The Sun.
London, England, 1850-01-24 00:00:00

MARLBRO'-STREET-(THIS DAY

AN EXPENSIVE BOOT.—George Parsloe was charged
before Mr. Bingham with having stolen a leather boot,
value 51, under the following circumstances:—
Mr. John Hollis, licensed victualler, 39, Union-street,
stated that a club of boot and shoemakers was held at
his house, and once in the year the members of the club
exhibited to the trade prize sfecimens of their work.
manship. About nine o'clock last night, whilst he was
at supper with some friends, the prisoner and two other
men came in and requested to be allowed to see the
prize boots. Believing them to be in the trade, he
desired his waiter to show them up into the club-room,
wherein the boots were exhibited. After ordering some
gin the waiter left the room to attend upon witness, and
during his absence the prisoner and his companions came
down stairs and ltfc the house. A few minutes after they
kit, he had occasion to go into the club-room, when he
missed one of the prize boots and a shoe, worth together
about 8/. He immediately gave information, with a de-
scription of the prisoner, to the police, who succeeded in
taking him into custody in about an hour after the rob-
bery bad been discovered.
A witness named Barwell said he was standing at
prosecutor's bar about half-past nine last night, when he
saw the prisoner and two other men come down stairs.
As they were leaving the house, he distinctly saw the
heel of a boot sticking out of the prisoner's coat pocket.
On hearing that one of the prize boots was stolen, he told
prosecutor of what he had stoa.

The prisoner, who denied the charge, was remanded
for a week.

DARING ROBBERY.—James Bassett, a well-known
thief, was brought before Mr. Bingham, charged with
stealing 55 yards of cotton print, value IL 55., the pro-
perty of Mr. James Syden, draper, 7, Leicester-square.
Martin Milan, a porter in the employ of the prose-
cutor, stated that on the previous afternoon, about five
o'clock, he was in his master's shop, when he saw some
person come to the door and snatch a piece of print from
a pile close by ire door. Witness immediately ran out,
and saw the prisoner running across the square with tt,r
piece of print produced under his arm. Witness rau after
him, calling out " Stop thie`,” and the prisoner seeing that
he was closely followed threw away the print and bolted
up Panton-street as fast as his legs could carry him. On
turning into the Haymarket he raa into the arms of a
constable who had heard the alarm,' and who detainee
him till witness arrived, when he was conveyed to the
station.

Thomas Hyde, foreman to the prosecutor, identified
the prii,t Ai the property of his master.
Potice-constable A 323 proved taking the prisoner
into custody, and stated that he (prt,oner) was an asso-
ciate of thieve:, and had been convicted several times.

The prisoner, who denied the robbery, was fully com-
mitted tor trial.

POSTAL COMMUNICATION BE-

TWEEN LONDON AND PARIS.

The following memorial, to which the principal
mercantile houses in London and Liverpool have at•
tached their names, has been presented to Lord John
Russell :

" That the present postal communication between
England and France does not offer those facilities
which the great interest of the two countries require.
" That the mail service via Dover and Calais is
performed with much unnecessary delay, and con-
veyed by a circuitous and expensive route, to the
great detriment of commerce and international com-
munication.

," That by the substitution of the more direct and
less expensive route via Folkestone and Boulogne,
letters posted in Paris in the evening would reach
London in time for the first morning delivery, and in
time also for the early morning mails to the north
and west of England.
" That the delay caused by the present postal ser•
vice between the two countries affects not only the
correspondence between London and Paris, but the
mails from India and China, and thereby occasions
much inconvenience to the general trade and com-
merce of the country.
" That the service between Folkestone and Bou-
logne could be performed with certainty and regu-
larity, except during the prevalence of south-west
gales of wind, which render the port of Boulogne in-
accessible for not more than twenty times in the year,
when the mails might be landed at Calais, and carried
by special conveyance to Boulogne.
" That even under such circumstances the mails
would be conveyed in the same time, and be delivered
at the same hour, as at present via lover and Calais,
where there is an insurmountable fixed and regular
delay, occasioned by the additional length of sixty-
six and a half miles of road ; and that the present
failures in the service, which not unfrequently occur
during north-vast gales of wind, when Calais is in-
accessible, would entirely cease.
That your memorialists, therefore, pray that for
the interests of commerce and promotion of amity
and intercourse between the two countries the mail
service may be transferred to the direct and natural
highway between London and Paris via Folkestone
and Boulogne.
" A►nd your memorialists, ice."

DIAMOND DUST.
(From Eliza Cook's Journal.)

We may safely fix our eibto n on those whom we hear
some people depreciate.
Humility is the low but broad and deep foundation of
every virtue.
Wise sayings often fall t) tt'e ground, bat a kind
word is never thrown away.
Reading is the ally, not the adversary of genius; and
he who reads in a proper spirit can scarcely rsa i too
much.

Criticism is a study by which men grow important and
formidable at very small expense.
When the domestic virtues display themselves in the
midst of privations, and anxieties, and sufferings, then
they shine most conspicuously. They are like the
snowdrops and crocuses, which unexpectedly peep out
of the frost-bound soil, to diversify the depth and dreari-
ness of winter, and give us a cheerful foretaste of the
coming spring.

