The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-18 00:00:00

Years.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 18, 1860.

pARTNERSHIP. —A Gentleimn having £3,000
or £4,000 can be admitre'd as PARTNER into an exten-
sive and old-establiOled PRINTING and PUBLISHING
BUSINESS oat Very advantageous terms. One having a
practical kilOwledge of the Wholesale Booksellibg branch
preferred. For particulars, address X. IC, cafe Of Mr. Aylott,
e, Paternoster-row, E. C.

VHE BUCKLEYS IN LONDON, at the ST.
-1 JAMES'S TULL, Piccadilly, Every Night at 8, and
a Day Peformance on Saturday Afternoon at 3. Pull Pro-
gramme and Tickets may be obtained at 28, Piccadilly, from
10 till 5, and at the Principal Libraries and Musiesellers.
Admission, Stalls, 3s. I Area, 2s. ; Gallery, ls.—Doors open
at Half-past Seven, and Saturday Afternoon, at Half-past
Two. *. Grand Change of Programme !

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE MUSIC
ITA LL. Admission, Sixpence.
First talent in the world engaged.
OPEN NIG FITLY at Seven o'clock.—Six Thousand Every
Evening, Seeing is believing.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly.
The handsomest and best proportioned rooms in
Europe, are open for COWERTS and DANCING, Conducted
by the well-known artiste Mons. ANTONY LAMOTTE, of
Parisian celebrity. M. Boulcourt, the greatest Cornet player
fa this country, plays solos nightly. Doors open at half-past
Seven. Dancing at Nine o'clock. Admission, One Shilling.
N.B.—A magnificent Smoking and Reading-room is added to
this establishment,

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS,
I-- High Holborn.—This establishment, so highly patro-
nised by the public, stands unrivalled for the beauty, costli-
ness, and elegance of its decorations. The Dancing area is
most extensive, and unsurpassed by any ballroom in the
metropolis. The reading, smoking, and refreshment Saloons
attached are now open for the wintsr season, and the highest
regard is paid to the comfort of the visitors. The much ad-
mired Band, under the direction of their highly talented
chef, Mr. Packer, performs all the choicest music of the day,
introducing solos on the cornet, violin, oboe, clarinet, eupho-
nium, &c. Admission to all parts of the establishment, ls.

TEET It-MR. ESKELL'S PATENT.-
-a- On the 17th July, 1860, Mr. ESKELL, Surgeon Dentist,
8, Grosvenor-street, W., obtained her MAJESTY'S ROYAL
LETTERS PATENT for an improved method of fixing
ARTIFICIAL TEETH to the GUMS on MOVEABLE
BASES, without plates or any fastenings which may be thus
described :

The Teeth are perfectly fitted from first to last in Two
HOURS, without pain or extraction of stumps, by means of
Moveable Elastic and Indestructible Bases. Placing one
within a tube to which the Teeth are attached, and applying
it to the gums, it adheres with such tenacity by auction that
the Teeth are quite immoveable. except at the will of the
wearer. A new Base is readily applied, without the aid of a
Dentist, when changes take place from loss of Tceth absorp-
tion, (to., rendering these Teeth always useful and durable
for life.

The exclusive right to this Patent is secured to Mr. Eskell
by her Majesty's Royal Seal, and can only be procured at his
residence, where specimens may be seen and every informa-
tion obtained. Decayed teeth stopped. Loose teeth fastened.
Consultations free.-8, Grosvenor-street, London; Old
Steyne, Brighton; and Bennett's-hill, Birmingham.

AN EFFECTUAL REMEDY.-LAMBERVS
ASTHMATIC BA LSAIE, without confining the bowels
or affecting the head, truly efficacious and pleasant, is ad-
mitted to be the best medicine for immediately relieving
coughs, colds, confirmed cases of asthma, and consumption.
It frequently cures persons whom the faculty pronounce in-
curable, admirably- allays the tickling which provokes frequent
coughing. In approaching consumption its effects are truly
beneficial. Pers,ns deprived of sleep, or even lying down for
fear of suffocation, may depend en relief in a few minutes
after taking it. Prepared only and sold by W. Lambert,
Chemist, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, and by all Druggists
in bottles, 13'.d., 'N. 3d., and 4s. 6d. each. Be particular and
ask for Lambert's Asthmatic Balsam.

