The Sun.
London, England, 1858-10-21 00:00:00

FRANCE.

PARIS, WEDNESDAY, 7 P.M.
Fuad Pacha will leave Paris to-morrow for
Constantinople.
There was a Council of State to-day at St. Cloud
—the Emperor presiding. The questions discussed
were purely domestic. The Court will not go to
Compiegne this year as originally proposed.
Fuad Pacha, the Turkish Envoy, paid a visit to
Count Walewski to-day, at the Hotel of Foreign
Affairs, on the occasion of his approaching depar-
ture for Constantinople.
Official despatches from Spain seem to suppose
Government will have a majority at the coming
elections ; but on the other hand the spirit of
faction runs so high, and so much distrust is
exhibited by all parties towards each other, that
no one can calculate on what may occur from day
to day. An ordinary telegraphic despatch, dated
Madrid, October 20, says : " The Gazette of to-day
publishes a circular of the Minister of Public
Works, in which he recommends all persons em-
ployed in public offices to abstain from using any
influence in the elections. The electoral accounts
which have been received are favourable to the
Government."
The Emperor is said to be contemplating con-
ferring titles of nobility on a certain number of
persons devoted to the Empire. A commission is
about to be formed with a view of investigating the
legality of certain titles now in use, as great abuses
are known to exist. The Emperor may confer
titles on a few distinguised military men—such, for
example, as the generals who command the military
divisions of the empire.
A pamphlet is to appear in a few days (if per-
mitted by superior authority) from the pen of M.
Bosselet, the Opposition, and consequently the un-

successful, candidate for the department of the
Eure-et-Loire at the general elections in June last
year. It bears the rather bold title "De la Liberte
et du Gouvernement," and is prefaced with an ad-
dress to the author's electors. The following are
extracts :

" In every society or assemblage of men," says M. Bos-
selet, " there is what is called the nation and what is called
the Government. Either the
_nation governs the Govern-
ment, which is then the reginie'of libeity, or thei Government
governs the nation, when it is the regime of authority. All
the rest is chimera and illusion. It is in the nature of all

Governments to exercise the greatest amount of power.
There is no Government that has not marched in this
way. Thus, the Constituent takes away power from Louis
XVI. and decrees the Unity of Assembly; the Committee

of Public Safety wrests it from the Commune ; the D,

rectory cheats the Five Hundred of it. On the other
hand, it belongs only to the nation to exercise in its turn
the greatest amount of liberty. But from our unfortunate
habits, from our education, the teachings of our history,
and our always directing our eyes to the Government, it is
from it that we ask liberty, which is quite as rational as if
I prayed my neighbour to walk for me. It follows that the
nation has rarely had this confidence in itself, this inde-
pendent bearing, this energetic sentiment of its own force
which is imparted by a just notion of liberty. To quote
one instance of recent date among others—what occurred
at the approach of the general elections ? Every one asked
himself, Would the Government permit the elections to
be free ?' Now, could a people accustomed to self-govern-
ment ever have asked so strange a question? Moreover,
this incessant pre-occupation about the Government gave
the idea of abstaining—as if a nation ought ever to abstain
from the management of its own affairs. The reason of
such weakness is that among us liberty is regarded as a
mere gift from the Government to the nation.
" But, say the majority,—Who talks to you of liberty ?
Who now wishes for liberty ? Let us open our eyes to the
fact, and let us not calumniate our epoch. It is neither ser-
vile nor the enemy of enlightenment ; but it is not blind : it
is wiser ; it knows whither liberty has led it, and it will not
on any account return whence it came. Nothing, in fact, is
more reasonable. ' Rivers,' said Royer-Collard, 'no more
return to their source than do events.' France had an
attack of fever in 1848; that fever was followed by lassitude,
lassitude by repose, and repose in its turn leads each day to
health. Now, the health of nations is liberty.
" See how the nation was modified by the general elec-
.

tions. What was more natural ? During six-years Fran;
had reposed from her political agitations; that repose gra-
dually restored her strength, and in June, 1857, she gave
signs of convalescence.
" Who denies that France has up to the present mani-
fested great inexperience in liberty ? People only who
know not how to govern themselves are governed. Liberty
is a science like other sciences; it is the most important of
all which must be learned to be known. People spell it at
first, and then read it. It has, no doubt, its perils, but
such is the lot of all human things. The summer has its
sun and its thunderstorms ; the sea its waves and its tem-
pests. But liberty is the dignity of man, and the guarantee
of his independence.

