The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-15 00:00:00

y
C
--‘

. 21,293.

SPORTING NOTES.

AGRICULTURE IN THE PUNJAUB.

NEWMARKET SECOND OCTOBER MEETING.

The state of agriculture, the prospects of tea
planting, of flax cultivation, and the development
of the resources of the Punjaub generally, is a sub-
ject of paramount importance.
Some years ago the Punjaub Agricultural Society
instituted a series of inquiries regarding the state.
and practice of agriculture in that country. The
result of the inquiries proved that with the excep-
tion of Rawulpindee, the countries Trans-Indus,
and the hill districts of Kote Kangra and Simla,
the face of the country was one uniformly level
plain, varied only by depressions several miles in
length, forming the five rivers which flow through
the plains and unite in Scinde. These low lands are
full of fine alluvial deposit, and are enriched by par-
tial inundations every year. They are tracts of
great natural fertility, and abundance of the best
water for irrigation is obtained a very few feet
from the surface. The ground between one basin
and the other of adjoining rivers is higher by
several feet, and comparatively dry and unproduc-
tive. Portions toward the south are either not cul-
tivated at all, or are barren and covered with jungle
and sandy waste, yet the soil is friable, and has for
the most part a fair admixture of loam and sand,
requiring the command of water only to fit it for
the highest cultivation. Nearing the hills, and
eastward of a line drawn from the point of junction
of the Sutlej and Beas rivers through Umritsir,
Wuzecrabad, and Jhelum, the whole surface is a
scene of uninterrupted fertility and richness, to the
base of the lolyest range of hills which bound the
plains of the north-east. The cultivated products
of the countries, though such differences exist in the
levels of the surface, are much the same in all.
Wheat, barley, sugar-cane, maize, and millet, are
the staples of the whole country, with some cotton,
hemp, tobacco, pulses, and vegetables of several
sorts. _ _ _

Tie sport of last week was of the most attractive charac-
ter. The withdrawal of Dundee, however, from the Clear-
well and Prendergast Stakes deprived them of the interest
which would otherwise have attached to them. Mr.
Merry, however, had a good represcntatve in Folkestone,
who had no difficulty in cutting down thi moderate lot op-
posed to him in the Clearwell Stakes; but he was unsuc-
cessful in the Prendergast Stakes with the Phemy colt,
who had to succumb to Preceptross by a aead. Mr. Merry
has now two good strings to his bow for text year's Derby,
in Folkestone and Dundee, and I would not bo surprised if
Folkestone should turn out the Lest on the eventful day.
However, those who back them at present are sure to have
rare hedging during the winter, as they are both sure to see
a short price. Three came to the post for the 100 Sovs
Sweepstakes, and Sir J. Hawley's Venus filly was made a
rattling favourite with 6t04 on her. Sae, however, in no
way justified such odds, for she compounded the moment
she was collared, and Roesia, the extreme outsider in the
betting, won by three-quarters of a length from Eda, the
favourite being at least four lengths behind them. Roesia
is engaged in the Cambridgeshire with the moderate weight
of sst 71b, nearly 2st less than Dulcibella, and no doubt will
give the winner of the Cesarowitch some trouble.
There were only 27 starters for the Cesarewitch, being
the smallest field we have had for sonie time.

EXETER, YEOVIL,
and WEST of ENGLAND,
by the Direct Central Line.—The Third-Class Train
leaves Waterloo-bridge Station each Week-day at 7.45 a.m.,
and is due to arrive at Exeter at 2.45 p.m.
Express Train -from- Waterloo-bridge at 9 a.m., due at
Exeter at 2 'p.m.
Ordinary Trains at 7.45, 11 am and 3 p.m.

GREAT INDIAN
_PENINSULA RAILWAY

COMPANY.
TWENTY-SECOND HALF-YEARLY GENERAL
N EETING. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the TWENTY-
SECOND HALF-YEARLY GENERAL MEETING of the
PROPRIETORS in this COMPANY will be held at the
London Tavern, Bishopsgate-street, London, on Wednesday,
the 31st day of October inst., at Twelve o'clock at Noon pre-
cisely, for the genets.' business of the Company, pursuant to
the Act.
The Books for the registration of shares will be Closed
from Thursday, the 18th, to Wednesday, the 31st instant, in-
clusive, and Transfers,will not he received during that period
•
By order.
r - THOS. R. WATT, Secretary.
ComMny's Offices 3, New Broad-street, E.C.,
London, MI October, 1800.

On Friday next, in 16mo, price 7s. 6d. cloth,
THE WIT and WISDOM of the Rev.
SYDNEY SMITH: A Selection of the most memor-
able passages in his Writings and Conversation.
London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.

THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CCXXVIII.
Was published on SATURDAY LAST.

CONTENTS.
I. Recent Geographical Researches.
11. Memoirs of the Master of Sinclair.
Max Muller's Ancient Sanskrit Literature.
IV. Grotius and the Sources of International Law.
V. The Churches of the Holy Land.
VI. The Grand Remonstrance.
VII. Scottish County Histories.
VIII. Brain Difficulties.
IX. The United States under Mr. Buchanan.
London : Longman and Co. Edinburgh : A. and C. Black.

