The Sun.
London, England, 1867-10-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, AIONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 21, 1867,

all matters in which religion is concerned should
be treated according to religious principles. The
State, nevertheless, has the power to permit or not
to permit the civil effects of matrimony ; but it
does not possess the power to give and withhold
its permission at the same time.
Catholics are convinced that by virtue of a
Divine ordinance an accomplished marriage is in-
dissoluble ; but Protestants hold that marriage is
dissoluble. The non-Catholic believes that it may
be dissolved on account of adultery. According to
the strict law the innocent party only was per-
mitted to contract a new marriage ; but this
distinction has been long given up. In mar-
riages between a Catholic and a non-Catho-
lic the case may arise that the non-Catholic
may wish for a separation which is not for-
bidden by the principles of his religion. The
Legislature is bound, therefore, to decide either
that the civil effects of a mixed marriage can only
be removed by death, or make their continuance deli
-
pend on the decision of a judge who acts according
to the principles of the non-Catholic party to the
marriage. The Austrian Legislature adopted the
first alternative, and declared mixed marriages to
be indissoluble, and, in doing so, it has acted in
accordance with the demands of justice and with
the regard which is due to the principles of moral-
ity. For the Catholic marriage is a union which
death alone can dissolve ; but, if the non-Catholic
husband has the right to break the bond as soon
as a change comes over his inclinations, such a
right would establish a violent inequality of right
between two persons, to whom even heathen Rome
considered belonged a community of all things,
divine and human. Were there a conflict of
duty in the matter, then, indeed, the difficulty
would be great, but such is not the case. The
non-Cathz,lic Greek is in nowise commanded by
his religion to marry again in a case of adultery
happening ; it only permits him to do so ; and it
would bo revolting in the extreme were he to be
guilty of adultery, and by that act acquire the
right to dissolve the bond which united him to
a Catholic woman. Between Catholics and Pro-

testants the difference in regard to the idea of
marriage is very great. All Catholics, and also non-
Catholic Greeks, Armenians, and Syrians, as well
as the Monophysites and Nestorians who left the
Church in the fifth century, acknowledged mar-
riage-as a sacrament of the New Testament. But
Martin Luther calls marriage an outward worldly
thing like food, clothes, or house and farm.
Nevertheless, the Christian sentiment survived in
the communities of his persuasion, and even in
himself. Thus, although Protestants denied that
marriage was a sacrament, and subjected it to the
civil law, and maintained its dissolubility, yet the
duties of marriage were held sacred and honoured,
and as long as this respect continued both law and
custom look upon divorce with disfavour, and
restricted the right as much as possible. But now
things have changed.
In weighing these reasons the scales are not
even; in fixing the dissolubility of marriage for
the Protestant side preference of the principle of
dissolubility is given over that- of indissolubility.

A. Protestant Government follows in this matter
the principles laid down by its religion. The Aus-
trian Government has no such excuse. In France,
for the sake of the inviolability of a great prin-
ciple, Protestants even are constrained to contract
no marriages among themselves but such as are of
an indissoluble character.

The Emperor has sent an autograph letter to the
Prince Archbishop of Vienna, Cardinal Rauscher,
in reply to the address of the Austrian prelates
respecting the Concordat. The letter is as follows :
—" The address forwarded to me by the arch-
bishops and bishops I have handed over to my re-
sponsible Ministry. I willingly appreciate tho
pastoral zeal and the well-meaning intentions which
made it appear to the bishops to be a matter of
conscience, to stand forward again, as in 1849 and ,
in 1861, with a solemn declaration in favour of
the preservation of the rights and interests of the
Catholic Church. Yet I must complain that instead
of supporting, in accordance with my wishes, the
earnest endeavours of the Government in Church
questions, and instead of advancing their most
pressing solution in a spirit of mutual conciliation,
the bishops have preferred to increase the difficul-
ties of the task at a time when, as they themselves
very correctly remark, unity is so necessary to us ;
when it is so urgently enjoined upon us not to add
to the cause of dissension and complaints. I trust
that the bishops will be convinced that I shall at
all times protect and shelter the Church ; but I
trust that they will also remember the duties
which I, as a constitutional ruler, have to per-
form."

powers from the consent of the governed. Consent
in a Republic is signified by suffrage ; women are
governed, therefore they have a right to signify
their consent, and therefore they have a right to
vote."

