The Sun.
London, England, 1867-12-09 00:00:00

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY.

From official sources we learn that the heavy
masonry section at Mount Union, on the line of
the Pennsylvania Railway Company, having been
completed, they have been enabled to open their
double track, the entire length of their main line-
between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh ; on a portion
of their line they have a third track as well. The
nett earnings of this company for the first nine
months of their fiscal year, applicable to dividends
on their common shares, have already reached nearly
twelve per cent. on the capital stock.
"To persons given to ideal recreation, and to
whom it is a joy to contemplate an imaginary rail-
road built in opposition to the Pennsylvania Rail-
road between the Delaware River and the Ohio
State line, it might be of advantage to consider the
probable efficiency and possible capacity of the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company when it shall have
added to its two tracks a third track, and to its
third track a fourth track, between Philadelphia
and Pittsburg !

"The Pennsylvania Railroad passes through water-
gates across the entire mountain system of Penn-
sylvania, the Allegheny main summit excepted,
along rivers which have their sources in the crest
of the Allegheny, where it is pierced by a tunnel.
From the west portal of the Allegheny tunnel the
Pennsylvania Railroad descends along the Cone-
maugh and out and on through open passes in Laurel
mountain and Chestnut ridge ; from the east portal
of the Allegheny tunnel the Pennsylvania Railroad
descends along the Juniata through a succession of
sundered mountain chains and ridges till the Sus-
quehanna is reached, and thence along the Susque-
hanna till the South mountain, the last of the
series, is passed through. Where the mountain
passes are narrow, and the mountain sides precipi-
tous, the tracks may be divided to occupy both edges
of the available water-way.

" This line, whatever may be done in the folly
and madness of opposition in after years, will re-
main master of the situation. By appropriating
two tracks to freight trains, fast freight can he
started off in advance, leaving unobstructed right of
way for heavy freight on slow time ; the passenger
tracks to be appropriated to express and accommo-
dation trains, so that different speeds may be run
and harmony of motion preserved, as per time table
adjusted to the requirements of local and through
travel, and to economy in transportation of fast and
slow freight—slow time being conducive to profit
in the freight Opartment.

'.'-The Pennsylvania Railroad in its present con-
dition is .the greatest of the trunk lines between the
East and the West ; and the Pennsylvania Railroad
in its foreshadowed enlargement of track and train
capacity will maintain its rank as the best outlet to
the ocean, from the network of iron roads in the
Mississippi Valley ; also and likewise as the Atlantic
end of a dominant national trunk line through the
zone of States on the fortieth parallel across the
Continent, with as many discharging train-ways in
cities on tide water as there are mouths of the
Mississippi River emptying into the Gulf, from
20,000 miles of inland river navigation."—Phila-
delphia Railroad Register.

CINCINNATI, November 19.—The reorganisation
of the Mississippi Railway is complete. The new
board of directors are Wm. Aspinwall, James W.
Allsop, Allan Campbell, William Whitenight, jun.,
S. F. Odell, W. Scarborough, Larp Anderson,
William D. Griswold, Alexander H. Lewis, John
H. Ross, Samuel and Lewis B. Parsons. William
D. Griswold was elected president, Alexander H.
Lewis vice-president, and John W. Conlove gene-
ral superintendent.- The new corporation closed
the settlement of the -difficulties with the city of
Cincinnati, and secured all desirable accommodation
in the city. - -
The gross earnings of the Vermont• Central and
Vermont and Canada Railr.oads in the year ending
with last May were $1,783,991, the total -expendi-
ture $1,300,863, and the net earnings $483,128.
Since June 1, the earnings show an increase of
$42,734 over the same months last year. To
meet maturing liabilities $146,896 ara held in re-
serve. •

Worcester, Massachusetts, talks of building a
new depot, to accommodate all the railroads cen-
treing there.

The next Legislature of Massachusetts will be
petitioned to charter a branch of the New London
Northern Railroad from Palmer, through Wilbra-
ham, Ludlow, and Chicopee, to Holyoke.
The IVall-Street Journal tells us :—" A meeting
to organise a company for the building of a railroad
along the shore of Lake Ontario, from Oswego to
Lewistown, on the Niagara River, a distance of
140 miles, has been held in Oswego. The
capital stock is $4,000,000, which, it is estimated
by competent engineers, will build and equip it
ready for use.

