The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-25 00:00:00

r THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVE_NING, APRIL 25, 1867.

This arrangement will enable the troops to reach
India as early in the season as under the old ar-
rangement of despatching them from England, by
sailing vessels, in the months of June and July.
Two of the transports will be employed in the con-
veyance of the troops from Suez to the Indian ports,
and there will be engaged in conveying them from
the English ports to Alexandria.
Staff-Surg. Morphew, of the 4th battalion, has
been appointed acting principal medical officer to the
troops at Colchester, until the arrival of Surg. Fat-
long, 6th Dragoons. Three officers, two sergeants,
two corporals, and six rank and file of the 4th and
Bth depot battalions are under similar oilers to pro-
ceed to the llythe School of Musketry on the Ist of
May. Staff-Assist.-Surg. Jay has been posted to
the 4th depot battalion for temporary duty. Capt.
Amtruther and Lieut. Junes, 94th Regiment, arc
under orders to join the depot of their regiment ;
Capt. Godwin, Ensigns Rivett and Paterson, Ist
battalion 16th Foot, and one drummer, 65 rank and
file, one sergeant, and three privates, 100th Regi-
ment, are held in readiness to join the service com-
panies of the corps in Canada.
The following appointments have been made at
the Admiralty : —Commander E. C. Symonds, to
the Castor (drill ship of the Royal Naval Reserve),
vice Jackson, whose period of service has expired ;
Lieutenant Frederick C. W. Liardet, to the Im-
placable ; Lieut. Charles J. 11. Bliss, to the Royal
Adelaide ; Lieut. Robert Ross, additional, to the
Cumberland, for service in reserve ; Lieut. Arthur
Williams, to the Indus ; and Clarence E. 11. Mes-
sum, nominated a naval cadet.

Sir W. Mansfield on the Stiength of the
English Army in India.

[ll om the Homeward Mail

The following is a full report of the remarks
made by H. E. Sir W illiam Mansfield in the
Governor-General's Council after the delivery of
Mr. Massey's financial statement on March 9 :

