The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-23 00:00:00

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

SALES BY AUCTION.

SALES BY AUCTION.

ESSEX.-ON THE BORDERS OF SUFFOLK.

"THE AUBERIES," an IMPORTANT FREEHOLD MAN-
SION and ESTATE, comprising about 1,400 Acres, situate
within a mile of the navigable river Stour, which divides the
counties, and two miles only from the excellent market town of
Sudbury. The Kelvedon Station, on the Eastern Counties Rail-
way, brings the Estate within three hours and a half of the

metropolis.
MR. W. W. SIMPSON has received directions
from Colonel Merrick to offer for SALE by AUCTION,
at tlre Auction Mart, on WEDNESDAY, the 25th September, at
Twelve, in Lots,
That valuable and much-admired FREEHOLD ESTATE
called " THE ' AUBERIES," with its modern Mansion of hand.
some elevation, seated in a Park of 120 acres of delightfully varied
and undulating surface, studded with majestic timber, and corn.
mending most extensive and interesting views of the surrounding
country. It is environed by pleasure grounds and plantations of
luxuriant growth, in which is an ornamental sheet of water, bridge,
and bath.house. The mansion, which opens to a beautiful lawn,
flower-garden, and terrace-walk, contains on the principal floor
handsome reception and conservatory, en suite, 150 feet in length,
and which communicate with an, elegant drawing.room. The
sleeping apartments and domestic accommodation are of a most
perfect deicription, and the whole admirably adapted for the mi.
dence of a family of distinction. The stabling, coach .houses, and
out-offices, are of a commensurate extent. The principal lodge-
entrance to the park is on the high London road. The kitchen
gardens, which are of considerable extent, are walled, and planted
with the choicest fruit trees, grapery, and gardener's cottage.
The demesne portion of the estate is in hand, and, including the
park, consists of about 650 acres. The remainder of the property
contains about 750 acres, and is let in four farms to tenants of Ihe
first class. The farm-houses, agricultural buildings, Roc , upon the
entire estate are adapted to the occupations ; and the lands, which
are highly cultivated, are of deep staple, and, with few exceptions,
are of a convertible and productive description. The estate is well
stocked with game in all its varieties, and the country is hunted
by the fox-hounds of Richard Marriott, Esq.
Descriptive particulars of the estate are in preparation. Mr.
Simpson, however, in the meantime, invites an immediate inspection
of the mansion and lands, which may be viewed by cards, on appli-
cation to Messrs. Steadman and Son, solicitors, Sudbury; Messrs.
Cox and Williams, solicitors; 62, Lincoln's Inn-fields; Messrs.
Wharton and Ford, solicitors, 64, Lincoln's Inn-fields ; Mr.
Charles H. Branwhite, Gestingthorpe, near Halstead (who will
show the estate) ; and to Mr. W. W. Simpson, 18, Bucklerabury.

PURSUANT to a DECREE of the HIGH
COURT of CHANCERY, made in a Cause of SMITH versus
GREVILLE, the creditors of the Right llon. LOUISA COUNTESS
of MANSFIELD, late of Richmond, in the county of Surrey, widow,
who died on the 11th day of July, 1843, are to come in and prove their
debts before Sir WILLIAM HORNE, one of the Masters of the said
Court, at his Chambers in Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane,
London, on or before the 14th day of November, 1844, or in default
thereof, they will be peremptorily excluded the benefit of the said
Decree.

NEAL and GANT, Plaintiff's solicitors,
August 6, 1844. 5, Austin Friars

SIR W. BURNETT'S PATENT
The cheapest and best process for the Preservation of Timber
Calms, Cordage, Cotton, Woollen &e.
Licenses granted to Noblemen and Gentlemen to use the Prepara-
tion ; and to others for the purposes of Trade, en adrantageosts,
terms.

Hydraulic Apparatus and Tanks, for the expeditious preparation of
tho above materials, at the principal station Millwall, Poplar, nearly
opposite Greenwich.
Numerous Specimens and Testimonials may be seen, and every in-
formation obtained at the Office, No. 53, King William-street, Lon-
don-bridge.

