The Sun.
London, England, 1867-06-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SAFTJRL)A Y EV ENING, JUNE 15, 1867.

of neglected vaccination. The statistics of the last.
century furnish, one would think, an unanswerable,
argument in favour of Dr. JENNER'S discovery, and
no other means of prevention have been propcked
by its objectors. Our ancestors ranked Dr. JENNER,
and with reason, among the benefactors

of mankind for giving them so power-
ful a weapon of defence against the
dreaded scourge. Besides the greatly dimi-
nished chance of taking the disease, vaccination
so greatly increases the chances of recovery. The
statistics of the Smallpox Hospital during a period
of twenty years show that when a person who has
not been vaccinated is attacked by smallpox the
chances of a fatal result are one in three ; whereas
with a person who has been thoroughly vaccinated
they are one in two hundred. No arguments or
prejudices can alter the conclusion to be drawn from
such figures, and there is little doubt that if vacci-
nation were properly carried out the disease would
scarcely be found among us. As it is, thanks to the
ineffective operation of the Act, great numbers of
persons are never vaccinated at all, and these being
chiefly among the lower classes, where the chances
of infection are increased tenfold from the lack of
cleanliness, deficient ventilation, overcrowding, and
bad living, are of course the very ones most likely
to take and to spread the disease. The report of
the inspectors shows that, in elementary and work-
house schools, from 20 to 30 per cent. of the
children are not vaccinated, the proportion
in some cases reaching as high as 50 per
cent. The consequence of this neglect is appa-
rent in the increase of small-pox during the
last few years. Prior to 1862 the average death
rate from smallpox in England and Wales was
3,967. In 1863 it was 5,964 ; the next year it was
7,684; and in 1865 it was 6,411. Thus in the last
three years the deaths from smallpox have been
more than 20,000, and though that is certainly but
a small proportion of the deaths in a populous coun-
try, yet, considering the effects of a regular system
of efficient vaccination,we must admit it to be far too
high. In contrast to this high death rate in England
and Wales the statistics of Scotland are most strik-
ing. Before the Vaccination Act was passed the
death-rate exceeded 2,000 per annum. In 1865 it
was only 123, and in 1866, 280. The proportion
of children vaccinated in Scotland is, however,
only two or three per cent. So regularly does the
death-rate from smallpox rise and fall with the
rate of vaccination that the inspectors were able
to predict with certainty in what places the
deaths would be most numerous before the re-
turns came in, and their predictions were
completely verified. As •we have seen the
deaths in the whole of Scotland were in one year
only 123, whereas at Northampton, with a popula-
tion of 41,000, it was 151 ; at Merthyr Tidvil, with
a population of 93,000, it was 185; and at Neath,
with a population of 58,000, it was 153. The
Bill which Lord ROBERT MONTAGU brought for-
ward last evening is intended to assimilate the law
in this country to that of Ireland and Scotland,
where it has worked well. It belongs, in
fact, to the late Government, for it was
introduced by Mr. BRUCE, and was care-
fully examined by a select committee. The
bill now before the House is substantially the same
as was then decided upon, and in spite of a good
deal of opposition and criticism it is likely to pass
into law. No doubt there are difficulties in the
way of detail, but since the large majority of in-
telligent persons of all classes accept the principle
of compulsory vaccination there is nothing to be
done but to consider the most effectual means of
enforcing it. Among the poorer classes especially
there still exists a great amount of prejudice and
ignorant opposition to any thing of the kind, and
unless it is made to be somebo.ly's business to hunt
up defaulters and get them punished according to
the statute, we fear there will not be much done.
A system of inspection quarterly or half-yearly
might be organised in the poor and populous
parishes, by means of which the inspector could
ascertain whether or no the children in a house
were vaccinated. Unless we have some arrange-
ment of the kind we shall struggle in vain against
the vis inertia which holds everybody's business to
be nobody's business.

