The Sun.
London, England, 1844-11-22 00:00:00

(SUMMARY OF NEWS

Oublit eptuton.

" Who runs may read."

PeNtZlOlg"..

The Duke de Nemours went on Saturday to Ram-
bouillet, and reviewed the regiment of Carabineers
quartered there. After the review, the Royal Duke
was present at a carrousel, or imitation of the tour-
naments of the middle ages, with also went off with
great éclat. At every point the Prince was greeted
with cries of " Vive le Roi ! Vive le Due de Ne-
mours !" On Sunday there was a grand dinner given
by the actors in the tournament, to which the autho-
rities of the town were invited, and the healths of the
King and the Duke were toa3ted.
The Due d'Aumale and Prince de Joinville arrived
at Toulon on the 16th, and were expected to embark
next day for Naples.
A Berlin paper states that the Duke de Rovigo has
been in that city, for the purpose of soliciting the
King to use his influence towards restoring to him the
domain of Sommerchenburg, in Westphalia, which
was given to his father by Napoleon, but declared
national property by the Prussian Government, on
the dissolution of the kingdom of Westphalia. The
Duke's visit, however, is said to have been unsuccessful.
The Quirnperois announces that a typhus fever is
raging at St. Brienc (Cotes du Nord). Thirty of
the students in the grand ecclesiastical seminary have
been attacked, and the whole establishment has been
cleared except of twenty of the patients, whose cases
are too bad to admit of their being removed.
The English packet Wilberforce brought into
Havre on Monday the crew of the French vessel the
Bon Pere, of Fecamp, which went down, with all
her sails set, off the coast of England, in one of the
late gales. These men, seventeen in number, in-
cluding the captain, speak in grateful terms of the
care taken of them during their passage from London
to Havre.
At the Tribunal of Correctional Police for the
Seine on Monday, M. Orfila, the son of the Dean of
the Faculty of Medicine, was fined 25f., and ordered
to pay I,ooof. damages, for an injury inflicted upon
the porteress of the house at Passy at
_which his
father resides during the summer months. Arriving
in his father's carriage, which he was driving on the
29th of May, he entered the court-yard before the
porteress could remove her hand from the gate, and
her thumb was crushed between the carriage and the
gate.

- The price of bread at Brussels, says Galignani, is
at this moment five centimes higher per kilogramme
than in Paris ; but there is a still greater difference
between Paris and Marseilles. In the latter place
the price is ten centimes higher. We cannot under-
stand why there should be so great a difference as
one-fourth between Paris and Marseilles.
A large and model hospital, to be called the Hopi-
tal Louis Philippe, is about to be built by the Muni-
cipality of Paris, near the station of the Northern
Railroad, on the ground situated at the northern ex-
tremity of the Rues du Faubourg St. Denis and St.
Martin.
The troops of the garrison of Madrid had been
kept under arms during the night of the 13th, in the
expectation of a revolt in the regiment of San Fer-
nando, which, however, did not take place.
The court-martial appointed to try General Prim
and his co-accused assembled on the 14th, and at nine
o'clock in the evening brought the proceedings to a
conclusion, but the judgment was not made public.
A letter from Barcelona of the 12th states that M.
Lefebvre, the French merchant, has received from
the Spanish Government the indemity which had
been awarded him for Zurbano's cruel treatment, and
for the losses which he had sustained on that occasion.
LAW AND FOLIC*.
The Court of Common Pleas was occupied in
hearing appeals from recent decisions of the Revising
Barristers.
A suit instituted in the Arches Court by Mr. 11.
W. Evans against his wife for a divorce, on the
ground that she had committed adultery with a Mr.
Elliott, eight months only after her marriage, was
dismissed b y Sir H. J. Fust, for the want of suffi-
cient evidence, notwithstanding a verdict had been
obtained with 5001. damages, and the lady herself had
withdrawn her opposition to the suit.
Several wine• merchants were summoned before the
Court of Excise for not having renewed their licences,
and also for having the words " Licensed to deal in
foreign wines" painted over their place of business,
and were severally fined in the mitigated penalty of
10s. to 20s.
Robert Franklin, son of a coffee-shop-keeper in
King-street, was summoned to Marlborough-street
for an assault on a boy named Foy, who is in the
employ of Mr. Jenkinson, baker, Fouberts•place,
Regent-street. Franklin owed Jenkinson a bill, and
he directed Foy to go to Franklin's and remain there
until he was paid. On the boy's refusal to go out
Franklin pushed him out, and this was the assault.
The Magistrate dismissed the case.

