The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-05 00:00:00

THE PREVENTION OF CRIME.

LETTER IV.
TO THE RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE GREY,
BART., M.P., &e. &e.
Sir,—Let me then examine, by this test the expe-
diency of adopting a judicious system or trausporta
non, or of abolishing it and establishing in its stead
the best penitentiary plan which has been or can be
(levised; and I will do this truthfully, tcking every
thing i❑ favour of the prisoner released from the
penitentiary, which its warmest advocates would

Suppose one coming from the prison, sincerely
convinced of the wickedness and the folly of a crimi-
nal career, who had spent the period of his confine-
ment in the moat exemplary manner, and had received
certificates of userit from every official; he had been
brought no as a butler, and his crime was stealing
his master's plate. He applies to numerous persons
for a similar situation, the only one for which he is
qualified, truthfully states his guilt, his sincere re-
pentance, and produces his certificates.
In vain—no one will employ him ; but having
heard that your butler has suddenly died, knowing
that as Home Secretary you can learn every thing
respecting his conduct, he ventures to ask you to
give him the vacant situation. Say that you believe
you would he setting society a good example by em-
ploying a reclaimed convict, that you propose giving
him the situation, and trusting to him that which
you value beyond price, your ancestral plate.
Ii you were to appoint him, would you have done
your duty. I say, No. The appointment of a re-
claimed convict, in a country thickly peopled, anxious
to obtain employment, deprives an honest, nun of the
jest reward of his good conduct. Consider, Sir
George Grey, the position of that man, educated in
your household because he was one of the many
children of an honest and industrious couple residing
on your property, or in its immediate neighbourhood.
His parents had struggled hard for many years to
obtain homely food and coarse clothing for themselves
and their family. Toiling early and late, and eating
the bread of carefulness, they succeeded in rearing
their family without begging from their neighbours
or from their parish, and their children have repaid
them in the only way parents deserve to be repaid, for
they are respected in their several situations, and the
eldest, the hope and the flower of the flock, has done
his duty to you, and expects modestly, yet justly ex-
pects, to be appointed to the vacant situation.
I again ask you, Sir George Grey, would you have
done your duty by disappointing such expectation,
and giving the situation to the reclaimed convict ?
I believe that your reply would be, that such a step
would never have entered into your mind, and such
will be the answer of society. Every employer will
have the same feeling for his goods as yon have for
your plate, and will prefer trusting them to one who
has not been convicted of crime.
Yes, and such ought to he the feeling of society in
this country, teeming with population anxious to be
employed, every one surrounded by distressed, and
struggling, and deserving objects. Here there is no
room for the reclaimed convict, however sincere may
be his repentance. What then is lie to do ? He will
not commit crime ; employment he cannot obtain.
There are only two resources between him and star-
vation, crime or parish relief. He chooses the latter;
and such is the end of your reclaimed convict under
your vaunted penitentiary system.
But that man in a colony, under a judicious sys-
tem of transportation, would have become a valuable
member of society ; his reformation would be known
to his future employers, who would eagerly desire his
services at much higher wages than if he had been sent
from a penitentiary at home, with hundreds besides, all
duly supplied with proper certificates; for in a colony
the respective position of the employer and the em-
ployed is exactly the reverse of what it i 3 at home.
Hare it is the party who desires employment who is
compelled to seek it, often with wearied footsteps,
of:en unsuccessfully; there it is the employer who
has to make an anxious and careful search after, not
the most eligible, but the least unworthy of those
who desire to be employed.
It now, Sir George Grey, will remain w4h your-
self and the public to judge whether the facts to
which I have drawn your attention, and the observa-
tions I have made, do not prove beyond a cavil. the
truth of the following propositions :-
1. That it would be an act of kindness to a crimi-
nal to transport him for life upon the commission of
his second offsnce.

