The Sun.
London, England, 1850-11-12 00:00:00

4 '''',!‘c •' ,3c. 1471 . "... •
...
',. s l't . 1 t s•' . . N OVEMBER 19 1850.
.t, .
LONDON, TUESDAY
~ ,
.s.,

DXSP WELD WPM POLICIES.

" A trial of considerable interest to Life Assurance Offices and the
public was concluded yesterday in the Court of Exchequer. The
Eagle Company held a policy for an assurance of 5301. in the Albion
Company as security foi an advance, the payment of which policy
was now disputed by the Albion, on the ground that at the time it
was effected the fact of the assured party having been a man of in-
temperate habits was concealed from the office. "I he chict evidence
turne ! upon the question as to the degree of intemperance that had
been eKhibited, and the result wet, that a verdict was given against
the resisting office. not unly for the amount of the policy, but also for
407. interest front the date when it became due. The circumstance
of the action being brought by one Oni,C against another presents a
striking illustration of the uncertainty which may int atth to all po..
the present:system, and sh.tows that the onlymole by
h ch ansolutt, security can be obtained by the puble !oust lie in the
general adoption by As utrance Offiees of the plan of proteeting them-
selves in every etc-e by Curt inquiries before the grmtint t each po-
lio', tti.l of atterryards ass:lining the bill respctrodbili:y (it the com-
pleteness of such inquiries by holding themselves precluded front
raisihg any- lure question. In the present eve two offices are
found to be.diamottieally opposed in their °pit:l(ms tc what can
properly invalidate a claim, and yet the public are expected to be
able to guarc th emselves ageds;t: such contingences. Sin,diar CaN,,
have occurred before, and even • if they were more rare, they would
seriously in lore the progress of life assurance. The very principle
upon which the business is b:unded is th removal of unefetrainty,
and whenever that principle is counteracted in the sliOitest degree,
the people who wont:: be the first to resort to its advantages are the
first to be deterred."—Times, July 11, 1850.

TiLIE LONDON INDISPUTABLE LIFE
POLICY COMPANY
No. 72, LOMBARD-S MEET, LONDON.
TRUSTEES.
r. Campbell Fenton, Esq., M.P. Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P.
Richard Malins, Esq., Q.C.. I James Fuller Madox, Esq.
William Wilberforce, Esq.
DIRECTORS.
Robert Henry Forman, Esq.
John Hamilton, Esq.
fames Fuller Madox, Esq.
, John Matthews, Esq.
C. Octavius Parnell, Esq.
AUDITORS.
George Cummintt, Esq. J isPs Turner, Esc'.
William D. Starling, Esq. iDavid Henry Stone, Esq.
SECRETARY—David Alison, Esq.
BANKERS—The London and • ..unty Bank
PADDINGTON LOCAL BOARD.
24, Connaught-terrace, Edgeware -road.
Rev. James Sherhold Boone, A.M , Stanhope-stroet, Hyde-park.
Captain Creed, Norfolk-crescent, Oxford-square.
Charles Pemberton, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and Lin-

William Adams, Esq.
John Atkins, Esq.
henry Augustus Bevan, Esq.
.T. Thompson Bramwell, Esq.
Jehn Dangerfield, Esq.

coln's Inn-fields.
Thomas Jervis Antos, Esq., York-street, Portman-square.
George Y. Robson, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and New-
square, Lincoln's Inn.

Secretary, Chas. llogkton, Esq.
The POLICIES of this Company, being INDESPUTABI,E, form
Family Provisions and Negotiable Securities, for their validity is not
dependent, as in the case of ordinary Policies, upon the import of
previous reports and other documents.
Owing to this important improvement in the practice of Life As-
urance, the progress of this Company has been rauld from the com-
mencement of its business, and is steadily advancing.
Copies of the Report of the last Annual Sleeting will be forwarded,
on application, to Solicitors, to whom Commission is allowed.
ALEXANDER ROBERTSON. Manager.

CATHOLIC LAW AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSURA.NCE COMPANY,
8, NEW COVENTRY-STREET, LEICESTER-SQUARE, LONDON.
The FOURT II ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Proprie-
tors of this Company took place on the 25th instant, at the head
Office, at One o'clock precisely. The following is extracted from the
report, which is too lengthy for publication :
During the past year no claims have arisen from deaths in Engler:fa.,
and but two in Ireland—one for 5001. and the other for 2501.—making
together 700/., which have been paid. This is far below the expected
mortality, and is especially favourable, when it is remembered how
severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last
year.
The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1549, and
the 31st of May, 1850, was more than double the number issued in
the twelve months preceding.
Proposals were made for 133 Policies, amounting to 52,9631.25. 6d.:
of these 121, comprising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,1251. Os.
-Sixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,0481., upon which 3201. 33.
was received by the Company in the shape of premiums
Since the commencement of the Company to the Ist of June last,
assurances were effected to the extent of 110,9721. 12s 6d., pro-
ducing in annual premiums 3,7321. I Is. 6d. Of these 51 lapsed,
amounting to 23,990/. 16s. 6d., of which the annual premiums were
7411. Is., leaving the yearly income on the Ist of June last equal to
2,9917. 15s. Ild.
Since last meeting loans were applied for to the extent of 17,700/.,
but 1,1831. 1 is. 10d. only was advanced.
The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the
last four months they had considerably extended their business on
the Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent in France, Monsieur
de l'Etang, a gentleman of high standing in Paris, distinguishpd for
his integrity and ability in financial and in all assurance matters,
who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris,
the Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and Monseigneur Par:sis, Eveque
de Langres, has already within the last three months effected a con.
siderable amount of business, not only in Life Assurances, but in An-
nuities both Immediate and Deferred.
After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning
thanks to the Right • Reverend Chairman, Bishop Morris, the Vice-
Chairman, Actuary, Secretary, and Medical Officers of the establish-
ment, the meeting separated, highly gratified at its present results
and future prospects.

