The Sun.
London, England, 1867-07-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOINUON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 9 1867.

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that were expected, from having settled the point
of the " Cumulative Vote, on Friday; it was the last
thing of much consequence that stopped the way of
progress, and that being no longer in the way there
was no cause to fear stoppage. The Ministry have
had a hard struggle in many parts of this discussion,
and even in committee it has not been all smooth
sailing. The redistribution scheme has not been
so tiresome as was the franchise part of the bill,
but still it has been vexatious in its carrying out,
and those really desirous of coming to, a settlement
must rejoice that the general features of the scheme
are now decided upon. Mr. DISRAELI strove in vain,
it is true, to bring first-rate members to his way
of thinking, but notwithstanding this was par-
tially effected, and that of a significant character.
An early day will no doubt be fixed upon for
sending up the bill to the House of Lords, a con-
summation earnestly to be desired. It is indeed
high time for the Upper House to have the oppor-
tunity of considering the measure; and even those
most unfavourable to that assembly must admit that
their patience has been sorely tried by the long
course of delay which has ensued, and no doubt as
soon as the bill is before them there will be mani-
fest signs of impatience, and innumerable hints
given of the shortness of time left, and the necessity
for closing the Session, and so on.
Mr. GLADSTONE has kept to what he said at
Easter to the letter, but he has not fulfilled his pro-
mise in the spirit, for he has lost no opportunity of
insinuating evil things against the measure, and of
declaring that there are many drawbacks to its
merits. Last night he made another onslaught,
but to little purpose. The House and the
country also for that matter have had enough, and
more than enough, of talking about Reform, and
they anxiously desire that actions should take the
place of words, and practice succeed to profession.
Mr. GLADSTONE'S idea is that any measure of Par-
liamentary Reform should be complete, and one
part as good as another ; but who is to de-
cide the point, and how long should we
have to wait for the desirable end being
obtained ? The right hon. gentleman made
an attempt to increase the representation of South
Lancashire, but so little favour did it find with the
Committee that it was negatived without a division.
We think that Mr. GLADSTONE made a great mis-
take in the tone in which he addressed the House
last night ; it partook, too much of the fighting
spirit of the early days of the Session, instead
of the calm, deliberative character applicable
to the present state of things. IVith a skill
worthy of a better cause he turned the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer's arguments against
himself, by declaring here was an opportunity
afforded for carrying out his own principle of giving
additional representation to counties. Mr.
DISRAELI showed, in answer to this, that he had
already sufficiently considered the claims of Lan-
cashire, as it had received eight of the forty-five
seats to be dealt with. At any rate we should
think that Mr. GLADSTONE must have found out
that his attempts are quite ineffectual to disturb the
serenity of the Committee, and that it is idle to
talk of adjourning the matter to another year.
Colonel GILPIN'S amendment gave rise to more
discussion, and it was finally rejected by a majority
of twenty-nine, which result was hailed by loud
cheers from the Ministerial benches. The object
of this clause was to change the plan of striking
the four places out of Schedule B, and to deprive of
one member the four Parliamentary boroughs next
above the line of ten thousand inhabitants. The
Chancellor of the Exchequer explained that this
proposal would not answer at all, and that it would
disturb the settlement of that part of the question
connected with the amendments of Mr. LAING and
Sergeant GASELEE. Mr. GLADSTONE made a
strenuous effort to support the scheme, and Colonel
GILPIN also exhibited more zeal than discretion in
his reply ; but fate was against them, and this may
well be looked upon as the last struggle of any
consequence in the management of the Bill.
Very little change will have been made
in the scheme of redistribution proposed
by Mr. DISRAELI after the Whitsuntide
holidays; and it is just as well that it should be so,
for few if any of the changes submitted to the com-
mittee that have been withdrawn, negatived, or de-
feated, entertained any elements of a more promis-
ing nature, or appeared of a more perfect character.
Some excitement was created in the debate on the
subject of Colonel GILPIN'S amendment, from the
circumstance of the members of the threatened bo-
roughs doing battle for their respective constituents.
Mr. DENMAN put forward the claims of Tiverton to
double representation on the score of its having so
long returned Lord PALMERSTON ; but that was a
curious sort of argument, because any one might
reasonably suppose that it was an honour to have
so distinguished a statesman as its representative.
Altogether yesterday's work was well accomplished,
and the Committee may turn to fresh fields and
pastures now in the consideration of the schedules
with renewed hope and energy, and with every
prospect of success.

