The Sun.
London, England, 1867-01-07 00:00:00

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.

JDEFRIES and SONS'
NEW CITY SHOW 1100M,1. —The New Oval-shaped
ALEXANDRA DINNER SERVICE, from LI 18s. 6d.-
147, Houndsditch.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.

J
DEFRIES and SONS
• NEW CITY SHOW ROOMS.—BREAKPAST and
TEA SERVICES in great variety, from LI ls. upwards.-
117, Houndsditch.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.
JDEFRIES and • SON S'
T., • NEW CITY SHOW ROOMS contain a beautiful
assnrlment of DESSERT SERVICNS, from Ct Is. to 100
enineas. Crels and Monograms engraved on came.-147,
Floundsditch.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.
T DEFRIES and SONS'
ei• NEW CRY SIIO RCONIS.—CitYSTAL CHAN-
DELIERS, New Designs for the, Drawinfr,-room either for
Gas or Candle, and to suit all kinds of Decorations.-117,
Ho an dad Itch.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.
T DEFRIES and SONS'
MOLU CHANDELIERS in
PI • NEW CITY SHOW ROOMS.—BRONZE and OR-
great variety. New DesignB
for the Dining-room-147, Houndsditeh.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.
DEFRIES and SONS'
• NEW CITY SHOW ROOMS.—The ALEXANDRA
FLOWER VASE. This new and beautilul Vase can be
sem in great variety, from 33. to 30s. each.-117, Hounds-
ditch.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.
T DEFRIES and SONS'
tfi•NEw. CITY suovr ROWIS.—The NEW JET
DINING ROOM VASE. Registered designs, in great
vat lety.---H7, Eloundsditch.

NOTICE OP REMOVAL.
JDEFRIES and SNS'
• NEW CITY SHOW ROOMS. The NEWO PATENT
ASTRA LAMP, for Petroleum and Mineral Oils; also
ettYSTAL LA MPS and WALL LIGHTS (registered) for
,
INDIA. —147 Houndaditch.

NOTICE OF REMOVAL.
DEFRIES and SONS'
t-,• NEW CITY SHOW ROOMS. —TAVERN and
ROTEL GLASS of the newest pa'terns and correct mea-
sure.-147. Houndsditch

NOTICE OF REXIOVAL.
DEFRIES and SONS'
'T. NEW CITY snow ROOMS. ORNAMI.NTAL
CLOCKS for the DINING and DRAW—ING-R0031.-147,
Houndsditch.

NOTICE OF ItEMO VAL.
DEFRIES and SONS'
J NEW CITY SHOW ROOMS the Trade supplied with PATTERN BOOKS!FREE.-It7,
Heuudsditch.

Works—Loneon, Birmingham, and Paris.
Established 1803.

Just published, 2d; sent by the author for 3 stamps,
UGLINESS and BEAUTY ; being a Pamphlet
descriptive of articles and means used for improving
London'the aßy ALF.x, ROSS, 248, High llolborn,

k... 7 U FLY is the acting ingredient in
ALEX. ROS'B CA.NVEARIDES OIL. which speedily
sent b
produces whiskers and thickens hair, Es 6d, 5e 6d, and 10s 6d;
y post for 64, 84, and 144 stiamps.—ALEX. ROSS. 248,
nigh Holborn. London, and all Chemists.

wOINDn
onEeRZyUbLy Ti)S,
u CAOLE/cßlTiss'CsocrHnsmeourreod.
This prinv eparati
the on gradually dissolves the Corn in a few hours,
remov very root. Price 45 ; sent by post for 60 stamps.
—248, High Holborn, London, and all Chemists.

HAIR-CURLING FLUID, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALßX. ROSS'S CURLING FLUID curls
Ladies' or Gentlemen's hair immediately It is applied. Sold
ab as sd, 5s 6d. and 10s 6d ; sent free for 54, 84, and 144 stamps.
—Had of all Chemists.

CI_REY AATR.-248, High Holborn, London.—
ura
XJ4 ALES. ROSS'S HAIR DYE produces a perfect colour
Immediately it is used. It is permanent, and perfectly na-
t b), effe I. Price 3s 6d, Se 6d, and 10s 6d ; sent by post
for 54, 84, and 141 stamps ; and all Chemists.

