The Sun.
London, England, 1867-07-16 00:00:00

r FITE NAVAL REV lEW.—CALLAGHAN'S 1
-P1- OPERA., RACE, and MARINE GLASSES in every
variety of size and price ; matchless for great
tot p
celebrated
glasses made by Voigtlander, Vienna. The new aluminium
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—CALL NG GRAN, Optician, 23i, New Boud-street, W.,
corner of Conduit-street.
----------

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY-LANE.
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. F. B. Chatterton.
Tins EVENING. THAT RASCAL JACK, Messrs. J.
R,ll-e, J. Neville, C. Warner; Mesdames B. Aleyne, C.
Thompson.
To concludo with T HE GREAT CITY. 'Messrs. C.Warner,
F. Morton, J. Fitzjames, F Villiers, J. C. Cowl er, W.
N'lnt) re, J. Rouse, J. Irving, J. B. Johnstone; Mesdames
M. I:obettson, E. U. LeThomp on.
mmence at S( yen.

1 ‘IIEAT it E ROYAL, II NY lAI ARKET,
Sole Lrssee and Manr..4.r. Mr. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, PETEI.I. SMINK.
10-A-cd by THE CnQUF.TT F. Messrs. Howe, Comp-
ton, Gordon, Vincent. Weathersby, Coe, S.C. ; Mesdames
ek, Matthews, Lewin, le-c.
.otter which, WHO %V ANTS A GUINEA. Messrs. rock-
om• e. Chippenda'e. Itogers.Compton, Clark, K endal,
]lama,d',How Gordon, White, &c.; Mesdames Burke, alathews,
Laws, Sv.l.

