The Sun.
London, England, 1858-11-13 00:00:00

THE WEATHER.—Sux OFFICE, Nov. 13.

TILERMSMETER, IN TIII3,BIIADE.
44—highest since noon yesterday.
40—lowest this morning and during the night.
44—this day at noon.
• nAitomETER-29.65--a fall of half an inch.
WIND, South-Easterly ; rather fresh, with fine wqather.

The Treaty with Japan has duly arrived, and we
are now enabled to understand clearly the terms
on which we are henceforward to transact business
with that which had hitherto been a terra incognita,
respecting which we might speculate, but not speak
with any degree of certainty. Heretofore, Japan
has been perhaps the most exclusive kingdom in
the world. The Dutch had contrived to obtain
some degree of recognition, but yet their relations
were by no means of a satisfactory description.
They were barely allowed to. hold intercourse, but
were restricted to a small locality, beyond
which they were not allowed to transgress'
save with very vexatious and ridiculous formali
ties. We had heard of Jeddo, the capital of
the kingdom ; and the assertion that it rivalled
London in extent and number of inhabitants was
received with scornful incredulity, and yet these
apparently fabulous statements have been fully
verified. Jeddo has two millions and a half of in-
habitants, and a street extending many miles, at
least five times the length of our most admired
thoroughfares. It .has not merely a resi-
dent aristocracy, but three hundred and sixty
independent princes, with sovereign rights, whose
palaces arc capable of accommodating from 1,000
to 10,000 dependents, and whose resources are far
beyond those of the mediatised Princes of Germany
or the nobility of England. The nation is populous,
the people comfortable and contented. There is
no pauperism, nothing that can oppress either the
independent classes by the magnitude of the
contributions demanded, or those who may
unfortunately be compelled to seek assist-
ance by the hardships to which they must
submit. Tests of poverty are happily not required
in Japan. It is a happy land, in which almost all
classes are enabled to complete that very satisfac-
tory operation which is termed " making both ends
meet."

In all other respects, Japan more closely resem-
bleA.England than any other country that could be
named. The size and population closely approxi-
mate, and the circumstances are so favourable in

oth instances that they occupy far more important
positions than other nations of far greater mag-

nitude.

It Something to have concluded a treaty with
such a people. It affords the prospect of future
trade that must prove beneficial alike to England
and to Japan. The zeal and energy displayed by
Lord ELGIN, and the ability and promptitude with
which he has acted during this entire mission, war•
rant the highest honours that can be conferred on
him by the QUEEN and country. He has fairly
won his Marquisate, and the blue or green
ribands that may become vacant. The re-
proach so frequently cast upon British diplo-
macy is for once pointless, and in China and
Japan we have for once been enabled to declare
that we have had " the right man in the right
place."

It is wonderful that even Lord ELGIN coul.d have
accomplished so good a contract. Strangers had
P.ieviollsly been kept at a distance. No intercourse
was permitted even to the most favoured nation.
But the manner in which the treaty of Tien-sin
had been gained.—the clear and off-hand manner
of Lord ELGIN—the mode in which, under
the auspices of the gallant captain who fearlessly
undertook the duty of piloting the squadron to
head-quarters, astounded the Japanese, and better
terms than those that had been acquired by
fra'ad by America and Russia were awarded to
the straightforward representative of Queen
VICTORIA.

Henceforward Japan -is virtually opened to
Great Britain. Our merchants can resort to her
ports, our goods.can be transmitted throughout her
entire territory without any payment beyond that
charged on their first introduction. Here is a
great opportunity for Leeds and Manchester too.
The manufactures of Yorkshire and Lancashire
will be stimulated ; good customers are ,in the
field ; a new demand will be created; and we, in
return, will be enabled to obtain equivalents that
will fully satisfy the anticipations of the exporters,
and "prove to them the full value of the great
advantages that have been conceded to the British
Envoy.

