The Sun.
London, England, 1858-09-01 00:00:00

the riind-Dutshos Marie, Ductless of Leuchtenberg,
who had arrived at Potsdam, was amongst the guests.
Yesterday morning her Majesty the Queen and
the Prince Consort left Potsdam, at half-past eight
o'clock, on their journey homewards.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess
of Prussia, and Prince and Princess Frederick
William, and the Grand Duke and Duchess of Baden
accompanied her Majesty in the railway carriage a
part of the way.

Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess
Charles of' Prussia, Prince Frederick Charles, and
Prince Adalbert took leave of her Majesty at the

station.
All the principal officers of the Court were like-
wise in attendance, and a considerable assemblage of

people.
At the small station at the Wild Park the Prince
and Princess Frederick William took leave of their
royal parents, and entered a carriage which was in
waiting to convey their royal highnesses to Berlin.
At Magdeburg her Majesty and the Prince Con-
sort,w;th the Prince and Princess of Prussia, and the
Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Baden, alighted
from the train, and proceeded in carriages to the
Government House, where breakfast was provided.
Her Majesty was received here by the Grand Duke
of Saxe Weimar, who had arrived from Weimar to
meet her Majesty and the Prince.
The railway station, and the streets through which
her Majesty passed, were filled with dense crowds of
people, who received her Majesty with loud acclama-
tions, and throughout the town the greatest enthu-
siasm was displayed. Many of the houses were
handsomely decorated, and the windows were filled
with well-dressed persons, who joined in the shouts
of the people below.
The principal officers and authorities of the town
were presented to her Majesty by the Prince of

Prussia.
After a visit of about an hour, her Majesty and
his Royal Highness returned to the railway station,
and there took leave of the Prince and Princess of
Prussia, of the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of
Baden, and of the Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar.
At Brunswick, at Minden, at Dortmund, and
throughout the route, the stations were ornamented
and crowded with people, who received her Majesty
with enthusiasm. The Queen frequently bowed to
the assembled multitudes in acknowledgment of
these tokens of respect and goodwill.
In consequence of unavoidable delays, it was nearly
10 o'clock before the train arrived at Deutz, where
great preparations had been made for her Majesty's
reception.
A guard of honour was drawn up in the station,
and upon alighting from the carriage the Queen and
Prince were received by the Prince of Hohenzollern
Siegmaringen, and Count Alexander Mensdorff.
After speaking a few words to the principal autho-
rities assembled, her Majesty and his Royal High-
ness entered a carriage, and accompanied by Prince
Hohenzollern and Count Mensdorff, proceeded to
the Bellevue Hotel, where also a guard of honour
was drawn up.
The streets were crowded with people, who re-
ceived her Majesty with the warmest demonstra-
tions of attachment, and the houses, down to those
even of the very poorest, were generally illumi-

nated.
The Prince of Hohenzollern and Count Alexander
Mensdorff remained to supper with her Majesty.
This morning Divine service was performed before
her Majesty the Queen, the Prince Consort, the
ladies and gentlemen in attendance, and the
servants of her Majesty's establishment, by the Rev.
Mr. Glover.

THE EXPEDITION TO THE ZAMBESE.

The following letter has just been received by Mr. J.
Aspinall Turner, of Pendlebury House, Manchester, from
Dr. Livingstone :

" Screw steamer Pearl, June 10, 1858.
" My dear Sir,-1 am happy to be able to inform you that
we have had a prosperous voyage ever since we left Liver-
pool, and that, after a good deal of what may be called ex-
ploration, we are now threading our way up the Zambese.
"We went first of all to the most southerly branch, as
that was reported to be preferable to the main stream, but
after going up about 70 miles, we found that the connect-
ing link was choked with a peculiar kind of grass or rush
which floa►s on the surface; though a large body of fresh
water was flowing through, the vessels could not proceed.
The harbour and bar are both good, and for 70 miles a
navigable river flows through extensive plains, where Sea
Island cotton could be cultivated, and would be invalu-
able were it in the Cape colony. We then went to the
Luaho, or Parker's branch, but found, though the river is
very large, and the water fresh outside, a double bar ren-
dered it dangerous. Returning seven miles south, we found
a very fine bar and harbour, called Kongone. This com-
municates by two branches with the main stream, and as
one of these is only five miles long, we entered by that, and
having the little steamer Ma Robert acting as a pilot to the
larger, we are feeling our way as cautiously as we can. We
tried another large mouth from the inside, but the bar was
bad. There are many fine branches, but the Portuguese
have kept them secret.
" Near the mouth of the branch Kongone, my brother
stumbled on cotton growing hi a deserted native garden,
which does not adhere to the seed as that I saw up the river,
and the pile or staple is longer than the Angola cotton. I
enclose a specimen.*
" When at Sierra Leone, I left there a small cask of seed
for Mr. Gabriel, of Loanda, and would fain have gone and
tried to stir up some of the people of that country (de-
cidedly the best in Western Africa) to bring their produce
to market.

