The Sun.
London, England, 1867-02-15 00:00:00

The Industrial Dwellings Movement.

Yesterday the half-yearly meeting of the company,
of which Mr. Alderman Waterlow is chairman, and
the object of which is the erection from time to
time, wherever suitable sites can be procured in the
metropolis, of blocks or ranges of comfortable and
commodious dwellings, and at easy rents, for arti-
sans and other working men, was held at the Man-
sion-house. There was a very numerous attendance,
the enterprise having from the first been popular,
and now still more than ever, both on philanthropic
grounds and as a safe and profitable investment for
capital. Mr. Alderman Waterlow occupied the

chair, and there were present, among others, Mr.
Goschen, M.P., Mr. Russell Gurney, M.P., Re-
corder of London, Sir Charles Fox, Mr. George
Moore, Mr. Samuel Morley, Mr. Alderman Fiunis,
Mr. Alterman Stone, Mr. Bodkin, the Assistant-
Judge, the Hon. Auberon Herbert, Mr. Walter
Morrison, M.P., Mr. Henry Edwards, Mr. John
'Johns, Mr. Travers Buxton, Mr. Hare, and Major
Menara. The report of the directors stated that
the nominal capital of the company had been in-
creased to £250,000, and that £22,000 had been

allotted since the previous meeting. The buildings
had not been increased, butsix blocks containingl6B
tenements were about to be begun at Bagnigge-
wells. Arrangements fur the acquisition of addi-
tional sites. were being pressed forward, and the
directors were willing to treat with owners of lands
in populous neighbourhoods. No advance upon
loan from Public Works Commissioners had yet
been obtained, but it was expected that on the com-
pletion of arrangements by the Lards of the Trea-
sury the company's capital would be supplemented
by loans upon mortgage of its present building to
the extent of £60,000. The greater part of the
tenements at Palmerston buildings were not com-
pleted and ready for habitation until September
last, and the whole of the paid-up capital had not
been concerned in earning the revenue of the half-
year ; but it was recommended that the usual divi-
dend at the rate of 5 per cent. should be paid out of
the balance of £1,440 standing to the credit of the
revenue account on closing the books. The direc-
tors had to congratulate themselves and the com-
pany upon the fact that Mr. Bodkin, the Assistant-
Judge ; Mr. C. J. Freake, of South Kensington ;
and Mr. Goschen, M.P., had joined their board, and
recommended the retiring directors, Mr. Alderman
Finnis, Mr. George Moore, and Mr. Alderman
Stone, for re-election, and also the honorary
auditor, Mr. William Turquand. The directors
express their emphatic conviction that the work in
which the company is engaged is a feasible
method of dealing with the evils arising from over-
crowded and unhealthy dwellings, and increasing
experience induces them to strongly reiterate the
statements they made in the prospectu3, in which
they recommended the enterprise to the notice of
the public—" not merely on the ground of its useful-
ness, but also on account of its being a safe and
profitable investment." They point out that " in a
crowded metropolis such as this good substantial
houses for the use of the most numerous class of its
inhabitants must always be in demand," and, mere-
over, the funds of the company are invested upon
securities not subject to depreciation ; and its ope-
rations are so simple in their nature that without
tLe necessity of scientific or skilled knowledge the
shareholders can easily estimate the efficiency with
which their affairs are conducted. The chairman, in
moving the adoption of the report, stated that such
was the confidence inspired by the company that
an appeal to the public for additional capital to carry
out its important objects still further had resulted in
the receipt of £lB,OOO up to Christmas, and in nearly
£6,000 more since that time. Much of that would
be absorbed in the erection of six new blocks in Bag-
nigge-wells, about to be commenced, at an estimated
cost of about £20,000. The company were about to
erect two blocks at Greenwich, which would cost
about £5,000. He wanted the public to know that the
company could go still faster, but that they must
have the capital if they are to do the work well. He
had the fullest confidence that the present Adminis-
tration would eventually carry out Mr. Childers's
Act, empowering the Government to lend money at
an easy rate of interest for the erection of dwellings
such as those built or. contemplated by this com-
pany ; but the difficulty was to get the Government
to move fast enough. He referred to the difficulty
of finding suitable sites, and to the obStacles thrown
in the way of the company, after they had arranged
with the freeholder, by small under-tenants, who
asked fabulous prices for their little ricketty tene-
ments, and he looked forwearindvestotetdhwe
itthimceomwphulen-
sory powers, such as belongtoofratilhwaatykind. companies,The
for dealing with obstructions
motion for adopting the report was seconded by Mr.
Henry Edwards, the deputy chairman. Mr. Samuel
Morley expressed the growing conviction at which
they had arrived that the object they had in view of
erecting suitable buildings for the 'working classes,
and which they had already carried out, so far as
they had gone, with unvarying success and satisfac-
tion, was eventually attainable on a very large scale,
and that it afforded a safe investment for capital and
at a good interest. lie began by investing £2,000
in the undertaking, and that he had lately increased
at o
w£os,rkoooof.
thiaitekhi
naidi
.no fThaeitl in G
application
pplicaotvioenrnanLeduetsbdyoitiblge
company in August last for a loan under Mr. Chil-
ders's Act had never yet received a definite reply.
That was the way huw not to do it." Ile felt con-
vinced that capitalists might invest money in the
undertaking of the company with the certainty of a
fair return.

