The Sun.
London, England, 1867-07-11 00:00:00

Commence at Seven.

rifIIIEATRE ROYAL ADELPIII.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING. a new Musical Drama. A.
GKIBALDI
IN SICILY. Miss Roden, Miss Yitt ; Messrs. R.
Philli; s, J. G. Taylor, and Ashley.
Alter which, at 8, THE LA DY OF LYONS, M. Bars. H.
Neville, Billington. Ashley, Steuart, and C. H. Ste;llenson ;
Miss Kate Terry, Mrs. St. Henry, and Mrs. Billington.
To conclude with A SLICE OF LUCK. Massrs J.
Clarke, J. G. Tay'or, C. A. Stephenson, C. J. Smith ; Miss
A. Seaman and Miss E. Pitt.

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
New Management.
Sole Lessee, Mr. B. Webster; Manager, Mr. H. Wigan.
TIIIi EVENING, BETTY MARTIN. Mr. G. Vincent
and Miss E. Farren.
Atter which, THE LIAR. Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Mathews.
Followed by WOODCOCK'S LITTLE GAME. Mr. and
Mrs. Charles Mathews ; Mrs. Frank Matthews.
To conclude with OLYMPIC GAMES. Messrs. H. J.
Moutawue, G. Vincent. D. Murray; Mesdames E. Warren, G.
Moore, Sheridan, Barris, N. Harris, St. Henry, and Roselle.
Doora open at half-past Six; commence at Seven.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
fins DAY.—Morning, 9h. 33m.—Afternoon. 10h. 542.
To-Monaow.-Morning, 10h. 40m.—Afternoon, 1111.

z...„ 4,7
L*Th' $l3- %UAL

LONDON, THURSDAY, JULYII, 1867.

Having so far completed their labours with re-
snect to the momentous question of Parliamentary
Reform, the members of the Lower House have
reason to turn their attention to other subjects not
less important, if less immediately pleasing. Fore-
most among these comes the great problem of the
education of the people, a problem whose satis-
factory solution has perplexed our wisest social
philosophers, baffled our philanthropists, and
effectually puzzled our statesmen. It is ad-
mitted on all hands that the people should be
educated. The days have, happily, altogether
gone by when men of good position and
intelligence themselves were not ashamed to
declare that it was unnecessary and undesirable for
working men and women to know how to read and
write. If there are such prejudices lingering in a
few obsolete quarters, those who hold them do not
venture to urge them before the public. Experience
has effectually proved that the real danger of riots,
disaffection, and disturbance, arises from the igno-
rance of the mob, and their consequent blind ad-
herence to their chosen leaders, however rash or
reckless in their theories or practices. Men
of standing in these days are more sensible
of their responsibilities towards their poorer
fellows than were their predecessors, and on every
ground of reason, of right, and of common justice
the claims of the children of the poor to a sound,
plain English education are universally admitted.
Without it they cannot be good citizens or good
subjects, and their obedience to the laws of GOD
and man will be rather the effect of custom than of
conviction. But when all parties have agreed on
the necessity and desirability of this general educa-
tion there remain very great obstacles in the way
of its diffusion. What with the indifference of
parents, their poverty, or their absence from home
at work, the natural inclination of children to play
truant if they have a chance, and the great demand
for youthful labour, the education of the poor has

little chance. We have not schools enough to sup-
ply the theoretical wants of the population when
statisticians sit down to reckon their figures, but
unfortunately we have more than are practically
filled by scholars. It has therefore been suggested
—and in many quarters the scheme has met
with great favour—that it should be compul-
sory upon parents to give their children the rudi-
ments of education as it is in some other countries

—Prussia, for example—where the general stan-
dard of education is higher than our own among
the masses. Such a method is contrary to our
usual principles of Government. We are averse to
anything like interference with parental rights or
private matters, and the idea of legislative inter-
meddling with the control of a family is not at
all congenial. At the same time it must be remem-
bered that, under the existing system, hundreds and

thousands of children are growing up absolutely
untaught, and that wicked or ignorant parents
are thus allowed to inflict a life-long injury upon
their children. The law restrains them from
crippling their limbs or hurting their bodies, but
it does not prevent them from diminishing their
mental powers and enjoyments throughout all their
lives.

