The Sun.
London, England, 1868-01-06 00:00:00

AFTER Covcr.t-g

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Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
rul L 1) COU R T.
By GEOR.:IE MAO DONALD, 34A.
"A very entertaining, story, abowidin,g with wholesome inte-
rest and wise counsel."—Athenmum.

Earl for the Derby, but as other writers have gone through
his performances so often, my comments shall only be
brief. I really cannot see, for the life of ma, hoW they can
make him a good horse; at least I think there are several
in the Derby that will bat him. A foolish excuse has
beenmade . so often about horses when they get
heat, not being tit to run, and after they have won a race
or two iu moderate company, .and been defeated by
',Etter horses than theinselveF, then there is ano-
ther excuse that they are getting stal,. Now
this is precisely the case with the. Earl, for he
never beat a good horse. his best performance was
wheia he beat Suffolk and others. He got well off, and
chopped down the Baron's horse in the first quarter
of a mile, but in my opinion neither of them have any
earthly chance of winning the Derby, provided Lady
Dizabeth, Rosicruclan, or Pace keep well. The last time
the Earl and Suffolk met was a true run race, as they both
left the post at once, and ran home locked together, when
Suffolkjust won on the postby ahead. His next performance
was when he met Ouragan and ran him a dead heat, and in
my opinion the French horse is not within 201bs of Derby
form. He next suffered- defeat in a match with XI, the

prudent to defer its commencement for another win-
ter. Then the hospital at Suez will have been com-
pleted, and the general arrangements might havie
been less cru le and hasty. In the ineatime
fine troopships,
the lavish expenditure on which
only renders the deficiencies in Egypt more glaring,
coild have been very conveniently employed f, to the
Abyssinian expedition, and have prevented sohae of
the large outlay which has been required .to charter
private vessels.
To what special cause or to what particular de-
partment the shortcomings in the land transport
system are to be attributed no one hero pretends to
understand. Three different departments glare upon
our dazzled eyes. The English Admiralty owns the
troopship, and has complete control of the troops
at sea. Colonel Ross, the Quartermaster-General
in Egypt, with his assistant, Major Clarke, repre-
sents the English military authorities, and, it
would seem, ought to control the transport of the
troops on land. So far affairs would run smoothly
enough. It is acknowledged by all that if these
zealous, intelligent, and indefatigable officers had
untrammelled control on shore, hitches would not
occur in the administration. Unfortunately this
cannot be so. The Indian Government, to which it
would hardly be apparent that the troops can in
any way belong until their arrival in India, must be
represented. Paradoxically,a, naval officer has been
elected to control the laud transport of soldiers.
With this divided authority the officers who repre-
. sent the home military authorities are compara-
tively powerless. For such matters, however, as the
absence of the Crocodile from Alexandria till long
after the Euphrates arrived at Suez we must look
to Loudon. It is not at Alexandria or Suez, but
in the region of Whitehall that arrangements for
the despatch of troops from England are made.
Unless the latter are punctually carried out no
ability or energy in Egypt can prevent detention,
delay, and disappointment.
The administration of the railway by the Egyp-
tian Government goes from bad to worse. The per-
manent way, which is the best part of all, is in some
places between Cairo and Suez in a very ricketty
condition. The number of
platelayers which were
to be employed to keep the line in repair has been,
for economy, considerably reduced, and those who
are retained, like all public officials in this country,
are in considerable arrears of wages. Since the Eng-
lish engine-drivers left, on account of not being
able to obtain their pay, a great many Albanians
have been employed as drivers. These, parrot-like,
have learnt to pull the handle and make the engine
work, but understand nothing about its mechanism.
No rolling-stock is repaired. When an engine or
truck gets at all damaged it is shunted into a
siding, or sent to the depot at Cairo, where it is left
to decay. For the last two years the Government
has been getting out engines from Europe at the
rate of two a month, while there are plenty lying
idle at Cairo which a very little repair would enable
to run quite well. Rahib Pasha, the Prime Mini-
ster, has held councils to consider the railway admi-
nistration, but care has been taken to prevent any
max of sufficient independence to tell him the real
faults from being summoned to his presence. It is
quite usual for trains to be five or six hours late in
a journey of 100 miles.