The report and accompanying statement of ac-
counts were then adopted. The chairman stated, in
reply to Mr. ltivington, that the lowest rent for two
rooms in any of their blocks was 4s. 6d. a week.
Mr. Goschen, M.P., moved a rosolution authorising
the payment of a dividend at the rate of 5 per cent.
for the half-year ending December last on the paid-
up capital of the company. He had joined the com-

pang, he said, not because he thought any assistance
,that he could render would lie valuable, knowing
well that the interests of the shareholders would Le
well cared for by Mr. Alderman Waterlow and tie
rest of the directors, but because the company was
not only a private but a great public interest ; and
the more people were satisfied that the scheme would
pay commercially and that it admitted of great ex-
pansion, the more easily would they solve the great
problem of how their labourers were to be accom-
modated in London. After three years' experience
the company paid 5 per cent., and that interest had
from the beginning been scrupulously paid out of
revenue alone. Ile had gone careful), over the ac-
counts, and found them most satisfactory. Ile had
no doubt that the company would advance from 5
to 6 per cent., and possibly a fraction beyond that,
and still leave a considerable margin. They ex-
pected to obtain a loan of /50,000 or £60,000 from
the Government on easy terms, and the effect of
that would be to increase the dividend payable among
the shareholders very considerably. Mr. Goschen
then gave a graphic account of the contrast in com-
fort and in every other respect presented by the
Stanley block of buildings erected by the company
at King's-cross to the wretched dwellings occupied
by the poorer classes in the surrounding neighbour-
hood as he had witnessed himself. He trusted that
a larger amount of capital would be attracted, so
that the good work might be carried on. The re-
solution was seconded by Mr. Bodkin, the Assistant-
Judge, and carried unanimously. On the motion
of Mr. Russell Gurney, Mr. Alderman Finnis, Mr.
George Moore, and Mr. Alderman Stone, the re-
tiring directors of the company, were re-elected.
The meeting was also addressed by Sir Charles
Fox, Mr. Alderman Finnis, the Hon. Mr. Hobart,
Mr. Walter Morrison, M.P., Mr. V. Foster, and
Mr. A. J. Williams, and a very cordial vote of
thanks was passed to the chairman, directors, and
officers in recognition of their services.

Royal College of Surgeons of Eng-and.

The Hunterian Oration, now biennially delivered
in the large and commodious theatre of the above
institution, was yesterday given by Professor Hil-
ton, F.R.S., the senior vice-president of the college,
before an unusually large number of the elite of the
learned professions, that of the surgical of course
predominating. The orator commenced by stating
that one of the signs by which the intellectual pro-
gress of nations might be measured was to be found in
their just appreciation of those of their countrymen,
past and present, who had given evidence of unusual
mental endowmnent. It had, however, commonly
happened that a new line of thought, or the opening
up of a new track of mental or philosophical inquiry,
had escaped the attention, or even excited the op-
position of contemporary thinkers, seemingly becanse
their minds were preoccupied in the elaboration of

