The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-05 00:00:00

THE SUN, .40.NDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 5, 1860

Bishop of the Gospels and his fisherman apostle
and their Pope.
The description of the contrast is one which
some may think appropriate to scenes they occa-
sionally witness on the banks of the Thames also.
Adverting to the gospelreader of the workshop and
garret, he asks—" And what will the sentence be,
when marking the acts of certain modern apostles,
and contemplating their worldliness and pride, their
ostentatious observance of the outward ceremonies
of worship, and their continual neglect of justice
and charity, he finds in the Gospel of Matthew,
Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites,
for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and
have omitted the weightier matters of the law,
judgment, mercy, and faith.' When looking around
hira he sees on the one side the rich vestments, the
banners, the wax candles, the loud music of the
temple, the priestly pomp ; on the other, the arbi-
trary sentences, insolence, waste, political wrongs,
and vengeance. What will that reader of the Gos-
pels say when he notes the humble poverty of those
ancient apostles, who, meek and without any dis-
tinction, followed with naked feet Him who had
not where to lay His head, &c. &c. ; and then ob-
serves the modern apostles of the Church, who,
clothed in purple, surrounded with luxury, covered
with military orders, are driven in carriages through
the streets of the Eternal City, while the humble
fisherman of Galilee, followed by a princely retinue,
betakes himself to St. Peter's in the middle of
a double file of Pontifical dragoons destined to pro-
tect the shepherd against his own flock ? With
difficulty would this poor simple citizen be able to
understand the identity which, he is told, exists
between the ancient and modern Catholic Church."
Ho would have some trouble to comprehend what
moral link can unite together two ideas which seem
to bear sufficiently dissimilar, but which are, never-
theless, he is assured, the natural consequence one
of the other—the idea of a pair of horses, a gilt
coach, with two lackeys in livery behind, and a
comfortable revenue in an episcopal palace, with
the idea of evangelical humility and poverty."
Doubtless many in England, and in connection
with a Protestant Church, have been and are equally
puzzled with the Italian artizan. But what must
be the changed state of things when, in the centre
of Italy, such remarks, and others equally just and
telling, arc published first in the columns of a news-
paper, then in a pamphlet which has had an enor-
mous circulation ! Surely the substratum of Italian
thought in regard to the Papacy is altered; and
if we ask how, the answer is—that the unex-
ampled evils of the Papal temporal rule have
set the people inquiring why they must
thus be ground down and tormented for the glory
of GOD and the Pope ; and at this important
crisis: the professed original of the Pope's authority
comes into their hands ! They first note, as the
Marquis observes, the glaring outward contrasts
between the Eupreme Pastor they have and the
SUPREME PASTOR of the Gospels ; then when they
inquire a little further, they find that the Supreme
Pastor of the Gospels explicitly declared that " His
kingdom was not of this world !" Forthwith they
conclude that as no authority can delegate what it
does not possess, our LORD and his Apostles did
not and could not delegate an authority which they
so unequivocally renounced.
Such, our author informs us, is the course which
Italian thought, in the light of the Gospel, even
among the humbler ranks, is now taking. All this,
and much more, he tells us, is indeed not very new
to Protestants. The abuses of the Pope's power,
both spiritual and temporal, caused the overthrow
of his rule in lands where, had it been exercised
with gentleness, it might have subsisted to this
day. It is quite easy, therefore, for us to under-
stand how gross abuses of an authority, to
which, according to the Divine records, acknow-
ledged by Catholics as well as Protestants,
he has no right at all, should quickly
open the eyes of the sufferers to the baselessness, the
shamelessness, of the claims through which they are
made to smart. But this is not all. M. d'AzEGLio
shows that persistency in claiming what is both
obviously unfounded and works so mischievously,
will suggest that the spiritual claims which few
Italians yet dispute are equally unfounded. The
author, though " himself full of reverence for the
Spiritual Head as well as for the doctrines of the
Catholic religion," yet sees with anxiety that " what
the Church gives to force she takes from faith ; for
her the triumphs of policy are the discomfitures of
Religion." He asks, " what must be the sensation
produced by the fatal massacre of Perugia on the
mind of an honest man sufficiently instructed to
read the New Testament ?" He thinks he would
probably say to himself, " that it is bettor to have
to do with the Head (CußisT) than with his
Viceregent " And this is, of course, the firs
lesson of Protestantism.