The Directory of the St. Paul and Lake Superior
Railroad Company has been reorganised, and now
embraces the names of J. Edgar Thomson and
Samuel M. Felton, of Pennsylvania ; Isaac Hinck-
ley, President of the Philadelphia and Baltimore
Railroad ; J. Moorhead, of the firm of Jay, Cooke,
and Co., and R. M'Comb, National Pacific Rail-
road. The work on the road is in active progress.
The Special Committee on Southern Railroads
has concluded the wJrk of taking testimony, and
the report to be made to Cougresi is now in course
of preparation. It will show that the companies
have paid their indebtedness to the Government as
rapidly as they could ; that they have been doing
very little business since the close of the war, but
that it has been gradually improving.

13Plitil GE

JOURNALS.

These are the moralisings of the Times on the cata-
strophe of Friday night, which deprived the metropolis of
one of its largest theatres :—Well, we must be allowed
our say, for we have our say, and, at the risk of seeming
evil comforters, a duty to discharge. Of course, it is idle
to say that a theatre ought not to be burnt. This edifice,
too, was built, one may say, before the days of iron, and,
as we have observed, before the introduction of the most
dangerous features of the modern stage. It is for
the future that we venture to repeat the warnings
offered on some former like catastrophes. There
is no reason whatever, we believe, why a theatre
should not be entirely fire-proof. Where a boarded
floor is necessary it can be laid over iron and
concrete, and in that situation it will only burn very
slowly, and can soon be extinguished. Walls, roofs, stair-
cases, passages, can all be made of uninfiammable material.
Of course, the danger is in the scenery and mechanism,
and that must always be considerable ; but we are aware
of no reason why a fire-proof curtain should not be
usually left hanging between the stage and the orchestra,
and why the apparatus should not be left to burn
itself out where it is. The contingency to be con-
sidered is a fire breaking out during a performance,
the house itself probably unusually full —of holi-
day folks, we will say, at Christmas -time. Had
this fire broken out on Saturday instead of Friday,
the audience would have had to make good their retreat
much quicker than they are usually able to do, and that
in the confusion of a panic. If anybody will just reflect
on the delays often encountered even in a house not very
full, and when the ebbing stream flows regularly and
evenly, he will see the possibility of a very bad quarter of
an hour before eleven o'clock last Friday. A theatre
is, or ought to be, entirely under public control, as to the
plan of the edifice, as to the precautions against fire, and
as to the character of the entertainment, and no design
ought to pass the authorised surveyor unless it fulfils
all the conditions of safety, both as to the material
and the plan. But, considering the facility and the
cheapness of fireproof constructions, they ought to
be held indispensable in a matter where life is so largely
concerned. The audience of a theatre during the per-
formance of a pantomime, or an extravaganza, or a sensa-
tional drama, is in the position of travellers by an express
train, or perhaps we ought to say an excursion train, run-
ning the gauntlet of any number of difficulties and possible
obstructions. In this,case everything is either guaranteed
by the State-in regard to the permanent way, or under the
protection of immense penalties in the shape of verdicts.
It is true the State can never go behind the scenes, and
check the lavish use of lights and fire among the most
inflammable canvas scenes and apparatus. But the State
can secure that the plan of the building shall confine to
the smallest compass the inevitable danger from these
sources.

The Post remarks that if the population of Rome were
to rise cn mane and proclaim their union with Italy, it
would be no part of the duty of France to intervene.
That much is conceded—not, perhaps, by M. Rouher, but
incontestably by the Convention of the 15th September.
Of course, if the Holy Father can rule his own house,
even as the Czar governs in Poland, he is at liberty so to
do. That only concerns the conscience of Catholicism.
Cavour, it may be owned, strained international law to
meet a moral requirement. It is competent to the Pope-
King to put down insurrection, and to restore order to the
best of his ability. The question is whether an opportunity
of establishing the spiritual power of the Papacy on a
better, purer, and more abiding foundation should be
Unproved. Italy can wait, and ought to be able to dis-
count delay. But it is not given to any Power to say to
the advancing wave of an acknowledged aspiration,
" Hitherto shalt thou come, and no farther ;" and nothing
can be more irritating than an attempt to define the limits
in which a struggle for national existence is to be carried
out. The Revolutionary party andthe Reactionary party
aro actively at work, and, seeing that between them Italy
might be lost in a moment of hesitation or of imprudence,
it behoves her well-wishers to set a guard upon their words,
.and more particularly when those words are supposed to
express the views of a friendly Government.
The Telegraph, taking up the same subject, thus writes :
The force of the words attributed to Messieurs de Mous.
tier and Rouher may in some quarters have been exag-
gerated, and it_ is well to remember that on several occa.
sions, in the excess of their zeal, the official exponents of
the Emperor's policy have gone beyond his real meaning.
Still, we cannot disguise from ourselves that the purport
of the recent debates in Paris is to shew that France
will not consent to the annexation of Rome. No doubt
such a statement is bitterly galling to Italian pride,
and is sure to create popular resentments, which
will operate in the future course of public events. But
until the Italians are able to maintain their own inde-
pendence, it would be undignified for them to quarrel with
the bare assertion of a supremacy to which they submit as
a matter of fact. Their Senate has acted wisely and with
dignity in reply to the menaces of French politicians, by
calmly reiterating the nation's claim to its chosen capital,
and declining to take further action upon the matter.
To know how to wait is the lesson which Cavour taught

