The Sun.
London, England, 1858-01-05 00:00:00

BANK RETURNS.

It appeared from the examination of several
witnesses that the deceased had been for some time
in a low desponding state of mind in consequence of
his business having fallen off. His reverses caused
him frequently to give way to habits of intemper-
ance. On Thursday evening last he went out, and
having made more free than usual with some of his
acquaintances, on the following day he was more
than usually depressed, and kept his bed. In the
course of the afternoon he was discovered insensible
by his wife, who immediately sent for medical at-
tendance, when it was ascertained thAt he was
suffering from the effects of the poison. Ile died
the same thy.
The surgeon provei that death resulted from the
poison the unfortunate man had swallowed.
Mrs. Mayne, the widow of the deceased, who was
deeply affected, and others, spoke to his low de-
sponding state of mind for some time past, after
which the jary returned a verdict of " Temporary
Insanity."

The deceased has left a widow and family who
were entirely dependent on him for support.

THE PAST MILITARY YEAR.

(From flee United Service Gazette.)
The curtain has fallen on one of the most eventful
years in the history of the British army.
At the commencement of 1857 England was in a state
of profound peace with the whole world. There was
not even a black speck in any quarter of the horizon to
denote the possibility of a storm.
Confident in a perpetuity of calm, the Minister for
War had, in strange opposition to his declared purposes,
carried the reduction of the army to the lowest possible
scale. His estimates were moderate enough to satisfy
the most rigid sticklers for economy. Nothing had aug-
mented hut the Half-pay List, which in itself was evi-
dence of financial reduction.
Oa the other hand, a young and able Commander-in-
Chief, in spite of the obstructions to wholesome progress,
bad pushed forward the good work of army reform,
wringing from the Minister's reluctant hands the means
of augmenting efficienc4. A system of depot battalions
—intended as a nursery and reserve for regiments—was
successfully introduced. Great improvements were
effected in the schools of instruction in the use of the
musket'. An Inspectorship of Infantry became a new
feature in the army. The Queen's regulations underwent
careful revision. The proper education of staff officers
was insisted upon. Means were taken to form musical
schools for the improvement of military bands, and a
new description of mantra and platoon exercise came
into use. To render the position of the subaltern more
endurable, and check the baleful extravagance which dis-
tinguished military messes, the General Commanding-in-
Chief made a generous effort to restrict the table expen-
diture of officers. A committee of the Home of Com-
tuone presented a report on the subject of promotion by
purchase, in which, as on former eccasions, nothing was
concluded, but which brought out in a striking manner
the disinterested character of the head of the army, and
a ae v plan was formed (And subsequently rectified) for
qualifying the youth of England for commissions in the
army. Finally, the ply of the assistant surgeons has
been augmented by 25 per cent.
In the midst of these and other wise measures, carried
forward in a steady and unostentatious manner, a die
mend was suddenly made for the services of troops in
China. A war had arisen through a misunderstanding
between the representatives of British interests and the
China authorities, and as the first manifestation of hos-
tility was followed by murders and massacres of British
subjects, an expedition was despatched under Lieut.-
Gen. Aehburnhatn. But scarctly had the troops left
the shores of this cont.try when news arrived of a mutiny
in India of so serious a character that the services of
nearly half the British army were instantly put in re•
quieition to save to England her gorgeous Indian empire.
