The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-17 00:00:00

GRAND SELECTIONS

FROM
DELLINI'S NOP,MA, SnNNAMBITLA, AND FLOTOW'S

MARTHA.
PRINCIPAL ARTISTES,
MISS RUSSELL MADAME MARTA
MISS TYR RF,L MISS WILKINSON
Mr. HENRY HERBERT and Mr. BERNARD.
Conductor Mr. JONGUMANS.
The Comtc Department comprises Messrs. A. B. Hollings-
worth, Master Barry J. Blanchard, G. W. Pell, Charley
Fox, and E. Marshall, in his transformation song, "THE
DOMESTIC DRAMA," personatinr, five different characters.
On Saturday next, will be produced (first time) a Grand
Selection from "La Figlia del Regimento" (Donizetti).

THI IVEATEER.—S-tn4 OFFICE, DEC. 16, 1860.
THERMOYETER, TN THE
42—highest since noon yesterday.
38 —loweat this morning and during the night.
41—this day at noon.
Banomwrmu-30.04 ; falling.
WlND—Northerly—variable; with dull weather.
DEC. 17.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADS.
41—highest since noon yesterday.
33—lowest this morning and during the night.
36—this day at noon.
BAROMETER-29.70 ; falling.
WIND—North—strong breeze ; with frosty weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
This DAY.—Morning, 4h. 52m.—Afternoon, sh. 13m.
To-monnow.-Morning, sh. 32m.—Afternoon, sh. 52m.

Il
40 1 hot.
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THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, DEC. 17, 1880.

The Chinese War has certainly made good its
claim to be regarded as a War of Surprises. It
began, or rather the necessity for it was forced upon
our recognition, quite abruptly with the explosion
,of a startling and terrible ambuscade. It has ter-
'floated now with equal suddenness. The arrival
of the news on Saturday in Downing-street while
her MaJEsTv's Ministers were actually seated there
in a Cabinet Council, convened at the official resi-
dence of the First Lord of the Treasury for the
very purpose
of discussing this all-important sub-
ject of the War in China—the advent, then and
there, of the wholly unlooked-for and absolutely
Intelligence astounding that the War was all over,
that Peace was concluded
, that the Ratifications
ged, must certainly have
had even been exchanged
come pleasantly enough, and as by a
coup
de theatre,
MAJESTY'S Government.
upon her lt
is a happy
nation atthis aorein
augury for the na g Christmas
time. It dissipates so many anxieties at the very
moment, too, when our reasons for solicitude iu
re-
gard to this subject of the War in China appeared
to have become so enormously enhanced and multi-
plied. How any peace at ail, out yonder at Pekin,
could in any manner be negotiated seemed to have
•
become, within a very few days prior to the arrival
of this extraordinary intelligence, altogether pro-
blematical. It was bewildering actually to conjec-
ture with whom Lord ELGIN and Baron GROS
could, even if they would, open up any
new negotiations. It appeared to ourselves
indeed advisable, in the interests of the Europeans,
in the interests of the Chinese, in the interests of
humanity, that our plenipotentiaries should turn
their regard, in search of reconciliation, rather in
the direction of the Native Emperor now for a
whole decade reigning at Nankin, than to the
fugitive Tartar Emperor, fled within the last two
months into the wilds of Tartary. Pekin literally
in our hands, in the possession of the Angi6- French
expedition, we seemed to have the very opportunity