CANDLES TO BURN WITHOUT SNUFF-
ING, 61d. per lb.
PALMER and CO.'S DECIMAL PALM CANDLES (10 to lb.)
give the light of two common Tallow Candles, require no snuffing,
and can be used in any Candlestick.
Sold at the Oil-shops, Grocers, &c., at &id. per lb. Also, at the
same price, PALM CANDLES (6 to lb.) to be used in tho Candle
Lamps.—Manufactory, Sutton-street, Clerkenwell, London.

DAVIES'S FINE WAX CANDLES, 16.5 d. per lb.;
they only require trial to prove them the handsomest and
most economical candles in existence, that do not require snuffing.
Genuine Sperm Candles, 2s. 2d. per lb.—Superior transparent Wax, 2s.
2d .—G enuine Wax, 2s. 3d.—Best kitchen and office C andles, d .—Ex-
tra fine Moulded Candles, with the improved Wax Wicks, 7d.—Tellow
Soap, 465., 525., and 58s. per 1121bs.—Mottled, 60s. and 645.—Wind-
ser and Palm, Is. 4d. per packet.—Old Brown Whnisor, Is. 9d.—R!,lso,
2s.—Camphor, 28.—Superior Almond, 2s. 6d.—Superfine Sealing-
wax, 4s. 6d. per lb.—Refined Sperm Oil, 7s. Od. per gallon—Solar Oil,
Zs. 6d.—For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old Established Warehouse, 63, St.
Martin's-lane (opposite New Slaughter's Coffeehouse), Charing-cross.

CHEAP LIGHT.
FDWARD PRICE and CO., Patentees and Sole
A Manufacturers of the COMPOSITE CANDLES, respectfully
call the attention of the Public to the fact, that, although the price of
these is somewhat higher than that of ordinary mould Candles, they
are in reality much cheaper than these latter; one real Composite
Candle giving about the same quantity of light as three of the moulds.
They require no snuffing, and burn more brilliantly than the best
wax. The purposes of economy and luxury arc therefore both served
at the same time by the use of these Candles. Parties intending to
try them for the first time, are earnestly requested to take care that
they are served in the shops with " PRICE'S PATENT CANDLES:"
the reason for this caution is given elsewhere.
They are sold by most of the respectable tallow chandlers through-
out the kingdom, and wholesale to the trade by Edward Price and
Co., Belmont, Vauxhall ; and by Palmer and Co., Sutton-street,
Clerkenwell.

EASE IN WALKING.
WILLIAM BADDELEY, of 130, STRAND,
is induced to give publicity to his much-admirei PRE-
PARED LEATHER (so noted for extreme SOFTNESS and
DUR A 3ILITY), in consequence of the patronage he has received,
and the general satisfaction given by him in manufacturing the above
into BOOTS, &c., on his peculiar fitting principle of combining
elegance with ease. An extensive assortment of best made articles
always ready on sale. Established 50 years.
No I'o, Strand, corner of Waterloo-bridge, London.

LONDON and BRIGHTON RAILWAY.
SUNDAY TRAINS at HALF FARES to BRIGHTON and
BACK, at ss.

On Sundays, the I I th, 18th, and 25th of August, and the let of
September, an EXCURSION TIIIRD-CLASS TRAIN will leave
London at a Quarter-past Seven in the Morning, leaving Brighton,
to return, at'llalf-past Seven in the Evening.
London Terminus, August 5, 1844.

PARIS via BRIGHTON—DAILY
London to Dieppe in .................. 1 hours.
Dieppe to Rouen (seyen tiroos a day) in.. 4 hours.
Rouen to Paris in. 4 hours.

LONDON to PIRIM ............17 hours.
Fast and powerful steam-ships leave Brighton every day (Sundays
excepted) for Dieppe, and sail from Dieppe on their return to Brighton
six. days in the week. A Lino steam-vessel plies regularly between
Brighton and Havre, as before.
Particulars as to trains and cteam-packets will be suppliet at 37,
Regent-circus ; Chaplin and Horno's Offices ; and at this also.
Brighton Railway, London Terminus, August 5, 1344.

