The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-23 00:00:00

211 E NAVY.

The Emerald, 5: sotto', Capt. A. Cumming,
arrived at Spithead at 9 'a.m. yesterday, under can-
vas, float the Scheldt.
The Firebrand, b, paddic, Limet, M.
Bruce, and her Majesty's Itoyal screw yacht Fairy,
Commander the Prince Leiningen, both arrived at
Spithead from the Scheldt during the previous
night. The Fairy afterwards steamed into harbour,
The Biter gunboat, tender to the Colossus, 80,
screw, arrived at Portsmouth yesterday from the
westward.
The Herefordshire, from the Thames for Ceylon,
is hourly expected in at Spithead, to embark A de-
tachment of the 50th Regiment to join headtuar_
ters in India.

The Immortalite, 51, screw, has unshipped her
Maudalay's propeller in the steam basin at Ports-
moh, and' shipped her Admiralty propeller as her
working one. The Meadslay will be stowed below
as her spare screw.

The Prince of Wales, 131, screw, in the steam
basin at Portsmouth, yesterday unshipped her
Maudslay's propeller, and shipped her Griffiths's, for
her trial trip, which, according to present arrange-
ments, will come off on the 30th inst.

- - ---
The Royal paddle yacht Elfin, has been placed in
dock at Portsmouth to clean and examine cop-
per, &c.

The control of the police constables in the Devon-
port dockyard was transferred yesterday (Monday)
to the metropolitan force, under the superinten-
dence of Mr. Bray. The number of constables
from London is 34, and the number of the former
force (Admiralty) 'retained, is about 30. Various
new regulations will be adopted ; among others it
is stated that all seamen belonging to ships of war
in Plymouth Sound will hereafter be landed at the
Royal William victualling yard, and those from
ships in ordinary and otherwise in Hamoaze at the
Devonport dockyard. The men will be liable,
when passing:out through the gates, to hi examined
by the police.

The defects of the paddlewheel steam sloop Gey-
ser, 6, Commander Jacksonl having been made good
at Devonport, she steamed yesterday (Monday)
from Hamoaze into Plymouth Sound.
The war department screw steamvessel Lord
Panmure, H. T. Moore, master, from Woolwich,
arrived yesterday in Plymouth Sound, and went to
the gunwharf in Hamoaze, where she will discharge
her cargo, which includes 340 boxes of Armstrong
shot, 3,427 Armstrong shells, 4,000 6-pounder shot,
2,000 4-barrels and 300 I-barrels of powder and
ammunition, 40 chests of arms, and various other
military stores for coast defence purposes.
The iron screw steam storeship Industry, G.
Hodges, Master, from Woolwich, arrived yesterday
(Monday) at Plymouth, and went alongside the
harbour coal depot in Hamoaze.
The gunboat Redwing, tender to the gunnery
ship Cambridge, went from Hamoaze yesterday
(Monday) into Plymouth Sound for shot practice.
The crew of the Indus, 72, Capt. Key, in Hamo-
aze, Plymouth, was turned over yesterday from the
berthing-hulk.

The screw steam gun-vessel Foxhound, 4, Com-
mader Alfred Mitchell, from Portsmouth, arrived
yesterday (Monday) at Plymouth, on the way for
the Mediterranean, and went alongside the coal
depot Lavinia in the Sound.

The screw steam frigate Narcissus, 51, fitting at
Plymouth for a flagship, is to have a poop and
suitable cabins, and be prepared for the first divi-
sion of the Steam Ordinary.

The following appointments were made yester-
day at the Admiralty :—Lieut. Arthur Salwey, to
the Donegal ; Lieut. Richard Chambers, to the
Southampton; Lieut. George R. Bell, to the
Hawke ; John C. Solfleet, Master, additional to
the Indus ; Caesar H. Hawkins, H. E.M. Dolben,
W. G. P. O'Callaghan, Midshipmen, to the Mi-
randa ; A. W. Benyon and F. M. S. Osborn, Mid-
shipmen, to the Bacchante, for disposal; R. P.W.
Powney and F. J. Easther, Midshipmen, to the
Forte, for disposal ; Bouverie F. Clarke, Midship-
man, to the Ariel ; John Andrews (b), Surgeon, to
the Valorous ; Edward H. Cree, Surgeon, to the
Orion ; Selwyn S. Sugden, Second Master, to the
Quail ; James G. G. Dunn, Chief Engineer, to the
Desperate ; Henry A. Henri and Hugh Duncan,
second class Assist. Engineers, to the Desperate ;
James Daly, third class Assist. Engineer, to the
Desperate; and Frederick Holden, acting third
class Assist. Engineer, to the Desperate.

THE ARMY.