INVALID DEPOT FOR CONVICTS.—The authorities
of the convict department have decided on converting
the old barracks at Shornecliff into a depot for invalid
convicts, to relieve the hospital ships and the other ves-
sels stationed at Woolwich from being overcrowded by
the sickly who are unfit fur out-door labour in the Dock-
yard and Royal Arsenal at Woolwich, and from other
pods where convicts are employed in this country.
Thirty-six, mostly old and diseased convicts unfit for
out-door manual labour, were removed yesterday, and
conveyed by the South-Eastern Railway to Folkestone,
and thence to Shornecliff Barracks, situate between
Sandgate and Hythe, where they will be employed as
shoemakers and t3ilors, or other indoor work, suitable' to
the sta e of their health.

ROMANCE OF REAL LIFE. - In the year 1779
there lived in Wrext an Cupfain Jones, an elderly gen-
tleman, and a young doctor, nam,cl Mlnning. They
were friends until from some cause they quarrelled. We
believe tl at Certain Jones's daughter was the subjpci
cif dispute. A duel was fought, Captain Jones was
killed, and Dr. Manning became deranged. lie resided
in Wrexham a few years afterwards, and wal then seat
to Kirkdale Lunatic Asylum. After a confinement of
nearly fifty yews he died la,t week, and his body was
brought to Wrexham for interment. His property is
said to have aecumulat 41 to about 70,0001., which will
be divided among his relatives. During the last week
this incident has been the subject if much fireside
conversation among the old people of Wrexham, many
of whom remember the circumstances of the duel,.
Cheater Chronicle.

THE BRAZILS.
LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY.
By the Swordfish, Captain Green, we have advices
from Rio de Janeiro to the 15th, Pernambuco to the
17th, and from Bahia to the 10th of December.
From Pernambnco we learn that cottons had de-
clined to 4,600 to 4,700 reis per arroba for average
quality, but, better advices having been received,
immediately advanced, and all supplies since, averag-
ing 1,000 bags weekly, have been eagerly bought up
at 5,200 reis for average quality, and 100 to 200 reis
per arroba more for superior, which are the quotations
for to-day.
The arrivals of the new crop of sugar up to this
date have been much less than during the same
period last year. This, added to a number of unli-
mited orders for execution, has caused prices to open
and be eupported very high, and far beyond the ge-
neral limits received by the November packets. It
is expected, however, when these are completed,
which it was thought would take place before the
middle of next month, that prices would give way.
hides—Dry salted hides have been in better de-
mand at 92i reis per lb. In exchange, the rate had
declined to 27id., at which transactions to a consi-
derable amount had- been effected. In freights—
cotton for Liverpool, at 9-16.1. and 5 per cent. per lb.
Sugar ballasts, 20.. per ton nominal.
At Rio coffee was quoted at 5,000 to .5,200 reis
for superiors, and at 4,700 to 4,900 reis for good
firsts. Exchange stood at 27-11. to 28d. In freights
little doing.

At Bahia exchange was 271 d.; more money than
bills. Cotton selling at 5,200 to 5,300 reis per arroba.
Freights dull. Last charter to' the Channel 403. per
ton. Cotton to Liverpool was taken at 1. to I.
and 5 per cent. per pound.
The Swordfish sailed in company with the
Enterprise for London, the Esk for Trieste,
and the Manchester for the Channel. The Li-
vonia was to said on the 18th for the West Indies.
The Laura, from Liverpool, was waiting for pas-
sengers to proceed to Sydney. The Hyperion, from
Callao, was discharging to repair. The Fenella had
been sold to defray expenses incurred. The Onward
Queen was loading for the Mediterranean ; the Ja-
maica sailed on the 10th for Bahia, and the Lanca-
shire Witch on the 11th for Paraiba and Liverpool.
The Dyson and the Mary Queen of Scots were
loading at Maceio, and would sail in about a week for
Liverpool.

COURT CIRCULAR.
WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.
The Queen walked this morning in the Slopes
and Windsor Park.

The Royal Family took walking and pony exercise
in the grounds around the Castle.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert went out
shooting this morning, accompanied by the Duke de
NernourF, and attended by Lord Camoys, Colonel
Hon. Charles Grey, Lord Charles Fitzroy, and Co-
lonel F. H. Seymour.
The royal dinner party this evening includes
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, the
Duke and Duchess de Nemours, General and
Lady Isabella Wemyss, and Mr. Birch.
The band of the Grenadier Guards attends during
dinner. Her Majesty's private band will afterwards
attend at the Castle.

The Hon. kisaMacdonald has relieved the Hon.
Miss Cavendish in her duty as Maid of Honour in
Waiting to the Queen.
Lord Camoys and Major-General Sir Frederick
Stovin have relieved the Earl of Listowel and Colonel
Hon. R. Boyle in their duties as Lord and Groom in
Waiting to her Majesty.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent arrived
at her residence, Clarence House, St. James's, at
twelve o'clock, yesterday, from Frogmore House.
Her Royal Highness visited the Duchess of Gloucester
at Gloucester House, and afterwards kfc town on her
return to Frogmore House.
A deputation on Swansea Dock, consisting of Mr.
J. H. Vivian, If.P., Mr. Dillwyn, Mr. C. H. Smith,
Mr. G. G. Francis, and Mr. W. Stroud, had an in-
terview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yes-
terday, at his official residence in Downing-street.
The Commissioners for inquiring into Smithfield-
market and markets in the city of Loudon fur
the sale of meat, had a meeting yesterday, at the
Home-office. There were present Mr. George Corne-
wall Lewis, Sir James Duke, Sir Harry Verney,
Professor Richard Owen, and Mr. John Wood.
Lady John Russell had an assembly yesterday
evening, at her residence in Chesham-place.

