The Sun.
London, England, 1858-10-02 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer.
THIS EVENING, the New Comedy of EXTREMES;
or, Mee of the Day. Supported by Messrs. Leigh Murray,
Emery, .1. Rogers, and Barrett ; Mrs. A. Mellon (late Miss
Woolgar), Mrs. Weston, Miss Kate Saxon.
After which the Ballet of THE RENDEZVOUS, in which
the Lauri Family will appear.
Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7. Box-office
Open from 11 to 5 daily.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE,
Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborongh.
THIS EVENING, MY AUNT'S HUSBAND ; Mr. Swan.
borough, Mrs. Selby, Miss Ternan.
After which THE LAST OF THE PIGTAILS ; Messrs,
C. Selby, J. Bland, and J. Clarke, &c.
Followed by THE BONNIE FISH WIFE.
And I'LL WRITE TO THE TIMES.
Commence at 7 o'clock.

Ireland and the Irish from the bold experiment
adventured on nine years since, and which so boldly
set aside all the traditions relating to r 3. 1 estates.
It was indispensable to restore a health er state of
affairs in Ireland. The normal con tion of the

CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.—
OPEN EVERT EVENING.—The following Company
of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of Selections
from all the popular OPERAS, MADRIGALS, CHORUSES,
GLEES; DUETS, &a, viz.:—Miss Russell, Mrs. Badsey,
Miss Brunell, Miss Ray, Madame Bartoletti, Miss Montague,
Mrs. Lawrence, and Mrs. Anderson ; Herr F. Jonyhmans,
Mr. Honshaw, S. Jones, J. Barker, W. Melling, Senor Antonio,
E. L Hime, Mr. Badsey, Senor Tiroli, Mr. Cozens, Mr. Bell,
Mr. Barnard, and Mr. St. Albyn. Mr. John G. Forde and E.
W. Mackney. Pianoforte, Mr. Cecil Hicks—Harmonium,
Mr. Courtnay -Director, Herr F. Jonghmans. Commence at
7 precisely. Suppers, &a, until 12 o'clock.
NOTICE.—The Proprietor begs respectfully to announce
tnat in the month of October,
A FINE ARTS GALLERY,
now in course of construction, will be thrown open in con-
nexion with the above Hall.

THE WEATHER.-STJN OFFICE, OCT. 2.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
62—highest since noon yesterday.
64--lowest this morning and during the night.
66—this day at noon.

BAROMETER-30.06.
WIND, West South-Westerly; light and fine.

THE SUN.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1858.

landed proprietor in the sister king cm was one of

debt and embarrassment. The sins of his forefathers,

even to the third and fourth generation, were
visited severely on his head. A series of " family
charges" were all suffered to accumulate, the pro-

visions made for three or four sets of younger

children, and probably one or two jointures in
addition, pressed fearfully on the nominal owner,
rendering him but little better than a mere agent

to collect and disburse the rents.

Nor was it

merely " family charges" that ate up the once
flourishing inheritance. The Irish proprietor or
heir apparent possessed a fatal facility for obtaining
money. All that was required was to sign a bond
and warrant of attorney for confessing judgment,
and that judgment had all the effect of a
specific charge, not only on the lands then
in his possession, but on all that should
come into his possession at any time during his
life. The lien was of the most perfect character,

and every tenant who had a trifle of money scraped up
as a portion for the " little girl " was always ready
and willing
to advance it to the landlord or land-
lord's eldest son, and the shopkeepers in the vicinity
were equally satisfied with the investment. The
mere signature was a convenient way of replenish-
ing the exhausted exchequer. There was a general
jubilee when the heir came of age, because, by join-
ing his father in levying a fine or suffering a
recovery, which, as a matter of filial piety he
was expected to do, all these debts were
rendered perfectly securer lie, poor lad,
had generally some pressing claimants to
satisfy, and his wants were added to those of the
father, and a few thousands thrown in to supply
suitable means for rejoicing at the happy event.
Matters were by these means rendered very plea-
sant for a time. There were no troubles, no
annoyance. The interest was provided for by new

