The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER L 3, 1860.1

----------
" the man who ploughs the field, and who digs the
hedge, is a worker, but there are other workers in
other stations of life as well. For myself I can
say that I have been a worker- ever since I have
been a boy"--the learned ex-Judge still apparently
claiming to be regarded as a boy, "an old boy,"
of course, and still seemingly occupying
his time with self-ir►posed exertions, though now
seventy ! Entering a little into his own personal
history, Sir JOHN PATTESON adds—" When I ac-
cepted the office of judge, I had a salary of a thou-
sand pounds a year below what I was earning by
my own exertions at the bsr. True it is that I had
a pension when I retired from the bench, which a
judge is entitled to receive after he has served 15
years, but I had served 22 years. Recollect,
I might have continued at the bar and have
made a larger income and saved more money
even than I have got by the pension.
The office of judge is by no means a sinecure, for
a judge works as hard as any man in the country.
He has to work at very difficult questions of law
whisli are brought before him continually, giving
him great anxiety, and sometimes the lives of his
fellow-creatures are placed in his hands, and are
dependent very much upon the manner in which he
places the facts before the jury. That is a matter
of no little anxiety, I can assure you. Let any man
think as he will, there is no man who has been
through the ordeal for the length of time that I
have, but must feel conscious of the importance
And gravity of the duty which is cast upon a
Judge." These remarks, or rather reminders, are
in no way exaggerated. We accept them as
literally accurate, and so accepting- them we all of
us exult sympathetically in the thought of men
like Sir JOHN FATTESON and Sir JOHN COLERIDGE
enjoying the otium cum dignitate, which they have
so laboriously earned the right to at the close of
their honourable careers in their high and respon-
sible professions.

AMERICA.

LONDONDERRY, OCT. 23.

The Montreal Ocean Company's steamer North
American, Capt. Aiton, which left Quebec on the
13th inst., has arrived and landed all mails.
.... left on the 12th
The Etna, from Liverpool, had arrived out
..
inst,H iTg The
Highness
eGr s
soßvtoehsrteno
Pon r,r-ieGunce
ren
oeour
of
,el
Wilesof for England. CaneyHis Royal
reached New York
cr. the lith inst. nis reception was most enthu-
! elastic.

The ball on the night of the 12th inst. went off
with great eclat.
Advices from Mexico state that the British Go-
vernment contemplated withdrawing diplomatic
relations. Miramon had announced that the Libe-
rals had rejected another proposal of the British
Government for the restoration of peace.

Three hundred dollars had been subscribed at
Boston for the ,sufferers by the loss of the Con-
naught. The passengers had held a meeting,
and passed resolutions complimentary to Cap Lair
Leech Wilson, the officers, and crew of the vessel,
for their noble conduct,

NEW YORK, Oct 12.

Money and Exchange unaltered. Stocks mo-
derately active and higher. Flour sales 9,000 bar-
rels. State and Western descriptions little firmer.
Canadian quiet. Wheat a shade better, and in fair
demand for export. Corn better and in fair ,3,e_
mand. Sales 20,000 bushels. Oats steady, Beef
unaltered, but steady. Lard dull.
MONTREAL, OCT. 13.
Flour is very active and large sales have taken
place. Wheat has changed hands at 1 dol. 20c.
for No. 1 Chicago spring. Peas unchanged. Ashes
in moderate demand.
[LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT.]
NEW YORK, OCT. 13.
The steamer Africa, from Liverpool, has arrived
here. The Arago and Glasgow have sailed for
Europe with a trifling amount of specie. Stocks
are steady. New York Central, 8317 Erie, 39.1. ;
Illinois Central, 83:. The cotton market is firm,
but prices are unchanged. The sales in three
days reach 10,000 bales. The markets for bre ad-
stuffs are unsettled and excited, and prices have an
upward tendency. Flour is quoted 10c. to 15c.
higher. Wheat has risen 3c. to 15c. Provisions
steady. It is reported that there was a frost at
New Orleans last night.
NEW ORLEANS, OCT. 12.

The cotton market is unaltered. Middling is
quoted 101 c. 101 c. The sales of the week amount
to 34,000 bales; receipts during the same period,
32,000 bales.; receipts below last year, 55,000
bales.

The Pope spoke of his solemn ?duties as a Christian
priest. The Emperor fell b'Ack on his necessities as
a French Sovereign. The 'proposed coronation ended
head of the
in smoke ; the head of the, French State and the
RoP--
sion with.,ish Chi:rch came out of the discus-
all a mortal gradge against each other ; and
this because a designing and unscrupulous in-
triguer was drifeated in his project of infusing
Loyolaism into every French prefet and mare,
and imbuing with its spirit the despatches of each
French diplomatist.
From that day to this the breach has been gra-
dually widening. At present certainly there is no
love lost on either side. But the relative position
of the Imperial and Papal parties is only exactly
understood when we bear in mind that it has beim
from the very first a false one, and that this oriFo;
inal
falsehood has to the present day been ecor''
receiving fresh additions.—.3forninq y

THE IVA7IUNAL P 4.7?,.TY IN ITALY.