Nearly 30,000 good soldiers of all arms were, within
three months, despatched to Bengal, Madras, and Bom-
bay, for nearly the whole of the Peninsula had become
the scene of sanguinary and devastating warfare. The
costly effect of Lord Panmure's premature reduction
then became apparent. The recruiting sergeant was
obliged to exert himself vigorously, and the additional
teaptation to enlist was held out of a bounty and a free
kit—the latter having hitherto bees paid for by the sol-
dier. Commissions of ensigns were offered to gentlemen
who could bring 100 men, and lieutenant-colonelcies
e promised to those maj as who could raise entire
regiments. Many militia regiments were forthwith em-
bodied, and a considerable increase was made to the
s':rength of several regiments of the line by the addition
of second battalion-.
Pending the arrival in India of the reinforce.
ments thus suddenly required onso large a scale, the few
Queen's regiments stationed in the East bad manfully
entered upon the work of rescuing the country from the
mutineers, who were our own trained sepoys, numbering
70 to 80,000, and who had regained possession of &lithe
important places in Upper India. The history of no
army in the word presents so many brilliant pages as
were supplied in an incredible short space of time, under
a burning sun, in the worst period of the year, by the
corps which proceeded to the rescue. The2Carabiueere,
the 9th Lancers, the 14th Lighb Dragoons, the 60th
&flee, the 75th, the Bth,. the 52d, the stl), the 90th, and
the 93d, and above all the 64th and 78th Regiments
have gained imperishable renown. The sweepiag march
of Havelock will be remembered in after times as a
thing unparalleled in' ancient or modern history. The
skill of the general and the unconquerable spirit of his
men were the theme of universal admiration. The former
has had his reward in success, in honours, a pension, and
a regiment—the recompense of the latter is to come.
May it be roost liberal ! It cannot be on too generous
a scale for their deservings.
But let us not limit our tribute to those who have nobly
dared and nobly done in the dreadful crisis. Very
much praise and gratitude are due to the bream
soldiers who, surrounded by thousands of miscreants
thirsting for their blood, maintained their ground in the
midst of perils, privations, and anxieties. 'The 32d at
Luclenow are to be honoured, as were the 13th at Jel-
lalabad, and even more so, for their trials have been
greater and their solicitude heightened by the presence
of a vast number of helpless females and children.
From the list of good soldiers whose names were
an honour to the British army, a fearful deduction has
been made by the ruthless scythe of death during the
past year. We have lost veterans of Waterloo and the
Peninsula—the men who had greatly distinguished
themselves in Hindoetan. Generals Sir J. Macdonnell,
Sir R. Gs 11. Clarges, Sir W. 'ferries, Sir Nicholas
Thorne, and Sir G. Berkeley were among the remaining
few who followed the fortunes of the great Wellington.
Sir John Doveton had no equal in the length and cha-
racter of his services in India. Sir 11. Lawrence had no
peer in the brillency of a career, wrought out entirely by
his own energy, courage, and great sagacity. Neill and
Nicholson, of the Company's service, were also among
the very meritorious officers eh mwe have lost. The
roll bound by the cypiess would not be complete which
should ignore their names and that of Sir H. Barnard,
who fell too early in his promising life.
Thus much of the past. It has been a year of great
endurance—the army has been severely tried in several
war, and in each instance has come out of the ordeal
most houourably and successfully. Of the future we may
cherish the most pleasing expectations. The road to im-
provement is open?. The hands which wield, the destinies
of the army aro capable in every way, and are directed