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The question of Luxemburg was reverted to last
night in the House, and Mr. LABOUCHERE very un-
necessarily indulged in some criticisms on the sub-
ject of the Treaty, declaring that a guarantee, such
as had been given was an intervention of the worst
kind, and laid great stress upon the point that the
consequence would inevitably be to draw us into a
war in the event of France and Germany becoming
involved in hostilities. Mr. AYRTON went still
further in his observations, and manifested great in-
dignation at the idea of taking up arms, inquiring
what became of the power of the House of Coen-
MODS to stop the supplies. To these virtuously
indignant questions the noble lord replied by a
speech that gave universal satisfaction, and that
completely explained the situation. He showed, in
the first instance, that ➢lr. AYRTON'S second ques-
tion answered his first one, as to the power of the
House of Commons to interfere in the event of an
attempt being made on Luxemburg, when called for
on assistance by force of arms. There was, in
fact, no need to advert to constitutional doctrines,
with which all arc more or less internally acquainted.
An argument of another speaker was also noticed
by Lord STANLEY, which complained of these
treaties and stipulations being made first, and the
House only being allowed to call them in question
afterwards. This is, said the noble lord, the Con-
stitution under which we live ; and indeed we think
that there is a just reason for such an arrangement
to be made. It would be impossible for Foreign
Secretaries to effect their awkward and complicated
tasks if time were lost in discussions, and if the
various opinions of different speakers were made
public, so as to prejudice matters abroad. In the
present state of things relating to foreign policy it
would be found quite impossible to allow of discus..
sion before the settlement of matters concerning
Treaties, and such like affairs.
Lord STANLEY declared, with the force of con-'
viction, that if any change take place in this ar-
rangement, no one would more rejoice than the per-
son who, for the time being, occupied the place he
now fills. The responsibility is not a desirable one
by any means, and no Foreign Secretary can be in-
different to the opinion of the House, but
is, on the contrary, very anxious to
secure it. It needed not the assurance
of the noble lord that he did not by any means
desire to increase the "diplomatic liabilities" of
this country, because it is well known that he is the
least likely to do so of all our public men ; but
still as mistakes are perpetually arising, and certain
far-seeing politicians are always imagining dis-
asters to be looming in the distance, it is as well
that he should have given a decided opinion upon
the subject. The question of this Luxemburg
Treaty has not as yet produced much comment,
anil we think that Lord STANLEY'S interpretation
of the reticence that has been displayed is correct,
namely, that the House ani the public having
all the parts before them, have " appreciated
the difficulty and the gravity of the position," and
tale necessity unth‘r which the Cabinet acted, and
the position of England as regard Luxemburg,

MOSES and SON, Ready-made and
• Bespoke Tailors, Habit Makers, Woollen Drapers,
Hatters, Hosiers, Boot and Shoe Manufacturers, and Ge-
neral Outfitters for all Classes.
MOSES and SON respectfully invite an
E• Inspection of their Stock of Ready-made Clothing,
which in magnitude, variety, lowness of price, and general
excellence surpasses any that has ever been placed before
the public.
The Bespoke Clothing or Order Department is furnished
with a very large assortment of materials, selected with
particular care from the principal Home and Foreign
markets. Only First-class Cutters are employed, and
therefore the best styles and a perfect fit can be depended
upon.,
,1 he Hosiery and Drapery, Hat and Cap, and Boot and
Shoe Departments, are also supplied with a large and
varied stock.
The Outfitting Department contains every requisite for
Sea or Shore, including tin-ware and Cabin Furniture of
every description.
All articles for Charitable Objects supplied at Wholesale
Prices ; estimates promptly furnished.
E. MOSES and SON'S Establishments are CLOSED every
FRIDAY EVENING at sunset till SATURDAY EVENING at
sunset, when business is resumed until Eleven o'clock.
All articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures,
from which no abatement can be made.
Any article not approved of will be exchanged, or the
money will be returned.
List of prices, with rules for self-measurement, patterns,
and fashion-sheet, and "History of London" (second part)
gratis and post free.
TO 'TOURISTS AND EXCURSIONISTS.—
E. MOSES and SON have made preparations on a
large scale in all departments of their business for Tourists
and Excursionists, and respectfully invite an inspection.
The following are the London addresses of E. Moses
and Son :-
151, MINORIES.
155, bile DRIES.
156, MINORIES.
157, MINORIES.
83, ALDGATE.
84, ALDGATE.
85, ALDGATE.
86, ALDGATE.
87, ALDGATE.
88 ALDGATE.
89, ALDGATE.
506, NEW OXFORD-STREET.
507, NEW OXFORD-STREET.
508, NEW OXFORD-STREET.
1, HART-STREET.
2, HART -S TREET.
3, HART-STREET.
137, TOrfEN HA M-COITRT-ROAD.
133 TOT TENHAM-CO URT-ROAD.
JB3, EUSTON-ROAD.
Also'
19, BRIDGE-STREET, BRADFORD, YORKS.
20, BRIDGE-STREET, BRADFORD, YORKS.
SPECIAL NOTICE. —ln consequence of frequent mis-
representations, E. MOSES and SON find it necessary to
state that they do not employ any travellers or agents,
and that their only Establishments are the above-men-
tioned.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
fun DAY.—MorDiug, 12h. 40,n.—Afternoon, lh. su'
TO-Monnow.-Morning, lh. 25m.—Afternoon, lh. 45m