HAIR DESTROYER.-248, High Holborn,
London.—AL EX. S'S DEPILATORY removes auPerfluous hair from the aces neck. and arms, without effect
to the skin, Price 3s 6d, 5s 6d, and 10s 6d ; sent for 54, 84,
and 144 stamps —Had of all Chemists.
........_

PIMPLE REMOVER.—AII diseases of the
skin are improved by one dose of ALEX. ROS‘4II3
VEGETABLE SINN PILLS. They remove redness, sal-
lowness, dm 25 Ad and 7s ed ; or pest for 40 and
WO stamps.
—AL
X. ROSS, 248, High Holborn, London, and all Che-
mists.

HAIR COLOUR WASII.—By washing the
head with this beautifully-perfumed Wash, in seven
or ten days the hair assumes its original colour, and remains
so by an occu3lonal using. 10s sd ; sent for stamps.—ALEX,
ROSS, 24A, High Holborn, London, and all Chemists.

THE RESCUE SOCIETY wishes to add another
Lome to the 12 now in operation. Last rejected ewer ban 455 poor, friendless, young females werefrom
want of FUNDS and room, making a total of 3,087, WhO have
been sent away in five years.
the new home the Committee wish to form would be for
young girls, almost children, from the age ofd to 15, who
have been led astray from the path of virtue.
Contributions will be received gratefully by the Secretary,
Bar
nr.
olaDan! el Cooper, ,z 5, Queen -strwt, Cheapside; or by Messrs
y and Co.. Lombard-street.

OYAL TIOSPITAL
G , Gra's-inn-rood R in the iaimedtate vicinity of the
Great Northern Itall-
,
Ira y Terminus, Bing's arose.
Patron—Tler Most Gracious Majesty the QUEEN.
Vice-Patron—llls Royal Highness the Prince of WALE 9, KG.
President—His Grace the Duke of BUCCLEUCH. K.G.
This Hospital, founded in the year 1828, the first to estau b
, i
firth the principle of free admission to the sick poor without delay and difficulty of Governors' orders. Is wholly de-
pendent for support on voluntary contributions and i-ga•ies
It affords relief to a large number of in-patients, in
addition to this, the average number of attendance of the
destitute nick has for a censiderable period averaged between
3,000 and 4,000 weekly.
The Committee ear catty solicit the ASSISTANCE of the
benevolent, as the pr ~mass of this Hospital are capable of
containing several ti. udred more beds had the Committee
the requisite funds to maintain them.
Contributions are received by their bankers, Messrs. Browe,
Janson, and Co., Abchurch -lane ; also by Messrs. Coutta and
Co.; Drummond and Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Berries and Co. ;
Ransom and Co.; Prelim% Grote, and Co.; Smith, Payne,
'
and Co. ; Barclay and Co. • Williams, Deacon, and Co.; Nisbet
and Co., Beruers-street :and at the He.apital. from 10 till is.
be
STANFORD_ Wage gety,

.eIOUNTI Y HOTELS, PUBLIC HOUSES,
and BUSINESSES.
FURNESS and KNEE'S List on application. .
Particulars for insertion received until the 27th of the
month at their
AUCTION AND HOTEL AGENCY OFFICES,
5, Agar-street, Strand, W.C., and nearly opposite the
Charing Cross Railway Station.

AIANSION-HOUSE FUND for the RELIEF
of the SUFFERERS by the recent COLLIERY
EXPLOSIONS.

COMMITTEE.
The Right Hon tho LORD MAYOR.
R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. I Mr. Alderman and Sheriff
Samuel Morley, Esq. Waterlow.
Geo. Moore, Esq. I Mr. Sheriff Lyeett.
Mr. Alderman Finnis. I Mr. Alderman Bosley.

J. P. Gassiot, Esq. Mr. Alderman Dakiii.
Christopher T. Gabriel, Esq. James Hill, Esq.
Frederick Thompson, Esq. R. N. Fowler, Esq.
R. A. Gray, Esq. W. J. Maxwell, Esq.
Colonel Stuart Wortley. Mr. Alderman Cotton.
Tho attention of the public is earnestly drawn to the
suffering consequent on the terrible calamity produced by
the recent colliery explosions.
SUBSCRIPTIONS aro greatly needed to relieve the
numerous families made destitute thereby.
The amount required to meet the memorable Hartley
Colliery Accident in 1862 was £50,000 ; in that case 204
men and boys lost their lives ; in the present instance
double that number are known to have perished, there-
fore w make a suitable provision for the families depen-
dent upon them about £lOO,OOO will be needed. At the
final distribution of the surplus of the Hartley Fund,
£3,140 was allotted to the districts in which the present
accidents occurred, and this sum is now available towards
the fund now being raised.

