The Sun.
London, England, 1867-07-08 00:00:00

THE RULERS OF MEXICO.

A Panama paper lately gave a list of the men
who have, under one designation or another, been
at the head of the Mexican Government since 1821.
From this it appears that there have been 33 changes
of Government in 46 years-one generalissmo, two
emperors, five dictators (counting the composite
dictatorship of Guerrero, Bravo, and Negrete, in
1833, as one), and 25 presidents. These offices
have been filled by 21 different men. The list is as
follows :-1821, Iturbide, Generalissimo ; 1822,
Iturbi.le, Emperor; 1823, General Guerrero, General
Bravo, and General Negrete, Dictators; 1824, Gene-
ral Guadalupe Victoria, President ; 1827,- General
Pedraza, President ; 1828, General Guerrero, Presi-
dent ; 1829, General Guerrero, Dictator ; 1830,
General Bustamente, President ; 1832, General Pe-
draza, President; 1835, General Santa-Anna, Presi-
dent ; 1836, St. Jose Justo Caro, President ; 1837,
General Bustamente, President ; 1840, General
Farias, Dictator ; 1841, General Bustamente, Pre-
sident ; 1841, General Santa- Anna, Dictator ;
1843, Santa-Anna retired, succeeded by -, after
whom again succeeded 1844, General Santa-Anna,
Dictator ; 1845, General Canalizo, President ; 1845,
General Herrera, President ; 1847, General Paredes,
President ; 1850, General Arista, President ; 1852,
Dr. M. Juan Cebellos, President ; 1853, St. Manuel
Lombardini, President ; 1853, General Santa-Anna,
President, April 20, elected constitutionally Decem-
ber 15, same year ; 1855, Don Juan Alverez, Pre-
sident ; 1856, General Comonfort, President ; 1858,
Don Felix Zuloaga, President ; 1858, General
Miramon, President ; 1859, Don Felix Zuloaga,
Vice-President ; 1860, General Miramon, Presi-
dent ; 1861, Dr. Juarez, President ; 1864, Maxi-
milian Emperor (executed June 19, 1867) ; 1867,
Dr. Juarez, President.

The nomination of candidate for the next Pre-
sidency has begun in earnest. A great many of the country

papers, and even some of " the great dailies," are conduct:.

ing it with the utmost seriousness, and apparently with
strong faith in the value of their own predictions. General

Grant is a very general favourite with them, and this is
really the only strong ground which has yet presented
itself for believing that he has no chance. We notice, too,
expressions of impatience frc m political managers now and
then touching the general's extreme reticence. This is very
comical, inasmuch as outspokenness would ruin him in the
estimation of these very men. Wendell Phillips is Grant's
leading opponent, as ho has concluded, from an accurate

comparison of Grant with tho Duke of Wellington, that

Grant is a knave, and a cowardly knave to boot. Chief-
Justice Chase comes next, and his enemies, of course, by
way of making the canvass pleasant for him, accuse him
of diffusing devoted agents through the country in the
shape :of bankruptcy commissioners. Horace Greeley, we
are glad to say, has boon nominated by the Blue Earth
Southwest, a Minnesota journal. Mr. Greeley deserves
this, and we trust the Blue Earth Southwest will not lot his

-- -
claims be forgotten.-
The design of Providence in per-
mitting the existence of " minor editors," by which Mr.

Greeley was sorauchpuzzled, is now made plain. Senator
Wade is also a candidate for the "chief magistracy." The

-
Independent speaks of him as " one of our grandest public

moo," which is almost a nomination, and several other

journals and special correspondents speak of him as " Old
Ben Wade," a kind of appellation which, when often re-
peated, is fully equivalent to a nomination. In truth, the
possession of a good, popular nickname may be said to
be an essential preliminary to a good newspaper nomi-
nation for the Presidency— a fact of which Birdofre-
duam Sawin was aware when he requested his friends to
keep calling him in the columns of their journals " The
One-eyed Slarterer." " Old Ben" himself does not, how-

over, rely on his nickname, as he is out in Kansas, preach-
ing confiscation, which is what our milliners would call
the "latest novelty." Mr. Phillips says it is a F rench fashion,
but we have shown elsewhere that Mr. Phillips is mis-
taken. There are other candidates, but either their modesty
or their merits leave us little to say about them at present.
The same paper says : —lt is not often that we meet with
so scathing an exposure of the results of carelessness and
haste in the transaction of important business as is to be
found in Mr. Stanberry's "opinion" on the power of the
military commanders at the South. The Reconstruction
Act was undoubtedly intended by Congress to make the
military officers supremo in their districts, but it was
framed in such a way that no machinery was pro-
vided for carrying on there construction process at
all. This was remedied by a supplemental act, and
now that the two having been submiited to an acute
lawyer, he drives a coach-and-six through them ; shows
that the State governments which the Act was intended
to displace are still in existence, and in full vigour, and
that the military commanders, who were selected with so
much care, are simply peace officers subject to the civil
power. Mr. Stevens now calls for a meeting of Congress
to amend the bill, but we should think he and some of his
colleagues would be heartily ashamed of their work.
They appeared to think during the session that the great
dutyof loyal menwas to drive bills through the house without
letting the Democrats debate them. We wonder if what has
happened will teach them that the " previous question" is
a two-edged sword, and that freedom of debate is just as
likely to servo the promoters as opponents of measures.
Had tho Reconstruction Act been thoroughly discussed,
there is hardly a doubt that its glaring defects would have
sooner or later attracted the attention of some lawyer on
one side or other, and that, let party spirit have been ever
so strong, self-love would have tempted him to expose
them.—The Nati n.