In consequence of the construction for the de-
fences of Milford Haven now in progress the officers
of the Royal Engineers mustered unusually strong
in that district, and are stationed as follows :
Pembroke Dock—Col. E. T. Forde, commanding
Royal Engineers ; Capt, R. D. Kerr ; Lieuts. Sal-
mond and Bolland, with Capt. C. G. M'Kenzie, 28th
Regiment, acting engineer. Hubberston Fort—
Lieut. E. T. Brooke. Popton Point Fort—Lieut.
C. Woodward. Stack Rock—Lieut. J. C. Ardagh.
Yesterday a general order was promulgated at
the Chatham division of Royal Marine Light In--
' fantry, appointing the following officers, who have
just received commissions in the corps, to the divi-
sions named :—Second Lieuts. H. J. Lawrence, to
the Portsmouth division ; S. H. B. Northcote, to
the Portsmouth ; T. D. Broughton, to the Ports-
mouth; J. E. M'Neale, to the Woolwich; J. N.
Harrison, to the Plymouth; J. L. Buccale, to the
Portsmouth ; C. W. Barham, to the Plymouth S.
R. Lewis, to the Chatham ; L. S. Richard, to the
Woolwich ; and W. H. M'lllwaine, to the Plymouth.
Second Lieut. Kinman, of the Plymouth division
of Royal Marine Light Infantry, was yesterday
promoted to First Lieut., and appointed to the
Woolwich division, vice Lieut. Woodriff, placed on
half-pay.
The whole of the available troops in garrison
belonging to the brigades of Royal Artillery at
Woolwich were yesterday drawn up on parade to
witness the presentation of medals and gratuities
awarded for long and meritorious service to Ser-
geant-Major Nelson, Bombardier Cuper, and Gunner
Al‘bonald, on Staff and Provost duty, and attached
to the depot at Woolwich. In presenting the
medals, each of which entails a claim for £5 and ,
ir
Pwards, General Dacres, commanding the garri-
son, informed the recipients that he felt a special
gratification in awarding them the honours, as they
were men with whose individual merits he had been
_long acquainted, and he hoped that in thus publicly
rewarding them their example would be an incite- '
Merit for others.
Capt. H mercees
gade Royal
Attwe . 3 Field Battery 4th Bri-
rs'g.unfullys equipped with 12.
pounder Armstron
Zealand,as
under orders for New yesterday placed
an intimation
that their departure from head-
will take place towards the lattequarter; Woolwich,
Pre: end of November.
T attached to the
Capt. J. Lyons, R.A., at
mt.-intender-A of
School of Gunnery, as Assistante-
Experiments, ties been appointe?
Royal
Highness the Commander-in-Chief to his
poefetor of
ointmennts
.A. Noble as Assistant to Col. Tulloh,suree4 C4l3t.
Artillery at Woolwich, the app
Noble on the Staff baying been cancenea ,t h CaPt•
i
request. Capt. Noble does not immediatelyrsel.'"g
his commission in the Royal Artillery, having .ob-
tained three months' leave of absence from his regi-
mental duties, after which, in the event of his colt-'
teraplated connection with the firm of Sir William
Armstrong and Co. beingcarried out, he will solicit
her Majesty's acceptance of his resignation in the

.army.
The 15th Brigade of Royal Artillery, stationed
in the forts on the western side of Portsfaouth har-

bow-, were yesterday officially inspected by Major-
Gen. Lord W. Paulet, C.B. His lordship was
accompanied by Col. Hugh Dunlop, R. A., C. 8.,
comma:nding the Royal Artillery in the South-
Western •district ; Col. Somerset, C. 8., Deputy-
Qua rterroatter-Genek 09 Col. Thackwell, Deputy-
Adjutant-Gen.; and ex:pt. Milligan, Aide-de-Cutup.

SatTli KEN SINGTON MU ,lETT ending Oct. 20, 1860, the visitor. Itave been as follows :-
3f.--During the week
en Monday, Tue6day, and Saturday, free days, 3,0,1 ; on
Nonday atld Tuevclay, free evenings, ;5,703 ; on the three
attidents'
aa3'(444lnission to the public 6a.) 1,280 ; one
Btm lents' evening, Wednesday, 195 total, 8,t332, From
the, opening of the Muiseurn, 1,7112,879.

GA.RIBALDPS EXPEDITION.

(Ron ths knoics3 Correspondent oj t 10,;. Times.)
- SANTA MARIA, OCT. 16.

Things are here approaching fast towards a solu-
tion. It Is, one may say, a qUeStiol3 of days, While
here to the south Garibaldi's fordo have formed a
barrier which, after the experience of a fortnight
ago, the Neapolitans will scarcely attempt to break
their heads against, the Piedmontese, approaching
from east and north, are drawing together the iron
circle out of which there is no outlet. One column
had already, two days ago, passed Foggia on its way
to Benevento and the Upper Volturno; it has landed
at Manfredonia, and is making its way through the
plains of the Capitanata. The other, under the
personal command of the King himself, has landed
at Giulia, and has pushed forward to Pescara,
whence a branch leads into the main road from the
north through the Abruzzi into the rear of Capua.
Victor Emmanuel was to have entered his tew
kingdom yesterday.
As for the Piedmontese troops landed at Naples,
they have already taken up their position in line.
One battalion has already, some days ago, been sent
to Aversa. Yesterday a battalion of Bersaglieri,
the same which took part in, the affair at
Caserta on the 2d, and two battalions of the Ist and
two battalions of the 2d Regiment, came up to
Santa Maria, and thence marched to St. Angelo, to
relieve a part of the Medici and Turr Divisions,
which had been on duty there ever since the Ist.
The Bixio Division came to relieve the rest of the
Turr Division at Santa Maria, where they have
had similar outpost duty since the battle of the Ist
inst.

It was high time, for this fatiguing service, in
the heavy autumnal rains, with the cold winds, the
heavy dews, and chilly mornings, was fast thinning
the ranks. For the most pot in the open air, or
with but indifferent huts, constructed of branches
and straw, without camp fires at night, and with
continual alarms, it was a wonder that these young
volunteers could resist as they did.