It is unfortunately characteristic of American
prominent public men to express opinions regarding
the most elevated of their fellow-citizens in lan-
guage which is more unbecoming to them than to
those they denounce. When betrayed in the
warmth of debate into what is termed in England
" unparliamentary language," they ought at least
to avoid it when writing their opinions to a news-

paper. Speaker Colfax has addressed a letter to
the Chicago tribune, which can only tend to bring
the great assembly he represents as Speaker into
disrepute. Mr. Johnson is the elected Head of
the Nation. Mr. Colfax, who occupies the same posi-
tion in America as the Speaker of the House of
Commons in England, considered there the first Com-
moner, does not hesitate to pen this long-winded sen-
tence :—" That was pretty near what 1 said ; but, at
a time like this, men who are in public life desire to
be judged on their exact positions. May I ask brief
space in your columns to say that I counted the
days till Congress would again meet, because in 20
days after that time Elwin M. Stanton would go
back again to the War Department, in spite of the
malignant President who sought to expel him from
the position in which he had served the country so
faithfully; that when Congress resumed its legisla-
tive authority the House, in accordance with the de-
mands of the loyal masses throughout the land,
would be required to place the President before the
tribunal provided by the constitution, to defend
himself there from the charges of persistent usurpa-
tions, and persistent violations of the oath
which requires him to take care that the laws
shall be faithfully executed ; and that, while I
did not believe Mr. Johnson dared to fulfil the
threats against Congress, now being made by his
Washington organs, apparently in his name, yet
whoever did dare to destroy the legislative depart-
ment of the Government by revolutionary force,
whether President, Cabinet Minister, or citizen,
would be tried for his treason, and punished as a traitor
with his feet, not like the trailers of the recent re-
bellion, on the earth, but in the air." Every one
knows that such talk is only talk, that the United
States as a nation is less inclined to take vengeance
on those it deems to be political enemies than any
other; carrying, indeed, their forgiveness of grave
crimes almost to a fault. It is a pity, then,
that the nobility of their generosity should be marred
by such language. To understand General Logan's
denunciation it should be remembered that the
President is ex officio Commander-in-Chief. In a
recent speech at Cincinnati, the General declared
that the President " ought to be impeached, and
hurled from the White House as the devil was hurled
over the battlements of heaven."

Secretary M'Culloch has written a letter, reiter-
ating his belief in the national Government being
pledged to the payment of the 5-20 United States
Bonds in coin ; that the bonds are not to be called
in at the expiration of the five year term from their
dates of issue, and that Congress will not be asked
to make further issues of legal tender. These
statements are in reply to General Butler, to Mr.
Pendleton, and other agitators, but the only reply
that will really meet the circumstances is an
act of Congress finally settling the question.
G. W. Belding, of the firm of Messrs. Belding,
Keith, and Co., 60, Lombard-street, London,
now in New York, has written to the editor of
the Wall-street Journal, calling attention to the in-
jury the discussion will do to the 5-20 Bonds in the
markets of Europe. He states that he has been
constantly advised that whatever may be the doubts
as to the redemption of the 1862 issue in gold
there can be none as to that of 1865, it being
fully and expressly provided for in the act. Mr.
Belding supposes that the question is one
to be settled by lawyers and judges, but in
tkis we believe he is in error. Either all will
be paid in gold or none, for whatever mistake the
nation may make they aro not likely to commit the
folly of making two bites of a cherry. If the stigma
of repudiation i 3 to attach to the United States it
will be purchased by no partial measure. It is said
' that the East will always be opposed to any paring
of the National Debt, as three-fourths of it are
held in these States; but the West would in truth
be the greater losers, for it is the West that more
especially invites the capital of Europe, and would
most benefit by its introduction ; and we maintain,
and always have maintained, that any failure of the
1 Government fully to meet its engagements would