H.R.H. the Prince of Wales
H.R.H. the Princess of Wales
The Corporation of London

Amount already advertised £14,554 1 10

Subscriptions will be received by the Right Hon. the
Lord Mayor, at the Mansion-house ; Messrs. Barclay,
Bevan, and Co., 54, Lombard-street ; Messrs. Coutts and
Co., Strand; Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-
street ; Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Co., 1, Lombard-street ;
Messrs. Robarts, Lubbock, and Co., Lombard-street ;
Messrs. Dimsdale, Fowler, and Co., 50, Cornhill ; the Lon-
don and Westminster Bank, Lothbury ; the London Joint-
Stock Bank, 5, Princes-street ; the Union Bank of London ;
London and County Bank ; the National Provincial Bank
of England and all their branches; Messrs. Willis, Percival,
and Co., Lombard-street; and by the several members of
the Committee.

J OSEPH GIBBS, Secretary.
Mansion House, Jan. 4, 1867.

DUNVILLE'S V.R. OLD IRISH WHISKY,
BELFAST,

Is regularly supplied to the louse of Lords.

"V.R." IRISH WHISKY.

T\UNVILLE and CO.'S " V.R." OLD IRISH
WHISKY, BELFAST.

London Offices and Stores,
4, BEAUFORT-BUILDINGS, STRAND, W.C.
Established 1808. Quotations on application.

JAMES DALY and CO., Distillers, John-street,
Cork.—" The purest spirit and safest drink In the
world."—London Offices, 7, Printing-house-square, E.C.,
next the "Times."

TAMES DALY and CO., Distillers, John-street,
G Cork, beg to announce that they are able to supply the
trade with their celebrated Whiskies, in casks or cases, and
to take orders in bond and for exportation, at their offices, 7,
Printing-house-square, London, E C., the only house in the
square not occupied by the "Times." J. D. and Co.'s whiskies
brin7x the highest prices in the Australian and other Colonial
markets, as may ba observed by reference to the "Journal of
Commerce of Victoria," by which it will be scan that their
whiskies fetch 6d. per gallon and is. per case over the next
bee, and Is. Gd per gallon and ss. Gd. a case over the lowest
quotation. Always ou hand a large supply of ve y old
mellow whisky in the finest condition, matured in sherry
casks, unsurpassable in quality and flavour, supplied on the
most reasonable terms.

MANFIELD'S PATENT PICKLES are per-
feetly pure and nnc.loured. To be had.of all dealers
and wholesale of JOHN BURGESS and SON, 107, Strand
(corner of Savoy-steps). London.

pATENT VENTILATING CHIMNEY
TOP.—Messrs. MYERS' and '''CODA.RT with confl-
&nee recommend their CHIMNEY TOP as an effectual
CURE of SMOKE. It has an advantage over all others, as
it can be sweeped. It is alike useful and ornamental.
Prices for foreign and home orders on application at IV,
Strand, W.C., where testimonials can be seen.

1F DAU-DE-VlE.—This Pure PALE BRANDY
s
18s. per gallon, is N 4 ry superior to recent importation
of Cognac, recommended by the medical profession, and a
case 395., railway carriage
ex-
tensively used in hospitals. In bottles, 335. per dozen. or in
CO., Old Furnival's Distillery, Holborn, E.O ,and 30, Regent-
street, S.W. Established 1829.pa14.—HEN ity BRETT and

THE OCEAN ST. LEGER of 1866.—What
Lord Lyon was to his owner was the Taeping to her
Ca otain, viz.. winner of the race havincr distanced all com-
petitors, as the EAST INDIA. TEA. eOMPANY have in-
V triab'y done fa their choi e and sale of tine new season's
tes
now selling at importer's prices. Warehouses-9. Great
stau,elen's-churchyard.

AVALUABLE NEW-YEAR'S GIFT.-
A CHINESE CADDY, containing Nibs. of really
good Black Tea, sent carriage free to any railway station or
market town in En-fland, Ireland, Scotland, or ales, on re-
ceipt of 405., bf PHILLIPS and CO•, Tea Merchants, 8,
King William-street, City, E.C.

TEA Is CHEAPER THAN EVER.-Is. 6d,
25.. 2s 61. per Th. are the prices at which PHILLIPS
and CO Tea iterchanls. S. Kin William-street, City, Lon-
don. E.C.. are Zoni rnd fine BLACK TEA. & price
current post free. 40s worth carriage free to any railway
tition or market town is the United Kingdom.—Observ—
Pnii.r.ips and Co. have no Agents or any connexion with
any house in. Worcester or Swansea. Sugars are supplied at
market pr;cca.

