The Sun.
London, England, 1858-10-05 00:00:00

THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

By the arrival of the Royal Mail steamer Athens
we have received our letters and papers. We ex-
tract the following summary of news from the Cape
Argus of Aug. 21:—
Since the last mail steamer, the steamer Indiana
has put into Table Day, on her way from Calcutta
to London. She left here on the 12th instant, and
we forwarded by her a summary of news up to that
date. It will be hardly necessary to repeat the
information then given, as the Indiana will, no
doubt, anticipate the mail now despatched.
Accounts reach us by each post of the Governor's
progress to the Free State, to mediate between that
country and the Basutu chief Moshesh. Sir George
is received everywhere with the greatest demon-
strations of respect and regard, and the same hopes
are everywhere expressed as to the result of his
mission. That the mere establishment of peace
between the belligerents is not the sole object of his
journey, may be inferred from his answers to ad-
dresses presented to him. He trusts that the divine
blessing may attend his humble efforts to attain an
end which will be the means of obtaining such
great blessings for the whole of the southern por-
tion of this continent. It need hardly be said that
this is the prayer of all classes of people in all parts
of the country, both black and white. It is uni-
versally felt that the future peace and happiness of
Southern Africa depends upon a fortunate solution
of the question at issue. A new feature has arisen
for the first time in the history of the old world's
contact with the new. No aboriginal race has ever
yet come directly in contact, either with Anglo-
Saxons or any other European race, except to its moral
and physical ruin. For the first time, and in Southern
Africa, a native race has been found strong enough
to resist the wiles and blandishments of the white
man, and able enough to hold its own in spite of
every effort to crush it. Thi., eadz-
created a revolution in the popular sentiment here.
The native races towards the interior now stand in
an attitude of armed and combined resistance, dan-
gerous to the weak but independent self-existence
of the governments which have sprung up beyond
our present borders, since the commencement of the
British retrogressive policy. Whilst it is univer-
sally felt that European colonisation must continue
to obey the natural laws of expansion, and to ad-
vance towards the interior, it is almost as univer-
sally acknowledged that that expansion can only
be controlled and directed beneficially by British
supremacy. Under that, it may reasonably be
expected that the true interests of aborigines will
be as faithfully considered as those of the white
man, in the latter's progress northward, and that
white races and black may be found advancing, in
future, side by side and hand in hand in the arts
of peace, now that it is proved there are black races
in South Africa which do not require the usual
preparatory training of utter moral and physical
ruin to prepare them for the course of civilisation
and evangelisation. Without British supremacy,
South Africa may be expected to remain, for many
years to come, what it is at present—a land torn to
pieces by the dissensions of various antagonistic
races. The Governor, it was expected, would to-
day reach Bloemfontein.
Federal union with this colony has become a
very favourite idea with the people of the Free
State. Numerous meetings have been held, at
which its adoption was eagerly advocated. It is
the most desirable form—if not the only one—in
which the Free State can be again united to us.
Commercially and prudentially speaking, Iv e are
probably better without the State ; speaking in the
interests of humanity, some measure of the sort
seems absolutely necessary. But the Governor, as
he has already intimated to the petitioners, can do
nothing without reference to the colonial and home
legislatures.
The German Legion is still upon full pay and
allowances, although the Governor has received
orders months ago to put it on half-pay. life has
exercised a wise discretion in delay, for the mo-
ment it is done, the Legion is expected to disappear,
and its scattered units may have a prejudicial effect
upon society. Why should the Legion not be
allowed to volunteer for India? Both officers and
men are generally most anxious to go, and the
greater number have been soldiers all their lives.
The Indian Government had applied for two of the
Legion's excellent cavalry regiments before the
disturbances broke out. If more troops are to be
sent from here, why not send the Legion ? It
would terminate a great difficulty satisfactorily
for both parties. The Home Government has
ordered the Legion to be paid, for the future, out

of the colonial chest. Does that mean ours or

that of British Kaffraria, or was it meant as a
joke ? It has been found necessary to put
the German immigrants in British Kaffraria
upon Government ratioßs. They had been for some
time subsisting upon the charity of their country-
men in the Legion, themselv,es hardly able to exist.
The Governor's intention of giving away 200 farms
in Kaffraria to farmers with some capital from the
old colony is being carried out, and will rapidly
afford a source of profitable labour to these poor
people.