we had so long desiderated, the opportunity of
looking well about us from that high 'vantage
ground, both in a military and political point of
view, and of taking our own time before closing with
our enemies the definitive terms of pacification !
Pausing thus, of course, only to the end that when
Peace should eventually be arranged, it might prove,
more probably than.any peace previously negotiated
with the Chinese had done, one calculated to be
long maintained. While we are all in the midst of
these somewhat vague speculations, however, in
regard to the future—while her MAJESTY'S Minis-
ters are positively engaged in the formal discus-
sion (in Cabinet Council assembled) of the whole
problem of this Chinese W3r, with a view if pos-
sible to the discovery of the likeliest means
of helping Lord ELGIN towards its even-
tual solution comes suddenly into the
midst of the Cabinet the astounding and
glorious tidings that the War is at an end, and that
the negotiators of the peace have even gone so far
as to exchange the ratifications !
This important intelligence it will be perceived
through the brief notification of it, dated on Satur-
day evening from the Foreign Office, came thither,
but an hour or so previously via St. Petersbing. It
brings the news from Pekin down to 9th of Novem-
ber. And according to these tidings—auspiciously
starting homeward through Russia on the anni-
versary of the birth of the Heir Apparent to tho
Crown of England—Peace had been formally con-
cluded on the 26th of October between the diplo-
matic representatives of the Western Powers of
Europe, and the diplomatic representatives acting
in the name of the fugitive Chinese EMPEROR and
his all-but-ex-MAJESTY'S Government. Very
shortly after that now most remarkable date, the
ratifications had been exchanged, and on the sth of
November Pekin was evacuated by the Allied
Forces—those Forces that scarcely a fortnight pre-
viously had entered the gates of the hitherto
inscrutable city as its conquerors. So amazingly
have the Tables Turned between the late belli-
gerents from War to Peace, from turmoil to tran-
quillity, that his Celestial MAJESTY—who had been
driven to the necessity but a few days previously
of taking so very terrestrial a journey into Man-
chouria—was confidently expected to return to his
capital almost immediately.
Our satisfaction at the receipt of this most wel-
come intelligence would be complete and unalloyed
but for the knowledge simultaneously brought to us
of the frightful cruelties perpetrated by the Chinese
upon our captured fellow-countrymen. It is impos-
sible to glance down the record of these atrocities,that
have come to us from the seat of war from reliable
sources, without a shudder of mingled grief and in-
dignation. And the horror with which the par-
ticulars of this treatment by the Chinese of the
French and English prisoners cannot but be read
at every hearth in France and England, will be
painfully intensified at this time upon the reflection
that while we know for certain that two of these
barbarously tormented prisoners (both of them
Englishmen) have died under the hands, we might
rather say the claws, of their tormentors, eleven
others, no fewer than ele►ea others, remained to
this hour unaccounted for ! Whether these eleven
also have succumbed to the horrors of their im-
prisonment we know not; we are baffled even in
our conjectures as to their fate. We can only wait,
and yearn, and pray for their return in safety to
the camp of the Allies, to the consolation of their
terror-stricken relatives. We do know, however,
in regard to the execrable treatment of their com-
panions—not merely of the two who have actually
perished, but of those comrades who have been
restored to us, headed by Mr. PARKES, her
MAJESTY'S Consul, and by Mr. LOCH, the
English Ambassador's Secretary—enough to make
one's blood run cold merely to think of.
Indignities the most disgraceful, mutilations the
most malignant and devilish, hunger and thirst
even to the verge of death by literal starvation,
cords tying their wrists round with the agonising
tightness of a tournequette, chains fastening their
bodies down to the floors of dark and loathsome dun-
geons—these are among the atrocities perpetrated by
the Chinese, or rather it should be said, in justice to
the Chinese race, by the Tartars, upon our unfor-
tunate fellow-countrymen. And all this infernal
cruelty has been authorised, has been ordered and
encouraged by the military and diplomatic chiefs
of the Chinese Government—by the EMPEROR'S
own brother, the Prince of KUNG, the high Imperial
Plenipotentiary—by the ruffian Tartar Generalis-
simo, the often defeated, and therefore, no doubt,
to this frightful extent—the implacable and infu-
riated SAN-KO-LIN-SIN.
It is our painful knowledge of these refined bar-
barities that leads us, however confidently, to the
conclusion that the Peace so abruptly, and other-
wise to all appearance so hastily and prematurely
concluded, will prove nevertheless, when the terms
of it come to be known, fully and entirely satisfac-
tory. It is quite impossible,under the circumstances,
that either Lord ELOIN or Baron GROS could have
concluded any Peace with the Chinese Government
that was not in the completest sense of the word
satisfactory. With the EMPEROR driven away
ignominiously as a fugitive into Tartary—with
Pekin itself, the mighty and mysterious capital
of the Chinese Empire, in the hands of the Allied
Forces—with the swarms of the Tartar Cavalry
again and again routed by (comparatively) the merest
handful of Europeans—above all, with the dread-
ful knowledge of the fiendish cruelties inflicted upon
our fellow-countrymen by order of the Prince of
KUNG and the Tartar Commander-in-Chief SAN-KO-
LIN-SIN, with this hall maddening knowledge, but
just then freshly branded upon the recollection of
the Ambassadors, burning and smarting into their
memory—a Peace concluded by Lord ELGIN and
Baron GROS, under such a combination of circum-
stances, could not by any possibility, we may rest
perfectly well assured, be based upon anything but
a Treaty fully and completely satisfactory. That
unction, at least, we may lay to the soul of the
nation—now that we are yearning to give the balm
of good news to those hearts in the few scattered
home-groups who are now mourning in the midst
of this happy season over the two dead and the
eleven lost Prisoners.