" The way that a nation learns to govern itself is that it
tries to do so in spite of checks, and should think like the
energetic people of the United States, who... say of a man
who falls, it is a proOf that he wai.walking.
"It follows from all this that it is not by calling the
Government to our aid that we shall learn to govern our-
selvs. Let us not mix up our affairs-with it; let us be oc-
cupied only by ourselves ; let us think only of our interests ;
let us defend only our own cause ; let us never ask ' what
will the Government do ?' but rather let us always ask our-
selves, what shall we do ?' "
We must wait for the publication of the book
itself to see whether M. Bosselet developes the
theme only touched on in the preface ; or whether,
like the philosopher of antiquity, he only lets his
truths out one at a time.

The following are a few extracts from the cor-
respondence between Napoleon I. and Prince
Eugene Beauharnais, edited by M. Du Cain, and
which appeared a few days ago :

" NAPOLEON.

" . . .If the Registry Bill does not pass I will take it
on my own authority, and as long as I shall be King the
Legislative Body shall not be assembled. Let them under-
stand that I can do without them, and that I will teach
the"mist. howclolucdan,
25dtoh July.Nvith without them,
em, since they conduct them-
selves in such a manner towards me.
" EUGENE.
" The Italians are really like children. One may com-
pare them to people who are asleep, and will not awake to
be happy.

" Milan, July 21, 1805."
" NAPOLEON.
" You are wrong to think the Italians are like children,
There Is bad feeling among them. Let them not forget
that lam free to act as I please. That is necessary for all
people, and particularly for Italians, who will only obey
the voice of a master. They will only esteem you as much
as they will fear you, and they will only fear you as much
as they shall perceive you are acquainted with their double-
faced and false character. Your system, moreover, is
simple—the Emperor wills it.
d, St. Cloud, July 27, 1805."
" EUGENE.

" I have had enough of trouble for some days past.
Several departments of the kingdom have made heavy de-
mands on me. The precipitate movement of Marshal Jour-
deaf hltyreal tho Mach Nvi tin Adige hai ronirixl Ivg•

supplies of provisions, transports, &c. Nothing is yet
paid. .. . . I think that these demands are sometimes
necessary, but only on very urgent occasions.
" Monza, September 11, 1805."
" NAPOLEON.

" I cannot approve of what you say. We must speak
peace, but act war. Nothing must be spared to collect an
army. .. . If the Austrians were in the kingdom they
would not conduct themselves with so much moderation.
. Under all similar circumstances a demand for
horses has been made. It was not 900 waggons I took pos-
session of when I was in Italy, but 2,000 You must
not be scared by the cries of the Italians They are
never satisfied
" St. Cloud, Sept. 16, 1805."

The following appears in the Pays :--
" A letter from London, of the 18th inst., informs
us of the following facts. We are assured that the
Government has received a letter from Gen. Camp-
bell, in which he expresses his regret that the rein-
forcements which had been announced to him had
not been sent at the period agreed on. His army
should have been composed, on the Ist October, of
an effective of 30,000 British troops, and it has
not yet exceeded 16,000—t00 weak a force to per-
mit him to undertake anything important. This situ-
ation of affairs is the more serious, as the native
auxiliaries show a coolness at present for the Eng-
lish—the Goorkhas refuse to march until their de-
mands are complied with, and it has been necessary
to disband several regiments composed of Sikhs.
On the other band, recruits have not come forward
in London as it was expected they would, notwith-
standing the large bounty offered ; and, in order to
complete General Campbell's army, some regiments
forming the garrisons of the fortified towns have
been taken from places of which the garrisons are
now weaker than they were at any former period.
In order to provide transports for these troops the
India Company has engaged in all haste the screw
transports Tudor, Great Redan, Persia, Colombo,
and Madras. The troops to be embarked in these
ships will all pass through Egypt."
BOURSE, Oct. 20.—The market was heavy at the
opening, but large purchases were afterwards made
in consequence of a report that the Portuguese dif-
ference was settled, and a general rally took place.
Threes, which have been done at 73f., are now at
73f. 25c. ; Mobilier varied from 895 f. to 920 f. ;
Austrian, 665 f. to 670 f. ; Lyons, 670 f. to 877 f. 50c. ;
Orleans, 1,345 f. to 1,355 f. ; Northern, 965 f. to 970 f. ;
Southern, 565 f. to 572 f. 50c. ; and Lombardo-
Venetian, 607 f. 50c. to 615 f. The market continued
buoyant to the close, when the following were the
quotations : _ .

il per Cents. .... 95 50
Do. end month .. 95 50

3 per Cents. 73 15
Do. end month 73 45
Bank Shares 3125
Credit Mobilier
Do. Account 930

Credit Foncier..
Belgian 4} lOl 25
Piedmontese (5) 93
Roman 93 60
Austrian —
Spanish Threes
Home Debt 42 50

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans . 1355 .. 1357 60
Northern' 970 .. 970
New ditto Bl5 .. 813 75

Lyons and Mediterranean 875 878 75
New ditto —
Geneva — .. 625
Midi 567 50 .. 575
Western 605 .. 610
Eastern
Grand Central —
Sardinian` 455 455
Austrian

Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 20c. ; money,
55f 17ic. ; three months, paper, 25f. —c. ; money, 24E
95c.