QCOTTISH . WIDOWS' FUND LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Constituted by Act of Parliament.
PRESIDENT.
The Right Hon. the Earl of ROSEBERY, K.T.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
The Hon. Lord Moncrieff.
Ins Grace the Duke of Bucciench, K.G.
The Most Hon. the Marquis of Tweeddale, K.T., and C.B.
Sir William Gibson Craig, Bart., of Riccarton, %LP.
(All of whem, as well as the Directors, are, and must be Members
of the Society.)
This Society was founded A.D., 1,415, upon the original basis of
the Equitable Society of London, and is the oldest Life Assurance
Imtitution in Scotland.
Capital accumulated and invested, Two Millions Two Hundred
and Four Thousand Pounds.
Annual Revenue nearly Three hundred Thousand Pounds.
Total amount of existing Assurances, upwards of Six Millions Six
Hundred Thousand Pounds.
Average amount cf Assurances effected annually during the last
twelve years, upwards of Half a Million sterling.
Probably a larger average than has yet been attained by almost
any other office, and such a, affords the true test by which to prove
the estimation in which it is held by the pu'ilic."
In the case of a party insured with this ,ociety previous to the
year 1819 dying after payment of the Premium due i I the current
year, his representatives would receive for each 1001. insured the
SUM of I S 9/. Os. 9d., or nearly double the amount of the original in-
surance.
In I.ke manner, in the case of a party insured in the year 1830,
dying after payment of tile current year's premium, his representa-
tives v.,oithi receive for each 1001. insured tie sum of 14;1. 4s. 10d.
ur a Ilmiu= of 47 per cent.
N.B. No member is entitled to participate in the profits of the
Society unless the Policy be of five years's standing.
The hooks of the Society close for the current year on 31st De-
cember, and Policies effected before that time have the advantage of
a full year's standing over those delayed beyond it.
Head Office, 5, St. Andrew•square, Edinburgh.
• JOHN MACKENZIE, Manager.
LONDON OFFICE, 4, Royal Exchange-buildimrs.
HUGH M'KEAN, Agent.

ENGINEERS, MASONIC, and UNIVERSAL
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Head Office, 345, Strand, London,
(Opposite Waterloo bridge).
Incorporated under Act of Parliament, 7 and 8 Viet, cap. 110.
Policies issued free of Stamp Duty to the Assured.
A Policy once granted never disputed.
Medical Referees paid in all cases.
No Entrance-fee for admittance.
The whole of the Profits are divided amongst the Assured.
Assignments and Transfers of Policies Registered at the Office free
of charge.
The Board meets every Tuesday and Friday, at Two o'clock.
Attendance at the Office daily from Ten to Four, when Assurances
may be effected.
Persons :assuring before Christmas will be entitled to partici-
pate in this year's profits.
FREDERIC LAIVRANCE, Actuary and Secretary
NORWICH

UNION REVERSIONARY

INTEREST COMPANY.
Notice is hereby given that the HALF-YEARLY DIVIDEND at
the rate of Four-and-a. Half per cent., clear of Income-ta., due 31a
October last, is NOW in COURSE of PAYMENT at the Office of
this Company, 23, Lincoln's Inn[ flelds.
ENRY NORRIS, Secretary. .

N.B.—Proposals for sale of reversions, &c., may be addressed to
the Secretary.
12th November, 1850.

WILL BE OPEN,
THE GREAT EXHIBITION of the IDLE-
NESS of NATIONS for 1851, on FRIDAY, Nov. 15, and may
be carried away for Is. plain, or 2s. coloured, from G. Mann, 39,
Cornbill, and all Booksellers and Stationers in the kingdom.
London : printed by Thomas Dean and Son, 35, Threadneedle-
street.

GAME SEASON.—CROSSE and BLACK-
WELL, Purveyors in Ordinary, by appointment to her Ma-
jesty, beg respectfully to Inform the nobility and gentry that they
continue to manufacture the celebrated SOHO SAUCE, which will
be found superior for every description of game ; also their improved
Essence of real Gorgona Anchovies, Diumore's Essence of Shrimps,
for boiled and fried fish, Royal Table Sauce, Sir Robert Peel's Sauce
for general purposes. Anchovy Paste, Strasbttrg Potted Meats, &c.
rhe whole of the above, together with their superior pickles. may be
obtained of all the7principal sauce venders throughout the kingdom.
Manufactory. 21, Soho-square, London. Established 1706.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks; Chops,
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad,
and by its tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe-
ruard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 6, Vere-street, Oxford-
street, London, and OS, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs.
Barclay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen
and Merchants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in
sauce.
N.B. To guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA
and pER RI NS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle.

SWANSCOMBE, KENT.
9[lo be LET, in this beautiful Village, a desirable
FAMILY RESIDENCE, in complete repair, and containing
breakfast, dining, and drawing-moms, five bed-rooms, excellent
offices, two-stall stable :and coach-house. kitchen-garden, large pad-
dock and well. stocked €rzhard ; a good supply of excellent spring
water.