•MADEIRA REGULAR PACKET. War-
ranted to sail en the Ist September, calling in Channel for
passengers, the splendid new clipper brig DART, A 1 for 12 years,
242 tons per register, thoroughly copper fastened and coppered, I. W.
NEWTON, Commander, lying in the London Dock. This superior
vessel is built expressly for this trade, with the strictest regard to the
safety, comfort, and convenience of invalids and other passengers ;
has a raised quarter-dak 18 inches high and 43 feet long, and has au
experienced and attentive master. Passage money 201., which in-
cludes a liberal table, wines, bedding, &c. Servants and children
half-price.

For freight or passage apply to the Captain, on board; or to the
owner, Richard Dart, 3, IValbrook-buildings.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
CAPTAIN WARNER'S EXPERIMENT.

Inconsennence of the DESTRUCTIVE EXPLOSION off BRIGH-
TON, the Directors of the ROYAL POLYTECHIC INSTITUTION
yield to tko generally expressed wish that Dr. RYAN shonld adapt
one of kis Lectures to the subject of EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS.
This Lecture,!illustrated by interesting Experiments, so far as they can
be shovrn with perfect safety, will be delivered daily at half-past Three
o'clock, awl in tke Evenings of Montag, Wednesday, and Fridays,
at a Quarter to Nine o'clock. On Mondays and Saturdays, at Four
o'clock. Professor BACIIIIOFFNER'S Lectures, and all the ether
subjects of interest in the Institution.
Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

110SHERVILLE GARDENS.—These novel
and interesting Grounds (which now present all their attrac-
tions) far surpass in brilliancy of effect any other in the United King-
dom. Their beauties are daily appreciated by hosts of fashionable
visitors, who here enjoy all the delights of retirement with the com-
bined advantage of the amusements of Archery, Rifle Shooting, and
the Maze, which of itself forms a hind of great amusement. As usual,
a grand Fete and Gala, Mondays and Wednesdays, accompanied by a
splendid display of Fireworks. Baron Nathan, M.C. The steam-
boats are both cheap and expeditious, calling at the Roshervillo Piet
every half hour. Admission to the Gardens, Gd. each.

TWENTY POUNDS REWARD. - AB-
SCONDED, on Saturday night last, taking with him about
Two Hundred Pounds, in Notes, Gold, and Silver, GEORGE SCOTT,
aged about twenty-three years, rather sallow complexion, grey eyes,
dark curly hair, sharp features, of somewhat muscular and propor-
tionate frame, high check-bones projecting under forehead, and pro-
minent mouth ; has a slight mark on the chin, and is about five feat
nine inches in height; usually wears dark clothes.
Whovever will give information to Mr. Wood, " Weekly Dispatch"
office, Fleet-street, that may lead to the apprehension of the said
George Scott, shall receive the above reward.
Wednesday, August 14, 1844.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNIIILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIYISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent, on the anaonnta invested on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
BXA.NIPLBS.

.4 Bonus Bon
dm Pronilum• added. call lie .04
• "- rya

h,
Benin Bonus is
added. cub.. al
I
4 e. d.
77 5 1
64 6 6
al 5 11

091 Premium.
P
'TT X 5. d. d.
1537 170 9 3
60.100 74 11 4 'lB3B 144 2 2
1839 116 16 •

' H. 2 s. d.
12 3 9
9 16 4
7 11 9

Z s. ds
346 2 3
296 13 4
247 4 3

The divisioa of protits is anneal, and the next will be made in Ds-
oember of the present year. .

This institution offers mazy important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
pense er fbrfoiture of tho Policy, two-thirds of tke premium paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, aid the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
fbr terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, See.

LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITIES.

THE following are specimens of the LOW RATES
of PREMIUM charged by the AUSTRALASIAN COLO-
NIAL AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE ♦ND ANNUITY
COMPANY.

Age........

Annual Prem.

£1 10 3

42 0 7

£2 15 3

.£1 1 8

£6 39

and of these Premiums one-third may remain unpaid in the hands cf
the Assured, at interest to be deducted from the sums assured, when
they become claims. _

Peculiar facilities are afforded for the assurance of the lives of per-
sons proceeding to or residing in Australasia and the East Indies.
Immediate and Deferred Annuities .are granted by the Company,
on very favourable terms, and it is a peculiar feature in its constitu-
tion, that Annuitants participate in the profits.