annihilate confidence, and effectually bar the flow
of capital, however tempting the prospect of gain.
William C. Sturoc, of Sunapee, a prominent
lawyer, has lately been brought before the Supreme Court
at Newport, New Hampshire, for having written an article
in a local newspaper to influence (as alleged) the juror in
a pending case. Judge Bellows interrupted Mr. Sturoc
when he commenced his argument in his defence by re-
ferring the case to the full bench.
A seduction case tried at Troy, New York, had
so curious a result that it is worth telling. James B.
Hoyt was prosecuted for seducing Sarah M. Low under
promise of marriage. The case came on on Monday, the
23d ult., and ended on Wednesday, the 25th. A witness
for the defence endeavoured to establish the unchaste
character of the girl, but signally failed, when Mr. Hoyt
found himself in a bad way. In this dilemma he took the
bull by the horns, through his counsel offering marriage.
Miss Low accepted the offer notwithstanding the opposi-
tion of her friends, and then and there the slippery young
gentleman had the nuptial knot tied by the Rev. Dr. Bald-
win. We hops 3lrs. Hoyt may have no cause hereafter to
regret her confidence.
Mrs. Sumner, the wife of the celebrated Senator,
has left for Europe, her husband remaining in America.
Governor sl'Cormick of Arizona delivered his
annual message to the Legislature, September 9. It is
mostly occupied with a discussion of the Indian troubles.
The Governor thinks that the territory should be made a
separate military department, calls for more troops,
aunrgde s
employingthe necessitysufficient force to keep them there in
of putting the Indians on reservations,
peace. Good machinery is needed for the development of
the mineral wealth of the territory. The public indebted-
ness is 628,375 in currency. The agricultural prospects
are excellent.
Ash White, Secretary to the Indian Peace Com-
mission, arrived at Washington, September 25, from North
Platte, Nebraska.
Professor Hopkins, of Williams College, Massa-
chusetts, has given the College Scientific Club a beautiful
tract of land for a college park. His son, Col. Archibald
Hopkins, has resigned his position in Virginia and returned
to Williamstown. .

Senator Pomeroy, ex-Governor Robinson, Eliza-
bethconvention at Lawrence, Kansas, on the 25th ult., when
Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony, addressed a mass
resolutions wore passed to support the temperance law and
female suffrage.
Mr. Cleaver, the new delegate to Congress from
New Mexico, has been elected on local issues.
General Rousseau and Mr. Dodge, revenue col-
lector, Alaska, have reached San Francisco, and wore about
to proceed to Sitka.
S. B. Axtell, member of Congress elect, from the
San Francisco district, is on his way to New York.
William J. Kirtley, the billiard marker at the
Union Hotel, Saratoga, who shot J. Theodore Jones, the
Hudson (Now Jersey) gaol keeper, has been convicted of
manslaughter in the second degree, and sentenced to im-
prisonment.
Judge Grant and four lawyers of Nashville,
Tennessee, have given an opinion that the city elections
ought to be held under the provisions of the City Charter,
and the Conservative party intend to try this question in
the courts against Governor Brownlow.
Governor Brownlow is now ambitious of repre-
senting Tennessee in the United States Senate. If he
succeeds Mr. Do Witt Sauter will act as Governor, and
the state be relieved from the dread kept alive by the fire-
brand. Brownlow's tears will be more subdued in that
august assembly than when screaming in tire wilds of
Tennessee.
United States Marshal Goodloe edits the Raleigh
Register, which leads the wing of the North Carolina
Union party that may be termed Conservative Republican.
The Radical wing is led by ex-Governor Holden, and
advocates confiscation and a more general disfranchise-
ment.

The death of S. B. Colby, Register of the Trea-
sury, has left the office open, and brought in crowds of
applicants. Colonel John A. Graham, the assistant, will
act as Register until the appointment of a successor.
Complete returns of the Calfornia vote for Go-
vernor foot up 92,108, of which Haight, Democrat, re-
ceived 49,856 ; Gorham, regular Republican, 40,252 ; and
Fay, Independent, 2,000. Ifaight's majority over Gorham
is 9,604, but the average Democratic majority is scarcely
more than lu.lf this figure.
Senator Sumner ihust be making a big thing of
his small talk if the 11cu, York. Citizen is correctly Mforined.

That paper says that he has 29 engagements to lecture in
the West at $2OO each, which he will complete before the
meeting of Congress in November. We are not surprised
that he remained in America while his wife went on to
Europe.

Captain Robert H. Whyman, commanding the
United States war vessel Ticonderoga, arrived at South-
ampton on Monday morning.

A proclamation has been issued by Acting
Governor E. E. Smith, of Montana Territory, offering a
reward of $l,OOO fox the recovery of tho body of the late
Governor Meagher.