is
‘2O/li-
-4+3lV,

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1867

We are glad to find that a subject so closely
affecting the public health as vaccination is receiv-
ing a due share of attention. Notwithstanding the
unmistakeable evidence which exists in its favour
the opposition offered by ignorance, prejudice, and
indifference is still so strong that there is no doubt
the preventible deaths from small-pox may be
reckoned at some thousands a year. Besides the
actual loss of life to be reckoned, we must take into
account the disfigurement and the frequent injury
to the licalth and eyesiht, often porr.aanently re-
sulting from small-pox, among the attendant evils

which has been marked by recent arrangements.
We think that all who peruse the noble lord's
speech will recognise the importance of the Treaty
just effected, and appreciate the just cause we have
for thankfulness that peace has been preserved.
Lord STANLEY admits that when he first entered
upon this task he bad very little hope of being able
to prevent war by the Conference which was as-
sembling. The question at issue was a simple
one. France having claimed to purchase Luxemburg
from the King of HOLLAND, alleging that by the
dissolution of the Confederation the German right
of garrisoning the fortress had departed. This was
objected to so strongly that the King of HOLLAND
withdrew his consent, and France contended that
Prussia had no right to keep this garrison any
longer as a " danger and a menace" to France, cir-
cumstances having altered the position of things in
Germany so much of late. To this very reasonable
request Prussia gave at first a flat denial. As Lord
STANLEY said, every one knew that things could
not go on like that, and jealousy and irritation
between France and Germany increased every day.
From this untoward state of affairs arose suggestions
as to the possibility of mediation by neutral Powers,
and their proposal of a Conference.

As the noble lord emphatically said, England had
no possible interest in the matter, but the mainte-
nance of peace in Europe—an object which all
countries must have in view at such a time. "We
did not wish to give a triumph to France over
Prussia or a triumph to Prussia over France. We
only wanted to keep the peace ; it was perfectly well
known that we had no other object and interest, and
if we carried with us any might or influence in
these negotiations, I ascribe it mainly to the fact
that everybody knew what we wanted, and that we
wanted nothing else." Lord STANLEY showed
great prescience in the management of this affair,
for he declined to enter upon the Conference at all
until he Lad such assurances from Prussia as should
afford a prospect of coming to terms eventually.
The French Government had already made some con-
cession. In this he showed a striking contrast to the
line adopted by hispredecessor at the Foreign Office,
for Lord RUSSELL always wasted time in useless re-
criminations, and irritated people by his extreme
language, and after all hesitated so much in coming
to the point that he effected nothing and lost his
influence, while he imperilled the position of Eng-
land in regard to foreign countries. Prussia made a
sine qua non of attaining the neutralisation of the
territory under a European guarantee. All the
other Powers of Europe agreed readily, with the
exception of England ; and Lord STANLEY de-
clared that he never felt so much doubt and anxiety
upon any public question in this life as he did be-
fore this one, and he hesitated before giving his
consent to the arrangement.
Still we do not see how he could have done other-
wise, for, as he truly observes, had he withheld
his agreement it is not a matter of duubt or specu-
lation, but of absolute certainty, that at this mo-
ment the French and Prussian arms would have
been fighting, Austria and Italy would have been
drawn into the conflict, and Holland and Belgium
would probably have ceased to exist before
the war was over, besides serious complications
arising in the East. For all this England
would have teen responsible, because the arrange-
ment only wanted her sanction. Everything taken
into consideration it appears that Lord STANLEY
has acted wisely and well in the very arduous and
responsible task assigned to him, and from the re-
marks of those who followed him it is evident that
the House was of the same opinion. The Luxem-
bourg Treaty is, indeed, an achievement of which
any statesman may well be proud, and it rested
mainly with England to secure its being carried
in to effect.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

