The Sun.
London, England, 1868-08-19 00:00:00

ABRIDGED PROSPECTUS:

The olject of the Company is to establish and work a
direct line of Telegraph between the Continent of Europe
and the United States of America, in accordance with the
concession granted by the Imperial French Government
to Baron Emile d'Erlanger, of Paris, and Mr. Julius
Reuter, of London.
This concession bears date 6th July, 1868, and confers
the privilege of laying and working Submarine Telegraphs
between France and the United States. The French Go-
vernment binds itself not to grant any other concession
for lines between France and North America during the
period of twenty years from the Ist September, 1869.
A concession granted by the State Legislature of New
York, for landing and working cables between that State
and France, has been secured.
Arrangements have been made with the Submarine
Telegraph Company for the exclusive use of one of their
wires between England and Dieppo, from which place the
French Government will construct a special wire to Brest
direct for the Company. By thiitneans, the valuable co-
-operation of the Submarine Telegraph Company has been
secured, and an uninterrupted route from England to tho
United States will be established.
The French Government has promised its support and
assistance to the undertaking, and au honorary. committee
of the highest position has been formed in Parrs.
It has been generally acknowledged that, both for poliL
tical and commercial reasons, the laying of a direct and
independent cable from the Continent of Europe to the
United States was only .a question of time, and consider-
ing the extraordinary increase of telegraphic messages
wherever new facilities are afforded, it ,is to be expected
that the new undertaking will create fresh traffic, inde-
pendent of that of the old companies, sufficient to insure
earnings of equal if not greater amount.
It will bo the object of the new Company to fix such
rates for messages as will secure the largest possible traffic.
The price to be charged is intended to bo £2 for a mes-
sage of 10 words, and it seems not too sanguine an expec-
tation that at this rata the line will find constant em-
ployment.
The power of transmission of the now cable is estimated,
according to the report of the engineers and electricians,
at a minimum of twelve words per minute, which, allow-
ing 14 hours a-day for waste time, and consequently only
ten hours a-day for actual work, and taking SOO working.
days in the year, gives, at the rate of £2'per message, an
annual income of £432,000. Practically, the proportion of
days and hours lost would in all probability be less than
is assumed in this estimate. The working expenses of the
new lino may be calculated to amount at .the utmost to
£30,000 per annum.
The proposed cable will be laid in two sections—the first
from Brest, in France, to the French island of St. Pierre,
off Newfoundland; the second from St. Pierre either to
New York direct or to a point between Boston and New
York, with a special line to the last-named city.
The length of the cable is as follows:-
Ist section, from Brest to St. Pierre 2,325 miles.
2nd section, from St. Pierre to the United
States, about 722 „

3,047 miles.
To this length an amply sufficient amount of slack- will,
be added.

