The Sun.
London, England, 1857-12-26 00:00:00

TEE MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS.

There is little or no improvement traceable in
the accounts from the manufacturing districts this
week, and the condition of some of them is even
less satisfactory than it was some weeks ago. At
Birmingham the utmost quietness prevails in
almost every branch of trade. The factors' orders
have been getting smaller for several weeks past,
and during the last few days a very limited number
of orders has been given out. The falling off in
the orders from the agricultural districts has begun
to be now observable, while with the manufac-
turing districts there is scarcely any business doing.
At Bradford several additional failures in the wool
trade have been announced, A large open air meet-
ing of operatives was held at the beginning of the
week, but the opportune attendance and explana-
tions of one or two leading manufacturers had the
effect of pacifying the workpeople present. About
1.000/. bad been subscribed for the purposes of re-

lief, the distribution of whichhas since commenced.
At Belfast there is a considerab:e increase of appli-
cants for parochial relief ; it is computed that inde-
pendently of the muslin weavers between 500 and
600 women and girls obtain assistance in this man-
ner. At Carlisle hundreds of handloom weavers are
reported to be unemployed, and those who occasion-
ally get employment have to submit to further re-
duction in prices. Many of the factory hands are
suffering great privations, and there is a marked
increase in the numbers of women who go from
door to door seeking alms: At Clitheroe the state
of things is rather improving, there being now only
one mill not running full time. At Chorley trade
is said to be on the whole decidedly wors and the
sufferings of the operatives are not exceeded by
those of any other town in the country. At Halifax
matters are still in a very unsatisfactory state, and
only some of the smaller manufacturers have recom-
menced running short time ; but although numbers
of people are unemployed the working population
are better off than those of other districts, and it
has not yet been found necessary to open soup kit-
chens cr adopt special measures of relief. At
Liverpool more failures have occurred, and there is
no improvement whatever in the condition of the
humble classes. At Leicester things are much the
same as they were reported last week. At Man-
chester the applicants for Poor-Law relief aro still
increasing. At Middlesborough, in the Nord'
Riding of Yorkshire, a strong body of miners and
puddlers who have been thrown out of employment
by the contraction of operations iu the iron trade
made a threatening demonstration in front of the
mayor's house, demanding " work or bread," but
the chief magistrate succeeded in dispersing them
fur the time, and on a renewal of the demonstration
a detachment of military were summoned from
York, which effectu tlly prevented any disturbance
At Middleton the distress continues, but the state
of trade appears rather better, for the mills gene-
rally are working fuller hours. At Macclesfield
there is no improvement in the staple trade
beyond a little more employment in one or two
establishments. The number of rations served
out from the soup kitchen is on the increase.
At the north-east ports the shipping is said
to be in a more depressed condition than it has ever
been since the repeal of the corn and navigation
laws. Shipping is generally slack at this period of
the year, but at this season, on account of the low
freights, an immense amount of tonnage is laid up,
and consequently a great number of seamen on
shore ate unemploye-1. The people, however, c.m-
duct themselves with exemplary patience. At Old-
ham the labouring population continued in a very
depressed state, and the applicants for poor relief
weekly increase. At Preston the working hours of
the mills remain about the same as last week, but
a rather more gloomy feeling prevails owing to the
prospect of an extension of the hours of labour ap-
pearing rather more remote. At Padiharn, also,
there is very little alteration in the time of running
the mills. At Rochdale there has been symptoms
of a slight improvement in the cotton trade in the
outskirts of the town. The prtsture on the paro-
chial funds is still, however, on the increase, and in
Wardleworth therm is a larger increase than before.
At Rossendale distress is on the increase, and the
number of applicants for relief greatly augment !el.
At Stafford the staple trace is nut under so much
pressure as those of other places. There is a good
deal of stagnation in business, but this is expected
to be only transient. The colliers on strike in
South Staffordshire came to a resolution on Tues-
day last to return to work on the following day,
being satisfied that the recent reduction of their
wages was owing solely to the reduced price of
iron in the market. The colliers in North Stafford-
shire have not repeated the disturbances of 1 ist
week, which are said to have been instigated by
men from other counties, and appear willing to as-
sent to the reduction of 6d. per day in the wages.
At Sheffield there has been little more employment
at some establishments, owing to its being Christ-
mas week, but for the great majority of workmen
there is no change for the better. The local fail-
ures are unimportant. At Swansea the trade
of the port is increasing. The North Shields'
sailors held a meeting on Wednesday at which they
determined to resist the reduction of their wages
from Si. to V. 10s. per voyage in the London coal
trade, although many of them are already out of
employment, and some suffering severe privations.
The iron trade in Yorkshire continues extremely
depressed, and operations are confined to the nar-
rowest possible limits, only a few establishments
completing large orders are on full time. The coal
trade is materially affected by the stagnation in
manufactures, and the demand, usually good at
this season of the year, has greatly fallen off. No-
tice of a reduction of wages has generally been
given, but the abatement has hitherto been quietly
submitted to.

A letter from Rome of the 19th states that the
Princess Helena of Russia had had an audience of
the Pope on the previous day. She went to the
Vatican with her suite in the state carriages of the
Russian ambassador.
THE VACANCY ON THE IRISH BENCH.—No announce-
ment has yet appeared as to the new judge, and all sorts
of guesses are made on the point. It seems to be
generally believed that Mr. Fitzgerald will accept the
place. The ages of the Irish judges are such that otter
appointments must, in the nature of thiogo, soon claim
attention. Chief Justice Lefroy is 83, Jndge Perrin 82,
Judge Moore a few years less, Mr. Justice Ball is 70,
and Baron Richards over that age. Judge Pennefather,
the oldest of all, has reached 86, and, notwithstanding
his physical infirmities, is one of the clearest intellects
on the bench I
A BANKER COWHIDED BY A LADY IN WISCONSIN.—
A correspondent of the Chicago Tribune, writing from
Janesville, Dec. 5, says :—" On last Tuesday the good
people of Janesville were furnished with a hit of excite-
ment, growing out of the cowhiding of Mr. John P.
Hoyt, a well-known banker of this city, by Mrs. Cla-
rinda A. Andrews, the proprietress of a milinery spore.
In the morning, as Hoyt was passing up West Mil-
waukie-street to his office, Mrs. Andrews saw him from
her store on the opposite aide of the street, arid stizing
a stout cowhide which she bad provided for the purpose,
crossed the street, and the following conversation en-
sued :—Mrs. A. 'ls your name II(yt ?' H. (bowing
politely), 'lt is, madam.' Mrs. A. ' You have acted
the traitor to me and my husband.' And without fur-
ther ado the lady proceeded to administer a severe fla-
gellation, laying her whip over Hoyt's face and shoulders
with an emphasis which was feelingly appreciated by
the recipient. The proceeding of course collected quite
a crowd, and the bystanders interfering, Hoyt escaped
from the clutches of Madame A. A warrant was pro-
cured from the police-court, and the lady brought before
that tribunal to answer a charge of assault and battery.
The sapient dispenser of law in that court fined her 50
dollars and costs, which sum was promptly paid by the
citizens. The cause of the difficulty was alleged sharp
practice with a mortgage and bad faith on the part of
Hoyt."

THE LATE EVAN° !MICA L CONFERENCES
IN B gRLIN.

A Berlin letter, dated Dec. 20, says :—Three
months have now elapsed since the close- of the
Evangelical Conferences in this city, and numerous
events of the liveliest interest to England have
since then occupied public attention. Before, how-
ever, the subject has fallen into oblivion with the
general reader I will venture to claim admission
for the following remarks connected with it, on the
score of its importance to that numerous portion
of your readers, the religious world in England.
The conferences have also soma claims to respect
from the world at large from having been un succes,
from having been what their originators professed
they should be, and from their not having cost
more than the expenses were estimated at in ad-
vance.

To begin with the last point first—viz., the ex-
penses. At the final sitting of the local committee
for the management of the conferences the total
expenses were stated to have been 3,942 th. 15 albg.
(4411. 7s. 6d.), of which the fitting up of the Gar-
rison Kirche amounted to 932 th. The contribu•
tions from all quarters amounted to 3,214 thalers,
of which 1,000 had been contributed by the muni-
cipality of Berlin ; the whole sum, in fact, which
that body had voted was 1,500 ; but, as the
balance of the total expenses was covered by
the 1,000, it was decided by the local committee
not to draw the remaining 500. In the same way
the King's offer of a second pecuniary contribution,
if the expenses should not be covered by the
forthcoming subicriptions, remained unavailed.
No resolution has as yet been come to with regard
to the balance and the proceeds of certain articles
still on band, it being thought advisable to give a
little time for the possible appearance of further
claims on the committee not yet brought in.
The evangelical conferences were what their
originators intended they should be—viz., an as-
sembly of Protestant Christians from all countries ;
for, according to the printed lists, which, however,
do not contain nearly all tb e names of those who took
part in the proceedings, Prussia contributed 876
members, other German States 103, England 166,
Franca 12, Spain 1, Italy 2, Hungary and Bohemia
7, Switzerland 11, Holland 10, Belgium 4, Denmark
and the German Duchies 11, Sweden 2, Russia
12, Turkey 2, and Greece 2. Thus, Europe
altogether sent 1,222, Asia 3, Africa 3, America► 23,
Australia, 3. The total of these printed names
amounts to 1,254, of whom only 689 belonged to the
clerical profession. The only European States of
any consequence that did not contribute any quota
at all to the above number were, naturally enough,
the Papal States, Austria (the Crown lands), Por-
tugal, Naples, and ruscauy. The above figures,
1,254, have, however; no reference at all to the
number of hearers present at the conferences, of
whom no account was kept, but their numbers can
be guessed at, as the Garrison Kirche is capable of
containing 4,000 persons, and during the eight
meetings that were held was on the average two-
thirds full.

The conferences were also un succes, inasmuch as
the object aimed at by the originators was more than
fully attained. Among the results of the confe-
rences may be mentioned the extension of brotherly
love, sympathy, and co-operation among the Pro-
testants of different churches, the attainment of
distinct information on statistical and other points,
the knowlepge of successful or defective institutions
within the church, the publication of hardships, re-
quiring alleviation, the promotion of truth and tole.
ration by the intercommonication of views and con-
victions by men desirous of concurring in unity
rather than of seeking divergence and disunion, &c.
Though the conferences may have been a long way
off what many simple-hear, ed aq pious persons,
particularly Germans, took theta to be—viz., the
dawn of a Christian millennium, the commence-
ment of a new era of fraternity, toleration, and
love throughout the pale of Protestant Christen-
dom, the foundation-laying of a new church to St.
John, as already there are churches-in the spir tof
St. Peter and St. Paul ; though they may have been
none of those, they were nevertheless really confer-
ences of Christians, and they impressed all who
attended them with a conviction that the promoters
and participators in them were in earnest and
sincere, and were taking the right road to attain
their ends. Further it may be stated that these
conferences, held as th-y have been under the
open patronage and undisguised favour of a king,
in a large and imposing building, freed from the
trammels of bureaucratic control and police surveil-
lance, have become a religio-political Power which
has been more or less recognised in its working
and efficiency by foreign States. Not only did
foreign religious bodies depute some of their mem-
bers to be present for the sake of communicating
their own wan -s or collecting information, but also
churches and Governments sent petsons thither
to " watch the proceedings" and propagate their
views. Thus the Danish Government, for in-
stance, found itself induced to commission a most
able man, the probst (rector) of Ton dern, t 3 attend
the c •nference,s and vindicate the course it has
taken in Schleswig, in depriving so many German
ministers, professors, and schoolmasters of their
pow s among a population that spe iks only German.
(Out of causiaeration for the King of Piussia and
his Government, thisand every other subject, such
as the position of the Protestants in the AuFtii +n
dominions, that could possibly have a political
tendency imputed to it were treated in com-
mittees apart from every public sitting of the
conferences.) The opportunity of so many
men of d;fferent nations and languages meet-
ing together for a common object was, more Jver,
duly turned to account to organise for future activity
a network of committees for the various portions of
Protes'aut Christendom, with appropriate agents
for the acquisition of correct information on subjects
connected with religion. How sadly deficient Eng-
land has hitherto been in correct views of foreign
matters may be seen in these two instances. fee
Evangelical Alliance some time back forwarded to
the Assembly of the Scandinavian Churches a repre-
sentation of grievances based on a totally groundless
foundation, and accordingly received a most un-
answerable refutation of its statements. It has now
sent an agent into Schleswig to inquire into the
truth of the matters complained of and their
causes, and has arrived at the truth. The same
with our Government, which has hitherto most
blindly backed up the Danish Government in its
maltreatment of the Gelman Duchies. It has
lately sent a trusty and intelligent agent into
Holstein to inquire iuto the real slate of the
case, and now finds otcasion, from his report, to
reverse its previous practice.
The precedents that suggested these conferences at
Berlin in thisyear were the conferences of Christians
held in London in 1851 and in Paris in 1855. The
encouragement to hold them here. emanated from
the King of Piussia ; the actual invitation to at-
tend them was issued by the Berlin Committee of
the German Branch of the Evangelical Alliance ;
but it was the hearty response made to this invi-
tation by the Evangelical Alliance in England and
the numerous suffrages it collected in favour of the
Berlin Conferences which made the latter pos-
sible, and contributed so much to their prestige. It
has been often asked what is the object of the
Evangelical Alliance In the absence of any dis-
tinct formula put forward by the Alliance itself, I
conclude from its various transactions and the
expressions of its members that its object is to
render patent the catholicity of doctrine that lies
hidden under the diverse forms of Protestanti‘m,
and thus deprive of its weight the Romanist's
objection that Protestantism has no church,
no creed, and no real entity. As a first act
towards a creed common to all Protestants,
the Evangelical Alliance has designated nine
points of doctrine on which both our esta-
blished churches in Great Britain and all denomina-
tions of Dissenters concur. These nine articles
have subsequently found numerous adherents in
the rest of Europe, and it is for the purpose of in-
creasing the number of those adherents and of pro-
mo:ing Christian toleration, brotherly charity, and
Protestant unity that the conferences lately held
here and elsewhere were got up.
Of the incidental advantages arising from the late
Berlin Conferences the Prussians will doubtless,
derive a larglr portion-than our countrymen, who
are more accustomed to the arts of public life.

