The Sun.
London, England, 1858-10-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1858.

ture, education, and improvement ; because it gives
to every man the means, if he has the wish and
ambition, and the talents, of rising in the society to
which he belongs. And thus it is that we see the
highest posts and honours in the country are given
to men who have won their way by their own abi-
lities. It is for this reason I have the highest confi-

dente in the institutions of this country, such as they
are, and as they are to be ; because we must always
recollect that any of our institutions, as time goes
on, and as knowledge increases, may be improved
—that we may go from good to better. We shall, I
trust, always maintain those two great advantages
—that we shall protect life and property on the one
hand, and that on the other we shall grant the ut-

most liberty of discussion, and the power of attain-
ing any fair object of ambition to those who have
the capacity to attain it. (Applause.) If such is the
spirit of our institutions—if such is the spirit in
which we are about, from time to. time, to amend

and improve them, it is of great importance not only
to us but to the world in general, that we should
hold on steadily our course. An author, of a foreign
country, with whom I am well acquainted, said to
me this year, " You cannot imagine with what
anxiety all over Europe persons are watching the
progress of England. They say that if any dis-
order occurs, or there is any symptom of disorder
which is magnified and exaggerated by those who
are the friends of bad government, the friends of
despotic measures say at once, Those 'English
people do not know how to maintain order, and
to obey their Sovereign and the laws.' If anything
occurs which shows the excellency of your institu-
tions, then they say, 'Here is a triumph for free-
dom and civilisation—it is that which will be imi-
tated in our country, and in all the countries of
Europe.' " (Applause.) Let us not at all disguise
from ourselves the importance of this mission. We
have, I believe, as Milton said long ago, " a prece-
dence in teaching the nations how to live." That
precedence is not to be maintained by any careless-
ness, by any ignorance, or by any precipitation, but
by the people of this country being thoroughly and
well informed, weighing what we are about to do,
taking counsel from the lessons of others, and ex-
amining their laws with a critical, but not with a
prejudiced or unfriendly eye. (Applause.) It is to
be done by following the course of events, by
choosing well the path which you are about to pur-
sue, pursuing that course boldly, and at the same
time firmly and steadily. If I venture to give the
opinion, it is not that I am endeavouring to teach
you. I am endeavouring only to express that which
I believe to be the opinion of this meeting, and the
opinion of the people of England in general. (Hear.)
Believing in the high character of this people, in
their natural good sense, and in that virtue which
makes them act towards others with due regard to
the precepts of the Christian religion and the duties
of free subjects—believing that such is our disposi-
tion, I delight in every occasion in which I see that
the knowledge of the people of this country, and
with their knowledge their power, is making ad-
vance. (Applause.) After referring to the statue
of the late Mr. J. Brotherton, M.P., and the great
private and public usefulness of that gentleman, as
a proof of the kind of man whom Manchester loved
to honour, his lordship said—The ultimate progress
of that which is going on in all parts of the coun-
try it is not likely that I shall live to see. But this
Ido hope, that the homes of the people of this
country will be made more comfortable than
they have been ; that they will value the edu-
cation of their children, and that, valuing it,
they will value the happy homes to which they re-
turn at night. Many faults exist, some vices are still
very prevalent among us. We must rely in great
part upon the ministers both of the Established
Church and of the various denominations, in order
to induce that greater conformity to Christian pre-
cepts which we ought all to desire. For me, I can
only say that I believe increase of knowledge will
bring with it increase of veneration; and that the
more we know, the more we shall bow to the won-
derful works of the almighty wisdom of the Creator.
(Loud cheers.)
Professor AYTOUN was received with loud ap-
plause. After some introductory observations upon
his being placed in the position of a clergyman who
was called upon to deliver a " sermon without a
text," and the fact of every subject upon which he
might be supposed likely to speak having been
worn out in the discussions at Leeds, Liverpool and
elsewhere, within the last six weeks, he said that
his difficuity.was the greater, because from what he
had seen during the last two days he had arrived
at the conclusion that while people elsewhere had
been talking vaguely, and in some eases foolishly,
upon this subject of education, Manchester had been
quietly doing everything • and had in itself arrived
at as nevcr e.-point of perfectionl as we could call,
anything perfect, in a society so strangely consti-
tuted. as ours. . (Applause.) That was not a com-
pliment. He was not, as the sage of Slickville
would say " soft sawdering" his audience upon the
point. (Laughter.) He was stating his sincere
convictions, founded upon an inspection of the pub-
lic institutions of Manchester, and more especially
of the noble Free Library, which he believed to be
unequalled in the world. (Applause.) lie had
seen that institution, founded by the wisdom of the
citizens, open to the mechanics of Manchester ; he
had seen the use made by workmen of that admir-
able collection ; and he found that, having been in
operation for a considerable period, it now furnished
precisely the data which statesmen and philan-
thropists had been for a long time attempting to
find out—namely, what was the kind of read-
in!, that ought to be given to the people. (Hear.)
