The Sun.
London, England, 1844-06-25 00:00:00

JUNE 25, 1844.
No. 16,180. LONDON, TUESDAY EVE Ny

PRICE sd.

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MIDSUMMER HOLIDAYS,

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION,
LONOBOTTOM'S PHYSIOSCOPE exhibits the human face
with its varied expressions, on a gigantic scale, curiously contrasted
with the living man. The OPAQUE MICROSCOPE magnifies ef-
fectively a succession of WORKS of the FINE ARTS ; also casts of
ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS, taken by Miss Wilson from the WALLS
of the TOWER of LONDON, cut by Lord Guilford Dudley and other
State Prisoners. The DAILY POPULAR LECTURES abound in in-
teresting experiments. ARMSTRONG'S HYDRO-ELECTRIC MA-
CHINE. DIVING BELL and DIVER. NEW DISSOLVING
VIEWS, &c. &c. The Music is conducted by T. Wallis, Mus. Dec.
Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

GENERAL TOM THUMB.-RE-OPENED
for the MIDSUMMER HOLIDAYS.—Owing to numerous
requests from parents and others, whose children will visit London
during the holidays, the General has returned to CATLIN'S IN-
DIAN GALLERY, EGYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY, for a short
period ; exhibiting in the day-time only from Eleven to One, and
from Half-past Two to Five, representing the Grecian Statues, Na-
poleon musing, songs, dances, &c., &c. The elegant presents from
her Majesty, the Queen Dowager, the Duke of Devonshire, and
others, may be seen in the Hall. The General will give Grand Con-
certs at the Adelaide Gallery, on each evening of this week, from
Seven to Nine o'clock.—Admission, is.

EGYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY.
(Patronised by the King of Saxony.)

The Nobility, 'Gentry, and Public are respectibily informed that
the CELEBRATED GERMAN DWARF FAMILY, consisting of
Two Brothers and a Sister, who by their astonishing pantomimic
performances have gained the applause (testified i Y certificates) of
the several Continental Courts before which they have had thu ho-
nour to appear, are exhibiting daily at the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly,
Open from Eleven until Two o'clock, and from Three until half-
past Eight o'clock.—Admission, Is.

THE NEXT DISTRIBUTION OF MONEY
DIVIDENDS AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED by HIS
MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA contains Money Dividends
of— 450 460 470 480 £9O
4100 4119 4120 4150 4200
4400 4600 4800 41,000 41,500
£5,000 and 23,000 sterling.
_ _ ._ . . _ _ _ _

This Distribution contains as many Dividends as Bends. Every
Bond a Dividend!
Smallest Dividend - £5O
Largest Dividend - - £23,000
Direct for Prospectus, with bill particulars, without delay to
HEINE BROTHERS, at Hamburgh.
Or to HEINE BROTHERS, at Lubeck.

GUARANTEE SOCIETY
Established by Act of Parliament.
SECURITY GIVEN for the FIDELITY of PERSONS in
SITUATIONS of TRUST.
Particulars may be obtained daily, at the Society's Office, No. 28,
Poultry, between the hours of Nine and Five o'clock.
AGENTS.

Mr. Nathaniel Lea ..
Messrs. G. Edwards and 50n.... • • •• Bristol.
Mr. H. Ca11ender.........• • • • • . • • .Edinburgh.
Messrs. Alsop and Son .••• . • • -Hull.
Messrs. J. H. and G. Ilidsdale•• • • • • Leeds.
Messrs. Hughes and Ronald
Mr. Samuel Taylor ........ ..... ...Manchester.
F. W. Bulman, Esq. • • • • . • • •Newcastle-on-Tyne.
By order, THOMAS DODUSON, Secretary.

IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Sun-court, Cornhlll, and No. 16, Pall-mall, London.

Notice is hereby given, that the ANNUAL DIVIDEND on the
Shares in the Subscription Capital of this Company will be paid to
the Proprietors at the Office in Sun-court, Cornhill, on and after
WEDNESDAY, the 10th of July next, between the hours of Eleven and
Three o'Clock. By order of the Directors,
June 17, 1844. SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts invested on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAM

'LES.

ROYAL ACADEMY Or' ARTS, TRAFAL-
GAR. SQUARE.
The EXHIBITION of the ROYAL ACADEMY is now OPEN.
Admission (from Eight o Clock till Seven) One Shilling. Catalogue

c 2" 0 Er'
N.eo
g" uPremium ABonus Bonus in 5 o w g 2
added. Cash. —g. OEt
re?,
P.
£ £ s. d. I X a. d. £ a. d. £ s. d. £ s. ds
1837,170 9 3 77 5 1 12 3 9 346 2 3
6011000 74 3 4 1838'144 2 2 64 5 6 916 4 296 13 4
1839 116 16 0 51 511 711 9 247 4 5

One Shilling.
HENRY HOWARD, R.A., Sec.

F. MPLOYMENT.—Persons having a little time
A to spare are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
for the sale of their celebrated teas.

Offices, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopsgate-street.
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a
pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but
little trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per
annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or loss.
Application to be made (if by letter post-paid) as above.

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.

This Institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.

F. FERGUSON CAMBOUX. Sec.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES ASSURED.
MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL
LIFE OFFICE.

25, PALL-MALL, LONDON.
Capital, £500,000.
This Office is provided with very accurately constructed Tables, by
which it can ASSURE DISEASED LIVES on Equitable Terms.
The Extra Premium discontinued on restoration of the Assured to
permanent health. _ .

INCREASED ANNUITIES granted on unsound Lives, the amount
varying with the particular disease.
Members of CONSUMPTIVE FAMILIES assured at Equitable
Rates.

HEALTHY LIVES are Assured at Lower Rates than at most
other offices.

