMESTICATED ANIMALS of GREAT
BRITAIN. 2 vols. 4t0., with 56 Coloured Plates, 161. 16S.
An ENQUIRY into the NATURE of the SIMPLE BODIES of
CHEMISTRY. flvo., Gs.

London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman&

SIR BAPTIST HICKES'S CHIMNEY-PIECE.
A Double Number of

THE BUILDER, consisting of 32 closely-
printed pages, for Saturday, Nov. 9, contains—A Cycloptedia
of the Now Building Act, arranged Alphabetically, with References
and Counter-references, to the several sections of the Act, by A. Bar-
tholomew, Esq., F.S.A., Architect ; with Engravings of Sir B. Hickes's
Chimney-piece in the Middlesex County Sessions House, and of Inigo
Jones's Staircase at Amesbury, Wilts ; Architectural Planning, with
references to celebrated existing examples by Sir C. Wren and Sir J.
Soane ; notices of Contract Tenders, and other interesting matter.
Office, 2, York-street, Covent-garden ; and all Booksellers.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERSALL'S.-YESTERDAY.

The quotations quoted below are made up to the close
of the room, but as they vary in some respects from the
betting in the early part of the afternoon, it will be as
weli to give a list of the principal transactions :-1,100
to 100 agst Alarm ; 1,700 to 100, twice, agst the Irish lot;
800 to 50 and 900 to 50 agst hedger, 25 to 1 agst the
Cobweb colt—the takers willing, but, fur want of layers,
unable to go on ; 35 to 1 several times, and in one bet
1,000 to 25 agst Young Eclipse ; 2,000 to 45 agst Clear-
the-way ; 1,000 to 25, taken freely, agst The Laird o'
Cockpen ; 1,000 to 20, several times, agst Cabin Boy ;
1,000 to 20 agst Twig ; 2,000 to 30, twice, agst
Dust ; and 1,500 to 15 agst Seaman. The Rebecca colt
and Newsmonger were not priced, and Fitzallen, al-
though backed once at 28 to 1, declined several points,
and left off without friends. The final averages were as
follows :

DERBY.
16 to 1 agst Forth's lot—taken
16 to 1 agst The Irish lot
11 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Alarm
16 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Kedger
22 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Cobweb colt
25 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Pam (Bro to E. 0.)
25 to 1 agst Lord Stradbroke's Ides
25 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Old England
33 to 1 agst Mr. Ilesseltine's Fitzallen
35 to 1 agst Mr. Coleman's Young Eclipse
35 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Weatherbit
40 to 1 agst Duke of Richmond's Laird o' Cockpen—t
40 to 1 agst Lord Glasgow's Miss Whip colt
45 to 1 agst Mr. Ferguson's Clear-the-way—taken
50 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Twig—taken
50 to 1 agst Mr. Lintott's Cabin Boy
50 to 1 agst General Yates's Seaman
50 to 1 agst Mr. Coleman's Devil's Dust
2000 to 35 agst Colonel Cradock's Jinglepot—taken
1500 to 100 agst Old England and Weatherbit.
A match for 100/. was run on Liverpool 'la-NJ-course
on Saturday last, between Deerslayer, ridden by Mr.
Bretherton, and Jack, ridden by Mr. Wilde, and won in
a canter by the former. The distance was two miles.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.
The following has been received at Lloyd's, from the
Hydrographic-office _

A Bonus in ready money, at the rate of 15 per cent. on the pre-
miums received (equivalent to a reversionary bonus of about 30
per cent.) was declared in May, 1842, on all beneficial policies on
which three annual premiums had been paid in the December
previous
A division of the profits takes place every five years, and the hold-
ers of beneficial policies can receive their bonuses In ready money, or
have them applied in augmentation of their policies, or in reduction
of their future premiums
Assurers may contract to pay their Premiums either in one sum, in
a given number of payments, in annual, half-yearly, or quarterly pay-
ments, or on the ascending or descending scale.
Officers of the Army and Navy, on active service, Persons afflicted
with chronic and other diseases, and such as are going beyond the
.mits of Europe, are also Assured at moderate rates.
Prospectuses and all necessary information may be obtained at the
Office. MICHAEL SAIVARD, Secretary.

Admiralty, Oct. 25, 1844.
REVOLVING LIGHT ON THE ROCK OF

COGAN and GILLO'S NOVARGENT, or
SILVER SOLUTION, re-silvers worn-out Plated Articles,
by immediately depositing a Coating of Pure Silver, and Preserves
and cleanses Silver, Plated ware, and German Silver. It is used
with less trouble than the ordinary process of cleaning, and is war-
ranted not to contain Mercury or anything injurious. It has been
highly approved by Dr. Ryan, Professor of Chemistry to the R.yal
Polytechnic Institution ,and other eminent Chemists and Silversmiths.
Sold wholesale by Barclay and Sons, 95, Farringdon-street, London ;
and by Joseph Rodgers and Sons, 6, Norfolk-street, Sheffield ; and
to he had in bottles, with full directions, at Is. and 3s. each, of all
the flincipal Chemists, Silversmiths, and Purn4shing Ironmongers in
the Kingdom.
Beware of Imitation.—The genuine are all signed on the wrapper,
oy I. D. COGAN and R. GILLO.