" I am distributing Sea Island seed to different persons
on the Delta, and they express perfect willingness to culti-
vate it for sale.

" We come, however, in what seems a most unfortunate
position of affairs, yet it may come out ultimately to be for
the best. The first news we got was that the Portuguese
were all obliged to flee to the coast, and we found that such
was actually the case—a half-caste had rebelled, and all had
fled to Quilimane. Fortunately, we were not in the country
at the time, or we should have been accused of stirring up
the natives. •
.
" I will let you know how we get on higher up. We have
had no sickness yet. Quinine every day for all hands. .
" With kindest regards to Mrs. T. and your family, I am,
yours most truly, " DAVID LIVINGSTONE.
" P.S. gist June. We send the Pearl on her voyage
sooner than we anticipated. We were strictly charged to
run no risk with her. The river is now falling ; so that
though a vessel drawing four or five feet would still go up
to Tete, she, drawing nine feet seven inches, would be in
danger. We land our gooth on an island, and go up by
successive trips in the steam launch.
" J. A,pinall Turner, Esq., M.P."
• Very beautiful clean cotton, value about Bd. per lb.—J. A. T.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

AUSTRALIA.

--~.,
----►--

(1311 Electric Telegraph.)
LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY MORNING.
The ship Eagle, from Melbourne, arrived this
morning with 29,945 ounces of gold.
She left Melbourne on the 18th of May.

WEST INDIA MAIL.

(By Electric Telegraph.)

SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY MORNING.

The Orinoco steamer, Captain Baynton, has
arrived with the West Indian, Mexican, and Pacific
mails. Her dates are Vera Cruz, August 4th ; Ha-
vannah, 9th ; Greytown, Ist ; Colon, Bth ; Panama,
Bth ; Jamaica, 10th ; Demerara, 9th ; Trinidad, 9th ;
Barbadoes, 11th ; Grenada, 10th ; and St. Thomas,
15th.

She brings 123 passengers, including his Honour
Judge Athill, from St. Lucia, and the Bishop of
Martinique.
On freight she has $807,913, jewellery value
£2,840, 512 serous cochineal, 43 tierces coffee, 166
bales tobacco, 146 cases cigars, and general cargo.
On the 27th of August she exchanged colours with
the English barque William Metcalfe, in lat. 44.10
N., long. 29.38 W.
The markets at Jamaica were very dull. Coffee
not in supply. Flour held at 28s. to 295.; tonnage
plentiful, and two or three vessels had to leave in
ballast.

Exchange on London, 90 days, 1 per cent. prem.;
60 days, 30 days, 2.
The British brigantine Golden Eagle, for Liver-
pool, put back to Port Royal on the sth August,
having sprung her mast, &c.

The young cane crops at Grenada were promising;
but labour was much wanted.

The wet season had closed in Demerara, and the
weather was hot and sultry. The crops looked
well, and a good yield of sugar was confidently
expected.

The New Militia Bill had become law.
Two cargoes of Portuguese immigrants had
arrived from Madeira.

The half-yearly meeting of the British Guiana
Bank was held on the 30th of July. The affairs of
the bank appeared very prosperous, and, after pay-
ing the usual dividend of 7 per cent., a good balance
was left to meet contingencies.
The House of Assembly at Barbadoes was in session.
The amount of this year's produce shipped to date
is 50,000 hogsheads.
The news from the Pacific is unimportant. A
favourable year for crops of all kinds is anticipated
in Chili.

