The Sun.
London, England, 1844-04-03 00:00:00

London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

Published this day, Bvo., 9s. cloth,
THE ELEMENTS of the DIFFERENTIAL
and INTEGRAL CALCULUS ; with numerous Examples
and Familiar Explanations, designed for the use of Schools and Pri-
vate Students. By JAMES CONNELL, Master of the Mathematical
Department in the High School of Glasgow.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman!.

Published this day, 12m0., 3s. cloth,
THE RULE of THREE : not the RULE of
PROPORTION, but a Rule illustrating Proportion, and a
Method of Solution proposed, which does not require the use of Pro-
portion. With numerous Examples. By the Rev. J. COTTERILL,
Rector of Itlakeney, Norfolk, and formerly Fellow.of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge.
" The Rule of Three doth puzzle me."—Nzenia puerorum.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Early in May will be published, in One thick Volume, Svo., with
nearly 1,000 Woodcuts, uniform with Messrs. Longman and Co.'s
Series of "One-volume Encyclopedias and Dictionaries,"
AN ENCYCLOIVEDIA of -DOMESTIC
ECONOMY ; comprising such subjects as are most imme-
diately,
ecooonkneery, Dress,cted with
Carriages,Houseke Housekeeping, as
ashliklc.
ullding, Furnishing, Ser-
vants
By THOMAS WEBSTER, F.G.S., &c. ; assisted by the late
Mrs. PARKES, Author of "Domestic Duties."
London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman:.

Just published 4to. size, price One Shilling, to be continued monthly,
with three highly-finished steel engravings,
THE ILLUSTRATED BIBLE HISTORY.
Part I. contains the Presentation in the Temple,. by
Jouvenct ; Christ at Emmaus; by Parisin ; and Noah's Ark, by Carse.
The Subscribers of PAYNE'S UNIVERSUM, or PICTORIAL
WORLD, arc entitled to the first plate (gratis) upon application to
the Publishers, Brain and Payne, English and German booksellers,
12, Paternoster-row.

LAME'IT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS. AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM' EXCESS, &c.
• " He who in pie sure's downy arras
Ne'er lost his health or )outhfh 1 charms,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me beho d a man I"
Just published fin a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 2s. 6d.,
or sent by post, free to any address, Be. 6d..
QELF-PRESERVATION :.a Popular Essay on
k those concealed disorders originating in youthful exeesses,
and terminating In Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, Indigestion, Insanity, and Consumption. With Practical
Obset vations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy. Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon,
Bedford street, Bedford-square, Lon,lon, Matriculated Member of
the University of Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London
Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecary's Hall, Lon-
don, &c.
" The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, ate frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addressee itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satirfictorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
to the most confidential friend "—Stafford Gazette.
"The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
suffering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52. Paternoster-row; Starie,93,'Fichbome.c.reet, Quadrant, Regent-
street; Gordon, 116, Leadenhall-street ; and by all ttookselters.
At home every day till three, and from Five till Eight.

REMOVED FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LONDON.
Just published, price 2s. 6d., and free by post (in a sealed envelope)
Price s. 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND • a Medical Work on
Physical Decay, its causes, and the hanoffil effects of exces-
sive indulgence and infection, Illustrated by engravings, with ob-
servations on ,vlarriage, and directions for the removal of certain
disqualifications. By R. end L. PERRY-and CO
Published bv the Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19, Berners.
street, Oxford-street ; also by Strange, 21, Paternoster row; Purkis,
Comptomstreet, Soho; Jackson and Co., 130, New Bond-street;
Phillips, 264, Oxford-street; J. Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-st, eet, r on.
don ; Guest, 51, Bull street, Birmingham; and by all Booksellers
in Town and Country. , _
The CORDIAL BALM of SYRI ACUM is exclusively directed
for the cure of nervous amt muscular debility, impuissance, &e.
Price lls and 235. per bottle. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, of
whom may be had the Silent Friend." The Five Pound Cases
may be had as usual.

- •
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS aretbe most effectua
cure for syphilis sod secondary symptoms in both sexes, price ‘24.
4s. W., and I is. per box.
Consultation fee, if by let.er, 1/. A minute detail of cases is ne-
cessary. 111,asrs. Pe -ry are in daily attendance, for Con .ultation, at
their residence, 19, Beriiets-street, Oxford-street, London, from
Eleven till Two and Five till Eight, and on Sund .ys from Ten till
Twelve. Clue pe- sorra' visit only is siecebsAry to effect apermanent cure.

DR. CULVERWELL'SMEDICO-PHYSIO•
LOGICAL PUBLICATIONS. - •
:Hail wedded love! Mysterious law I—true source
Of human offspring. • " • By thee
Relations dear, and all the charities
Of Father, Son, and Brother, first were known."—Mwrom
NEW SERIES. Price together 66., by post, Os. 6d.
The PHYSIOLOGY of the PASSIONS : their Manifestation and
Purpose. On Chastity, its influence on health, morals, and progeny;
its maintenance and neglect. On sound health, long life, :aid happy
feelings. On morbid derangements, nervous piostations, and despair.
On the casualties of incontinence. An admonitory yet consolatory
address to those needing such counsel, entitle " Lecture to Young
Men." Price Is, by post, Is. 6d.
The INSTITUTES of MARRIAGE; a Medical Brochure for the
closet perusal of those denied or diffident, yet desirous of securing
marital attributes, domestic happiness, a.sd healthy perpetuity.
Price Ls , by post, 3s.
PORNEIAPATHOLOGY ; a comprehensive Vade-mecum on
the concealed infirmities of human life (1,-0 Fegravings. "The
Modern Aristotle," ff The most 04traordipary viol* ever published.'
Price 35., by post, ss.
These publications combine rationality, explicitness, and int earii y
of purpose. Their perusal will enlighten aid protect the invalid
from the empyricism so fearfuily exercised in the infirmities they re-
late to. The author is a Doctor of Medicine, a member of the Col.
lege of Surgeons, and a Licentiate or Apothecaries' H-r 1, and his
writings are founded upon the experience of2o years' exclusivedevo-
tion to the subjects they treat upon.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Piternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-
street; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Mann, S 9, Cornhilt ; and the
author, 21, Arundel-street, Strand. At home daily till twu—evening.,
area to puto.

SCHWEPPE'S SODA and POTA SS WATERS.
So much prejudice has been produced in the public mind by
purious articles, sold under these names, containing not a particle
f Alkali, that consumers are earnestly recommended to ask for
SCH WEPP F.'S, the original inventors, and still the largest manu-
facturers of these invaluable preparations. Each bottle contains the
proper proportion of Alkali, scientifically amalgamated by the aid of
their powerfill machinery, and every genuine bottle is distinguished
by a label on the cork, representing their name. This precaution is
rendered necessary by unprincipled persons frequently filling_
Schweppe's bottles with their own composition, and passing it offer
Schweppe's manufacture.
SCH WEPPE'S LIQUID MAGNESIA, for the cure of heart-
burn, gout, sca.sickness, &c., in bottles at Is., 2s. 6d., 4s. 6d., and tOs.
each, manufactured with care and skill, and sold by most respectable
cnemists.

London, 51, Berners-strret ; and at their Branch Manufactories at
Liverpool, Bristol, and Derby.