While there were projects of an immediate of-
fensive the holding of the same lines was quite
easy, and when the first troops went up to the po-
sition on the Volturno there never was any thought
of field-works, barricades, &c. ; a few hundred men
thought themselves quite sufficient for any emer-
gency. But now that Garibaldi has given up offen-
sive operations, and is waiting the arrival of the
King and his army, ideas have changed. Every
one is more intent on the political than on the
military solution, which latter is easy enough if
the former is once accomplished.
The last doubts in this respect which sceptieal
and ill-willed persons may have still entertained
must vanish before the frank declaration which
Garibaldi signed yesterday at Caserta. It is as
follows :

" ITALY AND VICTOR EMALAN UEL

To satisfy a wish cherished by the whole nation I, the
Dictator, decree as follows :
" The Two Sicilies, which have been redeemed by Italian
blood, and which have freely elected me their Dictator,
form an integral part of one and indivisible Italy under her
constitutional King,Victor Emmanuel, and his descendants
" On the arrival of the King I will depose in his hands
the dictatorship conferred upon me by the nation.
" The Pro-Dictators are charged with the execution of
the present decree.
" Caserta, Oct. 15. G. GARIBALDI."
After this decree both parties which have been
vioing with each other to destroy Garibaldi will see
that there is an end to their calculations. His ene-
miet will feel that in spite of all intrigues and in-
gra;titude he rises higher than ever at the moment
they thought of crushing him, and his false friends
will likewise understand that his noble nature will
always find out the right way, in spite of the abuse
which is made of the sacred name of friendship to
lead him where their personal interests wish him
to go,. Indeed this time they fell into their own
snare, for the decree which I send you has been ac-
celerated by their last effort to divert Garibaldi
from the right path.
You will have heard of the late Ministerial crisis
from your Naples correspondent, but there are
some circumstances, perhaps, better known at
Caserta head-quarters than at Naples, so I mention
them in case you should not have heard them,
The decree ordering the plebiscite for the 21st was
published, and all seemed smooth, but the adverse
party had not given up hope, and began an out-
door and indoor agitation to start the idea of a
National Assembly, which should give away the
Two Sicilies with some restrictions.
Party spirit ran high, and both sides tried to do
their best to produce disorder and confusion by ill-
timed demonstrations, which were threatening to
become more and more envenomed. Fortunately a
few days before General Turr, who had to leave the
eainp for ill-health, had been named commander
of ;the province and town of Naples, and was there
to :keep things in order, which he did with great
sk ill.

The Pro-Dictator Pallavicini and the Ministry,
seising this attempt, declared that they would re-
siwn. A council was ordered, to which Garibaldi
came up from Caserta. Crispi, Cataneo, and their
followers explained their views tolerably plausibly,
starting from high political principles, constitu-
tional maxims, &c. The politicians of the other
side had less eloquence and oratorical skill, and
would probably have been beaten in this trial, had
mot General Turr, who had likewise been summoned
to, this Council, taken up the matter in his frank,
soddier-like manner, declaring that Garibaldi, after
ha-ving two days ago sanctioned the decree which
comvokes the people to vote by universal suffrage,
could not now revoke it and order assemblies ; that
therefore all eloquence and argumentation were
useless In fgee of such a fact. This blunt argument
had its effect, and when it was finished Garibaldi
said " The plebiscite remains as it is, Pallavicini
remains Pro-Dietater, and the sitting is over."
CASERTA, Ocr. 16.
Yesterday morning two battalions of Neapolitans,
rith some guns and cavalry, came out from Capua
toi make a reconnaisance. They first approached
St rata Maria by the main road, occupied the Capu-
cb iin convent and cemetery, which are about half
wi IT to Santa Maria, and pushed their skirmishers
for 'ward towards our outposts. The reception which
they got from the Bixio Division seemed to satisfy
them soon enough, for they drew to their left and
turned towards St. Angelo, which was probably
their recil point of "observation." They fell there
first on the Corte Brigade, with which they skir-
jilished just sufficiently to allow the Piedmontese
B ersaglieri to come up and take their share.. These
la- tier, without even much availing themselves of
th, lir excellent firearms, charged them with the
bad yonet, and threw them back with such violence
tha t a number of the Neapolitans were driven into
the s iver. The cannon of Capua opened as usual,
and the Bersaglieri came back, having lost ten men,
wot trnVed and killed.
GarlYlaldi, apprised of the advance of the
Maria,en enemy,
m and y,
went 011' immediately by rail to Santa
thence br.earriage to St. Angelo. But all was nearly
over when he arrived, and soon after the telegraph
=non need .that the Neapolitans had withdrawn.
Ime letters had been taken, according to which
th 3 Neapolitans were preparing a last desperate
blo iw, and great promises of money had been made
to the soldiers and officers by the King, and provi-
sim is for the families of those who should fall in the

str' isro.le. This made Garibaldi hasten up and give
the order to 11.— troops at Caserta to be ready to
mar. c. h. But the precautiuu useless, and by 2
p.m. Garibaldi was back again.
T; ai s morning, at 6 p.m., Garibaldi reviewed the
1,5t1i 1 )ivision (Tarr), which is now almost entirely
collect ed at Caserta. The troops were drawn up
the esplanade before the Palace, where a few
n lame tnts before the review began Colonel Peard
li ad are ived likewise with a part of the English
B rig•e4.4 3, which landed yesterday at Naples. They
w ere thus :just in time to be reviewed by Gari-
li. As in his military operations, so in his re-
vie 76 Garibaldi is prompt and quick. Putting
his horse in a canter, he galloped along the
rack
3: and, having done ihis, he alighted from
his
orse, and had all the officers called up to
form-- acircle' round him. When they had all
conv:# up he said ;—" My old comrades, we have
done much in a short time, and I thank you
of our country, of which you have
• La. e name-
in L“
vital. Convey theso :fly thanks to the sol-
diweelrl 1 (
sll;:d—c-r
youe,connpand. Then, turning round