" Sir W. Mansfield said that whilst he maintained
that the Sanatory Commission had overstated their
case, they had been the means of awakening the
public conscience to a great duty, for the perform-
ance of which the military and medical officers in
this country had long been asking, but which had
been set aside on financial considerations. He held
in his hand a return which had been prepared in
accordance with an idea suggested to him by the
report of the Sanatory Commission ; it was a return
showing the health of every station in the army
during each quarter. There was nothing that gave
a commander-in-chief more trouble than being met
by statements as to the unhealthiness of this or that
station, which it was, of course, absolutely neces-
sary that somebody should remain to garrison.
Whereas, if reports came up from the commanders
of regiments, from medical officers, and from
generals in command of divisions, representing the
necessity of removing a regiment from a particular
station, it put the commander-in-chief and the
Government to great embarrassment and difficulty.
Peshawur had had the credit of being one of the
worst stations in India. His Excellency had
ventured to contest that opinion, though at the same
time he had great authbrities against him. When
he was serving in that station he was himself in tho
field continually from October to July. There were
troops always in the field throughout the cold
weather, the hot months which followed, and a
portion of the rains. In a country verging on the
tropics, whose climate was so subject to malarious
influences, no men could stand with such exposure.
Much of the sickness declared inherent in Peshawur
might therefore be properly ascribed to constant
active service in the field, to which troops serving
in that station were more liable than any others.
He had the satisfaction to say that during the
past year, 1866, Peshawur, instead of standing low
in the list of stations placed according to health,
stood well both as regarded casualties and men in
hospital. It stood nineteenth on the list out of fifty
stations, and below it were such stations as Chin-
surah, Shajihanpore, Roy Bareilly, and so on. He.
did not wish to ascribe more importance to that
circumstance than it deserved ; but he thought it
showed that Peshawar, hesi lea having the natural
influences of climate to contend against, was also a
station where the troops were necessarily liable to
more active service and exposure than in any other
station. It also showed how much might be done
by attention to sanatory measures, and where the
power to amend sanatory conditions necessarily
ceased. It further proved that there might be an
explanation of the bare facts, as shown by returns
of sickness and deaths, which constantly escaped
the notice of the public, and even of scientific au-
thorities, unless attention was speedily directed to it.
During the last three years an order had been in
force, declaring that the area allotted to each soldier
in barracks should be 90 feet ; that was in accord-
ance with a recommendation of the Sanatory Com-
mccewvoriabosuesswerl idnnodenobinvngt.yoooJlnll though no such order had been previously
in existence, still, in a great majority of barracks,
there was not a much less area given to each soldier,
at all events during the hot season. It was a fact,
as shown by medical officers, that if we would insure
the health of our troops, we must look not only to
avoiding
.emedGn
etacorpiol
vG:ahnerroidrits
novi
fterumri
Government
nel influences,nmenthnie,
tanoedt
and
nncnl
edovewi
except,
commanding
order
at
tembeht Inba t
had so
ntvrasedeloprsri
stereotyped
miorigitsutyl
so.
cupohreerf
fioddhvcefeeborrr
sy
a There
con-
duced to health as that to which he had referred.
He recollected when Fort William was a Golgotha,
when the amount of sickness in that fort caused it
to be dreaded by the troops worse than Sierra Leone.
Nov there was hardly a station which exceeded it in
sanatory condition. Much the same might be said
of other stations. Conservancy and drainage defeated
the malarious influences of the climate, and the result
justified the expenditure which had been incurred in
giving them effect by the Government of India.
He had observed it stated in England that opinions
had been ascribed to him as if he had recommended
a large diminution of the European force in this
country. It would be in the recollection of the coun-
cil that nearly two years ago, at the invitation of the
Government,he considered the question of reduction,
and with due regard to what he believed compatible
with security he did prepare a scheme for the reduc-
tion of the number of the rank and file of British
troops, and to this perhaps allusion had been made.
That reduction had been commenced upon last year,
and had not yet been entirely completed, but he be-
lieved it would be so in the course of this year.
Since 1865 he had made no farther proposals for
the reduction of British troops, but had only, in the
execution of his office, carried out the final resolu-
tion of Government. He had made no recommenda-
tion beyond the conclusions stated by him in 1865
with respect to the three arms, nor was he prepared
to make any; on the contrary, he held very decided
opinions that we could not safely make any further
reduction in the British forces ; in short, we had
reached the proper limits of the establishment. We
heard a great deal at home of what was called the
large European army in India. It was believed by
many people in England, and perhaps by some in
this country, that we bad a European force not
much less than that which was here at the close of
the mutinies. The facts were as follows :—ln April,
1861, there were 82,000 men in this country; at the
present date the actual number of British troops was
under 61,000. If we compared that number with
the army that existed at other dates, we found that,
in the year 1856-57, the year before the mutiny
broke out, the strength amounted to 45,000 men ;
so that the difference between the present year and
the year before the mutiny was only 16,000 men.
He ventured to think that, after the experience of
1856.57, and the great lesson of native character
which they had learned in those days, the present
strength of British troops was not too much to ask to
insure the security of our empire in India. He made
these remarks because he heard complaints adopted
in England, and iu some instances by men of autho-
rity, to the effect that we had greatly too large an
Europeanforce for this country ; that, because there
had been an improvement in firearms, that was a
reason for the reduction of the force ; and, again,
because there were difficulties at home in the way
of recruiting that was a reason for reduction ; and
lastly, that because, according to the Sanatory Com-
Waimea report, there were great eickiaeee and

mortality amongst the British troops in India, which
he ventured to say from the facts he had laid before
the council was not actually the case, and was not
attributable solely to the climate, that that was a
reason why we should not expose British troops to
such danger in this country. But in his opinion all
those reasons were absolutely illusory. With regard
to improved arms, every one knew that the arms at
present in the hands of the British troops in India
were far superior to any that they would have to
contend against, and he could, therefore, see no ab-
solute necessity for giving breech-loading arms to
the troops in India under present circumstances,
except the imperial and very sufficient reason that
uniformity of arms should prevail among all the
troops composing the British army, wherever they
might be stationed. Again, wish regard to the
difficulty of recruiting, we had nothing to do ‘A ith
that ; we must ask for the necessary garrison,
the great interests of India, and therefore of Eng-
land, could not be imperial. d. We surely should
not forget the lessons of the past, and the dangers
and loss we had incurred by inatten: ion to such prin-
ciples in the occupation of a vast country possessing
au almost countless population. It took us two
years to overcome the mutinies, and it was owing to
the mercies of Providence that the struggle did not
extend to ten years instead of two. We did not
impose on the population of the United Kingdom a
greater drain for troops than it could afford, and
that was but a very small demand with regard to the
enormous importance of the interests confided to the
British garrison in India. Iu short, we could not
afford to tamper with that garrison, the mainte-
nance of which was an Imperial and by no means
a mere local necessity. To do so would be as if the
Government were to remove all bullion reserve,
and trust to the paper currency by itself ; that was
the argument with which we should meet all those
who asked us to reduce the number of British troops
in India below that figure which experience and ob-
servation had proved to be indispensably necessary."