It should also be considered that those
parents who neglect to give their children any op-
portunity of learning from others are the very
ones who are least able or likely to teach them
themselves. The indifference of parents is, in fact,
the great obstacle to a wider extension of educa-
tion. Every one who has taken any trouble to
inquire into the subject must have arrived at this
conclusion, and the statistics furnished to the House
amply confirm it. The Education Aid Society of
Manchester issued more than 27,000 grants to
enable the children of poor people to go to school,
and only 45 per cent. of the number profited by
their assistance. Every similar experiment has
produced similar results, and here lies the real diffi-
culty of the question, not in denominational differ-
ences, not in the manner of teaching, not in the cost
of the school. How is it to be met ? It destroys half
the good to be reaped from the promised extension of
the Factory Acts if the children are not to gain
mentally and morally as well as physically. Their
bodies indeed will rest, but their minds will run
riot. Mr. BRUCE'S measure, which last night occu-
pied the attention of the House of Commons, failed

to meet this difficulty. It provided for the main-
tenance of schools by a rating system, but the
great puzzle is that our schools are not filled. Can
Mr. BnucE tell us of cases in which parents have
said, " I should like my children to go to school, and
am willing to pay for them, but no school near us
take them in—they are all full." If such complaints
were common and well grounded, and if voluntary
effort and assistance were lacking to supply the
want, there would be good reason for talking about
the rating system. But so long as there are schools
and teachers waiting to instruct children who will
not come, we must find some other means of curing
the acknowledged evil. Voluntary work is gene-
rally better done than that of mere routine,
and we apprehend the cause of education
would lose in the long run by the substitu-
tion of the rating for the voluntary system.
There would be the danger, too, which the Ameri-
cans tried unsuccessfully to avoid—that of making
popular education altogether secular. This would
be bad in any rank, but it would be especially so
among classes where the bulk of all instruction,
religious as well as secular, must be had at school.
Mr. BRCCE, indeed, disclaims any notion of inter-
fering with the denominational schools now in
existence, bat experience has proved that the rat-
ing system is necessarily fatal to them. It re-
mains to be considered whether the difficulties
of the case cannot be better met under

the existing method, and we hope that a careful and
impartial survey of the whole question will assist
our legislators in arriving at this conclusion. Much
might be done by the employers of labour refusing
to employ children or young persons who cannot
read and write. The hope of a good situation is a
powerful stimulus to adults as well as to infant
education. It would be a good thing if a clause
could be inserted in the new Factory Acts, stipu-
lating that no child should be employed in a fac-
tory that could not read and write. The parents
in our large manufacturing towns would then be so
eager to get their children taught as now they are
indilerent. Again, in all public works the men
might be made to send their children to school as a
condition of their employment. By all these means
and others of similar nature we might greatly in-
crease the number taught, but there will still re-
main a lower stratum of ignorance and degrada-
tion which we apprehend can only be reached by
earnest and unwearying voluntary effort.

The sad fate of INIAximILLLN still continues to
engross a large share of attention ; and sympathy
for the afflicted family and friends of the unfortu-
nate Emperor mingle with natural feelings of indig-
nation and contempt for the clue' a.t of his perse-