by sound heals and pure hearts: Some great changes are
„ Lapis, which wi 1 largely augment their responsibility;
and we most sincerely hope that the confidence of the

country will be given to them that their labours may be
lightened, and their proper sense of importance aug.
ineuted. The army of India will, of course, almost im.

eiktely pans iLto the hands of the Crown, involving a
heavy amount of alditional care, and requiring some
new f2atures of organisation. We may expect also to
sec the Mi!itia placo.l more directly under tLe authority
of the Commander-in-Chiet. Centrali ation indispen-
sable to efficiency, and just now we have several forc:s
ackn >wleigicg dtstiuct authoride-s—a source of trouble

and delay, if not of shifting responsibility. This done,
and power being given to the Cimmander-ii.-Chief to
;lie a certain discretion in the pecuniary arrangeinents
connected with the sale of commissions, without refer-
ring every paltry matter to the S cretary of State in the
War Department, we may expect to see the military
machinery work smoothly, and to the unquestionable
advantage of the country.

(ADVE ENT. j- SMUT AND HEARING SPECTACLES—.
POWERFUL TELESCOPES OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVE
CLASSES. —S. and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-
street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel, W.
By hee Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and ex-
traordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant
Telescopes, Camp, Race-course, Opera, and Perspective
Glasses, to know the distances. These Telescopes possess
such eltraordinary power that some, three and a-half inches,
with au extra eye-piece will show distinctly Jupiter's moons,
Saturn's ring, and the double stars ; with the same telescope
can be seen a person's countenance three-and-a-half miles
distant and an object from 16 to 20 miles. For the waist-
coat-pocket, and are of larger, and all sizes, with increasing
powers accordingly, The Royal Exhibition, 1851. —A valu-
able, newly-invented, very small, powerful, Waistcoat-pocket
Glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and
known one and a-half mile distant. They answer every pur-
pose on the Race-course and at the Opera-houses. Country
scenery and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles. They
are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to
sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera,
Camp, Perspective, and Race-course Glasses, with wonderful
powers. - invaluable preserving Spectacle Lenses of the
greatest transparent power. The groat advantage dek.ved
from this invention is, that vision impaired becomes pre-
served and strengthened and very Rigel persons are enabled
t, employ their sight at the most minute eceupation—can see
with tl.ooe lenses of a much less rnag,nify iug power—awl
they do not require the frequent changes to the dau•
gerous effects of further powerful assistance. Persons
can be suited at the mot+ remote part of the world 17 send-
ing one of the gLs.eses out .at their spectacles in a letter, and
stating the dist ince from the eye they can read small l rut
with it, and those who have not made use of spectacles by
stating their ago. Deafness.—Now Discovery.—The Ole-rule
Vibrator, al rxtraordinarily powerful, small, newly-invented
instrument for dearness, entirely different from all of aers,
surpassing anything of the £kind that has been, or prob ably
can, be produced. Being of the same colour as the sk in, is
not perceptible. It enables deaf persons to hear distinct lyat
churchand at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensatie n of
singing noises in the ears is entire v remov,d, and it aflords
all the assistance that possibly could be desired.-39. Alto
ularlo•streot, Piccadilly,— Opposite the York Hotel, W,

An Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth
Victoria, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank
Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and
Wales, in. Circulation during the Week ending Satur-
day, the th day of Dee., 1857 :

Average
Amount.

