The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-04 00:00:00

DUBLIN, April 3.
The details of the affair at Kilelooney-wood are
most interesting. The wood is situate about seven
miles from Mitchelstown, county of Cork. It was
reported to the authorities that a party of the rebels
had been lurking there for some time. Mr. Neale
Browne, R.M., with Sub-Inspector Rudge and the
constabulary of the district, went out last Thurs-
day week in search of them, but none were found.
Acting upon further information, Mr. Browne for-
warded a requisition for the services of the Water-
ford flying column, and on Saturday the column,
commanded by Major Bell, and accompanied by
Mr. Redmond, R.M. (Dungarvan), proceeded from
Lismore to Mitchelstown, and at 1 o'clock on Sun-
day morning started, by the southern road, to the
neighbourhood of Kilclooney-wood, Mr. Neale
Browne, MM., Sub-inspector Rudge, and about 20
constabulary from Mitchelstown, Kildorrery, and
Kilbenny, proceeding by another road, which led to
the northern side of the wood. The column, which
consisted of one troop of the 6th Carbineers, two
companies of the Gth Royal Warwickshire Infantry,
and some of the Military Train and Royal Engi-
neers, in all about 120 men, was distributed so as to
completely surround the wood. What followed is
narrated by the witnesses at the inquest, which was
hell at Mitchelstown on Monday. Mr. Henry Ed-
ward Redmond, stipendiary magistrate, stationed
at Dungarvan, deposed that he was out on the
morning of Sunday, the 31st of March, with the
Waterford flying column, at Kilclooney-wood. He
reached the wood about 5 o'clock a.m. Major
Bell ordered the wood to be surrounded, and he
sent Lieut. Carey in command of a small detach-
ment. The wool ran north and south, and the
high road ran north and south also. Lieut. Carey's
party was posted on the south side of the wood.
Mr. Redmond went to search some houses on the
-west side. While there he heard some shots in the
wood. He immediately ran towards the firing.
On getting to the fence near the wood he saw
some of the soldiers firing in the wood. He
called out and asked them what was that for—had
they been fired at? The answer was " Yes ; they
fired at us first, and they are firing now." He then
ran forward a little in front of the skirmishers and
saw two men, one armed with a rifle and the other
with a revolver, and they were going from tree to
tree, firing on the soldiers. He told the men to
protect themselves. Almost at this moment the two
men turned and ran towards a river, which was then
not more than 20 yards distant. Immediately on
seeing them turn he called out to the force to cease
firing. They did so, the soldiers repeating his order
one to another. The two men rushed forward and
jumped into the river and endeavoured to cross it,
one a little above the other. Mr. Redmond jumped
in after one of them, and some of the soldiers after
the other. The one presented his revolver at Mr.
Redmond, who caught him in the river, and presented
his revolver at him, and they had a struggle. He
called upon him to surrender, and he did so. The
deceased man was the other who had jumped into
the river. Immediately after he captured M'Clure
he saw the soldiers drawing out the deceased, who
was laid on the bank. He was then wounded and
lay on his hack. He was bleeding profusely from
a gunshot wound ender his right arm. He was
also wounded in the left hand, one of the fingers
being injured. The stock of his rifle was smashed by
a bullet. There was a bayonet on it, about where he
held it. The damage was near the guard of the
trigger. We sent immediately for the doctor and
priest ; the military doctor—Dr. Segrave—was on
the spot and did everything he could for him. He
even read prayers for him. Witness heard no other
shots fired afier he gave the order " Cease firing."
Consequently the deceased must have been wounded
before that. The bugle sounded at the top of the
hill " Cease firing" about the same time. Deceased
said he did not fire at all ; that he would have fired,
but his rifle missed. This statement was positively
denied by James Tye, a soliiier, who swore posi-
tively that Crowley fired at him first, that he
and the other man kept firing from behind
trees aA they retreated towards the river. They
fired about nine or ten shots altogether. This wit-
ness jumped into the river and pulle 1 out the de-
ceased. He had his head under water, and was float-
ing down stream, which was about 3ft. 6in. deep.
Mr. Neale Brown, R.M., corroborated this evidence.
He further stated that Dr. Segrave, while endea-
vouring to stop the bleeding of his wound with one
hand, read prayers from a book which he held in the
other; that when deceased complained of the cold
of the ground the soldiers gave their coats to make
a bed for him; they waitedsome time for the clergy-
man, and then he was taken up by the soldiers and
carried out of the plantation. The clergyman over-
took them, and the man was laid down and left with
him. He was afterwards raised again by the sol-
diers, and carried by them out of the road. They
tried to get him into a respectable farmer's house,
but both the man and his wife refused him admit-
tance. The only way of giving him assistance and
saving his life was to bring him to Mitchelstown.
They brought him on a cart until they met Dr.
Rogers, who kindly took him into his phaeton. Dr.
Segrave went with him, and the hospital sergeant
followed on the car, with the police escort close to
them. When he came into Mitchelstown the man

