The Sun.
London, England, 1858-04-15 00:00:00

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.—(This Day.)

LONDON, April 15.—Wind this day at noon, S, W.; light
breeze, and fine.
PLYMOUTH, April 14.—Wind S.E.—Sailed—Belmont,
for Quebec.
SHIELDS, April 14.—Wind W.S.W.—Sailed—Sir Wm.
Wallace, for Quebec.
DARTMOUTH, April 14.—Wind S.S.W.—Sailed—
Scout, for New York.
OFF PENzZNCE, April 13.—Arrived—Western Star,
from Barbadoes.
QUEENSTOWN, April 13.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—
Countess of Malmesbuiy, from Rio Grande; Mischief,
Antigua.
CORY, April 12.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Liffey, from
Barbadoes.
MILFORD, April I;".—Wind S.W— Arrived—Meander
(Be), from Liverpool for the Mediterranean, with engines
out of ordor.
CROOKRLIVEN, April 12.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—Bieno
Arno, from Porto Rico for Liverpoo .
SUNDERLAND, April 14.—Wind S.W.—Sailed—Plan-
tagenet, for Quebec.
OFF TORBA, April 13.—Arrived—Bremen, from Bremen
for New Orleans.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
SOUTHAMPTON, Thursday Morning,

Wind S. E.
Arrived—Marquis of Bute, from Sunderland; Courier,
steamer, Jersey ; Penelope, Berdianski ; Havre, steamer,
Havre ; Daniel, Bourdeaux ' • South Picton, Newport ;
La Poule, Cherbourg; Br ide,Newport ; Purveyor, Lyme;
St. Ives, Newport.
Sailed"—Wonder, s., for Havre ; Anne, Newport ' • Dis-
p..teh, s., Jersey ; Gipsy, Lianelly ; Poole, Cherbourg ;
Hope, Llanelly.

LIVERPOOL, Thursday Morning.
Arrived—Balbec, a.-s., from Havre; Crystalline, Aura
terdam ; Gazelle, St. Michael's; Santiago, Valparaiso.
Arrived, April 14.—Shaftesbery, from Melbourne, ha♦
iug 8,180 ounces of gold ; Astrea, from Maui itius ; Onta
rio, and Arctic, New York; Joseph Howe, New Orleans.
Providentia, Ostend.

(BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Thursday Morning.
Wind S. ; tide first hour's flood ; very fins.
Arrived, April 14—Jane Loden, from Savannah ; CA.
tharine Pemberton, Adelaide; Eliza. Buenos Ayrem.
Sailed—Hanover, steamer, for Ostend.
Wind S. light, fine. DEAL, Thursdaymorning.
Passed —'Snffolk, for Scilly; Revival. Adelaide; John
Pieree, Mevagavissey, and not Jolla Price, as reported
yesterday—all from London.

1858.

SPORTING NOTES.

THE LAST OF THE METROPOLITANS.

The pleasure-seekers of the metropolis have received
with some unea'iness and incredulity the reports which
have been circulated respecting the discontinuance 01
the Epsom Spring Meeting. The Licensed Victuallers,
who established the gathering, feel scandalised that even
a thought of its abandonment should ever have been enter-
tained, whil-t certain inhabitants of Epsom have raised
a great outcry against the impending dissolution of their
early meeting. These fears may after all be groundless,
and Mr. Docling may have no intention to deprive his
fellow-townspeople of a copious source of revenue or lop
off a branch of amusement which is so pcpular with
Londoners. Certainly a diminution of sport cannot be
urged as a reason for the abolition of the meeting, for
the racing has annually increased, and, indeed, the
programme promises a supply to-morrow which will
be beyond the ordinary demand. The card will contain
seven item., two of which are appointed to close this
evening. The weather seems to have taken a propitious
change, and if a bright atmosphere and interesting► sport
can induce people who have been "long iu populous city
pent" to breathe the pure air, the Grand Stand and en-
closure are not likely to lack occupants.