FACTORIES

The present interval of time and rest allowed to the
various parties on the Factories Bill, while it gives opportunity
for some arguments beyond the reach of public discussion,
will also enable honest and serious minds to acquire more
deliberate and deeper views of the subject, as a whole This
reconsideration will be useful to everybody. The promoters
of the ten hours' clause may learn to,give it a less objection-
able and factious aspect; and its opponents may be brought
to a better and more humane mind. Some have voted for it, with
the admission that they had found a difficulty on the subject,
which, even at the point of voting, had not been entirely re-
moved. Some had no hesitation as to the intrinsic merits of
the proposed measure, but could not agree to its paramount
importanee. They liked the article well enough—it was the
very thing they wanted, and they had not a fault to find
with it; but they stuck at the price, it was exorbitant—a
whole Cabinet ! like Mrs. Ramsbottom, they did not like
"to be composed upon ;" so they left the faCtory women
and children on the counter, and walked out of
the shop with their fifteen Cabinet Ministers in their
remember
eitmmi
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vgiaceshoubttleehieleelnr
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iissmo,nnatslotlewtedircleieai
noticed
pocket. Thus the cause of humanity, like virtue, lauclatur
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searchingg
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cussion has brought to the surface, and which we do not
occa-
sions.n
We mean the important position of these
factory
women and young people in the State and the consequent
`claim to sufficient and even peculiar protection We
have to
thank the Premier for the form in which we state the fact,
though we regret to find ourselves forced to view
it very dif-
ferently. Arrhour or two before the first majority against
Ministers; on the-19th ult., Sir Robert Peel having stated the
difference between
.a'week's work under the existing system,
and under the operation of a Ten Hours' Act, proceeded—
" Let us consider to what extent this restriction is to
apply. It is to apply to all labour in cotton factories, in
woollen factories, in worfted, flax, and silk factories. . .
Now, look at the foreign 'trade of this country. In the last
returns there is an account of the declared value of the prin-
cipal articles of British produce and manufacture. The value
of British produce and manufactures exported in the last
year, if I recollect right, was about 44,000,000/. The return
'Elm ie whole of the articles of British manufacture was not
given, .but for all the principal articles. , What proportion do
you suppose of the manufactures which you are now about
to deal with was exported? Your cotton manufactures, in-
cluding yarn, amounted to 23,500,0001. ; linen manufactures,
3,700,000/. • woollen goods, 7,500,000/. ; making a total of
about 35,000,000/. out of 44,000,0004 of British manufactures
exported from this country, in respect of which you are
going
.to impose restrictions upon labour.—(Hear, hear.)
That.as to say, fivessixths of the exported manufactures of
this country are about to be subjected to a new law, which
shall provide that it shall not be legal to labour at them more
than 59 hours a week, instead of 69 hours.—(Hear,.hear.)"
Now, we will not demur to the Premier's assumption that
the proposed measure affects all the labour employed in
these manufactures, because we admit it does virtually
affect all. But why does iraffect all? Because the women
and young persons constitute the great majority of
the whole number employed, and pull the minority
along with them Bearing this in mind, look now to the
above most important and not less affecting statements.
Five-sixths—nearly all, one may say—of the exports, the
foreign trade, of this greatest commercial country in the
world, is the work of the factory operatives—that is, chiefly
of the factory women and young persons. Hear this, you
who talk of the factories as a national nuisance!-you who
talk of the millowners as the enemies of their country!—you •
who think we should not be much the worse for it if Lanca-
shire, and one or two other counties, were effaced from
.the
map of England !—but, above all, you who think that the
miserable bondage of these factory women and young per-
sons, monstrous as it is, is not sufficient to justify an excep-
tional departure from the general rule of non-interference
between the labourer and his: employer ! The position of this
country among the nations of the earth, its empire east and
west, and its sovereignty over the sea, all depend on its foreign
trade ; its foreign trade depends on its exports ; and its ex-
ports are nearly all the work of a labouring class consisting
chiefly of these poor women and children. Talk as we will of
our wooden walls, and the BritiAi bayonet, and indomitable
courage, 'and so forth ; your factory_ women and children are
at the bottom of all ; they an your real soldiers and sailors ;
theirs is our truest and most efficacious heroism. We demand,
therefore; that they be considered accordingly as an arm of
the national service. 'Whatever peculiar care England takes
of her soldiers and sailors—that they be properly fed and
clothed, and not over-worked, or oppressed by the tyranny of
any adverse circumstances—let her extend, as the magnitude
of the occasion requires, to the factory women and young
persons. Turn it over again. The customs are about two-
fiths of the revenue--some twenty millions or thereabonts ;
the customs are on' the imports; the imports depend on—
that is, they necessarily balance--the exports; and the
exports are, five-sixths, the work of our factory women
and young persons, who thus may be considered as making
up nearly two-fifths of the revenue—i. e. defraying nearly the
whole amount of our national expenditure, after deducting
the interest on our debt. This appears on the face of our
financial returns. But if it strikes anybody as too astonish-
ing. to be believed on the credit of naked figures, we will re- .
mind him of a recent great historical fact. Six years since the
trade of this country, its exports and imports, began to de-
cline ; the Customs and Excise also declined accordingly ; and
the revenue fell so considerably under an unhappily increas •
ing expenditure, that a Ministry popular until then sank 'un-
der the general despair, and another came in whose first
step was to lay on us an income-tax, which, though pro-
ducing between 5,000,000/. and 6,000,000/, is barely enough
to keep the ship afloat. All this; besides what is far more
important—an immense and long-continued pressure of dis-
tress, which neither Sir Robert Peel nor anybody else, we
should hope, will ever forget. So, then, these factory women
and Young persons, besides contriving to maintain themselves
without coining on the land—of itself alone an incal-
culable boon to the landowner—besides clothing the
whole pnpulation of the empire
better and more
cheaply than it or any other population ever was clothed
before—besides submitting hitherto to
give a much greater
quantity of clothing, the sweat of their brow, in exchange for
the landowners' corn than that corn is worth in the market
of the world—do also with the peaceful weapons of their ach-
ing fingers create and preserve the greatness of this empire, its •
trade, its • comforts, its imports, its customs, its army, its
navy, its royal, its judicial establishments. " Take care,"
says the financial Premier, " how you restrict this labour.
The whole fabric of England's greatness and glory—we our-
selves—rest upon it." True ; but do these women and young
persons deserve nothing for the great work they are doing
for us—no return of peculiar love and protection ? Are they
to make England great and glorious, and not themselves be
free? After so great a fact is - established, so boundless an
obligation revealed, are we still to sufferssur national glory
to be sullied by the misery of those who have „worked it?
Hardly even • to brute labourers can we bear to say Sic vos
non wills. Much less to our Own flesh and blood—our fel-
.
low-Christians.— Tines.

ryeevaillreicee f
inculcates the necessity of eldaTieous visitations
at tShPisitliNw7i.o—d lo'fhetheP
pre-
serving the Skin in a pure and healthy state, so that its func-
tions may be duly performed. The great celebrity which
" Rowland's Kalydor" exclusively maintains as an active yet
mild and soothing agent for extirpating all impurities, and
imparting a healthy freshness to the Skin, is most pleasingly
evinced at the resent season. This balmy and odoriferous
creamy liquid is composed of extracts from thg most rare
flowers and herbs of an „own elime—its discovery by a
lady of rank, was no less sin,ular than its effects have been
felicitous during the last thirty years. I's universally great
demand excites the cupidity of unprincipled shopkeepers,
who give the title of "Genuine Kalydor to some compounds
of their own manufacture of the most deleterious character,
containing mineral astringents utterly ruinous to the. Com
plexion, and by their repellant action endangering health
It is, therefore, imperative on purchasers to see that the words
" Rowland's Kalydor" are on the wrapper.—All others are
fraudulent tit.piteLf,git4
PPRPETUAL SISOW."77IU• Agassiz has made spme
experimental researches amongst the Alps, to determine
the limits of perpetual snow, and has read a paper before
the Academy of Sciences. It appears that each succeediug
year leaves behind it its region of snow, and that a vast
•nuinber of years may thus be traced. The supafleial bed
distinctly shows the quantity that has fallen in the preceding
season, fiut little further linolledge hae yet been gelod.--•
1 Paytechnic Bev*.

GREAT WESTERN STEAM-SHIP
COMPANY.

We publish to-day the balance sheet of the Great
*Western's earnings and expenses from the be-
ginning up to the present time. It will be seen
that she has made thirty-two voyage:.,, and has' cleared
on them about 33,8001. over and above her ex-
penses and insurance, of which 33,8001. there hag
been divided among the shareholders 20,3001. This is
but a poor. return for the great outlay which has
been made, and the risks of the enterprising indi-
viduals who, to our country's honour, first solved
the problem of steaming the Atlantic, not once,
but regularly and systematically—a miserable re-
turn, indeed, for the benefits conferred on the nation.
But when in England were public benefactors ever
rewarded ? It would be perhaps almost as hope-
less to find an instance as to discover the longitude
or square the circle, and infinitely more difficult to
find the rule. In the case of the Great -Western
encouragement has not only been withheld, but
competition and opposition fostered and assisted
with the nation's purse. Both Whig and Tory seem,
indeed, to have striven to crush the owners of this
noble vessel, with a fervour which is increasing
annually. Cunard's line began with an allowance
of 60,0001. per -annum, which was afterwards in-
creased to 80,000/. and now to 90,0001., while the
Great Western is left without a penny of assistance
ti) contend against such odds! How she has borne
up against it surprises every one, but she has, and it
is manifest to a profit, though not such as would
justify the owners in continuing the contest if they
could find a good market for her.
There was at the end of last week a report in
town that the Peninsular and Oriental Company had
bought her for 32,0001., of which it was said that
16,0001. had been paid down. It is quite true,
we believe, that the Peninsular and Oriental Com-
pany have agreed to buy her—but the exact sum we
are unable to say, though we think it is very likely
to be 32,0001.—the sale, however, is not yet completed,
though the terms are settled.
The contest going on between this Company and
the Bristol Dock Company relative to floating out
the Great Britain, has created a considerable sen-
sation in the steam navigation world. Many
roundly blame the Company for having built a vessel
in a situation not to be able to get her out without a
favour from another party. The fact we under•
stand to be, that when she was laid down
it had been arranged with the Dock Company how
and by what means she was to be got out, and
that no difficulty whatever was anticipated up to
the moment of the Dock Company making a claim, to
which the Steam Company could not conscientiously
submit. Then, and not before, a difficulty was
started, and the Dock Company, which seems always
to be governed by feeling and small reasons, were
found to be intractable. An application, however, is
reported as likely to be made to the Legislature, when
these worthy conservators of mud and stagnant water
may find it convenient to be more reasonable.

