The Sun.
London, England, 1867-10-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LON DON, TUESDAY EVEMNG, OCTOBER 15, 1867

opiniov s of his own, which are not in accordance
with. 'the views of any particular school, or sug-
ges,t,ed at the dictation of any party leader.

Prince HOHENLOHE'S speech to the Bavarian
Thamber has given rise to a good deal of inquiry,
send it is no wonder that it should have done so on
many accounts. It is peculiar in itself, and it has
a great significance at the present time. It seems to
doubt the propriety of the proposed union with the
North German Federal Confederation, and the Prince
thus declares his views :—" Reasons of domestic and
foreign policy have induced Prussia to surround
the North German States with a form of Constitu-
tion, which certainly enjoys the merit of paving the
way for the political union of the North of Germany,
but which on that very account will probably
depart more and more from the character of a
Federal Constitution in the strict sense of the
word." Further on the Prince declares distinctly
that they do not want the entrance of Bavaria into
the North German Confederation, that they do not
want any constitutional alliance of the South Ger-
man States under the leadership of Austria, and
that they do not want a South-West German
Federal alliance. But what they do want
is the " national connection of the South
German States with the North German Con-
federation, and these, with the union of , non-
severed Germany, in the shape of an alliance of
States. This is the same object as the Wiedsburg
preliminaries and the Treaty of Prague recognise."
The foreign policy of Bavaria has been most care-
fully considered, and is most clearly shadowed
forth in this sketch, and the truth of the argument
here mentioned is undeniable. It is evident that
great doubts are entertained as to the policy of Prussia,
although it is not wise or prudent to give utterance
to them, but enough is said to show that the KING'S
Government recognises the importance of the situa-
tion in which it finds itself. It is a cheering sign
that so influential a place as Bavaria should thus
exhibit some independence, and give expression to
some definite policy, for of late it has been by far
too much the practice for Berlin to be taken as the
beginning and end of all policy, and for Count
BISMARCK'S intentions to be sought for as the index
to all change, bad, good, and indifferent, which is a
most undesirable conclusion to arrive at.

It has been remarked with some force that more
accurate information respecting the real character

and objects of Trades' Unions is likely to be obtained
by the inquiries into the actual outrages committed
in Sheffield and Manchester than by the more

elaborate commission presided over by Sir WILLIAM
EItLE. In spite of all the professions made by the
leading Unionists personal fear and interest are
the most powerful motives, and the knowledge that
equivocation or reserve may bring upon them direct
personal consequences has been of the greatest ser-
vice in eliciting the truth. Looking at the

question in the abstract, it is worthy of remark
that some of the most dangerous prin-
ciples of Trades' Unionism are freely admitted by

men of the better class who are misled into believing

them to be sound and just. The actual fosterers

of murder and outrage, we believe, in spite of the

arguments in their favour, to have been generally
swayed by less high-flown motives. The love of
money, and the desire to retain power and authority
which brought it, had a great deal more to do in
swaying their judgment than any anxiety about the
rights of labour or the freedom of trade. Some of

them confessed it openly. These were mostly the
actual perpetrators, who received six or ten pounds

for disabling a fellow-workman. One man said
openly in court, when asked if he had expected to
be paid for his crime, " Of course, that is what I
did it for." We cannot trace out all the ramifica-

ions, but could they be brought to light the mis-

taken enthusiast 3 and illogical reasoners, who are
doubtless to be found among the ranks of
the unionists in Sheffield and Manchester
and other districts, would be not a little
surprised at the " ruling passion " of their heads.
At the same time, while men are to be found who
argue upon the belief that the Unions are justified

in attaining their ends by any means in their power,
it is not possible to stifle altogether the consciences
of large bodies of men. We see proof of this in the
manner in which the outrages and the funds paid
for them are kept in the dark away from the open
cognisance of the members. The society shrinks

from acknowledging its own deeds, however in-
geniously they may be disguised Under specious
titles, and while an unscrupulous section for

their own ends carry on the evil work the
majority of the members prefer to know
nothing of what goes on. They never ask
awkward questions, they accept the most trans-
parent equivocations, and never look too closely

into falsified accounts. The books are often made
up in a manner whict implies that the funds are
mainly used for legitimate purposes, such as insur-
ances paid on the death or superannuation of the
members—a proceeding for which there is no reason
but the consciousness that public opinion would be
against them if the whole truth were told. In the
same way, in deference to the strong and unanimous
verdict against the conduct and policy of the
union, meetings have been held denouncing in un-
measured terms the crimes and offences recently

brought to light. Much reliance must not
be placed on virtuous indignation so opportunely
displayed, while a good deal of the truth must have
been long before suspected, if not actually known.
We have a curious sample of the confusion of
ideas under which sonic of these unionists labour, in
the copy of a resolution passed, with only one dis-
sentient, by a public meeting held in the Temper-
ance Hall, Sheffield, on September 30. The tem-
perate character of the hall does not appear to have
influenced the minds of the speakers, and the
extraordinary jumble of the Jamaica insurrection with
the English strikes, of the misconduct of the Sheffield
bench of magistrates, and the ruling of the Lord Chief