An apparatus, invented and patented by Mr. J.
H. White, of San Francisco, for using petroleum for steam
purposes, has proved successful. Whether it be better
than the inventions already patented in the Eastern States
remains to be proved.

Senator Roscoe Conkling presided over the New
York Republican State Convention at Syracuse on the
25th ult. The following State officers were nominated :
For Secretary of State, General M‘liean, of Saratoga ; for
Comptroller, Calvin T. Rulburd, of St. Lawrence; for
State Treasurer, General T. C. Gates, of Ulster; for At-
tornoy-Goneral, Judge Van Cott, of Brooklyn ; for State

Engineer, A. C. Powell, of Onondaga ; for Canal Com-
missioner, John W. Hammond, Alleghany. The Senator
spoke in support of Mr. Stanton, and demanded the impeach-
ment of the President. The Convention praise Congress,
support Stanton, denounce the removal of Sickles and
Sheridan, indorso Governor Fenton (who was elected for
two years), and give the following as the watchwords of
the party : —National reconstruction through liberty and
justice ; State repose through integrity and industry.

Governor Brownlow, of Tennessee, had 74,484
votes against 22,550 for Etheridge, giving him a majority
of 51,934.

James G. Brady has brought a suit against Major
Hoffman, the Comptroller, City Chamberlain, and other
officers,, in the New York Court, for defrauding the city
by contracts in connection with the street department.

The special correspondent of the New York Citi-
zen at Albany, writing Sept. 19,1867, says :—" The Con-
vention has been favoured with an influx of distinguished
visitors this week. Governor Curtin spent a few days in
the city, and was upon the floor several times. Lord
Camperdown—a pleasant, courtly young gentleman of
about 25 years of age, and who is counted as one of the
Liberals—was the guest of some of the delegates yester-
day. To-day the Earl of Morley, a member of the House
of Lords, and Mr. Cooper, a stepson of Lord Palmerston
and a member of the House of Commons—both of them
young men—were interested observers of the slowest pos-
sible way to make a new Constitution. Doubtless they
appreciated the beneflts'of a written instrument over the
unwritten constitution of their kingdom."

General Dwight Dorris, who distinguished him-
self as the leader of a fighting brigade during the Ameri-
can war, has returned from his visit to the United States,
and resumed his duties as Consul at Havre.

General Garfield and wife are now in Paris.
General Garfield, who is a leading member of Congress,
and a member of the important Committee of Ways and
Means, Was, a distinguished soldier of the war for the
Union.

Senator Doolittle, of Wisconsin, left for New
York by the Ville de Paris on the 12th inst. His colleague,
Senator Bowe, is now in Germany, and will not return to
America before December.

We learn from a gentleman who has been fa-
voured with the perusal of letters from Senator Morrill, of
Vermont, Hone. E. B. Washburn°, J. G. Blaine, and ex-
Governor Curtin, addressed to M. Gibbs, Esq., of Paris,
that they have all reaohed home safely. Messrs. Wash-
borne, Blaine, and Curtin, who visited Europe for the re-
covery of their health, state that they have received groat
benefit from the journey.

Deputy Commissioner Messmore, of New York,
has been removed by Secretary M'Culloch. Colonel
Messmore was involved, it is alleged, in the fraudulent
transactions of the Kentucky Bourbon Whisky Company,
of which his brother was treasurer.

Paul Bagley continues his efforts to procure the
pardon of Jefferson Davis. In a Montreal paper he gives
a long conversation ho had with Johnson on the subject.
He maintains that the South is kept embittered by Mr.
Davis's troubles, though the South do not seem to respond
to Mr. Bagley's assertion, if the difficulties he has described
be true as arising from his want of funds while travelling
on this business.

The Hon. Henry Howard, attaché of the British
Legation at Washington, was married, on the 2d instant,
to Cecilia, only daughter of the wealthy blinker, George
W. Riggs, of Washington. Mr. Howard is son of her
Majesty's Minister at Munich.
Thomas W. Sweeny, lately Fenian Secretary of
War, after being restored to his rank in the Federal service,
has been suspended from his duty and command for six
months, by sentence of a court-martial for misappropriation
of public fundb and property. The sentence adds a
severe reprimand in general orders.
The bodies of the assassin Booth and the other
conspirators have been exhumed and buried outside the
prison walls, all tho coffins being placed in one tronch.
Booth's body had been laid at midnight under the brick
flooring of a warn-room of a penitentiary in an ammuni-
tion box, under the personal supervision of Secretary
Stanton, who boarded up the windows of the room,
locked the doors, and kept the key, and it has lain there
till thus removed.