At Greenwich,;lsabella Collins, coffee-house keeper,
East-lane, Greenwich, and Robert James, of Lew-
isham, apprentice to Mr. Worth, arespectable butcher,
carrying on business adjacent to the female prisoner,
were both committed for trial, the latter for stealing
11 lbs. of beef, and the female prisoner for receiving
the same, well knowing that it had been stolen.
COMICT-3PABBIONALIBMii.
The Duke of Wellington had a select party to din-
ner at Apsley House on Thursday evening.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston have gone to
Broadlands, the noble Viscount's seat, near Romsey,
Hants, for the winter. A distinguished party will
shortly assemble there.
Lord and Lady Charles Wellesley are prolonging
their visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter,
at Burleigh House, and, according to present expec-
tations, are likely to remain there until his Lordship
goes in waiting on her Majesty.
On Monday, Mdlle. D'Este left Witley Court for
the Spetchley station of the Birmingham and Glou-
cester Railway. On the same evening the Ladies
Caroline, Catherine, and Amelia Cust, Earl Brown-
low's daughters, arrived at Witley.
Sir Robert and Lady Peel have issued invitations
for dinner parties on Saturday and Monday next.
Sir Henry Pottinger had a lengthened interview
on Wednesday last with Sir Robert Peel at the
Right Hon. Baronet's private residence in Whitehall-
gardens.
The Earl and Countess of Jersey and Lady Cle-
mentina Villiers were to leave Arundel Castle, the
seat of the Duke and Duchess of Norfolk on Thurs-
day, to join the party to assemble at Petworth, on
visits to Colonel and Mrs Wyndham.
The Earl and Countess of Kenmare arrived last
week on a visit to the Dowager Lady Wilmot, the
Countess's mother, at Malvern 'Wells, where her
Ladyship has been residing for some considerable
time.

Earl Howe,Teputy Grand Master of Freemasons
for England, having received the appointment of Pro-
vincial Grand Master of Warwickshire, vacant by the
decease of the late Earl Ferrers, will be duly installed
at a provincial grand lodge, summoned for the occa-
sion, at Coventry, on Monday next.
The Earl of Denbigh and the Ladies Fielding are
on a tour in Italy. The noble Earl and family left
Milan at the commencement of this month for Genoa.
Lord Elphinstone, by the last letters, had arrived
at Milan from Germany, his Lordship having passed
the greater part of the spa season at Marienbad.
The Earl and Countess of Eldon and their chil-
dren have repaired on a visit to the Hon. Captain
and Mrs. Arthur Duncombe, at their seat near Pock-
lington.
ISLISCIELM4NNIOI7II. .
The new church at Camberwell, of which the first
stone was laid in September, 1842, was consecrated
with the accustomed ceremonies on Thursday fore-
noon by the Bishop of Salisbury. The service was
commenced at 11 o'clock, by which time the church
was crowded in every part by a congregation of
nearly 2,000 persons, who were admitted by cards.
Among them were Archdeacon Wilberforce, the Rev.
Mr. Eden, and a great many clergymen; Sir John
and Lady Pirie, Mr. H. Kemble, M.P., and most of
the gentry of the neighbourhood.
Another extra Gazette, extending to Sixty-four
pages, was issued last night. It is filled entirely with
a repetition of railway and other notices published in
previous Gazettes.

- At the last meeting '..1; the Royal Asiatic Society it
was stated that the Rajah of Travancore had esta-
blished an observatory and a printing press, and that
he appointed none but Christian Judges.
Much interest is evinced in the musical word at
the present moment in regard to the two new grand
operas to be produced at Berlin—one by Meyerbeer,
entitled Das Schlesische Feldlager, and the other by
Spontini, named Die Athenienserinn. The latter com-
poser, who is now at Dresden, will shortly return to
Berlin, to superintend the rehearsals of Die Athenien-
serinn' in which a Mdlle. Jenny Lind, a Swedish
lady by birth, who has lately been studying under
Meyerbeer, is to make her debut.

Captain Francis Edward Holyoake, R.N., formerly
our Consul at Dunkirk, died at the advanced agt of 85
years last week, at Studeley.
The amount of O'Connell tribute collected in Lime-
rick on Sunday was 3371. 4s. 63. The Limerick Re-
porter pronounces that " Limerick has nobly done
its duty." The amount exceeds that of any preceding
year save the last. The amount at Cork was 7641. 17s.
The Examiner expects that this sum will be increased
to at least 9001. Fermoy contributes 701., and Clon-
mel 2471."

A contemplated meeting of students of the Uni-
versity of Dublin at the Rotunda—to be attended in
academicals—for the purpose of protesting against the
Peel liberalising scheme with regard to Dublin Col-
lege, has been put 4 atop to by the University aUtho•
title&

