The Sun.
London, England, 1868-11-05 00:00:00

LONDON, 711URSDAY, NOV. 5, 1868.

Again the Republicans in the United States have
triumphed over the Democrats. As the Eighteenth
President of the United States, General ULYSSES
GRANT was elected yesterday by a sweeping majo-
rity. The foremost soldier of the Northern Armies,
the chivalrous conqueror of the heroic LEE, has been
-wisely selected by the vast majority of the people of
the United States as the successor to ANDREW JOHN-
SON, who attained his supreme position as PRESIDENT
simply by mischance, namely, by the fact of his being
Vice-President at the time of ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S
assassination. The Democratic candidate, Mr. SET-
mo uß,was selected indiscreetly as the antagonist of Gen.
GRANT. But, even if the Democrats had chosen the
fittest man that could well have been named in lieu
of Mr. SEYMOUR, that fittest man, we may feel now
reasonably assured, would never have successfully
withstood the dominant popularity of America's first
Generalissimo, the victor of 1865, the triumphant
Commander of the Northern Forces, into the bands
of whose troops General LEE delivered himself
up on the 9th of April, in that last natned
year (1865), at the Court House of Appomatox.
As to the two great contending political parties in
one or other of which most of the smaller political
parties became 'absorbed during the presidential
electioneering agitation of 1856, they have long since
lost very much indeed of their original significance.
Negro Slavery having now, thanks be to GOD, disap-
peared altogether from the United States as a re-
cognised and legalised institution—the Democrats no
longer signify as they did orig'nally those advocating
the views of the pro-slavery party of the Southern
States—any more than the Republicans mean as they
did formerly the Northera Abolitionists. So regarde I
the words are as obsolete now throughout the United
States as Free Traders and Protactionists are obso-
lete throughout the United Kingdom. But in ano-
ther sense they possess a far more distinctive signi-
ficance throughout the Unite 1 Stags of America,
than is implied at this tn3ment, here in Eng:and, by
the two Great contending parties of the so-called
Liberals and the so-called Conservatives. Gen. GRANT,
the chosen champion of the Republicans is not
in any way a partizan Leader. His extraordinary
reticence leaves him at the moment of his assuming
the supreme position as PRESIDENT wholly and abso-
lutely uncommitted. His antecedents are altogether