A contract has been entered into with the Telegraph
Construction and Maintenance Company to manufacture
and lay the cable for the sum of .E 920,000, of which
£BlO,OOO is payable in cash by agreed instalments during
the manufacture and shipment of the cable. The remain-
ing £llO,OOO will be payable in the following manner, viz.,
£BO,OOO in fully paid-up Shares, after tho section from
Brest to St. Pierre shall have been laid and tested satis-
factorily for thirty successive days ; £lO,OOO in cash after
the section from St. Pierre to the United States shall have
been laid and tested for thirty days, and the final payment
of £20,000 in fully paid-up Shares after the entire cable
shall have been six months in satisfactory operation.
Allowing £lOO,OOO for the construction of the land lines,
engineers' charges, supervision and all expenses up to the
opening of the line, and deducting the consideration here-
after stated to be given for the concession upon success,
there will remain a balance, by way of reserve, of £BO,OOO.
The Great Eastern will be employed in laying the deep
sea portion. Sir Samuel Canning with a competent staff
will ha al charge of the submersion of the cable. Sir James
Anderson will act on behalf of, and watch over, the in-
terests of the Company.
The cable is contracted to be shipped in June next, and
the line is expected to be open for traffic in the course of
next year.
The cable will be of the best construction, and generally
of the same description as those manufactured by the Tele-
graph Construction Company for the Atlantic and Anglo-
American Telegraph Companies. The cable will be pro-
tected by tar like the 1865 cable, and advantage has been
taken of all the experience since gained. In accordance
with the unanimous recommendation of the engineers and
electricians, the weight of copper in the conductor has
been increased from 3001 b. to 4901 b. per knot. By this
moans greater rapidity of transmission is obtained.
In tracing the route a detour has been made to avoid the
risk of icebergs and anchorage on the banks of Newfound-
land. It is on these banks that all accidents to the exist-
ing cables have occurred.
Sir James Anderson has recorded his opinion that the
object thus sought for will bo fully attained.
The Concessionaires, by an agreement dated 3d August,
1868, and scheduled to the Articles of Association, have
agreed to transfer to the Company their concession from
the Imperial Government of France, together with all
their rights under the concession from the State of New
York-, and the benefit of the undermentioned agreements,
and to defray all expenses up to the registration of the
Company in consideration of 5,000 fully paid Shares, to
be allotted to them whenever tho Cable shall have been
successfully laid, and shall have continued to work satis-
factorily for 30 days. They will also be entitled to receive
one-fifth part of the surplus net profits in each year, after
setting aside a reserve fund, equal to 5 per cent. of the net
profits, and after payment of a dividend of 10 per cent, to
the Shareholders. These contingent profits will, for con-
venience, bo attached to a portion of the fully paid shares.
It will be seen from this that the. Concessionaires look only
andto t he
for stuneee efesp
aoyf
nit he en
tundertakinge
nf on re
st ht ebier
yremunerationalready
incurred.!
Copies of the Agreements and of the Memorandum and
Articles of Association, and of the Concessions, lie for in-
spection at the Offices of the Solicitors of the Company,
Messrs. Bischoff, Coxo, and Bompas, 19, Coleman-street.
be Porbotsapei
ncetdu saets.
tabn }
ed
Officeso s
oo
ff
tApplicationn
yf rh
aSrhtabrool so
nnlleawy
House and at the Union Bank of London, Princes-street
and th'eir various branches.

COPIES OF REPORTS OF SIR JAMES ANDERSON,
SIR WILLIAM THOMSON, MESSRS. VARLEYI
CLARKE, FORDE, ANP jENKIN.
London, 3d August, 1868.
• Baron Emile ci'Erlanger, Julius Reuter, Esq.
Dear Sirs,—With reference to the route projected for
the cable between Brest and America, I have recommended
it for the following reasons :
By keeping in the 500 fathom line upon Milne bank and
around the southern edge of the Grand bank there is no
possibility of ice, or of any other agency that can be sug-
gested, injuring the cable. The northern edge of the
Grand bank was avoided, because it is uncertain at That
depth the icebergs ground.
.They are said, upon good
authority, to ground at times in 90 fathoms.
It is not certain at what depth the vessels employed in
the seal trade may sometimes choose to drop an anchor
for the purpose of keeping their station in the track of ice
floes.
These dangers are avoided by the track chosen for the
proposed cable, and I am justified by my own experience
in saying that the track from the southern edge of the
Grand bank to St. Pierre, and thence to the place of land-
ing in America, is entirely free from any danger from ice,
and does not cross any anchorage resorted to by the fleet
of fishing vessels.
The cable upon the Milne bank and from the Grand
bank to St. Pierre, and thence to America (upwards of
1,200 miles), will be laid in water of such easy depth that
repairs will be a matter of certainty; and wo are justified,
from the soundings which already exist, in affirming that

London, 4th August, 1868.
Gentlemen,-.7-At your request We have much pleasure
in handing you the present report on the cable recom-
mended by us to be laid from Brest to St. Pierre, and from
St. Pierre to the coast of the United States. . .