are still silent—because barristers whd, expect pkomd-
tion, 'Countenance; or place, Still remember the wartiing
of tord Ebrington, and say nothing—because the army
and police dare not read the journals of the Liberal
press or join in the cry for repeal—and because persons
in every department of the few public offices in Ireland
have received notice to quit or be mute. This, you will
permit me to say, is at best but a very negative power,
and while you stop the mouth of the volcano, you do
not quench, but concentrate the fire, and notwithstand-
ing that there are still many waiters upon Providence—
many who are still content to take the crumbs which fall
from the rich man's table—the truth is every day becom-
ing more and more evident that the ranks of the re-
peelers are increasing—that nine-tenths of the Roman
Catholics are practical patriots, and that a large body of
the Orangemen, too, wish the cause to succeed, but
their esprit de corps prevents them as yet from say-
ing so ; for my part, I felt I would be doing violence
to my nature, dishonour to my religion, and injus-
tice to my country, in withholding my co-operation
(humble though it may be) from the NATIONAL cause.
I foreknew the consequences of my act, but could no
longer stifle the expression of my conviction, when the
master-spirit of our age—he whom Providence has raised
up the emancipating pillar of the Irish nation—who,
heaven directed, leads while he cheers his chosen people
from their long captivity—was sought by legal mystifica-
tion to be hidden from our view, whilst O'Connell was
himself a captive, when an ominously sullen gloom over-
hung this land—when the last ray of hope was about to
carry our faint prospects of justice to a foreign shore, to
be afterwards so gloriously and unexpectedly revived
there, by the voice of the immortal Denman, of whom it
may be said in the language of the poet,
Semper honos, nomenque tuum, laudesque manebunt.'
When there was no longer in Ireland any chance of
Justice to Ireland,' I came forward, but at the eleventh
hour. I did not, on that account, expect an exception
in my favour for so long a time, even to prove a rule, and
though I could have anticipated this mark of his Lord-
ship's displeasure by my voluntary resignation, I did not
wish to commit so pusillanimous a suicide, but, relying
on my constitutional right to act as I have done, I now
willingly accept the intended degradation at the hands
of his Lordship, and I shall rest content with the mens
conscia sibi recti' to take my stand at the bur, as I am no
longer considered worthy of a seat on that bench which
cannot now be held by any one, but at the willing sacri-
fice of self-esteem and public independence. I cease to
be a magistrate of this county, only to become a more
determined national repealer.—l have the honour to re
main your very obedient humble servant,
"LUKE JOSEPH SHEA, ex-J.P., and Barrister.
at-Law."

IRELAND.
DUBLIN UNIVERSITY—ORANGE
MOVEMENT.
DUBLIN, Nov. 20.—The statement of the Dublin
Warder, respecting the anti-Peel movement amongst
the divinity students, has produced some excitement
in the University, and led to a decided course of action
on the part of the board of Senior Fellows.
The Statesman, an Orange journal, contains the
following on this subject :
"An article quoted in another column from the
Warder, with reference to Wyse and Peel's proposed
University tamperings, mentions that the Regius Pro-
fessor of Divinity had spoken, in his opening prelection,
this term, of the possibility that this might be his last
occasion of addressing them as an officer of a Protes-
tant University.
" We understand that yesterday (Monday) the Rev.
Mr. M`Neice, Archbishop King's Lecturer in Divinity,
warned the students of the junior class, that any attend-
ance upon a political meeting of the sort referred to
would be a direct breach of academic discipline, and
would be so treated by the board. We understand, also,
that this day. Dr. Elrington, Regius Professor of Divi-
nity, advised the senior class not to take any part in such
movements ; and also explained that he did not speak of
likelihood, but merely of the dangers threatened by the
enemies of the Protestant cause and of the University
and Church of Ireland.
" Of course, in consequence of these admonitions, no
public step of a political hue will be taken by university
students in that capacity.
"Since writing the above, we learn that a special
meeting of the board was held this day, and that it was
resolved to publish on the gate of Trinity College the
old rule of the board, which prohibits all students from
taking part in political assemblies. This rule, which is
now upon the gate, originated in 1798, or thereabouts,
we believe, and was revived in 1834 ; but we do not
know that-it was ever before published, or that in any
mode whatever a student could be reasonably presumed
to be informed of it. We see it, indeed, printed in the
recent new edition of the statues, but these will be in
very few hands. Of course the rule will be at once and
heartily obeyed to the letter ; but equally, of course, it
will be found a step not without deep and ulterior consc
quences to tamper with any more bulwarks of Pro
testantism.”

THE CORPORATION AND THE TREASURY.
At the meeting of the corporation of Dublin, yes-
terday, the Town-clerk read the following letter from
the Lords of the Treasury, in reply to a communica-
tion from the Council, dated Sept. 10 :
" Treasury Chambers, Nor. 16, 1844.
"My Lord,—The Lords Commissioners of her Ma-
jesty's Treasury having had before them the letter from
the Town-clerk of the city of Dublin, dated 10th Septem-
ber last, in reply to the letter of this board of the 31st of
August last, upon the subject of the arrangements pro-
posed by the corporation of Dublin, for charging their
estates with a sufficient sum to pay off certain city bonds
and pipe water debentures, with a view to an annual
saving, by a reduction of the interest now payable on
those bonds and debentures, I am commanded by their
Lordships to acquaint you that, under the peculiar cir-
cumstances in which the corporation are placed, their
Lordships are disposed to reconsider the financial scheme
proposed by the council, with a view to ascertain whe-
ther the interest on the corporate debt can be reduced in
a manner more in accordance with the usual practice of
this board than that originally proposed.
" My Lords desire me to state that they continue to
entertain objections to the plan of parcelling out so large
a sum as that required by the corporation among credi-
tors of 1001. each.
" Their Lordships are, however, informed by the
Town-clerk's letter, of the 10th of September last, that
the Hibernian Bank would agree to consolidate the
bonds and debentures into somewhat larger amounts,
such as sums of 5001., 300 t, 2001., and 1001, instead of
the present 1001. debentures.
" Such consolidation, if carried to such an extent as to
divide the debt among a large proportion of creditors of
5001. and 3001., leaving comparatively few of smaller
sums, would lessen the objections entertained by this
board to the proposed scheme. My Lords, therefore,
before they proceed to the reconsideration of the whole
question, would wish to be informed of the utmost ex-
tent to which the Hibernian Bank will consent to such a
consolidation of the 1001. debentures into larger sums.—
I am, my Lord, your most obedient humble servant,
" To the Lord Mayor of Dublin.. TREVELYAN."
The corporation had given notice that they would
reduce the rate of interest on their debentures on the
29th September last, that being the gale-day, and to
enable them to make such reduction in the manner
then proposed, the sanction of the Lords of the Trea-
sury was required. Accordingly, a correspondence
on the subject ensued; and now, to a letter dated the
10th September, on a subject to be concluded on the
29th of that month, an answer is forwarded by the
Lords of the Treasury of the 16th November ! The
matter so treated by the Lords of the Treasury related
to a saving to the citizens of Dublin of not less than
1,3001. a year. The corporation not having received
a final answer in proper time from the Treasury,
might have been involved in great difficulty but for
the intervention of the Hibernian Bank, which en-
abled them to keep faith with their creditors and carry
out the reduction of interest for which they had given
notice.