1 It is to be expected that this admirable pamphlet
will be anathematised by the vulgar agitators on
the other side St. George's Channel ; but numerous
readers there will cordially welcome it. The
worldly•minded part of the Irish hierarchy will
denounce the writer as a heretic, for nothing has
ever been a more deadly heresy than to attack the
temporal wealth and secular honours of spiritual
rulers. It is so even in Protestant hierarchies.
Sensible Catholics, however, will believe that
on the question—who most demands our sym-
pathy, the Pope or his subjects ?—an Italian sena-
tor
of high standing, and a Catholic too, is likely
to know better than an Irish priest. We believe
with Mr. LAYARD that, however great the struggle
may be, the Italians will ultimately be successful-.
Such simple and welcome truth as D'AZEGLIO pro.
claims to them is a weapon with which all the
bayonets of the French and of the Perugian mur-
derers will contend in vain. The POPE will soon
be nothing more than Bishop of Rome; and the in-
dications are becoming pretty plain that if he per-
sist in coveting more, even that which he has will
be taken from him.

His Excellency the Ambassador of France is
expected in town to-day from Paris.

The Duke of Newcastle returned to his seat,
Clumber Park, Notts, on luesday evening.

The Duke and Duchess of Beaufort will entertain
a distinguished circle at Badminton during the ensuing
week.

The Duke of Argyll has left town for Trentham,
where the Duchess and family are staying, on a visit to the
Duke and Duchess of Sutherland.

The Earl of Camperdown has left town for his
seat in Scotland. The countess and family are staying
with Sir George and the Hon. Lady Philips at their seat
in °A;Varwiekshira.

Viscount Palmerston left London on Tuesday
afternoon for his seat Broadlands, Hants.

The:Earl of Hopetoun was married on Tuesday to
Miss Birch Reynardson, daughter of Mr. Thomas Birch
Reynardson, of Holywell, in the county of Lincoln. The
marriage took place at Holywell. The newly wedded pair
came to London by the afternoon express, which stopped
at Little Bytham station to take them up, and arrived at
Kiug's-cross at four o'clock.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby have
left the St. George's Hotel.
The Earl and Countess of Winchilsea have left
the St, George's Hotel.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in town
on Tuesday morning from Ilawarden Castle, Chester. The
right hon. gentleman left London in the afternoon for
Windsor Castle on a visit to the Queen.
Sir Robert Pecl arrived at the Pavilion Hotel,
Folkestone, from the Continent, on Monday.
Sir George Grey, K.C.8., and Lady grey have
arrived at Howchin's Hotel, from Chunber Park, where
they hay been on a visit to the Duke of Newcastle,

LATEST NEWS.

RESIGNATION OF COUNT

WALE WS.

The following telegrams have been received a'
Kr. Reuter's office

PARIS, JAN. 5.
The II10)11161er of to-day contains a decree of the
Emperor appointing M. Thouvenel Minister for
Foreign Affairs, replacing Count Walewski, whose
resignation has been accepted.
M. Baroche is entrusted ad interim with the
Ministry for Foreign Affairs until the arrival of M.
Thouvenel.

BERLIN, JAN. 4

According to reliable information the Conference
of the German States on the sea-coasts (which was
convoked by Prussia on the 14th ult.), for the pur-
pose of discussing the question of fortifying the
shores, will be opened on the 9th inst. at Berlin.