PARIS, Friday Evening.

The Moniteur is destitute of political news to-day.
It states that many foreign vessels are now at Gib-
raltar. The English flag is represented by the
screw frigate Galatea, commanded by the Duke of
Edinburgh, the gunboats Trinculo and Psyche,
and the frigates. Caledonian and Arethusa. There
are also in the roads the school sailing ships Iride
and Valeroso, the steamship Prince Humbert, be-
longing to the Royal Italian Navy, and the cele-
brated American corvette Canandaiga.
The Vienna Gazette mentions many acts of kind-
ness and munificence directed by the Emperor of
Austria on the occasion of his coronation as King
of Hungary. All the articles pledged at the pawn-
broking establishments of Pesth for a sum under a
florin are to be restored to the owners free of the
amount advanced, as well as the interest which
would be due upon them.

Rather a serious incident, not expected by the
authors, occurred during the second act. The flags
disposed as ornamental trophies outside the theatre,
waved by the wind, caught fire from a lamp, and
cries of fire resounding through the theatre a panic
arose for a moment, and every person rushed out.
They instantly returned, however, laughing, and the
audience was reassured, the flames having been in-
stantly extinguished, and their being evidently no
dang, r.
The ballet talked of in which 60 English danseuses
are to appear will be produced without delay. The
Scotch virgins have proved attractive—many are
introduced in the opera—but the English sylphides
are expected to make aims in advance of them.
I have already described this theatre. Without
being luxurious it is handsome, capacious, and con-
venient. The boxes are comfortable, and the seats,
instead of being stuffed with velvet and hot in the
summer time, are like open straw chairs. The ordi-
nary chandelier from the ceiling is conspicuous for
its absence, and for the increase of air which is thus
obtained through the upper part of the theatre, the
light being given by small lamps or girandolas
around the theatre. The performers in the opera
are Messrs. Reynal, Hazet, and Codelaghi, and
Mesdames Levero and Boulanger. The orchestra
is exceedingly well directed by Mons. F. Barbier.

The ball given at the Prussian Embassy was very
brilliant, but the details would only be a repetition
of the many recent similar assemblies. The Emperor
and Empress were present, and did not retire until
nearly three o'clock in the morning. The Emperor
Napoleon wore the grand order of the Black Eagle
and King William the grand cross of the Legion of
Honour.

The latest accounts from Japan are satisfactory.
The visit paid to the Taicoon at his residence of
Osabka by the representatives of the European
Powers, appears to have led to some satisfactory
results, and the Japanese Government exhibits a
disposition to execute promptly all the stipula ions
of the treaties which hitherto have not been ful-
filled.

The sovereigns are not the only " stars" recently
observed at Paris. A magnificent shooting star
was seen by M. Silbernann, of the College of France,
on the night of Tuesday. The direction was S.W.
to N.E. It was of extraordinary brilliancy, and
its progress was peculiarly slow. It emitted suc-
cessively white and
yellow coruscations, and was
very near the earth.

The King of the Belgians, and the brother of
the Taicoon of Japan, have sent addresses to the
Emperor, reprobrating in vivid terms the late
attempt at assassination, and congratulating the
Emperor upon his escape. These addresses have
been graciously and thankfully acknowledged by
his Majesty.

