The Sun.
London, England, 1858-06-17 00:00:00

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THE STATE OF FRANCE.

(From the Times)

The state of affairs in France since the attentat of the
14th of January last has f xh ibited a gradual and steady
decline, equally painful to those who witness and fraught
with anxious considerati 3n to those who feel the in-
creasing weight with which the Government presses on
its subject,. We may have been—we hope we have
been—mistaken ; but it certainly has appeared to us as
if the French Government since that unhappy day has
divided its attention between measures of precaution,
which no one can blame it for-adopting, and attempts to
inspire terror which involuntarily carry back the mind
to a period of history which we had hoped was sealed up,
never to be reopened. The law with regard to suspected
persons was not required as an authority for the Em-
peror of the French to deal with those whom he might
think obnoxious to his Government in any manner that
he might think proper ; he already possessed, and had
frequently exercised, the amplest and most unlimited
control over the liberties of his subjects ; but, if the law
was not required to extend the power of the Govern-
ment, it, at any rate, served as a useful engine to work
upon the fears of the people. The military regime in-
augurated by the division of the Empire into five dis-
tinct commands was another direct appeal to the fears
of the public, and a third and not less significant demon-
stration was made by the appointment of General Es-
pinasse to the Ministry of the Interior. The previous his-
tory of the General was not favourable to the hopes of
there who sigh under the present system of repression,
and conveyed, as it probably was meant to convey, pre-
sages of ill-omen to those who by any one of a hundred
ways might have rendered themselves obnoxious to Im-
perial suspicion.
The f ,rtune of General E4pinasse was made by the
happy coincidence that he was the officer on whom de-
volved the melancholy duty of turning the National
Assembly out of the place of refuge which it had sought
for Itself, and trampling out under the feet of his sol-
diers the last sparks of a freedom so dearly purchased
and so briefly and turbulently enjoyed. From that
period, with the exception of his unhappy reconnais-
sance in the Dobrudecha, we hear nothing of him till we
fin I him established in the Ministry of the Interior,—to
give, we suppose, to that dep,rtment a military vigour
and promptness which his predecessor was not thought
to possess. During his tenure of office the General
devoted hthe im scooluf toconspirators,
rs
irtalitoorefressive part of his duty ; be
decimated the members of secret
tesotchiestßeiesp,ubauliedanslhee-
times, in the height of his enthusiasm, he is said to have
punished the innocent, in order the more effectually to
terrify the guilty. His Ministry we* regarded as a formal
and distinct proof of the ascendancy of force ; it symbo-
lized only too faithfully the predominance of the mili-
tary over the civil element ; it whowed the fears of the
Government and the entire helplessness of the
people. Bad as has been the fate of the French press
since the °crap d'etat, its miseries have been aggravated
tenfold under the control of its military censor, and the
roughness of the camp and the garrison was imported
into the quiet chambers of a public office. What good
General E4pinasse may have done we know not, and
shall never know ; the evil that he has accomplished is
plain enough, lie has during his short administration
drawn down upon himself and his Government a vast
amount of unpopularity, and tightened the cord to a
point at which it seems impossible to maintain it, and
very dangerous indeed to relax it. It then, with
great satisfaction we learn that this military winker
has been displaced to make room for M. Wangle, who,
if he have shown himself a very scrupulous instrument
of the Imperial Government, is, at any rate, a lawyer of
eminence, and accustomed to appeal to other principles
than terror and restraint.
The change is a well advised and prudent one, but it
has come not a day too soon. No Government, how-
ever powerful, can afford to live at the rate at which
the Government of France has been going on for the last
six months. We have waited long for symptoms of a
return to that moderation and good sense for which we
were once happy to give the French Government credit,
and we recognise a step in the right direction in the
dismissal of M. E4pinasse. We hope that this may
not be the last step la this direction, but only
the precursor of other steps as easy an as urgently
I needed. It is not our province to meddle in
the internal affairs of France, but we may be pardoned
for expressing the opinion that a Power which makes
itself lees continuou-ly and overwhelmingly felt is likely
to be of longer duration. We trust aleo'that a return to
a less repressive system of government may be accom-
panied with indications of a more friendly feeling towards
this country than has recently prevail,d. We hope, in
fact, that things will be allowed to return to their old
state, such as It was before the 14th of January,—such
as it ought to have been up to this hour, if people hail
listened to the dictates of reason and good sense, rather
than rushed into violent extremes under the influence of
fear and irritation. We believe that in this country
there is every disposition to put the best construction
on the acts of the Emperor of the French. We are
only too anxious to in lieve that be is our good friend
and faithful ally, and we gladly -welcome an event like
the dismissal of General Espinasse, as tending to re-
alise our convictions and confirm our hopes. We trust
that, as the sword has been laid aside in the civil govern-
ment, we may speedily witness a return to a pacific
attitude on the part of France, which may save us from
the unwelcome necessity of arming in a time of profound
peace, tbat we may not be at the mercy of a powerful
neighbour. At any rate, we may rejoice reasonatiy
over the good things of to-day, without embarra sing
ourselves with too curious speculations up)n the pos.
sib e events of to-morrow.