The deep sea cable adopted is almost exactly similar to
that used in 1865 and 1866. The great merit of this form
is its strength, both absolute and relative to the strains
required while laying the cable. The actual strength of
this hemp and steel cable is 71 tons, while the strain re-
quired for submersion need not exceed 14 cwt. Even if it
should be necessary to haul back any portion already laid,
the strain need not exceed 1i tons in the deepest water.
The strength is, therefore, amply sufficient to meet all
contingencies, with a margin quite as great as is allowed in
any ordint.ry engineering construction or operation. We
need hardly remind you of the experimental proof which
has been given that this form of cable can, even if broken in
the deepest water, be recovered by dredging, but we take
the opportunity of expressing our deliberate opinion
that this success was not fortuitous, but that the experi-
ment might be repeated as often as required with a like
result. The power of transmitting messages through long
submarine lines is no longer a matter of doubt, and the
laws affecting their transmission are well understood. We
can promise with certainty that through your enlarged
core you will be able to send twelve words per minute,
and by improved methods of signalling we expect to in-
crease this minimum considerably. -The length of your
cable, which will be in deep water, will be no greater than
that of the existing cables, and it will rest ou the same
smooth and safe bottom. The shallow water section will
be a heavy cable, protected against rust by a bituminous
compound, as used for the Persian Gulf cable. The route
avoids all considerable anchorages and all danger from
icebergs, and should any, interruption ever occur on this
portion it can be repaired with certainty and rapidity.
In conclusion, the strettgth of your cable is such as to
render its submersion a safe operation ; the route to be
followed is eminently favourable, and a good commercial
speed is certain to be obtained. You secure the advan-
tage of a direct communication, and the risks you run are
not greater in any way than those already surmounted.
We are, Gentlemen,
Your obedient Servants,
WILLIAM THOMSON, HENRY C. FORDE, and
C. F. VARLEY, FLEEMING JENKIN.
LATIMER CLARKE,
• Messrs. Erlanger and Reuter.

;FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SHARES."'
When filled up to be lodged, with a deposit of £l. per
Share, at the Union Bank of London.

CONTRACTS FOR SUGARS TOBACCO, AND PORT
WINE.

CONTRACT DEPARTMENT, ADMIRALTY,
Somerset House, 6th August, 1868.
TIIIE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING the
OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the
UNITED KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRE-
LAND do hereby Give Notice. that on Thursday, the 20th
instant, at Twelve o'clock at Noon, they will be ready to
treat with such persons as may be willing to CONTRACT
for supplying and delivering into her Majesty's Victualling
Stores at Deptford, the undermentioned Articles, viz ;
To be ten-
Quantities. dered

for at rates
SUGAR 500,000 Pounds 1 per 100
TOBACCO lOO,OOO
f Pounds
PORT WINE 2,000 Gallons per Gal.
When to be Delivered.
One half of each quantity in three weeks from date of
Contract, and the remainder thereof in three weeks after-
wards, or earlier if preferred by the party tendering.
Tenders may be made for the whole or any portion of the
Articles.
Separate Tenders aro to be made for each Article.
Their Lordships reserve to themselves the power, when
the Tenders are opened, of contracting either for the whole,
or for such part,thereof only as they may deem fit, or for a
greater quantity, or of not contracting for any, and also an
unlimited power of selection in accepting the Tenders.
The Sugar, Tobacco, and Wine to be exempted from the
Customs' Duties, and parties tendering are to state where
they are lying.• -
Each Tender for Sugar must specify the mark and land-
ing number of each cask or package, the ship in which im-
ported, and the country or place of its growth or produce ;
and an average sample (not less than 21b for each import
mark) must be produced by the parties tendering, and not
an average of different marks or several imports; and any
parcel that is found not to be of the same mark or average
quality as the samples tendered and accepted will be re-
jected by the officers.
Each Tender for Tobacco must specify the several trade
marks and numbers, and the countries or places of its growth
or produce, and a fresh-drawn dock sample of each cask
or package must be produced by the parties tendering; and
any cask or package that fig found not to be of the same
mark, number, or quality as the sample tendered and ac-
cepted, will be rejected by the officers.
Samples of the Wine (two pints) for each import mark
must be produced by the parties tendering.
No Tender will be received unless made on the printed
form provided for the purpose, which may be obtained on
application in the Lobby of the Department of the Con-
troller of Victualling, Admiralty, somerset House, where
the conditions of the Contracts may be seen.
No Tender will bo received after Twelve o'clock at
Noon on the day of treaty ; and it will not be required
that the party tendering or an agent on his behalf should
attend at the office on the day of contract, as-the result
of the offer received from each person will bo communi-
cated to him and to his proposed sureties in writing,
when, but not before, the rejected samples aro to Us re-
moved.
Every Tender must be addressed to the Secretary of
the Admiralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the words
" Tender for ," and must also be delivered at the
Department of the Controller of Victualling, Admiralty,
Somerset House.
' order,.
ANTONIO BRADY, Registrar of Contracts
and Public Securities.