LAW INTELLIGENCE-April 24.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER.
COOPER V. WELLS.

This was an action by Miss Cooper, a governess,
against a surgeon, in practice at the West-end, and
having a residence at Hampstead, to recover damages
for wrongful dismissal from his service, and also to
recover possession of certain anonymous letters
which had been addressed to her. The trial, which
extended over two days, took place at Guild-
hall before the Lord Chief Baron, when the jury
found a verdict for the plaintiff, with £5 damages
for the wrongful dismissal, and also a verdict for the
plaintiff in the count in trover, with £lOO damages,
to be reduced to ls. in the event of the letters being
returned.

Mr. Serjeant O'Brien, on the part of the defend-
ant, now moved for a new trial on the ground that
the verdict was against the evidence, and also, by
leave reserved, to enter a verdict for the defendant
on the second count, on the ground that the plaintiff
had no property in the anonymous letters. The
principal question was whether the plaintiff was the
writer of those letters. It was a singular case, sur-
rounded by that kiad of interest which generally
belonged to a'i undiscovered mystery, but he con-
fidently believed that when the letters were closely
examined they would themselves yield up the secret
and point to the real author. He ventured to say
that the evidence in the case fell little short of de-
monstration that the plaintiff herself was the writer.
The Lord Chief Baron—You must first deal with
the preliminary question whether, even supposing
the letters were in the plaintiff's handwriting, they
are not still her property, so as to entitle her to a
verdict on the trover count.

Mr. Serjeant O'Brien said that Miss Cooper en-
tered the service of the defendant as governess to
his children in February or March, 1865, and ap-
peared to have con iucted herself with great pro-
priety until she left. She and the servants and
two children lived iu a cottage at llampstead,
w hile Mr. and Mrs. Wells resided at their
house in town. In December, 1865, two or
three anonymous letters, addressed to Miss Cooper,
were delivered at the hous and she handed
them to Mrs. Wells. Singularly enough the writer
complained of Miss Cooper's conduct to the children,
and said that when she went out she met and walked
with gentlemen, and neglected the children. Mrs.
Wells told her to pay no attention to anonymous
letters, adding she did not herself, and took the first
letter shown to her and threw it in the fire. She
also told her if any more letters iu the same hand-
writing came, she was not to open them but to hand
them to her. In March, 1866, another letter of the
most fearful obscenity came. It was addressed to
Miss Coopei, and contained the foulest imputations
both upon her and Mrs. C. Wells. Miss Cooper
handed it unopened to Mrs. Wells, who kept it for
the purpose of discovering the writer. A second,
a third, and a fourth of the same character were re-
ceived, and Mrs. Wells made it known among the
servants, who consisted of a nurse, a general servant,
a gardener, and a charwoman, that she would give
£lO reward for the discovery of the author. She
also dismissed one of the servants. This, however,
did not stop the letters. One addressed to Miss
Cooper referred to an incident which occurred in
the house two days before it was written. One of
the servants had the toothache, and Mrs. Wells gave
her some
could
u lhadd nearly
chloroform,onlyearl
have
ea
slept a
enbdetnshe writer said that Mrs.
Wellse
servant
to the servantsvant to death. This
affair
in the house and this young woman, or to some one
to whom it might have been communicated. In
another letter it was said that Miss Cooper would
have to take charge of all the children, and that
while she would have all the trouble the nurse would
have all the credit. In November, Mrs. Wells sus-
pected her of being the writer, and ultimately it was
arranged that she should leave at Christmas, the
state of her health being one of the reasons given
by Mrs. Wells. A day or two afterwards another
letter was received, in which this circumstance was
mentioned.

The Lord Chief Baron—Your case is that no one
knew of the circumstance except Miss Cooper and
Mrs. Wells.

