The Sun.
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LONDON, SAIURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1867

The second reading of the Factory Acts Ex-
tension Bill last evening in the House of Lords
is a matter for congratulation to all who long
exerted themselves in forwarding legislation in this

The Atlantic telegraph brings us the important
intelligence that President JOHNSON has requested
Mr. STANTON to resign, but that he has refused to
do so. It has long been rumoured that the PRESI-
DENT had such a step in contemplation, and the
differences between them has been known outside
the Cabinet. Mr. STANTON has never been a cordial
supporter of the PRESIDENT ; and on many im-
portant questions, more especially on the recon-
struction of the South, their views are diametrically
opposite. The Secretary, however, does not hold
Radical opinions for nothing, and he is fully deter-
mined to reap all the advantages which his position
gives him. Whether this open breach is due to a
sudden quarrel, or is merely the natural result
of long - standing differences, we cannot learn
from the brief wording of the telegram, but
it is possible that the PRESIDENT has determined
to take advantage of the dispersion of Congress to
remodel his Government. The Cuba, which arrived
yesterday after an unusually rapid passage, brings
news to the effect that Mr. JOHNSON has decided
upon removing General SHERIDAN. Perhaps the
PRESIDENT may be inclined to try a bolder policy
than heretofore, relying on the support of the
moderate party throughout the country. The
Radicals have gone on unchecked for so long a time
that the public have been able to judge of the prac-
tical effect of their policy. They can hardly be well
satisfied with the result. The finances are heavily
embarrassed, the national debt increasing, the
South completely disorganised, riot and tumult
being the order of the day, and the whole trade and
commerce of the country suffering from depression
and uncertainty. In Tennessee there are still ap-
prehensions of serious election riots—so much so
that the Militia arc ordered to be under arms, and
Federal troops are being distributed to preserve
order. The citizens are for the most part wearing
arms, and it is expected that the negroes will in
some parts be intimidated front voting. Riots at
elections are unhappily becoming a matter of course,
and in the South they, too, often furnish an excuse
for an outbreak of the bitter feeling smouldering
between the races, which all recent legislation has
been directed to increase rather than to moderate.
In Kentucky the Democrats have carried the elec-
tions—an encouraging sign of the times ; but since
nothing can be hoped from the patriotism or good
sense of the Radial party, we can hardly expect
to see a permanent change in American politics
until their ascendancy over Congress has been
destroyed.

We are glad to meet with another communica-
tion from our able correspondent, " A Lover and
Observer of Historical Dates and Facts." It is,
indeed, a satisfactory task for him to look back upon
the last six months, and the retrospective glance
which he takes more than realises the best he could
foretell in his prophetical remarks. What will
Lord DERBY do? he asked before, and he now con-
cludes his inquiries by asking,lV hat has Lord DERBY
done ? As he says his previous answers were neces-
sarily most 'vague and problematical, but he has a
" good, full, and substantial answer" to his ques-
tion at the end of the session. All who have
watched the course of events during the past see-
session, and considered the progress that has been
made, will concur in the reply here made that Lord
DERBY has done a " vast deal." He has shown
equal talent and vigour in carrying the Reform
Bill of 1867 that he did in carrying that of 1832.
Seldom, indeed, can we point to the accomplish-
ment of so much in a lifetime. The period which
has elapsed since the time of the first Reform Bill
has, indeed, been a momentous one, and its changes
have been most striking ones. Some of our every-
day surroundings now were then unheard of, and
at best but vague and •tillusory. Railways were
hardly spoken of, and the electric telegraph was
wholly unknown. Old Father Time has wrought
many changes, and, as it is effectively put here, the
old of 1832 are gone, and those then in their prime
are either in extreme old age, dying, or dead.
The young Princess, then the Heiress Presump-
tive to the British Throne, has been our
QUEEN for a whole generation, and is the mother
of a large family " from whom we look forward to
a line of illustrious kings."
To return to the thread of the argument, Lord

