The Sun.
London, England, 1867-10-25 00:00:00

'IIIE SUN, LONDON. FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 1867

" the, existence of such places is a reproach
to England, a scandal and a curse to a
country which calls itself civilised and Christian."
It is not a matter of surprise that these details and
the comments thereon should have awakened notice
in many directions ; and we find one of the guar-
dians, in a letter to the Times of Wednesday,
making some important remarks. Mr. WIGHTMAN
declares that still more revolting details might have
been added to those already cited with perfect truth,
and that although the visitors' book may record no
indignant protest, some of the guardians have
made efforts to improve the state of things, but to
no purpose. Their influence has not been equal to
that of the Poor•law I refer to, much less of the
Poor-law Board. The present Poor-law system,
he adds, amounts to this, that " they guard the
doors of their workhouses with the most determined
vigilance against the poor, the sick, and the infirm."
We find some more remarks made by the author
of the Lancet report of the Farnham Workhouse,
in which be points out the cause of many of the
evils that are so constantly met with in the ad-
ministration of our Poor-law system. He says
that men like Lord DERBY, Mr. HARDT, and Mr.
VILLIERS:arO not to blame; they are not the agents,
but only the instruments. "But the permanent
staff of the Poor-law Board, which teaches suc-
cessive presidents their lessons, is composed, with
one or two exceptions, exclusively of men whose
whole animus is the wish to keep them quiet at any
cost, and it is the permanent officials of the Poor-
law Board who have invented and industriously
disseminated the doctrine that sickness is a crime
if it lead to dependence on the rates." No doubt
there is a great deal of truth in all this, and the
sooner the attention of Parliament is called to the
matter, with a view of a vigorous reform, the better.
The best way to look at the thing is this—How
does the system at present in vogue affect the wel-
fare of the poorer classes? Is it not well known
that the union is a terror to the poor, and that life is
often sacrificed on account of the repugnance
which exists to enter these dismal abodes. The con-
dition of our workhouses has for some time past
been a source of great regret and anxiety to all who
feel an interest in the poor, especially the aged,
infirm, and sick members of the community. It is
surely, then, not unfeasonable to hope that some
change for the better will shortly be effected, and
the sooner the remedial agency is set at work the
better for the character of a Christian country, and
the reputation of all concerned in their manage-
ment.