This conduct of the Treasury was the cause of
much severe animadversion at the meeting of the
town council, and the repealers availed themselves of
so good a topic. "'—
RESISTANCE TO THE POOR-RATE.
The Mayo Constitution says :—" A police force,
under the command of Sub-inspector Walshe, and
Mr.
to that
rate part of the parish of Islandeady which is
in the Castlebar union, on Saturday last. At first
the collector met with fierce opposition, and stones
were flung at him ; but owing to the conciliatory
course adopteTtoivards the people, a good deal of the
rate was paid, and the remainder promised. It is
but just to Mr. Kelly to say that, in several cases
where he saw that persons were not able to pay, he
paid the rate for them himself. This creditable act
ought to be stated?'
ANOTHER DISMISSAL FROM THE MA-
GISTRACY.
The Cork Reporter contains the following corre-
spondence, commencing with a letter to the editor of
that journal :
" The Rennies, Carrigaline, Nov. 18, 1844.
" Sir—Having had the honour of being admitted a
member of the Loyal National Repeal Association on the
Ist of July, I have been now visited with the usual
laconic notice of Mr. Henry Sugden, which gave rise to
the following eorrespondence.—l am your obedient ser-
vant, " LUKE JOSEPH SHEA."
" Secretary's-office, Four Courts,
Dublin, Nov. 8, 1844.
" Sir—lt having been reported to the Lord Chan-
cellor that you are a member of the Repeal Association,
I am directed to ask you, as a magistrate, whether the
report is correct.— have the honour to be, Sir, your
most obedient servant, " HENRY SUGDEN.
" Luke John Shea, Esq., &c.' "
"
" Ringmahon Castle, Cork, Nov. 12, 1844.
Sir,—your letter of the Bth iust. did not reach me
until this day, owing to my absence from " The Ren-
nies," and being on a visit here with my father-in-law,
Mr. James Murphy, which will account for your not
having heard from me in due course.
" By your communication I am informed of a report
having been made t 6 the Lord Chancellor that I am a
member of the Repeal Association,' and you ask me, as
a magistrate, whether the report is correct ?
" In reply, I have the honour to state, for the in-
formation of his Lordship, that on or about the Ist of
July last I sent a letter to Smith O'Brien, Esq., accom-
panied by a subscription to the repeal fund, and I am
informed that I have been admitted a member of the
Loyal National Repeal Association of Ireland, and I
have further to add, I subscribed myself then, as I have
still, the privilege (at the pleasure of his
rdship) to
do, a magistrate of the county of Cork, and am your very
obedient servant, &c.,
" LUKE JOSEPH SHEA, J.P.
" Henry Sugden, Esq., Secretary's Office,
Four Courts, Dublin.
" N.B. Your letter directed to Luke John Shea,
Esq., I presume was intended for me.'
" Secretary's Office, Four Courts, Dublin, Nov. 15.
" have the honour to acknowledge the receipt
of your letter of the 12th inst., and I am directed by the
Lord Chancellor to inform you that he regrets he has
felt it his duty to supersede you in the commission of the
peace.—l have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient
servant,
" < HENRY SUGDEN.
" Luke Joseph Shea, Esq.' "
" The Rennies, Carrigaline, County Cork,
Nov. 18. 1844.
" Sir—l have received an intimation from you, bear-
ing date the 15th inst., that the Lord Chancellor has
thought fit to deprive me of the commission of the peace
for the county of Cork. I therefore beg leave in reply
to say, that intelligence has come upon me without sur-
prise, as I have already seen so many instances of the
practice, but in no case have I heard it alleged that in
any amongst the magistrates who joined and who have
been visited with the intended penalty of a sttpersedeas,
for so joining the peaceable association of their country-
men for a legal object to be obtained by strictly legal
means—have been guilty of the slightest violation of the
laws which they were sworn to enforce, or in any manner
infringed upon the principles of the Constittition, which
they learned at all times to respect, and under any cir-
cumstances sacredly to uphold as the safeguard of the
State ; in a word, i have yet to know how or when we
ceased to be loyal selects, or impartial magistrates?—
You will, then, allow me to say, that in my humbie opi-
nion, you do his Lordship the Chanttlior, in his Minis,
terial capacity a great injustice when you make him
thus peenoutte my doom 'sic volo, sic jubeo, stet pro
ratione voluntas.'
" I respectfully bow to the decision of his Lordship,
but it makes the fact to me the more blear; that hotlling•
can serve Ireland btit fepetti. l:Voinises have been made
and at soon broken. This kingdom has been the play-
thing of party in every age. A Government (exhibiting
some profession of good perhaps) chanced to have had a
short existence one day, but again the picture is re-
versed, and our faint hopes are blackened. We have
seen alternate courses of conciliation and coercion, tan-
talized by English friends, and oppressed by English
foes—lrishmen are MADE to feel that no consistency can
be relied upon except in the security of self-government.
This, I say, is the conviction on the minds of many, and
it is mine, though Government may think themselves
strong because they have apparently succeeded
stifling, not the opinion, but the expression of it in some ,
—because magistrates who have :got aristocratic friends!

