The Sun.
London, England, 1868-11-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 6, 1868.

old after the manner of Colonel SIBTHORPE, who was
at any rate the "cause of wit in others" by reason of
his very fatuity—not after the fashion even of that
famous Sir BOYLE ROCHE, who, according to tradi-
tional report, was, in his d.►y, the unconscious jester
of the Legislature—Mr. BERNAL OSBORNE has, in his
fooling, as much method as ever HAMLET had in his
madness. As a rule he jokes on the right side—
right, according to our idea, of course, namely,
on the side of Liberalism. [le raises a laugh,
but always a good humoured laugh, against the
enemies of popular advancement. Whatever is im-
practicableJrivolous, or contemptible, he "spots" upon
the instant with a jest : his quips and his quiddi-
ties rattling like well-aimed small shot about the ears
of his antagonists at every discharge fired off by him as
the most skilled of our Parliamcntarysbarp-shooters.
In the midst of the cannonading of the great guns of
debate, the rattling fusillade of thatsame sharpshooter
always comes to us exhiliratingly. And, therefore, if
only as a frequent enlivener of the more serious
discussions of the L?gislature, Mr. OsnortNE's
familiar presence, it is to hoped, may be recognised
am ong the new members elected, or rather among
the old members re-elected, to serve, as long as it may
contrive to run out the allattal seven years of its
existence, upon the assembling of the Eighth Parlia-
ment of Queen VICTORIA, down at Westminster.

THE Presidential election has not, as was at one
time thought probable, terminated in a close contest.
General GRANT has been made President by a
triumphant majority, both of the Electoral
College and the votes of the people. Owing
to the system of double election, it is quite
possible for the President of the United
States to be returned by a very small
preponderance of votes. The people choose their
representatives at the Electoral College, and these
elect the President. There is no divided represen-
tation in the College ; the party which has the
majority in any State sends all the deputies for that
State. It is therefore easy for one side which
has a small advantage over the other in one
or two of the most important States, such as
Ohio or Pennsylvania, to determine the contest
against hostile forces of nearly equal number. But
General GRANT is not in this way the representative
of but half the nation. He has been chosen by a
large majority of the Electoral College, and
he has secured a vast preponderance of the
popular suffrages. In some States the Repub-
lican victory was gained more triumphantly even
than in 1864 ; and though in others their party has
fallen off, the whole result shews that General GRANT
is as much the President of the people as was Mr.
LINCOLN. Nor are the issues now determined of less
importance than those before the country in 1864.
Then it was a question whether the great struggle
should be abandoned on the eve of victory; now the
American nation has been called upon to decide
whether the results which are beginning to manifest
themselves shall be discarded for a policy which
might lose all that had been gained. In 1864 the
United States determined still to support the great
principle of union and the abolition of slavery;
in 1868 it has been resolved that the
system of reconstruction—whatever may be its
disadvantages—shall not be exchanged for a policy
which is partially undefined, and, so far as it is defined,
is in the highest degree dangerous. The result
cannot but be gratifying to Europe. In the person
of General GRANT the Americans will be governed
by an untried politician, but by a man of the highest
integrity, and of the greatest good-will to his fellow-
men. The future of the country is not yet unclouded,
all danger has not been overcome ; but the large '
majority of the Republicans proves that this triumph,
is as much as possible the triumph of the American
people ; that one party and one policy must rule ; and
that any renewal of the disastrous appeal to force is
all but impossible.
Various causes have contributed to this renewed
acquisition of power by the Republicans. Their can-
didates were excellent " tickets ;" those selected by
the Democrats were at best indifferent. Mr. SEY-
moun was not the best of the men from whom the
Democratic choice had to be made ; and it turns out
that General BLAIR, was well-nigh the worst. He is
a good soldier, but a general who fought on the side
of the North during the war is not a promising Demo-
cratic candidate. Moreover, he has shewn himself the
most imprudent of politicians. Ile has advocated ex-
treme reactionist doctrines, and has done much to alarm
the people as to the consequences of a change of policy.
General GRANT, on the other hand, is simply the most
popular man in America. His candidature has again
revived the memory of the termination of the war,
and has enabled the Republicans to rely upon
the triumph of the past as well as the issues of the
present. Then the Democrats were not prudent in their
declarations of policy : with respect to the South
their programme was in part one of dangerous
reaction, and their advocacy of repudiation lost
in the East as much as it gained in the West.
The course taken by their opponents was generally
prudent, even when it was not high-principled.
These considerations, however, could not of
themselves have brought about the over-
whelming defeat of the Democrats. The
policy of their opponents has evidently by
far the greater hold upon the people ; and for the
world at large it has one most important recom-
mendation—it is a continuous policy, and will be
attended by none of the consequences which might
arise from a doubtful future. It would have been
impossible to predict the results of such a change as
a Democratic victory would have produced.