The prospectus of the South African Colonisa-
tion Company seems to have created some agreeable
excitement in the Eastern Province. We know

nothing about such a company here, except that it
was got up in London solely for the benefit of South
Africa, and without any reference to profitable spe-
culation on the part of the projectors. It is to be a
bona fide affair, and the Governor is seriously
patronising it, and has got a grant of 40 square
miles at the mouth of the Umzimvooboo from Faku,
the chief of the Amaponda Kafirs, which are to
form the locale of the future settlement.

Immigration is going on, but we shall soon be
overdone with skilled labour. Blacksmiths and
carpenters are very necessary, but they are only
consumers, and do not much aid in developing the
resources of the country. W
e want more agricul-
tural labourers. Woolis increasing daily in
amount and improving in quality ; but wheat, th e
staff of life, and other cereals and necessaries of life,
are grown to a ludicrously small extent in a coun-
try capable of any amount of production. We want
more producers, for we have still to draw the most
of our supplies of food from foreign sources.
Slavery on the west coast is rampant, as, indeed,
it seems to be everywhere just now. The capture
of a Portuguese supposed slave cutter is affording
employment at present to the Mixed Commission.
We are much in want of a Civil Engineer to
supply the official vacancy which has occurred. It
is hoped that a really efficient man will be sent
out, and, not a mere hanger-on of the Colonial-

office. Fifty-two thousand pounds, a large sum for
-us, has been voted for new roads and bridges during
the present year. A great deal of our future pro-
gress in necessary public works depends upon
having an engineer properly up to his work. Rail-
ways and other works, not provided for in the
above sum, will also be commenced this year.
Kafirland is perfectly tranquil. The paramount
chief Kreli is trying to assume a little power again ;
but situated as he is, beyond the Kei, it will be
impossible for him to render any annoyance for a
long time to come. He is now occupying the rugged
country between the Bashee and Umtata Rivers,
and has still a number of people about him. There
are many of his people, however, in every part of
the country buying food and seed corn, and giving
guns and horses in exchange for cattle.
The Parliamentary elections are fast approach-
ing. There will be no contest in the Eastern
Province. Seven members, the exact number
required, have consented to take upon themselves
the representation of that province in the Legisla-
tive Council. For the eight western seats there
are nine candidates, so we shall have a contest in
the Western Province. The elections commence
on the Bth of next month,
Major Hope, the Auditor-General of the colony,
has been ill for some months, and is not likely to
resume the duties of that office. He is an exceed-
ingly popular servant and possesses the confidence
of all parties. He has filled the office for many
years. He is the brother of the late Justice Clerk
Hope, of the Scottish Court of Session.
The first party of missionaries to the Zambezi
left Cape Town yesterday for the interior. The
second party will leave in about a fortnight. A

few days ago there was some talk of an auxiliary
society being formed in this city, to co-operate with
the missionaries, and through them to gather addi-
tional particulars regarding the physical charac-
teristics of the country in which they are about to
labour. We have not yet heard of the formation
of this auxiliary.
A grand mass, followed by a Te Deuna, was cele-
brated on Sunday last, in the Roman Catholic
Cathedral, in honour of the fete day of his Majesty
the Emperor of the French. Mr. Haussman,
French consul, assisted in the ceremony—the first
on record in this colony.
H.M.S. Megcera, and the screw-steamer Prince
Arthur, are now in Simon's Bay, preparing to em-
bark troops for India. It is expected that the
2d Queen's, and the 2d Battalion of the 60th Rifles,
will be forwarded by them. The 85th Regiment,
it is said, will be stationed at Natal, and the 45th,
which will thus be relieved, will be removed to the
colony, preparatory to being sent home or else-
where. The head-quarters of the 31st are at King
William's Town.