Also, by the same Author,

IRTOMAN AND HER DISEASES, a Treatise
Y describing their Symptom s,Causes, and Treatment, with
Cases, free by post on receipt of seven stamps, contains a mass
of information indispensable to those for whom it is written.
Address, Dr. HENRY SMITH, 8, Burton-crescent, Tavistock-
-square, London, W.C.

k/lAGIC LANTERNS and DISSOLVING
Iv • VIEWS lent out, and sent into the country, with the
option to purchase. Messrs. S. &B. SOLOMONS' Improved
Phantasmagoria Lanterns having lenses of pure German
Glass, and being arranged with Solomons' beautiful light,
which surpasses any other for its simplicity and brilliancy,
a clear disc is obt.ined 20 feet diameter, hitherto unattained.
Slides in great variety. They also be to introduce their
new Instrument, which is one of the most amusing and in-
structive ever brought out. It illustrates the motion of the
Planets, Armstrong's shot, and many wonderful effects, price
?5,5. Also, the improved Life-boat Barometer, by Admiral
Fitzroy; it needs no comment upon its superiority, and is
now arranged by them for the use of the public. Price £4 4s.
Scientific Instrument Makers, 39, Albemarle-street, Picca-
dilly, W.

PECTACLES.-SIGHT AND HEARING.-
DEAFNESS.—A newly-invented instrument for ex-
treme cases of deafness, called the SOUND MAGNIFIER.,
Organic Vibrator, and Invisible Voice Conductor. It fits so
into the ear as not to be in the least perceptible ; the unplea-
sant sensation of ringing noises in the head is entirely re-
moved. It affords instant relief to deaf persons, and enables
them to hear distinctly at Church and at public assemblies.
Every other kind of hearing instruments. Messrs. SOLO-
MONS have invented spectacle lenses of the greatest trans-
parent power. The valuable advantage derived from their
invention is, that vision becomes preserved and strengthened ;
very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the
most minute occupation, can see with these lenses of a much
ess magnifying power, and they do not require the frequent
changes to the dangerous effects of further powerful assist-
ance.-39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York
Hotel.

'TELESCOPES, Opera, Race-course, Field, and
I general Out-door Day and Night Perspective Glasses,
very small, for the waistcoat pocket, each containing 12 and
18 lenses, constructed of German glass. Will show distinptly
a person to know him at two-and-a-half and three miles, and
an object from 8 to 10 miles distant. Her Majesty's Coast
Guard are making use of them as day and night glasses in
preference to all others; they are a'so preferred for deer-
stalking by sportsmen, gentlemen, and gamekeepers. l Tele-
scopes,an.r 034
ni inches by whichnd a n object
abyeeerr mt
ay be bf4clme seeniles' is
tance ; and with an extra astronomical eye-piece Jupiter's
moons, Saturn's rings, and the double stars are distinctly
seen ; they are in endless variety, of larger and all sizes, with
increasing powers, and are secured by her Majesty's Royal
letters patent. —Messrs. S. and B. SOLOMONS, Opticians, 39,
Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel, W.

GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET. W., NEAR
THE PANTHEON.
TI R. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal
, College of Surgeons, Licentiate of' Vildwifery, and Apo-
becaries' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as
love, on all oases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity,
Lass of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements
If both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive :indul-
gences

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OURSELVES.
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HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY;
On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion,
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LOVE AND MARRIAGE :
their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments ; Love
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No. E.
THE CASE BOOK :
100 Cases orSPERMATORKFICEA,

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Dr. Culverwell is the only legally qualified medical practi-
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"The temporary relief obtained by means of purgative
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Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility with cramps,
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PIJ

NEW CHRISTMAS STORY BY THE AUTHOR OF
"GRANDMOTHER'S MONEY."
On Dec. 22, in I vol., ekgantly bound and illustrated, ' ,
TWELVE O'CLOCK. A CHRISTMAS
STORY. By the Author of "Grandmother's Money,"
" Wildflower," &c.
Hurst and Blaokett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