MR. O'CONNELL IN TRALEE.
(From the Kerry Examiner.)
From an early hour yesterday (Monday) the popu-
fation for twenty miles round the town were all in
motion—all proceeding to the grand object of attrac-
tion, Tralee, from whence the procession to compli-
ment the illustrious Liberator was to start at twelve
o'clock. At twelve o'clock, the hour appointed, there
was a general move towards Mulgrave-bridge, the
place appointed for the rendezvous, when the various
trades proceeded, with their beautiful new silk ban-
ners, which had been prepared for the occasion, to
take up their several positions. The Castle-street
band shortly after, dressed in their splendid military
uniform, drove along the street in a novel sort of
chariot, being no other than the celebrated boat, be•
longing to Dr. Blennerhassett, which had the honour
of visiting the metropolis, with her gallant crew,
when Tory injustice consigned the Liberator to
Richmond Penitentiary. This boat, the famous
Colleen Dhas, placed as it was on the body of a car-
riage, to which it was firmly bound, and bearing
the inscriptions, " Hurrah, for Lords Denham, Cot-
tenham, and Campbell, Daniel O'Connell, and Repeal
of the Union," "Remember the 30th of May,"
awakened in the bosoms of the spectators the warmest
respect for the worthy owner. Notwithstanding
the distance the quay of Blennerville is from the
town, the seamen in the harbour seemed to participate
in the universal ardour—the captains of the dif-
ferent vessels having ordered, at six o'clock in the
morning, to hoist all the flags on board to respect
Ireland's vindicator. The appointed hour having
arrived, the procession proceeded along the Mall,
with banners inscribed with the appropriate mottoes
of each trade. Immediately in front of the proces-
sion were Dr. Blennerhassett, the Rev. Bartholomew
O'Conner, P.P., Milltown ; Rev. Jeremiah Connell,
P.P., Bawnmore ; Rev. T. L. M'Donnell, R.C.C„
Bawnmore ; Rev. O'Callaghan, P.P., Bally-M'Elli-
gott ; Rev. E. O'Flaherty, Tralee ; Daniel
and Justin Supple, Esqs., Dr. King; the Messrs.
Donevan, Mulchinock, Fitzgibbon, &c.
The procession having passed the barrack, the
gates of which, by-the-way, were closed, and the
loop-holes stuffed with straw, proceeded along the
picturesque and romantic glens of the new line of
road to Miltown. Along this line the scene was
majestically grand. The eye of man, perhaps, seldom
witnessed a sight more imposing than what was
there presented. As the dense mass of human beings
wound along this meandering road, the mountain
presented the appearance of some mighty encamp-
ment, as the banners moved in front of its heath-clad
sides, while the national airs, re-echoing from every
hollow ravine, spoke as if with a thousand tongues
to the Irish heart.
Having gained the summit, the whole body, which
could not have amounted to less than fifty or sixty
thousand persons,
halted to await the arrival of their
illustrious Liberator. The delay was but short,
when the cheers of thousands who accompanied the
Liberator on his route proclaimed his near approach.
Nothing could equal the enthusiasm of the multitude
on his arrival. As he slowly passed along, the lines
were drawn up to meet him. Having again formed,
they moved down the mountains, and on reaching
the barrack, outside the town, the several bands, on
passing by, struck up the royal anthem—" God save
the Queen, —amidst loud cheers for her gracious
Majesty. The procession at length arrived in town,
and conducted the Liberator to Miss Connor's house,
Denny-street, where he alighted amidst general accla-
mation.

