The Sun.
London, England, 1858-11-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 1, 1858.

PUBLICATIONS.

MISS KAVANAGH'S NEW WORK.
Now ready, in 2 vols., with Illustrations, 215.,
A SUMMER AND WINTER IN • .
THE TWO SICILIES.
By JULIA KAVANAGH,
Author of " Nathalie," " Adele," &e.
Hurst and l3lackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF "MARGARET,
OR PREJUDICE AT MOME."
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
FELLOW _TRAVELLERS.
•. By, the Author or • • -•
" MARGARET ;OR PREJUDICE AT HOME," lice. •
Hurst and Brackett, 13, Great 3larlborough-street.

NEW STORY BY SHIRLEY BROOKS.
This Day, Price One Shilling, No. IX. (to be completed In
TwelVe Monthly Numbers) of

T " GORDIAN KNOT.
By SHIRLEY BROOKS, Author of "Aspen Court.
With Illustrations by TENNIEL.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

VEIST'S RACING !RECORD for 1858.
Part IN., price 3d., will be published on the- Ist of
November. The Record, containing a complete calendar of
Sport in England, Ireland, and Scotland, in 1857, and nomi-
nations for 1858, may be had, price two shillingi.
• W. Wright, Fulwood's Rents, Holborn •

JONDON CRYSTAL PAL A CE.-
Regent-circus, Oxford-street, and Great Pordand-
street.—This magnificent building will be opened to the
Public on WEDNESDAY, December Ist, 1858, for th,e.estWar,
all kinds of -useful and fancy Articles. .1s will contain Owl
largest number of first-class Exhibitors of any Building in
Europe. The Photographic Establishment is the finest in
London. The Aviary, Conservatory, General Refreshment
Room, and Ladies' Private Refreshment Room, w:th Retiring
Room attached, will be replete in their several departments.
Applications for the remaining space are requested to be
made forthwith.

ANK OF DEPOSIT,
Established A.D. 1844.
3, PALL MALL EAST, LONDON.
Parties desirous of Investing Money are requested to exa-
mine the Plan of The Bank of Deposit, by which a high rate
of interest may be obtained with ample security.
Deposits made -by Special Agreement may be withdrawn
without notice
The Interest is payable in January and July.
PETER MORRISON, Mana,g.ng Director.
' Forms for Opening Accounts sent free on application.

THE SCOTTISH AUSTRALIAN MININ-C-4
COMPANY (LIMITED).
Capital, £BO,OOO, in 80,000 Shares of £1 Sterling each.
(With power to increase). .
Deposit, Ten Shillings per Share on Allotment.
[To be Incorporated and Registered under the "Joint-Stock
Companies Acts," 1856 and 1857, and Liability Limited to
Amount of Subscription.]
DIRECTORS. •
William Henry Dickson, Esq., Tunbridze-wells, Chairman.
James Denis de Vitre, Esq., Oriental Club, Hanover-square,
London.
Alexander Lang Eldei, Esq., 2, Fenchurch-buildings, Fen-
church-street, London.
Robert How, Esq., 8, Cannon-street, LondOn.
Charles Holland Kendall, Esq., Twickenham, Middlesex.
Sir Edwin Pearson, F.R.S., 26, Westbourne-terrace, Hyde-
park, London.

,RT:rolosI
tTNf Ir
iAnO OF
Medicaln
Envelope,oUT YOUTH
fANDor
Treatise 3
JustET IpEpu SECRET
ts hEeds, price
ki on the 'Functions and Disorders of the Generative System,
and on the cure of Nervous and Physical Debility resulting
ums
Manhood,hara rbiia tgs
Marriage
ciiqtnhu iiresd social,d ti
practicalring
ointbhsoeerrcavnl critical passage
sppohn;:ssitt.ac
age: frompr helrela-
tions.
which are added remarks o
vicious coToi of
fromyst
iloooun.
n the wonders of the
Microscope in revealing the hidden my steries "of Life within
Life," and its advantages in detecting', by urinary examina-
tion, the cause and effect of every variety of these lai t
riItIcNevFiMA:ATURITY.
comp ns,
with numerous engravings and cases.
BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
37, BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Hono-
rary Member 'of the London Hospital Medical Society, Li-
centiate of Apothecaries Hall, London, &c.,
The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fear-
ful consequences resulting from certain habits, irregularities,
and excesses, which have produced more misery in Youth,
degradation in Manhood, and premature decay at all stages
of life, than, perhaps, any other class of disease known to
modern pathologists. Its perusal is particularly recommended
to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condi-
tion, and who are conscious of having hazarded the health,
happiness, and privileges to which every human being is en-
titled.
It is absolutely necessary that all men should know that
there are principles of personal management which cannot be
violated without Incurring grievous penalties, and when
wisdom and regret succeed the heyday of inconsiderate self-
indulgence, how those penalties may be mitigated, how the
sting of their bitterness may be removed, and how the evil
and its consequences may be avoided, and, above all, that
there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmityor functional
derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply
a cure.
Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick-lane, Paternoster-row,
and may be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Horne, 19, Leicester-
square ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; or from the Author,
who may be consulted daily, from 11 till 2, and from 6 till 8,
at his residence, 37, Bedford-square, London.
The work may be had in India, of Mr. Von Litzky, Loll
Bazaar; Calcutta--Messrs. C. andJ.Hormusjee,Apollo-street ;
Bombay—Circulator Office ; Madras—Mofussillte Office, Agra ;
Dodsworth, Colombo, Ceylon ; and of all Booksellers through-
out the Colonies,