The treaty itself, or rather an abstract of it,

It is truly deplorable to know that there are
many persons too poor to be Insolvents. They are
arrested and incarcerated by exasperated creditors,
many of whom have doubtless cause of just indig-
nation ; but they are made judges in their own
causes, when it cannot possibly be expected that
they could act with perfect impartiality. There is
a sort of feeling that the possession of the debtor's
body is a species of satisfaction for the claim. The
notion of the animated pledge is too ridiculous to
be long maintained. It might have been very
well when the creditor could sell the entire family
into slavery, and thus obtain some kind of com-
pensation for the amount due to him. But slavery
of that kind is no longer sanctioned by the laws of
the United Kingdom. The principle, however, is
not the less absurd. It permits the seizure of the
unfortunate defaulter, his committal to prison, and
the loss of any employment he may have previously
held. To make him pay, the law of the land deprives
him of every legitimate means of so doing. There
may be some degree of pressure on friends and
relatives; but they are quite as much objects of
sympathy as the generality of creditors who come
forward with energetic complaints. •

The Insolvent Court affords relief to these un•
fortuuates, but the gentlemen who practise therein
must receive fair remuneration for their time and
trouble. They cannot act as mere amateur solici-
tors only to serve their clients. It is clear that the
nature of their business renders it a ready money
one. The exigency can easily be met by the man
who has failed with a full pocket ; but there are
hundreds, if not thousands, who are fearfully
circumstanced—arrested without a shilling in
their pockets, and deprived of the means
of procuring the ordinary necessaries of life
for their families. They are made perfectly
helpless. They can obtain the prison allowance—
van be placed in nearly as good a situation as con-
victed felons, but wives and children may stcrve
when the efforts of the father and provider are
paralysed, and he is rendered helpless by the ope-
ration of the paternal laws of his country.

Captain HICKS, the governor of Whitecross-
street, has turned his attention to the circnmstances
of the very unfortunate and helpless persons who
are too frequently brought under his care, and he
has displayed a manly and generous anxiety to
prove himself the friend of those who
have no other to look to. Our old notions
of gaolers must be altogether modified, if
we are to take either Mr. BURDEN or Captain
HICKS as examples of the class. We believe, in all
sincerity, that it would be difficult to find truer-
hearted gentlemen than those whose names we have
mentioned, in consequence of the important situa-
tions they have occupied.
Captain HICKS has proposed that a prison solicitor
should be appointed—one who is ready to render
his assistance to any unaided person, while he does
not, and, from the constitution of his office,
cannot, interfere with the just and legitimate
practitioners in the court. This gentleman may
make inquiries in every instance. He may
ask whether the party has professional aid ?
whether his friends can render him any service?
or whether he must seek tho public assistance,
which ought to be bestowed on every citizen. The
proposal of Captain HICKS is one that deserves
calm and attentive consideration, and we believe
the more the subject is thought of, the more
strongly the project of Captain HICKS will be
sustaixed and recommended.

It would, of course, be the imperative duty of a
prison solicitor to visit every person as speedily as
possible after his arrest. He should see the captive
within the first 24 hours, and ascertain his pro-
spects and hopes. Such a person would comfort those
previously bereft of hope—would satisfy them of
the true state of their position—and convince them
as to the nature of the course which they ought
to pursue. As we on Thursday explained, the Insol-
vent Court is all that can be desired. It possesses
learned and experienced Commissioners, ready and
willing to temper justice with mercy; and all that
is wanting is, that more easy access should be
afforded to their Courts, and that they should
receive more extensil e powers, so as to be enabled
to afford complete and perfect relief, such as can be
given in Basinghall-street to every applicant.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, Nov. 12.

His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, her Royal
Highness the Duchess of Kent (attended by Lady Anna
Maria Dawson, and Sir G. Couper), and her Royal High-
ness the Princess of Leiningen dined with her Majesty yes-
terday. Col. the Hon. Sir Charles Phipps had the honour
of being invited. The party also included his Highness the
Maharaj ah Duleep Singh, and the Prussian Minister and
Countess Bernstorff, who arrived in the afternoon on a visit.
The Queen walked and drove in the Home Park this
morning, atttended by Lady Macdonald.
His Royal Highness the Prince Consort went to the
Wellington College, attended by Colonel the Hon. A.
Hardinge.

The Prince of Wales, accompanied by the Maharajah
Dulcep Singh, went out shooting. Major Teesdale was in
attendance on the Prince of Wales.

His Highness the Prince Mitschwin has taker
his departure from the Brunswick Hotel, to Paris.

The Earl of Hardwieke arrived in town yester-
day from W impole llall.
Viscount and Viscountess Dillon will shortly
leave torn for the Continent for some months.

The Right Hon. J. W. Henley left London yes-
terday for Brighton.

The Right Hon. W. F. and Mrs. Cowper are
passing the season at Broadlands, Hants.

Sir Ralph and Lady Howard have arrived at
their mansion in Belgrave-square from a tour on the Con-
tinent.