Mr. Serjeant O'Brien—Precisely. The letter was
as follows :—" Now, Miss Cooper, you see that
what I told you has come to pass. Mrs. Wells is
going to send you away, and pretends it is your
health. She knows very well it is nothing of the
kind. Nurse knows all about it, and glad enough
is she—so she said herself." The nurse had lived
with the family Cleve❑ or twelve years, and was
living with them still. "She hates you ; she is
always finding some fault with you to Mrs. Wells,
and Mrs. Wells believes her far before she does
you. She is a dreadful lying wretch is that nurse.
She will be found out listening at the doors before
long. She is jealous of you, that is the whole of it.
She does not like the children thinking so muzli of
you. Do not seek to stop after Christmas." The
day before this was written Mrs. Wells bad a con-
versation with her, when it was arranged she should
leave at Christmas. "They will only laugh at you
when they see the last of you. She is a nasty in-
terfering creature, nurse—she must have a word to
say upon everything. Why I wrote these letters
to you was for you to give Mrs. Wells warning, in-
stead of her sending you away. Emma (the nurse)
listened at the door, and knew all about it before."
Afterwards Mrs. Wells accidentally found some of
Cooper'g undoubted handwriting, and on it
being shown to Mr. Netherclift, the expert, he pro-
nounced it to be the same band as had written the
anonymous letters. Without communicating her
suspicions, Mrs. 'Wells told Miss Cooper that she
wished to see her father on the subject of the letters,
upon which she seemed greatly distressed, and
begged her not to go to her home, alleging, as a
reason, that her mother was a very passionate
woman. She, however, gave Mrs. Wells her
father's address in the Borough. This was ou the
evening of the 26th November, between five and
six, and afterwards Mrs. Wells went to town.
About nine the same evening, when Mrs. Wells
returned, she was shown a letter addressed to
herself, which had been found in the letter.,
box attached to the gate of the house. It was
anonymous, and in the Bailie handwriting as the
other letters, and, moreover, was enclosed in an
envelope which corresponded exactly with a packet

of envelopes found in the desk belonging to one of
Mrs. Wells's children, to which Miss Cooper could
have access. The writer of it appeared to have
known what had taken place that very day.
Mr. Baron Bramwell—Had it any postmark ?
Mr. Serjeant O'Brien—lt bore no postmark. The
letter was in these terms :—" My intention when I
first wrote these letters was to try and get your
nurse out of her place ; but as I could not do that
I tried to annoy you by setting you against Miss
Cooper, and sending her away to your inconvenience;
but finding I could not do that I have tried to an-
noy you; but I now solemnly take my oath that
Mies Cooper has bad the last letter she will ever
have, and you shall never have another. May God
forgive me for ever writing such letters. Once I
should have liked to have seen nurse sent away, for
I hated her. The. writer of these letters has lived
with you. You know her as well as you do nurse.
I know you and nurse quite well ; but I know very
little of Miss Cooper. Once more I take my oath
that this is the last letter you shall ever have. I
did not live as long with you as nurse did, but I know
you as well. I confess all I have said is untrue. I
am a liar, or I never could have said what I have.
I never, by all that is sacred, will write to you again
—either of you."
Mr. Baron Bramwell—That rather seems to be
the letter of a person living in the family, because
instead of using " the" before nurse, the writer
speaks familiarly of " nurse." The learned Baron
also remarked that he did not see how these letters
could be worth £lOO to the plaintiff unless she was
the author of them.

Mr. Scrjeant O'Brien—That is exactly the way
in which I put the matter.

The Lord Chief Baron—lt is impossible not to
feel that the jury might have been influenced by
the consideration that ii they found this young per-
son to be the author of these letters it would be
her immediate add lasting destruction, in this
world. They found that there was not sufficient
evidence to justify them in saying that she was the
writer--not that she was not the writer.

Mr. Sergeant O'Brien was insensible to the con-
siderations which might govern the jury in that
respect, because he was satisfied that throughout
greater kindness could not have.been shown by any
human being to Miss Cooper than had been shown
by Mr. and Mrs. Wells.
The Lord Chief Baron— The folly of Mr. and
Mrs. Wells was that, having reason to suspect Miss
Cooper as the writer, they did not give her back
her letters and send her about her business.

Mr. Sergeant O'Brien submitted that they would
have acted wrongly if they had done any such
thing, as the letters contained foul libels upon mem-
bers of the family. Although Miss Cooper left at
the end of November Mr. Wells paid her salary up
to the Ist of February following, but she claimed
the cost of board and lodging during that time.
The learned counsel then referred to the evidence of
the experts, and said that although the suggestion
was that the letters might have been written by one
of the domestic servants, there was no false spelling,
and that a scientific word, which an illiterate person
might be supposed not to be able to spell, had been
correctly spelt.
The Lord Chief Baron said he should have been
glad at the trial, and would be so still, if a stet
processus could be entered.

Mr. Sergeant O'Brien—l should have no ob-
jection to a stet processus as regards the whole
proceedings.
The Lord Chief Baron—But before a suggestion
for that purpose can be made you must show you
are entitled to a rule.

Ultimately the Court granted a rule nisi to enter
a verdict for the defendant on the count for trover.

MIDDLESEX ,SESSIONS.-April 24.

(Before Mr. Bodkin, Assistant-Judge.)