ideas antecedently suggested. Ile then proceeded
to inquire into the reason why the appreciation of
philosophical knowledge should have been so promi-
nent a feature of one age, and so utterly lost sight
of in another, and added that necessarily the 4:ea
of strife could not nurture philosophy, inter Fielta
cedunt arses, furnished the one prominent cause for
the indifference to mental culture in many epochs of
the world's history, but careful consideration would
elicit causes other than those of the sword and the
battle-field for the different capacity necessary to
the intellectual appreciation of contemporary labour
at different periods of tine. He then took a rapid
but analytical review of the great men who flourished
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and how
greatly their merits were appreciated in comparison
with those of the present day, and instanced Hun-
ter, as a marked illustration of this defective esti-
mation by contemporaries. Two succeding genera-
tions had, however, done much to atone for the in-
difference of his own, and added that it would ba
difficult to find another instance in which so large a
meed of posthutnous fame has been, as it were, ex-
tracted from the dry bones which had been be-
queathed, although the minds of the prafecsional
men of his day appeared to have failed in measuring
the extent and depth of the great truths which he

had enunciated, or in appreciating the value of those
which he was then elaborating. The progressive
knowledge of several succeeding years app3ared to
have been necessary to evoke the earliest public at-
tempt to establish the true relation which his mar-
vellous labours bore to the development of science.
The period of Hunter's most zealous labours—the

latter portion of the eighteenth century—was
marked by the limited application of mental ac-
tivity to the cultivation of science. The mind of
the nation appeared solely directed to the
cultivation of the high statesmanship requi-
site to contend with the grave and startling
political events of the European and the American
continents. Hunter was at this period labouring
patiently and perseveringly, but alone, with a saga-
cious and primitive simplicity. He was reading
nature's facts, as exhibited in the organised world,
with a zeal unexampled, au industry scarcely ever
surpassed, questioning her in her own language,
and, slowly understanding her tardy, and, often-
times to him, obscure responses. Mr. Hilton then
entered into the early history of Hunter, his
struggles, &c., until the latter were surmounted, and
he appeared the accomplished surgeon ; and added
that a re-perusal of Hunter's works excited his
amazement at the extent to which our surgery of the
present day was guided by his comprehensive teach-
ings. The learned orator then occupied some time
in reviewing the great works-of Hunter, with which
the profession is now so well acquainted, and stated
that the museum of the College of Surgeons con-
tained 10,000 preparations, the work of his own
hands, a striking instance how fascinated he was in
the pursuit of nature. After alluding to the want
of public recognition of the merits of our great sur-
geons,Afr.
wasHiltonmcaotntcelr of udedsmbyall stating
account, t
thathatpoplualckar
appreciation
of interest in our labours by professional contem-
porariesbheoasre,stthwatortfe cor,nmdietmhonuotrttlamingn
• to obtain an accurate knowledge of the value
pains apsrahiasredt htoe
of his discoveries, was still harder ; that Hunter had
with
faint
to endure all this, and right manfully he bore it all,
was
from his innerconviction that, letthe world say what
it would, no dogmatism, no vague denial, no sneer,
could make any impression on his proved facts.
Above all, his conscious love of truth, for truth's
own sake, produced in Hunter only the high-
minded indifference of the philosopher to the
petty assaults of ignorance. Mr. Hilton advised his
hearers not to strive for the brittle fame of the
meteor dazzling only for a short time, to bo ex-
tinguished for ever.