SCHOOL OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, &c.
ADMIRALTY, Bth August, 1868.
TTHELORDS COMMISSIONERS of the AD-
MIRALTY HEREBY GIVE NOTICE that the
arrangements for the ADMISSION of persons, not already
in the Government service, to the Royal School of Naval
Architecture and Marine Engineering as ADMIRALTY
PUPILS, will, for the present year, be as follows :
Candidates must not be less than 18 or more than 21
years of age, and must have served at least two years in
private shipbuilding or engineering establishments, or
must give satisfactory proof that they have in some way
been so connected with shipbuilding or engineering opera-
tions as to become well-grounded in the elementary prin-
ciples and practice thereof.
The pupils will be selected by competitive examination,
the subjects for which, and numbers of marks assigned fur
each, are as follows :
Marks.
Pure mathematics, including arithmetic, mensura-
tion, geometry (I)lain and descriptive), plane tri-
gonometry, and the elements of the differential
and integral calculus .. 2,500
Applied mathematics, including mechanics and
hydrostatics ... ••• 1,000
Practical shipbuilding, including laying-off (for
shipwright's candidates only) ...
.. 2,500
Practical marine engineering (for engineer candi-
dates only)
French ... 500
Ilements of physic and chymistry ••• 7 7,5,2
English grammar and composition ... ••• ,`"
Geography and History
ego ••• ••• !DO
••• ••• ••• *so ••• 2,500

No candidate will be admitted who does not obtain at
least two-thirds of the full number of marks in the two
first-named subjects, and three-fifths of tho full number,
either for practical shipbuilding or marine engineering.
The last four subjects, although counting in the compe-
tition, will not be considered obligatory.
The candidates who may be selected will bo treated,
while attached to the School, in all respects as the Admi-
ralty pupils; they will recaive wages the same as dock-
yard apprentices, commencing at ls. 6d. per day for six
days per week for first year, and increasing yearly 3d. per
day till it reaches 2s. per day; and in addition a subsist-
ence allowance of 3s. per day for seven days per week
while away from their homes, either at the Sahool or in
the dockyards.
Seven months of each year—viz., from October till May
—will be devoted to study at the School, and the remaining,
five months to actual work and the acquirement of practi-
cal knowledge in the dockyards.
It is to be understood that the Admiralty make no en-
gagements to employ these pupils after the completion of
their course of study; and they must rely on their own
worth as educated naval architects for obtaining employ-
ment in theirsubsequent career. The number of such pupils
to be selected this year is one shipwright and one engineer.
Persons desirous of competing must forward their names,
with a certificate of birth, and of the grounds on which
they consider themselves practically qualified, enclosing
proper certificates to that effect, to the Secretary of the
Admiralty, not later than the Ist September.
The candidates should also state whether they wish to
be examined as engineers or shipwrights.
The examination will take place on the 28th Saptember
and three following days.
By command of their Lordships,
HENRY GORDON LENNOX.

THE RESCUE SOCIETY'S HOMES
are as follows :
For Fallen Women.
28, Church-row, lump- 150, Now Bont-road.
stead. 48 Church-street, Stoke
13, Camden-street, Camden- Newington.
town. Maize-hill Cottage, Green-
-205, Groat Portland- street. with.
For Young Girls in Danger.
27, Church-row, Hampstead.
9, Henstridge-villas, St. John s-wood.
St. Mary's Lodge, Buckhurst-hill.
Country Home—St. James's. street, Dover.
Temporary Ilome-85, Queen-street, Cheapsido.
In addition to the above-named homes, the Committee
have under their charge three homes for servants of good
character, in which aro admitted about 1,000 friendless
servants annually.
The home at Groat Portland-street is for young fallen
girls from 10 to 16. The committee aio deeply anxious to
open another house for this pitiable class.
The Society admitted to its homes last year 687 young
women and girls. It was compelled to refuse 524 appli-
cants, whose histories are recorded in the applicant's book.
Tho Society is under the presidency of the Earl of
Shaftesbury. Its bankers are Messrs. Barclay and Co.
The Committee very earnestly commend its work to the
benevolent.lNL. CODPER, See.
85 Quoen-street, Cheapside.