The only vessels of war, connected with the
naval station, at present here are, H.M.S. Hermes
and H.M.S. Lynx. The Lyra is said to have re-
turned to the Molambique from Mauritius.
The merchant steamers which have recently
visited Table Bay have been the Indiana, Ireland,
and Cleopatra.
Two British ships—the Scotia and Carpentaria
—are at present in Simon's Bay, getting repairs,
having put into port in a leaky condition. Both
vessels will have to discharge cargo. The mate of
the Carpentaria, named Bailey (of Maryport, Cum-
berland), was drowned at sea on the 7th inst. The
La Rochelle, with German emigrants, selected by
Messrs. Goddefroy and Son, of Hamburgh, is now
in Simon's Bay. She will leave that port for East
London in a few day
An investigation relative to the proceedings
which took place on board the British ship Marian
Moore, of Liverpool, whilst on the high seas, has
recently taken place before the resident magistrate
of Simon's Bay. When the Marian Moore arrived
in port, here, last week, the captain was in con-
finement, and the chief officer had command of the
vessel. The crew and passengers charged the cap-
tain with drunkenness ; while the captain, in re-
turn, charged the crew with mutinous conduct on
the high seas. The crew were imprisoned for a day
or two preliminary to their trial. Upon the hearing
of the case before the resident magistrate, they were
acquitted, the court finding them not guilty on
all the counts upon which they were charged, on
the ground that the master of the vessel (Captain
Morton) was incapable by drunkenness, of main-
taining the command. Capt. Morton has since been
summoned to appear before the resident magistrate
of Cape Town; on Monday next, to answer a charge
preferred against him, of having assaulted a lady
who was passenger on board his ship from Calcutta.
Several ships have been chartered in India by the
Indian Government for transport of horses from
this colony, of which the Countess of Elgin and
Floating Light have arrived at Algoa Bay.
FREIGHTS continue very low, and as no induce-
ment offers for ships to proceed to eastern ports for
higher freights, vessels here are taking in wine at
10s. per pipe ; wool, td. to id. per lb. ; and copper
ore, 7s. 6d. per ton.

EXCHANGE.—Treasury bills, issued by the Com-
missariat department, at 1 per cent. prem. thirty
days. Private bills at thirty days, par.

The Diana, the first steamer ever sent to th
northern fisheries, has just arrived at Hull from Davis, e
Straits. She has 14 whales, 125 tuns of oil, and 6f tons of
bone ; and reports the steamer Chase, with 8 large fish, 115
tuns of oil, 7 tons of bone ; and the steamer Tay, of Dundee,
with 6 whales, 100 tuns of oil, and 6 tons of bone. The
superiority of steamers for engaging in this trade is fully
demonstrated.

PROPOSED VISIT OP AMERICAN MILITARY TO
IRELAND.—The 69th Regiment, under command of Colonel
Ryan, propose to visit Ireland by one of the new Galway
line of steamers. Colonel Ryan has been in communica-
tion with Lord Napier on the subject, and the latter has
written to his government to know whether there could be
any objection to the boys of the 69th paying a visit to the
country of their ancestors. Over one hundred names are
enrolled as among those willing to go on the excursion.—
Boston Pilot.

THE LAST OF THE MAIL COACHES.—The old.
Derby mail, the last of the four-horse coaches out of Man-
chester, finished its course on Saturday. When the rivalry
of rails and steam had run all other coaches off the road, the
" Derby Dilly" still held its own, and the well-known route
through Buxton and Bakewell to Rowsley could still boast
its " four-in-hand," though " the team' was hardly equal
to what ithad been when coaching was in its best days. It was
thought that railways would not find their way through the
Peak, but the Midland line penetrated as far as Rowsley
some time ago, and more recently the London and North-
Western have reached Whaley-bridge on the other side,
leaving but a short link to be filled up, and the last of the
old four-in-hand mails has succumbed to the competition of
the iron horse.
THE NEW K.C.B.—Rear-Admiral of the Red,
Sir Henry John Leeke, whose elevation to the dignity of a
Knight Commander of the Bath we chronicled in our
columns on Saturday, is a son of the late Henry Leeke, Esq.,
an active magistrate and deputy- lieutenant for the
county of Hants. He was born about the year 1789, and
entered the royal navy in 1803. Whilst a midshipman of
the Voluntaire frigate, he took an active part in the capture
and destruction of a French convoy in the Bay of Rosa s.
Having risen through the intermediate steps of promotion,
and having served on various stations, he was appointed
superintendent of the Indian navy in 1851. In 1854 he
was appointed a rear-admiral on the reserved list, but was
subsequently selected for active employment, and in De-
cember, 1856, was appointed to command the fleet sent out
to conduct the naval operations on the coast of Persia. Sir
Henry J. Leeke is already a Knight of the Hanoverian
order, and is also a deputy-lieutenant for the county of
Southampton. He married in 1818 the second daughter of
James Dashwood, Esq., Parkhurst, Surrey.

THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.—A telegraphic
despatch received at Halifax from New York on the 23d of
September announces " the cable all right." Other accounts
state " satisfactory signals have been received at Trinity
Bay, Newfoundland, through the Atlantic cable during the
past three days." As no messages have been received on
this side through the wire, the report will appear at first
wholly undeserving of credit, but it admits of an explana-
tion which holds out the hope that communication from
Ireland to Newfoundland may actually have been esta-
blished. It is believed that some new instruments of extra-
ordinary power have been used at Valentia for transmit-
ting signals, and if these have been successful the circum-
stance of the connection having been kept up only one
way will be accounted for, since they have no similar in-
struments at Newfoundland by which to send return mes-
sages. The public, however, must not rush to 'any very
sanguine conclusions, as, even supposing communication
to have been effected, there must be great doubt under any
circumstances as to its being steadily maintained, unless
the injuries known to have been sustained by the cable
should be found to admit of repair.
MR. ASSHETON SMITH'S HUNT.—The following
circular from the Marquis of Ailesbury is in the course of
circulation to the gentlemen residing' in the Tedworth
country :—" Sir,—l have received from Tedworth, a com-
munication from Mrs. Assheton Smith, informing me that
if I or the gentlemen who live in the neighbourhood have
any intention of continuing to keep hounds here, she *ill
have 'great pleasure in presenting us with the Tedworth
Pack of Hounds;' adding that it will be a great satisfac-
tion to her that they should remain in the country instead
of being disposed of to strangers.' I consider it a duty I
owe to the gentlemen residing within or near the country
lately hunted by Mr. A. Smith, to let them know forth-
with the very liberal and handsome offer which Mrs. Smith
has made. I am not myself disposed to become a candidate
for the honour of hunting the country, nor do I, at this
moment, know of any one who wishes to do so ; but I con-
ceive the best mode of ascertaining the wishes of the gentle-
men generally interested in this matter is to meet together
for the purpose of considering the question, and if necessary
of entering into a subscription in order to preserve this fine
pack of hounds to this country. I believe several gentle-
men intend to meet at the Star Inn, Andover, on Thursday
the 7th inst., at one o'clock ; and it would give me much
pleasure if you and any friends of yours interested in this
question could make it convenient to be present ; and thus
enable me to return an answer to Mrs. Smith."
CHURCH RATE ABOLITION IN THE PARISHES.—
As it is stated that the Government are in search of infor-
mation whereon to found a Church Rate Bill next session,
it is hoped that they will not restrict their inquiries 410
eccle-
siastical functionaries, and to seyen years' averages, 3ut will
take particular note of current events, as indicating how
little likely they are to succeed in passing a measure if it be,
as is given out, one of a halting and compromising charac-
ter. Looking through the record of what has been effected by
the anti-church rate party during the month of Sept., we
find that they have succeeded in defeating attempts to obtain
rates at Cheadle, Gainsborough, Silkstone (Yorkshire),
Brasted (Kent), Waddingham (Lincolnshire), and Llanfair
(Montgomeryshire) ; and that at Kingsbridge, at St. Peter's,
Worcester, and at Gillingham it has been amicably resolved
that voluntary contributions shall be asked for in lieu of a
rate. At Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, where there was a
severe contest last year, the churchwardens have . sent
round requests for the payment of a voluntary rate. At East-
bourne, where a rate had been carried, it has been thought
prudent to expend money already in hand, instead of collect-
ing it. All these are clear gains to the voluntaries, who have
been going on at the same rate every month since the Lords
threw out their bill. And what have their opponents to show?
Merely triumphs at Croydon, where they have increased
their majority, and at Weymouth, where the rate has just
been contested for the first time. They have, to be sure,
carried a rate after a fashion at Towcester, where the chair-
man refused a poll of the entire parish, and at Christ
Church, Newgate-street, where the proceedings were
vitiated by the refusal to put legal amendments. In fact,
it is chiefly by means of such irregularities that rates are
now obtained in places where they are vigorously opposed.
Thus at Ipswich, instead of sending notices through the
parish, as heretofore, the churchwardens have put them up
at the churches only, and where they cannot be seen, and a
North Wales rector has actually held a vestry meeting in
the middle of morning prayers, to put the enemy off the
scent. Two other incidents should be noticed, as showing
the strong determination of populous parishes to get rid of
the exaction, viz., that at Chea,die between 2,000 and 3,000
persons attended the meeting, and that at Camberwell
between 600 and 700 ratepayers have been summoned as
defaulters.

