The Sun.
London, England, 1867-08-23 00:00:00

CORRESPO

persed after sustaining losses and defeat. In
.Arragon great excesses hvae been committed by the
ex-General PIA RADO during his retreat to the French
frontier. The rest of the Peninsula is tranquil, it
is said, and none of the soldiers have joined
the movement. Still later news declare that
the Official Gazette proclaims reassuring intelligence
in reference to the insurrectionary movement in
Catalonia and Arragon, but in other places things
do not seem to be going on so smoothly, for the
military authorities in Madrid have published an
edict proclaiming a state of siege in Castile, and
advices from Madrid state that the city has been
declared in a state of siege. The previous attempt
at reassuring public opinion falls to the ground,
when the capital is thus placed in a
position of this sort. It is true that as yet no in-
surrectionary movement II has
but beenthen notwed ice
earn eithethat
r in
the capital or its enviro, l
these are only precautionary measures that are

being adopted.
The France of last evening publishes a telegram,
by which it appears that the greater portion of
Spain has been proclaimed in a state of siege,
still as a precautionary measure. It seems
pretty plain that this is a subterfuge,
for mere prudence could never dictate the aloption
of such extensive measures as these. It is stated,
in the course of these extraordinary accounts, thatii
the insurgents are undisciplined and insignificant ;
in point of fact, a mere rabble, who are being
hunted about the hills ; but it is a serious coinci-
dence that the Royal troops, in numerous bodies,
with horse and foot, are hurrying on to the
place of revolt, and urgently preparing for some
rough work or other. General PRIM is now held up
as the great danger, and it is said that he has ac-
tually reached the headquarters of the insurgents.
If this be true, affairs may reach a pretty pass
before long, and render it quite impossible for the
most ingenious devices to make out that the dis-
turbances are of no account. It does not require a
very sapient observer to determine the real mean-
ing of all this, for it is
an quite
that sooner or later
nt that the
country is ripe for revolt, d
there will be a regular revolt. Precautionary measures
may be taken for a long time, but they cannot
altogether repress the feelings that exist. A growing
hatred to the Government of Spain has been dis-
cernible for some time past, and it may not be
long before this is made so plain that the most per-
verse will not be able to contradict it, nor the
most plausible suggestions disguise the truth
from all beholders. If one half of what
these semi-official organs tell us were true, why
should such arbitrary measures be taken against a
population that was friendly to existing authorities?
But the:object. of all these intimations is to gloss
over things to gain time for events to take a more
favourable turn. That turn is not likely to be seen
yet awhile, for there is no secure foundation for the
Spanish Government in the respect or the confi-
dence of the community.

The trial of fifteen of the tailors on strike yester-
day, which ended in the conviction of thirteen of
them-for unlawful conspiracy, presented no very
new features. The same system of picketing, ha-
rassing, and annoying was proved against them as
against their leaders ; and although they were ably
defended, and the magistrate admitted that the
mere act of watching a house with the object of
ascertaining who was employed there, and arguing
with them, was not in itself illegal, the jury had
really very little cause for deliberation. It was
quite plain that the case had gone far beyond argu-
ment or persuasion, that threats and intimidation
had been used, and every available means employed
to hinder the non-unionists from filling the places
of those on strike. The mere fact of being watched
and followed by parties of men known to belong to