It is interesting to compare the different views
taken by different speakers of the same events in
the past and their varying estimates of the probable
occurrences in the future. Very often we find
plausible and confident statements absolutely con-
tradictory of each other made by gentlemen who
are alike shrewd and observant, but who look
through different mediums. The one rejoices over
a glorious political emancipation, while the other
is deploring the ruin of the country. The one
chafes at intolerable oppression, while the other
is gratified to acknowledge the force of prudent
and judicious restraints. The one is convinced that
it is only by remaining in absolute quiescence that
we can_secure the permanence of our institutions ;
the other is positive that unless we make vigorous
changes in every direction our most cherished tra-
ditions will soon be things of the past. Happily
for the country at large these opposing forces gene-
rally counteract each other pretty evenly. The
energy of the restless and dissatisfied spirits keeps
the political world from stagnation, while the pru-
dence of the slower and more timorous nature
serves to check the too rapid revolution of the
wheels. Also both sides are apt to forget that
they alike form part of the nation, which
is composed of mixed minds and characters, so that
we generally end, in spite of the most direful warn-
ings and the most impassioned invectives, by adopt-
ing a very safe middle course. It must be some
consolation to those who seriously believe the
alarming prognostications which are never very
long silent in eventful times to remember that
within the memory of this generation we have been
alternately threatened with absolute democracy and
wholesale revolution, and with the total extinction
of civil liberty in England. If we are to believe
the Fenians, indeed, a considerable portion of
our people groan under the most intolerable
oppression, and if we are to credit some of our
orators, we have good reason to apprehend the
subversive effects of the Reform Bill. Earl DE
GREY is one of those who are not quite pleased at
the aspect of affairs ; and if the outlines which he
sketches for us are to be filled up in the manner he
anticipates the prospect is not a very encouraging
one. Luckily, we may believe that his Whig aver-
sion to a comprehensive change has influenced his
impressions, and that the misgivings which he evi-
dently feels, though he will not openly acknowledge
them, will be dissipated on a little further
experience. Lord DE GREY thinks the broad result
of the Act of 1867 will be to place the institutions
of this country for the first time upon a democratic
basis. The Act of 1832, which saved the country
from revolution, placed the preponderance of poli-
tical power in the hands of the middle classes ; but
the preponderance of power had now been placed
in the hands of those who were accustomed to be
called the working classes. Such is his belief, and
while he professes to believe that the experiment
may work to the advantage of the country, he evi-
dently anticipates a great and sudden change.
No greater delusion, he says, can exist
than to expect that those new classes
who have been admitted to the franchise
would not have their own views, and interests, and
opinions. No.doubt they will have them, but there
is very little reason to apprehend that their views,
opinions, and interests on given matters will be es-
sentially different from those of all classes above
them. The people have been clamouring all this
time for reform in the representative system, not for
reform of the whole constitution. They do not
want to see the abolition of the House of Lords or the
adoption of American institutions. They are satisfied
on the whole with the Government of the country,
but they want to have a voice in it. If the great
body of the English people had been dissatisfied
with their Constitution it would not have remained
intact till now. It is because the great majority of
all classes love and honour it that it has remained
so steadfast. Because their first thought i❑ con-
templating any reform is how best to avoid revolu-
tion, it has gone on suffering litt'e change in its
broad principles, lioweva much it may have been
adapted to the circumstances of the times. The
fact i.i that great reforms in any particular, whe-
ther social, legal, political, financial, or ecclesiastical,
seldom proceed from the many. They are the work
of a more intelligent or far-seeing few, who by
persevering effort, bring the public mind into har-
mony with their own. The House of Commons, as
at present constituted, is in many respects in advance
of the classes whom it represents; they in their turn
are in advance of the classes below them. We see
this very strongly shown in the question of monopo-
lies. Everybody abuses monopolies in theory, but
it requires some political education for a man to
surrender his own vested interests in practice. It was
long before the middle classes agreed to surrender

the monopolies of English trade; but years after
they have done so we find the working classes
maintaining monopolies of their own. The work-
men of Manchester might have thronged the Free-
Trade Hall to cheer COBDEN when denouncing the
Corn Laws in 1845, but they will not set Salford
bricks in Manchester in 1867. We must not expect
a political Utopia because we have got
new voters any more than we need fear a
political pandemonium. 'We find that those
who, from their position, know most about the
character of the working classes generally take this
view. At a political dinner at Colchester the ocher
evening, Mr. KAesLAKE, M.P., and Major JERVIS,
M.P., delivered addresses on the same subject as
Earl DE GREY, but they inclined to a more cheer-
ful view of the situation. Major JERVIS said that
he had seen a good deal of the working man as a
labourer in the fields, as a soldier and as a mechanic,
and he had always found him ready to act with
those under whom he served. " The mechanic, the
soldier, and the labourer had the same interest in
the country as the upper class. This was the view
with which he supported the Reform Bill of this
year." Mr. KARSLAKE, in a very able and interest-
ing speech, said very truly that it was not the work-
ing classes whom they had to fear, but the profes-
sional agitators. However, we may fairly trust the
common sense of the constituents, old and new, to
keep these gentry from doing any serious mischief ;
and if, as Mr. KARSLAKE quoted from Mr. GLAD-
STONE, it is the neglect of their duties by the gen-
tlemen of England which has thrown power into
the hands of the demagogues, it is all the more
reason to strengthen the ties between classes, and
to show the great body•of thinking, feeling work-
ing men that those above them in social position are
prepared to recognise and to acknowledge their
common interest in their common country.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FRO3I OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Thursday Evening.