to the officers of•tke British Brigade, he continued :
—" With pleasure I see round here-the representa-
tives of a nation. which, from the beginning, has
cahn fdo
too uwrheoasue s
pe ,0
ww
ehri
fcuhl hv ao he e
odwues
it,n
devenereyeewnalvu, we
in a great inetAsure, that the principle of non -inter-
vention has been upheld, which is our safety." Then,
said :--:; As for our
turning to the offic ebrrsaovfe theu
nHguanr
igaanr ian
comrades,tegi onw,
hh
oe
zeisowouerst,haenmd
debt of
egdratthietiu`.'deb.l9°Tclhfeoirrto help
duty, which
a large
-co'
have
te
in their turn is our most sacrt—
we will accomplish." general cry of " eall I"
was the answer. Then addressing all
he concluded by thanking once more the officers for
the faithful way in which they had supported him.
These few words, which take up so little space on
paper, it took considerable time to deliver. Gari-
baldi, gifted by nature with rare eloquence, had lost
his oratorical power through deep emotion, which
soon affected all assembled. With that instinctive
magnetism which communicates itself in such mo-
ments, his old companions of the ant expedition,
who formed a gnat part of those present, felt that
it was a farewell of their chief, and eye after eye was
filled with tears.
Nor was this popular instinct probably wrong, for
after giving over everything to the Ring, Garibaldi
will very likely withdraw to his dear island of
Caprera, to eat the potatoes which he had sown in
spring, before starting to conquer Sicily and Naples,
and to meditate over ideas which have been before
his mind ever since his earliest youth. What these
are he has expressed in a curious document, which
lam sure will be read with interest. It represents
Garibaldi's " ulterior" views. It is to be published,
but as it has not yet made its appearance, I send it
you copied from the manuscript:—
" Of the present State of Europe, and of what this latter
could be in the Interest of the Governments and People.
" Everyone can see that Europe is far from a normal
state, and one which is advantageous for its population.
" France, which without contradiction occupies the first
rank among the European Powers, maintains 600,000 men
under arms, one of the greatest fleets in the world, and an
immense quantity of employes for her internal security.
" England has not the same number of soldiers, but a
more numerous fleet, and, perhaps, a greater number of
employes for the security of her distant possessions.
" Russia and Prussia, to maintain the equilibrium, have
likewise to maintain immense armies.
" The States of the second order, if only by spirit of imi-
tation and pour payer de presence are obliged to keep up the
same proportion.
" I won't speak of Austria and of the Ottoman Empire,
which are doomed to perish for the welfare of the unfortu-
' nate populations which they have oppressed for centuries.
" One may well demand, Why is Europe so violent and
agitated ?' Everyone talks of progress and civilisation. It
seems to me that we differ but little from those primitive
times when men warred with each other for plunder. We
pass our lives in threatening each other constantly, while in
Europe the great majority not only of the educated men,
but even of those endowed with common sense, understand
perfectly that one could pass through this miserable life
without these constant menaces against each othet and with-
out this necessity—which seems fatally imposed on the peo-
ple by some secret enemy of humanity—to massacre each
other with so much science and refinement.
"For instance, let us suppose one thing—
" Let us suppose that Europe were to form one State ;
who would think of deranging her, who would dare lo dis-
turb the repose of Europe, this sovereign of the world ?
"According to this supposition which we have made,
there would be no armies, no fleets ; and these immense 1
capitals, almost always wrenched from the wants of the
people and squandered in an unproductive and fratricidal
manner, would be used for its advantage in a colossal de-
velopment of industry—in the improvement of roads, in the
construction of bridges, in making canals, in the foundation
of public establishments, and in the establishment of schools,
which would redeem from misery and ignorance so many poor
creatures, who in all countries of the world, however slight
their civilisation, are condemned to become brutalised, and
prostitute soul and body on account of the egotism, calcu-
lation, and bad administration of the powerful and privileged
classes.
" Well I the realisation of the social reforms which I
mention depends simply on one great and generous initia-
tive, because I ask in what circumstance has Europe pre-
sented more chance for these benefits ?
" Let us examine the situation as it is at present.
"Alexander 11., in Russia, proclaiming the emancipa-
tion of the serfs.
" Victor Emmanuel, in Italy, throwing his sceptre upon
the battle-field and exposing his person for the regeneration
of a noble race and a great nation.
" In England, a virtuous Queen and a generous and wise
nation, which associates itself with enthusiasm to the cause
of oppressed nationalities.
"Lastly, France, called to arbitrate in Europe by the
mass of her concentrated population, by the valour of her
soldiers, and by the recent prestige of the most brilliant
period of her military history.
"To whom, then, belongs the initiative in this great

work ?
" To the country which marches as the advanced guard
of the revolution.

" The idea of a European confederation put forward by

the Chief of the French Empire, and which would give se-
curity and happiness to the world, would it not be better
than all these political combinations which torment this
poor people and keep it in a continual fever ?
" The thought of the terrible destruction which one com-
bat among the great fleets of the Western Powers would
produce must shake with terror him who would think of
giving the order for it, and probably there never would be
a man so cowardly bold to take the responsibility of it upon
himself.

" The rivalry which has existed between France and
England from the 17th century to our times exists still, but
with infinitely less intensity now, and we mention this for
the glory of human progress, so that a transaction between
the greatest nations of Europe—a transaction which would
have for its aim the welfare of humanity, can no more be
placed among the utopias of noble-hearted men.
The base then, of an European confederation is naturally
traced to France and England. Let France and England
frankly and loyally unite, and Italy, Spain, Portugal,
Hungary, Belgium, Switzerland, Greece, Roumelia will
instinctively range themselves round them.
" Finally, the divided and oppressed nationalities, the
Sclavonic, Germanic, and Scandinavian races, gigantic
Russia included, will not remain out of this political re•
generation, to which they are called by the spirit of the
century.