HORIZONTAL WATCHES, VERY FLAT.
B. SAVORY and SONS, 11'atchmakers, 9,
Cornhill, London, opposite the rank. Price, in Silver
Cases, Three and a-Half Guineas elch ; or, in Gold Cases, Six
Guineas each. lhese Watches are accurate and durable, the Hori.
zontal Escapement being peculiarly suited to combine those im-
portant requisites. They are jewelled in four holes, and continne
going whi e being wound. A twelvemonth's warranty is given
with each.

PUBLICATIONS.

TIIE BEST ALMASACK FOR 1845.

NOW ready, 64 pages, handsome quarto, gilt edges (no advertisements),

with Eighty Engravings, price only la., the
ILLUSTRATED LONDON ALMANACK,
AND PICTURESQUE CALENDAR, FOR 1845.
With a Frontispiece, and 12 Allegorical Illustrations of the Months,
&signed by KENNY MEADOWS, and engraved by LINTO.N ; 12
Sporting Scenes of the Months ; Natural' History of the Months, 12
Engravings ; 30 Illustrations of the Astronomica Phenomena of each
Month of the coming year ; the Time-Ball at Greenwich (8 Illustra-
tions) ; Two New Comets, &c. With the most copious Calendarial
Anniversaries ; original Explanation of Phenomena ; Sports and Na-
tural History ; New Domestic Inventions; Lists, Tables, and a
greater variety of information and seasonab'e entertainment than is
to be found in any other Almanack. The wrapper is beautifully
printed in colours ; and the artistical execution of the entire Almanack
entitles it to a place upon every drawing-room table in the empire.
Published at the Office of the Illustrated London News, 195, Strand.

VIE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body, what improve ;
Truths as refined as Athens even heard."
The Fiftieth Thousand. Forty Engravings, price is., by post, 15. 6d.
N CHASTITY—its Abuses and isesses—On
tJ nttrimonial Eligibility and Unfitness—On Infelicitoos and
Unproductive Unions—Curiosities of Medical Experience—Law o
Divorce, &c.
By It. J. CULVEItWELL, M.D.,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Licentiate of
the Hall, and twenty-three years Resideat Practitioner in London.
human ills and frailties I discourse,
Those taught by nature and by art acquir'd.
Of griefs conceal'd, and disappointments keen,
Which young and gentle—the matured and sage—
The lonely and the mated—all sustain ;
In kindly spirit herein coups:Ts given,iness
How health, how hope, how happ to gain."
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street ,
Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Author, 21,
Arundel-street, Strand.—A home daily till Two : Evenings, Seven
till Nine.

LAMERT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
" He who its pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or yeuthfu lcharms,
A here lives, and justly can
Exclaim, In me behold a man I"
Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 2s. 6c1.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. 6d..
SELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinkinga, Anxieties ~.and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Deliente. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon,
9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD.SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecary's Hall, London,&c.
" Thr various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent Privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
throne the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself ; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
"Long experienee in the treatment of s class of diseases hitherto
neglected and most imperfectly understood by the great bulk of the
medical profession, has enabled the writer to prove that there are
conceale I causes of Nervous Debility in exi tence, where the mere
routine practitioner would never dream of finding them ; trace .ole
to certain habits. forming the most secret, yet deadly, and f al
springs of domestic misery, and premature mortality."—Wakefield
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-rew • Starie, 23, Tichberae.street, Quadrant, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63. Oxford-street; Noble, 114, Chancery-
lane; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till 'l'hree. and from live till Eight.

ON MILITARY PUNISIIMENTS.
(Abridged from an article on:Military Hygiene, in the
London Medical Gazette for o;:tober.)

To maintain due control in the British army, to
check military delinquencies, and enforce obedience,
it has been deemed expedient to employ terror- striking
punishments of various kinds.
When we look at the returns of punishments in-
flicted, it can hardly be concluded that the means
hitherto adopted to promote discipline in the army
have been very successful. On an average, about 20
per cent. of the troops serving in the colonies and
foreign dependencies are annually convicted by the
sentence of a court •martial, and punished. " Habitual
drunkenness" constitutes about two-fifths of the whole
number of convictions. " Desertion," and "absence
without leave," are the most prevalent crimes among
troops employed in Great Britain and Ireland. In
1839 no fewer than 2,110, being nearly equal to one-
fifth of the number of recruits annually raised, were
convicted and punished for these two offences.
The frequency of delinquencies in the army has
been commonly attributed to the circumstance, that it
is recruited from an inferior class of the population,
by which means uneducated and low-born persons
are admitted into the ranks. How far this surmise
is well founded, it is difficult either to prove or to
disprove. Considering, however, the unfavourable
opinion entertained by the public in regard to the
army, the onerous duties and thraldom of soldiers, and
limited remuneration thes_r_cceive. for long ancl:ardw---
°us services,l46:riallin a k more prudent and better
class of men are likely to beCOme soldiers.
The British army consists of two very distinct
classes, namely, officcers and soldiers. One class is
trained to command, and the other to obey—obedience
being the most essential elements in military dis-
cipline. _ _