The Rev. Edward Dunbar, a Baptist minister,
has been arrested at Minneapolis, Minnesota, on a charge
of bigamy.

Henry Hart, of New York, has been bailed for
$40,000, and his property attached to the value of $400,000,
on a charge of defrauding the revenue to the extent of
$200,000.
The Hon. John Hilliard Cameron will probably
be President of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada at
the ensuing Parliament, which is to meet at Ottawa early
in November ; and the Hon. John Rose, Speaker of the
House of Representatives. Newfoundland seeks admission

to the Dominion, as also does the Hudson Bay Territory.
Chief Justice Chase, the civilian nominated for
the Presidency, in a late article of the London Times is
the most prominent convert to the cause of woman suf-
frage. Ho holds that the day is near when the franchise
will be as free to women as to men.
Colonel Noah L. Jeffries, of Maryland, has been
appointed registrar of the Treasury, vice Colby, de-
ceased.

Jesse L. Williams, of Indiana, Timothy Carter,
of Illinois, James S. Rollins, of Mississippi, and George
Ashmun, of Massachusetts, aro appointed Government
directors of the Pacific Railroad.
The only daughter of "Spotted Tail," the
celebrated Indian chief, is "finishing her education" at
Omaha. She is learning to sing Italian and play the
piano.

DR. A. EATON, a half brother of President
Lincoln, dropped dead at Mumfordsville, Kentucky, on
the 20th ult., while mixing medicine for a patient.

Captain Fritz, of California, has left a bequest

of $20,000 towards tho payment of the national debt of
the United States in these words :—"I have an undenying

attachment to this Government of ours ; it is the best one
that man was ever permitted to onjoy ; under its protec-
tion and favour I have been greatly blessed in my life;
and as I am too old to give service in tho field to defend
and protect it and put down the rebellion, I fuel it a duty
to do something towards paying the expenses incurrod in
that solemn duty and holy privilege." _ _ _

A Halifax paper says that an enterprising trades-
man in the town has attracted considerable notice to an

assortment of revolvers exhibited in his window, owing
to his having a printed card directing attention to the
weapons in these terms—" Suitable for the Fenian sea-
son."

Hon. Calvin Willard, one of the oldest citizens
of Worcester, Massachusetts, and for twenty years high
sheriff of the county, has died in an apoplectic fit.

Stoddard B. Colby, Register of the Treasury,
died at Haverhill, New Hampshire. He was a lawyer, and
earned a lucrative practice in Vermont. In 1854 he was
Democratic candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of that
State. He succeeded Ur. Chittendon in the Treasury
in 1864.

The sermon on the death of President Day, of
Yale College, was preached in the chapel on the 24th ult.,
by Professor Woolsey. His will has been admitted to
probate, and his estate is valued at only $25,000. Five
hundred dollars is given to his son-in-law, Rev Thomas
K. Beecher, and $2OO to each of his grandchildren. The
remainder goes to his son, Sherman Day, and his daugh-
ter, Elizabeth Thatcher, to be divided equally.
11. M. Chadwick, member of the last Legislature
of Connecticut, died suddenly at Salem on the IGth Sep-
tember.
William 11. Bartlett, Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of New Hampshire, died at Concord on the
24:h of September, of consumption, aged 40. He was a
brother of Professor Bartlett, of Chicago Theological Se-
minary.
On the 14th inst., at Glasgow, suddenly, John
A. Dunlop, Esq., of Louisville, Kentucky, United States.
Friends will please accept of this intimation.
On the 7th inst., at Bow, Richard Drew Rankin,
in the 73d year of his age. American papers, please copy.
Thomas E. Noell, member of Congress, from the
third Missouri district, died at St. Louis, on Thurday
morning, October 3, after a long illness.
On the 22d Sept., at Glasgow, William E. A.
Macintosh, Esq., of the firm of Messrs. Duncan, Sherman,
and Co., of New York, aged 37.
The Democrat Convention met at Worcester on
the Ist inst., and nominated the following gentlemen for
the State officers of Massachusetts : —Young John
Quincy Adams, of Quincy, for governor; George M.
Stearns, of Chicopee, for lieutenant-governor; Charles
Brimblecomb, of Barre, for secretary of State; Harvey
Arnold, of Adams, for treasurer; Arthur F. Devereaux,
of Roxbury, for auditor; and William C. Endicott, of
ittlein, for attorney-general.
1 There is an article iu liaser this mouth iu which