Policies of twelve months' standing are not affected by Suicides,
Duelling, &e. ; and Assigned Policies are valid from the date of the
Policy should death ensue from any of these causes.
F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.

ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
34, BRIDGE-STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON.
Established 1823.
Empowered by Act of Parliament, 3 William IV.
DIRECTORS.
The Right Hon. THOMAS FRAN KLAND LEWIS, Chairman.
HENRY FREDERICK STEPHENSON, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
Lancelot Baugh Allen, Esq. Thomas Edgar, Esq.
Stephen Nicolson Barber, Esq. Sir Alex. Duff Gordon, Bart.
Henry Barnett, Esq. Archibald Hastie, Esq., M.P.
Robert Biddulph, Est. John Mendham, Esq.
Robert Davies, Esq. William Routh, Esq.
AUDITORS.
Francis Dumergue, Esq. I Charles Morris, Esq.
Capt. Robert G rdon, John Gilliam Stillwell, Esq.
PHYSICIAN—John Ayrton Paris. M. D., F.R.S., 27, Dover-street,
President of the Royal College of Physicians.
SURGEON—Benjamin Travers, Esq.l F.R.S., 12, Bruton-street.
SOLICITOR—Henry Young, Esq., 12, Essex-street, Strand.
BANKERS—Messrs. Hankey, Fenchurch.street
ACTUARY—James John Downes Esq., F.R.A.S.
SECRETARY—CampbeII James Downer, Esq.
The following are among the advantages offered by this Society:—
LOWER RATES of Premium than those of any other Office,
which entitle the assured to participate in the profits, and con.
siderably lower than those of any other Mutual Assurance Society.
NO PROPRIETARY to participate in the Profits, the WHOLE
being divided among the Assured.
3'he first, in 183 t, averaged £l6 per cent, on the Premiums paid.
The second, 1839, ditto £3l ditto since the Ist division.
The third, 1844, ditto A 36 ditto since the 2d division.
In addition to which all Policies entitled to the absolute bonus will
receive a contingent prospective bonus of X! per cent. per annum, on
the sum assured, on becoming claims before 1849.
Assurances effected on the equal scale of premiums in the year
18:4, will participate in the Bonus to be declared in 1849.
No extra charge for residence in any part of Europe, nor for pro.
ceeding (in a decked, sailing, or steam-vessel), from any one port
thereof te another during peace, to Assurers not being seafaring
men by profession. Licenses are granted to go to any part of the
world upon terms proportionate to the risks.
Policies on the lives of persons dying by suicide, duelling, or by
the hands of justice' are not void as respects the interests of patties
te whom they may have been legally assigned.
Assurances may be effected on any and every day.
By order of the Board of Directors,
CAMPBELL JAMES DOWNER, Secretary.

BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
PANY, 1, PRINCES-STREET, BANK, LONDON.
This Institution is empowered by Special Act of Parliament,
(IV. Victoria, cap. 9,) and is so constituted as to afford the benefits
of Life Assurance, in their fullest extent, to Policy Holders, and
to present greater facilities and accommodation than are usually
offered by any other Companies.
Among others, the following important advantages may be enu-
merated :
A most economical set of Tables computed expressly for the use
of this Company, fain authentic and complete data, and presenting
the lowest rates of Assurance that can be offered without compro-
mising the safety of the Institution.
DECREASING RATES OF PREMIUM.
By this Table the l'olicy.holder has the option of discontinuing
the payment of all fiirther Premiums after Twer.ty, Fifteen, Ten,
and even Five Years ; and the Policy still remaining in force—in
the first case, for the full amount originally assured ; and in either of
the three other cases, far a portion of the same according to a
fixed and equitable scale endorsed upon the Policy.
Increasing Rates of Premium on a new and remarkable plan for
securing Loans or Debts ; a less immediate payment being required
on a Policy for the whole term of Life than in any other Office.

PUBLICATIONS.

Just published, price 2s. Gd.,
it is enough to rouse the dead !

LORD CHATHAM ROUSED, by the PRE-
SENT CONDITION of BRITAIN, POLITICAL, NAVAL,
and MILITARY.
Pelham Richardson, 23, Comhill ; and John 011ivier, 59, Pall-mall.

.THE CHRISTIAN GRACES.—Three new
SONGS, illustrative of " Faith," " Hope," and " Charity."
Poetry by the Rev. J. R. WREFORD and C. JEFFEREYS ; Music
by STEPHEN GLOVER.
" These songs are excellent alike in poetry, music, and illustration ;
while the musician must be delighted with their harmonies, every
lover of music must feel the charm of their melodies. ' Charity' is
our special favourite."—Musical World.
Post-free, 28. each, of Jeffereys, 21, Soho-square.

In a few days will be published,
THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW,
No. XXXIV. CONTENTS :-
1. The Italian. Drama.—Allieri.
2. L. C. Sulla's Revolution in Rome.
3. The Protestant Reformation in England.
4. Sclavonic History and Literature.—Mickiewicz.
5. State and Prospects of British Husbandry.
6. Modern English Dramatists.
7. Prince de Joiriville on the French Navy.
8. The Sugar Trade and Duties.—French Slave Colonies.
9. Maximilian Robespierre.
10. Lord Ellenborough's Indian Government.
London : R. and J. E. Taylor, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street ; and
all Booksellers.

Just published, price Twopence, to appear Weekly,

Annual Premium payable during

Age. Ist Five I 2d Five I 3d Five
Years. Years. Years.

4th Five Remainder
Years. of Life.

-.-
20 I£l 1 4£l 510 £1 10 11 £1 16 '.E2 3 8
30 1 6 4 112 2 119 1 2 7 4 217 6
40 116 1 2 4 4 214 6 3 7 3 4 3 4
50 216 7 3 9 4 4 5 5 56 3 613 7

PETER ➢iORRISON, Resident Director.
A Liberal Commission allowed to Solicitors and Agents.