was dead. On the conclusion of the inquiry the jury
without any hesitation found That deceased had
died from the effects of a gunshot wound caused by
the firing of the military party in the execution of
their duty." The number of soldiers firing iu the
wood was five, and one of them was hit by the rebels.
M'Clure first gave his name as APGninnesson being
questioned, but afterwards said it was M'Clure ;
and his description, it is said, exactly corresponds
with that in the Hue and Cry of the " Captain "
M'Clure who headed the party of Fenians that

attacked Knockadoon Coastguard station.

The re.

volver which he had contained six chambers, three o;

which had been discharged. A package of tea was
also found upon him. Kelly wore across his shoul-
der, when captured, a havresack, which was found

to contain a quantity of ammunition and of raw

pork, besides a drill book, a book on the first lea

of which were written the words "Journal of the
Campa'gn," and which contained an account of the
attack upon Ballynockin Police-station, and several

other incidents of the recent rising; a lithographed

map of the county of Cork, and a plan of a part of
the county, neatly drawn with pen and ink. Crowley

was very widely known in this part of the country,
Ile was a well-to do farmer, having a long lease of
about 50 acres of land between Cloyne and Midleton,
He was about 36 or 40 years of ago, but was not

married. His sister, who came to claim his body,
informed the police that when he left his home about

a month ago he took 40 sovereigns with him. Va

rious conjectures are made as to the object with
which he and his two companions came to this part
of the country. Some people think there must have

- - -
been a large body of men in the wood, who have
- - -

, -
escaped, and in•corroboration of this view it is said

that one other man was seen escaping over the hi

during the encounter at Kilclooney- -wood. It is also

said that after the attack on Knoekad oon Coastguard

station, APClure and the principal men engaged in

the attack nianagtcl to get on board a small vease]

near Youghal, which was to convey them to France

and that the vessel was driven back by the easterly
gales which prevailed, and was obliged to put into
Queenstown harlibur, where the party on board suc-
ceeded in effecting a landing without the knowledge
of thepolice ; and that when they were encountered
at Kilelooney they were waking their way to the
Galtees to join a body of Fenians supposed to be in
concealment these. It is more probable that they
were moving about through the country from one
hiding-place.t6'another from the time of the at-
tempted ristia and that they either sought to
make an unusually long rest in the wood where
they were captured, or were engaged in secretly
organising afresh body of Fenians in expecta-
tion of American aid. The prisoners are de-
scribed as young men
middle height and
of
average build. Kelly appears to possess more
than usual intelligence. In his features and the
style of wearing his light, spare beard, he pre-
sents the appearance of an American. His manner
is stated to be rather well-bred, and his handwriting
--if that be his which appears in the papers found
in his harresack—particulaxiy neat, Dl`Clare is

