The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-15 00:00:00

A U S TI

A letter dated Vienna, Oct. 10, says the
Emperor, in the afternoon of Monday, had chanced
to look from the window of his palace into the
Franzens-Plate he would have seen a very unusual
concourse of people. In the morning of the day in
question, Count Rechberg sent to the Foreign
Ministerseet them know that he should not be
able to r eive them as usual, because a Cabinet
Council was to be held. By some means or other
it became generally known that the Emperor and
his Ministers would meet in Council at an unusual
hour, and some sanguine politicians at once came
to the conclusion that the finishing touch was about
to be put to the Provincial Statutes. They accord-
ingly went to the F ran zee s -Platz,where they waited
for many hours in the vain hope of beinc, able to
obtain an inkling of what was doing in the interior
of the palace. The following anecdote has been
related, because it shows that the Imperial edicts
are expected by the people with an impatience
which is almost ungovernable. Yesterday the
Wiener Zeitung was thrown aside with contempt,
because it contained no official news of importance,
but the curiosity of the public will soon be satisfied,
for it has been decided that the so-anxiously-expected
Patent Laws shall be published before his Majesty
leaves for Warsaw, which he will do on the 21st
inst. During the last few days Count Rechberg has
been negotiating with some of the leaders of the
Hungarian Conservatives, but there is little or no
chance of his being able to come to an understanding
with them, as he.is not wUling tQgrant a toith part
-of-what they deaand,r ntMrkleij'retarved
home very soon after ti; Ireichsrath was prorogued,
and Count Apponyi and M. Von Mailath have fol-
lowed his example, but Count Szechen is still here.
The Emperor's autograph letter to the Patriach
Rajacics will not fail to increase the excitement of
the Hungarians, as it proves to demonstration.that
the Government is having recourse to its old wiles
in order to bring about a misunderstanding be-
tween themselves and the Servians. The latter,
who in 1690 emigrated to Austria from the Prin-
cipality of Servia, always claimed and long enjoyed
complete autonomy, though their right to it was
disputed by the Hungarian Diet. Rather less than
a century ago the Hungarians endeavoured to
amalgamate the Servians with themselves, but the
latter, not liking the process, applied for protection
to the Empress Maria Theresa, who readily pro-
mised it. Her Majesty kept her word, inasmuch
as she would not allow the Hungarians to oppress
the Servians, but she gradually introduced the Aus-
trian regime into the Voivodina. The National
Congress for the election of the Metropolitan, and
for the regulation of ecclesiastical and scholastic
matters met from time to time, but the Servians
were dissatisfied with the protection accorded, be-
cause it deprived them of all freedom of action. In
older times the Patriarchs always acted as Presi-
dents of the National Congress, but the Empress
Maria Theresa thought fit to place commissaries of
her appointing in the chair. While the Emperors
Joseph 11. and Leopold 11. were on the throne Na-
tional Congresses were held, but since that time all
the special rights and privileges of the Servians
have been in abeyance. They will now be partially
restored, in order that the Servians in the Voivo-
dina may object to the reunion of that province with
Hungary. The expression, " Illyrian National Con-
gress," is likely to be frequently used in my corre-
spondence, and it may therefore be well to state
that the word " Illyrian" must be understood to
mean the non-united Greeks inhabiting the pro-
vinces which formerly belonged to the Hungarian
Crown. The words " Illyrian National Congress"
makes a good appearance on paper, and produce no
disagreeable impression on the ear, but they mean
very little, as the Assembly is only what is here
called a " consultative" body. The relations be-
tween the Hungarians and Croatians are already very
intimate, and the Pozor, an independent paper,
which is published at Agram, in the Slavonic lan-
guage, recommends the two nationalities to defend
their common rights against any foreign (German ?)
element.

So many arrests are now made in Venetia, the
Southern Tyrol, Istria, and Hungary, that the inha-
bitants of those provinces are exceedingly excited,and
some of them almost openly express their resolve to
try to get rid of such an 4‘ unbearable yoke" at the
very first opportunity. Hardly a day passes without
political prisoners being sent by railroad to Bohe-
mia, and last week no fewer than 40 persons
arrived at the fortress of Joscphstad in the course
of 24 hours. On the 9th inst. several students
were arrested at Pesth, and at once removed
to some other part of the empire ; Count
Edward Carolyi, the cousin of Count Louis Carolyi,
who for the moment is Austrian Charge d'Affaires
in London, was a few days ago arrested at Salzburg,
while on his way home from Ostend. Three per-
sons were to have been arrested in the Szolnok