by-the-bye we should like to know how it hap-
pens that the port of Bristol is virtually closed against
the whole steam trade. Some forty years ago these
docks were made, when there was .not a steamer
thought of, and when, indeed, sailing vessels of a
much less class than now visited the port. At that
time the dock gates were ample, but not for the pre-
sent time, when vessels have not only grown in size,
but a new class has sprung into existence. To keep
pace with this other ports have provided the accom-
modation which the march of improvement has shown
to be needful. Not so, however, the Bristol Dock
Company. They stand in unimproved statu quo, and
neither the fate of the William Miles in their crimping
gates, nor the loss of the trade of the city appears to
have any influence upon them. Their motto is, "these
gates served the purpose of our fathers, why should
they not ours ?" It is a fact, to the glory of this
" do-nething body," that there is not a glasgow and
Liverpool steamer- which can get into the Bristol
Docks; and only those in the Irish trade, confined to
43 feet wide ! !—Railway Magazine.

DEATH OF MR. JOHN BURN.—We regret to an-
nounce the death of Mr. John Burn, a worthy and excellent
man, who expired, in his 68th year, at Manchester, on Wed-
nesday. Most of our commercial readers are acquainted with►
a practical work of the highest value, which he published
periodically, called " Burn's Glance." It gives, in a tabular
form, a coup d'ceil of the annual imports and exports of the
country, and,has often been quoted in Parliament as a stand-
ard authority.—Liverpool Journal.

AN ENGLISH AVALANCHE.—On Monday last, the
18th inst., as a party of shepherds were out on Longdale
Fells—situate betwixt Orton and the Yorkshire mountains—
they had to encounter most formidable drifts of snow, in
order to rescue the sheep from their icy prisons. Edward
Wilson, yeoman, of Long Gills, was under the necessity of
walking on a very steep acclivity, when the snow suddenly
began to move in an immense volume from under his feet
with such velocity, that the yoting man was unable to keep
his body in an upright position, the rapid progress of the
avalanche—for such it really was—making him excessively
giddy. He managed, however, to sit as long as he could,
till, having descended to a rocky precipice, where, about fifty
years ago, a person of the name of James Atkinson was un-
fortunately killed under similar circumstances, he, the shep-
herd in question, was dreadfully injured by the concussion
occasioned by the stoppage. He, nevertheless, had presence
of mind enough to tie his handkerchief or neckcloth round
his head; to which probably he owed his preservation, as,
although he bled considerably, he- did not lose conscious-
ness, and, on the whole, was much less injured than might
have been anticipated under the circumstances, and in a place
so dangerous. On reaching home, Mr. Noble, surgeon, of
Orton, was promptly in attendance ; and we have much
pleasure in stating that he is now in a fair way to recover.—
Kendal Mercury.
CORFU, MARCH 9.—Prince George of Cambridge,
attended by the Hon. Captain James Macdonald, aide-de-
camp, has returned to Corfu from a tour in the Neapolitan
and Papal States ; he passed three weeks at Naples, and his
Royal Highness is expected shortly to visit England. Lady
Seaton and Lady Pettrizzupola have given several balls.
Prince George of Cambridge gave a ball on the anniversary
of his father's birthday,, the splendour of which, with the
beauty of the ladies, exceeds all description ; it was very
numerously attended. The officers of the 97th Regiment
have also given two balls, and nothing was left undone by
Lieut.-Colonel Lockyer, and the officers of the regiment, for
the comfort and amusement of their guests. The Royal Ar-
tillery and the Royal Engineers have issued invitations for
next Tuesday. Lady Seaton intends commemorating Prince
George's birthday on the 26th instant by a similar entertain-
ment, at the Palace. The fourth session of the seventh Par-
liament opened on the Ist, and his Excellency the Lord High
Commissioner gave his speech on the 4th instant.
A Gascon is not only a boaster; he is often a wit,
and the French jest-books are filled with anecdotes of gas-
conading. From amongst a host of them we select the fol-
lowing ;—" Gasconading was a marked characteristic of the
court of Henry IV. Though the Monarch was not exempt
from the fault himself, he grew tired of it in others, and en-
treated his Minister Malherbe to endeavour to reform it al-
together—to de-gasconise his Court. Must I sweep them
all away, Sire ?' asked the Minister. 'All,' replied the
Prince. Upon which Malherbe slyly answered, Then I
presume your Majesty wishes to abdicate.' Another Prince
told a Gascon gentleman, who had former:y served him as
Ambassador, that he looked like an ox. I cannot say what
I look like,' replied the Gascon, ' but this I know, that I
have frequently represented your Majesty's person.' A
Gascon abbe, who lost a living from the indecent haste of
which he was guilty in canvassing for it, declared he had run
so fast after the benefice, that he outstript, in his flight, his
guardian angel."'—Chamber's Edinburgh Journal.
DEATH OF A GlANT.—Yesterday Mr. Baker held
an inquest at the Victory, Kingsland-road, on the body of
Richard Turbox, aged 84 years. Mrs. Channess deposed that
deceased lodged wit?' her at No. 32, Tottenham-road, West
Hackney. He was a pensioner of the East India Company,
and was a remarkably stout man, and of extraordinary sta-
ture, being six feet and a half in height. Notwithstanding
his advanced age he enjoyed very good health. On Tuesday
morning, about nine o'clock, witness was alarmed at perceiv-
ing a few drops of blood on- the floor of her room, which was
beneath that of deceased's, and which fell through the ceil-
ing. She accordingly went up stairs and found him lying
doubled up before the fire-grate, with his head against the
bars. There was a wound on his forehead caused by a fall,
and he appeared to be quite dead. Mr. Lewis, a surgeon,
was sent for, who pronounced life to be quite extinct. From
the plethoric habit of deceased, Mr. Lewis attributed death to
apoplexy. The wound on his head was not sufficient to cause
death. Verdict—" Found dead."

MILITARY HEROES.--Mr. Field last night delivered
his second musical lecture on the military service and its
heroes at the City of Westminster Literary and Scientific In-
stitution. Mr. Field introduced the discourse of this evening
by a chronological description of the various improvements
in the implements for warfare, in short, tracing i hem from the
hands of the rudest art to those of the most profound science.
The costume of the army was also briefly noticed, not for-
getting the reminiscences of that so recently in use, but
which appears, from having left no trace behind, to be as far
removed as the buffjerkin of a couple of centuries gone by:,
need we particularise the powdered hair, the well-nourished
queue, and the white (and tight) inexpressible shorts of our
tall grenadiers. A sketch of those hospitable retreats for dis-
abled veterans,,Qreenwich and Chelsea—and a reference to
the visit to them made by the Queen and Prince Albert, ap-
propriately introduced a very good song, the- words and air
of which were by Mr. Field, " Here's a health' to Victoria."
The enjoyments of a soldier's life were briefly glanced at—his
enfranchisement from all the ordinary perplexities of daily
life—the hearty abandon of the bivouac--enlivened by n -
tives, in which the narrator is often the hero of his own
story—and the rousing call to arms in the freshness and
beauty of the morning. Mr. Field here introduc aed fine
hearty burst of cheering melody, "Our huinei and native
land," which elicited an enthustastiC 'encore. This was a
manuscript cbmiiogition by. Mr. West, of the Royal Academy
of Music. In celebrating the achievements of nur meet no
tinguished Generals, the sad fate of Sir Jahn Moore at Co.
runna could Hot fail of notice; and the lecture was brought to
a close by a neat sketch of the European career of the " Hero
of a hundred fights," and including a personal narrative, by
one of the survivors, of the defence of the chateau of Hougou-
mont, The " Army and Navy" was sung as a finale, and
Dir. field retired amidst tine warmest plaudits.

