The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-29 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 29, 1860.

FROM THE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGHT.

FOREIGN-OFFICE, DEC. 28.

The Qneen has been pleased to approve of Mr, Fairfield
as Consul to the Mauritius for his Majesty the Empercr of
All the Russias.

CROWN-OFFICE, DEC. 28.
MEMBERS RETURNED TO SERVE IN TILE PRESENT
PARLIAMENT.
County of Sussex, Western Division—Walter Barttelot
Barttelot, of Hilliers Petworth, in the county of Sussex,
Esq., in the room of the Right Hon. Charles Henry Gor-
don Lennox, commonly called Earl of March, now Duke
of Richmond, called to the House of Peers.
Borough of Ripon—Reginald Arthur Vyner, of Newby
HAll, Ripon, in the county of York, Esq., in the room of
John Ashley Warre, Esq., deceased.
WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, DEC. 28.

Ist Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Charles Matthew
Moran, Gent., to be Coronet, by purchase, vice Bowyer,
promoted.
6th Dragoons—Cornet and Adjutant Thomas Joseph Fitz
Simon to have the rank of Lieutenant ; Cornet Alexander
Frederick Stewart to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice
the Hon. William Vet. Beresford Annesley, who retires.
Bth Light Dragoons—Captain Esdaile Lovell Lovell, from
the 10th Light Dragoons, to be Captain, vice the Hon.
Everard Stourton, who exchanges.
10th Light Dragoons—Captain the Hon. Everard Stourton,
from the Bth Light Dragoons, to be Captain, vice Esdaile
Lovell Lovell, who exchanges.
14th Light Dragoons—Charles Alexander Price Talbot,
Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase, in succession to Lieu-
tenant Graham, removed to the 18th Light Dragoons.
17th Light Dragoons—De Pentlieny de Pentheny O'Kelly,
Esq., to be Paymaster, vice George Berkeley Belcher,
deceased.
let or Grenadier Regiment of Foot Guards—Lieutenant and
Captain Charles Napier Sturt to be Captain and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel, by purchase, vice Sir William Thomas
Francis Wallace, Bart., who retires • Ensign and Lieu-
tenant Arthur Divett Hayter to be Lieutenant and Cap-
tain, by purchase, vice Sturt; Ensign William Duberly,
from the Rifle Brigade, to be Ensign and Lieutenant, by
purchase, vice Hayter.
2d Foot—Cornet Charles Borlase, from the 6th Dragoons,
to be Ensign, vice Pinkerton, promoted.
12th Foot—Ensign Henry J. Mac Donnell to bo Lieutenant,
by purchase, vice Samuel Hall, who retires.
13th Foot—Lieutenant Edward Henry Hall to be Captain,
by purchase, vice Thomas Chevalier Robertson, who re-
tires ; Ensign Gerard Septimus Burton to be Lieutenant,
by purchase, vice Hall ; Wiiliam Charles Frederick
Madden, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice 8011,
promoted ; Charles Edward Stanley Lee, Gent., to be
Ensign, by purchase, vice Kemmis, promoted ; Richard
Leigh, Gent., to bo Ensign, by purchase, vice Home,
promoted.
14th Foot—Lieutenant Richard Seymour Lemon to be in-
structor of Musketry, vice Beaton, retired,
16th Foot—Samuel John Pullin, Gent., to be Ensign, by
purchase, vice Walpole, appointed to the Rifle Brigade;
Lieutenant Lancelot Le Feuvre to be Instructor ofMus-

ketry, vice Bostock, appointed Captain Instructor at the
School of Mukotry.
21st Foot—The Christian name of Quartermaster Gra-
hame is George, and J., as stated in the Gazette of the
17th August, 1855.
221 Foot—The first Christian name of Ensign Grove is
Edward, not Edmund, as stated in the Gazette of 21st

