The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-27 00:00:00

Miscellaneous American News.

The most striking Telegraph news from America
is the rise in the price of gold. On Wednesday
evening it had reached 1411, influenced no doubt by
the threatening aspect of affairs in Europe. The
Germans, who are the largest holders of the 5-20's,

have been pressing them for sale, in common with
other securities. This bas caused a heavy fall, and
led to the withdrawal of gold from the Bank of
England. The action is felt at once in New York,
where most of these Bonds will find their way.

Remittances in specie will re-commence oa a large

scale from New York.

The Five-Twenties now are

mainly instrumental in regulating the exchange,
and if they fall in the European markets, gold will
immediately begin to flow from America to Eng-

land.

General Grant has been in communication with
General Sherid,n on the subject of removing the
State officers. General Sheridan telegraphed his
_ _

opinion that it was desirable to remove Mr. 'frock-
morton, Governor of Texas, and that the sugges-
tion came from General Griffin. He added that he

might also have to remove the Governor of Louisiana.
In reply, General Grant stated that it was not
proper for him to remove Governors; that he be-
lieved the law conferred no such power upon mili-

tary commanders, except after trial. That this is
also the opinion of the Government is clear from
its action. Indeed there can be no question about

the law, which confers no power whatever upon

the General to remove any officer.
The President hesitates whether to make a visit
to New York after the adjournment of the Senate,
or to wait till June, when he intends to visit Bos-
ton, and assist at the dedication of the New Ma-

sonic Temple.
It is said that the Impeachment Committee have
been prying into Mr. Johnson's banking account,
and have made the noteable discovery that his ba-

lance has increAsed since September last by $57,000.

When a prominent man becomes unpopular in the

States, it is astonishing, however excellent a citizen
he may have been all his life before, of what crimes
he is then said to be guilty.
In Salt Lake City, this spring, " To Rent" is a
frequent sign on houses and stores. The " Gentile'

Sunday school is still flourishing, and has 125 chil-
dren from all religious denominations, even Mor-

mons. The saints are moving to establish opposi-

tion schools.

fering among the poor classes of whites, and throw thou-
sands of freedmen upon the resources of the Bureau this

season.

On the Ist April a mass meeting of the citizens of
Savannah, a large majority of whom were coloured, was
addressed by ex-Governor James Johnson, Colonel Stone,
Dr. J. J. Waring, Colonel H. S. Fetz, and several others,
also Rev. J. M. Lines and T. G. Campbell, a coloured
preacher. The following resolutions were adopted :

Resolved—That we recognise Congress as the supreme
legislative power of the nation, and all laws passed to effect
our restoration we will observe and maintain. Second—
That we recognise the progress of ideas in the enfran-
chisement of tho coloured race, and that with mutual for-

boarance we will stand shoulder to shoulder in roorganis7

ing the State Government and in maintaining the national
unity of the United States, one and inseparable. Third—
That the education of the whole people is of the highest

importance to the prosperity of a Republican government,
and that we will henceforth earnestly labour for the edu-

cation of every eitiz,m of the State. Fourth—That we

respectfully and earnestly request the military commandant
of tho third district to order a registration and election at

the earliest practicable moment for a convention to reorga-

nise the State of Georgia in accordance with the plans of
Congress. After three and a half hours of speaking the
meeting adjourned. Ey,rything passed off quietly, the
greatest order being preserved.

A NEW SOUTHERN STAPLE.—A new plant has
been added to the resources of our tropical and semi-tropi-
cal regions—a new textile, which will furnish the world
with clothing and the means of knowledge. We have seen

within a few days long skeins of a cotton-like fibre, cot-

ton-like in whiteness, softness, and fineness, but much

stronger, which is now produced at the rate of five crops
per year, in the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, where it has
beon cultivated for five years by a Belgian naturalist and
botanist, who went there to pursue his favourite studies
and occupations in a soil and climate which favour them.

This plant, called the Ramie, is a native of Java, was in-
troduced thence into the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris, by

some French saran, in 1845; was regarded then as
simply exhibiting tho wonderful advantages of the
tropics, being too delicate for open air culture
in cold climates. But having been planted anti

tried in warmer climates than that of France, yet

not so equatorial as that of Java, it has been found to do

as well in them. It is due to M. Benito Roezl, formerly

chief of the Horticultural Institute of Belgium, now of
Santocomapram, San Andres Tustla, State of Vera Cruz,

Mexico, that we can now pronounce it a naturalised plant

. _
of this continent, and to his present visit to this city will
speedily owe its introduction into the field culture of the
Gulf States, to which it will permanently pertain. The
ramie (its Javanese name) is a plant like hemp, contains

in it -the fibre for which it is raised, and which

is grown like the sugar-cane, from being plantedin lengths
or from its stubble ; with this advantage over the stubble
of the cane, that each succeeding year it grows better, and
that in Cuba and Lower Mexico it will furnish five,
and here at least three cuttings in the year. By a new
process and some simple machinery, invented by Mr. R.,
the lint can be prepared from the stalks, taken fresh
from the ground in twenty-four hours. We all know
that months of labour, and the entire discolouring
of the fibre, follows the treatment by the ordinary
process of flax and hemp, while the ramie comes out white,
clean, pure, and unhurt. Eight hundred pounds of lint to the
acre is to be expected from each cutting of full growth,
iu fair land. The culture is similar to that of cane ; but
as the plant, when once set, is hard to eradicate, grows
vigorously, and defies the influence of grass or rival plants,
cultivation is only needed to promote its growth. When
ripe, it should be cut ; but neglect to do this, causes no
special damage, so that it may wait days or weeks the
will of the free Republicans of Mexico and the Union.
The fibre is long, fine, and strong ; the plant easy to raise,
and hardy in a Southern latitude ; its preparation for
market is simple and cheap in cost. Under these circum-
' stances, we may safely pronounce that it will at an early
\
day take high rank among our staples.—New Orleans
Picayune.

