The Sun.
London, England, 1858-05-29 00:00:00

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LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 29, 1858.

Misrepresentation seems to be the order of the
day with the opponents of the Government. We
have already witnessed the refutation of Lord
SUAFTESBURY'S tardy statement, by the Premier,
and last night Lord JOHN RUSSELL was convicted
of gross inaccuracy by the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer. The home truths, the caustic severity
of that remarkable oration, had excited the ire of
the Palmerstonianß, and more especially of the
recent :convey!. With the reckless temerity for
which "the Small Johnny who upset the coach" is
notorious, he thought fit to attack the speech of the
Right B.onourable Gentleman to his constituents,
in which he so successfully vindicated the policy
and the proceedings of the Government, and so
unsparingly exposed the factious character of
the motion. Lord JOHNNY winced under the
castigation. He felt that the cap fitted him,
and with the
audacity so clearly explained
by SIDNEY gwra—the temerity which would
induce him "to take the command of the
Channel thet, or perform the most difficult ope-
ration in lithotomy," at a
ocia
ra mat. s notice, he
rushed to the onslaught, cc Ly 1.
Je peer (!) atque
impar covressas Achilli." Re Was
speedily con•
vinced of the grave mistake into which he had
fallen—of the terrible "Llouyh" in which he was
louudering—to him a veritable " Slough, of

despond."
Every successive movement only plunged him-
self and his co-conspirators deeper in the quagmire.
The Ohaucellor of the Exchequer eventually extin-

guished the 'petty rushlight which he fondly ima-
gined would illuminate the House, and subdued the
flickering igniis fatuus by the broad light of
truth, and every assertion put forward by the
noble lord was clearly and distinctly refuted. He
attempted to show that there had been an impu-
tation on the House of Commons, that there was
an implied censure on the majority of that House.
So far from that being the case, there was not " a
single statement, a single phrase, or a single sen-
tence, which justified the impression which he
wished to convey." So far from it, it was lau-
datory of that House—of the impartial treatment
and generous consideration displayed by indepen-
dent members for the Government, which had
accepted office under such extraordinary difficul-
ties, in obedience to the will of their SOTE-
REIGN and an imperative sense of duty, Mr.
DISRAELI declared that the Government had
" received from the House of Commons, as a
body a generous courtesy," which "had on
more than one occasion baffled the unceasing in-
trigues and the restless machinations, by which,
from tho first hour of entering office, the Cabinet
had been assailed." So far from its being dero-
gatory to the' popular branch of the Legislature it
was altogether laudatory—save as to those who
participated in the insidious schemes—the un-
warrantable machinations so justly and un-
sparingly denounced.

of the succession of treaties and ruptures,
perpetually alternating with each other. The
sword has no sooner been beaten into a plough-
share and the spearhead into a reaping hook
than the process has to be reversed inconti-
nently. The gates of the Temple of JANUS
are kept continually in vibration. There is not
much fear for the world of its armour rusting
when hung up at any partial or general epoch of
pacification. " And so from hour to hour we
ripe and ripe—and so from hour to hour we rot
and rot, and thereby hangs a tale." Upon
this as upon every other mystery of human ex-
istence SHAKSPEBE has been volubly prophetic.
Yet undeniable though the truth is here referred
to—it was really not so very long ago when not
a few amongst us were dreaming dreams of soma
possible arcadia, of some proximate Millenium.
Free Trade, according to some of its more in-
fatuated votaries, was not simply to dissipate a
monstrous system of monopoly, but was even to
inaugurate what the Lsureate has designated the
Parliament of Nations, the Federation of the
World. We were to have an end of war. Forty
years' European tranquillity had so accustomed us
to peace that we were supposed to have, every one
of us, forgotten all our old bellicose prepensitie,.
There was held under a palace of glass a factious
gathering of representatives of ali the motley race
of man from the east and the west, and the north
and the south, wearing all the garbs, speaking all
the tongues, having all the varied complexions of
the great human family. Scarcely was the great
assemblage, however, scattered back again to the
four quarters when the day-dream was abruptly
dissipated. There was a great war in Europe—
armies and fleets were gathered together—thou-
sands and teas of thousands were destroyed.
And when this last great European conflict was at
length terminated in the fulness of time, the
belligerents awoke once more to the repetition,
each in turn, of their old dead and gone grievances.
England, of these, has certainly had her share—
with a vengeance. Conspicuous among her old-
new evils in this way being, beyond a doubt,
two evils that have still to be brought to a satis-
factory termination—an Indian War and a
Chinese War. Happily, neither her military
nor her maritime forces have over been in more
perfect readiness for any emergency. Wherefore,
with a man like Lord ELGIN at the head of our
diplomatic negotiations with China, and with a
soldier like Sir COLIN CAMPBELL leading our
valiant troops against the rebel soldiers of Hin-
dostan, we are justified in looking forward hope-
fully in both directions, with the aid of heaven
—remembering that GOD helps those who help
themselves.