Mn. BRIGHT is a good hater. There is nothing
that he has ever hated so heartily as the minority
clause. We do not accuse him of hating it because
it has involved him in the turmoil of a contested
election, for his seat is as safe as Mr. DISRAELI'S, and
the generosity, or rather let us say the justice, of his
constituents will provide that it shall cost
him nothing. We believe that he honestly
dislikes the clause because ho believes it to
be thoroughly opposed to the spirit of the Con-
stitution, an innovation in the worst sense of the
word. His very strongly manifested dislike chews
that there is even in the great Radical leader a hidden
stratum of Toryism which dislikes new ideas, and
fights against them as personal enemies. We have
never been able to sympathise with him in this crypto-
Conservatism. We believe that the representation of
minoritiesis a just and proper thing, and although the
presentthree-cornered constituencies are but a clumsy
and imperfect means of securingthat principle, exceed-
ingly clumsy and imperfect when compared with Mr.
HARE'S plan—it is the best that we have, and is
better than nothing. However, we are too near the
general election to discuss it at present. What can-
didates and electors want just now is, not abstract
principles, but concrete facts—not political economy,
but the state of the poll. It will, therefore, be
interesting to inquire how far Mr. BRIGHT'S enemy
will help or hurt him and his party in the approach-
ing fight.
Taking the last general election as our basis,
we find that there were seven counties which
returned three members, viz., Berkshire, Bucks,
Oxford,Hertfordshire, Herefordshire, Cambridgeshire,
and Dorsetshire. The three first-named constituencies
sent nine Conservatives to the Lower House, whilst
each of the four others was represented by one
Liberal and two Conservatives. It will thus
be seen that in the counties the Liberals
have everything to gain and nothing to lose
by the restrictive vote. In Berkshire, Bucks, and
Oxford the Conservatives have been obliged to with-
draw one of their men, leaving a Liberal to be
returned without opposition. This arrangement doeS
not seem to have satisfied the Liberals of Berkshire,
who are now fighting for two seats. In two other
counties—Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire—the
Liberals are able not only to hold their own, but are
contesting for an extra seat. Thus, before the battle
commences, the Liberal party will win from their

