The Sun.
London, England, 1857-12-26 00:00:00

THE SCAT, LONDON, SATURDAY EVgIIING, DECEMBER 26, 1851%

to the hard calculators to charge heavy discounts
whenever they may be offered for payments.

A compulsory bankrupt law is to be inaugurated
directed against two classes of establishments,
viz., Banks and Railways. The denominations of
notes are also to be raised. Twenty dollars, or four
pounds, being for the present made the 'minimum.
We suspect that this will not be generally accept-
able to the people.

The part relating to Free Trade is so very
satisfactory, that we gladly give a large ex-
tract. The Financial Minister says—" The
day has passed in this country (United States)
for increasing the restrictions upon commerce, and
it is hoped that the same remark will soon be
applicable to all other countries. We are accus-
tomed to look at the amount of our exports and
imports as evidence of our growing wealth. To
encourage commerce, enlarge its operations, and
extend its limits have been regarded by all por-
tions of our people as objects worthy of their
united efforts. One branch of commerce cannot
long exist without the co-operation of the other.
We cannot expect to furnish 'the world with our
cotton, breadstuffs, tobacco, rice, and other pro.
ductions, unless we are willing to receive in re-
turn their productions. There must be mutuality
between nations as between individuals. If
a policy is to be adopted by which the
productions of other countries are to be excluded
from ours for the benefit of the domestic producer
of such articles, justice to other interests demands
that there should be adopted a policy by which
the producers of our present exports should also
be furnished with a market for the fruits of their
industry. To do this is impracticable—not to do
it would be unjust. Sow strangely inconsistent
is the doctrine of the Protectionists with the prac-
tice of the Government. We annually expend
large sums of money in maintaining a navy, the
chief duty of which is to give protection to our
commerce in all parts of the world. Appropriations
are asked and freely given to send our flag in search
of new avenues for our increasing trade. The Ame-
rican officer who returns t.,) his country to an-
nounce the successful termination of his mission
in having made new and favourable commercial
treaties, is hailed as a public benefactor, and all
cla'.ses unite in doing him honour. In these de-
monstrations no one participates more cordially
than the Protectionists. If upon the announce-
ment of the discovery of a new country which pro-
mised a large and lucrative commercial intercourse
with our own it should be simultaneously proposed
to impose upon that commerce restrictions that
would close our ports to the entry of its productions
under the false theory of protecting home industry,
what would be the judgment of an enlightened pub-
lic opinion upon the wisdom of a people who first
expended their treasure in discovering new marts
of trade, and immediately denied themselves all
the promised benefits to be derived from it ? In
the case supposed the proposition would be more
startling, but not more unreasonable, than when
applied to our intercourse with those countries
between whom and ourselves a commerce has
grown up from small beginnings to its present
large dimensions. This has been accomplished
through a policy inaugurated by our own Govern-
ment, and which has commanded the approval of
enlightened minds throughout the world. Other
countries have, in their legislation of late years,
manifested, by reducing their duties upon imports, a
desire to co-operate in the work of throwing off
those shackles upon the freedom of commerce
which false theories have placed upon it. It
would present a strange spectacle if the United
States should be the first to commence a retro-
grade movement. The sentiment among our
people in favour of free commercial intercourse is
manifested in their domestic as well as foreign
policy. The strong feeling in the public mind
for the extension of our territorial limits is gene-
rally attributed to the desire for more land. That
it operates to some extent is freely admitted ; but
such a cause fails in its application to those
cases where the acquisition of new territory brings
with it no proprietary title to the land. And
yet the public sentiment for acquiring territory,
where every foot of it is held by private titles, is
as decided as in any other case. It is accounted
for satisfactorily only upon the theory that, as
our territorial limits are extended, we enlarge the
area of free trade, opening new markets for the
productions of our industry, untrammelled with
those restraints which a restrictive international
policy has imposed."

When two such nations as Great Britain and
the United States are agreed on the great princi-
ple, it cannot easily be subverted by any other
country. But for the threatened interference with
currency, there would be nothing to complain of
or to fear in this Message.