Dec., 1860.
25th Foot—Harvey Handel Saville Armstrong, Gent., to
be Ensign, by purchase, vies Crossman, promoted;
Charles Francis Barnardiston, Gent., to be Ensign, by
purchase, vice Chisholm, promoted.
30th Foot—Henry Granville Sharpe, Gent., to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Eden, promoted.
31st Foet—Lieutenant George John Hamilton to be Cap-
tain, by purchase, vice John William Townsend Fyler,
who retires; Ensign Alexander Cumming Gow to be
Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Hamilton.
39th Foot—Henry Lewis Brooke White, Gent., to be En-*
sign, by purchase, vice Pope, promoted.
42d Foot—Ensign Charles William Pole Warner, from the
43d Foot, to be Ensign, in succession •to Lieutenant
Thomas Mansfield James, deceased.
57th Foot—Ensign Richard Edward Brown to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Samuel Hopper Powell, who
retires ' • Archibald Kennedy Douglass, Gent., to be En-
sign, by pur. hale, vice Brown.
60th Foot—Lieutenant James Arthur Morrah to be Adju-
tant, vice James Sturgeon Hamilton Algar, who resigns

that appointment.
64th Foot—John Gee, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase,
vice Sams, promoted.
72d Foot—Lieutenant Mostyn De la Poer Beresford to be
Captain, by purchase, vice Henry Bentinck Coathupe,
who retires ; Ensign Herbert Barron to be Lieutenant,
by purchase, vice Beresford.
82d Foot—The appointment of Captain William Cooke
O'Shaughnessy, from the 2d West India Regiment, to
be Captain, vice Brevet ;Major Samuel Peters Jarvis,
who retires upon half-pay, as stated in the Gazette of

- - -
the 18th December.
87th Foot—Lieutenant Anthony Butler to be Captain,
without purchase, vice John Rawson Simpson, deceased ;
Ensign John Leigh Holiest to be Lieutenant, without
purchase, vice Butler ; Lieutenant Walter Carr Mackin-
non to be Adjutant, vice Lieutenant Anthony Butler,
promoted.
88th Foot—John James Davidson, Gent., to be Ensign, by
purchase, vice Buchanan, promoted.
91st Foot—Major William Thomas Laird Patterson to be
Lieutenant-Colonel, without purchase, vice Brevet-
Colonel John Francis Glencairn Campbell, C. 8., pro-
moted to be Major-General; Captain William Benjamin.
Battiscombe to be Major, without purchase, vice Patter-
son ; Lieutenant William Prescod Gurney to be Captain,
without purchase, vice Battiscombe.
92d Foot—Ensign William Grisdale Hicks to be Lieute-
nant, by purchase, vice Gordon Stonhouso Hughes, who
retires.
93d Foot—Frederick William Welch, Gent., to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Potts, promoted.
94th Foot—Lieutenant Francis Hamilton Elliot to be Cap-
tain, by purchase, vice Courtenay W. A. T. Kenny, who
retires; Ensign James Browne to be Lieutenant, by

_
purchase, vice Elliot.
100th Foot—Major Hugh Rowlands, from half-pay Unat-
tached, to be Major, vice Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel
Thomas Mathias Luz Weguelin who exchanges.
Rifle Brigade—John Lionel Tuffnell, Gent., to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Duberly, appointed to the Grenadier
Guards.
3d West India Regiment—Ensign Charles. Ramsay Gibb,
from the 20th Foot, to be Ensign, vice O'Grady, pro-
moted; Staff-Assistant-Surgeon James Ferguson to be
Assistant-Surgeon, vice Carbery, deceased.
Ceylon Rifle Regiment—Richard Calvert, Gent , to be En-
sign, without purchase, vice John Glover, who has re-
signed.
DEPOT BATTALION.—Capt. John William Madden, 4th
Foot, to be Instructor of Musketry, vice Capt. Bray, 83d
Foot, who has been removed with his Depot to Chatham.
UNATTACHED.—Captain and Brevet-Lieut. Colonel Jas.
Dundas Gregorie Tulloch, half-pay, 84th Foot, and Staff
Officer of Pen-Toners, to be Major, without purchase.
STAFF.—Lieutenant-Colonel James Primrose, 43d Foot,
to be Deputy-Assistant-General to the Forces serving in
Madras, vice Lieutenant- Colonel and Brevet-Colonel
Charles Albert Denison, 52d Foot, whose period of service
in that appointment, and on the Staff, has expired.
COMMISSARIAT DEPARTMENT.—Deputy Assistant UOni-
missary General Thomas John Hume has been permitted
to resign his Commission.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Assistant-Surgeon George
Youell, from the 54th Foot, to be Staff-Assistant-Surgeon,
vice Fergusson, appointed to the 3d West India Regiment ;
Staff-Assistant-Surgeon George Henry Dyer has been per-
mitted to resign his commission.