A man, who refused to give his name, was in-
dicted 1 ,r stealing a watch, value £7, the property
of Charles Cook, from the'person of Charles Bur-
chett Cook.

The prosecutor is a watchm tker and jeweller, car-
rying on business at No. 72, Oxford-street, and on
the 29th of March, at about eight o'clock, the pri-
soner went into the shop, and after looking at some
watches, snatched one from the hands of Mr. C. B.
Cook, and ran off with it. He was overtaken, and
brought back, when he threw the watch to the back
of the shop, from which it sustained considerable
injury.

The jury found the prisoner guilty.
The Assistant Judge sentenced him to be im-
prisoned and kept to hard labour for nine months.
William Smith, 19, was indicted for stealing a
purse, 35., and other moneys, the property of Maria
Oakley, from her person.
The prosecutrix said she lived at 21, Douglas-
road North, and about three o'clock in the afternoon
of the 6th inst. she was in the Aboyne-road when
the prisoner approached her, seized her by her
wrists, wrenched her purse out of her hand and ran
away with it.
The jury found the prisoner guilty, and a former
conviction was proved against him. It was also
stated that he was a trainer of young thieves.
The Assistant Judge sentenced him to be kept in
penal servitude for five years.
Thomas Gollan', 23, was indicted for stealing a
watch and chain, the property of George Patrick,
from his person.

The prosecutor is an assistant to a draper in
IVhitechapel, and on the night of the 9th inst., be-
tween 10 and 11 o'clock, he was proceeding home
down the Whitechapel-road. As he was passing the
end of t court the prisoner rushed out, snatched his
watch and chain, and ran away with them. He was
followed, however, and given into custody.
The jury returned a verdict of guilty.
The Assistant Judge sentenced the prisoner, who
had been previously convicted, to be imprisoned and
kept to hard labour for two years.
(Before Mr. Payne.)
Charles 'Wilson, 27, a stonemason, was indicted
for a robbery of jewellery, consisting of watch
chains, pins, rings, &c., to the value of about £4O,
the property of James Silvester, from the person of
Sophia Cleave.

kr. Daly prosecuted ; the prisoner was not de-
fended by counsel.

Sophia Cleave, living at 58, London-street, said,
On March 6 she had some jewellery to sell, and the
prisoner, whom she knew, offered to dispose of some
of it for her. After speaking to her for a minute,
he snatched the basket from her arm, and made off
with it. This took place at her house, and she did
not see the prisoner again until April 1, when he
was taken into custody.
The jury found the prisoner guilty, and the po-
lice, who described him as one of the most successful
and expert carriage thieves at the West-end, proved
former convictions (one of penal servitude) against
him.

Mr. Payne sentenced him to be kept in penal ser-
vitude for seven years.
George Hales, 24, a coalporter, was indicted for
stealing the sum of 165., the property of J. Keek,
from his dwelling house.
Mr. Harris prosecuted, anl Mr. Wood defended
the prisoner.

The prosecutor keeps the Oxford and Cambridge
public house, Chalk Farm-road, and on April 4 the
barmaid, Mary Ann Casselden, found the prisoner
making off over the counter with the silver in his
hand. She seized him, and, in spite of some savage
blows and kicks he dealt her, detained him until he
had been secured.
The prisoner pleaded guilty.

Mr. Payne sentenced him to be imprisoned and
kept to hard labour for 12 calendar months, and
ordered the young woman to receive a sovereign as
a reward for her conduct.

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SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