MARRIED 'WOMEN.—Front Thursday i?exl, the Act
passed in the late session to enable married women to
dispose of reversionary interests in personal estates will
take effect. It is declared that after the 31st of Decem-
ber inst., it shall be lawful for every married woman, by
deed, to dispose of every future or reversionary interest,
whether vested or contingent, of such married women,
or her husband in her right, in any personal estate
whatslever to which she shall be entitled under any
instrument made alter the 31st of December 1857 ; and
also to release or extinguish any power which may be
vested in or limited or reserved to her in regard to any
such personal estate, as fully and effectually as she could
do if she were a iv/me sole, and also to :elease and extin_
gulch her right or equity to a settlement out of any per-
sonal estate to which she, or her husband in her light,
may be entitled in possession under any instrument,
save and except that no such disposition, release, or
extinguishment shall be valid unless the husband concur
iu the deed by which the same shal be effected, nor un.
less the deed be acknowledged by her in the manner
prescribed. The provision is not to extend to any
rever,ionary interest to which she shall become entitled
by virtue of any deed, will, or instrument by which she
shall be restrained from alienating or affecting the same.
The deeds permitted by this act are to be aeknowledged
in the same manner as deeds under the 3d and 4th
Wm., cap. 74, for abolishing fines and recoveries. The
powers of disposition given by this act are not to inter-
fere with other powers, nor to extend to settlements
of
married women upon their marriage. The new law is
, not to extend to Scotland.

WHY AM I ALWAYS INVITED OUT ON
CHRISTMAS-DAY? 1 •

(From the _Humorist.)

. .
I cannot tell why I am. I am not rich, lam
not handsome. I have nothing to leave, and very
little to give away. I have no expectations. I atu
not exactly young. I don't keep a carriage.. I
have not the smallest label of a title stuck on to my
name. Then why am I always invited out. o.n-
Christmas-day ? I have so many invitations that,
if I had the same number of heads as a ,hetit of
postage-stamps, I believe there vtoukl be a dipper
for every one of them on that day.
How is it ? Why there's Cormudgeon, the
young Cur, as we call him. He is well-connected.
He is so rich that he might sleep on a mattress
of bank-notes every night, and not feel the
pressure in the least. He has so many uncles and
aunts in the peerage that they are almost numer-
ous enough to fill a " ledger" by themselves.
There is a baronetcy at his feet, into which
he cannot help tumbling some day ; and he has
legs, and a nose, and a mouth, and a pair of eyes, as drawn as his salary at the Circumlocution
Office, and we all know what a handsome figure
that is. Well, notwithstanding all these attractions
—and he wears pegtop trousers into the bargain,
which, perhaps, are the very loudest pegtops about
London—it is as much, as he can do to get an invite
on that universally dining-out day, the 25. h .of
December. I did hear that last year he dined 'at
fhe Hercules Club in solitary grandeur all by him_
self. He was the only men in. this monster-gran-:
diose dining-room on that day, and had the whole
corps of twenty-two servants and thirteen boys (all•
of them in livery and crested buttons) to wait upon
him. lam told that it was a moat affecting sight,
especially when his plate of plum pudding was
brought in. It was a thin, slice, with a sickly blue.
flame that seemed to be dancing in
-derision over it.
The butler had toleave theorem. It was too much
for him, poor fellow ! ,
Now, when I go out on Christman-dap, T try to
make myself as happy as I can. I not only amus -
myself, but I try to amuse others. The children
meet me in the hall, and we are friends in a mi-
nute. No necessity for an introduction. I may
have a,whistle, or a lot of Bonaparte's ribs, or a
caricature, or an orange, or some friendly offering
in my pocket ;. and the moment
.I hold out ?my
band, they come to me as naturally as possible..
We romp, and play, and dance, and are as happy
as though there were no powders in the world, and
there was no chance of the doctor coming to see us
the next day. I make them rabbits on the wall
that stand on their hind logs, and eat, and scratch
their long ears with their fore paws. I cut them
basket's, death's beads, &c., out of oranges and
other patterns most curious and comical to behold.
[ get my first and second fingers to represent the
legs of a Highlander, and in that capacity, and
with a handkerchief for a kilt, they scamper
round the tray, and dance a hornpipe—which, for
accuracy, could not be surpassed by Mr. T. P.
Cooke. With the simple aid of a napkin, my hand
conjures up an old woman's face that makes them
die of laughing ; and their astonishment knows no
bounds when, after superhuman efforts of strength,
I succeed in pushing half-a-crown through the
mahogany-table, and it is distinctly heard to drop
through on the opposite side. .
They never tire of listening to my imitations of
Punch, and they-ask me again and again to bark
like the dog Toby, which canine imitation is so
wonderfully life-like that pussy rounds her back
and takes up a defensive attitude on the hearth-rug
to resist any invasion of it.
Most zoologically curious are my assumption
of various animals—without pride or affectation.
I believe I have an en'ire poultry-yard in •my
throat. My cock-crowing was, I tell them, the
very identical salute of the man that made, the
sun in Kentucky rise by mistake a good .hour
earlier than usual. They laugh, and their laugh-
ing makes me laugh, until we are told, that grand-
papa cannot bear so much noise, and we had better
go into the passage and play by ourselves.
Here new games are etartt d. We have coach
and hot fai up and down the hall, and al Joys rth •
house ; and then on the landing there is a shriek
raised for " Baste the Bear !" It falls to my lot to
be the bear, and I have a very negligent keeper,
for the youngster does not appear to be the least
on the to As-out, nor attempt to catch any one, but
seems all the time to be doubled up with excess of
laughter, and, if I mistake not, at my expense tco.
I only know I get a rare amount of basting, and
might be the bear up to the present moment, •if the
landing, after tea, had not been wanted by the
young ladies for acting charades. .
lam enlisted in the theatrical corps. Samehow,
to the great amusement of everybody the most ignoble
characters are allotted to me. The daughters of the
house (they ate sweetly pretty)have a pleraure in
dressing me up as grotesquely as they can. Their
greatest fun consists in smothering my face in old
ladies' caps and bonnet', and I have a shrewd•sus-
picion that that particular style of head dress does
not tend much to increase my beauty, for I notice
that the effect my appearance produces on the com-
pany is always one of the most uproarious merri-
ment. The old people go into convulsions of
laughter, the boys clap their hands, and even the
servants put their aprons up to their mouths, and,
with a guttural effervescing sound, like the opening
of soda water botttles, disappear hurriedly down
the kitchen stairs. To give a sample of my general
treatment, I will mention that my first character
was Don-key. I was umanimously elected as the
most fitting representative of that unintelligent
animal, and the shouts that saluted my entrance
into the drawing-room, as I trotted in on all fours
with Miss Julia (aged five) on my back, and a pairof
fur gloves tied on each side of my head by way o
donkey's ears, and a long bell rope hanging behind
me as the best likeness of a tail, were, I must say,
most complimentary to my powers of itnitation.
I don't know what it was that inspired me to bray,
but it sounded so natural, and it so clearly went
home to the hearts of everybody, that the loud
explosion of laughter that ensued would have,done
poor Curmudgeon's:heart good to have beard it.
I am not going through each separate stage of a
Christmas party. I imagine Christmas parties aro
very much the same, where good feeling binds all
hearts in happy unison together. There is a family
likeness, I fancy, that runs through such rejoicings.
The characters are very much alike, and the pro-
gramme of time-honoured amusements does not
v try much in our honest English homes. I need
only refer, with becoming briefness, to what I do
on those happy occasions. . If a song is wanted, I
sing. I have no voice, and so I make no fuss about
it but sing. I generally get to the end of the first
verse with tolerable success (and, entre nous it is
something about the earth being a toper), and the
audience laugh ; but I am rarely asked to go on
with the second. If a hand is wanted for a game of
cards, I am your man; and I can play without
losing my temper, or quarrelling with my partner
because he will not play the precise card I want. If
you want a good bowl of punch, ask me to brew it.
[ compound it as conscientiously as I should draw
up my will. As in the latter no dear one should be
omitted that was worthy of remembrance, so in the
former not asingle good ingredient should be left out
that was dear to our recollection, and all should
have their full quantities meted out to them, ac-
cording to their true deserts. If a dance is afoot, I
am ready to dance until the house shakes again,
the floor jerking up and down as though the room
were a big bottle that was being cleaned, and we were
the shot inside that were cleaning it. You will
never see me leaning against the door, standing on
my dignity, waiting for a partner worthy ofmy in-
ferior self, but 1 s'art off instantly, either with the'
eldest or the youngest of the party. lam not
above offering my hand even to a poor. deserted
" wallflower.' The musicians tire before I do.
I can keep it up with the nimblest of them, and
during the intervals of repose I can flirt, or joke,
or ask conundrums, or take off popular actors, or
imitate bricks tumbling down the Chimney, or do a
little bit of conjuring with the cards to amaze the
young ones, or drawing one's chair up to the fire,
can listen patiently to the pleasant chatter of the
old dames talking affectionately about their grand-
children, and even if a cab is wanted I flatter myself
1 can fetch it in quicker time than anybody. The
time flies gaily as a butterfly on its first day from
the crysalis.
I don't think—l don't do much more than I
havd described. Somehow, friends seem pleased
to see my face, plain as it is. Christmas-day is a
day of extreme happiness to me ; I enjoy it with all
my heart, and regret that it does not come oftener
than once a year. Perhaps it is this sense of en-
joyment that makes me an acceptable guest with
cut my, I
others. I laugh, I eat, I drink, capers,
I enter eon, amore into every passing fun, and am
a perfect victim at forfeits. There is no folly.
that I am not ready to be a
Cork-
ing my face does not wake me angry. If I can
oblige every one I am only
Laugh at me as y 'liyo u eau
°um ,
snap dragon to kissing
is nothing that conies
chil-
dren. Their society under
being of making me feel. partner in.
too happy to do it.
not offend me. From
the mistletoe, there
I love' amiss to me.
for
timehas the effect the
younger myself , as for
the mere feeling of reverence makes me
old people,
tothose who can only,fora limited
Call
rlYguests and companions.me easy,
bepehliaovdebtion'ud
simple, foolish, weak, goodnatured, childish, if you
I don't mind. After all they are not bad
will,qualities, perhaps, Since they contribute so largely
to my own enjoyment ; and who knows but they
may be the very reasons why I am always invited
out on Christmas-day ? And, perhaps, the absence
of those same qualities is also the reason why Cur-
mudgeon, with his means and superior recommen-
dations is so rarely invited out on the_eame day.

