The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-29 00:00:00

Acting iSlanv:er—Mr. Wm. Buillla.

HEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM,
Soie Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE.

THIS EVENING THE HUSH TUTOR'. Dr. O'Toole,
Mr. John Drew.

After which, the Lyceum Christmas Comic Extravaganza,
CRYSTABELLE : or, The Rose without a Thorn, showino,
THE VISION OF "'A ROSE. ITS FADING AT EVE,
AND THE ➢IAY-BLOOM OF THE WILD BRIAR.

Followed by the comic Drama, entitled HANDY ANDY.
Messrs. Campbell, Johnstone, T. Lyon. Forrester, Villiers,
rutler, and John Drew; Mrs. J. :Rouse, Miss Hudspeth, Miss
M. Ternan, and Miss Neville.

A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WE. BATTY.
This Evening, a new Spectacle, entitled TRE LION
CONQUEROR ; or, The Death Jungle, expressly for the
introduction of the Wonders of the World. " The Groupe
of Performing Lions." The Lion Conqueror, Mr. J. Crockett.
To be succeeded by Scenes in the Arena, supported by
talented Parisian and British Artistes.
Concluding with Batty's Prize Equestian Comic Panto-
mime, for Good Little Boys and Girls, by T. L. Greenwood,
entitled HARLEQUIN AND THE WONDERFUL
HORSE •, or. Percinet and Grociosa, the Ugly Duchess and
the Greedy KinG., produced with Gorgeous Scenery, by Mr.
Cuthbert, new Costumes and Appointments, and introducing
in the comic scenes Batty's Prize Equestrian Harlequinade,
and the celebrated Old Bob Ridley, and :Brandon Ledger.
Harlequin Mr. Sylvester. -
columbine Miss Ilariet Dalton.
Pantaloon Mr. G. Perks.
Clown Mr. James Cooke.
Sprites—Messrs. Thorne, Lockhart, and Sons.
Doors open at half-past ei, performance commence at 7.
Box-offiCe open daily from 11 till 4
Stare Manager—Mr. W. 'WERT.
Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson.

CANTERBURY HALL.
Open Every Evenin,2; at Seven.
GEAND SELECTION,, (First Time) from LA EMMA
DEL REGIMEN TO (Donizetti), NORMA, SONNA3IBULA,
and MARTHA.

Principal Artistes Miss RUSSELL, Madame MARTA, Miss
TYRRELL, Miss WILLIAMS, Mr. HENRY HERBERT, C.
W. BERNARD, and Signor TIVOLI.
Musical Director...., Mr. F. JONG TIM AN S.
The Comic Department comprises Messrs. J. BLANCHARD,
A. B. HOLLINGSWORTII, Master BARRY, G. W. FELL,
CHARLEY Fox, and E. MARSHALL.

The Fine Arts Gallery has been enriched by the addition of
the late John Martin's three Grand Pictures—viz., " THE
GREAT DAY of HIS WRATH," "THE PLAINS of
HEAVEN," and " THE LAST JUDGMENT," on view
until 1') o'clock at Night.

IRE IV.EATI-1 .13.3.—571.401,P1CE, DEC. 29, 1860.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
32—highest since noon yesterday.
18—lowest this morning and .filuring the night.
28—this day at noon.!
BAROME9ER-30.40; a rise of nearly an inch since yes-
terday.
WIND—South-Easterly—rather fresh ; with bitter cold
weather.

HILT{ WATER. AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THia DAY.—Morning, 2h. 32m.—Afternoon, 2h. 52m,
To-monlao-w.-Morning, 3h. 13m.—Afternoon, 3h. 33m.

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THE SUN.

LOND(a) SATURDAY, DEC. 29, 1860.

The re-eSlablishment of PeaCe once more between
the Chinese and ourselvefewas yesterday not inap-
prOpriately celebrated by n the 'firing of .the Park
Guns, while we wrote _upon that rapid triumph
achieved
by the Allied Expedition. Since then
the ofricials
aespatches have been promptly given to
the pubile Immediately
,upon the Morrow of Mr.
Loafs arrival in e•
t el 'country with the newly
negotiated Treaty' l'lgued and sealed in Pekin itself
by the two respective -Royal and Imperial Commis..
sioners, his Ilighnc's TSAI, Prince of I, uterine
brother -of the Emperor. ILIEN FUNG, and his
Excellency, the Earl of Her Britannic
MAJESTY'S Ambassador ExtrAerdir,tiry
and Mini-
ster Plenipotentiary. These imPoTtuut documents
illustrating, iea
a very remarkable manner, the
course of events out at the seat of the late war at the
opposite extremity of this hemisphere—documents
.which will be.-round given in extenso in another
part of The Sun of this'evening—will amply repay
perusal throughout, notwithstanding the formidable
length to which they have, not much to our
astonishment, extended. As yet, we can hardly
realise the magnitude of the occurrences that have
just now come to pass within the walls of the mighty
and mysterious capital of China, and far and wide
over the no less mysterious countryside in that
great city's immediate neighbourhood. Posterity
viewing these astonishing incidents from a distance
of time more suitable in many ways for their ade-
quate appreciation, will turn with profound
curiosity to the very records given in our impres-
eion of this evening, regarding them as historic nar-
ratives of an interest, in many particulars, wholly
unparalleled. They -will hardly fail to marvel at
the extraordinary respidity and completeness with
which the mystery of China and the Chinese came
at length to be solvel by the merest handful of
resolute Europeans, atter the lapse of so many
centuries in the previous history of the world,
during which tibt, singular mystery remaining