2. That such punishment would be a great preven-
tive against crime.
3. That the evils hitherto attendant upon transpor-
tation have arisen from the badness of the plan pur-
sued, and are not inherent in the system.
4. That a judicious system of transportation would
be of the greatest benefit to an infant colony.
5. That a judicious system of transportation would
produce more beneficial efEcts on the convict, the
' mother country, and the colony than any penitentiary
plan which has been devised.
The judicious system of transportation which I
propose would be to send out criminals before the
great majority of them were hardened in crime; and
let the penitentiary be in:the colony, where the con-
vict who is desirous of pursuing an honest course will
effect his reformation under the cognizance of his
future employers ; where the convict is incorrigible
he will be confined longer than the period to which
he was condemned, and kept to hard labour, without
any fear that such labour or the proceeds thereof will
enter into competition with that of the honest and
industrious man.

" Lasciate ogni speranza voi ch'entrate" should
never be inscribed over the doors of any prison, even
for the most wicked, for among these there are de-
grees of guilt, and of character, known only to the
Almighty. If it be wisdom to build a bridge of gold
for a flying enemy, it is no less so to hold out hopes
of an amelioration of circumstances to the most ob-
durate, provided they change their course.
The most severe discipline, without the least mix-
ture of cruelty, may be so administered that the most
depraved criminal shall feel that the law administers
punishment, not for vengeance's sake, but for refor-
mation, and that his continued good conduct will be
rewarded, not by a relaxation of discipline, which
would probably occasion a relapse, but by indul-
gencies inexpensive to society, grateful to himself,
and tending to his reformation.
The only weighty objection to a system of trans-
portation, "That it lays a pernicious foundation fur
future communities," is undoubtedly true when ap-
plied to the system we have adopted, but will be
found totally inapplicable to that which I recommend ;
for I keep constantly in view the broad and indis-
putable fact, that a proper convict system is incom-
patible with a numerous free population; and that
neglect, or ignorance, of the importance of this fact
has been one of the principal causes of the disastrous
circumstances by which the question is surrounded.
While, therefore, the colony remained a convict one
the free settlers should be agricultural only. No
town, no village, no shop—every article required by
the settlers, either imported or produced by the con-
vict, should be sold at a Government store, at a profit,
but a small one ; thus would be removed from the re-
'untied convict the numerous temptations at present
thrown in his way.
I have the honour to remain, Sir,
Your very obedient and faithful servant,
RIGBY WASON.

Corwar, Oct. 26, 1850.

AMERICAN NEWS.

The accounts from New York this week describe
the money market as again easier, the rate upon the
best securities being .5 per cent. The general signs
also of confidence and activity were undiminished,
while as regards the cotton crop there were improved
prospects, owing to a continuance of propitious
weather. From California the dates are to the 15th
of September, being fourteen days later, and the
further arrival at New York and New Orleans of
gold-dust amounting altogether to about 500,0001.,
was regarded as giving the best proof of the correct-
ness of recent anticipations. The details furnished
on this occasion from the various mines are all of a
similar character to those brought by the previous
mail. New discoveries of " dry diggings" continued
to be made, and this, coupled with the introduction
of machinery in the districts of the gold-bearing
quartz, would keep the production up to a: high
rate even after the setting in of the wet MOOD.
A run had occurred upon the banking-houses
at San Francisco, which had grown into a panic,
and has caused the stoppage of four firms, their names
being Henry M. Naglee, Simmons, Hutchinson, and
Co., Henry Howison, and Farley, Johnson, and Co.
The first of these is described as " one of the oldest"
of the San Francisco bankers. Other houses were
run upon—some to a considerable amount, but they
Lad stood their ground, and at the departure of the
steamer the rush was subsiding. A Mr. King, a Mr.
Plume, and Wells and Co. appear
is said
sustained the
greatest demand. M
Air. Plume, it said in the Alta
California, " acted like a man and a banker. He
posted up a notice that he would keep open to accom-
modate the public until six o'clock (an hour later
than usual), and also that his bank would be open on
Sunday." From the picture given of the crowds that
besieged the various establishinants, and which are
said to have resembled the gatherings at the Post-
office after the arrival of a steamer, it may be consi-
dered creditable to the general management of these
firms that the failures were so few.

