The Sun.
London, England, 1868-03-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MARCR 23, 1868.

Ro3l_ IN AFFAIRS.

(From the Roman Correspondent of the Westminster Uazette)
ROME, March 14.
Lent is proceeding with its usual quietness
here. The churches are busy and well filled
at all the various offices which are provided at
all hours in the different quarters of the city.

The schools of Christian Doctrine, too, are as

usual at their special work of training the
young during this season for their first Com-
munion, and daily their little messengers may
be observed perambulating the streets, cross
and bell in hand, and with their infantile voices
calling on Christian fathers and mothers to
send their children to be instructed, and not

incur the condemnation of suffering them to

grow up in ignorance of the truth.
Among the stational churches this week was
that of St. Vitale on Friday, the church whose
title accompanied the cardinal's hat which
Paul 111. sent to Bishop Fisher so shortly

before his execution. That of Thursday was
Sta. Maria in Trastevere, which claims the
merit of being the first church dedicated in
honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary. St. Calix-

tus consecrated it in 222,- on a spot where an
oil-spring was discovered at the very time of
the birth of our Lord—a singular circumstance
which is recorded by several very early writers,
and in the following terms by Eutropius:—
" Just about this time there sprang up from

the ground on the other side of the Tiber a
source of oil! running over the ground like a
stream, signifying the Grace of Christ, which
was to be communicated to the Gentiles." A
local inscription thus preserves the tradition :

Magna Taberna fui, tune Emeritoria dicta
Emeritis adscribens virtus, vitaque relicta
Iliac oleum fluxit, cum Christus Virgine luxit
Hine, et donatur venia quodcumque rogatur.
The allusion of the two first lines is to its occu-
pying the site of the taberna meritoria, a resort
of the emeriti, or soldiers, who had fulfilled
their term of service, or merited exemption from
it. Among its multitude of other objects of
sacred interest it preserves a marble slab
marked with the blood of St. Barbara ;
round stone with spikes, a terrible instrument
of the martyrdom of another saint ; a very
ancient mosaic from the catacombs of St.
Calixtus ; and the first picture of our Lady
ever exposed for public veneration in Rome.
The whole church has been lately under
restoration at considerable cost, and affords in
its frescoes the opportunity of observing the
productions of modern Roman artists. In the
ceiling is formed a magnificent Assumption of
Domenichino. Among its many former restora-
tions the most noteworthy was that by Inno-
cent 111., who, to give it greater solemnity,
performed it at the time of the Lateran Coun-
cil. St. Charles Borromeo was wont to pass
much time here in prayer and meditation, in
memory of which a chapel was subsequently
erected in his honour, and the same occurred
with St. Philip Neri.
The Pope held a Consistario Segreto early yes-
terday morning, in which Cardinal Barnabb
was appointed Chamberlain of the Sacred
College, vice Cardinal Reisach. St. Maria
in Via :Lata was nominated Cardinal Anto-
nelli's titular church; but he is still to hold St.
Agata in commendam. Several bishops were
proposed for various dioceses of Spain, Hun-
gary, Holland, and both Americas.
The creation of nine cardinals also took place
according to list sent you in my last. All are
Italians, with the exception of Mgr. Bona-
parte, who was, however, born in Rome, and
Mgr. Moreno, Archbishop' of Valladolid, who
is a native of Guatimala.
Rome was alive all day with the ceremo-
nials to which the creation gives rise ; the cor-
teges of the new " Porporati " proceeding
solemnly with their carriage windows closed,
and their serving men walking by the side,
to pay their visit to the Vatican ; the equi-
pages of the hundreds who, by official position
or other rank, have any reason to pay visits
of congratulation at their palaces; the mounted
dragoons at the street corners directing with
their drawn sabres all this extra traffic ; and
in the evening the carriages running between
dh,iachndtmheilitnaeryw
bands
cardinalsaa
nloadct hse ser aal playingnlnaddv churchesemaboner fyetieretpublic
i
h
the different localities of the ricevimenti ; the
: ritohniitwe.
mgr.staenndertoh-masohrereonwnnaimghetd. receptions are held
to-night
t
of the new cardinals' hats to
obe the bearer
Spain,
anoffice
which, h ch, howevertemporary
loss
shonourables t
o the
h e English-speaking im i
Zou a
jv.
ne
ss
t, tnoe
ww
.h o mB
uht eh ies
willd in
ng
tsuchv godeowi.t ser-
viceheutmaking provision for their Lenten retreat and
other needs, spiritual and temporal ; he takes
the last arrived English to an audience of the
Pope this afternoon. He has lately been taking
advantage of the comparatively short spell of
weather when Rome is available for the pur-
pthoesemteon,geatndupthsoeymesecermickieltighly
renew acquaintance with theirnati playing
a a
pleasedm
pastime.ong
tgo
Having obtained access for them to the so-
called amphitheatre of the Villa Borghese, a
match was arranged between Zouaves and
civilians, that is English visitors, on Tuesday.
The weather was exceptionally unpropitious,
and kept away many who took an interest in
the proceedings. The Zouaves, considering
that they had no practice whatever out here,
and counted some first-rate players among
their opponents, have every reason to be satis-
fied with the day, for, though on account of
the weather the game could not be played
out, it was the general opinion that they would
have won. There is to be another on Thurs-
day.