Justice, does not speak very well for the strength of
the complainants' case. If the one dissentient pre.

sent accused himself by analysing the terms of the
resolution he might very well have objected to it on
its score of logic it nothing else. It comments in-
dignantly upon 'the difference between the treatment
of Governor -BYRE and Lieut. BRAND, " caressed
while their hands were yet reeking with the blood
of their murdered victims," and of the wit-
nessses before the Sheffield Commission, thereby
impl3:ing that they were likewise mur-
dev:ers. It holds that the present move-
T.nent against Trades' Unions is a conspiracy
( on the part of the governing classes to crush the
liberties of the working men and their means of
defence. It maintains that all trade outrages,
strikes, and rattenings " are the inevitable conse-
.quences of one-sided and unjust laws"—an indis-
putable fact, only the laws happen to have been
made by the men instead of by the masters !
"So long as the working classes are treated as
outlaws, it is not only their right, but their bounden
duty, to make and enforce such laws and regu-
lations as will enable them to maintain their
wives and. families in comfort by their labour."
We shout.. like to hear what the wives and families
have to s. ay about the " comfort" of strikes, or the
satidaeth JR of havingacanof gunpowder put down the
kitchen dirjaney ! There never was a time, we are

told, "in which the working men of England, more
especially of Sheffield, were so imperatively called
upon to be firm and united against the insidious
attempts of their enemies to break up their unions
and means of defence." Defence against what?
Scarcely the tyranny of the masters, whom one of
the commissioners not inaptly described as " a lot of
sheep." The famous motto of the Volunteers might
very well be reversed for the banners of
-the Trades'
Unions, and stand as " Defiance, not De-
fence." Defence is scarcely possible against a
secret and übiquitous foe, to whom human-
life and human sufferings is as nothing when com-
pared to the maintenance of a selfish and unscrupu-
lous power. But what are these " partial and un-
just man-made laws" which justify every crime ?
They cannot be the laws of the land, as generally
observed, for the unionists treat them with sovereign
contempt. There is no law to regulate the price of
labour or the rate of wages in any trade. All that
the law has done is to interfere on behalf of the
working man to regulate the hours of labour,
and secure him from excessive work. There
are laws, indeed, against malicious combination ;
but, judging from the evidence of facts, they seem
to be of very little force. What, then, are these
particular laws that press so hardly upon working
men, and reduce them "to a level with serfs ?" It
is a pity that our informants do not condescend to
enlighten us, as doubtless they have the whole
statute-book by heart. The resolution concludes
by adjuring the men " to have faith in themselves and
each other ;" a degree of confidence very difficult to
attain when no man who misses his weekly half-crown
or objects to six months' idleness, can be sure that
his next door neighbour may not be throwing vitriol
in his face or ornamenting his kitchen with glass
bottles full of gunpowder. What matter ? The
Union must be kept up as long as a decaying trade
and vanishing capital will allow. Aprs moi le
deluge, say Messrs. BROADHEAD, CROOSES, and
Company ; and if long words and unmeasured abuse
can avert the catastrophe till then they will not
mind the result.

was very imposing. Tiae mourning coaches were
20 in number. There were about 15 military
bands, who played the " Dead March in Saul," and
the muffled drums were beaten at intervals. The
rush at Pere la Chaise was terrific, but everything
was conducted with great order. The tomb is a
very simple one, and at present has only the name
" Achille Fould" upon the centre. Round it are
the initials A. F., and there are now several itn-
mortelles. It is in the grand avenue, and about
three minutes walk to the left from the entrance.
The private carriages were about 100 in number.
The military was composed of both cavalry and
infantry. The new pastor of the Oratoire and the
clergy and officers of the church followed im-
mediately after the hearse. All the leading
mourners were in uniform or full dress.

The Emperor was represented by General Rollin,
the Empress by Dukc Tascher de la Pagerie, and
Prince Napoleon by Colonel Bisani, his aide-de-
camp.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE CITY OF ANTWERP.
(Via Queenstown.)

The Inman steamer City of Antwerp, from New
York, on the sth inst., arrived at Queenstown, at
6.45 a.m. to-day (Oct. 14). She brings 21 passen-
gers and £1,500 in specie. She lauded mails, and
proceeded for Liverpool at 7 a.m.

NEW YORK, Oct. 15.

General Canby has ordered the military of North
Carolina not to oppose the civil processes of the
Federal Courts.

The election in Alabama has resulted in favour
of the Reconstruction Convention. The whites
took little interest in the election.

During the election proceedings in Louisiana the
white citizens attacked the negro voters at the polls
in Jefferson city. Several negroes were wounded,
and the leader of the rioters was killed.

The military quelled the disturbance.
The registry board of Louisiana has been dis-

charged.

The rumours of Cabinet changes are revived.

It is reported that Mr. M'Culloch will soon retire,
and that Mr. Thomas Eaving will succeed him.
The New York State Democratic Convention
was assembled yesterday. It nominated Mr.