1. 11 E SUN, LONDON, S A.T WR DA r EVENING, EVE •• DECEMBER . • Qef 1. S 5 7.
........__________
_...
I the medium of European commerce. This, how- ; tain to be concealed under a mass of fine senti- to:observe how delicately they have been dropped over doubtless be a great deal to say in favour of the inyen. pore district, collected a number of men in open rebellion, ' 15,-at half-past one, and Feb. 5, at twelve, at the Court of
IMPORTANT LATTER FROU CHINA.
ever, will quickly be altered by the extensive ex- meats. board. lion. But we frankly confess we cannot thus far share and killed Mr. Kepner, his wife, and children, June. Bankruptcy.
ports sure to come from. England, or by a full cot- In China every pragmatical pedant who has a
(Front the limes' Special Correspondent.) 1 1116 North China Herald of the 27th of June, 1857, the sanguine views of the promoters, More particularly Mr. Snow, railway engineer : supposed to have been Thomas Taylor, tailor, Hastings Jan. 9, at half-Past
contains two proclamations from the authorities they seem to us to beg the question in taking for
ton crop in China. certain literary degree has the privilege of me-welve, and Feb. -9, at twelve, at -the Court of Bankruptcy.
of Fabkien and the prefects of Fubchow. These granted that the fermenting process is unwholesome in killed at the same time with the Keymers. . ,
Mr. Cockerell C.S.C.S. Deputy Collector and Joint Maps-
SHANGHAI, OCT. 17.
,i Secondly, reduction in prices has not been met morialising the Emperor. I have waded through John Young, draper, Pentonville-road, Jan. 7, at half-
of Banda, 'Mr. Benjamine, Mr. Bruce, Mr. Lloyd. past twelve, and Feb. 5, at two, at the Court of Bank-
Fortusotely for me my mission to China has in i
•by corresponding increase of sales. The dollar price hundreds of these to find only those stupid nlati- authorities profess that they have discovered tnat itself-was originally adopted with no other intention,
:. among the foreign imports, there is an article called or serves no other purpose, than imparting lightness tnessta The Nawab Al' 13:1 d of Banda, is stated to have ruptcy.
1 a la 00r,
something more than to chronicle the proceed- i , China for skirtings, for instance, the great staple tudes, those trite commonplaces, those "bona- lilaJoseph Heldmann, lace manufacturer, Cheepside, Jan.
andforeign medicine,'. of which immense quantities are sold, the bread. A certain sacrifice there may be, though
s of the Elgin embasey, or I should have died of 1 in
article of goods, has not for several years been more sttr Ice morale "as Hite says, which, like the maximscaucsaepdtathinessekgeennet,l esmuepnertionbe murdered.
leness. A much higher object is to study upon
than half what it ranged at a few years previously ;in Poor Richard's' Almanack, pass for deep wisdomSuperintendent ; Captain Gordon, De- 7, at one, and Feb. 5, at half-past eleven, at the Court
on which hitherto there has been no duty." They hardly to the extent of 10 per cent. ; but in lieu thereof puty Snperintendent; and other European residents, names of Bankruptcy.
innocently remark that *lt appears that this foreign a saccharine element is developed, which adds to the not given ;-killed in the fort of Jhansi in which they had William Lloyd, frying-pan manufacturer, Gospel Oak,
e spot the subject of our trade with this empire,
yet we see that the demand has not risen with the with the vulgar of all nations. The opium question medicine is sold to the people as medicine, aid is used flavour of the bread ; and it seems probable that, taken refuge. Tipton, Staffordshire, Jan. 7 and 28, at half-past eleven,
dto labour to discover how commerce may be reduction in price. of course produced a rank crop of these imperti- for expelling epidemics, so that it cannot be classed with apart from this, or its imparting lightness, the fermen- Captain Fletcher Hayes, Military Seceretary to the Chief at the Birmingham District Court of Bankruptcy.
'doped and this great region opened_ up. Thirdly, the years which appear to denote great nences, and some were selected for publication in rice, paddy, cloth, &c., which are of constant use. There- tation makes the bread more digestible. Commissioner of Lucknow; Lieutenant Barber, 2d Regi- William Billings, bonnet-shape maker, Red Cross-street,
It is a task of dull utility. If there be any who . .
activity are in reality years of great disaster. In the Pekin Gazette. One of them is reprinted in fore in levying this duty en foreign medicine we do not meat of Oude Cavalry; Mr. Fayrer, a gentleman volun- Jan. 2, at eleven, and Feb. 5, at twelve, at the Court of
ok to my letters for amusement I warn them to
~ 1843,i 1844, and 1845, when the Northern ports the blue-book for 1840, and contains that rarest of oppress the people." The proclamations declare that INDIAN DESPATCHES. teer. These officers, with 2 rissalahs of Oude Irregular Bankruptcy,
Cavalry, had been sent by Sir H. Lawrence from Lucknow Sybe I. Stevenster, merchant, Mark-lane, Jan, 2, at half-
&my company. I have nothing to show them
emu just been opened, the people at home were all things in these memorials-a fact :- "hereafter this foreign medicine, when it has paid the
a hard facts and perplexing figures. wild with excitement', An eminent firm at Sheffield " From Fuhkein, Kwangtung, Chekeing, Shantung, duties, is to be regarded as a legal article of trade " -.0-
under Captain Hayes, his Military Secretary, to ahl in past eleven, and Feb. 5, at half-past twelve, at the Court
keeping order along the Grand Trunk Road and in the Cen- of Bankruptcy.
First, let me say a few sent out a large consignment of knives and forks, Yunnan, and Kweichow memorials have been presented The duties, imposed are, that " e-very box of foreign (Front the London Gazette of last evening.)
words upon the corpustral Dooab Districts; the rissaliths mutinied on the way, William Hopperton, laceman, Oxford-street, Middlesex,
bjectum--the region we seek to open. medicine containing 40 hallo shall pay a duty of one INDIA. BOARD, DEO. 23.
and declared themselves prepared to supply all by the censors and other officers, requesting that probi- and killed the officers.
The 18 provinces of China proper are quite sue- should be enacted against the cultivation dollar per ball" (that is, the Patna opium) ; " other The following despatch has been received at the East
.'tent for our present purpose . s The half-tamed China with cutlery. The Chinamen, who know bition
of the poppy and the preparation of opium ; but
opium)
kinds of foregn medicine in small balls (the Malwa India House. Serjeant-Major Matthews, 6th Oade Irregular Infantry; jeacenti.ritsO'fitßial:
shot from the banks of the river while flying with other Eli Gibson, builder, Wilby, Northamptonshire, J..an• 99
half-trzsttcyt.wo, and Feb. 5,
,at eleven, at the
not the use of knives and forks (er, as they say,shall pay duty at the rate of $4 per 10Ib." The No. 1.
ountaineers of Thibet are six times nearer to Cal-
abandoned the use of them when they became civi- while nominally prohibited, the cultivation has not , .
proclamation ends QM :-" fugitives from Fyzabad, 18 miles below Adjoudheea (Fyza- at half-past one, and Feb. 9, at one, at the Court of Bank-
tits than to Pekin. The tribes of Mahomedana been really stopped in those places. Of any of those The Governer-General of India in Council to the Court bad District), 9th June. ruptcy.
. lised),. but toss their rice into their mouths with "The high military and civil authorities of the province of Directors of the East India Company. Lieutenant Parsons, 6th Oude Irregular Infantry; Lieu- William Hills, grocer, Gravesend, Jan. 8, at eleven, and
bo inhabit the vast hill districts to the north ofprovinces, except Yunnan, I do not praume to
chopsticks, would not ilook at these best balance- have already memorialised the Throne. Hereafter, when the Fort William, Nov. 9. (No. 71.) tenant Currie, Artillery ;-drowned while fugitives from Feb. 8, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
eibest are to the rich provinces of China Proper speak ; but of that portion of the country I have it in • Fyzabad, 9th June. George Scott, coal merchant, Moor-wharf, Uxbridge,
handles. They were sold at prices which scarcely my power to say, that the poppy is cultivated all over duty on foreign medicine is paid, the trade is legal; and at al In conformity with instructions received from the
hide lieu pon their eastern boundary what the the Custom-houses the presentation of the proper certificate Secret Committee, that your Honourable Court should - Lieutenant Lindesay, 22d Regiment N.I. ; Lieutenant Middlesex, Jan. 8, at twelve, and Feb. 10, at eleven, at
wallets once were to the lowlands of Scotland. realised their freight, and the shops in Hong Kong the hills and in the open plain, and that the quantity of will secure immediate passage for the foreign medicine with- be furnished with autlaentic intelligence respecting Burin. Bankruptcy.
g were for years afterwards adorned with them, opium annually produced there cannot be less than se- out the slightest opposition." Cautley, 22d Regiment N.I. ;-killed at the village of hie- the Court of
wadubur, in the pore Discreet, while flying from SCOTCH
orht:olsihouse factor,
ft SEQUESTRATIONS.
ageroocrel.4,laosizabur.ir:ghe..
Mews. Tartary, lying along the north, is rich only formed . . . .
veral thousand cheste ; and yet we do not see any dimi•peans, whether belonging to the East India Company's Fyzabad, 10th June
i bill and desert. It is to to shat densely peopled into devices like guns and spears in an
The date of the second of these proclamations is the service er not, who may be killel or wounded by the
armoury. A London house of famous name sent ♦
nation in the quantity of silver exported as comparedJohnD,"
01 ins I
Trainor,
rule tani
nanco,
Lace of the globe which lies between the China 7th ofJune 1857. hands of rebels, a circular bee been issued to the autho.
out a tremendous consiomment of pianofortes. The with any previous eriod while n the other hand the
ea and Tartary, between the Yellow Sea and e P , s 0 e, At Shanghai there bits been no formal proclamation, titles noted on the margin,* requesting them bencefor. Lieutenant A. Procter;-killed by the mutineers
speculation was based, probably, on the calculation lack of the metal in Yunnan is double in degree what itGwalioriliaj e
r Blake,
Contingent; Commandinge
r. K ir e 2, tSI up a'n Regimentt
e n d
Thomas Mitchell, fleshes,dealer, • Edinburgh.
'hibet and Kokonor, that we must look for advan- but the same Viceroy rules, and levies a duty of 24 Iward to suchmad.,' for Gwalior Contingent,l4th June.
tee s
that China must contain 200,000,000 women, and formerly was. To what cause is this to be ascribed 1
irons relations. To what but that the consumers of the drug are very a chest. to your Honourable Court. Lieutenant Smith Adjutant of the 4th Irregular Cavalry;
BANK OF ENGLAND.
This compact mass is about half the size of Eu- " now that China was opened up " at least OEM out
y, and that those who are choice *and dainty with At Ningpo a tax of 12 Shanghai dollars per chest has 2. With respect to past transactions, these authorities shot by a duffadar ,of his corps, at Mosuffurnuggur, 21st
An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth Victoria, cap. 32, for
of every 200 would wish to learn the piano. The been established for some time, and the mandarins are have been requested to collect, from the best available June. the Week ending on Weinesday, the 23d day of December, 1857. •
ope, about seven times the size of France, and regard to its quality prefer always the foreign article." Mr. Butterfield ; shot in the outbreak at Mozuffurnug.
Chinese remained faithtul to their gongs and now about to raise it to the Shanghai amount. lam sources' as complete a statement as can be procured ot ISSUE DEPARTMENT.
bout 15 times. the size of our islands. It is about . This testimony of Choo Tann as to the cultiva- ,
got, 21st June. g
t.rump!ets, and refused all hospitality to this intro- ' told that it was originally proposed to levy this tax as those who have fallen • and that, though this statementx
,500 miles long and broad. M'Culloch reckons ton of thousands of chests of native opium in one an important duty, but that tbe merchants refused is to be made as complete as possible, still, whatever in Dr. Lyell, Ist Alai/slant Opium Agent; shot in an out-
.. 25,633,790 Government debt.• - 11,015,100
sive flight of squares, uprights, and horizontals. break in the city of Patna, on the night of the 3d July.s 459,900
tat in square miles it measures 1,348,870. Province alone was given in 1836, while the vet- to pay it, and threatened to retire to their depot ships formation they might have, should be sent in, without N.B. Of which two Other securities .. •• -, 0
The embarrassment became great. Hong Kong Immitneisollisssuaer:lissued two
der the authority of Gold coin and bullion i 0,208.79
Cutting off the surrounding fringe of savage life, million pencil was inditing heroics about the im- again. In this lam inclined to think they were nowise. , • •l
morality of foreign opium-growers. waiting until the report can be made complete.
could not hold them.. At last the consignees, being Silver bu11i0n....., •••• •• --
bins is still a 'vast empire, but not so imrneasur-Opium might have been brought within the 5 per cent. 3. These returns, when received, will be duly tram- tistatt of trint! Len
the letter from the
people of great social influence, extricated them- Joint
of Jorye Sing
First Lord of the Tres-
He or so unmanageable as we are accustomed tol,o:ljli•o;s:3:3oofAwkirirozispro:rkec,iil
ted I can add to this statement that the culture of of the " unenumerated articles clause" of the treaty, mitted to your Hon. Court. In the meantime we fur and others, zemindars of Porno nor at Pelee Indigo Fac-
se Yesby an act of grievous tyranny.
1 ssury and the Chance,-
3ne.eive it to be. With a railway like our Greatopium certainly is not confined to the province of and this vexed question thus settled for ever ; whereas ward a list, extracted from letters addressed to this tory, near•Gopeegunge, 4th July. force the Exchequer.
reatern laid down, we might traverse it from north upon every
. European resident buying two pianos.
Yunnan. Any one who penetrates intothe am hi-
the tax is now levied from the Chinese brokers, and is, department. ' Mr. Jones, Indigo Planter ; Mr. Kemp, Indigo Planter ; ---•-•-.
£26,653,790
south or from east to west in 30 hours. The price, as we may suppose, was not exorbitant,
theatreeof mountains which bounds the Ningpo of course, without limit. 4. The Home and Military Departments have been killed by the folio were of Jorye Sing aud others, undo.- £26,683,790
Dated the 24th day of DecembeMr;lBlls7lll.
This country contains 360,279,897 human crew- but what sale was effected was a matter of private
Plain will see valleys upon valleys of fine rich land In the face of the present large returns from these directed to submit what information they now possess
opium duties-concerning the amount whereof Lord on the subject, to this Department, for transmission to gdaarnegeof
4Ptohro
Jouployo.r, at Pole° Indigo Factory, near Gopee-
arege The amount need not startle us. If England /
obligation and not by fair market. The tonne- P
covered with poppies. The official reports deplore Major Holmes, 12th Irregular Cavalry, and his wife ; BANKING DEPARTMENT.
quence
.the partof
of this spirited conduct on
nd Wales were as large as China England and Walesthis, but cannot stop it. 'the estimate is that
• b the best makers
manufacturers is, that pianos y e information which bas not yet reached him-there will CANNING. dered by the mutineer sowers of the 12th Irregular Ca- Proprietors' capital .. 14,553,000 (lovemment securities
rould contain within one-ninth of the same amount 60,000 chestsof opium annually •
abound iu Hong Kong and the four ports. An bee- be no difficulty in putting this part of our trade on a J. DORIN. valry, at Segowlee, 23d Jul July.
If population. If Lombardy were as large as . . . China. This opium is purer and stronger than the Public deposits (in- Annuity).. •• . . 5,492,756
h
vitable sequence arismg from the indescribable u- satisfactory treaty basis. J. LOW. Mr. Loyd, C.S„ Magistrate and Collector of Humeer-
line, Lombardy would contain 360,000,000 also ; Indian opium, but for want of skill in the prepare- chiding Exchequer, Other Securitles•....• 28,0,38,186
climate • b
mid'ty of the le, that these noise- oxes are Perhaps I have said too much about this topic ; B. PEACOCK. pore ; Mr. Donald Grant, C.S., Joint Magistrate and DA.
COMMISSIO .ors of Notes ... .•• ...... 7,426,610
SHALL, Chief Cashier.
,nd if Belgium were as large as China, Beligum . d• d. tion, and patience in keeping, it has an acrid fla- but it must come into the new treaty, and there may Since the above was written, the required lists have puty Collector of Humeerpora ; Mr. Murray-supposed to National Debt, Say- Gold an-I.Silver Coin.. b 44,491
all out of tune and discourse most eloquent discord.
zeild contain 400,000,000. Take the average of your. , dis-
What happened in the case of cutlery and pianos be some few readers in England who may be willing been furnished by the Home Department and the Go. have been killed. A country born English mg.' Banks, and
Dividend ccounts) 7,23,87
se whole 18 provinces, and there is nothing in theto hear the question stated as I have endeavoured to yernment of Bengal, and they are forwarded herewith. guised as a native, •
occurred also in a less noticeable manner in the case The English •1 h h Indian
a opium trade, even a t egg and asserted that these gentlemen were murdered at Orate. Other deposits .... 15,151,318
gums as they come out. Tte population as a opium should ha en to be consumed only hy magic. state it-without the prejudices either of a missionary - came to Allhabad, via Ifurneerpoi-e,
Seven Day and other
of those staple commodities which form the subject Captain P. H. C. Burlion, 67th N.I. The company of
hole is not excessive. But when we come to traces on the judgment-seat and other distinguished or a merchant. * Secretary to Government, Central Provinces. Secre- • Bills
of our table and which in the resent condition of the 67th N 1., doing duty at Muttra, were to have been .......---.....
ote the distribution of that population the figures / / P 'persons, is a great thorn in the side of the British min- One word upon a subject to which I shall probably tart' to Government of Bengal. Chief Commissioner,
relieved by a company of the 44th N.l. from Agra. The £41,552,103 £41,552,103
relations with Chin form almost the rea-
our a,North-Western Provinces. Chief Commissioner, Punjab.
ecome very remarkable. There is a pressure only sionary. The controversy which the Chinese politely not have occasion to recur. I have sometimes spokenen MARSHALL, Chief Cashier.
sonable articles of export from England. untenderly of topics much cherished by some of our
General's Agent, Rajpootana. Governor-General's Resident at Hderabad. Resident when the men of the 67th, who had behaved well hitherto, Dated the 24th day of Dec., 1857.
n. the Esstern seaboard provinces such as is with- evade finds exercise among the Christians, An English
Protestant.missionaries. There is, however, no subscriber rtaßoarr-Godean.eraivAegrnenort: opportunity was seized for sending treasure down to Agra,
A fourth observation which arises upon this missionary related quite recently how he bad met and s
ut parallel in the world. The Chinese coasts
b
AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR.
Ilich look out towards Japan, and whence a table is the rising-I should rather say the risen 7. vanquished a Portuguese priest who confronted him in
• to the various bodies which send preachers forth who
thinks more highly of the usefulness of these men Sanger. I ' the Cutcherry, and, being joined y the relieving company
shot Capt. Barlton, fired at ell the Europeans who were at
of the 44th N. 1., marched to Delhi.- ,
of the great northern port of Shanghai hostile manner in the streets of a northern city Having
traight a straight sea line might e drawn to Aus- importance • - than I do. I will not smaking •
ay that they are sincere - Major Spencer, Commanding 26th Regiment Light In- puled from the returns made in the week endin,; Dec.
raffia, are choked with people, the average for the ance of the ort of Canton no European language
and the declining import p .in common and Lain being ' ' - Chinese Christians-those who say this must be either • No. 2. fantry ; this regiment had been disarmed. Major Spencer 22, 1857, exclusive of the Ditties of Customs paid or •
List of Earopeane Killed by Rebels, prepared at the
rhole empire being 268 in the square mile ; This will be strengthened by a careful analysis of found to be an inconvenient medium they dropped
it fluently into the Shanghai dialect. ' The gaping, governed by a delusion or guilty of a fraud-but they .Ihe Average Price of Brown or Muscovado
I. Sugar.Gtooremat
P ayable thereon, on the importation thereof into
:iangsu has 850 ; its next inland province Anhui, the Consularreturns fur 1856, whence wills ear Foreign Office, Calcutta.
are doing the work which, if China is ever to be Chris- Major M. T. Blake, Commanding 2,1 Regiment Infantry, July 1857. Britain :- s, d.
514 705 •; Shantung, to the north on. the cast, has t . .
that if we throw off rice and Indian cotton the ex- Ch. d d d • • Chinese stood roun an wondered, while the priest . .
tianisaid, mint precede its conversion. They live among Gwalior Contingent ; Capt. A. W. Hawkins, Command- yemserak,i3llAdh.by blows yes dealt him with a hatchet, at Meean
From the British Possessions in America ............ 26 9 i
' accused the English Minister of being about teach - ...... I_6
_52
44 ; the inaperiel district of Chihli 475 ,• and Che- ports of British produce to Canton were 604,083 •..or Birch, 41st N. 1., Lieut. Smalley, 41st N.1.-killed
the Chinese people, they speak their language, they are ing Ist Company Artillery, Gwalior. Contingent ; _Lieut. Mr. Gibson, a Salt Officer ; killed by some inhabitants
iang on the coast, to the south has 671- 4e., while those to Shanghai amounted to the Chinese a modern heresy, only 100 years old, in•
known to them by deeds of charity and beneficence; Ca. P.roctor, Adjutant 4th Regiment Infantry, Gwalior of the Maboniedan village of Kurreenegunge (Budaon Dia. Muscovado, the produce of the Hest Indies
vented by a wicked king and an abandoned woman ;26 • 81
1,679,581/. list Again, we must remember their wives are the friends of the poor, friendless Continent ; Lieut. W. Stewart, Commanding 2d Corn-Average of the above descriptions. .............
trict), Ist September, 1857.
After these come those smaller central provincesthat and while the priest was in his turn twitted with teach-pang of Artillery, Gwalior Contingent ; Major F. Shirreff,
I Ronan (420) and Hu eh (389), which extend heEn fish ex cuts to A
these amounts include t g p Amoy ing an idolatry stolen from the temples of Buddha. We Chinese woman ; their children prattle to the natives
Commanding 4th Regiment Infantry,b
Gwalior Contingent ; Cooper, of the 32d N. , . ____
32d NJ. killed by themu mutineers
ramie through the centre of the empire, and which and Foochow, which are transhipped at Canton, have all classes of missionaries here, except only o high in their own tongue, and are the messengers of their Surgeon K. W. Kirk, M.D., Superintending Surgeon ; Mr. Ronald, Assistant Commissioner,t. Deogurh ; Lieut.
at Deogurb, 9th October, 1e67.
ogether with the province of Sechuen form the and also some which afterwards reach Shanghai, churchmen, whereof I bare met none. The ordained little offices parents •ti of love. The merchants in China Rev. G. W. Coopland, Assistant Chaplain : Gwalior, CECIL BEADON, ................40.,.....
whereas(Shanghai being the most distant port th
;irdle of China. The eastern part of Sz'chuen w ) e clergy in China often abandon their prayer-book, and are almost universally large-hearted and benevolent men •Ml 4 , ay , 9 p.m., on timir return from dinner at Brigadier
they will give largely, but they have not either time or Ramsay's, by the mutinous corps of the Gwalior Contin- Secretary to the Government of India. RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS.
Shanghai returns include only its own proper im- conduct their service in the Presbyterian form. Some TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK.
rould show the same large amount of population •; taste for such offices as these ; nor would the wildest gent, stationed at Gwalior. November 6, 1857.
nit the western part joins upon Thibet, and is P° '• of the sectarian ministers carry their Protestantism with -- Receipts.
P expect it from them. Yet this must be Captain Spottiswoode, Cornet Newberry, Ist Regiment Miles
nountainous and thinly peopled. The opium trade, the least desirable part of our a dauntlessness that makes us start or shiver. There . .No. 4.
29 4 Killed red, NAME OF RAILWAY. isb7. 1856.
It is very important to our commercial inquiry to export trade to China, shows healthiest in statistics. was a reception day some time since at the yamun of done by somebody if China is to be opened. Even if I Bombay Dancers : Nusseerabad, May , p.m. List of Europeans Killed or Wounded by the hands of
857. -------------:-------
Taoloai of Shanghai city. The Raman Catholic Bishop pe that the cold speculative systems of Laotze,
had to ho• whilst charging the mutineers, viz., two Regiments Native
Confucius,
.and Buddha could be overthrown, that those Rebels in the Lower Provinces. I A
!member the lay of the strata of Chinese popula- The "foreign medicine trade," as the Chinese now Infantry and Artillery, who carried off six guns, and made
At Rohnee, in the Sontbal Pergunnahs-June 12. BRITISH.
had just had hi,, audience, and an uncomprom sing Protes- towards Delhi. -
ion. If we go into the country with our cottons more delicately call it, is sturdy and increasing. Defaces of ice would some day melt before the fervid Sir Norman Leslie, Adjutant, sth Irregular Cavalry, - Aberdeen ......•• •• •••••••••• • ••••
.11-57 1,156
.3 • taut of an extreme sect took his place. Now,
.this Taou-
quickening fire of true religion, still 1 would say plantand Ballymena •• •• .• ~.. •• •• ,
Ind our woollens our lace and our hardware, it is The deliveries to the different opium stations in Colonel Penney, Commanding let Regiment Bombay 244 243
tat had tbe reputation of being a clever, a malicione, and . Lancers : Nusseerabad, 29th May, 4 p.m. Fell dead from Don•• •.•• •• ••..
Grant, attached to Irregular Cavalry, wounded; while 17 Belfast and County
killed ; Majoi J. M'Donald, and Assistant-Surgeon N. J. 65 Belfast
2 614
h're and Cheshire 2,512 ._.
o the men and women we must go, and not to the 1849 and 1854 were as follows :- a sarcastic man, accustomed to gather all the European establishments
missionary in China ; but remember his horse on the march sitting together in front f the mess bungalow, a sudden 1216,,
2 Birkenhead, Lancas . ,
3elestial Mountains and the Sea of Stars. Names of Stations. 1849. 1354. always that a fool, a bigot, or a firebrand cando
scandal of the settlement, and to cast it into the faces of
rush was made at theme by three men of the regiment, rt kburn and West York •• •• 1,055 00!
11_79 Bolton, iac ,
.... 5,521 5,577
Let us remember, then, that the populous dis- P. P. the missionaries-Roman Catholic, Catholic, and Pro- more et.' there than ten good men can repair. care : Nusseerabad. Wounded on the above occasion. with naked swords ; Sir Norman Leslie was disabled by 8 Bristol and Exeter •• •• •• • • ...• •• - -
19834 Cal donian- .••••••••••• •• •• •• •• - 4,552 4,4b3
aicts of China, are, first the provinces on the Cumsingmoon ... ... ... 15,400 20,010 testant. "The bead man of your Christians has just (To be continued.) Mr. Hilliard, Mr. Fell : Sirsa. Murdered by a Jemadar
the first blow, Major M`Donald had two cuts on his head, 94'4 Chester and Holyhead... •• •• •• •• •• •• 6i 188
m0n.,....., during the insurrection at, and destruction of, Sirsa. and Dr. Grant received a severe wound in the arm, and 63 Cork, Blackrock, and Passage ....••
281 261
!astern seaboard-Chihli, " the Imperial pro- Hongkong ... ... .. 900 2,760 gone out," maliciously remarked the Taontai. "Sir, --- - - Mr. Davis (hiabrother died in the jungle from thirst), 20 Cork and Bandon.. •• •••••••• • • •• •• 1,125 1,082
rine, f' Shantung, " the province east of the Macao ... ... ... ... 600 he is not our head man. He is not a Christian at all ; AERATED B.READ. another in the leg; they both defended themselves with
Clerk in Captain Robertson'e office : Sirsa. Murdered on • 56 Dublin and Beltast J unction •• •• •• ••
1,568 1.553
Namoa ... ... ... ... 2,470 3,0951 dd.i d • • ff th • •1 t S.
chairs, an, succeeded e a riving o me. asset an s. ir
mountains ;" Kiangsu, " the province of the abun- he is an idolater ,• he worships the crose." " And do • the above occasion. 63 Dublin and Drogheda. •••••••• • • • • • • 1 187 1,100
Amoy ... ... ... ... 3,200 3,860 Norman was fearfully wounded, and died shortly after. 40 Dublin and Kingstown •• •• • • "•• •• •• •• '541 634
last river ;" Chie-kiang, the province of the Chewchew ... ... ... 1,390 1,352 not you ?" asked the innocent Taoutai. "No, Ido not." (Front the Spectator.) Mr. and Mrs. Wedderburn, Magistrate of Ilium.; "Lieut. At Patna. -July 3. 17% Dundee and Arbroath ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •• 64 931
neandering river." Seconclly, the inland girdle M tii 1 840 4,495 " And yet if I were to lay the cross on the floor at The English are a great people ; the 19th century is and Mrs. Burwell, Hurrianah Battalion ; Mr. Daniel, Pa- Assistant-Surgeon R. Lyell, Principal Assistant to the 81 Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen Junotior. 75_7
40
'orming provinces Nganhwui, er Anhui, "the Lookong ... ... ... ... 1,000 2,190 your feet you dare not trample upon it ?" " I would," a great century. No question of that. The bitterest trol; Mr. Thompson : Hisser. Mr. Wedderburn is re- co • Agent, Patna, killed . • the disturbanceat 35 Dundalk and Enniskillen-- -•••• •• 45 550
pium.-in
novince of peace and plenty ; Ronan, " the pro- Woosung... ••• ... ... 21,030 28,870 answered the unhesitating Christian missionary. Of enemies of both or either are yearly compelled more Ported to have been shot in his kutchery ; the rest were 67%East Anglian.... •• •••••••••••• •• •• ••
Patna, on the night of July 3, Dr. Lyell, while riding in e, 4 697
~) East Lancashire •• •••••••••••• " •• •• , 6,557
course, there must be jealousits ard difficultiee and frankly to do homage to the achievements which mark massacred in their houses by the Hurrianah Light Infan. front of his men, to attack the rebels, was shot to the 489 Eastern Comities and NorfOlk.• •••• } 23,570 23,390
rince south of the river ;" Ho eh "provinee - -
47,870 66,662 heartburnings among risen bolding such very different them out as different from all other races and all preyi- try' ground. Eastern Union •.•••••••• • • •• • • • •• 4,8,4 4,972
mirth of the river ; Sz'chuen, "the province or opinions. Even some Americans of the more violently ens centuries. In innumerable respects, too, there is a Lieut. Townsend. Killed by Desoits on his way to At Segowlee.-July 23. 142 Edinburgh and Glasgow .•• •• •• •••• •• 56 2,761
he four streams." A I have not the station statement for 1856, but hostile sects point out to the Chinese that the English sort of partnership in this greatness. A peculiar people Mahoba. Major .T. G. Holmes, Commanding 12th Irregu- 78 Edinburgh, dee• ••••• 20
h, Perth, and Dun
......_•
I shall hereafter have occasion to show that these the total amount was 76,300 piculs, and the value are opium dealers, suppressing the fact that American and a peculiar time play, se to say, into each other's Hanel
Sergeant Fitzgerald : .
Mr. Cockerel] Joint Magistrate : Banda. Cut down by far Cavalry, and Mrs. Holmes killed :-while taking their 6 Exeter and Creditors.. •• •• ..•• •• •• •• 1,029 1,027
22 Furness Railway •• • •• •• •• •• •• •• •• ese
rovinces so rich in men are those with which we was 30,868,050, or 7,202,5451. Now, this is a very houses are quite as eager in di=puting the profits of the hands,___and contribute to make each other what they Nawab's Sowar's. evening drive, bath were killed by the mutineers of the tux Glasgow, w t 5,954 5,
and South- es ern•• •• •• ••
26 (331 26,235
`.) h Irregular .
let.
6,342
~
night naturally to have the closest relations that important sum of money spent, no doubt, upon a trade. Sometimes it happens that in the midst of a mss- are. But 2.11 strength bee its weakness, all greatness Mr. Bruce, Mr. Brinsum, in the Banda Nawab 's service.killed ye e western (Ireland)
Assistant-Surgeon H. S. Garner and child, :-the eoe Great Southern an
25 248 24,73
. ,
they are the moat accessible to us, and that with very deleterious drug. Divided among the sionary discourse an cld man come( forward (either has its drawbacks. There are things in which this no- Reported by the Nawab as murdered. mutineers, after killing Major Holmes, proceeded to the 48. Great Western •• •••• • • •.: ... • • •••• •••• •.. 240 947
me exception they are the provinces to which we 360,000,000, it is nearly 6d. per head per annum- spontaneously or at some one's ,liggestieri), and tells the table and progressive ago has not shown itself progres- Capt. A. Shen°, with his wife anti two children, Super- Doctor's Bangelow, forced it open, murdered tbe Doctor, 'V Lrianshc.S(LurthanEdasgrAzo.................. 5,693
28131
lave hitherto had no access. •Canton, with its about one-tenth of what each one average unit of crowd what a good son he once had, and how that sive ; and some of these in regard to which England intendent ; Lieut. F. D. Gordon, Deputy Superintendent ; .
his wife, and one child, and then set fire to it. Oue child,
288 U Lancashire and Yorkshir... •• •• •• ... 17,669 2,1 a
leighlec uring provinces of Kwan • gm, Kweichow, our 20,000,000 Britons spends in tobacco ; about son kept him in comfort, bat that he has lately taken lags behind most civilised nations -possibly even behind Mr. T. Andrews, P. S. Ameen ; Mr. R. Andrews, with a little girl, escaped notice, and was taken care of by the _ Leeds Northern ..•• -•••••••• •• •• " _ _
his wife and four children, Deputy Collector and Deputy T hsidar 16i Liverpool, Crosby, and Soutbport.• •• 55,286 60,775
tad Yunnan, we the most thinly peopled provinces one-sixth of what he spends additionally on gin to spend all his earnings in opium-smoking, and leaves some that do not boast to be civilised-as much as she Magistrate ; Mr. W. S. Carshore, wife and four children, e . 637 London and North Western ••••••• •• 1,184 1,208
24th July. 6% London and Blackwall.• •- •••••• " •• 19,579 12,576
11 the empire. Kwanetung has only 241 inhabi- and whisky. his father unprovided for. The old gentleman outruns them in other respects. Collector of Customs • Mr. Wetton, wife, child and two
• wife
14,268 13,619
wishes to know whether it is the countrymen of the Exempli gratia, let us take what in this country is •
Cattle to the square mile, which is below the aver- It is very wrong of John Chinaman to smoke sisters, Patrol ; Mr. Orr, and mother, Superintendent .
uered by the mutineers of the same regiment. 288% London and South Western. •• ...... 73i
762
" elder " • teacher who sell that opium. We malt imbue called " the staff of life"-in France, still more expres• of Customs • Capt. J. Dunlop, 12th Native Infantry ,• -
ageEn-
; Kwangei has 93, Kweichow has 82, and Tun- opium to the extent of 6d. per head per annum withAt DeogburesOct. 9. 60 Londonderry and Enniskillen • :
alntle.c.k.,&-el -
ourselves the exaggerated soti.ns which the Chinese sively, '' la benediction de Dieu." The process of bread - sign S. B. Taylor, 12th Native Infantry ; Lieut. W. C. L. - Manchester, Buxton.
Lieutenant H. C. A. Cooper, Commanding Detachment dnil d Lincolnshire 9,045 ' 9,79!'
nen 52. Contrast these figures with the 850 of But what is he to do ? He detests beer and wine. ess of parenta despotism to fa y un- making does not appear to have altered much since the Eyves, 12th Native Infantry ; Dr. McEgan, wife, and sis-
have of the sacredn 1 • 11d 32d N.I and. Mr R. E. Ronald, Assistant Commissioner, 173% 3lanchester, e Shdlloelnction...... 795 41
Kiangsu and the 705 of Anhui. You may leave an open brandy bottle in his custody derstand the effect of such a question. If while a candi. time of the Pharaohe ; and such improvements as have ter, 12th Infantry ; - Newton, wife, and four chiliren,
Deogliu;: killed by mutineers of 32d N.I. . 9 Manchester an 854
28 staryport and Carlisle •• •••• •• •..... 868
Such is the country in which we seek to develope for weeks, and it will not evaporate. His own sum- date was addressing the electors of the berongb of Maine- been made England has been the Flo west to adopt, QuartermasterSerge/Cut ; ieut. apbel, and another
Mr. J. W. Garatin, Deputy Magistrate, Buxar, wounded
567 !Midland •••••-•••• " • • • • •• - •• .... 29,983 30,442
our trade, glace is, BO fax as I can discover, almost a myth, ex- law, with their wives in genend tea-party ftssembbsd, English bread ia the astonishment and despair of foreign fa
cavalry o cer, 14th Irregular Cavalry ; Sergeant
while accompanying the force to relieve Arrah. 177 Midland Great Western (Irish) .. •• .. 3,918 3,909
Ryley, Overseer Publics Works; Capt. F. J. Burgess, Re. A. R. YOUNG, 52 Monklanda •.•• •• •• ..•• •• .......... 1.376 1,45 b
Let me now shortly sketch the present condition, cept as an article to sell to foreign sailors. Ilia vile Mrs. Brown Jones Robinson Smith were suddenly to era, continental bread the constant theme of travellers'3,l2s 3,022
venue Surveyor ; Lieut. Turbull, Assistaut Revenue Secretary to the Government of Bengal. 75 Newcastle and Car1i51e............ • •
of that trade. . tobacco is a very miserable debauch. It is used in appear leading in Mr. B. J. R. Smith, staggering in the Praise ; while as regards those collateral preparations of Surveyor; Mr. D. T. Blyth, wife, brother-in-law, 149 North British ••..••• • •• • • .......... 4,734 OA
Itis a subject upon which the data are not very very small pipes by the Men, and is much affected last; stage of maudlin tipsiness-if Mrs. Smith were wheaten and other grain which largely •upolement the and three children, Sub-Assietant, Revenue Sur- • 233 North Staffordshire ................ 6,577 7,343
exact. Even with the assistance of two manuscript by the ladies. My room at Hong Kong looked upon then, addressing the candidat-, and renting to her use of fermented bread in other parts of Europe, and veyor •• Mr. H. Millard, wife, and three children, , - 47 North-Western •• •• •• •• •• .. •• •• •• .. 366 837
FromtheLondon Glzette of Last Ni;t. 50 Scottish
volumes of commercial statistics, compiled by one the domesticities of a learned Chinese "teacher," spouse to ask whether the report was true that he, Mr. surpass it is powers of nutriment, England has nothing Sub-Assistant Revenue Surveyor ; Mr Munrood,
-i.__ 32% Scottish Midland •• •••• •• ••• •• •• •••• I '....544
Juniper was the person who made and sold the liquid either in respect of new inventions or immemorial tea- Sub Assistant Revenue Surveyor; Mr. J. Young,
of the two largest mercantile houses in China for his wife, and his child. The exigencies of the East / 29 Shrewsbury and Birmingham ......
21'59225 2:247
S'S hi ch had reduced Mr. Smith to the condition of a beast dith ns that can be placed on a par with them. Sub-Assistant Revenue Surveyor ; Mr. Gabriel, WINDSOR CASTLE, DEC. 21. 48% Shrewsbury and Chester •• •• ........ - .7926 915
their own practical guidance, and very generenslY -open casements and narrow thoroughfares-ten-
-and if the candidate thus adjered felt cons rained to It may be doubted indeed whether aey part of Eu. Lieutenant Powye, wife and child, Executive Engineer ; This day had audience of her Majesty-The Count de 30 Shropshire Union .. •••••••••• • • - .. 2176 1371
given up to my use, I tread this labyrinth of figures dered strict seclusion difficult. Whenever, in mid- - ' ' • is the track in • • Mrs. B owife of Deputy-Commissioner, with sister
Brown o, Platen, Envoy Extraordinary and el' •tPI, • t n 57 South Devon .•• •• .• .. •
•• •• •• •• •• •• .: • '669
. ma er two e -
confess that he eerie my was ihe proprietor of a rather rope on right
301%
with considerable hesitation. night, a more than usually intense sense of suffoca-and child ; Mr. A. Scott, Clerk • Mr. Purcell, Clerk ; Mr. tiary Hem the King of Sweden and Norway, to deliver `its 1 South ou t h Ensa 1 t
ee
sr n:•.••: •• •• •. .......... •. :..:..:•• : -. . 6 , 763 7,09 3
extensive dis ll ,the • # t.wouldnot be and use of cereal products. There is no more painful
ti ery, e in.errup ion
At the end of the commercial year 1854 the tion or a particularly heavy thunder-storm, or a provoking than those which sometimes occur at • Purcell 'un Clerk •Mr Mntl'oo with wife and child
Amoy misgiving on the subject of oar much-vacated civilisation 'i ' ' • ', • •credentials; twhich . h was introduced by tho "
._ , i
South York., Doncaster, and Goole ••
'254 ,124
balance of trade between China and Great Britain specially shrill fit of screaming from the infant or Shanghai. than that which arises from the gradual substitution all Clerk ; Mr. Mutleo, jun., Clerk ; Mr. Elliott, with ta.ther Earl of Clarendon, K. G. her Majesty's Principal &ere- 53 Taff Vale .• •• •• ....•• "•••••••• •• •• 2' 1,442
. 1,412
and moth. r, Clerk ; Mr. Crawford, Clerk ; Mr. Eleming, tary of State for Foreign Affairs. 36 Ulster. •• •••••••••••••••• •• '• ** •• •- 569 1,063
was estimated at 7,900,000 dole. or 2,000,000 stet- Chinaman, or the sharp bite of some mosquito The English • • • • • missionaries meet these things with a over Europe of white bread for brown, or black-a less out of service : Jhansi sth and 6th Juno. Massacred by WINDSOR CASTLE, DEC. 22. 77 Waterford end Limerick •• •• •• •• •• •• 588 573
ling against China. which had eluded my fortifications made me start conet cy a,most 39 bold as the chronol f the Por- wholesome and nutritious kind for one more a°, the mutineers of the lith Native Infantry and 14th Irre-
i her Maje t -His Eiceellency 27 West Cornwall .. ••• • • ...• ••••• •• 375 305.
During the succeeding threeyears the exports to
up in my bed, the same object always presented tu a°
- - ~..
guese pries'. They say that India ienigYn:t England, Justly looked upon as one of the surest tests of an ade afar Cavalry, aided by the Ranee of Jhansi, who fur-
Ferifi''sder 1(1 audience of
than, Ambassador Extraordinary yfrom the Shah 12% Whitehaven Junction .•• • ....w.7...„
682 York and Newcastle, and Ber ek & - ••T
Great Britain have greatly increased. In the corn- iteelf. The lady of the house opposite, with her but a country to whnth hina is indebted for lie two vancing civilisation, does or does not the use of white niched them with armed men. of Persia, to take leave ;to which audience he was intro- York and North Midland & Leeds..
wheaten bread, as ordinarily made imply a d * ' Mr. T K Magistrate of Humeerpore • Mr, '
mercial year 1856-7 the export of teas to England hair full dressed, but otherwise in deshabille- great curses-opium and Buddhism. As to this effect • • . , e.eriora- •T.. K. Loyd, 0 . ' doted by the Earl of Clarendon, K.G., her Majesty'a Prin-
n the staple nourishment of the nations ? Or Grant, Joint Magistrate of Humeerpore : Humeerpere, .
lion i
it . ,FOREIGN. 2,845 2.114
and her colonies was 87,741,0001 b and in the same rather economical than elegant-the simplex with- upon the conversion of the Chinese the suggestion is • 1 cipal Seorotary •of State for Fore]
'go Affairs.
109 Dutch Rhenish • • •• •• • • •• ••
......•• a 365 24,756
• I granting that does so-owing to defects in manufac- 14th June. Murdered by mutineers, wbo are suppose( to
FOREIGN-OFFICE, DEC. 23. 344 Lyons and Mediterranean •• •••• •• •• -I. ....
year the deliveries in England of China silk out the munditiis-was always at her casement, simply absurd •; but it is a weak point in the armour
~, tore or tricks of trade-need it continue to do so ?
have been aided by the R ejah of Chirkaree.
The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Archibald 63 Monterean and Troyes .........• •• •• - _
amounted to 74,215 bales. gravely smoking a bamboo pipe. But for the mos- of controversy, and our missionary countrymen feet is
These are questions hitherto di.m o Captain Burton and his two sons; Political Agent, Ha--
ties° pretty much en Shanks Schaw as Consul at Glasgow;, of Mr. George Nil- - Namur
38,834 55,606
The silk exporting power of China seems to be quito curtains I could almost have stretchel forth very bitterly, amateur, which one day or other society will be calad • '
rowtee • Kotah 15th October. Murdered by the Kotah
Ham Ewen as Vice-Consul in London ; and of Mr. Robert 539 Northern of France •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •
..... -
without limit. Every year we take from her an my hand and lit a cigar from her bowl ; alas ! I At Ningpo I accepted an invitation from the Rev. Mr. on seriously to determine. troops. as Vice .Consul at Falmouth --for
Richards Broad„, jun., , - Orleans and Central .. ..... ........
33 126 25,073
Mr. Salder, Sub-Assistant-Surgeon : Kotah, 15th Oct. 434 Paris and Lyons ....•• •••• ••...... ~._
.....
annually increasing quantity. In 1843 there was could quite taste the flavour of her tobacco, and it Russell, the Church of England missionary priest, and At present the question is vastly more pressing for • M k Mason, Political• Agent, J lb
Captain one on. pore : the Republic of Salvador. - Paris and Rouen. •• .• .• • • ....„ „..
33
889
31
103
not a bale sent home. In 1845 there were 1027 i was not fragrant. the Rev. Mr. Edkine, of the London Mission at &lanai, England than for any other Country ; and for reasons by Abwa, 18th September. Murdered by the, men of ADMIRALTY, DEC. 14. 886 Paris and S'trasburgh •• •• •• •••..... ~.... ,_
i.... 1- r- i 0,,, ~. ___ '
-7 -- I Tf 41,,,,, Joba illiiriarna,.., in ,-1- Ima;..v voaunrimiblo to visit the onium dens of Niorneci city. Commander no means difficult to define. First, the use of white the Joudhpore mutineers, aided by the men of the die. Corps of 13,0Yai Marines-Gentleman Ca let Thomas it ouen and
_II
tof •• .. 26,595 26,01
596 West and North-Wes France