They got away at the first attempt, the front division
being composed of Moorcock, Killigrew, Optimist, Dulci-
bella, Heiress, Plumper, Lady Trespass, Ben Webster, The
Prophet, Golden Pippin, and
.*ix William; whilst the
middle and hinder lot consisteeOf Stapleton, Viatka, The
Alderman, Newcastle, Cape Flyaway, Comforter, Rising
Sun, Ancient Briton, Feodorowna, Mavourneen, Barabbas,
and Glendinning. When they had settled into their places
the running was taken up at a good pace by Moorcock,
Killigrew going at his side, Dulcibella, Heiress, Lady Tres.
prss, and Golden Pippin being in close order. They ran
thus to the Ditch Gap, where Dulcibella, full of running,
and pulling hard, rushed to the front, and on passing the
bushes Golden Pippin was beaten, and only five were actu-
ally in the race—viz., Dulcibella, Optimist, Moorcock,
Heiress, and Lady Trespass. About half-way up the hill
Sadler took a pull at Dulcibella, but midway between the
cords she shot out, quitted her horses at every stride, and
won in the commonest of canters by tea lengths. There
was a length and a half between the second and third
horses. Moorcock was a tolerable fourth, and Lady Tres-
pass fifth. Ben Webster, Cape Flyaway, Feodorowna, and
Plumper headed the next lot. The last trio consisted of
Viatka, Starke, and The Prophet. Fortune again smiled on
my selection. On Monday last I wrote as follows :—" To
choose between such a lot of animals as these enumerated
is no easy matter. Those that I expect the winner to
spring from are COAIFORTEE, OPTIMIST, 'HEIRESS, DUI,
CIBELLA, MAVOURNEEN, and SIGNET." From the above
it will be seen that in my lot against the field I had the
good luck to name the first, second, and third horses, two
of them being at 20 to 1 when I made my prophecy. Of
course the result of the race had a material effect on the
betting for the Cambridgeshire, as little as 4 to 1 being
taken about the winner.

A LBERT and, MEDICAL LIFE ASSURANCE
-La. COMPANY, 7, Waterloo-place. Pall-mall, Loudon, S.W.
Established 1838.
The Bnsinesg of the Medical, Invalid, and General Life
Assurance Society having been amalgamated with the Albert
Life Assurance Company, the united businesses will hence-
forth be carried on under the above title.

Accumulated Fund exceeds ..-csoci,ooo
Subscribed Capital' 447,180
Paid up Capital .. .. 137,000
Annual Income froth Life Premiums upwards of 220,000
The new business, is now progressing at the rate of more
than £25,000 per annum. _

From Professor De Morgan's Report upon the last valua-
tion of liabilities (end of 1858), and the statements of accounts,
it appeared at that time that the surplus in favour of the
Albert business alone, after providing for every liability, was
£192,925 2s. Ild. The amount paid to the public in Claims
and Bonuses reaches to more than £BOO,OOO.

HENRY WILLIAM SMITH, Actuary.
C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.

NORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE
SOCIETY.

NOTICE.-41ICHAELMAS RENEWALS.
Losses by fire occurring* during the fifteen days of grace are
made good to the assured.
The business of the Company exceeds £66,000,000.
The duty paid to Government for the year 1859 was £80,639,
and the amount assured on farming stock :£10,149,636.
A bonus of three-fifths of the profits periodically made to
parties insuring, who have thus from time to time received
sums amounting in the aggregate to £lOO,OOO.
The rates of premium are in no case hither than those
charged by the other principal offices making no returns to
their insurers.
For prospectuses apply to the Society's Offices, Surrey-
street, 'Norwich ; and 0; Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black-
friars, E.C.

NOVERNMENT upon FIRST PRINCIPLES.
N. Illustrated Analogically, Statistically, and Morally.
By JOHN GROSSMITH.
This work embodies a wide field for information, not only
upon Social and Moral subjects, but upon a great variety of
questions which are essentially incorporated with the politi-
cal discussions of the day, in connection with the Commerce,
Trade, and Taxation of the country. Statesmen and lovers
of intelligent progress will find in it a compilation of facts
well worthy their attention.

London: Piper and Co., Paternoster-row.

Published this day, price is., post free 14 stamps,
THE SCIENCE OF LIFE : or, How to Live,
and What to Live For. With Diet Tables, showing
the time required by the stomach for digesting various kinds
of food, so important to the dyspeptic and hypochondriac,
and instructions for the best means of securing vigorous
health, bodily strength, and that sterling state of happiness
only attainable through the judicious observance of a well-
regulated course of life. By a PHYSICIAN.

OPENING of the THEATRES for the WINTER
SEASON.—EVANS' magnificent Music and Supper
Rooms, Covent-garden.—Gentlemen visiting London will
find their evening enjoyment largely provided for at the
above establishment. The Dramatic Gallery alone worth a
visit. One hundred and eighty Portraits, the greater num-
ber first-class in art, and original Paintings. Commencing
at Eight o'clock. Suppers after the Theatres.

DE. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM,
opposite the Haymarket. OPEN DAILY from 12 till
5, and from 7 till 10.

PROGRAMME OF LECTURES FOR OCTOBER.
Three and Right o'clock—ltt effects of various avocations
upon Health, with Pictorial Illustrations shown by the
Oxyhydrogen Light, and the Oxyhydrogen Miscroscope.
Nine o'clock—Half an hour with the Mediums and Spirit-
Rappers, with numerous experiments.

CURTIS ON MANHOOD -NEW EDITION :
♦ MEDICAL ESSAY ON NERVOUS AND GENERA-

riIVE DISEASES.

lust Published, the 14,0 th thousand, with numerous plates,
in a sealed envelope; dice Is., Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, forl2 stamps,
MANHOOD : the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
MATURE DECLINE with Plain Directions for
Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By J. L. CURTIN,
15, AAbermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.

CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs.
CHAPTER IL—Causes of Supermatorrhcea and Impotence;
Early Vicious Indulgences ; Dangers of Neglect.
CHAPTER lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifications
of Marriage ; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the
Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infeetion.
CHAPTER IV.—The Author's plan of Treatment, Medical
and Moral, being the result of a successful practice extending
over a period of 25 years.
CHAPTERS V. and VI. on the modern Treatment of
Gonorrimea and Syphilis.
The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting
cases, to which is added the Author's receipt of a preventive
Lotion.

Admission, ONE SHILLING.