The election excitement continued in Peru, and
Castilla's re-election was generally anticipated.

The Isthmus of Panama remained healthy, except-
ing a few cases of intermittent fever, caused by
change of atmosphere.
Heavy rains had fallen.

THE BRAZILS.

(By Electric Telegraph.)

LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY MORNING.

The following telegram has been received by Mr.
Thomas Court, Secretary to the Underwriters' As-
sociation, in anticipation of the mail steamer :
Rio Janeiro, Exchange, N.—Coffee 100 reis
higher.

" Bahia, Exchange, 25i.. Sugar 100 reis lower.
" Pernambuco.—Exchange, 251. Cotton uncer

tain.

" SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.
" Gondols, Bonita, Corinthian, Onward, Alice Wilson,
Prince Oscar, Frederick, John Carver, Senator, and
Roderick Dtm, from Liverpool ; Grenfells, from Callao,
leaky ; Linda, from Callao, for Cowes, for provisions; and
California, from New Orleans, for Melbourne, rudder broken
at Rio Janeiro ; Rosamond, Crystalline, Falcon, Canadian
Lass, and James Brown, screw stemor, from Liverpool, at
Bahia. _

" Mistletoe, from River Plate, for Liverpool, sailed on
the 4th, after repairing.
" Iron Gray, Matilda, Crusader, Lord Althorpe, Marie
Louise, and Mary Bazfield, from Liverpool, at Pernam-
buee."

FRANCE.

PARIS, TUESDAY, 6 r.m.

According to a letter I have received from Berlin
the visit of her Majesty and Prince Albert to
Prussia has laid the foundation of important political
ties. It is also added that the Prince of Wales may
become the husband of the Princess of Saxe-
Meiningen.

The Emperor of Russia is ever employed in pro-
moting the emancipation of the serf's. The Czar
uses his personal influence with the nobles to ac-
complish this end. 200,000 individuals belonging
to the Imperial palaceb of Russia have lately been
made entirely free. It is reported that efforts
are being made to bring about a recon-
ciliation between Austria and Russia. It is even
said that the Emperor Alexander will visit Vienna.
The reconciliation of Russia and Austria is only a
question of time, and must of necessity take place.
Austria will approach Russia in proportion as the
Anglo-French Alliance becomes consolidated and
permanent.
Mazzini's organ, the Italia del Popolo, has ceased
to appear in Genoa.
The Queen of England and the Prince Consort
left the palace of Babelsberg at eight o'clock in the
morning of the 28th ult., and proceeded to the rail-
way station at Potsdam, accompanied by the princes
and princesses of the Royal family. Having taken
leave of their Royal Highnesses, the Queen and the
Prince proceeded in a special train to Magdeburg, at
the station of which place her Majesty and his Royal
Highness found the Grand Duke and Grand
Duchess of Saxe-Weimar waiting to receive them.
The Queen and Prince breakfasted with the Grand
Duke and Grand Duchess, and afterwhrds proceeded
to Deutz, opposite Cologne, where they arrived at ten
minutes to ten in the evening.
The Union gives the following account of the
arrest of some Protestants at Mauberge, to which I
have already referred :—" In the town in question
there was a military sub-intendant, a zealous Pro-
testant. This functionary, being desirous to open a
place of worship in the town, where there never had
existed any Protestant congregation, succeeded in
collecting a certain number of signatures, and went
to the mayor iu order to obtain the requisite permis-
sion to assemble with the persons who had given
their signatures and a Protestant minister. The
mayor granted the authorisation ; but the Prefect of
the Nord, being informed of all the circumstances of
the case, revoked the mayor's decree. Notwith-
standing this, the military sub-intendant and the
Protestant minister persisted in holding meetings for
the purposes of worship with some workmen. The
prefect caused the house of meeting to be surrounded
by the police, and the persons within to be arrested,
including the sub-intendant and the minister. It is
probable they will be prosecuted for holding illegal
meetings."

I am quite convinced the central authorities in Paris
will riot countenance the persecution of Protestants
in any part of the empire. Already the question
occupies the serious attention of the Minister of the
Interior.

The Duke de Malakoff, who intended to leave Paris
to-day for London, has determined to remain a few
days longer amongst up.
The Imperial Prince will not accompany the Em-
peror and Empress to Biarritz, on account of a pre-
vailing epidemic which has carried off many children
in that district.