' stonter and coarse-looking, with large, bold, staring
eyes, and a mouth and chin expressive of much de-
termination. There was nothing at all military in
the garb of either of the men. Crowley's funeral
gave occasion to a manifestation of feeling on the
part of the people, which was not the less significant
for its silence. The reporter of the Daily Express
adds that—" The first part of the procession was
formed by about a hundred and ten women, walk-
ing in regular lines, four and five abreast, and carry-
ing in their hands green boughs, which they occa-
sionally waved, as if in a species of defiance of the
police, confident that they might do so with im-
punity. No man or boy ventured to carry any
ealblem, and the male portion of the procession
generally walked with a good deal of irregularity.
he coffin was borne on the shoulders of the people,
the white-plumed hearse, the emptiness of which
was made conspicuous by its glass panels, following
behind. According to the usual custom when it is
intended to show respect to the memory of the dead,
there is a shutter or two left standing up in each
shop window of the town. A bell is at this moment
tolling the knell of a lady who has died at her re-
sidence, about three miles distant from Mitchels-
town, but I am told that the half-closing of the shops
in the town is to honour the dead Fenian, whose
funeral procession has just passed up the street."
A man named Terence Kelly was arrested yester-
day morning at Clonskeagh, by the police of the
division. He is stated by the police to be one of
the party who attacked the constabulary station at
Glencullen, upon which occasion, they say, he was
armed with a rifle. Previous to the attack on Glen-
cullen, it may be recollected that four of the metro-
politan force and five of the constabulary were cap-
tured by the Fenians. They were subsequently re-
leased on the police in the barracks consenting to
give up their arms. It would now appear that one
of the policemen who was prisoner on that occasion
recognised Kelly and took him into custody. The
prisoner was removed to Kilinainhatn.

The following Roman Catholic clergymen have
been served with a summons from the Speaker of
the House of Commons to appear without delay be-
fore the select committee of the house at present en-
gaged in trying the merits of the petitions presented
against the return of Capt. the Hon. Chas. White,
and haveleft for London :—Tne Rev. John Scanlan,
P.P., Toomevara ; Rev. Joseph Magrath, P.P.,
Silvermines ; Rev. Eugene Malone, P.P., Puckane;
Rev. Cornelius O'Brien, P.P., Lorrha ; and the
Rev. Con Gleeson, R.C.C., of Portroe.
On Monday night the steamer leaving Dundalk
for Liverpool was crowded with emigrants, all of the
farming class, and apparently persons in a comfort-
able position, being well dressed, and having with
them large heavily laden boxes. The scene at the de-
parture of the steamer was affecting. The deck was
crowded. There were at least 120 persons, young
and old, and numbers of them were bitterly weeping
as they bade a last farewell to their friends on shore.

Trades' Union Commission.

The commissioners held their fourth, and first
open, sitting yesterday, at Park-prospect House,
Westminster ; Sir W. Erie presiding.
Mr. T. Connolly, mason, was the first witness
examined in respect to the 11th rule of the Masons'
Society, called the " chasing" rule, which prohibits
any member performing more than a certain amount
of work in one day. The witness explained that it
was a rule adopted by a vote of the society three
years since, and was passed for the following reasons .
—Some employers, when they found a man in their
employ possessed of superior physical strength, had
been in the habit of encouraging that man, by an allow-
ance of Gd. per day extra, to perform as much work
in one day as his strength would enable him to per-
form, and then expect all the other men in the shop
to do the same amount. This system had been