" I know well there is; one objection to the foregoing
project—What to do with that numberless mass of men
employed new in the armies and navies?
"-Tho answer is easy.

" By sending away these masses we should abolish aggra-
vating and dangerous institutions, and the mind of the Sove-
reign no more occupied with the lust of conquest, with war
and destruction, would turn towards useful institu-
tions, and descend from the study of generalities to that of
families and individuals.

" For the rest, by the growth of industry, by security of
commerce, the merchant navy would claim at the same in-
stant all the active part of the navy; and the great quan-
tity of works stimulated by peace, association, and security
would absorb all this armed population if it were double
what it is.

" War being henceforth almost impossible, armies would
become useless. But what would not be useless would be to
maintain the people in its warlike habits by a national
militia which would be always ready to suppress all dis-
orders and every ambition which would dare to disturb
Europe.
"I wish ardently that my words should reach those to
whom God has confided the holy mission to do good, and
that they would do it, preferring real grandeur, based on
ephemeral
elmoveeraalngrand gratitudede of the people, to their present and
" G. GARIBALDI."
This document was drawn up almost as it stands
this last spring at Nice. It is one of those dreams
in which the " Filibuster " Garibaldi loves to in-
dulge, and with which, in his moments of expan-
sion, he loves to entertain his friends.
Count Arrivabene, the correspondent, taken on
the Ist of October, has been sent back, owing to the
exertions of Mr. Elliott, who did everything he
could officially to get him released.

at /Ai t
lan
Ar rteDspfosn nHE
At :if.
sathe
R,DailyrELs
:iv
News.
(From
Oct. 15, at Night.
Receive at length this letter from your special correspon-
dent, whose death, disappearance, and the reports current
I,ore had led you to mourn. Slightly wounded, and taken
prisoner in a the Ist of October, I am here again
after a captivity of 13 days in the lloyal !Janie
It would be a long and tedious story were I to relate
minutely all the details of the rather unpleasant adventure
which happened to me. I shall therefore condense the sad
tale into the shortest possible space, so as to account, as is
the duty of a newspaper correspondent, for a silence of 20
days.
The details of the glorious action fought by Garibaldi on
the Ist of October are already familiar to the readers of the
ileily News, and I shall not repeat them. It was a fight of
heroes. As I had been informed that the royal troops were
going to attack the national army, I on that morning fol-
lowed Garibaldi's staff, which left Caserta by a special
train at 4 o'clock a.m. I had left directions to my servant
to have my saddle-horse ready by 5 o'clock at Santa Maria,
but on arriving there neither horse nor servant could be
found. Major Missori, of Garibaldi's Guides, kindly offered
rne a place in his carriage. and off we went, closely follow-
ing the char-a-bane of the eh' en ral in f towards Sant
g e - - ie
Angelo. We •
reaching a
amaiwiere driving at a good speed when, on
bridge which crosses the main road, our

