The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-07 00:00:00

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LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1844.

On Thursday, at the Court of Common Council, in
the course of a discussion on the subject of a grant
for the erection of a new church in the parish of St.
Giles, some remarks were let drop on the subject of
th dissensions now prevailing in the metropolitan
see, which' at the present moment are worthy of no-
lice. Sir PET ER LAURIE introduced the matter by
observing that, before the grant for the new church
was agreed to, the Court ought to know something as
to the spirit in which it was to be governed, adding, in
justification of his opinion, that at present the greatest
discord and disunion prevailed throughout the diocese
of London, and it was exceedingly difficult to find two
adjoining parishes in which the same discipline and the
same forms were observed, and yet each minister
could justify his conduct by the Charges of his Bishop:
Every man endowed with the slightest power of re-
fl2ction must have forsien that such would be the re-
sult of the Bishop of LONDON'S famous Charge of
1841, wherein he said nothing positively—came to no
decision—but endeavoured to trim between High
Church and Low Church—to keep himself in favour
with both parties, and yet compromise himself with
neither. Doubtless his Lordship imagined' that by
such a halting, jesuitical course of policy, he would
be conciliating the diAentients rather than widen-
ing the breach between them; but, instead of this, he
has increased the confusion and discord in his dio-
cese, by enabling both his Tractarian and Anti-
Tractarian clergy to plead his authority for the
enforcement of their own peculiar views, tenets,
and observances. The consequence has been—as
Mr. Deputy CORNET observed —that Puseyism
his greatly increased in the metropolis, and
owing to its adoption in the Bethnal-green
churches, they are now attended by less than half the
congregations they are capable of accommodating!
While such has been the effect of the Bishop of LON-
DON'S Charg.=, we cannot augur much better things
from the Bishop of EXETER'S Pastoral Letter, which
in one passage evinces an arbitrary, unyielding nature
that is resolved to carry matters with a high.hand ;
and in the next--apprehensive apparently that the
bow has been too tightly strung—relaxes somewhat
of its starch rigidness, and endeavours to practise the
conciliatory system. For instance, on the trouble-
some question of the Rubric, Doctor Plum:roils
is a strict Martinet. Ile will allow of no relaxa-
tion here. Its ordinances must be obeyed to
the letter, and woe be to the clergyman who hesi-
tates to enforce them, for on his head will surely
fall the thunders of his incensed diocesan ! One
would suppose that this was explicit and positive
enough, and that there could be no possibility of
misapprehending the Bishop's Rubrical directions;
and yet, in the very next passage, the Right Rev.
Prelate proceeds to hint at the inexpediency of being
too pertinacious in the enforcement of obsolete, anti-
quated usages—notwithstanding that many of such
usages are to be found recommended in the Rubric !
How are the Bishop's 'clergy to.act, when such are
the inconclusive, inconsistent directions of their ec-
clesiastical superior ? If, in pursuance of his
strictine injunction, they follow up rigidly the ordi-
*l laid down in the Rubric, they cannot
ota. 'otherwise than revive certain obsolete
nsagea Isla if they -revive such usages, they
are plainly„ told that t acting in an inex-
pi:lddiethtlte rn4aluiisiciir !of TEhxer!isielisoppareof Lowpolea Charge
et
the of men who would be 'sitntrerilo'Liglinlit:s
rant to the last degree, if they dared' but
feet_

ing themselves coerced by the power of public opi-
nion, are compelled to abate somewhat of their
haughty, arrogant authority, -but make this conces-
sion in so clumsy and constrained a manner, that their
innate intolerance peeps,out every now and then, in
spite of all they can do to hide the cloven foot. It is a
fortunate circumstance, that while Tractarianism—
owing in no slight degree to the equivocal policy of
the brace of Bishops of whom we have just been
speaking—has spread far and wide among the upper
and middle classes, though even among them it has
lately, we have every reason to believe, been on the
decline—the heresy has not yet tainted the humbler
orders of society. We make this assertion on the
authority of the Liverpool Courier, which gives proofs
in corroboration of its statement that are every way sa-
tisfactory, and speak volumes in favour of the common
sense, the sagacity, the tone of thought, and the
sound, unaffected religious spirit of the lower classes.