conversant with the business of the boards. This done,
as far as practicable, let every member give him
his utmost -support. No light frivolity should
be permitted, and, every amateur taking a direct
part iu the performance shouli p•inonally in-
siva the :tricks of his apparel ; for though
there is little fear of iwglect with the practised cos-
tumiers of London, the security oemsions ;Jut slight
trolble, and may indeed be needful when any in-
novation has been determined on, or any addition
required. Ail actors taking p irt in the opening
piece should be bound to be dressed some minutes
before the required time, under the penalty of
fines rigidly enforced ; and those making their
evening's debuts in the following piece ought to Le
equally expected to have finished with dressers and
peruquers before the termination of the first,
in order that the services of these necessary
assistants might be at once devoted to the gent-
lemen and ladies of the preceding dramatic cast,
and so on to the conclusion of the evening's perform-
ance. Further, no member should be allowed to
take on himself any prominent character until he
had passed through a fitting training of subordinate
parts. In conclusion, we would advise our friends
to limit the duration of performance to three hours.
It is a period sufficiently long for the spectators of
professional skill, who invariably shun either the
opening or the concluding farce ; and much may be
done, under the above regulations, in that Period.—
Racing Times and Amateur Dramatic Chronicle.

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NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF ST. OLAVE'S.
Now ready, at all the T,ibraries, in 3 vols.,
ejEAN lE'S QUIET LIFE.
By the Author of "St. Ols.ve's," " Alee's Bride," &c.
Hurst. and Blackett,l3, Great Marlborough-street.

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Now ready, at all tbo Libraries, in 3 vols.,
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By MRS. DIIFFUS HARDY,

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no3um.
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latter giving him 23'bs. Now, I will only ask the
admirers of the Earl which they would back —XI
or Julius—if they were going to run a match at
even weight ? and I think they would answer—Julius.
X 1 certainly won a few races in very moderate com-
pany, but whenever he met a horse that could gallop he
was always beat, and yet ho could give the Earl 231bs and
beat him; and Julius could not give Lady Elizabeth 91b,
so that it will be seen from the foregoing remarks that I
make Lady Elizabeth just 141bs better than the Earl. The
above is a plain, brief manner of summing up the chance
of John Day's second string ; and, as we aro told that the
Earl will prove the best horse for Danebury on the Derby-
day, I must certainly be vexlain, and tell his backers
that he has no chance of winning; and especinly should
they all winter well, which I hope for the sake of their
owners will be the case, I must stand Lady Elizabeth to
win, and Rosicruciau and Pace for places.

T7ADKIEL'S ALMANAC for 1868, the Second
Edition, Ninetieth Thousand, contains a Portrait of the
Imperial Prince, with its usual Interesting Articles. Also a
Demonstration of the True Distance of the Moon, and an Eclipse
of the Moon worked out, on the theory of her distance being only
32,898.5 miles; which entirely overthrows and destroys the mo-
dern system of Astronomy.
London: G. Berger, Newcastle-street, Strand.—Sixpence only.

FURNISHED HOUSES, from £2 2s. to £2O
per Week.—D. S. HUMPH ttlEi h .8 at all times a
n..mber of Firs -class Rii;slD ,iCES to be LITE furnished
or unfurnished. or sold. more r articularly in the nelz.hbour-
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ing House-square.

ACCIDENT 70 THE RESEARCH.

Respecting the accident to her Majesty's ship
Research, the Cork Examiner gives an explanation
of the circumstances under which she was pursuing

the supposed Fenian privateer, when she struck on

THE "SINGER" NEW FAMILY
IiACHINE

Daunt's Rock. The following are the details :
" About half-past three o'clock in the afternoon
of Wednesday, the Research sighted, south-west of
the Old Head of Kinsale, a very rakish-looking
barque steering in the direction of Cork harbour.

