The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-27 00:00:00

"A FAREWELL TO THE ENGLISH LEGION.

" When the cause of Italy meets with the sym.
pathy of free and civilised nations, we have an un-
exceptionable proof of its justice ; and when that
sympathy goes so far as to make them take up arms
and fight, we have a proof of the nobleness of the
aspirations which arise to shake off the yoke of
slavery. Inspired with this truth, Garibaldi, the
man of .the two worlds, conceived the thought of
forming a legion of English volunteers, who gene-
rously hastened to our assistance.
" Great and general as was our grief for those
brave men who fell under the walls of Capua, it is
immensely greater now that new vicissitudes oblige
you to leave our land, on which God smiles, and
which it seems men conspire to deceive. Yon de-
part, 0 generous and brave men, and Italy is not
yet all united, independent, and free ; but she is not
unworthy the sympathy, of your nation, the first in
Europe to conquer freedom, and which better than
any other people, still knows hew to defend and
fight for it. May your departure be a pledge of
securing that, we shall accomplish our great task
without the sacrifice of any other bleed but that
which we ought always to be ready to shed for our
beloved country ; and let us, 0 noble friends, wait
for better times to express the sincere gratitude of
all the Italian nation towards your generous coun-
try. These are the hearty wishes of the people of
Salerno, who now enjoy your presence and love you
as brothers.

" Farewell, brave men, farewell !
" Salerno, Dec. 14."
The answer of the Legion runs thus :
" SALEIaNO, DEC. 14.

"The officers and men of the British Volunteers
received with feelings of the utmost pride the
flattering address of the inhabitants of Salerno,
and they assure them that the cause of liberty is
one in which every man bearing the name of
Briton feels it an honour to shed his blood. They
regret that, owing to the- sudden orders from
Naples, so many of the regiui,ent had left before the
alr-IT-Pss was received, but before they arrive at their
homes it will be published in ail the Englisle
papers, and the people of their native country will
see with gratification that the efforts of her sons
are not unappreciated in Italy ; and may that
knowledge stir her to fresh efforts for the n‘lble
cause—a cause worthy of that brave and good mom
so loved by all of us, Joseph Garibaldi.
" Inhabitants of Salerno, farewell We leave
you with regret, and with a warm and grateful ap-
preciation of the kindnesses we have received from
you. " CIIARLES S. SMELT, Major.