The premises are a short distance from the Grecehithe Pier,
where bolts call to and from London frequently in the day, and only
half-a-mile from the North;lnt Station.
For terms, &c.. apply to A. it. Steel, Esq., No, 1, Lincoln's Inn-
; or to Fr. I'l*er:crick Goodeve, Ingr,,ss

(ANTERBI7I::( SE'FTLENrENT,

'or ene miy, or by post in return tor Two Posta:;t: Stamps, a

Tract of eight pa ;es.
BRIEF INTORNIATION about the CANTER-
-1:171.117 SETT Llim!:NT, with some Account o! t..e SJurees
wier. Informatiou uhl he derived.
Published for the S.elety of Canterbury Colonists, John W.
Parker, West Strand. . _

P One r,IIIIV.
CONTEN'TS:--1. The pounders of. the •Co'onv —2. Description
of
the Country-3. The Plan of Colonisation —4. Particulars :twat the
Passage—b. Progress to November, 1559-6. List of tite Purahasers
of Land-7. Contents of the :lanterbary Pap2rs —S. The Society of
Canterbury Colonists-9. The Five Class s for which the Settlement
is peculiarly adapted.
Copies of the Tract may he obtained from the Secretary of the
Society of Canterbury Colonists, :co. 9, Adelplil-terraeo, London.

jIHE CATHOLIC QUESIIUi.
GILBERT'S Verbatim Editions of the Pope's Letter ; Cardi-
nal Wiseman's Pastoral; Lord John Russell's Letter ; Bishop Ulla-
thorue's two Letters to the " The Times ;" two Letters from the
Rev. G. A Denison; the " New Batch of Bishops" from the'
" Weekly Dispatch ;" Letter from Benjamin Disraeli, Esq., M.P. ;
Review and Extracts from Ambrose Phillips's Letter to the Earl of
Shrewsbury ; concluded by a Biography of the Cardinal. All these
important documents may be had in one pamphlet, at the extra-
ordinary low p-ice of One Penny ;or Postage Free 3d. ; or, for very
extensive distribut;on throughout the kin,dom, at 7s. per 100.
Publish d by James Gilbert, 49, Paternoster-row. Orders re-
ceived by all Booksellers, Newsvenders, &c.

0 C 0 B R CIRCULA R, 1850.
We would remind the public that all TEA, bad or good, the
be.t or the most worthless, pays an uniform duty of 2s. 21i d. per lb.,
and is necessarily subject to equal charges for freight, porterage,
wharfa4e, dock dues, &c., consequently the commonest is much
heavier taxed, in proportion to its real or marketable value, than
either the medium or tn© finest class Teas. Thus, common Congou
costs in Canton only 71. to Bd. per lb., but before it reaches the
English consumer it pays in duty and charges Ho less than 400 per
cent. ; the medium class Tea, which costs 12d. to Isd. per lb., aver-
ages in duty and charges not more than 200 per cent. ; whilst the
finest class Teas, which cost in China four times the price of the
commoner, psy no more than 100 per cent. It must be apparent
that, with a fixed charge of 23. Gd. per lb. upon all Tea, mere price
alone is no criterion of either good value or cheapness ; and we espe-
cielly direct the attention of those who are solicitous to economise
their expenditure that they voluntarily tax themselves double or
quadrup'e what they have any necessity for doing by purchasing
inferior Teas.

SIDNEY, WELLS, and 1M ANDUELL, 8, Ludgate-hill.
Goods sent to anypart of the kingdom carriage free on parcels of
the value of 5/. and upwards.
Price Lists sent (post free) upon application-8, Ludgate-hill.

TO PARENTS and GUARDIANS.—A portion
of the extensive Premises in Regent-street, occupied by
Mes=rs. NICOLL, will in future be devoted (or the production of
BOYS' and YOUTHS' CLOTHING, such to exhibit unusual good
taste, style, and finisls, besides having a further recommendation in
their durability and very moderate cost.
College Caps and Gowns, with every kind of Garment calculated
for pleasure, duties, or exercise, and such as are worn by Young
Gentlemen at the Colleges and Great Public Schools. These are al-
ways ready to be met with at the Warerooms of 11. J. mid D. NI-
COLL, Merchant Cluthiers; Paletet Patentees, and Manufacturers of
Cloth, R,gent-street (from 114 to 120 inclusive), and 22, Cornhill.
CAUTION.—Many have assumed the use of the word " PALETOT,"
but Messrs. NICOLL are the Sole Patentees of the design and ma-
terial (in Winter or Summer Substances) employed in the manufac-
ture of this inexpensive and gentlemanly article of costume.

•; OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
• Lecture on the Ballad Music of England, by Mr. George Bar-
ker, with illustrations from the most popular Composers every Even-
ing (except Saturday) at Eight o'clock.—Lecture on the Hydro-
Electric Machine, by Dr. Bachhoffner.--Lecture on Chemistry by J.
11. Pepper, Esq., illustrating the Ancient Fiery Ordeal and the Ilanl-
ling of Bed Hot Metals. —Model of Weston's Patent Nova-Motive
Railway, at work dally.—Dissolving Views Illustrating some of the
Wonders of Nature, daily at Half-past Four, and in the Evenings
at a Quarter to Ten; also a Series, exhibiting Scenes in the Arctic
Regions and Ceylon, daily at One e'elock.—Diver and Diving-bell,
&c.