REDES CONE TELEGRAPH,

An ingenious system of Telegraphy, invented by
Mr. Redl, has been F.dolited by the Admiralty, and
has been ordered to be used on board her Majesty's
ships. Like all other really useful inventions it is
remarkable for its simplicity. It is cheap, easy of
application, readily worked, and its principles are
quickly acquired. Any man of ordinary capacity
may master the whole of its symbols by a few hours
of study, and two or three days of practice will
render him competent to compete in speed of com-
munication with every other known means of tele-
graphy, excepting the electric. Messages, as most of
our readers are aware, are conveyed from one ship of.
war to another by means of signals. At present
these signals are made by flags of various shapes
and colours displayed from different parts of the
ship's rigging. The navy have code of signals
arranged, we believe, by Captain Marriott. The
most usual orders, questions, and answers, likely to
be required by the exigencies of the service, are
arranged in sentences •under the heads of different
chapters. To each sentence in a particular chapter
a number is appended. Any number contained in
the code can be represented by some particular coin-
_ bination of flags. These combinations must be
mastered by the signal officers of each ship. Sup-
pose two ships have to communicate; a preparatory
signal is made, then a particular pendant followed
by the flags indicating a certain number marks the
chapter of the *ode of signals to which the follow-
ing numbers are to refer. I a message is to be sent
`Which is not contained in the code, the number fol-
lowing the pendant refers to the alphabetical chap-
ter, and the numbers indicated by the signals spell
the words of the order.

