The Sun.
London, England, 1867-08-21 00:00:00

Wilmington and Manchester Railroad Company of
N. C. Third Preferred First Mortgage Bonds, less
Government tax; also the coupons of the First
Mortgage Bonds of the Toledo, Logansport, and
Burlington Railroad Company, guaranteed by the
Columbus and Indianopolis Central Railroad Com-
pany.

_
The Farmers' Loan and Trust Company will pay
the coupon of the Evansville and Crawfordsville
Railroad ; Dabney, Morgan, and Co., the coupons,
in gold, of the Union Pacific Railroad Company,
Eastern Division ; the Importers' and Traders'
National Bank, N. Y., the coupons of the Mort-
gage Bonds of the Seaboard and Roanoke Rail-
road Company ; the American National Bank,
the coupons of the Marietta and Cincinnati
road ; the National Bank of Commerce, the coupons
of the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation
Company ; 13. Messenger and Co., the coupons of
the North Shore Railroad ; A. L. Pritchard, trea-
surer of the Chicago and North-Western Railroad
Company, the coupons of the Preferred Sinking
Fund Bonds, of the Consolidated Sinking Fund
Bonds, of the General First Mortage Bonds, of the
Appleton Extension Bonds, of the Green Bay
Bonds, and of the Galena and Chicago Union
Railroad Company's First Mortgage Bonds ; the
coupons of the Central Park, North and East River
Railroad Company, by the treasurer ; and the
coupons of the Crawford Coal Company by the
treasurer pro tern.-IVall-street Journal.

711 E GUNPOWDER PLOY AT MON7E

VIDEO.

The following narrative of a plot which has
created a profound sensation in the River Plate is
drawn up from official sources and the personal
knowledge of the writer :
On the 30th June a German, named Wilhelm