SURRATT IN THE COURT HOUSE.—Surratt is
very watchful of all the proceedings. His face is selfish
and cowardly. On the ono hand it is utterly devoid of
everything high and heroic, on the other it wants the lines
of a bold and daring villain. It is full of passion, but it is
also full of cold self-control. Seeing him, you can't resist
the conviction that the first and almost the solo concern of
this man is John H. Surratt. He appears self-absorbed,
but he is never forgetful of his own affairs. If he over did
a purely generous deed his own face boars no sign thereof
He sits most of the time with his head forward on his
breast—looking out in a sly and wary manner from eyes
deeply set under projecting frontlets, picking his hat or
twirling his thumbs, rarely looking around on the specta-
tors, with nothing of the bravado in his face or manner, win-
ning nobody to goodwill or kindness or inward sympathy.
Looking at him as he sits with his counsel, ono could easily
fancy him the junior member of the firm—equal to suits
before stupid police magistrates, competent to hunt up
authorities, just the man to do copying in a clerkly
band, capital for the part of a spy, and not above looking
after the interests of genteel gamblers. Or ho might be a
seller of ribbons and dress goods, the clerk of an insurance
office, or even the keeper of a small faro bank— Washing-
ton correspondence in Boston Gazette.
THE FOREIGN MINISTERS AT OSACA.—The Colo-
rado mail steamship has brought accounts to San Francisco
that " the treatment of the foreigners by the Tycoon at
Osaca was princely. Houses had been prepared for them,
filled with the costliest European furniture, French cooks
and European servants were provided, wines and liquors
were without stint, and, iu fact, everything they wanted
during their stay was furnished in abundance and free of
expense. Each representative and suite was granted apri-
veto audience and dinner with the Tycoon several days
before the official visits took place. On these occasions the
Tycoon presided at the table, in a large high room, wholly
European in its outfittings. The dinner was thoroughly
French in detail, and small but valuable presents were laid
beside each plate. The Tycoon is a man of ordinary
stature, apparently 33 years of age, with good features,
bright black eyes and splendid teeth, which he frequently
displays in smiling. Ile was very richly dressed, and his
manners are easy and refined. At the official visit, which
was of short duration, everything was Japanese. The
Tycoon expressed to Minister Van Valkenberg his great
gratification at the establishment of the new steamship line
between America and Japan. Subsequently, the Tycoon met
the Ministers at Iliogo, 11 miles across the bay, and laid out
the foreign settlement there, where a tract of ground, a mile
in width, extending three or four miles back from the
water has been appropriated, under the same arrangements
as in other ports of Japan. The anchorage is good. The
settlement in Osaca is about the centre of the town. All
were highly pleased with Osaca. In about a month the
Ministers were to visit the west coast to locate a port
there. The place selected will probably be Tsuranga, in
the province of Kanga.
CITY STREETS.—Ia the course of the evidence
taken this session before the Commons' Select Committee
ou the Local Government of the Metropolis and the London
City Improvement Rates Bill, it was noticed that in going
from St. Paul's to the Mansion-house 14 streets are passed,
six branching off to the right at right angles and eight to
the left, and only three of the whole number—Queen
street, King-street, and Old Jewry—have room for two
vehicles throughout the entire length of the street.
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THE LOSSES IN HIE WHITE S.

The Foreign-office have received from Sir A.
Buchanan a telegram which the Russian Govern-
ment have handed to him from Archangel. It is
dated July 1, and sets forth that the authorities at
Archangel had boarded every vessel arriving at the
port, in order to ascertain the fate of the wrecked
crews. The masters report seeing a large number.
of wrecks in the neighbourhood of Puloni and Sas-
movets, distant 130 miles from Archangel, on the
western coast of the White Sea. They believe that
about 200 men reached Sasmovets belonging to the
wrecked vessels, which they say numbered 100.
During the 28th and 29th ult., ten abandoned Nor-
wegian vessels were towed up to Archangel, having
been extricated frora the ice, and three English
vessels lying below the bar were reported to hare at
least 200 shipwrecked people. There is a light-
house at Sasmovets, and it is to be hoped that the
unfortunate people who got ashore found refuge
there. A Government steamer was being fitted
out with all despatch to go to their assistance. She
would leave Archangel that day (July 1) for Sas-
movets and Puloni. A schooner was sent by
the Government on the 28th, and it was ex-
pected that the Monastery would also render
assistance. The following is the list of the vessels
wrecked as far as yet known :—The Brothers,
310 tons ; the Scotia, 250 tons ; the Venus, 260
tons ; the Onward, 300 tons ; the Westerwyck,
360 tons ; the Familien, the Norden, the Prince
Oscar, 300 tons ; the Christine Agatha, 400 tons ;
the Providentia, 230 tons ; the Johanna Louisa, the
Effort, 250 tons ; the Earl of Fife, the Trident, the
Prince of Wales, 400 tons ; the Emanuel, the
Eunomia, the Rogate, the Conqueror, the Perse-
verance, the Eident, the Ramonita, the Charity, of
Douglas, Isle of Man ; the Alliance, the Kew, the
Chieftain, the Llewellyn, the St. Jago, the Erubla,
the William Nicol, the Fantasie, the Henrietta,
the Nereideni the Thomas, the Vargent, the Henry,
and the Mercurius. The Frenderne, the Johannes,
the Parrata, the Woden, and the Alpha have been
taken into Archangel derelict.