On each of the other points referred to the
Noble Lord was equally infelicitous, and equally
inaccurate. He seemed astounded at the intima-
tion of the delicate nature of the relations be-
tween France and England, at the period of the
accession to office of Lord DERBY and his coad-
jutors. He consulted Lord CLARENDON, who
saw nothing of immediate danger. But, unfor-
tunately, Lord CLARENDON does not now possess
the confidence of the country. It was his truckling
policy, his cringing to despotism, and palpable
exhibition of weakness that produced the evil,
created the danger. Lord CLARENDON was the
worst possible authority on such a subject !
Why was not Lord PALMERSTON consulted? Ile
could speak feelingly of the errors of his coad-
jutor at the Foreign-office, and might have
removed the misconceptions of the would-be Pre-
sident of the Board, at Cannon-row ; or the new
Secretary of State for India. But he was
avoided, although he might have given
better information than the nobleman who
occasioned the overthrow of the late Mi-
nistry. It is unnecessary to refer to inter-
mediate points. We need not even dwell on
the substitution of the word " extermination " for
"confiscation," nor need we allude to the "inge-
nious spirit of perversion, and the dexterous tone of
exaggeration, which distinguished the somewhat
penurious invective of the Noble Lord." We shall
merely speak of his unjustifiable allusion to the
alleged threat of dissolution. It was not the Go-
vernment that ventilated that threat. It was the
voice of public opinion out of doors, that pene-
trated into the Clubs, and was repeated
by the consciences of the conspirators.
They felt that there ought to beadissolution, in the
event of the success of the factious movement.
It was not the " wish," but the "fear" that was
" father to the thought." And those who writhed
with troubled minds strove to cast the responsi-
bility on the Ministry. Lord JOHN took nothing
by his motion. It would be well for himself if
he had avoided the dangerous topic, and he might
well:exclaim at the termination, "Au' I had known
that he were so cunning of fence, I'd have seen
him - before I meddled with him."

Last night there was some cavilling at the vote
of 170,000/. for harb.mrs of refuge. Surely the
most stringent economist could not complain cf
such an item. Great Britain depends on her
" wooden walls" for security—on her mercantile
marine for prosperity ; and it is an imperative
duty to do everything we can to reduce ti e
dangers that beset our gallant seamen, and to
mitigate their toils within the narrowest limits.
We confess that we should have greatly preferred
seeing the amount of the vote largely increased.
There is a time-honoured apophthegm which de-
clares that "it is better to pay the butcher than
the doctor," and one in a similar spirit, that
"prevention is better than cure." Well, it is
better to expend the money in works that will
give employment to energetic and active
men, than to have its value sunk in
the devouring ocean, with the addition of
the lives of those dear to their families, and
deserving of a better fate. Millions would be
recklessly sunk in a foreign war, originating in a
ridiculous point of etiquette or some absurd pied
of punctilio, but that which would be for the
general benefit of humanity, at all events of a.)l
maritime nations, is cavilled at and objected to.
It is not because the national defences may also
be strengthened by these havens of safety that
they should be condemned. On the contrary,
they should be supported for serving a double
purpose, being alike useful in peace or in war,
affording succour to all in distress, and casting
dismay on every opponent. It has long been a
reproach to Britain that she has neglected the con-
struction of such ports—that her shores have been
literally "iron-bound," with some rare exceptions.
It is time that this anomaly should be corrected,
and that at short distances, sufficiently near for
vessels in distress, there should be created a
" statio bene fidce carinis" that would mate-
rially reduce the cost of assurance, and the hazard
of life, to seafaring men.