Admission, Is.—Schools, Half-price.
Open daily from Eleven till Five o'clock, and every Evening (ex-
ept .a.turclay) from Seven till Half- past Ten.

GRAND SALON DE D
ROYAL ADF,L AIDE GALLERY, STRAND.
OPEN FOR THE SEASON.
Lessee—Mr. Thomas Bartlett Simpson, Albion Tavern, Great
Russell-street, Covent-garden
Mr. SIMPSON, anxious to have the best Band in London, has re-
tained the valuable talent of th, leading Artists engaged during the
past season at Cremorne Gardens, including the following eminent
Performers from 11,.r Majesty's Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera,
and the Philharmonic Concerts :
First Violins—Hayward, Cohen, Bue's, IL T. Seabrook, Van Hed-

deghem.
Second Violins—Pelcrin, T. Jackson, Edwards, C. Grlesbach.
Tenors —Sapinski, J. Jackson.
Violoncellos—Quinton, W. F. Reed.
Contra Basses—G. Taylor, W. Trantor, Guy, Stubgen.
Flouts —J. Saynor.
Piccolo—Meyer.
Flageolet—J. Tyler.
Noe—J Schott.
Clarinetti —l'ark, G. Tyler.
Bassoon—Nfontara.
Corsets a-rstons—Humfreess, Cottrell.
Horns W. F. Youngman, W. Youngman.
Tromboni —.Wester, Guiraud.
Ophleleide—Mosea.
Bass Drum—Harrison.
Side Drum—Seymour.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT.
omprising Selections from the most celebrated Composers, and
Solos by first-rate Artists.
Overture, " D mino Noir" • • Auber.
Solo (Flute) Mr. S. Saynor
Song, Miss Clara Stuart, "Remember when years aro past away."
Comte Songs by 11. Gllndon.
Selection from Donizetti's " d'Amore."
Conducted by BORINI.
To the votaries of Terpsichore remarks on the excellence of
Borini's Band, after the experience of its Orchestral Triumphs at
Cremorne. would be superfluous.
Solos and Concerted Pieces will be performed during the evening.
Borini's Latest Compositions—The Adelaide Polka, Waltzes to
various popular Irish Melodies, Galop d'lndustrie, New Quadrille of
all Nations.
The Grand Salon, Refreshment, and Ante-rooms have undergone
considerable alterations and improvements.
Doors open at Halt-past Seven o'clock. Admission One Shilling.

R. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho;
i 47, Fleet-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author ,
)rice One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
Commrrs:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
:arsioaa about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
irips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
test, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.
11.
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vole.
Vol I.
A VISIT TO THE LAKES; SKETCH:OF EDINBURGH, &,.
Vol. 11.

THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY ; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, &c.
111.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
"That three score years and ten our course may ran"
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
-ously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
he young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
dtters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
idion of every-day life.

IT.
THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
gIIBTECT : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. Tho casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.
V.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
PROGZANNE :—Lawa and obligations of nature, society, and re-
ligion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
:hoice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
lgure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and Its conversion.
Ise% 86c.
By R. J. CDIVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
(1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
qisttert. Remsotlon hours 'tally till five trveninga. seven till nine.
10 krcyll-olace. itestent-gtroet

THE BLOWING UP OF THE
TURKISH THREE-DECKER.
FURTHER PARTICULARS.

CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 25.—A most dreadful ca.
tastrophe, attended with great loss of life, has jus
occurred. The Neiri Shevket ship of the line, of 120
guns, bearing the flag of the grand admiral, was
totally destroyed by an explosion of its powder maga-
zine on the 23d inst. (as stated in The Sun of Satur-
day). This dreadful accident occurred in the arsenal
at about ten minutes past ten A.M., and was so terri-
fic as to have been heard at a great distance. It is
surmised by well-informed persons of the Admiralty
that it is owing to accident. Others, again, give it out
as the determined act of a sailor who was punished
for misdemeanour, and detained in the hold of the
ship. The most reasonable rumour, and on which I
place most reliance, is,' that it is owing to negligence,
as several canisters of the powder conveyed to the
magazines on shore were in a bad condition, and a
quantity of this combustible was spilled. It is likely
the lower deck was not swept, and some dull mariner
emptied the contents of his pipe on t
i the floor, when
naturally it formed a train, and running to the pow-
der magazine caused an instantaneous explosion,
which was so powerful that it divided the ship into
two parts, and blew up the upper deck, with the
trans and rigging, fully twenty-five feet in the air.
This part fell sideways into the sea, and disappeared
for a few minutes. The lower deck was then ob.
served to catch fire and burn with intense violence
for seven mtnutes, when the ship gradually sank. Im-
mediately after the explosion hundreds of kaiks and
embarkations repaired to the scene of disaitor, and a
number of mutilAted remains, showhey, but little re-
semblance to human beings, were picked up. Of the
Ore
poor whatever
ll
u w,was a
lieutenant
113 taken to the temporary ambulance erected on
shore, 36 died immediately after ; and most of the
sufferersho were in such a dreadful condition that no
euentetnarntati,n:.clas of their
urpecnoveaerryly.
0
drowned, fearfully burnt, and a spike through his
shoulder. He died six minutes after having been
conveyed to the ambulance. A gallant Armenian
porter had both his legs cut clean off, .and still cou-
rageously dictated a letter to his mother, informing
her of hi 3 sad state.
No official list of the loss of men and officers has
yet appeared, but it is ascertained beyond all doubt
that the most gallant officers of the Turkish navy have
been lost. We have to deplore the death of six cap-
tains, who were on board the admiral's ship in con-
ference on a point of etiquette, as also of the aide-de-
camp of the grand admiral, of 14 lieutenants who were

invited to an examination of several pupils of the
Academy, and of 25 scholars of the first class.
The list of casualties is supposed to be as follows :-
1 commodore (Vice-Admiral Mahmoud Exha.)
1 superior offil2er (Capitan Pac aide-decamp.
6 captains, including the commander of the Neiri
Sherket.
21 lieutenants.
30 sub-officers.