OPENING OF THE PRUSSIAN
CHAMBERS.

BERLIN, WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON.

The following is the speech with which the
Prince Regent of Prussia opened the Chambers this
day _ _ _

I present myself to the National Deputies with
painful feelings, but much confidence.
I am called by the King to assume the Regency
until God, in His mercy, shall have allowed him
again to discharge the duties of his Royal office—
an event which I incessantly pray for. It is a
source of relief to me that the King, in his care for
the common weal, has summoned me to assume the
Regency. In obedience to this intimation of the
Royal will, I have, in consideration of existing cir-
cumstances and of the precedents of our country,
undertaken the heavy burden and responsibility of
the Regency.
It is my earnest intention to do henceforth what
the constitution and the laws of the country require.
I expect that the Chambers will do likewise. All
the documents relating to the Regeucy shall be
communicated by a special message to the united
Chambers, and, if required, all further explanation
deemed necessary shall be given.
The more gloomy the aspect of affairs is, in con-
sequence of the King's health, the higher the stan-
dard of Prussia must be raised, by the conscientious
discharge of our duty and by mutual confidence.
The Prince Regent concluded the speech with
" God save the King."

By a decree of the 18th the King of Sardinia has
has appointed M. Lanza, late Minister of Public
Instruction, to the portfolio of Finance, and Advo -
cate Cadorna to that of Public Instruction. The
Piedmontese Ministry is therefore again complete,
Count Cavour still retaining the confidence of the
King, the majority of the Chambers, and the people
of the Italian Peninsula.

The Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian and the
Archduchess Charlotte visited Durazzo, in Albania,
on the 6th, and, in spite of their incognito, they
were received by the Austrian Consul and the
local authorities. This is the first Turkish town
that the Archduchess had ever seen, and she
appeared much interested at what met her view.
The Archduke went on a shooting excursion on
the lake, and on his return invited the consul to
dine with him on board the Imperial yacht. At
night they left for the lonian islands.

Some time since a difficulty arose between the
Neapolitan and Sardinian Governments, originating
in the seizure of a Neapolitan barque by the mari-
time authorities of the Island of Sardinia. The
vessel in question was supposed to be fishing for
coral in prohibited waters, and was captured
accordingly. The Sardinian authorities appear to
have been in the wrong, as the barque has been
restored. tir

AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.

The Canadian Mail Steamship North Briton has
arrived with Quebec and Montreal advices to the
9th inst., the mails, and 180 passengers.

On the night a boat put off from Belleisle with
the master and three of the crew of the schooner
Triumph, which was driven ashore on the west-end
of the island on the 9th, and became a total wreck.
Crew, however, all saved. In the River St. Law-
rence on the 9th passed the brig Eagle, barque
Caroline Clive of Glo'ster, and Liverpool of Grange-
mouth, ship Ocean Monarch, barque Legatas of
Sunderland, Glasgow, from Hull, and brig Camer-
ton of Worthington.

An extensive fire occurred at Montreal on the
Bth, in the large distillery of J. 0. W. Molso and
Co. The loss is estimated at about £lO,OOO.
At New York, on the Bth, cotton was steady, but
not quotably lower. Flour was steady. , Wheat
was heavy, and lc. to 3c. lower. Corn was also
heavy, and rather lower. Pork was unchanged.
Lard somewhat better, and a good sale. Rosin and
rice without change.
At Savannah, on the 7th, the cotton market was
quiet, but unchanged.
At Charleston, on the same day, prices of cotton
had declined to per cent. since the beginning of
the week.

At Quebec, on the 9th, Messrs. Forsyth and Co.
thus remark on the state of the timber market :
" When we last issued our Circular' we advised a
much more active feeling than had previously
existed in our market, and the same buoyancy still
maintains—the transactions having been on a more
extended scale during the past than the previous
fortnight—although we do not alter our quota-
tions.'
Freights continue most unremunerative to the
shipowner. At Montreal flour supplies were coming
forward more freely, but the market was in an un-
certain state. The trade in imported goods was
going on quietly. but steadily, and the aggregate
R 11191114 NTPA considerable.