DANGERS OF " CHIGNONS."—We should be sorry
to say anything that would unnecessarily disturb the
peace of ladies in their compliance with the present re-
markable fashion of wearing chignons. The custom may
seem very irrational to the male half of mankind, but this
objection would apply to many of the fashions by which
ladies consider that they adorn themselves, and so must
not count for much. A more serious objection, and ono
more calculated to have weight with English ladies, has'
been started, according to a correspondent of our own, by
a Russian professor, M. Lindemann. According to this
authority, 76 per cent. of the false hair used for chignons
and similar purposes in Russia is infested with a parasite
to which he has given the name of gregarine. The grega-
rinous hair, it is said, is very like other hair in appearance,
but on close inspection little dark-brown knots are seen at
the free end of the hair, and may even be distinguished
by the naked eye. These are grogarines. These parasites
have a most ignoble ancestry and habitation, being found
in the interior of the pediculus capitis. It is only duo to
them, however, that these statements should be verified
by other observers before we give all the particulars of
their natural history. They aro not easily destroyel. They
resist the effects of drying, and even of boiling. Acids,
alkalies, ether, and other agents would kill thorn ; buttlieso
would be injurious to the hair, and so canna bo used.
According to the authority quoted, in the conditions of a
ballroom the gregarines "revive, grow, and b
dividing into many parts—so-called germ-globuiesi t
on
theese
fly about the ballroom in millions, get inhaled, drop
refreshments— in fact, enter the interior of people d
hun-
dreds of ways, and thus reach their specific
vnaelfoujr)al history;ment." W
but o d o
when
notrttnbsoa natural
foorlthhei. grogarian 4.7
truth off
all this
elugnons
themselves is considered,
the hair of them is supplied by
dtheinpeosoarend the Durlakes
it may well be allrtrupeeo.pllen,Reusspseia-
cially peasant women of the Meotr
near the
glrooelsgoNu twthoowdoorka ml'argthe srawdriengi,nhieLper;2lWpshepunt.tshae
returnsclean
en
in autumn."
decidedlythuernn.” y e
I;
y, neverpa titiaekpersoifte
soi)lfrteilianalvrtpzieloutssiehies:o-
-
ladiesxe t haawnneocieunlf ado trduper ataerlrissitnistl . cannot so cer-
bshuielbrei subject
st
Owfaittihille fashion—which it does not require a micro-
n affecting ladies in a matter. of fashion..
tsacßuiontploiysft'a.teloclkfsioudn-se-u°b things, one of the most objectionable is falb•
Lancet.

LONDON, FRIDAY, FEB. 15, 1867.

The Speech of the EMPEROR, on the occasion of
the opening of the French Legislature, is always one
of the most noticeable events of the political year,
and, as-it might be expected, the one of this session
is neither deficient in interest nor excitement. So
many events have occurred since this ceremony took
place last year that it was only natural people should
wonder how this difficulty would be got over in the
EurEitous' Speech, or that dilemma satisfactorily
explained. On the whole we may say, confidently,
that the EMPEROR has extricated himself with his
usual dexterity from the suareA and pitfalls which
were around him, and despite of failures abroad
and distress at home, despite also of the irritation
experienced by many influential Frenchmen and a
large portion of the population at the course of in-
action pursued by their Government, this master of
politics has contrived to make out that France has
only abstained from entering into the stormy arena
of war to suit her own purpose, and that even thus
she has not been disregarded or is treated with
contempt. In the first place, the EMPEROR. falls
back upon his old doctrine of fatality to explain
the startling and sudden changes that have taken
place in Germany; and hence he illustrates that
they have realised the predictions of the First
NAPOLEON at St. Helena, when he said that, sooner
or later, by the force of circumstances, the agglo-
meration and Concentration of the same nations

must take place; adding that, after his fall, and the
disappearance of his system, there could be no other
great adjustment possible but the confederation of
great nations. The present EMPEROR thinks, then,
recent events in Italy and Germany have paved the
way for the realisation of this "vast programme of
the union of the European States in one single con-
federation." How far this may hereafter prove to
be correct or not it is as yet impossible to deter-
mine altogether, but so far as circumstances have
hitherto taken place it seems as if there was some
truth in the prediction. Certainly the changes
and alterations that have been going on of late in
natims of the Continent bear out partly, at any
rate, the notion of old things passing away, and of
the introduction of special forces and changed rela-
tions ; but the real question at issue is how far
these works are being done in a right spirit.

We do not believe that the Prussian Government
are sincere in their profession about the fulfilment
of the great plan of unity, but perhaps it is not