THE LATE CUTTING AND MAIMING CASE AT PATtI.
—BATH, Nov. 4.—The prisoner Ogle Wallis was brought
up before the magistrates at the Guildhall, Bath, for deal
examination to-day. Mr. Coplestone, who appeared very
weak, and was accommoda:ed with a chair while giving
his evidence, gave a detail of the facts of the case as they
have already appeared. At the conclusion of his evidmce,
Mr. Hollings, his attorney, said he should not press the case
of cutting and wounding, but go simply for the common as-
sault ; nor should he call any other evidence. The magis-
trates, therefore, at once adjudicated upon the case, and
fined the prisoner 51., which was paid. A suspicion that a
comprouaise bad.beennade created great dissatisfaction out
Of dem with Una declaim.

NEW ORDERS IN CHANCERY.
The New General Orders and Rules for regulating
the practice and further facilitating the administration
ofjustice in the High Court of Chancery, dated the 2d
day of November, 1859, issued by the Lord Chancellor,
in pursuance of the Act of the last session of Parlia-
ment, intituled " An Act to diminish the delay and ex-
pease of proceedings in the High Court of Chancery in
England," and which came into operation on tho first
day of Michachnas Term, arc as follows:
I. The several orders comprised in the general order
of the 3d of April, 1828, which are respectively num-
bered 7,9, and 10; and the order comprised in the
general order of the 21st of December, 1833, which is
numbered 19 ; and the order comprised in the general
order of the 9th of May, 1839, which is numbered 6; and
the several orders or parts of orders comprised in the
general order of the Bth day of May, 1845, which are
respectively numbered as the 2d article of the 14th of
the said order : and the €tb, 7th, Bth, 9th, 20th, 2 bt.
22d, 93d, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, and
31st articles of the 16th of the said order; and the several
orders comprised iu the said last mentioned general
order, which are respectively numbered 17, 19, 38, 39,
40, 41, and 42; and all other orders and parts of orders,
so far as such wher orders and parts of orders are in-
consistent with these orders, but not further or other-
wise, are hereby abrogated and discharged.
IL All former orders and parts of orders are not spe-
cified in Order 1., so far as the same are now in force,
and consistent with these orders, or applicable to the
same, or the subject thereof, are to remain iu full force
and effect.
111. These orders are as to all suits or matters now
pending, or hereeCer to be commenced, to take eact on
this 2d day of November, 1850.
IV. The times of vacation are net to ha reckoned in
the computwion of the time allowed for filing or setting
down exceptions for scandal, impertinence, or insuffi-
ciency, in cases where the time is not limited by notice
given pu,suent to the 13:11 of these orders.
V. The orders do not apply to any reference
for scandal, impertinence, or iceufliciency pending before
any of the masters at the time when these orders come
into operation; but as to all such references the existing
rules and orders of the Court are to remain in force.
VI. No order is to be made fur leave to tile excep-
tions nuns pro hate.
VII. A defendant whose answer is not excepted to or
set doer for hearing on f ,rmer exceptions, alleging that
the plaintiff is prosecuting him in this court anti also at
law for the same matter, may, upon the expiration of
eight days atter his answer, or further answer, is Wed,
obtain, as of course, cn motion or petition, the usual
order for the plaintiff to make his election in which he
wil: Foceed.
VIII. Atttr the filing of a defendant's answer the
plaintiff has six weeks within which he may file Excep-
tions thereto for insufficiency.
If he does not rile exceptions within six weeks such
answer, on the expiration of the six weeks, is to be
deemed sufficient.

IX. A defendant desiring to prevent exceptions to
his er for insufficiency being set down for hearing,
has for that purpose only eight days after the filing
of such exceptions, within which he may submit to
the some.
X. If a defendant, not being in contempt, submits to
exceptions to Lis answer for insufficiency before the
plaintiff has set them down for hearing, he is allowed
three weeks from the date of the submission, within
which he is to put in his furtiur answt r to the bill.
XI. The plaintiff having filed exceptions for insuffi-
ciency to a defendant's answer, is not to set them down
for hearing before the expiration of eight days from the
filing of such exceptions, unless in a care of election he
is repaired by notice in writing from such defendant to
act them down in four days pursuant to the 13th of these
orders, or in a case where the common injunction may
be obtained or ntained on the allowance of such ex•
ceptions. _ _

