The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-03 00:00:00

THE BOMB 41 Y MAILS.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's screw
steamer China, Capt. Neil Cook, arrived at South-
ampton yesterday morning with the mails from
Bombay, in charge of Mr. Douglas, of the General
Post-office. She left Alexandria on the 14th ult.,
Malta the 19th, and Gibraltar the 26th. A large
portion of the passage home has been performed
under canvas alone, in consequence of the loss of
two blades of her screw, and hence the China's pro-
tracted voyage. She experienced strong head winds
and heavy seas throughout.

This packet brought 24 passengers, £550 in
specie, 998 bales of silk, 63 bales of wool, 512 bales
of flax, 29 packages of tusks, 130 boxes of oranges,
300 boxes of raisins, and sundries.

On the 31st ult., in lat. 49 40 N., long. 16 11 W.,
the China fell in with and boarded the ship St. Vin-
cent, of Bristol, steering to the eastward, with loss
of foremast and bowsprit, main and mizen top-
masts, &c. Assistance was offered and accepted,
and the ship was taken in tow for three hours, but
the ropes parting after dark, the China lay by
her all night. At midnight another attempt was
made by the China's lifeboat to carry hawsers to the
ship, but the captain declined receiving them till
daylight, and made sail on his course. The vessel
is supposed to have put into Falmouth. She was
dismasted on the 25th ult.

Her Majesty's ships Marlborough, Brunswick,
Victor Emmanuel, Cmsar, Doris, Orion, Neptune,
Cadmus, Vulture, Mohawk, Quail, and Redpole
were at Gibraltar; also the French steam frigate
Foudre, the Portuguese steam sloop Sagres, and the
Sardinian steamer Tripoli.
Off Algesiras. the French squadron, under com-
mand of Admiral Desfosses, consisting of five ships of
the line, Brigadier Herrera's squadron, and the Aus-
trian steam sloop Dandolo, were in Algesiras Bay.
On the 23d ult. the Spanish Admiral commanding,
the squadron at Algesiras paid official visits to Ad-
mirals Desfosses and Fanshawe of the French and.
English fleets in Gibraltar Bay. The Spanish Ad-
miral was received with the customary salutes, which
were returned by. the Isabel 11. line-of-battle ship.
The following British merchant steamers had ar-
rived at Gibraltar :—Dec. 15th, the Marco Bozzaris,
Capt. G. Stayers, 10 days from London and five from
Plymouth, with general cargo and Government
stores for Gibraltar, Malta, and Constantinople ;
16th ; the Pera, Capt. T. Jamieson, four days four
hours from Southampton, and proceeded to Malta
and Alexandria; 20th, the Cora Linn, Capt. W.
Taylor, nine days from Glasgow, and 29 hours from
Lisbon, with general cargo for Leghorn and Pa-
lermo; 21st, the Melita, Capt. G. Langlands, five
days from Liverpool, with general cargo, for lalta
and Constantinople; same day, the Albanian, Capt.
J. Bates, 61 days from Liverpool, and 32 hours from
Lisbon, with general cargo for Genoa, &c.
The Royal St. George Yacht Club cutter Caro-
line, 31 days from Portsmouth and seven from Co-
runna, arrived at, Gibraltar Dec. 16.
The Royal Thames Yacht Club schooner Shark,
seven days from Southampton, arrived at Gibraltar
on the 17th:

Latest quotations of exchange at Gibraltar were as
under:—London, 90 days' date, 511 to 50' ; Paris,
ditto, sf, 33c. ; Marseilles, ditto, sf. 32c. ; Genoa,
ditto, sf. 37c. ; Madrid, eight days' sight, -1 dis. ;
Cadiz, ditto, dis. ; Malaga, ditto, par; Seville, do.,
dis. ; Alicante, ditto, # dis. ; Valencia, ditto, k dis.;
Barcelona, ditto, par. Spanish pillared dols. 3 per
cent premium--none and no demand.
Freights to Brazil and River Plate, 12 dols. per
ton, and ten per cent. ; Gulf of Mexico and Havan-
nah, 12 dols. per ton, and 10 per cent.; Malta, Leg-
horn, Genoa, and Marseilles, 4 to 5 dols. per ton,
and 5 per cent. ; lead, at less.

1311i0SPECTS OF TILE COTTON TRADE
FOR 1860.