carriages were fired at by some Neapolitan skirmishers,
who had SO far advanced on the. road we were passing as to
discharge their rifles at a distance of 20 paces. The coach-
menwf:speoua
dcto,
wounded.t hp a
ni
oeTuidrhs
s
aec bslh, uoa
ntfl tGrdhoaeojr
Garibaldi's
brh wthe, hr
coaf r
rballs
ery
oeht nhoear
moment
o e one
ttho° afli taghsi lane' horses
critical,
cs
pwoassi t isoenvel
his example. One of his orderly
was wounded in the le officers, ge
diffi-
cult. Garibaldi Jumped out of the carria , and we followed
Major Trampo
lini o-
his
in the head. The Neapo-
anoth
Titan sharpshooters had by this time advanced en the road,
and it was clear that their intention was to surround the
whole of Garibaldi's staff. The general, calm and composed
as he always is, drew his sword, and gave the order to a
company of General Medici's men, who were coming up
from Sant Angelo, to keep the Neapolitans in check—an
Ortiei; gave him time to reach his saddle-horse, which
was near at hand. Seeing that Major Trampolino was
wonnded, and being a pedestrian, I followed him to a farm
house, with the intention of reaching Sant Angelo by a road
over the hills. I had pretty well succeeded in putting my
project into execution, when I was sudderly stopped by
three shepherds, who, knowing I was surrounded by the
Neapolitans, summoned me in the name of his Sicilian Ma-
jesty to give myself up. They had not, however, discovered
that I was in possession of a good Adam's revolver—a
weapon which never fails. Self-defence gave me the right
of using it, and so I did. Having lodged a bullet in the leg
of one of the ruffians, the other two took to their heels. I
thought myself for the moment so far safe that I stopped to
survey the scene which the country presented. I saw masses
of the Neapolitans coming up from the camp of Capua in
S circular line, their fire literally covering the plain, Right
and left the artillery of Sant Angelo and Santa Maria bat-
teries were spreading death, and far on the front brave
Brigadier Dunne was making almost incredible efforts to
oppose the advancing march of the enemy. Whilst I was
looking at the fratricidal fight I was suddenly roused by an
hurrah, which was soon followed by a volley of musketry.
The sharp whistle of balls, and the flash of hundreds of
muskets, left no doubt that a party of Neapolitans was
coming up the hill behind. And so it was. I had scarcely
moved from the place, when I was surrounded by the
enemy's riflemen.
There was nothing to be done—l was prisoner without
hope of escape. But it seemed as though the Neapolitans
preferred to have me dead; for, although I was walking
towards them, they fired at me most obstinately, and a
bullet wounded me slightly in the left leg. I fell, and the
men came up, surrounded me, robbed me of my money,
my watch, and part of my clothes. One struck me on the
head, another gave me such a heavy blow on the shoulders
that, although it was a bright day, I seemed to see all the
stars in the heavens. Had not the commanding officer
come up they would have murdered me. I was a Gari-
baldian, they said—they wanted to revenge the imaginary
assassination of their comrades. The captain having
ordered me to follow the column, I was obliged to do so,
although I could scarcely walk. I begged him to send me
to Capua at once, but he declined to do so. "I am
ordered to go up the hill, and I cannot detach any of
my men; besides," he added, "were I to abandon you,
my men would surely kill you; follow me as well
as you can." I shall always remember the pain I suffered
on that long errand of four hours. The marching column
was always fighting with Garibaldi's bersaglieri, men fell
dead around me, and the scene was one of the most distress-
ing that can be imagined. At about half-past ten o'clock
one of the lieutenants of the party was struck by two balls
and fell down mortally wounded at my side. He was a
young man of one and twenty with.an angelic smile on his
face. I hastened to assist him, and implored the captain
to allow me to dress his wounds. The captain refused, in
spite of the entreaties of his wounded comrade, who begged
me not to abandon him. I offered the captain to give my
word of honour that I would present myself at the Neapoli-
tan camp as soon as I had brought the poor fellow to Gari-
baldi's ambulance, which was near at hand. All was of no
avail, and the wounded man was hoisted on the shoulders
of two soldiers, who, ten minutes afterwards threw him
into a ditch, cruelly abandoning him. I could no longer
think of myself. Death and misery were around me, and I
was heartbroken in witnessing the scone of horror. At last
we reached the head quarters of General Refitted, who di-
rected the action of that clay. Hearing that I was an Eng-
lishman, he gave vent to the most unwarranted passion,
asking me what business I had there. I told him that I
was a newspaper correspondent, who had undertaken the
duty of writing about the Italian war. This declaration did
not seem to mollify the General, who said I should pay for
all the calumnies the English press had spread against the
Neapolitan army.
Whilst I was thus speaking with the Neapolitan general
some officers came up and ordered me and ten others,
my companions, to follow them to Capua. We were
marched between two rows of soldiers, amidst the most
brutal insults of a frantic population. They wanted us to
cry out, " Long live Francis II.," a thing which all de-
clined to do. How we were able to reach the fortress of
Capua safe I cannot tell. With the help of the Almighty,
we at last crossed the drawbridge of the fortress, and were
safe. Once within the walls of the fortress we were kindly
treated by the officers, who openly told us they deplored
the fratricidal fight which was staining the soil of Italy
with Italian blood. They told us that military honour
only induced them to fight against their brethren, and one
young artillery officer added, they had been deceived by the
King, who told them he would release them from the oath
of allegiance. More than one pressed our hands as that of
brethren. 'Whilst this scene was going on within the for-
tress the guns were roaring outside. Wounded were con-
stantly brought in, and from the countenance of the sol-
diers who were constantly arriving it was clear that the
day was going against the royal army. Dusk came on, and
then we knew that the Neapolitans had suffered a defeat.
This increased our danger, for the soldiers wanted to mur-
der us. In their eyes we were Garibaldians, belonging to
the band of heroes who had beaten them. Our guard was,
however, redoubled ; and we prepared to pass the night—
a long night, full of anguish. Next morning we were
told that an order had come from the King to remove us
to Gaeta. I asked leave to say good-bye to my wounded
companions at the hospital, a demand which was
granted. There I saw Major Cattabene and his noble
companions lying on their bed of sorrow. At eight o'clock
p.m. six carriages were waiting for us, and we started with
85 of Garibaldi's soldiers. An escort of an infantry battae
lion and a squadron of hussars accompanied us. We marched
the whole of the night, till, at daybreak, we arrived at the
village of Sant Agate. The population—a population of
wild beasts in human form—was waiting for us. As our
cortege approached we were received with the most horrible
howling, and with a shower of stones. We were, however,
safely taken to the gendarmerie barrack. Some of our com-
panions were so ill that after they had laid down on the
ground they could not move for hours. But some kind
officers came up and defended us, ordering the mob to dis-
perse. We thus passed the day, thinking of 15 miles we
had to perform before reaching our destination. At night
we started again, with the came escort of cavalry and in-
fantry. The officer who commanded the latter was a Count
Raiz, a perfectand noble-minded gentleman. In our posi-
tion we soon looked upon him as our best friend. Captain
Ruiz had told us that at midnight we should pass through
the camp of the Garigliano. The Garigliano is a military
position which defends the road of the Abruzzi, and 12,000
Neapolitan troops had been posted there to oppose the ad-
vancing march of the Piedmontese. At this announcement
new dangers rose before us. The midnight hour struck at
last, and at a sudden turning of the road the bivouac fires of
the Neapolitans were discovered. The night was dark. The
country is flat, and the far outline of the Tyrrhene
sea extended itself in our front like a waving silver
riband. On our right and left enormous fires
were burning, spreading a vivid red light upon
the surrounding country. Here and there groups of
soldiers, wrapped up in their large white cloaks,
were to be seen moving about the camp. The shining hel-
met of the dragoons, the picturesque ktapeka of the lancers,
and the shako of the infantry, could be made out in the
gleam of the flames, making a most striking scene. But as
our party was moving the cry of "The Garibaldians I the
Garibaldians I" was suddenly heard, and another horrible
howling followed it. The soldiers left their bivouac fires to
meet us, some of them brandishing the burning stakes at
us. But Captain Ruiz had sworn to protect us, and he nobly
kept his word. A quarter of an hour afterwards wo had
passed the camp and were safe. At 4 o'clock we arrived at
Gaeta. It was still dark as we entered the castle gates,
upon which we seemed to see the famous verse of Dante.
We were then desired to leave our carriage, and the com-
manding officer handed us over to our gaoler, having first
counted us, as if we had been a herd of sheep. The iron
gate was closed on us, and the poor soldiers were pent up in
one of those low, dirty dens which Lord Llanover has, I
think, recently described in one of his letters. As for us
officers—for both I and a colleague were considered as
Garibaldi's officers and treated accordingly—we were first
shown into a square room without air, without furniture,
and so damp that the walls were all green and mouldy. The
stench was so dreadful that we could scarcely face it. All
the indignation which can be felt by an Englishman who
thinks himself wronged found expression, and I strongly
protested against the barbarity of locking us up in such a
nasty place. My boldness gave courage to my companions,
and we all protested. The lieutenant who had taken us in
charge was sent for, and two other more decent rooms were
found. We were 24 in number, and at our arriving in the
new room we found six others, Garibaldi's officers, who had
been made prisoners at Cajazzo. All our furniture con-
sisted of a rough table and a dirty mattress of old and half
rotten straw. We were told that the King allowed us 30
bajocchi a day, upon which we were obliged to subsist. In
this place we were obliged to sleep, to cook, and eat our
dinners—in a word, to live. You may conceive how we
were situated. A few days afterwards, as eight now pri-
soners came in,we were removed to the upper storey of the
castle, in a more spacious gallery. Wo were locked up all
the day, except for half an hour after dinner, in which we
were allowed to promenade on the terrace of the castle. Out
of our 30 bajocchi granted by his Majesty full :ten were
absorbed by a man named Tobia, and by a convict who
had murdered his most intimate friend,who were charged to
buy our provisions. But what was this when compared to
the condition of the poor soldiers of Garibaldi ? They were
obliged to live upon five grani (about a penny), they had
no air, and were obliged to sleep upon a bed of rotten
straw, which had been used by all the prisoners who had
visited that horrible den for two or three mouths before,