METROPOLITAN DRAPERS'
ASSOCIATION. •

A meeting of members and friends of this Association,
whose object is to abridge the hours of business, was held on
Monday at the Hanover-square R00m5...8.-Bond Cabbell,
Esq., in the chair. - -
Mr. HINDLEY: M.P., proposed "a resolution to the effect,
that the hours of labour were prolonged to an extent in the
drapers' and other businesses in the metropolis, which was
destructive to health, and inimical to moral and intellectual
improvement. He said there were thousands of young men
in thiS metropolis who were exposed to labour for fifteen,
sixteen, or seventeen, and, in some instances, eighteen hours
a day.—(Shame.) Their opponents met them with the ob-
jection that the drapers' assistants were not in.the worst con-
dition, and referred them to the milliners, directing their at-
tention to an interesting young female who had been
occupied during two and twenty hours in making a costly
robe for a very high and illustrious personage; but the illus-•
trious personage for whom the
.robe was made, .would have
sooner gone without it, were she aware of the fact, than have
been the means of imposing- such toil on the young creature
who made it.—(Hear.)
The Rev. T. ARCHER seconded the resolution.

The Hon. and Rev. MONTAGUE VtrxrEns-;upported the
resolution. He bore testimony to the tendency which late
hours of business had to demoralise young men, and make
them inditferent- to their religions interests.
The resolution was put and carried unanimously.
Dr. Sorrnwoon-S3nni bore official testimony to the de-
structiveness of late hours of labour to health and life, and
concluded by moving a resolution—" That an abridgement of
the hours of labour would not only move of incalculable be-
nefit to the assistants, but to the employers themselves, and
to society at large."
Mr. OWES, of Great Cormn-street, an employer, and an
active member of the Committee, seconded the resolution,
which was carried unanimously.
The Rev. DANIEL MOORE moved the next resolution—
" That the Metropolitan Drapers' Association, having for its
object the abridgement of the hours of business, with a view
to the physical, moral, and intellectual improvement of the
assistants, is well deserving support, and that this meeting
pledges ibia hearty co-operation and encouragement, by ren-
dering it every possible assistance, especially by abstaining
for the future from making eveningpurchases.".

Mr. GEORGE Tnompsoli-seconded.the resolution. He re-
joiced to have the opportunity :of entering into the humane
and Christian design which the meeting had in view. The
excessive hours of labour in the metropolis were deplorable.
If he in any way had been instrumental in contributing to
the advancement of his fellow- creatures, he owed it to this
circumstance under God, that he was not, during those years
when his mind was most susceptible and -most inquiring,
robbed of his evening hours. He adverted to his travels in
India, and said that in all those travels, in all the countries
he had visited, he had not seen any class of persons in so
absolute a state of serfdom as the drapers and other em-
ployers' assistants in England.
The resolution was carried.

On the motion of Mr. REDMAYNE, seconded by Mr. TA-
VERNER, thanks were voted to the Chairman.

CRUELTY TO ANIMALS.
TO THE EDI7'OI? OF THE SUN.

Sut,—A short time ago a person was prosecuted for riding
a pony to death, and we daily see fines and imprisonment
inflicted for cruelty to animals. We sicken at the details of
these atrocities, but fancy it is is only the sordid, the low, or
the ignorant who perpetrate them. • But it is not so. Let us
see : the London papers of Saturday give an account of a
run with the Royal stag hounds, and state that the deer (Sweep)
was taken, dead beaten, at West Wycombe, a distance of up •
wards of 25 miles from the kennel at Ascot, and was obliged
to be killed a short time afterwards. A fine horse, belonging
to Mr. Dyson, of Windsor, rode by Mr. Jenner, and another,
belonging to Mr. Sharpe, of Slough, dropped dead; a third
horse died at the Crown Inn, Marlow ; and another, making
a fourth, at Beaconsfield. Now, Sir, in what is the differ-
ence of riding horses to death for sport, or riding them to
death for gain? Are the agonies of the poor animals less in
the one case than the other? Here is cruelty by wholesale;
but will it be noticed? I fear, Sir, that while indignation,
fines, and imprisonment are heaped on the heads of one class
of offenders, these will hear of nothing but the splendid run
they have had with the Royal stag hounds. You have al-
ways been the advocate of the oppressed, can you not devote
a little time and space to this subject?
Greenwood, April 1, 1844. A. T.

COMMANDS IN CHIEF.—The following Commanders-
in-Chief will be relieved in the course of the present year,
as their periods of service will have expired :—Of the Pacific
station, Rear-Admiral Thomas, appointed sth of May,lB4l ;
of the West India and North American station, Vice-Admi-
ral Sir C. Adam. K.C.8., appointed 17th August, 1841; of
the Mediterranean, Vice-Admiral Sir E. W. C. R. Owen,
G.C.H., appointed 14th October, 1841; and of the
Brazils and Cape of God Hope station, Rear-Admiral the
Hon. Jocelyne Percy, C. 8., appointed 17th December, 1841.
Vice-Admiral Sir W. Parker, K C. 8., of the East India sta-
tion, appointed 12th May,'lB4l, is already succeeded in the
command 414-thlef Ai bir
who was second in command in the East tndies ; Captain
Chadi, of the Cambrian, hoisting a commodore's broad pen-
dant, as second in command to Sir T. Cochrane. The admi-
rals and captains, superintendents of the dockyards, with
the exception of Portsmouth and Malta, were appointed in
1841; but these officers hold their commissions for five years.
POST-OFFICE CHANGES.—It has already been men-
tioned that a considerable increase has taken place in the
number of twopenny-post letter carriers, and that a further
increase was expected to take place in a few days. Since
then two sub-sorters and three extra stampers of letters have
received appointments, and an additional number of letter-
carriers, making a total of one hundred in addition to the
ordinary strength of the establishment. Two houses have
also been taken, one at the corner of Old-street-road, and
the other situate in the vicinity of Brunswick-square. These
tenements are now fitted up as sorting offices, similar to
those now employed for that purpose in different parts of the
metropolis. The object of these changes is an increase in the
delivery of letters, and when the arrangements are concluded,
which they will be in a few days, the public will have three
extra deliveries of twopenny-post letters daily. There is an
opinion, though nothing has yet publicly transpired, that the
deliveries will be increased to ten per diem, and that the
change will take place immediately after the official quarter-
day, the sth of the present month.
`THE INDIA, MAIL. —On Monday morning the
monthly mail for Gibraltar, Malta, Greece, Egypt, India, and
Hong-Kong was made up at the General Post office, St.
Martin's-le-Grand, and forwarded by the Great Liverpool
steamer, via Southampton. There were 97 boies, besides
smaller packages, of letters. Theoverland closed mail of the
4th instant, via Marseilles, is detained until Saturday, the
6th instant. The following new postal arrangements came
into operation yesterday, the Ist of April :—" Letters may
be sent unpaid, via France, to the following countries and
places, or the postage may be paid to destination, viz., the
Austrian dominions, the free city of Cracow, Moldavia,
lacbia, Turkey in urope, together with the town of Scutari
in Asia. Letters may also be sent through France unpaid
to Southern Poland and Southern Russia. The combined
British and foreign rate of postage to be taken on a single
letter weighing less than a quarter of an ounce for the above-
mentioned countries, will be as follows :—To the Austrian
dominions, the free city of Cracow, and the city of Belgrade,
Is. sd. ; Moldavia and Wallachia, Is. 9d.; Turkey in Eu-
rope (Belgrade excepted) and Scutari in Asia, Is.
Ild. ; Southern Poland and Southern Russia, Is. 6d.
Letters to Greece, the Archipelago, the lonian Islands,
the Two Sicilies, the Papal States, Modena, Parma,
and Placentia, are charged Is. 3d. • British and foreign post-
age, or the British rate only (5d.), may be paid. Those
letters which are directed to the German and northern States
to be forwarded through the office of Tour and Taxis, if not
posted unpaid, must in future be paid to destination. The
next mails for Madeira, the West Indies, Mexico, Honduras,
Havannah, Bahamas, Chagres, and New Granada, will be
made up this morning, the 2d inst., to be forwarded by the
Tay steamer, via Southampton ; British North America,
Bermuda, and the United States, in the evening of the 3d
instant (to-morrow), by the Acadia steamer, via Liverpool;
Brazils and Buenos Ayres, on the 3d instant, by her Majesty's
brig Express, vici Falmouth.
EXTRAORDINARY DISPATCH OF LETTERS...--0119
of the largest dispatches of letters ever made from the General
Post-office took place on Monday morning. The mails to
Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Curava, St. Croix, and Porto Rico, when made up occupied
upwards of 100 boxes. At a moderate estimate, each of these
boxes contains 5,000 letters, and taking the number of boxes
at 100, the number of letters amounts to half-a-million.
They were taken to the terminus of the South-Western Rail-
way in six Post-office vans, which were opened at the top for
the purpose of receiving them from the ship letter-office, on
the east side of the portico.
THE WILL FORGERIES.—After the final examina-
tion of the prisoners on Saturday, Mrs. Dorey was taken into
the presence of her sister, and Sanders was subsequently in-
troduced to them in one of the waiting-rooms of the Man-
sion-house. The meeting of the sisters was stated to have
been very affecting. The son of Sanders and Lydia Sanders,
a lad about nineteen years of age, was present at the melan-
choly interview, and the father took the opportunity of ad-
vising him to endeavour to conduct himself in such a
manner as not to run the hazard of suspicion in a world
which was so ready to attribute the basest motives to men.
Sanders has declared that he has been comparatively happy
since his apprehension, as he and his wifeeslcaedpea
detection.life of
in-
describable horror in endeavouring to
Barber speaks with greater confidence than ever of ac-
quittal. Mrs. Sanders has expressed her deep sense of the
humane treatment she experienced at the hands of John
Forrester.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND SUNDAY-SCHOOL TEACHERS'
INSTITUTE.—Monday evening, a numerous meeting of the
friends of education, in accordance with the principles of the
Established Church, was held at the Hall of Commerce,
Threadneedle-street. The chair was taken by John Labou-
chere, Esq. The objects of the Institution are, the promo-
tion of union among the several Sunday-schools in and
around the metropolis ; the supplying of teachers with such
information uponvarious subjects as shall tend to the advan-
tage of Sunday-schools in general, &c. The Chairman also
referred to the advantage derived from the Institution, and to
the extension of education in general. Several reports, &c.,
were read ; after which, resolutions in accordance were agreed
to, and the proceedings terminated.
STEPNEY FAIR.—It may be recollected that a fair
was held last Easter and Whitsuntide at Stepney, after it had
been suppressed by the magistracy, as a nuisance, for 25 years.
The conduct of the countless thousands who attended it was
very orderly, and the absence a outrages formed a striking
contrast to the tumultuons scenes which yearly took place
before Interference for its suppression. The experiment
having succeeded so well last year, and the police authorities
not deeming it advisable to interfere with the harmless
amusements of the people as long as they were properly con-
ducted, the fair is to be repeated at Easter.
THE STATE APARTMENTS AT WINDSOR CASTLE.
—Her Majesty has ordered that the State apartments at
Windsor Castle shall be open for the admission of the public
on Good Friday—a day on which, it may be observed, the
State rooms have invariably been closed throualiont the Year, ,
Orders to the above effect were issued on MaA7 from the i
glee Qf the Lord Chamberlain. • • •