---4.-

TIMES.—In the preparations against contingent
hostilities in which French and Germans are sup-
posed to be engaged, it is evident that the latter
have at least one important advantage. They are
all of one mind as to the excellence of their military
organization. The " Landwehr system" was, with
the Prussians, of spontaneous indigenous growth ;
recent splendid successes are ascribed to its efficiency,
and it seems so well suited to the peculiar instincts
end habits of the whole nation, that it has now been
adopted by the Minor States so lately at war with
Prussia in all those particulars in which their own
institutions were not wholly uniform with it. Some
faint opposition was, indeed, raised in the North-
German Parliament ; but no objections have ever
been urged against its essential principles, and, in-
deed, the managemsnt of the War Department has
been the clo .k to cover a multitude of sins in the
policy of the Berlin Cabinet. Von Roots and Von
M ltke have jeseified Bismark. In France, on the
ether hand, there reigns something like anarchy of
opinion on military matters, and it seems as if the
Government there endeavoured to throw upon the
army the blame for its own inaction. Because the
Emperor would not go to war last year, it was rashly
asserted that Hs conduct was influenced by the un-
satisfactory condition of his army ; and by propos-
ing a reorganization of his military establishment
the Emperor was held to have himself countenanced
the evil report. The Imperial scheme, however, not
only met with instinctive resistance on the part of
the people, but has been subjected to severe, though
by no means hostile criticism by competent judges,
conspicuous among whom are the Ducd'Aumale and
Generals Trochuaud Changarnier ; and it is difficult
not to feel convinced of the correctness of their views
in vindication of the present French system. That
system, as they justly contend, is emphatically
French. It is what has been deemed for many years
best suited to the character of a nation whose warlike
virtues no one ever disputed. The conversion of the
French army into an awned nation would, they
maintain, utterly disorganise and neutralise the
system. There is no doubt the rival nations start
on different principles, and must needs arrive at
different results. Prussia makes every man a soldier,
but dismisses every soldier after the shortest possible
'period of service. An army thus organised is not
capable of prolonged exertions far away from home ;
and Gen. Changarnier is borne out in his assertion
that the soldiers of the First NapaSon in his early
Italian and German campaigns were men of quite a
different temper. We are not equally sure, how-
ever, that in the late war the Prussians after a few
days' march " covered the roads with their stragglers
and crowded the hospitals with their sick." The
evidence of our Special Correspondent at their
camp has given us a very different impression as to
the hardihood of these troops. We may agree with
the General, nevertheless, that mere drill is the
smallest part of sthe soldier's training, and that it
may take years • to inure him to the hardships of
distant warfare and the harshness of strict discipline.
For distant expeditions like those of Napoleon I.
small veteran armies are doubtless most effective,
and Changarnier and the Due d'Aumale are justi-
fied in their opinion that the later armies of the
First Empire lost in soundness much of what they
gained in bulk. But we do not think, for all this,
that " extemporized soldiers" should be so much
disparaged as they are apt to be by military men.
General Changarnier is now seventy-four years old,
and has seen no active service for the last fifteen
years. The American and German wars came
upon him as unprecedented phenomena, for which
his own experience did not enable him to account.
He also viewed the subject too exclusively from
a French point of view. Many of his observa-
tions, indisputably correct as to France, could
not apply in the case of the German race.
The French people are brave and high-spirited, and
make the most dashing and desperate combatants ;
but it is, perhaps, because they have so much natu-
ral mettle that they are comparatively deficient in
endurance. If it is true, as it can hardly be dis-
puted, that it is " the soldier's leg that wins the
battle," there is no doubt that the German youth,
by their fondness for all kinds of athletic exercise,
by their schetz and turniervereine, by their pedes-
trian feats as students and apprentices, must pro
duce the best " leg." They must supply the most
solid stuff for infantry soldiers, precisely as the
Hungarians, reared as it were to the saddle, are all
ready-made troopers. Physically speaking, the Ger-