The crimes of soldiers chiefly arise from the con-
stitution of their profession. To disregard the verbal
order of a commissioned officer, or even of a non-
commissioned officer—a corporal, for example—is in-
subordination, and renders a man as liable to be tried
by a court-martial, and punished, as if he were to
commit a breach of the Mutiny Act or the articles of
war. Soldiers are also liable to be punished for con-
structive offences, such as alleged disrespect to a su-
perior officer. It is difficult, therefore, to escape from
the net of military law, its meshes being closed
against the exit of the minutest fry of delinquencies.
A court-martial may sentence a soldier to suffer cor-
poral punishment, not extending, however, to " life or
limb, for immorality, misbehaviour, and neglect of
duty." The vague generalities of this article literally
annul the benefits of a written code.

`Well-educated persons, individuals whose parents
belong to a respectable class of society, and who have
undergone careful moral training, find the thraldom
and usages of the service as
,i,rksome, and are as liable
to military " misbehaviour, as the uneducated and
low-born class of soldiers; perhaps they are, indeed,
more liable to fail in respect to their immediate su-
periors, whose conduct they may consider arrogant or
oppressive.
When so much is left to the arbitrary will of
officers, in regard to the delinquencies of soldiers, it
will appear that the welfare and happiness, and I may
add the efficiency, of a body of troops, will be greatly
influenced by the discretion, good sense, humane dis-
position, and experience, of a commanding officer.
Every one admits that the poor ought to be educated ;
but it is of more importance that the rich—in other
words, those in high station—should be well in-
structed; for if their principles were right, and their
practice wisely conducted, the institutions and cus-
toms of society would eventually be somewhat puri-
fied and improved. The doctrine of expediency, and
the plea of custom, regulate weak minds ; and how-
ever well-intentioned routine commanding officers
may be, they are liable greatly to abuse the power
with which they are invested.
Experience seems to prove, that crime is more
effectually prevented in civil life by the diffusion of
information, good moral training, kind treatment,
and an easier mode of gaining a livelihood, than by
the most severe punishments. May we not therefore
presume, that offences may be prevented in the army
much more effectually, by raising the character of
soldiers, ani by meliorating their condition—by
making them, in fact, prefer the public service to the
situation of labourers, or artisans in civil life—than
by either corporal or mental punishments ?
It has been often observed, that extremely severe
sentences, such as capital punishments, defeat their
own object ; they certainly fail to prevent desertion.
During the American war of 1813 desertions from
our army to the United States were frequent; and to
prevent this, men who were caught in attempting to
cross the boundary line were executed : six were shot
in one day, but without any beneficial effect. In
order to show with what indifference individuals met
death, and by inference how little influence this
punishment had in preventing crime, the particular
circumstances which attended the execution of one
man may be stated. " A private," says Colonel
Campbell, then Brigade-Major of De Meuron's regi-
ment, " was to be executed. The troops were formed
in three sides of a square ; at the other side, towards
the forest, the grave was dug, and the coffin for the
criminal to kneel upon upon such
was placed, as usual
occasions, beside it. The provost, with the firing
party, escorting the prisoner, and with the band of
the regiment at their head, playing the Dead March,
entered the square—when, to my surprise, there
proudly marched the prisoner, coolly smoking a cigar.
Seeing the bad effects likely to result from such
evident contempt of death, painful as it was to me, I
called the provost, and ordered him to take away the
cigar from him. On approaching the grave, the
prisoner walked quietly but steadily forward, looked
into it, and turning round to me, said in French, 'lt
will do.' He then walked up to his coffin ; and before
I was aware of what he was about, with his middle
finger and thumb he measured its length, and turning
round to me, he said in French, which his corps
generally spoke, It will do also.' He refused to
permit his eyes to be covered, pushing the provost
aside, and exclaiming in French, I am a brave soldier,
and have often looked death in the face, and shall not
shrink from it now.' The, pbruotv ohs te made
replied,si g to
prefer him
to kneel upon his coffin
anti
nin i
launs
tirnasttiaonnt
of het
hcee as st
re
ide t
nto e s es xoi sftm."—i
t(a`r`yAlaßwriatinsh
Army as it was," &c., p. 95 d
standing, and shall do so firmly.' The party fired,
.)
Imilitary usages, when compared with the laws which
regulate civil society, I have subjoined an account of
the execution of a very remarkable man.
Private Flanagan, regiment, was a fine-look-
ing soldier, about six feet one inch in height. He
had excellent natural talents, and had received a
tolerably good education. lie had acquired a know-
ledge of Latin, and could speak the French language.
When the regiment went to India, he was in a short
time able to communicate with the natives in several
of the languages of the country. Although Flanagan
was a smart clever soldier, he was liable to commit
slight breaches of military discipline, and his name
was consequently sometimes entered in the defaulter
boas. Being a man of high spirit and violent temper,
c
is otf-m for offering
his
arm. Flanagan
he could ill bear the reproaches of the
pushedhea
djutantht, who
ad-
jutant
repeatedly censured him for his irregularities. On
one occasion he became so irritated with the rebuke
hv
ve, a
s w af os receiving,frrtuhhim
thtried
that
violence to the adjutant, and sentenced to suffer death.
When the sentence was communicated to him, he
simply observed that he thought the award of the
with
bt y the
e he
a impatiently
backour
court was severe. On the day of the execution he
preserved the most remarkable firmness, and con-
ducted himself with the strictest decorum. The
square having been formed, he, by permission, ad-
dressed the company to which he belonged. Having
reached the fatal spot, the fort-adjutant commenced
to read the proceedings of the court-martial ; but
having lost self-possession, his tongue faltered, which
being observed by Flanagan, he addressed him by
saying, " I see, sir, that you are agitated ; pray allow
me to read the proceedings for you." No notice was,
of course, taken of this offer. He then begged that
he should not be blindfolded, and that he might be
permitted to give the word of command to the exe-
cution party; both of which requests were granted.
He finally gave the word of command, with as firm 41
voice as a sergeant-major is accustomed to do on a
drill parade. Flanagan s untimely fate took place
in June, 1828, at Trichinopoly.
Another example, which occurred lately, on a
foreign station, may be given for a similar purpose,
namely, to illustrate the rigs ur and practice of
military law. Private ll—, 1 elongi ng to the
regiment, was brought before the captain of his com-
pany for having been drunk, and ordered the trifling
punishment of two or three days' drill, when he gently
struck this officer's shoulder, exclaiming at the same
time, " There is no a, death for me. The man in
question was of highly respectable extraction, and a
graduate of one of the English Universities. He
drew up what he inteoated as a defence, but was dis-
suaded from the avowal of the sentiments and dis-
closures it contained, by some benevolent persons, who
thought it might operate against him. The purport