DERBY has clone more in six short months than his
predecessors did in seven long years. Ihe only ad-
vantage, as it is truly said here thatEnland gained

"by turning out the Conservatives in 1859 has
that of causing Parliamentary Reform to be placed
on the shelf for eight long years, and so causing
England to be deprived of the services of a useful
body of electors." In point of fact we may fairly
say that Lord RUSSELL and his followers have as
much cause to be ashamed of their inaction during
those seven years as Lord DERBY and his friends
have reason to be proud of their exertions for the
last six months. The course pursued by the Whigs
and Liberals was, indeed, most supine and quite
unworthy of the reputation of some of their leaders.
Lord RUSSELL, with his historical relation to Re-
form, and Mr. GLADSTONE with all the promises he
held out at one time of being its able exponent,
were alike weighed in the balance, and found to be
miserably wanting. The sudden death of Lord
PALMEP,STON in office afforded them a rare oppor-
tunity ; and it may be safely said that never was
onporAinity so completely thrown away. With a
large majority iu Parliament, a great confidence
displayed by the public, they murdered the work
completely, offended their friends, prejudiced their
well-wishers, disappointed their admirers, and
finally deceived the community whom they had led
to expect so much. Very different was the course
pursued by Lord DERBY and his colleagues. For
every advantage possessed •by the Ministry of last
Session we can easily substitute a disadvantage that
accrued to the Government of this year. They had
no majority in the House, and they had bitter, jealous
opponents to deal with ; and yet while the one party
retreated in ignominious discomfiture, the other ob-
tained an extraordinary success. It is curious, as
well as interesting, to dwell upon this theme ; and
perhaps the best solution of the problem may be
found in the reflection that the Conservatives put
their work before them as the primary objec', and
made everything else subservient to it, while their
predecessors, on the contrary, put their own pre-
judices and predilections in the foreground,
and their persistence to force them on the House
at any cost. Mr. DISRAELI consulted the House,
Mr. GLADSTONE dictated to it, and the difference of
the result was indeed surprising. Hon. members
were willing to pass a Reform Bill, but they were
not willing to take all that the Government deemed
fitting, and still less could they put up with being
told that they were obnoxious to all change and
conspirators
forpirat hortsae ty thegaininascttitNhieinte late Governmentrestsof thecountry.
As dis-
played for so long a period perhaps the reason may
be found in this letter. " All the soi-disant Liberals
wanted was to get into office, and when once in-
stalled they were glad enough to send Parliamen-
tary Reform to the winds." We may readily turn
from the past to the present, and be thankful for
our " bountiful harvest" of new Parliamentary
Reform. So far as the question of Reform is con-
cerned, it is indeed perfectly true what is here
said—that " no Reform Bill has ever reached limn-
hood, unless our present most illustrious Premier
happens to be a member of the Cabinet. He has
carried the bill of 1867 as he did its great ancestor
in 1832, only thirty-five short years ago, for thirty-
five years is but a brief period, historically speak-
ing, however long it may be for other purposes."
Wo rejoice with this writer that the country has
given the present Ministry a fair trial, and the
country itself has good cause to rejoice also, for the
gain has been substantial, and the con-
sequences most beneficial. The fact is, that
historical dates and facts have been too
much overlooked of late years, and people have
been running after those who contrived by clap-
trap and other devices to make out that one party
had done everything, and that there was nothing to
hope from the Conservatives. As Mr. DISRAELI
rightly said the other night at the City Banquet
we had had to endure a monopoly of Liberalism.
This being done away with, we may hope for better
times and brighter days, for nothing can flourish
while monopolies are in the ascendant. The pre-
sent Session will long be memorable as having seen
the passing of a Reform Bill, but besides that it
will be notable for having seen the destruction of
that long course of power that was held so un-
worthily by a particular section, to the hindrance
of all progress, and the prejudice of the real interests
of the nation.