The Sun.
London, England, 1857-12-10 00:00:00

IHE SUN, LONDON, THTJRSDAV EVENING DECE--AIER 10,

it passes into a law and the hereditary legis- '
lators have proved themselves in respect t 3
monetary affairs much sounder and better
statesmen than the popular representatives.
Besides, the great majority are not dealers in
money, so far as they are personally concerned.
National prosperity is more favourable than diffi-
culty and distress. There may be a Sir Giles
Overreach, or even two or three of the class,
amongst the assembly, but the general body will
not be guided thereby. They have their faults,
but, generally speaking, these are not faults of
grinding illiberality or sordid meanness✓ If dis-
posed to oppression, it is not in pecuniary mat-
ters, unless, indeed, the victim has offended in
some other respect, and then it is used as an
instrument, not for the sake of gain.
We trust then, that some amendment, framed
in the spirit of that brought forward by the mem-
ber for Wallingford, may be inserted in the bill
during its passage through the Upper House. By
this means enormous mischief may be averted
from the nation. Under the most favourable
circumstances we cannot anticipate any but a
gloomy winter, notwithstanding all the bless-
ings of an abundant harvest. Why should these
inevitable difficulties be aggravated by artificial
means? why should the legislature subject itself di-
rectly to the odium of having produced the evils, and
thus occasion discontent, and possibly disaffection ?
We trust that the Lords will on this occasion
prove themselves wiser than the Commons.
By so doing they may revive an obsolete expres-
sion and induce the industrial classes generally to
" thank GOD that we have a House of Lords."
There are many respects in which we differ from
the majority of that House, but, respecting the
monetary question, we are induced to give them
credit for an honest desire to do that which is best
calculated to promote the welfare, prosperity, and
happiness of the People, and not the less so that
their own interests are on that all-importanCtopic
identical with those of the community at large.
We shall regard the progress of the bill through
the Upper House with deep interest, trusting that
a shield may be interposed sufficient to cast aside
the envenomed shaft aimed against industry, by
that which ought to be the popular branch of the
Legislature.

Both Houses of Parliament cordially and
unanimously concurred in the recommendation
contained in the Royal Message, that a pension
of 1,0001. per annum should be granted to Major-
General Sir HENRY HAVELOCK, Bart., for and
during the remainder of his natural life. The
community at large will exhibit similar unanimity.
We venture to assert that there will not be a
single dissentient throughout the length and
breadth of the land. But there may be differences
on other points. Objections may very naturally
be entertained respecting the disproportion be-
tween the amount of the pecuniary grant and
the inestimable services rendered ; and, also,
because it is granted but for the life
of the hero who has so nobly earned
it, and will not be continued to his
successor. That glorious life is still greatly en-
dangered. The last telegram stated that " Gen.
HAVELOCK was still surrounded by numbers of
the enemy, who were said to have 300 guns."
Surely, under such circumstances, it would have
been right to have added his successor, if not his
two immediate successors in the title. Such is
almost invariably the case when a Peerage is con-
ferred, and no one can deny that a Peerage has
already been well merited, and with it a pension
double the amount, and for three possessors of the
title.
But General HAVELOCK is one who has worked
his way upwards, despite the purchase system.
He had no accumulated fortune, and therefore is
to receive less than one already wealthy.
He remained, despite his invaluable services,
no less than twenty-three years a subaltern,
and had attained the ripe age of 43 years before
he obtainad a company. Had it been otherwise
different scale of remuneration would have been
adopted, both in respect to titular rank and the
means of supporting it in a suitable manner, and
also for his successors.

There
..can be but one excuse for Ministers,
and that will be cheerfully accepted by the
country, namely that believing that he will ere
long acquire, if possible, higher credit ; they
wish to retain the means of bestowing further
honours and further pensions. And that both
are intended within a brief space of time,
or that which, God forbid, he should
perish in the discharge of his arduous and glorious
duties, his successor should then receive an ade-
quate recognition of the universal estimate of
merits such as have seldom been equalled by any
commander. This will be the fitting apology.
We wish to see the name of HENRY, Viscount
HATXLOCK of Lucknow, and Baron of Civrnpore,
inscribed in the illustrious catalogue of those who
have earned the Peerage by their own merits, or
those of their ancestors.