cutor. ~The Emperor NAPOLEON has addressed a
letter of condolence to the Emperor of AUSTRIA,
which fully expresses his feelings on the painful
occasion. After the usual formulary is gone
through, he says that his grief is the more lively
because he feels the responsibility of the pain-
ful part he had had in the misfortune. " But," he
adds, " GOD, who penetrates our hearts, knows that
I never had any other object than to extend to
those distant places the influence of our civilisation.
In doing this, 1 have found no nobler or more
worthy intercessor than your Majesty's unfortunate
brother." This letter is worthy of the writer, and
of him to whom it refers. This Mexican affair has
been a bad business throughout, and, indeed, the
only failure of the Emperor NAPOLEON'S brilliant
career of success ; it has, indeed, ended in dark-
ness, and no one can more deeply deplore the result
than the EMPEROR. The French feel very grieved
at the misfortune, because they are in some degree
mixed up in the matter; and we feel convinced that
nothing was more ardently desired by theEMPEROR
and his subjects than that relief should be sent out
to Maximailx and to his brave supporters. The
hard dictates of political prudence were against the
prosecution of their plans, and they were found to
succumb to its decrees. Additional interest is thus
imparted to all intelligence that reaches us from
France concerning the manner in which this news
has been received. In the sitting of the Legislative
Body of yesterday, M. BONTIER made a few re-
marks of an impressive character. lie said that
the object of the Mexican expedition was to obtain
reparation for the wrongs endured by our country-
men ; and, pursuing his theme, he said —" Attack
us, criticise us, but do not say that we did not act
in good faith; that the Legislature did not know
the truth ; that it was unable to exercise its con-
trol. The argument that the Government acted in
a covert manner is neither true nor just; you will
repel it; we should continue in misfortune as in
prosperity to make common cause. The Govern-
ment consulted public opinion, and resigned itself
to giving the order for the evacuation of Mexico."
This is strictly true, for the, general. opinion was
that it was desirable to do so. The Mexican expe-
dition was never popular in France, though sym-
pathy for a brave man, and a scrupulous regard
for their own honour, induced the French
to wish to continue their support. We agree
with M. ROUHER, that it is not fitting at this
juncture to indulge in animadversions, and to
criticise great acts too closely. Let them unite ii
condemning the guilty perpetrators of this crime,
and in sympathising with the friends of the
departed. MAXIMILIAN has left behind him a
name that will live long in renowned recollection ;
he was brave in all the:vicissitudes of fortune ; he
was constant in danger, and stedfast in trial, and
additional years could not have added to his re-
putation.

His Royal Highness the Prince of WALES had
yesterday an interesting task to perform in inaugu-
rating the London College, which is under the
auspices of the International Education Society.
The ceremony was witnessed by a number of per-
sons, and the spot fixed upon is a beautiful one in the
neighbourhood of Isle worth. The arrangements of this
College appear to be excellent. There are four esta-
blishments in England, France, Germany, and Italy,
and the pupils are to be sent from one of these to the
other at the end of each year, and then, when a
year in the lower classes in each establishment, they
will spend another twelvemonth in the higher ones.
The building is finished in a handsome manner, and
several interesting names are found among the in-
scriptions. Alr. PAULTON, the treasurer of the in-
stitution, was in the chair at the dejeuner, and
delivered an appropriate address to the Prince on
the subject of that institution he had so kindly in-
augurated. Mr. COBDEN was connected with it,
he said, and he had sketched this project after the
French Treaty of 1860. He thought that this
institution was the nucleus of a system which would
bring many blessings to mankind, and largely con-
duce to the peace of the world. The Prince of
WALES, in reply, declared that he shared entirely
in the feelings of gratification that had been ex-
pressed, and in touching upon the main object of
the work before them he said that he was not
going just then to discuss the claims of dead or
living languages, but he would state that it was
most " important that modern languages should
form one of the principal- subjects of study, on
grounds of public utility."

Prince ALBERT and the late Mr. COBDEN fully
agreed in this opinion, and it indeed is one in
which all reflective minds must agree, for the
advantages at the present time cannot be
overrated of possessing an intimate acquaintance
with the chief tongues of Europe, and this can only
be done to any degree of perfection in the same
country where they are spoken. His Royal High-
ness was able to speak from personal experience
when he said that "he bad travelled a great deal on
the continent, and he could assure them that he
would have found his stay there far less pleasant if
he had not possessed a considerable knowledge of
the vernacular of the people." Dr. SCIIMITZ made
a few observations, in which he said that he had
devoted his life to letters, but he thought that, at
the same time, the modern Continental tongues
and the natural sciences should not be neg-
lected or have their claims ignored, because
they materially advanced the civilisation and
progress of the world. The speeches at
this affair were unquestionably of a higher charac-
ter than those that are generally delivered on such
occasions, for they referred to subjects of interest
and importance, and touched upon points that have
often of late been made the subject of controversy.
These seemed, however, to have been treated in a very
fitting manner yesterday, for there was no invidiou
distinction made, but the advantages of both ancient
and modern languages were fully recognised. This
is the true way of settling the dispute. No one who
aspires to learn a complete education can afford to
neglect either, while the benefits conferred by
studying the chief languages of Europe are quite
sufficiently discernible to render it a great boon to
society that this Institution should have been
established.