found to act injuriously to the health of the men,
generally overtaxing their powers of endurance,
and it was to put an end to this system that what
was called the "chasing" rule bad been intro laced.
There was nothing in the rules of tho society
to prevent an employer, if he felt so incliue,l,
giving extra wages to a man of more than
average skill. The society discouraged piece-
work as having a tendency to reduce wages,
and they opposed overtime as injurious to health.
The society, however, did not forbid working
overtime when the job required it, but claimed
for all such overtime payment at the rate of time and
a quarter, which had to a great extent done away
with the system of systematic overtime formerly so
common in the trade.
Mr. E. Coulson, secretary of the London Brick-
ayers' Society, was the next witness. Ile said tho
head-quarters of the society were in London.
It had 96 branches spread over the country, con-
taining about 5,700 members. Its reserve fund in
December last was £3,200. Its annual income
was about £2,7oo—the members paying 3d. per
week. Its objects were to support men out of work,
with the approval of the society, the relief of tra-
velling members, and the burial of deceased mem-
bers and their wives. The amount paid by the
society for strikes during the last six years had
averaged about £3OO per year. There was
no restriction by this society against a brick-
layer using both his hands in laying bricks, or
compelling him to use his trowel in one par-
ticular band. Statements that had been publicly
made to this effect were totally untrue. lle had him-
self used both hands in laying bricks on what was
called inside work,but where good workmanship was
required—as in erecting an outside wall— it was im-
possible to use both hands in laying the bricks.
The society would not dream of interfering with
any man for using both hands, in laying
bricks. The society objected to piece-work, as
it occasioned work to be scamped; but there
was no rule against it, neither against over-
time, nor apprentices, though both were dis-
couraged. When a job was in dispute the society
picketed the premises by placing men on duty out-
side to dissuade men from seeking work there
pending the dispute; but it did not encourage any
intimidation. If a man violated the rules of the
society the members would not refuse to work with
him, but he would be sent to " Coventry." The
society were in favour of arbitration, but the diffi-
culty was to obtain arbitrators in whom both mas-
ters and men would have confidence. They had a
standard rate of wages fixed by the society, but no
man of superior skill was prevented obtaining more
if the employer would give it.
Mr. G. HOWELL, a member of the same society,
gave similar evidence. He had been several years
a foreman, and had often paid extra wages to men
of superior skill, but it was a practice discouraged
by the employers generally. He considered himself
a man of superior skill, and thought the system of
having a fixed minimum of wages had operated to
his advantage and to all like him.
Mr. C. WILLIAMS, secretary of the National As-
sociation of Plasterers, was then examined. His
executive committee sat at Liverpool. This so-
ciety had 128 branches, with about 8,000 mem-
bers. The number of members doubled within
the last two years. The objects of the society were
the protection of the trade and the relief of mem-
bers in sickness, with a burial fund attached. By the
protection of trade he meant the shortening the
hours of labour and the raising of wages. Individu-
ally he would prefer a reduction in the hours of
labour to a rise in wages, as more beneficial to the
men. The society looked after the interests of mas-
ters as well as those of the men. He gave several
instances of this ; amongst others the case of Mr.
Griffiths, who, in August last, was building two
large hotels at Aberyst wish. The men employed on
the job struck for a rise of Is. a week. The commit-