THE IRON-CASED FRIGATE WARRIOR.

From the yard of the Thames Iron Shipbuilding Com-
pany will this day be launched, by Lady Paldngton, the
first armour-plated steam frigate in the possession of Great
Britain. The French have already got their mysterious
Gloire afloat, about the success of which such utterly irre -
concileable statements are circulated. In addition to this
they have four others so- well advanced that their launch
may at any time take place, and no less than 10 are being
hurried forward towards completion: Before next Christ-
mas, then, France will have at least 15 sail of these tre-
mendous engines of warfare afloat, and England will have
four—one, the Warrior, to be launcllo,l this day ; the Black
Prince, a sister vessel to the Warrior, building at Glas-
gow; the Resistance, building at Messrs. Palmer's yard,
near Newcastle ; and the Defence, at Millwall. The two
first-named are 50-gun frigates of upwards of 6,000 tons ;
the two latter are only 16-gun csrvettes of 3,600 tons.
This is a small set-off against the sudden stride taken by
our greta ally in this matter—a stride so sudden that,
allowing for the exercise of every available means on our
pait in the way of both public andprivate building yards,
it places the French navy in this natter at least two years
ahead of ours.. 'The Russian Government are preparing
their plans and schemes of prices for the construction by
contract of six frigates, sister vessels to the Warrior in
every particular, save La such improved details as giving
the sides a much greater angle, which the experience
gained during the last few monde by the trial of Mr.
Jones's plan shows must in future be adopted with all
iron ships intended to be really isvulsierable. According,
therefore, to preseist appearances, Esigland is likely to be
left behind in the race by Russia mid to be distanced by
France.
It is not our purpose now to dlscusti the comparative
merits of the plans on which the' English and French
vessels are respectively built. Were it so, we think
it might not be difficult to show that the superiority in
this matter is as yet so great on our side as to make one ves-
sel like the Warrior almost a match Tor two like La Gloire.
It will bo time enough to turn to such matters when we see
the Warrior fairly off the stocks and at her moorings in the
river. It will be sufficient in this notice to give an outline
of her enormous strength and huge dimensions, and explain
the methods by which the Admiralty have overcome the
difficulties that existed in constructing a really shot-proof
frigate. At the first outset, the idea of any iron-cased
vessels, whether for steam rams or frigates, found no favour
with the Admiralty, and it was not till the result of French
experiments as to the resistance which they offered to shot
became known in England, with the additional fact that
our ally had already begun to construct several such ships,
that the Admiralty at last began to bestir themselves, though
up to the present hour iron-cased ships are looked upon
with a lenient rather than a favouiSble eye. Since that
time, however, official opinions would appear to have under-
gone considerable modification, and the Admiralty have
been compelled to accept much they formerly condemned,
and, on the other hand, to condemn a good deal of work
on which they formerly insisted. In the first design sent
in to the Admiralty by the Thames Shipbuilding Company
the shape proposed for the bows of the Warrior was exactly
after the outline of a swan's neck and breast when swim-
ming, and thus the point or beak intended to strike an
enemy's vessel was the " breast," which was placed under
the water-line in the ship's bows. In the Admiralty model,
and of course that on which the Warrior has been
built, the outline of the bows seen from the broadside
forms a kind of obtuse angle, the point or " nose," as it
is called, just level with the water. This peculiar shape,
however, has been concealed under a long • false cut-
water and a magnificent figure-head of a colossal warrior,
so that, looking at her as she is now on the stocks, there
is no difference, except in her extremely fine lines forward
and great size, between her appearance and that of any
ordinary fine frigate.
So long an interval has elapsed since we last noticed the
plan on which this gigantic vessel was to be built that a
brief recapitulation of her chief dimensions, together with
the general principles of her construction, will not be with-
out interest for our readers on this occasion. Her dimen-
sions, then, are :—Extreme length over all, 420 ft. ; ditto,
breadth, 58ft. ; depth from spar deck to keel, 41ft. 6in.
Her tonnage is no less than 6,177 tons, builders' measure-
ment. The engines have just been completed by Messrs.
Penn and Sons. They are of 1,250 nominal horse-power,
and are probably the most magnificent specimens of machi-
nery that ever left even Mr. Penn's celebrated works.
These extraordinary machines, however, deserve a separate
and detailed notice of themselves, and on a future occasion
we shall be able to give a full description of them to our
readers. Their total weight, with boilers, will be 950
tons, and for these the Warrior is only able to stow 950 tons
of coal, or little more than enough for six days' steaming.
The armament, reckoning her as a 50-gun frigate, with
masts and stores complete, will weigh from 1,200 to 1,500
tons, which will give her, with hull and armour, a total
weight, when ready for sea, of about 9,000 tons, or about