GEOLOG Y.—ELEMENTARY COLLEC-
TIONS, to illustrate the New Edition of "14011's
Elements of Geology" and facilitate the important study of
Mineralogy and Geology, can be had at 2,5, 10,20, 50 to 509
guineas; also single Specimens of Minerals, Rost ec Fossils,
and Recent Shells, Geological Maps. Hammers, alt the receat
Pub'iostions, &c., of J. TENNANT, Mineralogist to Iler
MO sty, 149, Strand, London.
PrivateTEN NANrF.G.s
Instruction
Strand,fnY.C.
Mineralogy
Mr.

WIIAT IS YOUR CREST AND WHAT IS
YOUR MOTTO?
Send Be. 6d. to CULLETON'S Heraldic Office for a
Plain Sketch, or Cs. for a Coloured one. The Arms of
man and wife blended together in proper heraldic form.
The proper heraldic Colours for servants' liveries, what
buttons to be used, and how the carriage should be painted,
fee 10s. Just complete, a very valuable book, with 3,500
Engravings, arms, crests, and mottoes of nearly every
family in the kingdom, the result of thirty years' labour,
price £lO 10s., printed in several colours. Family Pedi-
grees traced from authentic records, information as to the
obtaining of a new grant of arms, how too change one's
name, by T. Culleton, Engraver to her Majesty and Royal
family ; also Diesinker to the Board of Trade, 25, Cran-
bourn-street (corner of St. Martin's-lane), W.C.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.-FUNDS
are earnestly solicited for fitting up the TRAINING
SHIP. £2.n00 required.
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Boys' Ref age, 8, Great Queen-street, W.C.

OMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.-CON-
ik-s- TM BUTTONS are earnestly solicited for establishing
the COUNTRY ROME. £l,OOO required.
WM. WILLUNS, Secretary.
Boys' Refuge, 8, Great Queen-street. W.C.

HOMELESS BOYS OF LONDON.—The
Committee are most anxious to provide for 400 boys.
One hundred and fifty are now. In the Refuge. The annual
expenditure for supporting the 400 boys is estimated at
£s,ooo, being £l5 a year for each boy. Several kind friends
have proaliscd to ray for one bly each year.
Subscriptions thankfully received by the London and West-
minster Bank, 41, Lothbury, and 214, High Holborn; Messrs.
Ransom and Co., 1, Pall-Mall East; and by
WM. WILLIAMS, Secretary.
Refuge, S. Great Queen-street, W.C.

PROVIDENCE ROW NIGHT REFUGE,
FOR
• HOMELESS WOMEN AND CHILDREN,
14A, Providence-row, Finsbury, E.C.
Sixty Thousand Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, have been given in this Institution to the
destitute, who otherwise would have had to pass the
nights in the bleak streets or under railway arches.
At present nearly 500 Nights' Lodgings, with Suppers and
Breakfasts, are given gratuitously every week. The poor
from all parts are admitted, the only condition being that
they aro homeless and starving. The Manager Ac.,
receives no remuneration whatever. Notwithstand-
ing the provision made by the Poor Houses, each
night numbers of young women, children, and orphans
are, for want accommodation, refusedadmittanco, andhave
to spend night after night in the cold, wet, and sleet. To
moot this evil, and to provide more ample accommoda-
tion, £2,000 has been raised, but to accomplish the
work a sum of at least £l,OOO more will be required.
Besides providing shelter for the homeless, this year it
is proposed, as far as the &mations obtained for the pur-
pose will allow, to give bread and coals to poor tamilies
in want. Will you, in your charity, help to carry on and
accomplish what has been begun ? Will yon help to give
shelter to the really homeless, and food to the really
starving ? The smallest donation will be most welcome,
and, night and morning, the prayers of the destitute will
be offered in your behalf.
SUBSCRIPTIONS are earnestly requested, and will be
gratefully received by:the;lloV D. GILBERT, D.D,, No 22,
Einaury-cizow,.roo,

WESTON'S GRAND MUSIC HALL,
HOLBORN.