Why, of course, the kind of reading to be given to
the people was that kind which the people would
accept. (Loud applause.) There was a great
talk about education ; but very few of the talkers
attempted to define what education was. Education,
in the restricted sense in which he understood it,
was that which ought to be given to every child
and every adult in the country—namely, the power
of reading ; not mere accentuation or of under-
standing the letters, but such an understanding as
would enable them easily to follow what they read
and so enter into the spirit of it. (Applause.) Writ-
ing would be always less cultivated, because you
could not expect—and you did not find, even in the
class called educated—the power of composition ;
one which it would require very great exertion in-
deed before it was carried to a high extent. There
was also the common ciphering which was neces-
sary for all industrial purposes. But give those
three, and especially the power of easy reading, and
then the education of every man must be left to
himself, and he would follow that particular bent
which God and nature had given him—that line in
which, if he persevered, he was most calculated to
excel. (Applause.) lie saw by the list of works
taken out of the Free Library, that the very stan-
dard works of literature which we all admired—
not mere novels in the ephemeral sense of modern
novels—but the great works of imagination the
works of the poets, of Shakspere, Spencer, Miltor4,
and Burns—of all those who had added to the
greatness of the reputation of our genius both in
verse and in prose—these were most deservedly the
favourites with the people, as they were with the
most highly-cultivated classes. (Applause.) Most
natural was it that it should be so, for there was
not one who was familiar with the learned lan-
guages who would not tell you that he preferred
the perusal of Homer to the dryer studies of the
works of Thucydides. He found that the next in
order of the books read at the Free Library came
history, then the arts and sciences, and, lastly, the
more abstruse works in theology and philosophy.
There were very great mistakes committed by the
earlier educational reformers when they wished to
insist that all the working men should be made
scientific philosophers. (Hear.) One of the most
honoured of these reformers fell into the singular
error of saying, that he hoped the time would
come when every workingman would be acquainted
with the works of Bacon and able to understand
mathematics. That time would never arrive.
(Hear, hear.) Give the people the power of under-
standing, give them libraries as MancUster had
done, and he pledged himself to agitate the question
in the north, until there was no large town in Scot-
land without its free library, upon the model of that
in Manchester ; give them this, and you would have
tth e
withinbas s ofh shis
oowwenr e d(uAcpa
tgiiovne
,ii to the
have m
plause.) He did not wish to depreciate what was
mechanic
de
called " cheap literature ;" but he did say that free
libraries, containing the standard works of the great
authors of Britain offered better study for every
man, high or low, than the very best periodical
literature, whether in the shape of review, maga-
zine, or newspaper, that had ever been circulated.