REVIEWS OF THE WORK.
"Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and
should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times,"
23d March, 1856.
"The author has qoutezlred a great boon by publishing this
little work, in which-is described the source of those diseases
which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature
old ate."—" D ly Telegraph," March 27, 1856.
ai
Sold also by Kent And Co., 'Paternoster-row; Mann, 3Q
Cornhill.

"The temporary relief obtained by means of purgative
medicines is purchased at the high price of the aggravation
nd )f the perpetuating the disease."—liENßy,

Dr. Kahn's "Philosophy of Marriage," and his new work
on "Woman, specially considered iu her relation to the
Married State." Published by Allen, 20, Warwick-lane,
price One Shilling each ; or either sent free by post for 18
stamps direct from the Author. Address, 17, Barley-street,
Cavendish-square, W.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly
RE-OPENED for the WINTER SEASON for PRO-
MENADE CONCERTS, with the following powerful cast,
consisting of selections from II Trovatore, Martha. Lurline,
Huguenots, L'Etoile du Nord, &c. Dancine: at Ten o'clock.
The Original Band, established ten years. Conducted by M.
LAMOTTE. Admission, Is.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
-a- HIGH HOLBORN.—The above popular and splen-
didly-appointed BALL ROOM, with its various elegant re-
freshment rooms, is NOW OPEN for the Season. The re-
cent elaborate decorations and improvements have rendered
this the most fashionable .and popular rendezvous of the
metropolis. Mr. W. M. Packer's celebrated Band performs
nightly selections from favourite operas and the latest and
most fashionable waltzes, &c. Doors open at eight o'clock.
Admission, Is.

TEETH-1860—Post free, three stamps. A
TREATISE EXPLAINING Messrs. GABRIEL'S
IMPROVEMENTS in ARTIFICIAL 'TEETH and
FLEXIBLE CORALITE GUMS, whereby one set will wear
longer than three ordinary ones, and being fitted without
springs, wires, or metals, and without any operation, prove
a valuable desideratum to all who have occasion for the den-
tist's services. None but pure first class materials and
workmanship employed, while the expense Is even less than
half the ordinary cost. To be obtained only of Messrs.
Gabriel, dentists to the Prince Dottajana, established 1815,
see diploma, No. 110, Regent-street, W., (next Mechi's) and
33, and 34, Ludgate-hill, City.
" The advantages obtainable by Gabriel's system render it
pre-eminently superior, and the nearest approach to perfec-
tion yet attained."—Observer.
" Gabriel's treatise should be read by all who value health;
their system will save much money and more annoyance."—
Morning Herald.
For obvious reasons it is necessary particularly to note the
name, and that the entrance to the city establishment is up
the private passage between Benson, the silversmith's, and
he State Fire Insurance Office.— Liverpool, 134, Duke-street

A NEW PASSAGE THROUGH THE ISLAND
OF SPITZBERGEN.

The winner is by Voltigeur out of Priestess (winner of
the Northamptonshire Stakes ten years ago), and was bred
by Lord William Powlett, who gave William Day £6OO
for Traducer in the spring, and "threw in" Dulcibella
besides, contrary to the advice of Sam Rogers, who wished
his lordship to run the latter for the Queen's Plate at
Epsom on the Thursday, and for the Oaks on the follow-
ing day ! The Cesarewitch is remarkable for surprises of
this nature, Weathergage, a cast-off, having won in 1852,
whilst last year it was carried off by Artless, a selling
plater I Dulcibella is not so bad a winner for the Ring
as might be expected, although the stable commission
will take a large sure out of it. In addition
to Mr. W. Day and Mr. Parker, both of whom win great
stakes—Mr. D., on dit, nearly £ls,ooo—Mr. F. Swindell,
Mr. Armstrong, Mr. J. Bennett, Mr. Ashworth, and Mr.
Reeve are the chief winners amongst the bookmakers ; and
of the " upper ten thousand," though most of the gentle-
men "got through," the only stakes reported to be won are
by a noble Hampshire lord, and one or two Dorsetshire
gentlemen connected with the Woodyates stable. Book-
makers were uncommonly shy of making an offer against
Dulcibella for the Cambridgeshire, for which her weight,
including 71b penalty for winning the Cesarewitch, is 7st
31b—she thus meets Optimist on 51b and Heiress on 51b
worse terms 1

Of the 27 starters, 18 are in the shorter race, and the
following is a comparison of their respective weights in
each :

CESAREWITCI. CASIBRIDGESRIRE.
bt lb st lb
Ancient Briton, 5 yrs 7 2 .... 7 7
Ben Webster, 3 yrs 7 9 .... 712

