The Sun.
London, England, 1867-02-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOiNtiON, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 4 1867.

those heretofore resorting to either, and will insure
the r apid growth of a great and truly national
library, with far greater economy of means than
would attend the duplication, so to speak, of two
lara•e libraries at the seat of Government.

Vie Massachusetts whaling vessels for 1866 num-
bered 311, an increase of 42 over last year, and re-
gistered a tonnage of 73,20, an increase of 7,018.
The year has been generally successful, and the
price of dioil unusually high, having been quoted in
August at $2 75e. per gallon, the highest ever
known. The average price has been $1 24c., and
good oil now sells for $1 10c.

The Boston banks have decided to take no more
trunks packages of valuables to hold simply for
safe keeping, and have requested the owners to re-
move thove now in their possession. It is an un-
settled legal question whether the banks are respon-
sible for them if they arc stolen, or have the right
to deliver them to any other than a legal agent or
heir of the depositor. The practice has been on the
whole of more trouble to the banks than conve-
nience to their patrons, and they have concluded to
discontinue it.

A new wharf, nearly 1,000 feet long, has been
built at Portland since the great fire, almost entirely
of the debris from the ruins of the sugar-house, and
when completed will be one of the most spacious
wharfs in the port. An immense warehouse for
molasses and sugar is being built on the wharf by
Churchill, Browns, an Manson.

The duties assessed at the Portland Custom-house
last year amounted to $7,619,081, or an increase of
82 per eent. over 1865, and the value of the imports
was $14,501,348, an increase in the year of 78 per
cent.

A person can now travel from Denver, under the
Rocky Mountains, to New York city, from Monday
to Saturday.
A great effort is to be made to induce the Illinois
legislature to authorise the extension and enlarge-
ment of the canals of the state so as to establish
water communication between Chicago and the
Mississippi river. It will cost $4,000,000. Only
sixty miles of- new canal are needed to complete the
connection, with a proposed feeder from Rock
Island, from a point near Dixon. When this work
is done, barges can be loaded at any point on the
Mississippi and sent through direct to Chicago,
The following are the yields of the principal mines
on the Comstock (silver) lode in Nevada for 1866:
—Gould and Curry mines $1,600,000, dividends
$150,000; Hale and Norcross $1,200,000, dividends
$250,000 ; Yellow Jacket $2,300,000, dividends
$390,000 ; Crown Point $1,273,000, dividends
$234,000 ; Ophir $450,000, no dividends ; Imperial
for the last eighteen months $1,252,000, dividends
$376,000 ; Savage for last six months $1,100,000,
dividends $360,000. Some of the gold mines in
California make the following favourable returns :
—The Eureka mine in Grass Valley produced last
year $600,000, and earned $420,000 net profits.
One-fortieth of this mine has been lately sold for
$175,000. The Eureka mines of Almador county
yielded $485,000, with a profit of $310,000. The
North Star mine yielded $922,800, with a profit of
$132,000. The Sierra Buttes claim yielded last
year $225,000, with net earnings of $138,000. For
the last five years this mine has averaged about the
same results, and was recently sold for $575,000 to
Philip S. Van Rensselaer, of New York.
AN INGENIOUS INVENTION.—The New York Times
says a collection of the sanitary inventions and im-
provements made and used during the rebellion left
New York a few days ago for the Paris Exposition.
Among the lot is an hospital car, the interior ar-
rangements of which are as follows :—" At one end
is an apparatus for heating tea, coffee, and water,
and in the same end is an ice-water tank, opposite
is a lounge, which can be converted into a dissecting
table by removing the top— an apothecary's shop
completes the furniture. At the otherend are a wash-
room, closet, and stove. Thirty stretchers, swung
on indiarubber loops, fill the remainder of the
car, leaving a Rissage way through the centre.
" A patent stove, with hot air pipes, connected un-
derneath the car with six registers, which can be
opened or shut at will. A Christian Commission
coffee waggon, in use in the field at the time of
Lee's surrender, will probably attract some atten-
tion. interestingnthteeanr
Commission
rryoystcth
ionngltntihs
sai
c furnishedlesn the
ctwio,oiltnliei.c tsiaoOninnpielseosaf Sotifihneei tveatn
dispensed during the various campai • gns. Desic-
cated and preserved food of all kinds, clothing and
cooking apparatus, arc among the articles to be found
in the tent. The whole cost of the collection will
probably exceed $25,000.