a powerful and not too scrupulous association was
of itself sufficiently alarming to deter timorous men
or women from prosecuting their work. The direct
object of the strike was to injure the masters, and
by making them lose money by their business being
at a stand-still to induce them to concede the
demands of the men. The unionists talk about
the legislative changes to be made for their
benefit, but what possible changes can help
them in extorting higher wages than an employer
chooses to give it is not easy to see. Unless an
Act of Parliament enacts that when men are on
strike their employer shall be obliged to suspend
business until they choose to work for him again,
or unless it be provided that all infractions of the
law are to be permissible to the members of Trades'
Unions, they will not gain much by legislation.
Arbitration would be no advantage to men who
cannot endure any rival in authority or power. It
cannot be too widely understood that it is the in-
terest of the men rather than the masters which
is concerned in these trials. No doubt employers
in all trades have been much to blame in many in-
stances. In fact, before the men had found out
their strength by combination they were often
oppressed and not fairly remunerated. But the
danger is now altered. The masters are very un-
likely at the present day to attempt to grind down
their men ; they are far more likely, as has been
proved in Sheffield, to make weak concessions
for the sake of keeping peace. There is no longer
so strong a union among employers as formerly.
Competition in all trades has grown so strong,
foreign rivals are so formidable, and their goods
so easily attainable, that they cannot, as they
think, afford to risk a strike, and thus,
unless there be a large question at issue involving
the risk of heavy pecuniary loss, the men are likely
to get their own way without much trouble. It is
so in all the minor cases affecting themselves, such
as the employment of a given number of appren-
tices, the purchase of tools, the subscription to the
unions, &c. The masters, when the question is
raised, are more anxious to see that their own en-
gagements are not interrupted than to take care of
the individual rights of workmen. This was abun-
dantly shown in the evidence before the Royal Com-
mission, which proved that men of superior abilities
could not hope to retain employment, however use-
ful to their employers, if the unionists set their
faces against it. The employment of non-unionists
is just one of those cases in which the interests of
the workmen suffer. With very few exceptions the
masters employ the union men, and the few who
try to break the spell often get weary of the struggle
and give up. Thus the unions, so far from protect-
ing the rights of the workmen, really base their
strength upon fear. The masters employ Union
men for fear of hindrance and disturbance to their
business, and consequent loss. The men join the
Union, because, if they do not, they have great
difficulty in finding employment, and are every-
where at a disadvantage. When the spokesmen of
the Unions talk about their immense numerical
strength, we should like to know how many have
joined voluntarily, and how many because they
could not help it, or feared the consequences of
standing aloof. As Mr. Serjeant BALLAN-
TINE yesterday observed, it is as much for
the interest of the workmen as of the
masters that the present system of terrorism
should cease. The principle of combination has
been carried to an excess which threatens, now that
the public attention is aroused, to break up the
unions altogether. From a protective association
they have become an absolute and irresponsible
power, enunciating, in the name of the workmen,
theories which no master would dare to maintain.
The leaders are anxious to maintain their as-
cendancy, and Mr. POTTER, in his recent letter,
urges upon all the new constituencies to return
men who will support the Unions; so that we
are to have the Unions obtruding
_them-
selves into Parliament, and all our legislation,
national, foreign, and domestic, is to be measured
by their standard. We have too much reliance on
the good sense and right feeling of the classes newly
admitted to the franchise to believe they would
make so unworthy a use of their privileges as to
narrow their views of the public good to the dic-
tates of any body of men whatever.
Mr. BROADHEAD yesterday received a lesson
which appears to have been much needed. It
seems quite impossible to convince that gentleman
aanry flaw
e justified
fine
dh co nl
odoukcito,hig or
utphoant
sa t
ft
ohlelroew
eisrs
him with aversion and horror. Perhaps
according to the old adage of judging others by our-
selves, he thinks that what he has done all men would
do if they thought it to their interest, and had the
opportunity and the courage. He applied for a
renewal of his licence, and when it was very na-
turally refused by the bench, his
solicitor was quite
ready with law and argument,
and
reproach and
appeal to dispute their decision. Mr. BROADIIEAD
has been, said his representative, a licensed victual-
ler for about 20 years, during which time no com-
plaint has been made against him. Further, under-
standing that the proceedings before the Commission
of Inquiry had something to do with the matter,
the solicitor produced the certificate of
indemnity,
which he contended guarded his client against all
consequences—civil, criminal, or social, which
might otherwise result from the disclosures. With
all due respect to the commission and the commis-
sioners, we may safely affirm that it is simply im-
possible to guarantee a man from the consequences
of his acts ! The social relations are beyond law ;
and if we take the matter in its legal aspect quite
enough was proved against BROADIIEAD by
other parties to condemn him. Had it
been otherwise we should not have had much
of his evidence. If a man proved guilty of
such enormous crimes is to be admitted as a fit and
proper person for a license our standard of public
morality must be low indeed ! Moral reprobation,
says Mr. SUGG, has nothing to do with the case, and
no doubt his client is somewhat at a loss to under-
stand the meaning of the phrase. Nevertheless,
there is such a thing as a moral sense left in
England, and we trust that the honest indignation
of his fellow-townsmen will awaken Mr. BROAD-
HEAD from his comfortable security that right and
wrong are all alike so long as they escape the law,
and that a certificate of indemnity is the same
,ping as a certificate of character.