2 NOTICE.
BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY,
The January Number, containing the First Part of Mr,
AINSWORTH'S New Serial Story,
THE CONSTABLE OF TIIE TOWER,
Illustrated by John Gilbert,
Will be published on Saturday, 22d December.
London : Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

CAPTURE OF PEKIN.— In ZADKIEL'S
ALMANAC, p. 45, we read : "I deem it clear that
some great deed of war shall bring fame and honour to the
standard of Old England!" The Almanac for Ib6l, price Gd.,
at Berger's, liolywell-street, Strand.

Just published, price is., new edition, by post 14 stamps,
THE SCIENCE OF LIFE : or, How to Live,
and What to Live For ; Explanatory of the Mysteries
of Man's Existence, and the various Phenomena of Life.
With Instructions for Securing Health and Strength ; and
Remarks on the Treatment of Disorders incidental to Seden-
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By a PHYSICIAN of 20 years' practise.

- -
CONTENTS.—The Physical Education of Early Life—The
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ac.
London : Mann, 39, Cornhill, and all Booksellers.

THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE
fully explained in J. GROSSMITH'S
" GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES."
The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex
perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in busi-
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intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all
is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully
examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin-
ciples."
Kent and Co., late Piper and Co., Paternoster-row.

Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. Bd.,
(IN THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of
V STRICTURES of the URETHRA ; showing why they
so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be
removed by the most simple means.
By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E.,
And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the
Cure of Strictures of the Urethra.

" This work is the production of a surgeon whose special
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London: H. Bail Here, 219, Regeat-street.

A New Edition of

THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE.
By JOSEPH KHAN,
Graduate in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery, in the Royal
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This popular work (which his teen translated into four
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Price One Shilling, or free by poet (in an envelope) for
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J. Allen, 20, Warwick-lane, Paternoster-row ; or from the
Author's Address, 17, Harley-street, Cavendish-square, W.

VIRESENTS.— ORNAMENTAL and SCIEN-
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'Waterloo Gallery. The knights and officers of the Order
of the Garter had the honour of being invited.
The invitations to the banquet comprised, among others,
the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, and the Princess Alice,
Prince Louis of Hesse, the Princess of Leiningen, the Prince
of Leiningen, the Mistress of the Robes, the Duchess of
Sutherland. Knights of the Garter—The Duke of Cam-
brith, e, Earl Granville, the Duke of Devonshire, the Duke
of Newcastle, the Marquis of Exeter, Marquis Camden, the
Marquis of Westminster, the Marquis of Normanby, the
Earl of Carlisle, the Earl of Clarendon, the Earl of Har-
rowby, and Viscount Palmerston.

The band of the Scots Fusilier Guards was in attendance,

NORTH ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH.

TQ THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sir,—l am directed by the promoters of this
undertaking to hand you the preliminary reports of
the surveying expedition in the Fox, under
.the
command of Captain Allen Young, and to state that
detailed and final reports are now in course of pre-
paration, and will shortly be made public.
I am also requested to call your attention to the
enclosed interesting letter from Sir Leopold M'Clin-
tack to Sir Chas. Bright.—l am, &c.,
Old Jewry, Dec. 17. WM. BEVAN.

Portsmouth, Dec. 60860.

My dear Sir Charles,—You are very welcome to
my opinion respecting the North Atlantic Tele-
graph route ; it has been formed solely upon what
I have recently seen, and upon the local informa-
tion I have gleaned, whilst employed in sounding
and surveying along the projected route in com-
mand of her Majesty's steamer Bulldog.
As for the short lengths of cable between
Scotland and Faroe, and from thence to the
east shore of Iceland, no difficulties need
be encountered ; there are certain channels
between the Faroe Isles where the tides are very
strong, but there are also still-water creeks, and
these I presume will be selected for landing the
shore-ends.