Lord Pidtnerston, who is on a visit to Earl Cow
ley, will not return to Paris before Thursday next.

The Debats devotes a long article to the criticisms
on Cherbourg which have been indulged in of late
by English orators and journals. Our contemporary
endeavours to trace the source of the carping tone
generally adopted by the said critics ; perhaps it has

not erred in attributing it to the causes detailed in
the following passage :
"Thua we see that the criticisms indulged in by the Eog-
flab on what they have seen at Cherbourg only relate to
trifles, and ❑eed not disturb either our vanity or the confi-
dence we have in our navy, both as regards our ships and
our crews. These criticisms are evidently stamped with pre
meditated ill-humour, which, if we wish to be just, we may
attribute to the ill-natured tone of many publications
which have appeared here for some time past, and especially
since the Indian outbreak. The embarrassments of the
English have been both unjustly and unreasonably rejoiced
in ; the question of the dismemberment of the British Colo-
nial Empire has been discussed in French publications;
things have been said which M. de Persiguy noticed the
other day in his Speech to the council-general of the depart-
ment of the Loire; and lastly, many a pamphlet has re-
peated under every possible shape, that steam had thrown a
bridge over the Channel, and that Cheiboutg had centi-
nentalised England—a barbarism which is not only a sele-
elm in language, but also a fault against common sense.
All this of course could not but be unpalatable to the Eng-
lish, and must inspire them with those feelings of resentment
which we have traced in what they have said or written on
our navy. It is not i❑ these reciprocal exaggerations that
the truth on Cherbourg can be found, and we shall seek it
elsewhere."

PARIS BOURSE.—The market has been more
settled to-day, and prices have been steady. Forced
purchases have continued in Rente. The option of
premiums was effected on the Rente Three per Cents.
at 70fr. 85c. Threes have varied from 70fr. 95c. to
70fr. 85c.; Mobilier, 782 fr. 50e. to 787 fr. 50c.; Aus-
trian, 652 fr. 50c. to 655 fr.; Orleans, 1,352 fr. 50e. to
1,355 fr.; Lyons, 825 fr. to 827 fr. 50c. ; Eastern,
725 fr. to 727 fr. 50c.; Northern, 957 fr. 50c. to 960 fr.;
and Southern, 557 fr. 50c. to 560 fr. The market
became firmer towards the close, when the following
were the quotations :

Fr. Ct.
41 per Cent 9... . 97 75
Do. end of month 97 75
3 per Cent. 7l 25
Do. end of month 71 40

Fr. Ct.
Credit Fonder 6.2,5
Belgian 41
Piedmontese 5
Roman..

90 75

Bank Shares .... Austrian
Cr&lit Mobilier.. 809 Spanish Threes
Do. account. 800 Home

92 75

39 -

RAILWAYS.
Cash—Fr. Ct. Account—Yr. Ct.
1,335
960
810
B'_'B 75

Orleans . 1
Northern
New ditto
Lyons & Mediterranean
New ditto ..
Geneva
Midi
Western ..
Eastern
Grand Central
Sardinian —
Austrian