THE BOOTH DrARY.—It is stated that Surratt's
counsel will demand Booth's diary from Secretary Stanton,
claiming that they wish to prove from it that their
client gave no aid or comfort to Booth in the assas-
sination. It is also said that the diary will be made
public in a few drys. Secretary Stanton and Judge
Holt have testified before the judiciary committee on the
subject. Judge bolt states that he has had sole control of
the book since it was delivered to him by the captors of
Booth, that the missing leaves had then been cut out, and
the diary commenced on the 14th of April, the day of the
assassination. The first entry in it is a statement that be
(Booth) had sent a communication to the National lntelli-
gencer, giving an account of the purposes of himself and
his confederates. The publisher of the Intelligencer swore,
on the trial, that he had received no such communication.
In the balance of the diary Booth glorifies himself as a
second Brutus, and denounces his victim as a tyrant.
Judge Holt says he did not place the diary before the
court because it shed no light on the case. It does,
however, reveal the peculiar mania under which Booth
acted, and the reasons given for withholding it
from the court are not satisfactory. The book and
the person who took it from Booth's person should
have been examined by the court, and it is pos-
sible that some clue to the mystery might thus have been

obtained. A letter from Richmond, Virginia, to the New
York World, alluding to the disclosures made by General
Butler, brings out another revelation, which should not,
however, be accepted without full evidence of its truth.
The writer says:—"lt is perhaps not generally known
that during the incarceration of Wirtz and Major Winder
in the Capitol Prison they occupied adjoining cells, and en-
joyed facilities of communication, one to the other, by
word or writing, through an aperture not observed,
doubtless, by the gaoler. No one was permitted to see
either, unless by special privilege from the Secretary of
War. On the night previous to the execution of Wirtz
three men entered his cell, of course by permission of
Stanton, and proposed to him that if ho would agree to
implicat e Jeff. Davis in the alleged iconspiracy to starve
the Northern prisoners confined at Andersouville his life
would be spared. Wirtz replied that he would not save
his own life by sacrificing that of another innocent man.
The parties thereupon left the cell, and Wirtz immediately
communicated all that transpired to Major Winder. The
Major some time after met Mrs. Davis in New York, and
revealed to her what is hero stated, backing it up by an

affidavit, which he gave her, and which she now holds.
The trial of Davis would involve revelations which would
shock humanity, and test to its fullest whatever sense of
justice or feeling of national pride is still 'left at the
North."

AVALANCHES IN KANSAS.—The Leavenworth
Times says that in that region snow storms and snow
slides from the mountains for the last month have been
unprecedented. A great deal of damage has been done
within the last few weeks, houses having been crushed
under the weight of snow, and several lives lost by per-
sons having been caught and smothered under their snow
slides.

The process of reconstruction under the military
bill and its supplement is going on with all desirable ra-
pidity. In the Carolinas white and black men hold meet-
ings and are getting ready to work jointly in the harness
of political parties, and the best understanding is said to
prevail between General Sickles and Governors Orr and
Worth. We should imagine that a few speeches like that
of Mr. Orr at the dinner recently given by the Charleston
Board of Trade might bring the good understanding to a
sudden end. It must have delighted the Governor's
Charleston audience when, in the course of his speech, he
turned to General Sickles and remarked, " You know, sir,
that faith was pledged"—meaning the faith of the Demo-
cratic party, in which organisation General Sickles used
to be a " war-horse," and in the name of which, as Southern
men aro fond of saying, he and other leaders promised
that if the Southern Democrats had to make war on the
Federal Government, their Northern brethren would be
found ready to aid them in the field. But the general
could afford to listen to the Governer's hospitable remarks
if the Governor could afford to make them. In Vir-
ginia General Schofield has designated certain of his
officers to constitute a boar.' for appointing in each

TAE MOVEMENTS OF POPULATIONS.—More than
ever before, we believe, the city and State—the city espe-
cially—is filling up with persons seeking permanent
homes. And although it may be possible that the invidious
and false repre,sentations of sundry newspapers in Phila-
delphia area New York, as to the condition of Maryland, may
have ',lad the effect of turning aside from us many from that '
quarter, who might but for them have settled here, they have
bot injuriously affected the current of population from the
other direction, at least, as can be found upon the slightest
observation in this city. Filling up rapidly as this city
is, we repeat, erowded indeed with persons tired of the
condition of things in the South, the new corners will be a
valuable acquisition, the greater proportion arriving here
with considerable means, and finding for themselvesopen-
ings in all departments of business and professional life as
opportunity offers. It must be remembered that in a
general way the Union men thrown under " military
rule" in the fated " ten " aro found just as little congratu-
lating themselves upon the chang,,s down there as any of
their neighbours; and as, in au exodus of this kind, the
most energetic and self-sustaining are those who lead off,
our State at least must in the end profit by a movement
like this, since wemust acquire the class best calculated to
build up business interests.—Baltimore Commercial.
The Colorado gold ores are to be formally and
seriously attacked this season by the smelting process
common in Wales. A large lot of the ores, taken to Wales
and there reduced made magnificent returns—so much
greater than the same ores yielded by any other treatment
as to convince the parties making the experiment that they
had found the desired mode of reduction, and to induce
them to put up the necessary capital, bring out workmen
from Wales, and prepare and set in operation early this
season in Colorado extensive smelting works of the de-
scription experimented with abroad. Professor Hill, of
Providence, long a student in Colorado mines and ores, Mr.
Herman, a Welch smelter, and some Boston capitalists are
the patties in this enterprise, which is certainly the most
intelligent and the most promising of any that has been
undertaken ft,r extracting the fatness from the sulphuretted
gold ores of the Rocky Mountains. The movement is
likely speedily to put a fresh and flattering aspect upon the
fortunes and future of Colorado, and upon investments in
her mines.

county three registrars of legal voters. In Georgia
Governor Brown is active. A. H. Stephens, it is re-
ported, has never advised his fellow-citizens to sit
apathetic, and if he were not "a prisoner of war" he vs onld
recommend them to get to work and take back their State
into the Union as soon as passible. At Savannah there
has been held a mass meeting, a noticeable incident of
which was that it was addressed by James Simms, a
brother of the famous Thomas Simms, whom an ex-Go-
vernor of Georgia introduced to the audience. In Arkansas
General Ord is working in unison with the Union State
Convention. In Tennessee a white and black convention
of a remarkable kind is said to have been held at Chstta-
nooga on April 6. The Conservative Union County Con-
vention was attended by 500 coloured and 300 white dele-
gates, and resolutions opposing Brownlow were passed.
There is even a rumour that the Conservative candidate
for Governor will be a coloured man. The United States
_ _

troops are not removed, to be sure, but on the whole we
seem to see indications that Southern polling-booths will
not, after all, long need to be surrounded by bayonets in
order that the negro may cast his vote, and there are plain
signs that before many months are gone the prophecy will
be fulfilled, and many Democratic politicians will have
negro blood in their vela —while on the stump, at any
rate. "Negroes from ch4co, and not from necessity" wilt
be numerous enough to drive Mr. Nasby to suicide.—The
Nation.