With the whole of this code, or book of signals, so
far as the numbers and the sentences which they
indicate are concerned, Mr. Redl's system does not
interfere in the slightest degree. For the numerous
flags disposed in different-parts of the ship he sub-
stitutes four black cones, placed directly in a line
under each other in some particular part of the
ship. These cones are arranged in two pairs, the
bottoms of both pairs being united, so as to make
each, when fully displayed, a double cone. These
cones are hollow, and made of canvas or some such
material; they are so constructed that, when once
they are hoisted into their proper position, each,
from being like a mere hoop, with its edge pre-
sented to the eye of a distant observer, by the simple
tug of a rope can be expanded into the form of a
cone. This form, the cone, if visible at all, from
whatever point of view it is seen, appears like a
triangle. The surface of the cones is black ; if,
therefore, all four are expanded, they appear like
four equal triangles, arranged in pairs, the bases of
each pair coinciding. The cones are generally made
elastic, so that the rope being loosened by which
they were expanded, they collapse ; or if they are
not elastic they are made to collapse by another
series of ropes. When a particular cone is col-
lapsed it is not seen at all at a distance. If the
cones are elastic, by a short pull of one or more of
four directing ropes, we can expand one or more of
the cones at pleasure. This simple apparatus is all
that Mr. Redl requires for indicating any signal in
the naval code, or for spelling any message what-
ever. In simplicity it far exceeds the flag system,
and possesses in adition several other advantages.
In the first place, a flag cannot be seen at all unless
it floats with the breeze : even then it cannot be
made out if the observer be in the line of view in
which the flag is flying, or if it be what sailors call
seen " end on." In a calm, and even with a fresh
breeze in wet weather, it is almost impracticable
to make signals with flags. Now, the cones can
be used and made out distinctly in all weathers,
and possess the advantage of being visible
in every direction. They can be worked more
readily and with greater speed than the flags.
After every combination of flags which constitutes
a distinct signal, the flags must be hauled down
preparatory to the display of the combination form-
ing the succeeding signal. In Mr. Redl's system
the expanded cones are made to collapse in an
instant, and may be directly afterwards exhibited
in a new arrangement. This is one of the distin-
guishing features of Mr. Redl's plan, which renders
it so easily and rapidly worked in practice. Others
have proposed the use of solids of revolution, and
among their number the cone, to be used for form-
ing combinations for signals. But then they were
flags, to be h dup and dawn, and placed.
In erent combinatiOns and positions. The prin-
ciple of expansion and collapse renders the work-
ing of Mr. Redl's cones not only simple, but aids
the extreme rapidity with which fresh combina-
tions can be formed.
We have still to r evert to another recommenda-
tion of the cone system. It is independent of
colour. The expanded cones can be descried
accurately at distances and during
.states of the
atmosphere in which it would be impossible to
distinguish the colour of a flag. The manner in
which the combinations of Mr. Redl's cones are
made is extremely simple. We will suppose the
ropes which extend the four cones from their state
of collapse to be numbered 1,2, 3, and 4. If the
first rope be pulled a few feet, according to the
height of the cone, the first cone will be expanded.
This signal represents the number 1. It may then
be allowed to collapse. The second• rope being
pulled expands the second cone, and this alone
being visible is the symbol for the number 2. In
like manner, the third and fourth cones being
displayed alone are the syMbols for 3 and 4. The
Ist and 4th cones being displayed together is
the s3rmbol for 5 ; the 2d and 4th, for 6 ;
the 3d and 4th, for 7 ; the Ist, 3d, and 4th, for
8 ; and the 2d, 3d, and 4th for 9. We thus
obtain 9 distinct symbols for the 9 digits. The 2d
and 3d cones, which when expanded have
a resemblance to the letter x, the Roman numeral
for 10, stands for the cypher. The Ist and 2d to-
gether stand for a stop or period, to show that the
symbols preceding it have completed the number
of a signal or spelt a particular word. It is found
necessary in practice to learn whether the person
signalled to has made out your signal, or each coin-'
of which it is composed. In the cone
system, the receiver of the messages displays the
same combination of cones he perceives displayed
by the sender. It is not until the sender perceives
his signal answered that he makes a new combina-
tion ; to repeat any previous arrangement is there-
fore liable to mistake. Cones 1 and 3 displayed
together are the symbol that the previous number
is repeated.

We still have a few combinations in reserve.
The first three, cones displayed together is the
symbol for the pendant, and this followed by a
number indicates the chapter of the code, to which
the succeeding number signalled is to be referred
for interpretation. The Ist, 2d, and 4th is the
symbol for a negative reply, to show the wish to
convey a message. Now by means of these sym-
bols any number can be signalled. Thus, for in-
stance, suppose we wish to show the number 1,233,
we show first the Ist cone alone, then the 2d, then
the 3d, after that the Ist and third together to
show that the preceding figure 3 was repeated, and,
lastly, the Ist and 2d cone together as the stop or
period, showing that the number of the particular
signal is completed. Our readers will thus per-
ceive how extremely simple this system is, and,
being connected in a manlier adapted to a kind of
artificial memory, it is as easy of comprehension
and as readily counted as the pips on a pack
of playing-cards. So complicated are the sym-
bols of the flag system that it requires consider-
able study and practice to master them. The
contrast between the flag system and that of
the cones in this respect is most strikingly
exemplified by the evidence of Commander Egerton,
R.N. before the committee appointed to investigate
Mr. itedl's system. He says : " A boy belonging to
her Majesty's ship Neptune, aged sixteen, learnt
the cone system when under my instruction in a
week ; he had been for six months under the signal-
man of the Neptune, learning the naval signals;
but by the signalman's account he did not know
them one-half as well as he did the cones, after his
week's instruction under me." In every respect,
therefore, the cones have the advantage of the flags.
They can be seen when flags cannot ; they can be
used in calms and in storms, when flags could not ;
they can be worked by fewer hands, they are worked
with greater rapidity, with greater accuracy, and
can be more easily comprehended. In addition to
these recommendations they are more economical.
A set of signal flags for a first rate man-of-war cost
about £5O, while a set of cones, which would wear
out several sets of flags, would cost only about £2.
The cones have been distinctly seen and recorded,
through smoke and through haze, and other atmos-
pheric conditions, when .flags placed below them
could not be discerned. When the value of signal-
men and signal officers, as well as the casualties to
which they are subjected, is taken into consideration,
it is no small reconunendition of Mr. Redl's systems
that it could readily be worked and interpreted by
any man or officer on board ship. The flag system
has long been given up as inapplicable to the
shore—indeed it never could be used. Telegraphy
for naval or military purposes on shore is conducted
by the semaphore system. The signals in this sys-
tem are made by Nooden arms moving at different