DIRECTORS.
C. E. Mangles, Esq.
Henry Buckle, Esq. Richard Onslow, Esq.
John Henry Capper, Esq. William Walker, Esq.
RobertE. a
Barnard
Brooks,ar d
SECRETARY—E. Ryley, Esq•
For prospectuses and other particulars, apply at the offices, N 0.126,
Bishopgate-street, corner of Cornhill.
Esl
Esq." 13-s• Gideon Colqnhoun, Esq.

mEDIDSEIAcSAEDL
LIFE OFFICE.
20, PALL A L L
C pi 0
,ANI)NITEALTHY LIVES ASSURED.
vaThrylitswo:l,itcehitsheprpearyitdiceudia'arith very accurately constructed Tables, by
a INVALID,
OD,O
000 AN.
DNODN. GENERAL
which it can ASSURE DISEASED LIVES on Equitable Terms.
The Extra Premium discontinued on restoration of the Assured to
permanent health.
INCREASED ANNUITIES granted on unsound Lives, the amount
Members of CONSUMPTIVE FAMILIES assured at Equitable
Rates.

----HEALTHY LIVER
-- are Assured at Loner Rates than at most
other offices.

Policies of twelve months' standing are not affected by Suicides,
Dieiling' -"signed Policies are valid from the date of the
Policy Should death ensue from any of these causes.
F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.

VICTORIA UIEASSURANCE COMPANY.
TRUSTEES.
Sir JAMES DEKE,
BENJAMIN 14 • vv. Alderman, M.P.,
vv ES, Esq, Deputy Chairman.
Chairman.
BENJAMIN BARNARD, Esq.
CHARLES BALDWIN, Esq.
Peculiar advantages are offered by this Company. Thus—
Parties assuring the lives of others may make their policies secure,
notwithstanding the life assured may go out of the limits of Europe,
without the necessary pe
vieusly obtained. rrnission of the Directors having been pre-
Credit of half the premiums for the first five years allowed on po-
licies effected for the whole term of life.
On policies of five years' standing, half the amount paid, after the
first year's premium, may be borrowed thereon by the Assured.
Advances are also made to Assurers on real or undoubted personal
security,. for terms of years, repayable by instalments.
Attention is particularly requested to the detailed Prospectuses of
the Company, which may be obtained at the Office, 18, King
William-street, City, or by letter, addressed to the Secretary.
WILLIAM RATRAY, Actuary and Secretary.

EASE AND COMFORT IN SHAVING
MESSRS- 13. and S. CONYVAN'S invaluable
CANTON STROP, or QUADRILATERAL CHINESZ
RAZOR SHARPENER (Patronised by his Royal Highness
PRINCE ALBERT), renders the operation of shaving no longer
painful to the most tender skin. 13y a very simple process the
keenest edge may speedily be given to the bluntest razor or penknife,
B. and S. oowslan's Peculiarly tempered razors and shaving powder.
Specimens of the Strops are now exhibiting at the Royal Polytechnic
Institution and Royal Adelaide Gallery, Lowther Arcade, from
whence the most flattering certificates have been sent, which may be
seen at the Inventors, B. and S. COWVAN, 164, Fenchurch-street,
where the Strops, Sze., may be obtained, as well as of all respectable
perfumers, &c.. in the United Kingdom, price ss. 6d., '7s. 6d., and
Is. 6d. Also inly be had, Cowvan's Canton Razor Strop Paste, at
Is. per packet. The Shaving Powder Is. tii. per box.
Caution—None are genuine, except those marked aid Spelt
B. and 8, CO WVAN
N.B. A liberal allowance to the trade and shippers.

ENGLAND AND FRANCE.

The question of war or peace is the most mo-
mentous that can agitate the councils of two great
nations. It involves such a magnitude of evil or of
good as he must be dull indeed who contemplates
without emotion, or makes his election without pause.
The character of a nation is a topic which may not
be jested with, as on it hinge the chances of a secure
peace or a sanguinary war.
We would treat this matter with the gravity it
deserves. We would import a due measure of ear-
nestness and seriousness into every subordinate dis-
cussion which is linked to it; we would, therefore,
while we unwillingly depart from our usual practice
if disregarding the cavils of our contemporaries, treat
the tone and temper of our antagonists who discuss
it, with as much fairness, moderation, and gravity, as
their mode of discussing it deserves. If we smile, it
is not from any indifference to the importance of the
dispute at issue; we leave it to our readers to explain
the cause.