The racing at York has not exercised much in-
fluence over speculation on either the City and Sub-
urban or the Metropolitan Stakes, both of which
events, as betting races, have been remarkably open.
For the shorter race a large field may be calculated
upon, whilst the number of starters for the " Metrop.'
seems likely to exceed the average.
Speculation on the City and Suburban has been
quietly pursued ; still, although the lists of quotations
published from time to time have not been very lengthy,
yet the betting has taken no limited range. Although
Fisherman's performance for the Flying Dutchman's
Handicap was an extraordinary one, yet the admirers
of the old horse can scarcely be sanguine enough to let-
heve that he has a chance of even equalling his York
mining at Epsom. If Tourcament were to be the
representative of Drewitt's stable, I should be induced
to regard his pretensions with partiality, but Blue
Jacket will in all probability be the trusted champion
from Lewes. This horse ran two good races last year,
and his known ability and Fordham's luck may
bring him through in triumph. Schiedam has
been supported with much spirit, and people
declare " by all the blood of all the Howards" that the
stakes will go to Findon. I dislike bottled up horses
and shall therefore record a vote of want of confidence
against Schiedam. Should Madlle. de Chantiily only
run lid to her true form, she is likely to compensate
French turfites for the disappointment which her
defeat for the Cambridgeshire occasioned them last
season. That she is wonderfully fast, and
that she possesses no ordinary racing merit
was clearly proved by her performance with
Saunterer and Fisherman at Chantilly last summer,
and her forward p ,sition in the Cambridgeshire—an
event for which she went to the post notoriously amiss.
Some expectations are entertained of the Flying English-
man, but Ido not share them. Raven showed a good
deal of form last year, and the lenient impost placed upon
him has deservedly caused his chance to be seriously
considered. His running subsequent to the Brighton
Meeting can scarcely be deemed a criterion of his true
merit, for that was totally at variance with his antece-
dents. The course will be ill adapted to Costrel, who
has proved that he neither likes a distance nor a severe
course. As the last feather breaks the camel's back, so
will the "last quarter of a mile" at Epsom be fata.
to Costrel. The running of Tunstall Maid fer
the Great Northern Handicap has caused much at-
tention to be directed to T. Dawson's lot. No
sign of the coming animal, however, has yet been made.
Blackthorn was beaten in his trial, and Terrific, there•
fora, is the only animal of whom expectations may be en-
tertained. The popularity which Beadsman obtained by
his success at Newmarket was cf somewhat brief dura-
tion. He seemed about to be made a very prominent
favourite for this event, but the demonstration which was
to advance him to the front rank in the betting has not
been well sustained. Should the horse be as fit as he was
at Newniarket. I shall be much surprised if ho do not
obtain a very forward position. Of the remaining
three-yr•olds Little Treasure and Wouvermans are
most to my fancy. The owner of the former has strong
faith in his filly's ability to repeat for him his triumph
with Adamas last year. Little Treasure is a smart filly
enough, and she has doubtless given her owner satis-
factory proofs of the soundness of her pre, cnsions. The
Epsom people, too, believe that on his own ground
Wouvermans will not occupy his old place of second
or third. The horse improved upon his Northampton
running at Newmarket, and as he has been a long time
trying to get his heal first past the post, he may succeed
to-morrow. I shall therefore select against the field--
BLUE JaCKET, LITTLE TREASUItig, ANn WouvEßsiAris.

Monarque won the Newmarket 'Handicap with such
decided cleverness, that, despite his extra weight, the
confidence which is placed in his chance for the METito-
POLITAN STAKES is certainly well founded, Still,
his ability to concede 151bs, to Borderer, the
winner of the Northamptonshire Stakes, may be
well doubted, especlall; as a pr,bability exists that
the Lewes horse will be sent to the post to-morrow
nearly 71:)s. better than he was at Northampton. The
Wrestler, after having been somewhat unsteady in the
market, was at York again brought into the betting with
considerable force. The horse bas already shown much
improvement of form, but I am disposed to think that
he will be "asked to do too much" to give 12Ibs. to
Telegram, whose race with Eclipse at Newmarket is
alone sufficient to impart a formidable appearance to his
chance. Black Tommy will, if he retain his Derby and
his Doncaster form, be difficult to dispose of. I
certainly prefer him to the other top weight.
The City and Suburban, and Metropolitan Stakes
have been remarkable for both being won either
by the same horse or the same jockey. This year may
furnish no exception t the rule, and I shall net Le sur-
prised to see Fordham at she head of the list for each
event. For the Metropolitan my interest shall be re-
presented by
BORDERER, BLACK TOMMY, AND TELEGRAM.

For the Inkerman Plate New Brighton and Green-
wich Fair are the most attractive Eames, and either Ad-
miralty or Saxe Weimar may win the Railway Plate.
For the Two•yr-old Stakes my fancy points to Fusee
and Meg Merrilieza.

A FRESH MAN.

STEALING THE MADONNA.

A letter from Rome, in the Univers, contains
the following extraordinary tale :—" In the cathe-
dral of Velletri, near Rome, was an image of the
Virgin, nearly covered with gold, and decked out
with necklaces, rings, and jewellery, and it was
held in great veneration by the people. In the
Holy Week, it was, according to custom, screened
from view by a curtain, and on Holy Thursday
some person contrived to steal it. On Good Friday,
the archpriest of the cathedral received a note thus
conceived :—" I, the undersigned, know the thief,
and the spot in which is deposited the image of
the Madonna, and 1 will make revelations on three
conditions—impunity for myself, the release of
my brother, who is to be condemned to death,
and a pension of 10 crowns a-month.—..VENDETTA.'
The archpriest having ascertained that the
image really had beau abstracted, communicated the
strange epistle to the delegate, Mgr. Giordani. In-
stead of seeking at once for the writer of the letter,
this dignitary applied to Rome for orders, and the
Pope, fearing the total loss of the image, and the
effect that would be produced amongst the people,
directed that the first condition of the bandit should
be accepted, but that the other two should be re-
jected. Vendetta having learned this re,-olution,
spread amongst the people of Velletri the news of
the robbery of the image, which the clergy of the
cathedral had kept secret, and he write to the
clergy that he would be content with impunity
for himself and with five hundred crowns paid
down. On Saturday the people wont en masse to
the church, and waited with anxiety for the arrival
of that part of the service in which the crucifixes
and images are uncovered ; but the veil which had
covered the image of the Madonna was not removed.
On Sunday the people again went to the church, but
as the image was not displayed, they became excited,
and murmured ; and at length some of them got on
the altar, and tore down the curtain. The rumour
was then spread by friends of Vendetta that it was
the Jesuits who had stolen the Madonna ; and the
excited people, believing t he falsehood, broke into the
convent occupied by the Jesuits which is near to the
cathedral, and with cries of La Madonna novs_trreVd
completely sacked it, and ill-treated the e
%%ended
fathers. Shortly after the suffragan bishopbrezetd
the pulpit, and exhorted the people..
10 or 12 T3te •
in the church to be calm, but they
to him. There is no garrison
exce-t
sition could ba
vans in the town so that no
°ePti°shop descended
made to the mob.' olfuld vot listen
When
yncredible scene occurred;
from the pulpit,
Vendetta,a6c3ree -armed with a poignard,
addressed the people Be
the brigand
ascended it, and tohdu
fathers are innocent
patient ! Th©
°donna ! But I will only restore
who stole the Madonna
it when the government, to whom I grant a delay
till lk o shall h
nday evening, ave consented to the
conapaet I have proposed to it. Be calm, therefore,
and shout no more . I warn you, in conclusion,
that my companions are armed as well as I 1' What
followed that harangue, we have not yet learned ;
but a deputation of the municipality and chapter of
Velletri have arrived here, and have had an inter-
view with the Pope. Orders have been issued to
despatch a troop of gendarmes on horseback and a
company of Swiss infantry to Velletri to establish
order.''

