The Sun.
London, England, 1867-11-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 11, 1867.

adopted to bring us out of our financial troubles.
We shall be told, perhaps, that these are only
general ideas, and that they are practically full of
diffir;ulty ; that what we require is something more
tan gible, more definite, more easy of attainment.
!Those who have to manage the affairs of State
ha re need of fundamental principles like these if
th ey wish to follow out a fixed, straightforward
sy stem. It is not our business to enter into par-
ticulars; but we venture to assert that by adhe-
rence to the conditions laid down at the beginning
of this article, viz., frankness and stability, our
views could be carried out without much labour,
and to the entire satisfaction of the country—
pensa miento Evanol.

the place of those of the departed summer. Even
autumn has vanished, leaving her fallen vine-leaves
as a trophy, and her chestnuts to be roasted for the
benefit of the good people of Paris.

The Hon. David A. Wells spoke at the Board of
Trade, Toledo, Ohio, on the appointment of revenue
officers. Referring to the information he had gained
in Europe, where little was lost through dishonesty
or incapacity in officials, he observed that a re-
form was necessary in America in the mode of
appointing revenue officers. In Europe they had
to submit to a searching examination, but their
appointments when received were for life or during
good behaviour, and they rose by seniority as in the
army and navy. To save the immense sums out of
which the Government is annually swindled, Mr.
Wells went on to say it is necessary to adopt a
method resembling this when an honest class could
be secured.

There is danger that the Republican party may
split in the Presidential election, and if General
Grant was not so strong, the chair of the Chief
Magistrate might be filled by a Democrat in succes-
sion to Mr. Johnson. Many supposed Chief Justice
Chase would have dropped out of sight on the result
of the elections in his State (Ohio) becoming
known ; but they have been mistaken. The Cin-
cinnati Commercial, on the 21st October, published
a defence of the Chief Justice, at the same time
reviewing his political career. It says Mr. Chase
in temperament and convictions is one of the most
Conservative men in the country. From the first
he has been opposed to confiscation and impeach-
ment ; that he never advocated negro suffrage in
the North ; and that his basis for reconstruction
is, and has -ever been, Universal Suffrage and
Universal Amnesty. Nor is he in favour of any
paring down of the national debt, but desires
that the nation may work to make greenbacks as
good as gold, and then to pay off the Debt. A copy
of this article was forwarded in MSS. to the Tribune,
and appeared simultaneously in both papers. It has
excited a good deal of attention, as it indicates the

design of the Chief Justice to stand for the Presi

dency, and if he does, he will be strongly backed by
the Republican party. If that party splits between
him and Grant, the Democrats might carry General
M'Clellan or Horatio Seymour.
It is still rumoured that Mr. Johnson will resist
the action of Congress if suspended from office
during impeachment, should the New York elec-
tions prove favourable to his cause. The Maryland
Militia, nearly 5,000 strong, with its three batteries
of brass guns, has been reviewed by Governor
Swann, but as this is too mild a thing to go to war
with the United States, even with a President at its
head, a more dreadful story has now been concocted.
General Sherman is to hold the army now employed
against the Indians in readiness. This is the latest
bit of "sensation" news due to the fertile imagina-
tion of the Washington correspondents. The ridi-
culous canard has, by order of the President, been
branded as a fabrication.
A telegram from New York, dated Nov. 7,

announces the debt of the United States on Nov. 1

L 867, to have been $2,625,000,000 ; and the cash in
,he Treasury $134,000,000. From the latter sum

has to be deducted $.24,900,000 in gold, due in

payment of gold dividends. This will leave the net
debt of the United States on the Ist of this month
$2,515,900,000. On the Ist of Aug., 1867, the
net debt was $2,511,306,426. On the Ist Sept.,
$2,492,783,365. On the Ist Oct., $2,495,277,446.
Messrs. Belding, Keith, and Co., of 80, Lombard-
street, have called attention to the fact " that the
only loan of the United States Government which
is issued under an act distinctly specifying that the
interest and principal are payable in gold had but
then, for the first time, been quoted on the Stock
Exchange. This loan was issued in 1864, redeem-
able in ten, or payable iu forty, years, and bearing
5 per cent. interest. The amount of the loan was
$400,000,000." They strongly advise their clients
if they have any fear that 5-20's will not be paid in
gold to exchange them for 10-10's, which they
offer to do for a single commission.
The fall in the pricy of cotton appears at last to

