The Sun.
London, England, 1867-01-10 00:00:00

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Executions at Maidstone.---This Da

The last sentence of the law was this morning
carried into effect upon James Fletcher and Anne
Lawrence, who were convicted at the recent winter
assizes for the county of Kent of the crime of wilful
murder, the offence of both being of a very aggra-
vated character.
Fletcher was convicted of the murder of one of
the warders at Chatham convict prison, and the
woman for the murder of her child by nearly sever-
ing the head from its body with a razor.
The execution took place at twelve o'clock. The
culprits exhibited great firmness, an 3 when the drop
fell they appeared to be dead almost immediately. I
T.

'HE OPENING OP THE AMAZON.

(From the Opinion National, Paris, Jan. 8, 1867.)
The .lloniteur cf yesterday publishes the decree relative
to the cpening of the river Amazon. This measure, the
decree says, has for its object "the aggrandisement of
the empire by making its international relations more
easy, by encouraging the navigation and the com-
merce of this river and its affluents. This measure
will realise a wish often expressed by scientific com-
missions of the -United States, England, and France.
It will be particularly agreeable to travellers in search of
novelties and the picturesque, but will not create a great
sensation in the commercial world. The Government at
Rio opens, or rather abandons, their deserted and un-
healthy regions under the Equator, to be better able to
concentrate all their power in the more fertile regions of
the South. With a free population, hardly equal to
that of Belgium, Brazil has a territory as largo
as all Europe. Bahia was its first capital, later
Bombel had it transferred to Rio do Janeiro, and the
Brazilians, when they declared themselves independent,
wanted to transplant their capital to the shores of the River
Plato. They understood that for the sake of saving the
empire it had to enlarge towards the south. The same
tendency is manifested now. The Imperial Government
feels the greater necessity of abandoning its inhospitable
shores in the north and to concentrate its forces in the
south, as one of her provinces, Matto-Grosso, is actually
in the possession of the Republic of Paraguay, which
will keep it as long as Brazil holds possession
of Mont
most e Video ; and another province, Rio Grande de
Sal, tho important province of tho empire, is always
on the watch to reclaim the independence which she en-
joyed for teu years. The late act of the Brazilian Govern-
sent is so little due to liberal intentions that she closes the
affluents of the River Plate, on which the southern pro-
vinces lie, opening at the same time the navigation of the
Amazon and its tributaries. It is well known that
Brazil keeps the River Plato and its tributaries blockaded
in violation of the treaties of 1853, which stipulate the free
navigation to commerce even in "time of war." If inter-
national treaties do not prevent Brazil from closing the
navigation of the tributaries of the River Plate, how
can it be expected that she will respect the decree of the
7th of September at any future time, perhaps not very dis-
tant, were she to find herself engaged in a war with
Peru and Bolivia ? Useless liberty in the North, slavery
and prohibition in the South, constitute the policy of the
Cabinet at Rio. Not only does Brazil not adhere to the
treaties of 1853, which stipulate the free navigation of the
La Plata and its affluents, but has prevented actually the
Republic Oriental of Uruguay to take part in it. And it is
well known that the object of this war now waged against
Paraguay is, as stated in the treaty of the Allies themselves
to take from Bolivia its condition as a rivrine, from Paraguay
the right to maintain, according to the treaties of 1853, the
free navigation of the rivers, and from the great European
Powers the privileges these treaties give them. The decree
of the 7th of September would really have inaugurated a
new era in commerce for Brazil, if at the same time the
navigation of the Amazon was thrown open to the world,
and the Upper Paraguay, Parana, and Uruguay, so far an
they belong to Brazil, were likewise opened. The free
navigation of these last named rivers is really required in
the great interests of the world's commerce. The valley
of the Amazon, on the contrary, offers nothing but a deso-
late country, inhabited by anthrophagies. On both shores
of the Amazon no town or ports are to be found to attract
the attention of commercial interest. Never will be seen
a fleet of over 100 vessels p its waters, to
by force of cannon, a paasage,enetrate as in 1846, and clearopen, the
passage of Obliged°, and reach the ports of Enter-Rios,
Corrientes, and Paraguay. These facts aro sufficient to
prove that the decree of the 7th of September is incom-
plete, and not an act of liberal intention. Wo have only
to add that if the opening of the Amazon were to give
some practical advantage to the world, and particularly
to Peru and Bolivia, the honour of this conquest be-
longs to Paraguay, who have triumphed over the military
and naval forces of Brazil at Curupaity, and has demon-
strated the impossibility of her retaining her immense
territory. It will be a great satisfaction to Europe to hear
of the cessation of the war and the peaceful development
of the vast resources of the various countries that have
been involved in a useless and unprofitable struggle.

TIIE COMMON LAW COURTS.—To-morrow, the
first day of term, the courts will be re-opened at the
usual huur. Ou the 31st March next a portion of the act
ordering fees to be taken by means of stamps will be re-
pealed. The salaries aro not to bo deducted, but the
whole fees by stamps paid into the consolidated fund.