GOLD FOR TIIE MILLION.—The address of Gov.
Evans, of Colorado, on the mineral resources of
that territory, shows that if we do not have a gold
and silver currency again in a short while, it will
not be because we have not abundance of the pre-
cious metals within easy reach. The metallic sup-
plies from Colorado and Nevada within the last six
years, with all the drawbacks to production, have
been large enough to justify the earlier predictions
regarding that region. Individual failures and
personal disappointments cannot be held to affect
the general result ; and the aggregate returns,
as set forth in official documents, give the
true data by which to fix our measurements.
But for these we should be compelled to
regard as altogether fabulous such statements as
have recently been put forth by the two ex-Go-
vernors of Colorado—Evaus and Gilpin—state-
ments which they declare to be based upon the
explorations and investigations of which they have
been personally cognisant in their official capacity.
For example, Governor (now Senator) Evans, in
his speech before the Chicago Board of Trade,
uttered the following glittering sentences among
many others of like character :—" But to give
you some idea of its immediate future increase
and importance, I will state a few facts
with which I am personally acquainted as to
the natural resources of the country. Lying
along the great Cordilleras, or snowy range which
divides the waters of the Atlantic from those of the
Pacific Ocean, directly west of Denver City, extend-
ing from near the base of Long's Peak in a southerly
direction for over 200 miles in Colorado, is what I
believe to be the most extensive and richest mineral
belt of country in the world. From five to 15 miles
wide for this vast extent, the mountains are literally
gridironed over with gold, silver, copper, lead-bearing
lodes, many of them known to be of great extent
and unsurpassed richness. While many of them,
of course, are too narrow or too poor to pay for
working, I believe that enough that are extensive
and rich have already been discovered to.give pro-
fitable employment to a million of men. And the
extensive discoveries that have been made the past
year, assure us of a vast increase in their number in
the future."—Extract from the New York Times.
TIIE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE AT THE LACHINE
RAPIDS.—The people of Montreal are discussing a
scheme for utilising the immense water power of the
St. Lawrence River at the Lachine Rapids. These
rapids are about one mile in length, and the fall of
water in that distance is about twenty-five-feet. The
seources of the water supply are vast and varied,
and subject to so many compensating influences
that the river is not materially affected either by
floods or droughts. The hydraulic power at the
rapids is estimated to be equal to the combinedforces
of four million of horses, and various plans to turn
the motive power to account have been suggested,
but not till now has a plan been hit upon that
appears feasible. This plan embodies three prin-
cipal features. First, it is proposed to turn the
stream gliding between the islands in the rapids
into a great continuous mill-stream for the manu-
factories to be built on the islands. Secondly, it is
intended to construct a great dam from the islands
to the northern or Montreal bank of the river, two
thousand eight hundred feet in length, wide enough
for a double railway track, a carriage road and foot-
paths, and high enough to retain all the head water
of the north channel, which, by running a pier a
short distance up from the uppermost island, can be
made from sixteen to eighteen feet. Below the
dam, along the rocky bed of the arrested north
channel waters, mills are to be erected. Above the
dam will be an immense and placid mill pond, into
which great rafts of timber from the Ottawa and
elsewhere may be easily floated to be sawn by the
mills below. Thirdly, it is proposed to excavate a
canal three or six hundred feet wide andfourteen feet

deep, commencing a short distance above the dam,
and running nearly parallel to the river about a
thousand feet from its bank down to the valley of
the river St. Pierre. Mills are to be built along the
canal throwing their tail water into the river. Mills
would be built also along the valley of the St.
Pierre. It is calculated that the hydraulic power
thus controlled will be sufficient to drive all the
mills for whose location space can be found within
proper distances. It is intended likewise that the
water of the canal should supply increased pumping
power for the city water works, and, when needed,
fill docks for ocean going steamers. It is antici-
pated that the construction of the projected dam
will greatly relieve Montreal from the yearly dan-
ger and inconvenience arising from the accumula-
tion of packed ice ; as much of the ice packing takes
place on the rapids along the northern channel. To
accomplish this great work a company, with a pro-
posed capital of two millions of dollars, has been
formed, and has already given notification of its in-
tention to apply for a charter, or has made the re-
quisite application.— The Springfield Weekly Re-
publican.