It was so, because in the composition of works of
length and of thought, men required to study hard
and to take much time ; and our standard literature
has been-the work of great pains, thought, and
labour, whereas the ephemeral literature of the day,
however brilliant, clever, or fascinating, was the
composition of men writing by fits and starts, -with-
out due consideration, and was only adapted to the
appetite of the moment. The relaxation of the
mind, which was also its strengthening, Manches-
ter had provided by means of free libraries. Then
came a much-discussed question—that of the relaxa-
tion of the body—of the sports of the people. Man-
chester, he understood, had provided by a noble
public subscription three parks ; and so they had
done all that was necessary for the amusement of
the people. He trusted that no doctrinaires, utili-
tarians, gymnasts, or acrobats, or whatever they
might be called, whether as individuals or commit-
tees, would be allowed to dictate what these sports
of the people should be or ought to be. As he would
mtoebnetsr
trotfinintateodaiwn
htlaite
wmaastmteros.otfeotlnieigernoiawinfo
leave them in command of their libraries, they ought
(Hear.) There was no fear of a recurrence toramtthhueosmsee:

savage pastimes which disgrace the times of our fore-
fathers. (Hear.) There was no fear of an educated
mechanic following the example of " good Queen
Bess "—who was no great favourite of his, although
she was such a favourite with the English, and
rather preferring to see a bull bait than hear a new
tragedy bX William Shakspere. (Laughter.) In
his professional capacity he might be assumed to
have some little stake in the matter of education ;
and therefore he might be pardoned for making a
few observations as to the Athenaeum. He was
extremely glad to see, from the report, that the
evening classes had been cultivated to a great extent
—classes in French, German, chemistry, and other
branches of popular learning—attended by young
men who only had leisure during the evening. That
was one of the most admirable features of such an
institution. It was taking the place of the Schools of
Art that existed in the north ; and which existed to
some extent in the Scotch universities, especially in
that of Edinburgh, by the introduction of a chair
of technology. He feared that in England the high
academical and collegiate notions would prevent
being established there anything corresponding to
the Scotch universities. For instance, he had his
own class in the University of Edinbnrgh, in which
he prelected upon English literature and. composi-
tion, in which the students were exercised in those
branches, and in elocution and rhetoric—in the de-
livery of speeches. Such things did, however,
exist in the English mechanics' and other institutes,
and he would beseech the directors of the Athenaeum
to cultivate them to the utmost ; because they were
of the greatest importance in training and giving
scope to the minds of young men—in giving them
the opportunity, of which he was sure they would
eagerly avail themselves, of acquiring more infor-
mation, and higher aptitudes in composition, than
could possibly be acquired if they remained at home.
(Hear.) But he was-disappointed that the system
of lectures had been discontinued in the Athenaeum.
He knew that many objected to them as super-
ficial things, on the ground that those who
attended three or four lectures could merely
acquire a smattering of a subject. That was un-
doubtedly true at present. But the great thing
was to get men who could well handle their sub-
jects, and who could select such subjects as would
be of real interest to the community, and yet not
too deep or too affected. Get such men, and, rely
upon it, in three or four lectures they would give to
an audience a very great deal of the spirit and
knowledge which they themselves possessed. It was
your mere charlatan and pretender who did not un-
derstand his subject who failed to interest or in-
struct; because, not having clear ideas of his own,
he was compelled to raise a mirage, to indulge in a
mystification of flashing terms, which allowed an
audience to depart with no more real information
than they had before they went into the lecture
room. He should be really sorry if the day should
ever come when oral communication between man
and man in public should be checked. Its existence
was the characteristic of our age. He hoped we
should never cease to hear the glorious words of
poetry and the drama, accentuated and rolled out
as they were intended to be by the poets and glo-
rious artisans in literature who produced them.
Poetry was not generally a thing to be read in the
closet only. It had a high and vivifying influence,
which could only be sounded forth, as music could
be given out by the tongue of man. (Applause.) It
was through the human voice that poetry of the
highest kind must ever have its most perfect and
highest exponent. Charles Dickens, reading his
" Christmas Carol," and " Chimes," was an exam-
ple. (Applause.)' It was so in the olden times, and
he wished it was so now ; for those who wrote
verses now-a-days, after they had printed them with
much pains and cost, did not always get them read
—(laughter)—and the poor unfortunate author
never got a chance of delivering with his own voice
his works to the people. Far better was it in the
olden time. There was in the days of Homer—or
at all events as he told us—times when the people
of Greece assembled, and the poet, by their common
consent, was brought in and,placed in their midst
to recite his productions. As Homer told us in his
" Odyssey"
" Then entered the herald and usher'd along
The honour'd of ages, the master of song—
The love of the Muses, who set him apart,
From childhood a being predoomed to his art ;
With a qift far exceeding a monarch's domain,
But a bh6ht that lay sore on his temples and brain.
For his visual sense it was blasted and gone,
And h. saw not the light of the sun when it shone ;
But within him. was music, and passion, and power,
And he spoke like a king in his conquering hour.
There was none in the land that could equal his lay,
Though night everlasting had shut bim from day.
There was silence and hush in the multitude all,
As they placed him aloft in the midst of the hall."