taro to be concealed under a mass of fine senti-
ments.
In China every pragmatical pedant who has a
(From the limo' Special Correspondent.)
SHANGHAI, OCT. 17. certain literary degree has the privilege of me-
Fortssuitely for me my mission to China has in morialising the Emperor. I have waded through
hundreds of these to find only those stupid plati-
it something more than to chronicle the proceed- tudes, those trite commonplaces, those "banalites
-Jugs of the Elgin embassy, or I should have died of sur la morale," as Huc says, which, like the maxims
tillerless. A much higher object is to study upon in Poor Richard's Almanack, pass for deep wisdom
the spot the subject of our trade with this empire, with the vulgar of all nations. The opium question
Ind to labour to discover how commerce may be of course produced a rank crop of these imperti-
aeveLoped and this great region opened up. nences, and some were selected for publication in
It is a task of dull utility. If there be any who
the Pekin Gazette. One of them is reprinted in
look to my letters for amusement I warn them_ to
the blue-book for 1840, and contains that rarest of
Auit my company. I have nothing to show them
all things in these memorials—a fact :
but hard facts and perplexing figures. " From Fuhkein, Kwangtung, Chekeing, Shantung,
First, let me say a few words upon the corpus
Yunnan, and Kweichow memorials have been presented
esthjectum—the region we seek to open.
by the censors and other officers, requesting that probi-
' The 18 provinces of China proper are quite sus- bition should be enacted against the cultivation
&lent for our present purposes. The half-tamed of the poppy and the preparation of opium ; but
.mountaineers of Thibet are six times nearer to Cal- while nominally prohibited, the cultivation has not
matt& than to Pekin. The tribes of Mahomedana been really stopped in those places. Of any of those
who inhabit the vast hill districts to the north of provinces, except Yunnan, I do not praume to
Thitket are to the rich provinces of China Proper speak ; but of that portion of the country I have it in
which lie upon their eastern boundary what the my power to say, that the poppy is cultivated all over
highlands once were to the lowlands of Scotland. the hills and in the open plain, and that the quantity of
Chinese Tartary, lying along the north, is rich only opium annually produced there cannot be less than se-
ise hill and desert. It is to to shat densely peopled veral thousand chests ; and yet we do not see any dimi-
nution in the quantity of silver exported as compared
piece of the globe which lies between the China with any previous period, while, on the other hand, the
13 ea and Tartary, between the Yellow Sea and lack of the metal in Yunnan is double in degree what it
Thibet and Kokonor, that we must look for advan- formerly was. To what cause is this to be ascribed 1
serous relations. To what but that the consumers of the drug are very
This compact mass is about half the size of Eu- many, and that those who are choice *and dainty with
tope, about seven times the size of France, and regard to its quality prefer always the foreign article."
about 15 times the size of our islands. It is about This testimony of Choo Tsun as to the cultiva-
-1,500 miles long and broad. M'Culloch reckons tion of thousands of chests of native opium in one
that in square miles it measures 1,348,870. province alone was given in 1836, while the ver-
Cutting off the surrounding fringe of savage life, million pencil was inditing heroics about the im-
China is still a vast empire, but not so immeasur- morality of foreign opium-growers.
able or so unmanageable as we are accustomed to I can add to this statement that the culture of
conceive it to be. With a railway like our Great opium certainly is not confined to the province of
Western laid down, we might traverse it from north Yunnan. Any one who penetrates intothe amphi-
to south or from east to west in 30 hours. theatreeof mountains which bounds the Ningpo
This country contains 360,279,897: human ores- plain will see valleys upon valleys of fine rich land
turee. The amount need not startle us. If England covered with poppies. The official reports deplore
and Wales were as large as China England and Wales this, but cannot stop it. 'the estimate is that
would contain within one-ninth of the same amount 60,000 chests of opium are annually grown in
of population. If Lombardy were as large as China. This opium is purer and stronger than the
China, Lombardy would contain 360,000,000 also ; Indian opium, but for want of skill in the prepare-
send if Belgium were as large as China, Beligum tion, and patience in keeping, it has an acrid fla-
would contain 400,000,000. Take the average of your.
the whole 18 provinces, and there is nothing in the The English opium trade, even although Indian
figures as they come out. The population as a opium should bapppen to be consumed only by magis-
whole is not excessive. But when we come to traces on the judgment-seat and other distinguished
note the distribution of that population the figures persons, is a [spat thorn in the side of the British mis-
become very remarkable. There is a pressure sionary. The controversy which the Chinese politely
on the Eistern seaboard provinces such as is with- evade finds exercise among the Christians. An English
out parallel in the world. The Chinese coasts missionary related quite recently how he bad met and
which look out towards Japan, and whence a vanquished a Portuguese priest who confronted him in
steal ht a straight sea line might drawn to Aus-
hostile manner in the streets of a northern city. Having
be
no European language in common, and Latin being
tralia, are choked with people, the average for the found to be an inconvenient medium, they dropped
whole empire being 268 in the square mile ; fluently into the Shanghai dialect. The gaping
Kiangsu has 850; its next inland province Anhui, Chinese stood round and wondered, while the priest
has 705; Shantung, to the north on the coast, has accused the English Minister of being about to teach
444 ; the imperial district of Chihli 475 ; and Che- the Chinese a modern heresy, only 100 years old, in-
kiang on the coast, to the south has 671. vented by a wicked king and an abandoned woman ;
After these come those smaller central provinces and while the priest was in his turn twitted with teach-
of Ronan (420) and Hupeh (389), which extend ing an idolatry stolen from the temples of Buddha. We
wards through the centre of the empire, and which have all classes of missionaries here, except only "high"
together with the province of Sz'chuen form the churchmen, whereof I bare met none. The ordained
girdle of China. The eastern part of Sz'chuen clergy in China often abandon their prayor-book, and
would show the same large amount of population ; conduct their service in the Presbyterian form. Some
but the western part joins upon Thibet, and is of the sectarian ministers carry their Protestantism with
mountainous and thinly peopled. a dauntlessness that makes us start or shiver. There
It is very important to our commercial inquiry to ass a reception day some time since at the yamun of
Taoutai of Shanghai city. The Roman Catholic Bishop
remember the lay of the strata of Chinese popula- had just bad hi!, audience, and an uncompromasingProtes-
tion. If we go into the country with our cottons tent of an extreme sect took his place. Now, this Taou-
and our woollens our lace and our hardware, it is tai had the reputation of being a clever, a malicious, and
to the men and women we must go, and not to the a sarcastic man, accustomed to gather all the European
Celestial Mountains and the Sea of Stars. scandal of the settlement, and to cast it into the faces of
Let us remember, then, that the populous dis- the missionaries—Roman Catholic, Catholic, and Pro-
testant. of China, are, first the provinces on the testant. "The bead man of your Christians has just
eastern seaboard—Chihli, "the Imperial pro- gone out," maliciously remarked the Taoutai. "Sir,
wince ;" Shantung, " the province east of the he is not our head man. He is not a Christian at all ;
mountains ;" Kiangsu, "the province of the abun- he is an idolator ; he worships the cross." "And do
not your' asked the innocent Taoutai. "No, Ido not."
dant river;" Chie-kiang, the province of the " And yet if I were to lay the cross on the floor at
meandering river." Secondly, the inland girdle your feat you dare not trample upon it ?" "I would,"
forming provinces Nganhwui, er Anhui, ' the answered the unhesitating Christian missionary. Of
province of peace and plenty ; Ronan, " the pro- course, there must be jealousies and difficulties and
vince south of the river ;" Hupeh, "provinoe 47,870 66,662 heartburnings among men holding such very different
north of the river ; Sz'chuen, " the province o, I h opinions. Even some Americans of the more violently
the four streams." A ave not the station statement for 1856, but hostile sects point out to the Chinese that the English
I shall hereafter have occasion to show that these the total amount was 76,300 piculs, and the value are opium dealers, suppressing the fact that American
provinces so rich in men are those with which we was 30,868,050, or 7,202,5451. Now, this is a very houses are quite as eager in di-puting the profits of the
ought naturally to have the closest relations, that important sum of money spent, no doubt, upon a trade. Sometimes it happens that in the midst of a mis-
they are the most accessible to us, and that with very deleterious drug. Divided among the sionary discourse an cld man comes forward (either
one exception they are the provinces to which we 360,000,000, it is nearly 6d. per head per annum— spontaneously or at some one's iuggestion), and tells the
have hitherto had no access. Canton, with its about one-tenth of what each one average unit of crowd what a good son be once had, and how that
neighbt using provinces of Kwangsi, Kweichow, our 20,000,000 Britons spends in tobacco ; about son kept him. in comfort, bat that he has lately taken
and Yunnan, a- e the most thinly peopled provinces one-sixth of what he spends additionally on gin to. spend all his earnings in opium-smoking, and leaves
in the empire. Kwanetung has only 241 inhabi- and whisky. his father unprovided for. The old gentleman
wishes to know whether it is the countrymen of the
tanta to the-square mile, which is below the aver- It is very wrong of John Chinaman to smoke
"elder teacher" who sell that opium. We must imbue
age ; Kwangsi has 93, Kweichow has 82, and Yun- opium to the extent of 6d. per head per annum ourselves with the exaggerated aoti.ns which the Chinese
nan 52. Contrast these figures with the 850 of But what is he to do ? He detests beer and wine. have of the sacredness of parental despotism to fully un-
Kiangsu and the 705 of Anhui. You may leave an open brandy botile in his custody derstand the effect of such a question. If while a candi-
Such is the country in which we seek to develope for weeks, and it will not evaporate. His own sane- date was acidt easing the electors of the borough of Maine-
our trade. shee is, BO far as I can discover, almost a myth, ex- law, with their wives in general tea-party assembled,
Let me now shortly sketch the resent condition cept as an article to sell to foreign sailors. His vile Mrs. Brown Jones Robinson Smith were suddenly to
p
of that trade. . tobacco is a very miserable debauch. It is used in appear leading in Mr. B. J. R. :smith, staggering in the
It is a subject upon which the data are not very very small pipes by the Men, and is much affected last; stage of maudlin tipsiness—if Mrs. Smith were
exact. Even with the assistance of two manuscript by the ladies. My room at Hong Kong looked upon then, addressing the candidat-, and ['tinting to her
volumes of commercial statistics, compiled by one the domesticities of a learned Chinese "teacher," spouse to ask whether the report was true that be, Mr.
of the two largest mercantile houses in China for his wife, and his child. The exigencies of the East Juniper, was the person who made and sold the liquid
ehich had reduced Mr. Smith to the condition of a beast
their own practical guidance, and very
generously —open casements and narrow thoroughfares—ren-
—and if the candidate, thus adjured, felt cons'rained to
confess
given up to my use, I tread this labyrinth of figures dered strict seclusion difficult. Whenever, in mid- - ess that he certainly was the proprietor of a rather
with considerable hesitation. night, a more than usually intense sense of suffoca- extensive distillery, the interruption would not be more
At the end of the commercial year 1854 the lion or a particularly heavy thunder-storm, or a provoking than those which sometimes occur at Amoy
balance of trade between China and Great Britain specially shrill fit of screaming from the infant or Shanghai.
was estimated at 7900,000 dole. or 2,000,000 ster- Chinaman, or the sharp bite of some mosquito The English missionaries meet these things with a
ling against China, which had eluded my fortifications made me start constancy a!most as bold as the chronology of the Por-
During the succeeding three years the exports to up in my bed, the same object always presented tuguese pries,. They say that India is not England,
Great Britain have greatly increased. In the corn- itself. The lady of the house opposite, with her but a country to whiob China is indebted for her two
mercial year 1856-7 the export of teas to England hair full dressed, but otherwise in deshabille-- great curses—opium and Buddhism. As to this effect
and her colonies was 87,741,0001 b., and in the same rather economical than elegant—the simplex with- upon the conversion of the Chinese the suggestion is
year the deliveries in England of China silk out the munditiis—was always at her casement, simply absurd ; but it is a weak point in the armour
amounted to 74,215 bales. gravely smoking a bamboo pipe. But for the mos- of controversy, and our missionary countrymen feel it
The silk exporting pewer of China seems to be quit() curtains I could almost have stretched forth very bitterly.
without limit. Every year we take from her an my hand and lit a cigar from her bowl ; alas ! I At Ningpo I accepted an invitation from the Rev. Mr.
annually increasing quantity. In 1843 there was could quite taste the flavour of her tobacco, and it Russell, the Church of England missionary priest, and
not a bale sent home. In 1845 there were 10,727 was not fragrant. the Rev. Mr. Edkins, of the London Mission at Sbangai,
bales. In 1855 there were 50,489 bales. 1856 If, then, John Chinaman, not being reasonable, to visit the opium dens of Niogpo city. Commander
showed an increase of 50 per cent. over 1855 ; and will not get drunk, and. if he has small comfort in Dew, of the Nimrod, and several of his officers accom-
the present year, if the stocks on hand are brought to the narcotic which it pleases us to patronise, what paniedi us. d 1 had seen the opium-eaters of Cotan•
we and the Europe, will show an increase of at least 50 per is he to do 1 It is not in his habits to call a temper- t
:nonpienea Smyrna,
ta t and hashish
emaciated
smokersfo rof 8 Caain.d
cent. over the year past. lam informed that if the ance or a teetotal meeting and harangue himself
trembling limbs. I recollected buying a taboosh in the
Chinese succeed iu establishing the prices now and his hearers into a state of excitement which
bazaars of Smyrna from a young Moslem whose palsied
demanded, and in selling all their produce in stock, leaves all other drunkenness far behind—which, hand and dotard bead could not count the coins I offered
the money paid for China silk at Sbanghai during , instead of involving the penalty of sad reaction, is him, I recollected the hashish-smokers of Constantine,
the current year wilt certainly not be less than followed by sweet soothing reports of platform who were to be seen and heard every after-
-10,000,0001. sterling. 20, 40, 60, 90, 140, are speeches, by votive slippers, and by a pleasant con- noon at the bottom of that abyss which yawns
figures of redid progress, yet they represent the sciousness of self-superiority to all other mundane under the " Adultrees's Rack, —lean, fleshless
advance of our silk imports from China. At the creatures. He knows not the civilisation which Arabs, smoking their little pipes of hempseed
prices now paid, you may, I believe, double this la-t teaches means of cheap moral excitement. Our chanting and swaying their skeleton forms to and fro,
quantity in the year to come. Ido not understand, young ladies shall thrill with ecatacy while some shrieking to the wild echoes of the chasm, then sinking
however, that by stimulating the production you dear good man is describing to them the horrors of exhausted under the huge cactus,—sights and sounds of
can greatly decrease the price. We have, I believe, drunkenness, and in the next street some zealous saturnalia in purgatory.
found by experience that however abundant the' surgeon shall electrify his medical class, and throw The Chinese exhibition was sufficiently disgusting,
corn crop may be in America there is a price below I the blood up into his own head, while setting forth but was otherwise quite a failure. These opium den•
are ordinary Chinese cottages, with a room about 12
which it will not be brought down for export, but I with anatomical severity the consequences of tight-
ean be profie ably employed at home ; so of China lacing. But these are the resources of civilised flene t
thesq ufiarreet,
wfurnished
entered with
ibLrhe eambeend,eaat table, and asofa,
upon the bed and
silk. You have to compete as buyers with such an Britons, not of pharisaical Chinamen. two upon the sofa. There was the opium pipe, the
enormous population of home consumers that any Yet there never was found in any age or in any lamp, and the small porcelain cup of treacle-looking
extra production to meet our demands may be clime a tribe, a race, or a nation, which hid nut opium. One of the customers takes the pipe and the
thrown, without great effect, upon the home acme stimulant-in which they habitually indulged.
market. By improving the present faulty system lamp then dips a pin iuto,the opium, turns it round and'
Mrs. Chinaman takes her numeouseus ; her hue- round till he has the. proper quantity of the jellified
of winding you may perhaps make the silk more band varies the same pleasure with an occasional drug, inserts the pin in the pipe, applies the pipe to the
valuable, but if you take treble your ancient whiff of the stronger narcotic. I wish he would flame of the lamp, and at tto same time draws up the
quantities you-must pay treble your former quantity drink beer, or whisky, or gin, or British brandy, vapour by two or three long inhalations—not whiffs,
of silver, and so far increase the balance of trade for they are all recognised means of intoxication for he draws it into his lungs ; then he passes on the
against you. and British raanutacoires. But he stedfestly re- pipe, the opium b ing consumed, and gradually lets the
The rapid increase in our imports from China is fuses—Que voulez vow ?It est fait comme cela. vapour slowly return through his mouth and his no e.
The metrite a of this convivial socie'y were gOod-
a source of unmixed joy to the, merchants of the A Chinaman loves opium as he loves nothing else.
humoured and communicative. One was a chair Cootie,
five ports. Their calculations do not extend beyond The head of a Parsee house at Hong Kong was 80 a second was a petty tradesman, a third was a runner
their-own business. Why should they 1 They send civil as to take me into his warehouse and to open in a mandarin's yamun ' • they were all of that clays of
home the produce anei they receive its value. They two chests of opium, that I might see the drug as urban population which is just above the lowest. They
do not feel the inconvenience occasioned to Europe it passes in commerce. The first consisted of balls, e ere, however, neither emaciated nor infirm. The chair
by a constant and unvarying trade wind, which the size of a large apple dumpling, and when cut Coolie was a sturdy fellow, well capable of taking his
blows semi-monthly cargoes of silver into the ports open the mass was found to be solid ; the other share in the porterage of a 16 stone mandarin, the
of a hoarding nation. Of course the y stimulate the was full of objects which a commander in the navy runner seemed well able to Pun, and the tradesman,
productive power of China so long as they can find not long since ordered his men to return to the who said he was 38 years of l—say, 37, fcr the Chinese
a market for the produce ; and they act from the owners of a captured junk, " Aril% you ashamed, commence to count their age nine months earlier than
- healty instincts of commerce. lam not about my lads, to loot a lot of miserable Dutch cheeses ?" we do—was remembered by all of us to be a singularly
to resuscitate any of the buried heresies which The "Dutch cheeses" were fine Patna opium, worth young looking man for that agde.
oHmethaedesmokedd opium
taught that there ie a distinction between silver about 51. each. They are globes of thick dark jelly, fur
wentseven t, y, enarcs.hinAessewetepeassnerdefnr b
a dirtyPipaamved coact
and
enclosed in a crust not unlike the rind of a cheese.
and gold, and other articles of barter, or to
suggest that a trade between tea and silk on My Parsee acquaintance tapped one with a frag- and „ery
with some small trees and flowers in flowerpots,—
emaciated and yawning proprietor pre-
thement of the iron fastening of a chest, and drew
one side and silver on the other side ought to anted himself. "The man has destroyed himself by
be disfavoured. I only wish to put the fact plainly forth about a spoonful of the evil-smelling drug. opium-smoking," said Mr. Russell. The man being
that such a trade has its inconveniences ; that it It was nut the opium which engaged my attention ; questioned, declares that he had never smoked an
would be much more advantageous to us to pay for it was the effect produced by it upon the Bur- opium pipe in his life,—a bad shot, at which no one
our tea and our silk with goods of our own menu_ rounding Coolies. I never before saw real excite- was more amused than the rev. gentleman who fired it.
fabture, upon which we make a large profit, than ment in a Chinaman's face. I've seen them tried I only take the experiment for what it is worth.
with commodity which is not manufactured by us for their lives and condemned to death, and I've There must be very many moat lamentable specimens
"4 upon which we make little or no fit pro .This seen them test the long-suffering patience of Mr. of the effects of indulgence in this vicious practice,
is doubtless a self-evident although we did not happen to see any of them that
evident truths P ' that
would lutve
_must be paraded now and then if we
roposition but self- Tudor Davies in the Hongkong Police-court, where
gentleman is daily engaged in laborious en- morning. They are not, however, so universal, nor
ut vernment keep them in view and even so common, as travellers who write in support of
make ode deavours to extract truth out of cenflicting lies.
some thesis, or who are not above truckling to popular
qt"`te efforts to enforce them. We cannotobscene to
I've seen. them laugh heartily at an ees re
open up goie _
ua without Government energy andand Iwitness -'
with prejudices in England, are pleased to say they are.
Government expenditur at a singsong, once saw a grin
But if our visit was a failure in one respect, it was
the end is worth tile cost, and we must show that great delight as he unexpectedly recognised his most
c fully instructive in another. In the first house we visited
intimate friend, a tradesman of reputed wealth,
Blue's-Ft Reo.ooos no man spent en an average less than 80 cash a-lay on
among a crowd of prisoners in the dock. But these his opium pipe. One man said be spent 120. The
In 1838 and io 1844 we txporte;it .
wce the Tian_ Coolies, when they saw that opium, opened their chair Coolie spends 80, and his average earnings are 100
tity of worsted stuffs that we eapoited last year ; horizontal, slit-shaped eyes, till they grew round cash a-day. English physicians, unconnected with the
in 1852 four times the amount of eamlete. The long. and starting, their limbs, so lax and limpid when missionary. societies, have assured me that the C ails
ells have fallen off from an averaf% r
have sunkfr 15- 9°,000 to *not in actual strain of labour, were stiff from ex- opium-smoker dies, not from opium, but from starvation.
36,642. The woollens
cottons
1836 to 38,553. printed vibrate
from 68,042 ia citement, every bead was pressed forward, every If he starves himself for his pipe, we need not a.,k what
with a hand seemed ready to clutch. There was a pussi- happens to his family.
somewhat higher average in later years,
a .laree de
but Printed bility that it wou!d be put down upon the window- No earthly power can stop opium-smoking in China;
cottons and cotton twist show
'suddcernea" sill near which we ware standing. I could see the but if the people of England are earnest in wishing to
since 1853. While I write there is a . de- shadow of fingers ready to slide in• it was almost stop the English trade in it, nothing is easier than to do
wand for English cottons at remunerativepriete, certaint that it would be thrown aside—there was so by far less of self-sacrifice than the opium smoker
liot.e of an opium debauch gratis, and this was
but both the demand and the price now obtained he
partial the State would be obliged to exercise. Let the old ladies give
are temporary. The first arises From the _ of mind that hope created. up tea and the young ladies give up silk, and the thing
againet this passion for opium. I doubt
failure of the cotton crop in China : thesecond arms The Cliiiieso Governments have long ceased to is done. If the Chinese had again to pay for opium in
from a cause to which I shall have occasion more strivesilver they would grow it all at home, and look sharp
after the foreign smuggler, At present. the trade
. is as
whethertimethey ever really did strive against it. At open and as unrestrained in all the cities of China as the
particularly to refer hereafter—the alteration in
the relative value
is the between silver and copper cash. one , when, the balance of trade was against
was drawing the Sycee silver out of London.
sale of hot-cross buns on Good Friday is in the streets
The consumer "up country" is prepared to pay China, the opium
as a matter of
the same quantity of cash for i.is cottons which he of the country, and Lin thoughtstte it absolutely ne- Those u Ifortunate fine sentiments of Mr. Cemmissioeer
policyjoiepthossutrofpinethoef Lin cost tt e Chit e e Treasury a very haunsome source
used to pay, and, P.B these cash are now worth so cesiary.
.I. Chinese official •
much more La dollars, the Chinese merchant can traffic, of revenue. When the drain of sycee these steatite, nta
good or evil, they are ter- became only expensive enooralarance
airord to give higher prices in that metal which is ' diplo y
mac ; he his deeds
Se It is acaueng

