The Sun.
London, England, 1803-07-04 00:00:00

POLITICS.

•
Nothing appears to us more curious .matter of
observation at present, than the, comparative situa-
tion of France and England. France is armed for
the preservation of an antient Independent State,
and a dignified order of things--England for its
own injury and even destrudion. France demands,
in the face of Europe, the faith of Treatiec, and
appeals to the Law of Nations.—England sporting
equally with both, hesitates
.not to borrowirOni the
revolutionary system, its proceedings, its furor,
even its very language and absurdities. These c.m.
siderations appear to us to be worthy of the mast
serious attention.

Every one has heard the complaints made by Eng.
land of the changes which have taken place
,since the
Treaty of Amiens, in the Aituation of the Order of
Malta, and in its possessions. It k certain that
several Powers, dissatisfied with the newly projed-
ed constitution of the Order, and especially with the
appointment of anew Langur, composed of inha,
bitants of the Isle, and proposed to be of equal
power, &c. with the others, have announced their
intention of withdrawing themselves from any con_
nekton with the establishment, and of appropriating
their respedive possessions—But, was it France that
stipulated for the insertion of such a clause ? It was
the will of England—Lord CORN W ALL IS never at.
tempted to conceal, that it made an indispensible part
of his instrudiuns ; the fad is demonstrated by the
Protocole 6f the conferences of the Treaty of Amiens,
which was printed and distributed in England, with
the otlwr documents relative to the Negotiation.
Undoubtedly, we think, these Powers who she w-
ed a repugnance on this point, afted with great
Who could blame them for endeavouring to
avert ;lie consequences of such a stipulation ? M.
caa e, it is true, had conceived the idea, in his
isdom, of uniting orders, which the experience of
succeeding ages preferred to keep separate.
,He
deemed it proper to arm against each other contend.
ing and irritable vanities and passions, and eventu.
ally to suffer their discussions to be decided by
force. But, judging from experience, our opinions
in these respcts are very different.
England, however, seems to have no objedinn
to follow their footsteps, and to speculate on the
same grounds. How injurious that, at its voice,
the Princes, the Nobles, the Chevaliers and Barons,
should run from all parts of Europe in order to par.
ticipate, jointly, with the respedable cheesemongers,
the fishmongers, the maiket.brokers, the gardeners,
and labourers of the Isle of Malta—the Cross of
its Order, and the Fundions of Sovereignty ! It
is very easy to anticipate the result, under the in.
fluence of the Fleets and .Guineas of England, of
such an atrangemesst. At one period, we could not
refrain from commending those Powers who endea.
voured to avert the combined evils of melt perfi-
dious condud. But we are now inclined to thiak
that little inconvenience. can arise, as the thing
stood, from the consideration of England's inter-.
feting a few molts sooner, when a pretext must
inevitably have arisen a few months hence.
When we consider every thing, the condud of
the English .Government, in procuring Addresses
.from every eft of the Isle. against the Order, and
of seconding these Revolutionary Measures, by pro-
pagating the most scandalous falsehoods against the
Grand Master, and against the Knights, viz, the
Legitimate Sovereigns of the COuntry, we are not
so much astonished—q'a degrade„ in the first, in-
stance, the Sovereign of a Country, and afterwards
to sake poiscnivs of bit Dominions,: forms bat a part
of that system, which the -British Government fears
not to borrow from the praaice of our Revolutionasy
Times. It is.only the other day, that through the
English Papers, we hear of Risings. and Levies en
moue. The language, as well as the conduct, is
adopted—the Dux of CAM BRIDG I caused to be
proclaimed throughout Hanover Liberty or Death,
" Though they should detest, though they should
curse us," said CHABOT, " let us save the Coon-
try I" " Let us adopt great measures," cried
DANTON, " what signifies the expellee ?" " Let
~ us vote at once for the adoption of vigorous mea.
sures," says Mr.
PITT, " let us even draW upon
ourselves, if necessary, a temporary odium."
A little time will enable us to distinguish what
is real from that which is the contrary in all this
apparent parade. We shall shortly be able to ascer-
tain the impression made on King George by the oc.
cupation of his Eleftorate, an acquiescence in which
it is become indispensible to demand of him, and
which is equally einbarrasiing to yield to or to refuse ;
and we shall also see the result of the steps lately
taken by Russia, of .which, however, it is.difiicult
misconstrue the objet`}. At present we shall endea.
Insure() analize the debates of the British Parliament.