OR ANY OTHER. PHYSIC
f
DTSPEPSIA), PALPI ‘- FOR CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION
lIS, , ,ND LIVER COMPLAINTS,
NERVOUS, BILIOUS
PARALYSIS COVOR,
TATION,
EPILP;PSY,
DEBILITY, DROPSY,
NO MORE PILLS
ASTHMA,
FEVERS.
• HEALTH RESTOR-
INGDU BARRY'S delic•Lous
A FOOD, which, at a
CONSUMPTION, • 31114.NCHITIS, SORE THROAT,
REVALENT ',.t. ARAB C
iits cost in 'Medicine, and
few pence per day, saves, fifty
d by medicine, cod liver
ances, and ruinous e,xpenses incurred
cures without pur;,,ir.;
oil, or visits to dis 'cant climates.
remedy, An-
drew Ure, M.D,
Certificate No. 36,,,5. ; Dr. Harvey; Dr. 418.—We find it the safest .
Wurzer , Dr. Shor-
, 1, , E
land ; Dr. C.,anipbell. ot•anytinlofesthe uncertainties, annoy
We extract a few out of 56,000 cures :
Cure
indiscribable
dys!,epsia. Cure No. 49,832. Of fifty years' al. constipa-
aaeny from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough. Joly,
No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Deoies
Won, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting, Maria
Jacobs,
, of Ly-nn, Norfolk. 'CM% No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth
of many years'
1 of extreme nervousness; indigestion, gatherings, low spirits,
m.
and nervous fancies. Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. James T.
Campbell, Syderstone 'Rectory, near Fakenham, Norfolk, or
Indigestion and liver complaints. Cure No. 56,814. Mr. Samiel
Lawton, Leicester, of two years' diarrhoea. Cure ffo. 180. Mr.
W. Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London, of 25 years' nervous-
ness, c(nstipation, indigestion, and debility. Cure No. 4,028:
Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps,
spasms, and nausea, Rev. John W. Flavel, Ridlington Rec-
tory, Norfolk. Cure No. 3,906. Thirteen years' coach, indi-
Ffestion, and general debility, James Porter, Athol-street,
Perth. Cure o.N SR,3I. Miss
near Liverpool, of ten years' dy Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre,
p epsi sa, and th of
nervous irritability: Cure No.
46,270. Mr aJI
. amee shorrors Roberts,
spitting of blood, liver derangement, partial deafness.
timber merchant, of Priraley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased
'ilar testimonials from, 56,000 patients who can be re-
The Food is sold in canisters, 11b. 2s. 11/41., 21b, 4s, 6d., 121 b.
121 b., and 241 b. canisters carriage free on receipt of
i2fleu2orisn:r.ige.:2:llb. 40s. ; super-refined quality, 51b. 225,, 101:0, 335, The
order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-
_offito;oendon ; Fortnum, M son, and Co. 182, Piccadilly,
Post-office
Abbis, 60, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside ; 63
London;reet
and , 16 Pi
treet ; Batty, asburvTa
, Strand ; 49 and CO,
Bishonsgate-s .
Petty, ood, and vement ; Phillips
150 Oxford-street ; 330 and 452
N King William-
trod XIV it - ;at 137. High Holborn; and all 1000ers,
and Co., tea dealers ,

Comforter, 4 yrs - 8 6

•••• 9 0

Dulcibella, 3 yrs 6ll .... 7 3
Feodorowna, 3 yrs
Glendinning, 3 yrs .. 5 9 .... 5 7
Golden Pippin, 3 yrs 6 4 .... 6 6
Heiress, 4 yrs .. 6 0 .... 6 0
Killigrew, 5 yrs GI2 .... 7 7
Lady Trespass, 3 yrs 712 .. ~ 710
Miss Digby, 4 yrs
Moorcock, 4 yrs 7 6 .... 7 7
Optimist, 3 yrs
Rising Sun, 3 yrs
Sir William, 3 yrs
Stapleton, 5 yrs ..
Starke, 5 yrs
Viatka, 3 yrs
Ancient Briton pulled up lame, and his chance is out, as
is also that of Ben Webster and:Comforter. Killigrew,
Golden Pippin, Heiress, Feodorowna, Optimist, Lady
Trespass, Moorcock, Rising Sun, and Sir William all ran
sufficiently forward to show they would be backed to do
the shorter course were Dulcibella out of the race ; but
Dulcibella had so much the best of the race from start to
finish, pulling over them in every part of the race, that her
extra 61b will not counterbalance the victory, and Ben
Webster, Golden Pippin, and Rising Sun have each 21b or
31b extra on their backs also. She is, however, meeting Sir
William on 91b worse terms, and the latter had better be
kept on the right side. Tho remaining handicaps afforded
one or two Cambridgeshire horses an opportunity of dis-
playing a respectable form, and Moorcock's victory in the
Handicap Plate over the mile and a quarter on Thursday
would have brought him to 10 to 1 had he not started for
the Cesarewitch ; as to beat Gladiolus at 31b and Gallus
at 91b was a great performance, for it showed him to be quite
the equal of the pair at about even weights, and it will take
a veritable " flyer " to beat his Cesarewitch conqueror,
Dulcibella, in the Cambridgeshire. Thunderbolt's easy
victory over Buccaneer brought him prominently into
notice, and as little as 14 to 1 was taken about him. To
select a lot thus early is a difficult matter, but the winner
may turn up in the following :—Cantine, Madlle. Chantilly,
Dulcibella, Thunderbolt, Sir William, Gridiron, Brassey,
Heiress, Rosoia, Precise, and John Osborne and Ten
Broeck's representatives. There will be a good meeting at
Lewes on Wednesday, but the events to be decided call for
no particular notice. A FRESH MAN.
Oct. 13.

We will not now allude to the modes of culti-
vation adopted by the natives ; our object is to
refer to the report of the Punjaub Government on
the improvement which has lately taken place
in the cultivation and preparation of carol.
The mutiny seriously affected some portions of the
country ; several villages were entirely destroyed,
others partially or wholly deserted, and for a time
the fields were left untilled. But matters soon re-
turned to the state they were in before the troubles.
The villagers flocked back to their residences, the
plough was at its wonted work again, and cultiva-
tion began to extend beyond its former boundaries
and to encroaeh on the jungles. The report states
in one diAriet,_Goozerat alone, close upon eleven
thousand acres of jungle have been brought under
the plough during the past year ; in Per gunnah
Taran Taran of the Umritsnr district, there has
been an increase of cultivation of upwards of five
thousand acres.
Oil seeds have lately formed an object of cultiva-
tion, particularly in the Ferozepore and Mooltan
district ; it is grown not for home trade, but for
export to Kurrachee, where the demand is appa-
rently increasing. The growth of tea at Holta,
in the Kangra district, need only be mentioned.
Cot ton seems to flourish in the sub-montane dis-
tricts, such as Umballa, Hoskearpore, Goozerat,
and Peshawur. Flax has also been introduced
and grown abundantly. Aboricalture has been
carried on with some vigour in the districts of La-
hore, Googranwalla, and Goordaspore, where an
aggregate of near 150,000 trees has been planted
by the district officers. It is gratifying to hear that
the natives are beginning to take au interest in the
cultivation of trees, several new groves of mangoe
and other useful trees having been planted by the
zemindars in the Trans and Cis Sutlej States. The
Punjaub has always been noted for the absence of
trees of large growth; this is owing to two causes,
the appropriation of saplings for purposes of build-
ing during the Sikh rule, and also to the devasta-
tion caused to groves and trees wherever found, by
' contending armies, before the annexation of the
country by theßritish. Efforts have for many years
been made to re-place the forest once existing, and
encouragement in rewards and titles have been
held out by the administration to all who will
plant a grove or assist in improving the irrigation
of the country. The happiest results have followed
these efforts, and the most encouraging is now re-
corded in the report, that the zemindars are lend-
ing their aid to the good cause.
The destruction of forests is said to cause a cessa-
tion, or a very considerable diminution, in the fall
of rain in a locality. We may suppose, on the
same argument, that an increase of tree cultivation
will increase the fall of rain in a locality where
before the rain fell but seldom. The fall of rain in
the Punjaub is exceedingly small. We learn from
the report that during the past six years the greatest
annual fall was twenty-six inches in 1856, and the
smallest, eighteen inches, in 1857. It is to be
hoped that the anticipated result from the planting
of trees will be realised, by which means the
labours of the husbandman will be greatly assisted,
and his dependence on well-irrigation diminished.
The introduction of canal irrigation more generally
than was the case during tilt Sikh domination has
been a great assistance to the cultivator, and has
brought a vast amount of land under the plough
which had hitherto been lying fallow.—Front the
North-West Gazette.