(From the Spectator.)
The English are a great people ; the 19th century is
a great century. No question of that. The bitterest
enemies of both or either are yearly compelled more
frankly to do homage to the achievements which mark
them out as different from all other races and all previ-
ous centuries. In innumerable respects, too, there is a
sort of partnership in this greatness. A peculiar people
and a peculiar time play, se to say, into each other's
hands, and contribute to make each other what they
are. But all strength has its weakness, all greatness
has its drawbacks. There are things in which this no-
table and progressive age has not shown itself progres-
sive ; and some of these in regard to which England
lags behind most civilised nations —possibly even behind
some that do not boast to be civilised—as much as she
outruns them in other respects.
Exempli gratia, let us take what in this country is
called " the staff of life"—in France, still more expres-
sively, "la benediction de Dieu." The process of bread-
making does not appear to have altered much since the
time of the Pharaohs ; and such improvements as have
been made England has been the slowest to adopt.
English bread in the astonishment and despair of foreign
ers, continental bread the constant theme of travellers'
praise ; while as regards those collateral preparations of
wheaten and other grain which largely Fupnlement the
use of fermented bread in other parts of Europe, and
surpass it in powers of nutriment, England has nothing
either in respect of new inventions or immemorial tra-
ditii ns that can be placed on a par with them.
It may be doubted, indeed, whether aey part of Eu-
rope is on the rght track in respect of the manipulation
and use of cereal products. There is no more painful
misgiving on the subject of our much-vaunted civilisation
than that which arises from the gradual substitution all
over Europe of white bread for brown, or black—a less
wholesome and nutritious kind for one more so.
Justly looked upon as one of the surest tests of an ads
vancing civilisation, does or does not the use of white
wheaten bread, as ordinarily made, imply a deteriora-
tion in the staple nourishment of the nations ? Or
granting that it does so—owing to defects in manufac-
ture or tricks of trade—need it continue to do so ?
These are questions hitherto discussed pretty much en
amateur, which one day or other society will be wiled
on seriously to determine.
At present the qnestian is vastly more pressing for
England than for any other country ; and for reasons her
no means difficult to define. First, the use of while
bread is the rule in England; and is rapidly becoming so
in Ireland and Scstland ; while in most other countries
it is little more than the exception. Secondly, the pro-
cesses of English breadmaking are inferior and adultera-
tions of the material more glaring. Thirdly, English
wheat is unquestionably deficient in gluten, its chief
nutritive element, compared with contineotal wheats
grown in warmer climates ; nor can the importation r f
foreignsupply this defect.
Fourthly, less use than most
other races of the preparations of grain, and sometimes
what i 3 defective in the bread-
the " staff of life," Oatmeal,
oort bly, wheatsth Englishmore than
m ako much
partially
oo of roots,
other
countriesb ieh
barley, meal, maccaroni, polenta, hominy, haricot beans,
lentils, we might also say potatoes, are mere luxuries ur
accessories of the table in England ; while in other
which supply
as the
countries they are staples of food, and make the mass of
the population comparatively independent of variations
in the price or defects in the quality of wheaten bread.
Fifthly, theme is much less home grinding and home
breadmaking in England than in any other country, and
consequently the mischief done by such adult, rations as
are prevalent has a much wider scope. This last pecu-
liarity, like the first, is the natural and inevitable result
of improved facilities of intercourse, greater division of
employments, and the predoininsnco of a town popula
tion. The others are of older standing, and more bound
up with the peculiarities of our climate and character.
We are not require to enter into the somewhat trite,
but still very far from exhausted discussion, how the alum
and other ingredients with which bread is adulterated
injure the health of the ipopulation, and they tend
in the lung run to detriorate the race. There is the less
occasion to do so just now, because if some sanguine
people are to be credited we are on the eve of a revolu-
tion in breadmaking which will effect all that is required,
and rid us for ever, by one and the same process, at once
of the adulterations of the material and defects in the
baking, which bave hitherto had such a baneful effect
on the health of the people. Since, some 25 years ago,
an enterprising company erected a large factory in Pim-
lico with the view of utilising the alcohol that is gene-
rated in the process of baking, we do not remember that
any proposed improvement in tt e manufacture has ex-
cited so much attention as that recently invented by
Dr. Dauglisb, and carried out on an extensive scale by
Messrs. Carr and Co., Carlisle.
No doubt, if the invention succeed, the revolution will
be a thorough and decisive one. Hitherto all the
im-
provements proposed in breadmaking have either taken
for granted the necessity of fermentation, or sought to
replace it by some she meal prooese of which the harm-
lessness was, to say the least, exceedingly question 1191
Dr. Dauglish goes more effectively to wore, and, by a
simple enough adaptation of processes familiar for other
uses, dispenses with all recourse either to the brewer or
the chemist, and undertakes to produce bread of a qua•
lity superior to any that is made, without any other
ingredient than flour, Water, and salt. There are few
articles of consumption that have seemingly less analogy
than bread and soda-water or other effervescing liquors ;
but Dr. Dauglish's Patent is pretty much the same step
in the process of breadmaking that was gained by using
a macbine to charge liquids with carbonic acid gas.
me flour is placed in a strong iron vessel somewhat
similar to a Papin's digester, and moistened with
aerated water from an adjacent condenser. Then, for
the brief period of eight minutes the dough is
kneaded by machinery inside the vessel. The vessel is
thee opened nod the gas contained in water with which
the flour has been mixed, lit,erating itself when the
pressure is withdrawn, instantaneously expauds the flour
to five or 'ix times its previous bulk ; and behold,
the raising of the dough, so tedious and laborious
by the old methods, is completed I The process is un-
deniably a rapid one. Its other anvantages are set forth
by the patentees as follows :
" 1. There is a saving of the whole of the waste caused
by fermentation, which averages fully 10 per cent. Thus
10 per cont. more bread is made out of a sack of flour than
by the old process. 2. The process, instead of occupying
eight or ten hours, i
Completed iu half an hour. 3. The
cost of machinery and gas is hiss than that of yeast used in
the old process. 4, The dough requires scarce,y any hand-
ling to form it into loaves. 5. The bread is absolutely
pure ; it is simply flour, water, and salt. Finally, should
the whole of the bread in the kingdom be thus made, a
saving would be effected of an amount equal to our entire
importations of foreign wheat."
VoUlcl all these advaotages be realised, there would