,335
-
810 -
8•-'5 -

615 -
558 75
630 -
727 50

61 50
557 50
627 50
730 -

460 -
660 -

ENGLISH CRITICISMS ON CIIERIOURG

The Journal des Debate, which no one will accuse of
viewing matters exclusively from a French point of view,
devotes four columns in its publication of yesterday to a
defence of the French navy and of French matters in
general, in answer to the published attacks of English
sightseers at Cherbourg. It tells us that, coming as
we did as invited guests, it would not have been
polite to have sent us home with our feelings hurt
and our vanity wounded. And as the simultaneous
presence of the squadrons of both nations at Cherbourg was
certain, in spite of every care, to suggest invidious compari-
sons, the Debats has hitherto reserved its remarks, and, like
the French at Fontenoy, it has chosen to say—Messieurs
les Anglais, tirez les premiers.
It thinks the English have fired first and without doing
much damage. They left Cherbourg, it says, as women
leave a ballroom, each one believing she carries away the
palm of beauty and elegance. The Debats thinks this only
natural and only what it expected; but it fancies that our
pretensions to superiority, based on such frivolities as the
famous exploit on the truck of the mainmast, might have
been expressed with more courtesy and with more respect
towards an allied and friendly people.
Believing that the French ships of war do not in the least
suffer in comparison with the English, the Debats does
ample justice to our private and merchant marine. It con-
fesses its envy at the superiority eelatante of the British
flag as displayed in the waters of Cherbourg by the yachts
of our gentry and the magnificent steamships of our rich
and powerful navigation companies. It cannot, however, for-
give Mr. Roebuck for his gross impoliteness in calling French
women plain ; and with respect to the speech of Mr. Lindsay
at Tynemouth it has the following remarks :—" During the
trip to Cherbourg Mr. Lindsay was the envy and admiration
of poor sea-sick Mr. Roebuck. But how did it happen that
this practical sailor, Mr. Lindsay—this consummate nau-
tical authority, could laagh at us, because our vessels in
saluting only manned the yards. One would imagine that
an old salt like Mr. Lindsay would have instantly
guessed the technical reasons why it could not be
otherwise. Whilst the English crews were kept to
their ships, and had plenty of hands to be sent
up the masts and;the rattlins, or to man all the yards, a
great part of our ships' companies were employed in
numberless duties on shore. Besides, whilst the Eng-
lish fired salutes of only 21 guns, requiring only five
men to each gun to do it with all requisite regularity,
our ships fired a succession of salutes of three discharges
each gun, employing at least four men to a gun, and
this would confine to the batteries at least 360 men in a
00-gun ship like the Areole, the Eylau, or the Napoleon,
&c. This, we think, could have been no secret. The dis-
charges of artillery so loudly informed everybody of the fact
that it is difficult to conceive how a man of Mr. Lindsay's
experience could not have taken notice of it. On the other
hand, to be just with Mr. Lindsay, we will admit that the
English sailors in their summer attire, in white shirts and
trousers, made a gayer display on the rigging than our
sailors on the yards. A few heavy showers that had fallen
advised the adoption of woollen clothes for our men, who
had active service to perform in the roadstead, and who
might find themselves far from their lockers. We
will also confess that the blue lights of the Eng-
lish were brighter and lasted longer than ours, and
that signal rockets, particularly the ones fired by the
Queen's yacht, were more brilliant than those of our ships.
But what is the importance of such details ?" Again it says
" Afeorrespondent of the Times calls the Ville de Nantes a
sailing ship, although, whilst on the stocks, the part which
was surely most visible to the regard of the multitude was
her stern, with a hole in the keel for the reception of the
screw. Mr. Lindsay characterised our vessels as poor ships,
the correspondent of the Times improves upon this, and cal
them all ugly, the Bretagne an ugly ship, the Eylau an
ugly ship, the Arnie, ugly ship, the Napoleon, ugly ship,
ugly, ugly, nothing but ugliness. It appears, however,
that English naval officers are of a different opinion, parti-
cularly Admiral Napier, who on this point has with such pre-
cision called Mr. Lindsay and the correspondent of the
Times to order and justice."
The writer in the D6bats afterwards alludes to the ad mi-
ration excited by the Napoleon in 1853 in Besika Bay
among all the officers of the squadron commanded by
Admiral Dundas, when that vessel, on a day of vexation
fur the English officers, triumphantly towed a three-decker
against the current in the Dardanelles by the side of an
English steamer that had tried the task in vain.
He then remarks on the well-known beauty of the
models of French ships, and on our navy having copied them
in so many instances. He concludes with expressing
an opinion that the criticisms of the English on what they
saw at Chet bourg relate only to miserable trifles, and should
in no way inspire inquietude to French vanity, or the confi-
dence the French have in their ships, their men, or anything '
else. The Debats charitably attributes our exaggerated and
ill-humoured criticisms to a revenge on our partsfor theatupi-
dities which have been written in the French press on our
Indian embarrassments, as well as for the menace which
has appeared in myriads of French pamphlets in the shape of
allusions to the bridging of the Channel by steam and the
contineutalisation of England ; and finally for there having
been permitted in France such things as M. de Persignv
in Lis speech to the Council-
referred to the other day
General of the Loire.