in his favour, and this almost as much with the
Democrats as with the Republicans. As the greatest
soldier of the North, he conducted the Federals
to victory, it is true, to crushing and de-
cisive victory, over the Confederates. But, to the
very last, he showed himself to he a noble foe in his
whole conduct towards the vanquished South. And
the triumphs won by him, overwhelming as they were,
have left no heartburnings behind them—have left
only, in his regard, the cherished remembrance that in
ULYSSES GRANT, ROBERT LEE found " a foeman
worthy of his steel," and one by whom LEE'S
resplendent qualities as a General in the
field were, to the full appreciated. Once
the war was fairly over, the glory won by the
opposing armies became the common property of the
re-United States. And nowhere, as we conceive, is
the fair, unsullied fame of STONEWALL JACKSON, for
example, regarded with higher admiration than
throughout those very States in the North which sent
forth the most eagerly their serried hos►.s against him
to cross swords with the great Confederate General's
Ironsides upon many a field now of historical re-
nown. As the Northern States can, and do now look
back with the highest admiration upon the strategical
achievements of General LEE, as the Commander-
in-Chief of the Confederates, for long successful,
but eventually conquered—so now may and will
the Southern States (what though they were fated
to be brought into subjection through his instrumen-
tality) regard, without one moment's sense of
chagrin, certainly without one moment's conscious-
ness of anything like self-abasement, the glory and
honour -won to himself, by General GRANT in his
capacity as LEE'S successful antagonist.
It was immediately upon the occasion of one of the
last grand triumphs of the Republicans as a political
body—upon the occasions, amely, of the election of
theircandidate, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, on the 4th Nove-
mber, 1860, to the President's chair—that there followed
thatsecession of eleven slaveholding States in the South,
which brought about with such deadly rapidity the
great Civil War which raged from 1861 to 1865 upon
a scale of such colossal magnitude. As a conse-
quence of that very war, however, a war so far
beneficent in its results that it accomplished the
Abolition of Slavery throughout all those free States ,
of North America, there is no room now to dread
any evil whatever as likely in any way to arise from
this new triumph won by the Republicans over the
Democrats. There is, in truth, a particular signifi-
cance in the fact that upon the occasion of this last
contest between the Democrats and the Republicans,
this contest which was brought to a conclusion only
as recently as yesterday, the latter, that is the Re-
publicans, felt in no way constrained, as they did in
1860, to form themselvesinto "Wide-awake Clubs" for
purely electioneering purposes, or, in other words, to
ensure as effectually as possible the triumph of their
chosen candidate. Tue result now has not belied
the confident anticipations felt all along in regard
to General GRANT'S candidature by the great mass of
the Republicans.
Newly informed as we have but just been here in
England—in the twinkling of an eye through that
wonderful submarine cable trailed along the bed of
the Atlantic—that in one day's time the candidates
have been proposed, and that Gen. GRANT has been
elected President, with Mr. S. COLFAX as his Vice-
President—we read certainly without surprise, but
certainly with no inconsiderable amazement the com-
ment which is made to-day in the following words in
reference to that extraordinary fact by the chief of
our contemporaries :—" It is a wonderful result of
science and social organisation," says the Times," that
the opinions of an immense population should be
taken in a single day over a territory as large as all
Europe, and that in less than 24 hours after the
close of the polls the issue of the contest, with the
approximate number of votes given in each State,
should be known in the capitals of the Old World."
Our contemporary adding," Such a triumph of civili-
sation is more impressive than the event which is thus
recorded, and it causes us to rem-mber how inde-
pendent of political action are the forces which most
impel the human race in the path of progress."
The secret of all this being—what? Why that
the political miracle has been accomplished by
means and through the agency of the BALLOT BOX !
It is the same in France under an Imperial Auto-
cracy, as yondzr in America under a Confederated
Democracy. No brawling, no drunkenness, no broken
heads, no brickbats, no rotten eggs, foul words, bru-
tality, wrangling, and all uncharitableness, but—
calmly, silently, rapidly, with the utmost
precision, the whole electoral body, mind,
heart, head, acting like a piece of won-
derfully elaborated but exquisitely adjusted
machinery—the Candidates are proposed and the
Elections are accomplished. It is by means of the
Ballot box, and by means of the Ballot box alone
that " the opinions of an immense population" are
thus " taken in a single day over a territory as large
as all Europe." And this without any one among
the candidates, whether chosen or rejected,
being directly or indirectly one farthing,
one cent the poorer—without any need for
the public-houses being opened for the free
and independent electors to liquor up at the bar
ad libitum, at anybody else's expense but their own.
As to the transmission of the news of the result
within so brief an interval afterwards, to all the
capitals of the Old World—that miracle, of course,
is discernably the world's, through the Electric
Telegraph. That is the triumph of Science !
But the triumph of Civilization to which our con-
temporary refers in the same breath, is as undeniably
traceable to the benign agency of the Ballot Bo x
The fact is worthy of recalling thus vividly to mind
now that we are upon the eve, here in England, of
our own General Election of members to the Com-
mons House of Parliament.

A couNTßYrarelyknows its greatest man. England,
we suspect, does not know the Vicar of Darlington,
and yet this gentleman—his name is JOHN
GARENCIERES PEARSON—ought to be known. He
has just made a notable discovery; he has dis-
covered a race of men possessed of all the virtues
and none of the vices ; a race which,
if a jealous Legislature would only give
it fair play, would regenerate this great empire,
and banish poverty and disease and sin from between
the four seas, This race is one with which we
thought that we were all tolerably familiar. We ought
to know it. It stands, like Wisdom, at the corners of the
streets ; like Innocence, it roves the light, especially
gaslight ; and (we have Mr. PEARSON'S word for it) it
is the very pattern of devotion and charity, always
first in church, always first in almsgiving. This race
is that of the licensed victuallers. " There are," says
Mr. PEARSON, " in her Majesty's dominions no
better friends to order and good govern nent than
the licensed victuallers of this country. " There are
no persons more regular attendants at their parish
church." " The first man in his pew is the village
publican." " No men are more anxious for a proper
restriction than the licensed victuallers th emselves."
Then, too, was it not a BUXTON (TRUMAN, ITIANBURY,
BUXTON, and Co.'s Entire) which helped to abolish
slavery ? Was it not a GUINNESS (G UINNESS'S
Stout) which rebuilt St. Patrick's Cathedral ?
Was it not a FELIX BOOTH (800 TH'S Gin)
which promoted discoveries in the Arctic
regions ? Why, then, attack the li .quor traffic ?
What more would you have ? The ti me is coming
when the Established Church will bee assailed, and
then the aid of these much-malignedl mien will be

needed to uphold the sacred ark to the cry of Church
and Queen, and the Crown and Anchor.