The Indian intelligence respecting the safety of
Lucknow, with the despatch of the sick and
wounded, women and children, to Cawnpore, has
set many anxious hearts at rest in all parts of the
United Kingdom. It was a glorious moment
when Sir CoLIN CAMPBELL, albeit° slightly
wounded, was enabled to grasp the hands of his
brave associates, OUTEAM and HAVELOCK, and to
concert with them measures for the complete
subjugation of the rebels and the pacification
of Oade. Poor JESSIE BRowres announcement
that " the CAMPBELLS were coming," con-
veyed to her acute ears by the inspiring
tones of the Highland bagpipes was fully
and completely verified. " The CAMPBELL
bad, indeed, come," bringing with him
the assurance of safety to the fugitives, and the
disappointment of the atrocious miscreants thirst-
ing for their blood. A fate far worse than death
itself was averted. The protracted agonies of
many months, endured with wonderful patience
and fortitude were removed. Happiness
and joy were mercifully experienced in place
of terror and despondency, and all went merry as
a marriage bell, .save for the natural regrets that
must have been felt for the heroes who had pe-
rished in the work of redemption. But they had
fallen in the hour of victory, and their names
will long survive in the memory of their grateful
coun try.
It was not often that three such men had met
together under similar circumstances. How
cordial must have been the greeting between
them—how earnest the resolution to carry out
the good work, in which such progress had been
made. It was an hour to live for that must have
recompensedfur the toils and dangers undergonedur-
ing their perilous career, au hour to be dwelt on
with intense joy during the lives of those who,
we trust, may long be spared to enjoy the thank-
offerings and dignities freely tendered by their
grateful country.

What sympathies will be excited henceforward
in the minds of the helpless sufferers who passed
through that terrible ordeal by the welcome
fetes of the pibroch, or the sight of any men
arrayed in the national costume—" the garb of
Old Gaul"—,Which struck terror in to
the hearts of the insurgents, and ele-
vated the fugitives from the depth of despair.
and
The b° ighlinders have, indeed, been sin-
creutita better advantage fortunate in obtaining
opportunities for
distincou bonnie H
never were opportunities taken
b
of. In the entire military his-
tin

tory of the United Kingdom there have never
been more glorious exploits, none that will be
more fully appreciated by the people. They
may ask themselves, " What will they say
in England I" How will our friends and
relatives in dear old Scotia rejoice in our
triumphs. What ovations will attend our return,
and how gladly will Parliament bestow on us the
means of spending our declining years in happi-
ness and comfort. Honours, ample honours, will
be conferred on the veteran Generals who have led
their devoted soldiers through these terrible trials,
but the men who have, under their guidance,
crushed the rebellion by almost superhuman exer-
tions and indomitable courage must not be forgot-
ten. Surely there are Victoria medals and places of
emolument and ease awaiting the return of these
heroes who have so greatly elevated the na..
tional character, and proved, beyond the
possibility of doubt, the mistake fallen
into by those who assert that England is
not a military nation. We trust that the duty
imposed on the nation will not be disregarded
by the representatives of the people. They are
the guardians of the national finances ; but none
will cemplain if they exhibit great liberality on
the present interesting occasion.

AUSTRALIA.

ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT BRITAIN.

The Great Britain has arrived from New South
Wales with 1,427 ounces of gold, valued at 5,7081.

THE COLLISION ON THE OXFORD,
WORCESTER, AND WOLVERHAMPTON
_RAILWAY.

An investigation into the circumstances of the
collision between the two trains near Charlbury on
the previous Friday took place before the manager,
secretary, and engineer of the company at Worces-
ter, on Thursday. The drivers and stokers of both
trains were examined, and all agreed that when the
train which runs ftom Oxford arrives at the junc-
tion at Handborough with the Bletchley line, the
express from Euston-square to meet it was behind
time, so that the express did not leave Hand-
borough until about 20 minutes after its proper
time. The ordinary stopping train followed in five
minutes after. The driver of the express train
stated that all was right till he arrived within a
couple of miles or so of Charlbury, when he heard
a bumping, and consequently stopped the train.
On examining the engine he found that the "cotter"
had given way. The guard ran back along the line
with his lamp and laid down a fog signal, but not-
withstanding this, while the driver was examin-
ing his engine, the ordinary train came up and the
collision took place. He and the stoker said they
had stopped about two minutes when this hap-
pened, and that there was no time to get the pas-
sengers out. The driver, stoker, and guard of the
express considered that the ordinary train must
have been going faster than usual. The driver and
stoker of the latter said they were travelling at
about 30 miles an hour, which they had not time
to reduce to less than 14 when they ran into the
other train. All the drivers and stokers are sus-
pended till after the investigation by the Govern-
ment inspector, which will so -m take place.