ROLL FOR WINCHESTER COLLEGE.--ELECTION,
July, 1858.—Allen John Barrow ; Teesdale, F.D.; Crippg,
H. Walker,
J. G.
Bowen F.'R. • Strange, J. S.; lleygate, W. A •
L.; ?• d G. A.
Debties,
v.K.enlnLeyF,rJee.m;
aSnt,reEat.tepil.,;
Stanbridge, J. W.; Haygartli, F.; King, A. T.; Brown,
R. s.; Forster, A. S.; Deedes, A.; Bryan, W. E. • nil-
ford, C. J. It.; Wilkinson, E.; Thorold, G. A. W. 'Exhi-
bitioners in Corninoners.—Holland, F. M.; Worthy, • E.
A.;
Ltlttlilall, Johnson H.

,
THE REPRESENTATION of DUMBARTONSHIRE.—
The North British Daily Mail says :—lt is rumoured
that Mr. Sinollett is about to retire into private life. In
the event of Mr. Smollett's retirement, Mr. Archd. Orr
Ewing, of !Avers Bank, has been named as well qualified to
fill the office. Mr. Ewing has for many years taken a
prominent part in matters effecting the well-being of the
county, and by his exertions has done much to promote its
social and commercial prosperity.
THE FIRST OF SEPTEMBER.—The Essex Herald
says :—The first day of partridge shooting " the glorious
first!" looked forward to with so much interest by our sport-
ing friends, holds out, we learn, excellent promise of sport in
this county. From time favourable hatching season and fine
summer the coveys are plentiful and large; and though it is
said the birds are likely to be found rather wild and strong
on the wing, this, with the good shot, will increase the in-
terest of the pursuit, and afford scope for the display of the
sportsman's skill. The poachers, it is true, have had rather
an unfair start from the early harvest and the clearing of
the fields; but timely precaution lias been taken by the very
general bushing of the stubbles ; and it will be found, we
hope, that the contraband net has not set i.nisly robbed the
gun and the legitimate game bag. Knights of the trigger,
says the Sussex Advertiser, are all on the gut vive looking
anxiously forward to the approaching time for sraughter.
There dre plenty of birds, but as they are unusually strong
on the wing and their resorts very bare, unless the long
range is put into requisition the bags of the sportsmen will
not cut so respectable an appearance as may be wisl4o.

Gore.

Probably many of those adventurous prolTectors who
go roaming the world around in quest of "gold," that
cherished emblem of riches from times immemorial, will lend

incredulous ear when told that the cpveted metal is widely
diffused throughout nature. Few dominions of the world
there are in which gold has not been extracted from the
ground at some time or other. At home the Cornish tin-
miner amuses himself to this very day by collecting gold
spanglesthinlydistributed here and there amidst the less noble
metal. Scotland has produced gold in much larger quantity.
Ireland more generously still, though the mountains and
river courses of Waterford, once so famed for their auriferous
yield, furnish at this time not enough to be remunerative.
As for Wales, the principality has even dared, subsequent to
the gold discoveries of Australia and California, to advance
her gold-yielding pretensions, as many a speculator " down
cityward" would be able to tooify with sad countenance and
melancholy shake of the head. France, Sweden, Saxony',
Hungary, Bohemia, ::an all lay pretentious to the posses-
sion of native gold. In Spain the auriferous riches of the
Darro and the Tagus in modern times have well-nigh
equalled in repute the olden fame of Pactolus; but Russia
of all dominions hereabout bears away the palm of credit
for being a gold producer.

Tbus,without citing further testimony, the distribution of
native gold seems to be very general in European regions.
Directing our attention to countries farther away, the fact
could readily be borne out, that whilst lead and tin and copper
are localised as to their occurrence, gold is discernible far and
wide. But how wide the distribution of gold has yet to be
communicated. Chemists of gt4od repute have asserted, and
the assertion has never been contradicted, that the precious
metal is discoverable in the roots of the violet and the stalks
of the vine. Supposing this to be the ease, one of two things
must have happened—vines and violets must have created
gold (which nobody believes), or gold must be distributed
far more widely than any person (some flighty chemist here
and there excepted) ever permitted himself to imagine.
Every now and then the village apothecary is accosted b3'
some frantically excited old lady, who fancies she has dis-
covered a lump of the precious metal in her coals. He tells
' her it is only a vile compound of iron and brimstone, totally
valueless, though so beautifully gold-like and yellow.
Curiously enough, however, and as if in vindication of the
doctrine of signatures by virtue of which every natural
body was assumed to bear external impress of its qualities
and belongings, much of this iron brimstone compound
(pyrites or sulphuret of iron) actually does contain gold,
though so small in amount that it will not pay for extrac-
tion.