The Democratic victory in Connecticut is evi-
dently not giving the South the comfort that many people
feared it would. Most of the Southern papers seem to esti-
mate it at its just value, and the orators and planters seem
to be arranging their affairs before taking their final
plunge into negro suffrage. There is one thing to be borne
in mind in calculating the effect on national politics of
such little local reactions, or what seem to be reactions, as
that which has just taken place in Connecticut, and that is
that revolutions do not go backwards, and that no election
can now make the result of the great crisis through which
we are passing a whit less certain.
It is proposed to make an organised effort for the
diffusion, through the State of Connecticut of political in-
Iformation, by means of papers and documents, not as new,
1 during the two or three weeks preceding election, but
through the entire year. There can be little doubt that it
is only by these means that the State can be won over to
Republicanism. The mass of ignorance and prejudice it
1 contains is too dense to be affected by a hasty canvass,
I
conducted every spring in the midst of intense excitement.
The Tennessee Democrats resolutely opposed the
Franchise law passed by the Legislature, but, now that
the election of Governor approaches, have discovered the
1 virtues of the negro, and endeavour to induce him to
accept the honour of being a delegate to their Conventions.
The colourei gentlemen do not seek honour in that
direction, and at the recent Convention in Nashville not
I one could be persuaded to assist.
- Rhode Island has again won a thorough Radical
victory, with General Burnside for its hero. Messrs.
1 Dixon and Jenckes are re-elected to Congress by round
majorities, and on joint ballot the Radical Legislative
' majority is 76, the Democrats having but 14 members in
Senate and House. This is a victory which does not look
as if Connecticut was New England, and we commend it
i to the gentlemen who hailed Mr. English's election as a
sign of complete revolution in the politics of the North.
The United States present to the world a noble
example in having reduced their national debt- no less
than two hundred and nine millions of dollars during the
year ending on the 21st inst. The balance in the Treasury
was increased during that year by no less than eighteen
millions of dollars. We had only to keep on ourtaxes sons
to maintain the revenue of 1866, and we should have paid
the last fraction of our debt by the 4th of July. 1876, and
might then have celebrated our nation's, one hundredth
birthday with just and honest pride as well as with reli-
gious gratitude. We deeply regret that Cougreas saw tit
to cut down the taxes so sweepingly that we cannot re-
I duce our debt by half so much daring the next as we did
! during the last year. It was a grievous mistake, and
grievously must it yet be answered for.
The Paris correspondent of the Springfield Repub-
limn gives these pictures of American manners abroad :
Some of our foreign correspondents occasionally take their
compatriots to task for manners which are a trifle devoid
of Republican decorum and frankness, inclined to boasting
of that they do not possess, and assuming airs whiel
seem ridiculous to the citizens of the other world. After
careful observation I cannot add anything to this repreach;
nay, so far as one can judge from Americans in Paris, I
can eontratlict the stigma as ill-timed and sensational. I
find no men who are loud in espousing disagreeable politi-
cal opinions to foreign ears, and no women who are vul-
garly excessive in dress or social conversation. Certainly
those who are here now, have a better opportunity to judge
than will ever again be offered, as there are more Ameri-
cans abroad than ever before. Why every steamer brings
a dozen familiar faces, and I am sure it does not bring any
great addition to vulgar manners, which exist here as
everywhere. The American circle at Paris contains less
mal-adroits than I had supposed ; and even at hotels one
• ' never hears foreigners complain of o it national manners.

SENATOR WILSON AT PETERSBURG.—PETERSBURG,
April 4.—Senator Wilson, of Massachusetts, addressed a I.
numerous assemblage in front of Jarrett's Hotel to-night.
The coloured element was largely predominant, and were
enthusiastic in their manifestations of approval and ap-
plause. The Senator spoke for upwards of an hour, pro-
claiming himself a Radical and entirely committed to the
Radical principles. He pronounced slavery to have been
the cause of the late war, and said that neither the North
nor the South was guiltless in the conflict, and said the
negro was now as much a citizen of the United States as
the President and entitled to all the privileges of the
white man, to be employed and to exercise the franchise
as a freeman. He disclaimed all intention on the part of
Congress and the North to degradeor humiliate the South.
The measures of reconstruction passed by Congress rather
aimed to elevate the lowly and the oppressed.
THE LEAGUE ISLAND NAVY YARD. PHILA.
DELPRIA, April 2.—Last night, the commission appointed
by the President to decide upon the acceptance of League
Island as a naval depot, arrived. A special committee met
this morning at the Mayor's office at ten o'clock and waited
upon the commission at the hotel, where the hospitalities
of the city were tendered by Mayor M‘Miehael, and ac-
cepted on behalf of the distinguished visitors by Admiral
Da✓is, after which the commission proceeded to the Navy
Yard to pay a visit to the offieva attached thereto.. To-
morrow morning the committee having them in charge
will take them to League Island. The commission con-
sists of Admiral Davis, Commodore Alden, J. E. Hilgard,
assi6taut coast surveyor ; J. W. King, U.S.N.; and Major-
Generel Huniphteys, .
Numerons breaks in the levtes assure the devas-
tation of the richest portion of north-western Louisiana
By the giving way of the grand levee at Morgan the sea
overflows seven parishes. This was one of tho Largest
works of the kind in the world and but recently
completed. Work is progressing on the Roman cre-
vasse, fifty-six miles above New Orleans, with some
hope of closing. The most recently reported break,
nine miles belov Baton Rouge, will do immense
damage. It will overflow this section and cause great suf-

A marked testimony in favour of this assertion is the
entire absence of satire of any kind on the Americans
from the French journals. Woo to the luckless English
who come under the inspired pencil of (Aim; even the
Orientals suffer most bitterly; but we of the West are
exempt. On Oaf) street, in the parlour, in business, out
shopping, at the theatre or cafe, and even in the thousand
and one haunts of pleasure which American youth seek, a
certain politeness and modesty prevails, which does credit
to the habit of our nation in whom it is manifest. I
doubt the ability of any one to prove the contrary, even by
taking the testimony of foreigners themselves. The only
thing to be feared is that sojourners hero may be influenced
by the excessive politeness of the French to lose some
thing of that unspoken yet genuine and delicate courtesy
which is an American charm, and substitute for it a formula
of hyprocrisy which is prettier, but dangerous. This talk
on manners is no trivial thing ; one of the benefits of
the exhibition so near at hand is to be a gleaning of
all that is Lost in national plculiarities, and every Ameri-
can should cling to all that is good in himself. Awl
the impetus which will be given to the study of lan-
guages! At my lo l,g-ings I must, pass the customary cour-
tesies in Spanish, French, English, and German three times
every day to fellow lodgers. Yesterday, at my elbow was
a spectacled gentleman from Dijon, who was only ono of
the many thousands who are desperately anxious to learn
English. He would speak my own language, and although
he used the past tense of the verb " to do" for the sub-
junctive mode of the verb "to die," he was guilty of no
worse error than I, dozens of times per day, essaying
Spanish."

711 to -1, were at one time sold as low as 671, but on
slightly more favourable reports from the Continent have
rallied a little, and close 671 to 68. It is evident that large
sales have been effected here on German account, and that
the market will for some time be affected chiefly by the
warlike or pacific intelligence received from abroad.

