The Sun.
London, England, 1867-01-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 17, 1867.

voted for it without committing themselves to an

opinion that this money was due from revenue.
The report was adopted, the dividends were de-
clared, and the usual routine business concluded the

proceedings.
INDIAN CARRYING (LIMITED).
The report of the directors of this company states
that the instructions for closing the Bombay agency

were carried into effect in September last. The
losses there had arisen not so much from individual

acts of mismanagement as from inadequate amount
of business to bear the heavy standing charges,

and to compensate for the high prices
which the company were compelled to pay during
the cotton mania, as well as from causes connected
with the condition and administration of the rail-
ways at that Presidency during the period in ques-
tion. A portion of the rolling stock had been trans-
ferred direct to the Bengal agency, whoe line of

road from Agra joined that of Bombay at Indore.
A considerable number of the waggons had also been
sent to Madras, where they were much wanted for
the increasing business. The progress at Madras
had been, on the whole, satisfactory. While the loss
by the business in this Presidency in the year end-
ing the 30th of June, 1865, was nearly £2,500, the
loss during the first six months of the present ac-
count did not exceed £4OO, and in the second six
months was about £lOO only. But for the greatly
increased cost of cattle food, wages, and cart and
bullock hire (amounting to £4,800 over the rate for
the preceding year), caused by the famine and cho-
lera, and the impossibility of increasing the com-
pany's charges in proportion, there was no reason
to doubt that the Madras accounts would have
shown a fair profit. The grossreceipts had increased
100 per cent. during the 12 months, and amounted
to nearly £50,000; on the whole working at Madras
from the commencement there had been a profit. In
the Calcutta agency the business had been much re-
stricted by the inability of the East India Railway
Company to accommodate the great amount of
traffic brought to it, and by the systematic prefe-
rence for some time given by its servants in the
allotment of the available waggons to another and
rival carrying establishment, to the great detri-
ment of this company and others. Since the Govern-
ment inquiry an end had been put to this practice,
and the rival establishment had ceased to exist. At
the same time the increase of rolling-stock on the
railways and its completion by the opening of
the Jumua-bridge had relieved the previous block
of the traffic, and would enable this company, it was
hoped, to undertake much profitable business as
through carriers, which they were before obliged
to decline from the difficulty and uncertainty of se-
curing a ready and punctual conveyance of their
goods by the railway. Upon the whole operations
of the company at Calcutta and Madras a balance
of profit was shown of £24,522. From this £16,788
had been, from time to time, written off for losses
at Bombay, the greater portion during the two
latter years of the account. In consequence of the
losses at Bombay no further dividend for the year,
beyond the 3 per cent. already paid, could be de-
clared. The directors had no reason to doubt that
the business in Calcutta and Madras, which had
now been established for three years, would go on
improving, and they expected that measures of
economy could be carried out which would lead to
the profits hearing an increased ratio to the gross
receipts.

Mr. C. Buxton, M.P., on the Past Year.