Sole Proprietors, SWEASEY and HOLLAND.
Grand Selection from Auber's Opera of " MASA-
NIELLO," by 40 vocalists dressed in costume as at the
opera. Terrific ovation of the Irish Minstrels, with songs,
dances, and Irish anecdotes, under the direction of Pat
Corri. A new and original overture composed and ar-
ranged expressly for the above minstrels by Mr. IL Baker.
Comic—Arthur Lloyd's new song "Borachio, Pestachio,
Lablachio, Moustachio, and the Holy Poly Eye,"—Jolly
Nash, Georgina Smithson, Paddy Fannin, Patrick Sellers,
and Harry and Kattie Xing ; and Pio Watkini, the
Japanaza Juggler. Band of 30 first-class performers, and
largo Chorus chosen from her Majesty's and Covent Garden
Opera Houses. Musical Director, Mr. P. QORRI.
Prices of admission—Stalls and Balcony, Is. ' • Area, 6d.;
Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. Can be secured at the Box Office,
between the hours of 10 and 5 o'clock. Hall opon every
Evening at 7 o'clock.

EST AND WEST INDIA DOCK
COM ['ANY.

The Court of Directors of the East and West India Dock
Company HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, that a HALF-
YEARLY COUR or GENERAL MEETING of the said
Company will be held, pursuant to the directions of the Act
1 and 2 William IV., cap. 52, at the Dock-house, No. 8,
Billiter-square, on FRIDAY, the 18th day of January, 1867,
at which meeting a Dividend will be declired on the capital
stock of the Company for the halt year ending the 31st day of
December, 1866.
The business of the Company to be submitted to the Court
or General Meeting will also include the augmenting the
present capital stock of the East and West India Dock Com-
pany by a further sum of £i20,000, such sum to be raised in
accordance with the provisions of the East and West India
Dock Company's Acts 1 and 2 William IV., cap. 52, and 28
Viet., cap. 30, and other the Company's Acts, and for deciding
the terms upon which such further sum of capital stock shall
be is,ued, and the passing the resolutions, and the taking of
all other steps necessary to effect all or any of the above
purposes.
By order of the Court,
GEORGE COLLIN, Secretary.
East and West India Dock-house, 8, Minter-
square, Jan. 4, 1867.
N.B.—The chair will be taken at Two o'clock precisely.
HYAM & Co.'s ATTIRE.

HYAM & Co., 66 and 67, OXFORD-ST.

HYAM & Co.'s WINTER OVERCOATS..

HYAM & Co.'s SILK-FACED OVERCOATS.

IJYAM & Co.'s REEFERS.

HYAM & Co.'s SUITS.

HYAM & Co.'s MORNING COATS.

11YAM & Co.'s PROFESSIONAL ATTIRE.

11YAM & Co.'s VESTS and TROUSERS.

HYAM & Co.'s LADIES' HABITS.

HYAM & Co.'s LIVERIES.

HYAM & Co.'s HATS and HOSIERY.

lIYAM and Co.'s ATTIRE for GENTLEMEN,
66 and 67, Oxford-street, London.
Hyam & Co.'s Winter Tweed Overcoats 21s. to 30s.
Hyam & Co.'s Winter Overcoats ......... 30s. to 84s.
Hyam & Co.'s Winter Reefer ............ 255. to 555.
Hyam& Co.'s Winter Suits ............... 425. to 70s.
IlYarrt & Co.'s Winter Jacket; .............. 21s. to 425.
Hyam & Co.'s Winter Frock Coats. 3os. to 70s.
Hyam & Co.'s Winter Vests ............ 6s. to 14s.
Hyam & Co.'s Winter Trousers .......... 14s. to 255.

HYAM & Co.'s BOYS' WINTER CLOTHING,
66 and 67, Oxford-street, London.
The first establishment in the kingdom for Juvenile
Clothing.
:Boys' Sandringham Overcoats
15s. to 355.
Boys' Prince Alfred Reefer ....
Boys' Overcoats for Little Boys
Boys' Knickerbocker Suits 0 lss. to 355.
Boys' Westminster and Osborne Suits los. to 355.
Boys' Eaton, Harrow, and Rugby Suits 255. to 425.
Boys' Jackets for School and Rome 9s. to 21s.

HYAM and Co's ONLY ESTABLISHMENTS
LONDON-66 and 67, OXFORD-STREET.
BIRMINGHAM-21, 22 and 23, NEW-STREET.
LEEDS-42, BRIGGATA and
DEWSBURY—WESTGATE.

EXHIBITORS at the PARIS EXHIBITION,
who ADVERTISE in "THE SUN," can have the
SERVICES of A SPECIAL AGENT in PARIS, whose
address can be obtained at " The Sun" Office. He has a
perfect knowledge of French, is also acquainted with busi-
ness, and has good connections. On application to " The
Sun" Agent in Paris, either personally or by letter, he will
obtain every possible facility for Exhibitors, or persons
who may have other business in Paris, or who may go
there for pleasure only.