His Excellency Ferukh Khan and suite left Claridge's
Hotel yesterday morning, in open carriages, for Syden•
dam, where his Excellency visited the Crystal Palace.
On returning to London the distinguished party alighted
at St. James's Palace, and viewed the ceremony of re-
lieving guard. His Excellency and suite subsequently
went to Claridge's Hotel, where they passed the re-
mainder of the day.
The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland have a large
family circle assembled at Trentham for the Christmas
holidays. Among the company staying with the noble
duke and duchess are the Duke and Duchess of Argyll,
the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, the Earl of
Carlisle, the Earl and Lady Constance Grosvenor, and
Lords Albert and Ronald Leveson Gower.
The Duke and Duchess of Richmond have a select
family circle at the ducal seat, Goodwood, Sussex, where
the urinal gaieties of the season will be prolonged until
after Twelfth Night.
The Dake and Duchess of Beaufort are entertaining a
family circle at Badminton.
The Duke of Rutland's party at 13.1voir Castle, Lei-
cestershire, is confined to the members of the family.
His grace has displayed the invariable benevolence of his
venerated father by relieving the aged poor on the large
family estates at this season of the year.
The Marquis of Lansdowne has a numerous party
congregated at Bowood Park, Wilts, where the greatest
hospitality will reign during the festive season. Toe
Earl and Countess of Shelburne and family, Count and
Countess de Flahault and Hon. Miss Elphinstone Fla-
hault, and Hon. J. K. and Lady Louisa Howard are
staying with the venerable marquis, who will receive a
succession of visitors until the 7th proximo.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Aileahury are receiv-
ing company at Savernake Lodge, near Marlborough.
The Earl and Countess of Derby have a family circle
assembled at Knowsley Park, near Liverpool.
The Earl and Countess of Westmorland are passing
the holidays at Apthorpe, Northamptonshire, sur-
rounded by a select circle of relatives and friends.
The Earl and Countess Cawdor are entertaining a
family circle at their seat in Wales. The Earl and
Countess of Ellesmere and Viscount and Viscountess
Ernalyn are of the circle.
The Earl and Countess of Abergavenny are at Birling
Manor, Kent, surrounded by a large family circle. Tee
hospitalities of the season will be kept up there after the
"good old English" custom, until after the 6th proximo.
The light Hon. W. E. and Mrs. Gladstone and a
select party have congregated at Hawarden Castle, S,r
Sir Stephen Glynne's seat in Flintshire, but owing to
the recent demi-e of a much lamented member of the
family, the customary hospitalities will this year be
dispensed with.
METROPOLITAN FREE HOSPITAL, DEVONSHIRE•
SQUARE, CITY.—The aggregate number of patients re-
lieved during the week ending Saturday, Dec. 19, was
—Medical, 628 ; surgical, 361 ; total, 989.
CHRISTMAS AT THE ROYAL ARTILLERY BARRACKS,
WOOLWICH —Yesterday morning as a result of the
kindness of the Colonel commanding the Royal Horse
Artillery at Woolwich, the fo'lo ieg gifts were distri-
buted to the non-commissioned officers and men of that
branch of the service. To each sergeant major 103. ;
each sergeant, 7s. ; each corparal, ss. ; each private, if
married, 3s. ; and to each sergeant's mess, 15t., and 15
bottles of wine.
CHRISTMAS IN GREENWICH HOSPlTAL.—Yesterday
morning the in-pensioners of Greenwich Hospital, num-
bering upwards of 2,000 veterans, after attending Divine
service in the chapel of the institution, were regaled
with substantial old English fare (roast-beef and plum-
pudding), with an abundance of vegetables, and a quart
of strong porter each man. This repast was in addition
to the customary dinner of matton, soup, and ordinary
beer. In the evening the veterans were supplied with
ale and tobacco.
RETIREMENT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SURREY SEE-
SIONS.—On Thursday, in consequence of the proposed
retirement of Mr. Puckle, who bas been for more than
18 years chairman of the Surrey Sessions, Mr. Lilley,
the senior barrister, read an address expressive of the
respect and good wishes of the bar, the bench, and the
clerk of the peace, for which Mr. Puckle returned thanks
in a few cordial words.
A letter from Naples of the 19tieinst., announces that
the seconds of Count Cattaneo, who was killed in a duel
with Capt. Froidefont, of the Guides, have received notice
aot to return to Naples, where principalsland seconds in
a duel are punished by hard labour at the galleys. It
may be recollected that the duel was fought in the wood
of Vincennes. It is said that Count Cattaneo, being the
party insulted, had the choice of weapons, and selected
pistols, but at the suggestion of Captain Froidefont's
seconds, accepted swords.
"They aro making a great catawampus chaw," says
the Thiopioningo Star, " about social sciencein the
mamma country. Our brother Moore, with his washing
machine, in which a tarnation lot of wooden balls fight
with each other like mad, has put the Englishers into
one of the prettiest lathers out of Niagara. It war'nt a
bad idea of ours, I guess, to improve the condition of
the people who did not know the vally of clean linen,
and bow to get it cheap. What with American yachts,
revolvers, bowie knives, and other Yankee edible notions,
we beat the Britisher! into fits—but they're tarnation
slow to own it. We guess they can't say that this
Yankee Washing Machine has'nt linked em' clean
ater all."
VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS, AND PROMOTIONS IN THE
CIVIL SERVICE.—The Board of Trade—Joint-stock Com-
panies Registration Office : Mr. G. Taylor, assi,tant-
legistrar, has been appointed registrar, in the room of
Mr. F. Whitmarsb, deceased ; the office of assistant
registrar has become vacant by the promotion of Mr.
G. Taylor, salary 8001. Legal Department : The treas.
sureship of the County Court, Greenwioh and Lambetb,
bas become vacant by the death of Mr. James Coppock;
salary 700/. Customs : Mr. Williom F. Heydon
has been appointed a clerk in the London Docks ;
Mr. Louis H. Hall has been appointed a clerk
at Gloucester ; Mr. T. Jones, collector at Rarnegate,
has been appointed collector at Preston, vice Mr.
Underwood, retired ; Mr. J. Foyster, comptroller at
Falmouth, has been appointed collector of Ilmnsgate ;
Mr. J. Gla,,son, comptroller of Lynn, has been appointed
comptroller of Falmouth ; Mr. F. J. S watman, clerk at
Lynn, has been appointed comptroller at Lynn ; Mr.
H. C. Sellwood has been promoted from second to first
c'ass searcher at Southampton. Inland Revenue De-
partment—Excise branch : Mr. J. Beateon, supervisor,
bas been removed from Ballyclare district, Belfast col-
lection, to Hamilton district, Linlithgow collection, at
his own request. The following officers have recently
passed to the rank of examiners :—Messrs. Ayliff,
Young, Sanderson, Souter, Coogard, Birney, Marriott,
and Wall.—Civil Service Gazette,