General Longstreet lately related the following
incident in Texas :—" On one occasion General Lee
called Colonel L., one of his staff officers, into his
tent, and commenced dictating while Colonel L.
wrote: Colonel L. had in his mouth a pipe, and was
smoking. The general inhaled the noxious vapour
until his patience became exhausted, and then said,
' Colonel L. you can retire, and send me Colonel I\L,
he does not smoke.' Colonel L. retired, and in a
few minutes Colonel M. entered, to whom the gene-
ral commenced dictating, but after inhaling the at-
mosphere of the tent for awhile, be discovered it to
be considerably impregnated, not with the perfume
of roses, but the odious smell of villainous whisky,
which he could not stand. Retire, Colonel M.,
and send me an officer who neither drinks nor
smokes ; I would rather endure the smoke of tobacco
than the smell of whisky."

The board of directors of the Louisville and Nash-
ville railroad, at a recent meeting held in Louisville.
declared a dividend of four per cent., from the Ist
of July to the Ist of January, payable on the Ist of
February next.
General Grant has gained his lawsuit at St. Louis,
getting a verdict of $470 and $l6 66c. a month for
back rents of his late father-in-law's farm, near that
city.

General F. A. Stratton, of Greenfield, has been
appointed chief constructing engineer of the Wash-
ington Navy-yard.
Judge Redfield, of Vermont, sailed for England
on Wednesday, January 9, to look after the United
States claims for indemnity for the depreJations of
rebel vessels during the war, sailing under the
British flag. Major George H. Chandler of Con-
cord, New Hampshire, went with him.
John L. Phillips, a well-known citizen of Boston,
died on Wednesday, Jan. 9, et the age of 86. He
served one term in the Legislature, and was a pro-
minent member of the Masonic fraternity.

Dr. John E. DunnelLs, a prominent physician of
Portland, died suddenly of heart disease, on 'Thurs-
day, Jan. 10.

Oliver Ames, of Enston, has been elected presi-
dent of the Pacific Railroad, to hold the office while
General John A. Dix is absent as Minister to
France. The salary of the position is $15,000 per
year.

Governor Chamberlain, of Maine, has appointed
as his staff Generals Selden Connor of Fairfield,
George Varney of Bangor, Thomas N. Hyde of
Bath, and John M. Brown of Portland.
The Confederate General Price has returned from
Mexico. He received the compliment of a public
dinner in New Orleans on the 4th instant. In the
same city, on the 6th, a dinner was given to John
Francis Maguire, Esq., editor of the Cork Examiner,
and M.P. Generals Hood and Buckner were among
the guests.
Sixteen thousand dollars have been subscribed in
aid of the families of the yachtsmen washed over-
board during the race from Sandy Hook to Cowes.
Funeral services in memory of Captains llazleton
and Wood, two of the lost, took place on Staten
Island on Sunday, January 6.
Mitchell, one of the negroes sent from Boston to
the Massachusetts Legislature, received the vote
for Speaker during the balloting on Tuesday,
January 8.

The medal purchased by the contributions of
30,000 Frenchmen to be presented to Mrs. Lincoln
as a token of respect for the memory of her hus-
band, was transferred to the widow, on Monday,
January 7, by the agent sent for the purpose.
The board of the Anglo-American Telegraph
Company in the exercise of the power conferred
on them by the articles of association, have ap-
pointed Mr. Cyrus W. Field, a director of the
cumiany.

7t,tr. F. P. Onslow, barrister, of Lincoln's-inn,
has been appointed secretary to the Neutrality
Laws Commission.

of Kentucky, has
been permitted itjte'd B.
tChase tPlerneslanident to return to the
United States. lle was arrested in Indiana in
1864, and sentenced to death. This sentence was
afterwards commuted to banishment from the
United States during life.