His son and heir apparent, Capt. HATELOCK,
is in every way worthy of his glorious father. He
has shared in all the late toils and perils that
have gained for Sir HENRY HAVELOCK so high
a position in the Temple of Fame. He has
not only acquired high distinction as an officer,
but obtained the Victoria Cross, a sufficient proof
that should he be spared to succeed to the title,
he will prove a worthy successor to the illustrious
acquirer. 'Under these circumstances, there need
be no adherence to strict routine, which, in such
a case, is " more honoured in the breach than in
the observance." At ail events, the expression of
general sympathy, combined with general desire
to increase the gift, both in amount and duration,
will be duly appreciatzd by the truly noble reci-
pient and his family. The manner will bo no
less acceptable than the matter of the gift.

Letters to some of our journals have urged the
desirableness of colonisation for India. The subject
is of very great importance, since future modifica-
tions of the Government, of the Administration at

least, should depend for their form very much on
what we aim to accomplish in India. Colonies,
even in the old Roman sense of the word, have
been spoken of ; and perhaps many are led by
the word to think of Canada, Australia, or New
Zealand, as specimens of what is wanted. All
such of our dependencies are, however, wholly out
of the question ; the climate in each of them is
such as Englishmen can live and work in ; a cir-
cumstance which alone creates an insuperable
diversity ba weeu then and India as fields for
European industry. Jamaica, in this respec',
more strongly resembles India, and how small is
the proportion of Englishmen, and even of Scotch-
men, who make up their minds to seek a home
there.

In what sense, then, are Englishmen to become
the new soul of India. Hitherto it is but tJo
painfully evident that we have infused next to
nothing of our civilisation and energy into the
people. It has, indeed, hardly been attempted.
India was governed till 1833 merely to scrape
together commercial products and revenue for the
special benefit of a close trading company ; since
then, to wring out taxes from the miserable

ryots, for the benefit of the close Civil Service—
the protegees of the residuary Company in Leaden-
hall-street. To impregnate India with a European
spirit, to raise the Asiatic from the mental, moral,
and physical debasement of an illiterate idolatry,
which utterly stultified the whole nature of the
man—this was no part of the business of
men who wanted nothing from India but
rupees. Not, indeed, that we would counsel
direct attacks on idolatry, but we hold with Sir
CHARLES NAPIER that it inevitably lowers and
cramps the mind of man, and that it must fall of
itself before a vigorous government on Christian
principles, such as he so admirably exemplified in
Scinde—if carried on long enough.
The Friend of India, in an instructive article
in its number for Oct. 22, surveys practically the
possible modes of English colonisation in India,
and by an exhaustive survey of the subject proves
the impossibility of the thing, in the ordinary
sense of the word. European labour is a thing
utterly useless, for though one European is said
to be worth three natives, it is not for what he can
actually do under a tropical sun, but for his trust-
worthiness. Your three natives are worthless
without a watcher. Colonel COTTON has indeed
long ago observed, that you can get a cubic yard
of earth dug and tarred a given distance, for one-
sixth of what would be required in England to
do the same. Of course competition with such
cheap labour is out of the question.
The one thing wanted in India is that English-
' men should be encouraged by every available attrac-
tion to settle in India as the Guides of Labour,
" the Captains of Industry," as the Friend of
India expresses it. That we should bring our
knowledge, skill, tact for governing 19.bourers,
and capital to employ them, to a country which
needs just these requisites. Whatever Sepoys
achieved in better days was under the leadership
of English officers, and whatever the Sepoys of
agriculture and commerce are yettoachieve on any
great scale, must be under the lead and inspiration
of English Captains of Industry. It is in this line
only that we have hitherto effected anything in the
East, and where nothing has interfered we have
never failed. Ceylon is, at this moment, a striking
example of what Englishmen can do as overseers
of labour when restrictions are entirely removed.
In that Colony—for the island is governed as a
colony, not by a Landlord Company—Englishmen
can acquire land, and cultivate it as they will ; the
result has been the rapid, and still rapidly extend-
ing, creation of coffee and other plantations, which
is quite changing the commercial character of the
island.