altogether inscrutable and impenetrable. It will •
then be remembered, not without an enduring
sense of surprise and admiration, how so small a
force of Allied Englishmen and Frenchmen marched
from the shores of the Gulf of Pecheli—pausing
but for a brief interval at Tiei-tsin—marched
directly, during the autumn of 1860, upon that
world-famous City of Pekin, that had never before,
in the annals of the human race, been approached
by a force of armed Europeans ! It will continue to
be borne in recollection generations hence with
wonder, and not without gratification, how that
little army of Anglo-French warriors routed upon
their march again and again, apparently over- ,
whelming masses of the Tartar cavalry, led by
their most redoubtable leader the Prince SAN-KO-
LIN.siN, the Chinese Generalissimo. How at their
nearer and nearer approach to the hitherto inviolable
capital of the Empire, thereigning EMPEROR over
four hundred million Chinese fled in terror from
his palace of luxuries, fled panic stricken with the
remnant of his defeated armies far away beyond
the frontiers of China Proper, into the savage wilds
of Tartary. Then will be read with hardly less
profound emotion, with hardly less eager curiosity
than that felt by ourselves the living contempo-
raries of the events related in them, those enthral-
ling records of Tartar craft and Tartar cruelty—
penned by the few fortunate survivors from among
the ntmber of the little band of European pri-
soners infamously entrapped by these Asiatic
barbarians, the boasted conservators of a purely

imaginary civilization.
Conspicuous among these authentic narratives,
pre-eminent amongst them in every particular will
remain henceforth, we may rest perfectly well
assured, the masterly document :written by her
MAJESTY'S Consul, Mr. HARRY PARKES, that com-
plete and categorical document, for the prompt
diffusion of which our columns of this evening lend
their ready aid in extending its immediate circula-
tion. When examined carefully—as it deserves—
Mr. PARKES's statement will be found to be in
every way what it could have been wished,
or what it could have been expected. It
is full, detailed, and perspicuous. It forms
at once the most lucid, the most reliable,
and the most picturesque narrative of his ever-
memorable captivity. It illustrates, in a startling
manner, as never certainly before has upon any
occasion before been illustrated the whole idiocyn-
oracy of the Tartar character, the whole system of
the Chinese Government. Nothing could be more
clear and succinct than the account given by Mr.
PARKES in the earlier portion of this lengthened
History of his Captivity, the carefully detailed
account there given by him of the incidents, mark-
' ing the date of its commencement on Tuesday, the
18th of September. Every individual fact, every
minute circumstance there related, tends to the com-
plete vindication of this good servant of the Crown,
this singularly able, daring, and generous-hearted
Englishman, from the base and, as we felt
certain, they would prove the utterly
groundless charges directed against him but
little more than a week ago, by our chief morn-
ing contemporary. According to the Times of last
week it was upon Mr. PARKES that devolved the
responsibility of the occurrences of the 18th of
September," those occurrences which resulted unhap-
pily in the seizure and subsequent death by torture
of so many of our lamented fellow-countrymen.
According to the irresistible evidence of actual facts
now brought clearly under the observation of, us
all, Mr. PARKES, on the contrary, upon the 18th
of September, risked his life, his reputation
everything in the endeavour to effect the
liberation of his cunningly and lawlessly entrapped
companions. It was to Mr. PARKES himself more-
over to his unflinching and unhesitating determi-
nation from first to last, while in the midst of the
most frightful perils, and when weighed down body
and soul by prolonged and apparently hopeless
sufferings, it was to this brave and generous man's
constancy, under Heaven, that Mr. LOCH and
those others who were returned alive at last to
the Allied Camp from the very jaws of destruction,
may be said most truly to have owed their almost
miraculous preservation.