County (Hungary), but when the police arrived
they found that their expected prey had escaped.
Some days ago a special messenger was sent with
despatches to General St. Quentin, the Governor
of the Temesch Banat and Voivodina, and it is be-
lieved that he has received powers to place these
provinces in a state of siege should it appear ad-
visable so to do. Persons coming from the Banat
say that the position of the German employes and
military men is almost untenable. Some days ago
you were informed that traces of a conspiracy,
which has ramifications in the Southern Tyrol,
Istria, and Hungary, has been discovered in Vene-
tia, and it now appears that the Government is in
possession of papers containing the names of the
persons who were to have taken the lead at the out-
break of a revolution. The papers in question are
said to have been found in the possession of a per-
son who was arrested on suspicion of being a Pied-
montese agent. During the night of the 3d inst. a
foreigner shot himself at Venice, and the people at
once came to the ccnclusion that he was an agent
of Garibaldi, and had taken his own life in order to
escape the police who were in pursuit of him.
There is again a question of a Congress for the
settlement of the Italian question, but this Govern-
ment will hardly be a party to it, unless it is pre-
viously agreed that the right of Austria to retain
possession of Venetia shall not be called in question
by any of the Powers. Indeed, it is not very pro-
bable that the Emperor Francis Joseph will autho-
rise any one of his Ministers to sit down at the
same council-table with Count Cavour, who is here
considered the most perfidious of diplomatists.
The fortifications are completed at Malamocco, and
the Austrian engineers are now of opinion that
Venice will be able to hold her own against any
force which Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi can
bring against her. In the local papers it is stated
that England is bargaining with Austria for a
naval station in the Adriatic, but I am not inclined
to attach much importance to the intelligence. It
is, however, an indisputable fact that the relations
between England and Austria are improvtinf,
Her Majesty, the Queen, who quitted Coburgt this
morning, is said to have been much offended-
oh,at.
her yacht, the Fairy, was detained at coleFn
()fug
the Prussian adthorities. The Custom-housed
the vessel,
cers at Cologne wanted to go on 1.,?a:
_fficial
but her captain declined to accepft t."
as he was not inclined to let "anOVrat Mayenee,
jesty'E things be
her 1%
turned upside down. The Fair the
night. Prince
whore the Queen will Pass;ie hurt his knee when
Albert is somewhat lame, The skin on the
he jumped out of the
*roltly injured.
nose and chin was very s
* The principal coltrt
in the Bur, is thus named after
the late Emperor,

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1'44t.,
110 N- CA SED .8 RIMS OF yv. ii x-eq...
A writer in a contemporary says—Those:,
who have agreed in favour of the construe:4*On
these vessels have done so, I believe, from a smite
knowledge of the effect which can be, prodn ced by
heavy rifled cannon, Mr. WhitwortshhsowBlol-ipgaru,ensudeitra,
the largest hitherto constructed,
little, if at all, superior to those produced by an esni
) -
pounder service gun ; while, if we may judge .o
the letter of an Artillery officer which appeared in
the Mechanics' Magazine last week, all Armstrong
guns of a larger size than 40-pounders are unsafe.
Notwithstanding that my opinion maybe op-
posed to that of many naval officers of great weight
and experience in their profession, I am neverthe-
less convinced that an iron-cased ship (unless her
plates were of a thickness utterly to prechale the
possibility of her being a seagoing ship) a light
b 0 destroyed from shore batteries, large frigates, or
gunboatsti at distances at which she could be hit
W
any degree of certainty, say two or three thea-
sand yards, and with guns very little, if at all,
heavier than the service 68 pounder gun.
If Government will find the money I will engage'
to furnish them with
g
shall penetrate the sidesuonfs naavedssepolrjoaescodtilwes which
shall
iron
boast
plates 41- inches thick at the distance
To show that this is no vain
how it can be done. I will explain
It has been proved that a 681 b. shot of wrought
iron will penetrate a 4-1--inch iron plate with facility
within the distance of 100 yards, the initial velocity
of the shot being less than 1,800 feet a second.
Those who know anything of the theory of pro-
jectile force will be aware that a shot of 170.1 b.
weight, striking an object with a velocity of 1,100
feet a second, would have a penetrating power quite'
equal to that •f the 681 b. shot, while the general
effect of the blow would be enormously greater.
That a projectile of 1701 b. weight may without
difficulty be fired with the above-mentioned velocity
was proved beyond a doubt the other day at Shoe-
burynesa, when, from a rifled gun, an elongated
projectile of 1711 b. weig ght was fired with a mean.
velocity of 1,200 feeta second to a distance of .420
yards, the time of flight being 5.31 seconds; while
the mean velocity of flight in a range of more than.
10,000 yards was as much as about 1,100 feet a
second.
According to the ordinary method of calculation,
therefore, this shot should penetrate an iron plate
at almost any distance within its range with the
same facility as would a 681 b. shot at a distance of
100 yards. It would really do so, however, with
even greater facility.
No iron-cased ship could come within the range
of guns similar to the one I have referred to with-
' out the risk of destruction, unless, as I remarked,
the plates of iron were so thick as to render the
vessel an inert, floating mass, such as might pro-
bably be available for coast defences, but for no
other purpose, Vessels of this description, indeed,
if armed with the above kind of gun, would pro-
bably be the most formidable kind of batteries
which could be devised.
With respect to the angular plates which have
latoly attracted some notice, I would observe that
their efficiency in preventing the penetration of
shot must depend upon the relative position of the
guns which are brought to bear against them. If
a vessel constructed with angular plates were op-
posed to a battery high above the level of the water,
or to another vessel which carried her guns high,
the object of having the plates in a sloping posi-
tion would be defeated.
There is no royal road to a knowledge of these
matters, and so little is really known of them that
the opinion of scarcely any individual at present is
worth listening to. A course of careful and sys-
tematic experiment is the only method of arriving
at any certain knowledge of the subject, and until
this be done all argument upon it must be a mere
waste of time.