THE BEST ENGLISH WATCHES.
AB. SAVORY and SONS, Watchmakers, No.
• 9, Cornhill, London, opposite the Bank, request the atten-
tion of purchasers to their Stock of London-made PATENT
LEVER WATCHES, which are manufactured by themselves in
their own house. In Siver Cases, with the Detached Escapement
and jewelled, the prices are Four Guineas and a Half, Six, and Eight
Guineas each ; or in gold cases, Ten, Twelve, Fourteen, and S xteen
Guineas each. The very large stock offered for selection includes
every description, enabling a customer to select that which is more
particularly adapted to his own use.

DAVIES'S FINE WAX CANDLES, 18.5 d. per lb.;
they only require trim to prove them the handsomest and
most economical candles in existence, that do not require snuffing.
Genuine Sperm Candles, 2s. per lb.—Superior transparent Wax, 2s.—
Genuine Wax, 2s. 3d.—Best kitchen and office Candles, W.—Extra
and 58s. per 1121bs.—Mottled, 60s. and 64s.—Wind-
sor Moulded Candles, with the improved Wax Wicks, 7d.—Yellow
s. 4d. per packet.—Old Brown Windsor, Is. 9d.—Rose,
29.—Camphor, 2s.—Superior Almond, 2s. 6d.—Superflne Sealing-
4s. 6d. per lb.—Refined Sperm On, 6s. per gallon—Solar Sealing-
wax,
Cash, sitesAS'S Old Established 'Warehouse, 63, St.
3s.
I e (oppo New Slaughter's Coffeehouse), Charing-cross.
Sor Soap,a
n4d6ls'a,lm 525.,
Martin 2, an

CAR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS.
-----
The decided superiority of this Medicine over
iltherto offered to the public for the cure of those dreaafeuvitry other
diseases, gout, rheumatic gout, rheumatism, lumbago, sciaii Painful
is so fully manifested by the increasing sale, and the testimonyc„,.,
thousands in every rank of life, that those who are aware of theex
istence of such a remedy, and have not availed themselves of trying
its efficacy, cannot truly be objects of sympathy. The testimonials or
;hp astonishing effects of this medicine are universally accompanied
by the fact that no inconvenience of any sort attends its administra-
tion, but that the patient, without feeling the operation of the medi-
eine, is universally left in 4 stronger and better state of health than
experienced previous to being afflicted with this disease • and in all
cases of acute suffering great relief is experienced in a 'few hours,
and a cure is generally effected in two or three days.
Sold by Thomas Prout, Q• 29, Strand, London ; and, by his app slot-
ment ,by all respectable Medicine Vendors throughout the 'United
Kingdom. Price 2s. Scl. per box.
Ask for BLAIR'S GOUT and; RHEUMATIC PILLS, and observe
hp name and address of " Thomas Prout, 2•29, Strand, London,"
ropresipeewbri,
-•1 Government S.3mp affixed to each Box of the
Ciiiilfill

she was not sent for as a.witness, but came up of her own
accord to see after her niece. A person of the name of John-
son asked her if she had any wish to come up to town ? She
borrowed the money for the journey; but she intended to
pay it back to the parties who lent it, and whose names were
down in a list. She could not say whether it had been raised
by subscription.
In answer to a juror the witness said her niece was always
kind to her when Mr. Belaney was not present.
Mr. George Hobson, of No. 8, Crombey'S-row, Commercial-
road, bookseller, knew the prisoner six years ago, and had
received from him half a dozen copies of the " Steeple
Chase." The prisoner then resided at Cannon-street-road.
The witness then proceeded to state the renewal of his ac-
quaintance with Mr. Belaney and his introduction to that
gentleman's wife after their arrival in town on Tuesday, the
4th instant, and his evidence was similar to that given by
Captain Clark.
Mr. BAKER said, that as other witnesses were expected up
from the country, he would postpone the inquiry untiliThurs-
day next.
Sergeant M'Cardell said there were two ladies in attend-
ance who had lived in the neighbourhood of Mr. and Mrs.
Belaney down' in the north, And who could speak to the pri-
soner's ill-treatment of his wife up to December last.
The witnesses, however, were not called, and the, inquest
was adjourned until two o'clock on Thursday.

HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.
THE NEW BALLET.