the weight of the hull of the Great Eastern when launched.
With the fine lines, great length, and immense horse-
power of the Warrior, a speed of not less than 14 knots is
counted upon as certain. One row of the armour-plates
with which the greater part of the broadside will hereafter
be covered is already in its place, covering a space of sft.
deep by 213 ft. long on each side, Only the lowest row
has b,een thus bolted, and more than this it would be
unwise to plae;, as the immense weight might
strain the ship during the launch. The others
will be bolted in her piece by piece while in the Victoria
Dock. That all the crew under cover of these armour-
plates will enjoy the most perfect immunity from the
heaviest shot and shell in the world will be easily under-
stood when we point out the tremendous strength with
which the ship is constructed and fastened together in
every part.
There is no external keel to the ship, but an inner kind
of girder, which acts as a keelson. This is formed of im-
mense slabs of wrought scrap iron 1/in. thick, and 3ft. 6in.
deep. To it are bolted the ribs—massive wrought iron T..
shaped beams an inch thick, and made in joints five feet
long by two deep up to five feet below the water line, where
their depth is diminished so as to form a deep ledge or
angle, on which the armour-plates and their teak lining
rest. These immense ribs, except where the portholes in-
tervene, are actually only 22 inches apart. Above the keel-
son, and inside the ribs, are five immensely strong box-
girders, which go the whole length of the ship from stern
to stern, and from which spring diagonal bands, tying
every rib together. The orlop deck is of wood, and 24ft.
above the keel ; the main deck is of iron, and cased with
wood, and 9ft. above the orlop; the upper deck is also of
wrought iron, cased with wood, and 7ft. 9in. above the
main. All these decks are carried on wrought iron beams
of the most powerful description, to which both decks and
ribs and all are bolted as in one piece. The " skin" of the
ship, as it is termed, which covers all these ribs on the
outside, is also of wrought iron, liin. thick under the bot-
tom, to nearly lin. thick up to the spar deck. From 6ft.
below the water line up to the upper deck comes, in addi-
tion to this, the great armour of teak and iron over all. This
is formed of a double casing of the hardest teak, 20ins. thick,
with the beams laid at right angles to one and other. Over
these again come the plates of iron, so as in all to case the
broadside of the vessel with 20 inches of solid teak
and five inches of the very finest wrought iron. Each
armour-plate is formed of scrap iron carefully welded into
a slab about 16ft. long by 4 broad, and 4} inches thick, and
weighing about 12 tons. All the plates are dovetailed at
the edges into one another, and bolted through the teak and
iron into the inner ribs of the ship. These bolts are coun-
ter-sunk outside, so as to have their heads level with the
surface of the plate. The total weight of the plates on both
sides is 1,000 tons. The plate armour of La Gloire is re-
ported to be formed of a peculiar kind of soft homogeneous
iron, admirably adapted for resisting shot. From the speci-
mens of it which have been obtained in this country and
examined by our best mechanics, it is, on the whole, not
considered to be a better kind of metal than a thick soft
wrought-iron slab, such as covers the sides of the Warrior.
The results of gunnery experiments with no less than forty
different kinds of plates shows that the best are these formed
of scrap iron with a certain proportion of puddled bar iron,
which makes a mixture of almost unyielding toughness.
Some of them were tested at Portsmouth with 68-pounders
at point-blank range. In all cases the shot failed to pene-
trate the iron, though they dented it to a depth of one and
a half, and in some cases almost two inches. Not until
after the sixth, or even eighth and tenth shots, all striking
about the same place, were the plates ever broken and their
fibre torn apart. With such a backing up of teak as is in
the sides of the Warrior, not all the Whitworth or Arm-
strong guns yet made could send a shot fairly through into
the main deck. This tremendous coat of armour, however,
does not case the whole vessel, as with such an entire cover-
ing the Warrior would scarcely float at all. Only the
middle of the broadside, for a length of 213 feet, and going
down five feet under the water-line, is thus protected.
This seems a serious fault in the plan on which the Admi-
ralty have built the vessel. To endeavour to compensate for
the absence of this armour, both the stem and stern are
crossed and re-crossed in every direction with water.
tight compartments, and the outer iron plates are 1 inch
thick and backed up by 24 inches of teak. It is, of course,
needless to say that the whole vessel is subdivided in at
least 20 places by water-tight bulkheads of the most solid
description. Those which cut off the stem and stern from
the armour-coated portions in the centre are faced with
armour-plates to five feet below the water line, and lined
with iron ribs and 20 inches of teak, exactly like the broad-
side of the vessel. Thus it is contended that, supposing it
possible for the stem and stern to be so riddled as to be
almost shot away, the centre fighting portion of the vessel,
containing 26 of the heaviest guns, would still remain as
complete and impenetrable as ever—still opposing 20 inches
of teak, with nearly five inches of wrought iron, to every