Henry B. Humphrey, of Thomastown, has been
appointed State Commissioner to the Paris Exposi-
tion. He was formerly United States consul to
Alexandria, Egypt.

Onehundred and eighteen persons died at Provi-
dence (Rhode Island) last year who were over 70
years old, and of whom the eldest was 96.

Deacon John Harris, one of the prominent
citizens of New London (Connecticut), was found
dead in his bed on Tuesday morning, Jan. 8,
though he had retired in better health than usual
the night before.
The sharp contest between E. G. Howe, the
present incumbent, and James M. Niles for the
presidency of the National Exchange Bank of
Hartford was decided on Tuesday, Jan. 8, by the
election of the former, by a majority of 1,229, in
a vote in which 9,757 of the 10,000 shares of the
bank were represented.

E. W. Pelton, of South Windsor, has just realised
$3,300 from the tobacco crop of less than two and a
half acres of land.

The annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Norwich and Worcester Railroad was held at Norwich,
on Wednesday, January 9, and the following officers
chosen for the ensuing year :—President, Augustus
Brewster ; treasurer, George L. Perkins ; superin-
tendent, P. St. M. Andrews ; secretary, E.T. Clapp,
all of Norwich.

The Connecticut State Agricultural Society held
its annual meeting at New Haven, on Wednesday,
January 9th, and elected the following officers for
the ensuing year :—President Ephraim H. Hyde,
of Tolland ; vice-presidents, Robbins Battell, of
,
Norfolk, and H. L. Stewart, of l‘liddle Haddam ;
secretaries, T. S. Gold, of Cornwall, and Burdett
Loomis, of Windsor Locks ; treasurer, F. A. Brown,
of Hartford, and a board of directors, one from
each county. Discussions were held on various
agricultural topics,
and resolutions passed in favour
of holding a State fair next fall.

The New Hampshire Republicans have nominated
General Walter Harriman for governor at their
convention, held at Concord, on Tuesday, giving
him 349 votes on the first ballot to 318 for Onslow
Stearns, and afterwards making the nomination
unanimous. In the third congressional district the
Republicans have nominated Jacob Benton, of
Lancaster, for Congress, to succeed sena`or elect
Patterson.

It is stated that at the recent New York Central
Railroad election, Le Grand Lockwood voted on
$4,600,000 of stock ; Henry Keep on $3,500,000,
and Cornelius Vanderbilt on $2,000,000—all stand-
ing on the books of the company in their own
names.

At New Orleans, on the Gth, a dinner was given
to Mr. John Francis Maguire, editor of the Cork
Examiner, and M.P. Generals Hood and Buckner
were among the guests.

POLYGAMY AT UTAIL—The abolition of slavery
seems likely to be closely followed by a move-
ment for the abolition of polygamy in the Re-
public, since the bill introduced by Senator
Howard aims at nothing less than the extir-
pation of the system in Utah,
where it has so
long been permitted to flourish. We have been

sneered at not a little by foreign censors for allow-
ing this blot to remain unexpunged in the heart of
the national territory. But such critics have hardly
sufficiently considered the difficulties of reaching
the strong arm over a thousand miles of desert,
where neither railways nor water-course supply
the means for conveying troops or their need-
ful stores. Even now it is open to grave
question whether, considering the vast diffi-
culties and expenses of a forcible abolition of
polygamy throughout the Mormon territory, it may
be expedient to attempt it. Two or three hundred
miles added to the Pacific Railway will, of course,
put a different face on affairs. In the presence of
certain means to conquer opposition, opposition
would probably not be offered ; in the absence of
those obvious means it might, and doubtless would,
prove obstinate and bloody. It will be easy in a
short time to crush polygamy as well as to denounce
it. For the immediate present such fulminations
appear to smack, like Mr. Lincoln's first proposed
ban against slavery, of the dubious quality of a
" Pope's bull against the comet," and therefore, for
the sake of dignity as well as policy, might be better
kept in reserve.—The Round Table.

