The Sun.
London, England, 1857-10-14 00:00:00

ROYAL MIER% HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road.
—The AID of the benevolent is earnestly selleitsd.
John Masterman, Esq., Nicholas-lane, is Treasurer, by whom
donations will be thankfully received : also by the following bankers:
- Messrs. Coutts and Co. ; Drummond and Co.; Berries and. Co.
Ransom and Co.; Prescott, Grote, and Co.;• Smyth. Payne, and Co.:
Glyn and Co.; Jones Loyd and Co. ; Barclay and Co. ; Denison and'
Co. ; Williams, Deacon, and Co.; Orerend, Gurney, and Co. ; Mae-
terman and Co.; by Messrs. Nisbet and Co., Berners-street ; and at
he Hospital from Ten till Five.

By order, S. S. SMITH, Secretary.

NO MORE PILLS NOR ANY °TITER MEDICINE
CURES (s ithout Physic) of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Constipation,
Flatulent y, Phlegm, all Nervous, Bilious, and Liver Complaints,
hysteria, Neuralgia, Dysentry, Diarrhoea, Acidity, Palpitation,
neartbiltur Headache. Debility, Despondency, Cramps, Soasms,
Nausea, tad Sickness (during pregnancy or at 83a), Sinking Fits,
Cough, Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption, also Children's Com-
plaints ala effected by

i
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feres with a good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish for lunch
and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion, and nervous and
muscular energy to the most enfeebled.
We extract a few out of the many thousand expressions of grati-
tude from invalids:—Cure N 0.71, of dyspepsia, from the Right lion.
the Lord Shutt de Decies " I have derived considerable benefit
from Du Ilarry'r Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to
yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines.
Stuart de Decies."— Curz. No. 49,832. " Fifty 'years' indescribable
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Cur• No. 48,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liver-
: a cure.): ten yett's dyspepsia, and the horrors of nervous irrita-
bility.and debility. cure No.
Cure No. 18,216. Dr. Andrew Ure of constipation, dyspep-
p
sta nee,.
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Cure No. 42.116 Major '
vey of dlarrin;aand dailY
36 212. Captain Allan of epileptic fits.
prostrationspat
sstrength. Cure No. 36,418. Rev. Dr. Minster of
Edie of enlargement of the liver and total
cram
vomitings, Cure. No. 26,418. Dr. liar-
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Cure
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~lngs. spitting of blood, liver derangement,
No.c 4 0414. Mr. Samuel Laxton, Leicester,
Of two years' diarrhoea.
of
many
yeuare.No. 52,612. The Dowager Countess
No. 54,812. t;lsusnervous irratibility, bile, and Ann-
a Castleatuart,
gestion. Cure
gumption, after her medical adtv*Virginia Zeguers, cured of con-
recovery. Cure No, 180. ••
Tweinstcyrs.nhad abandoned all hopes of
stipatioa, indigestion, and debility, from" Years' nervousness, con-
misery, and which no medicine could which T have suffered great
remove or reliP '
effectually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very - -ve• tune li,vo
Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London." No.
4,20 sh,ort time. W. R.
pepsa, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spas% is: Ealeilt years' dis-
which my servant had consulted the advice of nausea,i for
man
eilectually cured by Du Barry's health restoring sow
y. limo been
answer any inquiries. Rev. John Flavell, Ilidlinotscr int be
happy to
" neck 2 836. " Three yea' excessiv '' - --ec-
tory, Norfolk. e nervousness,
with pains ' leftarm, andgeneral
in my and debility, which
miserable,ten-
deredhas been radically removed derAd my life very
Alex.
Barry'shealth restoring Food. Stuart.., Archdeacon of Rots,
Skibbereen." Care No.
3,906. " Thirteen years' cough, indigestion,-
and general debility have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
Revalenta A rabica Food. James Porter, Athol-street Perth.
Important Caution against the fearful dangers of spurious Imita
tations:— rage Wood granted an Injunc
The Vice-Chancellor Sir William
tion on the 10th March, 1854, against Alf Hooper Neville, lot
ood.„
Imitating "Du Barry's Revalenta Arabi ca F
with full instructions. I:
Suitably pauted for all-climates, andisw _ _
ns.