There was a Cabinet Council at the Palace of
St. Cloud yesterday morning at the early hour of
half-past nine. The Emperor presided as usual, and
the Empress was present.
There was not time yesterday to give particulars
of the reception of the Emperor of Austria. On
his arrival at the station he was enthusiastically
greeted by an immense assemblage, including vast
numbers of eminent personages. Two regiments of
infantry of the line, with flags and their bands,
and a battalion of foot chasseurs, under the com-
mand of General Soumain, commandant of the
Place of Paris, formed a guard of honour within
and without the station. The procession was com-
posed of eight carriages, each drawn by two horses,
a platoon of the squadron of the Cent-Guards, com-
manded by a Lieutenant, and a squadron of the
Regiment of Carabineers of the Imperial Guard.
The Imperial carriages containing the Emperor
Francis Joseph and the Emperor Napoleon fol-
lowed the Caribineers and Equerries. In the
second carriage were the two Archdukes Charles
Louis and Louis Victor, Prince Napoleon and
Prince Joachim Murat. In the third carriage were
Count de Belegarde, aid-de-camp of the Emperor
of Austria, Baron de Beust, and Count Andrassy.
The fourth carriage contained Prince de Metternich
Winneberg, Baron de Hornstein, Grand Marshal
of the Ceremonies at the Austrian Court, the Duke
de Gramont, and General Fleury. In the fifth
carriage were the Councillor of State, Chevalier de
Braun, Colonel Chevalier de Beck, General
Casteluau, and Count de Rayneval. In the sixth
carriage were aides-de-camp of the Emperor of
Austria and Count Regnaud de St. Jean-d'Angely.
In the seventh carriage were Major Prince Parr,
aide-de-camp of the Emperor, and officers of the
staff. In the eighth carriage followed Lieut. Baron
de Doty, Aulic Councillor Baron de Genotte, Capt.
Viscount de Lauriston, and Captain de Lasalee.
The two regiments of dragoons in garrison in
Paris, with their standards, under the orders of the
General commanding the brigade of cavalry, was
stationed in column by squadrons in the Palace de
la Concorde. In the avenue des Champs Elysees
the line was formed right and left by regiments of
Voltigeurs of the Imperial Guard.
On arriving at the Palace of the Elysdes the
Empress and the Imperial Prince were in readiness
to receive the Emperor of Austria and the Arch-
dukes when they left their carriages. Her Majesty
was accompanied by Princess Maria Clotilde Napo-
leon and the Princess Matilda, Prince and Princess
Lucien Murat, Prince Lucien Napoleon Bonaparte,
Princess Joachim Murat, and Prince and Princess
Napoleon Charles Bonaparte.
Their Majesties and the Princes and Princesses
proceeded to the Saloon of Honour.
The Emperor of Austria then presented to the
Emperor and Empress Baron de Beust and the per-
sonages comprising
his suite.
The Empress in her turn presented to the Empe-
ror of Austria the ladies of her household. The
Emperor Napoleon then presented to his Imperial
Royal and Apostolical Majesty the officers of the
Crown and the Imperial household. The Emperor
and Empress then returned to the Palace of St.
Cloud.

A slight sketch of our present illustrious visitor to
Paris may not be unacceptable.
Francis Joseph,
Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia, was born
on the 18th of April, 1830, and is therefore in his
38th year. The elder brother of the Emperor of
Austria was the unfortunate Maximilian. The
elder of the two Arch Jukes, his brothers, who ac-
company him, is the Archduke Charles Louis, aged
34. He was born on the 30th of July, 1833. The
other brother, the Archduke Louis Victor, is scarcely
25, for he was born on the 15th May, 1842. The
Emperor has all the characteristics of the race of
the Hapsburgs. Ile is tall, fair, and very much
resembles the late Emperor Maximilian. He has
large, piercing blue eyes. The Emperor cultivates
a moustache and has bushy whiskers. The last in-
terview which the Emperor Napoleon had with the
Emperor Francis Joseph previous to yesterday was
at Villafranca on the 11th of July, 1859, when a
conference took place between the two Emperors
upon the subject of the conclusion of peace which
succeeded the campaign of Italy. The Austrian flag
yesterday floated gaily and proudly over the sta-
tion of the Eastern Railway in honour of the Em-
peror. It is a yellow flag, fringed with green, red,
and white.
The King of Prussia returned to Berlin yesterday
from his visit to the Grand Duchy of Baden. The
Princes of the Royal family and the authorities of
the city were in waiting at the station to receive his
Majesty.
King Charles the 15th of Sweden, who has suf-
fered much from the surgical operation which he
recently underwent, is now almost entirely restored
to health. _ _