tee investigated the case, and, finding the inert were
in the wrong, requested them to resume work. The
men refused, whereupon the committee supplied the
builder with fresh men from Liverpool, by which he
was enabled to finish his work. No branch could

strike without the sanction of the committee after
due investigation. If the men struck without the
consent of the committee they did not receive
strike pay. The society men worked under a fixed
minimum rate of wages.
The examination of witnesses for the day was
here concluded.
The Chairman said if the commissioners did not
iesire to
go to Sheiteld to open initury, there as to j

the alleged outrages, the Home Secretary was pre-
pared to send another commission for that purpose.
The cotnmissioners thought the latter would be the
best course, and the Chairman said be would com-
municate with Mr. Walpole to that effect.
The inquiry was then adjourned.

the Saturday Afternoon Concerts at the
Crystal Palace.

The directors of the Crystal Palace are leaving
nothing undone to render their Saturday After-
noon Concerts the most attractive of the season.
That they are so is very conclusively proved by
the immense crowds that week after week throng
the concertroorn. On last Saturday it was hardly
possible to obtain a seat or even standing room,
in consequence of the performance, for the first
time, at the Crystal Palace, and for the third
time in England of Schumann's " Paradise and
the Peri ;" the legend on which Moore founded
his most exquisite poem, is of Persian origin.
In the refined and romantic mythology of Persia,
the Peris are equivalent to the Genii of the
Arabs, and the Fairies of the Western World ;
but they are more ethereal and less grotesque
than either of these, less of the devil than the
former, and more of the angel than the latter.
They are good, and, with the exception of the
angels, the most beautiful of beings. Driven
from Paradise, they became inhabitants of the
air, occupying themselves in good offices to men,
and subsisting on sweet perfumes. The subject
of the cantata is the attempt of a Peri to re-
enter Paradise—
" The Peri yet may be forgiven
Who brings to this eternal gate
The gift that is most dear to heaven !"
Twice is she rejected, when her offerings, the last
drop of blood shed by a hero in the holy cause of
liberty, and a life given for pure self-sacrificing
love, are not considered sufficiently holy ; but,
on the third attempt, when she presents the re-
pentance of a sinner, she is successful, and
once more re-admitted to Paradise. The story is
one which, in its grace and refinement, and
in a certain mystic ideality, must have been
peculiarly attractive to the genius of Schu-
mann, of whose music those qualities are so re-
markably characteristic. He appears to have first
entertained it in 1841, though it was not till two
years later that he seriously set to work on the
composition. The words were translated from the
original, either by Schumann himself or one of his
friends, and were, of course, necessarily altered
to suit the dramatic form into which he threw the
story. They have been since retranslated, and, it
is hardly necessary to add, that it would now be
difficult to recognize Moore's original charming
version.
With regard to the music, it is beyond doubt a
most remarkable work, and there is, perhaps, no
one who would have been more successful in the
treatment of a subject so fanciful and mystical
except Mend elssohn. It is throughout full of the
most beautiful conceptions and striking passages ;
but here, in a greater degree almost than in any
other work of Schumann's, we recognize his want
of power in developing ideas. Often during the
progress of the cantata we were absolutely
startled by a few opening bars, introducing a
theme as delicious as it .was unexpected, and
seducing the mind to that repose which is so de-
lightful in the contemplation of a beautiful move-
ment. Suddenly the composer, either from sheer
inability, or from a peculiarly constituted mind,
lost sight of his original intention, and wandered
into that region of mysticism too frequently digni-
fied by his disciples by the name of elevated
beauty. With this one exception, Schumann's
" Paradise and the Peri," is not only beautiful
but grand. The one wail of the Peri so con-
stantly recurring—.
44 Ah, Eden ! all, Eden ! my heart pants for thee,
Oh, when will thy portals be open to me,"
is one of those inspirations that could have never
been surpassed and haunts one constantly. Again,
the solo and chorus, " Sleep on and dream in the
odour of rest," though not possessing the wild
originality of the former, is a most exquisite piece
of writing, and intensely dramatic. Only a
master could have produced it. As descriptive
music it is almost unequalled, and it was unani-
mously and most deservedly encored.
Coining to the performance, we must cordi-
ally say that nO better interpreter of the music
of the " Peri " could be found than Madame
Lemmens-Sherrington. She possesses a most beau-
tiful voice that always arrests the attention by its
extreme freshness and (not an attribute unfortu-
nately of all artistes) its invariably tuneful quality.
She eminently belongs to that pure and exqui-
site school that numbered among its disciples
Sontag and Jenny Lind, but is now fast passing
away, and has at the present day but two or
three representatives. In addition, Madame Lem-
mens-Sherrington is undoubtedly one of the most
thorough musicians of the present time. Barely
recovered, as we were informed, and could easily
perceive, from an extremely severe cold, the diffi-
cult music of Schumann's "Peri," was on
Saturday a very trying ordeal for her ; but her
singing surprised everyone and was all that could
be desired, than which greater praise cannot be
given. She was supported by Miss Julia Elton
and Miss Robertine Henderson, who both have
pleasing voices, but who, as singers, are yet ex-
tremely young and have much to learn. The
music allotted to Mr. Cummings was not very
telling or grateful, certainly not effective, but
he sang throughout in his usual good style.
Mr. Lewis Thomas was heard to great advan-
tage. The chorus sang unusually well and with
very great accuracy, and, as a matter of course,
Mr. Mann's orchestra played to perfection and like
the splendid musicians they are. The concert on
Saturday was certainly the most brilliant and
successful we have had during the present season,

ritish Army Reform.

Sir CHARLES TREVELYAN has reproduced as a
pamphlet, his five letters to the Daily .News on
Army Reform. He brings a broad, liberal mind,
lengthened practical and official experience, together
with an intimate knowledge of detail, to bear upon
the subject, which is of greater importance than is
generally supposed. The British army system is rotten
to the core. It embodies more thatisobjectionable both
in theory and in practice, than any other institution
of the country. It is an inheritance of the worst