Haustoffer, called upon M. lionor6, the manager o
the Foreign Club in Monte Video, and informed him
that he had been asked by a countryman named Paul
Neumayer to assist him in driving a mine in con-
nexion with an engineering experiment, and offered
$2OO (about £4O) for one night's work, adding that
he would be glad to earn the money, but was afraid,
from the mystery and caution of Neumayer in
pledging him to secrecy, and yet not fully commu-
nicating the object of the work, that there was
something wrong about the matter. The work was
to be executed in a house in course of demolition for
rebuilding, situated at the back of the Government
House, commonly called the Fort. By M.
Honore's advice this communication was repeated
to the political chief (Col. Bustanaente), who imme-
diately took measures to ascertain what was going
on. In consequence of the information he received
the chief ordered a sufficient force to he placed
in the neighbourhood of the Fort, and, having Neu-
mayer pointed out to him in the theatre, he remained
there till the latter left, which he did at the time he
was to meet Haustoffer. Neumayer went direct to
the place of appointment, followed by Colonel
Bustamente, disguised with an old poncho and a
straw hat. On the chief giving a signal precon-
certed with the police, Ncumayer made an at-
tempt at fight, but was immediately surrounded,
captured, and taken to the Cabildo. The police
then entered the house indicated by Haustoffer,
where in a small cellar, newly constructed, they
found two barrels of gunpowder, three sacks, and a
Rumford's electric multiplier, in working order, and
capable, according to Mr. Oldham, of tbe Telegraph-
office, of igniting gunpowder at a distance of six
miles. These articles were taken to the head police-
office, and guards were placed in the house for the
night. Neumayer refused to give any information,
alleging that he had bought the house, and had the
right to use it for any experiments lie liked.
Next morning the Government ordered au in-
spection of the house and cellar by the Director-
General of Public Works, assisted by au eminent
builder. These gentlemen reported that there
existed sufficient proof of an intention to drive a
mine in one .direction, and that a hole had been
broken through the wall of the cellar in another
direction, probably for the same purpose. The
" mine" had by this time become the topic of every
conversation, and some English naval officers, who
had heard an exaggerated version of the story, had
their curiosity excited, and Mr. Havers, who for
the last two years has been Director of the Scien-
tific Inspection of Public Works, offered to ascer-
tain if there were any foundation for the alarm-
ing rumours in circulation. From a report sub-
quently drawn up by this gentleman, it appears
that he examined the cellar, and, being made
acquainted with the circumstances already narrated,
came to the conclusion that there must be other
operators, and that such persons must still be con-
cealed in the drains. Returning through the Fort,
Mr. llavers communicated his opinion to the Minis-
e
101. Bipasa suttr
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tdnsnilProvisional
himeFenatl
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os
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The
and
het hed sewer,carefully the streetsexa-
ai
cellarn
°objects found proved that the operators
placedet cleared,
were not ordinary labourers, and the
wall was found to lead into the apparent drain of
the house. Conceiving that the
conspirators were
either in the drain or the • main sewer, Mr. Havers
ordered a countermine to be sunk at the calculated
junction of the two, and, going
down himself,
ascertained that no one was in
that
section of the
main sewer, so far as it could be seen with a dark
lantern. He then entered the house drain, which
could only be done • creeping on accaunt of its
small dimensions ; and here he found a man, who
retreated through the hole in
the wall into the
cellar, followed by Mr. Havers. The
cellar being
guarded the man was at once captured, h •
having been
already sixteen hours in the
drains. Further inves-
tigations. followed, after which the
openings were
closed up,- guards set, and the search suspended.
The prisoner, who was its his
shirt
sleeves, and
evidently much exhausted, gave the
name of Louis
Neumayer, but refused to make any
statement until
he learned that Paul Neumayer (no
relation) was
in custody, when he commenced a confession.
Paul Neumayer also lost all his effrontery
on
learning that his co-labourer was in custody,
and denounced as his principal employer
Captain Don Eduardo Bertran, an officer who
accompanied General Flores during the revo-
lution, indicating as accomplices several friends of
Bertran, and declaring, by way of extenuation, that
they only intended to destroy General Flores him-
self. An immediate search was made for Bertran,
but he had already fled. his house and the office
at which he managed the commissariat business of
the Brazilian hospital were searched, but nothing
was found which threw any light on the conspiracy.
A timber , merchant in Monte Video stated that
he met him early on the morning of the Ist in
the suburbs, and that he asked the deponent not
to divulge having seen him. It was soon ascer-
tained, by means of the submarine telegraph, that
Bertran had gone to Buenos Ayres, and thence,
under an assumed name, to Rosario, en route for
Santa F. It also transpired that, although the
house had been bought in Neuma)er's name, Ber-
tran was surety for the payment of the purchase
money. Independent, therefore, of the confessions
of the prisoners, the strongest suspicion rests on
Bertran. General Suarez, Commandantes Man-
cini and Bergara, and Senores Torres and Marquez,
were arrested in the course of the evening of the
Ist, and placed in separate confinement.
On the 21 Mr. Havers resumed his investigation.
The pavement was taken up, the main sewer opened,
footsteps discovered in it, ascertained to be those of
Louis Neumayer, and 150 feet from the cellar an
opening was found towards the windows of the
saloon in which tho Councils of State are hell.
From this hole a mine bad been driven to within
six feet of the wall of this saloon, and in it were
found the tools used by the operator. It appears
from the report made by Mr. Havers to the Govern-
ment that, in six or seven hours, with the aid of
the other person expected to join in the work,
the mine could have been extended under the floor
and charged for the explosion. It was also proved
that the cellar was constructed expressly for the pur-
pose of concealing these operations, and that the
works carried on iu the house were merely a blind to

cover the proceedings of the conspirators. From in-
quiries made at the foreign consulates, it appears that
the prisoner Paul Neumayer was formerly a sub-
lieutenant in the Wurtemburg army, was
cashiered and handed over to the civil tribunals,
convicted of forgery, and condemned to five years'
penal servitude. lie offered his services to both sides
during the revolution in various projects for mining,
and for making Orsini bombs and detonating com-
pounds for the destruction of human life. Louis
Neumayer is said to have been mate of a slaver.
Nothing having transpired to show that the other
persons arrested had any hand in the iniquitous
project they have been set at liberty. The extra-
dition of Bertran wp.s demanded of the Argentine
Government and immediately conceded ; but
nothing further had been heard of him, and he is
supposed to have fled into Chili.

ON SHERMAYS TRAC'K.