Sergeant Fitzgerald : Hansi.
Mr. Cockerel], Joint Magistrate : Banda. Cut down by
Nawab's Sowars.
Mr. Bruce, Mr. Brinsum, in the Banda Nawab's service.
Reported by the Nawab as murdered.
Capt. A. Bkene, with his wife anti two children, Super-
intendent ; Lieut. F. D. Gordon, Deputy Superintendent ;
Mr. T. Andrews, P. S. Ameen ; Mr. R. Andrews, with
his wife and four children, Deputy Collector and Deputy
Magistrate ; Mr. W. S. Carshore, wife and four children,
Collector of Customs ; Mr. Wetton, wife, child, and two
sisters, Patrol ; Mr. Orr, wife and mother, Superintendent
of Customs ; Capt. J. Dunlop, 12th Native Infantry ; En-
sign S. B. Taylor, 12th Native Infantry ; Lieut. W. C. L.
Ryves, 12th Native Infantry ; Dr. McEgan, wife, and sis-
ter, 12th Infantry ; Newton, wife, and four children,
Quartermaster-Sergeant; Lieut. Campbell, and another
cavalry officer, 14th Irregular Cavalry ; Sergeant
Ryley, Overseer Publics Works ; Capt. F. J. Burgess, Re-
venue Surveyor ; Lieut. Turnbull, Assistant Revenue
Surveyor; Mr. D. T. Blyth, wife, brother-in-law,
and three children, Sub-Assistant Revenue Sur-
veyor; Mr. H. Millard, wife, and three children,
Sub-Assistant Revenue Surveyor ; Mr Munrood,
Sub-Assistant Revenue Surveyor; Mr. J. Young,
Sub-Assistant Revenue Surveyor ; Mr. Gabriel,
Lieutenant Powys, wife and child, Executive Engineer ;
Mrs. Browne, wife of Deputy-Commissioner, with sister
and child ; Mr. A. Scott, Clerk ' • Mr. Purcell, Clerk • Mr.
Purcell, jun., Clerk; Mr. Mntloo, with wife and Child,
Clerk ; Mr. Mutleo, jun., Clerk; Mr. Elliott, with father
and moth. r, Clerk ; Mr. Crawford, Clerk ; Mr. Fleming,
out of service : Jhansi, sth and 6th Juno. Massacred by
the mutineers of the 12th Native Infantry and 14th Irre-
gular Cavalry, aided by the Ranee of Jhansi, who fur-
nished them with armed men.
Mr. T. K. Loyd, Magistrate of Humeerpore ; Mr.
Grant, Joint Magistrate of Humeerpore : Humeerpore,
14th June. Murdered by mutineers, who are supposed to
have been aided by the R .jah of Cbirkaroe.
Captain Burton and his two sons; Political Agent, Ha-
rowtee Kotah, 15th October. Murdered by the Kotah
troops.
Mr. Sadder, Sub-Assistant-Surgeon : Kotah, 15th Oct.
Captain Monek Mason, Political Agent, Joudhpore :
Ahwa, 18th September. Murdered by the, men of
the Joudhpore mutineers, aided by the men of the dis-
affected Thakoors.
Mr. Neilson, Veterinary Surgeon : Ferozepore, 19th
August. Throat cut from ear to ear by the mutineers of
the 10th Cavalry.
Major Spencer and the Quartermaster-Sedate:it, 26th
Native Infantry ; Mean Meer, 30th Julya Attacked by
the men of the regiment Find murdered, along with the
Havildar-Major and Soobadar
Brigadier Brind, Commanding at Sealkote : Sealkote,
9th July. Killed by mutineers of 9th Light Cavalry.
Dr. James Graham, Superintending Surgeon ; Dr. J. C.
Graham, Medical Storekeeper : Sealkote, 9th July. Shot
dead by mutineers of the 9th Light Cavalry, in their car-
riages' in presence of their female relatives.
Captain Bishop, 45th Native Infantry : Sealkote, 9th
July. Murdered by mutineers of the 9th Light Cavalry.
Rev. J. Hunter, with wife and child, Missionary : Seal-
kote, 9th July. Murdered by an Hindoostanee Peon, who
bad formerly been a Jemadar of Magistrate's Chuprassees,
but reduced for bad conduct.
No. 3.

