The Sun.
London, England, 1868-06-29 00:00:00

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I A VISIT TO THE SULTAN 0
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THE FREE- TRA DEII,

(From th 3 Anglo-Ainerican Vines)
The League, the advocate of free trade in Ame-
rica, lias adopted the uncompromising name of the
Free-Trader, dropping its old designation as not
sufficiently indicative of its purpose. The June nu:n-
ber inaugurates the change as it then commences its
second volume, and we allah to it the more parti-
cularly as we were instrumental in circulating a
statement now shown to be an error. It has been
frequently asserted that the Protectionists chal-
lenged the Free-Traders to unite with them in
publishing in the same periodical the arguments on
'both sides, so that the reasons for and against
should be brought into juxtaposition and read to-
gether, a proposition the Free-traders declined. This
is repeated in the New York Tribune of May 13, and
after its truth was re-affirmed, on a request that
what the Free-Trader calls, " this flagrant mis-
statement should be corrected." At the same time
the Tribune published a letter from Mr. Williams, the
secretary of the Industrial League, which gave but
a part of the story. The Free-Trader says :—" The
facts of the case are simply these : The Industrial
League,' having been informed of our willingness to
accede to the general ideas embodied in their pro-
position'—namely, to present side by side the argu-
ments for and against Free-Trade—affixed to that
proposition conditions which to any one conversant
with newspaper business were obviouAy impractic-
able. These arbitrary conditions were what we
declined, not the, proposition itself. Having already
established a periodical, and assumed obligations to
our subscribers and advertisers, we were not at
liberty to violate those obligations. Mr. Williams
ingeniously endeavours to pervert our meaning by
his fragmentary quotation from the reply of the
the Free-Trade League, and follows up this unfair
garbling by an assertion entirely unwarranted in

-
fact. So did not end the proposal for a joint
publication, &c.' On the contrary, after giving
our ' reasons ' (which Mr. Williams carefully re-
frains from alluding to), we made a counter-propo-
sition, which we deemed a perfectly fair one." Of I
the proposition we are not qualified to judge, but it
was declined by the Protectionists, and it was
agreed to and carried out that they should publish
a periodical of their own, exchanging articles with
theFree-Trader. In compliance with this agree-
ment a certain portion of Vie - paper is devoted to
the American Industrial League, who proceed to
demolish au article fi% in the .IVer/d on cheap rail-
way iron, and the Protectionists wind up with the
observation that " nothing could be more unreason-
able or fallacious than the World's argument, and
it knows if-, that because railroads in the United
States pay a little higher price for American than
they do for the wor6t grades of British iron that
therefore they are lesers. They then discuss the
Free-Tiaders in council, and acting on the asser-
tion that they must assume and maintain a boldly
aggressive attitude, the Protectionists ask, are
the 33 clergymen, professors, bankers, &c., who
got up the meeting, fools or knaves? Do they de-
liberately state falsehoods, or arc they simply igno-
rant fanatics? They combat the statement that
excessive duties lessen revenue by comparing the
" revenue" tariff of 1858 and 1859 with the
" protection" tariff of 1866 and 1867, by which
it appears that in the latter years the sum ob-
tained was fully four times that oc the former
years, and then exclaim, " Oh, shame 1 where
is thy blush ?" They forget to state that before the
war, as the Government required a very small sum
no effort was made to raise a large revenue, but
that after the war it was essentially necessary to
extract the highest obtainable amount, and the
question mow is how to adjust the tariff, getting
the mcst with the least possible injury to the
general body of the people. There are cer-
tain articles which the United States must

import., no matter how high the duty ; there
are others which the United States need not

import, as they can be produced at home. The
revenue will be ii,creased up to a given point by in-
creasing the taxes on the former. Beyond that
point, unlers a necessary of life, smuggling, adulte-
ration, and a lessened consumption will checkmate
the revenue. If the Protectioa be made prohibi-
tive in the latter, the revenue will nat of course be
increased, for the effect is mere!y to do what the
Protectionists desire, that is to create the manufac-
ture in the country. The sole question is whether
such a policy be wise or not, and any deviation in the
arguments from this is merely stirring up mud and
dust to obscure the real merits. There is uo neces-
sity for the Industrial League to use up their space
" in exposing to reprobation and scorn the fallacies
and falsehoods of the Free-Traders." What they
have to do is to prove that it is a sound policy for
the United States to prohibit the introduction of
any article that can be made at home. No doubt
there is much to be said for and against ; and what
may be a sound policy in Great Britain, for in-
stance, may not be a wise oue in the United States.
But the professors at whom the Industrial League
sneer, putting the "Doctor" in italics, are neither
" fools" nor "knaves," nor " liars," nor " igno-
rant fanatics," for maintaining that the science of
political economy is founded on the universal laws
of nature, which cannot be violated by any nation,
under any circumstances, with impunity. If the
United States be an exception it is for them to
prove it, for every man has a right to know why he
should be compelled to buy what he considers an
inferior article manufactured by Brown, when but
for this compulsion he would buy at a cheaper rate
what he considered a superior article manufactured
by Smith. It is not a sufficient reason that Smith's
factory is in a foreign country, unless it can be
shown :that the common weal is benefited by ex-
cluding Smith and propping up Brown. It may be
good for Brown, and Brown will boldly essert that
it is good also for his fellow citizens, but he ought
to show very satisfactory reasons before these citizens
submit to be mulcted for his benefit, and these reasons
are in no way contained in opprobrious epithets.
The Industrial League will not advance their cause
by such a "boldly aggressive attitude" as that. We
must, however, in justice add that the Free-Trader
is not immaculate. It talks of the " nefarious
schemes of the League ;" it declares itself the
champion of freedom against the assaults of private
greed; it alludes to one "misrepresentation from a
source from which many more will doubtless
emanate," and to the course which their opponents
had seen fit to adopt as unworthy of honourable
contestants. The subject is, however, one highly
calculated to provoke bitter controversy. It
affects men's pockets, and therefore much latitude
must be allowed ; and, on the whole, the Free-
7rader is written with dignity and moderation.