THE LATE STORM.
EXiiIBITION OF FALSE LIGHTS.
(From the Berwick Advertiser.)
Since our last we have had very boisterous weather.
The wind which blew freshly from the east on Wed-
nesday last week, continued for several days increas-
ing in fury, and at intervals was accompanied by
heavy rains. The sea became more and more agitated
with the continuance of the high winds, and, from
Thursday last week until yesterday, our harbour was
all but inaccessible. With the exception of a foreign
galliott ►which entered on Tuesday and encountered
very great risk, there were neither arrivals nor de.
partures at our port within the period mentioned.
The Manchester steamer, which left London on
Thursday morning, arrived in the bay at two o'clock
on Saturday morning, but the state of the sea on the
bar prevented her from entering the harbour, and the
violent gale rendered it dangerous for her to remain
in the bay, so that after firing a signal, she ran for
shelter to the Frith, and came to a safe anchorage op-
posite Charleston, where she remained until this day,
and is at present hourly expected here. .On Wednes-
day afternoon the Tweed showed symptoms of flood-
ing, and the several vessels in the harbour increased
their warpage, a precaution the necessity of which
was proved next morning, when the river was swollen
and rolled along with great impetuosity, strewed with
pieces of timber, bushes, and other articles, showing
that the water in its course to the sea had risen above
the usual limits of the river. On Wednesday night
the wind seemed to have exhausted its fury; it was
then succeeded by a very heavy rain, and next morn-
ing was exceedingly mild. The wind veered slightly
to the south, and the storm on the coast gradually
abated. No serious disaster is ascertained to have
occurred. On Sunday there was picked up by some
fishermen on the Magdalen fields shore a piece of the
stern bulwarks of a vessel, having the name " Era"
on it ; and on Wednesday night a similar plank was
also there picked up with " Harvest" painted on it.
This latter appeared very old, and as if it had been
long in the water: and we trust they are not indica-
tions of any recent shipwreck. We have in another
paragraph noticed a vessel dismasted in the Fair-way,
opposite the Fern islands. Besides that loss, the brig
Iris of Whitby with grain from Dantzic suffered ship-
wreck at Boulmer at 5 P.M., of the 2d instant. The
crew were saved by means of the life-boat through
the exertions of Lieutenant Brunton, of the Alnmouth
coast-guard station. The schooner Graham, of Perth,
Sweeny master, bound to Blythe from Rouen in bal-
last, came on shore north of Wark worth at 8 P.M.,
of the 3d instant, crew saved. Portions of wreck
and a boat came on shore at the Craster station, and
are supposed to have belonged to the Elizabeth, of
Moulden, W. Cole, master. The materials found are
very old. At the caves near Emanuel Head, at Holy
Island, portions of wreck and a boat have come on
shore. They have no name nor mark on them, but are
supposed to have belonged to a foreign vessel.
Rumours of other wrecks have been current, but the
above comprise all that have been communicated by
the authorities at the coast-guard stations, and we
are disposed to conclude they are all that have
occurred on our coast. We have heard that on
Saturday, Sunday, and again on Wednesday night,
two lights were observed on shore near Hudshead,
which were calculated to mislead persons in charge
of vessels at sea, and give rise to serious consequences.
We therefore hope the circumstance will be inquired
into, and that the parties showing these lights, through
inadvertence it may be presumed, will be made aware
of the fault they have committed, and the necessity of
guarding against it in future.