The consequence of this was that half the men were taken
ill the next day, and two days afterwards they were half-
starred. On our remonstrating, General Valle, a good
and kind man—answered he could do nothing, for food
and straw were wanting in the place. Such was, and still
is, the condition in which are kept prisoners of war, who
fought like lions. Such is the treatment of soldiers who
were always kind to the Neapolitan prisoners taken in
Sicily and Calabria.

On my arrival at Gaeta I began to protest against my
imprisonment. I had been taken as a simple spectator; I
did not hold any commission in Garibaldi's army; I was
an English subject, and I asked to be allowed to write to
my minister at Naples. Gen. Viale and Gen. Ferrari
seemed to recognise that I could only be considered as r,.t
mere spectator; but having applied to the King, wil'o had
taken the same view of my case and that of my colleague,
the ministers were consulted, and they all decided agair st
me. I was, however, told that I colfid write to Mr. ElLet,
and I did so ; but, as I discovered on my arriving at Naples
my letters were not forwarded. Two days passed away,
and I was taktli ill. .All my money had been taken from
me by tile Neapolitans who had arrested me at Sant An-
gelo, and the scanty allowance of the prison we _s not enough
to support me. On the fifth day I was attacked by fever.
My illness seemed to increase my courage, and I asked to
be brought into the presence of the general. I wrote to
him a sort of statement, which he promised to present to
the King. From the oonvict who served us I heard one
morning that I was suspected to be a Muratist agent; an-
other fellow-prisoner told me ths.t he had heard a captain
say that I was sent by I.abrd Palmerston to Garibaldi in
order to try to get Siefiy for England. At any other time
I should have heartily laughed at this stupid nonsense. On
Wednesday morning I was suddenly summoned before
Gen. Viale, Although ill I went down, and, arrived in his
presence, the general handed to me a Journal des Debats,
in which my name was mentioned together with that of
the Hon. Evelyn Ashley and that of another English
gentleman I now forget. The general told me that the article
in question proved plainly that I had led the soldiers of
Garibaldi on the 19th of September. I pointed out that the
article was anonymous, and I wrote a letter in which I sea
that I had never led soldiers, neither on that day nor on any
other, since 1848. I also protested against my captivity,
and told him that I had a firm faith in my Government ;
that it would make the dignity of the British nation re-
spected inmy case, as it had done inthe caseof the Cagliari.
Next day passed away without any new incident, but on
Friday I was suddenly summoned anew to the presence of
General Viale, where I met a Signor Materasso, our agent
at Gaeta. This gentleman had not been idle. On hearing
that an English subject was amongst the prisoners he had
sent word to Mr. Elliot, who had claimed me. A council of
ministers had been summoned to consider my case more
fully, and my liberation had been decided. I was asked to
write a declaration that I would not carry my arms against
Francis 11. This done, I was handed over to the consul,
who took me tahis house, treated me in the kindest manner,
sent for the doctor, and cared for me as for one of his family.
Yesterday morning the French man-of-war Muette came
into harbour. Signor Materasso asked the captain to take
me to Naples, and yesterday evening I arrived there, where
I was greeted by my friends as one risen from the tomb.
Here I must stop. I have already written too much
about my personal adventures, and I beg your readers to
pardon me if I have dwelt too much on a theme which can
have so little interest for them.

PRUSSIAN DESPATOR ON ITALIAN
AFFAIRS.