One of our English Zouaves had a good op-
portunity of showing his mettle the other
night. Being, as a passer-by, witness, with a
had
phanieeoun,usofed,a
hsterewetithfraouyt
gaveve s
mhewsihitactitnkni
chase to two who, by their • 1 vio ence, had made
themselves amenable to
justice
; after a long
run he succeeded in capturing one, and then,
having handed him over to the keeping of
.his comrade, who came up a minute or two
later, started off again after the other. Before
he could reach him, however, he turned into a
house, where his friends rendering him assist-
ance, the Zouave was overpowered in the dark,
and the miscreant effected his escape. The
agility and cool courage of the Zouave, how-
ever, elicited the cheers of the people who saw
it, though it occurred in the Trastevere, the
place of residence of the most lawless. This is
the second occasion this week reported to me
from personal observation in which our coun-
trymen in the army have been so applauded by
the Romans.
The Piedmontese machinations on the fron-
tier have not ceased, but they have had no
success. The Pontifical Government is on
the watch, and has been able to counteract all
their schemes so far. There was a report
current here a few days ago that Garibaldi was
at Terni ; it is not unlikely, for he and the
" emigrants" are very convenient tools. The
power of his name is quite used up now, how-
ever, and the circumstance excites no appre-
hensions here. We have heard nothing serious
of any further brigand depredations, but the
whole of the first battalion of Zouaves has been
ordered to Frosinone, and the French troops
are expected to be spread over other towns
of the provinces of Civita Vecchia and Viterbo
than the two they now garrison.
There is no talk of their coming into Rome,
but also, less than ever, of their departure.
The following account has just been sent me
by an eye-witness of the war material they
accumulated at Civita Vecchia, the trans-
port of which would hardly have been incurred
so lately had a proximate recall been contem-
plated . .. . During a recent visit to
the arsenal I counted six thirty-two pounders ;
twelve mortars of twenty-seven ; twelve mor-
tars of fifteen. These pieces are provided with
an aggregate of 3,000 charges. I saw also
twelve rifled siege canons of twelve, provided
with 7,200 charges. The French engineers
have constructed several redoubts on salient
, points of- the town and neighbourhood ; and I
`even heard it asserted that application bad