THE OVERLAND MAIL.

BOMBAY, MAY 19.

The following telegrams, giving an account of
Sir Hugh Rose's victory over tha rebels, will be
read with interest :
FROM MAJOR-GENERIL SIR HUGH ROSE, K.C.8.,
DATED KOONCII, BTH MAY, 1858.
"About four or five thnusand mutinous sepoys from
Calpee, three thousand Bundeelas, and one thousand
&wary, and four hundred Velaities, with some guns,
had occupied Kovach fcr the parpose of opposing my
march to CATO& Koonch is a large and open town, but
difficult to attack, because it is concealed by woods, and
surrounded with 'gardens and temples with high wall°.
"The rebels had thrown up strong entrenchments for
protecting the town from the Alta and Jhansi roads by
which my force was marching on it. I marched here
yesterday, and turned all these defenlea by making a
flank movement to the north-see-t, and. attacking the
town from that quarter with my f rce, and Major Orr's
field force,

"After having driven the enemy'. inf miry and cavalry
ont of the woods into the town with artillery fire, I
stormed the town with my first brigade in skirmishing
order, covered on each flank by cavalry and artillery—
my second brigade and Main Ocr's supporting. The
Ca!pee sepoys, seeing they were on the piLt of bang cut
off from Calpee, returned in a mass is that direction,
and the town was in our hands in less than an hour.

"I pursued the enemy with Horse Artillery an, i Cavalry
aLr more than eight na,les--the former firing int them, the
ter charging them. The artillery and cavalry were so
completely exhausted by the long day's morel), the intense
Veat, and the day's operatione, they could co no further.
• Among the slain are sepoys of the First, Second,
Third, Fourth, and Sevenths Reginaort;4 G Con-
tingent, of the 12th, N, 52d, and 56th Regiments Ben-
gal N. I , and Mehidpore
" We took eight gun', quantities of amunition, and
tents.

'•.I bad few killed and wounded, but some European
soldiers were killed', and others, as well as officers, were
struck by the sun, which OVAA 115. degrees i'i the shade.
I march on
,CA:lpee to-morrow."
Fitom MaJolt-OEN. SIR HUGH ROSE TO LORD
ELPUINSTONE, DATED ORATE, I ;TH . MAY, VIA
INDORE 13TH MAY. •

"Four more gene abandoned by the enemy in our
possession. The inhabitants_ of Oraie state that the
sepoys, after their defeat at. Koonch, passed through
there, ss ith-nsimerous wounded, in a state of despair,
decl*ring that an entire battalion, the 32 i Bengal N. 1.,
had been destroyod ; that now they bad no refuge but
the Juliana. The enemy's lo4s at Koonch, according to
to-day's account, was 700 killed, besides their wounded.
We would have destroyed nearly the whole of them,
only that the intense heat and the great fa.igue paralysed
the strength of both men_ and horses. Our casualties
were -- killed by the sun, and 47 wounded. Nu-
merous officers and men betides were struck by the sun,
and had to leave the ranks."