The following expressions of Mr. AtiDINCt9N
are very striking." It is by no means the wish
Of Ministers to resort to extremities, or to plunge,
the Nation into a war .of 'extermination, but
that it should not be humiliated." Mr. AD.
D NCTOK must be very knowing, if 1w can
foresee the. cud period at which the War will ter.
minate. It would be very convenient to England
to see a War of amusement alone going forward.
She has, .by: means of her powerful M trine, an op.
portunity of parading on the seas, France, on she
other hand, has nothing to parade with ; she must
make England' itself the seat of War. Those.,Mi:.
nisters must be very incapable, or vet y 'rash, if they
are not yet aware of the riled of thoie positions,
which lender the chances of War, on•the respedive
sides, so very aliWetent.. . .
Notwithstanding what has been advanced by
soma Mitnbers, of the nicessity of . recurring to
great and strong measures, even- previously to the
usual- pecuniary arrangement's, Mr. 'Ann iNGTON
deemed it preferable to.adot- the- ordioary conrse4al:
proceeding : he according4' has 'proposed, isrl'a
renewal of the Income Tax; secondly, a coi,
able augmentation of the Excise Duties ; thirdly,
an augmentation of the Customs.' From these there
resources, Mf.ADDI NCTON thinks to liquidate the
new increased expellee!' of the :State. They are
calculated*.at the stun of r 2,700,0001. sterling.
The Minister, it is title,. does not flatter himself
wish calculating upon this entire sum in the course
of the year ; he reckons upon but 4,500,0001. and
has dcteratined• to borrcrw ten millions, of -Which

lic
of

Is ra a

low

iac
Mf!

and efteci of the difrereht

ope r:171')

It appears, according to the English Pap,:rs, th tt
a considerable sensation prevailed at Lendee, on its
being known that the prodigious aoditioted Sum or
7,500,0301. Was prop scd to be raised on the C.
Joins and Excise alone. I however, in many circtim.
stances, to our own knowledge, Mr. Pier has con_
trived to augment the Receipts, 'while he 'diminish ••?
the Ditties. We fear that his Successor will contrive
iteattgetenting the Duties, to diminish the Recelies
extraordinary proposition is easily ex_
plained, by considering the great increase of Smog.:
gling, which is the natural consequence, and also
the sudden decrease of the consumption. These were
considerations Which, leunded Sw T ifi y
that in the Arithmetic of Finance; tetoo acid tepc did
not always makefour buss often ene/ It is trice that Mr.
ADDINGTON has positively asserted that the War
will procure to his Cotintry the Commercial Sußly
of all Europe; this will, however, depend solely upon
circumstances. With reseed to the new Duties
on Malt, which is that part of the grain
which is prepared for brewing, we are certain, it
will be severely felt. Never has it been before
proposed to increase the Duties on this part of the
popular consumption. The brewers, on different
occasions, have been constrained to lower rather
than raise the price of porter
The Income Tax, renewed from Mr. PITT, has
produced equal murmuring. On the one Land, this
Tax violates the secret ut properties, and mast be
grievously felt in a Commercial Country e and ort
the other, it bears hard on the lower classes of the
people. Mr. PITT had some consideration for
them ; under his Administration, all property less
than 601. per ann. was untouched. Under Mr. A. all
are affetted. With the exception of foreigners,
none of the Proprietorvol the public Funds are ex-
empt. In different places they are entitled to name
Commissaries to whom ihey shall reveal the amount
of what they possess. But all funds not declared are
proposed to be rendered lishie at the Bank, awl a
drawback of s per Cent. made upon the dividends,
- In exhibiting to Pailiament all these s :urces of
financial prosperity, Mr. ADDINGToN has not con.
sealed his wish' that all Europe should be acquaint.
ed with them. On this occasion the strangers were
not excluded from the Galleries; but in our opinion
this Minister has grossly deceived himself, if he
thinks he has given either to France, or to the rest
of Europe, a favourable opinion of English power
or prosperity—on the contrary, he could not have
dune any thing more serviceatileeo France!
The Eeglish People are at this moment in a
situation of a couetry in which the seeds of
griefs, privations, and every species of disgust
are deeply sown; in a few months, the harvest
in these respeas will he abood mt. The debates of
the I+oocl/elope -the regress. already mash. In.
that, Lord FOLKSTONF, son of the Earl of RAD.
NOR) highly censured the proposed taxes, as severely
pressing on the bulk of the people, and consequently
that they must render the War unpopular.
Mr. 13AsTARD dwelt „upon the Land. Tdx..they
should have to pay le the county of Devon.
Messrs. W. Do Nom and MACPHEIOON, were
persuaded that the duty upon Barley would diminish
the cultivation of it in Seolland.