opponents, without the expense of a contest, three
votes—counting six on a
.division.
Turning to the borough constituencies, a different
scene is presented. Although the Ministerialists have
to adopt the inevitable and drop one of their men in
the counties, the Opposition are determined to con-
test every scat in the boroughs. In 1865 there was
only one town which returned more than two mem-
bers, the City of London. Now, however, five other
towns have had an extra representative given to them,
viz., Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, and
Glasgow. Three years ago seven Liberals and three
Conservatives were elected by these places. Now
there are thirty candidates for the nineteen seats,
eighteen of whom swear allegiance to Mr.GLADSTONE
and twelve to Mr. DISRAELI. London will pro-
bably be the first to go through the ordeal of an
election with the minority clause. In this borough
the Reform Bill has not effected a very great increase
in the number of voters, and by adding 2,000 to
the number on the register in 1805, we shall be
pretty near the mark. This would make 20,000
electors, of whom probably two-thirds would
vote. Supposing the Liberals to be as nume-
rically strong as they were at the last contest,
and that the Conservatives were in an equally for-
tunate position, there is no reason why the four
Liberals should not be returned, especially if the
electors act up to the instructions issued by the
Liberal committee. In 1865 the four Liberals polled
an average number of 6,837 votes, while their
opponents could not muster more than an
average of 4,141. After substracting one-third
from the larger number (in consequence of
the operation of the minority clause), the
Liberal party would still have a majority of 417.
During the last three years they have gained largely
on the register, and this year they have succeeded in
placing on the list the major part of lodgers. Looking
at these facts, and considering that the Conservatives
of the City have never had the splendid organisation
which has always existed among their opponents, we
believe that the return of four Liberals is a matter
only of management.
The next Constituencywhich will create the greatest
amount of attention is the hardware capital. Not-
withstanding Mr. BRIGHT'S anathemas, there
is no nasa why he should not have two
Liberal colleagues in the representation of
Birmingham. The Conservatives are running two
candidates, more in the hope that this will
prevent the splitting of votes, than in the belief
they will carry their two men. Here, again, the
organisation of the Liberals is near to perfection ;
and perhaps it was no idle boast of the chairman of
the Liberal Association when he stated a few days
ago that the lowest Liberal would be 4,000
ahead of the highest Conservative. In Man-
chester the Ministerialists will stand a chance
of returning the minority representative,
although their opponents are doing their utmost to
return Mr. ERNEST JONES in conjunction with the
sitting members, Mr. BAZLEY and Mr. JACOB BRIGHT.
The Conservatives of Liverpool, having gained
largely on the recent revision, are likely to
return Mr. GRAVES and Lord SANDON, leaving
the Liberals the choice between Mr. MASSEY
and Mr. RATIIBONE. Remembering that at
the last election Mr. BEECROFT, the Conserva-
tive candidate, was returned at the head of the poll
for Leeds, we believe that the fight in that town will
be a close one. The retirement of Mr. BEECROFT
has doubtless injured the Conservative cause, but the
candidature of Sir ANDREW FAIRBAIRN after Mr.
BAINES and Mr. CARTER had been chosen by the
Liberals to fight the battle will more than counter-
balance the division which was at one time
imminent among the 11.1inisterialists. The
remaining constituency is Glasgow, where
three Liberals and one Conservative have appeared.
It is not believed, however, that the Conservatives
will make a serious attempt to obtain the minority
seat; the Liberals will, therefore, virtually walk over
the course. It is not to be denied that among the
many interesting contests at the forthcoming election
none will excite greater interest than the unicorn
constituencies.

We learn from the Charch News that in response
to an anon'mous letter, the dichbishop of York wrote to
the curate of St. Martin's, Scarboro', forbidding him to omit
the Litany from morning prayers, concluding his letter with
—" This is the command of your Bishop." It is stated that
for several years it has been the practice at York Cathedral
during Advent to say the Litany as a separate afternoon
service.

The ArehbishoF of Olmutz having refused to deli-
ver to the civil authorities the registers of the ecclesiastical
matrimonial tribunal, has been condemned to pay a fine of
10,000 florins (.£1,000), and threatened with a further fine of
20,000 florins if ho does not comply. The same archbishop
was previously fined 7,000 florins. Although the ecclesias-
tical revenue of the see amounts to the large sum of 200,000
florins (or £20,000), it will hardly suffice to bear the burden
of these progressive fines.
The Osservatore Romano of the 27th ult. has an
article entitled i 1 The Conversion of the Anglicans," which
rejoices at the publicity given by the journals of London
and Berlin to the Pope's Apostolic letter to the Pro-
testants. The Osservatore says that the Morning Post and
Times in so doing performed the office of Baalam in mani-
festing the will of God, without wishing or knowing it. Tho
Osservatore, in support of its prediction of a speedy unifica-
tion of the Anglican and Boman Churches, quotes trium-
phantly the lately expressed opinions of Drs, Pusey, Lee,
Littledalo, Forbes, and the Bishop of lowa in the United
States.