I EXTRA
On Monday, at 'seven o'clock, a protracted inqpiry took
place before lair. W. Payne, coroner for the city of London,
at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet-street, touching the death of Mary
Griffip, a remarkably fine young woman, aged aboiit thirty
years, lately filling the situation of housekeeper to Mr. G.
Scratchley, surgeon, of 168, Fleet-street.
Mr. Charles Scratchley, who described himself as a private
tutor in a family resident at Peckham, said he was on a visit
to his brother on Saturday last, and went to bed in the sur-
gery behind the shop shortly before one o'clock on Sunday
-morning. About quarter past one he heard some person come
into the room, and upon calling out " Who's that ?" the de-
ceased replied " Mary." Witness inquired what she had
come into his room for, and the deceased said to request
him to intercede for her With his brother, who had Ahreat-
ened to give her into custody for some robberies which ha
charged her with having committed in his house. Witness
said that if she confessed the truth, he was willing to do so,
and the deceased's answer was a solemn denial of the charge
imputed to her. Witness thought she was intoxicated, and
desired her to go to bed, adding that in the morning he would
speakto her on the subject she had alluded to. The deceased
then &lid she had taken poison, but considering it en idle
facet, witness took no notice, and shortly after she went up
stairs. In about a quarter of an hour she came down again
into the shop, and turm.d the gas on, whell witness, fearing
something serious, got up, and on looking through the sur-
gery window, found she had a large bottle- to her mouth con-
taining laudanum, licfbre witness could 1% rest it from her,
'she had drunk a considerable quantity, immediately after
which she became insensible, and witness having laid her
down on the floor tf the passage, went up stairs to call the
assistant, his brother being from home at the time. Witnees
also sent for his brother and Mr Day, of Salisbury-square,
ld\e'hceaenselSdlr.nDevaeyr
and in the ,interval, before their arrival, administered four
alen dea
Peracaliviieeed,r:ah
A Juror (Mr. Watson)—You say that you•are a private
mpd
eltdii applied
abouttNl' half-pastistomach-pump,
alaedh )noue' calleeptic;ekebtot Sun day morning.
tutor ; are you not a clergyman ? Witness—Yes, I am a
minister of the Church.

Mr. Watson—During the time the deceased was in the
surgery with you, did she not cry very bitterly? Witness—
Yes, she did cry a great deal, and very bitterly.
Mr. Watson—,Did you hear her make a charge against
some union ? Witness—No.

Mr.Watson—Did you not hear her say that some person
had been the cause of all her trouble? Witness—Yes, I did.
Mr. Wat.on—Against whom did she make that charge?
Witness—Oh, against me.

Mr. Watson-Lbid she charge you with having seduced
her? Witness—No-; I think not. 1 believe the words were
that I had ruined her.

Mr. Watson asked the witness whether he did not recollect
deceased saying " God and you only know that you hays
seduced me, and the sin is all on your head." The witness
replied, that he had paid no attention to what deceased said,
' and did not recollect the conversation which occurred. If the
jury would put questions, he would answer.
A juror thought the witness• might recollect.so serious a
matter, having occurred so short-a time previous.
The Comixn—Did the deceased say anything similar to
the obServations you have just heard? Witness—She did.
Mr. Watson—Were you in the habit of coming to your
brother's on Saturday? Witness—Yes, 1 came to preach.
Mr. Watson—Not at twelve o'clock at night? Witness--
No; on the next day.
Mr. Watson—Why did you not mention that which has
_just been elicited? Witness—My reason was that I thought
it was not materiel to the case.

The CORONER said it was very material, in order that the
jury might judge of deceased's state of mind : whether she
was under a false impression, might be considered afterwards.
In answer to a question from the Coroner, whether he had
been intimate with the young woman, witness said, I deny
the charges. My impression is - (checking himself)
No, Sir, I wish to say nothing.
The witness here sat down.

Mrs. Mary Watson, wife of Mr. Watson, of 167, Fleet-
street, said she lived next door to Mr. Scratchley, and while
in her back parlour, about one o'clock on Sunday morning,
she heard a woman crying very bitterly in that gentleinan's
surgery. The partition between the rooms was very thin, and
witness heard deceased say, You have seduced me—you
have brought me to this." Some one replied, " You are a
liar;" acid deceased said, " I am no liar—God and you know
lam not-you alone have brought me to it." Witness heard
much talking afterwards, but could not catch the precise
words,, and about an hour after heard a great moaning as of
a persoh in extreme pain.
Mark Gosling, an errand boy in Mr. Scratchley's service,
deposed to having heard deceased threaten to stab Mr. Chas.
Scratchley between eight and nine o'clock on Saturday even-
ing; when she was perfectly sober. He said she had been in a
desponding state for several weeks, and generally cried very
much when Mr. C. Scratchley came.
The CORONER having remarked on the extraordinary na-
ture of the case, said he thought it was most desirable before
the inquiry was closed, that some of the deceased's friends
should be present, an opinion in which the jury unanimously
concurred, and the inquiry was accordingly adjourned until
Thursday next, the Coroner giving directions to the sum-
moning officer to insure their attendance on that day.