LITERkTURE.

Christianity in China, Tartary, and Thibet. By
M. L'Abbe Hue, author of " The Chinese Em-
pire," tk.-7c. Vol. 111. Longman.

M. Bac proceeds with his careful and elaborate
work on the establishment and varying fortunes of
Christianity in China and its neighbouring states.
He brings down Lis rec:,rd to the commencement
of the 1.8011 century, and gives several interesting
particulars respecting the conversions in the royal
family of Prince Sourima. The n 'native comes
down to the death of the Emperor Kbang-Bi, the
contemporary of Louis XIV. The style and cha-
racter of the work is, of course, the same as its pre-
decessors, and more attractive to the readers who
sympathise with the progress and extension of
Jesuitism than to those of another faith. Never-
theless, all of unprejudiced minds will be able to
appreciate the courage and self-devotion of the mis-
sionaries, and the difficulties and dangers with
which they Lad to contend. The following descrip-
tion will give some idea of the risks they fearlessly
eiciueinitterFedreinno,temfiuuritslti
eerr,aneceolobfetrht,eihrapdlapnrscoir.aereieoa
Thed
eminent
a mission to China, and had made the necessary
introductory arrangements when death closed his
career.
His suggestions wore, however,
out by his successor, Louveii, and six Jesuit mis-
sionaries were despatched. They sailed for Batavia,
and from thence to Siam, where they arrived in
safe:3,, but they were not so fortunate in their sub-
sequent journey :
Fathers de Fontaney, Gerbillon, De Visdelou; nouveS.
and Le Comte then embarked on board a small French
vessel of the Indian Company and set sail for Macao.
" The vessel," says Father La Comte, " belonged to Mon-
' sieur Constance, and appeared to be good, but she was so
knocked about that in a few hours she began to open at
all her seams." She had, in fact, encountered one of
I those terrible typhoons that cause such fearful ravages in
the Chinese seas. The wind had become so terrific that
the sailors, losing courage, left off working the ship. The
pilot, thinking it more prudent to run ashore than to
struggle with the tempest at the risk of being swallowed in
the waves, abandoned himself to their mercy, and was
providentially cast upon the shore, without injury, behind
au island near the extremity of the kingdom of Cambodia.
The pilot declared it would be necessary to make a stay
of several months, and wait for the next monsoon, which
might enable them to get the vessel off shore, double the
points, and continue their voyage; but the missionaries,
more annoyed by the delay thee fearful of any danger
they might incur by going on, resolved to proceed by land
to Siam, in the hope of there meeting with some English
vessel bound for Canton. They plunged into the forest,
therefore—hoping to find a village and natives who might
serve them as guides—but they soon lost their way, and
then their lives wore in as great a peril on land as they
had been before in the terrible typhoon at sea. The brooks
swollen by the rains, had rendered the paths almost im-
passable; and the poor missionaries, walking barefoot
through rushing streams and fields covered with water,
were terribly tormented by the leeches and gnats, which in
those countries are the scourge of the stranger; and the
forests were besides infested Ly serpents, tigers, elephants
and buffaloes, which prevented their enjoying one mo-
ment's undisturlied repose.
There was, too, one enemy still more formidable than
these, agaiust which the wayfarers had to struggle, namely,
hunger.
As they had soon consumed the small stock of provisions
they had brought away with them, and were reduced to
distressing scarcity, they would, in all probability, have
been starved to death, but for the accidental discovery of
a village.
The inhabitants of it were not, indeed, in a position to
afford them very substamtial help, being themselves very
slenderly provided with food, but they gave them enough
to enable them to resume their march;and also showed
them the way back to their vessel, which they reached,
after a journey of fifteen days, in a state of groat ex-
haustion. These fervid and intrepid monks had now had
an opportunity of knowing what a difference there is be-
tween loving hardship and suffering in a cell, in your own
country, and putting these resolutions into practice in the
depths of forests in a remote and foreign land.
The stranded vessel was at length got into the port of
Siam, and the missionaries, after waiting there for some
months, decided try embark on board a Chinese junk that
was going to Ning-Po a considerable town of China, in
the province of Tehe-Klavg.
The following sketch of the character of the Em-
peror Khang- Hi may be interesting to those un-
acquainted with the attributes of that monarch :
When he had barely attained the age of manhood, he
had to front numerous and powerful enemies, wbo wore
attacking him on all sides; to give chase to formidable
pirates who were infesting his coasts,—to disperse the im-
mense armies of the valiant Ou-Sang-Koui, who had
excited all the southern provinces to insurrection,
—compel the Kings of Canton and Fo-Kien to sub-
' mission,—subjugate the prince of Cheni-Si,—and finally
extinguish, in the blood of the Mogul princes, the scions of
. the ancient conquerors of China, the claims that they were
endeavouring to revive. This is what Khang-Hi had to
effect when he was scarcely twenty years old; and it may
be imagined what energy and sagacity it demanded from
the young Emperor.