angles to a post to which they are affixed. These,
like the flags, can only lie seen in certain directions.
Mr. Redl's -cones have been tried in competition with
the semaphore system. They can be seen at dis-
tances under atmospheric conditions when the arms
of the semaphore could not be seen. With respect
to speed, it may be noted that a boy who had only
learnt the cone system one week worked a message
as rapidlyby the cones as an experienced signal-man
could work the semaphore.fln every respect, there-
fore, it may be said that Mr.-Redl's cone system is
superior both to that of flags and the fixed sema-
phore on shore. But there is this additional advan-
tage, that the same system can be used both for the
army and navy, so that the two forces can co-operate
and use precisely the same:system of symbols, which
can be seen in every direction, an advantage possessed
by no other method. In spelling messages, numbers
are substituted for letters ; 5 as used for A, and
the succeeding numbers, up to 29, for the suc-
cessive and respective letters in the order of
the alphabet. By commencing with the num-
ber sinstead of 1 there is this advantage, that
the successsve letters of a word can be indicated
without the use of a stop or period till the word is
spelt, without any ambiguity or possibility of mis-
take. Lieut. Pritchard in his evidence stated that he
had seen a full report written upon a sheet of foolscap
paper passed through Redl's cones in about two
hours, which he believed would have taken at least
twelves hours to do by the naval telegraph alphabet.
This difference of speed in communication is the
more marked when we remember that every writ-
bination of the cones would be repeated by the re-
ceiver, while for celerity at the expense of accuracy
each combination of the flags would only be replied
to by a single answering pendant: The cone
system admits of a very rapid method of read-
ing. The man with his glass viewing the distant
signal has only to give a single whistle for any cone
open and a double whistle for any one shut to com-
municate the distant signal both to the recording
officer and also to the man working the answer of
the signal. _lnstead of the two whistles any two
sounds or any two signs whatever may be used.
Now this converts the cone system once acquired
from a visual telegraph to-a phonetic one. It leads
to a modification called by Mr. Redl his dual system.
Its advantages are manifold. By the dual system
applied to sound any message can be communicated
from ship to ship by the sound of a bell or a gong—
if far distant, by sound of gun. In military opera-
tions, by two sounds of bugle, by single and double
taps of drum, by explosion of fire arms, any mes-
sage can be accurately.conveyed. .This dual system
is equally applicable to sight ; by a little sacrifice of
speed, two flags, two lights at night, or even one
light moored different ways, can be made to work
the dual system. In point of fact, the man who has
once made himself master of the cone system can
readily communicate by day or night, with any one
having a similar knowledge to himself, by means of
the dual system. This is so important an acquire-
ment, considering the many exigencies of military
and naval life, that the authorities of both services
will be guilty of gross neglect if it be not made a
compulsory part of every soldier's and sailor's edu-
cation. In all future military works the electric
telegraph will no doubt play an important. part.
The dual system is quite applicable 'to the single or
double needle telegraph. An hour's practice may
make any man master of the dual system able to com-
municate rapidly, by means of the electric telegraph,
to any other person possessing the same accomplish-
ment. After years of labour, Mr. Redl has succeeded
in obtaining from the Admiralty the recognition of
the merits of his system. A certain compensation
has been made him for his expenditure of time and
money, though nothing like what he has spent. His
invention, so far m the armyand navy are concerned, is
now public property, paid for by public money. We
hope, therefore, that no indolence of routine, nor any
undercurrent of secret influence, will be permit ted to
rob the army and navy of a valuable and important
invention. We trust its adoption will not be con-
fined to those services. Why should it not be
adopted by our whole mercantile navy ? Every
ship ought to have a copy of the " Mercantile
Code." Every mercantile sailor should be as able
to read the cones, or interpret the dual system, as
he is able to box his compass. Then either with
or without a code, either with or without a set of
cones, two ships when in sight or hearing could
communicate any message whatever to one another.
It is impossible to exaggerate the value of such a
systein to the mercantile marine. The Txisitiby-
houce should see to this, our shipowners should
bestir themselves. No ship should put to sea with-
out a set of cones, nor any captain be allowed to
navigate her who cannot use them.