The following telegram was received by Lord
Elphinstone yesterday from Pooch, via Indore,
May 8, from Major-Gen. Sir IL Vote
"As soon as J banal and my nick and wounded—
whom I leave there--and the foal from Jhansi to
Goonah were secured from the advance of the Kotab
rebels, and the late garr:eon of Chandairee which made
incursions on that road after the capture of Jhauai, I
marched with the first brigade from Jhansi to Pooch
on Calpee. I had previously, on the 21st ultimo, cent
Major Gall, with two Evadrons of the 14th Dragoons
and three nine pounders on the road to Calpee to watch
the movements of the enemy, and to support Major
Orr, whom I had sent from Jhansi across the Betwa to
Mhow to clear that part of ties country of rebels, stated
to be there, with orders to rejoin rue on the road to
Calpee. Mejor Orr found no rebels at Mbow, but be-
yond Goorserai, near the Betwa, a little fort, Goorwai,
with 40 rebels and three mincr, surrendered to him.
I d rected Major Ore to advance to the Betwa and pre-
vent the passoge of the river by tee Reijehs of Bsopore
and Shahgur, and their March southward,. The two
Rajahs, leaving a portien of their force at Kotra, oppo-
site to Major Orr, crossed the river ti:gher up, and have
gone southwards with one gun and part of their force.
Maj 'r Orr crossed the river at Kotra, attacked the
rebels there, and took one gun. I sent Major Gall
from here against the garrison of Lobare-aghurre
with one gun belonging to the Rajah of Sumpter, be-
cause they had betrayed an outpost of Hyderabad
Cavalry to the rebel cavalry in KoonolL Major Gall
blew in the gute, stormed the ghurree, and killed all the
r bels in it, seventy-one is number. They were
disguised sepnys of the 12th Bengal N.I. and
fought to the last. My woad brigade, with ;he ex-
ception of the 1 age part of it left for the protection of
Jhansi, having joined me to-day, I march to-morrow
against Koonch, where Tantia Topee and the Ranee of
J hansi have concentrated a crusiderable force of sepoys
from Calpee—Vilaitees, regular andliregular mutinous
cavalry, for the purpose of opviing my march to Calpee.
Sir Robert Hamilton, at my `bequest, has, written to
General Whirloe: that it is *fry-desirable that his se-
cond brigade should move een and occupy the fort of
Thai Bahut or lilhow,• for ,I,Ffe purpose of opp-ising the
Rajahs of Baupore Shahgur. Thetbrigale would
also protect General Whilloa's rear."
The first trial trip on the railway frotrelChandalla
to Poonatook place on Saturday, the 15th inst. The
train, containing the officials, with a small party of
friends, left Kbandalla at 12.50 ; exactly seven
minutes were occupied in ascending the bill, which
gisotintvgo
tmeilews in
whole
elednigsttah T
n.
ceole total
fi42m ilet ms.weasotccwuophieoduirns
and 10 minutes—this inchuled four stoppages, each
of some duration—the train travelling from 30 to
40 miles an hour. The trill was quite satisfactory,
and the hue is to be opened fur public traffic on
the Ist of June. _

A fire, supposed to be the work of au incendiary,
broke out at the new railway station at Po ma,
-where the axtent of damage done amountr to be-
tween 3,000 and 4,000. rupees.
A thunder-storm of unusal violence, accompanied
by heavy rain and hail, prevailed _betwixt Khan •
dalla and Poona, and over' a considerable part of
the Deccan on the 15th inst. The day had been
one of uuuival heat. By two o'clock the wind
blew over the btirning plain like the breath of a
furnace. Thunder and lightning prevailed in all
directions—the electric dis :barges being all vertical
from the clouds to the ground. During the storm
the ghauts were lit up with fire-flies, doing their
utmost to imitate the lightning. These beautiful
little insects, by some strange concert amongst
themselves, flash out all their lamps simultaneously,
and the sight is grand beyond conception. On the
following morning every hollow contained a pool
or lake.

Madras was visited on the 4,.h inst. by a violent
hurricane, occasioning a large amount of shipwreck
and loss of life.

The elect io telegraph of Coylon, in connection
with the lines in India, is progre=sing favourably.
The length of the submarine cable which i 3 in-
tended to be laid down acros3 the Gulf of 111anaar
is 3) miles, and it is probable that in less than six
mouths Colombo will ba in altnos! instantaneous
communic ton with the three Indian Presidencies.
The first sod of the Col,mbo Railway will be
turned about the beginning of July next.
The weatheris fearfully hot jest now, and this is
a trying period to.EuropeAns. Thermometer often
at 120 in the shade.