The Guardian says there are, of course, numerous
rumours as to the expected successor to the sea of Canter-
bury; but it is not likely anything can bo settled before the
return of her Majesty from Scotland. It is guessed that
the Queen may desire either the Bishop of Lichfield or
the Bishop of London; the Premier, the Bishop o
Oxford or Bishop of Rochester. Cambridge men, if
the absence of Bishop Selwyn in New Zealand stands in
the way, would be gratified by the promotion of the .flishq
of Ely, with Dean Goodwin for his successor.
Mr. Gladstone was recently appealed to with re-
spect to the candidature of Mr. Samuelson, present member
and onA of the Liberal candidates for Banbury. He re-
plied as follows ;—" I fear that 1 have no title to take
any part as between gentlemen of the Liberal party
who may be competing for the same seat in Parliament;
but, as your inquiry relates to matters of feet, 1 beg to
state that Mr. Samuelson certainly voted for the motion
made by me in relation to rating, on which hung the issue
of that portion of the provisions of the Reform Bill, and
that I fully believe in Mr. Samuelson's loyal adherence to
the principles of the Liberal party."
RAPID VOYAGE.—TiIe sailing ship Tantallon
Castle, Captain Howson, of Messrs. Donald, Currie, and
Co.'s Castle line of packets between England and Calcutta,
has just arrived at Loudon from Calcutta Sand Heads in
78 days. The passage out was made in 80 days, and the
whole voyage bas been completed in six months 18 days,
including 42 days detention in the Hooghly; the fastest
voyage yet made. The Tantallon Castle is now 3} years
old, and has just completed her fifth voyage between Eng-
land and Calcutta.

--------
FATAL ACCIDENT BY FIRE TO AN OFFICER.
Yesterday an inquest was held at Penton-place, Wal-
worth, on the body of Mr. Hollows, aged 40 years, a
lieutenant on half-pay. On Tuesday night week deceased
was crossing, the room when his night shirt was set on
firQ by a rushlight. Ho was removed to the hospital,
where he died on Monday. The jury returned a verdict
of accidental death by fire.
TUNNELLING BENEATH THE MERSEY. Two
schemes for tunnelling beneath the Mersey and forming a
railway communication between Liverpool and Birken-
head, and thereby connecting the docks at those places
with each other and with the general railway system of
the country, are now under the consideration of the
Mersey Dock Board. The first of these schemes is for
constructing a tunnel from the west-end of Birkenhead
to the north end of Liverpool, and the second for a
tunnel between Rock Ferry, on the Cheshire side, and the
south end of Liverpool. The latter scheme was laid
before the board yesterday in a communication from
Messrs. Baxter, Rose, Norton, and Co., of London, who
stated that a bill would 1:13 introduced next session, that
the undertal:ing would cost £900,000, and would embrace
a double line of rails—one for passengers and another for
goods.

JEATII THROOGH CHLOROFORM. —On Tuesday
evening an inquest was held at Leicester on the body of
Ann Oldacres, aged 33. The deceased, who was the wife
of James Oldacres, a farmer, of Churchover, near Rugby,
had died the same afternoon under the influence of chloro-
form, which had been administered to her by her own re-
quest by Dr. Marriott prior to the extraction of several of
her teeth by a dentist 'named Mr. H. T. Kirby. The jury
returned a verdict that the deceased died from the as mi-
nistration of chloroform, but entirely exonerated Dr. Mar-
riott or Mr. Kirby from all blame, being satisfied ths.t more
►han usual precaution had bon taken.

LATEST INTELL EGENCE

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE RUSSIA.
(Via Queenstown.)
NEW YORK, Oct. 27 (Noon).

A letter of President Johnson in reply to the
inquiries of General Ewing has been published, in
which it is stated that the national expenditure of
the past three years was in the aggregate
$1,259,000,000. Immediate retrenchment is neces-
sary to avert bankruptcy. A wise economy, how-
ever, could soon increase the revenue and diminish
taxation. If the debt were permitted to increase
it would be gathered into the hands of a few who
could exercise a dangerous controlling influence
thereby.

The President has promulgated a treaty of amity
and commerce with Madagascar.

It is reported that Jiancs Hinds, a Congressman
from Arkansas, has been assassinated at Monroe, in
that State.

A fight occurred at St. Bernard parish, near New
Orleans, between the white and negro clubs. Three
negroes and one white were killed. The whites of
New Orleans armed themselves and proceeded to
the scene of the disturbance, but were prevented by
General Rousseau, who detailed cavalry to preserve
order in the city and its vicinity.

Fifty negroes entered Dardanelles, in Arkansas,
on Sunday, and fired upon the houses of the whites,
who armed and drove the negroes from the town.
Mr. Seymour, in a speech at Indianopolis, urged
his hearers to abate all party passion, and declared,
as his earnest belief, that the welfare of the
country demanded the removal of the Radicals
from power. _ _

Several addititional slight shocks of earthquake
were felt in California on Sunday.