(From the Annual Circular of Mr. Maurice Williams,
Cotton Broker, Liverpool.)
To such an extent have the favourable anticipa-
tions of last year proved correct, and so remune-
rative has the trade become to manufacturers, that
to enter into the probabilities of the next twelve
months appears at present almost a work of supere-
rogation, for, so far as appearances go, there is every
reason to anticipate a continued healthy trade. The
prospects as to the supply of the raw material are
everything that can be desired (4,100,000 to
4,300,000 bales being the favourite estimates for the
incoming American crop), whilst the demand for
goods for India continues large—manufacturers and
spinners being still under contract for a lengthened
period. This of itself is a source of considerable
strength to the Manchester market, and indicates
a vitality in the trade which must, and is, leading
to a conviderable extension of the spinning and
manufacturing power of this country. From this
extension and its results, must, however, be appre-
hended a check to the present prosperity of the
manufacturing interest ; for, should the American
crop not prove equal to the present sanguine ex-
pectations indulged in, the supply available for this
country:would then be barely equal to the consump-
tion, more especially as there is a general expecta-
tion that, with the present sniall stocks on the
continent of Europe and in France, a considerable
increase will be required by them out of the in-
coming American crop, either from hence or direct
—whilst the consumption of the United States it is
expected will also be fully 100,000 bales more than
the preceding year. Still, with all this, a crop of
4,250,000 bales, and a supply from other sources
equal to that received this year, would be fully
equal to the requirements of the next twelve
months. The prospects of the following Ame-
rican crop will, however, ere long begin to
operate ; and, upon the character and pros-
pects of the planting season, and the proba-
bilities of a large or deficient yield of the crop
of 1860-61 will depend the future course of the
market for 1860. With favourable prospects for a
large yield, still lower prices and an, abundant sup-
ply may be anticipated; whilst, should a failure in
the crop ensue, with so large an increase in the
consumptive power of the world, speculative opera-
tions would be the result, and thus tend, not only
to deprive the trade of the profit they now realise,
but by reducing the supply of raw material below
the actual requirements of the mills, produce again
those evils which resulted, in like manner, from the
great extension in manufacturing power caused by
the very prosperous years of 1845 and 1846, being
followed by a failure in the American crops of 1846
and 1847.
It is somewhat remarkable in the history of the
cotton trade that during the last 25 years there has
never been three consecutive large American crops
raised, and the incoming one (estimated at 4,250,000
bales) being the second large yield, the next crop
will be watched with considerable interest in all
its stages, for should it unfortunately not prove
favourable it will be certain to exercise not only
considerable influence upon prices the coming year,
but may tend materially to lessen the amount of
the incoming crop by inducing planters to hold
back a portion of their produce, in anticipation of
realising much higher prices the subsequent year,
with the prospect of a diminished yield.
The following list of the American cotton crops
the past 25 years (that for the current year being
of course estimated), will, on a consideration of
this subject, prove interesting :--
1359-60.. 4,250,000 1846-47 ...... 1,778,651
1858-59 .,3,841,481 1845-46 ...... 2,100,537
1857-58 3,113,962 1844-45 ...... 2,394,503
1856-57 2,939,519 1843-44 ...... 9,030,409
1855-56 3,527,845 1842-43 ...... 2,378,875
1854-55 2,847,393 1841-42 ...... 1,684,211
1853-54 2,930,027 1840-41 ...... 1,634,948
1852-53 3,262,812 1839-40. ..... 2,177,835
1851-52 3,015,029 1838-39 1 630,532
18.50-51 2
.355,257 1837-38 1,801,497
1849-60 2,096,706 1836-37 1,442,930
1848-49 ..2,728,596 1835-36 1,360,725
1847-48.. 2,347,634
With so good a prospect for a large and profitable
increase to the manufacturing interests of this coun-
try as that which now presents itself by the gra-
dual extension of civilisation in the East, it is to be
hoped that the blessings of peace and an abundant
supply of the raw material may be continued, and
that the high range of prices which has prevailed
the past few years may still further stimulate the
growth of cotton throughout the world, so as to
preserve us from the fear of injury to our trade,
which a failure of the American cotton crop
has hitherto produced. With a certainty as to an
abundant supply of cotton, there can be no check
at present to a continued prosperous business for
manufacturers ; for even should the India demand
not prove so large as of late, there must of necessity
arise a demand to supply other foreign markets
which have hitherto been kept bare, by the high
prices ruling throughout the year, owing to the ex-
cessive demand for India, whilst a still further aug-
mentation of our trade with China and Japan may
soon be expected.