of what he intended to express was this: that he had
been suspected of writing a letter in a newspaper, re-
specting the state of the regi:nent, some two or three
years ago, and that he had ever since undergone such
unremitting persecution, as rendered life intolerable,
and he therefore, by the commission of this crime,
hoped for death, as a termination to his sufferings.
He did not name any one as his persecutor, but in-
tended merely to remind the court, that rational beings
were not in the habit of acting as he and others had
done, without some cause. This man was sentenced
to eight years' imprisonment with hard labour, and a
month's solitary confinement every four months.
Had private H-- committed suicide, instead of
making a show of striking his captain for the purpose
of being put to death, a coroner's inquest would, I
think, have returned a verdict of temporary insanity.
It is notorious that this man sought death as a release
from continued suffering.
Flogging has been long the principal secondary
punishment in the British army. In the early part of
the last century it was inflicted by means of rods, and
by hired executioners ; but that mode having fallen
into disuse, the present system was adopted, namely,
by drummer with the cat-of-nine-tails. During the
rebellion in Scotland in 1745, the cat was much em-
ployed by the army, to extort evidence, as well as to
punish soldiers. We learn by the Jacobite memoirs,
that a sentry, who had been convicted of allowing a
prisoner‘ to escape,..repeived 500 lashes with it.
The -punishment '6f flogging has Nen employed
and defended, apparently as if it were calculated to
expiate or atone for crimes. Flagellation was no
doubt approved by public opinion, so long as it was in
accordance with the prevalent religious ideas. The
Church pointed out corporal inflictions as a means of
salvation ; and the repentant sinner believed, that by
penance and bodily suffering, he should recover peace
of conscience.

LISBON.

The Portuguese Government has given notice that the
light on the Cape la Roca, or the Rock of Lisbon, has
been altered from a fixed to a revolving light, each re-
volution being completed in two minutes. During the
first minute it will present a red light, the greatest in-
tensity of which will tontine thirty seconds ; and during
the sbcond minute it will present a bright light, the
greatest brilliancy:of which will also continue thirty-one
seconds.

Corporal inflictions were not then disgraceful, they
being considered to possess an expiatory character.
But this belief in the efficacy of flagellation and se-
vere fasts has long disappeared. Public opinion in
our day brands the punished criminal with an almost
indelible disgrace ; and perhaps the degrading cha-
racter of corporal punishment is more sensibly felt in
the army than in civil life, owing to the circumstance
that it is exclusively inflicted on private soldiers.
Even those who defend the suitableness of flogging as
a punishment, practically admit the degrading cha-
racter of the infliction, by refusing to take a whipped
offender into the public service ; he is also liable to be
refused employment in civil life. By this means,
Prince Oscar inquires, "Is there not thus formed aclass
of Pariahs, or modern outlaws, who are obliged to
consider themselves as being in a continued state of
warfare with society ?"
For a long time the cat-of-nine-tails has not been
used in the British army except by the sentence of a
court-martial, and in the presence of a medical officer.
At what particular date the formality of a court-mar-
tial became essentially necessary, I have not learned.
In a general order, which was issued in Canada on
the 14th of November, 1759, it was announced that
"any soldier that is found drunk will receive twenty
lashes per day, until he owns where he got the liquor;
and his allowance of rum will be stopped for six
weeks."—(" Historical Journal of the Campaign in
North America," by Capt. Knox, vol. ii., p. 206.)
No court-martial seems to have been required in
carrying the above punishment into effect; and it is
obvious that the cat was to be used as an instrument
of torture, with the view of extracting evidence.
Until 1837, there was no limitation to the extent of
the sentence of a general court-martial; "bounds
were not set to show the maximum of punishment ;"
everything, in this respect, was left to the discretion
of the court. The following is the largest amount of
punishment which I have known inflicted upon a man
for one and the same crime :

In 1813 or 1814, when a wing of the Bengal Eu-
ropean regiment was stationed in the island of Am-
boyna, three men belonging to the corps were tried
by a court-martial for marauding and ill-treating the
natives. Each of the three men was sentenced to
receive fifteen hundred lashes. A punishment parade
being formed, and immediately after the reading of
the sentence, one of the prisoners sprung forward,
seized the drum-major's sword, and called upon the
men in the ranks to come forward in his favour—a
request to which they did not respond. He was forth-
with secured ; and having been lashed to the triangles,
he received the whole amount of his sentence, fifteen
hundred lashes well applied. The other two prisoners
received each the same number, equally well inflicted.
In the framing of laws rigor is necessary, but in exe-
cuting them mercy is essentially required. The
converse appears to have obtained is the above cases,
the punishment having been more severe than was
warranted by either former usage or express regu-
lation.