Khang-Hi soon learned from the missionaries attached
to his court to what a far higher degree of perfection the
arts and sciences bad been carried in the West, and ho
knew better than to follow merely the Chinese books in
such matters. He pointed out to his astonished people a
new path, into which inordinate attachment to ancient
custom, as well as mistaken presumption, had hitherto pre-
vented their entering. Ho himself cultivated the sciences
of Europe with incredible ardour ; and geometry, astro-
nomy, medicine, anatomy, and other branches of physical
n,iumee, bonlms successively the subjects of intense aprli.
cati, nto him. In the cause of art he was no less zealous
than in that of science ; he established in his pa'nce 'various
ateliers, in which he kept the most skilful and industrious
artists and workmen constantly employed, giving them the
masLerpieces of Europe as models ; painters, sculptors, en-
gravers, enamellers, artisans in steel and copper, emulated
each other in endeavouring, under the direction of Euro-
peans, to satisfy the taste of a prince who could so well
appreciate and reward works of merit.
it was this love for science and art in Khang-Hi which
procured for the missionaries a freedom of access to his
person not granted to the first dignitaries of the empire,
nor even to the princes of the blood; and in the frequent
grteoa tpsovereign
himselfse e seemed
at o
levelfor-
with mere monks, the truths of Christianity were often
gceottiNt-heresanti
ja7jnesst'yinofwthheicthhtrhonise
discussed. He could not bat appreciate the purity of the
moral system of the religion with which ho thus beegme
acquainted, and he spoke in praise of it before his whole
court, protected its ministers by a public edict, and per-
mitted its free exercise throughout his empire; but it
not, nevertheless, appear that he ever had any serious in-
tention of embracing it. If he favoured the missionaries
it was because they were useful to him, and that the
splendour of their talents shed glory on his reign.
* * * * * *

The missionaries of Pekin had been overwhelmed by the
favours of the Emperor Khang-Hi, and we need not there-
fore ba surprised at their zealous eulogies of the monarch
who had raised them above all the princes of Chins. In
speaking of the splendour of his reign, they are continu-
ally comparing him to his contemporary Louis XIV. of
France ; the " Historical Portrait of the Emperor of
China," published by Father Bouvet in 1697, carries
out in detail the parallel between the two sovereigns,
and Louis XIV., who could not but be flattered by it,
several times testified his esteem for Khang-Hi, with-
out breaking through the custom of the Kings of Franc",
of not sending embassies to China for fear of compromis-
ing their dignity.
Mirabeau says somewhere, in speaking of Louis XIV.,
that he was the most Cliental king of the West ; and when
we see in what honour the arts and sciences were hold at
Pekin during the reign of Khang-Ili, may we not say that
he was the most Western monarch of the East ?
The work is, of course, far from its completion,
and is yet some distance from the record of the
labours of M. L'Abbe Hue himself. The attention
which has lately been directed to the Celestial Em-
pire and the Mongolian dominions will probably
ensure for this work an extensive circulation, inde-
pendently of the authority attaching to its author's
name and position among those of his own creed.
The writer has contrived to invest a somewhat
tedious subject with some degree of interest, and to
advance another step in his laberious undertaking
Iwith credit to himself and satisfaction to his
yea. lets.

The Mohawk Chief. By the author of " The Fall

that
ahwranr:°:reglidi nest,singid:ltitnlnoaiedin::
of the Nan Soueg.- 3 vols. Newby.
In the preface to this work we are told that the
oa if 1 tliiitoerraiar
literary contention,"
youngeonte t
iaodn
,v,e, natnuarer
thin i u
facttlie affords
vastrd room
for the charitable hope that time and ex_ypesern3ieennot:
may give him the opportunity for imperoon
They may teach him that fine writing_
and
something more than the transposli:nrsgf,;‘
miss
;,,
mtheenudseoonfotthuessueaclolnyd person singular
that the grand melo-dramatic
Abandoned to the
an Indian
stleiheoohleroof Thee
i hefoine;h but,: it is true,
novelty to the
ow_orthe
chief being the
t„oinilcisgyolln.acirrriteaveiffdlteeioesyteefotassrcootnnifoooerft
stion every allowance can be
me eingar.ty of Sher civilised lover
o f the
taste
teh et ae
fv.o.hrenth
is taken inetore,
der will, no doubt, be astonished
made. 11112:„,,e of a previous work on the title-
to see the name
, style of the wr.ter, and the occasional
Pge, '-`--
of his ideas and sentences, would seem
to
c.nfas,oll _
mark this as a first attempt. Should he ever
Inaa third attempt, we should strongly recom-
end him to revise it most carefully, and expunge
rile vulgarity and coarseness which offend the
reader le this work ; to abandon the attempt at
eloquence, which is certainly a forlorn hope ; to
condense and simplify ; to refine and revise ; and
then, possibly, he may produce a work whioh will
afford satisfaction to lovers of the very romantic
and desptrate school of fiction.