TO THE EDITOR OF IHE SUN.
Sin,--I have real with great interest your brilliant
article in The Sun of last evening, respecting the cul-
pable indifference hitherto manifested by the present
Government towards the three illustrious champions
of free trade, namely, the persevering and undaunted
M-. Villiers, the venerable and acute Colonel Thomr-
son, and the deeply-lamented, indefatigable poet,
Ebenez-r Elliott; and most cordially do .1 concur in
the noble sentiments which you have expressed to-
wards the two Honourable Members, and the deceased
free-trade and Corn-law Rhymer. I r'joice too, Sir,
with you that the high claims of the first named gen-
tleman have at length been, in some degree, recognized
by Lord John Russell, in the honour conferred upon
that gentlemen to move the Address on the Queen's'
Speech.
But, Sir, the following exquisite eulogium from
your eloquent article has forcibly reminded me of a
project which was set on foot, I think, in 1846, for
raising " A National Testimonial to Sir Robert
Peel.' You truly say, " There was much, very
much, due to the magnanimity of that distinguished
statesman, who sacrificed his influence over a gigantic'
faction, who resigned the supreme power hitherto
exercised by him over the Parliament, and who
voluntarily retreated from the highest office of autho-
rity in the country, that of Prime Minister of Eng-
land, for the purpose of paying his allegiance to
the sway of truth, and of testifying his loyalty to the
cause of experience." Sir, these sentiments will be
echoed by the great body of the people of this coun-
try, and will furnish a good answer to the obloquy
and abuse which have been heaped upon the head of
the devoted ex-Premier almost daily since he had the
courage to throw overboard the party in this country
who would tax the poor man's loaf for the purpose cf
keeping up their rents, at almost ruinous figures to
the poor tenant-farmers.
My principal object, however, in addressing you on
this occasion is to endeavour to resuscitate the ex-
cellhwhich a haveialluded.B46.
It w
alst
pro-was
by penny subscriptions, in order
commenced,posed e n tt
o projectcarry
as
it
oo
ut
to make it strictly national, and that the poor man
might have an opportunity of testifying his gratitude
to Sir Robert Peel for the great sacrifices he had
made to benefit the former. The Morning Adver•
tiser originally, I believe, propounded the scheme.
Subscriptions flowed into the office of that journal,
and also into the various places throughout the coun-
try for receiving contributions, every day, with ra-
Fidity, so that a large sum was thereby raised.
Suddenly, however, the matter was dropped; but
what has become of the money I know nut, though
myself, in common, doubtless, with hundreds, would
be very glad to learn.
Under these circumstances, Sir, I am sure, you
will kindly allow me to ask,
through your paper, to
whose hands the said fund was confided, and whether
it is proposed to apply that fund to its original pur-
pose or to appropriate it to some charity ?—Your
very obedient servant, REMEMBRANCER.
London, Jan. 23.

DESTRUCTION OF BUCHANAN-ROUSR, THE SEAT
OF THE I)UKE OF MONTROSE.--GLASGOW, TUESDAY
EVENING.--We regret to learn that last night .13u•
chanan-house, on the shores of Loch Lomond, the
Scottish seat of the Duho of Montrose, was totally de-
stroyed by fire. how the fire originated we have not
yet learned, but there is no reason to consider it other-
wise than accidental. Soon after the flames were dis-
covered they ottained a complete mastery. The house,
with the greater cart cf its furniture and " plenishing,"
has been destroyed. The ducal family was absent at
the time. The house was spacious and comfortable, and
most delightfully situated in a fine lawn dotted with old
timber; but it hal none of the high grales of architec-
ture t) recommend it. The land and castles upon it
have been long in the possession of the Montrose family,
and the mansion formed their only seat in Scotland. The
loss is partly covered by insurance; but it is feared that
many relics and old family papers, which money cannot
replace, have perished, sueh as the records connected
with the glorious actions of the " Grest Marquis of
Montrose."

Loss OF THE BRIG DART.---Tbe br;g Richard
Dart was from London to Auckland, and struck on
Prince Edward's Island ,during a thick fog on the 19th
June, and became a total wreck. The following persons
were drowned, viz.:—Passengers: Lieut. Liddell, RE.,
Dr. Gale, Dr. and Mrs. Fitten and child, Mr. Kelly,
twenty-five men, RE., tour women, nine children, and
eight seamen.—Front the South African of Nov. 15.

_ -
BRITISH BENEFICENT INSTITUTION.—The Earl of
Cardigan honoured Mr. H. F. Richardson, the secretary
of this institution, with an interview on Monday, at his
mansion in Portmar-square, on business connected with
this charity, and of which his Lordship is President.
The Noble Lnrd fixed Wednesday, May 29, for a dinner
to celebrate the fcundation of the institution, at which
the Noble and Gallant Earl will preside, at the Free-
masons' Hall.

SUICIDE IN MANCHESTER.—This morning, on
opening the shop of Mr. Louis Beaver, watchmaker,
Cross-street, a youth about 18 years of age, who usu-
ally slept on the premises for the purpose of protecting
them, was found hanging in the shop, and quite dead.
He had b( ea observed to be in a desponding state during
the day, but no apprehension was entertained for hi.
safety. No reason can be assigned for this unhappy
deed.