Mr. Frederick Peel has arrived at Fenton's
Hotel from Brighton. The Chevalier Guimaraens has
arrived at the same establishment from the Brazils.

THE RAGLAN TESTIMONIAL.—As the circulars
detailing the receipts and expenditure for the Raglan testi-
monial may not have reached all the contributors to the
fund, we have much pleasure in publishing the following
brief statement of the results. The object of the subscribers
was to insure a lasting memorial of the love and respect
entertained for the late estimable Field-Marshal Lord
Raglan, and it would appear from the document in our
possession that the intention has been fully realised. Tho
number of subscribers was 1,550, and the total amount of
subscriptions was £12,540 14s 'Bd. ; interest thereon, and
balance of profit and-loss upon Exchequer bills, purchased,
£.519 As. ; total, £13,050 2s. Bd. This sum has been ex-
pended in the purchase of a house and land in the neigh-
bourhood of Raglan Castle, as a residence for the son and
heir of the late lamented Field-Marshal, at a cost of £7,802
2s. S(1. Cash paid to Lord Raglan's agent for the repair of
end additions to the house and improvement of the land,
£1,621; law costs and incidental disbursements, £627, and
balance to meet a draft pa 3 •abla to solicitors, £lO • in all,
£13,060 2s. Bd. Too muchpraise cannot be bestowed' upon
his Grace the Duke of Richmond and General Lord Dow. the joint honorary managers of the fund, for the energy aril( si
carefulness displayed by them in the collection and disposal-
of this substantial tribute to a truly g od man and gallant
liccetiGleazeit
itte;lep-
nce of Brussels,
that the question of reducing the effective f
—United
the
assoslleldrietspr.
army by 100,000 men is under consideration in the Mini
into
a War; also that M. Fould, Alinister of State, has pstrY
.3nted to M. Magne, Minister of Finance, for his considera-
tion, a plan for the conversion of the Four-and-a-Half
years fixed, when
Cnits. wore converted into Four-and-a-Half
the Five per
Three per Cont. stock, even before the ten
o that opera-
for the commencement f
opera-
tion.
stock,
as
a minimum

LATEST NEWS.

The following telegrams have been received. at
Mr. Reuter's office :=
PARIS, SATURDAY MORNING.

According to advices from Naples, just received,
the property of the exil;s or emigrants, which was
sequestrated, has been confiscated by a Royal de-
cree, and will be distributed amongst the com-

munes.
There will not be any change in the Neapolitan
Ministry, as stated.

FRANKFORT, FRIDAY.

At yesterday's sittings of the German Diet the
united committees delivered their report ; after
which Herr von Buelow, the Danish Ambassador,
communicated the late resolutions of Denmark, as
regards Holstein and Lauenburg. The same were
delivered to the united committees.

MARSEILLES, Nov. 12th.
Advices have been received from Constantinople
to the 3d inst.

The Governor of Jeddah has been recalled.

Through the influence of Fuad Pasha the diffi-
culties on the Montenegro question were settled
without any ministerial modification.

According to intelligence from Teheran of the
3d.ult. the English ambassador was dangerously ill.

BERLIN, FRIDAY, 6.51 F.M.

The elections took place to-day. More than half
of the electors of the first instance (Urtvahler)
were present. The result was almost entirely in
favour of the new Ministry.

ST PETERSBURG, FRIDAY EVENING.

The Neva has been closed with ice since this
morning; the navigation is consequently stopped.
The direction and right of publication of the
Journal de St. Petersburg has been granted for
15 years to the publisher, Dufour.

PORTUGAL.
THE KING'S SPEECH.
LISBON, Nov. 5.

The King, accompanied by her Majesty the
Queen, opened the Cortes yesterday with a very
short speech, containing the following reference to
the recent disgraceful proceedings of the French :
" Friendly relations have not (since last session)
been interrupted with the nations with whom
we are allied. A serious Misunderstanding, how-
ever, arose between my Government and his
Majesty the Emperor of the French, in consequence
of the capture of the French ship Charles et Georges
in the waters of Mozambique. This question being
taken from the field of right, in which my Govern-
ment sought to maintain it, my Government, having
exhausted the resources in which the letter of
treaties authorised it to have confidence, was
obliged to cede to the peremptory exaction of the
delivery of that vessel and the liberation of the
captain.

