The Sun.
London, England, 1858-06-14 00:00:00

yards being run in 4 minutes 46 seconds, while
making 16i revolutions per minute. The principle
of cheap fares has been adopted by the proprietors,
as the through passage-money from London to New
York is for the first class passengers only 181. ; se-
cond class, 101. ; and steerage, 71. By this new
route the merchants of Belfast and of other towns
in Ireland will be greatly benefited. At present
they are compelled to ship their goods to Liver-
pool and then trans-ship them to the Atlantic
steamers ; this expenditure will be saved ; the in-
surance will be reduced one-half; because only one-
half of the risk will be incurred. Liverpool may,
indeed, be jealou., as she was when competition
was established at Glasgow, and the Clyde con-
tended against the Mersey, but the expanding
trade between Great Britain and the United States
will furnish occupation to all the rival lines. The
public at large must be benefited by the earlier re-
ceipt of intelligence, and as it will arrive two days
sooser than by any of the established routes, Lon-
don, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and
Glasgow will participate in this common advan-
tage. We must, therefore, nut only congratulate
the merchants of the United Kingdom but the
landowners of Ireland, on the extension of ocean
steam navigation between Galway, Halifax, and
New York. If we mistake not Lord Campbell, the
Lord Chief Justice, is owner of the Barna estates,
which adjoin the town of Galway. His property
will be doubled in value, and that may give him
some secret satisfaction for the displacement of
Lird Palmerston. In the improvement of his pos-
ses'ions in the west of Inland, Lord Clanricarde
may find ample compensation for the loss of the
Privy Seal, which so suddenly escaped his grasp.
The il'ustrious Lord Gough, whose military ser-
vicas hwe not yet been rewarded with the well-
merited baton of a marshal,- will be pleased with
the prospective improvement of his Galway estates,
and his magnificent castle of Loughconter ; and
many others will participate in this prosperity, and
receive honourable reward in the augmented value
of a sit Irish possessions.

THE ERUPTION OF MOUNT VESUVIUS.