The 121 b car
. ,canisters, llb 2s Od ; 21b 4s 6d ; 51b 1 , 1,21 b
Barry Du BarrY an(
• riage free, on receipt of Post-offtee order.
6n and Co.. PUT'
Co:: 77, Regent-street, London; Fortnum, Mils ,
also at 60, (lracecbqcb
veyors to her .Majesty, M. Fice.4lll9 . ,
1 9 Bishopsgate•
street 330,430, and 451, Strand ; 4, C4eapstde. I ,
Street, and 150, and 158 Oxford-street.

SECOND DAY. •
This morning, at 11, the inaugural, addresses of the
five presidents of departments were delivered in the
Town-ball before the whole of the members and their
friends; This course was adopted in preference to at
once splitting up the meeting into sections, as it was
thought that many persons might wish to hear all the
presidential speeches who would otherwise be prevented
by that infirmity which forbids even the votaries of social
science from being in five places at once.
JUEISPBUDENCE AND AMENDMENT OF THE LAW.
Lord J. RUSSELL, President of this association, who
was received very warmly, addressed the association,
arid said that he would endeavour to point out in what
way the section might practically be of use. A learned
gentleman, who was formerly Attorney-General for Ir -
land, Mr. Napier, whom he regretted he did not see
there, had urged very strongly upon the House of Com-
mons the propriety of appointing a Minister of Justice.
It heel always appeared to him (Lord J. Russell) that be
was right iu his opinions ; and the house agreed with
bim not only that he was right in his general opinion,
but that it was a measure of argent administrative re-
°rear' The object, however, had not been accomplished,
although he (Lord J. Russell) bad been informed by the
Attoeney-General that it was under consideration, and
that ()lane for the purpose had been prepared.' Now, it
appeared to.him that the person appointed Minister of
Justioa ought to be a member of the House of Com-
mons! They had in the House of Lords the Lord Chan-
cellor., who was a minister of justice, although his time
was occupied in other duties ; but they Were much in
.want, in, the House of Commons, of sepereon with those
functions, and who would bring in-a ,fitting way be-
fore the house amendments of the law. He -would pro-
ceed to mention some of those subjects which a minister
of justice might propose amendments upon,. and which,
if he were properly appointed.•he might by his influence d
successfully carry through Parliament. Lord Brougham,
in addrels on the previous night, suggested that the
county courts should, have power to deal with certain
cased of equity. He (Lord John) entirely concurred in
that. opinion ; but be thought that some person—and
tire Minister of Justice ought to be the person—should
see teat the courts were properly constituted' for the
purpose. When they had a discussion last section upon
the Divorce Bill, it was suggested that the, matter might
be dealt With in the county courts. It was objected that
the Countycourts having been instituted for the recovery
of small debts, there was such a noise and confusion
that they would be unequal to the discussion of subjects
of 'ltch grave importance. Now, if that were the ease,'
and the country wished that they should have local
courts to deal with more important subjects than small
debt*, it ought to be the functoe of some minister to
see to it. (Hear, hear.) In Scotland they had an ad-
mirable system or local justice, easier to envy than to
imitate, for be doubted whether it would be applicable
to this country. In Ireland there were barristers ap-
pointed to administer justice in the provinces, who gave
the-greatest satisfaction. Now it ought to be the func-
tion of the minister to see that England was not more
deficient in the administraion of justice than either
Scotland or Ireland. And when these courts were
properly constituted a vast deal of the legal business
of the country might there be transacted. He had
always looked-with distrust upon those who said that
justice should'not be obtained except at some consider-
able price, as there would, be a fury for litigation.
His answer was that they did not curb the spirit of
litigation in the rich by making law dear, wane they
not only .quelled the spirit of litigation, but chilled the
hope .ofjustice in the poor. (Hear, liear.) The argument
formaking justice dear, while logically false, was praeti-
'cally a great grievance on the subject. Then, passing to
another point, occurred the question as to what should
be the province of legislation. -Upon this subject the
opinion of the world bad in course of time greatly
changed. There was a time when personal freedom was
restrained by a number of petty rules and regulations.