shot. This, however, sounds very well in theory ; in prac-
tice it would, we think, be found that in such a condition
the Warrior would be au unmanageable wreck, and brought
so low in the water by the filling of her fore and aft com-
partments (each nearly 100 feet long) that her portsills
would be brought almost to the water's edge, when further
fighting would become impossible. This, however, would
not be her only
danger. If the bows were so riddled with
shot-holes as to fill the compartments with water, the
Warrior would come down so much by the head as to com-
pletely lift her screw; out of the sea, in which case there
would soon be an end of the ship with another iron antago-
nist that retained her power of steaming. Indeed, it is not
improbable that in such a ease she might sink so much by
the head as to elevate the afterniost armour -plates, which
only ester d five feet below the water-line, quite out of the
water, or at least sufficiently near its surface- to enable her
bottom to be pierced where theirlirotection ceased. The bows
—as the spot where the whole force of the shock must be
received in case of the Warrior being ever used as a ram to
crush down the enemy's ships—are strengthened inside
with a perfect web of ironwork. Here no less than eight
wrought-iron decks stretch back from this part to the
armour-plates, as well as supports and diagonal bracings
innumerable. Throughout the entire length of the armour-
coated portion of the vessel run two longitudinal bulkheads,
between the sides and internal portions of the vessel.' These
are termed " wings," and serve as passages of cowmunica-
tion. Inside the wings are placed the coals, while the chief
magazines are further secured again by having the water-
tanks inside these coalbunks.