The Christiania Morning Gazette (Morgenblaclet) of the
2d October, reports from the Irontsoe Mercantile Gazette
(Stiftsticlente), the following important geographical disco-
very :—" These who have a knowledge of the charts of
Spitzbergen, will have observed that the firth or sound,
being nearly 20 Norwegian miles in length, stretches from
the north to the south, and for the greaterpart divides that
island. It is commonly called Stotlorden,' or the great
firth, but older descriptions call it Wibeland's Water (a
name, I think, given by the Dutch). All the charts which
I have seen indicate that there exists no outlet from the
head of the said firth in any direction. That this is the
case has also hitherto been the general belief of the seafar-
ing people of Fimnark who annually visit Spitzbergen. In
this year, however, two or more vessels of this place had
sailed onward and back through a sound going out from
the head of the said firth in an easterly direction, having
thus, without any difficulty, reached the eastern coast of
Spitzbergen, which is generally thought to be the richest
fishing ground, though in the course of this summer it has
not proved so. The sound is narrow, as is also the north
end of the' Storfjorden' itself, hardly a stonecast in width.
CA strong current runs through it, which however, is by no
means dangerous either to vessels or to boats. The navi-
gation this season to Spitzbergen has not yet entirely dis-
continued, as all the vessels had not returned. The catch
hardly surpasses an average year ; so far, therefore, the new
passage has been without a practical result." " Tromsoe,
Sept. 20.—Spitzbergen, by its seal and walrus fisheries, as
well as its bear hunting, becomes year by year of greater
importance to this place, and as there is generally a great
complaint among the seamen about the lack of a reliable
chart of those regions, it would be desirable if our Govern-
ment would cheese to send out an expedition in order t 9
remedy this great want."

ST. GEORGE'S IN 7HE EAST.

Yesterday the services at the church of St.
George-in-the-East were conducted with compara-
tively little interruption upon the whole, although
after the conclusion of that in the evening there
was a disturbance within the church which, occur-
ring in any other religious edifice, would have been
considered disgraceful. At intervals, during the
morning ',service, a small group of persons, well
known for the opposition they have all along waged
to the rector's mode of conducting the services, ren-
dered themselves so conspicuous by the energy with
which they read the responses and by their derisive
coughing, that Mr. Compton, one of the sidesmen
charged with the duty of maintaining order within
the church, marked the ringleaders among them,
one being a young woman, with a view, it is
said, to a charge in the neighbouring police
court. At the evening service the precaution
of closing the galleries to the public was again
had recourse to, and with a satisfactory result,
for it tends to bring the whole congregation,
and especially the njsorderly portion of it, more
within the view of those on whom the duty . de-
volves of maintaining something iike decorum in a
place where that has been long unknown. On the
doors being opened the church was speedily filled
with the usual mixed multitude, composed princi-
pally of young men and women, who took posses-
sion of the pews indiscriminately, and whose demea-
nour was marked by the customary excitement. It
required but small powers to perceive that few
were there for any other purpose than vague curio-
sity, and that there was, as there has ever been
since the disturbances began, a marked absence of
the class of grown-up people, accompanied by their
families, who usually attend the church of the parish
in which they reside. Except perhaps the rector's
and the churchwardens' pews, anything like a pro-
prietary right in a sitting in the church appears for
the present in abeyance, and the whole place is as
much common ground as the greatest stiekler for
free sittings in churches could desire. The Rev. Mr.
Hansard, who has the provisional care of the parish,
read the prayers and lessons ; and an extempore
sermon, which had for its object to inculcate the
idea of the all-pervading love of God, was afterwards
preached by the Rev. Francis Garden, M.A., Sub-
Dean of the Chapel Royal, Whitehall. Now and
then there was an attempt, during the devotional
part of the service, and at the conclusion of the les-
sons, to provoke a general cough, by a handful of
ill-mannered people, apparently acting in concert,
who had contrived to seat themselves together in
front of the reading desk, but it was a comparative
failure, a better feeling pervading the general body
of the congregation. The sern ion was attentivel
listened to throughout. Among the congregationy
was no less distinguished a per son than the
.Chan-
cellorte of the Exchequer, who °coupled atseateeien h
clu-
churchwardens' pew. For some time at
h
oh , sion of the service the ill-disposed p
gregation seemed loath to leave a ee
ratherceonod-
alarming.
once the appearance of thin
of andhtry o
up in a corner in front
as
d created an uproar
A crowd of people,by chanegesowr desidg%rgointtheewmhmieehd
i-;" clergyman had retired,
church a r l
.1.4 e. Numbers who we
matter, thus making
gee what was the
,:ne little time, the o jectroef
leavinghieh the
.1 from pew to pew ; while the
the vestry gave expression
-se confounded ;" others stood up on
'-atever it was, in tones of
through the building.
of Police-inspector
the service in
'1 the disturb-
-men, and
retired
-cene
ve