From the Plymouth Times, and from a London
Contemporary, we have recently transferred to our
columns two valuable articles, under the respective
headings of the " Experimental Squadron" and
" Naval Intelligence." Their general effect we may
define to be—to show, first, that the results of the sail-
ing trials between her MAJESTY'S ships the Queen,
110 guns, and the Albion, 90, against the St. Vin-
cent, 120, and the Caledonia, 120, do not by any
means bear out the title to superiority assumed for
the two first-named ships; secondly, that in relation
to the disparity of conditions, the most important to
the determination of the contest, the two last-named
ships, in point of fact, must be held to have approved
themselves much superior to their competitors. Now,
these experimental trials were instituted with the
avowed purpose of testing the merits of certain as-
sumed improvements in the theory of naval architec-
ture, which, having been introduced by the Sur-
veyor-General of the Navy (Sir W. SYMONDS), have
been since largely acted upon in the construction of
new ships of war. This, then, is a question of so
much national importance, that we hope the published
results in question-will interest the public at large as
much as they have' interested us. The repeated state-
ments which have been made, from time to time, in
the House of Commons, by high professional authori-
ties, such as .Admiral Sir EDWARD CODRINGTON,
Captain Rous, R.N., Captain PECHELL, R.N., and
others, as to the extremely objectionable character of
some of the craft built on new principles most in
favour with the acting first Lord of the Admiralty
for the time being, have always occasioned great pain
to us. The " 10-gun brigs," and " jackass frigates,"
denounced under the nicknames of the "Forty
Thieves," and other significant soubriquets, will at
once recur to the minds of most of our readers. But
the two articles we have lately transferred into The
Sun suggest more than they demonstrate. They
seem to infer the existence of a species of favouritism
at lead-quarters, which, if it really exist, cannot be
too openly or loudly reprobated. These are not times
which mere crotchets—however ingenious—are to
be carried out into practical working, not only to the
deStruction of our character for the superior construc-
tion of large ships, hitt to the certain disparagement
and ultimate decay of our naval strength, and at a
tnost mischievous and needless expenditure of the
public money.. Nor is this all.. Two principles are
now contending for preference in our schools of
naval architecture. The one is a well-considered ap-
plication of scientific theory to those elements of
.practical design, the soundness of which has been
affirmed by the test of facts observed and recorded
through the experience of a long term of years. The
other principle inculcates the adoption of a particular
theorem, irrespective of these modifications of received
systems and practical experience, as the sine qua non
of the new, or "intuitive" school, as it is called. But
what is this theorem " The form," we are told,
" adopted by the Surveyor of the Navy, viz., that of
a wedge, with a protrusion at the water surface,
which he calls 'bearing,' is most unfavourable to easy
'notion, and it is ruinous in heavy weather. By the swel-
ling of the body above water, the rolling tends to immerse
a greater solid on ohe side than that raised up on the
other ; but since, by the law of hydrostatics, the
weight of the whole ship is that of the water which
she displaces, be the position what it may, therefore
the tendency to inequality in the opposite solids,
alternately emersed and immersed, as the ship rolls,
must necessarily produce a distreising rising and
falling during the rolling, which cannot but work
everything in pieces at last." This reasoning appears
to us indisputable; but its truth is exemplified by the
instance of the Vernon, one of Sir W. SYMONDS'S
ships. After being but two years out at sea, that fine
new frigate was f6und to require a thorough refit ;
and it was discovered that each end of her upper
deck beams had startd from the ship's timbers, in
some instances to the extent of seven-eighths of an
inch. In action, or straining through a protracted
tempest, in a heavy sea, had she encountered either
trial before her refit, where would the Vernon have
been ? The- naval 'critics, on whose authority we
make these statements, well remark, that for an
efficient man-of-war of the first class, like the
Queen, 'whose assumed superiority of sailing has
been the theme of so-much admiration to the. corre-
spondent of a Contemporary, fine sailing is not the
only, nor perhaps 'the !nest important property re-
quired. Other qualities are quite as 'indispensable;
for example—stowage; 'ease of motion ; capability of
keeping the sea in heavy weather; cost of building:
facility of steerage, &c. It is instructive to remark
how these properties are brought to bear on the ana-
lytical comparison of the force, equipment, and per-
formances of the ships engaged in the nautical trials
referred to. We 'see no reason to doubt that in such
respects the ships, not of the surveyor's build, were
very far superior to those of his construction, in-
equality of conditions being fairly allowed for. Thus
the Caledonia and St. Vincent steer easily; are
readily manageable ; mount 120 guns each, on a
measurement of only 2,600 tons. Their launching
cost, at the present moment, would not exceed
75,000/. each. The Queen, on the contrary, does
not steer well.; she rolls very much, and in bad
weather her motion is particularly sharp and uneasy.
She mounts 110 guns only, on a measurement of
3,000 tons, and her launching cost would now be.
abiut 90,000/. ; or 15,000/. more than that of either
the. Caledonia or the St. Vincent. In heavy
weather and a rolling sea her inclination was only,
two degrees less than that of her competitors:
whereas, from her much superior width, a far more
important difference was to be anticipated. It is
evident, moreover, that on these trials no pains had
been spared to bring out to the utmost her sailing
powers, inasmuch as she carried away two topgallant
masts. It is, we are told, from the test of all ex-
perience yet had of her, to be inferred that as a line-
of-battle ship, though only four years old, she would
he much inferior to either the Caledonia (now 36
years) o'r the St. Vincent (which is 29). But we
w ill not weary the leader by going again through
the details of these: irregularities, which, as to con-
dition 'and clearness;: superior area of working sails,
superioramount of, load diSplacement, and higher
tonnage, were vastly against the Caledonia or St.
Vincent, and proportionably in favour of the Queen
ar.d the Albion, For the same reason, we do not
recur again to the very alarming defect of construc-
tion in that immense ship the Albion, a two-decker of
90 guns, heavy metal, whiCli, it is affirmed, in heavy
seas would absolutely preclude the possibility of
working her lower deck tier, and compe