Mr. O'CoNNELL then presented himself at the
window, and was received with the most deafening
cheers, which continued for several minutes. After
silence was restored, the Hon. and Learned Gentleman
said—Fellow-countrymen,—l am anxious that the
bands may now stop playing, as I am unwilling
that the men who have done me the honour
of accompanying me to town may be exposed to
the rain. In the fullest tone of satisfaction and
delight, I must express my warmest thanks for the
very kind reception my friends have given me this
day, in my native county.—(Loud cheers.) It has
been observed that no man is considered a prophet in
his own country; however I have received marks of
your affectionate regard beyond anything I could
anticipate. It is impossible for me to find words to
describe how I feel. I again thank you for your
kindness. My gratitude towards you is not founded
on the consideration that the compliment is personal.
No, my gratitude to you is for Ireland—(Cheers)—
and your devotion in the cause of Old Ireland—
(Loud cheers)—for which every man of you is ready
to die if necessary. And are you not ready to live
for it ?—(Loud cheers) Yes, you are, and your
attachment to it to day proves it. You are deter-
mined to stand in support of fatherland—(Cheers),
—for liberty and Ireland—(lmmense cheering),—for
repeal of the union and Ireland.—(Tremendous
cheering.) For this I have laboured as during the
struggle of Emancipation ; but I had always an ulte-
rior object—not, however, to place the Catholic or
the Protestant in the ascendancy, but to make both
the possessors of property in the land of their birth.
—(Loud cheers.) For this have I struggled—to
have Ireland for the Irish—Scotland for the Scotch—
Wales for the Welsh—and with all my heart, England
for the English.—(Cheers.) But I insist that Ire-
land must be for the Irish.—(Cheering for several
minutes.) For my attachment to this principle they
sent me to the felons' gaol—to a prison for one hun-
dred days—(Loud groans)—but here I am as merry
as ever.—(Long continued cheers.) They had no more
right to send me there than I would have to send
the judges who tried me there. How much they
would deserve it you all can judge. I need not re-
mind you of the law having been violated, the packed
jury and the jury lists.—(Groans.) I committed no
crime; my only crime was my love for Ireland—
(Cheers)—but if it is a crime to love Ireland, let them
punish me again; for I love Ireland as much as ever.
(Great cheering.) I have now come from my na-
tive mountains, still determined to struggle against
the enemies of Ireland, looking for the great and
mighty object of all our aspirations, liberty. And
oh I what can expand the human heart in its greatest
amplitude more than the obtainment of liberty and
the amelioration of the condition of the people ? If
the people of this country had employment, how happy
would they feel ; if the absentee rents were spent in
works of public utility, how different would be the
state Of the labouring class. If we had the 6,000,0001.
a year expended amobg the people, to how many
would it afford employment ? It Would put in circa- '
latioh 500,000/. a month, 125,000/. a week, or about
18,0001. a day, including Suntlay,--(Loud cheers.)
What employment this would afford. What w cheerful
Country would this be, You would have the farmers
comfortable—you Would have the labourer able to
bhtain fiom the farmer reitntmetatioh for his labour.
—(Loud cheers.) don t ineah to detdifi you at this
late hour by other topics on the repeal question, but
I have been informed by gentlemen in other parts of
the coutity that the people are alive to the subject—
I Perei'Ve by this day's display that Kerry is alive.
—(Loud cheering.) I have sufficient proof of that
fact by your conduct to-day.—(Loud cheers.) Your
peaceful, orderly conduct in the national cause must
be crowned with success.—(Cheers.) Let us have no
anger or irritation, no hatred to any man. lam now
contending for the interests of Protestants as well as
Catholics. My heart beats only for the good of Ire-
land. I begin now, and will not cease until we have
the Parliamont House again in College-green.—(lm-
mense peals of cheering, during which the Liberator
retired.)
Mr. O'Connell shortly after appeared at the win-
dow, and advised the immense assemblage to disperse
to ieir homes, on which till quickly separated. The

TIIE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EYENIN G, NTOVEIVIBE 2l

Castle-street and Square Temperance Rooms were
brilliantly illuminate.

LITERARY PROPERTY.

The last number of the Phrenological Journal con-
tains the following letter from Mr. Combe, " On the
Law of Copyright," which places the subject in a new
light :---•