WOLVERHAMPTON, APRIL 1.--On Monday next a
great free trade meeting will be held here, for the purpose of
receiving a deputation from the National Anti Corn-law
League, consisting of Mr. Cobden, M.P. ; J. Bright, M.P. ;
It. Moore, Esq., and the meeting will be attended by the
borough Members, Hon. C. P. 'Villiers, and S. Thornely,
M.P. As we have no building large enough to contain one-
half of the people that will attend at this gathering, an im-
mense pavilion is now being erected expressly for the
occasion ; and there is no doubt but this meeting will be by
many thousands the snore numerous, and by far the most im-
portant in-door meeting ever held in Wolverhampton.
BATTLE EXTRAORDINARY.—As Mr. Compton, of
Southfield, near Lea, Wilts, was walking through a field in
the parish with his gun, his attention was engaged by a hawk
hovering over what he imagined to be a mouse. After due
deliberation, he suddenly made a dart at his intended victim,
and which proved to be a weasel. The old adage. " catch a
weasel asleep," held good in this instance • the weasPi caw
his 14A.Litiay susi,ea use slawk Ysy the head; A
severe struggle here ensued, but at last the hawk succeeded
in disengaging himself, and got away. Nothing daunted,
however, he returned to the conflict as game as at the first ;
the struggle then recommenced, and very soon atter the
weasel was seen dragging the dead hawk towards the hedge,
when Mr. Compton shot the weasel, and found the hawk, as
before described, quite dead, and his head bitten entifely
through in several places.—Hampshire Advertiser.
SUICIDE OF THE GROOM OF SIR J. KEY.—Mon-
day Mr. T. Wakley, M.P„ coroner, held an inquest at the
Watermen's Arms, Old Brentford, on the body of Charles
Shepherd, aged 23 years, groom to Sir John Key, whose body
was found floating in the river Thames on Friday last. On
s3h,Sesoilters, and hope
the bank had been discovered deceased's hat ; in it was found
a pair of leather gloves, in which was the following letter in
the deceased's handwriting, in pencil :--" Dear Father and
Mother,—l wrote this with a broken heart to you, and
,dare
say it will hurt yours as well when you'll hear of my last
end. I had a good place, that you know, but Mrs.
hindered me of It by giving me such a shameful cha-
racter, which .1 did not deserve. I know I have done
wrong, but I could not help it. Aftervgiollondlsybu-3ff,eetrraanfivdresl:onifdg
about with an empty stomach day after day, and suf-
fering so much as I did, and then getting a place, I thought
Mrs. would not hinder me from it ; but she is capable
bnofloetssasi
nyyitnohugi
saali.3o•rtlhGdi:ti
vigne,
the
ye very
t-
to
likelycoaililem.
they will do well In the world and take care of themselves.
I have one wish before I die, which is, that my sister Jane
should have my Bible that Lady Key gave me. It is at Mr.
Pearman's, and I hope she will take care of it for my sake.
So no more from 'your broken-hearted brother, Charles Shep-
herd." On the envelope was written, " Charles Shephaed
now lies beneath the water, all through Mrs. preventing
me from a good place, and made me broken-hearted.'
Verdict_" Found drowned, suppoied by his own act ; but as
to the state of his' mind, there was no evidence to show."
While the jury were signing the verdict, Hughes, the con-
stable of Brentford, asked the Coroner what was to be done
with the deceased's clothes. The reason of his asking was,
that the friends of the deceased were too poor to bury him,
and the expense would, therefore, fall on the parish of
Ealing, the officers of which had directed him to seize the
clothes on their behalf, towards defraying the expenses.
Mr. Wakley, who, with the jury, appeared much surprised
at the orders of the parish officers, said, "Give the poor fel-
low's things tolls mother, and leave the body for the parish
officers."

CITY OF LONDON GENERAL PENSION SOCIETY.--•
On Monday a general meeting of the donors and subscribers
to this charity was held at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate-
street, for the purpose of electing six pensioners out of a: list
,of fourteen candidates, to participate in the benefits afforded
by the institution. Thomas Davies, Esq., in the chair:" The
report of the last year stated that the society was founded in
1818, for providing a permanent relief to decayed artizatis,
mechanics, manufacturers, tradesmen, aril the widows of
such persons, above sixty years of age, by a monthly allow-
ance, which at the present time amounts to 11. 2s. per month
to men, and 15s. to women. The income of the society during
the past year amounted to 1,794/. 12s. 6d., and the expendi-
vtuerseted( iinncltuhdeinl
igfe6f2uBn/d.
)7st.o pLa4i7dnt. oupse.nhsiimeiresa,
ving a5OO/ balancein-
at the Bank of England in favour of the society of 316 k,
last. 6tdhe
14s. 7d. The sum collected at the last annual dinner, at
awnh which
amount
td
exceeding,John us e lblypresided,
ea rly 250amountedthat
receivedto 9341
previous festival. The bank stock of the society now amounts
to 5,6041.65. 4d. The number of pensioners on the society's
books are at present sixty-six. The election of yesterday
will increase them to seventy-two. The ballot closed et
three o'clock, when the names of the successful candidates
were announced.
FACTORIES (N 0.2) BILL.—The new Factories 13111,
brought into the House of Commons by Sir James Graham
and Mr. H. Manners Sutton, M.P. (the Secretary and Under-
secretaryatawittsei for the Home Department), has just made
Amenditappearances thof
fLBraelpartiinntgedt
oshiaapboe .
nrlt i s
in
Factories," entitle A d
andß Bill tocon-
tains as many as 73 clauses, with schedules, &c. The Act is
to take effect on the Ist day of October next ensuing. • The
factory inspectors are authorised to appoint certifying sur-
geons, for the purposes of the Act, and to fix the amount of
their fees. Full powers are conferred on the inspectors of fac-
tories, for the purposes of ascertaining the real age of chil-
dren to be employed therein. Special provisions are enacted
for the annual hme-washing of factories, the protection of
the workers in wet-spinning flax-mills, the due guarding and
boxing-off of machinery, and the general prevention of acci-
dents, as well as for their cure, if any should unfortunately
occur. The hours of working for children and young persons
are to be observed with strict regularity. Respecting. the
peculiar clauses relative to the time of working, we may
simply state, that children may be employed in fac-
tories at eight years of age ; that no child is to be
employed more than six hours and a-half per diem, except
in certain cases (hereinafter -specified); that no woman
above 18 years of age is to be employed in any factory say e
for the same time and in the same manner as " young par -
sons" may lie employed in factories ; and that work is t o
cease on Saturdays at half-past four o'clock, P.M., &c.
factory in which the labour of young persons is restricted to
ten hours a day, it will be lawful to employ any " child" ten
tgionthsemtiandiee
wilostthblyeapm
hours in any one day, on three alternate days of every week,
provided that such child shall not be in any way employed
in the same or in any other factory on two successive days,
tB'toiacmi setaPoliivangilseeisnaainnsddn holidays,''d made
additionalforr
and ncriteulnileanattend an c e of childremat
school. Silk mills are exempted from certain provisions of
this Bill, it being enacted that any child above eleven years
old employed solely in the winding and throwing of raw silk
may work without any proof of haiTing attended a -school for
ten hours a day, but not after half-past four o'clock on Sa-
turday afternoons. The 73d or " interpretation" clause
enacts that the Factories Act as amended by this Act, a*
this Act, shall be construed together as one Act ; that the
word " child" shall be taken to mean a child under thirteen
years of age, and the words " young person," a person aged
thirteen and under eighteen years of age, &c. Thus it will b'e
seen that the disputed question of "ten" or "twelve" ho,:irs,
Wikh has already been so strongly contested in the Howse of
Commons, is, in the present or new Bill, tacitly consgied to
the shelf. The Bill will not, of course, be read a seACrud time
until after the forthcoming Easter recess

- •
13, Great Marlborough-street.
MR. LEVER'S NEW 'WORK,
ILLUSTRATE BY CRUIKSHANK.
" ARTHUR O'LEARY ; HIS WANDERINGS AND PONDER-
INGS. •IN MANY LANDS," Edited by hi; Friend, HARRY
LOUREQUER, and lllustratcd 'by GEORGE CRUIKSIIANK, in
3 vols., post Bvo.
IS NOW READY AT ALL THE BOOKSELLERS
and Libraries throughout the Kingdom.
Henry Colburn,Pablisber, 13,. Great 3l.trltx)rongh-street.