THE KING OF ITALY AND FRA.NCIS

A letter has been received from Naples, the
writer of which says :—I have just now come into
possession of a copy of a letter, which was addressed
by Victor Emmanuel to Francis 11. when the for-
mer was at Florence. The letter deser red an answer,
though it never received one.
Dear Cousin,—Tt would ho uaoloao fur Yrn
point out the political state of the peninsula, since
the great victories of Magenta and Soiferino anni-
hilated the influence which Austria exercised upon
our country. The Italians are no more the people
of thirty years ago, to be led like sheep by their
rulers. They have acquired the full knowledge of
their rights, and they possess the wisdom and
strength necessary to defend them. Public opinion
has on the other hand sanctioned the principle,
that every nation has the incontestible right
of governing itself as it thinks best. When
once the overpowering influence of Austria was
conquered, it was natural enough that the people of
Italy should get rid of the minor princes and try
to constitute .a powerful and independent com-
munity. We have, therefore, reached an epoch at
which Italy must be divided into two powerful
States, one in the north the ether in the south,
which, by adopting a similar course of national
policy, should assist the Italian leading idea of
our times, which is unity. But to carry this pro-
ject into effect it is, I firmly believe, necessary that
your Majesty should at once abandon the fatal
course you have hitherto pursued. Should you re-
sist my pressing advice, which I beg yoa to 'believe
is the result of the truest affection for your welfare and
for that of your royal dynasty—should you repudiate
my friendly proposal, a time may come in which I
should be placed in the terrible alternative of
endangering the most urgent interests of my own
dynasty or of becoming in fact the chief instru-
ment of your ruin. The principle of dualism,
which, 'if successfully established and honestly
carried out, will at the same time ensure our hap-
piness and the happiness of our country, may be
still willingly accepted by the Italians. If you
allow a few months to pass without following the
friendly advice I give you, your Majesty will, in all
probability, experience the bitterness of those
terrible words, "It is too late," as a member of
your family did at Paris in 1830. The Italians
will then concentrate in me all their hopes,
and there are duties which, however painful
they may be, must ale fulfilled by an Italian
sovereign. Let us therefore work together at such
a noble work ; let us urge upon the Holy Father
the necessity of granting the requisite reforms let
us unite our States in a bond of real friendship,
from which the greatness of our country will ,
surely
spring. Grant at once a liberal constitution to
your subjects ; surround yourelf with the influence
of the men who are most esteemed for all they
have suffered in the cause of liberty ; dispel all
kinds of suspicion in your people, and let an ever-
lasting alliance be established between the two most
powerful States ofthe Peninsula. We will thenwork
.
together to insure to our country the great blessing
of being the sole arbitress of her future destinies.
You are young,and experience is not generally the lot
of youth. Allow me, therefore, to
mind the necessity of
you in my twofold capacity
of an Italian sovereign. impressh-d upon ygoivure
Majestyand
courier who will present y
this o lfegtatn
ietnrfteetoaril yaaroceuoranr
the return o
I anxiously wait b
a satisfactory answer.—Believe relative
ntial
most affectionate cousin,
Florence, April 15, 1860. e, your Majesty's
Well, to VICTOR EMMANUEL.
bat the who took it to Naples was
this letter not only no answer was given
orderly officer
not even allowed to deliver it to the king, as he
had been directed to do. It was just on that occa-
sion that the first/domestic quarrel took place be-
tween the young
queen and her obstinate husband.
This lade' having heard of Victor Emmanuel s
letter, telegraphed through a friend to Commenda-
tore di Martino, thee at Rome, to ask his advice.
Di :Martino answered that it was of the utmost
importance that the proposal of the Sardinian
monarch should be accepted et once. The unhappy
queen, therefore, urged her husband to accept it,
but the disastrous influence of the Queen Dowager
had already borne its fruit. Francis II obstinately
repulsed the wise advice of his young consort, and
from that moment the fate of the Bourbons of
Naples was decided. You know the rest.

WILLIAM HoGAB.TH.—The painter's life had been
hard-working enough? the labourer was willing, but the
harvest was very scanty. Such a little art public I such
low prices ! The six " Marriage ala Mode" pictures were
sold for 120 guineas, including Carlo Maratti frames, that
had cost;the painter four guineas each. The eight " Rake's
Progress" pictures fetched 22 guineas 'each. The six
" Harlot's Progress," 11 guineas each. The " Strolling
1-'l.yers" went for 2G guineas! 0 purblind connoisseurs
0 Dullard dillettanti I Still tilm was sopletliing for th
widow,—Qacc a Wok,

Campion, of the Fisgard; Mr. J. Petley and Mr. W.
Allen, commanding the Black Eagle and the Vivid.
The Hon. J. R. Drummond, Commodore-Superinten-
dent of Woolwich Dockyard, also watched the pro-
ceeding. The foggy state of the atmosphere and
other circumstances rendered the opportunity some-
what ;disadvantageous, notwithstanding the trial
was pronounced satisfactory ; and a favourable
report, it is understood, will be forwarded for
their Lordships' consideration, in which they
express their conviction that the night and day sig-
nals may now be rendered in the most intelligible
and comprehensive form.
The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty:—Lieut. John G. G. APHardy to
the Narcissus, additional for service in the Penguin
tender ; R. F. Warren, D. M. Smith, and Hugh
St. C. Hammill, midshipmen, to the Narcissus;
John H. Hodgson, naval cadet, to the Narcissus ;
John Lester, second.class arisistant engineer, pro-
moted in the Formidable
?or the Wildfire ;
neer, to the Indus James
K. Weatherley, actin- third-class assistant engi-
ior the Thais; and William M.
Jucs, paymaster, to the Indus.