List of Europeans, whether belonging to the East India
Company's Service or not, who have baen killed or
wounded by the hands of rebels. Prep .red from papers
on record in the Home Department, Calcutta.
Lieut.-Col. Finnic, 11th N. I.; Mrs. Chambers, Captain
Macdonald and his wife, Captain Taylor, Lieut. Hender-
son, Liout. Pattie, 20th N.I. ; Lieut. hlacnabb, Veteri-
nary-Surgeon Phillips, Veterinary-Surgeon Dawson, his
wife and children, 1d Light Cavalry ; Captain Fraser,
Sappers and Miners ; Mr. Tregear, Inspector in the E lu-
cational Department—killed at Meerut by th 9 mutineers,
10th May.
Lieut.-Col. Hogge, Artillery; Dr. Christie, 3d Light
Cavalry t—wounded at Meerut by the mutineers, 10th
May.
S. Fraser, Esq., Commissioner and Agent ; Captain
Douglas, commanding the Palace Guards; Rev. M. Jen-
nings, Chaplain ; Miss Jennings, Miss Clifford ; other Eu-
ropean and Christian residents, names not given ;—killed
by the rebels at Delhi, 11th May.
Captain Corfield, 9th N. 1.; wounded at Etawah, by a
party of rebel Native Cavalry in the attempt to seize them,
16th May.
13riganier Sibl,ald, C. 8., Brigadier Bareilly Division ;
Ensign Tucker, 68th N. 1.; Dr. Hay, Doctor Bareilly Di-
vision • Mr. Robertson, C.S., Judge ; Mr. Orr, Deputy
C ; Mr. Raikes, C.S., Additional Sessions Judge ;
Dr. Buch, Educational Inspector ; Mr. Aspinall's whole
family (Mr. Aspinall was an Uncovenanted Assistant) ;
killed in the mutiny at Bareilly, May 31.
Mr. Wyatt; Mr. Lawrence, Retired Clerk of the Com-
missioner's Office, and his family of children ; supposed to
have been killed in the mutiny of Bareiily, May 31.
Sergeant Staples, Bareilly Briga le ; murdered while
flying from Bareilly.
Mr. Mordaunt Rickette, C S., Rev. Mr. M`Calluno,
Presbyterian Minister, and Mr. Smith, officials and inha-
bitants of Shabjehanpore—killed by the mutineers in the
outbreak at Shabjehanpore, May 31.
Lieut. ;Hutchinson, Quartermaster of the 17th N. 1.;
shot at Azimgurh by Madho Singh, a Sepoy of the Light
Company of the 17th N. 1., June 3. This man owed Lieut.
Hutchiuson a grudge.
Sergeant Lewis, Quartermaster-Sergeant of the 17th
Native Infantry : Azimgurh; dangerously wounded by
the mutineers of the 17th N. 1., 3d June.
Lieutenant Mara, commanding the two companies of
the Loodiana Regiment of Sikhs : shot in the chest while
walking in the verandah of the Critcherry at Jounpore, in
which place the European inhabitants had taken refuge
against a party of sopoy mutineers, sth June.
Mr. B. R. Cuppage, C.S., assistant magistrate, shot in
the back at Jounpore. He was discovered lifeless on his
face by the party who quitted the Catcherry, sth June.
Sergeant Big wood, 13th Irregular Cavalry—Sergeant
Bigwood was with the fugitive party from Jounpore, but
was killed while going to get some papers from his house,
sth June.
Mr. Thriepland, Deputy Collector of Jounpore, and his
wife. Mr. and Mrs. Thrieplaud and two children were
hid in one of the Court chuprassees houses, ;Jut were be-
trayed and shot by some sowers 6th June.
Lieut. Alexander, 6th N.I. ; ;hot throagh the heart and
sabred at Allababad, while striving to make his men do
their duty, June 6
Captain Birch, Fort Adjutant; murdered at Allahabad,
during the night, June 6.
Mr. Cheek, an Unposted Cadet; died at Allahabad, of
wounds inflicted by the mutineers of the 6th N.I. He
was, with other prisoners in their hands, rescued by the
British troops, on the 16th Juno, but died that night in
the fort. _