Like most of my countrymen, I was profoundly
ignorant of the climatic condition of Iceland be-
fore I went there ; and being desirous of obtain-
ing authentic information respecting the ice
movements in the adjacent seas, a scientific
gentleman to whom I had an introduction kindly
met my wishes by hunting up for me such facts
as I required from the celebrated " Icelandic An-
nals," which date back as far as the 9th century.
Briefly, then, the shores of Iceland are only visited
by drift ice about seven or eight times in each
century, and it is only upon two or three of
these occasions that the drift ice is sufficiently
extensive to reach the south side, and surround the
whole island. True icebergs are never seen; the
heavy masses often so called are small enough to
float freely in comparatively shallow water, so
that a cable would remain undisturbed at the bot-
tom, the shore end,being carried up a fiord.
I trust you will adhere to the original inten-
tion of a land line across Iceland to Faxe Bay, as
by so doing you will avoid the only part of the
sea where submarine volcanic disturbance may be
suspected. Faxe Bay never freezes over, and I
find no record of drift ice within it since 1683.
Merchant vessels come and go throughout the
winter.

From here the cable to Greenland will proceed.
During the spring of the year South Greenland
is usually, enveloped with drift ice and icebergs,
whilst in in the autumn it is for the most part free;
it is however liable to be more or less obstructed
throughout the whole year; the present, for in-
stance, has been an extremely bad one, probably
the worst for 30 years, and yet the Bulldog (paddle
steamer), the Fox (screw), and the Danish sailing
vessel have visited julianshaab in September, Oc-
tober, and November. _

My humble opinion is that in two years out of
every three the ice will be too inconsiderable to
obstruct the laying down of a cable during the
autumnal months, whilst in my official report to
the hydrographer of the navy I have expressed a
confident opinion that the shore end may be car-
ried into a fiord where it will be secure from ice-
bergs or drift ice.
It only remains for me to notice Labrador. The
landing place for a shore end there has yet to be
sought for. The interior, I was told, would pre-
sent no difficulty whatever for a land line.
The contour of the sea bottom and depth of the
ocean throughout the route is decidedly favourable,
and here let me inform you that my report is mis-
quoted in the Engineer of Friday last, the writer
stating that I mention the soundings in one part as
being " very irregular," whereas I reported them as
" very regular."

You cannot have failed to derive much encourage-
ment from the explorations of the Bulldog and Fox.
There are difficulties, of course, in so great an
undertaking, but they are not by any means insur-
mountable. To me it will always prove a source
of real gratification to have been actively employed
in the advancement of an object of such vast na-
tional importance.
You must take my opinion for no more than it is
worth ; you are well aware of its chief merit—an
entire absence of prejudice or bias of any kind.
Should you desire it, I will be happy to explain
to you in detail my grounds for every opinion, and
authority for every fact which I have stated.
I am, my dear Sir Charles, faithfully yours,
(Signed) F. LEOPOLD WeLINTOCK.
To Sir Charles Bright, &c.

Steam Surveying yacht Fox, Southampton,
Nov. 28,1860.
_ _

Sir,—l beg to report the arrival of the Fox in
Southampton Docks, at 4 p.m. yesterday, and as
my last communication with you was from Iceland,
I now hand you a preliminary sketch of our pro-
ceedings, and report of survey, combined from the
observations of both Mr. Davis and myself since
leaving Reikavik.
Having rated chronometers and swung ship for
local deviation of compasses, we left Reikavik Aug,
31, and on following day were in position off the
headland of Sninfells Jokul, in north-west extreme
of Faze Bay.