One sentence of this day's telegrams will sur-
prise most readers almost as much as the news
from China. The Moniteur says :—" The EMPE-
ROR has decided that from January next, and by
way of reciprocity, Englishmen coming to France
shall be permitted to enter and travel through
the country without passports." We confess we
should have thought any achievements in China,
as, for instance, the installation of the Taepings at
Pekin, or a chase after HIEN-FLING to Moukden,
more likely than the one which the Emperor of
the FRENCH proffers us as a New Year's gift. And
then it is done so gracefully—it is made no favour
of, it is granted " by way of reciprocity ;" we have
been first in admitting Frenchmen without a ticket
or certificate of trustworthiness, and the EMPEROP
will return the compliment. "By Way of Reci-
proci.ty.yy Yes, certainly. Louis NAPOLEON him_
self at a time when if passports had any utility
he might have je.'llnd it hard to get one, stepped on
the shores of England more th,n.f.)nce, and no police
officer troubled him for a passport. And his Em.

We have a telegraphic summary of Presiden

BUCHANAN'S message, much of the character which

might have been looked for. The Chief Magistrate
of the Republic must be in favour of law and order,
but the chief of the pro-slavery party must also
have a word or two for the rebellious Southern

States, and a word or two in rebuke of the trium-
phant States of the North.
Why, he asks, while the country is so prosperous,

are there threats of disunion—is not the Union
the source of all these blessings. To which inter-
rogation he furnishes his own reply—the long con-
tinued and intemperate interference of the
Northern people with the Slavery question
has, he says, given rise to servile insurrec-
tion, and inspired the slaves with vague notions
of freedom, hence " a sense of security no
longer exists around the family altar." Now
we also remember a like fear and a negro insur-
rection in Jamaica. It was suppressed in fire and
blood, but it resulted in emancipation. The attempt
was made to inculpate certain missionaries in the
Island as the cause of it ; but after the strictest
investigation the cause was found to be in the con-
duct of the planters, and even of their House of
Legislature. They resented so loudly and with so
much bluster, talking even of secession to the
United States, the resolutions of the English Par-
liament, that the negroes fully believed that the
King of England had sent them out " free papers,"
and that the planters and Government withheld
them, and they were determined not to be cheated
of what the King had given them. Similar entirely
is now the state of things in the North. The
North has not done anything whatever in in-
fringing on the sovereign rights of the Southern
States, but those States make such a disturbance
about a perfectly legal election of an anti-Slavery
President, that the utterly ignorant slaves may
well believe there is something more for them, if
they could but get it, which their masters with-
hold. We should not be at all surprised if cruel
servile war should follow. The extreme ignorance
in which the slaves are kept may indeed prevent
their hearing much of what is done by legislatures
and public bodies. On the other hand such gross
ignorance as the Planters generally deem the safe-
guard of Slavery, exposes the poor creatures to
becoming the dupes of the absurdest rumours.
Servants in families, and negroes in towns, hear
of the way in which their masters talk at home
and at public meetings, and it might well make
them believe that the Northern States are
determined to free the negroes, and would
give them any aid they need in seeking their free-
dom. Should a servile insurrection occur it will
almost certainly be due, like that in Jamaica, to
the domestic negroes reporting to the field hands
their masters' words, with their own interpretation I
of them.