Illinois Central Shares on an advance in premium on
gold in New York have declined nearly $l, closing 72 to
73, but Eries have been comparatively steady, the latest
quotation, 361 to 37, being less than $1 under the pile° of
this day week. Atlantic and Great Western Sectional
Bonds remain steady, but the Consolidated Bonds have de-
clined to 20 to 21.

(Front L. P. Morton and Co's Circular.)
New York, April 6.
Since our last advices the money market has been un-
settled and very firm. The preparation of the quarterly
statements of the National Banks, required by law to be
made up on the Ist init., has caused an extensive with-
drawal of deposits by tho banks of the interior ; and the
revival of stock speculation, at a time when the
funds of the banks were thus reduced, has pro-
duced a demand for loans which has been met with
extreme difficulty, the rate of interest having in some
instances ranged as high as 7 per cent. in gold. At
the same time, there has been an unusual demand for cur-
rency in the agricultural districts, growing out of the

transactions in real estate and mortgage•, which usually
date from April Ist, and are this year larger than
ordinarily. The country banks are, however, beginning
to return their deposits, and to-day the market is easier,
but at fully the legal rate of interest.
The irregularities in the money market have caused an
active realising movement in stocks, under which prices

CIGAR TRADE IN SAN FRANCISCO.—The extent
of the local manufacture of this article in San Francisco,
says the Mercantile Gazette is such as to give employment
to seven hundred, and at certain seasons to twelve hund-
redpersons, the greater portion of whom are Chinese, whose
patient and manual dexterity adapt them peculiarly for
this work. San Francisco cigars, made by Chinamen, are
sold and consumed as pure Havanas, without being de-
tected, except by the best judges. During the month of
January, 1867, taxes were paid on 1,711,582 home-made
cigars taken out of bond for consumption. There is a
specific duty on these cigars of $4 per thousand, and 20
per cent. ad valorem, which makes a total average of $ll
to $l6 per thousand. The revenue derived from this
manufacture in San Francisco ranges from $lB,OOO to
$20,000 per month.

have declined 2 to 3 per cent., Erie at one time touching
541. Contrary to the course which affairs have actually
taken, there has been a very general anticipation of an
upward turn in the prices of railroad stocks, and it is net
improbable that, in the event of a return or ease in money,
combinations may be formed for promoting an advance.
Erie closes at 551, and Illinois Central at 114 to 114 i.
United States Bonds have ruled steady. Prices have
not advanced with the rise in quotations at London, the
difference in values at the two points having been adjusted
by the decline in gold. The Government has fcr some
time sold a large portion of its current receipts of coin,
devoting the proceeds to the purchase of Seven-Thirties
and compound interest notes. These sales, together with
the anticipation of the payment of the May coupons,
amounting to about $24,000,000, have weakened the pre-
mium, and yesterday the price closed at 132-1-
The statement of the public debt, for April Ist, shows
that during last month the amount of Seven-Thirty Notes
was reduced $50,467,900, the reduction having been ac-
complished by their conversion into Consolidated Five-
Twenties of 1865, to the extent of $34,723,000, and also
by direct purchase. Notwithstanding the large salee
of coin by the Government, the amount of gold
in the Treasury, deducting the sum due to depositors,
shows an increase during the month of $4,471,006. The
aggregate debt, less cash in Treasury, has been reduced
since March Ist, $7,335,819. The reduction since
January 1, 1867, is $19,897,102; and since April 1,
1866, $182,218,446. About $55,000,000 of short obliga-
tions have been funded or retired during March, and the
fact that these largo operations have been done without
special effort, with no derangement to monetary affairs,
and almost imperceptibly to public notice shows how
groundless are the timid apprehensions, entertained in
some quarters, of difficulty in the disposal of the short
date debt.

HAYTI.—A private letter received in Washing-
ton, dated Port-au-Prince, March 1•l, confirms the over-
throw of the late Gcvernmeut in Hayti. Two attempts
of the revolutionary party were made—the first on the
22d of February, at the Capital, which was suppressed by
President Geffraid, and the leader of the insurgents,
Prospero Elie, and his son were killed. The second
attempt, a few days after, made at St. Mares, was success-
ful. President Geffrard, finding that public opinion was
too strong against him, sent in his resignation, and on the
13th of March embarked with his family on board a French
man-of-war for Jamaica. A now President would shortly
be elected.

It is believed in the United States (says the
Pall Mall Gazette) that the recent act of Congress on the
wearing of court dresses was aimed at Mr. Adams, who
wears on State occasions a dress of blue and gold, which
was designed by his father while Secretary of State under
President Munroe.
Gen. Hancock's Indian expedition, which left
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, was at Selma, 15,000 strong.
Gen. Hancock will march to Fort Learned, on the Santa
Fe road, where he will invite the hostile chiefs to a con-
ference, with the hopes of effecting a peaceful settlement of
the difficulties, but should they fail to come to terms, he
will immediately commence a vigorous war against them.

Gen. Augur, with his staff and fifty passengers,
were snow-bound on the Northern Pacific Railroad. The
weather in Colorado and Utah had been intensely cold, and
great quantities of snow had fallen. The mercury in many
places was 40 degrees below zero, and large numbers of the
horses and cattle had been frozen to death.

An ear-ring has been invented by an ingenious
New England jeweller, which obviates the necessity of
piercing tho ear. The ordinary hoop is divided in the
centre, and acts as a spring on the lobo of the ear, being
adjusted by a screw.

MARINE LOSSES DURING MARCll.—During the
month of March there were lost by fire, wreck, collision,
and other disasters at sea, 51 American vessels, of which
eight were ships, 13 barks, 8 brigs, 11 schooners, and 4
steamers. The aggregate value of these vessels is esti-
mated at $2,629,000. For the first three months of 1867

;he marine losses of American vessels have amounted to

171 vessels, valued at $8,652,500, as compared with
$10,474,000 during the same period of 1866, and $4,858,000
during the same period of 1865.

Dr. M. B. Renslow has made a microscopic ex-
amination of several hams, an I has found in one of them
encysted trichinae, as numerous as 48,600 in a cubic inch.
In a fragment of muscle from the body of the late Miss Ida
Ball he found them as numerous as 113,400 to the cubic
inch. The portions examined were one two-hundredths
of an inch thick, and the circle shown through the micro-
scope was one-eighth of an inch in diameter. From these
data, with the number of trichina) seen, the number in a
cubic inch was easily computed.
The fine steamship Erie, of the American and
European line from Thston, was successfully launched
at Newburyport on Wednesday, April 3, in the pre-
sence of 10,000 people.
About twenty vessels are on the stocks in the
State of Maine, ready to be launched this spring.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW 'Mini', Saturday, April 13.