I had then intended making a course so as to
strike the coast of Greenland in the same parallel
of latitude, and carry the survey from that point
down the coast to Cape Farewell. Our object being
to examine the inlets and outlets upon the coasts,
we did not delay for the purpose of deep sounding,
but took advantage of every opportunity to obtain
a cast and bottom specimens. At a distance from
60 to 160 miles, in a direction S. 57 deg. W. from
Sncefells Nees, we obtained soundings of from 175
deepening to 1,100 fathoms, the bottom being mud,
specimens of which, and of the water brought up
by Six's thermometer cases, were on all occasions
preserved.
A series of gales with heavy sea now drove us
from the desired course, and precluded us during
the following days from making observations on the
depth of the ocean. During these days every care
was taken to ascertain the set of the Polar current,
but by which we were not sensibly affected. In
these gales we lost a portion of our bulwarks,
stanchions, and deck gear, and although two of our
men were seriously hurt we fortunately lost no lives.
Our next opportunity for deep-sea sounding was
on approaching the east coast of Greenland, when,
at 130 miles N., 75 deg. E. from Cape Bille, we got
bottom in 1,135 fathoms ; and again 1,052 fathoms,
with good specimens of mud, at a distance of 63
miles ; we then carried in soundings to 170 fathoms
ten miles from the land, Cape Bille bearing N. 40
deg. W.
We had previously passed through some light
streams of drift ice, and on this day, Sept. 12, I
filled up fresh water from a floe-piece, and then
approached the land, the ice being close and heavy
under the land ; and in the evening, being sur-
rounded with loose pieces, I kept away to south-
ward along the shore until daylight, when I stood
in to about three miles off the high island called by
the natives Ourenarsuk. Some closely-packed ice
lay here along the coast, the easterly wind keeping
it upon the land ; and seeing no opening to enable
us to get in at that time, with no prospect of an off-
shore wind to disperse it, I continued following the
trend of the land and looking for an open harbour.
Views of the land, angles and observations for fixing
positions, &c., were obtained as we coasted along.
A dark water-sky off Lindenow Fiord led me to
hope that I should there be able to obtain anchorage;
but in the afternoon of September 13 the wind
freshened from SS.W., and the weather began to
threaten a repetition of the violent gales we had
already experienced, and to bring back fresh ice
from about Cape Farewell ; and as the floe-pieces
were very close around the ship, and I saw no
prospect of reaching a harbour on that evening, I
had no alternative but to stand off for the night to
the south-eastward. Two Polar bears were seen on
this day, ono of which I shot.
On the 14th we were in lat. 60 N., long. 4.10 W,60 miles east from the entrance to Prins Christian
Sound, having been led off by thetrend.of the ice,
which now gave us the first indications of an unusu-
ally great accumulation around Cape Farewell, and
which drove rapidly back to north-east before the

piIICE 4D. STAMPED, sr.

wind. We here obtained soundings in 1,120 fathoms,
gravel and sand ; and again on the 16th, Cape
Farewell bearing N. 56 W., 75 miles, 1,230 fathoms,
muddy sand.
From this date commenced a series of most vio-
lent gales, which blew without intermission until
the evening of the 19th, and during which time I
had on several occasions penetrated the ice, in order
to ascertain if the coast was sufficiently free to admit
of our carrying on surveying operations in the
southern fiords; and on the evening of the 21st of
September we moored to an iceberg for the night,
we then being 36 miles S., 29 deg. W., from Cape
Thorvaldsen on Desolation Island, having worked
through some streams of ice; and we took this op-
portunity of sounding. We' got an unexpected
depth of 1,550 fathoms, but unfortunately lost the
bottom specimen from the line fouling the ship's
keel, and breaking at 300 fathoms in heaving in.
From the absence of ice in shore we had intended,

with daylight, entering the Torsukatak Channel,
and proceeding within the islands to Julianshaab
and southern fiords ; but after midnight a furious
hurricane from SS.E. suddenly burst upon us,
tearing us from the berg, and compelling us to
scud before the wind and through the openings
in the ice, which now fast accumulated again
from the southward. A detailed account of
this hurricane will be given hereafter ; suffice
it to say that, after having frequently struck
the ice, got the water over our machinery, and en-
gines consequently stopped, stormsail split, and
upper works damaged, we were by the mercy of
God's providence saved from destruction.
The northerly currents and continuance of stormy
weather prevented our reaching Frederickshaab
until Oct. 2, to which harbour I was obliged to go
to repair damage, refit, and obtain fresh water.
After seeing to the necessary repairs I organised
a boat expedition to southward, to examine the
coast, and to ascertain if free from ice, which had
hitherto constantly streamed northward alohg the
land. Davis, Rae, Shaffner, Zeilau, and Woods
accompanied me.
Having reached a good position southward,. and
there finding that the ice seaward had almost dis-
persed, I immediately returned, with the view at
once to proceed on our voyage with the ship. We
sailed from Frederickshaab on Oct. 20, with strong
northerly gale, and on following day passed through
the Insakatak Channel, reaching Julianshaab on
the 22d, and on ascending the neighbouring hills,
from the height of 1,000 feet, not a piece of drift
oceanic ice was to be seen around the coast.
Having made all inquiries about Igalliko (Julians-
haab) fiord, I deemed it advisable at once to corn•
mence a survey of this beautiful arm of the sea,
and acting upon the opinion of Col. Shaffner, that
were this fiord found practicable the electric circuit
from Reikavik would not be too extended.