We have .githered from the rehearsal of yesterday the
principal points of the outline of the new ballet, which may
serve to convey a general notion to our readers, and to serve
as a guide to the spectators. Such sketches are always im-
perfect, and of all subjects the mythological are the most
insipid in description. But the grouping, the scenery, and
the dancing in this ballet are in the highest degree effective.
To their merits must be added the nitsjos which full of
admirable melodies, alternately plaintiveand sprightly, and
throughout perfectly descriptive and characteristic. The
music is by Pugni, the plot and action by Perrot. There is
one circumstance in Perrot's conduct, during the rehearsals,
which contributes to explain the surpassing success of all his
ballets. As long as any member of his troupe is imperfect
in his part, he accompanies each step by an extempore
dialogue of his own invention, explaining the feeling the
performer is to express. Perrot has likewise introduced an-
other feature in ballets—every portion of the action is danced,
which avoids the tedious gesticulations and mimickry
between the pas, which the public had formerly to endure,
and avoids those sudden transitions which mar the illusion.
Our present ballet master is of opinion that this portion of
a ballet should bear the same relation to the grand feats of
dancing, which the recitatifs do to the bravuras in an opera.
The title of the ballet is Lelia, ou la Nymphe de Diane,
divided into four tableaux. The principal dramatis persona
are Diane, Copere ; L'Amour, Plunket ; Zelia, Cerito ;
Amyntas, St. Leon ; Fiume, Perrot. In the first tableau,
you see on one side a temple and a statue of Diana ; on the
other, a bower of flowers, which conceal a statue of Love,
and which is the hiding-place of L'Amour himself. In the
first scene, Love is seen reclining and asleep. He awakes at
the sound of the horns, which announce the approach of
Diana and her nymphs. The thought of his chaste enemy
excites his anger; and he swears to be revenged for the con-
tempt of her votaries by seducing one of her nymphs from
her allegiance. As he retires Diana and her nymphs arrive ;
she teaches the fair sportswomen the use of the bow; they
fire their shafts at a target. Here the attitudes, the graceful
evolutions, and the dexterity of the Amazons are sure to
create a most agreeable surprise. Zelia, Diana's favourite
nymph, wins the prize, which is a rose. After this, Diana,
on the point of leaving her temple for the forests, commits
the guardianship of the fane to Zelia. Diana gone—Zelia
amuses herself in collecting flowers to make a crown, which
she deposits at the feet of the goddess's statue. This she
does whilst she dances, and here occurs the pas de la cou-
ronne. At this moment Amyntas, a shepherd, in love with
Zelia, arrives endeavours to steal the crown, and
convey it to the statue of Love, which has ap-
peared on the opposite side of the stage. This
struggle produces another graceful step. Zelia resists all
Amyntas's declarations, and flies away to avoid him. He, in
despair, attempts to kill himself, but Love arrives, consoles him,
and prqmises him success. The second tableau represents a
moonlight scene—a circular temple of Diana, with the sacred
fire burning on an altar in the centre; while the statue of
Minerva and other allegorical figures are seen grouped in di-
vers attitudes at the sides; Diana and her nymphs appear,
and the goddess confides the maintenance of the vestal fire
burning on the altar to Zelia. As soon as the severe goddess
has disappeared, Love shows himself. By his touch lie ani-
mates the marble effigies, who bend towards Zelia, and by
their gestures first, and next by their menaces, invite her to
join in the adoration of Cupid. At the moment that Zelia, by
dint of persuasion, consents, Diana returns, and her truant
votary runs away. The third tableau represents a forest
where Zelia has fallen asleep from the fatigue of her flight.
In her uneasy dreams she remembers her disobedience to
Diana. Whilst she slumbers, a fawn appears, and steal a rose
which she holds iu her hand, and which Diana gave her as a
talisman, and the reward of her dexterity. She awakes, tries
to regain her flower, and here takes place the pas de la rose,
the struggle itself being intended to typify the contest between
wisdom and passion. The rose is lost—Love L'Amour
forstalls the arrival of Diana, and Zelia is car-
ried away on the gossamer wings of little Cupids to the
realms of love. The fourth tableau represents a spot con-
secrated to Venus, whose statue occupies the most prominent
spot. The centre of the gay and embroidered scene repre-
sents a sheet of water, filled by rushing cascades. Zelia,
wafted here, is tempted by the coolness of the stream, and
bathes. Whilst bathing, a butterfly, careering in the air,
attracts her notice—she rushes out of the bath—pursues it
in a pas, called the "Pas de Papillon"—at last she catches
the butterfly, which she presses to her heart. It makes her
heart beat violently—she throws it off, but it is too late—she
has caught the contagion of love; for the butterfly was the
arch-god disguised. Cupid comes to enjoy his triumph,
bringing with him Amyntas, who now experiences but little
resistance to his suit. The triumph of love is celebrated by
the most fascinating dances, too numerous and varied to be
described in our allotted space. It is impossible to convey
any idea of the beauty of the coup d'feil, particularly in the
scene of the Temple, where the statues are animated by Love,
and in that of Venus's Bowers, where Zelia bathes in the
stream. As to the ruling idea of the ballet, it is intended,
from beginning to end, only as an illustration of the well-
known lines of Voltaire, inscribed under a statue of Cupid—
. Qui, que to soi, voici ton maitre,
Il est, le fut, ou le doit etre."

CAPTAIN 15.1bDINOr'S CHINESE 'OLIO
AND TEA TALK. No. VIII.

CONTENTS :—Life of Candida Bin, a Christian Chinese Lady of
Rank (continued)—Chinese Regimen for the Aged— Regulations in
China for Family Meetings—Chinese Maxims and Proverbs—The
Life of Tsing-che-hoang-Jo, Emperor of China, Builder of the Great
Wall, and Incendiary of the Books of the Chinese Empire (continued)
—The Emperor Kang-Ile's Table-talk (continued)—The Port of
Fuh-chow-Foo—The United States and China—The Emperor of
China and the Opium Trade—Tea Talk—Weekly View of Tea Mar-
ket—Clearances, Imports, and Stocks of Tea, &c.
Published for the Proprietors by George Berger, 19, liolywell-
street, Strand, and sold by Booksellers and Newsvenders.

THE POST-OFFICE.