AN UNLUCKY WIDOWER.—A curious semi-
romaatio story is forwarded to us by our Lincoln corres-
pondent concerning au unlucky broker of that city. When
widower, with a thriving business, ho was allured into a
second marriage with a fascinating widow, who represented
herself as heiress to vast estates in Scotland, on the under-
standing that he was to contribute a few hundreds to com-
plete the lady's title to her property. Hundred after hun-
dred was produced, in return for which the lady showed
her confiding husband a few documents which she said
were deeds from the Court of Chancery, establishing her
claim; but month after month passed by without the hus-
band coming into possession of the long-expected " Gordon
property," until at length even he became suspicious, and,
as tradesmen were pyes:olng, he determined to investigate
the matter. The fair widow turned out to be an accom-
plished swindler, without a penny, and the broker has no
resource but to return to his trade, and begin life again a
poorer but a wiser man.---Manchester Guardian.

THE KING OF NAPLE

(From the Times.)
If some malign influence could suspend the
Habeas Corpus Act and quench the press, just for
a month, it would have a wonderful effect in ex-
panding some people's minds. Because in this
country every prison is as transparent as a glass
beehive, they will not believe that it can be any
otherwise elsewhere. When our correspondents
tell of a state of things inconsistent with the opi-
nion of our untravelled multitude, they are very
apt to turn away with the remark that the Times
is full of exaggerations. We have never been able
to make this class of English minds comprehend
what it is the Italians had to complain of, and why
it is that they so hate the rub of the Pope and the
King of Naples. They have not imagination enough
to transport themselves out of the state of freedom
in which they have always moved, and to imagine
what their feelings would be if they were living in
a condition of society where secret arrests were
taking place every night ; where no family could
ever separate in the evening -without calculating
the probability that during the silent hours one
of the party might be seized and incarcerated
no one could hope to discover where ; where
no conduct could insure security, because the
most harmless victims were often thought to
make the most impressive examples ; and where
any complaint, or inquiry, or attempt at vin-
dication had no other effect than to give a tenant
to another cell. A large portion of our Eng-
lish public cannot realise this by any mental effort.
They have such habitual confidence in the power of
public opinion that they cannot conceive how worse
things are now happening in Naples than happened
even in the times of the Emperor Tiberius or King
Ferdinand 11.