By John H. Keunaway, M.A. Seeley, Jackson,
and Halliday, Fleet-street, London. 1867.
The author has wisely avoided any long introduc-
tory accounts and descriptions of travel so often
before handled, that his pen could scarcely be suc-
cessful in imparting to them any fresh interest. Like
Hepworth Dixon, he makes his starting point a cen-
tral town in the United States, indeed the central
town which one day will be the seat of Government
—St. Louis. The travelling party consisted of two
Oxford and two Cambridge men, our author (of the
former two) from Baliol College, Oxford. From St.
Louis, which they reached through Canada round
by Chicago, they were about to return east by the
populous cities, when unexpectedly they met Gene-
ral Sherman, who suggested the route through the
Southern States, celebrated as the scene of his own
destructive march. The English party had no idea
that the way was practicable, the railways being
'destroyed ; but they acted on the hint, and started
for Chattanooga, through Nashville, the capital of
Tennessee. As they passed over this great State
they crossed many a celebrated battle-field, react ing
at nightfall Chattanooga, one of the most fiereefy
contested positions, and Look-Out Mountain, the
scene of a great Confederate disaster. Chattanooga
may be taken as the spot where Sherman com-
menced his celebrated march. It was from that
town, with an overwhelming force, and with the
cautious and wary Johnston in his front, in the
spring of 1864, that he began the movement that
annihilated the Confederacy, and will always rank
among the most renowned military exploits. The
distance to Atlanta is 138 miles. Sherman's army
numbered 100,000 of the veteran soldiers of the
Union, and under Johnson the Confederate troops
did not exceed 40,000. The country was difficult;
the Confederate Commander au officer of consum-
mate tact. It was not therefore till the middle of
July that the Union army reached Atlanta. The
South, impatient at the steady advance of the
Federal force—at the successive abandonment of
position after position -- at the fatal moment
when the Northern General had the key of the
Confederacy in his front, removed Johnston and
placed Hood in command. The day of great
Southern victories had passed. There were no more
Bull's Runs to be achieved against veterans like
those commanded by Sherman and troops so skil-
fully handled, and it was vain to look for any
crushing defeats. Hood, though a good divisional
leader, was headstrong and rash. He took the
offensive—to discover his mistake by an experience
the Confederacy could ill afford. Ile detached his
cavalry to operate in Sherman's rear, and that
officer seizing the opportunity captured Atlanta.
With the fall of the great Southern arsenal fell the
last hope of the South of successfully resisting
Northern invasion. The Gate City being in his
possession, opened for Sherman on the one hand,
the way to the Gulf, and on the other to Charleston.
The control of the Southern railroads passed to him,
and he intercepted the supplies of Lee's army. The
shot, shell, and pistol manufactories, the railroad
machine shops, were all lost to the Confederate
cause. It was a worse blow than would have been
the fall of Richmond ; indeed it broke the Con-
federacy. Lee, on hearing the intelligence,
wrote to Davis that all hope of ultimate success
was at an end. Then arose the question—Ought
not the war to have terminated on the fall
of Atlanta, and the clearly-expressed opinion of
the General-in-Chief that the contest was hopeless
We feel certain that history will not exonerate Mr.
Davis from blame; but we are not so sure that the
cause of future peace has not been benefited by
administering to the South the terrible lesson that
followed when the walls of their Jericho began to
fall before the loud blasts of the North. In esti-
mating this question, we must not forget that the
future is mere conjecture—the past a horrible
reality. Sherman cut the Confederacy iii two, and
spread a devastation over the fair counties of
Georgia and South Carolina, which will be long re-
membered with the bitterest anguish as among the
vilest works of war. Thousands afterwards fell
before Richmond, and lives and property continued
to be recklessly sacrificed throughout the States
before the South was smitten into the dust, with a
prostration so great that it took months even
for them to realise their helplessness, which
becanalorlenid more apparent both to themselves and
the v e better the circumstances were
known. -What would have been the case had a
treaty been effected on the fall of Atlanta ? Al-
though
succumbed
m n
anoyftshuespoSeocuttecidoin none then fully knew the
Supposing the rebel States
exhaustion
had condition of re-entering the
Union with all their rights unimpaired, and the
abolition of slavery accepted through a gradual pro-
cess, the world would have remained under the im-
pression that, though. the South might be deso-
lated by the North, it could not be conquered.
Richmond would have opened its gates, and Lee's
army retired, the heroes of the war. Charleston
would have proudly raised its uneonquered head,
and the chivalry of North Carolina would have
loudly boasted that they were the first to raise the
palmetto flag, the lust to furl it, while it had waved
defiantly over their city in, spite of all the hostile
fleets the North could send. Who can say what
elements of future war would lie in such facts ? The
cup that Sherman held to Southern lips was the
most bitter draught that men could swallow. It
entailed on the present generation terrible miseries,
but he honestly believed, and we hold truly, that it
was the most merciful course in the end.
" Sherman entered Atlanta on the 2d of September—
within a week he issued an order that all citizens must
leavo the place, making their. choice between being trans-
ported North, or-to a place within the Rebel lines. RiE
sutsequent destruction of Atlanta must be his justifica-
tion for an exercise of power apparently so cruel. He
was revolving the scheme of the great march, and to
that everything had to bo subordinate. Ile feared that
Atlanta might again
become formidable in the hands of
the enemy, and he resolved to wipe it out., and to render
it incapable, when he turned his back upon it, for any
further mischief."
Four months had elapsed since Sherman left Chat-
tanooga before Atlanta fell, and there he remained
during the heated term till the 15th November.
The season then opened for the grand expedition
on which he had secretly determined. hood, who
had been manoeuvring before Atlanta, suddenly
made a detour, throwing himself on the line of
Sherman's communications.
This was a move-
ment not unlike that practised by
Napoleon when
the Allies were marching on Paris, and it met with
no better fate. Indeed it was exactly what
Sherman wanted. He telegraphed—" flood has
crossed the Tennessee. Tllollltl3 will take care of
him and Nashville ; Georgia and South Carolina
4
arc at my mercy, and I shall strike." The better
to deceive, lie followed Hood, as if in pursuit ; then
turning suddenly he rapidly retraced his steps to
Atlanta, which city he gave to the flames, and
launched his whole force in:.o the wilds of Gsorda.
For three weeks that great army was lost to the
world ; and if Europe and Northern America held
its breath in anxiety to know the result, what must
have been the agony of the Confederacy when
behind the smoke of the burning city it disappeared
from sight. On a broad track, extending sixty
miles, the destroying army trailed along. Be-
fore them the land was rich and prosperous—
behind, it was a charred or smoking desert. "The
foraging parties scattered over the country without
any order oilidiscipline," (thus writes the correspon-
dent of the New York Herald), " pounced like