I.:LIE LATE FIRE IN ALDGATE.—The adjourned cora-
l? s inq est was brought to a close yesterday, when the
jury, alter a cart.f ul summing up by the coroner, an-
n \tinned that they were unanimous in their verdict,
vsli;ch was that the premises bad been wilfully set on
fine by the two persons who were seen to leave thehouse
I at or near 9 o'clock at night; but who those persons,
were there was not sufficieut evidence to prove.
ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.—At a meeting of the
• council of the College, on the 14th last , Mr. Thomas
Wormald, one of the surgeons of St. Bartholoceew's
' Hospital was elected a member of the Court of Examiners
in the vacancy occasioned by the decease of Mr.
Benjamin Travers, Serjeant Surgeon to her Majesty.
On the same cezasion the Jacksonian prize was awarded
to Mr. Alfred Poland, of Guy's Hospital, for his essay
on gun shot wounds and their treatment,

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.-CIESTEEDAY.)
The SPEAKILIi took the chair at 12 o'clock.
PRIVATE BUSINESS.
The following bills were considered and ordered to be
read a third time—Aberdare Water; Liverpool Ex-
change ; Merthyr Tydfil Water.
PETITIONS.
Petitions were presented from various places in Ire-
land in favour of the Tenant Right Bill, and for legalis-
ing marriage with a deceased wife's sister.
TENANTS' COM.PENSATION (IRELAND) BILL.
Mr. MAGUIRE moved the second reading of this bill.
The question was one of the greatest magnitude and im-
portance, involving not only the welfare and prosperity
of the people of Ireland, but of the whole empire, because
the condition of the people of Ireland greatly affected
the manufacturing districts of England and through them
the transactions of the Stock Exchange and the Bank of
England. Ireland was an agricultural country, and when
anything occurred to distress the agricultural population
similar to the failure of the potato crop, bankruptcy
and ruin followed, the effects of vhich ware greatly
felt in England. When that calamity occurred in 1847
the social fabric of Ireland was shaken. It was insecure
at the present moment, and if a similar storm to that
which desolated that country in 1847 were to sweep over
it again, it would be found there was neither strength
nor stability in that country to resist its fury. (Hear.)
it was therefore wise for the Legislature to consider hnooww
to avoid, if possible, a repetition of that
nd calamity,was
held in
that they were in a state of quiet.
Ireland not by lease, but by will ; anad it had been
asserted that the evils complained of in Ireland were not
owing to the tenure of land in that country, but to over-
population and thesmallness of the farms. He considered
such views imaginary—he held that at no time was the
population of Ireland unequal to the resources of that
country. Supposing the population of Ireland were not
fully employed, it would have been much better for that
Country if the persons who advocated the quack nostrum
of draining the country of its population had provided
the real want—that of employment for developing the
resources of the countrycontended that if the
land had been properly cultivated there would nut have
been enough labourers in Ireland. The hon. member
quoted from various works in proof of his assertion ;
and in reference to the smallness of the holdings in Ire-
land, he said that in Ulster in 1841 there were
over 234,000 farms with an acreage of 3,460,000
arable land ; and in Munster 162,000 farms, and an
acreage of 3,874,000 arable land. In Ulster farms from
one to three acres were one-third of the entire country,
and from 5 to 15 acres 100,000, and in Munster 61,000,
which he thought showed the miseries of Ireland were
not to be attributed to the smallness of the farms, and
Mr. Bluckler had said that a farmer in Ireland could live
on three acres of land, and pay high rent for it, provided
he followed a certain system of agricultural treatment.
In 1841 the entire number of farms in Ireland was
635,000 ; but in 1351 there were only 570,000, showing
a decrease of 115,000 farms. Farms from one to three
acres had been reduced from 310,000 in 1841, to 88,000
in 1851 ; from 5 to 15 acres, from 252,000 in 1341, to
191,000 in 1851, showing a reduction of 60,000 ; farms
from 15 to 30 acres, which .sera considered large
in Ireland, had increased from 79,000 in 1841,
to 141,000 in 1851 ; and from 30 acres and upwards,
from 48,000 in 1841, to 149,000 in 1851. He
thought these figures showed that the complaint
cf the smallness of farms in Ireland had been done
away with, and he presumed no:gentlemau would, in the
face of those facts, assert that the cause of the misery
elating in Ireland was owing to surplus population and
small holdings. (Hear, hear.) The effect of the ex-
isting system in Ireland was tope rpetuate persecution
and tyranny. Tenants were made dependent that land-
lords might demand their services on the day of election,
and have complete control over them. Numberless acts
of w:ong had been done under this system to tenants
from religious motives, or by those who prostituted reli-
gion for their own miserable objects. (Hear, hear.)
This was a state of things that ought not to exist. The
persons on whom the prosperity of the country rested
ought to have the fruits of their industry protected, as
well as from the tyranny aud avarice of the landlords.
The hon. member quoted several cases of persecution
uader the present system, which be said called for pro-
tection. 11 changes he proposed were made, Ireland
would bloom like a garden, for there would not be a
single square foot of laud that would not be reclaimed,
if it were possible to do so by the magic of human in-
dustry. (Hear, hear.) He brought forward this ques-
tion as a private member, because her Majesty's
Government had abdicated their functions. They had
played, toyed, and shuttlecocked with the question till
a feeling had arisen in Ireland that would ultimately com-
pel her Majesty's Government to take it up and
carry it successfully through every stage. The
people of Ireland were sickened with the treachery
of the Government and the blind obstinacy of those who
could not see that their own prosperity was bound up ,
with that of the people.
The O'DONOGHOE seconded the motion. He said
that all classes in Ireland were agreed on legislation on
this subject, and it was but right that the feeling of the
