The Sun.
London, England, 1858-04-22 00:00:00

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Page called after him and said one of his inspectors
had stolen some bacon, and wanted to search his
house. He was very much confused at the announce-
ment, and referred him to the police-station as he
thought a search warrant PM required. He did
not observe the last witness outsid-i his shop when
he passed the first time.
Mr. C. Grant, also an inspector of the D division,
said he was en duty at the stationatPa Win gton about
a quarter past 9 o'clock on Monday night, when Mr.
Page came in and informed him of the charge. As
it was a most important one he took him round to
the superintendent's house, and upon the arrival of
Mr. Hughes he directed him to obtain the assist-
ance of another inspector and search the prisoner's
house. He did so, but could find no trace of any
bacon. The next morning ho saw the witnesses,
and they gave a similar account of what they saw
as they had just done to the court. At 5 o'clock
on Tuesday afternoon he apprehended the pri-
soner at the Maryiebone Police•station, and he then
declared that it was entirely false, and that it was
also a conspiracy. In searching him he found a red
silk handkerchief.

Incross-examination by Mr. Lewis, Inspector
Grant further said the prisoner had been 14 years
in the force, and bore a most excellent character.
Between 5001. and 6001. passed through the pri-
soner's hands weekly. There were no marks of
grease upon the handkerchief. It was perfectly
clean when he took it. He had heard at the Mary-
lebone Police•court tradesmen complain of the
prisoner's severity in summoning them for obstruc-
tions.

Mr. Hughes, at the request of Mr. Lewis, got up
to give the prisoner a good character.
Mr. Ingham said he could not form an opinion
of what he should do with the case until he had ex-
amined Mr. Page's man. He therefore should ad-
journ the case until Tuesday for that purpose. Bail
was accepted.

PROGRESS OF TELEGRAPIC INVENTION.

Last night, at the weekly meeting of the Society
of Arts, Mr. C. W. Siemens read a paper " On the
Progress of the Electric Telegraph." The author
said the object he had more particularly in view
was to trace the gradual progress of this invention
since the time of its first appearance, with a view
to establish more clearly its present position, and
to point out the direction i❑ which we should pro-
ceel, in order to realise still greater results. Many
attempts to construct an electric telegraph were
made in the lait century, with frictional electricity,
but with little success, until Scemering, of Munich,
constructed, in 1808, the first vol'aic telegraph,
producing signals by the decomposition of water.
The discovery of electro-magnetism, however,
turned the tide of invention iivo another direction.

Ampere was the first to propose an electro-magnet
needle telegraph, consisting of 24 needles and 25
line wirs, the extra lino being intended for the
inetAlie return circuit common to all. Ritchie
exeniteil in `1832 a model of Ampore's telegraph,
with some improvements. The first working elec-
tric telegraph was established by Gause and Weber,
at Gottingen, in 1833, and consisted of wires car-
ried a distance of a mile on high posts over the'
town. The magnet,-electric current was used to
work it. S'einheil, of Munich, produce in 1837,
his needle printing and acoustic instrument, which
he first tried at Muni,,ih through about five miles
of suspended line wire, and shortly afterwards
upon a railway near Frankfort. At the time when
Steinheil was absorbed in his labour, Proi

fessor WheatWone was also engaged upm ai
series of experituenti on the velocity of elec-
tricity, with the view to the constmetion of
electric telegraphs, and in June, 1357, he jained
Mr. Cooke in a patent for a needle telegraph or