" Sir,—During the whole period of the recent con-
, troversy regarding the amendment of the law of copy-
' right, I preserved silence, bein6 aware of the ten-
dency of self-interest to bias the judgment; but now,
when the question is settled, and is not likely to be
revived during the lives of the existing generation of
authors, I am desirous of placing on record the views
which occurred to me on the subject, and which are
in some respects different from any which I saw stated
by the learned and able writers who took part in
the discussion. As the result at which I have arrived
seem to be directly, and, I hope, logically deducible
from the principles of phrenology, they may, perhaps,
not inappropriately find a place in your pages.
" With the view of avoiding details, which now
possess no interest, I shall proceed at once to the
main point in dispute between authors and the
public. The former claimed a perpetual property in
their works; while the advocates of limited copyright
opposed their demand, as unfounded in justice,
and detrimental to the public interests. The oppo-
sition was maintained chiefly on two grounds, viz., Ist,
That property is the creature of the law; that authors,
therefore, have no inherent right of property in their
works; and that any extent of exclusive privilege of
publication conferred on them by the Legislature is a
boon for which they should be grateful, but which
they had no right to demand ; and, 2dly, That the
public interests require that a limit should be set to
copyright, otherwise authors, or their representatives,
might capriciously withdraw the most valuable and
useful works from the circulation, or sell them at a
price so extravagantly high that only the affluent
could procure them.
" The first argument, that authors have no inhe-
rent right of property in their works, appears to have
been drawn from an opinion of Bentham, expressed in
his Theory of Legislation. Property and laws,'
says he, are born together, and die together.
Before laws were made there was no property :
take away laws, and property ceases.' Phrenologi-
cally and philosophically, this dictum will not stand
investigation. The organ and faculty of acquisitive-
ness are inherent not only in man, but in many of the
lower animals, and give rise in both to an instinctive
sense of property. Lord Kaimes justly remarks that
man is a hoarding animal, having an appetite for
storing up things of use and Chancellor Kent, of the
State of New York, says that the sense of property is
inherent in the human breast, and the gradual enlarge-
ment and cultivation of that sense, from its feeble
form in the savage state to its full vigour and maturity
among polished nations, forms a very instructive
portion in the history f human society.' (Kent's
Commentaries, ii., 318.) I need not enlarge on this
proposition, because it is admitted by phrenologists in
general, and is, besides, placed in the clearest light,
and very ably supported, in Mr. Hurlbut's excellent
lecture on the Right and Moral Relations of Pro-
perty,' published in vol. xv., p. 97, of your journal, to
which I beg leave to refer.
"Co-existent with this sense of property, we find
in man organs of conscientiousness, benevolence, and
intellect, and the corresponding mental powers, evi-
dently intended to serve as guides to his general con-
duct, and, consequently, to the proper exercise of his
acquisitive propensity. Human laws are, or, at least,
ought to be, simply transcripts of the dictates of the
latter faculties, enlightened by knowledge and expe-
rience. Laws may regulate, but cannot confer, any
just rights. They may legitimately expound, define,
and protect them ; but the moment human legislators
assume the power of creating rights which nature
has not previously bestowed, they commit injustice,
and prepare the way for the introduction into society
of insecurity and suffering.
" Mr. Locke observes, that the labor of a man's
body and the work of his hands are properly his;' and
it seems no undue stretch of the proposition to ffirm
that equally should the labour of his brain, embodied
by the work of his hands, be his. The man who
procures from nature, or obtains by purchase, certain
raw materials, and by his own labour and ingenuity
works them up into a machine or piece of furniture,
is recognised by all civilised nations as the exclusive
proprietor, in perpetuity, of the article produced ;
and I am at a loss to discover on what principle it
can be maintained that an individual, who, from ori-
ginal invention, or the current science and literature
of his age, composes a book, should not possess the
exclusive right, in perpetuity, to this product also of
his labour and ingenuity.
" But it is agreed in the
" Second place, that the public interests require that
limits should be set to copyrights, otherwise authors
or their representatives might capriciously withdraw
valuable works from circulation, and thereby retard
the progress of society in virtue and civilisation. It
is a very ancient and a very sound maxim, that
nunquam aliud natura, aliud sapienta dicit ;' in other
words, nature is so constituted that it is never neces-
sary to rob an individual of his just rights, in order
to promote the real advantage of society. The rights
of the one, and the interests of the other, are in all
cases compatible; because the same great Being who
laid the foundation of society in the nature of man,
also conferred on the individual his rights; and He is
too wise and powerful to have rendered the two con-
flicting. A few elucidations will, I hope, show that
the case of copyright forms no exception to this
general rule.
" Books may consist, Ist, Of new ideas never be-
fore published to the world; 2dly, Of the science and
literature of past and present ages, mixed up with
the author's own observations and reflections; or,
3dly, Of the expressions of fancies, emotions, and
passions, common to the human race, but invested
with a peculiar charm by the author from the man-
ner in which he embodies them. Newton's Principia,
Harvey's work on the Circulation of the Blood, and
Sir Charles Bell's Dissertations on the Functions of

the Spinal Nerves, all of which communicated dis-
coveries, may be selected as a specimen of the first
class ; Dr. Neil Arnott's Elements of Physics, of the
second; and Campbell's Pleasures of Hope, of third.
I ask, then, what does a perpetual copyright in such
works imply ? Not an exclusive proprietorship in
the ideas and reflections, in the fancies, passions, or
emotions, embodied in them ; but simply in the
author's peculiar mode of expressing them—in that
combination of words which he employs in order to
convey them to the world. The ideas themselves,
with all their consequences and applicatiois, are left
free as air to the public, although the copyright of
the work in which they are embodied he preserved
inviolate to the author and his heirs. In our own
day, Sir Charles Bell's discovery of the nerves of
motion and feeling is transferred to every systematic
work on physiology in Europe and America, although
the copyright of the special essays in which he an-
nounced
it still belongs to his representatives.
" In regard to this class of works, then, there is no
reason for maintaining that the public interests
require that the discoverer's copyright should be
limited.

" In regard to the second class of books, I trust
that I do no injustice to Dr. Arnott in saying, that
all the principles of science which enter into his
treatise, pre-existed in the works of his predecessors,
and that the peculiar merit of his composition, in
my opinion, consists in the clear arrangement and
perspicuity of elucidation of his propositions. If a
perpetual copyright were granted to Dr. Arnott, it
is clear that the whole principles, or, in other words,
the entire raw material of the work, would be left as
free to the public as they were before he wrote. The
only thing of which it would then be in his power to
deprive them, would be the advantage of that curiosa
felicitas docendi, in which his peculiar merit consists.
But the talents which produced those results were
conferred on him, as an individual, by the Creator,
when He gave him a peculiar conformation of brain,
and a temperament characterised by fineness and
activity; and it is difficult to discover on what
principles of justice society can consistently deprive
him of the advantages of that gift, or limit his en-
joyment of it, while they respect the right of
property in perpetuity in tables and chairs, made by
the hands of far less talented and less accomplished
men.

