The Sun.
London, England, 1844-03-18 00:00:00

FARM LABOURERS.

We have been requested to insert the following letter
from Mr. Paget to Mr. Cobden, in explanation of a com-
munication which was quoted by the latter gentleman in
the course of the debate of Tuesday last :
lluddington Grange, March 14, 1844.
My dear Sir,—lt is a great satisfaction to me to find
the statement I sent to you so fully confirmed by Lord
Worsley. He takes a farm which is entirely arable,
while the one whose expenses I stated is 230 arable,
170 pasture, which is a fair proportion for the Midland
Counties. His rent is divided between the landlord and the
clergyman, mine is paid entirely to one landlord. Ile takes
a farm which requires an outlay for manure equal to
half the rent, I one which %%ill maintain its fertility at
an expenditure of one-twelfth the rent in artificial
manure ; and if you refer to the explanation appended
to my statement, you will see that I consider it applicable
to the heavy and mixed lands, and that for the poorer
light lands a rectification was required fur the quantity
of manure purchased.
Now let us take Lord Worsley's statement ; he takes
Landlord's rent £BOO
£l,OOO
Tithe rent-.
Add excess of manure

£1,360
His horses keep ought to be treated like his seed
corn ; it is not an outgoing from the farm, but an ab-
straction from the diposable produce.
His other expenses are—
Farm labour £Boo
Mechanics or Tradesmen's bills .
Parochial rates
Interest of capital 2OO

£1,350
So that, had his land been of such a quality that it
would have required only 1401. instead of 5001. to main-
tain its fertility, he would, of course, have paid 3601.
more rent. The result then would have been—
Rent
Other expenses
Manure l4O

£1,490

Had one-third of the land been old turf, the expenses
would have been reduced 200/., so that Lord Worsley
more than confirms my statement.
I see the Lothian farmers estimate the landlord's share
at one-half, while I only state it at 255. out of 555. for
England.
I believe the opposition you meet with is from an
honest conviction that a change would be injurious to
the tenant and labourer ; lam therefore very sorry that
your Committee has been refused.

I am, my dear Sir, very truly yours,
CHARLES PAGET.

Richard Cobden, Esq., M.P.

THE EXCLUSIVE WORKHOUSE.

(From Punch.)
So admirably has the New Poor-law operated in the
prevention of pauperism, and so satisfactory has been
its influence on the poor themselves, in alleviating their
sufferings, endearing them to their benefactors, the rich,
and diffusing among them a spirit of subordination and
content, that Government, we understand, is meditating
an extension of its principle for the benefit of the younger
sons, ruined spendthrifts, and portionless daughters of
the superior classes. Exclusive Workhouses are to be
provided as places of refuge for the destitute aristocracy.
Arrangements strictly corresponding to those of the
union workhouse, but modified in accordance with the
quality of the inmates, will regulate these establish.
ments. The diet will be as simple as a refined palate
can bear, and limited rigidly to that quantity which will
just suffice for the maintenance of genteel existence.
The dress of both sexes will be plain and respectable,
such as a gentleman or lady would be rather ashamed to
be seen in, and no superfluous comforts, amusements, or
accommodations will be allowed. In fine, the Exclusive
Workhouse will be divested of all inducements which
might tempt a person of fashionable ideas to wish to
enter it.