PR INTIN G. —TO PROPRIETORS OF
NEWSPAPERS, PERIODICALS, &o.—The Print-
ing and Machining of Newspapers, &c., done ou exceed-
ingly favourable terms. Use of Editorial and Publishing
Offices, if required. Estimates forwarded on receipt of
particulars, with stamped directed envelope for reply.
Address—The 31anao "Sun' Printing Offices, 3, Church-
row, Savoy, Strand, W•o*

Advices from Miramar announce that the Em-
press Charlotte received direct from her husband a
telegram, dated Orizaba, December the 13th. The
Emperor Maximilian excuses himself for not hav-
ing sent any news of himself by the last two mails,
as he had been suffering front intermittent fever,
from which he has only just recovered ; he adds that
he had written a long letter by the last English
steamer, and which should reach Miramar about the
30th of December.
The representation of Racing Plate, Testimo-
nials, &c., promises to be very complete at the
Paris Exhibition. The following noblemen and
gentlemen have already signified their intention of
scioonn :—Thetrbtit
contributing
piecesuk
the Earl of Annesley, the -Comte de Lagrange,
Colonel C. 11. Lindsay, Colonel Townley, Mr.
Puke of
Newcastle, o f at e
the Earl of Zetland,
, &c., in their posses-
George Angell, Mr. W. Blenkiron, Mr. E. Brayley,
Mr. Henry Chaplin, Mr. W. S. Cartright, Mr. J.
H. Douglas, Mr. F. Fisher, Mr. I'Anson, Mr. J.
Jackion, Mr. Lafitte, Mr. A. Lupin, Mr. A. de
Montgomery, Mr. T. Masterman, Mr. Parr, Mr.
Newry Padwick, and Mr. R. Sutton.
[ ADVERTISEMENT.] —llollowars Ointment and Pills.—
There is no question whatever that rheumatism,neuralgia,
and such like painful maladies are more rife this season
than for some years past. The number of testimonials of
cures effected by Holloway's remedies is unprecedented
and should be enforced on the attention of all sufferers
from these complaints. The parts in pain should be
fomented for some minutes with warm wine, dried, and
immediately well rubbed with the Ointment. It will pass
into the pores of the skin and give the greatest relief.
Many valuable lives are annually lost which might be
saved, if early recourse in illness were made to these re-
markable remedies which must necessarily prove beneficial
and cannot do harm.

Elaborate experiments and careful observations
have developed many interesting and important
facts with regard to the variations of density, &c.,
which different metals undergo in different degrees
in the operations of heating, drawing, rolling,
hammering, and annealing.
At a temperature rather above a cherry-red, iron
will remain three months, surrounded with charcoal,
without cementation taking place, while a white
heat will in five minutes render brittle a square bar
of malleable iron, eight-tenths of an inch iu diameter.
Wires of copper, and of alloys of copper and zinc,
are increased in diameter, and diminished in
density, by annealing. The operation of rolling
conduces metals more than that of wire drawing.
The density of iron and copper will be greater if
the metals are heated before being passed through
the rollers. The reverse is the case with alloys
of copper and zinc. The density of metals is
greatest when drawn into very fine wires. Hence
two small wires are stronger than one large one
of the same transverse area with the united areas
of the small ones. This result grows out of the
fact that the particles of the smaller wires are com-
pacted throughout their entire cross section, while
those of the latter are thus compacted for a certain
depth only.
Wirer may be increased in length in two ways
—first, by diminution in the case of its cross sec-
tion ; and, second, but only in a slight degree, by
increasing the distance between the component
particles. When wire is lengthened by the latter
process, it returns to its former length by anneal-
ing.
Again, wires of certain different metals, after
passing though the same hole in the wire-draw-
ing plate, have different diameters, but all such
subsequently acquire equal diameters during the
process of annealing. The diameter of a wire is
said to increase very slowly by time after passing
through a wire-drawn plate. Wires which have
been bent, and subsequently straightened, have a
tendency to re-acquire the same curvature by time.
\\Tires exposed to a high heat lose part of their
tenacity. They require to be annealed in wire
drawing, not to render them more tenacious, but
to allow the particles to resume the positions from
which they may again be displaced.
Hydrogen has an action on copper and silver, at
high temperatures, which permanently separates
their particles. On alloys of copper and zinc, and
even silver and copper, it has no such action.—lron
Age.