History, it has often been remarked, is but a
series of perpetual repetitions. The truth of this
is being illustrated at the present moment in many
directions. There is the old warlike disturbance
revived again at Montenegro—attracting the
British Mediterranean Fleet, under Lard LYONS,
into the Adriatic, and drawing a Turkish army
Ono€l- more towards the frontiers of Herzegovina.
There was renewed but yesterday further north-
wards the old quarrel upon the shores of the Baltic,
between Germany and Denmark—in the matter
of the Schleswig-Holstein Principalities. There
are rumours again rife to-day of Carlist conspi-
racies in Spain, of Marianne plots in France,
of Carbonari intrigues generally throughout the
Neapolitan dominions. Mormonism is again
rampant in Utah, and uptn the seaboard of the
United States there are flying rumours of fiii_
blustering expeditions. There are intimation,
from the &mine that the Russians are again
building up more strongly than ever their old
maritime stronghold of Sebastopol. There are
telegrams from Trieste that the war of nearly
twenty years ago is to be repeated under the
walls of Pekin harbour whatever forces m
happen to be concentrated there respectively by
the British and the Chinese Governments.
In every instance it is the old story over again,
with what has been designated, in utter disgust,
most damnable iteration. Diplomacy need pique
itself no longer upon its success, when the evils
patched up for a while break forth thus afresh in
every instance after the lapse of an uncertain in-
terval. The record, in fact, of all international
intercourse consists everywhere, in every age,
under every imaginable conjecture of circumstance;

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EiVENINIG, MMY 29, 1858.

LATEST NE WS.

THE OVERLAND MAIL.

INDIA.

We have received our despatches from India and
China by the overland mail, via Marseilles.
The Calcutta advices by this arrival come down
to the 22d, and those from Madras to the 28th, of
April. Our letter by the Bombay mail, published
on Thursday week, was dated, as will be remem-
bered, April 24 ; the present mail, therefore, adds
nothing to our news from the disturbed districts.
The Overland Friend of India has published the
text of the proclamation to the people of Oude.
The Oude B3gum, it is reported, has taken pos-
session of a strong fort in the immediate neighbour-
hood of Khyrbad. She has 3,000 adherents and a
goodly quantity of treasure. , Maun Singh has un-
dertaken to supply boats for the passage of the
Ghoorkas across the Gogra. These allies are at
Nawabgung, and have 4,000 men laden with plun-
der. Koer Singh is said to be very anxious to get
back into Behar. Nana Sahib is at Bareilly, and is
raported to be out of health and spirits, in conse-
quence of the death of two nephews who were
killed, it is believed, at Azimghur. Khan Baha-
door is reported to have died from the effects of
opium smoking ; and this province, Bareilly, is in
a state of utter disorganisation.
Sir J. Lawrence has assumed charge of the Delhi,
Hisser and Sirsa districts, and has called upon
every community and section of a community to repay
the losses sustained by the Europeans (luring the re-
bellion. The repayment will be collected either as
a fine or by the sale of estates or property. Under
this order the Loodeanah Mission has already re-
ceived twenty-four thousand rupees. The above
is all the news relating to the rebellion.
Sir James Outram has taken his seat in the
Supreme Council.

The Overland Friend states that all recruiting
throughout the Punjab bas been put a stop to, and
that the inhabitants are being " re-disarmed."
A letter from Lucknow, dated the 16th, states
all to be quiet, and that the shopkeepers were re-
turning to their avocations in this city. A detach-
ment had gone out towards Fyzabad to aid the
Goorkhas, as they did not like their rear being un-
protected. The heat in camp was very intense,
and numbers of soldiers and officers were in
hospital.