NORWICH, Wednesday.
_ _

Mr. C. BUXTON, M.P., delivered an address on
1866 at the Cromer reading-rooms last evening.
The hon. gentleman observed that the leading events
of the past year had been the defeat of the Reform
Bill, with the consequent change of Government,
and the development of the Fenian conspiracy. It
had become clear that the chronic irritation of the
Irish people against England was not really engen-
dered, although it might be increased, by any
grievances under which they suffered, and which
could be removed by legislation ; but it was in truth
the abhorrence of a conquered people for the alien
race by whom they bad been subdued. It was an
intense feeling of nationality—a feeling like that of
the Poles against Russia, and of the people of Venice
against the Austrians ; and he feared that nothing
Parliament could do would uproot this hatred of the
Celtic nation for its Saxon conquerors. This, how-
ever, was no reason for our not doing everything
that man could do to remove every national ground
of discontent. After touching on the various inci-
dents by which the year had been marked in the
United Kingdom, Mr. Buxton observed that events,
however striking, often were in reality of far less
moment than the silent movement in the minds of
men, which yet at the time might show no outward
sign nor work any immediate results. Those revo-
lutions were also going forward, and in
some years might easily catch the eye of a
careful watcher ; but in others their progress was
slow, or at any rate obscure, and this had, he
thought, been the case in the year just gone by.
Perhaps the reform question had absorbed nearly
all the thought of the country. In the political
world it had swallowed up every other question, but
of late the war in Prussia had excited much inte-
rest as to the question of army organisation, and,
curiously enough, the admirable conduct of the
Prussian soldiery had stirred up a great deal of un-
comf
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sketch of the war in Germany and in Italy, and of
the position of affairs in the United States and
Mexico. The hon. gentleman continued—Such ,
have been the incidents in the history of the past
yhiesatr. ory—Buat I
feahtuarvee
tnhoet
eanoetriecedetroilineingfeature in
uee that
un-
happily so rare—namely, that during:the last 12
months the British empire has been absolutely at
wpeaarceininNaellw pzaeartlsaonfdtfihne
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the year, but it vanished away, strange to relate, as
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taken
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offering to the Government of the United States to
refer the questions connected with the Alabama to
arbitration. That was a step of high importance,
not merely as tending to bring about a far better
understanding between us and our brethren on the
other side of the Atlantic—in itself a matter of in-
calculable moment—nor yet merely as tending to
preserve us from the like ruinous depredations should
we be involved in war ; but far more, as setting an
example to the world of the reference of disputes
between one nation and another to the arbitration
of a third impartial party, instead of referring them
to the barbarous, the absurd, the calamitous arbi-
tration of the sword ! No one thing can do more
for the peace and therefore for the well-being of the
nations than this,—that the habit should be formed
among them of leaving the settlement of their dis-
putes to the decision of a tribunal, instead of flying
at one another's throats, like angry dogs, and fight-
ing it out. The marvellous thing is that such a
simple way of avoiding war—not indeed in all, but
in very many, cases where it would else be inevitable
should not have long since become a vital part of
the policy of mankind. But the d
fact that twice
within the last three years Englan has
to refer to arbitration disputes which, in former
times, would almost certainly have been settled by
the bayonet, may have a powerful influence in lead-
ing the other nations of Christendom also by degrees
to adopt this cheap, rational, and Christian way of
getting rid of their quarrels. I hope Lord Stanley
and the present Government wall continue to dis-
play the courage and good sense which they have
shown in thus rescinding the determination come to
by Lord Russell ; and so again, I think that the
example which England is now setting to other
nations of minding her own business, and letting
other nations mind theirs, may also be of incalculable
value in promoting the peace of the word. All his-
since, is filled with

+,-... +,, u, i chin even 10 years

absurd vanity which made them feel it a point of
honour to put a finger in other people's pies, so as
to show their own power. Nay, there are many, even
now, who loudly lament the neutral course which
England has resolved to adopt, and prate a great
deal about the loss of dignity and influence that we
have thereby incurred. I do not believe a word of
all this. We may have been abused and ridiculed
for a little while, and we have changed our policy in
a clumsy way ; but in the long run our resolution to
hold ourselves aloof from quarrels that do not con-
cern us, and to let other nations manage or mis-