Last Saturday's steamers took out $324,000 for Europe,
and the Californian steamer on Monday brought in
$898,000. There are signs that the state of things will
soon change, and our exports of the precious metals exceed
our imports. The gold market has been excited, and
violent fluctuations have occurred in consequence of the
news from Europe. We learn that the Germans are
forcing the sale of our Bonds, and this intelligence,
although not affecting the Government Securities them-
selves, has had a strong influence on the price of gold.
On Wednesday large transactions took place, and gold rose
from 134 k to 138 in a few hours. The Government has
been selling in small quantities, and the fact that at the
end of this month $30,000,000 in gold will have to be paid
by the Treasury for interest on the Five-Twenty Bonds
has not been -without its effect. Money remains
easy, although the demand within the last few
days has been unusually large. Trade is brisker, and
more activity is seen in every department. The quarterly
statements of the national banks of New York, Phila-
delphia, and Boston show an increase in the profits and
surplus funds, and a decrease in loans, discounts, and de-
posits. The
tardrehogte:ofehdr
aAaapl
ksnsrpirdhi
t.
bornte
acsglr
buin ui
Cass,
ahng,
ne:ogouofensFfniwi
ocaotelttehil
The Secretary of the Treasury's statement of the
t hdbeenspeculativec
Presidentsuhtl raaatruievsse-.
is among an
d the C electedhieago Railroad.i
ctors
Pittsburg,yekli vd,lwaienhreglo decline
naehe,
railway
swui considered sehei
sndaesneemrdlheeodacsostis satisfactory.
A •favourable report is looked for from the committee
directed to investigate the Pacific Mail Ship's Company's
affairs. Arthur F. Wilmartb, of Now York, is president of
the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company, just orga-
nised with a capital of $5,000,000. It is supposed that the
bill lately passed by the New York State Legislature with
reference to the New York Central has been vetoed by the
Governor. But as this has been discounted, it has had
little effect in pece of the shares. Illinois Central has been
steady notwithstanding the fall noticed in London, where
it is largely held. It is thought a good dividend-paying
line, in good condition, which contrasts favourably with
English lines, is not likely to be long affected unfavourably.
The tendency later in the week has been decidedly better,.
and, notwithstanding the unsettled state of affairs in
Europe, there is a more buoyant tone, while the business
done has been out of all proportion larger than that
transacted of late. I give the latest quotations:-
Gold 1361, United States Five:Twenties (1862) 1091,
(1864) 107 j, (1865) 105, (1865 new issue) 1071,
United States Ten-Forties 98, United States 7-30 Loan
1071, Missouri Sixes 94/, Tennessee Sixes 64, Virgini-
Sixes 951, New York Central Railroad 100, Erie 54/,
Erie Preferred 701, Hudson River 981, Reading 98i,
Michigan Central 108, Michigan Southern and Northern
Indiana 671, Illinois Central 113, Cleveland and Pittsburg
681, Cleveland and Toledo 1171, Chicago and North-
Western 321, Chicago and North-Western Preferred 591,
Pittsburg, Fort Wayne, and Chicago 901, Chicago and
Rock Island 87+, Ohio and Mississippi Certificates 231,
Adams Express Company 561, American 56, United States
57, Wells, Fargo, and Co.'s 67, Merchants' Union 19,
Western Union Telegraph Company 38, Pacific Mail
Steamship Company 1231, Atlantic Mail Steamship Com-
pany 80, Cumberland Coal Company Preferred 28, Canton
Company 421, Quicksilver Mining Company 28, Mariposa
Mining Company if, Mariposa Mining Company Pre-
ferred 191.
(From E. F. Satterthwaite and Co.'s Weekly Circular,
Our tidvices from New York by the Asia aro to the 9th
instant. The increased demand for money reported in our
last had continued, and higher rates were paid; the strin-
gency had but little effect on Government securities, but
on Railroad Shares the effect was marked by a general fall
of from two to four per cent. Cleveland and Pittsburg
cud New York Central exhibited a still larger decline, the
former having fallen $6 on the impression that the addi-
tional outlay of capital required for their new arrange-
ments would not prove remunerative. In the case of Now
York Central the depression of about $5 was attributed to
the fear that the Governor of the State would veto the bill
lately passed to enable the company to increase its tariff for
freight and passengers.
In State Stocks we note an improvement of $3 in
Georgia Sixes, and Indiana Fives ; and a decline of $2 iu
Tennessee. First Class Railroad Mortgages were steady,
but those held in less consideration were offered at a de-
cline, without inducing pm-chasers. Gold remained steady,
at about former quotations.

The daily fluctuations in the London market for Ame-
rican securities have been of unusual severity, prices being
influenced almost entirely by the various rumours current
as to the course of European politics.
United States 6-20's, which left off this day week at

MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN NEWS.

(Front Correspondents of " The Anglo-American Times.")

PARIS, April 23.

ei
s attended, tal i
raenpae nr
performed
mtthheeedr
period of the year. Imposing Church services, with
Passion week in France is more scrupulously
observed by an abstraction from worldly pleasures
aiyith. Easter Sun-
c
n
not less than eleven grand
o and
rr eas
pod env
do
itni ogn
ptoon
irp
se gaacinondau .dtschleeoarxlreiegemrefcol
principal Parisian churches. Inde-
pendent otdharvyoouitgt washoofue
ettihteheberna wto
einedeakiy
to see the rites
and hear the excellent music, contributed much to
mpeassndeesntinofthreeligious zeal, curiosity
fill to overflowing the various places of worship.
The traditional promenade of Longchamps,
which the irreligionsiudulge in on Wednesday,
Thursday, and Friday of Passion week, came off as
usual, and was characterised by the customary
carriage procession, in which were to be seen the
latest, newest, and most extravagant fashions. This
time-honoured observance is fast losing the charm
which once attended it, and no better evidence of its
degeneracy could be given than the feeble display
made by the partisans of fashion last week. There
were a few carriages belonging to the hint ton,
several actresses with their broughams, a
number of foreigners with their equipages, but
'Longchamps, like thefite of mardi-gras, can only sur-
vive a few years longer. It is evident that the
must ere
nn w
Parisian public are losing taste for such displays,
unworthy y this numbered
practicalw ith the
ag et,hi ng
s
athndatt
were—follies
sou-
venirs that nobody can .wish restored.
A prolonged and obstinate strike of the journey-
men tailors, with which our city is visited, prevented
the Beau Brummels of Parisian fashions from ap-
pearing at Longchamps in the newest styles of the
season. This strike, much to the annoyance of the
public, bids fair to continue for some time longer,
as the proposal made by the employers to effect a
compromise by offering an augmentation of 10 per
cent. on wages, has been stoutly refused by the
workmen who persist in claiming, as at first, 40 per
cent. From 30,000 to 40,000 labourers, many of
them with families depending upon them for sup-
port, are thrown out of employment by this
disagreement. Fortunately they have a com-
mon fund to live upon, from which is distri-
buted lf francs per day to every unmarried
man, 2 francs to each married man, and 50 cen-
times for every child. When this has been ex-
hausted, suffering or capitulation must follow on
the part of the journeymen tailors, and as the latter
is the most probable, we hope soon to see the tailor-
ing establishments opened, and clothing as cheap
as heretofore.
The Deputies of the Corps Legislatif are now in-
dulging in their Easter holidays, which commenced
last week and terminate to-morrow. Many of
them have left the city for their country homes, to
enjoy in tranquillity this brief respite from legisla-
tive cares. In the absence of Parliamentary de-
bates, the journals are filling up their columns with
articles on foreign politics, the weather (which
has been prolific in squalls for several days), the
Exhibition and its wonders, &c., &c., &c.