The Calcutta Englishman dwells very impres-
sively on the insufficiency of the European military
force now in India to restore the tranquillity of the
country, and calls for reinforcements from England.
Lord Canning has issued a proclamation calling
on the commissioners of divisions to bring to the
notice of government all natives of the country who
have rendered valuable services during the rebel-
lion. His lordship declares that he considers it
one of his first duties, so soon as tranquillity is
restored, to seek out, acknowledge, and suitably
reward meritorious conduct on the part of the
natives.

In Bengal the magistrates are raising battalions
of police, about 150 strong. They are composed
of all castes except Brahmins and Rajpoots.

CHINA.

Public Lament," and is remarkable for an especial
degree of that excessive pathos which characterises
alike the emanations of the official and popular
mind in China. It purports to be issued by the
people inhabiting the streets within the eastern and
northern gates, and commences thus : "In the
midst of our difficulties our sorrows are increased ;
in the midst of de tth we beg for life, and pray for
assistance to keep us from the way of destruction."
The rest of the address is in the same key, and
when carefully examined amounts to a complaint
that, owing to the inadequacy of the police, rob-
beries aro frequent.
In order to restrain the old passions of the Can-
tonese, the authorities had published a proclama-
tion enjoining politeness to foreigners. This
curious address, grounded on reasons to which the
Chinese have not been accustomed to defer, com-
mences as follows :

The Kwang-chow-foo, together with the chief
magistrates at Nam-hoy and Pun-yue districts,
hereby make known their commands.

Having .consulted with the high officers of the
two great countries of England and France, we
have already united in putting out a proclamation,
inviting all who have houses or shops within or
without Canton to return and follow their usual
occupations, and to trade as formerly. Now, ye
people, you ought quietly to follow your duties in
making a livelihood, and at the proper time a
nev( r ending reconciliation will be effected (with
the foreigners.) Only consider—that Canton people
are perpetually calling foreigners "fan qui"—foreign
devilA, when they see them coming from every
foreign country. This is certainly in opposition
to politeness, and gives offence. Truly it is want-
ing in that courtesy which has been handed down
to us as a custom ; and is not by any means that
deportment which should be observed between the
host and his guest. You do not seem to think
that the people of the middle country and those
from without in the origin appertained to one body
(Adam.) Outside people are like the men of oar
provinces. Those and these should equally exercise
a pleasing countenance and yielding manner ; and
not continue to insult and look down on other men am
the vulgar custom is. If men generally will observe
politeness, then the men of foreign countries will
also generally act well, and there will be no dis-
turbance. Have you not heard that at the open-
ing of a crevice or outlet it is important at once to
stop it ? Now in every street of the ancient capi-
tal of Kwangtuog, why should the people without
a cause delight in putting up long red placards in
which the language is disrespectful ? In the first
ono or two, perhaps, some good affair, under the
name of consultation, is spoken of, yet the ten-
dency is to originate angry strife and ill-will, and
if persisted in will involve the whole Ki-fong or
vicinity. All below heaven should know that
when men treat others courteously, there are none
who do not return the compliment. And in like
manner, if you treat them with the countenances
of proud men, others will with pride retaliate—
never was it otherwise. On account of this it is
proper thus to proclaim our commands, that they
may be more fully understood. Ye men of a hun-
dred surnames, whenever you meet with men of
the great ocean, from whatever country, in the
street, walking or running, by all means treat them
politely, and do not call men from foreign coun-
tries " fan qui"—for devils is a nickname, be-
littling and brow-beating.