XII. Exceptions to answers for insufficiency, or to any
pleading or other matter depending before the court for
scandal or impertinence, or for scandal and impertinence,
are to be eet down for nearing by the Registrar at the
request of tha party filing the same upon the production
of a certificate of the Clerk of Records and Writs of the
filing of such exceptions, or (in the case of exceptions to
an answer for insufficiency) of the filing of a further
answer; and the same are to be advanced and put in
the paper for hearing on an early day, and the party
setting clown any such exceptions shall on the day on
which tho same shall be so set down serve a notice
thereof (a the party ribose pleading or other matter is
excepted to, otherwise the said exceptions shall be deemed
not set Cohn.

XIII. A defendant, whose answer is excepted to,
alleging that the plaintiff is prosecuting him in this court
and also at law for the same matter, may by notice in
eriting require the plaintiff to set town the exceptions
within four days from the service of the notice.
And if the plaintiff does not set down such exceptiors
within such four days, such defendant is antilltd, ns of
course en motion or petition, to obtain the usual orthr
for the plaintiff to make his election in which court to
will Proceed.

XIV. The plaintiff having filed exceptions for insuffi-
ciency to a defendant's answer is to set them down for
hearing lifter the Expiration of eight days, but within
fourteen days from the Eling of such exceptions.
If he do?s not, the answer, on the expiration of Lnr-
teen days, is to be deemed sufficient.
XV. The plaintiff having shown exceptions to a de-
fendant's answer for insufficiency as cause against dis-
solTing an injunction is set down such exceptions
for hearing at the latat on the day next after showing
such exceptions as cause.
If he does not the injunction is dissolved.
XVI. After the filing of exceptions to a defendant's
answer for insufficiency, and any further answer put in,
the plaintiff has fourteen days from the filing of such
further answers within which he may set down the old
exceptions.
If the old exceptions be not set down within fourteen
days after such further answer put in, the answer is, on
eke expiration of such fourteen days, to be deemed suf-
ficient. _ .