including the 'scholars of the
Ac 25 mid:ichli,;ieninieyrf:
640 sailor 3 awl marines.

70 wort:wen sent for repairs.
45 hamrnal, employed to raise the andlors.

75 sailor= belonging to the oche: ship, gni in at•
tendance on their officers.
50 visi:;ors.

14 passengers in kaiks, which sunk while passing
near the ship at the time of the explosiDn.
1 Italian broker.

Deducting from this total the wounded and saved,
there remain upwards of 900 lives lost. The number
of wounded has not yet been accurately ascertained,
as many accidents occurred on board of other vessels,
but they have been so far kept a secret. It is truly
fortunate that but a small quantity of powder was on
board, as, if the explosion had taken place two days
before, the disaster would have been incalculable,
owing to the vicinity of the dock and timber yards,
and to the other men-of-war, which must inevitably
have been burnt. The wreck is complete, and the
whole port is covered with fragments of masts,
bulwarks, and timber belonging to the Neiri
Shevket. The shock was felt all over the city. In
the suburbs of Kassim Pacha, Djoubali, and Fanar,
not a pane of glass was whole, and even at Pera,
which is at a considerable distance, glass was
smashed, and the effect was similar to a shock of
earthquake. The first Minister who arrived at the
scene of desolation were Suleyrnan Pacha, Mehemet
Paella, and Mehemet Ali Pacha. The first, who is
th Sultan'sl t was agreed that
the great admiral, was so affected at the occurrence,
tAhlaethehmeetswAoloinpedaesheav,erwaho i
several times.s
brother-in-
law, should inform his Highness of the sad disaster,
who immediately ordered a sum of 1,0001. to be dis-
tributed amongst the widows, as also that pensions
should be settled on the nearest relatives of the
deceased.

The complement of the Neiri Shevket was 740
men, and but 100 have answered the muster. The
choicest men and officers of the fleet were on board of
this ship. The officers were all well-educated men,
and to replace them will require some time.

50 degrees, and almost free from all mineral, animal,
and vegetable impregnation. In a future section of this
report I hope to be able to give the board more extended
intormation on this point, as also with reference to the
levels of the springs above mean tide. Thus, by galging
and testing the streams at their sources, instcal of in
their course and outfalls, we have the r,alz Ition of the
principle laid down by the board; ,end thts diff•rei.ce
will account fir the varianca cf my results with those
Dr. Angus Smith.
" Table oF Springs and Rivulets, :11,Jwin,..z their hlnislias,,
daily discharg,,, and the nurah,w of how;ei each is
cuivalent to, at the, rate of 75 tzallon: nor 1 -

Nranzs

Ilindhead and 11Lick-
down :
ll9ly-water

Bramshot
Down-lands ..
Headley-down ..
Barford-mills
Devil's-jumps
Punchbowl ..
Cosford-house
Gray's •wood • •
Kotehet
Five other springs .

Hascombe-hills
Sweetwater-pond ..
Bush-bridge
Chapel-copse
Hascomhe ••

Leith-hills :
Totsford
Watton
Rookery

Easthampstead Plain :
"Wishmoor
Broad-moor ..
Sandhurst •• •
Ambarrow-hill
Barkham
Wokingham
Bull-brook ••

Chobliam-ridges :
Pirbright ..
Rail way ..
Cow-moor • •
Cold' ngley ..
Folly ..
Bagshot • •
Bristow-farm

Farnham :
Aqueduct . •
Atinley
Northfleet • .
Longbottom
Bramshill • •
Eversley
Castle-bottom

Worth:—
Farnham-hill

Total gallons ..

~; pt,
.2 '.'s • .

cLP.

1,350,000

13,399,714'
540,000
239,731
3,880,000
360,000
299,995
674,928
84,240
3.2,561
127,562

1,066,795
529,200
224,697
229,111

1,799,7981

890,95 G
1,436,400

388,303
176,840
M,OOO
75,888
101,088
599,914
113,320

810,0001
4'10,000
90,43$
758,160
256,192
630,000
14,999

45,848

134,928
6, 426,000
31,509
43,372
74,779
270,000

656,45*

39,407,3241

T; ~-. a
gt-'t
a.

ts,oool

178,62
7,200
3,197
38,400
15,000
3,999
8,999
1,123
434
1,700

14,223
7,056
2,955
3,958

23,977
1 I ,g 79
19,532

5,177
2,347

720
1,011
1,347
7,99 i
1,497

10,800
6,134
1,285
10,108
3,419
8,400
199

584
1,798
85,650
421

997
3,900,

8,739

Remarks

!Will be la away
I at one degree of
hardness.

One and a-lull'
d:grees under
the mill wheel;
but will proba-
bly be led away
at half a degree
of hardness.