Probably the largest forgings that have ever been
attempted (not even excepting those for: the Great Eastern)
were required for the building of the Warrior. The " nose"
or beak of the ship is one immense slab of iron 30 feet long,
by no less than 10 inches thick, and weighs nearly 20 tons.
The heel -post, in which the outer bearing of the screw rests,
is one piece of the finest forged iren, without the slightest
flaw of any kind, and weighing upwards of 44 tons. There
are very few yards in the world, public or private, at which
such forgings could be turned out, and certainly none which
could produce a greater perfection of workmanship than
is evidenced in the perfect finish with which all the
huge masses are joined together in the frame of the Warrior
the armament of this magnificent man-of-war is not yet
entirely decided upon, but there is little doubt that it will
consist of 36 68-pounder 95 cwt. guns on the main deck, 10
Armstrong 70-pounders on the spar deck, and two pivot
Armstrong 100-pounders, one forward and one aft, making
48 in all. With only 10 broadside guns on an upper deck
of 400 feet, there is, of course, a space of nearly SO feet
between each gun. Therefore, without in the least expos-
ing the men or crowding the " quarters" the upper-deck
armament can be doubled at any time. On her trial no
more guns than those we have mentioned will be placed ;
but if the result of her first cruise is such as to show she
can carry them easily, the number of broadside upper-neck
70-pounders will be increased from 10 to 20—all, of course,
breech-loaders. The masts and spars of the Warrior will
be very light—merely those of an ordinary frigate, with the
admirable exception that the cross-jack or mizen-yard will
be done away with, and the vessel rigged as a barque.
Such are the general outlines of the superb vessel which
will this day, we trust, be safely afloat on the Thames.
Once at her moorings in the Victoria Dock, the work of
putting on the remainder of the plates will go rapidly for •
ward, and at the same time Messrs. Penn will proceed
with fitting in the machinery. She is expected to be ready
by the end of April to go round to Portsmouth under
steam to be rigged. Before rigging she will be tested at
the measured mile, and when complete for sea make her
first trial cruise across the Bay of Biscay about the middle
of July next.

MINISTERIAL POLICY OF AUSTRIA.

The following is the text of the circular of the
Chevalier de Schmerling, the new Minister of State

at Vienna, addressed to the various Governors, a
short summary of which had been already received
by telegram : _ _ _

"Being named Minister of State by the Emperor, our
master, I the more strongly feel the necessity, at the mo-
ment when I assume this important post, to give a clear
and open expression to the ideas which must direct me, that
the situation is more seriousond the responsibility with
which lam charged the more considerable. My mission is
also yours; let us endeavour to execute it clearly in all
directions. It is no other than to realise immediately, each
within the limit of his competency, the resolutions and in-
tentions of his Majesty, as expressed in the diploma and
the manifesto recently published. His Majesty confides to
the matured intelligence of his people the 'prosperous de-

velopment and con;olidation of the institutions which con•
tain in themselves the guarantee of a free movement.

" In consequence of that resolution, Austria has entered
with all her integral parts, equally, and in the same man-

ner, into the rank of those European States, which have
found in participation, reposing on the oldest historical
foundations, and regulated by the public right of all the
people, the means of elevating herself to that high power
which constitutes the fundamental condition of material