We first sounded up to tip head of the Fiord,
which gave an opportunity for our landing a tra-
velling party, under command of Dr. Rae, to
examine the inland ice and nature of the country.
A party also went to the Old Nordisker ruins at
Igalliko.
Returning with the Fox to Julianshaab, Oct.
27, we then surveyed the estuary of the Fiord, and,
from the soundings obtained, I am of a decided
opinion that a depth of not less than 150 to 160
fathoms can be carried from the middle of the
Fiord, abreast the settlement, out to sea, with a
general muddy bottom. This depth of water will
effectually preclude injury to the cable from the
largest icebergs ever seen upon the coast.
Although many bergs lay along the coast we
saw none aground in this valley of the Fiord, nor,
according to information obtained from the resi-
dents, have they been seen grounded in that

These operations occupied us till November 2,
when winter had fairly set in. The temperatures
were lower than usually experienced in midwinter,
and the Fiord, which seldom freezes, was already
covered with thin ice for sixteen miles from the
head ; nevertheless, I had intended, had we been all
on board, to have proceeded with the last of the
moon to Parmiedluk, in order also to examine Illoa
Fiord, but our anxiously expected travelling party
from the inland ice had not returned, and I imme-
diately left the ship with boat and sledge in search
of them, and found them at Igalliko. We all re-
turned on board on November 6.

All surveying operations for this season were now
at an end, the moon had gone, and the new ice
forming fast inside the islands put a stop to further
navigation upon the coast, and, as it was also too
late to get into Hamilton's inlet, I determined at
once to proceed to England, and accordingly, on
November 8, sailed_ from Juliannshaab, passed
through some drift ice in the night, and, after a fair
run under canvas across the Atlantic, anchored in
Portland ltoads on November 23.

I much regret that the unusual severity of the
season, and the consequent uncertainty of the navi-
gation, prevented my carrying out our earnest de-
sires to meet Sir Leopold M'Clintoek.
This report, and my previous letters, though
necessarily brief, will show that my decided opinion
(so far as we have been upon that route) is favour-
able to the practicability of the undertaking; and
that Juliannehaab will under all circumstances be
well adapted for the reception of the cable. With
regard to the operation of laying the cable, I consider
that no apprehension may be felt on that point, for
the sudden disappearance which we witnessed of
the ice from the coast, and from the ice usually dis-
persing from the southeast shores of Greenland in
the autumnal months, opportunities will always
occur when a ship having the cable on board and
lying in readiness in Julianshaab may depend
upon having a period of clear and open sea. The
cable once laid, no drift ice can in any way injure
it, if the proper precautions are taken in securing
the shore end.

As soon as the detail of the survey, with astrono-
mical observations, has been worked up, and when
our meridional distances are ascertained, a further
report, with charts, drawings, meteorological regis-
ter, &c., will be submitted to you.
Although this is only a preliminary report, I
cannot refrain from expressing my gratitude to all
the officers attached to the expedition, who have
exerted themselves to their best ; also to those in
the Government departments, from whom I have
received the most valuable assistance, and to whoa
I shall again refer in my detailed report. I have
brought home an Esquimaux hunter, and hope to
teach him the English language, in order that we
may have a direct interpreter in the future opera-
tions in Greenland.

I am thankful to say that, on arrival in England
we had not a case of sickness on board, although
several accidents occurred during the heavy
weather we experienced. I have not lost one of my
fine crew.