The Queen has been pleased to confer upon
Major• Greig, Chief Constable, of Liverpool, the civil
honour of Companion Of the B,,th. This is understood to
be a recognition of his able services in connection with
the suppression of the Fenian outbreak.
POST-OFFICE ROBBERIES.--For some time past
complaints have been received by the Postmaster-General
of letters containing money and other valuable property
being missed from the Dorchester branch office, and a short
time ago Mr. W. E. Ilows..m, travelling inspector of the
missing letter branch, proceeded there for the purpose of
making inquiries respecting tho matter. Having obtained
a clue, he made up several " test letters," addressed to
Bridgwater, Bristol, and other places, for which the letters
would have to pass through and be sorted at the Dorchester
, office, and the result has been that a young man named
James Burgess, whose parents are respectably connected in
Reading, has been arrested on a charge of stealing two re-
gistered letters, the money, which ha'i been marked by the
inspector, having been found in his possession. He was
brought before, the borough magistrates on Wednesday,
and the evidence having b%-,en ti.lien, he was committed for
trial on both charges of the WAt Porcheeter Assizes in
March next•

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Thursday Evening.
The Cabinet Ministers assembled in council yes-
day at the hotel of the Keeper of the Seals, Minister
of Justice, and Public Worship.
The evening Moniteur has some interesting new
facts and commentaries upon foreign incidents.
That journal says :
" Public opinion in Austria is much moved at the
delicate and noble idea which inspired the journey
of the Emperor Napoleon to that country. The
public are right in seeing in it not only homage to
the memory of a Prince who is the object of univer-
sal regret, but a proaf of the sentiments of high
esteem and friendship which the two Monarchs
mutually exhibit towards each other.
" A few days before his departure for Salzburg
the Emperor Francis Joseph gave an audience to
members of the two'delegations of the Reichsrath of
Vienna and the Diet of Pesth. They expressed to
his Majesty the hope that, thanks to a mutual spirit
of goodwill, those two assemblies will agree respect-
ing the regulation of affairs in common connected
with the Austrian Monarchy, and will consecrate,
in a practical point of view, the compromise so
happily suggested between the Crown and the
Magyar nation. Their labours were animated by
a spirit of patriotism.
"The Federal Council has commenced its sittings
at Berlin. Count Bismarck presided at the inaugu-
ration on the 15th inst. Several official documents,
among others the Customs Treaty with the Southern
States, were communicated to the assembly.
" The King of Greece, George the First, who is
now in London, will shortly return to Denmark,
and from thence will proceed to St. Petersburg,
where will be celebrated in the course of the month
of September his marriage with the Grand Duchess
Olga, daughter of the Grand Duke Constantine,
and niece of the Emperor Alexander of Russia.
" The King of Sweden on leaving Paris went to
Holland to meet the Queen his wife, who is the
daughter of Prince Frederic, uncle of the King of
the Netherlands. Their Swedish Majesties then
proceeded to Berlin, where they arrived on Monday
ast.