A correspondent of the Pall-Mall Gazette gives
us some idea what taxation means just now in the
United States. Ile takes a woollen manufactory
in Massachusetts as an example. A. woollen mill,
he says, is taxed from 10 to 50 per cent. on the
wool which it buys from England, Australia, or
elsewhere, and more than that on all the dye goods
imported for it. Then it pays a monthly tax of 5
per cent. on every yard of cloth which is manufac-
tured, even though it should be sold at a loss ; this
is for the benefit of the general Government. And
for the benefit of the State Government it pays
once a year a tax of 11 per cent. on its valuation as
a mill, and on all the capital sunk in it. A mill
employing 1,400 people pays to the Government in
direct taxes 400,000 dollars, or £BO,OOO, and when
the proprietors divide the profit of their business,
then they have to pay 10 per cent. on their in-
dividual shares of the profits as income-tax. At
present many mills are being closed.
MR. BEECHER'S PEW LETTING.—The annual let-
ting of pews in Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, took
place on the evening of the Bth inst., before a very
large congregation, Mr. Pillsbury officiating as
auctioneer. The highest premium offered was
$550, but several choice pews fetched above $3OO
premium. The total reeeipts last year for pew rents
and premiums amounted to s43,ooo—this year they
will exceed $50,000. All but a few back seats were
disposed of at the auction.—New York Times.
SHEEP LANDS OF AMERICA.—Dr. Norton S.
Townshend, of Lorain County, Ohio, contributes
an article to the Ohio Farmer on the wool-growing
capabilities of the West. Ile says—" In Minnesota,
lowa, Missouri, Eastern Kansas, Arkansas, and
Texas, are lands well adapted to general cutlivation ;
but in all of these States are extensive prairies
which may much more profitably be devoted to
pasturage than tillage. In Nebraska, Western
Kansas, Western Texas, and New Mexico, is Ln im-
mense range, of nearly a million of square miles in
extent, which has not rain enough for general
cultivation, but much of which is adapted to
wool-growing, having at thousands of points
water enough for large flocks, and grass without
limit. Unless the natural grasses or the immense
prairies and plains of the West can be utilised by
sheep a large portion of our country is for the
present nearly valueless.

NAVAL.—RoyaI Alfred, 18, iron screw frigate,
Captain Francis A. Herbert, fitting for the North
America and West India station, was placed in No.
11 dock at Portsmouth on Monday last for examina-
tion below water-line.

New Hampshire paid last year $3,424,917 in
internal revenue taxes, or $10,47 for each inhabi-
tant. Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut
and New York were the only States in the Union
that paid a greater amount in proportion to their
population.

Maine lost 10,000 men in the war, and 25,000
had come home alive but hopelessly tlOabled for life.
numba of men furnished was 580 in excess of
all calls.

Fifteen thcusand mechanics are at present out of
work in New York city.
The cost of the buildings erected in Chicago last
year was, in round numbers, $8,000,000.
Two distinct shocks of earthquake have been felt
in Monroe and Livingston counties.
It is said that a society of smokers was formed at
Berlin two years ago, the members of which agreed
to preserve all the points of their -curs, instead of
biting them off and throwing them away. The
money procured by the sale of these bits is applied
to the maintenance and education of orphan children
and twenty-one are now supported by it.
Hamilton and Hobart colleges are having some-
thing of a dispute as to which institution can pro-
perly claim orange as their ribbon—both colleges
saying they adopted it first.
They have flying squirrels in California.

Pekin is going to have an American college.
The mouth of the Amazon is large enough to
take in the States of Massachusetts and Rhode
Island.

The city authorities of Memphis have ordered
the discontinuance of smoking on the streets, ou
Sunday.

The tobacco crop in Missouri this year is
estimated at from twelve to fifteen thousand hogs-
heads.

The California end of the Pacific Railroad will
be higher than the passes of the Alps.
A man has been fined in Detroit for kicking a
dog.
Three hundred Scottish agriculturists are on their
way to Texas.
The largest piece of plate glass in the country
has been placed in the window of one of the alcoves
in the State House at Boston, Massachusetts, con-
taining the State battle flags. it measures 12ft. 4in.
by 7f t. 7in.