harpies on the unfortunate inhabitants, stripping
them of provisions, jewels, and valuables. Boles
were burst open, clothes dragged about. The finest

silks carried off to adorn negro wenches ; pictures,
books, and furniture tossed about or torn in pieces.
In most instances they burned down houses to cover

depredations, and in some cases took the lives of
their victims, as they would not reveal concealed

.reasure." Sherman himself estimates that they

carried off 10,000 horses and mules, and countless
numbers of slaves, besides the consumption of

corn, fodder, cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry. " I
estimate," says that General, " the damage done to

the State of Georgia and its military resources at
$100,000,000 ; at least 20 millions of this was ruin
to our advantage, and the rest, simple waste and

destruction." It was not till the 15th September,
1861, that the leading columns of the destroying
army began to emerge from the interior and mass
their forces before the city of Savannah. There the
Confederates had retreated, flooding the surround-
ing rice fields, leaving the only approaches by five
narrow causeways, commanded by heavy ordnance.
One of Sherman's finest qualities as a general was
the care he took of the lives of his soldiers. He
never needlessly sacrificed them, and as Admiral

Dahlgren arrived almost immediately, he got into

communication with the fleet, waiting for this

co-operation, instead of recklessly attacking with
his troops. In conjunction, everything was

prepared by the 17th for the assault, when a
demand was made and declined for the sur-
render. But General Hardee knew that he could
not hold Savannah against the overwhelming force

both by sea and land now brought against it, and
on the night of the 20th December, leaving his fires
brightly burning, and while his artillery played on
the right, he pushed his troops through swamps
supposed to be impracticable by a pathway, aban-
doning the city to the enemy with 200 guns, maga-
zines, locomotives, steamboats, and 35,000 bales of
cotton. The energy of the North may be seen by
the promptitude with which Sherman's base of
operations was changed. Scarcely was he in Savan-
nah before a fleet was discharging vast stores of all
kinds, the obstacles having been removed which im-