"King Victor Emmanuel has given his assent to the
law relative to the liquidation of ecclesiastical pro-
perty. Tranquillity continues to reign in the Pon-
tifical States, and the agitation which extreme par-
ties endeavoured to foment in Italy has hitherto had
no other effect than to display the good sense of the
Roman population and their regard for the Holy
Father.
" Some time ago a Ministerial crisis appeared to
be imminent at Bucharest. The anticipation has
now been realised. The rigorous treatment of
the Jews seems to have had something to do with
the crisis. Upon the refusal of M. Bosiano to ac-
cept the office, Prince Charles confided the task of
forming a new Cabinet toll Etienne Golesco."
In the course of Tuesday the Emperor Napoleon,
accompanied by Field Marshal the Prince de la
Taxis, went to pay a visit to King Louis 1., of
Bavaria, at Leopoldskron. Tne Grand Duke of
Hesse, who had arrived on the previous evening,
was also present. The King Louis 1., to whom the '
visit was made by the Emperor, was born at Stras-
bourg on the 25th of August, 1786. After having
occupied the throne of Bavaria for 23 years, he
' abdicated in favour of his son King Maximilian, on
the 20th of March, 1848. He is the grandfather of
the present King of Bavaria. His sister, the Prin-
cess Auguste Amelie, married Prince Eugene de
Beauharmais, in 180 G. The Empress of the
French, accompanied by the Empress Elizabeth,
has paid a visit of condolence to the Archduchess
Sophia, at Ischl. It was a formal but cordial visit
to Maximilian's mother.
The Paris papers continue to expend conjectures
and flights of imagination in regard to the sup-
posed objects of the interview at Salsbourg be-
tween the two Emperors. As to the Austrian
papers they deny that Austria has any desire
or intention to contract any engagement with
the Emperor .Napoleon in reference to Ger-
\
many. Austria, they say, will not
.t .ke
any step which might precipitate a war.
The only circumstance which would induce
Austria to enter into a strict and formal treaty
with France would be the conclusion of such a
treaty between Russia and Prussia.
Oa the other hand, M. Bismarck's organ, the
Gazette of Northern Germany, contains an im-
portant article, the object of which is to create a
belief that there is nothing political in the meeting
of the Sovereigns at Salzbourg. That paper says :
—tilt would be to display all the want of tact ex-
hibited by some journalists to attribute to the
Emperor Napoleon any ulterior view in his visit, or
to imagine the preparation of an alliance with
Austria precisely at the moment when the imperial
family of that empire still mounts for the tragical
end of one of its members implicated in the pro-
gress of French political events, and when the poli-
tical situation of Europe does.not invite such an
alliance in any possible way." The
refers to the recent article in the Journal des Debats,
of which I
gave you an outline,
and
describesGazettethen
the
view attributed to Austria as a hash of old absur-
absur-
dities. It adds—" As to the treaty of Prague,
Prussia maintains her rights in reference to it in
the most conscientious manner, and it is precisely
that treaty which would prevent Austria from re-
suming her sway over the Federal affairs of Ger-
many." The Gazette then refers to the supposition
of a treaty between Prussia and Russia, and says
that such a treaty would not be thought of by
Prussia unless it were first required by the provo-
cation of her adversaries.
The Journal des Debats has a commentary upon
this article, the assertions of which it describes as
" rather bold," meaning, it is to be presumed, that
there is no foundation for them.
Au affecting ceremony took place on Tuesday, the
Archbishop of Paris having pronounced a benedic-
tion over the new charitable schools in the quarter
of the Muette ; 2,500 children were present, grouped
by school and division. After the pastoral blessing
prizes were awatded. A peculiar solemnity
was given
to the proceedings by the presence of three eminent
prelates of the East and their suite, the Archbishop
of Tyre and Sidon, the Archbishop of Balbert, and
1 the Emir of the Maronites, the venerable patriarch
of Antiocha. They were desirous to give to the
inhabitants of the 16th arrondissement a mark of
their peculiar interest, and to express to their
mayor, Baron de Bonnemains, their thanks for the
devoted assistance they had given to their country
by representing it at the Universal Exhibition.
A German paper says that a breviary of St.
Reni, Archbishop. of ' Rheims, has just been dis-
covered at Prague.
Cardinal Rodriguey,'Patriarch of Lisbon, has
just died in that city in his 67th year.
The shooting season will commence in the central
districts of France on tho Ist of September, and on
the other parts on the 10th of the month.
For a few days an article of surpassing beauty
and manufacturing skill has been the wonder and
admiration both of English and French at the Ex-
hibition. It is the Tennyson Vase, which has come
from the famed establishment of Messrs. C. F.
Hancock, Son, and Co., of Burton-street, and was
manufactured expressly for the Exhibition, although
circumstances delayed its arrival there. It is a vase
of large dimensions, costly, and of exquisite form
.and manufacture. It is in massive silver, partly
gilt, and was designed and modelled by the cele-
brated sculptor, 11. 11. Artnstead. This great work
of art is intended to illustrate the " Death of
Arthur " and " Guinevre." The first subject of
the medallion is the conflict between King Arthur
and Sir Modre. The second medallion represents
the " sombre barque." The figures of Merlin and
Guinevre are peculiarly expressive. Among the
other details are two monstrous dragoons fighting.
Round the base is a bas-relief, representing angels
chanting the morning carol on Christmas day. The
French papers, usually very cautious of giving the
superiority to English artizaus of objects of taste
and luxury, eulogize this production as a chef
dvuvre, and even the Muniteur, which may be con-
sidered as speaking in the character of an official
writer, could not help paying its tribute of admira-
tion, thus admitting that there is nothing superior
to this yasQ at the Exhibition. Mom, Lincock