Is fitted with a new
PATENT TUCK MARKER.
which GAUGES and MARKS each succeeding TUCK while
sewing, a MOST VALUABLE ACCESSORY, not to be hod with
any other Machine.
T' ',SINGER" NEW FAMILY SEWING
MACHINES are the moat complete, with all accessories
for the family, seamstress, taanufactnrer• of shirt collars, shim;
oloaks, mewl**, children's clothing, cape, coreote, linen anclidik
goods, umbrellas, parasols, &c.
Catalogues and Samplee of Wotk poet free.
THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

She signalled the vessel, which was sailing rather
close to the land, to haul to, but the latter took no
notice of the request, and continued her course. The
Research then gave chase, but the bark all through
kept ahead of her. The latter, which was in charge
of a pilot, made her course inside Daunt's Rock, in
order to get into the harbour by the shortest route,

and the Research was steered in somewhat the same
direction, but a little more to the westward, in
order that, if the supposed privateer attempted to
make her way out of the harbour again, the former
could intercept her. The pilot in charge of the
barge knew the inner passage very well, and was,
therefore, quite confident ; but it was said that, if

the officer under whom the Research was being
sailed, knew the locality of Daunt's Rock, he would
have shaped his course more to the westward, and
avoid the consequences that ensued. However, the
barque passed safely through the channel between
the rock and the land, the Research following her,
but, as stated, she kept too much to the eastward,
and ran right over the rock, striking the wreck of the
City of New of York, which was lost there a few years
ago. A slight shock was felt on board the Re-
search, and soon after it was found that she was
making water in rather large quantities. After
this she did not even give up the chase, but kept on,
the steam pumps in the meantime being put to
work. The barque was not, however, overtaken
till she arrived in the harbour, between ten and

eleven o'clock p.m., when an officer from the Re-
search, who was dispatched on board, received a
satisfactory explanation from the captain why he di
not bring his vessel to when signalled. The war ship
was then moored in the roads. The leakage became
very great, and the continued working of four
powerful steam pumps was only barely sufficient to
keep the water under. She remained in this condi-
tion till yesterday morning, about ten o'clock, when
she steamed slowly up to the moorings opposite
Haulhowline, the pumps being kept still at work.
Subsequently a diver was sent dOwn to examine the
ship's bottom, but the result of his inspection has
not been made known. As is the case with all

iron-clad vessels, such as the Research, the portion
of the hull below the water-line is wood, and it is
therefore believed that the damage consists of a few
of her planks being strained. It is not yet known
what will be done with regard to repairing the ship,
but whatever is required, the local dock proprietors
have intimated their readiness to tender for. The
general belief, however, is that she will be taken to
one of the Government docks to have the necessary
repairs made. The vessel which the Research was
chasing is called the Alaska, 700 tons, Captain
Lester. She is an exceedingly rakish-looking
American built barque, and said to resemble
very much the description given of the Fenian
privateer alleged to have been seen on the coast.