people should be respected. lie had never heard the
principle of the bill condemned in Ireland. It was ru-
moured they were to have, in a few months, a dissolu-
tion, and if it took place before the passing of this bill,
he ventured to predict, from the feelings of the people of
Ireland, that every gentleman who offered himself to the
county constituencies, would declare himself in favour
of tanani: rivht_ Tn formyr timed the ^vases of t6o soil
prided themselves on the number of persons on their
estates ' • but now the country was tenant-
less and man was considered by many an inconve-
nient and unprofitable animal. This bill was a
political and social necessity, and he asked the house to
listen to the voice of the people of Ireland, and accede
to the motion. Of late there bad been three predomi-
nant passions in Ireland conducing to the evils com-
plained of. One was the acquisition of land through
the Encumbered Estates Court, the result of which was
that the new owners introduced richer tenants or
took the law in their own hands, leading to evic-
tion, and leaving the Irish to one of three
alternatives, starvation, the workhouse, or compulsory
emigration. The second passion was the enlargement of
farms ; and the third the diminution of the poor-rates.
To accomplish them satisfactorily, the removal of the
population was thought necessary—either by eviction
or the withholding of all inducements for the labouring
population to remain at home, which eventually led to
emigration. He thought speculation in land should be
checked, and the formation of large farms discounte•
nanced.
Sir J. WA LSH admitted that this was as much an
English as an Irish question. He declined to follow
the mover of the second reading of the bill into the par-
ticular cases of grievances he had referred to, many, if
not all of them being cx parte statements, drawn from
various parts of the country, and capable of explanation,
an instance of which he gave in the case of Mr. Pulock,
a Scotch gentleman, whose conduct on a former occa-
sien was condemned as a harsh landlord, but which, on
t•rplanation, showed him to be a benefactor
to the people of the district in which he resided. The
honourable baronet complained that the honourable
member had not given the house a sketch of the
manner in which he proposed by the bill to deal with
tenant:right. Lord Derby, in 1852, and the late Govern-
ment, were open t• the charge of having done too much
in dealing with the qut scion with a view to its settle-
ment. In 1852 the present Lord Chancellor of Ireland
introduced a measure for that object, by giving retro-
spective Compensation, but which he afterwards felt
obliged to limit, peel it was rejected in the House of
Lords. A second attempt vs as made in 1855 by Mr.
Sharman Crawford and Mr. Sergt. Shee without success.
In 1856 Mr. Moore took it up, but ultimately withdrew
his bill. The hon. baronet said the subject ought to be
met in a proper manner, discussed and deciOed on. The
course pursued was unsatn•factory. It unsettled the
tenants, and was inconvenient to landlords. The agita-
tion of the question engendered a spirit of discontent
and hostility between landlords and tenants destructive
of those relations and benefits that ought to and would
result from a generous and cordial co-operation between
them. The principle of the bill was not what its title im-
plied. It contained nine clauses, six of which could boat
be discussed in committee. Tee principle of the bi I was
contained in the first clause, by which it was proposed
" that all improvements in the soil," as well as in the
buildings by the tenant should be taken to be the pro-
perty of such tenant, subject to certain restrictions. He
complained that the wording of the clause was too wide,
for it laid down the principle that the owner of the soil
had, no property in it, and converted him into a rent-
charger. (Hear, hear.) He considered, at great
length, the principle of the bill. Emigration had
been a great blessing to Ireland. From all the informa-
tion he could obtain, he believed that Ireland was im-
proving, that agriculture was there progressing, and
that in many parts of the country people cared little
or nothing about tenant right. A landholder was not
a mere recipient of rests. He was an active partner,
and not a sleeping partner, because the landlord's fate
rest was necessarily united with the tenants, in the im-
provement of the land. The tenant was dependant on
the landlord for improvements, and his control was
ari integral and necessary part of the agri-
'cultural improvements while the bill seeme I originated
solely with the cultivators of the soil. The till, if passed,
would be an entire confiscation of the rights of property.
lie
concluded by moving that the bill be read a second
time this day six months.
The amendment having been seconded,
Mr. J. D. FITZGERALI) supported the second
reading of the bill, believing its principle would
secure the rights of one and give protection to
the other. He declined to enter into the details
of the bill on •
himself to HU its second reading, but confined
that had been eieriiiivting its
principle a principle
the house. In com-
mittee he should be prepared affipsireedd toby introduce such safe-
guards as would make it
lie, and beneficial both to the
landlord and the tenant,spoke of the oppression of
landlords in Ireland towards their tenants. It had come
perpetratedd in
under hie notice that many of the cr
Ireland were to be traced to the habititnofeelan lords giving
their tenants year by year notice to quit. lie traced
j
what had been done towards legislating on this subject,
and said that all parties were pledged to the principle
involved, which was based on justice, Ireland was now
in a peaceful and prosperous state, affording a fitting
opportunity for legislation. If the history of crime in
Ireland were traced it would be found to have proceeded
`from the unsettled state of the relations between land-
lord and tenant. The most improving and flourishing
part of Ireland was where landlords granted leases to
their tenants. He denied that giving compensation to
tenants would confiscate the rights of property, and
turn the owner of the soil into a rent-cbarger. The
rynt of India enjoyed a safer holding than the Irish
tenant.
Lei d PALMERSTON said his right hon, friend why