conference of Paris the right of definitively ranc-
tioning the arrangements adopted by the com-
mission of the Danubian States relative tb the na-
vigation of the Danube. Advices from Berlin
now announce that the Prussian Cabinet will cer-
tainly, as was supposed, support the conclusion c f
the French note.

A Lubeck letter of the 22d says :—" Com-
mercial transactions here are still in a state of
complete prostration. The conditions on which the
Bank of Prussia is to advance 600,000 dialers to
the town are not settled, but it is hoped that the
transaction will be speedily arranged."

A letter from Lisbon of the 15th says :—" No
new case of yellow fever Ills occurred during the
last few days, and the malady is now believed to
have ceased. During the whole period of the ter-
rible visitation, the Duke of Oporto, like his bro-
ther, the King, remained in the city, and displayed
great courage. The secretary of the French Lega-
tion, Baron d'Aquin, acting as charge d'affaires,
also remained here, and the firmness which he mani-
fested produced an excellent effect among his fel-
low-countrymen. He is about to leave for Turin.
The King of Portugal has made him a commander
of the order of Christ, and the French have sub-
scribed for and presented to him a star of the
order in diamonds.

THE YARMOUTH HE.RBIIVG FISIIKRY.

The herring fishery is now being brought to a
close, for all the boats belonging to this port are,
with but few exceptions, already in the harbour,
and " made" or are " making up." The voyage
has, we are happy to say, been a most productive
and profitable one—productive as to the quantities
of fish which have been netted, and profitable as
to the prices which such fish have realised ; indeed,
comparing it with many voyages of previous years,
and taking all circumstances into consideration, it
has been an extraordinary one. It has lately been
computed that the number of vessels employed in
catching and landing herrings at this port is about
400 ; nearly half of these belong here, are a'l
lugger-rigged, vary in size from 40 to 70 tons, and
carry many of them 10 or 12 hands each. The
difference between the hands of the "head" and
what we presume may be termed the " tail" boats
this season is very extreme. The lowest boat has,
we understand, brought in but about 14 lasts of
fish, while three or four of the highest boats have
delivered over 100 lasts a piece ; the catches, have,
however, generally varied from about 40 to 80 lasts
a boat, and• may be roughly averaged at about 60
lasts each. Mr. G. Byford and the executors of the
late Mr. T. Lettis, jun., have been, we believe, the
most fortunate ; the first named gentleman's three
boats have landed between them 285 lasts or
3,762,000 fish. The quality of the fish taken has
in general been good, and, towards the close of the
season, superior to what might have been expected,
judging from the experience of bygone years.
Prices have been better than usual and firm, having
averaged about 141. a last ; this, in some measure,
is to be attributed to the failure of the fishery off
the coast of Scotland, from whence buyers have in
consequence come to this market. One gratifying
fact with regard to this voyage we may here men-
tion—that, although the boats have been generally
fishing 100 miles from home iu most treacherous
waters, but little loss of property has occurred, and
of life none whatever. The importance of this
fishery to this port cannot be over-estimated. The
facts that about 750,000/. is invested in it, that it
g;ves excellent employment for at least several
months in the year to between 4,000 and 5,000 per-
sons, and that before Christmas 30,0001., at the
lowest calculation, will have been paid in hard
cash to the crews of various boats for their last
three or four months' labours, speak for them-
selves. —Yarntottth Independent.