" All the documents relating to this deplorable
conflict will shortly be laid before you, and upon
their examination I hope you will approve the pro-
ceedings of my Government, and reli'e it from the
responsibilitity it was forced to incur." -
We understand the French Minister has not yet
received any communication from Paris in reply to
the Portuguese despatch relating to the delivery of
the Charles et Georges, nor has any account been
yet presented for the indemnification.
Her Majesty's steam corvette Racer, Captain
Pakenham, from Plymouth, called at Lisbon on the
Ist and left on the 2d for Gibraltar ; and on the
6th the Victor Emmanuel and Racoon were left
anchored in the Tagus, as also the French -war
steamer Coligny.

THE AUSTRALIAN MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY NIGHT.

The Teviot steamer, Captain Woodward, has ar-
rived with these mails in charge of Mr. Nash, of
the General Post-office.

She left Alexandria on the 28th ult„ and Malta
the 2d inst., and has had strong headwinds most of
the way home. Portions of a vessel were passel-1
in the Channel.

Among the passengers from Sydney are Lieu-
tenants Dayrell and Meyer, of her Majesty's ship
Herald.; Mr. and Mrs. Westerton, Mr. Ather-

ton, &C;

The Teviot brings £170,450 in gold-dust, £136
in silver, 106 barrels of dates, 39 bales of wood, 81
bales of flax, and miscellaneous cargo.
Her Majesty's ships Marlborough, Conqueror,
Princess Royal, Hibernia, Terrible, and Caradoc
were at Malta.

Notwithstanding the severe weather experienced
by the Teviot, the whole of the immense mail has
been sorted on board, and the correspondence d
the West of England will be forwarded direct from
this place at 11.30 p.m., instead of being [sent to
London for distribution. A considerable saving of
time in its delivery is thus effected, and the arrange-
ment of the London portion into postal districts
will in every way expedite the delivery of the city
correspondence. Another proof is thus afforded of
the utility and 'practicability of sorting the mails
on the voyage, and it is to be hoped that so great a
boon to the public will before long be adopted on
all the lines of ocean mail service.

THE BOMBAY MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, SAM-RD:IY MORNING.

The Sultan, Capt. Cook, has arrived, having left
Alexandria Oct. 27; Malta, Nov. 1 ; and Gibraltar,
Nov. 6. She brings 23 passengers, 1,526 bales silk,
320 barrels and 30 cases
.dates, 44 packages teeth,
and sundries. Heavy head gales in the Mediter-
ranean ; strong easterly winds in the Bay of Bis-
cay, increasing to a very heavy gale from south-
east, with terrific sea, in which the port lifeboat
was lost. axd several sails split.
Gibraltar exchange on Londln 50, Paris 529,
Marseilles 530, Genoa 531. .

The Sultan bring& no specie.
FRANCE.

PA) ;JS, FRIDAY.

BOURSE, Nov. 12.—The market. has been very
buoyant for itente, and heavy for :Railway Shares.

The situation of the Bank was o onsidered as fa-
vourable. Threes have been dono at 74t 20c. and
-74 - 3.5 c. ; Mohilior varied from. 985 f. to 990 f. ;
Lyons, 865 f. to 877 f. 50e. ; Orb ans, 1,385 f. to
1,3901. 50c. ; and Southern, 585 E to 590 f. The
following arc the last quotations
per Cents. 96 .50 'Credit Fo meer.... 660
Do. end month 96 75 Belgian 4 . —
3 per Cents 74 25 Piedmont. Iso (1.).. 931
Do. end month 74 45 Roman .•.• • • • 05
Bank Shares. 3155 —lAustrian .
_ -

Credit Mobilier .. 990 -- Spanish 'flirt os
Do. Account ..... 993 75 Ifo;ne D, • •

RAILWAYS.

Orleans
Northern 25 1390
North
m
New di
Lyons anal ra l Moditernean 842 50
645
New ditto 875 WU
Geneva ••'
Midi
Southern •
• •
Wesfir n
Eastern
Grand Central

i/ 641 30

J 2 5 -

7 17 si) ..

588 75
62;3 ---
727 50

Sardinian .
Austrian ,

- -
465 - 462 50
657 50 .. 656 50

- -
Exchange on London, at )ight, paper, 25f. 10c.; money,
25f 71c.; three months, pl-vcry 24f. 95c.; money, 241.
921 c.

... - - - .1. .

SP_ N _IN.

The Madrid journals it,f the Bth do not contain
any political news of in portance, and their leading--
rt dies consist print *dly of coarse personal
attacks on political adv. varies. The civil authori-

4.
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THE SUN.
SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 13, 1858.