her to—keep all her• port-holes closed ; whereas:

under the same circumstances of winds and

seas, the Caledonia and the St. Vincent can keep all
their ports open, and work their guns on all three

decks. Our object in. noticing these trials, and the

unfounded superiority 'claimed for the Surveyor's

slips, is to direct public attention to an evil which, if
unchecked, may one day bring upon U 5 again all the

ev►ls of that favouritism, presumption, and profes-
sional incapacity in the administration of affairs at the

Admiralty, which, in our last disastrous naval war
with the United States, reflected so much discredit on
the MELVILLES and CEOKERS of the time. We have

better hopes, however, of the men at present filling
their places. They cannot but feel the inexpressible

amount of responsibility to themselves and to their

•
country, to the: present 'generation, and to all'pos-
terity, which they have assumed with their offices.

They are pledged to a stern, straightforward, impar-
.

tial management and direction of our most ancient,
most glorious, most constitutional, most vigorous
force. It is , high time that the. board of Admiralty,
howevei, should eschew the example set them by
other Government departments in upholding old-

womanising errors of judgment, if they be not pre-
p3ssessions of favour. 'We are beginning to get as
impatient of eternal SYMONDSES in naval construc-
tion, as of never-ceasing SMIRKES in official fabrics.
The Dockyards and the British Museum cry aloud,
and alike, for an infusion of new blood into their ar-
chitectural systems. Enough of Sir ROBERT
!
enough of Sir WILLIAM !

Accounts from Madrid of the 28th ult. state that
the Government had received official intelligence of
the execution at Logrono of the son and brother-in-
law of ZURBANO. The news had caused a great sen-
sation at Madrid. The Herald() thus endeavours to
justify the Ministry :—" Really the measures which
Government is obliged to adopt are most deplorable,
but they who consider its position, will admit that its
conduct is indispensable in presence of the arrogance
and threatening attitude of the revolutionists. Fresh
rebellions are daily announced at Madrid, and though
they are :not realised, it is certain that the revolu-
tionists are not tired of conspiring." These papers
announce that a number of officers of high rank
had been banished from Madrid. Among these
are General FERREE, *formerly Inspector- General of
cavalry who has been banished to Talavera, General
TnNA to Cuenca, General CAMBA (formerly Minister
of War) to Navarre, General VAN lIALEN to Valen-
cia, General Cu...cox (formerly Captain-General of
Madrid) to Old Castile, General OLLOQUI to Seville,
General VALLAPADIERNA to New Castile, General
'sumo to Gallicia, and General LEBRUN to Arragon.
Several persons of rank had also been banished from
Seville, and orders had been issued by the political
chief that all persons having in their possession fowl-
ing-pieces shall give them up within five days, under
pain of confiscation, a fine of 100 ducats, and being
placed under the surveillance of the police as suspected.
MADRID BOURSE, Nov. 28.—Three per Cents. for
cash, 304.; for account, 30t; Five per Cents. for
account, 21i.