Our communications with foreign nations and
with our own colonies and dependencies aro already
so extensive and important, and are so steadily on
the increase, that the question of the rate of postage
is ono of some consequence. English letters are
constantly en route over the whole area of the
habitable globe. Every sea and channel is bearing
its mails, every railway line is used as a postal
highway. They are passing at the same moment
over deserts and mountains, among the wildest soli-
tudes of nature ; they are arriving at the lonely
islands of the great oceans, where few besides
Englishmen and savages are to be found. Nearer
home, in our own cities and tow
letters are as much a part of the daily and
provinces,
letters routine
existence as the daylight itself. It cannot, there-
fore, be said that anything concerning the manage-
ment of the Post-office is of limited and partial in-
terest. Neither can the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer afford to despise its contributions to the
Treasury. Every quarter the Post-office occupies
a prominent place in the tables, and always
on the sunny side of the balance-sheet. Its id-
crease more than keeps pace with the anticipations
of the most sanguine financiers. And this is not
surprising if we consider that every year our com-
munications with abroad are increasing, and that
education is also making progress. Every emigrant,
every traveller, every sailor, naturally Avishes to let
those at home know what he is doing and seeing
while the vast commercial transactionsalways going
on naturally require a corresponding amount of
letter writing. Under these circumstances we are
not surprised that a question should have been put
to the Chancellor of the Exchequer last evening
with reference to the desirability of extending
the system of cheap postage to all foreign and
friendly governments. Mr. DISRAELI'S answer was
in some respects satisfactory. Within the past few
weeks, he said, the Government had signed a postal
convention with the United States, under which,
after the Ist of January next, the postage between
the two countries will be reduced from one shilling
to sixpence the half ounce letter. This will be a
great boon to many of our poorer emigrants and
their families, and au advantage in every respect,
as our postal communications with the States is of

immellSe extent and importance. Negotia-
tions with Peru, Chili, and other States,
are going on with, the object of re-
ducing the postage stamp, though without
much success. War and commotions have so re-
tarded the progress and development of the South
American Republic that they have had little chance
of adopting the principles of political economy.
Tho postage between this country and Denmark,
Sweden, and Holland has, as Mr. DISRAELI re-
minded the House, been greatly reduced during the
last few years, and he also stated that most of the
proposals for such reduction emanated from this
country, while no reas inably fair offer was ever
refused by us. Ile promised that the subject
should not be lost sight of, and we hope that
members on both sides will take care to keep him
to his word.

As for the proposal for making a reduction of
charges during the French Exhibition, the Go-
vernment were wise not to entertain it. The plea-
sure-seekers of Paris and London can alike afford to
pay the regular charge, which is not exorbitant
There is one reform, however, which is loudly called
for, and the grievance presses very heavily in some
quarters. We allude to the triple charge made on
a letter that is overweight. The sender pays the
usual amount, and his letter is perhaps but
a fraction over the half ounce. The receiver
has thereupon to pay double the usual
charge, so that the Post Office makes a clear profit
out of the transaction, and is therefore interested in
proving a letter overweighted. This is a manifest
imposition on the public, for which there is no ex-
cuse, and it is only surprising it should have been
so long tolerated. In the case of a poor family re-
ceiving an anxiously-expected letter from a relative
in one of the colonies, the money required for the
doulbe charge may be actually not forthcoming, and
the letter may be lost. Two shillings are not
always at hand and to spare, and why they
should be demanded, in addition to the one
already paid on the letter may well be asked. It
is hard enough for an ordinary letter to be thus
paid for three times over, when the scale, perhaps,
has only trembled in the balance, but when the
overcharge amounts to sixpences and shillings, it
becomes more annoying. The Chancellor of the
Exchequer, if he is inclined to do a popular action,
should see that this charge is remitted, and only
the deficit demanded upon delivery of the letter.
We all know that the Post-office can very well
afford to be honest, and its administrators had
better follow the old advice, and be just before they
are generous in enriching the Treasury at the
expense of those who can often very ill afford it.