The light is in lat. 38 deg. 46 min. 5 sec. N., and
lon. 9 deg. 29 min. W., being 498 feet above the level of
the sea, and may be seen in very clear weather at the
distance ofeight or nine leagues.
Hydrographic-office, Admiralty, Oct. 25, 1844.

WILTS, SOMERSET, AND WEY-
MOUTH RAILWAY.

The attention of our fellow. citizens is now, we are
glad to say, fully awakened to the injurious conse-
quences that must arise to the trade and commerce of
Bristol, and of Bath also, should the scheme set on
foot by the Great Western Railway Company, for
lines of railway from Salisbury, Bridport, and Wey-
mouth, to Trowbridge, and thence by way of Melk-
sham to Chippenham, be carried out agreeably to the
proposed plan.
Fortunately for the public, the Legislature is
exercising,greater care and watchfulness, previously
to giving its sanction to any new railway specula-
tion than was the case a few years ago ; and
the Board of Trade is also exercising a whole-
some scrutiny into the merits of the several schemes
which have to seek the sanction of Parliament ;
so that a reasonable hope may be entertained
that, by making these authorities fully acquainted with
the injustice that would be done to Bath and Bristol

LIGHTS IN THE BELTS.
The Danish Government has published the following
notices :

Great Belt—A fixed light has been established on the
westernmost point of Zealand, called Reefs Nie, at the
western entrance of the Great Belt. The light stands on
a tower to the height of 76 feet above the level of the
sea, and is visible to the distance of three leagues on all
bearings, excepting those between W. N., and N.N.W.
Sprogoe's Island light revolves four times in a minute,
and in future will appear every night.
Little Belt—The fixed light on the island of Bargo
has been elevated to the height of 30 feet above the leve
of the sea, and is now visible on all bearings except tha
of S.W. by W., where it is concealed by the town o,
Bargol.
EAST INDIA SHIPPING.
Arrivals—Stratford, Tuit, from Mauritius, sailed 25th
August ; her Majesty's ship Nimrod, Glasse, from
Bombay, at Plymouth, sailed August 10, Cape Sept. 19,
Ascension October 8 ; Herculean, Gibson, from Bombay,
at Liverpool, sailed July 24 ; Symmetry, Butler, from
Bombay, at Liverpool, sailed July 15 ; Hope, Crawford,
from China, at Dublin, sailed June 5, St. Helena Sep-
tember 18 ; William Mitchell, M‘Lachlan, from China,
at Liverpool, sailed May 23, Anger July 16, St. Helena
Sept. 6 ; Indus, Taylor, from Portugal, at Liverpool,
sailed May 17, Mauritius August 5, St. Helena Sept. 6.
Arrivals in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope—City of
London, previous to 18th September, from London, and
sailed 14th to Simon's Bay ; Phlox, from Liverpool, and
sailed 17th to Mauritius ; Brilliant, Cowan, from —,
and sailed 17th to Ichaboe ; Owen Glendower, Sept. 3,
from Portsmouth ; Repulse, from Algoa Bay ; Maid-
stone, from Portsmouth ; Guardian, from London ;
Frederick Huth, from ; Mary Ann, from Madras ;
Sussex, from Java; Robert Ingham, from London ; Isa-
bella, from —; Sibelia, from Liverpool; Martha Jane
and Spy, from ; Emma, Sept. 15, from Marseilles;
Vigilant, from Mossell Bay ; Lord John Russell, 17th,
from Liverpool.
Departures from Table Bay— Harmony, Sept. 9, to
St. Helena ; Agile, 19th, to London.
Arrivals in Simon's Bay—Mobile, from Penang, and
sailed 15th Sept. to London ; her Majesty's ships Ves-
tal and Bittern, and her *Majesty's steamer Thunderbolt,
Sept. 13, from Algoa Bay; Agincourt, Neatby, from
London.

The prisoner who was first punished was subse-
quently tried for his mutinous conduct in the square
of the corps, and having been condemned to death, the
sentence was inflicted by his being shot with musketry

USE OF SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS
Mr. Joseph Sturge has published the following
letter in justification of the firm of Joseph and
Charles Sturge, corn-factors, Birmingham, not to sell
barley for malting :
To C. D., Corn Exchange, London.
Birmingham, 11th Month, sth, 1844.
Esteemed Friend,—Thy letter of the 4th ultimo
has the following remark on the notice contained in
our last Monthly Circular:—" The singular resolu-
tion you have come to, as to not selling malting bar-
ley, has been much canvassed here to-day. I regret
it much, and the more so as I can discover no good
and sound reason for it." This observation, and some
other circumstances, induce me to give a further ex-
planation why this resolution was adopted, believing
that thyself, and many other of our friends, though
differing in opinion, will not condemn a course which
results from a conviction of duty.
Intemperance produces such an incalculable amount
of vice and misery, that I consider it right to use my
influence to promote the principles of total abstinence.
This I feel the more bound to do, as nearly twenty
years' personal experience, and much observation in
this and other parts of the world, has convinced me
that fermented liquors are not necessary to health,
and that those who refrain even from what is termed
the moderate use of them, are in consequence capable
of more bodily and mental exertion, and exempt from
many maladies which afflict others.
In accordance with these views, our firm has alto-
gether declined the sale of malt, or the supply of any
grain to distilleries, and converted to other uses
cellars which many years ago we let to wine and
spirit-merchants. Our continuing to take commis-
sions for the sale and purchase of barley for the pur-
pose of malting, has for same years caused me much
uneasiness; and I have recently been so fully con-
vinced that it is wrong to do so, that I must have
withdrawn from our concern had it not been relin-
quished. The belief that we are responsible for the
means of acquiring, as well as for the use we make of
our property, and that we cannot exercise too rigid
watchfulness over our own conduct, is compatible
with perfect charity towards those who differ with us
in opinion.—l am respectfully,
JOSEPH STURGE.