A discussion took place last night on Mr. Duncombe's mo-
tion fur a Committee of Inquiry respecting the statues which
empower a Minister of State to open letters passing through
the General Post-office. The interest which the House took
in the matter is not confined to the walls of Parliament ; it
is looked upon as one of personal application, as well as of
public importance—as involving considerations of private
comfort and security, not less than of national character and
constitutional privileges; and those who took part in the dis-
cussion of last night seemed to be fully aware of the atten-
tion with which it is likely to be regarded by the constituent
bodies of the kingdom. For our own parts, we have alreadyexpressed our opinion with tolerable candour upon the con-
duct which has provoked complaints and petitions. • That
opinion remains unaltered. We believe that State necessity
alone warrants the occasional exercise of a power which
habitual toleration would make arbitrary, vexatious, and op-
pressive. The privilege of opening private letters—in other
words, of violating confidence—is one which it would require
some eloquence,. and more sophistry, to reconcile to English
notions and English habits. It is, perhaps, the most odious
privilege with which a British Minister could be entrusted. It
offends the pride of individuals ; it does more, it rouses a jealousy
for the liberty of the subject. It is one which should be
used very seldom; and then only with extreme caution and
the most tender moderation. But still, even under a consti-
tutional Government, and among a people keenly alive to
the slightest infringement of their civil rights, it is not un-
wisely reserved as a defensive instrument against the
machinations of intrigue and the plots of sedition. In every
state there are times when danger may be apprehended from
sudden tumults and secret conspiracies; and often where
alarm is not felt for outbreaks at home there may be reason
to suspect the residence of foreign conspirators and designing
exiles—men who make the land of their-adoption the point
from which they may best assail the land of their birth and
their,4'oimer crimes. In the first of these cases domestic
policy: in the second the unwritten compact of international
obligations, necessitates the adoption of measures which
nothing but emergency could justify. In both of them,
however, the vigour which is beyond the constitution may
be the best upholder of the constitution. It is far better that
one or two dozen letters should be opened than that the
nation should be shocked and its character sullied by
some madbrained tumult or some monstrous outrage
on the persons of distinguished foreigners visiting
in the character, and entitled to the immunities of
guests. So far, then, we differ from those who de-
claim against the existence of such a power. But we
agree with them when, as in this instance, they say that not
only ought it to be exercised with discretion, but also that
the cause of its exercise ought to be fully explained and
justified. The constitution of this realm wisely challenges
examination and discussion for every other act of Ministerial
authority. Why should the most unusual and the most ob-
noxious be permitted to pass unscrutinized and unexplained?
Yet this is the striking feature in the present case. Mr.
Mazzini's letters—no fewer than seventy—have been de-
tained and examined at the Post-office before they reached
his hands. Of Mr. Mazzini we know nothing. Mr. Carlyle
informs us that, he has " a martyr-soul," and a great many
other properties, perhaps more indicative of an heroic person-
age than a quiet citizen. He may be a restless, enthusiastic,
and, in the minds of certain Ministers, a dangerous man.
But this is no reason why he should be treated worse than
theinmate of a felon's dungeon. His political vagaries and
his political zeal cannot palliate conduct at which Peachum
would have blushed, and Lockit have cried "Shame!" If
he Was suspected of carrying on a treasonable or seditious
correspondence with foreigners in this country, or foreigners
abroad, it might surely have been left for Lord Lowther or
Lord Aberdeen to intimate to him that his movements were
watched, and his letters would be examined. This mode of
proceeding would have been strong and severe ; but it would
also have been honest, manly, open; and, on explanation,
might have been justified by the emergency of the case.
But, instead of such a proceeding, in steps Sir James Gra-
ham and takes the whole management of the matter into
his hands; simply. we suppose, because it required to be
treated with the greatest delicacy, the most consummate
moderation, and by one who enjoyed fully the confidence of
all men and all parties. Sir J. Graham—with the " great
Mott case" staring him in the face Sir J. Graham, who
was taunted with having opened the letters of several Mem-
bers of the House—Sir J. Graham, who, whatever he had to
do, 'was sure to do it in the most offensive and arbitray way
—why, if there had been the strongest a priori reasons in
the world for opening Mr. Mazzini's letters, they would all
have been neutralized by the official interference of the
Home Secretary. Had Lord Aberdeen, on the remonstrance
of some friendly power, felt it his duty to examine a sus-
pected correspondence, some people might have murmured
at the arbitrariness of the act; none would have censured
the motives of the agent. Lord Aberdeen's public character
is known ; it is, therefore, respected, and his actions would
be construed fairly and favourably. Sir J. Graham's public
character is equally well known, but we cannot append the
same inference of opinion to any action in which he is mixed
up. But the best commentary on the conduct of Sir J.
Graham is supplied by the division of last night. 162 Mem-
bers voted for the Committee of Inquiry, 206 against it;
thus giving the Home Secretary a majority of only 44 on a
question which really went to determine his fitness for con-
tinuing to hold the seals of his department one day longer.
We wish him joy of his majority; and we trust that Minis-
ters will learn from this division how dangerous a thing it is
to intrust extraordinary powers to a colleague whose acts
and whose character, instead of inspiring confidence in the
gooaness of his intentions, never fail to excite suspicion,
jealousy, and alarm.—Times.

ALLEGED POISONING AT STEP-

NEY.

Yesterday the inquisition touching the death of Mrs. Rachel
Belaney, whose husband, Mr. James Cockburn Belaney, is
at present in custody, charged on suspicion of having caused
her death, by administering to her a quantity of prussic acid
on Saturday, the Bth instant, was resumed before Mr. Baker,
at the Fountain Tavern, Stracey-street, Stepney.
With the facts of the case so recently and fully before the
public, it is only necessary to say, that Mr. Belaney and, his
wife arrived in town on Tuesday, the 4th instant, and took
lodgings at Green-street, Stepney. Their only acquaintance
being a Captain Clark, a retired master mariner, his
daughter (Mrs. M'Eachern), and Mr. Hobson, a bookseller
in the Commercial-road. According to the evidence of these
parties, as well as of a Mrs. Heppingstall, in whose house
they lodged, the prisoner and his wife, who, it appears,
was a very handsome woman, lived on the fondest terms.
On Saturday, the Bth instant, the prisoner called Mrs. Hep-
pingstall to his wife's assistance, and in about ten minutes
afterwards she died in that person's arms, the prisoner at
the same time observing that her mother died of a somewhat
similar attack nine months previously. A post mortem exa-
mination was subsequently held upon the body, and after
that the prisoner admitted to Captain •Clark, Mr. Hobson,
and afterwards to a surgeon named Garrett, that he was in
the habit of taking prussic acid to correct his stomach, and
owing to an accident he left some exposed in a tumbler in
his wife's bedroom, into which he presumed she poured
some water and drank it off in a mistake, having previously
taken some salts. The prisoner explained his not making
this statement before, by saying that he was ashamed to
admit such neglect respecting so deadly a poison on the part
of a medical man.

