The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-08 00:00:00

quence of the severe prohibitory laws relating to the
conduct of commercial transactions, the mercantile

power of the people has been all along miserably
stunted, and the executive itself plunged into a
labyrinth of difficulties arising in nearly every instance
out of its financial embarrassments. This, moreover,
has been the case while the contiguous kingdom
of Prussia has, by an adherence to just prin-
ciples of economy, reduced the national debt of
that state to 120,000,000 thalers (18,000,0001.),
namely, less actually than the amount levied,
at reduced duties, in 1849, by the English
Customs merely on tea, sugar, coffee, wine,
spirits, and tobacco. While, as we have said, the
whole of the national debt of Prussia amounts in the

aggregate to simply 18,000,0001., those customs
alone with ourselves in 1849 produced a sum cf
19,232,4611. An increase it is true of 20,000,000
thalers additional has taken place of,late in the Prussian
debt in consequence of the late revolutionary occurrences
in Germany ; but, taking even this into account, the
comparative freedom of the Berlin Government from
financial involvement is most remarkable, especially
considering the numerous and enormous diffi-
culties that Government has had to contend against,
by reason of the losses incurred during the continental
successes of NAPOLEON. It would appear as if the
Ministers selected to administer the affairs of the
state subject to the dynasty of BRANDENBURG kept
perpetually in their recollection the boast of the Great
FREDERICK, that his resources were always one year in
advance in his coffers. The remark, indeed, seems
to have provoked among the administrators of his pos-
terity a wholesome spirit of emulation. However
this may be, so it is—Prussia is financially pros-
perous, while Austria, with considerably larger re-
sources, has, during many reigns, been sunk in pecu-
niary embarrassments.
A consideration of the capabilities of the Austrian
empire will only tend to increase cur =eminent at
the circumstance of her effete condition, commercially
speaking. Containing 45,000 more square miles than
France, 138,000 more than the United Kingdom, and
141,000 more than all the states of Prussia put together,
the Austrian dominions possess pre-eminently, as
Mr. MACGREGOR informs us, " the advantage of
varied and extensive productive regions, yielding, or
capable of growing, corn, rice, wine, oil, honey, wool,
silk, hemp, flax, tobacco, madder, all useful vegetables
and delicious fruits—iron, coal, salt, and other
minerals and products in abundance—cattle, swine,
horses, and sheep ; with the Danube and other great
rivers, extending inland navigation to almost every
part of the empire; with many seaports on the
Adriatic ; with her states also joining each other, and
with a population generally industrious and orderly."
Yet, in spite of all these incoatestable advantages, the
empire has groaned under a weight of intolerable
debt during the days of a succession of arbitrary
Sovereigns. This, however, arises, as the Honour-
able Gentleman, the Member for the city of
Glasgow, has observed, in one pregnant sentence,out
of the circumstance that " the empire is without
unity of traditions, races, history, or language," to-
gether with other considerations—" the spirit of the
supreme govarnment—the inflexibility of bureau-
cratic routine—the mechanical heaviness of the mi-
litary organization—the non-amalgamation of classes
—and the almost total exclusion of learned and scienti-
fic men from the society of the aristocracy—all con-
stituted elements of change or disintegration." Out
of these preposterous regulations have come a succes-
sion of disastrous enactments, reducing the empire
to the last extremity o► financial paralysis and
mercantile atrophy. Foremost among those mistaken
enactments was that prohibiting all foreign commo-
dities.

Not withstanding the beneficent character and gene-
rous intentions of JOSEPH 11., the evil system of
financial mismanagement may be said to have been first
regularly organized during his reign—his Minister
KAUNITZ proving to him as unfortunate a counsellor
a 3 CALONNE was to Louis N. 'VI. Under the chivalric
sway of :the Empress MARIA THERESA again the
finances of Austria suffered a yet more terrible de-
pression, reducing her, chaste and virtuous as she was,
to a personal and courtly correspondent with FARI-
NELLA and POMPADOUR. Further elucidations of the
origin of all this embarrassment in an otherwise
—O".-3.11.'711-trjwitliklmtrihEy be found in the pages
famous coup de main in which Count IVALLis was
implicated. From the consideration of these ma-
terials it is impossible that any sensible man
could arrive at any other conclusion than
that deduced from the premises of the com-
piler of these commercial statistics. That con-
clmion is simply to the effect that Austria might yet
be extricated from its pecuniary difficulties by the or-
ganization of a liberal revenue system of commercial
and financial legislation, but that otherwise its em-
barassments must increase both in regard to its ex-
chequer and in reference to its political government.
Even, however,with this wholesome reform, we cannot
agree with the writer already mentioned in thinking
it possible for an empire ao unnaturally heterogeneous
to maintain its integrity. Bound together by no tie
of sympathy or bond of interest, the different races of
Austria must in the end inevitably fall asunder.

