The Sun.
London, England, 1867-10-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 26, 1867.

a de facto Government, and recognised as a bellige-
rent, had the right to make war, and this war,
therefore, could not be treason to another power.
Extremes meet, as is shown by the fact that the
most violent Radical holds the same doctrines, and
Thaddeus Stevens might be employed to defend
Jefferson Davis.
We cannot pass without notice a subject which
has disagreeably brought forward the name of a
man whose memory is justly venerated throughout
the States. Mrs. Lincoln seems to have been proof
against the high-toned influences which a constant
association with the late President ought to have
imparted. She would make an admirable trader, if
she did not overshoot her mark. It is said that
$75,000 were invested in the name of Mr. Lincoln's
estate in Government Bonds, and that the value of
his property must have exceeded $lOO,OOO. Yet his
widow has hawked through New York shawls, dresses,
and jewels, thrusting them for purchase on those she
alleges to have received favours and offices at her
bands during herbusband'slife. Astheyrefused, Mrs.
Lincoln rushed into print announcing her intention
of selling her wardrobe at public auction, declaring
she could not live on the meagre pittance left by
her husband, and the grant by Congress after his
death. The goods were exhibited in a shop ou the
Broadway, and many examined them, but few pur-
chased. It is said that some wealthy. gentlemen
have purchased the lot, influenced by the wish to
withdraw the name they so much venerate from con-
nection with such a scandal. The New York Herald

advertised Mrs. Lincoln's poverty, asking the public,
especially the negroes, to send contributions for her
relief, and then published the notes enclosing the re-

mittances. A freedman wrote as follows :—" I
would send more, but I am a poor preacher of the
Gospel, and am not doing anything now. I was a
slave in Virginia till this war, and Mr. Lincoln made

me a free man." The New York Herald has thus hit
a hard blow.

Affairs in the Papal States have taken a most
unexpected turn. When our last number appeared
the Italian army was being massed on the frontier,
with orders, it was supposed, to march at once on
Rome. At Toulon the steam of a French squadron
was up and the decks crowded with troops. It was
supposed to be a race between the Italian army and
the French fleet, and the clash of regular troops to be
about to follow the guerilla operations of the Gari-
baldians against the Pope's Zouaves. Last Saturday
the position, judging from the English papers, was
hopeless, and the Emperor Napoleon in that sort of
dilemma where even there are no horns to seize.
Brilliant were the arguments and conclusive the
reasoning of that overgrown youngster, the Pall
Mall Gazette, that the Emperor had put his foot in
it ; it was impossible for him to retreat, and im-
possible for him to go forward to the right or
left, up or down; and it was quite ridiculous
to suppose he could remain where he was.
Poor Napoleon we thought, here's a pretty fix
Next Monday the troops had all disembarked, the
steam was shot off, the Italian army retiring to
their quarters, and the Garibaldians evacuating the
Papal States. Napoleon's position seemed to be
rather a strong and fortunate one; but what about
the Pull Mall Gazette and the other English journals
that had followed suit. We know what is meant in
America by "swinging round the circle." They all
took a lesson in that, and the Pall Mall, already
pretty well used to it, went gracefully and agilely
into the ring. The scare of last week has blown
over, and we are in hopes there will be no return
of alarming symptoms.

The Ilon. E. B. Washburne, of Illinois, who, if
report be true, will be Secretary of State when
General Grant becomes President, has made an in-
teresting speech at Galena, Illinois. As the intimate
friend of the great General what Mr. Washburuo
said is of much interest. According to him Grant
occupies the place of Secretary of War, not because
ho was ordered to that post by his superior, but
from his stern sense of duty to his country, which
impelled him to bar that important office to a
Copperhead and a Johnson man, who would hinder
reconstruction, demoralise the army, and sanction
fraudulent and bogus claims of rebels. Nor did he
step into Mr. Stanton's place until after full con-
sultation with that gentleman. Mr. Washburne
alleges that Grant favours the reconstruction policy
of Congress, and earnestly advocated the extra
session. lle believes that the negroes must be al-
lowed to vote.' lie upholds the credit of the
country, urges a more rigid economy in all branches
of public expenditure, and, through Mr. Wash-
burne, appears as a candidate defining his position.
On Saturday, the sth inst., the Democratic Con-