Will be taken
away at half a
degree of hard-
ness.

Will be led away
at one degree of
hardness.

523,15 G

Total equip alert
in houses.

" Giving altogether 39f millions of gallons, which
might be brought to London at a hardness certainly not
exceeding one degree. I can answer for at least 10 mil-
lions more under two degrees of hardness. I must re-
mark, that though these gaugings are only offered as an
approximation, I consider they will evetitually prove to
be rather under than over stated.
" Farnham, Oct. 3, 1850.

" The annexed table of springs and rivulets gives their
hardness, according to Dr. Clerke's soap test, their daily
discharge, and the number of houses they are equivalent
to at 75 gallons per house; an addition of one-half the
average domestic consumption, as proved by an experi-
ment instituted in the district of Earl-street, London, on
a block of 1,200 houses of a fair average class, the gaug-
ings of the sewer gave 44i gallons, and the butts and
cisterns, 511 gallons per house.
" I would remark, that where the springs flow into
ponds dammed up for the use of mills, I have taken the
samples for tests from the springs themselves, as the
evaporation alone of large surfaces of water generally
adds two and upwards degrees of hardness, and the
waters are also exposed to deterioration in colour, and,
as I have found, in taste. For instacce, at Minley Pond,
itself situated between sandhille, the springs do not show
half a degree of hardness, the pond one and a half ; at
Sweetwater Pond the springs have half a degree of
hardness, • the pond two degrees; at Bushbridgo the
springs have ore degree of hardness, the pond nearly six.
" I would here remark that an erroneous opinion
seems to prevail generally that large bodies of water
should be exau3iued for test of quality, which, in pro-
portion to their size alone, show a scale of hardness con-
tracted in their passage through loamy or of ter soil:.
Hitherto the little springs risiug in pure sands, seercely
seen under the herbage, have been almost entirt ly dis-
regarded, although when gathered together they form a
volume equal in extent to that collected on the lower
levels, and of a purity and softness in no case to be
found thorn.

" The gauging of these springs having berm taken at
the end of a drought of nearly five weeks, and at the
close of an average dry summer, I conceive they are to
be relied on with safety, as being at their usual summer
ebb. Being a perfect arranger to tho district, and of
course obliged to depend very much on the testimony of
the residents as to the flow of the springs, I have ad-
dressed myself to persons of all classes, gentry, farmers,
and labourers, many of whom have resided all their
lives on the same spot, and are therefore well able to
offer an opinion. I received much valuable ieformation
from an herb doctor, who devotes his sole attention to
wounds and sores, and finds his remedies in herbs and
grasses, many of which grow in water, by which
means he had come t 3 the knowledge of these
springs. The unanimous opinion of all observing
persons is, that I gauged these springs at their
lowest. lam convinced that the greater mass of them
are, as at Farnham-hill, due to rain-fall elsewhere,—
probably on ranges of equal and higher levels, at a con-
siderable distance, where the nature et' the strata will
not permit of the rain-fall making its appearance again
after percolation; the water then finds its level, and an
easy channel through the sands of the gathering-
ground•. I attribute the fact of the springs invariably
coming out under the highest and steepest bank of the
hills to the circumstance that such is tho only place
where on that contour there is not the usual densely
packed covering of gravel, through which they would
scarcely penetrate when there is an easier outlet. The
steepness of the bank itself is apparently caused by the
undermining action of the springs.
ady opinion of the unfailing yield of these springs is
confirmed by the peasants, who in several instances have
of their own accord informed me that at the close of
autumn, generally in October, when there has been no
rain in this district, the springs commence rising just
after a high wind. They offer no explanation of this
apparently extraordinary circumstance, which to me,
however, admits of easy explanation; the high wind's
being possibly a fortuitous circumstance, but probably in-
dicating a storm of rain and wind elsewhere, where the
strata are of the formation alluded to.
" Droughts of much longer duration than five weeks
seldom occur, and, should they do so, the yield of the
springs is so far in excess of the present requiremeuts of
the metropolis, that there is little foundation for any ap-
prehension of scarcity.
" To detect the presence of these springs in combina-
tion with other waters was in some cases very easy, as
where the residents are acquainted with them, or where
they are so large as to thrust themselves on one's view,
but often they have nearly eluded my most vigilant
scrutiny. Situated in the hollows of the hills, generally
collections of rainwater are to be found, girt sometimes
by dense copses with rushes and long-tangled grecs. The
marshy appearance of the ground on the lower side
might, by a casual observer, be taken for the soakage of
the pond, but if a trench be dug to the outfall the run is
found to be constant, proving the presence of springs
flowing into or rising in the ponds themselves. On one
occasion, on questioning an intelligent labourer, he re-
marked that, when bathing in Minley-pond, ho found
the water at some parts much colder than others, and
was at a loss to account for the circumstance, which
clearly indicated the position of the spines, as I found
the outfall to exceed the flow into the pond.
" So secluded are some of those sources, that their ex-
istence, on one occasion, at Chapel-cope, only became
known to a soi-disant gamekeeper (but, from his appear-
ance, I fear, a poacher occasionally) by the flight of
game to drink there after dawn. This spring yields
224,697 gallons per day, equal to the supply of 2,995
houses, and forms one of the many threads contributing
to the desired supply. lam further of opinion, in whichl
am confirmed by all the residents, that these springs will,
when opened, that is, given a free passage to the surface,
often be doubled in volume; indeed,this has, on several
occasions, been proved to be the case by paper manufac-
turers and others who have been anxious to increase their
supply; as, for instance, at Barford Mills, where some
years ago the paper-mill could only work for three or
four hours a day, but the spring having been opened now
affords a sufficient supply for six hours work. I have
tested these waters, and all others in the district, including
wells, and those from the surface, at different stages, as
where joined by fresh tributaries, or entering a new soil,
from their outfall to their sources, and the result has
been very decisive in confirming the remark made by
Professor Way, in his able paper on' The Power of Soils
to absorb Manure," that ordinary soils consist of three
substances, sand, clay, and vegetable matter, but that
very generally a fourth may be added, carbonate of lime.
When these springs rise in any other than pure sands,
the water at once becomes hard to five or six degrees.
If in any case I believed a stream to have a very pure
source, I proceeded up its course, examining it at the
junction of each tributary, and have never failed in dis-
covering nt length, and generally from the highest
source, the thread of soft and sweet water to be added
to the growing stream for water supply.
" Let me point out, for example—