been made To Paris for larger pieces of artil-
lery, and the reply received was that they
should be sent immediately—there was every
reason to apprehend that they would be re-
quired. The division is composed of two bri-
gades. It is commanded by General Dumont,
who was contandante di piazza during the first
French occupation. The appointment is most
satisfactory, as it would not be possible to find
a French officer more devoted to the Pope and
the Papal Government.
I have already spoken of overtures made by
the Italian to the Pontifical Generals to renew
the convention of last year for the suppression
of brigandage. Notwithstanding the evil use
then made of it the Papal Government has
shown its readiness to forgive injuries, and at
the same time its fearlessness before the ma-
noeuvres of its enemies, by yielding to the pro-

posal.
Colonel Azzanesi went down to Ponte-Cen-
tino on Saturday to arrange details, and to in-
troduce certain clauses calculated to assert the
dignity of the Pontifical army. With those
modifications the Convention is now re-estab-
lished.

Nor was the measure hasty or ill-considered.
The Papal Government has by its means cut
away the pretence for grievances which could
have been made out of brigands hired for the
purpose, while its own measures are taken to
provide against the abuses of the provisions of
the Convention, which may be foreseen, and
nullify the sinister intentions which all believe
to have prompted the application for its re-
newal.

The Papal Army has received a notable
accession this week in the arrival of the first
instalment of the contingent promised by
Canada for the Zouaves. One hundred and
forty of them marched into Rome on Tuesday,
the band of the Zouaves meeting them at the
Railway Station, and conducting them to their
quarters at St. Francesca a Ripa. In spite of
the fatigues of the journey they visited the
shrine of the Apostles, in a body, the same day.

They are a remarkably fine-looking body of
men, full of spirit, enthusiasm, and determi-
nation. Many of them belong to the wealthier
classes, and bear all their own expenses. The
Canadian. Committee provides those of all the
rest, so that they arrive without any cost to
the Pontifical exchequer. They bring with
them also their own chaplain.
That the movement has been a national
one 'may be gathered from the above, and fur-
ther from this that their Zouave uniforms, as
well as an undress uniform of very convenient
cut, of substantial coloured cloth, with a white
foraging cap, has been provided by the ladies
of nada, who have also worked their colours,
a very marvel of cunning embroidery, and
estimated at 1,000 dollars in value.
They have engaged for two years, with only
the privilege reserved of returning to their own
country in case of necessity for its defence.
The greater part have already been trained
to arms in the native volunteer and militia

regiments.
A. second detachment of 150 is promised by

the end of the month.
They will shortly have an audience of the
Pope, and as few of them require more train-
ing than they have already had they will
almost immediately be draughted into various
corps, and there is no danger but they will do
credit both to the appearance and the strength
of the army.
It may be imagined that Italy does not see
this inpouring of volunteer antagonists, which
her attempts against the rights of the Holy
See have raised up against herself, with-
out seeking to revenge herself by whatever
means she can command. Thus her efforts at
tempting the Pope's soldiers to desertion have
not ceased, and it is singular that it can be
worth while to keep up all the machinery it
requires, and furnish the expense it requires,
to compass one deserter, for with all her golden
bribes an occasional Swiss or Legionary is all
she obtains.
General Caroll Jervis, of the Confederate
States, has just received the honour of being
named cameriere di cappa e spada, or honorary
chamberlain to his Holiness. He is very desir-
ous of working in the Pontifical cause, and has
place on the staff of the
been promised a
General-in-Chief in case of future hostilities.
In the meantime he is engaged in organizing a
committee for subsidizing the Papal army from
America, to be called the Society of St. Michael,
and has already had an opportunity of laying
at his Holiness's feet the small first fruit of
his exertions.
On one of the early days of this month ap-
propriated to the honour of St. Joseph, M.
Ruffet, editor of a monthly Paris journal en-
titled le Propagateur de la Devotion is Si.
Joseph, was admitted to present the collection
for the same object made at the office of his
paper, and the Pope wrote on the margin of
the address accompanying it, " Dominus bene-
dicat tibi et dirigat cor tuum et intelligentiam
team," expressing at the same time his satis-
faction that the devotion of St. Joseph was
everywhere on the increase. Numbers of
Roman churches commenced on Tuesday their
usual novena in his honour. The Irish College
begins to-day a triduo in honour of St. Pat-
rick.
Among the works in preparation for the
Council is, I hear, an important one committed
to the section presided over by Cardinal Biz-
zarri, Prefect of the Congregation of Bishops
and Regular Clergy. It proposes the reunion
into the great family of St. Benedict of orders
such as the Olivetans, Camaldolese, Sylves-
trians, Vallombrosians, &c., who profess St.
Benedict's rule under special constitutions,
and for the most part but one house of their
kind. Cardinal Bizzarri is said to have written
to the generals of these various orders asking
for their views of this reform.
The Queen, of Naples goes to-morrow to
Vienna to be present at the accouchement of
her sister, the Empress of Austria.