have reached its limits. It is remarkable that iu
the face of a deficient Southern crop the staple
should have drooped so low. According to the Na-
tional Statistical Bureau of the United States the
crop for the year 1867 will reach only 1,700,000
bales. If this estimate be correct prices can
scarcely fail to rise. The loss sustained in Liverpool
must have been prodigious, and it is time that those

who have suffered so heavily should at last experi-
ence a change for the better.
Although there were rumours that the trial of
Mr. Davis would be again postponed, the case will
probably be heard during the present month. Cfiief
Justice Chase has announced that he will preside at
the trial if held in sufficient time to enable him to
dispose of the case before the sitting of the Federal
Supreme Court on the 2d December. Mr. Davis's
counsel wishes the Chief Justice to preside, and Mr.
Chase has instructed Judge Underwood to let him
know that the trial can commence on the 13th inst.
if his client prefers it, although his bail-bond does
not require him to appear before the 27th.
The Fenian trials in Dublin are raising questions
which people might have supposed, in this age of
the world, had been settled centuries ago. Colonel
John Warren claimed, as an American citizen, to
be tried by a jury de meditate lingicx, and his coun-
sel withdrew on this being refused, alleging that
the United States had then become the principal.
Captain Augustine Costello exclaimed, in an ex-
cited manner on the Attorney-General concluding
his statement,—

" I do not recognise the authority of this Court to try
me as a British subject. My learned counsel has applied
for an alien jury to try me, and that has been refused. I
would have followed the course adopted by Colonel War-
ren, but at the earnest request of my counsel I have con-
sented to allow the trial to proceed in the usual manner;
but I emphatically and distinctly protest against the course
that this Court thinks fit to adopt. I claim to be an Ame-
rican subject, and if you try me as a British subject on
your heads be the consequences. To the people of the
United States I look for justice."

The Dublin Nation and Irishman uphold the right
of an American citizen to be tried by an alien jury,
and deny that because a man had been born a Bri-
tish subject that therefore he must remain one till
death. The doctrine of eternal national allegiance,
the Dublin Nation says, was blown to fragments
by the cannon of Bunker's Hill. Judge Keogh
overruled the claims made by the prisoners, alleg-
ing the English law to be perfectly clear that one
born a British subject could not shake off his alle-
giance. Allegiance or no allegiance, British or
American, French or Chinese, all living in a coun-
try, can claim to be protected by the laws of that
country, and are eit her bound to observe these laws,
or stand the consequences of infringing them. If
the Unitel States are compelled to defend every
party of fillibusters—every body of liberators—
every gang of mad schemers who may issue from
her borders to commit outrages iu foreign countries,
the Government of Washington will have enough to
do. The Nation and Irishman attach great import-
ance to the question of allegiance, but we cannot
see the grounds. There is no country more inte-
rested in maintaining the doctrine that aliens
sheltered under laws owe the same obedience
as natives to these laws than the United States,
for in no other country do so many foreigners
tind a home. If American citizens commit breaches
of British laws in the United Kingdom, all
that America has to do is to see that the man
is fairly tried according to those laws, and when
these newspapers threaten England with the venge-
ance of the United States for acting in compliance with
the well-established interpretation of those laws,
they may speak on behalf of the Fenian organisa-
tion, but not on behalf of the American people,
who, as a body, strongly condemn their lawless and
violent acts.