According to a current on dit a Russian com-
pany has purchased the entire Exhibition building,
iron, glass, pillars, framework, and all its fixtures,
and intends transporting them to St. Petersburg
for erection there. The period fixed for the closing
of the Exposition in Paris is the 31st October, and

the Imperial Commission have contracted to de-
liver the material in the month of November.
Adelina Patti, in the most fascinating role of
Rossini, in the " Barbier," has bade her adieux for
the season at the Italian Opera. During the per-
formance some twenty bouquets were thrown her
by an enthusiastic audience.
" Romeo and Juliette," for some time expected
and often postponed, will be given for the first time
at the Lyrique this -week. Charles Gounod, the
composer, has been at work on this opera since the
appearance of " Faust" in 1858, and although he
has from time to time produced other pieces, he has
not neglected his favourite subject, which he has
now announced as ready " after years of applica-
tion." " Ronnio and Juliette" is in five acts, pre-
ceded by a prologue, in which will be sung a chorus,
relating the legend of the lovers of Verona. Ma-
dame Miolau Carvalho takes the role of Juliet, and
Michot that of Romeo. The other roles of Mon-
tague and Capulet are entrusted to artistes of un-
questionable talents, and everything in the way of
handsome decorations is lavished upon the play to
warrant its success.

Blind Tom is giving his unparalleled musical
soirees at the Salle hertz every evening, and is
eliciting considerable wonder among the Parisians,
who are still loth to believe that it is not some
Yankee trick instead of real musical genius.
The Emperor Napoleon 111. attained his fifty-

ninth birthday last Saturday ; he was born on the
20th of April, 1808.
On Monday last the Red, TVltite, and Blue made
its debitt at the Pompeian Palace before a Parisian
public. There was a large party in attendance at
the opening ceremonies, among whom was our
Minister, General John A. Dix ; Consul Gen-
eral Murphy, of the United States, at Frank-
fort-on-the-Maine ; Colonel Wed. W. Clarke,
Dr. Johnson, Colonel. Norton, and a large
number of representatives of the French,
English, and American Press. Captain Hudson,
the owner and daring commander of the noble little
ship, aided by his first officer, Mr. Fitch, received
their guests with great courtesy, and willingly
answered the many questions put to them about
their perilous passage across the ocean.
Among other American amusements that will
delight the pleasure seekers who come to Paris this
spring will be the Grand American Circus, which
will soon commence giving its performances here ;
and the American negro ministrels, who will give
their delineations of the negro character. There
are many good musicians among them, and they
cannot fail to give satisfaction to their audiences.
This will be entirely a feature in these French per-
formances, and will no doubt be highly appreciated
by the French people, who are so fond of mirth
and enjoyment.
Among the recent arrivals of Americans in Paris
are Consul General Murphy, on a visit to the Expo-
sition Colonel Wed W. Clarke, who has been on

Foreign Exchange has ruled quiet, but closes more - I
active. Bankers' 60 days' sterling is quoted 108 i to 1083 ; an extended tour through Italy, inspecting the petro,
do. 3 days, 109 to 109 i ; bankers' bills on Paris, 60 days leum oil wells of that country ; and General John
5.173- to 5•16-1 ; do. 3 days, 5.15 to 5-13,1-. C. Breckinridge, who has been passing some time in
Cotton has declined steadily, in sympathy with lower London.
prices at Liverpool and with the fall in gold, and closes at 'The Exposition which
271 to 28 cents for Mid. Uplands. The receipts at all the E • • at first promised to disap-
int the "great expectations" held of it, is now
ports, for the past week, aggregate 39,000 bales, and the P°
out in all its magnificence, and will without
exports about 90,000 bales, the shipments from the Southern coming
ports alone being over 70,000 bales. The receipts since doubt be a perfect success, fully realising all the
September Ist amount to 1,565,000 bales, and the present hopes once entertained by those most interested
stock at all ports is 535,000 bales. in it.
(From Bowles, Drevet, and Co.'s Circular.) The consecration of the French and English
The weeks pass, but without news coming to change Wesleyan Church, on Rue Demours, will take place
the aspect of affairs. The uncertainty continues un-
broken ; the sky is more overcast than ever, and it is long on Sunday next. I have not learned who are to be
since we have seen the Bourse so strongly and steadily bishops in attendance. The members of this church
depressed. One meets none but sellers, or hears anything deserve very great credit for their zealous exertions
spoken of but war. The Routes close at 65c. 29f.; the in behalf of its erection.
Italian at 44c. 30f. The weather this week in Paris is not deserving
United States bonds, which we have left at soi in our of mention, for it has been miserably disagreeable,
last circular, have declined daily this week, even mor®
rapidly and continuously than other securities. This putting a stop to all out-door amusements.
springs from the fact that tho German markets, especially Paris is not yet crowded, and there is many a
Berlin, whore fears are most strong, have thrown, and are sign with " Rooms to Let," greatly to the dis-
still throwing, a considerable amount of American Bonds
upon our Bourse. gust of those who wish to be so obliging as to lei
them.
Ou the other side of the Rhine war is considered itntni-
nent, and in this view holders sell the securities which are
most easily placed—that is to say, "the dollars," which aro
now negotiable upon all European markets. Further, at
the current rates, German speculators profit by purchases
at home for sale here, so inundating our market, which
absorbs our large amounts, either to cover shorts or as in-
vestment. .But nevertheless holders in r ranee uomintlucc
to be alarmed, and if America should not come forward to
buy and sustain quotations we may yet see lower rates.
The nervous and depressed position of the market is for
the time but little affected by variations in gold, or poli-
tical news, from the United States, the adverse influ-
ences being entirely European.
Our readers will be interested in the following table
showing the fluctuations in 5-20's this week :-
19 April... 791 ..... .... 78i
20 „ 783 1 - i - 771
22 „ 785 i
„ 23 78i 74
13-16 ... 78
24 „ 773
25 „ 77t
Exchange on London 2.5.14.