prosperity and intellectual impulse, the inviolability of the
law and of international consideration, as well as of the
patriotic pride which not only excites the brave sons of the
country to acts of courageous heroism, but also gives in-
creased strength to the occupations of peace. -
" In entering with resolution arid confidence on the
path which his Majesty has traced out to me, I, in the first
place, cast my eyes on the matter which more particularly
distinguishes the constitutional Stato—tl « objects relative
to the personal liberty of its citizens, in order that for the
future every individual may enjoy, as, far as concerns reli-
gion and conscience, and his spiritual and material inte-
rests, that independence which is o ampatible with well-
regulated order according *o the experience of free States,
and which is particularly indispensable to our country, in
which not only various nationalities, Ibut also different reli-
gious creeds, should form a band indi esolubly united.
" The Imperial manifesto says The free exercise of
religion must form one of the first fundamental bases of
the State ; but it is necessary that i u this respect the Su-
preme will be executed without reser- tre to the full extent of
its humane intentions. the free ex ercise of religion con-
' stantly brings with it its natural co nsequences in matters
concerning civil and political rights.'
" Hence it is the express will aad pleasure of his Ma-
jesty that civil and political rights also be secure from all
injury in the spirit of regular libert3l, and that the recipro-
cal relations of the various religious confessions (creeds) be
regulated on a footing of equity an a real Christian love, in
harmony with the pacifio relations .• which, in point of fact,
do exist between them.
"Knowledge is power. I consider that one of the
highest tasks which the Government has to execute is to
favour, by all moans in its power, the noble tendency of all
nationalities to raise themselves by their own efforts to a
superior degree of intellectual development. If we ought
to leave to each nationality the took of producing itself
the intellectual capital which in/ ast fructify in circles
more and more extensive, or to borrow it from the
wealth of a language more adve mced in the path .of
development, the Government nev .ertheless will not omit
anything which can aid in that development, and will
manifest solicitude calculated to pi :oduce good effects for
all; but always, and in all things, i t will fix its eyes on the
highest objects of knowledge.
" I consider it necessary to remark expressly that nothing
is further from the thoughts of the Government than the
desire to neutralise a national element, whatever it may be,
for it is convinced that all citizens mould be more devoted
to the country if they were to see their nationality not only
assured but favoured, and that th% shield with which the
Government covers them is large enough to protect all

alike.
"As regards the Press, which boust be considered one

of the most powerful instrument s for the propagation of
knowledge, and of the sentiments which form the bases
of sound instruction, the arranger aent made is that all
preventive intervention shall cease. It is only justice to
acknowledge that, in many difficial t circumstances, the
Press has zealously and ably defe sided tho cause of the
country; during the war last year especially, it happily
combined a patriotic attitude with j Fudence. This experi-
ence is of a naturo to inspire confide once, and the confidence
which the Government has resolve d to place in the Press
will contribute, I hope, to maintai) s. it in that path of mo-
deration, of unimpassioned, cool, a n d rational judgment, of
propriety, and also to fill it with the .t noble pride to which
its mission of enlightening millions gives it the right to
aspire, The consciousness of indepen deuce will, at the same
time, imbue it with the sentiment th at it alone is respon-
Bible, and to a greater degreo than 43 ver, both for the sub-
stance awl the form, and this sentiment will preserve it from
all'excesses.
" No one can deny that the prospe cr ity of material interests
has its root in the spontaneous s Lotivity of individuals.
Accordingly, it is one of the essential tasks of the indepen-
dent comml.ne, of the provincial corps, and of free
associations, and industrial corpo) rations, founded in all
the provinces, to turn to advanta; room account the rich
mines of production and of gain. But the Government is
not less in a position to exercise in finance in the develop-
ment of agriculture, of forests, mi nes, manufactures, and
commerce, in a word, of all sources r of prosperity, and to
contribute thereto either by public; instruction, the inex-
haustible source of all improvemenl U. 3, or the completion of
lines of communication, or by en oouragement and the
indication of examples, calculated tc b excite emulation. The
Imperial authorities have at all times displayed great
activity in this way, and have eve: obtained by degrees
important results, or at least have contributed thereto—
our towns and country districts, the, vigorous race of our
peasants, who have not their like i n Europe, the ability of
our manufacturers, and the anima pn which reigns eYery