by Mr. Philip H. Howard, of Corby Castle, near
Carlisle, and formerly member of Parliament. 'I he
articles in question are the "grace cup" of St. Thomas
h Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury. This is not
a chalice, but a drinking cup used at grace. It is
named in the will of Sir Edward Howard, who left
it to Katherine of Aragon ; but as that Queen died
before him, it remained in the family, and came
into the possession of the then head of the
family, the Earl of Arundel, who had married
Anne Sacre, and lived at Greystoke Castle, Cum-
berland. This article must be looked to with pecu-
liar interest by archaeologists and historians, and
indeed by the visitors generally. The other will be
considered of peculiar importance by the Catholic
world. It is the celebrated rosary of Mary Queen
of Scots, sent to Melville, her secretary, on the
scaffold to the E irl of Arundel, "as the last token
of affection to a family who had suffered so much
for her." In Melville's Memoirs will be found
some interesting particulars to those who may be
desirous to know more about this valuable relic.
The Earl was the son of Thomas fourth Duke of
Norfolk, who was executed, and the dukedom was
not revived till a subsequent period. Visitors and
the public generally will no doubt fully
appreciate the artistic taste and liberality of
Mr. Howard which has prompted that gentleman
to allow the public access to such a rich addition to
the wonders of the Exhibition, of articles so valu-
able to that family, in reference to which the great
poet alluded in the celebrated lines—.
"Naught can ennoble fools, or slaves, or cowards—
No, not all the noble blood of all the Rewards."
Not the least interesting article connected with
the Exhibition is the " Tourniquet Compteur," or
mechanism which, with unerring certainty, controls
the exact number who pass through the turnstile.
It was manufactured by M. Detouche of the Rue
St. Martin, to whom France is indebted for the most
wonderful specimens of clockwork ever known.
The tourniquet on this system, it appears, was first
manufactured expressly for the Universal Exhibi-
tion of Paris of 1855, and, having undergone inspec-
tion by a scientific commission, it has been since
adopted at all exhibitions and public establishments
where it is necessary to check the number of per-
sons who pass through it. Although so accurate
simple, and such is the cele-
tbhreit
ymeoefhatnhiissmunis very simple,
machine that it is in use
throughout France, in Spain, in Russia, Italy, and
elsewhere. It might be very advantageously
adopted for similar use in England. One great
advantage is ttat extraction of the money received
Ls impossible.

LATEST INTELLIGENCF.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

;UTC.

THE ABYSSINIAN CAPTIVES.

Mrs. Stern has received the following letter from
r husband, one of the captives in Abyssinia :
" Magdala, May 1, 1867.
_ _

" My dear Charlotte,—Another month has passed
since I last wrote to you, a month like all the rest
in this miserable prison life, full of anxious care
and wearisome inactivity. Sometimes I squat
down and try to beguile the tedious hours by
writing sketches of sermons, and when my thoughts
become confused I divert my mind—and a sad di-
version it is—by diffusing on closely-written pages
the varied incidents of our painful captivity. I
would occasionally furnish you with my pen's me-
lancholy effusions were it not imprudent to keep
anything of so compromising a character around
me. It is astonishing to think that in the wilds of
Africa the greatest caution should be requisite in
the expression of one's ideas. The very notion of
such a thing makes one smile, and yet it is no less
strange than true that a single sentence, and that,
too, couched in a foreign language, may by the evil
disposed be perverted into the most wilful, selfish,
and mischievous purpose. I once thought that
human nature, notwithstanding its fall, still retained
something of its original noble stamp ; but bitter
experience has dispelled the pleasing illusion, and
convinced me that the heart of man is the most de-
ceptive, mobilious, and dangerous thing in creation.
In our immediate neighbourhood matters have not
much mended since my last. The King is still pur-
suing his work of devastation in the provinces that
are subject to his doubtful sway. The rebels, too,
with the disaffected peasantry for their allies, are
doing their utmost to resent the cauelties of their
lately owned ruler and acknowledged chief. It
is, however, evident that affairs must come to a
crisis and an early solution. The ruthless ferocity
of the King has exhausted the patience of the most
timid and servile, and all appear now to be animated
by ono doop and ardent passion—viz., the overthrow
of the tyrant. The army he once had at his behest
is scattered in bands of rebels over the country ; and
as he can never recruit again his incredibly dimini.hed
hordes, he will either be forced to make this Amba
his last asylum and tomb, or, followed by a few
faithful adherents, and the most valuable captives,
seek a home in the marshy jungles and entangled
feverish villages of the lowlands. Whatever the