man ought to make the more available recruit ; and
although the Frenchman has the advantage of a
quicker intelligence and livelier spirit, still there is
something in the steadiness and docility, in the very
dulness and heaviness of his German neighbour which
rendere him, as a conscript, less " agitated," less
" disquieted in the enemy's presence,''less prone to
" discuss the chances of the struggle and to exagge-
rate the unfavourable ones," and, in short, less
liable to panic," than, by Changaruier's confession,
the French young soldier is apt to be. Gen. Trochu
seems also aware of this want of solidity in the phy-
sical and moral character of his countrymen, and
'proposes to cure the evil by a manlier system of
training in the schools. There is another point on
which General Changarnier seems to us to judge too
exclusively from preconceived French notions, and
that is his horror of married soldiers. It may be bad
economy in any country to send out fathers of fami-
lies as " food for powder," but where the Government
is willing to take charge of widows and orphans there
is no doubt but domestic affections are rather au in-
' citement than a hindrance to a true man in the dis-
charge of military duty. Thousands of Prussian re-
serve men went into the field last year sorely against
their will ; but we question whether they were found
less stout adversaries from any anxious thought of
the families they had left behind. This is a subject,
however, on which the French will no more than
the Italians look with Teutonic eyes. Married men
in the South of Europe are excluded not only from
military and naval service, but alio from police and
custom-house duties, as if, by taking a wife, a man
contracted something of his partner's softness and
became unfit for man's original trade. In the midst
of this conflict of opinion among French leading
men, it is, we believe, fortunate for France that, if
she is to go to war at all, she should bring into the
field her army as it is, before any experiment or re-
form is attempted. Such as it is, the French army
has a right to consider itself by far the best in Eu-
rope, if for no other reason on account of its constant
experience of active war in her African colonies.
Should an outbreak occur, the legions recalled from
Algiers, and those just brought home from Mexico,
could boast of a far more intimate acquaintance with
the real hardships of the field than the Prussians
gained during the brilliant exploits of their seven
days' trial. We can understand that Changarnier
should scout the idea of mustering " so many French
against so many other soldiers ;" " 60,000 men," he
says, " can meet 100,000 with better chance of suc-
cess than 3,000 have of opposing 5,000 ; and beyond
a certain number, no army can be easily fed and
directed." Such are the views of all sensible men.
Should an appeal to anus become a fatal necessity,
no doubt the French of the present day would still
be the men of Jena, and, possibly, the Germans also
the men of Leipsic. It is precisely because a trial of
strength between the two races would scarcely exhi-
bit any new feature, and hardly lead to any new re-
sults, that the event should be so earnestly depre-
cated. The two enemies are familiar with each
other's valour ; they ought to be ready to do each
other justice without renewing a struggle to which
neither of them has reason .to look back with un-
qualified exultation. Rivers of blood would be sure
to flew, irreparable injury must be inflicted, long
before any benefit could accruceto either side—any
such solid and permanent advantage as might re-
pay one-hundredth part of the terrible cost. The
advice so opportunely tendered by Changarnier
to his own countrymen is equally applicable to
either side :—" However critical may be the con-
dition of European affairs, it is equally important
that France and Germany should keep their temper;
that there should be no provocation on either side ;
that they should not ruin themselves by extravagant
armaments, but should busy themselves with the
crowning of their respective edifices—France, her
liberty ; Germany, her unity ; that they should
make other people envious of their happiness, and
inspire them with admiration of their free institu-
tions ; that they should show greater regard to the
peace of the world, and put forth less pretensions to
the glory of universal peacemakers." Should the
war-cloud that is now threatening Europe eventu-
ally vanish, it is not only to peace that we should
look forward, but to general disarmament, and to
that object France and Germany could both equally
conduce the former by acting up to her own views
about compact and highly-trained forces, the latter
by adhering to her own plan of a small standing
army with large reserves.