The intelligence from China, the latest Hong
Kong date being April 13, relates almost entirely
to the movements of the diplomatists. We learn
that the Russian envoy, Count Putiatin, arrived
at Shanghai in the steamer America, on the 22d of
March ; the United States commissioner, Mr.
Reed, by the steam-frigate Minnesota, on the 24th ;
the Earl of Elgio, in her Majesty's steam-ship
Furious, on the 25th ; and the French ambassador,
Baron Gros, in his Imperial Majesty's steam-
frigate Audaceuse, on the 30th.
A casual letter from Shanghai of April 6 informs
us that her Majesty's ship Furious, with Lord
Elgin and suite, Fury, Pique, and gunboat Slaney,
were under orders to proceed northward immedi-
ately. The steam gun-vessel Cormorant left on the
sth, and would receive her orders at Woosung.
The Coromandel was to be at the Ruggeds on the
10th, to meet Rear-Admiral Sir M. Seymour in
the Calcutta. Two French steamers were anchored
outside.
At Shanghai Lord Elgin received at the British
consulate a body of mercantile men, who presented
an address of congratulation, in which they ex-
pressed their hope that he might be able to subdue
the hostile spirit so long exhibited by the Can-
tonese, develop the resources of China, and extend
the blessings of a higher civilisation. To this ad-
dress, signed by about forty firms of various nations,
his lordship returned the following reply :
Gentlemen,—l am very thankful to you for this
address of welcome. I trust that the kindness
which has prompted it will also induce you to fa-
vour me with the valuable ail of your experience
to enable me to judge correctly of the causes which
have contributed to give to Shanghai its eminent
position among the ports opened to trade with
China. It is satisfactory to me to learn that you
approve of what has taken place at Canton, and
that I have your good wishes for the future success
of my mission. I should respond but indifferently
to these expressions of regard if I were to refrain
from stating to you frankly the principles on which
I have hitherto proceeded, and still intend to pro-
ceed, in the discharge of duties that have reference
to matters in which you have so deep an interest.
In furnishing instructions for my guidance when I
was appointed High Commissioner iu China, her
Majesty's government saw fit to entrust me with a
wide discretion. Circumstances, however, as you
probably know, which wore altogether unforseen
at the time when those instructions were framed,
rendered them in some degree inapplicable, and
thus materially enlarged the discretion originally
confided to me I found myself accordingly on my
arrival in this country compelled to act in a great
measure on my own judgment. I accepted this
task, as in duty bound, without hesitation, but not
I hope without a due sense of the responsibility
attaching to an agent who, in a distant land, be-
yond the reach of advice,. and in circumstances of
unusual difficulty, finds himself the guardian of
the good name and interests of a great Christian
nation. In my communications with the func-
tionaries of the Chinese government I have been
guided by two simple rules of action. I have never
preferred a demand which I did not believe to be
both moderate and just; and from a demand so
preferred I have never receded. These principles
dictated the policy which resulted iu the capture
and occupation of Canton. The same principles
will be followed by me with the same determina-
tion to their results if it should be necessary to re-
peat the experiment in the vicinity of the capital
of the Emperor of China. It is a matter for me of
the highest gratification to know that in pursuing
this policy of combined moderation and firmness I
can count not only on the hearty co-operation and
active support of the representative of his Im-
perial Majesty the Emperor of the French, but also
on the good-will and sympathy of the representa-
tives of other great and powerful nations inte-
rested with ourselves in extending the area of
Christian civilisation, and multiplying those com-
mercial ties which are destined to bind the Eist
and West together in the bonds of mutual advan-
tage. One word, gentlemen, in conclusion, as to
the part which we have respectively to play in this
important work, and more especially with reference
to the last sentence of your address, in which you
express the trust that the result of my exertions
may be fully to develop the vast resources of China,
and to extend among the people the elevating in-
fluence of a higher civilisation." The expectations
held out to British manufacturirs at the close of the
last war between Great Britain and China when they
were told that a new world was opened to their
trade so vast that all the mills in Lancashire could
not make stocking stuff sufficient for one of its
provinces, have not been realised, and I am of
opinion that when force-and diplomacy shall have
done all that they can legitimately effect, the work
which has to be accomplish d in China will be but
at its commencement." When the barriers which
pre,vent free access to the interior of the cruntry
shall have been remove], the Christian civilisation
of the -West will find itelf face to face, not with
barbarism, but with an ancient civilisatien in ma.ly
respects effete and impel feet, but in others not
without claims to our sympathy and respect. In
the rivalry which will then ensue Christian civilisa-
tion will have to win its way among a sceptical and
ingenious people, by making it manifest that a faith
which to aches to heaven furnishes better guarantees
for public and private morality than one which
does not rise above the earth. At the same time
the machine-factoring West will be in presence of
a population the most universally and laboriously
manuf, °Wring of any on the earth. It can achieve
victories in the contest in which it will have to
engage only by proving that physical knowledge
and mechanical skill applied to the arts of produc-
tion are more than a match for the most persever-
ing efforts of unscientific industry. This is the
task which is b fore you, -and towards the accom-
plishment of which, within the sphere of my duty,
I shall rejoice to co-operate.
From Clinton we le as little of importance. His
Excellenby Peh-qui, the nominal governor of the
city, between the exigency of the allies, his masters,
and the obstinacy of his own countrymen, had COTTON FROBI TIIE STATES.—During the week the
been almost harassed to death. His troubles h. d wind has been very changeful at Liverpool, but on Than -
broneht on a. paralytic fit. During the abeyance day morning it veered round and blew stiffly from the
of hie vigilance a number of coolies attached to the W.N.W. The consequence was that many vessels lying
military in the hannel, which were unable to come " north-
t ain were kidnapped. When subsequently
about," Cavaled themselves of !he change of wind and
recovered these men were so maimed that they
wade the pert. Among them were a large number of
could not walk. Pch-qui says, however, that the
cotton ships ;" and up to the present time (4 p.m.,
men deserved all they got, for when captured they
Thursday) there have arrived fourteen ships from New
were in the act of plundering or committing out. Orleans, three from New York, and two from Charles-
rages under the fancied protection of their cloth. ton ; all of which bring part, if not whole cargoes of ootti n
The public opinion ofeCantou is finding expres: This sudden influx to the cotton market will, it is hoped,
sion iu letters posted at the gates and other public be the means of enlivening it from its present very dull
places. One of these documents is entitled, " A state.