One of the French officers who took part in the
recent battle between the Papal and Piedmontese troops
relates '. singular incident :—Captain de Charette found
himself engaged in conflict with swords with a Piedmontese
officer, and wounded him. On seeing his adversary fall,
M. de Charette bent over him, and the Piedinontese officer
was only able to press his hand and expire. They recog•
raised each other at that supreme moment as old acquain-
tances, having been fellow pupils at the Military College
of Turin.
lADVERTlSEMENTl—Holloway'sOintment and Pills.—
Useful sympathy. Let all who sympathise with the afflicted
remember that mild and gentle manners may soothe, but
cannot save the sufferer, but Professor Holloway has ena-
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certain remedies many a compassionate friend has restored
vigour to the failing memory, cheerfulness to the exhausted
mind, and health to the wan cheek.:Every:visitorito the sick
may without fear safely and effectively use Holloway's
world-renowned ointment and pills. Appropriate instructions
envelope every pot and box. Under Holloway's benign
treatment condolence is not long desirable, convalescence
comes apace, soon to give place to joyous health. Such cases
daily occur, and are recorded witll Tgabounded gratitude,

for h..
rettirned to
" confusion Icel._
the seats or jutepe,_
malcontents in front
to their dissatisfaction, wu
angry altercation, which rant,
But at sight of the portly figurb
Allison, who was present during
plain clothes,' and who came to gum,
ante, assisted by the churchvrardens, slab.
beadles, the people gradually dispersed ana
from the church. Mr. Gladstone witnessed the 1,
from the churchwardrds pew, and did not lea
vas being redored.
1 the edifice until order

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THE SUN LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 15, 1860• plum 4D STAMPED,
. •

AFFAIRS.

A letter dated. Vienna, Oct. 10, says :—lf the
Emperor, in the aAernoon of Monday, had chanced
to look from the I,.indow•of his palace into the
Franzens-Platz* he
would have seen a ver
people. 10. the mornistrerearyt-
concourse of
sent to the
w that he shouldnot
Foreign
question, Count Reclibe:g
Ministers to let them kno, be
.
able to receive them as uE3.11.0-1, because a Cabinet
Council was to be held. By
.some meansor ether
it became generally known that the Emperor and
his Ministers would meet in Coureeil at an unusual
hour, and some sanguine politiciais at once came
c., was about
to the conclusion that the finishing tor.
h
to be put to the Provincial Statutes.
'they accord-
ingly went to the Franzens-Platz,where titiey waited
for many hours in the vain hope of being able to
obtain an inkling of what was doing in the tnte_ rior
of the palace. The following anecdote has been
related, because it shows that the Imperial edicts
are expected by the people with an impatioace
which is almost ungovernable. Yesterday the
Wiener Zeituny was thrown aside with contempt)
' because it contained no official news of importance,
but the curiosity of the, public will soon be satisfied,
for it has been decided that the so-anxiously-expected
Patent Laws shall be pubLished before his Majesty
leaves for Warsaw, which ii.e will do on the 21st
inst. During the last few days Count Rechberg has
been negotiating with some of She leaders of the
Hungarian Conservatives, but there is little or no
chance of his being able to come to an it.
nderstanding
with them, as lie is not willing to grant 3 tenth part
of what they demand. Count Barkoczy returned
home very soon after the Reicherath was pro.rogued,
and Count Apponyi and M. Von Mailath ha'.'Ye fol-
lowed his example, but Count Szechen is still lere•
The Emperor's autograph letter to the Patrl ch
Rajacics will not fail to increase the excitement ;If
the Hungarians, as it proves to demonstration that
the Government is having recourse to its old wiles
in order to bring about a misunderstanding be-
tween themselves and the Servians. The latter,
who in 1690 emigrated to Austria from the Prin-
cipality of Servia, always claimed and long enjoyed
complete autonomy, though their right to it was
disputed by the Hungarian Diet. Rather less than
a century ago the Hungarians endeavoured to
amalgamate the Servians with themselves, but the
latter, not liking the process, applied for protection
to the Empress Maria Theresa, who readily pro-
mised it. Her Majesty kept her word, inasmuch
as she would not allow the Hungarians to oppress
the Servians, but she gradually introduced the Aus-
trian regime into the Voivodina. The National
Congress for the election of the Metropolitan, and
for the regulation of ecclesiastical and scholastic
matters met from timeeto time, but the Servians
were dissatisf?ed with the protection accorded, be-
cause it deprived them of all freedom of action. In
older times the Patriarchs always acted as Presi-
dents of the National Congress, but tZie Empress
Maria Theresa thought fit to place commiszaries of
her appointing in the chair. While the Emperors
Joseph 11. and Leopold 11. were on the throne Na-
tional Congresses were held, but since that time all
the special rights and privileges of the Servians
have been in abeyance. They will now be partially
restored, in order that the Servians in the Vojvo-
dina may object to the reunion of that province with
Hungary. The expression, " Illyrian National Con-
gress," is likely to be frequently used in my corre-
spondence, and it may therefore be well to state
that the word " Illyrian" must be understood to
mean the non-united Greeks inhabiting the pro-
vinces which formerly belonged to the Hungarian
Crown. The words " Illyrian National Congress"
makes a good appearance on paper, and produce no
disagreeable impression on the ear, but they mean
very little, as the Assembly is only what is here
called a " consultative" body. The relations be-
tween the Hungarians and Croatians are already very
intimate, and the POZOn an independent paper,
which is published at Agram, in the Slavonic lan-
guage, recommends the two nationalities to defend
their common rights against any foreign (German ?)
element.
So many arrests are now made in Venetia, the
Southern Tyrol, Istria, and Hungary, that the inha-
bitants of those provinces are exceedingly excited,and
some of them almost openly expresstheir resolve to
try to get rid of such an " unbearable yoke" at the
very first opportunity. Hardly a day passes without
political prisoners being sent by railroad to Bohe-
mia, and last week no fewer than 40 persons
arrived at the fortress of Josephstad in the course
of 24 hours. On the 9th inst. several students
were arrested at Pesth, and at once removed
to some other part of the empire ; Count
Edward Carolyi, the cousin of Count Louis Carolyi,
who for the moment is Austrian Charge d'Affaires
in London, was a few days ago arrested at Salzburg,
while on his way home from Ostend. Three per-
sons were to have been arrested in the Szolnok
County (Hungary), but when the police arrived
they found that their expected prey had escaped.
Some days ago a special messenger was sent with
despatches to General St. Quentin, the Governor
of the Temesch Banat and Voivodina, and it is be-
lieved that he has received powers to place these
provinces in a state of siege should it appear ad-
visable so to do. Persons coming from the Banat
' say that the position of the German employes and
military men is almost untenable. Some days ago
you were informed that traces of a conspiracy,
which has ramifications in the Southern Tyrol,
Istria, and Hungary, has been discovered in Vene-
tia, and it now appears that the Government is in
possession of papers containing the names of the
persons who were to have taken the lead at the out-
break of a revolution. The papers in question are
said to have been found in the possession of a per-
son who was arrested on suspicion of being a Pied-
montese agent. During the night of the 3d inst. a
foreigner shot himself at Venice, and the people at
once came to the conclusion that he was an agent
of Garibaldi, and had taken his own life in order to
escape the police who were in pursuit of him.
There is again a question of a Congress for the
settlement of the Italian question, but this Gov ern-
ment will hardly be a party to it, unless it is pre-
viously agreed that the right of Austria to retain
possession of Venetia shall not be called in question
by any of the Powers. Indeed, it is not very pro-
bable that the Emperor Francis Joseph will autho-
rise any one of his Ministers to sit down at the
same council-table with Count Cavour, who is 'here
considered the most perfidious of diplomatists.
Tie fortifications are completed at Malamocco,, and
the Austrian engineers are now of opinion that
Venice will be able to hold her own against any
force which Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi can
bring against her. In the local papers it is stated
that England is bargaining with Austria for a
naval station in the Adriatic, but I am not inclined
to attach much importance o the intelligence.. It
is, however, an indisputable fact that the relations
between England and Austria are improving:
Her Majesty, the Queen, who quitted Coburg- this
morning, is said to have been much offended that
her yacht, the Fairy, was detained at Colognes
by
the Prussian authorities. The Custom-house
offi-
cers at Cologne wanted to go on board the vessel,
but her captain declined to accept the 011101.1
n go be
as he was not inclined to let her Maio_tfalt ma rence,
turned upside down. The Fairy is nnor
i ht. prince
where the Queen will pass thhe
Albert is somewhat lame, hee. are his knee when
no skin 011/ the
he jumped out of the citrrhistg
nose and chin was very lyajured.
t in the Burg is thus named: after
* The principal cour
;he late Emperor.