to be wondered at that the French EMPEROR
should be more sanguine in his expectations as to
the result, since the present Prussian policy is all
that meets the approval of the French in its
fundamental principles, and promises to fulfil some
of their old ideas of national regeneration, and other
similar schemes. The Emperor NAPOLEON appears
to be quite satisfied at the part he played
in the recent struggle, and declaring most
emphatically that " they have been impartial wit-
nesses of the struggle which has been waged on the
other side of the Rhine," and yet so strong was the
power of France that she had influence enough to
arrest the conqueror at the gates of Vienna. Al-
though some may think that is merely the bom-
bastic utterance that may look well in a discourse,
it contains, nevertheless, a good deal of truth in it ;
and we make no doubt that, had not the influence
alluded to by the EMPEROR been exerted, the Aus-
trians would have fared far worse. The French
may also congratulate themselves that they have
been mainly instrumentalin effecting the great work
of the completion of Italian independence.
The Mexican Expedition was the bete noire of
this Speech, and it was speedily disposed of in a
few sentences, which did not betray any symptoms
of hesitation or useless regret. The idea was an
elevated one which inspired him and his people
to undertake the task, but an untoward concurrence
of circumstances made it advisable to extinguish
the scheme in question. Neither does the East
seem to offer any likelihood of disturbing the
serene state of things upon which the EMPEROR
holds so much self-complacency, and such
happy anticipations for himself and his people.
Rome even does not daunt the courage of this de-
termined politician; and the French, he informs his
bearers, have faithfully executed the Convention of
the Fifteenth of September. He does not see any
danger which is likely to accrue to the Government
of the Holy Father in this new phase into which it
has entered, but considers it will be maintained by
its own strength and the veneration which is felt by
all. The Convention between France and England
is all that can be desired, and it becomes " daily
more intimate by the similarity of our policy, and
the multiplicity of our commercial relations." All
the other Powers of Europe are in a state of com-
plete amity and good understanding.
We now come to tho most interesting part of the
discourse, so far as French sympathies are con-
cerned, and the EMPEROR seems to surpass himself
in the zeal with which he enters upon the
consideration of the changes which he has
deemed it advisable to make in French Insti-
tutions. " Assured of the present, confident
of the future," he thinks that the hour has
arrived when he may fulfil the dearly-cherished
expectations of his people, and to inaugurate those
changes which have been so long and so anxiously
looked for. lie thanks the Senators and Deputies
for their confidence in leaving to him the direction
of the right moment at which to introduce these
changes, and also for their good faith in waiting for
their fulfilment. Their profound devotion to the
institutions of the Empire has determined him to
adopt the " liberal measures which lay in the minds
of the Senate, and to meet the aspirations of the
Corps Legislatif."

The influence of a nation depends, says the EM-
PEROR, upon the number of men it is able to pay
under arms, and neighbouring States impose upon
themselves heavier burdens than any which the
French are called upon to make ; and hence an ear-
nest hope is expressed that there will be no objec-
tions raised to the bill about to be laid before the

House on the subject of the organisation of the
army. Particular stress seems laid upon this
by the EMPEROR, and, no doubt, many will
draw their own conclusion from it and the energy
with which the attention is called to it. " The
conditions of war being changed require the in-
crease of our defensive forces, and we must organise
ourselves in such a manner as to be invulnerable."
Such are significant expressions at the present time
it cannot be denied, and Prussia will, no doubt,
interpret them as such. The concluding words of
this remarkable Speech are very much to be ad-
mired, and it is especially worthy f
notice that the EMPEROR says that " Hitherto
in France liberty has only been. ephemeral.',
He now trusts, however, that ho and his Parlia-
ment may be enabled to make a broader applica-
tion of great principles, and to increase thus the
glory and greatness of France. Ile invites them
to march with him with a firm step in the " path
of civilisation," and that their progress there may
be a safe and a satisfactory one, will be the ardent
desire of all the disinterested nations of Europe.

It was naturally to be expected that in both

Houses of Parliament Ministers should be called
upon last evening to give what information they
could furnish respecting the latest development of
Fenianism. The alarm excited among the sober
citizens of Chester had scarcely subsided when news
arrived of fresh disturbances of a more serious
nature in Ireland. In reply to the inquiries made
by the Marquis of CLANRICARDE last evening in the
Upper House, Lord DERBY stated that the infor-
mation which the Government possessed was meagre
and unsatisfactory, having been received by telegram,
but professed his readiness to communicate whatever
he knew. It seems from the accounts given to the Lords
by the noble earl, and to the Commons by Mr. WAL-
POLE, that the telegraphic wire between lI alow,
Killarney, and Valet, tia, were cut on Wednesday
afternoon, but that they were subsequently repaired,
and watched by a patrolling guard. At 11 o'clock
on Wednesday night came the news of an attack
upon the coastguard station near Cahirciveen, and
of a mounted policeman, with despatches, being shot
at and robbed of his arms and his horse. It was
further stated that the mob were marching upon the
town of Killarney, which is about 40 miles distant
from Cahirciveen. Upon receipt of this alarming
intelligence orders were immediately telegraphed
for the movement of troops by express trains from
Cork, Tralee, and the Curragh, for the protection of
Killarney. The arrival of these troops naturally
gave great relief to the inhabitants of the to ivn,
-who had previously been under great apprehensions,
owing to their defenceless state. The authorities
have succeeded in arresting °lle of the supposed
Fenian chiefs, who was proceeding t) take the lead

