The Sun.
London, England, 1858-10-19 00:00:00

AQUATICS.

SCULLERS' RACE FOR £2O.
To-day a very spirited scullers' contest took place between
W. Wallenger, of St. Paul's-wharf, and D. Gilham, of
Blackfriars, for £2O. The course selected was that now ren-
dered so celebrated amongst scullers,viz., from Putney to the
Railway Bridge at Barnes. The usual preliminaries having
been completed, the men took their respective stations.
Wallenger on the Middlesex, and Gilham on the Surrey side
of the river. A beautiful start was effected, and for
nearly three-quarters of a mile both men rowed scull and
scull. At Craven-point, however, Wallenger seemed to
have the race entirely in his own hand ; and here Gilham,
who seemed thoroughly exhausted, pushed strongly with
his right hand, and rowed deliberately upon his opponent's
quarter. Wallenger in. an instant saw the manoeuvre, and
in the cleverest manner imaginable succeeded in defeat-
ing the unfair proceeding by instantly droppittg astern. The
referee immediately gave his deciston in favour of Wallen-
ger, but notwithstanding this, the whole of the distance was
rowed, and Wallenger came in an easy winner by some
fifty lengths.

Wallenger, who was the favourite at starting, was
coached up by Robert Bain, of Lambeth.

LONDON GAZETTE-(THIS EVENING.)

DOWNING-STREET, OCT. 16.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Captain James
Robert Mann, R.E., to be Surveyor-. General for the Island
of Mauritius, and C. Wing, Esq., to be Collector of Cus-
toms for the said Island.
Her Majesty has also been pleased to appoint John Scott
Tucker, Esq., to be-Civil Engineer for the Colony of the
Cape of Good Hope.
BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 18.
The Right Hon. the Lords 'of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through
the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a
despatch from her Majesty's Ambassador at Paris, inclosing
a copy of a French Imperial Decree prolonging, until the
30th September, 1859, the exemption from shipping dues
on cargoes of grain, meal, rice, potatoes, and dried vege-
tables.
*BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, Our. 18.
The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade and Plantations have received informa-
tion, through her Majesty's Consul-General at Algiers,
that the restrictions hitherto existing at the ports of Algeria,
as to the tonnage of vessels allowed to carry goods upon
which an import duty of 10 per cent. is levied, are hereafter
to apply eiciusivaly tr) engaged in re-exportation.
BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 18.
PO Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through.
the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a de-
spatch from her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Tangiers, report-
ing that the prohibition to export Slippers and Haicks
(woollen sashes) from Morocco has been withdrawn.
BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 18.
The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of
Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received,
through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy
of a despatch from her Majesty's Ambassador at Paris, In-
closing copy of a French Imperial Decree prolonging, until
the 30th September, 1859, the privilege allowed to foreign
vessels to carry grain, meal, rice, potatoes, and dried veget-
ables, between France and Algeria.
WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, Our. 19.
MEMORANDUM.—The next competitive examination o:
candidates for admission to the Royal Military Academy a
Woolwich, will be held in London on the 3d January
1859.

The qualifications remain as heretofore ; and all gentle-
men who desire to obtain commissions in the Royal Artil-
lery or Royal Engineers, are required to pass through the
course of instruction at the Royal Military Academy.
For a prospectus and further information, the parents
or guardians of the candidates should apply to the Military
Secretary; at the Horse Guards.
•r
COMMISSION BY THE QUEEN.
Ist West York Regiment of Militia—John Simpson,
Esq., to be Paymaster.
COMMISSIONS BY LORDS LIEUTENANT.
County. of Stafford—George Briscoe, Esq., to be Deputy
Lieutenant.

2d Regiment of King's Own Staffordshire Militia—En-
sign Frederick Clement Sneyd to be Lieutenant, vice
Brzndley, deceased.
King's Own Light Infantry Regiment of Militia—Robt.
Augustus Warren, Esq., late Captain in the County Dublin
Militia, to be Captain, vice Kitson, promoted.
Ist Regiment of teyal Cheshire Militia—Lieutenant
Edward Jeffcock to be Captain, vice Bromwich resigned ;
Lieutenant John Colbourne to be Captain, vice Frank
Corbett, resigned.
Ist Soinerset Regiment of Militia—Henry Stanhope May,
Gent., to be Ensign, vice Owen, promoted.
Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry Militia—Ensign R.
Fisher Evans to be Lieutenant; Ensign Henry Hammond
Spencer to be Lieutenant.

WHITEHALL, SEPT. 30.
e Right Hon. Sir Alexander Edmund Cockburn,
gart., Lord Chief Justice of her Majesty's Court of Com-
mon Pleas, at Westminster, has appointed John Richard
Wood, of Woodbridge, in the county of Suffolk, Gentleman,
to be one of the Perpetual Commissioners for taking the
acknowledgments of deeds to be executed by married wo-
men, under the Act passed for the abolition of fines and re-
coveries, and for the substitution of more simple modes of
assurance, in and for the county of Suffolk.