I have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient
servant,

ALLEN YOUNG,

Commander of the North Atlantic Telegraph
Expedition.
J. It. Croskey, Esq.
Captain Young living submitted the above sketch
of our voyage from 'lceland to my consideration, I
perfectly share in the opinions expressed therein
as to the practicability of the route.
J. E, I)AVIS, Master and Surveyor, R.N.,
Steam Surveying Yacht Fox, Southampton, N0v.30.

London, Dec. 14, 1860.
Gentlemen,—Having engaged to take charge of
the land portion of the expedition for the examina-
tion of the North Atlantic Telegraph route, and to
report to you my observations, I have now the honour
to inform you that my full and detailed report is
drawn up and subject to your order at any moment.
I have only awaited the completion of the enlarged
maps of the respective lands traversed, which
have been requested since my return, and
which are still in progress of construction. For the
present I will confine myself to a very brief sum-
mary of the results of my own observations, and of
such reliable information collected en routs as may
in future be of use to the enterprise.
After a tedious passage of fourteen days from
England we reached Thorshaven , the capital of the
Faroes, on the 3d August. The three following
days were spent in travelling over the island of
Stromoe, in a north-westerly direction, from Thors-
haven to Halderoig, a distance, by the route we
followed, of about 27 miles.
The results of this short journey were very satis-
factory, and showed that there would be no great
difficulty in carrying a telegrapti.sNire over the line
,
wof route by which we passed, l
the termini of the land journey seemo small bays at
well fitted for
the landing
of a cable ;
and the sound which
separates Stromoe from Osteroe offers great facili-
ties for the transport of materials.
The mode of transport overland is by pack
ponies, which are extremely sure-footed, and can
carry a load of 2001b5,, or more. Footpaths already
exist, which could be much improved at a veil'
moderate expense.
The inhabitants of the Faroes are hospitable,
well educated and intelligent, and would give all
the aid in their power to carry out this great
undertaking, in which all whom I conversed with
took a deep interest.
The Journey across Iceland from Bernfiord on the

N EIV S RA P L: I i
Iferik -, _ • . ,—.:ric.: fg:-.,
east to R ki on the wt !st coast commenced on `l'''-' /47
,
the 15t Aug., end occupi red fourteen. days--the -°.
;1i ce travelled (,`T
f 45C, miles. During
being little, if at 4./i. short .'
this: journey, although we
by no means followet..l the ishortest route, or that
*-71.--
' best adapted for telegrai'Alie purposes, no obstacles,
as far as I could notice, prt....,, sented themselves to the
erection of a telegraph w; re. As we kept well to
the northward, all the stre.uns of any size crossed
by us (with one exception) flowed .in that direction ;
and high, well-defined banks, \Thich showed no
indication of ice action or of 8 hiftio,g their position,
island.
as I am told, is a peculiarity of the , rivers flowing
into the sea on the south coat of the
By information received from somt , of the most
intelligent and respectable gentlemen at Reykiavik I
am led to believe that Portland, on they south coast
of Iceland, although not a harbour for ,vessels, is
well fitted for the landing of a cable, at e beach
being of fine sand. There is frequently et heavy
Turf, but this I am told would not injure a ict:rung
cable laid upon a shore of the nature descrilyetf.
The modes of transport of stores over Iceland are
by ponies, and in some places waggons and sledi,ves
may be used.