DEATH FROM HYDROPHOBIA.--SINGULAR CASE.—
The Liverpool coroner on Saturday held an inquest
upon the bo ly of Thomas Barton, aged 16. About two
and a half years ago the deceased was bitten by a dog
upon one of his wrists. As the animal was not mad, and
the wound speedily healed, no serious results were appre-
hended, and the matter was almost forgotten. On Thurs-
day week, whilst at his work, the same wrist was injured
by a plank falling upon it. A few days previously the
hand was hurt by a ball whilst ho was playing at cricket
in a fi,ld in Kensington. On Sunday he was taken ill, and
the terrible symptoms of hydrophobia were manifested
soon afterward,. On Thursday evening the poor lad died
in fearful agony in the Southern Hospital. Mr. Wollaston
the house-surgeon, who was called as a witness, stated,
with regard to a prevalent notion upon the subject, that
the destroying of a dog could make no possible difference
to the person bitten. If a parson had the misfortune to be
bitten by a mad dog there was danger of hydrophobia set-
ting in at any time during that person's. lifetime. The
verdict was "Died from hydrophobia."
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Ramsgate.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Wednesday Evening.

The Government has received telegraphic de-
spatches from Mexico to the Ist of July by way of
Vera Cruz and New Orleans. These despatches,
unhappily, entirely confirm the account of the
death of the Emperor Maximilian, who, as is known,
was executed on the 19th of June.

Mexico surrendered on the 21st. The safety of
the members of the French Legation who were in
that cit 7 was s 9 well provided for that no uneasiness
existed 6Snezting it.

Vera Cruz was occupied on the 27th of June.
That occupation was effected without any disorder,
and the foreign troops were enabled to embark with-
out obstacle.

Accounts from Rome state that the great Catholic
assembly in that city is characterised by the perfect
tranquillity which prevails there. The agents of the
public force, both civil and military, were only em-
ployed in maintaining the regularity in the circu-
lation of the masses, or to give more effect by
their presence to the sacred ceremonies. Upon vari-
ous occasions the Pope was warmly greeted under
the perestyle of St. Peter, but there was no politi-
cal manifestation of any kind from the crowd. The
foolish attempt at Terni has not produced any sen-
sation at Rome either among the Romans or
foreigners, who, like the Italians, have come from
all parts of the Peninsula from a feeling of curiosity
or devotion, and it is notorious that the Italians
have abstained from any manifestation which might
be considered as having a political tendency. The
solemnities had the purely religious character which
properly belonged to them. This, calmness has
completely re-assured a great number of prelates
and ecclesiastics who hesitated to traverse Italy and
to visit the principal cities. At the last moment,
the railways having offered special facilities,
numerous groups of pilgrims decided upon pursu-
ing their religious pilgrimage, and excursions
purely of pleasure, and it is certain that they will
not have to repent of their determination, thanks
to the spirit of conciliation which begins to actuate
the minds of the public in Italy.
At the review on Monday, in honour of the
Emperor, the troops were under the command in
chief of Marshal Canrobert, commandant of the
First Corps d'Armee. Marshal Count Reynaud
de St. Jean d'Angely commanded the troops of
the Imperial Guard. The troops were composed
of an effective of 53 battalions (24 of the Imperial
Guard, and 29 of the line), 32 squadrons of
cavalry, one squadron of the Gendarmerie of the
Seine, 2Q harnessed batteries, 2 horse squadrons of
equipage, train of the Imperial Guard, and 1 foot
squadron of military equipage of the line. The
Emperor with his staff was accompanied by
the Sultan and his relatives, the reigning
Duke of Saxe-Weimar, the Prince of Orange,
Prince Napoleon Jerome, the Duke d'Aoste,
the Duke de Leuchtenberg, Prince Hermann, of
Saxe Weimar, and Prince -Montenegro. The defile
was executed with extreme regularity and order.
As the troops passed before the Emperor they
cheered vociferously and cordially. The appearance
of the troops was magnificent. The Lancers were
particularly admired. Both the Emperor and the
Sultan were everywhere greeted enthusiastically by
the spectators, and the review passed off admirably.
At eight o'clock in the evening the Champs
Elyse !s was not entirely cleared of troops.
The Council of the Order of the Legion of
Honour have voted unanimously in favour of the
degradation of the Mexican Colonel Lopez, the
murderer of Maximilian.