a lady gives her "First Impressions of America." Every-
thing to her is so funny, so wild, se new and strange ; then
she luxuriates in such sensations, such mud, such streets,
such thoroughly French-looking, and such un-English
dainty, fantastically dressed, sweet delicate, refined little
ladies. The writer differs so widely, however, from Hep-
worth Dixon on one point, on which she, as a lady, ought to
be judge, that we quote the passage :—" Anything so in-
tensely polite as the Americans I never saw. Their polite-
ness seems ingrained and natural with the lowest people.
Talk of the French ! I never was among a nation who
were not bears in comparison with these. You always get
a civil, amiable answer. They all do all they can for you ;
and as to a lady she is a perfect queen. Old or ugly,
gentle or simple, men leave their seats in the street cars
for them, and I believe one might have anything she
liked." What becomes of Mr. Dixon's theory that polite-
ness is born of the Exist, and the further the traveller pro-
ceeds West, the greater is the distance he leaves it behind ?
Mr. John Mitchell was to issue the first number
of his new paper, the Irish Citizen, on the 12th inst. The
price will be $3 per annum, and the office 31, Barclay-
street, New York.

Brigadier-General Guy V. Henry is preparing a
history of the services of civilians transferred during the
war into the regular army.

Mr. Leslie, the well-known proprietor of the

illustrated paper that bears his name, has returned to New
York from his official visit to Paris as United States Com-
missioner to the Exhibition. Ho was chairman of the
Fine Arts Committee, and his report, which is thought will
bo very valuable, will bo presented to Congress soon after

it meets.
A split has occurred between the proprietors of
the New York Evening Gazette, resulting in Mr. Ahern be-
coming the sole owner, and Mr. Sweetzer publishing a pre-
cisely similar paper called the Evening Mail, which appears
to have met with unexpected and gratifying success.
Charles Dickens writes to a friend in Boston :
"I notice that about once in every seven years I become
the victim of a paragraph disease. It breaks out in Eng-
land, travels to India by the o7erland route, gets to Ame-
rica per Cunard line, strikes the base of the Rocky
Mountains, and, rebounding back to Europe, mostly
perishes on the steppes of Russia from inattention and
extreme cold." He will commence his " Readings" in
America the first week in December.