(Loud cheers.) He had now come to the end of his
" sermon without• a text ;" and he hoped his obser-
vations had not been altogether irrelevant. (Ap-
plause.) At Liverpool th other day, as he under-
stood, a scheme was announced which was by some
new process, as yet undeveloped and unmentioned,
to supersede all the existing systems of religion,
virtue, and morals---(laughter)—and to place us all
upon a new footing. That scheme, he was glad to
say, had been referred to a select committee, for the
report of- which he was by no means impatient.
(Laughter.) He should wait in the full faith that,
however we might advance in education and in sci-
ence, we had already our full revelation from God
Almighty, and that that revelation taught us—
what the spread of science, of wealth even, and of
civilisation in this country by no means contra-
dicted, but rather corroborated, as was shown by
what was daily taking place amongst us, to fear
God, to love the brotherhood, and to honour the
Queen. (Loud cheers.)
The Hon. Judge HALIBURTON said he felt in a
situation of considerable embarrassment ; and he
had no resolution to move, and no subject to talk
upon. He was like a person introduced to a
stranger whose name he did not quite catch, and of
whom he knew nothing ; it was embarrassing to
know what topic of conversation to start. If we
knew that the stranger was an agriculturist we
could talk about steam ploughs, deep draining, and
mowing machines, with a variety of other toptes,
and so get on uncommonly well. (Laugh-
ter.) If he should happen to be a lawyer we could
put our face into mourning and condole with him
—(continued laughter)—and tell him that we were
very sorry to find that at the social science meeting
at Liverpool they talked of simplifying the law and
reducing the expenses of it, by which the profession
would be ruined, and a great number of the mem-
bers have to go out on strike for higher wanes, like
the Lancashire eoalheavers. (Laughter.) Ifhe were
a clergyman, after beating about the bush a little,
we might soon find whether he was High or Low
Church • and take care not to break our shins over
the confessional.. (Laughter.) His (the speaker's)
difficulty now was, to choose a topic. which should
be agreeable to all. An old American friend of his,
" Sam Slick"—(applause)—once said, " There's no-
except the electric tele-
And he was pretty
much of Sam Slick's opinion. Every topic had been
tghrianrgh nnenwri ui
nnddi
rtuhbeb seur ns
oesy
used till it was threadbare. This was the season
for speaking. The people had gone speaking mad ;
everybody was rendering an account of his steward-
ship in the House of Commons, or delivering his
opinion upon some subject oranother. To a stranger
it appeared as if all the dumb people in all the
dumb institutions throughout the kingdom had
suddenly recovered the use. of their tongues. He
had a reason, however, for- being present on this
occasion. He had only attended two meetings of a
similar kind in this country. The first time he ever
addressed an English audience was in Manchester,
and the cordial reception which he then met with
had left an impression on him never to be forgotten.
He then addressed them on the condition, pros-
pects, and resources of our North American posses-
sions ' • and although many there believed his views
to be Utopian, they had since been realised. In this
country nothing was more difficult than to move
the Government ; it was impossible to move it upon
. any subject unconnected with party. There was a
place in London, not put down in the show books
to be seen by a stranger, but which was well worth
visiting. It • was called Downing-street--
boards.
(laughter)—and contained the Government offices.
Here were a number of old buildings, some
of them tottering and propped up. The front was
robricksug whath wasbo anda formerly
rubbish,
Heretthh ee(lawn,saidwhole
t buthbee nowsea fenced
kei in u coveredyo withvit
willh
find them so drowsy that you can hardly keep your
eyes open. Almost everybody in that place is fast
asleep. (Laughter.) The very sentries there have
orders from the Horse Guards to keep in perpetual
motion, or otherwise they would drop asleep. (Con-
tinued laughter.) You have heard a great deal about
chloroform and the surgical operations performed
upon patients under its influence. In many cases
death Chas occurred during the operation ; but I
venture to assert that, if a man were taken to
Downing-street, he would sleep so soundly that his
leg might be cut off before he awoke. (Laughter.)
When you expound your views to one of the wor-
thies in that " sleepy hollow," he turns over in his
bed and asks you what you want. If you tell him
that we have five colonies, with five different laws,
with five different sets of custom houses, and five
different currencies, he replies, " What is that to us?