The first witness examined yesterday was Mr. Thomas
Donoghue, the surgeon from whom the prisoner had pur-
chased the prussic acid, as well as some acetate of morphine,
a most deadly poison, together with salts, senna, and carbo-
nate of soda. In his evidence before the magistrate at the
Thames Police-court, on Thursday, the witness stated that,
on the Monday after the death of the deceased lady, Mr.
Belaney and Captain Clark called upon him, about half•past
eight in the morning, when the prisoner said he had had a mis-
fortune with the acid, as the neck of the bottle had come oft;
and lie wished witness to attend the inquest. Being more
closely examined upon this point yesterday, the witness en••
tered snore fully into detail, and stated that Belaney, in the
presence of Captain Clark, told him that the phial being
tightly stopped, in trying to open it, lie broke off the neck,
and being desirous of saving the acid, he put the contents
into a tumbler in Mrs. Belaney's room. Having left the
room for a while he heard a scream, and coming back he
found that his wife, who had taken some medicine, had, as
he presumed, by mistake poured water into the glass which
contained the prussic acid,. and drunk off the contents. He,
at the same time, requested witness to attend the inquest
which was to be held that day.
This evidence excited considerable surprise in the inquest-
room. It will be recollected that Captain Clark deposed that
the prisoner never mentioned anything to him about the
prussic acid until the evening of Monday, and yet Mr. Do-
noghue was quite as positive that the whole facts were de-
tailed by Mr. Belaney, in Captain Clark's hearing, as early as
half-past eight o'clock on Monday morning.
The CORONER, who seemed to think that there must be
some great mistake as to dates, questioned Mr. Donoghue
closely as to whether that conversation did not take place on
the Tuesday morning subsequently to the death, but the
witness persisted in saying that it was on the Monday, and
lie was confirmed in his memory of the date by the fact of
his having been summoned to attend on that day at the Ce-
ntral Criminal Court in a stabbing case.
Mr. Donoghue's servant-boy was then sent for. He re-
membered Captain Clark and another person calling at his
master's house; but could not possibly tell on what day of
the week it happened.
Captain Clark was then again called, and asserted most
positively that it was on the Tuesday morning that Mr. Be-
laney made the statement to Mr. Donoghue.
Mr. BAKER said that was a fact which it would be very
important to have ascertained correctly.
Mr. Donoghue said, that on hearing the statement lie
thought it odd Mr. Belaney had not called on him on Sunday.
Captain Clark said he thought Doctor Garrett could throw
a light on the doubt, and that gentleman being called,
said he understood the interview had taken place upon the
Tuesday.
Mrs. Mary Stobbs, a widow lady, and aunt of Mrs,Belaney,
was then called. She trembled a good deal, and appeared
greatly affected when first sworn. She said she resided at
North Sunderland, in Durham, and rented a farm from her
late sister, Mrs. Rachel Skelly, mother of the deceased, at
lOU a year. She went twice to see her sister before her
death. Her sister was then living at the prisoner's house ;
but she did not see him there on those occasions. On the
Saturday she saw Mr. Belaney, who told her Mrs. Skelly was
asleep, having had a little laudanum, and expressed a hope
that she would be better when she awoke. Witness under-
stood Mrs. Skelly died that day ; but her niece did not ask
her in. Mrs. Skelly generally enjoyed good health, and was
not subject to fits. "
Mr. Clarkson here interposed, and asked whether it was
intended to try a double inquest. He had no objection to the
production of every possible evidence; but, if the case went
to another place, good reason would be shown why the wit-
ness should not have been with her sister.

The CORONER said he had no bias whatever in the case,
his only object being to do justice and elicit the truth.
Mrs. Stobbs then proceeded to state, that she understood
the property which she rented from her sister passed on that
lady's death to Mrs. Belaney, and from her to her husband.
Witness received notice to quit from Mr. Belaney, whose
wife, on Mrs. Skelly's death, she looked upon as her land-
lady. Witness told Mr. Belaney she did not expect a notice
to quit ; but he replied it was Mrs. Skelly's express wish.
Witness, however, had reason to think otherwise. She did
not know on what terms the prisoner and his wife lived, as
she had not seen them above twice together. Mrs. Skelly
had five houses, aad had no child but Rachel. Witness,
before Rachel's marriage, placed some money to her account
in the Newcastle Bank. The prisoner, besides the work on
Falconry, wrote a little poem called the " Steeple Chase."
Mr. Clarkson here again interfered, and requested, if
this evidence was considered material, that it should be
taken down ; if not, he could not conceive why it should be
gone into.
Mr. BARER said, that lie perhaps had a clearer view of the
case than the Learned Gentleman, having been furnished
with more materials than the Learned Gentleman, who, it
might be, had not seen this book.
‘aSbtoeteltplaem Cohna gseili ae
jsinuraolrl sP. co
Mr. Clarkson—Oh yes, I have. I have neglected nothing
necessary to my client's case.
The
h amuprhlreetpionrrtt.ymhea,dwansothen
handed
op-
portunity of seeing it ; but he understood it to be a local
pasquinade, abounding in;e
ver
spirit exhibited in the personalclever
on
invective.
Falconry,
published
t was üb-
fig
shed in 1838, and Mr. Baker said he was lad to see a better
in 1841.

Mrs. Stobbs, being cross• examined by Mr. Clarkson, a aid,

25, Jermyn-street, 6th Mo. 24, 1844.