She is bound from San Francisco to this port for
orders, and Captain Lester States that, previous
to being bailed by the Research on Wednesday
afternoon, he had been overhauled three times by
other of her Majesty's ships between Cape Clear
and the Old Head of Kinsale. On Monday morn-
ing, when off the latter point, the Alaska was sail-
ing at a very quick rate when she was signalled by
one of her Majesty's frigates, the name of which the
captain did not ascertain, but having shown her
colours, and Capt. Lester having answered questions
as to where he was from, and what his business to
Cork was, she was permitted to proceed. On
the same day, when the Alaska arrived off
Baltimore harbour, the Government despatch
vessel Helicon, intercepted her, and interrogated
Captain Lester in somewhat the same terms as
he had been earlier in the day by the frigate.
The Helicon then retired, and, as Captain Lester
thought, satisfied with the result of their inquiries.
However, on the following Morning, the Helicon
again turned up with the Alaska off Galley Head.
The very unusual cut of the latter, and her great
speed, appeared to excite the suspicions of the naval
people greatly. On this occasion the Helicon ap-
peared to be acting under orders of 'the Research,
which was seen in the distance. The former
launched a boat, and in a few minutes an officer
with an armed crew came alongside the Alaska.
After making the usual inquiries the officer re-
quested to see the ship's papers. Captaia Lester
put them immediately at his disposal, and the
officer said everything was right, and apologised
for putting the captain to so much trouble. He
then left, and the Alaska went on her course,
Captain Lester thinking that now, at least, he was
free from any further interference. The following
day, however, at three o'clock, when some miles
south-west of the Old Head of Kinsale, he again
saw the Research. She signalled to the Alaska to
heave to, but the latter did not do so, and the ram
put on full speed to overtake her.
cl.lo‘..tiethtoistthieraieatuhde.
barque, as before stated, was very
It was blowing rather freshly from the eastward at
the time, and Captain Lester and his pilot, Horgan,
explain why they did not heave the barque to in this
way—being close to the land, and from the way the
wind was blowing, they did not think it prudent to
stop the way of the ship, because had they done so
she would certainly have drifted on shore. This
accounts rather satisfactorily for the manner in
which Captain Lester acted. The Alaska, the
business of which was done in Messrs. J. Dawson
and Co.'s office, received her crders yesterday for
Liverpool."

IMPROVEMENTS AT ETON.—Great alterations and
improvements aro being effected at the Cuckoo Weir
bathing ph.ce of the Etonians, near Long-bridge and
Upper Hope. The ground near the shore is being lowered
to a level with that on the other side of the stream, and
with the earth thus obtained an embankment is being
thrown up, which will screen the bathers from the gaze
of the passers-by on the footpath ; and in the neighbour-
ing lane piles and planking will be placed along the
water's edge to prevent the action of the current on the
land in good time. The College watermen have been em-
ployed in executing this work.

caluips",.

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EDUCATION,
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former
paper
SUP. , cs\—ur, ' _44t. 1.
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Aro E'VANS' to SUP,
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EVANS' to SUP. \
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EVANS' to SUP. • tik • -
, lich the countries of the
EVANS' to SUP. ) 0 41-
• o s fiQ
maw° EVANS' to SUP. - D • :*-?4r and having allude,'
Are EVANS' to SUP, superiority, it i-
Theatre EVANS' to SUP. - - the chary'
Pkt.l(.3F 4..
a. Club, EVANS', Covent-garden. Vooll
Mnment at Eight. -
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1' HE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUA R Y 6, 1868. STAMPICD sd. cat;

Having noted in our former paper upon this su*ect a
numbei of [the manufacturing processes with regard to
which the countries of the Continent differ from or excel
us, and having alluded to the causes of that difference or
superiority, it is now necessary to mention briefly what are
the characteristic-features of the systems of technical edu-
cation which prevail on the Continent, and especially in
France. First, then, there are primary or elementary
schools ; secondly, there are special or technical schools ;
and thirdly, there are (in France) apprenticehip. Tech-
nical education is not confined to a particular class of
school ; for instruction of this kind is communicated from
the earliest stages, and the system of education i.., homo-
geneous from the beginning.