It is only in one geological formation, however, that
gold asserts its majesty, and shows itself in quantities grate-
ful to the eye of a miner. It loves to nestle in crevices of
palaozoic or ancient rocks. During the very earliest
history of our planet, whilst yet the animals upon it were
restricted to a few low marine forms, there by some unknown
operation of nature, gold is considerable proportions
began to lay its yellow filigree-work along the crevices
of the rock. Thence disintegrated by the mountain
rills, flowing without ceasing for some thousands of years.
and rolling down into river beds, the accumulated gold
spangles there lie resting until disturbed by the enter-
prise or the cupidity of man. Whether in Australia, Cali-
fornia, or Columbia, the beds of rivers and streamlets
are the places of greatest promise for gold. A considerable
time before the auriferous capabilities of Australia were
demonstrated, Sir R. Murchison had expressed his belief
that considerable gold deposits might be found there, be-
cause of the similarity between the geology of Australia and
that of the Uralian range.
The geology of Australia reveals an almost total,absence
of secondary rocks. The long and interesting series of
European stratified rocks, amongst which the Wealdeu
and chalk systems take such a conspicuous part,seem absent
in Australia. Remembering the fact that the rocks thus absent
are, when they exist, the result of aqueous ,deposition,
the probability is suggested that Australia remained above
the ocean whilst all other portions of our planet were
at one time or another submerged, and that the existing
animals of Australia are only types of races which have long
since passed away. Fossil geology lends colour to this view.
Imbedded in certain portions of the British oolitic system, and
the same system in other parts of the world, are found
animals of the kangaroo type—creatures only now found in
Australia.
Proportionately little of the gold hitherto brought into
commerce has been produced by mining operations properly
so called, and the gold mines known to fame are more
like quarries than mines in the ordinary acceptation of
that term. The reason is twofold. Not only is gold so ca-
priciously distributed that the ordinary intelligence of
miners when seeking it is set at naught ; but auriferous rock,
or ore, does not kindly yield up its treasures, like other rocks
and ores, by the operation of smelting. Something may be
generally described as consisting of the solution by fire and
flux of the stony impurities which envelope the metal. Tile
result is a glass or slag which floats on the surface,
whilst the metal sinks below, and is collected in the form
of ingot or button. Necessarily, in conducting this smelt-
ing operation, some particles of metal are lost—a matter of
no importance whatever when ordinary metals are con-
' cerned, but which has hitherto almost effectually defeated
all attempts of extracting gold from its ores by smelting.
Amongst the various attempts that way, the general prin-
ciple has been aimed at of combining some ignoble
metal, such as lead or iron, with the gold ; thus adding
to its bulk, and admitting of ready subsequent sell-
ration. For a combination of reasons, the smelting
operation when applied to gold extraction has seldom
answered; hence, whenever the precious metal is distri-
buted in particles too small for observation by the naked
eye, some chemical process for laying hold of it and sepa'
rating it has always been adopted. Amongst these pro-
cesses amalgamation is generally the most used and mot
effective. It depends on the property which quicksilver
has of dissolving gold as water dissolves sugar; forul-
ing a metallic pasty mass, from which the mercury
' can be dissipated by heat, and the gold obtained pure.
,
Immense quantities of quicksilver are used in this way, au
„
also for the extraction of silver. Until within late years the
F greater quantity of quicksilver employed for these purposes
was obtained from Europe (Spain and Carinthia).
Recently, however, California, so profuse in gold, big
yielded, and still continues to yield, enormous quanti-
ties of quicksilver, so necessary for extracting it. Viewed
under this aspect of easy and cheap quicksilver suPPIY4
the auriferous regions of the Pacific coast of North
America present advantages over every other. The eon"
ditions desiderated by a gold miner, or rather a gold
prospector, are peculiar. Fuel, the great necessity of his
other metal-producers, he need not heed, except for 01,
own personal wank, but water is a necessity. Without,
, water he can only pick out such gold spangles es
he sees—few and far between—amidst much rub'
biih. Aided by water and some form of washing appls
rates, oftentimes no more elaborate than a bowl of Too'
or tin plate, he can, by manual dexterity, wash awe/
particles of earth and stony sand, isolating the golden dust,
which remains behind. If the region be civilised enough to
furnish him with the water also for making a cradle,
much of the manual dexterity (so requisite with the,
simple bowl) is no longer needed. As abundance of
water is indispensable to the gold prospector, so there maY
readilT be in some cases too much; for example, when the
gold field is situated in the bed of a stream. It is this con-
tinuity of sufficient water which has made California a more
pleasant field of operations than Australia. What the
Fraser River will turn out remains to be seen ; but there Is,
reason to believe that during several months its flood 0'
waters will prove embarrassing to the miner.