1 he Autobiography of the Rev. E.:ldatthews.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)
The Rev. Edward Matthews has been fortunate
enough to associate his name with the most extraor-
dinary
chapter of the world's history since the in-
troduction of Christianity. His illustrious kinsman,
Father Matthew, devoted the labours of a life to the
cause of temperance. He worked among his own
countrymen for the good of his fellow-citizens—for
a direct object, the result of which he could see and
appreciate on the spot. Ms. Matthews toiled in
the wilds of a new country, among a people hostile
to the cause he espoused, for the benefit of a race
who were kindred to him only as being of the same
human family. The exertions of the Roman Catholic
priest were attended with immediate effect ; those
around him recognised his efforts and appreciated
his motives ; he saw vast crowds moved by his
eloquence and stimulated by his example ; he saw
wretchedness and penury turn under his benign in-
fluence to happiness and plenty ; irreligion and
crime give place to religion and virtue, and a nation
steeped in the vice of drunkenness rise to sobriety,
morality, and order. This was a vast change, and
one worth a life's devotion. But great as it was, it
was still as nothing compared to the change wit-
nessed by the Oxford Baptist missionary. The in-
terest that attaches to the autobiography of Mr.
Matthews rests in his connection with the great move-
ment which finally gave liberty to 4,000,000 of slaves,
and revolutionised the social relations of a conti-
nent. The efforts of the author of this book were
like the planting of the grain of mustard seed—
so small as scarcely to be noticed, yet growing
quickly into a tree, in which birds seek a place to
roost. From the days when he first lectured on
slavery as the sum of all villanies in the scattered
villages of Wisconsin and Illinois, and brought on
himself the hostility of the inhabitants—to the
period, when increased to great cities, they mar-
shalled their regiments to fight in the very cause,
whose apostle thy then denounced a quarter
of a century had not elapsed. But what a change
had been wrought ! The wild territories of his
early labours had become powerful, populous States
of the Union. The indifference, and even enmity,
of the people to the cause he had espoused had
changed into a fixed principle of national policy
and he who had gone forth as a minister of peace