Degrees,
" The Wey, at Guildford, which has a
hardness of 9
" At Elstead
••• ••• ••• ~, 8
" Below the junction of the Bramshot river 9
" Above the junction of the FArnham
branch .. 6
" Abovo the junction of the Bramshot
branch 'to ... 14

" At Farnham ... ...
" But turning up the Bramslict river at
Flead ley Wood
" At Bramshot
" At Shotter Mill

" The above shows what different results two per-
sons malting the same investigations might arrive at.
From Headley to Bramshot is scarcely more than two
miles ; persons unintentionally, or for want of accurate
investigation, might consider the water at Headicy-
wood the sample of greatest purity to be found, and go
away with and disseminate a totally false impressio•:. I
have reason to believe it will be generally found that the
opponents to the board's proposition have, from one
cause or the other, made this great miitake.
" The power of soils in hardening water is particulerly
evident when comparing the water in a large pond to
that in a well, which becomes hard almost in proportion
to its depth. A notable instance occurs at Tomlin's
Pond, a collection of rain water with a few small springs
in it, which has a hardness of only 2 degrees, whereas
a well sunk close by for the convenience of some cot-
taxers has a hardness of Si degrees. Again,
Minley Pond has a hardness of only 11 degrees, while
a well, sunk through the loam into the pura sand, has
3 degrees of hardness.

" The following is a list of well and at:taloa waters,
with their degrees of hardness:—

" WELLS.

Degree e.
... 4i
... 6i-
... 5

" Hartford-bridge Flats, 25 feet deep
" Ash-common, 80 feet deep
" Pirbright-common, 20 feet deg).—
" Chobbam Well
" Swinley-cottage, Eastbamstead-plain ... 5}
" SURFACE WATERS.
" Ash-common 31
" Holt-pond ... 22
" Dippenhall... 3}
" Whitemoor... ... 3f
" Aldershot ...
" Canal Reading-road-bridge 5i
" Thus we see that waters stand for purity in this dis-
trict in the following order:—
" 1. Spring issuing from pure sands.
" 2. Collections of rain water.
" 3. Water running through ordinary loamy soils.
" 4. Well waters.