mes of English corruption, legalised by custom,
and continued with scarcely an effort at reform. It
is only lately that Line Regiments beyond a few thou-
sand men, served in England—the army being re-
moved from popular observation by its foreign
duties ; and thus abuses have been maintained,
wholly opposed to the spirit of our institutions.
Fairly to represent a nation, an army should em-
body all classes of the people ; but the British army
only represents two. The officers come from the
highest, the privates enlist from the lowest, and the
system Sir CHARLES condemns fosters and maintains
the disparity, placing between these extremes an im-
passable barrier. The absurdity is committed of
basing the supply of recruits on their voluntary act,
while every inducement to volunteer is withheld.
It is a well-known fact that men of energy, spiced
with a little ambition, will not adopt a calling which I
holds out no prospect of advancement; which sub-
jects its members to stringent restraints and in-
fringements on their liberty ; giving them in return
hut a bare pittance, condemning them to an exile
extending over three-fourths of their service, with-
out the gain that gilds and rewards a voluntary
exile's lot. The difficulty of obtaining recruits
grows steadily, and has now assumed serious pro-
portions. An attempt is being made to meet this
difficulty by patching—adding little bits to the per-
quisites and pay of the soldier. These efforts
are, however, futile, and must end in failure.
The system requires a radical reform. It
is opposed to the whole spirit of English
institutions, which daily grow more liberal, and if
it could be maintained—which it cannot, for it
must break down of its own weight unless re-
formed—it would end in a glaring and ridiculous
contrast. Englishmen demand a voluntary system
for their regular army. The supply under a volun-
tary system calls for strong inducements ; to main-
tain the voluntary system the strong inducements

must be given. Although the deduction is clear
the Government endeavours to avoid it, and seeks
to maintain the army on a plan which must
necessarily, and indeed has ended, in failure. The
way in which recruits are obtained is simply dis-
graceful to a civilised nation. The late Mr. GOD-
LEY, who for several years held the highest per-
manent post in the War-office, cmdemned it in the
strongest terms. " I believe that system," he said,
"to be essentially evil, based on falsehood and
fraud, and tending directly to infinite immorality.
I believe that no thoughtful man can have observed
the scenes that take place daily and nightly at the
taverns frequented by our recruiting staff, or the
head-quarters of a militia regiment on the day that
volunteers for the line are called for, without feeling
shame and disgust that such proceedings should
form part of the recognised machinery of the
British military service." Sir CHARLES says " the
recruiting of the army is conducted entirely in
public-houses, to which the recruits are inveigled
by bringers,' who are ' crimps' of the worst
description, touting about in all the lowest haunts
of a town." Failing, therefore, in proposing in-
ducements which honest and sober men can by a
free exercise of their judgment accept, this great
nation descends to the lowest form of trickery and
imposture. The consequence is that they get
together an army which it is found impossible to
keep together. In 1858 twenty-nine per cent. of
the army at home had their names inserted in the
Hue and Cry as deserters, or 20,360 men out of
70,000. Of these 18,212, or 33 per cent. to
strength, were from the line. In order to prevent
the army from disbanding, flogging was re-enacted
in the Mutiny Act of 1859, with a special applica.
tion to desertion, and the punishment now known
as " branding" was directed to be inflicted with
increased particularity.

The present Minister of War has, under pres-
sure of the House, introduced a motion to expunge
the clause, and flogging in times of peace will be
restricted to the crimes of mutiny, aggravated in-
subordination, and disgraceful conduct of an inde-
cent character, and even then will only be applic-
able to the few men in the army whose previous
misconduct has reduced them to the second class.
The lash, therefore, can have no further terror for
the deserter. Nor does the wholesale desertion re-
present the chief loss to the country. The British
army is the most expensive in the world. It stands
alone among those of all nations in the severity of
its foreign service. Enormous sums are demanded
from the taxpayers to meet the expenses of the
transport and support of the British soldier in
tropical countries. It is above all things necessary
that the men should be hardy in constitution, and
of careful and sober habits, to maintain their effi-
ciency under every vicissitude of climate, when the
expense of placing them in distant stations has been
so large. Every loss by death and invaliding, re-
presents a large sum sunk. Yet the system now in
force directly aims at securing the most dissolute,
reckless, and worthless class, those most calculated
under the circumstances to fill the hospitals and
graveyards. Nor does the evil end here. A drunken
debauched soldier, whose iron constitution defies alike
climate and dissipation, is a source of weakness in-
stead of strength. When at large his days are
passed in corrupting his comrades, in introducing
into the barrack-rooms immoral habits, and in
fighting against authority. But the chief
his time is consumed in military prisons part of
, where the
substance of the nation is wasted on him, and the
time of his comrades occupied in guarding him.
The waste in this way is beyond calculation. If the
Government has constructed the British army with
the direct intention of absorbing into its ranks
the
most worthless class of the ration with the view of
freeing the country from those that might be a
burden and a danger to it, we may
congratulate
it on its success ; and the plan, on the whole, may
not be without its moils. But if the national force,
on which England will some day have mainly to
rely for her very existence, is to be worked up to
such a standard as will then insure its thorough
efficiency, the whole system must be changed. 'We
hold with Sir CHALLES that PURCHASE is at the
root of the evil. It may not be apparent on the
surface, how the money qualification which regu-
lates the promotion of officers can affect the privates
in the ranks ; but we will endeavour to show this
in a future article. In the reformed Parliament
that England must soon have, the question of Army
Reform will be one of the earliest and greatest
subjects debated, and such pamphlets as that on the
Messrs. LONGMANS, GREEN,
publ theished pamphlet at a cheaper
Purchase System, by Sir CHARLES E. TREVELYAN,
if they desired to push this
will pave the way for generally acquainting people
with the facts.
and
epitome of the talented author's valuable know
ledge and experience iito general circulation.
,gmhttlwiaoveshillings
Anylo-Anterican lines.
rCaote. mthi