under the auspices of those whose abiding principle
it was to work only by the force of reason and of
public opinion (denouncing a resort to carnal
weapons as a crime), saw his cause blazoned on the
banners of mighty lines arrayed for battle, and
the fields of the Union drenched in the blood of
its inhabitants. Never was there a more pointed
illustration of the truth that man proposes,
but God disposes. Perhaps, throughout the
Union, no man would have been more sur-
prised than Mr. Matthews himself, could
the result to which his labours tended have
been unfolded to his view. Yet on calmly re-
viewing his career, it must now be apparent to our
author that the convulsion could
.not have been
avoided. The growth of Northern opinion in the
direction given to it by Mr. Matthews and other
missionaries of the anti-slavery societies, was, in the
end, certain to produce an explosion. The South
had determined to meet argument by force if neces-
sary. One by one they saw their safeguards broken
down. As they were beaten in the organs which
influence public opinion, they saw that the time
approached when they must either secede or fight.
They were not to be reasoned out of the domestic
institution ; yet they had to meet the feeling of the
North, every day growing more powerful and hostile
to slavery. Their antecedents showed, that, if
necessary, they would fight, but not yield an inch.
They were an aristocratic and haughty race, and
fight they did, with a gallantry worthy of a better
cause, and with a self-devotion which excited the
admiration of the whole world. The most interesting
portion of the book gives the account of the struggle in
the Church itself against the influence exercised in
the South over its ministers. When Mr. Matthews
appeared on the scene, the South ruled in the
Senate, in the pulpit, and in the press. They were
a compact and united body, with one object—to
maintain the institution of slavery. Such mis-
sionaries as Mr. Matthews were regarded as fanatics
and firebrands, and, in truth, they were firebrands,
engaged in piling up materials destined to produce
the greatest conflagration the world had ever seen.
It required no ordinary determination and spirit of
devotion to face the enmity then everywhere met.
Persecution, however, • produced its usual re-
sult. From the ashes of one martyr sprang
a dozen Reformers. The indignities offered
by a mob to one missionary roused the attention of
scores of earnest men. Steady perseverance and
unflinching courage, and meekness under suffering,
produced the desired end. A spirit of inquiry
was raised, fanned by lectures and satisfied by
widely-spread publications. By degrees slavery
became the great question, and as it grew in pro-
portions the influence of the slaveholder was'under-
mined throughout the North. The result was felt
in the ballot-box, in the pulpit, and in the press.
There may be many minor causes which led to the
great Civil War ; but this fact is certain, that
slavery was at the root of the conflict, and slavery
fell, with the triumph of the Northern arms. This
book is intended to throw a light on the rise and
progress of the great party who were the instru-
ments in accomplishing this downfal. Mr. Handel
Cossham introduces the author in a preface, and
Mr. Matthews proceeds at once to show the objects
he has in view in publishing his autobiography.
His personal adventures are mainly selected, as
sketches and illustrations of the state of society in
connection with the objects he strove to accomplish.
To show the growth of the slaveholders' power, he
give summaries of the leading acts of the Presidents
he selects. To bring out their policy in the
strongest colour, he contrasts them with each
other. Thus Washington is contrasted with
Jefferson—the elder, with the younger Adams ;
Maddison with Monroe, and so on. He uses these
as his own history progresses, and thus we obtain a
general idea of the policy of the slave-holding power.
Mr. Matthews speaks plainly. He writes in ehort
and concise sentences—almost abrupt--and neither
disguises nor palliates anything. At first he had to
fight what appeared to be a hopeless battle. Outside
the people were ignorant, indifferent, or hostile to
the movement ; inside, the ministers of the Church
were either openly or secretly arrayed in the inte-
rests of the slaveholders. One of his greatest
struggles was to undo the work of the Rev. James
Mitchell, who had sent two young women from
Wisconsin into the South to slavery. lie agitated
the matter with the greatest determination, and
finally succeeded in procuring at least the liberotion
of one, and in showing up the reverend gentleman
in spite of the strong opposition of the Church. To
be pelted with eggs, to rise in the night, and
have to fly for his life from a pursuing mob,
were frequent incidents in his career. But
these were trials less difficult to encounter than
than the hostility of the ministers of the denomina-
tion to which he belonged. We do not intend
to lessen interest in the perusal of the autobio-
graphy by making extracts from the work. Our
object is simply to call attention to it as a plain
concise statement of the early struggles in forming
a party destined to produce such astonishing re.
sults. Graphic sketches are given of those who
became prominent in the movement, a body of
men who have excited a keen interest among the
influential party in England, who favour the
cause. Indeed self-devotion must ever influence a
strong effect in the Anglo-Saxon mind, and that
influence is increased where grand results are
achieve]. Mr. Mathews was born at Oxford in
1812 ; he began his labours in the great West in
1838, and left America on a mission to England,
in 1851. Although the period which he spent in
the United States, was precisely that when the
power of the South seemed to have culminated to
its greatest strength, it was in truth the time when
the seeds were sown which afterwards produced
such an extraordinary harvest, ending in the down-
fall of the dominant institution it upheld. This
missionary made himself so prominent by his
labours that he was selected as the original of one
of Mrs. Stowc's characters in her story of "Dred."
The autobiography before us gives another ex-
ample of what may be accomplished by the single
efforts of a man who becomes penetrated with one
absorbing idea—to benefit his fellows, and devotes
himself to its realisation. There are few so unsel-
fish as to act thus, but when they do their power
becomes almost invincible. It is thus that many
have attained to eminence in the world ; but the
Rev. E. Matthe xs's work is not yet complete. The
fabric of negro slavery has been pulled down, but
the fabric of negro society yet remains to be
constructed. Ignorance and prejudice have to be
dissipated, labour and thrift to be encouraged,
social relations to be regulated, and, above all,
religious principles to be inculcated. The field of
labour is large, and there is room for the work of
many missionaries of Mr. Matthews's type.