The Rev. Newman Hall, of Surrey Chapel, Lon-
don, is lecturing in America. .
The Pall Mall Gazette reviews Critical and
Social Essays reprinted from the New York Nation, in a
favourable strain. The Nation, the writer considers, has
done much to show "that American journalism may
attain a far higher level than that to which we have been
hitherto accustomed. It is written by men of ability for
a cultivated audience, and is free from these appeals to
popular ignorance and prejudice which defaoo the pages of
most of its contemporaries." "The subjects of some of the
essays may be inferred from their titles, e.g., ' Critics and
Criticism,' Clergymen's Salaries,' Popularizing Science,'
The Good Old Times,' Waste," Dress and its Critics,'
the ' Social Influence of the National Debt,' American
Reputations in England,' &c. &c. At the same time that
the critic gives a meed of praise, he adds that these
essays aro far from equal in polish and brilliancy
of expression to the better writing of the paper
which it has taken for its model, the Saturday Review.
The essay selected for comment by the Pall 3/all is one
entitled, " Why have we no Saturday Reviews?" The
Nation gives two reasons, "First, that there is nobody to
read the papers ; and, secondly, that there is nobody to
write them." Tho critic says this must not ba taken too
literally. "There ale many educated people in America
who are capable of enjoying a high class of literature,
but they aro spread over a far wider area, and there
is no literary metropolis with a concentration of intellec-
tual activity. One mode in which this works is not at
first sight obvious, and the remarks of the Nation upon it
would probably require some correction. The Saturday
Review, it says, receives a largo revenue from advertise-
ments, although its circulation is such as in America would
be considered very small. In America, on the other
hand, advertisements are only paid for in proportion to the
circulation of the paper. The reason is that it is worth
while in England to pay highly for a chance of reaching
the eyes of a class which, though comparatively small, is at
once cultivated and wealthy. A journal of a similar kind
in America would be a bad place for advertising, because
all traders in a country where society is democratic
depend rather upon extensive sales at a low price
than upon few sales at high prices ; and because,
moreover, the cultivated class which such a paper would
roach is by no means the richest class. Hence, if the
American paper were to put upon its advertisements a price
such as the Saturday Review can command it would either
be laughed at or have to receive them as a great favour,
probably accompanied by a request for a supplementary
puff in the weekly columns, such as religious weeklies
afford to good customers.' " But though the Nation is un-
doubtedly right in its assertion that the circulation of
the Saturday Review and Spectator together in the
United States does not equal 500 copies, this is no
conclusive proof that the style of literature is not enjoyed.
Sound reasoning beautifully expressed may be attractive,
but the subjects must interest to secure buyers. If the
Saturday Review was written in New York, and therefore
mainly on American topics, embodying American ideas, its
circulation would, we feel sure, be far larger than its cir-
culation in England. The success of the Nation, and,
still more, the success of a paper to which there is a
closer resemblance, the Round Table, proves this. Another
either has or is about to be started, when New York will
be fairly supplied by these literary journals. Taste in
America is rapidly improving. Naturally the people are
more refined than in England. What they require to
develops a high order of art, of science, and of writers, is
leisure. This they do not allow themselves, indeed it is
opposed to the habits engendered in a new country, but the
Eastern States are growing old with a rapidity the English
mind can scarcely realise. We give the concluding remarks
of the writer :—" The existence of the Nation itself seems to
prove that it is possible for a journal of a really high class to
thrive very satisfactorily in New York. The remaining
essays in this volume, which we have not space to exa-
mine in more detail, show abundant common sense and
sound principle, expressed in excellent English. If they
are not polished quite up to the Saturday Review pitch, they
are nevertheless very good reading of the kind, and much
in advance of anything that we have seen in other Ame-
rican papers. We sincerely wish that the Nation may go
on and prosper, and that its example may result in raising
the standard of American journalism."

7HE BISHOP OF SALFORD ON

FENIANIS3L

The following pastoral, by the Rev. Dr. Turner,
Bishop of Salford, was read on Sunday in all the
churches and chapels of the diocese of Salford :
To our Brethren the Clergy and Laity of the Diocese
of Salford. Health and Benediction in the Lord.
Under the present aspect of affairs we think that
we ought to address a few words of counsel to you.

For many years we have had to lament the
lawless spirit of disobedience, insubordination, and
independence which is spreading through Europe.
Many of the nations on the continent have been
overturned. Established forms of government hare
been destroyed. Treachery and treason have been
encouraged in states, by neighbouring nations for
their own advantage. National honour and inter-
national law have been disregarded. The press of
Europe has advocated the legitimacy of revolution
as a theory, in opposition to the teaching of the
apostle, and the disobedient and the malcontent of
the different countries have avowedly constituted
themselves a revolutionary party, or " party of
action."

In order to promote these objects, societies have
been formed, in plan and design like those which
constituted the anti-Christian and anti-social con-
spiracy of the close of last century, whose work
was accomplished when religion was overturned
and Europe was deluged with blood. These societies
are instituted in various countries, they have but
one primary object, though their immediate display
and action may bo different, according to place.
Unhappily, the press and many of the people of
our own country have aided and abetted in all
these movements. Money has been subscribed to
aid the rebellious and revolutionary arms abroad,
to the overthrow of friendly states, and our fellow
countrymen have encouraged rebels in other lands
to revolt against their legitimate governments.
The sacredness of authority, the duty of obedience,
and the scriptural Christian idea of loyalty, have
been ridiculed in the public prints. The persons
and actions of those in authority have been tra-
duced, that they might be made odious in the
popular mind. The sacred character of the Sove-
reign Pontiff and the acts of his government have
been the especial objects of this revolutionary
odium. IV ithin the last few weeks, in this country,
and even iu this neighbourhood, it is known that
large sums of money have been subscribed to
enable the lawless faction in Italy to invade his
remaining states, to overturn his Government, and
spread anarchy amongst his contented subjects.
An evil principle advanced and accepted does
not rest there. It developer and applies itself to
every place and case. Hence, it will not appear
strange to a reflecting mind, that people in this
country, thus constantly indoctrinated in these
tenets of lawless insubordination and contempt of
authority, should, under any grievance, imaginary
or real, have recourse to this teaching for their
rule, and that the revelations which have been

made by the Trades' Union Commission, as also
the deplorable deed which is now under magisterial
investigation in Manchester, have been the result.