Italy. A disregard of the truthful lesson has brought her
to her present plight, and the patient work of years will
be required to undo the evil which a few days of feverish
action have entailed upon a country which it is possible to
love, not wisely, but too well.

The Daily News informs us that as the year 1867 draws

to a close there appear but few symptoms of that revival
of public confidence which has been so anxiously awaited
during the last eighteen months. Trade remains inert.
Certainly the totals of our foreign exports appear fairly
good, but against this must be set the fact that our internal
commerce—a far greater question—is even more inactive
than could be expected from the financial and political
circumstances of the day. People seem afraid to
buy or sell, merchants to traffic, manufacturers
to produce. Yet there is no reason to believe

that the intrinsic wealth of the country has ex-
perienced any diminution. Some individuals must have
directly suffered severely, or perhaps been utterly ruined,
by the ireat joint-stock failures of the past and present
year ; but, nevertheless, the unfortunate losers form but
a small minority of the nation. The indirect effect of

these scandals still remains. Distrust appears, for the
moment, nearly inerasable. As a rule, capital is every-

where kept back. Probably on no previous occ-tsion have
the deposits in the banks been on so large a scale as now.
The effect on the money market is seen by the low rates
of discount which still prevail, notwithstanding. the with-
drawals of gold from the Bank of England. A year and
a half ago similar operations caused the Bank rate to be
maintained at 10 per cent., with its consequent pr-.9sure
on commerce. Now it is somewhat languidly deoated
whether the same movement will end in a rise of from 2
to 2i per cent.

In commenting on the conviction of Baker for the
atrocious crime of the 24th of August, the Herald says :
If it be conceded that there was actually no motive for the
crime, we think no stronger instance could be found of that
peculiar form of mania which has been denominated moral
insanity, which, according to those who believe in its
existence, consists of a disordered state of the feelings,
passiops, and emotions, and which may perfectly well co-
exist with an entirely undisturbed condition of the purely
intellectual faculties. This kind of insanity is said to exist
apart from any sort of hallucination or illusion,and to exhibit
itself merely in a radical perversion of the moral sentiments.
The 'existence of such a malady, however, is most stre-
nuously controverted by a very large and authoritative
section of those who have devoted their attention to the

consideration of the subject, and it is certain iiiai-aT;

practical theory it is unkilom%n to the law of this country,
wHich, whether philosophically or not, makes the exist-
ence or non-existence of delusion the test of insanity when
that plea is put forward to absolve an accused person from
criminal responsibility. Of any such aberration of mind

in the present case there was pot a tittle of proof; and if
Baker had been acquitted, the jury would have lent their

sanction to the doctrine, which, however plausible in
theory, is mischievous and inapplicable in practice, that
moral depravity when it becomes sufficiently aggravated
is to be denominated insanity, and dealt with as such.,
The Standard considers that it will be necessary for the
President of the United States to act with extreme cau-
tion and tact. He is not popular, his sympathies with the
South are suspected, his constitutionalism is stricter than
the people altogether approve, as it would seem to involve
the complete restoration of all—except slavery—that the
South has lost by the war, and any assumption of autho-
rity en his part to decide a constitutional question or
to undertake reconstructive measures of his own—

uay, any expressions too violent or too severe against

his .adversaries, would probably, once more turn the
tide. of public favour. All that he can safely or
wisely do is, to watch for the blunders of his enemies.
If he can be patient enough to wait, cool enough to refrain
from angry expressions or hasty deeds, and wise enough
to hold his tongue as to any ulterior hopes or purposes
beyond the immediate preservation of the constitutional
rights of the people, he may probably defy the utmost
malice of Congress, resist its threats of deposition, and
live to witness the accomplishment by his successor of
that reunion which he cannot now achieve himself. But
any imprudence or outbreak of temper on his part may
involve the greatest misfortunes ; may entail on his policy
a severe defeat, on the South a peotracted military
tyranny, and permanent industrial ruin ; on the United
States at large a political entanglement out of which we
can see no other issue than the despotic government of a
_