five-line wires (besides one wire for the return cur.
rent), and as many needles, which, by a system of
permutations, could be so deflected that any letter
of the alphabet was poirred out, upon a diamonds
shaped board by the convergence of two needles
tow.trds it. The line wires were proposed to be
coated with insulating material, such as fibrous
substances saturated with pitch, and to be drawn
into laden pipes, in order to exclude the moisture
of the ground. An experimental line of telegram
on this principle was established the same year at
the Euston Railway Station. In 1838, Morse, an
American, deposited an instrument of his c3nstrr.c-
tion at the Pal is -Acaclenhy of Sciences. His inven-
tion consists chiefly in the substitution of electro-
magnets for needles in the construction of 'a
recording instrument, which in other respects is
similar to Steinh?il'a. The object, however, an
important one, was to render the instrument power-
ful and certain in its action. Other countries had
taken up the subject, and in Prussia a royal com-
mission was appointed to consider and advise upon
the system to be adopted, of which commission the
author's brother, Mr. Werner Siemens, became an
active member. The commission was in favour of
an underground system, ani this led Mr. Werner
Siemens to apply gutta percha as an insulator. The
author described the instrument proposed by his
brother at this time which required only a single
wire, and which was stated to be sample and effec-
tive. He then explained numerous other instruments
and appliances which had been used for telegraphic
purposes, and passed on to the subject of submarine
conductors. The first experiments to submerge an
insula' ed conductor (which consisted of copper wire
covered with cotton thread, saturated with pitch
and tar), were made at Calcutta in 1839, by Dr.
(now Sir William) O'Shaughnessy. Professor
Wheatstone proposed in the following year to
establish a telegraph cable between England and
France, and the cable he intended to use contained
six separately insulated copper wires, which were
protected by a strong sheathing of wire. Submarine
telegraphs must, however, have proved impracti-
cable, but for the timely discovery of gutta percha.
Thefirst successful attempts to cetabli-hsubaqueous
conductors were made by the author's b other, Mr.
Werner Siemens, in 1848, in the Bay of Kiel, and
in crossing the Rhine at Cologne, and other rivers.
The first attempt to establish a subaqueous con-
ductor across the open sea (from Dover to Calais)
was made by Woollaston in 1831. It consisted of
a gutta percha coated copper wire, without external
protection, and failed immediately after it had been
laid. In the same year, Crampton laid a cable
between the same places successfully. This cable
was sheathed with iron wire, according to Messrs.
Newell and Co.'s process. The author touched upon
the mechanical difficulties of laying submarine
cables, and then discussed at some length the sub-
ject of the electric condition of the submerged con-
ductor. He considered it to be established that
telee• aphic cables not exceeding one thousand miles
in Cong h may be worked satisfac'orily, and that
consequently all reasonable doubts about the suc-
cessful operation of a line from London to Calcutta
may be considered as removed. For distances ex-
ceeding 1,000 miles, however, he is of opinion that
the ddliculty of sending messages at an efficient
rate, for commercial purposes, remains yet to be
solved ; for ho thinks that theory and experience
combine to prove that the highest rate likely to be
attained iu working through a distance equal to
the intended Atlantic cable will not exceed four, or
it may be five words per minute, unless some
new principle of working be discovered. There
would be one way, indeed, in which the capabili-
ties, not only of long submarine cables but of
electric telegraphs generally, might be greatly in-
creased, which consists in combining a number of
insulated line wires into one cable, and working
them in metallic couples. Thus, if a cable of 10
wires was laid between two great commercial
centres, say between London and Liverpool, as
many as 48 pairs of instruments might be used,
which might be placed in the counting-houses of
great merchants and of their respective agents for
their private correspondence. The instrument that
appears to be best suited for such purposes isa
magneto-electric step-by-step or dial instrument,
which requires no battery. These had been e.erioisne
sively adopted on the Continent, and were
at the War-office and at the Horse Guards.. -51
variety of
Siemen's paper was illustrated by a
instruments, shown in action. great
A discussion ensued, in which
Sir Charles Fox,
Messrs. Latimer
Clark, E. Highton, W. Smith,tbn
Chairman (W.
Mr. Pearsall, Mr. sVarly, and
It. Grove, Esq.) took part-

INDIAN TRA-;.-------'7l-----DIC.
d into the several presidenc
ies
o
—The totalvatue of the
pre id
and treasure importe
amounted to 28 60.82,855 rupees,
India in 1556-57 • 1855 56, and 14.77.09.286 in
India 25.24.89.453
figujrlEd for 11.89.50.606, Madras for
1854-55.39B6oTbidayBengal for 14 17 24 853. The Exports
2 54.07.)dif: in 1856-57 amounted to 26 59.18.811,
f. 7" 41'23.64.04.451 in 1855.56. The area of the tern-
ynof Oude, lately acquired, is estimated at 25,000
:are miles, the population at 5,000,000, and the re
venue at 201,9351. Pegue and Martaban are 32,250
square miss in area. The population is 570,180, and
the revenue 317 010/. ; while Nagpore, in 13 rar, is
76,432 square mites in extent, its population is 4,650,000,
and its revenue 529.127/. In 1857 there were 3,082
Europeans and Indo-Britcns in the unc )venanted service
of India, and 2,846 natives, of whom 2,560 were em-
ployed in the judicial and revenue service. The English
are almost equally divided between this service and the
"Ltmeral," there being only 151 in the political service.