SIR ERS:KINE PERRY, M.P., AND MR,
JAMES WILSON, M.P.

Sir Erskine Perry and Mr. Jas.Wilson addressed
a large meeting of their constituents at Devonport
on Thursday night, Mr. C. Tripe presiding.
Sir E. PERRY, on rising, said he was extremely
gratified at having this opportunity of paying his
respects to a constituency which had twice elected
him, and whose confidence he still hoped to con-
tinue to enjoy. The most remarkable event of the
last session was the downfall of the Palmerston
Government, but it was still more remarkable
that the Government which succeeded • them were
enabled to go through the session successfully, and
were stronger at the end of it than when they took
office. Liberalism was unquestionably predominant;
and the Derby Government—professedly a Tory-
Government--were compelled to adopt liberal mea-
sures to secure the favour of the Opposition. If the
Liberal party had rallied on the India Bill the result
would have been the restoration of the Palmerston
Government ; but they were not prepared for that
and the Governmcntpassed over that shoal and also
the Ellenborough despatch successfully. Having
condemned the censure unadvised passed upon Lord
Canning by that despatch, he proceeded to analyse
the causes which led to the installation of Lord
Derby and his colleagues. The leaders of the late
Government thought themselves indispensable to
the Liberal party, and that the system that placed
them at the head of affairs needed no amelioration;
consequently they did not keep pace with the Libe-
ral party out of doors. Moreover, they were afraid
to rely upon their opinions, and shrank from the
principles of the Whig party being carried out
to their legitimate results. He had no such fears.
He believed in the people. He belonged to them,
and he cast in his lot with their destiny. With the
spread of intelligence it was clear that an exten-
sion of political power must follow, and he believed
they would make a good me of the privilege be-
stowed upon them. He deplored the fact that the
Liberal party had lost confidence in their acknow-
ledged leaders. He was not one of those who thought
it desirable to have a Conservative Government in
office for the sake of what could be squeezed out of
them, because it was opposed to political morality.
He alluded to the swamping the magisterial bench
by the Tory Government as a great scandal, and as
one of the prejudicial effects of their temporary
power. The Conservative tint introduced into pub-
lic measures was another result, and he specially
mentioned the India Bill. He eulogised Lord Stan-
ley as au able Minister—the best that could be
found for India on either side of the house ; but his
lordship was not one of the party. He was com-
pelled to yield up his liberal opinions, and intro-
duced a measure which was but a slight improve-
ment upon the old system. Sir E. Perry next con-
demned the bill legalising the payment of voters'
expenses at elections, and incidentally expressed
his desire to see the working classes represented by
intelligent members of their own body. Glancin g
into the future, the hon. member proceeded to speak
of the coming Reform Bill. If the people were in-
creasing in intelligence, should they alone be ex-
cluded from political power ? If the leaders of libe-
ralism abandoned the helm, other ministers would
step in, and progress would go on, though not under
the recognised leaders of public opinion. The con-
stitution .was capable of indefinite improvement,
and the popular element must be largely introduced.
A reform' to be good must embrace large disfran-
chisements as well as enfranchisementst_and must
be accompanied by the ballot. (Cheers.) These
w"'e
three characteristics of "a sound Reform Bill. Small
pocket boroughs must be either swept outofthe
list or reduced to their proper share of
representa-
tion. They ought not to possess the
same
towns. The
political
power as large and thickly populatedl
egurefraatueohpipsoemsiteinotn would
tohuledpebeeplteo thetwo princip es
and ballot; and if the
people were lukewarm.they would not be carried.
illusory
measure, the Conservatives brought forward an
measure, or, by common agreement, reform was
agreed to be withdrawn,—in either case the people
must bestir themselves. They believed reform in-
evitable ; but if they found themselves juggled they
would rise and unitedly demand reform ; and he
l
called upon them in such an emergency to do so. o
Mr. WILSON expressed his concurrence in most
of the sentiments that had fallen from his hon.
col-
league. His hon. 1) lend had alluded to the change
of Government; but it was exceedingly satisfactory
to know that, if there had been a change of Go-
, vernment, there had been no change of_measures—
' (cheers)—and such now was the state of public in-