MELANCHOLY AND FATAL ACCIDENT TO LADY
CARDEN.—We regret to record the death of Lady Carden, of
the Priory, Templemore, which occurred under most distress-
ing circumstances. It appears by the Nenagh papers that
about four o'clock on the evening of Tuesday, as Sir John
Craven Carden, Bart., and his brother, Warden Carden, Esq.,
were shooting rabbits in the Priory demesne, Lady Carden
went towards them, and seated herself on a rustic chair,
surrounded and covered by shrubs. Both gentlemen imme-
diately joined her. Having placed their rifles, which were
on full cock at the time, against the trees which entwined
around the back of the chair, they entered into conversation
with Lady Carden, when a sudden gale of wind arose which
shook the trees and caused one ot the rifles to discharge,
when, alas ! the ball entered under Lady Carden's left ear,
and, melancholy to relate, terminated her existence on the
spot. She died in the arms ot her affectionate husband,
whose grief is inexpressible. Nothing can equal the gloom
which the death of this amiable and excellent lady has cast
for many miles around the country. To the poor she is a
severe loss, for her charity was as heartfelt as it was un-
bounded and frequent. She had just returned from inspect-
ing three schools which she built at her own expense for the
instruction of the youth of the neighbourhood, when she met
with her deplorable end. Lady Carden has left a family of
three young children, who are now bereaved of their youthful
and affectionate mother.

DEATH OF MR. CARTLEDGE.-Mr. Cartledge, the
Secretary for Lunatics, died on Tuesday last. He had been
for some time afflicted with water on the chest, but the ter-
mination was sudden and unexpected. Mr. Cartledge was
much respected by the gentlemen of the equity bar, uniting
as he did great courtesy of manner and kindliness of disposi-
tion with a thorough knowledge of the business of his office,
and an anxiety to render that knowledge available for the
promotion of the interests of the profession and the public.
The office is worth 8001. a year, and is in the gift of the
Lord Chancellor.

He that thinks himself poor, because his neighbour
is richer ; he that, like Caesar, would rather be the first man
of a village, than the second in the capital of the world; has
apparently kindled in himself desires which he never reeeived
from nature, and acts upon principles established only by the
authority of custom.—Eliza Cook's Journal.

We are enabled to state that the recent Papal ag-
gressions in England have not only created great alarm in
the minds of many of the aristocracy, but that a number of
titled persons, who have been in the habit of attending the
principal Puseyite churches at the west-end, have determined
to absent themselves from these places in future. It has
struck the parties to whom we refer, that, apart from all
other considerations, it would henceforth be disrespectful, if
not disloyal to their Sovereign, to give the sanction of their
presence to doctrines and ceremonies which necessarily lead
to the practical denial of the Queen's supremacy ; for no one
now pretends to deny that the late audacious assumptions of
the Pope are to be ascribed to the prevalence of Pusey ism in
the Anglican Church. Among the stated hearers of the
Rev. Mr. Bennett, of St. Paul's, Hyde-park, are two Cabinet
Ministers, and among the occasional hearers there was a
third. It is due, however, to the latter to state that he has
not attended Mr. Bennett, the most rampant semi-Romanist
of the Tractarian body, for some months past; and we are
enabled to add, that after the events of the last few weeks,
the other two Cabinet Ministers—one of them brought up a
sturdy Presbyterian—who have been in the habit of attend-
ing the ministrations of the Rev. Gentleman, have come to
the conclusion that it would be indecorous to be among
his hearers in future.—Advertiser.

CARDINAL WISEMAN._We are requested to state
that the paragraph relative to the anticipated arrival of Car-
dinal Wiseman in the metropolis yesterday was unfounded.
The Cardinal is at present at Liege, where he will remain
some days.

INSPECTION or THE GUARDS.—In consequence of
orders issued by the Commander-in-Chief for the inspection
and general muster of the household infantry, yesterday
morning, at half-past ten o'clock, the four battalions quar-
tered at the west-end of the metropolis were marched from
their respective quarters to the parade-ground facing the
Horse Guards, in St. James's-park. A number of fashion-
ables were present in their carriages, and several general and
staff officers were on the ground. At eleven o'clock the line
was formed, and having been then thrown into double open
order a general salute was given, and the men and their ap-
pointments were minutely inspected. At a few minutes past
eleven Lieutenant-Colonel Sullivan (assistant adjutant-
general), who acted as muster-master, arrived, and was re-
ceived with the usual ceremony ; the line was then formed
into close column right in front, when leach company defiled
past the adjutant-general, each officer, non-corn-
ee file past
and private, answering to his name, and
minisssiniognl
after a general salute they were dismissed to their quarters.
The 3d battalion of the Grenadier Guards .will be inspected
and mustered to-day at Chichester, and the Ist battalion of
the Coldetreams at }ti inaor to-morrow,