India needs but to imitate Ceylon to-insure the
same results. First of all let Englishmen in India
have security for life property and rights, and all
the rest will follow. At present neither Englishmen
nor native can hold an acre of land in fee simple ;
he must now be :enabled, if he create a splen-
did plantation or estate, to call it his own to sell,
or to leave to his heirs, or to do with it just as he
pleases. No energetic Englishman will quadruple
or increase, perhaps, fifty times, the worth of a
tract of land, or of even a few acres, for the bene-
fit of tax-gatherers, who exact of him 18s. in the
pound. Englishmen, too, will not be placed under
even the very ablest native magistrates ; they want
the moral qualities of our Great Unpaid here, and
much more do they want, the thoroughgoing sense
of justice, as well as the knowledge of our stipen-
diary magistrates, and our superior judges. The
fact is undeniable that, partly our national cha-
racter, and partly the direct or indirect influence
of the Christian principles amidst which we are
educated, place an immeasurable distance between
English and Indian magistrates.
The conclusion is, that the Civil Service mono-
poly, and the whole system of bestowing on it a
purely factitious superiority over other Europeans,
must be entirely done away with. The Civil Ser-
vice has hitherto treated all other Europeans as
an inferior class. They themselves are the Lords
of India, and other Englishmen as well as the
natives, are born but to obey their orders; or, by
gracious toleration, to be permitted to drudge
awhile for a fortune, and to return home. Lord
CANNING'S acts, so much complained of, so irrita-
ting to the Calcutta community, and even to the
Missionaries themselves, derive their annoyance
from the humiliations inflicted through them by
the Civil Service on all other Englishmen. We
feel hut imperfectly, here, what is meant by one
pasty in Calcutta as a kick at " outsiders," and
resented by the others as such. All this must be
done away with. All Englishmen in India, as in
England, must be both free and equal in the eye
of the law ; and it must be the equality of a
superior race governing an inferior one.

LATEST NEWS.

FURTHER NEWS FROM INDIA.

(From the Calcutta Englishman of Oct. 30.)

The following is reported to be the strength of
Col. Greathed's column at Cawnpore :-93d. High-
landers, 900 ; 3d Europeans, 500 ; 9th Lancers,
300 ; Artillery, 150 ; besides the Sikh 3 and
Ghoorka corps. There were also expected at.
Cawnpore immediately six companies of the 23d
Foot, about 600 men ; ditto of the 55th Foot,
600 men ; the greater part of the 82d, 600 men ;
two companies, 240 men. This force will surely
be sufficient to give a good account of the muti-
neers at Luckuow.

We hear that a large body of fugitives froth
Delhi has been allowed to pass unmolestedly into
Oude. Notice having been received of their
intention to cross the river at a place not
named, a European force went out to in-
tercept them ; after a short march, our
force met the mutineers, but finding that
they were without arms, and that they con-
sisted chiefly of sick and wounded, they were
allowed to pass without molestation. We hope
the report is exaggerated, and that the officer in
command will be able to give a satisfactory expla-
nation of the reasons which induced him to show
such extraordinary leniency towards men whose
object of retiring into Oude can hardly be any
other than that of joiaing the mutinous popula-
tion of that kingdom.