manage their own affairs, without meddling at any
rate with the sword, will greatly contribute, not only
to our peacefulness and prosperity, but to our
real dignity in the eyes of the world. What, on the
whole, is the result to Europe of the great changes
she has witnessed during the past year? Those
changes can scarcely fail to bring with them, on the
one hand, peace, and on the other hand freedom.
The creation of a powerful empire in North Ger-
many is likely to be a wholesome check upon the
aggressive tendencies which might havebeen fostered
in Russia and in France by the weakness of the
kingdom that lay between them. But still more will
the completion of the kingdom of Italy help in all
likelihood to preserve the peace of Europe. So long
as aught of their soil was held by aliens, the Italians
could not but live in a perpetual state of irritation,
and there was always the fear that they might quar-
rel with Austria on the one hand or with France on
the other, and thus light the flame of European war.
It is difficult to conceive what motive the King of
Italy could now have for fighting with any of his
neighbours. Nations are, however, so unutterably
foolish about war that he would be a sanguine man
who looked forward with any certainty to a long
period of peace, and the weakness and disorganisa-
tion of the Austrian empire may be fraught with
danger ; but, except for this, there is now a real
balance of power among the nations of the Continent,
and this equilibrium must greatly lessen the chance
of war. Then as to liberty, these events must surely
favour it. The new North German empire can only
be held together by giving all the people of the vari-
ous kingdoms, free cities, and duchies which it con-
tains a direct interest and a direct influence in its
government. The machinery for the constitutional
self- government of that empire has been set up, and
the German people are so thoughtful, so prudent,
and so manly that although they do not always move
as quickly as bystanders might like, we may well
trust them not to let political liberty slip out of their
hands when they have once grasped it. In Italy
we already see the magnificent and cheering spec-
tacle of a nation newly combined into one, and
labouring under enormous difficulties, yet showing
a rare aptitude for self-government. From Jutland
to Sicily the whole centre of Europe is now in pos-
session of political freedom ; and may we not be
lieve that such an example must surely ere long
render impossible the despotism under which France,
Spain, and Russia still labour? Upon the whole,
1866, although in itself a year of calamity and gloom,
a year of tempests and shipwreck, a year of grievous
disasters in the commercial world, a year of tremen-
dous strife in Europe and of changes unprecedented
since Waterloo, yet may probably be looked back
upon in days to come as a year beyond all others
pregnant with the blessings of peace, prosperity, and
freedom not only to Europe, but to mankind.
The hon. gentleman, who was frequently ap-
plauded during his address, received a cordial vote
of thanks from his audience.

purposes of war, would be found to be something
more substantial than a mere matter of sentiment.
What we maintain is—that the Government
should not permit the national flag to disappear
from this traffic so long as citizens are ready to
organise American lines. They are ready on con-
dition that they are placed on an equal footing with
foreign competitors; that is, permitted to procure
the vessels they employ where they can be built
most cheaply. Let the American ship-builders take
care of their own interest, but do not let that in-
terest drive the American flag from the Ocean
Carrying Trade. No doubt when circumstances be-
come more favourable theshipbuilders will be able to
compete with those of Europe, but till then it is ad-
visable that American capitalists should be able to
avail themselves of the yards on this side to
secure the vessels they wish to employ in the
carriage of their fellow-countrymen and of their own
produce. The American shipbuilders will sustain
no loss, for they get no orders as the case now
stands. There will be no increase in the trade, for
what Americans do not do Europeans will, and the
only change would be that American capital would
be more freely employed in this direction, that a por-
tion of the profits would go into American pockets

—that American interests in the American carrying
trade would be greater, the Government have a
control over fleets of powerful steamers, and the
citizens not learn to regard the fact as a matter of
course that to their country not a single vessel of the
splendid fleets plying to Europe should belong.—
.Anglo-Anzerican Times.

23. Clocks, &c.-32 exhibitors. 24. Heating, &c.,

apparatus. 25. Perfumery.-15 exhibitors. 26.
Leather fancy goods.-39 exhibitors. 27. Cotton.
—29 exhibitors. 28. Flax and hemp.-17 exhibi-
tors. 29. Wool combed.-9 exhibitors. 30. Wool

carded.-107 exhibitors. 31. Silk.-30 exhibitors.

32.—Shawls.-4 exhibitors. (Poorly represented.)
33. Lace, &c.-31 exhibitors. 34. Hosiery.-14
exhibitors.—Baby linen, fans, screens. 35. Cloth-
ing.-42 exhibitors. Clothing peculiar to various
professions and trades. 36. Jewellery.—See 21
class. 37. Portable weapons.-16 exhibitors.
(Exceptional case.) 38. Travelling apparatus and

camp equipage.-1.2 exhibitors. Portable apparatus
specially intended for scientific voyages and ex-
peditions, photographic apparatus, instruments for

astronomical and meteorological observations, equip-
ment and implements for geologists, mineralo-
gists, &c. 39. Toys.-6 exhibitors. For toys and
games (except cricket), but one exhibitor. 40.
Mining.-123 exhibitors. 41.—Products obtained

from forests.-7 exhibitors. (Imperfectly repre-
sented.) 42. Products of fishing and unculti-
vated fruits.-1 exhibitor. (Only gums and tur-
pentine represented.) 43. Agricultural products
(not food).-11 exhibitors. Cocoons of the silk-
worm, tobacco, German tinder, tanning, and
dyeing substances. (Poorly represented.) 44.
Chemical products.-96 exhibitors. 45. Che-
mical processes, Dyeing, &c.-4 exhibitors. (Poorly
represented.) 46. Leather.-22 exhibitors. Parch-