The lowest temperature experienced during win-
er is 13 degrees, or 14 degrees below zero of Fahren-
heit, and this is of rare occurrence.
I regret to say that our visit to Greenland, as far
as regards the land part of the expedition, was very
limited, in consequence of the lateness and unusual
top
severity of the season, and other causes.
1 had no opportunity of examining the h
an e inlandinion
ice to any extent, so that I cannot give
on the practicability of carrying a wire or cable
across any part of South Greenland, nor do I think
this of much importance, as I believe the doing so
will not be found requisite or advantageous.
From my own observation, and from information
obtained from the most reliable sources, I do not;
believe that the ice, either in the form of floe or
bergs, can injure a cable if once down, and that in
ordinary seasons a cable may be laid without much
difficulty.
That the dangers to ships from ice are not gene-
rally considered very groat in the South Greenland
seas may be inferred from the fact that vessels
sometimes numbering ten or twelve in the soason,
visit this coast, and generally return laden to Europe
in perfect safety and uninjured. Most of these
vessels are not strengthened in any way to protect
them from ice.
Col. Shaffner and Lieut. Von Zeilau (one of the*
Danish commissioners) accompanied me on the.
journeys across Stromoe and Iceland, and I cannot
close this brief letter without expressing the deep
sense of obligation I am under to these gentlemen.
To the former for his excellent practical advice and
hisuu zealns el
andin any
energyarisin
case
in 'of difficulty • to the latter for
general, and especially for the
valuable services
proemophleis
among
gt knowledge
owoledge
of the languages of thge f
we
travelled.

I have the honour to be gentlemen,
Your very obedient servant,
JOHN RAE.
Messrs. Croskey and Co., King William-street,
City.

The undersigned, appointed as delegates front
the royal Danish Government to join the North
Atlantic Telegraph expedition, steam yacht Fox,
commanded by Captain Allen Young, hereby state
that we made the voyage with the Fox, and one or
the other of us took part in the land and sea expe-
-1 ditions respectively.
We concur in the opinion that it is practicable
to submerge on land telegraph cables at the places
selected on the Faroe Islands, and also to construct
a line overland there, and that in our opinion cables,
when landed, will remain undisturbed.
We have the same opinion in regard to the land-
ing and maintaining cables on the coast of Iceland,
and also that a line can be constructed across Ice-
land with all reasonable prospects of permanency.
As regards Greenland we give it our decided
opinion, based upon our own observations and re-
ce.ved information from the best authorities, that
cables can be safely laid from Greenland during
the autumn months, for instance, at the Igalliko
(Julianshaab) Fiord, where cables can be submerged
beyond the reach of icebergs.
London, Nov. 26, 1860.
ARNLJOTER OLAFSSON, Member of the
Icelandic Diet.
TH. VON ZEILAU, Royal Danish Army.

LORD BROUGHAM ON THE BRITI,SH

CONSTITUTION.

The distinguished Chancellor of Edinburgh Uni-
versity is, it will have been noticed, producing, or
rather reproducing, a work too little known upon
"The British Constitution, its History, Structure,
and Functions." The volume b?ars the following
dedication to her Majesty—the allusion in the con-
cluding passage being of course to the new patent,
of the Brougham peerage, bearing to be issued
" more especially in consideration of Lord Broug-
ham's public services in the diffusion of knowledge,
the spread of education, and abolition of the slave
trade and slavery, and to the two precedents fol-
lot.; ed in granting the remainder to other than the
twit heirs, being the cases of Lord St. Vincent and
Lord Nelson :

" To THE QUEEN.
" Madam,—l presume to lay at your Majesty's
feet a work, the result of many years' diligent
study, much calm reflection, and a long life's ex-
perience. It professes to record facts, institute
comparisons, draw conclusions, and expound
principles, often too little considered in this
country by those who enjoy the inestim-
able blessings of our political system ; and
little understood in other countries by those
who are endeavouring to naturalise it among them-
selves, and for whose success the wishes of all lutist
be more hearty than their hopes can be sanguine,
" The subject of the book, ' The British Coniiti
-
tution,' has a natural connection with your Majes-
ty's auspicious reign, which is not more adorned by
the domestic virtues of the Sovereign than by the
strictly constitutional exercise of her high office,
redounding to the security of the Crown, the true
glory of the Monarch, and the happiness of the people.
Entirely joining with • all my fellow-citizens in
feelings of gratitude towards such a ruler, I have
individually a deep sense of the kindness with
which your Majesty has graciously extended the
honours formerly bestowed, the reasons assigned
for that favour, and the precedents followed in
granting it.
" With these sentiments of humble attachment
and respect, I am, your Majesty's most faithful
subject and most dutiful servant,

" BROUOIIAII.

"Brougham Hall, Dec. 11, 1860."
-Scotsman.

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