Mr. BUCHANAN is constrained to acknowledge
that the election of Mr. LINCOLN is no cause for
disunion. Deeply as it must mortify him, he yet
knows that all has been perfectly constitutional
and legal ; and, he contends, we fear with too
much truth, that the South is in no danger from it.
He blows hot and cold, however, on the great
question. He rroclaims secession revolutionary,
and denies that it is constitutional ; at the same
time he denies the right of the Federal Government
to coerce secondary States into submission—and,
with more truth, perhaps, pronounces it imprac-
ticable. It would be probably a most difficult
taskbut thereto priesserve always a feodneeratifoenarfab f
fearful
a Itoerrcue ;
o.i.
tive,
In th
O most turbulent of the States,

MARSEILLES, DEC. 17.
The report of the loss of the steamer Dora
has not been confirmed.
The Naples journals received here assert that
the Abruzzi and Calabria are quiet, and that the
revolutionary movement in the province of Avel-
line has been partially suppressed.
The same journals also state that the Lieutenancy
at Naples is engaged in arming the National
Guards, who are t o be despatched to Upper
Italy.

AMERICA.
THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
QUEENSTOWN, SUNDAY.

The Royal Mail steam ship Africa, Captain
Neill, from New York on the sth instant, arrived
here at 8 p.m., landed all her mails except those
for Liverpool, and proceeded at 8 15 p.m., all well.
She brings 40 passengers and 17,561 in specie.
The steamer Asia, from Liverpool, had arrived
out.

The following is a summary of the President's
Message, delivered at Washington on the 4th inst.
The first topic discussed is the revolutionary

crisis.
Mr. Buchanan asks why, while the country is
eminently prosperous in all its material interests,
the Union, the source of all these blessings, is
threatened with destruction. The cause, he says,
is close to hand. It is the long-continued and
intemperate interference of the Northern people
with the question of slavery in the South, which
has given rise to servile insurrection, and inspired
the slaves with vagae notions of freedom. Hence a
sense of security no longer exists around the family
altar. Mr. Buchanan maintains that the election
of Mr. Lincoln involves no provocation for disunion,
and states that the South is in no immediate danger
therefrom. He considers secession revolutionary,
and denies the doctrine of constitutional secession.
He next contends that the Federal government has
no right to coerce receding States into submission,
and that coercion is impracticable.
The relations with all foreig❑ Powers excepting
Spain are declared to be amicable and satisfactory.
Some suggestions are made in reference to the
purchase of Cuba.
As the disputed title to the island of San Juan is
under negotiation with Great Britain, it is not
deemed advisable to make any allusion to the sub-
ject.
The President regards the visit of the Prince of
Wales as a most auspicious event, and says that its
consequences cannot fail to increase the kindred
and kindly feeling which he trusts may ever ac-
tuate the Government and people of both countries.
The financial condition is briefly discussed, and
considerable reductions are shown in the annual
expenditure.
The message concludes with lengthy remarks
about the necessity for modifications in the tariff,
to meet deficiencies of revenue.

WASHINGTON, DEC. 4.

After the reading of the President's Message the
following amendment was moved and carried :
" That so much. of the message as related to the
perilous condition of the country be referred to a
select committee, composed of one member from
each State."

The message is condemned by those of extreme
opinions, from both North and South.

In Charleston the pacific tone of the President's
message caused considerable surprise.

THE SIEGE OF GAETA.

Advices from Gaeta of the Bth inst. announce a
successful coup de main made by a small body of
Royalists. They succeeded in surprising the Pied-
montese outposts and blew up two houses of the
Borgo, having brought barrels of gunpowder with
them for that purpose.
The fire of the Piedmontese against the fortress
had increased. A large shell burst in one of the
squares, close to the King. Some of the houses

Yesterday's ./tionitestr says :—" The Emperor's
ambassador at St. Petersburg announces by tele-
graphic despatch, of to-day's date, that the Rus-
sian Government has received the news that Baron
Gros and Lord Elgin entered Pekin on Oct. 22, and
that peace was signed on the 26th. The ratifica-
tions were exchanged on the same day. The
Emperor of China, who, on leaving for Mantchooria,
had conferred on his brother, Prince Kong, the
powers necessary for treating, was disposed to re-
enter his capitol, which the allied troops were be-
3inning to evacuate."