The Water Supply of London.

At the Royal Institution on Friday
evening the
water supply of London was the subject of a lecture
by Professor Frankland. He first pointed out the
importance of having a pod supply of water by re-
ferring to the statisics of cholera, showing that the
death rate caused by it it Loudon was proportioned
to the impurity of the water in
each district
Thus in 1854 the rate of mortality in those
parts that were supplied with water from the
Thames taken above Kew was Bin 10,000 ;
in the parts supplied from the river at.
Hammersmith it was 17 in 10,000 ; and where the
water supply was derived from the river lower down
than Hammersmith the death rate from cholera was
as high as 163 in 10,000. All the water now supplied
to London from the river Thames was taken above
Teddington Lock, and was in a comparative state
of purity. In the eastern part of London, which
was supplied from a reservoir at Old Ford below
high-water mark, the death-rate from cholera
had been very high. In consequence of the im-
proved supply of water to London, the death rate
from cholera last year at the West-end was from
2t012 in 10,000 ; while at the East-end of London,
where the water supply had not been improved,
it amounted to as much as from 63 to 111 in 10,000.
London is now supplied with water by nine com-
panies, with a quantity amounting daily to 108
million gallons, which is more than double the
supply in 1850. Five of the companies obtain the
water from the river Thames above Teddington
Lock, two from the New River and the Lea, add
two artesian wells. Different plans have been pro-
posed for supplying London with water from sources
of greater purity, one of which is to obtain it from
Bala Lake, and the surrounding district of North
Wales, at a distance of 183 miles from London
—the cost of the undertaking being estimated
at £8,600,000. From that source it is anticipated
that 200 millions of gallons might be supplied
to London daily. Another plan is to drive the water
from Cumberland Takes, at a distance of 240 miles,
but that undertaking
would involve the construction
of long tunnels, and the estimated cost i5£12,200,000.
The quantity to be obtained from that source would
be 200 millions of gallons daily for the metropolis,
and 50 millions of gallons for distribution to towns
on the route. The water rate on house property for
the supply from the first-named source would be
Is. Id. in the pound, which, high as it may seem, is
considerably less than the general cost of the
'he quality of the water
present water supply. a
from North Wales and from Cumberland is
nearly the same. The other plans for drawing
water from a distance have not been sufficiently
matured to deserve consideration. With respect to
the purity of the present water supply, Dr. Frank-
land stated that the quantity of solid matter varies
from 28 to 39 parts in 100,000. The test by per-
manganate of pans, which has hitherto been relied
upon for detecting the presence of organic matter in
water, has been found to be very fallacious, as was
shown by several experiments. The two principal
impurities in water consist of organic matter, and
the salts of lime and magnesia, which produce what
is called " hardness." The remarkable fact was
stated by Dr. Frankland that no sewage matter
is detectable in the water derived from the
Thames, though it receive the drainage of many
large towns before it reaches Teddington Lock. He
attributed this fact to the absorption of oxygen
from the atmosphere, but practical men who an