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TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNIMI CHRONICLE.
Sir,---The votes of certain free-traders who supported the
Government on Monday night last agaivAMr. Miles's
amendment have been the subject of severe animadversion in
the columns of your paper. There has been much misre-
presentation, and, I trust, unintentional sophistry in those
comments. The conduct of public men is fair matter for
comment or controversy; but political polemics need not
altogether eschew the maxims of political morality.
" A Thorough Free-Trader" in your paper of Saturday,
undertakes in a letter addressed to Mr. Cobden, to "vindicate
his principles," from the charge of " impracticability," which
that gentleman, he says, has for a moment stamped upon
them by his vote on the sugar duties. To vindicate a prin •
ciple from the charge of " impracticability," would seem to
require some relation between thee arguments used, and the
particular mode in which that principle was sought to be ap-
plied. But throughout the lengthy letter of this "Thorough
Free Trader," there is not a single attempt made to
connect the purpose of the letter with the principle of free
t rade. It is, from beginning to end, a tissue of special plead-
iegs, irrelevant pretexts, and a most uncandid substitution
of technical forms for practical realities. The fair and only
question which this "Thorough Free Trader" had to consider,
reference to that debate, was simply whether or not Mr.
Miles's amendment proposed to give more or less protection to
the West India planters than the measure of the GOVern-
ment. That was the question. There was no other before
the House. Not a speech was made on either side, during the
Friday or Monday nights' debate, which did not altogether
proceed upon this assumption. There was no shifting of the
qaestion at issue upon a mere technical form. It was a
direct and acknowledged division, on both occasions, for or
against Mr. Miles's amendment. It will not do to plead the
letter of a mere form against the spirit of a direct pm pose.
To place the issue on any other grounds than the express and
avowed conviction of every man who took a part in the dis-
cussion, is an uncandid paltering with the common sense of
the community, and an attempt to salve sensitive con-
sciences into a quibbling acquiescence with suspected fraud.
The "character of impracticability," which your corres-
pondent says Mr. Cobden has stamped on the principles of
f. ee trade, requires a little more explanation at the hands of
a "Thorough Free-Trader" to make his meaning clear. It
is one of those phrases which men sometimes use to reconcile
party purposes with the practical repudiation of recognised
principles. Had Mr. Cobden thought more of displacing a
iovernment than advancing a great principle—had the free
traders thought less of free trade, and more of the chances
that political anarchy might have thrown up for political
speculators—they would not have been charged with stamp-
ing the principles of free trade with " impracticability," but
would have been hailed as the patriots of party, purchasing
political reputation by repudiating past professions and
avowed principles. A" Thorough Free-Trader"says the vote
on FridaAnight was simply as to whether theold sugar duties
should or should not be continued till July the sth. That the
technical forms of the House necessitate se.l, a muposition as
preparatory to the introduction of certain modifications of an
old law, to be afterwards introduced, is undeniable • but can
any man, without a gloss preference for subterfuge over
plain dealing, maintain that in that proposition was not con-
tained, or held to be contained by the whole House, the sanction
or rejection of the general scale of duties proposed by the Go-
vernment, in contradistinction to the sanction or rejection of
the duties specifically stated in Mr. Miles's amendment ?
Was there any doubt in the public mind, or real difference of
opinion in the House, as to the consequences involved in the
division ? Did the almost fanatical cheers that followed the
announcement of the majority against the Government, on
Friday night, proclaim or not that the amendment "of Mr.
Miles had been virtually carried ? Look to the newspapers
of the next day. What was the announcement made by every
one of them, without exception, to the public? Why, that Dlr.
Miles's amendment had been carried against the Government.
In face of these facts it is an idle attempt to defend
policy against principle, when the mere forms of the
Ilouse—in contradistinction to the known consequences which
they involved—are raked up for the purpose of complicating
and mystifying to the simple apprehensions of the public a
plain question of more or less protection to the West India
monopolists. A "Thorough Free-Trader " goes into some
lengthy animadversions on the conduct of Mr. Cobden, for
not voting on Monday night for the 20s. duty on colonial,
produce propssed by Mr. Miles, and then reserving to himself
the right of moving the rejection or modification of the 345.
duty on foreign sugar at some future stage of the proceedings.
That, he says, was the proposition then really before the
I louse. Does this " Thorough Free-Trader" honestly believe
this ? Can he believe it ? had not a distinct vote been
previously taken on the question of differential duties ?
1I ad not Mr. Ewart, supported by Mr. Cobden
and the free-traders, proposed an equalization of
duty on all sugars, foreign and colonial, and had
not that proposition been negatived by a large ma-
jority? The only question the free-traders could have
originated had been disposed of; an equalization of the duties
had been been rejected ; and as no free-trader could consist-
ently originate any motion recognizing the principle of
differential duties, their business, and their sole business, was
to make the nearest possible approximation to their own prin-
ciples, by supporting the measure that gave less protection to
the colonies, in opposition to that which practically proposed
to give them a great deal more. The "Thorough Free-
Trader" agrees with Mr. Cobden " in preferring the measure of
Sir Robert Peel to that of Mr Miles; but then he asieerts,
" that neither of those series of modifications was under discus-
sion." What was under discussion ? Why, he says, the 20s.
duty on colonial sugar proposed by Mr. Miies ; and he
professes honestly to believe, that no other con-
sequences were involved in that vote than the
simple diminution of the duty on West India sugar from
"as. to 20s. the cwt. Now, is this a'fair or candid statement ?
It was open, he says, to Mr. Cobden to have moved any
amendment he pleased when the 345. differential duty came
under discussion. That such a course was open to Mr. Cob-
den, or any other free-trader, is unquestionable ; but what
was the real position of affairs in the House at that time?
Mr. Ewart had already moved for an equalisation of the duties
on all sugars. That motion had been rejected by a large
majority. Who composed that majority? The monopolists
of every section, whether Whig or Tory. What peculiar
grounds, then, for confidence, had the free-trade party, under
such circumstances, in the representatives of the late Go-
vernment ? They had preciously voted with the monopolists to
reject JVIr. Ewart's motion, and they were at that very mo-
ment in strict alliance with the most bigoted and extreme
section of the protectionists, to uphold a nieasure which "the
Thorough Free-Trader" himself admits was worse than that
of the Government. What would have been the position of
the free-traders, had they (-cited with the Whigs? One of
two consequences must have ensued. Either the Goveria-
ment would have surrendered their measure, or they would
have retired from office. In either case, the present prohi-
bitory duty on foreign sugar would have remained- precisely
as it is, without modification or amendment. Had Sir Ro-
bert Peel resigned, does any man believe that any possible
combination of parties could have re-constructed a Govern-
ment on a more liberal basis, either economically or politicall=y,
than that which had been overthrown? Would the Whig
party have attempted to form a Government? If they had,
what would have been the fate or policy of such an administra-
tion ? Would a dissolution of Parliament, at the present
moment, have given them any additional strength ? Possibly
some accession to the numbers of the " thorough free-
traders" might have resulted from such an experiment; but
the Whigs, as a party, would probably have found them-
selves as powerless as before. Under such circumstances,
what hope could the free-traders have entertained of consise
tently advancing their principles by any wild and objectless
renunciation of the practical advantages that were before
them ? There was little in that debate to inspire confidence in
the party leaders on either side. Nothing to justify the
free-traders in promoting a transference of official power,
by voting against their own principles. Throughout
that debate the sole object of the so-called leaders of the
Liberal party had appeared to be, to bid for monopolist sup-
port—by proclaiming themselves better monopolists than
their opponents. Both Mr. Labouchere and the late Chan.
cellor of the Exchequer (Mr. Baring) distinctly avowed that
their policy, when in power, had been to give more protection
to the West India planters than that proposed by the Peel
Ministry. It was the to quoque argument altogether—
" Codlin's the friend—not Short." What have you gained,
asked Mr. Baring on Friday night, pointing to the discon-
solate planters and Cornsen-atives behind the Ministry—
what have you gained by rejecting us and accepting Peel ?
We promised you 12s. differential duty—and a final
measure. Your pet Minister gives you 10s, and transition 't"
That cry was the main bearing of the debate. There was no
great principle at issue between any of the real combatants in
the strife. It is a hollow and unveiled sophism to assume
that any other consequences were involved in the issue than
the retention of a little more or less protection to the mono-
polists. The hot rancour of party has been stirred by the
failure of close chances in what, at the best, can be regarded
only as an aimless struggle for a fruitless and momentary
triumph. But calm and reasoning men will look only to
the plain and palpable merits of both sides of the real ques-
tion—and I, for one rejoice that the principles of free trade
have suffered no contamination in this contest, by any com-
promise of honest conviction with the self-seeking plausibih-
ties of political expediency.
One word more as to the political consequences said to be
involved in this division. Your correspondent terminates his
letter to Mr. Cobden by asserting "that the free-traders have
saved from annihilation a Government which tramples freedom
under its feet in Ireland. The instant," he says, " a rumour
reached Ireland of its destruction, there was almost a uni-
versal jubilee. O'Connell released, the wishes of the Irish
considered, justice obtained for Ireland, the termination of
the Orange rule and of packed juries, instantly rose as visions
full of hope to the Irish."