Meetings of the executive committee for the
Great Exhibition in 1862 are being constantly held.
The successor to Sir W. Hylton Joliffe has not
yet been appointed.
No decision has yet been come to by the Home-
office with respect to the punishment to be inflicted on Ann
Padfield. It is supposed it will be penal servitude for life.
Major-Gen. Larcom, Col. Stirling, George
Hodges, Esq., and Sir E. Head were on Saturday invested
with the Orders of Knights-Commanders of the Bath.
Lord Bloomfield, British Ambassador at Vienna,
and Lord Napier, at St. Peterburg, are about to be raised
to the rank of Privy Councillors.
It is rumoured that Government has sent out
instructions to the naval commanders to concentrate a force
in the Mexican waters, in consequence of the gross outrage
perpetrated upon the property of British citizens.
CRIMINAL COI:MT.—THE GREAT WATCH ROB-

BEIM—The sessions commenced this morning. The calen-
dar only contains 42 prisoners for trial, The Recorder
having charged the grand jury, Robert Ernest Graham,
the man charged with stealing and pawning watches to the
value of £1,500, was sentenced to five years' penal servitude.

A proposition is on foot for making a carriage-
road across Primrose-hill.

Seven more bodies have been brought up from
the pit at Rises. About 25 corpses are still supposed to 1?e
in the workings.

Dr. Isaac Joliet, one of the deacons of the French
Church, St. Martin's-le-Grand, yesterday, expired suddenly
in the vestry-room of the church.

An alarming collision took place on the London
and North Western Railway, near Rugby, yesterday. The
line was obstructed for some hours, but happily no lives
were lost. On Saturday a man was run over and killedon
the North Woolwich Railway.

The second Royal Dramatic Performance took
place at Windsor on Saturday. The Haymarket company
acted Taylor's last new comedy, " The Babes in the Wood."

Letters from Italy say the affairs of the British
Legion are settling down satisfactorily.
Dr. Henry Philpott, chaplain to the Prince
Consort, has been appointed Bishop of Worcester.

A letter from Turin says that Mr. Duff Grant,
M.P., has been three weeks there on a special mission.
On Saturday a splendid screw steam frigate
called the Amatia, for the Queen of Greece, was launched
from Pitcher's yard, Northfleet.

The general elections for the Turin Parliament
come off on the 30th of January.

The Emperor of Russia has ordered one of the
shipbuilding firms on the Thames to construct an armour-
clad vessel of war for him.

THE FRENCH MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR.—
Yesterday's Moniteur announces that M. Billault, Minister
without portfolio, has been appointed Minister of the In-
terior during the absence of M. de Persigny.

'The municipal administration of Nantes has de-
termiAed no longer to manage the theatre on its own ac-
count, but to return to the old system of a privileged direc-
tor with a subvention. The management by the municipal
authorities has been attended' ith an average annual deficit
of 110,000 f.

IMPORTANT SALE OP SHAWLS, CLOAKS, SILKS,
AND FANCY DRESSES.—Owing to great increase of business,
Messrs. Farmer and Rogers are compelled to make exten-
sive alterations in their premises, previous to the approach-
ing spring season ; they have, in consequence, determined
to sell the whole of their magnificent stock at nearly half-
price. The sale has commenced, and will last about a
month. The stock consists of India shawls, China shawls,
French shawls, Paisley shawls, Norwich shawls, and every
description of fancy-trimmed shawl for autumn and winter
wear; handsome velvet cloaks, real seal-skin cloaks, imita-
tion seal-skin cloaks in a variety of shades, cloth cloaks in
aff colours, beautifully trimmed Zouave jackets, and a
superb variety of elegant opera-cloaks. Rich silk and
fancy dresses at nearly one-third the original price. Every
article will he marked in plain figures.—The Great Shawl
and Cloak Emporium, 171, 173, 175, Regent-street, W.--
(Advt.)
AINICENA FT UTILIA.—" Amongst those visited we found
none more deserving a special mention than the products
of Mr. J. W. Benson. of 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill. The
beauty and novelty of his designs, engraved on the cases of
his watches, which he now appears to give especial atten-
tion to, certainly surpass anything of the kind which hag
heretofore come under our inspection. The variety of his
stock is something enormous. Not only may the connois-
seur here meet with the moat exquisite design, but the
utilitarian will find an ample choice of plain watches ;
while each will find, in the high standing of Mr. Bensonas a City manufacturer, ample guarantee of the intrinsic
f
value of the mechanism. Here, indeed, may be 11
buyer's desiderata in--excellence of design and poeurfection
in workmanship."' —Morning Chronicle. —Benson's Illus-
trated Pamphlet, post free for two stamps, is de.scriptive of
every construction of watch now made. Watches safe by
post to all parts of the globe.

v,

METROPOLITAN CATTLE MA KET.