XVII. After exceptions to an answer for insufficiency
are set down for hearing, if a defendant, not being in
contempt, submits to answer, or the Court beide the an-
swer to be insufficient, the Court may in such cases ap-
piut the time within which such defendant is to put
in bi 3 further answer.
if such defendant does not obtain time from the Court,
or does not answer within the time which the Court al-
lows, the plaintiff may sue out process of contempt against
such defendant.
XVIII. The answer of a defendant is to be deemed
sufficient-
1. If no exception for insufficiency be filed thereto
within six weeks after the filing of such answer.
2. If, exceptions being filed, the plaintiff does not set
them down for hearing within fourteen days after the
filing thereof.
3. If within fourteen days after the filing of a further
answer the plaintiff does not set down the old ex-
ceptions.
XIX. If after a defendant's second or third answer is
filed the Vaintiff sets down the old exceptions for insuf-
ficiency, then the particular exception or exceptions to
which he requires a further answer is or are to be stated
in the notice of setting down such exceptions.
XX. If upon the hearing of exceptions the answer be
held sufficient, it shall be deemed to he so from the date
of the order made on the hearing; end if the defendant
submit to answer, without an order from the Court, the
answer shall be deemed insufficient from the date of the
submission.
XX[. The Court holding a first or recond answer to
be insufficient may appoint the time within which a
defendant, who is not in contempt, is to file a further
answer.
XXII. Upon a third answer being held to be insuf-
ficent the Court may order the defendant to be examined
upon interrogatories to the points held to be insufficient
and to stand committed until he shall have perfectly
answered the interrogatories; and the defendant is to
pay such costs as the Court shall think fit to award.
XXIII. No pleading or other matter depending be-
fore the Court is to be sot down for hearing for scandal
or impertinence, unless exceptions aro taken in writing
and signed by counsel, describing the particular passages
which are alleged to be scandalous or impertinent.
XXIV. Where any person or party having filed ex-
ceptions to any pleading or other matter depending be-
fore the Court for scandal, and any person or party
having filed such exceptions for impertinence does not
set the same down for hearing within six days after the
filing thereof, such exceptions are to be considered as
abandoned, and the person or ;party by whom such ex-
ceptions were filed is to pay to the opposite party. such
costs as may have been incurred by such party in re-
spect of such exceptions.
XXV. Upon the production of an order made, upon
its being held that any pleading or other matter depend-
ing before the Court is scandalous or impertinent, the
officer having the custody or charge of such pleading or
other matter is to expunge from such pleading or other
matter such parts thereof es the Court has held to be
scandalous or impertinent; and thereupon the person cr
party requiring such scandalous oroimpertinent matter
to be expunged is to pay to the officer expunging the
same the same fee as on the like occasion has heretofore
been paid.
XXVe
I. Applications to discharge, reverse, or alter
Chancellor,
on motion or petition of course by the
Lordn} o rceh ar
el, the Matter of the Rolls'
i or one of the
Vice-Chancellors, arc to be made to the judge, to whom
special applications in the cause or matter in which such
order is made, ought to be made according to the prac-
tice of the Court and the General Rules and Orders ap-
plicable thereto.
XXVII. Every petition or motion paper for a
reference under the 19th section of the said Act is to bo
marked at or near the top or upper part thereof, in the
same manner as a Bill is now marked with the name of
the Lord Chancellor and one of the Vice-Chancellors,
or with the name of the Master of the Rolls ;
and every order for any such reference is to
be marked in the same manner as the said petition
or motion paper, and the matter in which such order
is made is thenceforth to be considered as attached to
the court of the judge whose name shall be so marked
upon such order in like manner and fir the like pur-
pose as causes are attached to such court, but shall be
subject to be transferred from such court in the same
manner as causes are so transferred ; and the provisions
of the order comprised in the General Order of the sth
of May, 1837, which is numbered 15, and of the General
Order of the sth of August, 1542, shall apply to every
matter so attached.
XXVIII. The fees to be received and taken by the
Registrars and their clerks, and by the Clerks of Re-
cords and Writs and their clerks, respectively, for filing
a special case, and all proceedings thereupon, are
to be the same as are now received and
taken by them respectively for filing a
And for proe,edings in suits iv stitut, d by bill;
and the fees to be received and taken by the Registrars
and their clerks for setting down exceptions for scandal,
impertinence, and insufficiency, and for orders made

th A.eon, are to b© the same as are norm
taken nr setting down exception; and fur
thereon

PRUSSIAN AND AUSTRIAN FINANCES.
A compari:,on of the Prussian and Austrian finances
in our Austrian correspondence exhibits the condition
in which these two jealous neighbours are running
the risk of a general war. As Austria, in the name
of the Federation, has actually occupied Hesse, she
must be considered to have spared no provocation to
war. Prussia, acting only in her own name, but
with almost equal menace, is not far behind in the

race of honour. That war has not hitherto re-
sulted from these threatening movements is the
undeserved bounty of an overruling Power. Let
statesmen say what they will, exaggerated arma-
ments, overweening pretensions, and the interchange
of defiances put the question, of war out of the
reach of political control, and expose it to the rash
and momentary decision of accident or caprice,
passion or insanity. The Hessians have had the
common sense to see that they would gain very
little by inviting all the nations of Europe to
settle their long-cherished grudges in their cornfields
and vineyards, their villages and their cities. But
contingencies which it is unnecessary to describe
might have rendered their discretion abortive, and

made them pay dear for their taste of constitutional

freedom. In what state, then, are the powers that
have ritlud on the throw of a dio a war the first flash

of which would have extended from Tileit to Aix-ia-

Chapelle, and from the Baltic to the Adriatic S-a ?Ia
what state are the Powers that, wearied yet exaspe-
rated, exhausted yet irreconcilable, would have becn
compelled to invoke the dangerous interventions of
Russia and France, and would have seen their
roads once wort :traversed by the alternate streams
of Republicans and Cassacks ? Their state is such
as to suggest the idea that they may possibly look on
war rather as the last hope of repairing a despe-
rate condition than as a grave and honourable neces-
sity. So far as regards mere revenue and expendi-
ture, under existing conditions, Prussia has somethiog
to boast of. Her budget for 1849 was about
l=l,ooo 0001., of which the rnoderae sum of
750,000/. was all that was rEquired fur the in-
terest of the national debt, then estimated at