vention of New York closed its labours. The re-
solutions adopted are in the usual style of clap-trap.
They are pledged to redeem the State from corrup-
tion and misrule ; they demand economy in expend-
ing the public resources ; they maintain, as due to
the soldiers and sailors engaged in the war for the
Union, the gratitude of the Republic. They de-
nounce the efforts of the Radicals to retain their

usurped power by means of negro supremacy in the
South, alleging that military occupation, coupled
with the disfranAiseinentpf so large a portion of
the white population, was an outrage on Demo-
cratic principles, and an attempt to undermine and
destroy the Republic. The Convention closed
with a pathetic address from Governor Seymour, in
which he predicted years of triumph for the party.
The proposed reduction in the cable charges for
messages to and from America will come into opera-
tion on the Ist November. The present charge of
£lO for a message of ten words, giving five words
not exceeding twenty-five letters for the name
of the sender and receiver, is to be reduced one-
half, or to £5. For any word over and above ten,
and five for name and address, the charge will be
7s. 6d. Extra charges for code messages are under
this tariff to be abolished, the rate to be the same
as for ordinary business. The companies reserve
two rights : in the first place, they may decline any
particular form of code offered ; and in the second,
the receipts failing, within three months to reach a
specified sum, they may return to the original tariff.
We fear three months can scarcely give a fair trial,
but we hope that it will show such a progressive in-
crease that the companies may be encouraged to
proceed, even if the specified sum be not reached.

time in 1866. The exports for the first nine months of the
year, exclusive of specie, have been 5137,955,226 against
5149,247,456 to the same date in 1866. Foreign exchange
is dull. American silver is at 5} to 6 cents below gold;
Mexican dollars at 1021 to 103 in gold. Railway stocks
are firm and active. There have been many fluctuations
during the week. Erie have advanced, on the result of
the election, Daniel Drew being defeated, and the road
transferred into the hands of the Boston, Hartford, and
Erie Railroad, and the Vanderbilt interests. John S. Eld-
ridge, president of that road, is now also President of the
Erie. The New York Central, Michigan, Southern,
and North Western have also advanced. The Chicago
Rock Island and Pacific Railroad pays its half- yearly
dividend of 5 per cent. The Cleveland and To-
ledo road has added 25 per cent. to its capital,
previous to consolidation with the Cleveland, Painesville,
and Ashtabula Railroad. There has boon some excite-
ment on the discovery at the Treasury of counterfeit 7-30
Bonds. They are either counterfeits or duplicates, and if
counterfeits they have beau so cleverly executed that the
most skilful, both in Wall-street and in the Treasury, fail
to detect them. The discovery was only made by the
duplication of the numbers in the Treasury. It is
thought they came from Europe. The plate is a fac
simile of the original, but there is a barely perceptible
difference in- the coloured inks. Express stocks closed
yesterday as follows:

Adams, 64} to 621; American, 62 ; United States, 621
to 64 ; Wells, Fargo, and Co., 56 to 561; Merchants' Union
($35 paid), 23 to 24 ; and railroad and miscellaneous :
New York Central 1131, Erie 691, Hudson 127, Reading
1011, Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana 831, Illinois
Central 122, Cleveland and Pittsburg 821, North-Western
43/, North-Western Preferred 671, Canton 44f, Rock Island
97/, Cleveland and Toledo 1318, Fort Wayne 100 f, Pacific
Mail 142, Quicksilver 25, Western Union Telegraph 361,
Mariposa Preferred 17, Ohio and Mississippi Certificates
261, Boston Water Power 19, Cumberland n.

(From E. F. Satterthwaite and Co.'s Weekly Circular, Oct. 23.)
Our latest reports from New York by the Java aro to the
12th inst. Government Bonds had fluctuated considerably
since our previous advices, having advanced at one time
quite one-and-a-half per cent.; but on the discovery of
some forgeries of Treasury 7.30 notes prices gave way, but
again rallied. Railroad Stocks generally had improved,
and for Mortgage Bonds there was a fair inquiry. For
money there was a good demand, but without any pressure.
The unsettled state of European politics has, during
the past week, had an unfavourable influence on American
Securities in common with other Stocks. United States
5-20's at one time declined to 67i, and the 18G5 issue to
661, but from these quotations there has been a reaction,
and they close 691 to I, and 671 to respectively.
Illinois Central Shares aro steady at 78 to but Eries,
on fluctuations reported from New York by Telegram,
have shown considerable alterations, having been down as
low as 44}, and closing 451 to 46}.