!BONN-CASED SIIIPS OF wAjt.

A writer in a contemporary says—Those persona'
)
who have agreed in favour of the construction of
these vessels have done so, I believe, from a limited
knowledge of the effect which can be produced by
heavy rifled cannon, Mr. Whitworth's 80-pounder,
the 'largest hitherto constructed, showing results
,little, if at all, superior to those produced by a 68.
i lino nder service gun ; while, if we may judge from
tho letter of an Artillery officer which appeared in.
the Mechanics' Magazine last week, all Armstrong
of a larger size than 40-pounders are unsafe.
N 'withstanding that my opinion may be op-
pos to that of many na•Fal officers of great weight
d experience in their profession, I am neverthe-
less convinced that an iron• cased ship (unless her
plates were of a thickness utterly to preclude the
possibility of her being a seagoing ship) might
be destroyed from shore batteries, large frigates, or
gunboats at distances at which Ole could be hit
with any degree of certainty, say two or three thou-
sand yards, and with guns very little, if at all,
heavier
than the service 68-pounder gu'n.
Government will find the money I ‘,711
If
.1 engage
to furnish them with g nns-und projectiles which
shall penetrate the sides of a vessel cased with. iron
plates 4' inches
thishow is no vain boast, I will explain
dne.
I t
proved that a 681b' shot of wrought
iron will penetrate a4' -inch iron plate with facility
within the distance of lO
yards,lBo the initial velocity
the
et
theory
ee second.
edf.
of the shot being less than
Those who know anything of
pro-
jectile force will be aware that a shot of 1701 b.
weight, striking an object with a velocity of 1,100
feet a second, would have a penetrating power quite
equal to that if the 681 b. shot, while the general
effect of the blow would be enormously greater.
That a projectile of 1701 b. weight may without
difficulty be fired with the above-mentioned velocity
was proved beyond a doubt the other day at Shoe-
buryness, when, from a rifled gun, an elongated
projectile of 1741 b. weight was fired with a mean.
velocity of 1,200 feet a second to a distance of 2,126
yards, the time of flight being 5.31 seconds ; while
the mean velocity of flight in a range of more than
10,000 yards was as much as about 1,100 feet a
second.
According to the ordinary method of calculation,
therefore, this shot should penetrate an iron plate
! at almost any distance within its range with the
some facility as would a 681 b. shot at a distance of
100 yards. It would really do so, however, with
e-yo,Ti greater facility.
Ni? iron-cased ship could come within the range
of gays similar to the one I have referred to with-
out the risk of destruction, unless, as I remarked,
the plate's of iron were so thick as to render the
vessel an ,inert, floating mass, such as might pro-
bably be Er yailabl e for coast defences, but for no
other purpose.. Vessels of this description, indeed,
if armed with 1:-.1ie above kind of guu, would pro-
bably be the mist formidable kind of batteries
which could be dev;!sed:
With respect to 6.2 e angular plates which have
lately attracted some notice, I would observe that
their efficiency in prevoiting the penetration of
shot must depend upon the relative position of the
guns which are brought to ,ii ear against them. If
a vessel constructed with angular plates were op-
posed to a battery high above the level of the water,
or to another vessel which earrl.
.id her guns high,
the object of having the plates in. a sloping posi-
tion would be defeated.
There is no royal road to a knowledge of these
matters, and so little is really known of them that
the opinion of scarcely any individual at present is
north listening to. A course of careful and sys-
terotic experiment is the only metho..l of arriving
knowledge of the subject, and until
certain
at an v
this tie done all argument upon it must be a mere
waste of time.