" PAINLESS DENTISTRY !"
A NEW PAMPHLET,
Gd
1815.)
London ona R I E L,
Free by post for four stamps.
56, Ihrloy-street, Cavandish-square, W.
64, Ludgate-hill, E.G.,
rirLi: 8 S R(ES.stablishe
Liverpool 131, Duke-street, and
Brighton

ATTENDANCE DAIL

MOUNT ST. BERNARD'S REFORMA7O.RY,

LEICESTER.

We are not going to write of the glories of the
chase, nor to chronicle the deeds of daring per-
formed over the finest hunting country in Eng-
land. It is not our intention to bring again under
notice the feats of Osbaldiston, nor to describe
what has been done by our own marquis of Water-
ford. " Market Harborough " will not receive
from us the meed of praise it deserves in a vena-
torial point of view ; be it ours the task to describe
what we saw of the agriculture of a portion of the
county during the short time we had at our dis-
posal, from the late show of the Royal Agricul-
tural Society at Leicester.

The town of Leicester, noted for hosiery, elastic
web, and boot and shoe manufacture, as well as its
enormous growth of population within a very short
time, is situated near the centre of the county.
Around the town the country is rather level
than otherwise ; and in a north-westerly direction
towards and embracing the rich pastures of Melton
Mowbray and the Vale of Belvoir, this evenness
of surface contrasts with the undulating character
of the rest of the county. Looking south-west-
ward, we find the vast coal fields of Bagworth,
Coleorton, and Moira ; and stretching about seven
miles east and west, as nearly central as possible,
is the range of curious, abrupt Cambrian hills
called Charnwood Forest, and which once carried
rather a heavy timber growth. Nothing now re-
mains of this forest beyond its name and the marks
of the charcoal pits, which in the spring time show
what has become of the noble trees that had grown
there.

The height of Charnwood Forest above the sea
level is about 600 feet, and the height of the ridge
above the surrounding country is generally nearly
250 feet. The climate in summer is delightful, but
the winters are very severe. The seasons change
very rapidly ; on account of which farmers must
act with promptitude in their farming operations.
The agriculturist, as well as the pleasure or
health-seeking tourist, would find on the " forest"
much that is interesting. Near to here, within a
short distance from Coalville station, is the farm
of Ravenstone, upon which Mr. R. W. Cresswell
grows his magnificent Leicester rains, which have
earned for their breeders an almost world-wide
celebrity. On the opposite side of the hilly range,
near to Loughborough, is the birthplace of the
Leicesters, where the immortal Bakewell, his rams,
his long-horns, and his pollards, gave to future
generations a theme which will inspire the agri-
cultural writer until sheep shall be no more.

A large amount of land reclamation has been
effected on the forest. Mr. Gisborne, a Yorkshire
gentleman, commenced many years ago, and since
then the work has progressed steadily. Mr. Shields,
who farms extensively, has brought a considerable
extent under cultivation. W. P. Ilerrick, Esq.,
encourages his tenants by fair covenants and
" tenant right " to reclaim the waste portions of
their farms; and under the able management of
his agent, Mr. Humphrey, Mr. Herrick's posses-
sions on the forest bids fair to be, at no distant
period, a model estate.
We were much interested by a visit to the Agri-
cultural Colon, a reformatory school for boys,
which is situated on the highest part of Charuwood
Forest.

About thirty years ago Mr. lle Lisle, of Garen-
don Park, in Leicestershire, founded the Cistercian
Monastery, called the Abbey of Mount St. Ber-
nard's. In 1855 the then abbot of the monastery
believed that his monks might be usefully employed

in reforming juvenile criminals, and as the refor-
matory movement was then at its most exciting
point he had no difficulty in obtaining funds to
start the reformatory, which he called the Agri-
cultural Colony. From the first the major portion
of the community' was opposed to their abbot's
working ; and the result was, that after repeated
attempts to place the institu.ion on a satisfactory
foundation—from want of officers capable of deal-
ing with the subjects sent for reformation—it was
decided by the Government to close the institu-
tion, unless arrangements could be made for its
more efficient working.