MEN AND MONEY.

(From the Derbyshire Courier.)

We have two or three words to say to two or
,hree recent statements of the Times.

We have just "passed," says our contemporary,
" through a long period of severe commercial dis-
tress." There has been " a great aggravation of
pauperism in the manufacturing districts. During
the half-year ending last Lady-day, the total ex-
penditure in Lancashire for the relief of the poor
was 56 per cent. more than in the corresponding
period ending Lady-day, 1857. In the county of
Nottingham it was 30 per cent. more; in the West
Riding of York 16 per cent. more ; in Cheshire 9,
and in Durham 6 per cent. •
The Times hereupon begins to maunder :about
the time when " demand suddenly flags when
markets have been overstocked, and credit over-
tasked, when suddenly there arises such a want of
money that even great houses, which eventually
pay 20s. in the pound, are obliged to suspend pay-
ment, of course manufactures must be sold at what
they will fetch ; the value of good will fall below
the cost of production ; it becomes ruinous to ma-
nufacture what can only be sold at a loss; mills
and factories must be closed, and thousands turned
from their gates to find work and bread where they
can."

We all recognise the truth of this picture of dis-
tress. But there is something worse behind. "No
legislation can prevent this 1"
This is statement No. 1.

Here is statement No. 2. "As far as the man-
agement of public enterprise is concerned the coun-
try is without a character, and no man will trust
his neighbour." Worse and worse ! We arc not
only poor—which, as the Times observes, " the
Legislature now counts as a crime,"—but we are a
nation of rogues—of poverty-stricken swindlers—
and there is no help for it.
Well, then, we go on to statement No. 3. " The
Bank Bullion is now within £3,098,073 of the
highest amount ever reached." Discounts must be
reduced, if the Bank is to have business, or pay
dividends. This reduction, the Times sapiently
remarks, had better take place " while trade is yet
sou n d."

Trade, then, is bye-and-bye likely to become un-
sound. The public are " wild and ignorant," it ap-
pears, and likely to " fall into intoxication " with
so much money at command, and the City writer
recommends as a cure for this proneness to mone-
tary intoxication that discount should pursue its
spontaneous course down to 1 per cent. or up to 20
without the intervention of Chancellors of the Ex-
chequer.
You see, then, Gentlemen Manufacturers, the
road on which it is your destiny to travel. Money
at 1 per eent.—the low rate being an indication of
the abundance of money—will inevitably lead to
high, or at, all events, to remunerative prices. Gold
will become the cheapest article of export. Money
will be contracted and become scarce. Discounts
will go up to 20 per cent. Let us hope with the
Times, that no Chancellor will interfere, but that
the Bank will be left to stop payment, " as the Act
directs," that the dividends will remain unpaid and
the taxes unlevied. _

But when this takes place we strongly object to
being told by any one, either in Parliament or the
Times, that we are "without character."
The persons without character, as we think, are the
shallow currency doctors who are willing to see
thousands of their fellow-countrymen ruined, and
the poor starved, because having been weak enough.
to adopt an erroneous and ridiculous theory of
money, they are not honest enough to confess their
error, and. do what they can to repair the ill effects
of their ignorance and folly.