interests, and so we are convinced the community
will feel through the length and breadth of the
land. At the same time we cannot but regret the
course pursued by many of the speakers in last
night's [debate ; it was quite unworthy of the
occasion, themselves, and the House of
Commons. Surely there was sufficient
time during the protracted debates on the
subject of Reform during this Session for
these malcontents to have vented their rage, ex-
pressed their scorn, and indicated their rights, but
it appears they thought otherwise ; and hence the
House was doomed to see long hours taken up with
vehement, angry, and lengthy protestations as to
the merits and demerits of the line Ministers had
pursued. These taunts and sarcasms were the more
idle because they could answer uo end. The Go-
vernment is totally unaffected by them ; and even
had the Chancellor of the Exchequer remained per-
fectly silent, instead of delivering one of his brilliant
speeches, the character of the Ministry would not
have suffered in the estimation of the country. 'We
consider the best answer that cm possibly be made
to those eager speakers who so furiously assailed
the occupants of the Treasury Bench was the recep-
tion given to the speech of the right hon. gentle-
man. As for the other Ministers remaining silent,
it showed their wisdom ; they did not want to waste
another week in answering charges that all who
knew anything of the matter felt to be groundless as
soon as they were uttered, and if they bad spoken
for ever they could not have won Lord
CRANBORNE'S approval for a Cabinet that had
presumed to differ from him, and preferred the
interest of the nation to the honour of his sharing
their councils ; nor could they have convinced Mr.
LOWE that Reform was desirable in any shape or form.
We do not deny that these members have a perfect
right to their own opinion, only there are different
ways of doing the same thing, and fitting times and
seasons for all things. Yesterday was not the suit-
able time for indulging in personalities; there had
been ample opportunity for this kind of discussion
during the few months that have been nearly all
engrossed by this absorbing topic.
Mr. DISRAELI'S answer entirely met all the
charges against the Government, and he showed
how completely they had mistaken the matter in
stating that the Conservative party were pledged
against Reform. On the contrary, as the right hon.
gentleman said, he has taken every opportunity of
saying that Reform was a question which it was
quite open for them to deal. with. Very true was
his remark to the House collectively, " You Lave all
co-operated with us, and it is by your frank and
cordial co-operation that we have arrived at
the third reading." As to the various charges and
insinuations put forward, Mr. DISRAELI met theta
in due course and scattered them to the winds.
Lord CIIANBORNE told them that they had yielded
to Mr. GLADSTONE'S imperious dictation, and altered
the character of their measure accordingly, but, as he
said, Mr. GLADSTONE had voted against the Govern-
ment in eighteen out of the twenty-six considerable
divisions that have taken place, so that there was
really not much evidence of the though
successful
imperious dictation of which so much had
been heard. The dual vote was given up
in deference to the wishes of the Conservative
party, who were quite opposed to it. As for the
reduction in the county franchise that was also ad-
vocated by the party, and the Government received
communications on the subject. The two years'
residence was not " obsequiously" given up, because
a division was taken on the subject, on which many
Conservatives left the House, some voted against
their leaders, andothers supported them unwillingly.
If the Opposition laughed at the assertion of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, that they bad only
acted in harmony with their general policy,
he told them very properly that this was a
question which could not be settled by a
jeer or a laugh but by facts, " facts and results
which many of you deprecate and deplore at this
moment, and in consequence of which you tell us
that you mean to re-open the agitation which I defy
you to do."
A little reflection will show that Mr. DISRAELI
has acted consistently with those professions he has
made for many years past. As he said last
night, look at the policy of redistribution ; he
had all along advised that no seat should be
disfranchised, and also the attempt had been car-
ried out to do justice in the representation of
the counties. Respecting the assistance which be
has met with from the House during the course
of this anxious work of introducing a Reform
Bill, he still declared that they had assisted
the Government to carry out their own desires.
Very striking and effective was the closing pas-
sage in the right hon. gentleman's speech, and
especially that part in which he referred to the
" doleful vaticinations" of Mr. LowE, who told
them that be was not a prophet, and yet went
on to picture a series of horrors that would
inevitably follow upon the course now taken.
The right hon. gentleman the member
for Caine certainly did not mince matters
in the expressions he made use of. He accused the
Government of treachery. lie said that they were
pursuing a course of " infamy," and so on. We
think that the Chancellor of the Exchequer was per-
fectly justified in giving him the advice which he
did, namely that he might have weighed his words
a little more. Mr. DISRAELI very properly asked
what Mr. LowE thought of his own conduct when
he assisted to turn out Lord DERBY'S Govern-
ment in 1857 on the plea that they would
not reduce the borough franchise, and
then the next year be invited his political
opponents to defeat the measure of Lord PALMEIIS-
TON'S administration on the subject of Reform.
"For my part," concluded Mr. DISRAELI, "I do
not believe that the country is in danger. I think
England is safe in the race of men who inhabit her,
that she is safe in something much more precious
than her accumulated capital, her accumulated ex-
perience. She is safe in her fame, in the tradition
of a thousand years, and in that glorious future
which I believe awaits her." The right hon. gentle-
man's speech was received with the most enthusiastic
applause at its completion, and it may be considered
as one of his most brilliant successes in Parliament,
for he succeeded in demolishing the arguments of
his adversaries, and rose to the height that was due
in adverting to the position of affairs. The Govern-
ment of Lord DERBY have no cause to repent of the
choice they have made, and no reason to regret the
•
exertions they have male. While professions with
out number have beenfollowed by no practi..:e on
the part of the Liberals, the Cons2rvatives
have contrived to do the work effectively, and while
this generation lasts there will be no reason to ex-
pect another agitation in the matter of Reform. It
is a great cause for national rejoicing that so satis-
factory a measure should have passed the House of
Commons, and the Ministers may well afford to
disregard the sneers of some and the envy of others,
for they have performed their duty faithfully to
that people whose interests they are bound to study,
and whom it should be their pride to serve.

In the midst of all the gaieties and festivities
celebrating the visits paid by the various European
Sovereigns to the Courts of England and France,
the trial of BEREZQWSKI comes as au unpleasant

.
rotwnder of some of the sterner realities. Like
the skeleton at the Egyptian feast, the desp6rate

crime of the Pole served to recall to the minds of
the spectators that underneath the pageantry and
the splendour and the courtly smiles there still
lurked the traces of oppression, of mis-
government, of popular discontent. The bullet
of BIEREZOWSKI was an unpleasant illustra-
tion of the old saying about the uneasiness of the
heads that wear crowns, and the two Emperors
might have been glad to have dispensed with a
little of the pomp for the sake of enhancing the
security. The crime of the assassin is never one
that excites any sympathy in this country. English-
men refuse to accept any extenuation for so base
and dastardly an act, and not all the sophistries of
philosophers, nor the eloquence of enthusiasts, can
avail to alter their conviction that the assassina-
tion of the worst of rulers is a moral and poli-
tical crime. ALEXANDER cannot certainly be styled
the worst of rulers for, in many instances, he has
shown an enlarged and liberal mind. The
oppression of the Poles unhappily dates from a
much ol,ler epoch, and its very length puts another
obstacle in the way. But it is equally unfair and
foolish to visit the sins of many upon one. ALEX-
ANDER is not personally responsible for the misfor-
tunes of Poland, and his death would not certainly
have ameliorated the condition of the country. The
attempt of BEREZOWSKI, if it had effected his pur-
pose, would have been usBess ; while the selection
of a friendly visit and popular rejoicing being chosen
for the murderous attack rendered it very unpopular
even among the crowds who had been previously
shouting " Viva la Pologne." The rapidly suceeed-
ing excitements of the time have thrown the fate
of BEREZOWSKI into comparative oblivion. It has
been thought, however, that most probably the
assassin would not meet with the full penalty the
law attaches to his crime. It was, indeed,
rumoured that the CZAR had made it a particular
request to his Imperial host that his life should
be spared. Whether this were the case or no, it is
certain that the jury with little delay found
the prisoner guilty of an attempt at homicide,
with extenuating circumstances, and he was sen-
tenced to transportation for life. What the ex-
tenuating circumstances are is not very clear, unless
the excessive devotion of the Pole's mind to the
wrongs of his country may be accepted as forming
one of them, and his youth another. Few will be-
grudge him the reprieve, for his fate is at best a
melancholy one, end we must hope that the failure
of his attempt will make such cowardly and criminal
means of attaining a noble end, the emancipation of
her oppressed people, be henceforward laid aside as
futile, as well as stigmatised as disgraceful.