—by -the proposed circuitous route to Trowbridge
and Bradford, and by diverting the northern traffic
from its legitimate course—the Great Western Rail-
way Company will be induced to reconsider its pro-
ject, and, looking not solely to its own interests, adopt
a line more in accordance with the requirements of
the public.
By the proposed scheme, the distance of Bristol
and Bath from Bradford will be increased, by rail,
no less than twelve miles ; and passengers from the
latter town, from Trowbridge, and indeed from all
the other towns on the proposed branches, going to
Bristol or Bath, will have to he carried by a cir-
cuitous route this additional distance. After arriving
almost at their place of destination, instead of finally
reaching it by a direct course through the valley of
the Avon, they will have to proceed out of their way
to Melksham and Chippenham, and then return
through the Box tunnel!
And for what purpose? Simply that the northern
traffic may be diverted from the Bristol and Glouces-
ter line to the Cheltenham and Great Western Union
Railway, the latter being the property of the Great
Western Railway Company.
To show that this is the object, axd to show, also,
its injurious tendency as regards Bristol, nothing more
is required than a glance at the plan of the intended
railway : it will be seen that the aim has been to fix
the point of junction so near to Swindon as that the
traffic thence to the midland and northern counties
shall be exclusively carried on the Great Western
lines as far as Gloucester.

Arrivals at Mauritius—Maggie, Aug. 21, from Mus-
cat, and loading for London ; Hope, 21st, from the
Cape ; Zuleika, 23d, fi om Calcutta ; Java, 24th, from
London. Loading at Mauritius for London—Ann, Fal-
con, Pauline, Houghton, Tar, Maria, and Briton.
Arrivals at Batavia—Mona and Gunga, from Liverpool.

If the public advantage and accommodation lay in
this direction, however much we might regret
the diversion of the traffic from our own locality,
Bristol would have but a weak case to present to the
Board of Trade, and one that we could scarcely hope
would be attended to, inasmuch as, now-a-days, in-
dividual and local interests cannot be expected to
have much weight in retarding any great undertak-
ing. But we have hopes that the present movement,
if followed up with spirit, will, by bringing out the
facts of the case—by showing that the line as laid
down, while it will damage Bath and Bristol, will
afford no additional facilities to the public—that, on
the contrary, many of the public, as passengers
merely, will be inconvenienced by it, while the only
party sought to be benefited is the Great Western
Railway Company : we have hopes, if these matters
be laid fairly and fully before the proper authorities,
that the plan, as far as the circuitous route from
Trowbridge is concerned (and to that, in particular,
our opposition goes), will have to be abandoned.—
Bristol Mercury.

PROPOSED RAILWAY TO SUD-

THE CRESCENT AND THE CROSS.—We are re-
quested to state that Mr. Colburn, of Great Marl-
borough-street, has this day published " THE CRESCENT
AND THE CROSS ; OR, ROMANCE AND REALITIES OF
EASTERN TRAVEL," by ELIOT B. G. WARBURTON,
Esq., in 2 vols. small Bvo., with illustrations, price 255.
bound, which can now be had of all booksellers. Mr.
Colburn has also just published :-2. Vol L of the
Nelson Dispatches and Letters, 15s. bound.-3. Major
and Mrs. G. Darby Griffiths' Journey across the Desert,
2 vols. small Bvo., with Illustrations, 21s. bound.-4. The
Third Part of Mr. Burke's Dictionary of the Landed
Gentry, 10s. 6d.-5. A new and cheaper edition of the
Voyages and Services of the Nemesis in China, &c.,
containing the only complete account of the late war,
&c., 1 vol. with Maps and Plates, 18s. bound.-6. Reve-
lations of Russia, 2 vols. small 8 vo.-7. A Winter in Italy,
by Mrs. Ashton Yates, 2 vols. small 8 vo.--- .8. A Third Edi-
tion of Coningsby, by B. D'lsraeli, Esq., M.P., 3 vols.-
9. A Second Edition of Historic Fancies, by the Hon.
G. S. Smythe, M.P., 1 vol Bvo., 12s. bound.

BURY.
MEETING OF LANDOWNERS.