At 'another time the operations of industry were con-
trolled in the same way. A very eminent manufacturer
of 'France, Colbert, thought he would promote his
country's wealth by regulating the manner in which silk
should be made—the length and breadth of the pieces—
and every workman who made them otherwise was put
in the pillory for the offence. At the same time, by way
of encouraging the silk manufacture, he prevented the
competition of the Dutch in many articles. The conse-
quence was that the wines of France were no lenger sent
to 'Holland, and the people of all the wine countries were
almost reduced to mill by, th,ese commercial regulations,
by which the wealth of France was to be augmented. It
was at that time that an old merchant, wiser than Colbert,
said, " Let them manufacture as they please, and intro-
duce goods when they can." The advice was set aside
ft.i it time, and he was sorry to say that in England, as
in France, the opininn prevailed that they must make a
country rich by legislation. It was not until late times
that men in this country, and the minority iu other parts
of Europe, came to the conclusion that it was wise to
allow every man to make himself rich in his own way.
He recollected well when it was said, in answer to Mr.
Huskisson, "You must not allow French gloves to come
into the country,, because they are better and cheaper."
Huskisson persevered, however, and the result was, not
only that the consumer had better and cheaper gloves,
brit that our manufactures bad increased more titan they.
did at any other time. There was another operation in
which legislation did not formerly-take place, but of which
in late years there had been a tendency to inteifere. Not
that he was inclined to find fault with that interference,
because he thought what bad been done- had been done
right; but it Was smatter that deserved serious considera-
tion. There was no right more sacred than that parents
should have the care of their offspring in tender years ;
and there was no right more jealously held than that
which is expressed in the phrase, " an Englishman'e
hone is his castle." Of late years, however, it was argued
by his noble friend, Lord Sbaftesbuiy,• that in. certain
,kinds of maniffacture they could not allow parents en-
tirely to. dispose of their children ; that they work they
endured was far too great ; and that it would destroy
their strength and energy, and pievented them receiving
any merel or religious education. It was argued step_ by
step in the Muse of Commons, until it was said that if
they went further they would destroy one-fourth of the
manufacturing interests of the country in textile fabrics;
that was to say, in cotton, wool, and silk. That
legisla-
tion took place, and the industry in textile manufactures
had increased ever since. He had frequently asked what
were the bad effects of the legislation, and found that it
was bad in principle, but in practice it had been emi-
nently successful. If, then, it was good in practice, he
thought there must be an error in the principle, and that
it required modification. It hid been said "an English-
man s house is his castle ;" but Lord Shafte,bury argued,
and he (Lord J. Russell) thought truly, that he was not
to shoot poisoned arrows into the community from its
battlements. (Hear) Legislation also followed in this
case nut only with lodging-houses, but with regard to
crowded dwellings in cities, and in London, as much as
in any other, there had been instances of great crowding
in small narrow compass, producing injury to the health,
morals, and religion of the community. Now that was a
subject in which it might be considered how far legis-
lation might interefers. He did not wish to detain them
long in thaf place ; but there were questions that re-
quired investigation, and in 'which great amendments
might take place. Among these was the question
whether it was necessary to continue the practice of
sending persons who came for redress to the courts of
justice from one court t s another, thereby greatly in-
creasing the expense. (Hear.) Sir F. Kelly had shown
him the immense expense, of the Probate and Testamen-
tary Courts in a particular case. Much amendment
bad no doubt taken place in the courts ; but ho did not
think that any judge should have the power of bandy-
ing persons from court to court. They knew that when
Erskine was told by the judge that he must take his
client to the Court of Chancery, he said he hoped his
lordship was not quite so inhuman as to send a fellow
there. (Laughter.) Then there were commercial ques-
tions that required much investigation. He thought the
section was bound to consider tliese questions, such as
that relating to bankruptcy, for example There was
also, he believed, a strong opinion now entertained for
considerable improvement in the criminal law. The
materials were ample, and improvement might be begun
in the course of the next year. He did not, at the same
time, think it would be satisfactory that they should
inertly transcribe the enactments of former days ; that
they should perpetuate'their errors, and give it out an a
new Act of Parliament uuder the name of consolidation.