Homer Nelson Secretary of the State, and the other
candidates for the approaching election. Resolu-
tions were adopted pledging the party to redeem
the State from corruption and misrule, and de-
nouncing the attempt of Congress to enforce negro
supremacy in the South by military rule.

The New York tribune says that General Butler
has announced that he will introduce, in next Con-
gress, a bill for the payment of the national debt

in currency.
Seventy-five deaths from yellow fever took place
at New Orleans yesterday.

Advices from Mexico to the 10th ult. state that
Admiral Tegethoff was still negociating to obtain
the body of the late Emperor Maximilian.

Santa Anna remained a prisoner at Vera Cruz.

ARRIVAL OF THE BREMEN.
SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 15.

The North German Lloyd steamship Bremen
from New York arrived here to-day with 65 pas-
sengers for this port, Havre, and Bremen, 40 sacks
of mails, $111,813 in bar silver, and $19,992 in
gold for England ; $35,188 in bar silver, and
$11,252 in gold for France.

During the passage she spoke the Bremen bark
Columbian, the British bark .2Eolus, and the Prus-

sian ship Armenia.

NEW YORK, Oct. 3 (Morning).

General Canby has issued orders limiting the
powers of the provost courts in the second military
district. It is expected he will modify General
Sickles' order for the closing of bar-rooms.

The elections for Alabama were concluded yes-
terday. The voting was light.
A company of General Brom nlow's militia took
forcible possession of the mayor's office and the
municipal records at Nrshville, and installed the
newly-elected Radical officials, the old officials
yielding under protest.
General Grant has issued an order permitting
all officers absent from the fifth district to remain
absent for the Present, on account of the prevalence
of yellow fever.
General Sheridan yesterday visited the Patterson
races at New Jersey. He was enthusiastically
received.

General Butler has published another letter in
favour of the payment of 5.20 United States Bonds
in currency. The New York Herald strongly
endorses General Butler's views.

Senor Romero has been entertained at a public
banquet by the citizens of New York. Letters
were read from Mr. Seward, General Grant, and
Mr. Thaddeus Stevens to Senor Romero expressive
of their sympathy with the Mexican Republic.
The reciprocity treaty with the United States has
been ratified by the llawaian Government.

SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 15.

The Hamburg and American Company's steam-
ship Hammonia from New York passed the Needles
at 9.30 a.m. to-day.

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Oct. 14 (Evening)

Advices received here from the Roman frontier
announce that the Papal Zouaves had attacked with
cavalry and artillery the town of Nerola, where the
insurgents were concentrating under the orders of
Menotti Garibaldi, but after a fierce encounter the
Papal troops were beaten and pursued as far as
Monte Maggiore, whither they retreated in great
disorder with heavy loss. The losses of the instil..
gents were five killed and fifteen wounded.
Intelligence from Rome announces that on the
night of the 12th in,st. many arrests were raade.
Several of the Florence journals contain articles
in refutation of those recently published by the
France and Patric. The Opinione defends the atti-
tude of the Italian Cabinet, and says :—" The
vigilance of the Government cannot be augmented,
it having adopted every possible measure to fulfil
its duty towards France."
The same paper defends the attitude of the
Roman people, and says :—" The day that the in-
terests of the country and the monarchy, of order
and of liberty, shall require it, or when the Romans
shall call upon us, or France attempt to interfere,
our troops must enter the Papal States. We urge
the Ministry to follow this policy. To recede
from it would be abdication ; it would be the aban-
donment of Rome to a single party, and would
create inextricable difficulties both in the pre-
sent and the future. We must march resolutely
forward, despite every menace of intervention. A
Government that separates itself from the national
will condemns itself to impotency, but the Go-
vernment that does so in consequence of the
threats of foreign Powers, even be they friends
and allies, would never again be able to raise its
head before the country."

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, Oct. 14 (Evening',

To-day the Emperor was waited upon by a depu-
tation from the Common Council of Vienna, who
presented his Majesty with au address, intended as

a counter appeal to the recent address of the Austrian
prelates on the subject of education and the Con-
cordat. [The text of both these addresses has
already been published.] The Emperor received
the deputation most graciously, and declared that
he would refer their address to the Cabinet. He
also said, " I must express my conviction that the
Municipal Council, whose active endeavours for the
amelioration and perfection of the system of educa-
tion for the people I fully recognise, is far from
being desirous to lessen in any way the influence
exercised by religion over the public schools, the
characters of the teachers, or the nature of the
instruction, for this deputation will I am sure share
with me the persuasion that religon must ever form
the most essential basis of all true and moral popu-
lar education."

VIENNA, Oct. 15.

The Emperor's departure for Paris is fixed for
the 21st inst. His Majesty will dine at Salzbourg
and pass the night at Nancy, arriving at Paris in
the afternoon of the 22d.

The statement that Baron Beust is about to go
to London is unfounded. The idea was mooted
that the Emperor might possibly avail himself of
being at Paris to pay a flying visit to Queen Vic •
toria. Should, however, the Emperor revert to
this intention, Baron Beust will accompany his
Majesty.