The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-09 00:00:00

FHE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 9, 1867.

TORENCH GALLERY, 120, PALL-MALL.-
The FOURTEENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION of
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Flemish Schools, 13 NOW OPEN.
Admission, Is. Catalogue, td.

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OSBORNE'S STILTON

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Private Instruction is given in Mineralogy and Geology by
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ha 3 comiolidated by ages of time no human

hand can dissolve. The onward march of Divine

Providence has accomplished this fusion of races, in
their higher and mightier unity. There is no re-
turning upon the past. The wheat in the ear can-
not go back into the stalk, nor the stalk into the
blade. As the world moves onward, the provi-
dence of God calls into existence new social orders ;

and out of them arise right, justice, and sove-
reignty. For this reason the Apostle says—" Let
every soul be subject to higher powers : for there is
no power but from God ; and those that are, are
ordained of God. Therefore he that resisteth the

power, resisteth the ordinance of God. And they
that resist, purchase to themselves damnation."
In these words S. Paul is speaking of the
heathen empire of Rome : of a civil power always
active in persecuting the Church. He declares
the government of the empire to be from God,
and to have a claim upon the conscience of
Christians to obey it. If so, the empire of Great
Britain has the same rights and claims, the same
obligation on our conscience, and on our obedience.
To rise against it, is to resist the ordinance of God ;

and they that resist shall receive to themselvea not
only the penalties of man, but the judgment of God.
We have long ago warned those who praised, flat-
tered, abetted, justified, glorified the revolutions of
the continent, and above all the revolution in Italy,
to take heed lest their own principles should recoil
upon themselves. They have recoiled upon us now.
The same anti-social, anti-Christian principles,
which have been conspiring in the dark against the
Government of the Sovereign Pontiff, have now con-
spired against the English monarchy. We have
always condemned these principles everywhere,
and equally, as intrinsically sinful. The temporal
power of the Pope, on the lowest ground, rests on
the same providential ordinance as the British
Empire. The British Empire, on its highest
base, rests upon the same foundation. We
have consistently defended both upon the same
laws and principles ; and we likewise condemn
all conspiracy, and all excitement to sedition from
neighbouring States, whether in Italy or in Ireland,
as anti-social and anti-Christian.
I am the more watchful to warn you, dear chil-
dren in Jesus Christ, because at this moment the
principles of rebellion have been openly and syste-
matically published among you. The first number
of a paper has been sent to me, addressed especially
to my flock in London, and intended as a means of
uniting others in a common cause throughout Eng-
land. It is my duty to declare to you the nature
of that paper, and my judgment upon it. Whatever
be the good intentions or patriotic virtues of its
authors, I am bound not to suffer errors to enter
among you without warning.
In the first number, then, published on March
16, I find the following words :
" As long as prelates and priests, when from the
pulpit or the altar they preach to their flocks, con-
fine themselves to spiritual topics, to subjects
purely religious, so long should not a layman criti-
cise their sermons, exhortations, or discourses ; but
if the bishop or the priest discourses ethics, then we
have the right to criticise the subject under consi-
deration. And for the good reason that, with very
few emendations made by the Church, the morals
or ethics of Cicero or Aristotle—Pagans—are those
now in use. Their principles a learned layman can
apply to the analysis of any theme, just as well as
the most exalted ecclesiastical dignitary."

That is to say, bishops and priests are to be
listened to when they preach the doctrines
of faith, but not when they preach the doc-
trines of morals ; their authority is confined to the
faith alone. But the Church is infallible both in
faith and morals ; and bishops and priests are bound
to preach the infallible truths and laws both of faith
and morals, under and by the authority of the
Church. Now " ethics" are morals ; and the first
laws of politics are a part of morals. It was as a
teacher of political morality that S. Paul enjoined
obedience to the powers, and condemned rebellion
as a sin. This proposition is therefore at least erro-
neous ; but if it be intended to deny to your pastors
the office to teach and guide you in these first
principles of political morality, it denies the office
of the Church as the teacher of morals, it is there-
fore heretical ; and for either or both these reasons
it is scandalous.
It was in this way that the leaders of the rebel-
lion in 1848 against the authority of the Holy
Father began their insidious course. One of the
foremost in assurance addressed to the Sovereign
Pontiff the supercilious warning to " withdraw from
the turbulent affairs of the world to the serene
sphere of dogma, and there to pray, bless, and par-
don ;" that is, to be silent, to deliver over the Chris-
tian world to revolution. But politics arc a part of
morals, because they are the morals of society.
S. Paul was teaching both morals and politics
when he said, " There is no power but from God ;"
and S. Peter when he said, "Be ye subject there-
fore to every human creature for God's sake : whe-
ther it be to the king as supreme, or to governors
as sent by him for the punishment of evil doers, and
for the praise of the good. For so is the will of
God, that by doing well you may silence the igno-
rance of foolish men : as free, and not as making
liberty a cloak of malice, but as the servants of
God."