In 1863 a number of gentlemen from the Roman
Catholic diocese of Salford formed themselves into
a committee, in order to see what could be done
towards retrieving the affairs of the institution.
The names of the committee augured well for ulti-
mate success—Sir Humphrey De Trafford, Col.
Towneley, Sir Charles Tempest, Frederick Gerard,
Daniel Lee, and Richard Eastwood, Esqrs.,
together with the Bishop of Salford and some of
his hard-working clergy, were not likely to give
up without a struggle what they undertook to
retrieve.

It was pleasing to us to have met on our visit
two gentlemen of the committee of management,
and to have heard a little of how the affairs of the
institution- are managed. It appears that each de-
partment of the reformatory has, as its supervisor,
a member of the committee. Canon Kershaw, of
Barton.. on-Irwell, and Mr. Harper, solicitor, of
Bury, whom we met, have charge of the school
instruction and the farm ; and we must record our
testimony, founded upon what we saw, of the pains-
taking, laborious working of each of these gentle-
men. Mr. Thomas Carroll, who was a pupil of
the Albert Agricultural Institution, Glasnevin, is
Governor ; and we were much gratified to find the
kindly feelings that exist between the committee
and their manager.
254 boys were in the institution on our visit, the
large bulk being of Irish extraction. They are
taught the trades of shoemaking, tailoring, joinery,
and baking, but the largest number are engaged at
farm work.

The staff consists of governor, chaplain, medi-
cal officer, farm bailiff, schoolmasters, trades in-
structors, and officers in charge of boys working
in the fields.

The boys rise at half-past five all the year round.
They have two hours' school. instruction in the
morning, and one hour in the evening. After
breakfast, at half-past eight, they are told off to
their different occupations; and it was very inte-
resting to see the young fellows march off in mea-
sured step, in classes, to their workshops and
farM.

Of course, the farm was most attractive to us,
and we devoted the greater part of our available
time to its inspection. It consists of 400 acres,
100 of which, with the building, are rented from
the community of the Abbey. This portion of the
farm was in a very bad state on.the entry of the
present tenants ; but by a judicious course of crop-
ping and works of reclamation, it has been brought
to a high state of cultivation, and is now a really
pleasing sight. Farm roads, stone wall fencing,
raising and blasting rocks, and draining, were the
chief works of permanent improvement. The
labour of the boys was utilized as far as was
practicable, and we were told that their assistance
in draining and road-making was very great.

Very few farm animals were kept on this farm
before the committee took charge, but this state of
things was soon superseded, and a nice dairy made
its appearance, which conduced very much to the
economy of the house-keeping and the health of the
boys. Sheep were bought, and the ' golden foot"
exercised its beneficial influence in improving the
character of the farm. Pigs of an improved breed
quietly found their way into the establishment, and
the formerly wasted " swig" was now utilized. In
order to show the progress made, it will be suffi-
cient to say that in 1865 six prizes were awarded
to produce and animals sent from the institution to
the show of Sparkenhoe Agricultural Society, held
that year at Loughborough. The committee have
lately rented a farm of three hundred acres on au
adjOining estate, and we consider the proprietor
may consider himself very fortunate in meeting
with such improving tenants. On our visit four-
teen acres of potatoes were growing on land which
had not before borne a crop ; indeed, the adjoin-
ing land seemed most unpromising. The system
of reclamation seemed very judicious. The land
having been pared and burned, was planted with
potatoes in beds five feet wide. The alleys were
purposely left wide—two feet to two feet six inches
—in order to give an opportunity to raise the boul-
der stones, which are abundantly interspersed over
the farm. A large number of stones were raised,
and fences four feet nine inches high, with Scotch
coping, were made with them. A paring plough of
Howard's of Bedford was found of great service. It
is worthy of remark that the potatoes are most pro-
mising where they were merely dibbled, or, Iliber-
nice, " stuck" in the unploughed surface, and then
covered from the alleys or furrows. A dressing of
one cwt. of guano and two cwt. of phosphate was
applied at the time of planting the potatoes.
On both farms the crops are good; in fact much
better than those on land more favourably situated.
This is entirely owing to the careful cultivation
bestowed, and the judicious outlay in feeding stuffs
and artificial manures.