THE LOSS OF THE STEAMER ARCTIC.

MR. SHERIDAN KNOWLES DROWNED.
We have already recorded the loss of the screw steamer
Arctic in the Baltic. A telegram received by the owners
gives the following list of the drowned :—Of the crew—
Turnbull (the mate), Laverack (steward), Smith and Neal
(firemen), and Birkman (the stewardess). Passengers--
Mr. Sheridan Knowles (dramatist), Miss Reading, and Mrs..
Butterworth and child. The owners have also received the
following particulars from Captain Bowes, who, writing
from Harborg, near Lemvig, Jutland, Oct. 6, says :
It is with feelings of the deepest regret that I have
to announce to you the total loss of your fine steamer the
Arctic, at this place, which happened under the following
circumstances :—I left Grimsby on Tuesday morning at,
six a.m., with a most favourable prospect of a fine
passage, the wind being at S.W. It continued fine
and moderate until Wednesday, the 3d inst., when at
six a.m. sprung up a stiff breeze from the W.S.W., so that
the ship went pleasantly along. At noon, I found by obser-
vation and soutding that she had made a good course, she
being then in lat. 56 deg. 14 min. N., and 25 fathoms water,
being from SO to 90 miles from the mainland. At one p.m.
came on a most terrific gale from the N.W., which caused
several heavy seas to break on board, which washed into the
engine-room at the doors and bunker holes to such an ex-
tent that the fires were immediately extinguished. The
ship then became unmanageable, the wind blowing away
everything it could catch hold of. All hands were imme-
diately set to work with buckets, as wo could not get any of
the pumps to work, to try and bail it out, but the water
gained on them, so that by morning the engine-room was
nearly full. Everything was done by the officers and crew
that could be done, but all was of no avail to save the ves-
sel, for she drifted fast down before the gale on a lee shore.
At eight a.m. the gale rather more moderato, tried to set
the forotopsail, but it blew away, so that I could only get
two or three fore and aft sails set, which were not of much
use. At 10 a.m., saw the land distant about 12 or 14 miles,
then prepared the anchors, which were let go about seven
or eight miles from the land, but she would not look at them.
I then thought I would slip the cables and let her go as
high on the beach as possible, for the safety of all on board,.
so I went down along with the mates to try and do so, but
could not get the end adrift, and during the time I was
down she struck on an outer reef with about 33/4 feet on it,
when she must have started some of her plates, for she
immediately filled aft and began to settle down in deep
water. I rushed aft to try and get all from the cabin to the
fore end cf the ship, it being then the safest place, but by the
time I got to the bridge a tremendous wave came on
tane_d
covered the stern, so that only four of the American geniels,
men escaped. Mr. Sheridan Knowles, Miss
Reaodindrgo'wnod.
Butterworth and child, and the stewardess, bee, with the
We then all got to the foremast as quick as
named John Smith, who jumped overboamr
• his cabin. There
exception of Mr. Turnbull, the chief mdaEsdaswn dasadfirorewmnaned
immediately. Tho eats was drowned
rs
sfeonumgre.pon the following day,
five in
nt then
ml7a
ionf
tuosp,. crewt
wasan
.na'ls.lotnhethfeor4etthopins, ant.d,
night in our wet
having had to endure the horrors
all f
time.
and there we remained untildthfPoeeasunrsr pe
The ship was
clothes, it blowing andofraulwater, the
-a long
about three-quarters of a
lying in five fathoms
mile from the land, and
the
people on shore could render us
no assistance until it began
to
o.meoderate, which
k inst., and at p.m. they managed to
get
carry m notor e un-
til
was
noon of the 5t 4
the lifeboat off to us. I then got 14 into the boat along with
t l
and she being no ar,
enough to Was
myself,
obliged to go on shore, where we safely landed ; but the
boat in coming on shore the second time capsized in the
surf, when the steward, a fireman named Neil, and an Eng-
Judi gentleman named Mr. Earle, who was residing here,
were all drowned, It was mainly through his exertions
that the boat was got off at all. None of us saved anything
but the clothes we stood in. There are now about 500 bales
of cotton, some bales of twist, and a few light cases washed
on shore. As for ship's stores there is only the deck work,
it is all broken to pieces. The ship is broken in two, and
should she break to pieces there might be something washed
on shore ; but I do not think that will be for some time yet,
It will be necessary to send a copy of the manifest here, so
as to know to whom the cargo belongs. At present it is all
in charge of the custom-house officers. We are all at pre-
sent under the care of bin C. B. Claudi, Lloyd's agent for
this district. I sent a telegram, which I have no doubt you
have received. I await your reply and instructions. I shall
get the crew sent off as soon as as possible."