THE it-RNIT

A circular memorandum, addresses
to the army
at home and abroad, has been issued) 01 n
which the
following is a copy : _

" Horse Guards, Dee. 21.
"As a means of facilitating and expediting the
official correspondence, it is particularly. requested
that letters addressed to this office may, invarirdAy.,
have the general purport thereof noted on the upper
lefthand corner.
" A list of the ordinary subjects on which the
Adjutant-General is referred to is shown in the
margin,' and, as a general rule, one of them will
be found to meet the case, but if not, any other ap-
propriate heading may be used.
" When a letter is a reply to one received, the
word quoted should be that which appears in the ,
Adj ut ant -General's communication.
" By command,
" J. YonKE SCARLETT, Adjutant-General."
The Adjutant-General, Sir James Yorke Scarlett,

"Adjutants for Rifle Corps, African Duty, Arms and
Ammunition, Bands, Books and Records, Claims, Cloth-
ing, Confidential Reports, Courts Martial, Discharge of
Soldiers, Discipline, Embarkation, Examination of Officers,
Furloughs, Guards of Honour and Royal Events, Horses,
Leavo of Abs en ce, Leave to Proceed Abroad,
Medals for Conduct, Medical Messes, Militia, Newly-ap-
pf oirated
Offic,Trs, Passages, Posting of officers, Promoticit
o Of Officers, Returns, Salutes and State
Ceremonies School of Musketry, Service and Depot Com-
panies—lnterchange of Officers and Men between, School-
masters, Uchool of Mu sic Staff Appointments and Regi-
ment, Staff Oullege, Transfers, Volunteering, Volunteers,
attached to Troops for Instruction, and War Medals."

blows from the formidable steam hammers completes
the process, and the iron is almost instantaneously
• turned out forged to the exact size and pattern
required. By this method a considerable portion of
the iron-work required in shipbuildingiti turned out
of hand in tine most rapid manner, the inventor
receiving the. special thanks of the Board of Admi-
ralty for his invention. Besides the large factory,
additional -workshops, forges and sheds are now in
course of construction, some of which hare been
already erected and fitted up with every require-
meet. The additional workshops to be erected
between the first and second docks, in close proxi-
mity to the latter, are being built by Messrs.
Grissell and Co., and some progress has been already
made in that work.
A special trial was yesterday made at Woolwich,
on board the Fisgard, with Mr. Ward's coloured
flags, constituting the day signals of the " Ocean
Marine Telegrapai." The Board of Admiralty hav-
ing approved th.e alterations carried out by the in-
ventor for the i'mprovement of the night signals, in
reducing the lamps to one-fifth their former weight
and size. have, supported the suggestion that the
white and blue should be excluded from the signals,
in consideration of the indistinctness of those shades
when displayed in front of white clouds or sails and
a clear blue horizon. The orange and black have
consequently been substituted in their place. The
flags are 27 in number, thereby furnishing a repre-
sentative for each letter of the alphabet, and are
likewise arranged for indicating the numerals. For
conciseness of correspondence long words, such as
" commander," are abreviated thus—C'M"D'R, &c.
The black flag when hoisted alone signifies the
making of a signal by the numerical system. ; the
red, orange, and black flag indicates a signal by
the cypher alphabet or commercial code of signals ;
the orange flag alone gives an answer in the affir-
mative, the red flag alone forms a negative, the
black, orange, and black flag denotes a desire to
have the signal repeated, but if hoisted by the
receiver, intimates a desire to have the correspond-
ing signals repeated ; and the black and red flag.,
when displayed alone, indicates distress. The fle.gs
are made of registered bunting and are composed
of only three colours, with an equal division in each
sag, whereby the distance the signals can be seen
and clearly distinguished is much greater than it
would be if composed of many colours, and, from
their pennaat shape, the shades are perceptible in
storm or calm. Yesterday's trials consisted of the
transmission of messages from ship to shore ; a com-
mittee of officers having been nominated for that
purpose, consisting of Mr. R. Thomas and Mr. H