A Whig contemporary yesterday handled the topic
in his funniest way. He began by condemning the
want of judgment we displayed in publishing the
letters of British officers from Tangieri. He depre-
cated the temerity—he questioned the grounds—of
our criticism on the seamanship of the Prince de
Joinville and the gunnery of his fleet ; he proceeded
to unsay all that he had most strenuously urged the
day before ; talked with mild philanthropy of the be-
nefits of peace, as though he had not done his best to
hound on the dogs of Ate, and raise a flame of inex-
tinguishable hate between England and France ;
and then—after this exquisite specimen of self-ab-
sorption—quietly ended by quoting the communica-
tion of a correspondent at Tangiers, which confirmed
in every particular the facts which we had stated, and
the inferences which we had implied. So much for
the feuds of party, when a question which affects the
dignity and greatness of the country is at stake. It is
human nature peeping out through the shreds and
patches of faction. It is Winifred Jenkins asking
" What are all these rarities and vagaries to the
heavenly Jerusalem ?' and forthwith proceeding to
comment upon a tippet, gauge the dimensions of
a hoop, or the profundity of a flounce.
The truth is, Englishmen of all parties feel alike on
the present relations of France and England. They.
are zealous for the honour of their country ; they re-
member with pride the struggles and the dangers,
the triumphs and the splendours, of the past ' - they
would not sully the glories of the olden by the humi-
liation of the present time ; they would not bequeath
to their sons a less noble heritage than they them-
selves derived from their sires. Hence the anxiety
that no unworthy compromise may be effected, no
degrading concessions tendered—that France may
not exult over a clever manoeuvre or an insidious vic-
tory. But the same men also remember the horrors
and the atrocities of all wars—horrors and atrocities
which the last great conflict between the two king-
doms realised in their gloomiest form, but which
England, straitened and hard-pressed though she
was, felt less than any other State of Europe. They
remember the mass of human suffering accumulated
in every hospital, the annihilation of human liberty
in every city of the continent; and while they
think of the severer woes which war brings upon
mankind, is it strange that they should also remember
the weight of taxation it imposes ; that remembering
this, they should deprecate an appeal to arms, and
pray that there may be peace in Europe ?
Yes, it is not peace between two great and often
antagonist nations ; it is not the harmony of the lily
and the rose alone that men think of; it is the
concord of many kingdoms, the tranquillity of in-
numerable States, and the pacification of Christen-
dom, that men consider when they long for peace.
England and France at war, where would be the
tranquillity of Europe ? England and France in
harmony, what great or desolating war can interrupt
the happiness of the world ? It were as reasonable
to suppose that the great bodies in the physical world
could come into mutual collision, without carrying
havoc and destruction amid their dependent satel-
lites, as that the two kingdoms of France and
England could contend, without involving the other
States of Europe in the fortunes of the contest. And
it is the consciousness of this—of the peril to which
a rash engagement in war would expose more than
the first parties to it—of the responsibility which lies
upon men in high station—of the enormous evil that
one hasty or ill-judged measure may introduce
amongst other elements of disturbance—it is this
which, felt in a lesser way and with a less individual
interest by men in private station—should exert a
strong and intelligible influence upon the mind of
Ministers, on whose every word and every sentence
depend, humanly speaking, the chances of war or
peace. A Minister of Foreign Affairs cannot but feel
the momentous responsibility too deeply to act with
precipitation. He should be cautious and wary,
therefore, not to be the first to throw away the scab-
bard, and to plunge Europe amid the conflagration of
an unnecessary and unnatural discord.