(BY MAJOR-GXNERAL PERRONET THOMPON.)
So much of public interest is concentrateL on te
subject named., 'that anybody
who writer, at all h
is
expected t.O write upon it.
What has been done is 1-,nown to all men, and is
wonderful in our eyes What is yet to be depends
upon the way it gone ab
out ; and it is no bad
'contribution from any man to invite attention to the
argument:
s from experience and history, even
thor,gh there should be reason to hope their use
may be"anticipated before from circumstances they
can here appear.
The conjuncture has extraordinary resemblances
to that of the English Revolution of 1688. Times
of struggle and. bloodshed had preceded, which the
enemies of legal government were tempted to believe
had ended in their firm establishment. Great
martyrs had fallen in unsuccessful efforts. The
three grand channels in which human interests col-
lect and run, had not yet come to any happy agree-
ment; and one and another by turns overwhelmed
the rest, to the great distress of all. Aristocracy,
strong in the command of physical force, had with
the help of the democracy been curbed by monarchy ;
and both monarchy and aristocracy afterwards put
down by democracy. And this in its turn had
fallen before the reviving forces of the other two ,•
and when the thing had grown too bad a sort of
royal Garibaldi presented himself with trumpets
sounding through the Straits of Dover, and with
less of fight than his successor, took possession of
an abandoned throne. In all the world's history,
the most successful move; the happiest, the most
extensive in its consequences, as is admitted by
friends and grieving foes.
What is the world but experience ? Why do men
eat the wheat and decline the straw, but because
they or somebody has observed that one is better ?
Not that it is to be too absolutely concluded that
because a thing succeeded one time it must another.
But there are limits to this sort of uncertainty; it
will not apply, for instance, to the question of the
wheat and straw. No man will be blamed for trust-
ing too implicitly to that venerable observation. It
is true a man may eat wheat and be choked ; but
while it is still an open question, at all events let
him try.
The great merit of the principle of 1688, and the
visible cause of its success, was that it combined, if
not fully and entirely, 'et to an effective and over-
powering extent, thri interests of monarchy and
aristocracy which otherwise would have been to
fight. It was the democracy and the halves of the
other two against the remaining halves, instead of
having the wholes against one.
Just so it is now. There is a constitutional mon-
archy in the fight, and. so far as appears, the portion
of aristocratic strength thereto adherent. No man
supposes there is any desire to see a King Garibaldi.
The capacity of the human vessel is limited ; he has
had enough, it would " be o'er mickle to give him
more." Any man, with military power enough,
may make himself a king and all that kind of thing.
Bit can a man establish a United Italy and keep
it there ?
The chances are very good, if men will stick to the
constitutional king, which is their main chance.
It is very true that praise attends on successful
courage. But the meaning of courage is to take
that course while the event is uncertain, which is
most likely to lead to the event desired. Likelihood
is all that is given to man. The sources of danger
may be considered two : the internal and the ex-
ternal. The internal consists in division amongst
themselves ; like dogs in couples, who do not know
whether they will jump the ditch or not, On this
point the best rule that can be offered is, that
minorities should give way. No minority ought to
balk a leap. A republic might do well enough if
there was nobody else. But it happens there is.
The English republicans set some notable examples.
Doubtless there were many steeped to the heart in
love for republican forms ; but they were never
heard of, except in line against the enemy.
Of the external dangers, the old despotic powers
appear to be in a nonplus. They are too conscious
of the perils which beset themselves to think of be-
ing vigorous. The new despotic power is, perhaps,
equally haunted with anxieties and fears. He
might have set up a King of Italy of his own if he
had taken the time of tide. He cannot do it now ;
and it is much to be doubted whether, if the worst
comes to the worst, he dares oppose the other.
Dare is a strong word; but let it only be under-
stood to mean that the fermentation in France,
which would be the consequence of taking such a
course, is what he will probably avoid.
Great fears are expressed from the opposition of
what are called the republican party. They are at
the bottom of all good; but they will have more
sense than to oppose a reasonable settlement. Re-
publican principles in Italy mean, as they do here,
the principles of wise and good men, driven into
action in spite of mixture with other forms. But
a republican form of government has not the same
meaning throughout the world. The example of
America has discredited the term. It is proved
that good men of British origin, carrying with
them the principles and habits of their ancestors,
can live under it in comfort. But it is not proved
that bad men can be kept in order. The republi-
can form in America is not sufficient to prevent the
ranting, roaring repudiation of everything that
Europe accounts honourable and right, and reigns
of terror such as European eye has not seen nor ear
heard tell of. Republicanism in America is not
competent to put down a house of ill-fame by the
action of law ; it is practically the repudiation of
law. It is a retrogression towards the barbaric
state. Torture is applied to create evidence, There
is more of personal liberty in Turkey. The Cadi
is a better judge than Judge Lynch. Instead of a
" perfect glory under heaven," it is a caricature of
hell broke loose. It would be a volunteer false-
hood to admit that life or liberty are safe under it,
when there is anybody on the other side. Fancy
anything like it established for a fortnight in
Naples. The Cossacks would be sent for by gene-
ral consent.
Nobody knows whether our own Government
will have the courage to Teak up for " Victor Em-
manuel ae•A;not 6116 field' Elizabeth would have
(tone it, and so would Cromwell. But it is easier,
or at least thought so, to turn us into bandits and
pirates, than to take a decision that might be credit-
able to free and honest men.