ment, gutwork, strings for musical instruments.
47. Apparatus in mining.-16 exhibitors. Models
and plans of workings in mines and quarries,
mining ladders, drainage machines, apparatus for
saving life, parachutes signals, apparatus for car-
bonisation of fuel, smelting furnaces, smoke con-
sumers, metal work apparatus, apparatus for
forges, &c. 48 and 74. Apparatus in cultivation.-
58 exhibitors. Plans and models of farm buildings,
plans of systems of replanting and cultivating
forests, and apparatus used for the same. 49. Ap-
paratus for fishing, and uncultivated products.-6
exhibitors. Guns and shooting apparatus and
equipment, apparatus and implements used in
gathering products obtained without cultivation.
50. Apparatus for agricultural works.-31 exhibi-
tors. Apparatus used in manufacture of artificial
manures. 51. Apparatus for chemistry.-10 exhi-
bitors. Apparatus used in assays, in the manufac-
ture of chemicals, soaps, candles, essences, varnishes,
and articles in india-rubber, &c., bleaching phar-
maceutical products, glass works, and ceramic ma-
nufactures. 52. Engines, &c.-24 exhibitors. Shafts,
rails, and turn-tables. 53. Machines.-45 exhibitors.
Machines set in motion by evaporation of ether,
ditto by gas, &c., windmills, panemones, air bal-
loons. 54. Machine tools.-22 exhibitors. 55.
Apparatus for spinning.-16 exhibitors. Materials
used in rope manufacture, round, flat, tapering
cables, cord and twine wire rope, &c. 56. Apparatus
for weaving.-16 exhibitors. Apparatus used
for making lace. 57. Apparatus for sewing._
13 exhibitors. 58. Apparatus for making furniture.
1 exhibitor. (Almost entirely unrepresented.)
59. Apparatus for papermaking, &c.-9 exhibitors.
Apparatus for bleaching and dyeing, materials,
apparatus and products of type founding, machines
and apparatus used in typography, &c., printing
postage-stamps, machines for setting up and sorting
type. 60. Small machines.-4 exhibitors. Coining
presses, tools for and processes of making clockwork,
toys, &c. 61. Carriages.-45 exhibitors. Wag-
gons, tumbrels, drays, and vehicles for special pur-
poses, sledges, velocipedes. 62. Harness.-21 exhi-
bitors. 63. Railway apparatus.-18 exhibitors.
64. Telegraphy.-4 exhibitors. (Barely repre-
sented.) 65. Engineering. 66. Navigation and life-
boats. 67. Cereals, &c., for food.-6 exhibitors.
Fecula from potatoes, rice, lentils, &c. Gluten, tapi-
oca, Italian: pastes, &c., alimentary preparations as
substitutes for bread, &c. 68. Bread and pastry.
3 exhibitors. (Only represented by biscuits.) 69.
Fatty food. 70. Meat and fish.-8 exhibitors.
(Barely represented.) 71. Vegetables and
fruit.-1 exhibitor. Fresh fruit. 72. Condi-
ments.-20 exhibitors. 73. Drinks.-16 exhibi-
bitors. 74 with 48.-Farm-buildings, &c. 75.
Horses.--4 exhibitors. Animals as specimens of
breed of country. 76. Bulls, &c. 77. Sheep, &c.
78. Pigs. 79. Poultry. 80. Dogs. 81. Insects.
-4 exhibitors. (Represented.) 82. Fish. 83.
Hothouses, &c. 84. Flowers. 85. Vegetable.
86. Fruit trees. 87. Seeds. 88. Hothouse plant.
89. Instruction to children.-34 exhibitors. 90.
Libraries, &c.-1 exhibitor. (Only represented by
reading books for adult schools.) 91. Cheap fur-
niture.-7 exhibitors. (Represented.) 92. Cloth-
ing of countries. 93. Cheap dwellings. 94
Skilled workers' work. 95. Skilled workers' in,
Istruments."
Id