The. Paris Opposition journals are evidently pre-
paring the way for a determined attack on M. GuizoT
at the opening of the session, and certainly the pre-
sent state of Spain and the atrocious conduct of NAIL'
YAEZ and the Queen-Mother will afford his opponents
in both Chambers a fair opportunity. When Es-
,P,iItTERO was overturned and the French party was
placed in full authority at Madrid the Opposition
press remained silent on the subject. A change how-
ever has occurred ; public feeling in France is roused
against the illegal proceedings, the military despotism
and the numerous executions carried into effect by
NARVAEZ without the sanction of a court-martial or
any recognised legitimate authority. The Journal
des Debats foresees the coming storm, and is there-
fore making every effort to remove the odium of such
deeds from M. GUIZOT and his colleagues. It de-
nounces in strong terms the executions at Logrono,
and now expresses surprise at the order
issued for putting General ARAOZ to death. "We
know net," says that journal, " the reasons
which have driven the Spanish Ministry to this mad
measure of re-action. General Anaoz had retired to
Chiclana, in Andalusia, where he was born, and it is
supposed that he has compromised himself in the
conspiracies formed in the south of Spain. He is
not a general raised suddenly to that rank, but has
gained it by passing regularly through his career.
Leaving the military:school with ESPARTBRO, he dis-
tinguished himself in the last civil war, at the siege
of Bilboa, against the generals of Don CARLOS, and
the commands Which were entrusted to hiin in Anda-
lusia and Catalonia. He -was called the diplomatist
of the Ayacucho party, and has been remarked for
his reserve in all political affairs. It is therefore: with
surprise that we see his name mixed up with plots
which have been rendered abortive. lie served as
the connecting link between- ESPARTERO and MM.
OLOZAGA, CORTINA, and MADOZ, which made him
suspected by the ex-REGENT, on the occasion of the
events of last year. In his career, he had the
strange destiny of having ZURBANO under his orders
when he was sent, in 1840, to second the pronun-
ciamiento of Madrid against the Regency of iiitatA
CHRISTINA ; and also of having, in the last year,
General PRIM under his orders, when the L ()Fez
Ministry confided to him the mission of combatting'
the central junta of Barcelona.
M. TRIRRS, however, will not suffer the GUIZOT
Cabinet to throw .off so easily the responsibility
which they have incurred by the French intrigues
in Spain. The Constitutionnel thus directly charges
M. GuizoT as the prime mover in all the changes
which have lately taken place :
" The situation of Count Bresson, our Ambassador at
Madrid, is become a very difficult one. In conformity
with the instructions he had received, he encouraged as
much as he could the Government at Madrid to proceed
in the road of re-action. M. Guizot, when consulted at
Paris by M. Martinez de la Rosa, had recommended that
the Spanish Constitution should be reformed in such a
way that all important matters should be henceforward
submitted to the decision of the Ministers, or at least de-
cided by simple laws that could be postponed or remade,
without appearing to violate the fundamental compact.
M. Guizot also advised to get these reforms voted without
discussion Ole, as an example, cited the Charter of 1830,
which was adopted in a few hours, and which has thereby
only a greater authority. He forgot that in 1830 France
wanted a new Constitution, and that the changes to be
introduced in the old charter were long agreed on and
accepted by almost the whole of France he did not
comprehend that Spain, on the contrary, required not
to have her institutions changed, but respected ; did
not want new laws to be written on paper, but to
habituate herself to a constitutional regime by a lasting
and sincere practiee. M. Guizot bad in all probability
completed his advice by the grand word of salutary in-
,imidation. M. Bresson, in his conferences with the
Ministers of Madrid only developed M. Guizot's recbm-
ruendations. M. Martinez de la Rosa failed in carrying
the reform without discussion, but he at least obtaine#:
the votes ; General Narvaez, who is no great scholar,
reserved to himself the means of intimidation. We have
seen in what manner he intends spreading it through
Spain. The surprise at Madrid, however, was great
when the principal Ministerial organ of Paris opposed a
great part of the acts• which our Ministry had recom-
mended. The Members of the Cabinet of Madrid re
paired to the Ambassador's to express their astonish-
ment, and to ask where the real Ministerial opinion was to
be found. M. Bresson, who was exceedingly irritated
against the unfortunate journal, quoted his own
instructions. Howaver, it appears certain that, after
two Cabinet Councils held at Madrid, on. the 24th' and
25th of November, it was determined to demand ex-
planations from the French Government about the
articles recently published by the Debuts, and, in par-
ticular, about that of the 17th of November, where the ne-
cessity of. the reform was strongly contested. A verbal
communication was made to this effect to M. Bresson
and M. Guizot. The Madrid Cabinet represented to the
French Government that such publications produced a
deplorable effect on public opinion in Spain, and, besides,
contrasted strangely with the language of the Ambas-
sador. M. Guizot hastened to disavow the language of
the Debats, of which he could not, he asserted, always
govern or direct the caprices. Whilst waiting for the
reply of our Government, the Spanish' Ministry con
tinues to intimidate Spain. General Araoz, an estimable
man, who has a number of friends at Parigy is about to
be shot at Cadiz without trial. The eldest son and
brother-in law of Zurbano, who voluntarily gave them-
selves into custody, are going to undergo the same fate.
Exile, prescription, the most violent and the most arbi-
trary punishments,- are falling on the .suspected, and
even reach the Opposition press. Such are the acts by
which the Government of Narvaez is ushering in the
new Constitution. Contempt for all laws, even those
of hamanity—the most odious despotism arising from
civil war, form the regime which a soldier imposes on
Spain to.prepare her for a representative Government."