In Atlantic and Groat Western Divisional Bonds there
have been but very limited transactions, while for the
Certificates of Debenture and Consolidated Bonds there
has, since the meeting, held yesterday, been a little more
inquiry.

(From Messrs. Bowles, Drecel, and Co.'s Circular.)
Paris, Oat. 25, 1867.

The excitement upon our Bourse has continued, with
steady decline in prices, until the announcement iu the
Moniteur of the cessation in the preparations for an armed
intervention on the part of France in the affair of Rome.
A much more cheerful feeling has since prevailed, with a
decided reaction in prices.
Americans haveshared in the fluctuations of the general
market, and have also been to some extent adversely
affected by a rumour that the United States Government
proposed paying their indebtedness in paper money, in re-
futation of whi• h we are pleased to be able to annex copy
of a letter* from Mr. M'Culloch, Secretary of the Treasury,
dated Washington, October 7, positively denying there
being any foundation for such report.
We also annex the statement of the public debt of the
United States on the Ist October, 1867, which wo just re-
ceive from Mr. M'Culloch.
Our dates from New York aro to the 21st inst.
Gold
United States Bonds, 1862
We quote American firm.
1862 7B} 9-16
1865 76
The Rento closes at 6B 52}
The Italian closes at
Exchange on London 25 13}
* The letter is given in another column.

ROME AND ITALY.

A letter from Rome, dated Oct. 18, says :
The Giornale di Roma, which is the official organ
of the Holy See, published on the 12th inst. two
documents of great importance. The first is a
Bull sub plumbo—that is to say, of the most solemn
character—which suppresses and abolishes for ever
(in perpetuam) the Apostolic legation of Sicily and
its tribunal. The Bull calls this legation praetensa
legatio. In reality no one has ever produced the
text of the concession of Urban 11., by virtue of
which this legation was supposed to have been
instituted, or at least the text which was pro-
duced was always regarded as apocryphal. You
know that on the strength of this pretended con-
cession the Kings of Sicily, and afterwards the
Kings of Naples, considered themselves as dele-
gates of the Pope, with power to regulate a mul-
titude of questions referring to ecclesiastical disci-
pline ; such, for instance, as granting dispensations
for marriage, the secularization of religious houses,
&c.! Hence arose a number of abuses which, in the
eighteenth century, had become scandalous. Cle-
ment XI. suppressed the legation and its tribunal ;
but, at the instance, and listening to the promises
of Benoit XIII., King of Naples, he re-established
it on certain conditions and under certain reserva-
tions, which have been constantly violated by the
Kings. In Sicily the Kings were represented by
judex delegatus, nearly always a layman who com-
mitted enormous abuses of power. In the beginning
of the nineteenth century the Neapolitan and
Sicilian bishops supplicated the King, who was
then engaged in concluding a Concordat with
Rome, to yield to the wishes of the Holy See.
The King listened neither to their prayers nor to
the remonstrances of Rome. The legation was
re-established, such as it was, before the Bull of
Clement XI. Pius IX. has just abolished it; he
did it without consulting any one, even Francis 11.
The second document is a Brief to the Sicilian
bishops, clergy, and laity, declaring that Rome
would, indeed, permit that the Sicilians should
preserve a certain number, secured to them by
the Legation, only that these privileges should
henceforth be dispensed by the bishops. Up to the
present, the Italian Government has made no pro-
test ; indeed, by its principle, a free Church in a
free State, it has no right to do so. It is not
known why Pius IX. has only published this year
a Bull and a Brief which bear the date of 1864.

The public health is excellent; the oholEra has
ceased. By order of the Cardinal Vicar, at this
moment a triduum of thanksgiving is celebrated in
all the parish churches, or in those dedicated to
the Bleeped Virgin.

Tranquillity is perfect. This, perhaps, may
appear strange to you, but, nevertheless, it is the
exact truth. The Roman people share the belief
of Pius IX. Ile believes that the more the cause
of the Church appears in danger the nearer its
triumph is at hand. I cannot sufficiently urge you
to put no faith in the news that comes by the way
of Florence ; there are no insurgents in the Papal
States—there are only invaders. Up to the present
they have gained no important success, and they
occupy no place, with the exception of Nerola, as I
will presently relate. There are more than 400
prisoners, and upwards of 50 killed and wounded.
With the exception of 16, who are natives of the
present States of the Church, all the prisoners
belong in part to the former Papal provinces, and
in part to other Italian provinces. There are
amongst them beardless boys, escaped from college,
shopboys, shoemakers, &c. They are to be con-
ducted to Civita Vecchia. They are treated in
every possible respect as prisoners of war, even
the 16 Papal subjects ; their arms have been
confiscated ; they are mostly in a very bad condi-
tion.