Call again next week." (Laughter.) And so he turns
over and goes to sleep again ; and it always would
be the same. There must be a great event to awaken
the Government to do anything. For instance, there
had been a dreadful mutiny in the East Indies, and
it had resulted in the establishment of a new go-
vernment for that country. In Canada, also, there
was a rebellion, and that rebellion had produced a
responsible government. Recently the Govern-
nient had been awalcened-out'd its trance b the
discovery of gold in Vancouver's Island, and had
found the truth of what he asserted in Manchester

two years ago. Sir R. Murchison the great geo-
grapher, had found the position of the island, and
told the Government where they might discover it
on the map ; and they had placed a cross with a
pencil upon it, so that they might know where to
look for it again. (Laughter.) The G Dvernment
had now found that the distance from Liverpool to
Canton, by way of Panama, was 13,900 miles ;
while by the way of the Canadian lakes, it was
only 11,000 miles ; so that there would be a saving
of 2,500 miles by the latter route. (Hear.) This was
one of his predictions, which had been considered
Utopian ; but he felt no hesitation in proclaiming
that the trade with China would hereafter pass
through Canada. In Vancouver's Island a magnifi-
, cent vein of coal had been discovered, close to the
water, only 40 feet from the surface, and 9 feet
thick, forming a coal mine for the whole Pacific.
He congratulated the people of this country and of
the colony upon this event. (Hear, hear.) With re-
gard to education a great deal of twaddle had been
uttered. It was not difficult to persuade people of
the value of education, nor to communicate it to the
masses. There was a very old, but a very true
maxim, " I can defend myself from my enemies,
but God help me from my friends." The educa-
tional difficulty lay with the friends of education,
and not with the people. All those who talked about
education had whims and schemes of their own.
One would insist on the introduction of the Bible ;
another would exclude it, on the ground that the
teaching would thereby become sectarian ; a third
would object that it was not a true translation ;
while a fourth would consent to its introduction,
provided it was accompanied with commentaries.
Instead of bringing forward all these different
schemes, we should seek the opinion and assistance
of the people themselves. (Hear, hear.) Let some
of the labouring classes come upon the platform and
state what they required. His (Judge Haliburton's)
opinion was that every man must be educated ac-
cording to the position of life in which he was placed.
Almost all men, whether professionals, mechanics,
or labourers, had to attend to some daily occupation
to provide support for themselves and families ;
and in order to do so they must be educated for it.
There was one education for the lawyer, another
for the doctor, and another for the clergyman ;
there was one education for the mechanic and an-
other for the labourer. The practical common sense
way would be to teach the boy that which would be
useful to him in after life. (Hear.) What was the
use of cramming children ? He once visited a
school in the neighbourhood of Dublin, and the
boys answered questions which were beyond his
power. • He asked one of them, from Mangnall's
History, " Of what did Queen Anne die ?" and
the answer was, " She died of Cardinal Pole and

the seven bishops." (Laughter.) On another occa-
sion, while the children were reading about the
marriage feast, he asked one of them after they had
closed their books of what they had been reading.
The reply was " A miracle." " You mean a para-
ble." "Oh no," rejoined the boy, "marriage is a
miracle." " Why ?" " Because it is not in the
power of man to perform." (Loud laughter.) Every
locality should have an education suited to the re-
quirements of the inhabitants. It was also neces-
sary, in connection with educational efforts, that
amusements should be provided. Men could not
work always, and it was almost absolutely neces-
sary that they should be occasionally supplied with
amusement. (Hear.) The mechanics had main-
tained the honour and glory of the country. He
wished a deputation from their body had accom-
panied him to Cherbourg. Many people had been
frightened by the works at Cherbourg, and talked
a great deal of nonsense about them • but he be-
lieved there was no sort of danger. (Hear.) The
magnificent yachts and British vessels assembled
at Cherbourg were the production of British me-
chanics, and they might well be proud of them.
Finer vessels were not to be found in the world.
In conclusion, the hon. judge thanked the audience
for the reception they had accorded to him, and
said that if he could keep his resolution he would
make his last bow, as he had made his first, to a
public meeting in Manchester. (Applause.)
Sir JAMES BROOKE, K.C.8., said that having
been out of the country for so many years he was
perhaps more ignorant of the subjects which had
been spoken on than any other person in the room;
but he would mention to them, therefore, the im-
pressions of an ignorant man upon those topics.
It was a striking fact that not only in the history
of past ages, but even at the present time, the higher
the civilisation of a nation rose the deeper was the
misery and the crime at the other end of society.