And now while we are closing these remarks of
ours after our first eager perusal of these enthral-
ling documents, published elsewhere, in elucida-
tion of the closing incidents of the late extraor-
dinary War in China, we may revert with
satisfaction to tilt formal Treaty of Peace, the
arrival of which in England woke yesterday in
the capital of our empire the exultant booming of
our artillery. Brief though that Treaty is, number-
ing in all no more than Nine Articles, each
in turn sententiously enough expressed, the im-
portance of it in every particular is almost, we
might venture to assert, beyond the reach of exag-
geration. The date alone has its significance—
" Done at Pekin, in the Court of the Board of
Ceremonies, on the 24th day of October, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty !"
Article I. expresses distinctly, on the part
of his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of
CHINA, his MAJESTY'S " deep regret" at the
occurrence of the ambuscade at the Talcu fortifica-

tione. Article 11. decides that in accordance with
a stipulation in the former treaty (that of 1858)
" her Britannic MAJESTY'S representative will
henceforward reside permanently or occasionally
at Pekin," according to her Britannic MAJESTY'S
I will and pleasure. Article 111. fixes the amount
of the indemnity at the moderate sum of 8,000,000
taels, and not, as we had hoped (and as we can-
not now but regret that it is not) at 16,000,000.
Article IV. provides for the opening to trade hence-
forth of the port of Tient-tsin. Article V. declares
that perfect freedom in future is to be allowed for
Coolie emigration. Article VI. announces the yield-
ing up to England of a certain portion of the town-
ship' of Cowloon. Article VII.--not by any means,
as will be seen at a glance, the least important of
the Nine—asserts in two pithy paragraphs, firstly
—" It is agreed that the provisions of the treaty of
1858, except in so far as these are modified by the
present convention, shall without delay come into
operation as soon as the ratifications of the treaty
aforesaid shall have been exchanged"—and se-
condly, "It is further agreed that no separate
ratification of the present convention shall be ne-
cessary, but that it shall take effect from the date
of its signature, and be equally binding with the
treaty
"
above mentioned on the high contracting
parties.
Article VIII. provides for the publica-
tion of the terms of the treaty by order of the EM-
PEROR of China throughout the whole of the vast
extent of his Imperial dominions. Article IX., relat-
ing to the withdrawal of our forces from China when
all the essential terms of this Treaty shall have
been duly carried out. And so drops the diplomatic
Pekin" on the part of the Emperor
curtain upon what has now tut two months ago
been " done at
HEIN-FLING by the Prince of 1,
MAJESTY'S
brother and
Imperial Commissioner, and on the ,
part of Queen VICTORIA by the Earl of
ELGIN
her Britannic MAJESTY'S Ambassador and Pleni-
potentiary.

Can 'anything liberal come from Austria? is a
questicii we naturally ask as each of the successive
docuroints issued by the Government have followed
each other. In every one hitherto some pitfall for
religious and political liberty has been quickly
detected, and the Protestant Chu; cl 2, and Hungary,