. .
THEATRE ROY A L.-DKUII.Y.LANE.
Imthense-Attraction- for Easter.
It .reFpectfully anr.ounceil, that the Administration of - the
Acafiemie -Royale, Pat is, having consented to a ptolougation of the
roimge if M. Dimon; this eminent Artiste•wiii sing Three Nights in
the Easier -Week.
' !• " MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 8,
.Will lie performed the Opera of-GUILLAUME TELL Arno'd,
M. :Dupree ; -Gessler, Mr. Harncastle; illiam Tell, Mr.
gtretton Lutern,, Mdlle. Allaertazzi ; Matilda, Miss Romer;
.
Martha, Miss Betts
To conclude with the revived Melodrama of THE TALE OF
MYSTERY. Count Bonamo, Mr. Selby; Count Romaldi, Mr.
Cooper; Michelti. Mr. Harley; Selina, Mrs Stirling.
DtP6ll Boxes 71., Second Price 3s. lid. ; Upper Circles of Boxes es..
Second Price 35.; Pit 3s, Second Price 25.; Middle Gallery
Second Price Is.; Upper Gallery Is., Second Price

'THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Mx. BENJAMIN WEBSTER, LESSEE.
Return of Madame Vestris and Mr. C. Mathews.
ON EASTER MONDAY, APRIL 8,
Will be performed a New Comic Drama, entitled USED UP. Sir
Charles Coldstream, Bart., Mr. Charles Mathews ; Sir Adonus
Leech, Mr Tilbury; Wurzle, James Bland; Mary, Miss Julia
Bennett; Lady CI utterbuc k , Mrs Humby.
After which, a New Comic Drama, entitled GRIST
FraO T THE
MILL. Marquis de Richeville, Mr. Charles Mathews ncine,
Madame Vestris.
To be followed by a New, Original, Occasional, and Local Extra-
vaganza, founded on Fact, entitledT HE DRAMA AT HOME; or,
n Everung with Puff: Principal Characters by Mr. C. Matitews,
Mr. J. Island, Mr. Caulfield, Mrs. Glover, Miss P. Horton, and
Miss Lee.
To conclude with the Extraordinary Performances of Professor
RISLEY and his INFANT SON, surnamed .4 Ix Petit Mercure."
The Box-office will be open on Saturday, April 6.
Orchestra Stalls, 55. ; Boxes, ss. • Pit, ; Gallery, 25.; Upper
Gallery, 14 Half-price—Boxes, ; Pit, andy, Is. ; Upper
Gallery, ed. Doors opened at Half.past Si:, the rerformanccs
commence at Seven.
Tickets and Places to be had of Mr I. T. Archer, at the Box-
office, from Ten till Five. _ _

THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUMHOU , LATE ENGLISH OPERA-
SE.
'Under the Management of Mrs. KEELEY.
The Pubic is respectfully informed that this Theatre WILL OPEN
on EASTER MONDAY, April 8, with an Actiress by Mrs. Keeley.
After which, will be produced a New Comedietta, in Two acts,
entitled.HASTY CONCLUSIONS., l rincipal Characters by Messrs.
Diddear, F. Mathews, F. Vining, Emery, and Miss Fairbrother, and
Mrs. Keeley.
To be followed by a New Drama, in One Act, called THE POST
OF HONOUR. Characters by Mess's. Keeley, Turner, Kinloch,
J. Collier, Stanton, Yarnold, Miss Woolgar (from the 'theatre Royal,
Adelphi, her first appearance at this Theatre), and Miss Grove.
To conclude with an entirely new Grand Burlesque Fairy Extra-
vaganza; called OPEN SESAME; or, The Forty Thieves. Cha.
racteis by Miss Woolgar, Miss E. Chaplin, Mrs. Woollidge, Miss
Turner, Miss Grove, Mrs. Wigan, Miss James, Miss Fairbrother,
and Mrs. Keeley, Messrs. F. Mathews, Turner, Younge, Wigan,
Yarnold, and Chaplin.
PRICES OF ADMISSION.—First Price--oxes, 45.; Upper
Boxes, as. ; Pit, 2s. ° • Gallery, 6d. Second Price—Balcony Boxes, 2s. ;
Upper Boxes, Is 6(1. ; Pit, Is. Private Boxes on the Balcony tier
(holding eight persons), Iwo Guineas Private Boxes on the Second
Tier (ho wing eight petsor.s), One Guinea and a-Half. Private
Boxes on the Pit Tier (holding-six persons), One Guinea. Free Ad-
mission Tickets (for the first forty nights), One Guinea. Nightly
Transferrable Free Tickets (for the first forty nights), Three Guineas
Doors open at Half-past Six. Performances begins at Seven o'Clock.

recommended that gentleman to the notice of the
Government, he did so without any political consider
rations, and he was happy to find that the present
Government had appointed his successor on the same

principles.
In answer to a question frotti..Mr. EWART, Sir
ROBERT PEEL said he was not prepared to introduce
any Bill to reform the criminal lawofigiq.country:,
On the motion of Lord Euvr;_the-Irisli:Franchise
Bill was read a first time.
Mr. HUME gave notice that he would move, after_
Easter, for a more free admission- of the people to
cathedrals and other public edifices: •
On tbe motion of Mr. DUNCOMBE,a copy of the
notes taken by the shorthand writers at the trial of
the QUEEN V. O'CoriNELL-was ol'dered.
A brief discussion took place Between Mr. SHAW
and Mr. F. FRENCH on the Irish Temporalities Bill,
which is too characteristic of the sister country to
be abridged.
Mr. GLADSTONE obtained leave to bring in a Bill
for the registration of joint-stock companies, and for
conferring on such companies certain privileges of
corporate bodies, and also for preventing the estab-
lishment of fraudulent companies. The Right Hon.
Gentleman stated the proposed changes so briefly that
we cannot abridge them. Such a measure was much
wanted, and if carried into effect, will give the public
some security against fraudulent schemes.
Returns were moved for relative to the Menai
Bridge, the Harbours of Holyhead and Port Dynllaen,
the Grand Jury Cess (Ireland), the University of
Dublin, the College of Maynooth, and several other
public Institutions; and the House adjourned till the i
lath instant.