ANGELS ON THE TRAMP.—A vagrant called at a
house on a Sucday, and begged for some cider. The
lady refaced t) give him any, and he reminded her of
the oft-quasi remark, that she "might entertain an
angel unawaree," " Yoe," said she, " bui angel® don't
go about drinlOng cider on 0%112(1111r

NATIONAL CURRENCY REFORM
ASSOCIATION.
Last night a public meeting was held at the Lon-
don Coffee- house, Ludgate-hill, for the purpose of ex-
plaining the objects acd principles of the National
Currency Reform Association. Oa the platform
were Mr. Francis I3ennoch (the president), Mr.
Duncan (the secretary), Mr. (lorry (barrister-at-
law), Mr. Sidney Smith, &e.
Mr. 13ENNOCII, who was in the chair, opened the
proceedings in a speech of great length and of great
merit. It was one of the advantages of this our
country that every man was listened to with com-
placency, with kindness, and with courtesy, more
particularly when he came forward with a system to
propose whereby the sufferings of millions of our
fellow-men were to be alleviated, and all classes of
the community were to be advantaged. In a com-
mercial community it was quite clear that anything
which was calculated to give steady and continuous
trade, to prevent those cycles of terrible distress
which frequently occurred, was an important matter for
commercial men especially to consider. Some gentle-
men might say, perhaps,
,that there was no occasion
for such a movement as i now, because we had now
passed over the troubled waters, and that we were
again sailing in smooth water. Bat this was a fal-
lacy, and he warned those whom he addressed of the
dangers which yet existed. The storm was not over,
it was but the lull before a coming storm, which must
again visit the country unless our monetary system
should be placed on a sounder basis. All panics were
the result of fear and distrust, more than of necessity.
The last panic was stayed by confidence being re-
stored, though the fact still existed—the scarcity of
gold remained, but the fear vanished. The run upon
the Bank of England, which had drained its bullion
to 700,0001. in the banking department, was only
stayed by the letter of the Lords of the Treasury
releasing the Bank from the obligation to circulate
its notes backed and based on gold. No sooner was
that necessity removed, than confidence returned.
The money was circulated in the country, and the
bankers were enabled to fortify their own posi-
tion. The drain of bullion at that time was not
to meet foreign obligations, but internal neces-
sities. A society then existed, the object of which
was to show tbat the difficulty existed from
the deficiency of gold. Then it was urged
that there was a danger of our having too
much gold. The society pressed upon the Govern-
ment the necessity for inquiry into the question
of the currency. And what was the result ? The
House of Commons appointed a secret Committee of
the friends of bullionism ; and though it was a packed
Committee, yet they were only able to prevent the
Bill of 1844 being condemned by a majority of two ;
whilst by a Committee of the House of Lords, it was
unequivocally condemned, and a report of some 70 or
80 pages was drawn up, showing that bills of ex-
change payable on demand, if not the cause, had con-
siderably aggravated the distress of the country. In
introducing the principles of this National Currency
Reform Association, he thought it would be well to
look at some of those societies who pretend to avert
or ameliorate the dangers which surrounded us, and
the distress which was likely to arise by and bye,
and which, indeed, was now existing. Where so
much was attempted to be done, he believed that none
of these parties would accomplish what they proposed.
He would glance at a few of those societies, because
it was essential to the appreciation of the plan which
this association proposed, and of the agitation of
which this was the commencement. First of all, there
were the Protection societies. Protection, as formerly
established, he believed we never could return to. Our
only protection must be in our superior skill, or in
possession cif a circulating medium which should
give permanent and continuous employment to the
people. Parliamentary Reform, and the extension of
the elective franchise, were unquestionably necessary
for the purpose of placing the mass of the com-
munity on a fair footing with others.—(Cheers.)
But the extension of the franchise would not accom-
plish all that was required, any more than the Par-
liamentary Reform Act had accomplished what its
great authors intended. Financial reform was always
a good question to agitate, but it would not benefit
the masses to any large or general extent; they
wanted more money to give more labour, and not to
save money to give less labour. The labour that was
given by the Government, if properly expended—the
money expended on labour, if properly expended,
was not wasted—it was money circulated to pay for
labour. That money was again circulated to pay for
other reproductive labour. This evidently would be
fostered, and prosperity would be the result. The
building of ships was a mode of expenditure of
money to be approved, and the breaking up of such
ships was an unproductive proceeding, and should
be discouraged. But the expenditure of ten of
twelve millions of money, for the purpose of
reclaiming waste lands, or benefiting the people
by a continuous employment, instead of being a
drain, must be a benefit to the country at large. Sit