ADMIRALTY, DEC. 14.
Corps of Royal Marines—Gentleman Ca let Thomas
Palmer Norton to be Lieutenant.

COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORDS LIEUTENANT
Queen's Own Reyal Regiment of Glasgow and Lower
Waid of Lanarkshire Yeomanry Cavalry—George Camp-
boll, late Captain lst Royal Dragoons, to be Captain, vice
Sir Archibald J. Campbell, Bart., resigned ; Quaater.
master John Howie Paterson tube Cornet, vice Middleton,
promoted.
2d Royal Lanarkshire Militia—Chas. Roger, Gent., to
be Ensign, vice Mariette, promoted.
6th Regiment of Royal Lancashire Militia—Joshua
Paul Barker, Gent., late of the 44th Regt. of Foot, to be
Lieutenant, vice Lomax, resigned.
3d Regiment of the Duke of Lancaster's Own Royal
Lancashire Militia—Francis Law, Gent., to be Ensign,
vice Hicks, promoted.
4th or Duke of Lances' er's Own (Light Infantry) Regi-
ment of Royal Lancashire Militia—William Upton Slack,
Gent., to be Ensign.
Royal Sherwood Foresters or Nottinghamshire Regiment
of Militia—Loftus John Rolleston, Gent.; to be Ensign.
MEMORANDUM. —The Commission of Ensign Alfred
Selby, dated March, 18)6, has been cancelled.
Light Infantry Battalion of the Royal Sussex Militia—
Anthony, Walmesley, Gent., late Lieutenant 731 Foot, to
be Lieutenant, vice Meek, promoted ; Pargiter Malvoisie
Dickenson, Gent., to be Ensign.
i Royal South Gloucester Light Infantry Regiment of
Militia—Francis William Fitzhardinge Berkeley, Esq., to
be Honorary Colonel.
Royal North Gloucester Regiment of Militia —Nathaniel
Frederick Ellison. Esq., to be Captain.
The Galloway Rides—Wm. Robinson Lodge, Gent., to
be Lieutenant, vice Erasmus Gower, appointed to the 12th
Lancers.
Northamptonshire Militia--Lieut. Robert. Jas. D'Arcy
to be Captain, vice Capt. Drury Wake, resigned.
[The following Appointment is substituted for that
which appeared in the Gazette of the let December inst.)
Northamptonshire Militia—Ensign Charles Jeunins to
be Lieutenant, vice William Evans, removed.

COPYRIGHT OF' PICTIIRRE4.—the committee of th
Society of Arts for considering this subject held their
first meeting on Thursday last. There were present Sir
C Eastlake, P.R.A., the President of the Society of
British Artists, the President of the Society of Painters
in Water Colonrs, the President of the Portland Gallery,
Dr. R Blaine, C. W. Dilke, R. Fenton, W. Fladgate,
G. Godwin, F.R S., J. Leighton, F.S.A., and R. Red.
grave, R. A. It is understood that the committee are
desirous of obtaining particulars of individual cases as
illustrations of the injury arising from the want of legal
protection in the way of copyright in works of fine art.
[Anvitarisaurgr.]—The following are some out of many
th iusand extraordinary cures without medicine effected by
Du Barry's delicious Health-Restoring Revalenta Arabica
Food of Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation,
Nervous, Bilious, and Liver complaints, Cough, Asthma,
Consumption, and Debility : Cure No. 41,617.—Winchester,
Dec. 3, 1847.--Gontlemen,—l am happy to be able to inform
you that the person for whom your Revalenta was procured
has derived very great benefit from its use ; distressing
symptoms of dropsy, dyspepsia,• and constipation of long
standing have been removed, and a feeling of restored health
m a
i n llucieodn.e
d ca Havingsel
n withth ecbo beneficial effects
recom imn
recommend
de
it,ab above.
shall have much pleasure in doing so whenever an opportu-
nity offers, die., dio.—James Shorland, lato Surgeon 296th
Regiment. Cure No. 52,422.—Bridgehouse, Frimley, April
3, 1854.—Thirty-three years diseased lungs, spitting of blood,
liver derangement, deafness, singing in the ears, constipation,
debility, shortness of breath and cough, have been removed
by your Revalenta Arabica. My lungs, liver, stomach, head and
ears aro all right, my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a mar•
vel to all my acquaintances.—James Roberts, wood merchant
Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of
Chemistry, Dr. Andrew Ure ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ;
Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurseseurt carriage
;wD In
fall gr a
Lord Stuart de Decies; the Dowager Countess of Cast e.
h
stuart ; Major-Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable
persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all Jther
means
;
12o1fb, cure22s hadTh failed. Suitably
canistersre
paoked
atructions. In canisters, 11b, 2s. 9d. ; 21b, 4s. 6d. ;
fa ee,
ou receipt of Post-Office order.—Barry Du Barry, de Co.,
77, Regent-street, London. IMPORTANT CAuriox against the
fearful dangers of spurious imitations : —The Vice-Chancel-
lor , Sir William Page Wood, granted an Injunction on the
10th March, 1854, against Alfred Hooper Nevill, for imitating
• Du Barry's Revalenta Arabic% Food."

BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED.
Charles John Mara, shipbuilder, Blackwall.
John Otto Willman Fabart, snip chandler, Liverpool.
ford,
Savas Caracazzaui, merchant, Manchester.
BANKRUPTS.
James Eddy, iron
Feb.
Edward-street Court
ford,
Bankruptcy.
Jan. 7, at twelve, and Feb. 6, at eleven, at the Court
Halifax, Jan. 11, at
li Leeds District Court.
Robert Eastburn, dyer an 1 stover, Halifax, Jan. 8 and
5 allnyFryebJe4h,natLoone,o,satotntehme acsoonar,tGofuißldafnekrrda,plucyrr,ey, Jan.
Feb. 12, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court.
C. and T. Topharn, dyers, York, Jan. 8 and Feb. 12, at
eleven, at the Leeds District Court.
Robert Henry Adamson, scrivener, York, Jan. 8 and
Feb. 12, at eleven (not January as before advertised), at
the Leeds District Court.
twelve, William
andfiFoerbs.faBl,l,
at
totton sloven,sp spinner,
tehr
John Eccles, Edward Eccles, and Alexander Eccles,
cotton brokers, Liverpool, Jan. 8 and Feb. 0, at eleven, at
the Liverpool District Court.
James Howard and Charles Howard, silk manufacturrrs'
Macclesfield, Jan. 4. and Feb. 1, at 12, at the Manchester
District Court.
E lward Reaston, lodging-bouse keeper, , r
-
York-
shire, Jan. 18 and Feb. 16, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court.
_ ___ _ _ _ _ _

Edward Lindsay Bakcr, ship broker, Liverpool, Jan. 8
and 29, at eleven, at the Liverpool Distliet Court.
James Hasell, candle manufacturer, Bristol, Jan. 5 and
Feb. 2, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court.
Thomas Taylor and John Sanger, indigo manufacturers,
Soundwell, Gloucestershire, Jan. 4 and Feb. 1, at eleven,
at the Bristol District Court.

Thomas Roe, machine builder, Nottiug'uam, Jan. 11 and
Feb. 4, at half-past ton, at the Shiro-hall, Nottingham.
John Porter, lace manufacturer, 011 Radford, Jan. 14
and Fob. 4, at half-past ten, at the Shire-hall, Notting•
ham.

Georgo Hamilton, cotton spinner, Bacilli, Lancashire.
Jan. 5 and Fob. 2, at twelve, at the Manchester District
William Rnbinson Urwin, iron merchant,by
Court.
upon-Tyne, Jan. 8,
one, at the Royal Arcalo, Newcastlo-upon-Tyne•
Court of Bankruptcy.
Dyne, builders, Croydon, Jan.
at half past cloven,
,C oFu
Finsbury,
s. and Feb.
Jan. J a mi; et s
and Brown,Feb.
2, a t innkeeper,elev e ADV., ha
tale
they ll3arai (ni go
he e
sand,tNejraeß.D.uci xasstst:toilance
tt,
Court.
William and James Doan, atone masons, llabergham
Eaves, near Btfrnlcy, Lancashire, Jan. 5 and Feb. 2, at
eleven, twelve,lvilli
aaamnt
dt ManchesterleFiTeeenbi.ti2n,gas
Jennings,
onaeb:Dar
at
aatt,hrhiecetr
John Dyne and, sydioy

Mr. R. Tucker, C.S., Judge. The native deputy collec-
tor of Futtehpore, Heknintoollah Khan, headed the rebel-
lion there, and caused Mr. Tucker to bo tshot, June.
Mr. Keymer, employed on the railway, and his wife
and children. Darya() Sing, a Zemindar of the Futteh•