But, in his anxiety to insure the blessings of peace,
he should not be disposed to truclfje with ignominious
humility to exorbitant demands or insolent proposals.
He well knows that between two great nations the
only terms which one ought to offer, and the other to
accept, are terms of equality and reciprocity. He
must make no adulatory supplications to the magni-
tude of French power or the arrogance of French
ambition. He must be aware that base concessions
would stink in the nostrils of the English people;
that his sacrifice of national /dignity would be the
certain excitement of national wrath, and that a
peace founded on undue pretensions, and undue sub-
mission, would but pave the way to a war such as
only an insulted people would wage to resent a foul
dishonour and a monstrous injury. Lord Aberdeen
and M. Guizot both know the value of peace, and
the enormities of war. They both know the inte-
rests of their respective nations, and, left to them-
selves, we doubt not but that they would disappoint
the rabid votaries of Bellona by doing all they could
to foster the confidence and increase the amity of
those whose Ministers they are.
A word for ourselves. We have been—and may
again be—accused of -using our influence to foment
the bad passions with which France and England
are now disturbed. " God help ye, silly ones !"
What is the gist of our offence ? We report the ob-
servations of British officers present at Tangiers, eye-
witnesses of the operations carried on, and capable
of testing their skilfulness from their own profes-
sional experience ; these accounts give us no exalted
opinion of French naval tactics ; we publish them ;
we draw inferences from them. What then ? Is
this, too, to be a national insult to France ? Is
England or the English Cabinet to be held respon-
sible for the records, however authentic—for the
opinions, however just, of the Times t It is no mat-
ter to us, whose opinions or sentiments we are sup-
posed to represent. But we do protest against any
misrepresentation of our objects. We do protest
against the imputation of fomenting hostilities be-
tween England and France. But, at the same time,
we do protest against the mouse-like pusillanimity of
being supposed not to know where our strength lies
in the hour of danger. God forbid that there
should be war, say we. God forbid that we should
be the first to provoke an appeal to arms ! But we
say no less firmly and sincerely—"lf we are to go to
war, we know the secret of our strength. It is in the
justice of our cause, in our clinging adherence to
peace, as long as peace remained in view; it is also in
that navy, which, under God's blessing, has carried
our flag triumphantly to every quarter of the world,
and which, we fondly hope, shall yet wave as proudly
as it did at Ushant, at the Nile, at Trafalgar. lt is
no fault of the French that they are not made for
sailors ; but it would be a great fault on our part, if
we did not profit by our proficiency on our own ele-
ment.—Times.

THE RAILWAY AND THE HARBOUR OF AYR.—We
observe with pleasure that the original intention of the
Railway Company to run a line of single rails from the
terminus here to a point on the North Quay, is now in
course of being carried out. It was at one time con-
jectured .that, in order to accomplish this object, the
house of Lottery-hall, now the property of the Company,
would require to be taken down. This, however, has
been obviated by making a slight curve in the line, after
emerging from the garden at the rear of these premises.
The contractors for building the additional berths on the
North Quay are hurrying the work as rapidly forward
as circumstances will allow; so that, ere long, we may
confidently expect to see a great augmentation to the
mineral traffic of our harbour. We understand that
several coal-proprietors and iron-masters only wait the
completion of this improvement to dispatch their pro-
ducts from the harbour of Ayr in preference to other
ports along the coast.—Ayr Observer.
THE TRIAL OF RELANEY.—The jury, on Wednes-
day night, slept at the London Coffee-house, under the
charge of Mr. Harker, the crier of the Court. The pri-
soner yesterday morning appeared dreadfully agitated,
and at the time his brother was under examination cried
bitterly. He scarcely raised his head at any one time.
LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.—The Duke of Rich-
mond is preparing for the press a work of astounding
interest to the turfites, containing a narrative of the "qui
tam" actions, under the title of " Our Mess."—Punch.

TO FARMERS.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
At the end of August, 1843, I planted in my
garden thirty-two grains of wheat, at six inches dis-
tance, an inch and a half deep; the seed was of the
first rate quality. This seed produced this year
thirty-two plants, having from 10 to 28 stems and
ears each ; the average number of ears was 16 ; the
average weight of each plant 14 ounce. An acre of
land would contain, at six inches distance, 174,240
plants ; the produce 304,940 oz., or nearly 19,600 lbs.,
320 bushels, or 40 quarters per acre. The expense of
dibbing would be more than saved by the diminished
quantity of seed required.