Robert Peel had a system also—(Groans)—by which
he very generously would spend 20 per cent. of his
rental in benefiting his own land - but the 20 pet
cent. so expended on this land would not meet tht
obligations of the tenantry which they had entered
inte, expecting that wheat would continue at 50s. w
605., which it was then, whereas wheat was now a'
40s —(Hear.) Two or three years must elapse
before the money thus expended would be productive, i
or of importance to the tenantry ; and indeed man)
of them might be destroyed before the time arrived.
Next, there was Mr. Disraeli's plan, and he told the
agriculturists that what he proposed was, that a sum
of 5,000,000/. should form a sinking fund—not
borrowed, but a real sinking fund—which, safely in
hand, would, in less than ten months, raise Consols
above par, and thus enable landlords to borrow money
to apply to their land at 3 per cent., instead of paying
as they now do, 4 and 4} per cent. Then the farmei
could go to his banker or neighbour, and obtain from
him at a reasonable rate the capital he required
for the improvement of the soil. "That, gentle-
men," said Mr. Disraeli, "is your remedy ; equal
taxation and cheap capital. Mind, when I say cheap
capital, I am not recommending you to depreciate
your coin, or to adopt a paper currency, whieh could
not easily be converted into gold." Well, Mr.
Disraeli said the farmers would borrow money at 3
instead of 4or per cent. Then they would have
a saving of 101. or 15/. on a loan of 1,0001. Would
that be of any great importance to the agriculturists ?
He then said be did not wish the farmer to depre-
ciate the coin of the realm. Did the farmer require
gold only to purchase manure, or to obtain facilities
far carrying on his work ? Of all men in the coun-
try the farmer was the one who least of all required
gold as a circulating medium, seeing that bank-notes
were placed on the credit of the country, therefore,
if they gave them a medium of exchange, what cared
they for gold ?—(Cheers.) But by these means to
profess to relieve the distress of the farmers, was a
fallacy. Nothing more hollow or deceptive, in his
opinion, had ever rationally been brought before a
reasoning community. Mr. Disraeli would alleviate
distress by imposing more taxes, and he did not see
how this could be done. Mr. Disraeli wished to
raise 5,000,0001., and with that, on his theory,
Consols would rise to par, and the bankers would
get cheap money. Consols, at the particular time
when Mr. Disraeli spoke, were 93. On this plan he
would raise them to 100/., giving 71. profit ; thus
every 1,0001. would give 701. in ten months, so that
the whole national debt, amounting to 800,000,0001.,
would be increased in ten months by 56,000,000/. in
value, by first sinking 5,000,0001. Why, they heard
sometimes of wizards, of necromancers, conjuror's and
harlequins, whose magic wand could tarn anything
into gold ; but Mr. Disraeli was the great necro-
mancer of the age. He would raise Consols. by
56,000,0001. if they would give him 40,000.0001., and
the country would be then in a prosperous state.
Such was his theory. He now came to Mr. Sidney
Herbert's plan. The benevolence of that movement
could not be doubted for a moment. It was ge-
nerous—it was wise to help the distressed; and it
was still wiser if, by helping the distressed at home,
we could benefit our countrymen at the anti-
podes. But they must not permit mere bene•
volence to blind them to the great question before
them, and they must, look to its results, simply and'
clearly, without being carried away by the philan
thropy of the undertaking. Supposing they raised
a sum of 20,0001. by, public subserir ion, at the rate
of 101. each (the lowest price at which they could send
out emigrants to Australia or Sydney) they would
only relieve 2,000 persons. But the average price of
sending out each emigrant being 151. to 201., then only
1,500, or probably 1,000 would be provided for. Such
would be the practical result of this magnificent
scheme, which showed the readiness with which any
scheme was subscribed for which held out the pro-
spect of benefitting our labouring population.—(Hear,
hear.) But take away these 2,000, and the difference
would not be known in this vast metropolis ; it would
not amount to 1 per cent. of those who were suffering,
therefore no great benefit would be realised; and it
happened that in the midst of this distress, in York-
shire and Lancashire, they had not sufficient skilled
labour to execute orders with which the manufac-
turers were crowded. Now on this point of skilled
labour he came to considerations of principles—he parti-
cularly referred to skilled labour, as while the skilled
labourers were being pruned off the branches the root
was still deeply fixed in society. The disease was
spreading; the tree grew, yielding the fruit of po-
verty, destitution, crime, and death.—(Hear.) At
the same time he: would not like it to be understood
that he was opposed to emigration ! By no means.
It was the glory of this country—it was the advan-
tage of this country, that she had colonies peopled by
the same race, with the same determined perseverance
to succeed in every work which they undertook. We
had reason, too, to boast of our friends on the other
side of the Atlantic as worthy heirs of a worthy na-
tion, peopling the wilds and spreading the Anglo-
Saxon race over the whole continent of America.—
(Rear) The result of the panics to which he had