Some lists of the composition of the new Italian
Ministry are in circulation, but they are suppositious
and anticipatory, for I understand that the Govern-
ment has not yet received officially an exact account
of the names of the Diplomatists who form part of
it. There is a report that some difficulty h.a arisen
in the formation of the new Cabin,t, and that M.
Cialdini has made offers to several well-known
statesmen, who have refused t•o join his Ministry.
I believe there is now no doubt whatever that
Garibaldi has left Caprera. Where he is seems still
to be a secret.

There is not a word of reliable news to-day in
reference to the general state of affairs in Italy.
There is no account whatever from Rome. Various
contradictory versions about the insurgents me
published by some of the papers. One states that
bands are still on the march, and that the invasion
of Rome will take place, come what may. Other
despatches are confirmatory of the previous state-
ment, that not a single Garibaldian is now to be
found upon the Pontifical terrritory. An estimate
may be formed of the real value of all those accounts
from the fact that the telegraphic wires in most
districts around Row) aro either out of working

order or have been cut by the authorities or by the
partisans of the insurgents.
A telegram has been received from Wiesbaden
announcing the death of M. Conder, a leading actor
of the Varidtes, from inflammation of the lungs.
M. Conder went to Wiesbaden to enjoy his usual
holiday and recruit his strength after the laborious
duties of his profession.
" Glorious summer" has returned for to-day. We
have had a beautiful midsummer sky since sunrise,
and the temperature and general aspect has been
that of June.

A Russian paper received in Paris to-day states
that great sensation has been produced in St. Peters-
burg in consequence of the death of AI. Tschivileff,
a tutor in the employ of the Imperial family, who is
supposed to have been murdered under frightful
circumstances.

There is another rise in the price of bread in Paris.
It is only a fraction, or the fifth part of a sou, in the
pound of bread, but it is already so dear, and so
much bread is consumed by all classes, that the fact
has created great dissatisfaction.
The Roman Prince, Antonio Santa Croce, died a
few days ago at Florence.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.

QUEENSTOWN, Oct. 25.

The Royal Mail steamship Nova Scotia, from
New York on the IGth inst., arrived hero at 1.45
a.m. to-day, with 139 cabin passengers. She
landed 10 passengers and 97 sacks of mails,
carrying on those for Liverpool and Scotland, and
proceeded immediately. All well.

( Via QUEENSTOWN.)
NEW YORK, Oct. 16, 6 p.m.
It is reported that President Johnson has sum-
moned Generals Pope and Ord to Washington.
ThejWar Department has refused Gen. Sickles's
request for a court of inquiry.
Mr. Hunnicult, Judge Underwood, an Irishman,
and two negroes, have been nominated delegates
to the Virginian Reconstruction Convention by the
Richmond Radicals.

The white Radical candidate at Williamsburg,
Virginia, has been mobbed by the adherents of
the coloured Radical candidate.

It is reported that Mr. Thaddeus Stevens has
announced that he will urge Congress to pass an
impeachment law defining impeachable offences,
and providing that no officer will be permitted to
excercise the functions of office during trial under
impeachment, and that he will also present a bill
prohibiting any State preventing citizens from voting
on account of colour for national officers.

A mass meeting of Republicans at Philadelphia
took place on Monday, when General Grant was
nominated for the Presidency.

Yellow fever is rapidly abating at Now Orleans,
Mobile, and Galveston.
Galveston was overflowed during a storm on Sun-
day, when half a million dollars worth of property
was destroyed.

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Oct. 24.