TIIE CHAMPIONSIIIP.—THE UNKNOWN NAMED.
—Soon after ten o'clock on Friday night Jere Mace called
at our office, as ho had promised, and requested our advice
on what, appeared to him a great difficulty. It 'seems that
in :a former !encounter with Joe Goss in the prize ring
ho sustained an injury, which though not of a very
serious character, yet made it very doubtful whether
the necessary training and its accompaniments for
a great fight would not be followed by a complete
break down. That he had then no alternative but to
name Joe Goss as the Unknown put forward by him to
contend with Baldwin, and that he had that day received
a telegram from Joe authorising him to do as he pleased in
the matter. Goss is, therefore, the man who will hence-
forth appear in these columns as the opponent of Baldwin
in the fight for the championship. It is only justice to Jem
Mace the world should know that on making the match
he had no other competitor for Baldwin than himself ; in-
deed, up to the hour mentioned yesterday, he could hardly
bring himself to admit the impossibility of getting fit by
the time, but necessity became his master, and at the last
moment ho named his friend and late antagonist to sup-
port those honours which he had hoped himself to dis-
pute.—Bell's Life.
COMMENCEMENT OF THE SALMON-FISHING SEA-
SON.—On Friday night the " fence-time" on sal-
mon and trout streams expired, and on Saturday the open
season commenced. With this season the Amended Sal-
mon Fishery Act, passed last session, comes into full open
ration, and it is desirable it should bo known that it is now
illegal to fish for salmon without a license, and that any
person so doing is liable to a penalty of double the amount
of license duty and 5 if ho uses a rod and line, and of
double the amount of license duty and £2O if he makes use
of any other instrument or device. The conservators of
the Severn fishery district have published a digest of the
principal offences against the fishery laws, and a scale of
the cost of licenses, which have been approved by the Sec-
retary of State. The latter range from 10s. for permission
lo use a rod and line, up to £lO for license to catch sal-
mon by means of a weir-trap.

THE STEAMERS CITY OF ANTWERP

AND CITY OF LONDON.

(From Liverpool Journal of Commerce.)
The steamship City of Antwerp, a new vessel
just completed by Messrs. Tod and M'Gregor for
the Inman line, left the Clyde on Tuesday night,
and arrived in the Mersey on Wednesday about
11 a.m. She passed the Cloch Light at 5.15
p.m., and the Cumbrae at 6.15 p.m., making the
run against a head wind in a few seconds over the
hour, at the rate of 13:1 knots, or 151 statute
miles per hour. The weather was very stormy,
and Ailsa Craig and the Calf of Man were passed
without being seen, the Great Ormshead, on the
coast of Wales, being the first point sighted. The
Bell Buoy was passed at 10.201 and the
Rock Light at 10.53 a.m., the distance of nearly
10 knots being made in less than 33 minutes. She
will be at once placed on the station between this
port and New York. The dimensions of the City
of Antwerp are as follows :—Length of keel and
foresake, 320 feet ; breadth, moulded, 39 feet ;
depth, moulded, 271 feet; propelled by engines of
400-horse power, constructed on the horizontal
trunk principle, with all recent improvements. The
addition of such a vessel to the Inman line is ell'
dence of there being no lack of that enterprise for
which the line has been characterised, in providing
first-class vessels to meet the requirements of the
ever-expanding Transatlantic trade.

The City of London, belonging to the same line
of Atlantic steamers, having gone to the Clyde to
have new engines and boilers from her builders;
Messrs. Tod and M‘Gregor, her owners also con-
tracted with that firm to have her length increa§ed
39 feet amidships. The process of launching the
forward half of the vessel was successfully accom-
plished on Tuesday, in Messrs. Tod and M‘Gregor's
graving dock, in presence of W. Inman, Rig., of
the Liverpool, New York, and Philadelphia line.
The increase in length will now be built up amid-
ships in the vessel, the materials for which are all
prepared ; and her dimensions, when completed,
will then be—length of keel and forerake, 361 feet ;
breadth, moulded, 40 feet ; depth, 27f feet. This
perhaps is the largest vessel ever attempted to be
taken asunder ; and, considering the disadvantages
under which the operation was laid, on account of
the severe frost, it is matter of congratulation
to all concerned that the result has been so suc-
cessful.