So many absorbing subjects engross the public
mind in this year of Universal Exposition that it is
difficult to state which really is the most important
topic of the day. Some (and these are politieiaus
affirm that tailors and their strike are the most
interesting subjects ; milers (aria mese are artists)
maintain that hairdressers, barbers, in fact, deserve
particular attention, for they, too, have sat up a
strike, and beards must grow ; but a large number
contend (and these are doctors) that the undertakers,
who are going to strike, are the most sensational of
all. I think there can he no doubt about it. Hope-
ful people wish undertakers would strike, for the
hopeful are ever full of trust, and the fact of there
being no one to bury the dead seems to infer that
no one will die ; these charitable souls are greatly
interested in undertakers. Pity their fate, and do not
believe that the croquemorts' red noses are the effect
of anything but abstemiousness. My adhesion is
less sincere, for granting that the undertak-
ing profession be not very lively, who is
to do their businesi as long as a difference
of opinion exists between the principals and
subordinates of these solemn establishments? I
do not suppose :a man could have been drilled into
the corps unless he had shown undeniable symptoms
of capacity for the said calling, or have experienced
feelings of sympathy fur unlimited undertaking ;
he is, therefore, no more to be pitied than a Parisian
cocker de jiacre for having to sit behind two dege-
nerate specimens of thoroughbreds, which end in
hippophagy when steaks, and not stakes, are got out
of them. With the exception of undertakers, France
seems to be the most convenient of all places for
strikes, so much can be done without when things
Come to a climax. In the clothing line, for instance,
the most useful garments have long been thrown
aside ; and, as far as hairdressing is concerned, both
Mine. de Gallifit and her sister, Mnie. de Pourtalis,
have adopted flowing hair. It is somewhat dis-
agreeable when the wind is high to be caught by
one's hair in the buttons of gentlemen's coats, but
as long as the invisible hooks which join false locks
on to the natural lengths do not fall off it does not
matter so much.

Longchamps is certainly the slowest fete day in
France, and although the weather was finer than
usual last Friday, the fashions did not go to be shown
off round the Lake as in former times. The drive was
not more animated than usual, and the real aris-
tocracy of the land rode over the Bois instead of
the aristocracy of milliners and Court tailors. The
Gardes de Paris did not even station on horse-
back, down the Champs Elysees. The Duke and
Duchess de Mouchy drove out with powdered
livery servants. Prince Stoltykoff was in a
phaeton ; Mdrne. de Metternich, who had been to
hear Haydn's " Sept paroles," at the Madeline,
went her usual round ; Prince i'roabetskoi and the
customary hangers-on were the small fraction of
that creme de la creme which is ever floating
between the Tuileries at one end and the Moulin
Rouge at the other.
Gastronomy is a great hobby at present with the
elite of Parisian society, and the daily menu, pub-
lished by Baron Brisse in the Liberte, has been
imitated by other writers ; one signs " Vatel," a
third " Balthazzar," and the great idea is to adhere
to the prescribed bill of fare of either. Shrimps,
lobsters, eels, and turbot are dished up with every
flower of speech that can make them tempting, and
the times are such that Brillat Savarin's farnou
opinion is becoming universal. He used to say that,
be preferred the man who invented a new sauce, to
the man who discovered a new star.

Paris is getting extremely full, but it is doubtful
whether it will ever be full enough for those wbo
have made up their minds to realise a large fortune
out of " all the nations of the world." Living is
not quite so dear as was expected, but every article
of taste is doubled in price. Dressmakers and mil_
liners are not speculating wisely on American and
English ladies, who should be advised to buy their
own materials and patterns, and do their work
themselves. This would be the most reasonable
strike ever attempted, and it would put a stop to
imposition besides. Clothing meanwhile is a vtry
complicated affair at the Exposition ; it is all
eluded in the 4th Group. A superficial obserter
scarcely notices the fact as he runs over the cata-
logue, but when he is roaming over the gnat
building, he perceives that there is apparently no
end to texture and garments. It seems almost 'ii-
credible that man should require so much for the

covering of his body, and that his wants should
have given rise to so many different branches of in-
dustry. A jester would laughingly observe that,
clo'hing has greatly improved since our first parents
left Paradise. In my future letter I will give some
details on the wonders achieved and exhibited at the
Champs de Mars in 1867.

FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAINE, April 22.

On Wednesday last, 'William Cornell Jewett,
Esq., of Philadelphia, was married to Miss Char-
lotte Berna, daughter of Anthony Berna,' Esq., of
New York. Consul-General William Walton
Murphy, assisted by Hobard Miller, Esq , Attaché
of the United States Legation (late Adjutant of the
19th Michigan Cavalry), performed the marriage
ceremony, and pronounced them " one and insepa-
rable," as the stars and stripes of the glorious ban-
ner under which the bride and her attendants stood,
surrounded with rare plants and brilliant flowers.
After a recherchj dejeuner, the happy pair started
for Baden-Baden, and their health was drank iu a
parting bumper of champagne. Among the guests
were—Mrs. Murphy, Baron Reinach, Consul for
the Kingdom of Belgium, wife, and son ; Sir Chas.
Shaw, Brigadier-General in the British army, an
old war-worn hero, with his wife ; E. S. -Wheeler,
of Philadelphia, late of the United States navy ;
Dr. Bernhard, correspondent of several English and
American newspapers, &0., &c. Mr. Jewett has in
his employ, as a free man, Robert Brown, a coloured
man, late servant and slave of Jefferson Davis,
with whom he was, at the time of the capture of his
master by the Federal troops.

THE UNION PACIFIC RAIL WAY.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)

Naval and Military Intelligence.

Mr. Corry, M.P., and the members of the Board
of Admiralty who have been engaged on a visit to
the several outports, returned to London
yesterday
from Portsmouth, where they disembarked from the
paddle yacht Enchantress, Staff Commander Pettey'
Rear-Admiral R. S. Robinson, Controller of thi:
Navy, also returned to London from Portsmont
yesterday. Previous to the departure of their Lord-
ships from Portsmouth the Roads and Works Col"
mittee of the Borough Council had an audience, 11
appointment, with Mr. Corry—Sir S. C. Dacres,
K.C.8., Major Clarke, R.E., the Admiralty Direc-
tor of Works, and Capt. Brandreth, R.N., Private
secretary, being present—to submit plans for Pre;
venting the encroachment of the sea and for th,_
formation of an esplanade between Southsea Castle
and Fort Cumberland—a continuation of the Pre-
sent esplanade along the line of beach between
Portsmouth town fortifications and Southsea Castle
:1
Mr. Corry promised the most serious consideration
of the Board of Admiralty, in conjunction with a%
War Department, to the scheme submitted. It
necessary that some decisive steps should be at °l3co
taken in the matter, the stone apron or glacis ,a
1„
front of Southsea Castle being already destroyed by
the action of the sea in S. and S.E. gales, the diteAbed
of its supporting and as yet unfinished iron-sbielue
earthworks cut through and filled up with shingle'
The same destructive action is at work, indeed, atop:
the whole 4,000 yards' length of sea beach betwee
the Castle and Fort Cumberland, and unless reale;
dial works are at once entered upon Forts Ltle3P
and Eastney, which have been constructed at Wi;
mense cost, will soon have their ditches eate
through, and their ramparts levelled with the shiogyo
of the beach. The deputation to Mr. Corry frd
the Borough Roads and Works Committee consiste
of the Mayor, Mr. E. Emanuel ; Mr. Chambers'
J.P., ex.-Mayor; and Mr. Councillor E. Gait.
The paddle frigate Terrible, Capt. Cornmere'ci
C. 8., V.C., is under orders to sail from spitbe3.
this morning for the Mediterranean.
clef
The Chanticleer, screw sloop, Conn-011w
Bridges, arrived at Spithead yesterday nwrill
from the Thames en route for the Pacific.