THE LOSS OF THE STEADIER ARCTIC..

MR. sHER:.IDAN KNOWLES DROWNED.
We have already recorded the loss of the screw steamier
Arctic in the Baltic. A telegram received by the owner'
gives the following list' Pf the drowned :—Of the crew—
Turnbull (the mate), Laere.raek (steward), Smith and Neal
(firemen), and Birkman stewardess). Passengers—,
Mr. Sheridan Knowles (draniNjat), Miss Reading, and Mrs.
Butterworth and child. The owners have also received the
following particulars from CaptaiLi Bowes, who, writing
from llarborg, near Lemvig, Jutland, Oct. 6, says :
" It is with feelings of the deepest regret that I have
to announce to you the total loss of yelor fine steamer the
Arctic, at this place, which happened urttier the following •
circumstances :—I left Grimsby on Tue.sLiaY morning
at
six a.m., with a most favourable provoct of a fine
passage, the wind being at S.W. It co,ntinued fine
and moderate until Wednesday, the 3d ina.t., when at
six a.m. sprung up a stiff breeze from tie so that
the ship went pleasantly along. At noon, I found .by obser-
vation and sounding that she had made a good con. rse, she
being then in lat. 56 deg. 14 min. N., and 25 fathoms' water,
being from 80 to 90 miles from the mainland. At onnlmn•
came, on a most terrific gale from the N.W., which catoed
several heavy seas to break on board,which washed into tAho
engine-room at the doors and bunker holes to such an er.r•
tent that the fires were immediately extinguished. The,
ship then be.came unmanageable, the wind blowing away
everything it ,could catch hold of. All haxids were imme-
diately set to wo.rk with buckets, as we coulii not get any of
the pumps to work,to try and bail it out, but the water
gained on them, so .that by morning the engine-room was
nearly full. Everytlibg was done by the officers ti.nd crew
that could be done, but All was of no avail to save tin', ves-
sel, for she drifted fast down before the gale on a lee shore.
At eight a.m. the gale rather more moderate, tried to set
the foretopsail, but it blew away, so that I could only get.
two or three fore and aft sails set, which were not of much
use. At 10 a.m., saw the land distgstt about 12 or 14 miles,
then prepared the anchors, which were let go about seven
or eight miles from the land, but she would not look at them.
I then thought I would slip the cables and let her go aa
high on the beach as possible, for the safety of all'on board,
so I went down along with the mates to try and do so, but
could not get the end adrift, and during the time I wag.
down she struck on an outer reef with about feet on it,
when she must have started some of her plates,for she
immediately filled aft and began to settle down lu deep
water. I rushed aft to try and get all from the cabin t',,o the
fore end of the ship, it being then the safest place, but by A°
time I got to the bridge a tremendous wave came on arta
covered the stern, so that only four of the American gent le-,
men escaped. Mr. Sheridan Knowles, Miss Reading, lkirg•
Butterworth and child, and the stewardess, were drowned.
We then all got to the foremast as quite k as possible, with the
exception of Mr. Turnbull, the chief .mate,
named John Smith, who jumped overboas and was drowned
immediately. The mato was drowned in Ai and a fireman
s cafbinto. ends
were then 17 of us, crew and passengers, ft( illearre4thPZ
five in the maintop. It was then four p.m. .
and there we remained until four pan. on the foi.towmg days
having had to endure the horrors of a long nit lin our wet
clothes, it blowing and raining all the time. The ship was
lying in five fathoms of water, about three-quarters of a
mile from the land, and the people on shore could render 115
no assistance until it began to moderate, which was not wk..
til noon of the stk inst., and at 4 p.m. they managed to get'
the lifeboat off to us. I then got 14 into the boat along with.
myself, and she being, not large enough to carry more was
obliged to go on shore, where we safely landed ; but the
boat in coming on shore the second time capsized • n the
through his exertinn
was residing here,
surf, when the steward, a fireman named Neil,- and An tEng-
lish gentleman named Mr. Earle, who
None of us saved anything:
clothewsaswegostt offod aint
were all drowned. It was mainly
some bales of twist, i:
onshore. As fur eltip'e stores and a few light cases washed
There are now about 500 bales(
obt hifiate
cotton,
t boattthht
onee
it is all broken to pieces.
should she break to pieces thehree might
only
ishebrosokmeentalinin twg
washed
on shore ; but I do not think
It will be necessary that will be for some time yet,
to send a copy of the manifest here, se
as to know to whom the cargo belongs. At present it is all
custom-house
C. B. oLliCelere. We
are
all
at
pre'
sent under the care of
this district. I sent a telegram, w h
h u d
]. L lyo
e y
nod
'Brenb: you, for
have received. I await your reply and ins tntctionsoul shall
get the crew sent off as soon as as possible."

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