Again, in the same paper I read as follows: "Now
we have closely read the Canons, Bulls, Decretals,
and Rescripts of Popes, respecting 'Secret and Oath-
bound Societies,' and we have not been able to dis-
cover any' sentence in ' any' of them—not even of
Pio Nono—which could be interpreted as bearing
upon Fenianism, which we have been discussing on
its abstract merits. Fenianism is consequently not
opposed to, much less is it for, the overthrow of
Catholicity." This affirms-
1. That Fenianism is not condemned by name,
and is therefore not condemned at all.
2. That the condemnation of the Church applies
to " oath-bound societies," and that it therefore does
not apply to Fenianism.
3. That Fenianism is not opposed to Catholicity,
and is therefore not condemned.
These three propositions are alike erroneous and
false.

1. First, it is not necessary that a Secret Society
should be condemned by name. All seditious societies
are condemned by definition, by description, and
by indentity with those which are condemned by
name. In the Allocution of Sept. 14th, 1865, the
Holy Father, after renewing the condemnations of
Clement XII., Benedict XIV., Pius VII., Leo
XII., declares that the last named Pontiff condemned
all the clandestine societies which had been specifi-
cally named, and " all others whatsoever, by what-
soever name they might be called, which conspire
against the Church and civil power, and prohibited
them to all the faithful under the severest pain of
excommunication."
2. Secondly, oaths are accidents. This is as-
serted in the Encyclical of 1864, by which it is de-
clared that "all clandestine societies, whether any
oath of secrecy be exacted in them or not, together
with their followers and abetters are condemned."
This condemnation falls upon all societies cr con-
spiracies, open or secret, against the Church or the
civil power. In order to perfect certainty upon this
paint, the Archbishop of _Dublin, in 1864, consulted
the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, which, on
June 7th, 1864, answered in these words, " The
secret societies, of which there is question in the Pon-
tifical Constitution, are understood to be all such as
purpose to themselves anything against the Church or
the Civil Government, whether They require on oath
of secrecy or not."
3. Lastly, all such conspiracies, whether directed
against the Church and Civil Power, or against the
Church alone, or against the State alone, are by the
same Allocution condemned. The words of the
Holy Father are these We confirm the before.
cited Constitutions of our predecessors ; and by our
Apostolical authority we reprobate and condemn the

sect of Freemasons, and other societies of the same
kind,w hich, though in appearance different, day by

day are forming themselves, and labouring openly
or secretly against the Church or legitimate autho-
rities." The Church hereby declares, by the voice
of its head, that all conspiracy, whether against the
Church or the State severally, is sin. Against the
Church it cannot be without heresy, schism, or

apostasy ; against the State it is rebellion ; and
apostasy and rebellion are each and severally mortal

sin against God. The same is declared in the
Encyclicals of 1846 and 1849, in the Allocution of
1847, and the Apostolic Letters of 1860 ; and

finally in the Encyclical of 1864, which condemns
the proposition, " that it is lawful to withdraw

obedience, and to rebel against legitimate Bove-
. _.

reigns."

Let no man then deceive you. Trust to no guides
or teachers who contradict the voice of the Vicar of
Jesus Christ. Their words make anarchy. his
words make law. They are not the interpreters of
canons, bulls, decretals and rescripts ; but the So-
vereign Pontiff is. They are not the expositors of
the Pontifical law. He is both expositor and legis-
lator. You have it, therefore, dear children in Jesus
Christ, not from my lips but from his, that all con-
spiracy, open or secret, with or without oaths,
against the Church or the civil power is mortal sin.
Lay this to heart, and make it known to all who
may bo, in danger of being misled. Dissuade,
exhort, and beseech with all love, earnestness, and
patience, that no man may be carried through
natural but misguided emotions into a sinful path.

My heart bleeds for the Catholic people of Ireland.
I know its history, its sufferings, its wounds, the
sting which has been planted in its conscience, its
heart, its faith, its highest, noblest instincts. I
know that in the past the wound has gone to the
quick, that the iron has entered into its soul. I
know, therefore, the present danger of its sons.
Much that is good in them rises up in behalf of their
homes and of their faith. It is their higher, purer,
most human and deepest instincts which are worked
upon ; and the past has ripened them to take the
influence of evil counsels coining from abroad.
Letters from Ireland tell me that many who have
become entangled in this sinful rising have done so
in full belief that it was a holy cause. They were
men who loved their faith, who went, before meet-