Count Crivelli was sent to Rome. His instruc-
tions were to inform the Holy Father that the
Emperor of Austria, as a Catholic sovereign,
was heartily sorry that the Constitution which
,he had granted his subjects rendered it impoS-
sible for him to carry out the whole of the
details of the Concordat. 'Mgr. Haynald,
Archbishop of Calocza, was, at the Emperor's
request, selected as the negotiator of the
changes asked for. Mgr. Haynald in the
administration of his diocese in Transylvania,
had incurred the displeasure of the Emperor
by reason of his political opinion, and being
for this reason obliged to resign his bishopric,
had formerly resided for some time in Rome
as an Archbishop in partibus. He was con-
sidered to be opposed to the Concordat, for,
at the meeting of the bishops of Vienna in
1856, he was the only one of the Hungarian
prelates who voted against it. In spite of this,
however, Mgr. Haynald declined to undertake
the task offered him; but the Emperor pressed
him, as a man in whom he had confidence, to
go to Rome and assist the endeavours of 'Count
Crivelli by showingthe Holy Father the difficult
position in which the Emperor was placed in
regard to the religious question. Despite
the pressing instances of the Emperor and of
every inducement held out, Mgr. Haynald re-
mained firm in his refusal to undertake the
mission, because, knowing as he did the de-
signs of the Viennese Government, he was
convinced of the futility of any attempt to
carry them out.
Thus, then, the matter now stands ; Count
Crivelli has gone to Rome ; but we do not be-
lieve he has a single backer in his propositions
to the Holy See—propositions which have
not an atom of a chance of being acceded to.
It remains now to be seen whether the Em-
peror will have the courage (which we have
great -reason to doubt) to oppose his veto to
the laws contrary to the Concordat which have
been passed by the Chambers. , If these laws
are allowed to come into action the Concordat
will be ipso facto annulled, and Austria, leaving
far behind her even the rankest Josephism, will
drift insensibly into pure and simple secular-
ism. Moreover, she will lose the sympathy,
which hitherto she has naturally received, of
the Catholics throughout the whole of Ger-
many.
As a fitting appendage to the above signs
of Austrian religious retrogression we subjoin
some extracts from a speech delivered by the
present Austrian Minister of the Interior,
Herr Giskra, on the occasion of opening a
Prctestant church at Briinn. After congratu-
lating the Protestants—to whom, he said,
Brfinn was indebted for
,its prosperity—be
continued : _ .

_ .
" A small body of people has brought to its
completion a great undertaking, because they
were inspired by a great idea. This Protestant
temple is the symbol of civilization, of
humanity, of progress. Toleration reigns at
Brann, where Catholics and Jews have con-
tributed to the building of a Protestant church,
and, despite the Concordat, in your cemetery
the Protestant and the Catholic dead are not
separated. Yes, the inhabitants of an indus-
trial town are gifted with much more extended
visioli than those who are pent up in narrow
valleys. Fear not that your church will be de-
stroyed. The fanatics and the lovers of dark-
ness have the will to destroy it, but they dare
not attempt to carry out their wish. At a
time when the Emperor no longer makes a
distinction between Catholic and Protestant in
the choice of his ministers, full and entire
toleration has not long to be waited for. The
victory of the principle That the State should
be of no religion cannot be won without hard
fighting ; but it will triumph in the end, for
the principles of the age and the intelligence of
Europe are assisting us in our battle against
that treaty (the Concordat) which was forced
upon the Emperor in a moment of fear. Let
the Austrian people, then, congratulate them-
selves upon the near approach of the triumph
of intelligence, of humanity, of civilization,
over barbarism and fanaticism."