It was this problem which had now to be solved—
whether the education and training of the people
has so led them to the performance of those social
duties which man owed to his country and to his
neighbaur. Education was a pleasant garland
to crown a man's brow • but books must be the
slaves and not the masters of the man ; and the
learning which he acquired must be subservient to
his mother wit. If a fool was educated ever so
highly, he would remain a fool still ; but a sensible
and active man, with a small modicum of learning,
would perform all the duties he was called upon to
do in this world. (Hear.) In some things the
country had made but little progress. Many rivers
were full of filth; but the reason he thought the
nuisance was not removed, was because the opinions
of tso many were taken on the subject ; while in
many instances the work might be quickly per-
formed if two or three men were selected for it and
held responsible. Whilst he admitted that in the mul-
titude of counsellors there might be wisdom, at
the same time he did not forget that too many
cooks might spoil the broth. (Laughter.) There
might be much talk with little performance ; but
in a wise nation there should be a distinct means
of action, as well as a teaching of the poorer
classes how to act. He had a very firm conviction
in the destinies of this nation. The education of
the poorer classes would ensure progress in govern-
ing, and in the means of living, and would tend
also to the increase of freedom. But to attain this
the masses of the people must impress upon the
Government the position it was necessary to take
to carry out measures for the welfare of the nation.
Their station, their happiness, and the good of the
nation was dependent on this—dependent upon the
training which they received, upon the learning
which they imbibed in youth, and upon the example
of parents to their children ani of masters to their
servants. The destiny of the nation would then
rest upon her statesmen, and upon her people, and
upon the support which the people gave to the
executive government to carry out measures which
would make the nation great and happy.
Mr. MONCKTON MILNES, M.P., referred to the
many great events which or;curred since he last ad-
dressed a similar meeting in Manchester ; but he was
happy to see that, amid all these, the Manchester
Athenaeum survived. (Hear, hear.) They might
have had, for all he knew, many revolutions during
his absence ; it was possible they might have had a
coup d'ettrt, but he now found them flourishing and
powerful. The Manchester Athenaeum seemed to
him to fulfil-its purpose ; but that purpose, neither
on, the one side nor the other, professed to embrace
the whole question of education. There could
hardly
.be a person present who had not received
that primary education which would enable him to
take advantage of such an institution as the
Athenaeum • and therefore he would ask those who
were members, and enjoyed the advantages of the
Athenaeum, not to turn their eyes away from the
spectacle below them, and not to forget how large
a portion of the population of Manchester had
not enjoyed the same advantages as they had.
He saw in the newspapers of two or three
days ago that in the city prison of Manchester,
out of a total of 25,000 prisoners, there were
2,000 who did not know how to read. That was
a contrast with the Manchester Athenaeum lying
below it, which it was their duty to contemplate
and remedy. Above them there werethings which
the Athenaeum could not do, and which must rest
solely with themselves—these were the higher
forms of self-education, which their own intelli-
gence and their own power alone could supply.
The Athenaeum, however, would help them to cul-
tivate their intellect as much as they chose. There •
fore they should make use of it to the full. They
should not be afraid of what people called metaphy-
sical studies, which would make them think of
themselves and their own minds, because it was only
by such studies that they could really contemplate
ail that was awful in nature and in principles.
There were two noble lines which he had read
somewhere—

"Two things I ever tremble while I scan,
The stars of Heaven and the mind of man."

Therefore let them look into their own mind, and
sec that if there was one thing more wonderful than
that comet which had swept through the heavens,
it was the mind of man, which enabled him to de-
termine its being, and follow its course. (Applause.)
Neither should they be afraid of imaginary studies,
for they would not lead them away froin the
.prac-
tical duties of life. The most one-sided and violent
men were not the poets, but the especially practical.
He remembered reading in a letter of Robert
Burns's a passage to the effect that he meant to
engage a carrier to get his own letters and, those or
all his neighbours carried for a penny. Ihere was
the germ of the penny post propo.sed by:- a poet and
an exciseman; and nobody did his business better,
notwithstanding his whisky drinking; than Robert
Burns. (Applause.) Mr. Monckton Milnes con-
cluded by alluding. to the benefits arising from a
knowledge of politics, which would give scope for
the exercise of the mental faculties, and enable a
man the better to perform his duties as a citizen.
Mr. GEORGE ,CRUIKSTIANK, who announced that
-he had for 35 yeali; been endeavouring !to improve,
the condition of the working classes, expressed
himself in favour of supplying newspapers as one