On the 16th October, Chief Justice Chase ruled
that the apprenticeship of negroes in Maryland, by
the Orphans' Courts, was such a species of slavery
as to come within the meaning of the Thirteenth
Article of the. Constitution, and that the Civil
Rights Bill was constitutional. The master of the
apprentice who sued out the writ of Habeas Corpus
did not employ counsel to defend his claim, but let
the matter go by default. The decision will affect
a large number, and gives the final blow to the last
vestige of slavery.
On the 12th October the Indian Peace Commis-

sion met Santana, chief of the2Kiowas, and many
leadhig chiefs of other tribes, at Fort Lamed. The
great conference is to take place at Medicine Lodge
Creek, and the head chiefs will accompany the Com-
missioners on their way to the interview. Governor
Crawford and Senator Ross, of Kansas, are with
the Commissioner. Both advocate firm measures and
disapprove of any temporising. Superintendent
Murphy warns the Commissioners against a strong
escort, which may tend to alarm the Indians. The
gathering is very large; runners have been out to
bring in outlying bands. On the 16th October the
Dog soldiers, with their chiefs, Tall Bull, White
Horse, Little Bear, and Grey Head, arrived. The
Penettichet, Comanches, or Honey-eaters, had also
reached Medicine Lodge Creek, from Texas, 300
miles south of Little Arkansas. All the Cheyenne
Lodges were to be assembled by the 18th October,
making up in all from 7,000 to 10,000 Indians.
On the 16th Superintendent Murphy issued a week's
rations to 5,000 Indians. Strong hopes' are enter-
tained that the interview to begin on the 19th Oc-
tober, and last for four or five days, will tend to
peace.

Attention has been drawn to a decision of the
President to test the Constitutionality of the Tenure
of Office Bill. The manner in which this is to be
accomplished is shown in the following statement,
which is said to be published by authority of the
President :

" Whoever shall take the place will receive an appoint-
ment outright as Secretary of War, vice E. M. Stanton
removed. It is the purpose of Mr. Johnson to make an
absolute removal of Mr. Stanton under the law as it existed
prior to the passage of the tenure of office act, which is
held by the administration to be unconstitutional. In this
opinion of its unconstitutionality, Mr. Stanton himself con-
curred. When the bill was passed, Mr. Stanton prepared
a portion of the veto message, denying the power of Con-
gress to pass such an act. The removal of Mr. Stanton
being accomplished in the manner indicated, the President
will simply send his message to the Senate nominating a
secretary of war. In case the nominee be rejected
possibly Mr. Stanton will claim that ho shall be reinstated,
but as the President will consider him out of office he will
bo compelled to seek his legal remedy by a mandamus, or
by any other mode, if there bo any other pointed out by
law. This will bring the question as to the constitu-
tionality of the tenure of office act before the Supreme
Court of the United States for adjudication."
The following is the text of a letter addressed to
us from an influential source. Regarding the first
name we have received other letters, which leave
no doubt of the occupation to which Mr. Rutledge
has devoted himself. From one of the best shops
in London this man secured a supply of the best
articles, regardless of price, as he might well do,
considering he never intends to pay. h is
characteristic of this style of gentry that they go
to the highest class of shops, and select the highest
class of goods, and they go to the best hotels, exact
most, and live on the fat of the land. We give
prominent insertion to our correspondents' com-
munications to guard the public, but we should be
sorry to do the slightest injustice to any individual,
and had not these names been mentioned through
other channels we would have declined to publish
them.

" SWINDLERS ABROAD.—Consuls are particularly
cautioned against one Rutledge, claiming to be from
Charleston, South Carolina, sometimes passing himself off
as the Earl of Rutledge. He has some worthless drafts
which he borrows money on, and has a certificate of iden-
tity from the United States Consul at Hamburgh. Ho
rarely pays bills, and his drafts are always protested, and
he is wholly unworthy of confidence.
Another disreputable person travelling on the
Continent is one Col. Alexander, claiming to be a brother-
in-law of Speaker Colfax, which is not believed to be true.
He also is good at borrowing, but poor at paying. He was
dismissed from the United States army for dishonest prac-
tices.

A woman, sometimes passing off as Mrs. Smith,
and sometimes as Mrs. Wiliams, also lives biborrowing.
She was last heard of at Strasburg.
The people are also cautioned against one Sey-
fried, who is an adopted Swiss American, and who nearly
lives by borrowing money."