PRIVATE BANKS.
Andover Bank, Andover-Heath and Co.
Ashford Bank, Ashford-Jemmitt Pomfret, and
Co.
8,555
Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury-Z. D. Hunt 20,949
Baldock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade
Bank, Baldock-Wells, Hodge, and Co 26,721
Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple-Marshall and Co 8,580
Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke-
Seymour, Lamb, and Co.
Bedford Bank, Bedford-Barnard and Co. ...
Bewdley Bank, Bewdley - Nichols, Baker,
and Co
OO
• 9,83
Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford
Bank, Bicester-H. M. and G. Tubb 14,801
Birmingham Bank, Birmingham - Attwoods,
Spooner, and Co 18,943
Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir-
mingham-J. L. Moilliet and Sons 5,656
Blandford Bank, Blandford-Oak and Co. 5.573
Boston Bank, Boston-Clavpons and Co.
Boston Bank, Boston-T. Gee and Co. - -
Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater-J. and J. L
Sealey
Bristol Bank, Bristol-Miles, Miles, and Co 28,572
Broseley and Bridgnorth and Bridgnorth and
Broseley Bank, Broseley-Pritchards, Boy-
cott, and Co.
Buckingham Bank, Buckingham-Bartlett, Par-
rott, and Co.
Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and
Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds-
Oakes, Bevan, and Co.
Banbury Bank, Banbitry -J. C. and A
Gillett
Banbury Old Bank, Banbury-Cobb and Son 25,297
Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton
Buzzard-Bassett, Son, and Co.
Birmingham Bank, Birmingham-Lloyds &Co 18,427
Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire-H
A. and W. M. Harris and Co. 10,015
Brecon Old Bank, Brecon-Wilkins and Co 43,994
Brighton Union Bank, Brighton-Hall, West,
and Co.
Burlington and Driffield Bank , Burlington-
Harding, Smith, and Co
Bury St. dmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds-
Worliedge and Co
Cambridge Bank, Cambridge-Mortlock & Co
Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam-
bridge-Messrs. Fosters
Canterbury Bank, Canterbury-Hammond and
Co
Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen-David Morris
and Sons
Chertsey Bank, Chertsey-La Coste and Son
Colchester Bank, Colchester-Round, Green,
and Co.
Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and
Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank,
Colchester-Mills, Bawtree, and Co
Cornish Bank, Truro-Tweedy and Co
Coventry Bank, Coventry-Little & Woodcock
CCritayveßnaEnka,nkE,xseteetrt-le_MAilt
ocordckas,nßd iCrkob'ecks, and
Co
Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon-
mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon
Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank,
Chepstow-Bromage, Snead, and Co
Derby Bank, Derby-W. and S. Evans & Co
Derby Bank, Derby-Samuel Smith and Co
Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak
Bank, Derby-Crompton, Newton, and Co
Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes-Locke
and Co
Diss Bank, Diss-Fincham, and Co
Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster
-Cooke and Co
Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton
on-Tees Bank, Darlington-Backhouse & Co
Devonport Bank. Devonport--Hodge and Co
Dorchester Old ]Tank and Dorsetshire Bank,
Dorchester-R. and H. Williams
Fast Cornwall Bank, Liskeard-Robins, Fos-
ter, and Co
East Ridino. Bank, Beverley-Bower and Co
Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank
Chelmsford-Sparrow' Round, and Co
Exeter Bank, Exeter-Sanders and Co
Farringdon Bank and Bank of \Vantage, Far-
ringdon-Barnes, Medley, and Co
Farnham Bank, Farnham-Messrs Knight
Faversham Bank, Faversham-Hilton and Co
Godalming Bank, Godalming-Mellersh and
Keen
Guildford Bank, Guildford-Messrs. Haydon
Grantham Bank, Grantham-Hardy and Co
Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford---
Matthews and Co.
Hull Bank and Kingston-upon-Hull Bank,
Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co.
Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting
don-Veasey and Co.
Harwich Bank, Harwich-Cox, Cobbold, and
Co.
Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin -
Sharpies, and Co.
Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Bank, and
Ross and Archenfield Bank, Ross -
Morgan and Co ..........
IpswichlpswichEn aft
Bank,
dkie:
agßankanhnd dB,
a In pks
Needham,wi c- B c ....... : ...... ' 178'698105
WoodbridgeMarket
Manningtree
Ba nßk
,aannkid,pBSmwu
tOh. Suffolk,
KeAniteisxhanßdearnskr
ivfd
aidsto m" .e..r.c.e.
r.., .. 56, 40'
ne-
Randall,
and Co. ...................... . .
o.