A NEW AND IMPORTANT EDITION OF THE SILENT'
FRIEND ON HUMAN FRAILTY.
Just published, price 2s. 6d., and free by post (in a sealed envelope),
Price 3s. 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on
Human Frailty and Physical Decay, its causes, and the
baneful effects of excessive indulgence and infection, illustrated
by engravings, with observations on Marriage, and directions for
the removal of certain disqualifications.
By R. and L PERRY and CO.
Published by the Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19, Berner..
street, Oxford-street ; also by Strange, 21, Paternoster row ; Purkis,
Compton-street, Soho; Noble, III), Chancery-lane • Hannay and
Co., fi3, Oxford-street; J. Gordon, 146. Leadenhan-street, Lon.
don; and by all Booksellers In Town and Country.
OPINIONS OF THE Pang.
4‘ We regard the work before us,' The Silent Friend,' as a
work embracing most clear and practical views of a series of com-
plaints hitherto little understood, and passed over by the majority of
the Medical profession, for what reason we are at a loss to know.
Wemust, however, confess that a perusal of this work has left such
a favourable impression on our minds, that we not only recommend,
but cordially wish every one who is the victim of past folly, or stiffer-
ing from indiscretion, to profit by the advice contained in its pages."
—Age and Argus.
The Authors of s The Silent Friend,' seem to be thoroughly
conversant with the treatment of a class of complaints which are, we
fear, too prevalent in the present day. The perspicuous style in
which this book is written, and the valuable tants it conveys to
those who are apprehensive of entering the marriage state, cannot
fall to recommend it to a careful perusai."—Era.
The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is exclusively directed
for the cure of nervous and muscular debility, Impuissance, Ste.
Price Ils. and 235. per bottle. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, of
whom mabe had the Silent Friend." The Five Pound Cases
may be haws usual.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS are the most ellt.ctua
cure for syphilis and secondary symptoms in both sexes, price 2s. 9d.
AL 6d., and Ils. per box.
Consultation fee, if by letter, 1/. A minute detail of cases is ne-
cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for Consultation, at
their residence, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, Londcn, from
Eleven till Two, and Five till Eight, and on Sundays from Tee till
Twelve. One personal visit only is necessary $s effect apermanent cure

GENEROSITY OF CORNISH FISHERMEN.—In the
early part of last month the French sloop St. Louis, of
Cherbourg. Louis Basin, master, having been dismasted
off the Wolf Rock, was driven on shore near Porth-
leven, where she became a total wreck. The few stores
saved, with the hull, were subsequently sold for pay-
ment of salvage. Our object in reverting to this sub-
ject is to record the praiseworthy and disinterested act
of the salvors, fishermen of Porthleven, who, after the
sum awarded them for their services had been paid to
them, finding the property belonged solely to the cap-
tain, and it was not insured, generously took to Mr.
Cudlip, merchant, the full amount they had received,
with the exception of ten men's shares out of 103, but
which was made up by other persons, and requested him
to present it in full to the captain, expressing their re-
gret for his misfortune. The poor Frenchman begged
Mr. Cudlip gratefully to acknowledge for him the
generous act. We hope the example set by these poor
fishermen will be extensively followed, and thus, in some
measure, alleviate the miseries of shipwreck.— Western
Luminary.

YestA rd %y a meeting of the landowners of the north-
eastern division of the county of Essex was held in
support of the proposed railway to Sudbury. The meet-
ing was o tiled by requisition, which was as follows:
" We, the undersigned, being of opinion that the 1 ro•
posed nil ,vay from Sudbury through Halsted to Brain-
tree and Witham will confer a great benefit upon the
town of H tlsted and its neighbourhood, do hereby re-
quest that all parties interested in the success of the
undertaking to attend a public meeting at the Concert-
hall, in the town of Halsted, on Monday, November 11,
for the purpose of considering the best means of co-
operating with the originators of this important work."
The following magistrates and landowners affixed their
names to the requisition:—George de Vaizey, N. N.
Browston, Renjawin Gilson, John Sudbury, D. Sewell,
Esqs., and several others. George de Vaizey, Esq.,
took the chair.

N. MARTIN, Esq., a magistrate, in proposing the first
resolution, " That, in the opinion of this meeting, the
proposed railway would confer a great benefit on the
town of Halsted, said the inhabitants of Witham were
very anxious to have a railway to Braintree, and the
inhabitants of Sudbury were also anxious to have a
railway line of communication to London. At a meeting
held in Sudbury, it was proposed to have a line to join
the Eastern Counties line at Kelvedon. It would be
apparent, however, to every body that two lines of that
description, one from Kelvedon and the other from
Witham, would never be allowed by the Legislature ;
and a deputation from the Eastern Counties Company
had attended on Thursday last at Sudbury, to endeavour
to induce the inhabitants of that town to have their line
to join the Eastern Counties line at Witham, instead of
Kelvedon. In this they succeeded, and the people of
Sudbury had come to the determination to join their line
with the one from Witham to Braintree.
The resolution vas unanimously adopted.
Mr. ARDEN proposed that a committee should be
formed, consisting of the requisitionists, with power to
add to their number, to co-operate with the promoters of