The chief point which now occupies the poli-
ticians of Paris is the question whether the business
of the session can be disposed of without an ad-
journment. Upon this matter I cannot give you
any information, for the simple reason that in an
official quarter I am informed that the Government
cannot tell whether the two important measures
which it is desirous to pass can be disposed of in
time to prevent another meeting in the autumn. It
is necessary that many members should depart for
the provinces shortly to be present at the meetings
of the General Councils, and if delay should be
created by the opposition who have given notice of
amendments both in regard to the proposed law
upon the press and that for regulating public meet-
ings, the discussions must be temporarily postponed.
The proposal now is to reduce the stamp duty upon
newspapers to one sou uniformly. At all events
the Government desires to pass both the above
measures with as little delay as possible.
The arts and the institutes have just experienced
a loss which will long be sensibly felt in the death
of M. Le Bas, a member of the Academy of Fine
Arts, and the oldest member of the architectural
body. lie was a member of the Legion of Honour,
and has succumbed after a long and painful illness
at the age of 85. His genius is attested by many
architectural works in Paris. There was a vast
assemblage of the members of the Institute to-day
to do honour to his memory by accompanying his
remains to the cemetery.

To the list of illustrious visitors to Paris may
now be added Prince Charles the Third of alonaco,
who is accompanied by the Queen Mother and her
suite.

A letter from Rome states that during a recent
conversation upon the.subject of the assemblage of
Sovereigns in Paris, the Pope said that he had long
entertained a wish to come to this capital, and it

would be the realisation of a most earnest desire if
he should be able to realise his wish.
An interesting scientific balloon ascent was made
by M. Camille Flammaria on Sunday last, accom-
panied by M. Godard and M. de Mon tigny. The

balloon descended at Vouzi (Loir et Choir), to the
great consternation of some women in the fields
who ran away, shouting out, " the Devil is come !"
One great point established was the decrease of the
humidity of the air on descending. The distance
performed was forty leagues in about six hours. At
the extreme height the gas in escaping made a noise
like the escape of steam from a locomotive.

Figures like facts are stubborn things ; aye, and

_ •
they mark the progress of popularity sometimes

very conclusively. On Whit-Monday the number
of persons who paid for admission to the Exhibition
was no less than 136,000. Such an assemblage of
visitors created a little confusion among the rastau-
ratcurs as well as pleasure, for at an early hour of
the evening the stock of provisions was exhausted.
Remonstrance was, of course, useless in the presence
of temporary famine, so the famished visitors were
compelled either to go without dinner, or to seek for
it elsewhere. The unceasing attraction of the Ex-
hibition should act as a hint to such of your readers
as may be undecided about coining to see it. My
advice to them is, " not to stand upon the ord,..r of
cming, but cJaE3 at once." The International
Theatre is now open. It was exiy.cted that the
openiDg.would have taken place atan earlier period,

but it is such an elegant and commodious building LATEST INTELLIGENCE
as to excite wonder that it could have been finished .
in so short a time. The inaugurative piece was (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
" L'Ange de Rothesay," a comic opera in three acts,
and although the plot of it is drawn from Scotland,
it was natural that on such an occasion French
authorship should have been selected. The words
are by Henri Eser and Alexander Ducros, the
music by Henri Potier. The subject may be de-
scribed in a word. A young Scotch orphan resides
iv a ruined chateau at Rothesay, which, according
to popular tradition, is haunted. A handsome cap-
tain, as brave as he is amorous, is determined to
penetrate into the gloomy and dangerous abode,
1;0 exorcise the ghosts if need be, but at all events to
.)btain an interview with its fair resident. Ile does
so, and of course he falls in love with her and mar-
ries her.

AMERICA.

NEW YORK, June 14.
The steamers Columbia and United Kingdom,
from Glasgow, arrived here to-day.
CROOKIIAVEN, June 15, 7.30 a.m.
The Cunard steamer Africa, from Boston and
Halifax, is now passing Browhead signal station.
She will probably arrive at Quo. nstown at 1 p.m.,
and letters reach London on Sunday at 9.15 p.m.