" How great is the loss of capital and labour expended
on wells, which when made what has been done ? A
vast expense is incurred to dig a hole in the ground to
allow water to soak into impure from the mineral quali-
ties of the soil ; what water ?—that which fell origi-
nally soft and pure. and which might have been col
lected on roofs, or by drainage of cultivated lands and
led into a covered reservoir, and thence to the highest
room in the house. One gentleman with whom lam
acquainted spent from 3001. to 400/. in sinking a well
300 feet deep, whence he obtained water of a hardness
equal to that of London. 4001. would have drained
from 40 to 50 acres of his land and paid for a covered
reservoir, besides saving the labour of pumping and
carrying, the waste of the latter in the case of using 57
gallons per day per house, amounting to a loss of three
days' labour of one person in a week. The improve-
ment of the land drained would alone have repaid the
outlay.
" A great economy in having water laid on to the
top of a house exists from the indolent propensities of
servants, should there be two supplies, one of lased
water and another of soft near the premises, and the
servants will, I have frequently found, to save trouble,
use the former for ell purposes, thus extravazantly
wasting their masters' tea and soap; the saving in the
consumption of which with soft water would soon have
paid the cost of laying pipes into every part of the house.
"I would point out the defects of storage reservoirs on
gathering grounds as now existing in some parts of this
country. They collect the crude surface waters, always
liable to discolouration and thickening from dirt brought
in by heavy rains, to deterioration in taste, to hard-
ness from contact with the soil, as also by evapora-
tion; this last, however, being trifling as compared
with the first, as we have already shown. Compare
these results with the proposition of the board. After
the ground is once saturated, the rain-fall passes im-
mediately through a natural filter of sand into the
drainage pipes, which lead it away to storage reservoirs
lined with tiles to prevent the water acquiring the mine-
ral qualities of the soil, hence to a covered reservoir in
the neighbourhood of its distribution, safe from the
noxious influence of the impure atmosphere of a city.
The importance of covered reservoirs cannot be over-
rated a la: n the evidence given by several eminent pro-
fessors of chymistry before, the board is considered, al-
though little more than every day's experience is needed
to show that what is disagreeable on a small scale must
be very detriments!, often dangerous, in large volumes
of water. A tumbler of water cannot be exposed halt
an hour without becoming warm, vapid, and badly
tasted; and from what cause? Simply because water
has an extraordinary capacity for absorbing the impuri-
ties of the atmosphere.
" R ferring again to the plan of collecting rain-Fall
by draining the sandy heaths, I quesVon whether it
could iu one case be carried out with advantage, namely,
on the higher levels; as, for instance, the crests of
the F tf.X Hills and Chobham Ridges, where the strata
of sand are of a very loose nature. I think that the
surface once broken through, the water would pass by
the pipes. The area on which this would happen is,
however, not very large. It is very desirable to ascet-
tain this point by trial works; a few acres drained
would satisfactorily settle an important question. The
same. would occur in the lower levels were it not that
nature has abundantly provided a subsoil in the form of
a crust or pan about nine inches thick, composed of three
inches of closely-packed pebbles and sand resting upon
six inches of sandstone. This pan lies at a depth vary-
ing from one to three feet below the surface; in some
cases it is found beneath a few inches of sandy loam.
The pipes might be laid on the pebbles and sand in-
crusted together, which would hold the water. The pan
once broken through the water would, I fear, be lost for
ever. The cultivation of these heaths would eventually
repay a large portion of the expense of collecting a rain-
fall by drainage. Mr, Hewett, a most intelligent farmer
and land-surveyor, from whom I have obtained much
valuable information, assures me :that where this pan
comes near enough to the surface to be broken through,
which is done at an expense of 81. or 101. per acre, and
when properly manured, the cultivation pays.
" The only disadvantage attending the board's scheme,
if to such an important matter it may be deemed so, is
the expense of the large lined storage reservoirs neces-
sary to contain a six weeks' or two months' supply for a
city of the giant proportion of London; otherwise the
system is unique in simplicity and perfect adaptation for
the purpose required. So vivid was this impression on
my mind, that on developing the idea of supply from
springs, I conceived a method of adapting the principle
to my own case. Where the springs are large, I propose
to enclose them iu brick or tiles, but when small and
numerous I would prefer to gather them in one stream
to be led away in pipes, but this must be effected on the
pure sand, and great care must be taken to avoid the
mixture of surface-washing. In the case when leading
away a stream of springs it would be liable to discolora-
tion from heavy rains, I propose to provide a remedy
by preparing at the point of divers'an from the
natural channel a new bed for a short distance at a
less inclination. The bed to be a trench with a
pipe at the bottom, and filled up with small
stones and sand, heather or heath being placed round
the pipe joints. Tho stream being led on this new bed
will percolate into the pipe beneath. When the extent
of the ground above the springs would expose them to
be choked up by rubbish and dirt after a storm, I would
intercept the rain-fall in contour trenches with pipes un-
derneath them also, and lay a branch to lead the water
away to the main. I have shown both these plans as
adapted in the case of Farnham-hill, and a large addition
might thus be made to flow of the springs if desirable.
" Hereafter I propose to detail my arrangements of
branch lines from the spring-heads, leading to mains
terminating on Wimbledon-common, giving also an esti-
mate of the expense of the entire schemeworks, compen-
sation to mills, &c., also some general inflmation on
the collateral advantages of a pure soft water supply—
the results of some experiments I am making on the
action of sand as a filter, and some qualitative analyses
of the springs.
" The annexed plan is that of Farnham-hill, reduced
from the Tithe Commission plan, and tested as to accu-
racy. The blue contour line represents the level of the
springs. I have gathered them together and gauged
their flow as accurately as in my power. Their daily
discharge is equal to 897,393 gallons.
The area within the contour line is 571 acres. The
available rain-fall from 22.65 inches per annum; a mean
of 30 years' register at the Military College Sandhurst,
allowing the usual deduction of 14 inches for evapora-
tion and absorption, is 279,858 gallons per day. The
difference then, 611,160 gallons, is the least figure in
favour of my assertion that the water in this bill is duo
to rain-fall elsewhere, for the rain on this hill does not
percolate, but passes away.
"I assure the board, however, that a careful collection
of these springs would double their value, and produce
a daily discharge of 1,794,786 gallons. This then leaves
a total of 1,514,928 gallons above the available rain-fall
on the hill, supposing it all to penetrate. The plan also
shows the hill drained above the springs on the principle
already alluded to. The section of the pipes and their
outfill is calculated in proportion to the quantity of rain
likely to fall in the shortest Vitae, according to the prin-
ciple laid down by Mr. Chadwick.
"In reference to my idea of the cause to which these
springs are due, I would mention that a notable instance
of the kind occurs in Hong-Kong, an island mountain of
not 25 miles in circumference at its base, and of 1,000 or
1,200 feet elevation above the level of the sea. Th.

quantity of water supplied from springs on the top of
this mountain is notoriously far beyond its rain•full,
which latter, from the declivity of the other groun,-,
is at once discharged into the sea, as all who have teen
there are well aware cf. The shore of the mainland is
not further than two miles and a half, but the range of
mountains of equal and higher elevation, and which
furnish the supply, are at a distance of upwards of ten
miles. The rain-fall cannot find its way again after
percolation to the surface, and is necessitated to find its
level by crossing the sea and rising through the fissures
of the granite formation of Hong-Kong. The springs
are rarely known to be affected in quantity oven after a
three months' drought in the island, ?the thermometer
often at 88 degrees and upwards in the shade.
" The advantages I propose so derive from permanent