For breakfast, plain bread and butter at discretion
will be allowed, with tea or coffee and sugar; but no
eggs, ham, tongue, anchovies, chocolate, or any other
more palatable articles of food. This meal will take
place at nine precisely.
Dinner, which will be served at three, will consist of
a plain joint, roast or boiled, with bread, potatoes, and
the ordinary garden vegetables; neither soup, nor fish,
nor game of any description, even when sent as presents,
allowed to be dressed. The joint to be followed by a plain
tart or pudding of the fruit in season. The repast to cen-
elude with bread and cheese, which latter is to be a good
common Stilton or Cheshire, exclusive of all Gruyere,
Parmesan, or Neufchatel. No omelettes, macaroni, or
any foreign or made dishes to be permitted. Sherry to
be allowed duiing dinner, and port afterwards, and
table ale or porter to those who wish for them. Every
gentleman at dinner to be limited to two glasses of
sherry, and every lady to one. After dinner the gentle-
men to have three glasses of port a piece, and the ladies
two ; and each individual to be entitled to a captain's
biscuit : no other dessert. The above to be the only
wines suffered in the workhouse, and all persons con-
victed of smuggling in hock, champagne, burgundy, or
any other description of liquors than those provided, to
be punished by solitary confinement.
Tea, same as breakfast, at seven. No other meal.
The dress of the gentlemen is to consist of a blue coat,
with plain cloth buttons, black waistcoat, and pepper-
and -salt kerseymere trousers, with Wellington boots,
not of patent leather. No gentleman to wear mous-
taches. Ladies dresses to be of good Mousseline-de-
table, of a simple and uniform pattern, cotton stockings,
without open work, and black morocco shoes, unsan-
dallect No lady to be adorned with any trinket beyond

her wedding-ring; and no gentleman to appear with a
Qtch-guard or an eye-glass.
Lids_ and NiTes.tp_ke coluplled to liye together ;
but the separation of parent- from chili to he strictly
enforced., Gentlemen are to be expressly interdicted
from the use of snuff and cigars ; end no lady to be
indulged with • smelling-salts or vinaigrettes, except by
medical order. The ladies also will be forbidden to wear
or carry bouquets. All novels, newspipers, magazines,
and works of fietion to be excluded. No billiards to
be permitted. Any lady caught waltzing to be punished.
The employment of the ladies to consist in fancy or
ornamental needle-work ; in making copies of paintings
and drawings; the sale of thp articles manufactured to
be applied to the support of the establishment. The
gentlemen to be employed in penmanship, as the drawing
up of official documents, and the like. Those capable of
literary exertion to be allowed to write articles, and
compose poetry and jokes, also saleable, on behalf of the
establishment, to the proprietors of Punch and others..
Ladies or gentlemen refusing to work to be confined
to their own apartments. Each person to have a bed-
room and sitting-room, but no more. Plain brown
Windsor soap and water to be the sole adjuncts to the
toilet, to the exclusion of all Circassian cream, Kalydor,
Rondeletia, and all other pomades and perfumes.
The children to be kept in a separate part of the
establishment, and to be instructed, under the auspices
of competent persons, in literature, the sciences, morality,
music and dancing.
Further particulars will transpire when the Bill for the
purpose intended is brought before Parliament, which
will be shortly.