The insurrection, alleged by the Radical journals
as having taken place on Tuesday evening in
Rome, was confined to an attack on the post at
Caritali by a band of 50 armed men ; and during the
time of their attack, another band less numerous
attempted to carry a post of Zouaves at Borgo
Novo. The assailants were dispersed and several
captured. One hour sufficed to re-establish tran-
quillity, which had not been disturbed up to the
morning of the 23d inst., the date of the last advices.

BADEN AND PRUSSIA.

CARLSRUHE, OCt. 24.

The Upper house of the Baden Diet has unani-
mously approved the customs and commercial
treaty, the Salt Tax Bill, the bill for elections to
the Customs Parliament, and the treaty of alliance
with Prussia.

CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN

MAILS.

GALL; OCt. 22.

The Delhi, from China, arrived on the 12th inst.,
and the Geelong, from Australia, to-day—the
latter haysng been detained by bad weather.

The Bengal leaves for Suez to-day. She may be
expected there about the 7th November.
The Avoca, with the outward mail of July 20-26,
reached Melbourne on the 11th, and Sydney on
13th September.

The Bombay, with the outward mail of August
20-26, arrived at King George's Sound on the Bth

October.

The Golconda, with the outward mail of Sept.
4-10, reached Galle on the 9th October.

VICTORIA.

MELBOLTR'NE, Sept. 27.
The difficulty in reference to the grant of £20,000
to Lady Darling continues.
The Victoria Parliament was prorogued by the
Governor after voting temporary supplies, but has
now reassembled.

The Australian colonies are preparing an en-
thusiastic reception for his Royal Highness the
Duke of Edinburgh.

The shipments of gold to England during the
month amount to 80,000 oz.

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Oct. 24, Two o'clock. —The market con-
tinues firm, and, though trausactions are limited,
stocks and shares have a further advance, Threes
by 10c., at the present quotation of 68f. 50c.; Italian
Fives 45c., at 45f. 70e. Credit Mobilier shares are
still dull, whilst Credit Foncier are in demand,
reaching 1,290 f. Comptoir d'Escompte gain 5f., at
655 f. No remarkable feature in Railway shares,
y immaterial fluctuations.
es was as follows :
Bank Shares 3300
Ital'an Loan
End of month 45 60
Mexican Loan 11
Do. Bonds
Spanish Threes
Homo Debt —
Deferred —

which are quoted with on:
Three o'clock.—The
41 per Cent.
End of month —
3 per Cent
End of month 6B 50
Credit Mobilior
End of month lB5
Credit Fonder 1295
End of month-1290

RAILWAYS.

Account.
Orleans ... 8581
Northern 1145
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southorn..... 527/
Western
Eastern .. 54Gf
Sardinian
Austrian 4BO
Lombard 3sB}
North of Spain 55
Saragossa
Roumn 49

Admiral Farragut landed yesterday morning at
Mount Edgecumbe, and continued several hours
inspecting the grounds and gardens. His frigate,
the Franklyn, with her tender, were preparing for
sea yesterday afternoon.
Vice-Adniiial Sir T. M. C. Symonds, K.C.8.,
President, and the other members of
.the Dockyard
Craft Committee, are still engaged in their hives-
tigatious at Chatham dockyard. They have exa-
mined Capt. W. 11. Stewart, C. 8., Superintendent
of the establishment ; Capt. R. Stokes, Master-
Attendant and Queen's Harbourmaster ; and some
other of the principal officials.
The Prussian iron armour-platedship of war Prinz
Frederich Carl, which mas dismasted in the Bay of
Biscay, was towed on Wednesday afternoon from
Plymouth Sound into Hamoaze, and moored off
Devonport dockyard for convenience of =sting. If
her new masts are to be of iron or steel some time
must elapse before they can be stepped.

THE CRETAN

CONSTANTINOPLE, Oct. 18.