The Legislative Body is occupied with discussing
the Budget. M. Thiers made one of his usual cri-
minatory speeches, in which he again warmly
attacked the French expedition to Mexico.
M. Dupanloup, the Bishop of Orleans, has just
addressed a long letter to the clergy and the faith-
ful of the diocese, in which he announces the coming
assembly of the (Ecumenical Council. He considers
the meeting to be an important event, and that it
will prove to be a great work of " illumination and
pacification" which all the world will applaud. M.
Dupanloup gives his opinion that the convocation
of this assembly affords proof of the courage of Pope
Pius, and that he is indifferent to the menaces of
revolutionists. The whole document is in a pure,
eloquent, and temperate style, and will no doubt
excite the attention and sympathy of those to whom
it is addressed. The bishop says the mission of the
council will be to dissipate contemporaneous errors,
to shed light upon grand questions obscured in
darkness, to re-animate within the body of the
Church the ardent flame of charity and devotion,
to give fresh life to the holy body, to clear up ob-
scurities, and explain errors and misunderstandings.

In the jewellery department of the Exhibition
are some rich and remarkable specimens of jewellery
both real and false, and it is somewhat curious that
g
to the uninitiated eye the imitations appear more
and costly than the real specimens. M.
Bapst has acquired great reputation for his taste
and skill in cutting and polishing diamonda. The
visitor must stop before his stand, for there may be
se en the Queen
diamond, of
SPain's
jewels, and a diamond,
the Saucy
respecting which there is a
curl us and authentic historical record. Among
the remarbable jewels in the collection of Count de
Charolais, afterwards Charles the Bold, was a dia-
mond of large size, which was the object of his
peculiar care. This diamond was no other than
the Saucy diamond of which I speak ; but it was
without shape or brilliancy, in spite of the efforts
of the leading jewellers of that day to give it
graceful form and make it glitter. A jeweller
named Louis de Berquem introduced the art of
cutting and polishing diamonds. The Saucy was
intrusted to him, and it left his workshop in beautiful
shape, and sparkling like a thousand stars. It was
afterwards found by a soldier upon the dead body
of Charles the Bold, who was killed at Nancy in
January 1477, and this soldier sold it for three
francs to a priest, who was as ignorant about
jewellery as the soldier himself. A jeweller bought
it of the priest for three ducats, and sold it for
twelve to the Duke of Florence. From thence it
passed into the bands of the King of Portugal, Dom
Antonio, who sold it in France when he took refuge
there. Nicolas de Harley, a lord of Saucy, paid
70,000 francs for it, and E ince that time the name
of the Saucy diamond was given to it. Or accord-
ing to other authorities the word should be
written sans si (without if), meaning that the stone
was without any defect, so that it might be admired
without any reserve, and no if or but could be used
respecting it. The other remarkable objects of
jewellery are those exhibited by the house of M.
Melleris, which has existed more than a hundred
years ; M. Mauanian,
M. Frederic Boucheron, M.
Lepec, and M. Robillard. Some of the articles are
not only glittering and beautiful, but show great
advance in this branch of art and skill.
The enormous English cannon at the Exhibition
have had their day, and have excited great atten-
tion although we are living in " the piping times of
peace." These engines of destruction will in a few
days be eclipsed by the at rival of an enormous
French cannon cast at the cannon foundry of
Ruelle. It will certainly be a " great gun" at the
Champ de Mars, or indeed anywhere else, for it
weighs 30,000 kilogrammes, or more than double
that number of English pounds. It was transported
from tha foundry with great ceremonial, the waggon
by which it was drawn by 36 horses being decorated
with the national flag, with garlands of flowers and
branches of laurel. Its arrival at the
rail way station
at Augouleme was quite an event. The authorities,
the engineer in chief, and a large crowd were pre-
sent to see the gun go off--to the Exhibition. It
is said that another gun of the same model is to be
manufactured at the same foundry.
The Iman or Grand Almoner of the Sultan,
Haironiah Effendi, has paid a visit to M. Chigi, the
Pope's Nuncio, and also to the Archbishop of Paris,
who has returned from Rome.
The Marquis de la Valette, Minister of the Inte-
rior, who is a great patron of literature, has given a
subsidy of 10,000 fr. to the SocietAi des Gens de
Lettres on the occasion of the International Literary
,Congrees which they are organising.