(Hear, bear.) his opinion was that when they consoli-
dated they should amend. There was a hill brought in
at the latter part of last session, in which the punish-
ment of death was ordained for crimes for which no
judge would think of inflicting such a sentence. Now,
what they made law should be executed. If they did
nailing else than consolidate jumbles of Acts of Parlia-
ment, often inconsistent and contradictory, they would
produce a work, as Dryden said—
,
" To stand recorded at his own request,
To future times, a libel and a jest,"

That opened up a subject upon which many men had
employed themselves ; and he thought they must come
to the conclusion that there was so much to be amended
in the laws that the amendment must precede the con-
solidation. They knew there were two great precedent
codes of law. After the Roman republic had discussed
in a fair spirit, and in a spirit of justice, the principles of
law ; after these principles had been embodied for years
in an unwritten law, and then consigned to perpetual
edicts, the Emperor Justinian resolved that there should
lie a code for the empire. That code was read and ad-
mired to the present day. Then there came the enact-
ment of another code, almost in. our own day, that of
the Emperor Napoleon. He was assisted by the greatest
lawyers of France, some extreme royalists, some extreme
republicans, but all willing to assist in the great work
the embody
times i n o
fh
of a perpetual law for their country. He, like Justinian,
theis workold much
htha,
and muchthad been
agreed
thatneither
monarchy,
religion nor morals could approve from the days of the
revolution. These were no doubt great codes. We bad
not the means of enacting by a decree, by the fiat of an
absolute sovereign, the rules of law
and equity ,by which
the country was to be governed ; yet his belief was that

when we had amende I the law, the cols that would then
be produced, slowly worked out, would be of a more per-
fect ki d than any ever produced ; it would be found in
the an ient guarantees of a free nation :the guarantees of
its Jibe, ties founded on a civilisation more complete and
more intelligent than that which,existed in the time of
Justinian or Napoleon. Let us hope, then, that under
might see
the beneficent sway of a beloved Qaeen, we might
see our code of laws improved, and that we
a fabric raised which, although it
mi&ht take a long while
in the raising, would yet be of such au.ordei of architect-
turn, aind of such inat.trials, that it would be an object of
revernpee for other nations of the globe, and fit to with-
stand nll the &motet.; of time.
Thel 111,( 11S1 HG3 MM. nal. lord r.su 1 I►' t 'let loud cheering.
•

EDUCATION. •
Sir ,Joster PARrisimosr, president of this department,
delivered an address on this subject. He: expressed the
great pleasure he felt in acting with men who bad so dis-
tinguired; themselves in promotieg of jests precious to
the pe isle, and especially in taking pert in these proceed-
ings upder the presidencY of that' great end venerable.
man /Lose name for 50 years had been conspicuous for
promoting almost every'plan Which had been brought
-fox-Wale to improve the condition of our fellow-subjects,
and w :1i o
last night afforded a signal proof that the lapse
"of time has had no effect upon the powers of his gigantic
mind. The right hon. gentleman then reviewed the state
of edubation in England, comparing.it with that prevail-
ing oil the Continent and in America, and urged the
propriety of tweeting our d.fficulty in this respect boldly,
instead of etanding at a distance, and magnifying it. He
expre4sed his conviction that all these difficulties were
surmciuntable: After some remarks of a general character
Sir J, Pakington, in conclusion, stated that in his opinion
the Gkereitueet ought to pass a permissive bill fairly to
try an improved school system, arid- he thought they
.ought to grant a careful inquiry into ths.srhole subject.