We found a fine stock on the reformatory farm.
Nine grand, active work horses; fifteen good, use-
ful cows ; nearly forty well bred two year old
heifers, besides yearlings and calves ; a beautiful
flock of Border Leicester sheep, and a large number
of pigs.
It may be asked, Does the farm pay ? The as-
counts are audited by an eminent firm of public
accountants, and year after year it is found that a
respectable profit is the result. Of course, a mar-
ket is found at home for the produce, and the
labour of the boys is a serious item; not on ac-
count of an enormous saving in the labour
bills, but because it enables the managers to have
at command a large force when despatch would be
useful.

We closed a pleasant day with the reflection
that out of evil good may come. It seemed for-
tpnate for the boys at this Reformatory that
they had done wrong—we know many people
have these thoughts ; but there is a fal-
lacy. The fortunate part of the business is
not in the wrong done by the boys, and the
resultant good to them, but that Providence raises
up people who, at the expense of time and money,
will work merely for the sake of doing good.

We are convinced that farm reformatories are cor-
rect in principle. The hard, regular, and healthful
working in the fields must conduce to reformation
in mind and body ; and we understand the percent-
age of " relapses" is much less among those boys
who have been farm workers than in those who have
been at the sedentary trades of shoemaking and
tailoring. We hope to see reformatories and in-
dustrial schools spread over the laud. And we
should like to see, foo, a more determined effort
made to have our workhouses and even prisons yield
something towards their support. Ireland has set
the example of workhouse farms and convict estab-
lishments which are reformatory and industrial.
Will these institutions be allowed to bloom and
then to die? Will it be a truism that our country
produces men who can merely originate, and who
lack the perseverance necessary for carrying out
their own good projects? We hope not.—lrish
Farmers' Gazette.

The newspapers have been lately teeming with refer-
ences to economy in tea by co-operation. Horniman and
C'o. have for 30 years co- operated through Agents to
supply tea on more advantageous terms than by the ordinary
channel; their tea reaches the consumer in the same puve,
state as it leaves the grower; Its it is secured in packets.

The Queen's Bench is to be further strengthened by the
promotion of Mr. Serjeant Hayes to the bench, The
learned serjeant was called to the bar in 1830, and had the
coif conferred on him in 185 G. He has never sat in Par-
liament. He is chiefly noted as being eminent in arbitra-
tion cases.

The ermine is also about to be bestowed upon Mr.
Anthony Cleasby, Q.C. At the last election for Cam-
bridge University he was the unsuccessful candidate, in
opposition to Mr. Beresford Hope. Both were Conserva-
tives, but Mr. Hope won by over 1500 votes. Mr. Cleasby
will take his seat in tho Court of Exchequer.

DEATH OF THE EARL OF ABE.RGAVENNY.

The death is announced of the Earl of Abergavenny,
which took place at Birling Manor, near Maidstone, on
Monday evening, at five o'clock, after an illness of three
weeks, brought on by a severe chill. The deceased earl
was born in June 1792, and was consequently in his 77th
year. He was educated at Magdalen College Cambridge,
and having taken his M.A. degree in 1816, entered the
Church, and was eventually preferred to the rectory
of Birling, in Kent, and the vicarage of Frant, in,,,,,
Sussex. In 1845, on the death of his elder brother (who
was never married), he succeeded to the family honours
and estates. He married, in 1821, Caroline, second
daughter of Ralph Leeke, Esq., of Longford Hall, Shrop-
shire, by whom he had two sons and three daughters. The
deceased earl did not take a very active part in public
affairs, but was a strenuous and generous supporter of the
principal charitable and philanthropic institutions of Kent
and Sussex, and of all movements for the benefit of 11i3
poorer neighbours, by whom as well as by those of morn
elevated station he was greatly beloved and honoured, and
will be deeply lamented. The late earl was the patron of
twenty-four livings ; and his barony of Abergavenny
ranks amongst the most ancient of the peerage, having
been conferred upon his ancestor by Richard 11. in 1392.
The earldom dates from 1784. The family nam e is indicated in
the punning motto, Ne vile yell& William, Viscount
Nevill, who succeeds the leceased peer, was born in 1826.
He held a captaincy in the 2nd Life Guards, and married;
in 1848, Caroline, eldest daughter of Sir J. V. B. John.
stone, Bart., M.P., by whom he has several children. The
noble lord is well known as an active and energetic leader
of the Conservative party.