last spoke ha'l mistaken the leading principle of the bill.
It was different to that of former bills, and appeared to
him to have the effect as described by the hon. baronet who
had moved the amendment, of transferring the property
of one set of persons to another and very different set of
persons. (Hear.) The principle he maintained was that
the mutual relations between parties should be left to be
dealt with by each other, and any interference was ob
jectionable. In Ireland, however, there might be cases
which rendered a departure from that principle neces-
sary, but it should be limited with conditions, and it
was on that principle they had hitherto acted. The com-
pensation proposed in former bills had been prospective
compensation limited to things visible to the eye, and
capable of distinct valuation. He could not consent to
such a sweeping change in the relations of parties as pro-
posed by the bill, and therefore he should oppose its
second reading.
Mr. HASSARD supported the amendment.
Mr. CAIRD supported the second reading of the bill,
on the ground that it proposed to protect the rights of
property. Land was valueless without the application
of labour and capital, and surely the latter were en-
titled to the respect and protection of the house.
Lord N A.A.S opposed the bill, because he thought it
wouldinfringe in the most direct way on the sacred rights
of property without really giving compensation to tenants.
The object to be kept in view in legislating on this sub-
ject was, that compensation should be prospective, and
improvements made with the consent of the landlord.
The bill contained the principle that had been on more
than one occasion stated publicly, that the owners of
land in Ireland were only entitled to the value of the
land in its wilderness state, and if adopted would re-
duce the value of land one-half. It would be a gre,t
breach of faith to those who had purchased
estates in the Encumbered Estates Court. -Under this
bill the tenants would be able to claim for buildings,
improvements, kc., alleged to have been erected and
carried out by them.
Mr. DEASY moved the adjournment of the debate.
Lord NA AS opposed the motion, which was ulti-
mately agreed to, i.nd the debate adjourned to the 9,h
of June. _ _

The other orders were agreed to, and the home ad
journed at half-past 5 o'clock.

TRIAL OF BERNARD.

[The following appeared in part of our impressiun of yes

terday :I

- _
Pierre Ferdinand Ontrequin, examined by the Attor-
ney-General—l reside at 277, Rue St. Denis, in Paris.
lam a dealer in silks. I have known the prisoner
Bernard since 1854. I recollect on one occasion the pri-
soner spoke to me with regard to some particular dye for
silk. He asked me for a pattern to experiment upon,
and knowing he was acquainted with chemistry I gave
him what he required. This took place in Landon in
1854. I have since corresponded with him commercially.
I recollect his introducing an Eoglish gentleman to me
of the name of Hodge. He came to Paris on a visit.
The prisoner also introduced another Englishman to me.
His name was Allsop. I have since seen the person the
prisoner introduced to me as Al!sop in the prison of La
Roquette. It was Orsini. It was after hie condemna-
tion, one day before his execution. The letter handed to
me is the one in which Orsini was introduced to me
under the name of Allsop. It is in the handwriting of
the prisoner Bernard, as far as I can say.
(The letter was here read by the interpreter. It was
a letter of introduction, speaking of the bearer as a good
English friend of his who had arrived in Paris to spend
a few pounds, and requested that witness would give all
the assistance he could to the bearer.)
Examination of witness continued—Toe person I then
knew as Allsop brought the letter to me himself. It was