It is true that Herr Giskra was not appointed
to his present post when he delivered this ora-
tion ; but we have no reason to believ'e that
his principles are changed by his elevation to
office. We have no hesitation in saying that a
man who should have given utterance to such
principles in Prussia would have destroyed
thereby the remotest chance of being selected
to assist in the councils of King William and
Count von Bismarck. But. Herr Giskra's sen-
timents are quite after the spirit of the " new
era," as it is called, which has been inaugu-
rated in Austria. Lately, in the theatre at
Bolsano (Tyrol), some verses expressive of
contempt and insult towards the Church and
the Pope were loudly applauded by a num-
ber of "young Austrians' present. Several
of the inhabitants of the commune determine&
to make a counter demonstration, if the scene
were repeated on another occasion. They there-
fore attended the theatre in conjunction with
others from the neighbouring communes, and
when the vile effusion was again begun iisses
were heard from all parts of the house,
" mingled with warm expressions of disgust at
the proprietor of the theatre, who thus insulted
the most holy sentiments of the Tyrolese
people. Hereupon the military were called,
and they arrested several of those who had
expressed their disapprobation, and hauled
them off to prison. Next day three gentlemen,
who had given the signal for the demonstra-
tion, were brought before the magistrate, and
fined in various sums, and for having defended
the religion of their country." So you see
Austria has opened the doors of liberty to her
people.

MISCELLANEOUS NEWS.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
PARIS, March 19.

Tue hurricane which burst over Paris the other
day, and blew about the handcarts and umbrellas
(we quote the simile of Swinburne in Peter Simple)
like peelings of onions, has been the last effort of
departing winter to die with decency, and now the
winking marybuds begin to open their golden eyes ;
that is to say, the delicate lilac is in flower,
bright green buds are bursting from the chestnut,
and the modest violet upturns her meek coun-
tenance to the sun, all which, being duly inter-
preted, means, in plain matter of fact prose, that the
fine weather has set in, and the habitues of the
cafes of the Boulevards now take their ease
not in their inn but outside it. In the political
world the Moniteur has officially confirmed
the language held by his Excellency M. Rouher
in the Legislative Assembly on the 4th inst., to the
effect that the relations of France with other
I countries have never been more amicable than at
present. In the last audience accorded by the
Emperor to ➢i. de Goltz, the Prussian Ambassador,
his Majesty said he hoped to establish the best
possible relations between the respective Govern-
ments ; his intention was to preserve the strictest
amity with all his neighbours. It is more than
probable that this has been the motive of Prince
Napoleon's visit to Germany, as it is said the Em-
peror has expressed great satisfaction at its result.
Some differences are said to exist between Prussia
and Denmark. Such matters, however, bear the
same analogy to the general prospects of peace as
light clouds do upon the face of a summer
sky. Under such circumstances, the main
object of political attraction at Paris is found in
the brilliant debates of the Legislative Assembly.
The measure of Government proposes to leave all
meetings which do not touch upon politics or reli-
gion uncontrolled, merely requiring the guarantee
of a few persons in regard to meetings having a
political tendency, for the order with which they
should be conducted. Of course this does not
meet the views of the ultra Liberals, who, setting
out with the incomplete and deceptive hypothesis
that all assemblies must have for their cud the
diffusion of useful knowledge, build thereon a
series of assertions and deductions, which, like
the card-houses of children, fall down at the
first breath of sense and reason which reaches theta.
If the past history of France may be assumed as an
argument, surely no country has suffered more
from the existence of clubs and other unrestrained