18,500,0001. For thirty years her debt has been in
process of reduction, and 375,000/. is yearly appro-
priated to a sinking fund foie this purpose. Her army
is estimated to cost no more than 3,100,000/. for the
current year, being less than a quarter of the revenue.
The sum of 2,000,0001. was added to the debt in
184 S, and a new loan of 3,000,0001. has been raised
in the present year, against " the eventualities of the
German question." What at first sight appears to com-
plete a vision of finance almost Utopian to a British un-
derstanding is the circumstance that Prussia has im-
mense State domains and Crown lands, moderately esti-
mated at 55,000,000/., which provide the interest and
secure the capital of the debt. Were the finances of
England in this plethoric and elastic condition,
there is no doubt that we should be at war
with all the netions of the earth before the twelve-
month was out, and that any new war would be bailed
wi' h cheers on the Stock-Exchange, as happened once
before in the days of our political innocence. But
these finances, which we are compelled to take on
trust, and which are enveloped, even in the best in-
formed circles of Prussia, with a certain inscrutable
mystery, must be submitted to a little analysis, and
also be compared with the political and geographical
circumstances of Prussia. If out of 14,000,0001.
only 3,100,0001. be required for the army, and only
1,125 0001. can he spared for the interest and re-
demption of the deb', what becomes of the remaining
9,775,000/. ? It is evident that the income must de-
vour itself before it reaches the Exchequer. The
Crown lands, like our own, must cost as much as
they yield, and the taxes must be absorbed by the
collector. The figures admit of no other hypothesis,
for the civil administration of the empire, exclusive
of tax-gatherers, cannot honestly account for a
moiety of this mysterious balance. But a
war, it is evident, would make the direst
havoc with the Prussian resources. Sbe is
all frontier, all rampart, ail river, all road, open at
every pore, with infiaite breaches to defend against
hostile attack and internal dilepidation. Scattered,
and even heterogeneous, she would have to struggle
for cohesion as well as for defence. In such a state
her customs would dwindle and her rents disappear.
Her expenditure would he substantial and her revenue
on paper. Her army of 220,000 men, supposing only
the younger section of the Lanclwehr to be called out,
would certainly cost, while in active service, as much
as 10,000,000/., which, under the circumstances, would
probably be the extent of her revenue. We have left
out of the question certain contingencies. We have
supposed Russia severely neutral, and Franca nobly
unambitious. We have set nothing down to the ac-
count of Schleswig-Holstein, and only remotely
alluded to the Red Republic at Berlin. Having
in our view nothing more than a war with
Austria, which, to :say the least, is only half the
danger in the Prussian horizon, we cannot set
down the annual expenses of that war at less than
the whole of her income, with the prospect
of decreasing revenue and increasing expense. Ti
case of Austria is confessed. Her affairs are in such
utter confusion that our correspondent, in the vain
attempt to reach a terra firma, starts from a dividend
of 4s. in the pound in 1811. This is only one of
four bankruptcies. Not to follow our correspondent
through the long series of financial embarrassments
and dishonest evasions, it is enough to observe at the
end of 1849 the public debt amounted to
103,500,000/. ; there is a floating debt cf 22,500,0001,
which the State owes to the Bank; and the paper
money in circulation amounts to 34,500,0001., against
bullion to the amount of 3,000,0001., leaving
31,500,0001. of paper unprotected. Such a protec-
tion is, of course, none at all ; and Austrian paper in
a year of "peace," and only three years from the com-
mencement of these troubles, is now as much de-
preciated as our own paper was after almost a
generation of war. The Austrian expenditure
in 1849 was estimated at 16,000,000/. for
nine months, or about 21,330,0001. for the
year ; the army being set down at the incredi-
bly moderate figure of 6,000,0001. As that army
durint; the Hungarian war was reckoned at 500,000
men, it is evident that part of its cost must have been
out of this estimate. The interest of the Austrian
debt may be guessed from the above-mentioned ca-
pital ; and as the expense of collecting the taxes was
not less than 4,140,000/. in 1839, it will not be much
less now. Yet to meet a confessed expenditure of
21,000,0001. the income in 1i49 was not more than
9,330,000/. a year, the revenue being thus not half
suflicent for the expenses. Such:a state of things, it
must be admitted, offers some inducements to war.
As Austria cannot possibly continue to maintain her
standing army, though it be the rope of sand that
binds her discordant dominions, it is possible that ebe
may cherish the hope of quartering it upon Federal
Germany. She may catch at that straw. An active pre-
sidency in the affairs of the Federation may resuscitate
that unity which has recently received such terrible
shocks on both the Danube and the Po. Foreign
war is a very old specific for dissensions at borne.
These, however, are but dangerous expedients. The
surest results of a war is its cost, and should Austria
be once fairly embarked in a struggle for the German
supremacy with her formidable rival, she must soon
be reduced either to another bankruptcy or to still
more dishonourable and ruinous expedients. In the
face of history, we cannot indulge the hope that the
prospect of insolvency will ever make Austria wise.
fler late movements exhibit a reckless disregard of
prudential considerations. The truth, however, must
be known for the benefit of all whom it may concern .
The notoriety of her insolvent condition may lead to
such a " pressure from without " as shall make her
attempt more by moderate counsels than by formid-
able demonstrations. Her present course, as well as
that of her great rival, tends to the subjugation of
Germany, and small pity will either receive if they
are both ruined in the attempt.— Times.