referred, and the occasional cycles of commercial
distress was, that skilled labour became at a discount,
and was not required. Many a man who emigrated
felt that he had within him, in his head and his
hands, wealth sufficient to provide for him anywhere.
The distress caused the skilled artisan to find labour
elsewhere, and our American brethren were too
glad to receive him. After this took place, one
cycle was gone, and the skilled artisans were thund
rooted or located in other countries ; and the next
thing which occurred was an emigration scheme,
under which men went voluntarily, and then at great
public expense they send women after them to make
them wives. They were told that all this resulted
from over-population.—(Hear.) Why, to talk of
over-population in a country like this was sheer folly
—(Cheers)—whilst we had millions of acres of land
unfilled, which only required labour to make it pro-
duce sufficient sustenance for all ; and in a neigh-
bouring country there was the finest soil in the world
to make the had highly productive and available.
The wages of the labouring man could be paid so
long as land remained to be tilled. So long as this
was the case, to talk of over-population was sheer
Tally.—(Cheers.) If the evil arose from over-popu-
lation, all the sanitary reforms which had been
happily carried out of late must be regarded merely
as an interference with the dictates and dispensations
of the Divine Providence, and yet such a doctrine
had been advocated by a Christian clergyman ; but
it was one which could not be received by a
Christian community with anything like patience.—
(Loud cheers.) lie would proceed to consider
emigration in its widest sense. He had an opinion
that to the nation emigration was an absolute loss.
The theory which he was about to propound, and to
bring to the proof, he believed to be novel, yet true.—
(Hear.) Of what consisted the national wealth ?
Doubtless, the surplus labour which was condensed
and laid up in skill, was to be used on after occasions.
What produced this wealth but an immense amount
of skilled labour, or manual labour? If it was pro-
duced by machinery it was by the skill of man ; that
machinery was destined to perform the work of man ;
and machinery should not degrade and injure man !
No ! it was made to relieve him from toil, and enable
him to give to the unaided man an amount of time,
which he could not otherwise accomplish, by going
through the whole course of manual labour. The
paupers he believed cost in the: workhouse from ss.
to 10s. per week per bead.—(No, no.) Well, suppose
they took the average at 4s. (make it low enough),
a: that rate each pauper cost 101. per annum.
Lie believed that 4s. per week, or rather more, was
the price paid to the late Mr. Drouet, at Tooting, to
provide for the children committed to his charge. He
would take the men, women, and children at an aver-
age of 4s. per week. In 15 years, at 10/. per annum,
the youths and girls would cost 150/. each. If they
took men from 15 to 20—the years of apprenticeship,
some being engaged in reproductive labour, they
would not be much out if they considered their
weekly wages at 10. e. per week, this would make in
the five years 130/. But, make the estimate low
enough, and say the cost was 1001. or 1501.—there
they had a living animal, the most useful in the world,
costing the producer 150/. Suppose a farmer to be a
great breeder of cattle, and he had raised horses
which, at the end of five sears, were valued at 50/.,
what would be thought of that man if he said, " These
horses are worth 501. each, I will give you Si. to
take them away ?" Yet this was not less consistent
than with us, when a pauper cost 100/. to send him
across the Atlantic to America, and we were glad
to get rid of him.—(Hear, hear.) He found that the
value of a slave there was from 500 to 2,000 dollars,
or from 1002. to 400/. ! Now, let him consider the
numbers of the population who have passed out of
this country, and see how it would support his argu-
ment. In the years 1843,,1844, and 1845, periods of
great prosperity, when a number of undertakings
were introduced, and men were all employed, and
their families were properly supported, the average
number of emigrants from England was 73,000 per
annum. In 1846, 1847, and 1848, the average was
212,000, thereby showing that the emigration was
reduced while the country was in a state of prosperity
and increased when the nation was in a state of dis-
tress. If they took the cost of each emigrant at 100/.,
and it appeared that in the one period 212,000
persons bad gone from the country, then we
had presented to America, or wherever else
they went tc', that material which had cost us
21,000,0001. Having gone into some further
calculations, he maintained that regular employment
was the only thing required to keep the nation con-
stantly prosperous and happy. With regular employ-
ment and good wages the pauper would become a
producer, and by that he became a consumer ; and
lot only this, but he exchanged his own labour for the
tabour of somebody else. Tbus, instead of becoming
i burden, he became a blessing. The next thing that
was said was that we could not find employment for
the people, because if we did so, there was the danger
,f over-production. How many were there in the
workhouse who could not find f sod ? It was clear
that so long as they remained tided, there could be
no over-production for them, and that whilst millions
were almost naked, there could not be over production
:o them. They wanted only a proper principle of
Distribution, which was only to be got by a circulating
nedium of exchange, which should be unfluctuating
Ind abundant. In 1847 it was said that the distress
which prevailed was owing to and arose from rail
ways—from too much labour being employed, and
-oo many people providing for themselves. Now the
iistress they were told arose from a plethora of labour
Lnd of capital. That was to say that there;was too much
labour wanting employment, and too much money to
pay for it.—(A. laugh). In the years 1844 and 1845
money in Lombard-street was about the same as it
now was—it was to be had at Ito 2i per cent.
Gold was then very abundant, speculation went on
rapidly, all was prosperous. But so soon as the notes
were returned to be exchanged for gold to pay
certain labour which was being carried on in the
.iountry, the bullion of the Bank was reduced, the
circulating medium was contracted in the same ratio,
and gigantic enterprises were overthrown by the cir-
culation being suddenly circumscribed. If the rail-
ways had continued all would have been well ; but
large mercantile houses had, he would not say
accommodation, but their right denied them,
Ind men holding Exchequer- bills, backed by
the Government, were unable to get Bank
notes to pay the wages of their workpeople. The
-esult was that they were obliged to sacrifice the
property they had got, and prices fell from 50 to 60
ear cent., and the loss to the nation was not less than
300,000,000/. Some said it was 400,000,000/., or
equal to one-half of the national debt, and the lowest
calculation had been 200,000,000/., or one-fourth of
the national debt. And why ? because 4,000,000/.
had gone from the Bank, not from the country, but
Or internal purposes, to satisfy internal necessity ;
but the drain was sufficient to cause confidence to go,
and prices to fall. It was even said that we had too
much capital. Whence arose this wealth ? It was
considered to arise from the balance of accumulative
labour. But what reproductive labour had taken
place since the year 1847 and the beginning of
1848 ? The estates of large mercantile firms had
been realised, the balances had been paid into the
Bank, and, in consequence of the reduction of the
value of commodities by 40 or 60 per cent., these
commodities were cheaper to the foreigner than gold.
The principle of this association was to endeavour to
get rid of gold altogether as a circulating medium,
and as of nothing in value, except as to foreign
balances of accounts. An expanding circulating me-
dium would carry the country over the difficulty
which might otherwise arise. Some people told them
to take great care, because gold was going out of the
country, which, he maintained, ought to be advan-
tageous for us in the export of corn. No man would
suppose that we gave gold away, or that we did not
get something else back for it; and if, by the aid of
superior machinery, we could produce goods cheaper
than any other nation, then we should get gold
cheaper. There were, it was said, indications of the
nation suffering from an over-abundance of gold.
From California, from the list estimate, it was stated
that the average labour of a man produced 25 dollars,
calculated at one fixed price, per day, or equal to 30/.
a week-25 dollars a day giving 51. a day, and that
giving 30/. a week. 1,560 lbs. of gold gathered in
California in one year at 5 per cent. would realise
751., which would pay a labouring man in England
30s. per week, er two labouring men in Bngl Ind
15s. a week each. This was the annual Meta
in gold, which was indestructible—which could not
be eaten—whilst we had an Act of Parliament which
declared that the price of gold should be 775. 10fd.
per ounce. Another view of the value of gold might
be taken from the fact that lumber, which included
all kinds of wood, which cost in New York 1,000
dollars, was sold in California for 14,000 dollars.
Houses that cost in New York 300 dollars sold in
California at 3,000 dollars. Washing cradles, for
washing the mud and separating it from the gold,
which cost two dollars in New York, sold in Cali-
fornia for 40 dollars, and so in proportion with other
articles. In conclusion, the speaker beggedtorsaty,
that this was no political agitation—it was
free fun
sect or party ; they desired the ascendancy
associations,ce dancy
desiredofnoparty
struggling for political life. T
only to aid the progress of civilization and the general
advancementievt din this of people.—(Cheers.)
be found the
ere.) They be-
lieved
and physical regeneration of the nation. He be-
ehens
be-
lieved that if the object were carried out, trade would he ,
fostered and pushed to its utmost legitimate extent In
reference to the progress of this association, he was
happy to find that the seed which had been sown in
the last month was showing itself, and that the en-
couragement which they had met with had gone be-
yond their expectation. The speech concluded by a
reference to some articles which had appeared in the
Times newspaper, which Mr Bennoch maintained
went to support the views of this association.
Mr. DUNCAN (the secretarT of the society) in a
long speech, which was divided into three beads,