We confess that we find it difficult to resist Mr.
PEARSON'S eloquence. When one has gone on all
one's life holding a certain set of opinions about—not
abstract questions, upon which there is room for
difference—but visible facts, and when one finds that
those opinions are shared by everybody else, it is
rather astounding to be told one fine morning that
we have all been mistaken, that the facts are quite the
other way. Our judges have said that nine-tenths
of the crime, our philanthropists have assured us that
the great proportion of the poverty, our men of
science have given us statistics to shew that by far
the greater number of cases of insanity—owe their
origin to this `• much-abused liquor traffic." Mr.
PEARSON tells us that this is all nonsense. Judges,
philanthropists, scientists, are all mistaken,
for the publican is first in his pew in
Darlington Church, and Sir FELIX BOOTH gave
a portion of his enormous fortune (made out of gin)
in finding out what the North Pole was like. And
yet—and yet we cannot help striking in our minds
a debtor and creditor account against the publican
and Sir FELIX BOOTH. The publican goes to church
early ; very commendable of him, no doubt ; but
how many persons does he keep away from
church altogether ? Sir FELIX BOOTH was inte-
rested in the North Pole ; but supposing that
he had been interested in the London alleys where
his gin was sold. Sir FOWELL BUXTON was associated
with WILBERFORCE in freeing the African slaves;
but how many English slaves did he bring into a far
worse bondage, a bondage that bound soul as well as
body, that destroyed as well as fettered ? Sir BENJA-
MIN GUINNESS restored a cathedral ; but how many
homes did he destroy ? Where did the money come
from which was spent in exploring the Arctic regions
and beautifying St. Patrick's ? Out of the pocket
of the bruised and battered wife, out of the pockets
of the starving and wailing children, whose husband
and whose father had spent it in buying Dublin
stout and BOOTH'S gin. Mr. PEARSON tells us that
the licensed victuallers look after their poor and
build asylums for them. But what becomes
of the poor whom they have pauperised
their poor, inasmuch as they are responsible
for the poverty ? We know well enough—we who
have to pay enormous poor rates, who have to pay
for the administration of justice, who have to provide
asylums for the victims whose .brains have been
sodden by drink. The " much-abused liquor trade"
has done all this. The liquor traders, Mr. PEARSON
tells us, are the first to welcome stringent legislation.
That is the most satisfactory portion of his speech,
for their cheerfulness will, before many years are past,
be put to the test by legislation yet more stringent.

LATEST INTELL RE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
SWITZERLAIND•
BERNE, Nov. 2.

The reason why Switzerland has not yet acknow-
ledged the Provisional Government of Spain is
attributable to the delay of the communication of
the Spanish Circular Despatch of the 19th October,
which was only presented to the Federal Council
by the Spanish Charge d'Affaires on the 30th ult.
So soon as the despatch above mentioned was com-
municated to the Federal Council they hastened
not only to acknowledge the provisional Govern-
ment, but also the definitive form of government
which should hereafter be adopted by the Spanish
people.

The reply relating thereto was thus :
" The country of Switzerland, whose institutions
are based upon the will of the people, acknowledges,
as a matter of course, an equal right in all other
nations, to form their Governments on the
same footing. Spain, constituted anew, upon
the basis mentioned in the Circular of
the Provisional Government of the 19th ult.,
may rely in advance upon being recognized
by Switzerland. In the meantime the Federal
Council will at once enter into diplomatic relations
with the Provisional Government, and this with
the greater readiness since the Federal Council
regards the Provisional Government as the true
expression of the country--added to which the
principles of religious liberty proclaimed in the
despatch not only ensure to Spain the esteem of the
civilized world, but also the means adopted for the
completion of the revolution are proof of her great
moderation and skill."

OUTWARD BOMBAY MAIL.
BOMBAY, Nov. 5.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Ripon, from Southampton, 24th October, arrived
on the 3d November at eight p.m., and left at
midnight for Alexandria.
BOMBAY (HEAVY) MAIL.

The Massilia left at noon to-day for SouthamF-
ton, where she may be looked for about the 14th

instant.

FRANCE.
BOURSE, Nov. 4.—Three o'clock.—The market
closed as follows :-
4i per Cent.
End of month -
3 per Cent
End of month 7O 97i
Credit Mobilier 307 50
End of month 315
Credit Foncior 1485
End of month —

Bank Sharos 3lOO
Ital!an Loan —
End of month —
Mexican Loan 23i
Do. Bonds
Spanish Threes
Homo Debt 32
Deferred
8. Cash
Orleans
Northern 3196i
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern..... Wit
Western

EAILWA'

.• --- _
Eastern ............ .. 578
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard 4211
..

-----
North of Spain B5
Saragossa
Roman 44f