The proclamation addressed to the Cretans by
the Grand Vizier, Aali Pasha, recently despatched
by the Porte to Candia as Commissioner Extraor-
dinary, has just appeared here. It says :
" Cretans,—You know by experience how great
with regard to you are the generosity and the mag-
nanimity of his Imperial Highness our august Sove-
reign, the source of justice and clemency.
" I will not depict to you the profound emotion
experienced by his Majesty's paternal heart at the
effusion of blood caused by the criminal attempts of
a few ambitious men, who, abusing the credulity of
several among you, and their weakness in resisting
evil counsels and threats, have transformed them
into instruments of disturbance.

" You have seen for yourselves, since the origin
of the events we deplore, the efforts of his imperial
highness to remove deplorable consequences. You
know how vivid has been his desire to guarantee
against all prejudicial attack the island of Crete and
its inhabitants, who occupy so large a place in the
imperial good-will.

" These good intentions have been paralysed by
men who have cast a covetous eye upon the island,
and by those who, believing their fallacious pro-
mises, or trembling at their threats, have made it
their business to falsify the sense of the moderate
feelings the Imperial Government has derived from
sentiments of humanity.
" By rejecting in arms the benevolent intentions
entertained with regard to them by the Govern-
ment, they have imposed upon it the duty of effect-
ing the chastisement of the guilty in order to libe-
rate the sound-thinking portion of the population
of the island from the pressure exercised upon them
by blinded men.

,4 The execution of this task devolved upon the
regular army. The moderation, discipline, and
humanity it has testified have appeared in a strik-
ing light, notwithstanding the veil of obscurity
thrown over them by malevolence and calumny.
The very persons who have been styled the victims
of barbarous proceedings have done the army justice.
" Cretans, you know by experience that his Ma-
jesty protects the honest, and chastises those har-
dened in crime. Those who incite you to revolt, far
from having in view your happiness and the prospe-
rity of your country, have only one object, which
they pursue in despite of the evils that weigh upon
you. Their object is to gratify their own selfish
ambition. You have witnessed the sorrows and
privations of every kind to which those unfortunate
families are exposed who, yielding to the deceptive
suggestions of afew intriguers, have exchanged their
country for an unknown land.

" The time has arrived when you must giv
yourselves up to serious reflections.
" The inexhaustible magnanimity of our generous
sovereign has never intended to confine itself to the
general amnesty which has been again confirmed to
you by the Sirdar Ekrem. His Majesty has deigned
to confide to me the mission of personally, with
God's help, planting the foundations of a new
administrative organisation. This organisation is
the fruit of conscientious and profound study ; it is
conceived with the view of responding to your
legitimate aspirations, and of securing your future
and that of your ccuntry.
"Penetrated with gratitude towards his Majesty
for the glorious mission with which he has deigned
to honour me, I come to your island praying the
Most High to bless the efforts I am about to conse-
crate to the service of our sovereign, of you all.

" Cretan; lam convinced that the great majo-
rity among you will appreciate the opportunity the
clemency our sovereign again offers you, and that
those among you who have persevered in error until
now will at last open their eyes to the truth and re-
enter into the path of duty.
" I remind those who, contrary to my expecta-
tion, should persist in rejecting the benefits of his
Majesty the Sultan, our legitimate sovereign, that
they will have the opportunity of leaving the island
within the period fixed for the proclamation of the
Sirdar-Ekrem.

" Further, thanks to a new exertion of the impe-
rial clemency, the families which have quitted their
country and desire to return will be authorised to
do so upon condition of giving a promise to keep
henceforth within the limits of obedience and
fidelity.

" Cretans,—ln order to inaugurate without delay
the application of the administrative institutions
destined to put an end at the earliest moment to the
misfortunes of your island, and, thanks to which,
the future will serve as a reparation for the past, I
invite you to proceed in the course of the ensuing 14
days to the election of representatives to whom you
shall delegate your full powers. These representa-
tives, elected in every district in the island from
among the Mussulmans and .Christians enjoying
your confidence, will then have to meet me.
" I most especially recommend you to throw
aside in these elections all idea of politics or per-
sonal predilectioz, and to let your choice fall upon
citizens devoted to their country, renowned for their
honour, moderation, and fidelity to his Imperial
Majesty."

MARKETS—(This Day.)