IiERALD.—Irhe pleasures of public life must be
great indeed to compensate for its pains. When
office a man emerges from a private station he forfeits
all social privilege and protection. lie is no more
master of himself, be becomes the property' of the
nation, and the nation treats him as it would any
other property—that is to say, just as it pleases. It
may take care of him, improve him, put him out to
interest, or, on the otherl hand, it may neglect him,
make ducks and drakes of him, or realise upon him,
and so get rid of him altogether. But whether the
public man be honoured and upheld, or maligned
and trodden down, he is certain to be harassed
almost beyond bearing, and to find his life at the
best only warranting the qualified praise of the
ensign who called carrying the . colours of his regi-
ment " an honourable bore." Wherever he goes,
and whatever he does, he is subjected to the closest
scrutiny, and whether for flattery or fault-finding,
the inquisition is the same. .A.ad while he is saving

himself from his foes he is always exposed t°
similar annoyance, inflicted with the best of jute!:
tions, from his friends. He is supposed neither to
.
eat or drink, walk or ride, without a political object,
and even doing nothing at all is attributed to a Pro-
found policy. Thus all social freedom is destroyeo,
the public man lives in a moral state of siege, an'
may at any time have to capitulate through 3fe
chance words spoken in a club, or an accidental en;
counter in the street. That he is a public wan is a
sufficient excuse for any criticism, whether
by friendly impertinence or malicious intention. Ile,
must not object to the most minute personal refer'
ence, on the part of " own correspondents," to llnni
to t
e
self or his family. Ile must yield himself up
photographers. He must either ignore or pretence
to be amused at the caricatures of his appear3ni
in the comic papers, which his friends so keen.)s
enjoy and his own servants roar over. The hatter
done a severe test to a sensitive person,
aware that the man who so reverentially clrtorieit
his plate at dinner has been in ecstacies of delir
all the mornin,, at the picture of his master listens',
to the voice of a politic 11 charmer with a Pair .„
dictate:.
donkey's ears; or clinging to his favourite cunvii-;
tions, typified by a cocoa tree, in the character °lie
ring-tailed monkey! But it will never do for a PnAb
man to be thin-skinned ; he must bear these nui„
hundred other familiarities as bravely as nig
he has, in fact, to undergo a test of temper eclut,,`ei,
lent to the bullying imposed upon a " new fellow d
a public school, or the practical jokes which 111,8,,eir
to be visited upon young officcrs on joining t' -es
regiments.' But when the public personage haPP„,iees
to be a Royal personage also, then, indeed, eo'4'o
the tug of war. In despotic countries the despot e•-0
protect himself, at least against misrepresentatto t
and satire. Akhbar Khan or Solytuan the Magni fieenci
could make short work of a libeller or a jester, alie,
even in Europe in the present day there are Sl9/
reigns who are not to be trifled with by gentlet.ne
engaged in literature or art. In modern times li:iincgol
have forbidden the circulation even of respec„
portraits of Royalty, unless approved by thernsell;
But satire is more difficult to deal with. Ti MO he
burnt in books and newspapers, but it remains in t
air, and as it is usually engendered by a bad WI,
atmosphere, the only effectual means of counterae
ing it is to remove the cause. In the Case of orowneo
heads, however, it is notrso much the enemies '-
the friends who are to be dreaded, and the att'Ts
tions of the latter have assumed a form of late years
which calls for rebuke. We allude to the discusainlis
which take place among the doctors almost as is
matter of course whenever a Royal personage of
suffering from ill health. Not only is the nature
the malady made manifest in its fullest particala',''si
but the treatment adopted is described with medley
minuteness, while both are made the subject of Ober
troversy by professional pens. We all retnel33 tb
the correspondence which took place after the dety.
of the Prince Consort as to the cause of the ealaut,s
and the means employed to avert it. The rtinel.,
of Wales—happily under less serious conditiooser
has been for some weeks the subject of similarcei of
ment. And now, it seems, the Prince Imperitterf
France is condemned to the same fate. In the la' o
case the revelations have passed the boundary es
painfulness, and become of a positively ludicrodi,
character. By one statement, contained in a ale of
cal journal, we were informed that the disorder.
his his Imperial Highness arose from a bruise va:btlhe
had afflicted him " ever since the beginning 0' of
legislative session," certainly a curious suggestion
ed
cause and effect. And last week we were fav°grby
with an account of an operation necessitated there,ier
which would scarcely bear mention except unur,
medical sanction. The latter revelation was the
tainly a drop to the dignity of—let us hoPe":he-
future ruler of France. It may be said that v"-sre
discussions of the ailments of Royal personages ,3110
induced by the sympathetic anxiety with which
public regard the state of their health. That °LI
a feeling is strong—as regards our . own Rliet
family at any rate—is not to be doubted. 'Joy
granting the fact, surely some sort of &lief!,
should be observed in its gratification. Where
Royal personage is concerned publicity bc,Tomes_AP.'S's
perative to a certain extent, if only for the purl is
of preventing unnecessary alarm. But beyond the
point the illustrious sufferer may well claim ,;s,
privilege of a private person—to be spared the
semination of details which should be sacred to tw,
sick-room. Have the worthy persons who originstv
and to some extent compel others to purveY• ea
particulars of the cases in question, ever considerby
how their information is likely to be received ler
the friends of the patients? And there is a"c't Ica
question involved—how far the discussion of
tile?
matters is consistent with professional etique or
In the ordinary cases contained every weelc---'OO
the undoubted benefit of the healing art—in
medical jourtuls initials only arc given, afford 7
no clue to the identity of the subject. In the etrig
ordinary cases alluded to the names are not 011',
openly paraded, but are avowedly the 'll,3h' 0
source of interest in the matter. Nay, „
doctors who are so inconsiderate of the fee„cfy
of the patients and their friends are equado
unceremonious with one another. Not ooli,s
they discuss the treatment in unreserved ter7;
but they applaud it or condemn it as pleases the
se'
and thus open a new source of anxiety for tiVoci
who are responsible for its provision. It is re
enough for the friends of an invalid to find the O,
delayed, but it is infinitely worse to hear suggesss,
tions that there has been a blunder in the busine
and that such a thing would not have happened ff
such another thing had or had not been done. ~0,1
such a practice as this be according to profess' the
rule, the sooner professional rule is altered ,`'es
better. Fancy a controversy in the Law I"' !op
among the members of the bar after the concinsh.,
of a great case, as to whether Mr. Somebody, 12'0
or Mr. Sergeant Somebody Else, had or had not io
his client's ease by taking or avoiding a partiun'it,
line of argument, calling or not calling certain v/..„br
nesse.s, and so forth. Such a course would aul'ea
not be tolerated by the legal profession, nor e_cl.no
by the public, however the latter may stand Isis
its right of comment upon open proceedings. 'lv
high time that these points were considered in ke
lation to great medical cases, not only for the s's
of illustrious sufferers, but for the character o.`be
profession which cannot exist—and still less tie
honoured—without the observance of an eticilw
scrupulous and delicate in the highest degree.