Kendal
eni
Inna tongdanrvieaaslrebe
BBso
braaaoonnnurdkodg
uhc Old
gRi
Bo.a.
aria.
Is:
.40e.
nani
Kendal-Wakefield,
and
ae.
Ranfi.
pik.
do. k.
w. d
8. ol n
Old a
25 ,
955
Kd
on
and Co. ............................................... 35 804
Lane End Staffordshire Bank Lane End-C.
Harvey and Son ... ~.... ........................... 4,854
Leeds Bank, Leeds-Beckett and Co.
Leeds Union Bank, Leeds-9
W. Will
Williams,
a
Brown and Co.
Leicester Bank, Leicester-T. 34,635
&T. T. Paget 26,235
Lewes Old Bank, Lewes-Whitfi.ld and Co 16,853
Lincoln Bank, Lincoln-Smith, Ellison, and Co 79,506
Llandovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Llan-
dilo Bank, Llandovery-D. Jones and Co 19,473
Loughborough Bank, Loughborough-Middle-
ton and Cradock
Lymington Bank, Lymington-S. and G. F
St. Barbe
Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn
Regis-Gurneys and Co.
Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis-
Jarvis and Co 10,326
Macclesfield Bank, Macclesfield-Brocklehurst
and Co.
Manningtree Bank, Manningtree-Nunn and
Co.
36
Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts
Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl-
borough Old Bank and Hunger-ford Bank,
and Hung 'rford Bank, Marlborough-Tan-
ner and CO
Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly-Williams and
50n...............................................
Miners' Bank, Truro-Willyams and Co ......
Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial
Bank, Abergavenny-Bailey and C 0...,..,,, 26,3.
Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre-
con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old
Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank,
Monmouth-Bromage, Snead, and C 0...,,, 12,486
Newark Bank, Newark-Godfrey and Riddell 20,620
Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and
Newark Bank, Sleaford-Handley, PeacoCk,
and Co
43,909
Newbury Bank, Newbury-Bunny & Slocock 15 316
Newmarket Bank, Newmarket-Eaton, Ham-
mond, and Co
15,778
Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk
Bank, Norwich-Harveys and Hudson 48,200
Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich-Gur-
neys and Birkbecks
Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not-
tingham, Hart, Fellows, and Co
Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton-Craddock and Co
Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth-Harris
and Co. ..
16,98,
New Sarum Bank, Sarum-Everett and Co 8,579
Nottingham Bank, Nottingham-Samuel Smith
and Co.
26,849
Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os
vestry-Croton and, Co
Oxford Old Bank, Oxford-Parson, and Co.
Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton-
bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton-
bridge Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Ton-
bridge-T. H. and S. Beaching
Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney--J, W
Clinch and Sons
Pease'e Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank
and Beverley Bank, Hull-Pease and Co
Penzance Bank, Penzance--Batten and Co.
Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter.
borough-D. Yorke and Co.
Pembrokeshire Bank, Haverfordwest-j. and
W. Walters
Reading Bank, Reading-Simonds and C 0.....
Reading Bank, Reading-Stephens, Blandy,
and Co.
Richmond Bank, Ricinnond-Roper and Co.
Rochdale Bank, Rochdale-Clement, Royds,
and Co.
Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches-
ter-Day and Nicholson 6,285
Royston Bank, Royston- Fordham and Son 11,103
Rugby Bank, Rugby-A. Butlin and Son 8,503
Rye hank, Rye -- R. C. Poinfret, &Co 10,03'
Ros Old Bank, Heredfordshire, Rosa -
Allaway and Macdougal
Saffron Walden and Noah Essex Bank, Saf-
fron Walden-Gibsons and Co. at. 29,467
Salop Bank Shrewsbury-Burton, Lloyd, and
Co.
Scarboraa4h Old Bank, Scarborough-Wood-
10,628
all and Co
28,650
Shrewsbury Old Bank and Shrewsbury and
Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury- Rocke, Ey..
toils, and C 0....... ..............................
Soutwell Bank, Southwell-Wylde and Co
Southampton and Hampshire Bak Southa-
ton--4therley, Fell, and C0.............,
....
8a........
Taunton Bank, Taunton-11, and R,dcpck 24,105

9,169

20,490
28,501

0,018

1,939
3,779

42,043

29.492

4,662

31,150
39,548
6,282
16,418

54,486

7,350
8,887
31,196

21,622

6,905
10,154

55, 603

64,784
7,150

41,216

47,683

41,532

5,069

25,3G3

0,534

1.0,184

5, 772

3,017

8,141
14,315

8r,425

7,7011
3,060

6,606

9,755

38,677
10,392

8, 1 6 3

6,931
22,888

25,020
5,676

2,450

3,70 i

31,925
10,63)