Socummaassi.—An extraordinary and distress-
ing occurrence took place on Sunday morning at the house
of Dr. Eccles, in Newhall-street, Birmingham. It appears
that Mr. Blurton, brother of Mrs. Eccles, has been in the
habit of rising from bed and walking in a state of somnam-
bulism, but no ill consequences resulted from his infirmity
until Sunday morning, when he left his bed about a quarter-
past five o'clock, opened the window of the attic room in:
which he usually slept, and precipitated himself to the
ground. In his descent he fell against the dining-room win-
dow, which to some extent broke the fail, b t be neverthe-
less came with fearful violence against the spiked railing is
front of the house, and was dreadfully injured. Two police-
men who were on duty in the neighbourhood heard the noise
occasioned by the fall, and on proceeding to the spot raised
Mr. Blurton and conveyed him to the house ; the injuries
received were of a most frightful character ; for many hours
the cries of the unfortunate man alarmed the whole neigh-
bourhood; and up to last evening he continued in a state of
extreme danger.

LAMENT4DLE ACCIDENT .SND LOSS OF LIFE.--A
dreadful accident occurred on Wednesday last at the Fron-
goch lead mines. near Aberystwith, the property of the Larl
of Lisburne. Seven of the miners were making preparations
early in the morning for commencing work, when one placed
a lighted pipe, which he had momentarily taken from his
mouth, near some powder which they were about to use.
This ignited three half-cwt. barrels close by, and an explo-
sion, heard for miles distant, followed, the place being in-
stantly enveloped in flames. One poor man was killed on
the spot; two others were so severely injured that they sur-
vived but a few hours. and the remaining four are in such a
dreadful state that their deaths are hourly expected. Inquests
upon the three unfortunate sufferers were held on Thursday,
and verdicts in accordance with the evidence returned.
In
each case the roor men have left wives and children to
lament their ultimate loss.
To some men it is indispensable to be worth rnanny,
for without it they would be worth nothi:g. —Eliza Coulet
Journal.
THE BISHOP OF LONDON'S CHARGE.—Yesterday
morning his Lordship repeated his visitation charge at St.
Paul's Cathedral, when there wari A large attendance both o
clergy aild laity,

TRur.o, C.
" ItZdVdSAISW'
LANGDALE, M.P.
J. L. KNIGHT BRIAR, Q.C.
B. M. ROLFE, V. C.