Sir Rost aT BUXTON evinced the same uneasi.
ness with respell to the North of England.
Sir W. ELFoRD thought the distindion be.
tween the Linied and Commercial Interests, as ob.
je-as of TaxAtion, merited theml4t serious attention,
Fictcit ING Lis was of opinion, that the 'Faxes
would not produce tis much at the Minister caleu.
'laced: some of theth, he was certain, would cause
an increase of Smuggling.
GeneGAscuYNE protested against the Tax on Sugar.
Lord G. L.
Go vt' ER expressed his surprize, that
an additional Tax should he laid on Malt.

Mr. SMITH was apprehensive of the Effeas of the
Tax, which must particularly 4Fett Trades Men.
Mr. JOIINTONe wished not to conceal his senti.
meats with respea to the ,retention of Malta. He
declared they should be obliged to make Peace,
without obtaining better terms than those which had
been offered by France. . _

Mr. P. Moult a was the 'only person to whom
their present situation did not appear inconvenient.
England, said he, at first made, under Lord GR RN.
VILLE, a War of Experiment—she afterwards, un.
der Lord HAwKEsuuttv, nide a Peacc of Experi.
merit, and now, it appears, that a Tax of Experi_
rmnt is laid on.

Murmurings appear in the House of Commons,
but without doors they are loud and eetensive.
The ilieritimgCbropicle relates, chit several Wine
Merchants have already advertixed their Stock in
Trade and says, that the annunciation of the New
Income Tax has already ptoduced several Meetings,
for the purpose of petitioeing for its tejeaion,
The disposition of thepublic mind has not failed
to manifest itself with respea to the Funds. Omeimes
has suddenly fallen three per Cent.. It recovered a
little, however, on the report of the intended Media..
then of Russia, but the falters in general announce
the—little reliance which was placed thereon.
The injurious language held against the First Con.
sul, hesfer a moment given way to outrageous libels
against the King of PRUSSIA. At present it. is the
Emperor of Rossi A's turn--4e English Journalists
have placed him on their "stool;." This is enough
to evince that the .British Government are &mitts.
Lei with 'bib. propositions. The rational ' English
howeeer, seem displeased with this tone of ahstmlify.
The Sureneithet dissembles the dangerous situation
in which England is placed, nor the incapability of
the resent Administration. But while it celebrates
:the great soul, thp vigilapiee, foresight, mid genius
of .mr. PITT, Mr..PI TT, and his genius deem it
proper to remove farther than ever from Business
and the Metropolis. We have seen in the pre.
ceding Debates, this Eir.Minister eehibir such marks
of disapprobation, respeaine; the present Ministers,
which smote theM to the hear,. The bitterness of
M. ADDINGTON has appeerezi in some late Debates.
Speaking of the income Tax,lie said, " 4 All classes
should be proportiortehly taxed.. It is ledpefirev to
charge the one and spare the other I"---As it is pre.
•Ciselyethat which Mr. PITT, itr the formet
stration, had projeaed, it was supposed that he, on
hearing the above language, was ,Prate to the heart in
hie turn. However, it is certain that he has Otte
and repaired todrink the waters at Bath, NotriteAr.)

LAW REPORT.

GUI DH A LL, LONDON, Ivor T.

BIT'CING3 ISGFOKE LORD ILIANISOROUGU.

:,CHOLEY PFRItt)U.

This ‘Va., an fut. the of
t%, purchased an,the 14th of June, to
I.)r.i.l,!.‘ipersil on the 16: h.

. ,
J. Anindel, the Broker, proved, that on tlic 14th
of jt,ne, he porcha,ed 20001. °manual from the
3)ekno.int for the Plaintiff, the scrtp of which Was
an:, in the and wai to be deliVered on the
361 h. That on the 46:h the Plaintiff tendered him.
14.10. 'which w,is -the price-of ir,but that the .De.
fe 'tO`oit never appear( d to make the transfer, It
w.•' at 61 per. cent. discount -on the when he
made the comfacti, but. on the 16th, the discount
had doninith'd on'y 3/- per cent, con:.equenily
the 11.iintill would have been a considerable-gainer
by ti.e coo-.
‘: •
,
. Mr. GASHOW at first attempted tq impeach the
riontiff's right to recover, on the ground that it
wets stock-j, bbing 4; but the Wit.
rimsi,wearitti 114._ it a bargain for a real trans.
ft r of the ()motion, that ground was abandon.
cd. Mr. Girrow then tte.,lt another objeElion,
art ing on the lace f the Diclaration, which
vet rd, that the contrad %4' "of and in one
at the Public .Stocks or S.-entities of this realm
•calteil Oinnium." Ile contended that Omniurn was
stock or security of the realm, but merely a re.
ecipt which,
.upon the performance of ceftain con-
ditions, entitled the holder to proportions. in varioui
stocks, according to the contraet made by the WI
oistur, He also argued that Omnium ple.iged with
the Bank could not he the subject of transivr.
Lord ELLESIDOttouGIi sa.id, this question was tit
so much ,consetrenc!, that he certainitwould nut
decide it.at IV/A; /'riot.
- Mr. Easit it) reply, quoted a case from ses en
Term Report., 630, .in which. it had-been decided
that Omnibus:came within the Stock-j sbling Ati,
con,,Atir,ntiy was d"cided to be one of the stock,
pf the k,ingdoine .Tlyy. Plaintiff was, -however, not,.
suited urn) ani)ther ground. .In fita ing The con.
traet he averred,that it was " give too!. de.
ducting 61 per cent. for every hun4 d...looinietn,"
and that he 114 (colleted the price agreed on aCCorth
By the evidence of the Br ker, it appeared
that 15701. was :'tendered as; the price of 200 d.
Which. was not only 6- per cent. the. discount, but
also another is per cent. reinms, the amount of the
last instalment then growing due. The evidence,
therefore, did not prove the central. and tender, a
laid in th.e Declaration,