Primary schools may be either private or public. The
private primary schools have been established almost ex-
clusively by religious or benevolent cocieties, or by the
proprietors of factories, foundries, &c., for the benefit of
their employers. The public primary schools are those of
which c• 'ry commune or parochial district is obliged by
Government to maintain one or more. Every commune
of more than 500 inhabitants must have separate schools
for boys and girls. The teachers are appointed by the
Prefect of the Department. The commune bears the
expense of the school, and if the commune be too poor to
support its school, grants are allowed in aid of this object
from the Department and from the Ministry of Public
Instruction. The school fees are generally 2s. 6d. a month,
but the poor are taught free. In 1865, about one-half of
the boys and one-half of the girls were taught free. In
that year the total number of children under instruction,
in the public schools was 3,537,659 ; in the private schools,
978,258. In 1,957 communes, primary instruction was
given gratuitously to all in 5,550 schools.
In a population estimated in 1266 at 38 millions, the
number of children between 7 and 13- years of age was
computed to be 3,974,062, or about 600,000 less than the
number of children actually attending school. This goes
to prove that a large number of children must have been -
at school before the age of 7, or have continued in attend
ante after the age of 13.
The cost of public primary instruction in France in. 1856
was £2,100,000, of which £870,000 was-paid -by- the bes;:tev-.
mimes, £BOO,OOO obtained from fees, £lBO,OOO by the de-
partments, £240,000 by the State, and the rest from gifts,
&c. It thus appears that of the whole cost of the public
school 4 £1,674,000, or nearly the whole, came from the
m nunes themselves in the shape of taxes and school

In every primary school, whether public or private, the
following subjects must be taught :—Religious instruction,
reading, writing, and arithmetic, elements of the French
language, elements of history, and geography. But the
course may also include elements of natural philo-
sophy, natural history, elements of agriculture and manu-
factures, mechanical and freehand drawing, singing, gym-
nastics, &c.

There are also elementary adult classes. Of these this
number in 1863-4 was only 5,623, while in 1866-7 the num-
ber of schools was 32,383—a sixfold increase. These are
conducted by qualified public teachers ; 26,050 of them
were gratuitous. In 11,878 adult primary schools one or
more of the following subjects were taught :—Drawing,
book-keeping, natural philosophy, geometry, and land-
surveying (80,763 adult students pursued this subject),
history, geography, and singing. 20,505 of these schools
were purely elementary. The number of adult scholars
was no less than 829,555, of whom snore than a third were
absolutely illiterate, or nearly so, on entering. The cost
of adult education was £74,500, of which more than half
was covered by grants from municipal councils, the rest
by free gifts, &c. By far the greater number of adult
classes are held on Sundays, at such times as nst to inter-
fere with public worship.
Special, or, as it is called in England, technical instruc-

tion was introduced into the lycees and colleges of France
fifteen years ago ; and now there is scarcely a town of any
consideration but has either a lycee or a college, or both.
There are also a number of private schools for technical
instruction. The most eminent of these were, and still
are, the Ecole Turgot and the College Chaptal—magnifi-
cent metropolitan institutions, which received children
intended for every career except the learned professions.
Entirely distinct from these are the technical schools
proper. These are, as a rule, subject to the ministries of
the department which the kind of education given in them
is intended to- subserve ; though there are, more especially
in the provinces, many schools established by the Chambers
of Commerce and Industry, and by individuals partaking
of a similar character. 'Thus, the Ecole Polytecnique,
being chiefly devoted to the education and training 'of
military officers, is under the department of the Minister of
War, the School of Naval Engineering is under the
Minister of Marine, the Fine Arts Schools are utuler the
ministry of the Imperial Household ; and the Conservatoire
Imperial of Arts and handicrafts, the three Schools of
Art and Handicraft of Chfilons, Aix, and Angers,
the Central School of Arts and Manufactures, ills
three great .Agricultural Schools, of which that
of Grignon is the most celebrated, the school of
Bridges and Causeways, and all those, in short, in which
agriculture and manufacture arc mule the chief feature,
ar: under the control of the Tviin'ster of Agriculture,
Commerce, and Public Works. The three provincial
schools of Arts and Handicrafts in the respective towns of
Chfslons, Aix, and Angers may serve as types of the culi-
nary technical schools of France, and in describing them
the whole number may be said to be described. The
course occupies three years. The pupils rise at a quarter
past five. Five-and-a-half hours daily—four in the morning,
and one-and-a-quarter in the evening —are devoted to
theoretical studies, and seven bouts to manual labour.
Mathematics and drawing are taught in the morning;
the evening is devoted chiefly to preparation. Classes
in grammar and writing are held morning and
evening. The manual labour in the workshop
is divided into two equal stages—from half-past
ten a.m. till two p.m., and from half-past three
till seven. The students are classed in three divisions,
according to the yearli of entrance. Each class has its
qualified professor of mathematics and mechanics, as well
as its professor of drawing. We have not space to describe
the course of study. The labour in the workshops includes