I do not mean to state that such a result would be
obtained upon a large scale; but I think it is worthy
of trial, when we know that the average produce is
only 21 quarters per acre, and that it is possible to
grow FORTY : it will be allowed that there is ample
scope for improvement. Try a breadth in your fields
an inch and a half deep ; put one grin, and one only,
in each hole—plant it at six or eight inches distant—
be sure to plant good seed—get as much produce as
you can, but GO FOR FORTY QUARTERS PER ACRE.
Stock Exchange, Aug. 22, 1844.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
CITY, THURSDAY EVENING.
._. _

TIMES.—The meetings of the Croydon and Epsom
and Croydon Railway shareholders were for the special
purpose of amalgamating the interests of the two Com-
panies, and resolutions to that effect were passed unani-
mously et both. It transpired in the course of the de-
bate at the Croydon meeting, that in the event of the
South-Eastern Company taking a lease of the Green-
wich line, the Directors would be quite prepared to ac-
cept the terms which the Croydon Company have offered
the Greenwich Company, as respects tollage and room
for the experiment of the atmospheric principle. The
result of the working of the Dalkey branch in Ireland
was stated to be most successful, and the cause of the
late stoppage explained, as arising from necessary re-
pairs to the engine employed on the line.
It is pretty generally understood that the deficiency
bills deposited by the Treasury with the Bank to cover
advances for dividends and other causes, are either en-
tirely paid off at this moment, or their amount so much
reduced as to leave them altogether a matter of no im-
portance. This is the natural result of that disposition
of the surplus revenue, ever since the country had such
a thing to boast of, which has been adopted in applying
the greater part to paying off deficiency bills ; but the
incident has other bearings, which well deserve to
be understood by the public generally as illustrating
the financial position of the Government. The pub-
lic account with the Bank of England does not differ
in principle from the account kept by any pri-
vate person with his banker. If credit is good,
and money is wanted in advance, it is readily
obtained at a fair rate of interest, and in this
way the Treasury have been borrowing of the
Bank of England for a number of years past on
the growing produce of the taxes, such advances being
represented by an issue of Exchequer bills, which were
gradually cancelled as the new revenue came in. From
various causes, mismanagement being at the bottom of
all, the whole quarter had usually run out, and new ad-
vances were required before the old ones were paid off,
thus presenting no very creditable account, had it been
that of an individual instead of the Government. The
Chancellor of the Exchequer, therefore, judiciously di-
rects his first effort by applying his surplus revenue to
the diminution of these balances, to improving the cha-
racter of his account, and relieving himself of all obli-
gation to his banker. But beyond this his object pro-
bably had some reference to the operation of the new
Banking Act, and to the possible contingency of hav-
ing to require advances from the Bank, at a time when
the prescribed limit of the circulation had been reached
by demands from other quarters, and thus making the
Government interfere with the principle of their own
Act, or otherwise submit to some inconvenience in
making the great periodical public payments. Whether
this motive has had any weight with him or not, his thus
making himself independent of all 'advances from the
Bank will certainly free him from all danger of the na-
ture described, as well as place the Government in that
independent position towards the Bank which they ought
always to have occupied. Instead of having interest to
pay, as heretofore, for those advances, the Government
may even derive some advantage from the employment of
the surplus balances. These things are peculiarly valu-
able, too, at a time when angry discussions with foreign
Powers are going on, in showing our finances to be as
free and unembarassed as they possibly could be.
Our attention has been called to several evidences of
a very decided movement among certain parties con-
nected with the shipping interest against the arrange-
ment (now pending) between the Government and the
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company, for establi-h-
-ing the communication between Suez and China. On
the Bth insL a petition was presented to Parliament,
praying that the public money granted for the purposes
of steam navigation might not be applied for the exclu-
sive advantage of any companies or individuals, but that
all engaged in shipping might participate therein, or
equally compete for it. No particular company was
mentioned in this petition, but it is pretty evident that