Advices from Cuba state that the insurgents who
plundered the town of Manati were driven off by a
gunboat. General Lersundi refused the request of
a Cuban deputation to bold a public meeting.
The crops in Jamaica are promising.
It is reported that Salnave had captured Jaremie
and St. Marie.

NEW YORK, Oct. 28, Noon.

Mr. Seymour was enthusiastically received at
Columbus, in Ohio, and made a speech, repeating
his previous arguments, and adding a declaration
as to the present condition of the public debt. He
said that the unequal distribution of the national
currency and the large representation in the
Senate enable the New England States to exercise
an undue power iu the national affairs, and large
centres of capital thrive at the expense of the agri-
cultural districts.

The negroes have been discharged from the New
Orleans police.

General Rosseau has telegraphed to Washington
annouticing that Governor Warmouth had offered
him the control of the civil government, and asking
for instructions on the subject. The President,
through the War Department, authorised General
Rousseau to take whatever action might be neces-
sary to preserve peace.
_ _

The troops maintain perfect order in New
Orleans.

General Reynolds, commanding in Texas, has
ordered Judge M‘Farland to continue a civil case
involving the question of heirship to certain pro-
perty. The counsel protested to President John-
son against this unwarrantable assumption of power
by General Reynolds, and asking redress. Mr.
Johnson replied chat the reconstruction laws pre-
vented his interference on behalf of tl peti-
tioners.

A large enthusiastic Democratic meeting was
held at New York last night. Mr. Blair was among
the speakers.
The Republican memb,2rs of the Lower House of
the Oregon Legislature have reigned, leaving the
house without a quorum.
Mr. Dickenson, the Probate Ju lge in Sandnuky,
Ohio, a member of Congress elect, hasbeen arrested
for issuing fraudulent naturalisation papers.
According to Messrs Wright's report the rec
frosts will materially lessen the cotton crops.

The party opposed to National convention de-
velopes less strength than was expected.
Dr. M'Cosh, of Scotland, was inaugurated yes-
terday at Princeton College with imposing cere-
monies.

A fight occurred near Pumas, in Cuba, on Mon-
day. The insurgents were routed. Accounts re-
presenting the insurrection as formidable have
been published, but are grossly exaggerated. The
disturbances were of a purely local character, and
the number of the insurgents less than two hundred.
The Cunard Royal mail steamship Russia, from
New York on the 27th ult., arrived at Queenstown
at 2.20 a,m. to-day (Nov. 6) with 115 cabin pas-
sengers and $188,700 in specie. She landed 89
sacks of mails and nine passengers, and proceeded
at 2.30 a.m., carrying on the Liverpool and Scotch
mails.

The Russia made the passage in eight days six

hours.

QUEENSTOWN, Nov. 6.

The National Steamship Company'a steamer
England, from Liverpool, arrived here at 9 a.m.
to-day, embarked passengers, and proceeded for
New York. All well.

SYDNEY, Oct. 10.

Mr. Parkes, the Colonial Secretary, has retired.

Advices from New Zealand state that the insur-
rection of the Maoris had not been subdued. The
British forces were considered to be wanting in
proper organisation to repress the revolt.

ApnAipE, 'Oct. 13.
TLe Ministers have resigned,

FRANCE.

PARIS, Nov. 6.

The Drat of this morning states that a judicial
inquiry has been ordered into the popular demon-
stration on the graves of the revolutionists of 1848
and 1851, which took place on the 2d inst, at the
cemetry of Montmartre, and likewise into the sub-
scription opened by the Overier, National, and the
Reveil in connection with the said demonstration.

SERVIA.

BELGRADE, Nov. 4.

The proceedings against the rest of the accom-
plices in the murder of Prince Michael closed yes-
terday. The Public Prosecutor urged that various
degrees of punishment should he inflicted upon the
accused persons, and pressed for sentence of death
to be passed on W aistrovich,
11.1ELBOURNE, Oct. 13.

The Victorian Parliament has been prorogued
after having passed the bill for a loan of
£2,100,000 for railway purposes.
The shipments of gold to England since the
departure of the last mail amount to 140,250
ounces.