- rAlttc.ltt, ESQ. Mi. gROWV.
Mr..Eit‘l‘lNE hiated, that this was an Mlion
brought on Bill Of Exchange for 3131. which
belendant had indorsed over to the Plaintiff.
in consequence' of this, Bill being dishonotsied
by Mr. 'loll, who was the acceptor, the De
fentlant treatne liable as indorser. It wa in he
sf!iil, the I witiff had nor given him due vatic,
tit the tlishonotir of the Bill. He should
that after the was dWionoured, the Del.' tans
rt, mired payment. After the runnel on the Bill, and
the di .11e.nouriiig 'if it had been'proved, it wa,.. ..ut ist
and rent'; it via, dated London, Nov. Ist, 18ot, a d
payable ill M.,titlis atter date. It appeared in cvs.
d that after 'the Bill bad becorne.due, the ik
fentLint w pay it, by another'drawn o
Lis ft hmin . z innnths ; the holder cotton ell
tb tdke another Bill at six month, which the Dt te,..
dant tefin.eil tt, give him, anti therefore tht% • cton
Win. brit& the Defendant had no obj-ttit nto ha,'
Cie Bill in thi4 satinet. This was in the latter end
cif J.istoary, Anti three months after the Bill htc,,ttv
that.

Mr. GO sow, as Counsel for the Defendant, ob.
served, that"rhis promise by hihClient had ben in ate
in total ignorance of the law,.which he Loped wont.,
work no injury, to, the' Defendant. He citett a case
of Chuflin.v. Paxton, where it had been held that a
party was excthed from an ignorance of the law.
Lord ELLENBonoUGU observed, that he U. 144 in

(hat case. An absolute ignorance was there proved.
that WaS a case ctrtaildy of a very equiv cal sort,
anti never wai reported, F 1 Lutdthip he
siMulti doubt very much whether any delence to
Mil of 11.4 change conhi h founded on the gt.uuti .4,t
ii,y.a,r;inee of the law. If.tilt• party was no.: tt.tiriv.
eti (Anil tbitt is not preteltileti here), it must be pte_
sumt:ti he knew every thing_mipe4ill it, at,tl there_
fore his ihis W. 14 .1 promise to pay.
Veraid fut clic•Pl anta, 213!.

SATURDAY, JULY 2•

LAUGHER V. WATSON.*

Phitttiff .t Ge'ntletnan, and a particuLtr
friend of the Defendant, who is a iiivrrbnllth,io ti:-
Sir:mil, and who sold to the Plaintiff.' repeat,
ing watch for 4.c, guineas, as and for a new watch,
when fott it turned out to be an olit watch, nor
,
worthmore ihdn 35 guinedq, its- appearca by the
evidence of watchmakers who were examined.

Other witne.s6es swore that it was a new watch,
anti worth the money paid for it.
Lora ELLENDOROVOU told the Jury that- the
gnestioo to this case was, Whether this was
a new watch when staid by the Defendant to the
-I..:4intitr, by which he would say a e,,rnbination was
then made fur the first time, and also recently made,
tor :tlthough,not sold before, yet if it had betn in
:he shop oor 40 years, he should not think that
it answered to the warranty of a new watch.
herrfore his Lordship thought the Jury must be
s„tit,fithi that this combination of Workmanship, un.
der the name of a watch, was then made for the first
:ime, "and that there was tto part of the movement
aLide before ; ft r if an, tie watch was not a new
watch, and did not satisfy the warranty, anti, the

would be. entitled to a verditte--Vttdic
fat the Darn: es 4.21.

CRINI. CO?1.

111 RD LIOLTOIR, 11542.

Mr. CAUROW stated this to he an affirm brought
Jilt the Plaintiff to recover, by means of the justice