He lipped their discussions at that patarence- Would be
directed to the points lie had edverted to, and he trusted .
that the result of their deliberations might be to extend
their information, expand the public interest ou that
pressing public question, ainrcosifieelerate the arrival of
that tulle when Parliament would -no longer hesitate to
legislSee in a manner, that would conduce to the perma-
nent !welfare, the honour, and the interest of the country.
- PUBLIC ITEALTII,
Lodr STANLEY, president of the department, premised
that the address he had prepared was intended to.be de-
livereid before the section, consisting of those who, it
might be supposed, were specially interested in the facts
and
hill
of sanitary science. Thin, therefore., must
'be hill apology if he entered into details which before a
gestertal audience might seem Tedious and superfluous.
He observed that having met to discuss the present state
'and future prospects of sanitary science in England, the
first thing fur them to do was to define accurately what
was meant by the term " sanitary science," and he ap-
prehended tbat it meant that science which dealt with
the preservation of health and prevention of disease in
referpnce to the entire community, or to classes within
that community as centradistiuguished from medical
science in the ordinary acceptation of the term, which
,latter study bad fur its aim the restoration of health
when lost, and dealt with the cam' of each individual se-
parately; or to put it in another form he would say that
all physical evils to which human heiugs are liable might
be classed under three heads-1. Teose which, whether
limited to isolated cases or widely diffuse-I were not pre-
ventible beforehand ,by any meanie at present known, and
could only be dealt with remedially when they arose. 2.
Those which affecting individuals only were preventible S
as regarded those individuals, but were not due to any
general or wide-spreading cause.. 3. Those which af-
fected entire districts,or entire classes of men, of which
the cause lay in some known external noxious agency,
. whether connected with occupation
.or locality and which
could therefore be removed altogether by e the removal of
such agency. Of these three classes sanitary science, as
he understood the term (the study of the public health),
dealt not at all with the first, but partially with the
second, and mainly, though not quite exclusively,
confined itself to the third. After observing that the
funda•nental ;liken which sanitarists laid down was that
of epidemic diseases some might be made, by proper ap-
pliances,
to disappear altogether, while those that re- 1
imained would exhibit a milder endless distinctive type;
while a knowledge of physical laws would tend to a
greatly improved state of the. public health in respect to I
diseases not epidemic, he proceededao enforce the neces-
city of a wore general diffusion of knowledge upon these
subjects, and to argue that our dettiny in these /natters I
was very much in our own bands. He then adduced a
variety of facts to prove that sanitary neglect caused
disease, and in order to show how vast a sacrifice of
human life went on unchecked and almost unnoticed,
thou4h plainly within the power of society to abate,-,he
instanced the case of the British army ; not of regiments
employed in foreign service- or quartered- in unhealthy
climates, but the case of troops at home under the direct
control of the Executive. Taking the deaths which
occurred among pen withih the ages of military service
we had a yearly average of civilians resident in towns of
11..9 per 1,000; while for the vane ages among soldiers
of the Line there was an average of 17.8 per 1,000 ; and
among the Guards of 20 4 per 1,000. 11e need not stop
to' iequire to what ex out deficient ventilation, intempe-
rate habi:s, or such causes contributed to this result ;
but he proceeded to statistics to show how far mortality
levied according to the salubrity or insalubrity of the
district inhabited, Taking the sauna ages—namely, 20 to
35—we had an average of deaths per 1,000 as follows
Io the least healthy urban districts, iu the whole
population of Eugland and Walea, 9.2 ; in the rural
population exclusively, 7.7. From a popular summary of
facts which had been drawn up by the Manchester sani-
tary Association, comparing deaths from
.pestilence
with deaths from war, he Sound that during
the Revolutionary war, in 22 year, from 1793 to 1815,
there were killed 19,800 men, while in tbe single year
1818-49 there died of cholera and other epidemics 72,180.
In theie -22 years of war the wounded were 79,700, while
in the one year of cholera, those attacked were 144,860.