The Central Division extends from Denver to
Salt Lake City, a distance, by the proposed line, of
403 miles. There are two passes by which the
road might be carried. The present mail coach
runs through Bridger's Pass, forming a sort of semi-
circle to the route by Berthond's Pass, which may
be described as the diameter, the former the circum-
ference, being 612, that is 209 miles longer than the
latter. Not only is the present mail coach road
longer, but it is more difficult, involving the passage
of two Snowy Sierras—the Rocky Mountains and
the Wasatch. The direct road from Denver to
Salt Lake City follows the 40th degree of latitude,
and has therefore an almost due east and west course.
It ascends Clear Creek to Empire City, crosses the
Snowy Sierra at Berthoud's Pass, and descends im-
mediately into Middle Park. From the Snowy
Sierra to the Sierra Wasatch the line crosses the
valley of the great Colorado, descending by the bank
of the White River to Green, and ascending by the
bank of the Wintah River to the Wasatch. It tra-
verses a succession of parks and valleys, free from
any considerable altitudes, pursuing a river border
continuously through a country depressed among
mountains covered and protected within them,
fertile in soil and genial in temperature throughout
the year. The saving in distance is closely calcu-
lated by Mr. Leland, and he shows that nearly
15179,000 would have been economised had the mail
coach road been originally formed by this route, in
the mere expense of running the conveyance, and
in time, two days would have been saved. Nor would
these have been the only gains. The route would
have carried the traveller through a vastly superior
country, with a better climate, with timber, fuel,
and water in uninterrupted abundance and good
quality, offering to settlers along the road attractive
farms within the parks. When the railway reaches
Denver, the Eastern States will be in connectio❑
with the great mining city. Denver stands at the
head of the rolling prairies, and is termed the City
of the Plains. As it stands also at the foot of the
Rocky Mountains at a high elevation, it might as
aptly be termed the City of the Mountains. Mr.
Hepworth Dixon described it " as containing 4,000
people, with ten or twelve streets laid out, with two
hotels, a bank, a theatre, half-a-dozen chapels, fifty
gambling-houses, and 100 grog-shops. As you
wander about these hot and dirty streets you seem
to be walking in a city of demons. Every fifth
house appears to be a bar—a whisky shop, a large
beer saloon. Every tenth house appears to be a
brothel or a gaining-house—very often both in one.
In these horrible dens a man's life is of no more

worth than a dog's. Until a couple of years ago, when
a change for the better began, it was quite usual for
honest folks to be awakened from their sleep by the
noise of exploding guns, and when daylight came
to find that a dead body bad been tossed from the win-
dow into the street. No inquiry has ever been made
into the cause of death ; decent people merely said,
" Well, there is one sinner less in Denver, and may his
murderer meet his match to-morrow." A great
change has been wrought, as Mr. Dixon allows, in
these two years, and no doubt Denver, when opened
out by this line, with its immense mining wealth,
will grow with amazing rapidity. The other Ter-
minus of the Central Division is the Mormon city
of the Great Salt Lake. " This singular town
covers an area of about nine square miles—that is,
three miles each way. It is one of the most beauti-
fully laid out cities in the world. The streets are
very. wide, with water running through nearly
every one of them. Every block is surrounded with
beautiful shade trees, and almost every house has
its neat little orchard of apple, peach, apricot, and
cherry trees. In fact, the whole nine square miles
is one continuous orchard." The further the
line penetrates westward, the more difficult it be-
comes ; and it is in the westward division that
nature has piled up its greatest obstacles to test the
skill of engineers and the enterprise of the inhabi-
tants. The Government grants $48,000 per mile
for 300 miles of the most mountainous and difficult
part of this road, and $32,000 per mile for other
sections more easy of construction, while the line
across the prairies and through the valleys is sub-
sidised at only $16,000 per mile. The line is now
being carried from the navigable waters of the
Sacramento eastward through California. The
laying of the track was commenced in June, 1864,
and a considerable distance has been completed. The

Californians declare they will finish their section in
two years and a half from the beginning of this year.
10,000 coolies are kept constantly employed. However

energetic and skilled in mining, penetrating moun-

tains, and blasting rocks, the Californians may be,
Mr. Leland considers this estimate too sanguine, and

gives from five to ten years as the time allotted by
those who ought to know. The road will penetrate

through Utah, Nevada, and Upper California, t,:a-
Vergies the r:Lelic:st, uUUlna alaticletS oL mese States.
The distances given by Mr. Leland are from New
York to Kansas City, via Pennsylvania, 1,357 miles.
From Kansas City to Denver, 601 miles; from
Denver to Great Salt Lake City by Berthoud's
Pass, 403 miles ; giving a total distance from the
City of the Mormons to New York, by the Pennsyl-
vania road, of 2,361 miles, or, to Philadelphia 76
miles less. What the distance is from the Mormon
City to San Francisco we have no means of ascer-
taining. The completion of this road will, as we
have all along maintained, work a revolution in the
course of travel, and will exert a marked influence
on the United States. The best mining tracks will
be fairly opened to the world, and the yield of sil-
ver and gold promises to be so large that these
metals cannot escape a heavy depreciation. The
Mormon institution of polygamy will be over-
whelmed without the necessity of a blow. The vast
States of the Union will be knit together ; and if
the plan advocated by Mr. Partridge be adopted,
and the capital removed to St. Louis, the Central
Government will hold a central post with every
wire i❑ its hand that thrills to the vast extremities.
It would be easier for the Supreme Government to
rule from St. Louis over the United States by means
of the rail and the telegraph, than it was in older
days for the British Government to rule without these
aids over the United Kingdom. The holders of the
" Manifest Destiny" doctrine, founded in reason
and patriotism as it is, will gain an
.accession of
strength by the tide of events, and those who have
been in the habit of sneering at what they are
pleased to consider the extravagant boasting of
Americans will be compelled to confess in the ex-
traordinary speed with which these advances have
been made, that time but adds cohesion to its
strength, and that there is no necessity in nature for
the weight of this gigantic Republic to break it in
pieces.