progressive work in carpentry, forging, casting in metals,
and fitting up machines. There are 900 pupils, all boarders
in these three schools ! The minimum age of admission is
15 ; the annual cost for board and instruction is £2O, which
is of course far from defraying the expenses of the esta-
blishments. The pupils are mostly the sons of mechanics
or small tradesmen. After they leave the school these
young men rise in almost all cases to high industrial posi-
tions ; very rarely do they continue to remain ordinary
workmen.

Mr. Samuelson, in summing up the results of his inqui-

ries, says :—" If I may venture to suggest some further
measures, which may, in my opinion, be speedily and
safely adopted by the State to promote education, I would
sum them up as follows. First, as to Elementary Edu-
cation.—Let no child under twelve he allowed to work
until it can read and write. Make it the duty of every
parish to see that its children have the means of elemen-
tary instruction. Encourage elementary schools by special
grants to establish advanced classes. Assist the pupils
of elementary schools who have shown remarkable ability
to continue their education in a superior school. Secondly,
as to Technical Education.—Revise your Science Minutes
and abolish the limitation to working-class pupils of the
capitation grants to science teachers. It is simply a
stumbling-block to the weak consciences of committee-
men, and prevents the establishment of classes, remunera-
tive to the teachers. Pay a larger sum per head for the
more difficult subjects, and thereby remove the temptation
to the teachers of science schools to ride physiology and
inorganic chemistry to death. Give a thoroughly scientific
training in Jermyn•street to a small number of young men,
chosen, if you like, in, part from amongst your more
promising " science teachers," in order to qualify them as
professors of science. Distinguish between these and the
men who merely get up one or two subjects in order:. to
teach a science class. Supplement local efforts to establish
or to extend secondary or superior scientific schools (not
mere science classes), by building grants or loans, and by

the endowment, or partial endowment, under proper con-
ditions, of professorships. Begin with Manchester (if
Manchester is not too proud), whose citizens are trying to
raise £lOO,OOO for the enlargement of Owen's College. Let
one condition of assistance to a scientific school be, that a
perfecting school (Fortbildungsschule) shall be affiliated
to it; and of the endowment of a professorship, that the
professor shall teach in the perfecting school. Lastly,
consolidate your Department of Education."

KING THEODORIIS AND THE 'I'I"RI.I.S.—A corre-
spondent of the Times of India, writing from Annesley
Bay, says :—" Abyssinia, the land of superstition, has of
course its witches of Endor. I heard a good story the
other day illustrating the popular feeling of the country
against Theodorus, and the result of our advent. The
King, so the story said, heaid the news with a troubled
countenance, and determined to consult the spirits of his
'ethers. They were summoned and appeared before him.
The King : Tell me my fate. Shall I conquer as I have
always conquered? Spirits: No; thy time has come;
prepare thyself. The King : Let me reign but three years
more, and I will redeem the past. Spirits : No. The,
King: But two years ; let me reign but two years. Spirits:
No ! Not one year. Thou hest been tried and found
wanting. The blood of slaughtered thousands cries aloud
for vengeance. But stay ! There is yet one chance.
Relinquish sovereignty, return to thy country, be again
the tiller of the soil, earn thy bread by the sweat of thy
brow, and live The King was very irate, and the spirits
were directed to go to the place from whelks the 7