ing the hour of danger, to make their peace with
God : unconscious of doing wrong, misled, con-
fused in mind by the consciousness of all that Ire-
land has suffered, and over-persuaded by evil voices
and the false principles I have here exposed. Even
in this there is a pledge of better things. If the
Irish people ever lose the Catholic instinct of obe-
dience to the powers ordained of God, what shall
restrain them from giving way to the temptations
to insubordination which the history of Ireland un-
happily ministers, and to the influences of American
sedition which are profusely at work? I have said this
before, and I say it now again, to open the eyes, if
opened they can be, of those who think to pacify and
to tranquillise Ireland, or even to calm and govern
it, while they put public dishonour and legal
contempt upon the faith and the Church of Ireland.
They who would undermine the faith of Ireland by
mixed education and by mercenary conversion are
the worst enemies of the peace of Ireland, and of
the union of the two kingdoms. In the measure in
which they succeed, in that measure they weaken
over the Irish people the mightiest power of obe-
dience, faith in the Church of God. At this mo-
ment much that is noble, generous, pure, unselfish,
manly, humane, and even religious in the heart of
Irishmen, is alienated by the wrongs of the past,
and wounded by much that survives both in the
letter and iu the spirit. And this alienation is the
invitation to foreign sedition, and the predisposition
to all manner of moral and social disease. It would
be an ill day for a kingdom if the highest and
noblest instincts of its people, if the manhood and
the faith of its sous, be estranged from its allegiance
and run wild in sedition. While lam compelled
by duty to publish the authoritative condemna-
tions of the Church upon all such as break the
Christian law by rebellion, I grieve for those who

are misled by an affection which England counts
one of its chief virtues, the love of our country.
But the words of our Divine Lord are clear :
" All who take the sword shall perish with the
sword." There is a higher and mightier power, and
weapons against which the world cannot stand. It
was not by force that the Christians won the empire
of the world. It was not by the sword that S.
Patrick subdued Ireland. It was not by arms that
your great leader and counsellor, forty years ago, to
whom, more than to any one man, you owe your
Christian emancipation, vindicated for you the free-
dom we now enjoy : it was his rule that no political
changes were worth one drop of blood. The only
violence you can use without breaking God's law is
the violence of faith ; that is,:of justice, reason,
patience. This is the invincible power of the king-
dom
of God.
Wheresoever the violence of this world enters it
destroys those that use it. The revolution in
France sacrificed Ireland in 1798. Bloodshed,
misery, executions, widowhood, social hatreds, and
thirty years more of penal law were the conse-
quence. The revolutions of 1818 all but sacrificed
It again. For nearly twenty years peace and a
better order has been coming, slowly but surely.
God avert that America should sacrifice Ireland for
the third time. Press on as in the last twenty years,
and Ireland will be like the Provinces of the Rhine,
or like Belgium, fertile and peaceful, with their
thousand towns and villages, their ten thousand
industries and busy ploughs, mountains covered
with cattle, and fields rich with harvest. Listen to
the gospel of sedition, and the land we love so well
may be like the Southern States of America, wrecked
and desolate ; or, far worse, like Russian Poland,
bleeding and crushed in freedom and in faith. Why
should Ireland be always between the upper and
nether millstone, between England and France,
England and Revolution, England and America,
broken and ground to powder ? Work together
with the wise and peaceful providence of God, and
all is before us. There is a tide in time as in the
waters of the sea. All things are moving onwards,
and no human hand can turn the current
back. Two things are certain : the one that these
three kingdoms are indissoluble ; the other that
they must all be equal. Scotland has been lifted to
the prosperity of England: Ireland must be lifted
to equality with both. Every badge of oppression
and of persecution must be effaced from the statute
book, from the face of society, from the heart of the
people. The Church and faith of the Irish people
must be the Church and faith of Ireland. The
Catholic Church ill all the amplitude and dignity of
public recognition, right, and law must be acknow-
ledged by man as it is constituted and honoured by
God. It was a senseless illusion to ignore the
breadth of Ireland beyond the pale. It is a more
senseless fiction to ignore the Catholic Church which
alone is recognised by Ireland and by the world.
It is hard to kick against the goad. It is harder to
contend against the providence of God. Catholic,
Ireland was, is, and always will be. Thwart or vio-
late its faith, and it can never be at rest. Honour
and cherish its dearest treasure, and it will be peace-
ful, loyal, and content. When the faith of a people
has free expanse, society prospers. And society
springs from the furrow ; labour builds homes,
villages, towns, with all the acts of life and grada-
tions of social order Er) fine and closely knit
that the commonwealth is one, with one
action, heart, and will. Commonwealth is a
common welfare ; and such Ireland will be
be if the god of this world do not enter in to mar
the work of peace : if our rulers be wise and just,
and if you, children of St. Patrick, keep his word
and are true to his example ; steadfast in the faith,
submissive to the Vicar of Jesus Christ, united to
your pastors, self-controlling, peaceful, and makers
of peace. Then you may confide in the promise of
God to His chosen people : "If you return and be

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PRICE.... Id.
STAMPED sd.

quiet, you shall bc saved : iu silence and in hope
shall your strength be." And again : "Be still, and
see that I am God."

And may the God of peace abundantly bless you,
and your people in every place, above all in the land
so dear to our hearts, and fill it with every bene-
diction of His Grace through Jesus
-Christ.
f HENRY EDWARD,
Archbishop of Westminster.