peded the channel of the river ; and again Southern
cotton left Southern ports in vessels flying the
Stars and Stripes. After remaining a month in
Savannah, Sherman recommenced his destroying
march. He was now in South Carolina, the State
of all others the object of Northern vengeance, and
if his soldiers, as our author says, carried whips in
their march through Georgia—in their march
through the Carolinas they were armed with scor-
pions. Trailing along on an average breadth of 40
miles, they traversed the country from Savannah to
Goldsborough, consuming everything. " History,"
says one of the staff, " will be searched in vain for a
parallel to this scathing and destructive march."
Sherman reports, " the public enemy instead of
drawing supplies from that region to feed his armies
will be compelled to scud provisions from other
quarters to feed the inhabitants." Mr. Kennaway
says :--
" The advance was not an easy one. The floods of the
Savannah, the swamps of the Corubalee and Edisto, the
high hills and rocks of the Santee, the quagmires of tho
Pedee and Cape Fear Rivers had all to be passed in
mid-winter in the face of an accumulating enemy. Johnson
too was before long replaced in command, and Sherman
knew well that as long as he was in front of him any slip
would be fatal. Columbia was the first point made. The
beautiful capital of the Palmetta State, rich in mansions
and in public buildings, fell a prey to the flames, the kind-
ling of which is alike repudiated by both armies, each of
them seeking to lay the blame on the other. Perhaps the
conflagration may have boon accidental; it certainly was
most destructive, and produced an amount of suffering
frightful to contemplate."
Sherman struck inland, leaving Charleston and
Wilmington to his right, to destroy the lines of
road from which Lee derived a portion of his
supplies. He knew that with the back country
gone, the seaport towns would be helpless, and when
his force was gathered in rear of Charleston, Wil-
mington, and Richmond, he was an arrow in the
flank of the Confederacy; indeed he had searched
out and laid bare the weakness of his enemy. The
Confederacy had been pierced through and through,
and after a few more convulsive sobs and struggles,
the stricken nation fell helplessly at the conqueror's
feet. Sherman's march was arrested by the intel-
ligence of Lee's surrender on the 9th of April, when
General Johnston sought an interview with the
Northern commander, and a capitulation was
agreed on, which ended for ever the last hopes of
the Confederacy.
We have followed our author " On Sherman's
Track," the chief and most interesting subject
in his work, and in this we have reached our
limits. But Mr. Kennaway does not confine himself
to this subject alone. He writes copiously on the
social position, the feelings, and the prospects of
the negro in the South. He carries his readers to
Richmond and Washington. He discusses the pri-
sons of the South, and who is to blame for the suf-
ferings of Northern soldiers, and as a lawyer he
argues the case in a fair and dispassionate manner.
This subject will shortly be elucidated by a lengthy
report of a commission lately appointed by Con-
gress. When that report is before us we will be
able fully to discuss Mr. Keunaway's argument.
He writes fairly and without bias, and his book can
be read with pleasure by both Northerners and
Southerners. We looked for a more detailed ac-
count of Sherman's expedition, and the work would
have been of greater value had it been confined to
this subject, and more pains been taken, to follow
and describe more fully the whole line of country.
But the author travelled for his own instruction and
amusement, and the public have to thank him for a
well-written volume, descriptive of scenes which
but a short time since, absorbed the attention of the
world.—Angle-'lmerican Times.

THE PUBLIC HEALTH.

(Front the Registrar-Gencral's Return.)

fu the week that ended on Saturday, August 17,
the births registered in London and 12 other large
towns of the United Kingdom were 4,144 ; the
deaths registered, 2,862. The annual rate of mor-
tality was 20 per 1,000 persons living.
In London the births of 1,017 boys and 980
girls, in all 1,997 children, were registered in the
week. In the corresponding weeks of the ten years
1857-66 the average number, corrected for increase
of population, is 1,954.
The deaths registered in London during the week
were 1,391. It was the 33d week of the year, and
the averags number of deaths for that week is, with
a correction for increase of population, 1,337. The
deaths in the present return exceed by 54 the esti-
mated number.

The great and almost tropical heat which pre-
vailed in the early part of last week has not as yet
increased the mortality of the metropolis to any
large extent. It is of the utmost importance now

that there should be a plentiful supply of pure
water in every house, and that the streets, courts,
and alleys of this great city should be kept perfectly
clean. Some of the towns of Europe are suffering terri-
bly from the ravages of cholera, and it is only by con-
stant and unremitting attentiot to the purity of the
water supply, by the early treatment of diarrhoea,
and by sanitary measures, that a recurrence of the
calamity iu this country can be avoided.
The deaths of 181 children and 19 adults from

diarrhcea were registered last week. -Twenty-nine
cases occurred in the west, 37 in the north, 27 in
the central, 56 in the cast, and 51 in the south dis-
tricts. Eleven children and four adults died from
cholera or choleraic diarrhcea. Thirty-five deaths
occurred from scarlatina, 16 from typhus, 37 from
apoplexy, and 57 from diseases of the heart.
In the 'corresponding week of last year (1866) the
deaths from diarrlicea were 191, and from cholera 455.
The wife of a bricklayer, aged 56 years, died on
August 6, ti.t.St. Mary's Hospital, of congestion of
lthigs, accelerated by the suffocative atmosphere of
the Underground Railway. Post mortem. (In-
Quest.) Proper steps should be taken for opening
and ventilating the tunnels, which are necessarily
charged with noxious gases.
Kensington ; Brompton.—At 15, Wallgrave-
road, on August 10, the son of a labourer, aged 11
months, iufantine cholera (30 hours). Westmin-
ster ; St. John.—At 116, llorseferry-road, on
August 13, the daughter of a hosier, aged two years,
choleraic diarrhoea (14 hours). St. Martin-in-the-
Fields ; Charing-cross.—At 25, Whitcvinbltreet,