NOTICES TO MARINERS.
AUSTRALIA—SOUTH COAST.
Various alterations having been made from time to time
in the lights on the southern coast of Australia, the follow-
ing information respecting them has lately been published by
the Department of Trade and Customs at Melbourne.

Fixed Light on Gabo Island, Cape Howe.
The fixed white light, shown from the lantern supported
by a skeleton timber frame near the middle of Gabo Island,
at 51- miles to the S.W.-of Cape Howe, is eclipsed from S.
by E. it E. to S. it W. for about 2 miles seaward, by a small
range of sand hills ; the light may be seen at a distance of
17. miles. A stone tower, to bear a fixed light of greater
power than the above, is to be built on the south-east point
of the island, due notice of which will be given.
Revolving Light on Cape Otway.
The revolving light, exhibited from the white stone
tower on the extreme south-west of Cape Otway, shows a
bright flash every minute, visible in clear weather at 21
miles. Mariners are reminded that a dangerous reef lies
three quarters of a mile to the of the light tower.

Revolving Light on Cape Willoughby.
The revolving light at Cape Willoughby, the south-east
extreme of Kangaroo Island, exhibits its greatest brilliancy
every one and a half minutes, and illuminates an arc of the
horizon, to the distance of 24 miles, from N. by W., W.,
round easterly, to S.W. i W.
Revolving Light on Cape Bordtt.
Also, that the lighthouse erecting on Cape Borda, the
north-west extreme of Kangaroo Island, would probably
be completed in July, 1858, and would then exhibit a re-
volving lig,ht, showing a bright and red face alternately
every half-minute. The tower is about 60 feet above the
Cape, or about 510 feet above the sea level, and the light
will be visible in clear weather at 30 miles.
[The bearings are magnetic. Variation 51, deg. E. in
1858.1

By command of their lordships,
JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic-office, Admiralty, London,
Ist October, 1858.
This notice 'affects the following Admiralty Charts :
Australia, General Chart, No. 1,042; Bass Strait, No.
1,695 ; Australia, South Coast,, Sheet 3, No. 1,001; and
Gulfs of Saint Vincent and Spencer, No. 2,389. Also Aus-
tralia Light Lists, published in September, 1858, Nos. 89
and 101.

AUSTRALIA—SOUTH COAST ; PORT Runup.
The following information respecting the alterations
made from time to time in the lights at Port Philip, has
lately been published 'by the Department of Trade and
Customs at Melbourne.

Light Ships in West Channel.
The upper light ship, at the north end of the west
channel into Port Philip, is painted red, and has
.three
masts ; the fore and main mastsare each surmounted with
a red ball. A bell is tolled during foggy weather.
The light ship lying at the south-west end of Swan Spit
is to be removed in a few months,tynd a light of the same
character will then be exhibited from a lighthouse now
being constructed on piles, near her present position.
Lights in Geelong Harbour.
The light ship in Geelong Harbour lies near the Bird
Rock, at the eastern entrance of Ship Channel, and exhi-
bits a fixed white light, visible at seven miles. The vessel
has one mast, surmounted with a ball, and is painted red
A bell is tolled during foggy weather. Tidal
signals are.
exhibited on board, showing the height of water on the
bar.

Lights in Hobson Bay, Melbourne.
The fixed light exhibited from Gellibrand Point shows
red seaward from S.W. to S.E., and white the remainder of
the circle.
A fixed red light is exhibited from the end of Sandridge
jetty; a fixed green light from the end of Sandridge rail-
way pier ; and a fixed red light from the end of the old
jetty at Williams Town. All three lights are visible sea-
ward at a distance of three miles.
[All bearings are magnetic. Variation 5f deg. E. in 1858.]
By command of their Lordships,
JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic Office, Admiralty, London,
Oct. 1, 1858. •
This notice affects the Admiralty* Plan of Port Phillip,
No. 1,171; and Australia Lights List, published in Sept.,
1858, Nos. 94, 95, 96, and 97.
MEDITE,RRANEAN SEA—ISLAND OF XALTA,
Fixed Lights, Valletta Harbour.
The Superialendent of Ports at the island of Malta hasgiven notice, that on and after the Ist day of Xoy.: 1858,

By command of their Lordships.
JOHN WASHINGTON, Hydrographer.
Hydrographic-offic, Admiralty London, Oct. 4, 1858.
This notice affeCts the following Admiralty Charts :
iNfeditcrranean Sea, General Chart, No. 2158 ; Maltese
Islauds, No. 194; and Valletta Harbours, No. 195.