MARSEILLES, JAN. 5,

Letters from Constantinople to the 28th ultimo
confirm the sudden dismissal of Kibrisli Pacha, and
affirm that it was caused by his demanding a settle-
ment of the debts of the seraglio and harem. Ruchdi
Pacha had been appointed Grand Vizier, and Aali
Pacha President of the Tanzimo.t, which office was
formerly held by Ruchdi Pacha.
It was believed that Mehemet Kibrisli Pacha
would soon be reappointed Grand Vizier.

The friends of reform were dispirited, although
Ruehdi Paella has the reputation of being a re-

former.

The new Grand Vizier had despatched a note to
the Powers promising his approval of the Suez
Canal scheme, should they come to an understand-

.ng on the question.

M. de Lesseps was preparing to leave Constan

nople.

INDIA.
BOMBAY, DEC. 15.
(Per extra steamer to Aden.)
Important news from Oude ; 2,000 rebels and
their leaders, Mammoo Khan, Kahn Bandoor,
Kahn Beni Mandoo, and his two sons have been
taken prisoners. The Begum escaped.

THE BOMBAY AND AUSTRALIAN MAILS.
The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company's
ship Panther, with the above mails, arrived at
Marseilles at 3 a.m. this day. Mails leave for Lon-
don at 10 a.m. Letters will be delivered on Satur-
day.

INDIA AND AUSTRALIA.

We have received, in anticipation of the Over-
land Mail, files of papers from Bombay to the 12th
of Dc-cember, from Melbourne to the 17th of
November, and from Sydney to the 12th.

AUSTRALIA.
THE COLONY OF VICTORIA.

We take the following from the Melbourne Argus
of the lith of November :

We avail ourselves of the departure of the
Benares to resume our monthly summary of events
in Victoria. •

The Malta, with the September mails from Eu-
rope, did not arrive in Hobson's Bay until the
morning of the 13th inst., having been docked at
the Mauritius, and thus delayed for five days.
When the last mail for England quitted these
waters it was at the close of a general election,
which had resulted in the return of a large majority
hostle to the O'Shanassy Administration.
The convocation of Parliament was deferred to
the latest practical moment, but the postponement
of the period at which the inevitable fall of the
Ministry would occur merely served to strengthen
public hostility.
When the debate on the Address was brought
to a close, the division list exhibited the following
result :

For the amendment
Against it .

Majority against Ministers . . . , 39
The minority included five members of the Go-
vernment, eight new members of the house, and
Mr. John Thomas Smith. As a matter of course,
Mr. O'Shanassy and his colleagues resigned, and his
Excellency the Governor confided to Mr. Nicholson
the task of forming a new Administration, and
eventually the following list was submitted to the
Governor, and received his approbation :
Chief Secretary
Treasurer.
Public Lands ..
Public Works
Post-office
Customs
. Attorney-General

Solicitor-General
The short Parliamentary recess necessitated by
the return of the members of the administration to
their constituents will terminate on the 29th inst.,
when the new Government will commence its duties,
strong in popular favour and in the support of the
press throughout the whole colony.

THE GOLD FIELDS.
An abundant supply of water once again, from the
heavy rains of two weeks since, has imported renewed life
and activity to the miners for a time, and has enabled them to
realise an amount of gold largo in the aggregate, and which
ought to tell on the escorts for some weeks to come. At the
commencement and during the continuance of every summer
the fact that the want of water is one of the greatest hin-
drances and difficulties the miner has to contend with is
forced on the attend in of all, and this is deemed sufficient
to account for and decrease in the yield, but still it was only
too manifest during the winter and spring months, while
water is comparatively plentiful, that the yield of gold is
falling off, and from something more than a temporary cause.
It was long hoped that the export for the year would at least
equal that of last ; but of this we have now no prospect.
The reefs in different districts of the colony have become
famous in turn for their yield of gold, but of late Poverty.
Reef, at Sandy Creek, has eclipsed all others. Two monster
cakes of amalgamated gold have been produced from quartz
raised within the last few weeks from one claim on this reef;
the first larger than any cake of gold before retorted in the
colony, and weighing 1,472 oz., and the second still larger,
and weighing no less than 1,522 oz.