maintained first, that money ought not to possess
any intrinsic value, in opposition to the possess
idolatry" which prevailed on this part cf the sub-
ject. lie next argued from historical facts, that
taking the whole duration of this monarchy,
we had only had gold as money for a limited pe-
riod, and that in those periods when we bad bad
gold as the representative of money, we had en-
countered most tremendous mercantile disasters,
whereas when we were released from this foolish
superstition we bad had periods of unbounded pros-
perity. lie then contended that Mr. Jones Loyd's
theory of trade was altogether illusory, and attributed
the miseries cf the panics of past years to the effect of
Peel's measures of 1816, 1819, and 1844.
Mr. TWELVES, in a speech full of historical statis-
tics, argued at great length against the present mo-
netary system, and concluded by declaring that the
country was placed in this position, that they must
annihilate the national debt, and thus affect the in-
terests of nine-tenths of the population, or return to
a por.r currency.
The proceedings terminated with an intimation
from the Chairman that they would meet again in a
week or ten days, or a fortnight, when gentlemen
who were then prepared to address the meeting would
they thought it
should reserve their remarks
tillb attend,etttehre thfbuebrxs,
teams
geetenht
tei
Inehgtno. ue
nr was

THE WELSH CHURCH.

LETTER X.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—I have had many opportunities
of observing
that even in districts which are superficially
Anglicized, the spiritual husbandry of English
clergymen in Wales can only be compared to the
fastidious efforts of a lady, with a trowel, where the
ploughshare lies rusting in the fallow field, unless
boldly driven deep into the fertile land by voluntary
native labourers.
In trying to make the English language the basis
of Welsh instruction, our rulers have long been
sedulously endeavouring to make a pyramid stand
upon its apex, and thus endangering, crushing, and
scattering those who ought to be gathered and shel-
tered and preserved.
Most Welsh clergymen, being not only the servants
of the Church, but also the servants of beneficed
Englishmen, have charge of more than one parish,
and perform service in English and Welsh alternately
once a day in each, affording insufficient means of
grace to both places. Often the service, nominally
called Welsb, is a mixed one, which always proves
offensive to both parties. This mischievous course is
usually adopted by clergymen who, having learned
the Welsh language merely to procure institution,
find extreme difficulty in reading the lessons, and are
utterly incapable of preaching in Welsh'. The
general comment of their few native hearers upon
such dramatic exhibitions •is very expressive :—." We
understand even less of their 'Welsh than we do of
their English."
A simple fact may appisitely illustrate the general
condition of the Welsh Church as regards the insuffi-
cient means of grace with which it is supplying the
people. A Welsh curate having two parishes, lying
several miles apart, under his care, and residing in
one of them, could only perform service in each church
once every Sunday. He officiated on alternate Sun-
days in the native tongue, and was popular among
the people round his home ; nevertheless, the mem-
bers of his congregation regularly attended also at
the Dissenting chapel. A certain old woman among
them took an opportunity of telling him one day
that she hoped he would approve of her motives in
so doing, as really the Church was not enough for her.
This deficiency in the number of public ordinances
does, in fact, send all their devout attendants, except
the gentry and the higher order of shopkeepers, to seek
additional means of grace elsewhere. It acts as an
auxiliary force to Dissent, while undermining the
attachment of some of its own few members, and
obstructing the religious improvement of the rest.
Some letters signed " Giraldus," hich have
recently appeared in the Daily .News, contain impor-
tant information on this subject, and afford matter
for very serious consideration. It may be inferred
from their statistics of the relative means of grace
offered to the inhabitants of various Welsh localities
by the Establishment and by Dissenters, that the
diocesans, official dignitaries, and parochial ministers
of that Church must all have utterly forgotten the
purport of that solemn exhortation delivered by the
bishop to every priest in the Ordination service :--
" Have always, therefore, printed in your re-
membrance how great a treasure is com-
mitted to your charge ; for they are the sheep of
Christ which he bought with his death, and for whom he
shed his blood. The Church and congregation whom
you must serve is his spouse and his body ; and if it
shall happen the same Church, or any member
thereof, to take any hurt or hindrance by reason of
your negligence, ye know the greatness of the fault,
and also the horrible punishment that will ensue.
Wherefore consider with yourselves the end of your
ministry towards the children of God, towards the
spouse and bidy of Christ, and see that you never
cease your labour, your care, and diligence, until you
have done all that lieth in you, according to your
bounden duty, to bring all such as are, or shall be,
committed to your charge unto that agreement in the
faith and knowledge of God, and to that ripeness and
perfectness of age in Christ, that there be no place
left among you either for error in religion or vicious-
ness of life."