The tame authority added that *the annual average of
deaths in England and Waled due to preventible causes
might be estimated at 115,000. The noble lord proceeded
to trace .with great minuteness of detail the various
ceases of disease, showing at the same time how one
breach of the natural law led to another. He touched
upon the law of density or aggregation and the law of
altitude as affecting disease, and upon, the industrial .
pethol gy of trades,contendirig that the remedy was very
ranch in the hands of individuals ratherthan in those of
the GOvernment. . He showed,the necessity for remedial__
measures generally, but he urged that legislation was
useless unless it wet with the support of public opinion.
Enlarging upon the importance of enforc44 proper regu-
lations for the management of lodging-bouses, he recom-
mended the construction of model dwellings, contending
that that they ought to be remunerative t, those who
erected them. Its then advanced to the sewage ques-
tion, with respect to which he said so much of late years
had been spoken, and so little,, comparatively speaking,
dole. It was better,. however, of two evils to do nothing,
than to do that whicit would have to be spin undone,
It seemed to him that any plans for improving our sew-
age system were very imperfect until we had ascertained
what to do with the sewage when collected. That was a
question which had not yet been satisfactorily solved.
Mr. Austin in his able report lest year, gave the results
of various experiments which had been tried inehis direc-
tion, of which it might be said that several appeared pro-
mising, but that none had so decidedly succeeded as to
justify its general adoption. It was clear,
however,
that neither the law nor public convenience nor public
health would allow the poisoning of rivers and brooks,
such as was now becoming common wherever in a large
or moderate sized town a complete eystem of drainage
was established. Deodorisation by some means bad be-
come a necessity.
If it could he combined with agricul-
tural utility so much the better ; but this at least watt
~
certain, that whether the pros, as paid or not, every leo
l
board of health, or other governing body, ought to be just
as much bound to purity its sewage as to remove it.
(Rear.) No' person and no community bad the right
merely to transter a nuisance to their neighbour'. (Cheers).
It was probable that in every case, by the payment of no
very large suns private speculators might be induced to
undertake the rolls of deodorisatiun, and if this should
be so, and if the experiments now going on in various
places should be even moders•sly successful, we should
probably find some e, this better to do with the metropo-
litan
drainage than to carry it into the sea at a cost of
many millions without the prospect of the slightest re-
turn. (Hear.) Although
great good bad already beau
done by calling the notice of local bodies to nuisai cea
within their jurisdiction,
the further lesson remained to be
taught that it was not enough to send those nuisances to a
distance, and that the public was only benefited when they
were put au end to altogether. The noble lord then touched
upon questions affecting the sale of poisons, adulteration,
compulsory vaccination, State medicine and medical re-
lief, and c,,ncluded a most able address, full of interesting
deductions from the statistics with which it abounded, in
the following terms :
There are other topics on which I
wished to touch. I regret to leave unnoticed the legis-
lation of successive Parliaments in regard to the Board
of Health, the perpetually repeated conflict between
central and local authority, the struggles, failures, and
successes of the last few years—but time would fail.
Brevity on such questions could not bill, lead to ruis-
underetanding, fulness of treatment would be impossible;
and to those whom I see around use I already owe a
double apology, for, while lamenting the length to which
these remarks of mine have extended, I lament still more
tbat, compelled to touch as it were on the surface of
many topics, I have been unable both front limited space
and limited knowledge to do justice to any one. Only
take with you this last word. D:y and unattractive as
sanitary studies may appear, they belong to the patriot
no less thing the philanthropist ; they touch very nearly
the future prosperity and the national greatness of Eng•
land. (Hear.) Don't fancy that the mischief done by
disease speeding through the community y Is to be men,
sured by the number of deaths which ensue. That is the
least part of the result. As in a battle, the killed bear
but a small proportion to the wounded. It is not merely
by the crowded hospitals, the frequent funerals, the des-
titution of families, or the increased pressure of public
burdens, that you may test the suffering of a nation over
which sickness has passed. The real and lasting injury
lies in the deterioration of race, in the seeds of disease
transmitted to future generations, in the degeneracy and
decay which are never detected till the evilis irreparable,
and of which, even then, the cause remains often undis-
covered; It-concerns us if the work of England he that
of colonisation and of dominion abroad, U wild hordes