THE GREAT DAY.

The unusually high prices at which all kinds of
really prime stock have been selling during nearly
the whole of the present year induced the opinion
in more than one quarter that the show here to-day,
for Christmas consumption, would be an unusually
good one, and, as to number, considerably in excess
of some previous corresponding periods, the scarcity
of really good food in most parts of the country
notwithstanding. In some respects this impression
was well grounded ; but we confess that this has
not proved the best exhibition of its kind held in
the metropolis. In the first place we may remark
that there was an unusually large number of young
animals shown ; and in the second, that the merits
of some of the older stock were not equal
,to last
year. High quotations for beef, the result of a great
increase in the consumption of food, have, of course,
stimulated production to an extent beyond which
it would seem scarcely safe for the general commu-
nity. True, it may b 3 more profitable to "force
rather than feed," so far as the graziers' interests
are concerned ; but the question yet to be solved is,
are we really progressing in the right direction ?
It would, of course, be unjust to condemn the sys-
tem of crossing, if not carried too far, because
crosses between the Scots and short-horns were
exhibited here this morning which equalled in
weight, quality, and symmetry the purest Scots,
Devons, and Herefords; indeed, we may say, with-
out hesitation, that they were full of the
best butchers' points. Without, therefore, con-
demning the system, which no doubt has proved a
most profitable one to those who have carried it
out successfully, let us hope that eventually it will
not leave consumption dependent upon a mongrel
supply of stock. The crosses, then, brought forward
on this occasion formed no unimportant portion of
the show. Next in order to this particular descrip-
tion of stock we may place the short horns.
Amongst them we observed scarcely any inferior
animals ; indeed, we may observe that in number
they were very large, and that their condition was,
if anything, superior to the supply on offer in 1859.
Perhaps, however, Lincolnshire has this season
suffered less from want of pasture food than in the
previous year. In considering the Herefords we
may observe that, though there was a fair number
of really useful beasts amongst them, we observed
a falling off in their general weight and condition.
This is to be regretted, because all must be aware
in this progressive age of the great importance of
keeping up the pure blood of the country. As
regards the Devons, nearly the same observations
may be applied to them. But how is it that Devon-
shire should of late years fall short of its usual
amount of supply ? Are higher prices realised at
home than in this market ? or do 'the graziers
think it more profitable to sell month by month
rather than forward a large number of beasts to
London on one particular occasion? We cannot
presume otherwise than that there are now more
beasts disposed of in the county than in many years
past, hence the deficiency here to-day. We feel
gratified in being able to state that the show of
Sussex beasts—most of them being of noble pro-
portions, but perhaps rather too old for general
purposes, though they carried an immense supply
of good consumable food—was larger than during
the last five years. This, we may observe, is an
important point gained from the now distinctive
but not over liberal premiums offered by the Smith-
field Club. If we mistake not, Sussex will even-
tually, with a fair field before it, produce far
greater wonders than were shown on the pre-
sent occasion. On a close examination of the
Scots, whether Aberdeenshires or West High-
landers, we must admit that they were never
excelled. Those forwarded to Messrs. Maidwell
and Llayland-27 in number—and those to Mr.
John Lumsden-10 in number—by Mr. William
M'Combie, of Tillyfour, Aberdeenshire, were some
of the best we have ever seen. But why did not
Mr. M'Combie allow his noble animals to grace
the show-yard in Baker-street ? Their value might
not have been enhanced by the change in the place
of exhibition, but certainly we should have been
more pleased to have seen them there than
in the open market. The show of Scots and
crosses from Norfolk was an unusually good
one. It comprised stock of fine symmetry,
great weight, but of very moderate age.
There were very few polled beasts from that or
the adjoining county—Suffolk. The Welsh runts,
though few in number, were in unusually prime
condition, consequently realised high quotations.
As regards other breeds from various parts of Eng-
land, we may observe that they were, for the most
part, in middling condition. There was a full
average number of Irish beasts on offer via Liver-