Parties claiming to be creditors in the Maresfield Gun-
powder Company (Limited) are to attend and prove their
debts on Tuesday, 2d Nov. next, at twelve o'clock at noon
precisely, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Robert Palmer sen., and Robert Palmer, jun., scriveners,
Stoliesley, Yorkshire, Nov. 1 and 29, at eleven, at the Leeds
District Court.
George Montagu Evans, money scrivener, Farnham,
Surrey, Nov. 1 at eleven, and Dec. 6 at twelve, at the Court
of Bankruptcy.

SCOTCH BANKRUPTS.
Richard Jeffreys Muckleston, leather merchant, Borrow-
stounness.
George Murray Kaye, manufacturer, Glasgow.

COURSE OF EXCHANGE.—Tuts DAY.
Amsterdam
Ditto
Rotterdam — 11 17f 11 17
Antwerp
Brussels - 2.5 30 2.5 3.5
Hamburgh
Paris
1: Ditto
Marseilles — 25 321 25 37}

Frankfort on Maine
Vienna

Trieste
Petersburgh
Madrid
Cadiz
Leghorn
Genoa

Naples
Palermo —
Messina' —
Lisbon ' —
Oporto
Rio Janeiro
New York .

Calcutta, Co.'s rupee
Bombay ditto
Madras ditto

118 a
10
10 7
34-
49
49
29
25 50

41
1221
123
52}
521

119
10 12
10 12
34
49.
24 9
9
25 55

41
123
1231
52k
52

Co's bls. House bis. 60d
26 2.
26i
26 234

WORKING EXPENSES OF ENGLISH

RAILWAYS.

(From Captain Galton's Report to the Board of Trade.)
It wOuld appear that the average working ex-
penses of railway companies, per mile of railway
open, have increased in England and Wales from
£1,352.per mile in 1854 to £1,564 in 1857 ; but
they- have decreased in Scotland from £961 in
1854 to £941 in 1857 ; and in Ireland from £465
in 1854 to £464 in 1857.
The proportion which the working expenses
have borne to the receipts_has been 48 per cent. in
England and Wales as compared with the 49 per
cent. in 1856 ; 44 per cent. in Scotland, as com-
pared with 47 percent. in 1856; and' 38 per cent.
in Ireland, as compared with 39 per cent, in 1856 ;
the general average having been 47 per cent. upon
the gross receipts both in 1856 and 1857.
The expenditure appears to be divided as fol-
lows, viz.:—Maintenance of way, 15 per cent. ;
locomotive expenses, including repairs of rolling
stock, 38 per cent. • traffic charges, 26 per cent. ;
miscellaneous, including police and watchmen,
compensation, &c., 13 per cent. ; rates and govern-
ment duty, 7.per_cent.

In appendix No. 5 is given a table showing the
proportion which the expenditure bears to the
receipts per mile, and per train per mile, on each
railway separately, for the years 1855, 1856, and
1857.

In coniidering this talde it must be borne in
mind that the, capacity of each railway for traffic
is affected by local circumstances, both as regards
the physical features of the line, and the descrip-
tion of traffic upon it.
It is impossible to estimate these circumstances
in any satisfactory manner, becauSe the returns
forwarded to this department by the railway com-
panies include as a rule groups of lines and branches
varying in engineering features, and occupying a
diversity of districts.
The cost of maintenance of way is to a great
extent dependent on the traffic, but it also depends
on the care with which the road has been originally
constructed, both as regards the joints of the rails,
and the construction of the road in respect of bal-
lasting, drainage, &c. The following instances of
lines.; which have been open a few years, and are
unencumbered with branches, show the effect of
traffic on railways :