Having these awful words printed in their remem-
brance, few parochial clergymen would dare to disre-
gard them, and, for the sake of personal ease and
worldly favour with the principal families of their
several parishes, to leave the great majority of their
flock untended and untaught to wander at their will.
Alas! these words, and the sacred vows which as-
sented to their charge, and sealed their obligation, are
now apparently alike forgotten. The minister's at-
tentions are almost exclusively devoted to the local
great ones and their dependents, and the hindrance,
wilfully cast in the way of the poor, by the disuse of
services in their native tongue, the spiritual hurt thus
done to thousands individually, and the aggregate
amount of injury resulting to the community is little
dreamed of. " The greatness of the fault" is aggra-
vated, too, by the previous warning, and such minis-
ters are incurring a tenfold degree of guilt by that
very frequency and familiarity which help to blind
their minds in its commission. They have manifestly,
left a wide expanse among them, both for " error in re-
legion" and for " viciousness of lite" ; and, had not
sectarian volunteers filled up the gaping breach, the
Principality would probably lie even now at the
mercy cf superstition, ignorance, and infamy. As
the most intense darkness precedes the dawn of
morning, and the weariness of the week's last
night ushers in the cheerful Sabbath, so, the
students of Church History have often remarked,
are the periods of the greatest gloom followed
by religion's most glorious revivals. It may,
therefore be hoped that the piety and zeal of the
Established Church in Wales being now well nigh
extinct, will soon receive, through the true and faith-
ful ministers which yet remain to her, fresh commu-
nications of that ce'estial fire which can alone restore
her to her proper use and glory as the spiritual Light
of Wales.

The case made out by " Giraldus" to prove the
imperative necessity for re-modelling and reforming
the ecclesiastical administration of the Welsh Church
is incontestably very strong. The shame of such an
exposure may, perchance, awaken some of the guilty
from the slumber of inconsideration to a sense of their
duty, and prompt, at least, the local palliation of
abuses, which can bo fully remedied only by that
Government authority which gave their first unhal-
lowed impulse, and sanctions their disastrous con-
tinuance.

Intending to address you again in a few days,
I am, Sir, your=, &e.,
GORBUNIAN.

A SHORT WEATHER, TABLE FOR THE
BOROUGH OF BRADFORD, YORKSHIRE.
(FROM ♦ CORRESPONDENT.)
Jan. 15. Showers of sleet or snow, with wind.
16, 17, 18. Dull, with showers of sleet or snow,
and intervals of frost.
19, 20, 21, 22. Keen frost.
23, 24. Showers of rain or sleet.
25. Showers of sleet, with intervals of frost.
26, 27. Keen frost, with :now.
28, 29, 30. Dull, with showers of sleet or snow,
and intervals of frost.
31. Dull, with slight frost.
Feb. 1, 2. Frosty, with snow.
3,4, 5, 6. Showers.
azl:l79:;B4lHl2phE:t MI
111:
;se
ItNsly:
4y.
O,L, slightflowssNi.ntphosowhNo wle7jrtas::
3h,
withodwluselihsw;.,
Ind
sdutihi
anradinhasznyd;
19th, dull and dirty.--ED. sun.]
91160 tic titW,;

A MEETING TO DISCUSS THE PRINCIPLES Or PAO-
TECTION AND FREE TRADP.—If we are to judge by the
r( ports of the meetings TRoiv being held in different
parts of t::e country, the kind of protection most needed
ut these assemblies is the etion tf the police, or
self-protection of a decitlkd charect(r. That the Prc-
tectionists and Free-traders are determined on making
tight for their respective came, is quite evident. If
the quea'on is t ) be fought out, the better way would
be for a champion on each site to take up and put on
the gloves, so that, after a fair contest, the combatants
might remsin Land and glove on friendly terms for the
future.—Punch.

[ADVERTISEMENT.I—A Bad Leg of a very dan-
gerous nature cured by Holloway's Ointment and Pills.—Mrs.
Poole. of No. 2, Mermaid-court, Borough, had suffered for a
very long psriod with a dreadful sore leg, which baffled the
skill of many of the most eminent surgeons in private practice,
as well as in the hospitals and dispensaries, under whose treat-
ment she had been, none of whom, after repeated trials, could
effect the least good. The use of Holloway's Ointment and
Pills alone has been the means of curing this extraordinary bad
leg, to the wonder and astonishment of all who have seen it, as
Airs. Poole is a person far advanced in years.—Sold by 411
Druggists and at Professor Holloway's Litablislunept, 244,
Stand, London.