issue of the contest may be, our prospects, humanly
speaking, are anything but bright. God, certainly,
can deliver us, and if we continue to trust in Him
everything may be overruled in mercy and compas-
sionate wisdom for our good. We have friends near
and around us, but in this land cupidity and avarice
dissolve every bond, even the most tender and sacred
—and, after all that has transpired, the pettiest and
most contemptible chieftain, if he gets us into his
power, may think that by retaining in his clutches
a few defenceless Europeans he will make his for-
tune. Should the Metropolitan survive the ever-
growing confusion, we shall have an honest and dis-
interested friend ; but this, like everything else, is
still problematical. About a fortnight ago all the
European employe's, with the exception of two old

men, were, together with their wives and children
and their property, with Mrs. Rosenthal and Mrs.
Flad, seized. The motives which prompted his
Majesty to adopt such measures of severity towards
individuals who have always been most subservient
and obsequious to his whims is still a mystery. The
King brought various trumpery charges against
them, which they repelled with energy. Their pro-
perty has been partially restored to them, but they
are confined in Debra Tabor, where they are
guarded, but not chained. It is said that the report
of Mr. Flad's returning without the artisans, &c.,
furnished the ostensible cause for their imprison-
melit. This outburst of unprovoked resentment
augurs nothing auspicious for us, and probably
our position, as the majority of us ex-
pected, will not be enhanced by Mr. Flad's return.
Negotiations and delays might have averted the
storm, but now, as it seems looming nearer and
nearer, we will say "rhy will be done.' You and
all interested in our liberation, notwithstanding all
that has been written from hence, must have been
grievously deceived about the character of the King.
Presents with another man might have effected our
deliverance, but King Theodorus, though not loth
to accept the one, wants the hostages as well—a
security, as he imagines, for ever increasing conces-
sions. I am quite prepared for every emergency,
and therefore do not trouble myself about the fu-
We have a God who is not confined to space
or locality, and if we faithfully confide in Him, He
may in the hour of the greatest extremity discomfit
the wicked and preserve His own.

" May 2.

" I will just add a line to my letter of yesterday,
as it is doubtful whether the opportunity for writing
will not before many days become exceedingly diffi-
cult, if not absolutely impossible. The return of
Mr. Flad, the disappointment of the King in not
obtaining the requested accession to his white vic-
tims, and the consciousness that neither intrigue
nor cunning will avail him to extort fresh conces-
sions from the British Government, or the genero-
sity of British Christians, all combine to bring be-
fore long our melancholy and doleful history to a
crisis. Every day, nay, every hour, we expect to
be transferred to the common prison, and to get
hand chains again. Only a week ago upwards of
200 prisoners, among whom are many persons of
high rank, were ordered to be executed. This in-
discriminate massacre, which has probably been
prompted by the want of guards to protect them,
indicates no improvement in the tyrant's temper.
We fear that wilful, wicked misrepresentations, and
cruel, unpardonable selfishness, united in conceal-
ing the true state of our position and the well known
designs of the King. God, in llis infinite mercy,
may interpose and deliver us ; and if not, our sepa-
ration will only be for a short period, au/ our re-
union in glory for ever and ever.
God bless you and the darling children, and
that we may both receive strength according to our
need is the fervent prayer of your ever affectionate
husband, " HENRI( A. STERN."