LAW INTELLIGENCE—(This Day.)

COURT OF CHANCERY.
(Before the Lord Chancellor.)

IN RE TEE LONDON AND EASTERN BANKING COH?ANY•

This case came again before the Lord Chancellor to
be spoken to upon the minutes. The parties were not
agreed upon the terms of his lordship's order.
Mr. R)lt, Q.C., said that it was not intended by big
lordship's order to restrain the whole proceedings that
were necessary to be taken in the Bankruptcy Court for
the winding up cf the business of this bank,—the proof
of debts, affidavits, and other evidence required to be
taken in the Bankruptcy Court. The order was only
to restrain the assignee, from interfering with the proper
business of the official manager in winding up the busi-
ness of the company.

The Lord-Chancellor said that be only intended to
carry out the intentions of the Legislature, in the act 01
Parliament, to prevent the assignee from interfering
with the proper business of the official manager, and to
prevent a double expense from being incurred against
the estate. The creditors were represented by the
creditors' representative.

Mr. Rolt—But it is necessary to go into the Court of
Bankruptcy for a proof of debts, as the official manager
will not give up, nor give access to, the books of the
bank.

Mr. Amphlet, Q.C.—lt is the bona fide intention 01
the official manager to render every possible assistance
to the assignee.

The Lard Chancellor—l did not restrain the assignee
from assisting the official manager, nor vice versa.

Mr. Rolt—Then the costs of carrying out the order
should be costs in the suit. There are many collateral
points upon which costs might be given, but it would
double costs.

The Lord Chancellor—l would be sorry to increase
the expense in that way.

Mr. Daniel, Q.C.—Your lordship will give the cost.
up to the date of your lordship's order, and you will
also give the creditors' representatives' costs, and 0.0
costs of the choice and appointment of an assignee.
The Lord Chancellor—Yes, with liberty to apply.