THE CURRENCY.
(From the Manchester Guardian.)
The reports as to the intention of Ministers to make
some important changes in the currency, appear to have
roused the country bankers to an unwonted degree of
activity. We learn from the London newspapers, that a
meeting of gentlemen engaged in that business, and de-
legated from different parts of the kingdom, was held at
Herbert's Hotel, Palace-yard, London, on Thursday; but
the presence of reporters being interdicted, the object of
the proceedings did not transpire. We learn, too, from
the Eastern Counties' Herald, a Hull paper, of Thursday
last, that a memorial to Sir Robert Peel on this subject,
was agreed upon at a meeting of bankers held at York
on Saturday last, and is understood to have been signed
by all the private bankers and joint-stock banks in the
county of York. In this memorial the Yorkshire bankers
say :
" We cannot too strongly dwell on the evils and ruin
which would be entailed on the farmers by any change
or suppression of the local circulation. It would deprive
them of that necessary assistance which the country
banks have at all times so liberally afforded, to enable
them to pay their rent=, and other engagements, until
the produce of their farms could be realised ; and a state
of things would thus be produced, the inevitable effects
of which would be to retard, in a great degree, improve-
ments in agriculture."
This is precisely the argument which was used by
similar parties in reference to the suppression of one-
pound notes. The country bankers were at that
period quite sure that, without the aid of
such notes, people could not obtain their usual
accommodation ; business could not be carried
on in the agricultural districts ; and the farmers
would be nearly all ruined. Well! the small notes
were suppressed ; and, notwithstanding these sinister
predictions, the sun shone, the rain fell, and the farmers
somehow contrived to carry on their business just as if
no such direful calamity had befallen them. So, no
doubt, they will be able to do if their rents should hap-
pen to be paid in nice clean Bank of England notes,
instead of the dirty and greasy scraps of paper which
circulate through the country under the denomination
of local notes. As to the unwillirgness of bankers to grant
accommodation except in their own notes, it is the most
laughable piece of absurdity that we ever heard of. No
doubt, bankers, if such there are, whose capital consists
of their.notes, will find it &Moult to grant accommo-
dation to farmers or any other parties ; and the sooner
such parties close their establishments the better for the
public. There is abundance of capital ready for em-
ployment in banking, or any other pursuit that is likely
to yield a profit ; and we are sure that farmers of credit
and responsibility will have no more difficulty in pro-
curing the accommodation they _require, in Bank of
England notes, than the, merchants and manufacturers of
Lancashire have now. To suppose that men of no respon-
sibility can now procure accommodation in Yorkshire,
because the bankers lend only their own notes, is to es-
timate the prudence and judgment of the bankers of that
county at a much lower rate than we believe to be just.
The memorial further says :—" We are aware that
many writers on the currency advocate a single hank of
issue ; but we confidently press on your consideration
the value and importance of our practical experience as
directly opposed to their opinions, being convinced Ord
the introduction of any system which would place the
whole issues of this country under the power of one
governing body
,would be prejudicial to the best interests
of the kingdom. '
We would beg to suggest to these gentlemen who say
so much in favour of their " practical experience," that
one atleast of the "writers on the currency," who ad-
vocate a single bank of issue, has an experience at least
as extensive as any of them can boast of. As a partner
not only in a London bank, but in one of the largest
provincial banking establishments in the kingdom, Mr.
Samuel Jones Loyd has acquired an amount of prac-
tical
knowledge which, combined with great scientific.
attainments, peculiarly fits him for the due considera-
tion of this important subject. In one point, certainly,
Mr. Loyd differs from the Yorkshire bankers ; he has
no private interest to warp his judgment. Neither his
firm, nor any of the bankers with whom they may be
said to compete, issue notes ; and he has therefore no
temptation to view the question in any other light than
in its bearing on the interests of the public.

RACE WITH A STEAM-ENGINE.
On Friday, the Bth instant, the Meerza Ibraheern, of
the East India College, Haileybury, met with ono of th-:
most frightful accidents, and providential escapes, that
it has ever been our fate to record. The Meerza was
coming from Ware to Hertford, and on arriving oppo-
site the union workhouse, he determined to enter
the town through the back street, and for that
purpose he went down Mead-lane and passed over
the railway. The Meerza had proceeded about half
the distance between the Mead-lane gate and the back
entrance to the railway terminus, when the three o'clock
train left tlfe station. The Meerza's horse, a fine spi-
rited animal, immediately became affrighted,
wheeled round, and dashed back at a furiolp
pace, literally racing with the train ; and on arriving
at the gate he had just passed through, the affrighted
animal cleared it at a bound, and alighted with its
fore feet on the very edge of the line of railway, at
the very instant that the train arrived at the gate
Fortunately, the horse did not obtain a secure footing;
the soil of the edge and bank of the railway was loose,
and the horse's feet slipping back, he rolled down the
bank, and the train rolled by, within a few feet of the
Meerza's head, as he lay under the frightened and
struggling horse—whose 1, gs had become entangled
in the fencing—unable to disengage his feet from the
stirrups. After the train had passed, the Meerza suc-
ceeded with difficulty in extricating himself from his
unpleasant position, as the horse continued to roll about
with great violence; but we are happy to state that he
sustained no greater injury than a few bruises, from
the effect of which he has nearly recovered.—Hereford
Reformer.