It falls in our way to-day to narrate a single in-
stance of a common class of cases. Among the best
known and yet the least political families in Naples
there is one which has been suddenly made prey of.
One of the sons has disappeared. The police vul-
tures have swooped upon him, and have carried him
off no one knows where—no one dares to ask where.
It is scarcely possible that he can have been guilty
of any offence, even against such police ordinances
as reign at Naples ; for he cared nothing for poli-
tics, and had no connection with any of the societies
which such a system as that now reigning in Naples
will perforce engender. He was simply a quiet
young man, mixing in good society, the son of a
Neapolitan father and an English mother, and
known to so large a circle that his arrest would be
certain to send the desired vibration of terror
through the city. The most complete proof of the
abject state of the Neapolitans is that the family
itself does not cry aloud. Even the English blood in
their veins does not boil over. It is left to a stranger,
furtively, and with injunctions to secrecy, to appeal
to Europe against this Francis 11. of Naples, this
youthful kingly kidnapper, and to cite this last in-
stance of his tyranny. In the centre of this typhoon
of terror there is a dead silence; it is only from a
dweller upon its borders that we obtain a little
insight of what is going on where it rages. The
letter which has been handed to us runs thus :
" I send this in the faint hope of being useful to
a family with which the English residents at Naples
must feel sympathy. —'s second son was arrested
two days ago, and is in prison. Nobody knows where
or why ; I believe the Government no more than.
the public. They do these things in terrorem.
They occur constantly. Some are let out in a short
time ; some remain in confinement for years ; some
are exiled to a distant province, where, if they are
not persons of property, they beg or starve.
" I write to you, not only unknown to the —s,
but even to my own wife and to my own son.
There is such a complete reign of terror here that
one distrusts one's best friends and even the impru-
dence of one's children. There are spies everywhere.
The servants are spies ; duke and princes are spies ;
nobody is safe. Domiciliary visits every night.
Last week, in Chiaja alone, 50 or 60 persons were
stopped and searched at night as they were walking
along quietly on their own business; even carriages
were stopped and searched.
" The state of the country is beyond description
or imagination; the nation is demoralised, and
divided into two classes—slaves and mouchards."
Alas ! we fear that the Times is powerless in
such a case. We can hope to supply a remedy
for oppression only where there is some conscience
in the governor and some independence in the
people. Our only weapon is publicity. We can
only point to a wrong and appeal to the senti-
ment of generosity and to the sense of justice of
our countrymen, of whom we are always sure, or of
enlightened neighbours, of whom we always have
confident hopes. But what can we do to draw this
innocent young man from a prison in Naples or in
Sicily ? What power or hope have we to excite a
thought of sympathy for himself or for his sorrow-
ing family ? We cannot wake up a people cringing
in black despair ; we cannot touch the horny con-
sciences of police agents and Ministers of State
whose habitual official acts are those of gaolers.
Such men have long been proof against all that the
press can urge. If words could have moved then
they would have repented in sackcloth and ashes
long ago ; if shame could have come over them they
would have long since slunk away before the exe-
cration of all civilised men. They are men of vio-
lence, who fear no retribution other than the punish-
ments they themselves inflict, and they have a King
at their head who has been tutored from the cradle
by their lessons and in their policy, and whose
heart seems to be worthy of his education. This is
a case in which the sympathy of Europe can do
nothing. This victim must remain in his prison -
till the caprice of his gaolers impels them to re-
lease him, or until all the dungeons of Naples and
the Two Sicilies are opened by other hands.
The governing authority of the country in Which
thdaiys
factoutrageousnow a c t
polfu
moppression
ui sp
obnutbeainngevoenrye
of the defenders of legitimacy and order. The
King of Naples, who maintains himself in his
capital only by thus making himself terrible, is
now considering, in conjunction with, the Court of
Spain,—which in its turn is engages in a barbarous
and unsparing warfare with the Moors, simply on.
account of their religion,—venether it will be con-
sistent with the dignity arsa high morality of these
two Powers to take 'place in a Congress which
threatens to recognise the status quo of Italy. It is
easy to understawls that the meditations of the King
of Naples upesa this subject must be somewhat
troubled, awl that far nearer subjects of interest to
him than any care for the interest of the Pope must
press mind.
b e t It
of r the
b a Cl
lomn ge
ar ensss s should
tay aw a bye.
Francis his
Isl .
had 4.elit-lie representative of Naples might find himself
the object of some curious inquiries as to the inter-
nal condition of that country, and perhaps he might
also have to hear some remonstrances as to the
scandal he is bringing upon the name of all abso-
lute government, and the danger he is occasioning
to legitimacy throughout the world. With spies
in every house, with police agents filling the streets,
stopping the passengers on foot and peering into
the carriages ; with prisons full of the most respec-
table citizens, and with the elements of revolution
stored up around him, he may well be disinclined
to meet his,Tellow-monarchs in Congress, and he may
well be perplexed with fears of change at home.
But, if Naples should ultimately resolve not to ge
to this Congress ; or, better still, if there should be
no Congress at all, does this foolish and cruel young
man imagine that the course he is now pursuing
and the iniquities he is now perpetrating can
therefore be more safely continued ? There is a
point which tyranny may reach where it becomes
worse than anarchy,'even in the eyes of nobles and
of merchants. There is a point also which
tyranny may reach where it becomes hateful to
crowned heads, and finds no sympathy even among
absolute Monarchs. Cases like that we to-day
quote are a common symptom of that high tide of
tyranny which presses too heavily against its banks
and threatens the dani which alone keeps out the
ocean. If there should be no Congress, and if
Russia and Austria should become unwilling to
share the odium of these Neapolitan atrocities, or
should be restrained from interference by England
and France, what in such a case does Francis of
Naples believe can possibly be the result of the
course upon which he is now embarked ? Do his
own youthful impulses fail to suggest to him that
resentment and despair will have their way ? Can
he doubt that if Central Italy is left unshackled she
will hasten to extend to Naples the liberty she has
acquired for herself ? Does he not feel that when
that event shall occur Italy will soon settle her
account with the Switzer and German mercenaries
who for the present moment sit squat upon the
body of Naples ? This young King must know
these things, although he acts as though he knew
them not. It is sad, but we fear it is unavoidable
now to accept the fact as fully proved, that this
young Francis Marie Leopold is only a Ferdinand
11. ground young again. He has in a short time
proved himself to be a true Bourbon, incapable of
learning anything beyond the old family tradi-
tions, and incapale of forgetting any particle of
those traditions. Ho seems to differ from his
father only so far that he has no traces of his
ability, end, perhaps, a slightly exaggerated share
of his ferocity and bigotry. Such men and the
deeds which such men do are not suited to the age
in which we live. Unless Francis 11. change his
policy, Naples will certainly change her dynasty.

ENGLISH VESSEL FOUNDERED ON THE FRESCII
COIST.—CREW LosT.—A letter from Calais states that an
English sloop, the New Endeavour, of Dover, foundered off
that port two nights back in the midst of a violent snow-
storm. The crew, consisting of five men, took to their boat,
but from the heavy sea she upset,and all of them perished.
Two of the bodies have been picked up.

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