Surely the " Thorough:Free-Trader " himself must have
been dreaming when he penned the above passage, for a
more visionary disregard of plain and sober fact was never
exhibited in waking hours. Let him turn from the
division on Friday night to the state of ' parties
upon Irish questions, only forty-eight hours before, as evi-
denced on the Wednesday night previous, • on, Mr. Ward's
motion for a Committee to inquire into the state of .the Irish
Church, and he will find a clear majority of 95 ** favour of
the Government. And this has been about the working ma_
jority of Ministers on all questions of Irish policy during the
present Parliament. What there.Nas in the heterogeneous
combination of extreme protectiaffists and Liberals on Fri-
day or Monday night to reverse this majority, the vision of
your correspondent does not seem to have disclosed. Such
monstrous and most unfair attempts, however, to create in
the sensitive minds of the Irish people an impression that the
free-traders have been instrumental in retarding the recogni-
tion of their claims to justice must fail from its utter and
transparent absurdity.-1 am, Sir, yours respectfully,
June 22, 1844. A. W. PAULTON.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING CHRONICLE,
Sir,—From comments which have appeared in several of
the public papers, an impression has been created that I pur-
posely abstained from voting on the last division on Mr.
Miles's amendment. lam avTious to explain the reason of
my absence from that diiision.
Not expecting any such important division coming on I
had made arrangements which required my absence fix:a
town, and was, therefore, unable on the second division to
vote against the proposition of Qui Member for Bristol. I
may, say, however, that I fully coincide in the view of the
question taken by those free trade Members who supported
the Government, and regret exeeedinfly that I was not
able to join them in their protest against giving more pro-
tection to the sugar growers of the colonies.
May I ask the favour of the insertion of this in the columns
of youriournal ?—I am, respectfully,
JOHN BRIGHT.

THE BENCH AND THE BAR IN IRELAND. 4R Ire.
land the bar is deplorably servile towards tho bench ; for
judges in that country are not subject, as in England, to
the wholesome restraint of public opinion ; and they of-
tentimes put down a barrister in a fashiowthat would not
be tolerated in Westminster Hall. nothing can be more
dangerous to a professional man in Ireland than to get
into a contest with a judicial personage ; and o large
practice has often been put in jeopardy by what 4ttor•
neys would call the " headstrong independence" of Oa
owner.--Hood's Magazine for June.
The Mermaid steam-ship, Joseph Uearn, cern.
minder, arrived yesterday afternoon, at two o'clock, from St.
Petersburgh, having left the Thames at noon -on the ittli
inst. Thais the quickest voyage yet made with carg9 00!
tween Unden and the Room capital. •