The arrival of the City of Baltimore with news
from New York to the 6th inst. tells us that the
celebrated Fourth of July was as usual celebrated
with enthusiasm throughout the North, but that in
the South the rejoicings were chiefly confined to the
freedmen and the military. Civilians of the Southern
States have indeed but little cause to rejoice over
an anniversary which must recall painfully to
their minds their own bard-fought and fruit-

less struggle for national independence. Year
after year the Republicans of the North
celebrate the determination of their fathers in
throwing off the tics that bound them to the mother
country, and in asserting their resolve to be a self-
governing nation, without seeming to perceive that
they are withholding the very same rights from
their own countrymen. They hold that the com-
pact originally made by the thirteen States was in-
dissoluble, not only as regarded themselves, but all
others who might afterwards become members of
thermion. But such a theory is opposed to the whole
tenour of American principles and practice. They
allow no sacred or inherent right of government as
some European monarchies do, neither aro they very
ready to admit the claims of custom and tradition,
and veneration and respect. They base their fabric
on reason and the rights of peoples, but in practice
they fall back on the old despotic principle of co-
ercing those who differ in opinion. Where the
limit is at which it becomes heroic for a body of
men to throw off their old allegiance and form a
new Government for themselves they do not tell us.
How many millions make the difference between
treason and patriotism they do not say, but the
Fourth of July is celebrated with enthusiasm, while
the States that formed the Confederacy are still a
desolation and a reproach. There seems little to be
hoped for from the Congress, and until we have a
change in the legislAtors we can hardly hope for
much change in the laws. A supplemental bill has
been introduced in the House of Representatives,
giving the Southern district commanders discre-
tionary power to remove civil officers. This is another
of those unfortunate instances of divided authority
which are constantly occurring in the States since
the domination of the Radicals over Congress.
The Attorney-General has pronounced the removal
of the civil officers illegal, and the PRESIDENT has
reproved the general in command for sanctioning
it. The Congress is evidently determined to sup-
port the military through every obstacle, and will
alter the laws till they meet their wishes. This is
an unsatisfactory and unconstitutional method of
egislation, and is little calculated to preserve public
berties.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Monday Evening.

I was enabled to state yesterday that the Emperor
had sent a letter to M. Muller, Minister of Finance,
accompanied with the Cross of the Legion of
Honour, set in diamonds. The following is a trans-
lation of his Majesty's letter :
"Palace of the Tuileries, July 13, 1867.

" My dear Monsieur Rouher,—l send you the
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour in diamonds.
The diamonds add nothing to the high distinct'
which I conferred upon your long service, bu
seize this opportunity of giving publicly a now proo
of my confidence and esteem.
"In the midst of your numerous labours, in the
midst of unjust attacks of which you are the object,
an arnica' attention on my part will make you
forget, I hope, the annoyances inseparable from
your position, only to leave to your recollection
your success and the services which you render
daily to the country.—Receive, my dear Monsieur
Rouher, the assurance of my sincere friend hip,
" NAPOLEON."

The arrivals of Sovereigns and Princes have lately
been so numerous in Paris that an additional
monarch or two is thought nothing of. Some people
have parodied the expression of the late Sir Robert
Peel, who, in discussing au important financial
question, hell up the gold coin of a pound and said,
" What is a sovereign ?" We have, however, an
arrival in Pans which has a very important signifi-
cation. It iJ that of Admiral Tegethoff and the
naval officers who are to accompany him to Mexico,