ffithout intending any personal offence to Sir
JAMES GRAHAM, we must confess our habitual
doubt of the soundness or the sincerity of those con-
stitutional principles, which he is so fond of vouching,
as the motives and guarantees of his public acts.
There is one principle which is inherently worth
many, and, under some circumstances, is more ac-
ceptable than all others to the public at large. Poli-
tical consistency is the valuable unit of which w e
speak. It is to be feared that the Right Hon. Baronet
has parted with his life interest in this inestimable
property, as the price of a short lease of official power
and emolument : not that the sacrifice of political
consistency necessarily implies a vicious and inte
rested departure from previously avowed principles,
or inevitably amounts to a declaration of insolvency of
character. Public men may conscientiously differ
lota calo from the party to which they belong, touch-
ing some particular crotchet or some announcement
of general views which that party may fatally in-
dulge, or may have rashly promulgated. The result
of such a difference may not unreasonably be, to com-
pel such men to fall out of the ranks in which they
had originally enlisted themselves, and to take their
stand with some other section, professing opinions not
universally concurrent with their own, but much more
nearly approximating to them, than either the men
from whom they have just separated, or the men whom
they have so long opposed, and will still continue to
resist. But this is a graduated, as well as a necessary
change of original position. But to become—" from
A Whig, and something more"—from a Liberal, and
something beyond it —a high Tory, a high Church-
man, a high prerogative man; this is a metamorpho-
sis more abrupt and more astounding than any which
have occurred since the " mutalasformas" recorded by
OVID, in the most classical of "Wonderful Maga-
zines." We, therefore, are not among the • over-
lanai(' few who give the Right Hon. Home Secretary
credit for having abjured his old leaders, and changed
his old colours, out of some incomprehensible alarm
toaching some phantom of encroachment and spolia-
ions to be visited on the Established Church. Mor-
tified ambition, personal pique, a prescient percep-
tion that he was quartered, in 1835, in a trembling
House, and a lively hope of good things to be found
')ar just crossing over to that on the other side of the
:tray; these motives, or any of them, suggest a
.nll6 simpler explanation of his organic transmuta-
tion into a Cabinet Minister, under Sir ROBERT
PEEL, than the whole combined powers of even Thes-
salian magic could supply.
seerea. ass Issis—a....., 41neln, Ime., owe in0.1.,14,
touching the quality of Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S adopted
Toryism, we are prone to look with distrust at the
measures he from time to time propounds for "the
aublic" benefit. We have already denounced his
morbid appetite for prison-discipline legislation. We
have denounced the horrors of his Pentonville model
pastille. We have shown how those atrocious experi-
ments have resulted, which speculators on the nature
of crime and the relations between it and punishment
have presumptuously indulged in, carrying retributive
vengeance to a pitch that infringes on the exclusive
functions of the DElTY—and strains the decrees of
human law beyond the extremest limits of penal
satisfaction which it has yet demanded—in sacrificing
the mind, in frustrating and extinguishing the moral
sentiment of the convicted criminal. We adduced,
on the authority of an eminent magistrate, and a
most upright man, the two cases of incurable mad-
ness in the two prisoners lately removed into Beth-
lem Hospital, after a hideous experiment of a few
months' " silent and solitary" confinement in this pet
prison of Pentonville—this model farm of stock-
criminal-reform discipline, which has been laid out at
-so enormous an expense, for the peCuliar gratification,
as it should seem, of our Home Secretary. We
have also assigned, at some length, our objec-
tions to one or two Bills, bearing Sir JAMES
GRAHAM'S name on their docquet, that were intro-
duced at an earlier period of the session. In the
Right Hon. Gentleman's statement of Friday night,
on moving for leave to bring in a " Bill for the more
Easy Recovery of Small Demands in the County Courts
of England," there were many passages that fortify
our distrust of the expediency and 'of the con-
In the House of Lords last night a number of stitutional principles of all his legislative efforts.
Bills received the Royal Assent, and, after the pre- Sir JAMES relied for his own justification and the
sentation of petitions, and some other business of no House's sanction of this attempt to remodel and de-
public interest, the House adjourned till Tuesday, fine the jurisdiction of these very ancient institutions,
the 16th instant. on the success which had attended the analogous expe-
In the Commons, Sir R. PEEL moved that the riment of subjecting the Courts of Requestsio the same
House, at its rising, should adjourn till Monday, the sort of treatment, by the Bill of 1839. That Bill
15th. In moving the adjournment, he trusted that raised the jurisdiction of those Courts to demands
he should have been able to state the order in which under 15/. ; and he proposes to give a similar jurisdic-
Bills would be brought forward after Easter, but, tion to his newly modelled County Courts all over
owing to the absence of Sir J. GRAHAM, he was un- the kingdom, on the assumption that the Courts of
able to give the explanation. Requests, established by Local Acts since 1839, with
Lord J. RUSSELL took that opportunity of com- this enlarged scope of action, have given great satis-
•Pleining that only one ship of the line was to be sta-
faction. It may be a convenient source of patronage--
tioned in the Mediterranean. They had important (a consideration to which Sir JAMES seems, in all
interests to watch in that quarter, and it seemed to these cases, more keenly alive, than any Home
him very injudicious to collect naval forces in the Secretary within our recollection)—to create another
Channel, while the affairs of Italy., and Morocco, and batch of Courts, to be " presided over by judges who
other States along the Mediterranean, might demand are very competent to discharge the duties devolved
our interference. • upon them in that capacity, being all barristers of
Sir It. PEEL said the Government thought it right flee years' standing." But we can assure him the
to have a number of vessels in the. Channel for exec- Courts of Requests of this new constitution .do not
cise, which should be ready upon any emergency. receive by any means the degree of public approba-
The interests of the country in the Mediterranean tion he affects to claim for them, and that the public
would not be endangered because the fleet was off the are little disposed to tolerate these jobbing " judge
mouth of the Thames or in the Channel. nominations," made by wholesale. Sir JAMES has the
Lord PALMERSTON also blamed the Government grace to admit that some difficulty would attend the
for leaving so few vessels of war in the Mediterranean. simultaneous introduction of so extensive a measure
More things might happen there in which British in- in all the counties of England at once—and (always a
terests were concerned than in any other quarter of subsidiary consideration with her MAJESTY'S Minis-
the globe, and he thought it not a wise distribution Ministers) great expense, also. Therefore, that the in-
of the naval forces to have only one ship of the line troduction may be gradual he proposes to give to her
in that quarter, in place of the usual complement on MAJESTY in Council the power to bring the Act into
former occasions. . general operation gradually, at - the discretion of
Mr. HUME approved of the reduction, as the vessels ministers. Will Sir JAMES give us leave to ask him
Were generally laid up at Malta, and the discipline of what is his precise merit in the public estimation, on
. the fleet neglected. which he supposes that the nation
hands; as
would.o
intrustneof
Sir R. PEEL, in reply to some remarks of Mr. such a " discretion" in his
NYSE, complaining of the hurried manner in which those Ministers? We trust that this clause
the Irish Registration Bill was to be carried on, said will be expunged from the Bill. Then be
' ' he had no wish to press the second reading against proposes to pay the judges of these new courts
the wish of Irish Members, and he would postpone by salaries—the clerks by fees. The distinction is
the second reading of the Bill from Monday (the invidious as to the clerks ; but as to suitors and par.
15th) till Friday. ties the fee system has been already denounced and
Sir R. PEEL laid on the table certain documents re- abolished wherever Parliament have had an oppor-
lating to the treaties lately entered into between tunity of dealing with it in connexion with all legal
England and China. In laving before the House the salaries. - To introduce it in a system of revised
last diplomatic paper from Sir IL POTTINGER he could county courts machinery is an idea that could have
net refrain from bearing testimony to the ability, zeal, found no habitation in any brain except one so per-
firmness, and discretion with which he had performed ; versely constituted as Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S. Why,
so many difficult duties, and which had secured to ' it would be the readiest conceivable course to foment
him not only the confidence of his own Government, vexatious suits, or dishonest defences, and multiply
but also the confidence of th 9 Cninese authorities. It 1 proceedings and expenses to their utmost limits, in
was imp6ssible to bear higher testimony to the merits ' order to el the pockets of these dragons' teeth clerks,
of Sie:.a.l. POTTINGEIS than he could, but he was of whom the Home Secretary is about to sow so
Mwarj Sllat a panegytie was weakened by being di- , litigious a crop. We
,have no
,ohjectien to_the scope
vit
luted.- of the new jurisdiction "which is to extend to cases of
y
140 O
ct'PALMERSTON
eXpress by Sir IL PEEL, and said, that when he lof unlawful holding of property in certain cases, or
kt

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE OF ARTS.
EASTER MONDAY, APRIL 8.
Toe RE.OPENINI4 of ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHI-
THEATRE of AR IS (under the management and sole oreprieter-
ashnii gfrallar.ticßAlec"Tiowiatntia
u equalled ttnateison
of tohfe icriculeetrainl
Bitty's Matchless Stud of beautiful Horses, Fairy Ponies, &c.
Mr. Batty, iq announcing the Re-opening of Astley's for the se.
cond season of his management, begs respectfully to nquaint the
Nobility, Gentry, and public that, encouraged by the flattering
success during the past year, and finding the 'theatre not suffi-
ciently commodious for its numerous pitrons, he entered into an
extensive arrangement wdli Messrs. Haward and Nixon, the emi-
nent builders of Lambeth, for the re.cons. ructing on a magnificent
and novel principle, the whole of the interior of the Theatre,
which has been rebuilt, dress boxes enlarged, upper boxes widened,
and pit and galleries extensively improved. Fourteen glass lustres
are added, aiici a Grecian dome co.liog, with entirely new sp'endid
classic decorations, and gorgeous apppintments, which, with the
tivst.rate talent to be off.tred he presumes cannot tail of obtaining
that support so liberally bestowed on his endeavours during the
last season. The grand Easter national Spectacle will combine all the
splendid historical effects of the Norman Conquest of England.
produced by Mr. W. D. Broadfoot. The Cirque Olycapique will in.
traduce un quailed equestrian talent, and the double company com-
prise talent of the highest older.
The door will open nightly at six o'clock, and the performance'
commence at s ven. Box-office will beopened on Saturday, April ti,
and continue so daAy from ten till four. The private boxes have
been reconstructed and decorated with care ,nd splendour.
Acting and stage-manager, Mr. W. D. Broadfoot.

0 VE•S POLYPHONIC ENTERTAINMENTS,
CROWN AND ANCHOR TAVERN, STRAND. •
Mr LOVE has the honour to announce that he will RESU iIJE
HIS ANNUAL POLYPHONIC ENTERTAINMENTS, and
LEC I URES on LIFE and CHARACTER on EASTER MON.
DAY, and wits coAinue the same on the following WEDNESDAY
and FRIDAY. He will introduce much Novelty, which has been
long in preparation, with entirely New, and Appr-priate Mutative
Costumes and A pointments.
. Total Change of Entertainments Every Evening.
On MOND kY, April 8, MIRTH AND MARVELS; with A
WOLF 1N SHEEP'S CLOTHING; and other Entertainme .ts.
On WEDNEiD.LY, April In, LOVE'S REMINISCENCES;
with MINE HOST'S DILE MAS ; and other Entertainments
On F,,IDAY, Ap,il 1.2, LOVE IN ALL SHAPES; with LOVE'S
LABOUR'S LOS I'; and other Entertainments. •
Part .culars in Handbill:. D >ors .;pen at Half-past Seven; begin
at Eight. Admission, Is. 6d.; Reserved Se.rts,2a. 6d.

THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, Amt. 2.
THERMOMETER, Lowest, 39 ; Highest, 58 ; Noon, 62.
BAROMETER, 30.2.—W1ND, N.N.E.
NOTE.—The number 32 on the Thermometer denotes the
freezing point, and 55 temper4te. In Barometers fair is
usually placed.opposite 30, and rain at 29.

. . _
Mall WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE TICS DAY.
Morning ... 3Y. minutes after 1 1 Evening 57 minutes after I.

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