and the minor provinces of the empire, have not
been backward to point it out, and to decline to
move in the path to which they were invited. The
circumstances of the hour might make all tempo-
rarily pretty safe, but the circumstances of some
future hour might show that confidence was weak-
ness and ruin. We have now the full text before
us of the circular of the new Minister of the Interior,
Baron SCHMERLING, and what shall we say to it ?
It seems ungenerous to be for ever distrusting. Its
spirit is unquestionably a great advance upon that
of the former documents which have appeared since
the battle of Solferino ; but if we think of it in
comparison with anything which could be thought
of before that event, it looks as if " a change had
indeed come over the spirit of the dream" in
Austria. The Revolution, so far as it has gone in
Italy, is really not more wonderful than the issue
of such a manifesto as that which has just been
published by the Government of Austria.
What is perhaps most remarkable is the almost
entire dropping of the language of paternalism for
that of confidence in the capacity and good feeling
of the people. Thus, at the very beginning, the
EMPEROR for the first time speaks to his subjects
as full-grown men :—" His Majesty confides to the
matured intelligence of his people the prosperous
development and consolidation of the institutions
which contain in themselves the guarantee of a
free movement." In the same spirit " the public
rights of the people," and " the spontaneous
activity of the people," as the source of material
wealth, are distinctly asserted; and numerous are
the expressions of the same stamp. This revolution,'
in Austrian State language, should indicate some-
thing more than a mere verbal reform. One would
think that even an Austrian Government could
hardly be so demented as to adopt the very words
of constitutionalism and freedom when intending to
build up despotism. Such language is itself a
training of the people to the very opposite system.
Two years ago an editor, writing in this style,
would have written his next paper in a prison.
The Press will, no doubt, continue to receive
hints and advice which it will not dare to overlook,
yet the language of the circular respecting this
terror of tyrants is that of a trustful appeal, not
of warning—" As regards the press, which he must
consider one of the most powerful instruments for
the propagation of knowledge, and of the sentiments
which form the bases of sound instruction, the
arrangement made is that all preventive intervention
shall cease. It is only justice to acknowledge that
in* many difficult circumstances the press has
zealously and ably defended the cause of the
country; during the war the last year especially,
it happily combined a patriotic attitude with
prudence. this experience is of a nature to inspire
confidence, and the confidence which the Government
has resolved to plaee in the press will contribute, I
hope, to maintain it in that path of moderation, of
unimpassioned, cool, and rational judgment, of pro-
priety, and also to fill it with that noble pride to
which its mission of enlightening millions gives it
the right to aspire. The consciousness of inde-
pendence will at the same time imbue it
with the sentiment that it alone is re-
sponsible, and to a greater degree than
ever, both for the substance and the form, and
this sentiment will preserve it from all excesses."
What editor, after such an appeal, could refuse to
put the best construction on the acts of the con-
fiding Government ?
Baron SCHMERLING is a thorough German, in
regard to the length and semi-philosophical cast of
his sentences; but, unless the circumlocution be meant
to mislead, the avowal is as clear as liberal mysti-
cism could make it, that Austria is to become a con-
stitutional Power. Here is a pleasant Christmas
riddle for our readers, but we may hope that the
meaning is good :—" Austria has entered with all
her integral parts, equally, and in the same man-
ner, into the rank of those European States which
have found in participation, reposing on the oldest
historical foundations, and regulated by the public
right of all the people, the means of elevating her-
self to that high power which constitutes the fun-
damental condition of material prosperity and
intellectual impulse, the inviolability of the law
and of international consideration, as well as of
the patriotic pride which not only excites the
brave sons of the country to acts of courageous
heroism, but also gives increased strength to the
occupations of peace." 'The constitutionalism of
Austria is, however, perhaps necessarily, to be a
federal one. The advantage of nationalities being
strictly respected, and their development fostered
in their own way, is so strongly asserted, as to
suggest whether the divide et:inzpera was not in the
mind of the writer. One gr, eat advance is made upon
the Diploma. According ;fa that the classes only—
nobility, clergy, burghers, and peasants—were to be
represented ; this is to be superseded by the repre-
sentations of interests and direct election; the for-
mer scheme, had, indeed, met; with universal censure.
The composition of the fede: :al council—the Reichs-
rath—will be a very important affair. In regard
to this we are told that its construction on a libe-
ral basis is necessary, as a consequence of the
liberalising of the provincial councils. "It must,
therefore, not only be allowed the initiative and
publicity of its deliberations, but it will also be
necesssary for it to be appointed, leaving aside the
proposition of the provincial States, by the direct
election of those States, an .d for it to obtain by the
number of its members the consideration and
moral weight necessary fo) the high functions as-
signed to it." It is said that its members arc to be
increased to about 300. It is from the Reichsrath
that an anxious eye is cast on Hungary. Hunga-
rian mistrust seems to be deprecated on the double
ground of the determinat ion fully to respect the
rights of nationalities, and of the large powers to
be accorded to the Reichsrifich, in which the Hun-
'7-rictris must have a very 'considerable number of
representatives. Yet the nat ieEal rights of Hungary
undeniably clash with merging her highest poll

tical functions in a federai! coancil. Nothing can
be more certain than that 31ungary is legally, and
was de facto till 1849, an independent kingdom.

_ .
That her union with the other Austrian provinces,
except the partes annexce wa s wholly personal; that

her Diet must vote the tau: .es an number of sol•

diers, and that Austria could not, without leave,
introduce even a German reg iment into the country.
How such natural rights, now firmly demanded
back by the Hungarians, a in be surrendered to a
Federal Council, is not 'easy to see. Baron
SCHMERLING seems bent on. showing to the Hun-

garians such a very Tiber, 11 and constitutional

Austria that, smitten with the love of her, they

are to surrender the funda mental rights of their

Diet and kingdom, just tha t there may be such a
thing as a powerful and ur ►ited Austrian Empire.
It is to be feared—hoped, 1. re should rather say—

,hat the Hungarians will :stand to their colours.

Both the faithless Hapsbur, gs and the selfish and

conceited German bureau ;:rats are wholly un-
worthy of confidence, exce- pt as they are' kept in

fear. Hungary for the Hungarians is the only

security for a free Hungai T. What becomes of

Austria is of no earthly cone tequence. She has been
the pest of Europe this many a year; to cut her to
pieces and to liberalise her fragments is the best
thing which can be done wi;-,h her. The final re-
§ult would probably be a united Germany, of