The correspondent of the New York Herald says
of the recent Abyssinian captives—" For personal worth
there is not one of the late captives equal to one of the
Abyssinian generals who was killed, nor would I rate the
best of them at a five dollar gold piece. Rassam, the En-
voy, is an Armenian foo-foo. Cameron, the consul, is a
tall, lazy fellow. Lieutenant Prideaux is a chatty young
fellow of six-and-twenty, sports an eye-glass and is a
confirmed snob. Surgeon Blane is an excessive grinner,
laughs at his own face when peeping at a lookiug-glass.
Rev. Sterns is a venerable-looking fossil. Kerns is a
verdant youth of twenty-one, who was a favourite of
Theodorus ; and there is Brandison, Staeger, Flad, Wald-
meier, Morritz, Myer, Salmuler, Petro, Essler, Schller,
Makerer, Kenslen, Parkins, Bender, Schriber, Zandal,
M'Elvey, and Bardel, with their wives and children, very
ordinary-looking people, indeed—positively not worth
twenty millions sterling. A gallant captain, who is
always loudest in abusing his chokras, calls them a
"measly' set. They look very like a lot of emigrants
just about to leave the ocean packet for Castle Garden,
almost ready to tear each other's eyes out for malice,
envy and hatred engendered on the trip. Cameron had
25 servants, Ilindoos and Abyssinians ; Rosenthal had 10,
Rassam 14, Prideaux six—even Theodorus's mechanics
had three servants each ; and when the return of the
number of servants of each captive was mid° to the Poli-
tical Secretary, you may better imagine his astonishment
than I can describe it."

The place of observation selected by France in
the Peninsula of Malacca to observe the solar eclipse on
the 18th of August has been explored and prepared with
care. The King of Siam has signified his intention of
being present at the labours of the commission. Indepen-
dently of this expedition, the Academy of Sciences has
nominated an astronomer for the same 'purpose to go to
Masulipatam to act in concert with others sent from Eng-
land.
Oxford has shown itself more liberal than Cam-
bridge with regard to the admission of students.
Hitherto no one could enjoy the advantages of either
university without submitting to the restrietiobs and
expanse of connection with soma college. In future
any one will be able to eta ly at Oxford under uni-
versity tutors, pasi the university examinations, and
obtain degrees, without belonging to any college—a
statute to this effect having been carried at a numerously
attended convocation last week. It is impossible not to
perceive that this is one step, amongst others, towards
making the University a truly national institution. A
similar proposal w.ts rejected at Cambridge a short time
ago.—Athenmon.
EXCLUSIVE, VERY IMPORTANT, RARE, AND VALUABLE
are the properties of Lamplougli's Pyretic Saline, curing the
worst headaches, sickness, skin, or binary affections. Pleasant,
palatable, and invig rating. Sold by all Chetulsts.—[tidvt.]

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T 744.4

The following is an extract from &private letter from the
commander of one of her Majesty's ships, dated Guadur,
May 15, 1868 :—" I arrived at Muscat after a capital
voyage of six days from Aden. Muscat is the chief town
of the possessions of the Imaure, or Sultan of Muscat, who
lives there, whose father was murdered last year. The
English have recogrised him, and sent an English officer
to reside there as political agent. The agent was not there
when I arrived, so I fired a royal salute of twenty-one
guns in honour of the Sultan, which was immediately re.
turned by the guns on the forts. 1;lis Highness sent his
Prime Minister and an interpreter on board to welcome
use, and to say- that he would give me an audience
the next day. Accordingly, the next day my executive
officer and myself got ourselves into very hot uniform,
girded on our swords, and presented ourselves at the
portals of the pa.lace. We entered a large open quadrangle
lined on all sides by Arab and Persian guards. The Sultan
came out to receive us, shook hands, and ushered us in
the Durbar ' room, where we all found chairs. He
seemed a gloomy man. After partaking of coffee, sherbet,
&c., and talking a little, we took our leave, telling his
Highness we hoped he would live a thousand years, &c.
The same evening we rode out on the Sultan's horses,
splendid Arabs. European saddles and bridles were
thoughtfully prepared for us. The present Sultan, lam
told, has not many women in his harem, only a few
Georgians. But the harem of his late father is a very
large building, containing a great quantity. Since the
pki man's death I believe they have been kept entirely
secluded. The second morning that we were there we sat
down on an old fallen tree, in a place which commanded
a full view of the windows (iron barred) of the seraglio.
To onr surprise, several of the women came to the win-
dows, some kissing their hands to us, and so on. We were
near enough to see that they were all pretty, and thought
it a great shame that they should be cooped up for the
rest of their days. Prom Muscat I went to Guadur,
telegraph station, and found there a political resident,
Captain Ross, and his wife, both most hospitable and
agreeable people, as also is tip superintendent of the tele-
graph. The telegraph will be repaired in a couple of
days."