_
Orsini.
(Another letter addressed to witness was here read.
It requested him to endeavour to dispose of SOlllO
magnificent revolvers which he was about to consign
to hire.)
Examination continued Hodge delivered this
latter to me personally. I received the letter now shown
to me a short time before I received the parcel containing
the pistols. I afterwards received a package. The oil
cloth produced formed the cover. It contained two re-
volver pistols in cases. I can't swear that the pistols
I produced are the same. Allsop (Orsini) came on the
day I received the pistol,. He spoke to me of the letter
in which Bernard requested that the rstols might be
given to him. Orsini said I was to sell them and not
pay any regard to what Bernard said about them in his
letter. I accordingly kept them with the intention of
selling them. Orsini called upon me about every day to
ask me if I had sold the pistols. Not having succeeded
in disposing of the pistols Allsop (Orsini) took one away
in the case. I did not deliver the other pistol myself.
It was taken away in my absence, After Allsoie (Orsini)
had taken away the pistol he called on me one Sunday
and we went to the Hotel de France et Campagne. It ,
was the Sunday before the attempt. The reason I went
with him was that he asked me to direct him to the
hotel, and being disengaged I went with him to show I
him the place. He told me he expected to make one of 1
his German friends take the pistol,. The name of his ,
friends he said was Pierri. I afterwards saw Pierri at ,
No. 10, Rue Montabor, Allsop's (Orsini's) lodgings, but j
I don't recollect the day. Previous to the attempt All-
sop (Orsini) called sever.l times at my house. The last
time I saw Orsini was the Sunday previous to the attack
on the life of the Emperor. I was repaid by Allsop
(Orsini) for cavriage of the pistols 25f. 55e., and also 20f.
or 25f. which I had given to the man for tink.
Cross examined by Mr. James—A piece of pitch or
00.1 woo 1u tlio patuold, it was addressed to " NI. Cavaii
loft.'' I don't know such a person. The pitch and pistols ,
arrived in the same parcel. It seemed to have been
opened at the custom-house. When Orsini came to get
the first box containing the pistols I was from home. He
said I was to pay no attention to the directions of Bernard
with respect to the destination of the pistol. I had
tried to dispose of the pistols. I never refused to allow
Orsini to ta'-;e ane of the pistols away. I am no judge
of pistols. I am certain each of the pistols bad five
chambers. I was not arrested by the police. I was
not threatened with arrest. I was examined at my own
house by a person belonging to the prefecture of police.
Madame Outrequin—l am wife of the last witness. I
knew Orsini. I saw him in December. He was ac-
companied by an Englishman named Hodge. Orsini
came to oar house the day the pistols arrived. I remem•
ber Orsini taking away one of the pistols. On the Sun-
day following the other pistol was taken away by another
!Jerson. I did not know him at the time. I asked his
name and he said it was Pierri, and that he was residing
at the Hotel de France. I have since seen this person
in the Conciergerie. A lady called fur the coat but I
could not find it. I afterwards found it and gave it to
the police.
Sergeant Williamson, of the detective police, examined
by the Attorney-General—l apprehended the prisoner
and took possession of his papers. There was no pass-
port en his person or among his papers.
Sergeant Rogers—l took possession of a portion of
the prisoner's papers. lam certain a passport was not
amongst them.
Sergeant Smith—l served the prisoner with notice to
produce his passport. It was at the House of Detention.
He said it was destroyed and burnt.
By Mr. James—He did not say the police must have.
it. I will swear he did not.
The Attorney-General—l must now give secondary
evidence.
Mr. Weex proved that on the 7th of December a pass-
port was granted to the prisoner for Belgium and Ger-
many.
Lacroix, a person employed at the Hotel de la Mon-
naie, proved that the prisoner arrived at Brussels on the
25th Dec., and produced a passport which was issued on
the 7th of the same month.
Mr. Weex, re-called—ln August, 1851, a Foreign-
office passport, granted to Mr. Thomas Allsop, was sent
to be vised. This passport was found in Orsini's room

in Paris.
Mr. Wich, the Belgian vice-consul, proved that the
passport was vised for Thomas Allsopp. Tbe description
of this person answered in every particular with the per-
son of the real Thomas 111 sop,
Mr. Banks, a gentleman from the Portuguese consu-
late, proved that a passport was granted on the 7th of
Jan. to Jose Ant mio Da Silva. Da Silva did no sign
the passport—some person did it for him.
Mr. James—This passport is granted to Da Silva to
go to Oporto. How does it happen that a person gets
into Paris with it, I should like to know. lam unac-
quainted with the passport system. (Laughter.)
Witness—l cannot tell. lam as winch surprised as
anybody. (Laughter.)
Mr. Weex was again r<called, and in answer to ques-
tions, said that many persons intending to travel direct
to Spain Lir Portugal, but finding no steamer ready at
the time, change their arrangements and go overland,
when it becomes necessary to have the passport wised II
for France, in order that they might pass through that
country to reach their destination.
M. Remez, examined by the Attorney-General—l am
inspector of police. 1 arrested the prisoner Rudio.
Eliza Rudio, EX 'mined by Mr. Welsby—l am the wife
of Carlo Rudio. I have been married to him three years.
In December last I and my husband were living at
Bateman's buildings, %oho. We occupied the front
I room on the third floor. My husband was out of em-
ployment. We had no means of living except what we
had given to us. We have one child. At that time we
were in great distress. While we were in this state the
prisoner Bernard first came. It was after Christmas. I
had never seen him before. My husband was from hf me
when he came. He was shown up to our room. The
fir .t thing he asked W 33 whether I was Mrs. Rudio, and
whether myahnudshbeantdnehnadsagidotheemwpalsovyemryeneto.tr)l, told
that
tnt
ho had not,
He gave me two shillings, and
ob'celtoweeke.n
ten
husband. I told him lie
afterwards
seein
gaufitreerdhai tub
0. u t
my
twhoeunldsabide ath
Lei!, and I told him he
and eleven. He asked about a •
e wh home a
call
aal about oaugt a
in half
that
paats tf
nightour
t ay,
did not
mmyushtursinbgantdwic,aesfotrougs,oand,ol
mhne tthoenhismai.d
Nwhoetnhiand rhwe etnaonrn:
passed on this occasion.
shaeyarwd htabte bheell crainmge about. Betweenr:emwy ehr 'm
'nBb‘atne a
husband
erd
.iing ealvte
hum
ntnle
about ten minutes or a quarter of an hour. On one occa-
sion when the bell rang twice my husband went down
and returned to our room with some money. This was
about a day or two after the first visit of the prisoner. It
broughtws
oanse
rateantali gts: wuittht
b.Whmh byeicnnh my husband came up stairs he
.usbOanndanwoather occasion the
atshaebporait-
nine at night, He came ups toot' 'my room. He
asked me if my husband had got any
said not many. He asked if he cges. I
bad got stockings and
shirts. I said he had only got enough for a chloth
asked if he bad a coat. I told him he bad, but an
it -
wase.He
I,ledg e. He then asked if he had trousers
and
in
sait.tcoat. I said no ; and he then said he
e o mld get my husband some clothes. He asked ,
we how my husband carried his luggage about whoa