The latter iains us especially as having happened
in our own neighbourhood, and within the limits
of the spiritual jurisdiction assigned to us. It pains

us because it is the result of those false and anti-
Catholic principles which we !deplore, and which
have been applied to the supposed interests of a
Catholic land, whose long-borne sufferings are
now winning the sympathy of the world ; sufferings
which can never be alleviated by lawless and
sinful deeds.

The sufferings and wrongs of Ireland are indeed
many and great. The church and religion of her
people, so dear to them, long proscribed ; another
church and religion attempted to be forced upon
them ; the majority, who are poor, left to sup-
port their own religion, and compelled to pay also
for the new religion of the wealthy few, receiving in
return only mockery and hostility to their own-
A necessary consequence of this is, a fear lest
the paying Catholic tenant should gain a power
in the country which would enable him to resist
legitimately the religious impost laid upon him for
the benefit of his landlord. Hence again, that
want of fixity of tenure and protection of interest
in his holding of which the tenant complains, and
that absence of sympathy for him which is called
" public opinion," and which in England consti-
tutes so great a check on private oppression and

legitimatised severity. Education forms the sub-
ject of another wrong. It was long forbidden to
the nation, and even now its advantages of rank,
its honours and emoluments, are denied to the
middle and upper classes of the Catholics, unless
they be accompanied by a wound of conscience
and a disrespect to their own religion. Add to
these the popular grievance arising from the causes
which compel such an unprecedented abandonment
of home, a decrease in their populations of two
millions of inhabitants in ten years, and then no
one can be surprised that such a condition of affairs
should produce wide dissatisfaction in Ireland. Still

it can never justify such deeds or courses as those
which we deplore. Widespread as that dissatis-
faction is in Ireland, yet so upright are her people
in their native land, that in no other part of Her
Majesty's dominions do we read of assizes without
a single case of crime for trial. It is to be lamented
that the adoption by some of these new and irre-
ligious theories, so popular here, and their appli-
cation to this case should have led to so great a
crime.

For your part, our beloved clergy, you have
only one duty in this matter, namely, to continue
to teach your flock obedience to the law of God, as
laid down by the Apostle St. Paul in days of per-
secution and affliction. " Let every soul be sub-
ject to higher powers ; for there is no power bLt
from. God; and those that are, are ordained of
God."—Rom. xiii., 1. This doctrine of obedience,
however unpopular it may be in these days, is that
of the religion of Jesus Christ, who became obe-
dient for us. Continue to teach your flock their
duties in society and to society. Impress upon
them the sinfulness of belonging to any of those
secret and illegal associations which are bound by
oaths. They are condemned by the Catholic
Church. They have been especially condemned
by his present Holiness, and, as you and your
flock know, the " faculties " by which you receive
your jurisdiction do not allow you to minister the
sacraments to those who obstinately adhere to them.
Whenever it may happen that your exhortation or
advice so fail that you are obliged to refuse the
sacraments,—have recourse to Almighty God in
prayer for those misled men, that he may arouse
them to a sense of the sin in which they are en-
gaged. Teach them to pursue a legitimate objects
the redress of wrongs, the attainment of political
rights or the increase of political privileges, by
legitimate means, and even when hopes long de-
ferred sicken and weary the heart, still to commit
their cause to the care of Heaven, and to remem-
ber that " here is the patience of the saints who
keep the commandments of God and the faith of
Jesus."—Apoc. xiv., 12.
" The Grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the
charity of God, and the communion of the Holy
Ghost, be with you all. Amen." 2 Cor. xiii., 13.
014 WILLIAm, Bishop of Salford.
Bishop's House, 3rd October, 1867.