The following melancholy intelligence appears in
the Phare de Bayonne of the Ist inst.:—

"It is announced that in consequence of information
given by Zurbano's son. a grezt number of persons have
been arrested at Burgos, Logrono, Vittoria, and other
towns.. At Logrono, in particular, these' arrests have
been exceedingly numerous, and several officers belong-
ing to'tbe provincial battalion of Valladolid are included
in the number. General Uinta, who resided st Az •
peita, has also been arrested, and taken to Vittoria under
escort."

The Presse states that "the contract fur the loan
of 200 millions of francs is to be decided on Monday
next. Only two tenders have as yet been sent in—
that by Messrs. na RoTuscumn and the Receivers
General, and that by the company forme by Messrs.
'TOTTEN GUER and DELESSERT."

BOURSE--WEDNESDAY, DEC. 4
Tint Highest Lowest Lean
Price. Price. ?rt. Pries.
p.m& irtvopercents 119 90 •• 120 10 119 90 - 120 10
111 .. 113 .. 112 •• 113
n ree per Cents.• • B4 25 .. 84 60 84 25 .. 84 60
Bank of lerance• ..• 3165 —3155 • 3165 —3165
L affitte B tnk, I,ooof. Shareslo9s • . 1093 • • 1095 _1095
5,000 f. Sharessoss ..3065 —5053 ..5065
Belgian gank.,....
Belgian Jr.ive.s.lB4o •••••••. 1031 •• 1031 •• 1031 .. 1031
Two-and-s-Half.• •• 61 60 .• 61 60 .. 61 GO .. 61 G 0
Spanish Threes•••• •• •• •••• 361 .. 361 •• 361 .. 361
A 'give 321 .. 321 .. 32} .. 324
P &salve • .. 6 . • 6 • • 6 • • 6
Portz:sap e Five per Cents •• 651 .. 551 .. 55/ .. 551
NeapoLitta n ...... . 97 .. 2$ .. 97 •• 98
Rowan • . •.• 105 .. 105 .. 105 105

RAILWAY SHARES.
St. Gertnain,•• •• •• •••• •• 942 50 •• 942 50 .• 942 58 .• 942 50
316 .. 315 .. 315 .. 315
Rouen...." •• • • ••••1020 • 1020 "1020 .4020
Rouen to .11Avre •• ••
Orleans ...• •••• • ....1080 —lO7O ..1060 .•1067 50
!Strasburg to Rale .. '• •• .. 280 .. 281 25 280 . 281 25
♦rignon t 4 Marseilles.-- 92C 25 •• 931 50 .. 926 25 .. 932 60

RAILWAYS FOR THE ACCOUNT, Lac 16.
St. Germs tit • •—• 942 SO .. 950 .. 942 50 .. 950
. 316 .. 216 26 .. $l2 $0 .. 316