NAPLES, June B.—At the risk of being considered
a one-ideaed man I send you another report of,t he
burning mountain. Wishing to have another and
more perfect view of it, on Saturday last, at about
two hours of day, I started from Nap! s, and after
escaping from all the varied seccature of guides,
torch-bearers, drivers, and a host of other impro-
vised artists, found myself after three-quarters of
an hour's walk in front of the fire. Early as it was
there were many there before me gazing ou the
wondrous scene. A vast bed of burning metalic-
looking coke was sweeping down over smiling vine-
yards, carrying everything before it. The mass was,
I should say. 800 feet in width—the "Journal" says
half a mile—and how long the eye could not calcu-
late ; for, looking upwards, it was lost behind the
heights. As to the rate at which it was travelling
nothing could be moredeceptive. Had it been in a
narrow channel it would have been comparatively
easy to make some dec'sion, but its very grandeur
baffled me. Row after row of the vines, however, fell
before it—great trees shivered and shook and tossed
about as if a heavy wind were blowing, though it
was a dead calm, and soon yielded to the destroyer
—and, marching continually over the black frag-
ments of scoriae on the surface, on it came without
ceasing. Since midday it had advanced full 100
paces. There had been a house on a point not far
distant, tenanted a few hours before, the fragments
of which I saw in the folds of the lava. The poor
creatures had taken refuge in a cave formed be-
tween the upper and lower s'reta of an old lava
eruption. Behind the shoulder of a hillock stood
a handsome villa which had been saved by its posi-
tion ; the grounds belonging to it were all, how-
ever, buried under the black mosses, and. the ten-
ants were standing on the terrace looking down
upon the nun and calculating the probabilities of
the stream touching them. Though the whole of
this enormous bed was in movement, still, running
over it, or sometimes under it, were two channels
of liquid red-hot lava, which had never stopped
since they issued from their sources. The blackened
bed had become so by an interval of suspension,
and was mov, d on by the immense weight behind.
On looking up and around me my wonder was
whence could have come this enormous quantity of
matter. Could it speak what a history would it
tell—how it had been turning about to and fro
under the surface of the land for the last six months,
upheavieg and ruining great cities, destroying cul-
vated lands, and carrying death to many thou-
sands. The speculation was not an idle one, for
in less then an hour laser said Professor Palmieri
to me, "I think the periodof earthquakes has now
terminated for the present. I connect this erup-
tion with them." I passed through a number of
fine young vineyards, where the clustered fruits
held out. the promise of an abundant vintage. One
after another they were shrivelling up and flaming
like small torches, while the courtiry people we-e
saving what they could. I pass ou to the next
point of importance ; it is half- way up tho motto
taro. I wind and wind up, and make a series of
short cuts, steep enough to take all the breath out
of a man's body, and stand all at once on a crsg,
which commands a view of one of the most mag-
nificent spectacles I ever witnessed. The whole
stream is visible from the source to the piece which
I have just left ; it is coursing down, or rather
they are coursing down, for there is more than
one stream, as rapid as a cascade ; in fact, they
are cascades of as pure liquid fire as can be well
conceived ; sometimes they are hidden under the
blackened scoriae, and then they emerge again, and
run on as if impatient of destruction. It was one
of those spectacles so astounding to look upon,
that a man s2eks in some way to relieve his feel-
ings. He bursts if he is silent ; he must shout,
scream, anything to let off his pent-up excitement,
and I suppose that I did so myself. It is now
dusk ; the Italian night is descending rapidly upon
us, the sun has just gone down, and the stars are
out in a minute, and we have yet to climb to the
top; so ono pull mote. There is a lazy blasé
Frenchman, with his C'cst toujours le meats ;
"and why should we go further T'—but we pull
him along morally and physically, and at last ar-
rive at the Hermiragp. Behind it is another grand
spectacle, perhaps grander even than what we have
just described. There is less apparent activity,
but the gorge is wFder, and the slow but certain
manner in which the mass moves on gives US a
striking idea of power. It is 750 feet in width ;
to calculate its bulk by millions of tons would be
only trifling witlosa giant—We might better cal-
culate by the mg ion the enormous quantities
which arc issung every minute from the many
sources. In all there are seventeen and upwards,
says Professor Palmieri, and this feet censtitutes
one of the striking features of this eruption, as
does a'so the fact that they do not run in ono
line; but are opened in various parts. Another
new feature is the long-continued fluidity of the
lava, all showing the overgorged state of the moun-
tain and the immense power at work. It was the
opinion of the Professor, however, that the erup-
tion was on the decline, as no internal rumblings
were now heard. The lava ilea found its outlets,
and was now pouring down with the rapidity and
tranquillity of an unobstructed stream. There have
been eight earthquakes since .the eruption began,
hoed only perhaps ; and the last, as marked in the
seismograph of Palmieri, had taken place that
morning at half-past 7 o'clock. Nothing had been
removed from the Observatory, nor in fact was
there any immediate danger, es there was a vast
depth behind which was not filled up as yet. An
inconvenience might have arisen from an union of
the two streams, which ware flowing down, and
men were always out on the watch and to report.
OraEcendirlg we met thousands of people en route
from Naples. " The path for miles down was
marked by a line of torches ; the gorge down
which the lava was coursing looked from a dis-
tance like a vast crater, the walls of which were
irradiated by the fires below. The stream had ad-
vanced so rapidly as to cut off our road, so we were
Compelled to make a long detour. Arrived at the
lava bed we stopped to gaze on the scene of ruin
and of granieur, bought some coins imbedded in
lava, and falling into the descending line cf human
beings, soon found ourselves in B,esina. It is only
a short hour's drive to Naples, and grand was the
spectacle vhich the mountain presented from a dis-
tance ; up to the very streets the reflection of two
great streams fell across the sea.
On Sunday, at midday, the eruption seemed to
be on the decrease, and the spectacle seemed less
grand in the evening. Last evening, however,
there was much greater activity, and this morning
the iii Creased length of the line of smoke seems to
indicate much greater activity. No life has as yet
been lost • legs and arms have been broken, and a
whochild :iad fallen
liar t strolled
asleep,outa
to
ithe o Ottrajanountilie
tl stream
mof
tlio llva
was close up to it had some men perceived its
dangerous situation and rescued it at considerable
risk to themselves.—Times.

;LEVELS FDOM Lucnrow.—We learn that a laxly re-
siding at Clifton, the wife of a gallant major at present
servi Ig in India, bas received a letter from her husband,
whichgives a glowing account of tha treasure seized by
our troops at Lucknow. As an earnest of his own SD,I.
cess, he has sent her home a necklace of splendid pearls,
and ;or:De emeralds, one of which is believed to be of
great v.slue. The gems are in a comparatively rough
state Vac emeralds bavirg been ignorantly and, we had
almost said, mercilessly drilled through. The letter
of a corporal in the gallant officer's regiment
having got a bracelet which will probably be worth
from 100,0001. to 200,000/. Another letter, from a
yeanger officer, received at Clifton, states that the
writet. has got three superb embroidered shawls of rare
workmanship and great price.—Bristol Mercury,