minority, or civil war for its destruction.
In referring to the dreadful case of starvation at Brom-
ley, the Star regrets that false pride should have kept the
unhappy man Pritchard from the workhouse. Indepen-
dence is very well, but it maybe carried too far ; and there
is no independence in abstaining from recourse to the
proper national fund for the relief of unavoidable and
otherwise remediless distress. We may be very sure
that this poor man Pritchard paid his rates regu-
larly when in health and possessed of means, and
the State to which he did his duty is bound to
see that he and his shall not perish of hunger and cold
when be can no longer earn food and fuel. There
ought to be no sense of obligation in the matter, and if
there had been none Pritchard would probably have kept
his health, and found, after an interval, some means of
supporting his family in credit and in honour. Depend
upon it, there is no pride more false than that which makee
honest and respectable people prefer starvation to the
union. It is a relic of days when poor relief was corruptly
and disgracefully administered. It should be entirely
banished ix time clay;

_FENIAN MOVEMENM,

The " funeral'procession at Dublin was looked forward
to with some anxiety. A revised programme that was
issued contained the following arrangements :
It is recommended that the male portion of the pro•'
cession will wear crape on their left arms, tied with green
ribbon as a mourning emblem. The ladies will display the
same emblem on their head-dress. The various trade
societies are recommended to march in bodies to the place
of assembly, and fall into the most convenient places in tho
procession.

" The committee request that all sympathisers will join
in the ranks of the procession, and not remain as spec-
tators along the line of route.

"The committee respectfully request that the licensed
vintners of Dublin will allow their shops to remain closed
during the day up to six o'clock p.m., to add to the
solemnity of the occasion, and give their young men an
opportunity of joining the procession,
" The bands of Dublin, which, owing to the pressure of
time, have not been specially invited, are respectfully re-
quested to give their assistance to this national demonstra-
tion.

" Peace, order, and regularity are to be the order of the
day. " God save Ireland 1

"B 1 order of the Cominittee,

" Jun? MARTIN, Chiliii3ll:"

The funeral passed off quietly, The day was very wet.
About 16,000 walked in procession, including 3,000 or
4,000 women and children. All wore green rosettes or
sashes and crape. Several thousands in the streets
dis-
played the same emblems. Eleven bands played the
Dead March in " Saul," " Adeste Fideles," " Sa-
vourneen Dheelish," and other tunes. When pass-
ing the spot where Emmett was hanged, in Thomas-
street, the processionists uncovered heads, and many
cheered. On arrival at Glasnevin they were addressed by
Mr. John Martin, who denounced the " malignant policy"
of England, and said that the three men whose memory
they were met to honour were not murderers, but pious
and virtuous men, who feared God and loved their
country. For that love they were doomed to an ignomi-
nious death at the hands of the British hangman. The
death of those men was legal murder—the act of English
poNoy, the policy of the nation which, through jealousy and
hatred of their nationality, had by fraud and force de-
stroyed their inder eadence. They had since endured
sixty-seven years of insult and robbery, of impoverish-
ment, extermination, and suffering beyond what any
other people had ever endured from a foreign master. A
vast number of Irishmen whom oppression of English
rule forbade to live in their own country had in America
learned to become soldiers, and seemed resolved to make
war on England. She was in a panic in consequence, and
hoped to strike terror into Irishmen by legal murder. He
continued at some length in this strain.
The prisoners Francis and William Foley, James Ryall,
and John Deane, who are. charged with being concerned
in the robbery of arms from the house of Captain Barry,
Ballyclough, have been brought up on remand at the
Fermoy Courthouse. The informations taken against
them had been submitted to the authorities in Dublin at
the request of their attorney, and the magistrates an-
nounced that the decision arrived at was that the accused
should be sent for trial at the Assizes on a charge of
"'reason-felony.

A publican named Maguire, who keeps the Harp
Tavern in Newry—his sign being the representation of
a harp without a crown—was brought before the magis-
trates at petty sessions on a charge'of having in his pos-
session an unlicensed pistol, together with a book of
instructions for the pike exercise, and receipts for making
explosive compounds. The discovery of the illegal articles
was made accidentally by the police while searching for
arms and seditious documents in connection with the arrest
of a lodger in'the house on a charge of Fenianism. He
was bound in his own recognisances to appear and take
his trial at the quarter sessions.