- -
The maintenance of way of the Morayshire
Railway, upon which the train mileage is 3,017
miles, per mile of railway open costs £43.
The maintenance of way of the Port Carlisle
Railway, upon which the train mileage is 3,004
miles, per mile of railway opcn costs £43.
The maintenance of way of the Birkenhead,
Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction Railway, upon
which the train mileage is 14,973 miles, per mile
of railway open costs £440.
The maintenance of way of the London and
Blackwall Railway, upon which the train mileage
is 33,624 miles, per mile of railway open costs £595.
The maintenance of way of the North London
Railway, upon which the train mileage is 83,964
miles, per mile of railway open costs £791.
Although the fished joints and other improved
modes of laying the joints have been introduced
largely on railways, the returns do not admit of its
being clearly shown what. saving has been effected
thereby, upon the wear and tear of rolling 'stock,
the maintenance of the road and the diminished
cost of fuel consequent upon the diminished resist-
ances of the joints.
The cost of coal and coke appears from a return
from the railway companies to have averaged 2.9 d.
per mile run by the engines in England, 2.58 d. in
Scotland. and 3.94 d. in Ireland. The general ave-
rage being 2.67 d. per mile.
A very important improvement for cheapening
the working of railways is being effected by the
introduction of coal burning cingines which consume
their own smoke. The London and South-Western,
Great Western, Oxford, Worcester, and Wolver-
hampton, East Lanclisbire, London and North-
Western, South-Eastern, and other railway com-
panies,ines hoanv
tell me
Londonade experimentsexits
_tiwt the
tseirt j
lc
at
INT
al iye
introduced by Mr. Beattie appear to have been
successful. These engines are stated to average
with passenger trains about 181bs. of coal per mile;
and it is worthy of notice that the average cost .of
fuel on that railway has been 2.69 d. per mile, and
104 miles have been run per ton of coal and coke,
when on other railways similarly s
ro theB cost
has been 3d. and
peen
improvement d.
runp e r
pemri
oe
n, andi from otoo 92
miles coke.
There
tli
non-paying weight in trains in
proportion to iglelseor net havero room
for amountto
theof
weight of the loads. In passenger trains the large
amount of non-paying weight is- • especially notice-
able. Thus, an erdinary first-class carriage gives,
if full, an average, probably of 700 lbs. dead weight
per passenger, and an ordinary third-class carriage
gives nearly 300 lbs., dead weight per passenger.
Carriages have been constructed in which much of
this dead weight has been saved, and in which other
improvements, such as the power of applying a
larger number of breaks to a train, and the abolition
of the practice of placing luggage on the tops of the
carriages, which has occasioned more than one acci-
dent by fire, and is still in use on some lines, have
been introduced. Improvements of this nature
cannot be expected to be perfected at once, but
must depend upon repeated experiments. They are
however, Well deserving of the attention of railway
managers.
From a return to an order of the House of Com-
mons, the following would appear to be the amount
of the burden on the dividends of the companies.
Per-Centage on the dividend of ordinary share
capital :

Rates and Taxes. rassenzer Duty. Total.
England 7.72 .. 5.09 .. 13.71
Scotland 5.97 . , 4.14 • . 10.12
Ireland 5.29 .. — • • 5.29
Per-tentage on the dividend on total share capital:
Rates and Taxes. Passenger Duty. Total.
~
.. , 4.10.
....
49..6271,. '7' I.
England
nt,il; however,
Scotland 4.05 ~ , .
451 . - ...; - -2.81 .. 6.87-.
Ireland.
largest rate ' •
The most oppressive part oefotmhepabnniredse.
is the litigation to which the parish rates.giverise.
, if thie;)7:ininthtbe
parishes,ali re: idincs maltyan whichd, c
ates
eho
consequently,
s trehaqieul
nwaytly theme yes
cause they have to contribute towards. thC Fre;sire
of the contest by an inerm.led rate,

two_fixod.red vertical-lights will be exhibited; at an eleva
tion of 55 and 80 feet respectively above the level of the sea,
from the white circular tower, 41feet high, standing SS.E.
I E. 23 yards within the north,west angle of Fort lticasolf,
as the entrance of,Valletta great harbour.
The lights will be 6isible Ali clear weather at li:distance
of 4 miles, and will ;illuniin*Tseaward from E. N. round
northerly. and up thehaibOur,rto S.W. by W. W., or in
the direction of the - mark- bnily (iiff.:Senglea Point, when
bearing-S. iE. they Will leadjurst clear of the mark buoy
off St. Elmo point ; .and, by •keeping them in sight when
when proceeding up the:harbour, they will lead clear of St,
Angelo and Senglea points.
[All the bearings are magnftic. Variation 13-1 deg. W.
in 1858.3

•
James Williams,rnANKßUPTS.
, grocer, Montain Ash Llanwonno# Glaorganshire, to sur render, Nov 2 and 00,, at eleven, et
the Bristol District Court.
John Metcalf and John Lilly, hosiers, Birmingham,
Nov. 1 and 24, at ten, at the Birmingham District Court. -
William Brown, builder, Whitehaven, Nov. 1, and Dec. .•
16, at twelve, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Corn t.
Stephen James Field, wine merchant, Railway-place,
Fenchnreh-street, Oct. 28, at eleven, and Nov. 25, at one,
at the "Court of Bankruptcy. -
Charles Lewis Wrenshall, musical teacher, Birkenhead; ' -
Oct. 28 and Nov. 19, at eleven, at the Liverpool District
Court.
William Wolf, baker, Eaton-terrace, Rotherhite, Oct.
30, at twelve, and Dec.-3, at one, at the Court of Bank-.
Robert Wright and George Elliott Wright, wharfingers,
Leeds; Nov. tand 30, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court.