A letter, dated from Camp Poora, of the 24th,
says :
" We (the cavalry) had a slight brush with the
mutineers at Kummany, took four of their guns—
one
and
one 6-pounder gun, one
th all their ammunition,
a2d4ooeunld-peorunhdoweri—tzewri,
&c., and killed about 120. This is a very pretty
force, and well up to anything."
A letter from Allahabad, dated the 23d inst.,
says :

"We hear that the rebels at Lucknow have
destroyed the iron bridge over the Goomtee.
Reinforcements are going off sharp ; part belong-
ing to Peel's Naval Brigade have gone to-day
by morning and evening train. The railway ex-
tends 44 miles, and they then proceed by bul
lock train. Rumours of Outram's and Havelock's
death are current, but not generally believed.
Nana Sahib has again bolted ; his last advice to
his men is rich Keep out of the way of the
Blue Caps (Madras Fusiliers), they hit without
firing (in allusion to the long range of the En-
field rifles, the report of which was often not
heard), and when the Highlanders get near any
village, kill all the women, for these aro the men
who have been sent out by the Queen to avenge
the deaths of their women and children, and
that is the reason they go into action with
kilts !' "

THE CRISIS AT HAMBURG.

HAMBURG, DEC. 8.

Not withstanding the arrival of about 100,000,000
(francs) in silver, at Hamburg, during the past
week—notwithstanding the decisions of the Senate
yesterday—failures have succeeded one another
without intermission.
The amount of bills of exchange protested since
the commencement of the crisis is estimated at
140 to 150 millions.
The discount bank of the State has commenced
operations, its rate being 10 per cent. The bank
discounts only the bills of such persons as declare
on their honour that they have payments to make
that day or the next.
The affairs at the Bourse were unimportant,
the news of fresh failures having put a stop to all
business there.

The financial state of this city has again be-
come very alarming ; the assistance afforded is
insufficient.

Several important houses have been declared
insolvent, with considerable liabilities.
Fears were entertained respecting several
Danish houses, but hitherto without sufficient
cause.

BERNE, DEC. 8.

The National Council has elected as its Presi-
dent M. Keller, of Argau, by 78 votes; and as its
Vice-President M. Steplin, of Basle, by 65 votes.
M. Gouzebach, the Conservative candidate, ob-
tlined 29 votes.

must not be forgotten, has a considerable force in
the vicinity of Montenegro."

SPAIN.

The Madrid Gazcttc of the sth announces that
on the pi evious day the King gave a private audi-
ence to tha Marquis de Turbot, French Ambassa-
dor, who congratulated him, in the name of the
Emperor and Empress of the French, on the birth of
a Prince of the Asturias. The Gazette publishes
numerous addresses of congratulation to the
Queen, one of them from the Spanish Embassy at
Paris. It also contains a circular from the Minis-
ter of Grace aid Justice to the bishops, stating
that the Queen entertains such veneration for the
mystery of the Most Holy Conception that her
Majesty desires that the special service for it may,
on the first occasion, be celebrated with great pomp
in all churches. A silver box, containing 3,000
newly-coined gold pieces, was about to be presented
to the newly-born Prince by the province of the
Astoria'. It was believed that the ministry had
resolved not to choose a political personage as can-
didate for the Presidency of the Cortes, and that
the opposition would not vote against the person so
selected.

THE BRAZILS.

LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY.

The following telegram was received this morn-
ing from Lisbon by Mr. Court, Secretary to the
Underwriters' Association :

"By the Royal mail steamship Tagus we have
advices from the Brazils. At Rio, coffee unaltered.
Exchange, 284 d. The following vessels had arrived
at Rio :—Athelstane, Steidricht, Tickler, Ante-
lope, Johanna Stoll, Marmora, Koturah, Mach-
tura, Barbara.
"At Bahia, sugar 400 reis lower. Exchange,
27d. The following ships have arrived :—John
Romilly, Sharston, Queen Bee, and Juverna.
"At Pernambuco, cotton unaltered ; exchange,
261. The following vessels had arrived :—Excel-
sior, Bonita, Matilda, Linda, Arena, Hindoo, and
Gevaloa.

" A private telegram reports that the news of
the suspension of the Liverpool Borough Bank had
reachedPernambuco and completelyparalysed com-
mercial affairs."