the Peninsular was the one particularly pointed at. The
document from which we extracted some statistics the
other day was connected with the same movement, and
that same document has been reprinted, with some addi-
tional remarks against the proposed arrangements. The
object of the statements is to show that the three con-
tractors received from the public for conveying the mails
to Halifax, the West Indies, and Alexandria, more than
twice as much as could be expected from Post-office re-
ceipts ; and that the nation therefore incurred a great
loss by paying the contractors large sums for conveying
the mails, which all other ships and steamers are obliged
to convey without payment. Much of this loss it is de-
clared is caused by confining the public patronage to a
few, the virtual monopoly having enabled the contractors
to exact important concessions. The terms of the Pe-
ninsula Company are then described, and the remarks
conclude with the observation, that measures ought to be
taken to ascertain from Government the course to be
adopted in bestowing 170,0001. of public money.
That public money ought not to be expended without
due consideration on steam communication, or anything
else, will be readily admitted ; but we do not see, till
further evidence is brought forward, why we are to as-
sume that the Government acts quite blindly in making
the contract with the Peninsula Company. A certain
service is to be performed, and a certain Company under-
takes to perform it, nor do we see any competitors in the
field who are ready to state their terms, and show that
the Government had better engage their services than
those of the Company in question. Or is it intended
that the whole communication with India is to depend,
not on any arrangement with particular parties, but on
the Post-office shipping letters by such vessels as happen
to sail, as in the case of the comparatively unfrequented
parts of the world ? As it would be impossible to insure
regularity under this system, it is hardly to be supposed
that its adoption is intended to be recommended. If re-
gularity of transmission is designed, which of course it
is, it ought to be clearly ascertained, before the contract
plan is attacked, that there are parties ready to start at
stated times, and with the uncertain chance of passen-
gers, without the sure prospect of Government remune-
ration. We have been informed that communications
with India have frequently been worked at a loss, and
that nothing short of a Government contract would in-
duce a person to undertake the service for any length of
time. Under these circumstances, it is premature to ob-
ject to the Peninsular contract till some more tangible
reason is brought forward than any we have yet seen.
At the same time all attempts that have for their object
a saving in any department of public expenditure are
worthy of favour and commendation.
SUN.—The Stock Market closes quietly this after-
noon, Consols being 981 I- for Money, and 984 sellers
for Account. Reduced Three-and-a-Half per Cents. were
102; *, and the New 101 l There was no alteration
in the Unfunded Debt.
Not the least increase of activity was perceptible in
the Foreign Market, and prices, therefore, remained
about the same as in the morning. Spanish Actives
were 221, and the Three per Cents. 33k.
.Mexican
brought 35k, and Colombian 131 French Fwe per
Cents. were 119 f. 50c. Dutch Five per Cents. were
1001 to a 4.
The additional transactions in Railway Shares have
been these:—Birmingham and Gloucester, 1 a 4; Bristol
and Exeter, 10k; Chester and Holyhead, 18 ; Edinburgh
1 11 13.
and Glasgow, 181 ; Great North of England, 13 ; Great
Western, Half, 33 ;Lancaster and d Car e,
' Thirds, 361 ;Ditto, Quarter, 24 ;
m, 123 ; Ditto,4 ; tr.
`Croydon, 5f ; 11Ianchester and Leeds, Half, 23; South
Devon, lf ; South-Eastern, 4f; Ditto, New, 7A-
York and North Midland, Half, 271 ;Paris and Orleans,
17 to 161 ; and Paris and Rouen, 1 * premium.
Eastern Counties were 1111; and Greenwich, 3i dis.

DIVORCE IN AMERICA.—The principal grounds of
divorce in the United States are adultery, desertion, and
intemperance. In New York adultery is the only cause
of divorce. The periods of intemperance and desertion
necessary to constitute divorce are :
Intemperance. Desertion.
States. Years. Years.
Mississippi
Indiana and Missouri ............ 9
Maine and Ohio .................. 3
Pennsylvania ......
__
__
............... --

New ilants ...................... ...... 3
Connecticut ........................ . 3
Massachusetts and New Jersey.
It appears the marriage tie is dissolved cheaper in New
Jersey than in any other State, and whether this be an
inducement to divorce or not, it is a fact that a large
number of dissolutions annually take p
lace. The mode
of application in Mississippi is by filing a bill in the
Court of Chancery ; in South Carolina, Virginia, and
Maryland, by special law ; in Alabama, Georgia, and
Teunesse, by a two-third Tote of the Legislature.