The Prussian Government has delivered its soul
in a despatch from Baron Schleinitz to M. de St.
Simon, and naughty Sardinia now knows what she
has to expect from the House of Hohenzollern. For
our own part we at once declare that the ways of
Prussia are not our ways, and that we will not
follow an inch on the road f Despotism. We are
therefore slow to believe the announcement of the
Patrie with respect to another despatch said to have
been forwarded by our Foreign Minister to St.
Petersburg. Why, in fact, should we be led by Prus-
sia? The part which she is now playing is perfectly
transparent. She wishes to use us and abuse us.
She has hopes that we shall soon be simple enough
to back her up with our money and men in a policy
and system of government which this nation abhors,
and is already showing that there shall be no change
in her vi ays, and no obligation to her backers. From
some rude instinct of Conservatism, or some anti-
Gallican prejudice, or possibly from some dynastic
entanglements, we are to play at the game of " fol-
low my leader," in which we have absolutely no-
thing to gain, but a great deal to lose, and in which
it will be impossible to decide whether victory or
defeat will be the better for us. There is only one
thing quite certain in the business, and that is, that
it at a cost of a thousand millions and a proportionate
number of men, we were to secure for Austria and
Prussia the whole of their present frontiers, and a
few provinces more, the very first use they would
make of their new and more comfortable position
would be to do us an ill turn, just to show their
independence and to avert the contagion of our
freedom. In point of fact, Prussia has really a
greater dislike for our social customs and institu-
tions than she has for the dangerous ambition of
another neighbour. She can at least sympathise
with the man who is looking so hard across his
boundary, for the Rhine is a very intelligible object
of cupidity, bit she cannot sympathise with a nation
whose chief rule of life is the unwritten law of mu-
tual consideration, and who can move about without
an official always at their elbow; So, at the same
moment that the organs of the Prussian Govern-
ment are instructed to inform the world that we are
most delightfully at accord as to the part we are to
take on the European stage, they are showing us up
to the world as a nation of blackguards ready to
convert every railway carriage into a prize ring.
The old English gentleman, it is expected, will take
down his old folios and investigate the original text
of treaties, written across and across half a dozen
times, and then furbish up his old armour to do
battle for captive princes and fair provinces in
jeopardy, without the hope of being considered even
a gentlemanly fool. He is a brute after all, and,
when he has cut his fagot and carried it, is to be
dismissed for an ugly Caliban. This same Caliban,
he is already aware, has a good deal of work cut out
for him by the Prussian diplomatists. He has not
only to save Prussia from some tormenting anxieties
as to her present possessions, but to foster her hopes
and share her illusions in another quarter. Our army
and our navy, as well as our vast revenue, are no
more regarded as our own, and bestowed upon us
by Nature for oar own private use, than are the
strong legs of a horse or the fat flanks of a prize
ox. " Sic vos non vobis" is the song of the Prussian
Minister, as he sees us ploughing the teas or
marching across the world. Clowns as we are, like
many other clowns, we are created for the support
of legitimate monarchs, despotic Governments, and
bureaucratic institutions.
The most remarkable feature in this outbreak of
German insolence, which, like many thunderstorms,
has broken out in two places at once, is the con-
spiracy or the terrorism whtch it betrays. Staats
Procurators and Ober-Staats Procurators, with all
their staffs and a dozen Gazettes and Zeitungs, all
join either in impertinent abuse of British travel-
lers or in cowardly suppression of the facts even
when tendered to them, and a unanimous admission
that neither opinion nor truth itself is free in Prus-
sia. When a Prussian official on the seat of justice
betrays his bias by digressing into the grossest
abuse of this country, it is a crime in Prussia for
any one, native or foreign, to protest against his
brutality. The journals themselves are not at
liberty to record the fact that such a protest has
been made. The British tourist will now know
what to expect on the Rhine, that great thorough-
fare of nations, as it has been fondly supposed. He
is absolutely at the mercy of any Prussian who may
choose to insult him ; and when it is known that
the Queen's yacht was stopped at Cologne by the
authorities, who demanded to search her and turn
the Queen's boxes inside out, we may conclude that
the wish to insult the whole nations in the person
of her Majesty is not wanting. Even the Irish
rabble in the United States have not behaved so ill
to the Prince of Wales. But, to return
to our tou-
rist, if he makes an attempt to aoaert against any
Prussian the unieesaai rights of the traveller, that
Prumitill has only to hand him over to the police-
man, the policeman to the magistrate, the magis-
trate to the inspector, the inspector to his superior,
and so on ad infinitum, without the smallest oppor-
tunity of redress. The unhappy tourist, once in
prison or under judicial process, might as well be
in an oubliette in the Castel Ovo, with the waters of
the Mediterranean rolling ever his head. He is
hermetically sealed up by the German press. There
is not an editor, or a writer, or a compositor, or a
printer's boy who dares breathe a syllable about
him, unless it be some foul abuse of the British
tourists or glorification of the Ober-Procurator Von
Something-or-Other. If they correct a statement,
supply a missing fact, or give publicity to a mild
protest, they are liable to prosecution and im-
prisonment, with the certain knowledge that the
liability will be duly enforced. This is the con-
dition of the Prussian press, and the Government
of which it forms a virtual part ; and all Europe
has just been told that Lord John Russell has ex-
changed with the Prussian Minister assurances of
unanimity and support under any probable cir-
cumstances.

No doubt, there is a considerable diffeAnce be-
tween English and German customs and institu-
tions ; about as great a difference as there is
between a natural tree and a wooden tree in a
German toybox. But, what is th© result ? In this
country no foreigner has to complain of incivility
either at our railway stations or from his fellow-
passengers, and such an incident ac R German
being deprived of his seat, and dragged to prison
for asserting his right to it, is u tterly impossiblo
here. The railway porters to a man would vindi-
cate his right against the highest nobleman in Ole