" It is argued, however, that were the law to
recognise a perpetual copyright in this work, Dr.
Arnott, or his heirs, might capriciously deprive the
public of the instruction it contains. In so far as re-
gards the author himself, nature has given a pretty
effective guarantee against such an unreasonable
course of conduct; because a brain in which the
organs of benevolence, conscientiousness, love of ap-
probation, and reflection, were so deficient as to render
the individual capable of acting in such a manner,
could not compose such a work. It is an extreme
supposition that his heir or assigns might be so in-
fatuated—it is supposing them to be insane, and,
nevertheless, at large ; but as such an occurrence
might happen, I shall, for the present, assume that it
actually does present itself, and inquire into the means
Whith nature has provided for the protection of the
public interests in such an emergency. They are
simple.
"The ideas contained in the work are public pro-
perty; and all that is wanted is a re-expression of
them in such a form as may supply the void occasioned
by the withdrawal of Dr. Arnott's treatise. The
power of composition depends on temperament and
cerebral development, and nature has not confined
those gifts to Dr. Arnott. She has ushered into the
world other brains and temperaments capable of
running the race in which Dr. Arnott has conquered; '
and if his work were withdrawn, and the public
needed his ideas, other individuals would speedily
appear to supply the desired information. In point of
fact, every author on science knows and feels that he
holds his place only until an abler brain appears to
wrest the laurels from his brow, and the bread from

44.

his mouth. He stands in a situation similar to that
of the champion of England in the barbarous age of
pugilistic combats. rtorti the first hour of his
pub-
lication to the last day of Ms fame, he is exposed to
the chalingt of every rival who chooses to enter
the field with a view to occupy his place; and as
the public never fails, sooner or later, to award the
prize to the highest merit, he holds his supretnacy
only Mind ha IS able to distance every competitor.
The law which limits his copyright may despoil him
of his bread, before such a rival has appeared. It
may wrest from him and deliver over to men of infe-
rior capacity, the profits of his genius, at the very
time when these men acknowledge that they cannot,
by the exercise of their own powers, rival him in the
career of public usefulness. If they could do so,
there would be no need of infringing his rights ; for
the publication of a treatise of higher merit would
extinguish his work, and bring it to an end by natu-
ral dissolution. Even assuming that it might be cen-
turies before a writer appeared capable of producing
such a clear, eloquent, and instructive elucidation of
the principles of mechanical science as the work in
question, this would only present stronger motives to
Dr. Arnott's representatives to enlarge its circula-
tion ; but if they were so insane as not to do so, the
inherent rights of all authors should not be violated
because the representatives of one happened to be mad.
" This argument applies to works of every kind,
the substance of which consists of useful and practical
ideas. The law which regulates patents for mecha-
nical inventions denies to all individuals the exclusive
use of principles ; and, in like manner, no author
claims, or can justly pretend to, an exclusive right to
particular ideas, facts, notions, or scientific postulates
or inductions. All that he contends for is the right
of property in his own special combinations of the
elements of thought—leaving to all the world the free
privilege of making similar, or better combinations of
them, at their own discretion, and to the buyers the
right of preferring the works which they find to be
most instructive.

" The third class of publications embraces novels
and poetry ; in short, all works of fiction and fancy.
What would a perpetual copyright of such works
imply ? It would confer no exclusive property in the
emotions, incidents, and ideas, which form their sub-
stance ; but solely in the special combination of the
words by which they are expressed. On one occasion
Mrs. Siddons happened to read one of the sublimest
passages of Shakspeare in the presence of the late Mr.
Sotheby, the translator of Oberon and other works.
When she paused, he exclaimed Fine words! Grand
words !' and, after a few moments, added ' Now, these
words would not have occurred to me This remark
renders the thing which would be covered by the
copyright of such works as clear as the noonday sun.
It would be, as in the other instances already cited,
only the special combination of words by means of
which the ideas and emotions are expressed; and the
power of making this combination is a gift so pecu-
liarlyindividual that no species of property can
surpass it in sacredness. It depends on a particular
size and combination of cerebral organs, and a par-
ticular temperament, which impart strength, fire, re-
finement, and sublimity, to the products of the pen.
If man can be said to create anything, it is such works
as those of Shakspeare, Milton, Byron, Scott, and
Campbell. These are pure luxuries to the public ;
they cannot justly be viewed as articles of necessity,
because the ideas and sentiments contained in them
may all be applied to general use. It is only the
magnificent forms in which the inspired sons of genius
have embodied them that are claimed as sacred ; and
it appears to me to be a mere wanton exercise of
power in the public to appropriate these, while a re-
presentative of the author is to be found alive on earth.
The first and grand motive to the composition of
such works is the conscious delight of creating them;
the second, the love of fame ; the third, the hope of
doing good, directly or indirectly; and the last and
least, the expectation of pecuniary profit. Every
age produces its own sons of genius; and if, by such
incredible suppositions as I have already allowed, the
representations of a Shakspeare or a Milton were to
step the sale of their works, no substantial interest
of the public would suffer; for, even could the copies
already issued be recalled, new minstrels would arise,
who, writing under the same inspirations, and guided
by the lights of science and of a more advanced phi-
losophy, would, in all probability, sing new songs of
emotion and fancy, not inferior to those of their pre-
decessors in fire, energy, and refinement, while they
might surpass them in purity, truth, and all the
grander elements of thought.
" With all deference, therefore, to the able indi-
viduals who have controverted the title of authors to
a copyright in perpetuity, it appears to me that jus.
tice supports their claim, and that the interests o
society are not exposed to the least danger in gran
ing am, &c. " GEO. COMBE."