THE SUN,'

of the insurgents, with strongly crime mating papers
—a piece of indiscretion of which Fenian it would
ma
seem, are often guilty. Under these circulqtan ces
Lord NAAS thought it advisable to proceed at ()lisle
to Ireland, which he did yesterday raornang, a
movement which will no doubt greatly facilitate
the speedy repression of the disturbances.
Lord DERBY, it is satisfactory to find, had no
reason to believe that the outbreak is more tholl
local, though directions have been given for increased'

vigilance in every direction. It is encouraging to
know that there has as yet been no outbreak in any
other part of the country, neither has any sympathy
been shown for the proceedings of the in_urgents.
As we hear the inhabitants of the towns manifested
great uneasiness, and there seems to be no disposition
to favour the malcontents. We trust that Lord
DERBY'S anticipations of a speedy repression of the
outbreak will be realised, and that these mischievous
conspirators may before long reap the reward of
their reckless and dangerous folly.

It was only to be expected that the House of Re-
presentatives would carry the Nebraska Bill over
the PRESIDENT'S veto, and accordingly the intelli-
gence to that effect, transmitted by the cable, will
not take any one by surprise. The Radical party,
with their customary inconsistency, are admitting
as States districts with no more population than an
English town, while they are excluding provinces of
the size of all England. Colorado, numbering no
more inhabitants than Carlisle or Chester, is to
send two Senators to the Upper House, while the
Carolinas, Georgia, Virginia, and all their
neighbours, are to be left totally unrepresented.
The PRESIDENT could hardly have been expected to
sanction such flagrant inconsistency even without,
the negro suffrage condition, to which he justly took
exception. It is quite possible, however, that the
very extravagance of the Radical policy may end
in defeating itself. The Tariff Bill has just passed
through the Senate after au excited session of 15
hours. The numerous amendments made to the
bill as it left the Lower House have nearly all greatly
increased the import duties, which were already
heavy enough as the bill originally stood. As the
Senate has improved it they are almost prohibitory
in some instances standing at 250 per cent. An
attempt was made to reduce the duty on coffee, tea,
and sugar, and also to place on the free list books
printed in foreign languages, and books, maps, &c.,
published previous to 1840, but all such efforts were
fruitless. The Protectionists carried everything
before them, to the serious damage of American
trade and commerce, and to the intense mortifica-
tion of the Western representatives. It is this
significant fact that augurs ill for the Radicals, since
one of the Western members expressed the truth
when he said " the West did not want that tariff,
and would not remain quiet under it." Not content
with their victory, the Protectionists have arranged
that the bill shall become law at once instead of wait-
ing until April as at first arranged, and the Western
men are unable to cope with the New England
interest. It is evident, then, that the Eastern mem-
bers, by their greed, are offering the Western party,
who will suffer heavily by this tariff, a strong in-
ducement to favour the re-admission of the South
to Congress, because they now realise the fact that
the national assembly, as at present constituted,
is no representation at all. It is an irrespon-
sible body, whose acts have no reference to
the prevailing interests of the general public,
and so far from reflecting the various
sections of opinion and feeling which must
exist in every large body politic, it is composed only
of one narrow and intolerant faction, which ap-
pears incapable of enlightened legislation or of the
smallest exercise of that forbearance and conciliation
demanded from all rulers and legislators.
It is reported that the PRESIDENT and his friends
are preparing a new scheme of reconstruction,
which will admit the South to representation with-
out giving them too much weight in the adminis-
tration. It is designed to meet the views of the
large middle party, and is said to be intended for
the Conservative platform at the next election. The
Radicals are in a very awkward position with re-
gard to this important question, as STEVENS'S
elaborately prepared scheme has failed, and Asu -
LEY'S intolerant effort has been equally unsuccess-
ful. The facts are against them, whatever their
ingenious excuses of leaving the Southern States
in a condition of destitution and misery which is
absolutely appalling.