I suppose that you translate every week for your
readers the news from the Giornale di Roma, as it
comes to hand. This news only is correct, for the
Papal Government tells the truth, and the whole
truth.

You know how the Zouaves delivered Subiaco
on the 11th from a band of Garibaldians, who
had invaded it during the absence of a part of
the garrison. 'They made 17 Garibaldians pri-
soners, and killed 3, one of whom was the leader,
and wounded several. They themselves had only
2 wounded, one of whom is Lieutenant Desclee, a
Belgian. The governor of Subiaco and the bishop,
who were guarded by Garibaldian sentinels, were
delivered, and the population welcomed the soldiers_
with " Viva Pio Nono !" " Viva the Papal Army !"
The next day, the 13th instant, 90 Zouaves endea-
voured to drive away the Garibaldians from Monte
Libretti, where they were at first to the number
of 200. The Zouaves, at half-past five in the even-
ing, attacked the position, and drove out 200 Gari-
baldiaus, making 10 prisoners. They entered into
the city, but they found that the Garibaldians
were reinforced. After a desperate encounter the
Zouaves were repulsed. They lost two officers—
Lieutenant Guillemain and Sub-Lieutenant De
Quelen, many men, and six prisoners ; but the
Garibaldians had 25 men killed or wounded. In
the night the Garibaldians retired to Nerola,
where they are now to the number of 1,500.
Nerola is a little village close to the frontier, on a
height difficult of attack. Since yesterday 1,500
soldiers have been concentrated under the walls,
with four cannons, under the command of M. de
Charette.
This letter will reach you by way of Leghorn,
for the communications are interrupted between
Rome and Florence, the Garibaldians having cut
the wires at the frontier.
On the 16th a detachment of gendarmes of the
Legion of Antibes and of Chasseurs routed a strong
band which had entered Vallecorsa from the Neapo-
litan frontier.
It is said that Garibaldi is at Terni, and that his
two sons, Menotti and Ricciotti, are at Nerola.
Menotti sent back, with a polite letter, to Colonel
Alex, of the Zouaves, at Rome, the clothes, watch,
and purse of Lieutenant Guillemain. But what has
become of the money, the pay of the company,
which M. Guillemain carried with him in his purse ?
There are at Nerola, among the Garibaldians, six
wounded Zouaves, who are, it appears, very well
treated. An English lady, whose naive I could not
learn, went to visit them.
We are assured that tranquillity will not be
disturbed at Rome, notwithstanding the bravados
of the revolutionary party. In every case, if there
should be the least attempt at disturbance, the city
will .be placed in a state of siege. The police
expel all suspected persons. They know all that
passes, and that there are twenty-four detachments
(squadriglie) of revolutionists ready to attempt a
disturbance.
The Pope invited to dinner yesterday, in the
Vatican, fifty-four persons, heads of families, one
for each parish, to make up to them for the loss
of the October excursions, which they had been
prevented from enjoying.
By a decree inserted in the Giornale di Roma,
the Pope intrusts to the Bishop of Lublin the
administration of the diocese of Podlachia, the
bishop of which has been exiled by the Russian
Government.
A letter from Florence, dated October 20, says :
It is impossible not to be disgusted at the farce
which is being enacted here. So flimsy is the veil
thrown over the Government direction of the so-
called Garibaldian movement that one wonders
whom it can be supposed to have deceived. In the
caf6s, in the railways, in all places of general resort,
and in the public prints, the relation in which the
Government stands to the movement is perfectly
well understood by all.
I have just arrived from Venice. All the way
recruiting of so-called volunteers is openly going
on. To judge by appearances, new suits of clothes
and plenty of money to spend on drink by the
way are the inducements which draw the scum of
the populace into the movement. It seems not
very successful, however, as they only come in
driblets. We have had little gatherings of them
several times joining our trains, rough noisy lads
between sixteen and twenty, with a scarlet shirt
or some bit of red as a symbol of their destination,
and two or three soldiers to look after them and
see they do not run away again.
At Ferrara a poor old fellow came running to
the station, bought or begged back his son, and
dragged him off in triumph.
You will see by be nurnals sent herewith that