MR. G. T. F. SMITH'S' WEATHER PREDIC"
TWA'S FUR SEPTEMBER, 1858.

From the 4th to the 7th or 9th, rainy; from the 9rb to
the 14th, generally fine and warm; increasing heat frog
the 9th to the IGth, accompanied with thunder and lightning,
and consequently showers ; stormy and rainy from the 16th
to the 23d, equinox; from thence to the 27th, shovel"'
weather ; from the 27th to the 30th or 2d October, fine and
warm, for the season.
The warmest weather during September wilt be from the
10th to the 18th.

Vittoria Cottage, 101, Hight-street, Cheltenham.

THE NORTH FORELAND LIGHTHOUSE LANTEEN.---
The new lantern will be 14 feet wide, and 22 feet from the
floor to the apex of the roof. It will be sixteen-sided, with
diagonal astragals. By this direction of the astragals, the
interception of light is confined to a small oblique space;
were they upright, they would at certain points intercept the
light throughouttn e
greaterthe s
wholeoflne s
s heightand s
troefntghteh rv.e fhr
iriapht ng
this pelt,st
Moreover,
rangement gives to the framework of the lantern make ,:
safe to use more slender bars, and thus, also, absolutely less
light is intercepted. The panes of glass at the same time be-
come triangular, and are stronger than rectangular panes et
equal size. The lantern is formed for the most part of gull"
metal and copper, so as to render painting unnecessary. Tile
St. Gobain glass is used, in the belief that it is very mug'
better than English glass. If it be so our manufacturers
should look to it, and learn the reason why. The cost of the
lantern will be from £1,300 to £1,400; the cost of the light
apparatus about £l,OOO. The new lantern will be completed
and fixed in about six weeks from this time, to speak safetY
to the storm-tossed of all nations.—Builder.
lIOP INTELLIGENCE.—From the districts in West
Kent we are informed that the hops are presenting a beau-
tiful appearance—bright, clear, and abundant, with few dr
no black hills, as was the case last year. In Mid Kent the
hops are stated to be excellent, and, in proportion to the
quantity of bine, give every promise of a fine crop; but ee
the bine is generally deficient, the quantity will be consi"
derably smaller than was anticipated some time ago. The
quality, however, is represented as being very much se-
perior. In East Kent and the Weald the grounds? we are
told, have not much improved during the last tow day'
in consequence of the cold nights. The hops, there"
fore, it is said, though hanging very thick, will be
mostly small, especially the Colegates; and from the
neighbourhood of Frittenden we hear that, besides
the injury done by the flea, many plantations
are suffering from red rust and mould ; so much so, indeed,
that one grower has determined not to pick any, gv:
Springett, of Goudhurst, commenced hop picking on Satur,_
day last, and tile h-peiug is likely to become general thr.
week and next. It is noticed that this year there is a mue7
smaller immigration of Irish than for many years past ;nibge
we do not bear of any noticeable scarcit of districtrs
accounts received from the hop-growings of Susseo,
and Surrey are somewhat vague. Generally theysoak
the prospect of a good crop, though lighter than had
.
expected some time ago. They state, however, that Pia",
of the grounds the bine is slack; and that, as it is now toe
late to remedy this, the duty is not likely to be so high as
they still set it in the Borough. Hop picking will be geno.
ral in the course of about a week.—South .Eastern gazer.,