The Sun.
London, England, 1867-12-03 00:00:00

THE ITALIAN QUESTION.

If the proposed Conference:were to turn its mind
to the Italian Question, and fairly grapple with
the difficulties, moral and material, which beset the
revolutionary kingdom of Italy, it would, indeed,
do good service to the peace of Europe. As long as
Italy is on the brink of bankruptcy, as long as it
has to keep up an immense army for purposes
of foreign aggression, or to hold down the se-
cretly disaffected and the openly rebellious, as long
as it shamelessly violates public law, and outrages
morality and religion, so long shall Europe be ex-
posed to constant disturbances, or to dangers like
those which it has just escaped from. Italy
desires to be all at once powerful and rich, to :be
like one of the Great Powers; it does not honestly
work towards this end, but it confiscates the

possessions of others, and seizes upon foreign
territory. It acknowledges no restraining law
in this guilty pursuit. Religion, morality, lawlit
puts aside for the time being, until it has gained its
own ends. When Italy has made itself, when it
is in possession of its neighbours' territories, and
of the fruits of a lawless and immoral spoliation,
then it desires such accomplished facts to be
sanctioned and secured by religion and law. Of
1 such a nation there is no hope. Its principles
of existence, and its habitual course of action,
are antagonistic to order and morality. Law, in
order to have power over the minds of men, requires
an habitual and undeviating respect ; and re-
ligion, before it can be reconciled with evil-doers,
1 insists upon repentance and restitution. Com-
merce and industry can never thrive in a nation
where lawlessness is the prevailing characteristic.
Lawlessness leads to war abroad or Revolution
at home; and the consequence of continual aggress
sion and unjust wars, and of Revolution, or a
perpetual fear of its outbreak, is bankruptcy.
The Italian prefects insist upon the necessity of
coming to some immediate solution of the Italian
difficulty in order to save the nation. The
revolutionary papers confirm the reports of the
prefects. One paper, the Zenzero, exclaims not
only that Italy is struck down, is humiliated—the
bye-word of Europe—but that it is dead. If not
dead as yet, dissolution is at hand. In the mean-
time the rage of the revolutionary party is on the
increase. It shows itself on every occasion ;it was
beaten at Mentana for the moment by the Papal
army and the soldiers of:France, but it has retired
out of reach of French guns, and plots in secret
and publicly agitates for the establishment of the
Red Republic. The weakness of the Government
and its complicity with the Garibaldian movement
is the strength of the Revolution. Its voice is
heard in the press, and will be raised in the
Chambers, and the Government yields to intimi-
dation and lets Garibaldi loose again. The walls
of Florence are constantly covered with seditious
placards, written in :manuscript. The latest was
one proclaiming a viva for Garibaldi, and death
to Napoleon 111. and others.

In the interests of European peace and of Chris-
tian civilisation let the Conference which is about
to meet take Italy in hand, and compel Victor
Emmanuel, by the weight of the advice of united
Europe, to put down with a strong arm the lawless
bands which, owing to the encouragement they
have so long received from himself and his Go-
vernment, are now the masters in Italy. None
better than some of the Powers to be represented
at the Conference, can counsel the Italian Govern-
ment in the necessity in future of observing in-
ternational law and the faith of treaties. The evils
of keeping a large army to hold down disaffected
and ill-governed peoples may be pointed out with
great propriety by some or. other of the repre-
sentatives assembled. Again, the dangers of bank -
ruptcy, after having exhausted all the ecclesiastical
possessions, are sure to be pointed out in such an
assembly, even if the injustice and sacrilege
escape the reprobation of the representatives of
Europe.
If the opinion of the Conference cannot induce
Victor Emmanuel to put an end to the misgovern-
ment under which Italy is fast sinking into anarchy
and bankruptcy, let a sentence of European out-
lawry be pronounced on the worst, the most un-
just, and the most immoral Government in Europe.
Unless Europe be prepared to act with vigour
against Revolution in its head-quarters, it runs an
imminent risk of seeing mob-law overrun the
boundaries of Italy, and plunge Europe into a
general war of classes and of principles.—West-
in /aster Gazette.

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Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations
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ciously attached

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