loans, and the father lived as if he possessed the
entire estate without claim or encumbrance of
any description ; while the expectant heir emulated
all the extravagance of his sire, and seemed to
think that all the rents, issues, and profits
were already at his disposal ! Under such cir-
cumstances a collapse became inevitable when
the power of borrowing ceased—when lenders be-
came shy—and the means of the tenants were ex-
hausted—the interest ran into arrear, and at length
some indignant croditor filed a bill, to which every
person having a charge, however trifling, was made
a party, required to put in an answer, appear by
counsel at the several hearings, file a charge in the
Masters' Court, and go through a course of expensive
and unnecessary proceedings, that soon rendered
the costs of the small creditors greater than the
amount of their respective debts. There were then
perpetual motions in the Rolls Court, all of which
were paid for out of the estate, or according to the
techni-cal term, were " made costs in the cause."
A receiver was then appointed, and thus what had
been once a noble estate not far inferior to some of
the petty German principalities, was placed at the
tender mercies of the worst landlord that ever
destroyed a property, the Court of Chancery.
Far be it from us to insinuate that such was the
condition of all, or even a large proportion of the
Irish landlords. There were many prudent and
excellent men who gave every fair play to their
tenants, and where there was any manifestation
of harshness or oppression, it was the poverty, not
the will that consented. They were either driven to
law by inexorable circumstances, or by the insidious
advice of interested men who brought discredit on
their employers, whom they wilfully deceived. It
will not, however, be denied that there were many
instances of the class alluded to in the early part of
this article, who were totally unable to discharge
their duties to their tenantry or to society, and that
the too notorious state of affairs had rendered the
condition of Ireland a crying grievance—a flagrant
offence against society.

Almost simultaneously with the publication of
Mr. CARLYLE'S biography of " Friedrich the
Second, called FREDERICK the Great," the Auto-
cratic Administration consolidated by that power-
ful Sovereign is resolving itself rapidly and per-
ceptibly into a Constitutional Government. Prussia,
after oscillating in policy between alternate affi-
ances—now with Russia, now with England—is
giving herself up at last to the superior fascina-
tions of our free and enlightened system. There
has long been an obvious tendency in this direction
on the part of the more gifted statesmen—men like
HATZFELD and BUNSEN grouped around the
Throne of the House of Hohenzollern. Ten years
ago the pear seemed ripe—namely, in 1848, when
the black, red, and gold banner of the Germanic
Nationality was unfurled at Berlin, and when
the poor demented old King, now in his
premature dotage, might, had he so pleased,
have placed himself at the head of the
great Confederation. It was a lost opportunity.
There was the occasion—but there was not the man.
FREDERICK WILLIAM the FOURTH—now non
compos—might, by a single decade, have bloomed
from the King of PuussiA,into the Emperor of
GERMANY. But the monarch had not strength of
mind enough, vigour or determination enough, for
that position of rare and breathless responsibility.
The Sovereign was tried and found wanting. The
hopes of Prussia, the prouder hopes of Germany
died out as rapidly as they had just before been
kindled into a sudden and apparently all-mastering
conflagration. The former have, happily, since
then been secretly reviving. A sympathy
with England and with English institutions
has been gradually spreading among the
more intelligent politicians in Prussia—running in
a parallel line with the increase, during this inter-
val of ten years, of the mental and moral incom-
petence of the Prussian Sovereign.

All these successive hopes at length found in
1857-1858 two golden auguries for their realisation.
The intellectual eclipse under which the unfortu-
King de jure ultimately sunk, necessitating his
withdrawal from public life thenceforth—in the
same way that GEORGE 111. of England and
FRANCIS 11. of Austria were concealed from the
popular gaze when the kingly power of the former
was replaced by the princely authority of a
Regency, and when the imperial sway of
the latter was forgone entirely by an uncon-
ditional abdication this kindred descent of
FREDERICK-WILLIAM the FOURTH from the
throne into absolute privacy, has brought with it
as one happy sequel, the transference of the Royal
power to the Prince of PRUSSIA, a man of liberal
tendencies, of inflexible integrity, of unflinching
resolution, and of unquestionable enlightenment.
And at the very time the Prince of PRUSSIA is
assuming the vice-regality of the kingdom his
eldest son, heir to the crown of the TIOHENZOLLERNS,
is but just newly allied to England's eldest
daughter. So that the generous political aspira-
tions of the more advanced among the Prussian
Statesmen are strengthened and encouraged by the
.dynastic influences happily resulting from the well-
&wised union of the Prince FREDERICK WILLIAM
and the PRINCESS ROYAL of Great Britain. The
slope of Russia is towards the East, was the felicitous
axiomatic phrase of M. DE LAMARTINE. The slope
of Prussia, at this moment, is clearly shelving in
the direction of England and her constitutional
form of government. Under these encouraging
auspices let us hope that the daydream of Prussian
liberty may yet, at no distant period, be realised ;
nand that the tokens borne to us through the electric
cable connecting this country with the European
Continent, may, from the direction of Prussia, at
ica4l, thrill with that noble harmony—
" The according music of a well-mixed State."

The mysterious dispensations that reduced so
large a proportion of the inhabitants to so terrible
a state of destitution, that cut off thousands—tens
of thousands and hundreds of thousands—by the
combined influence of famine and pestilence, com-
pleted the destruction of those who had barely kept
their heads above water during more prosperous
seasons. Not only was the payment of rent sus-
pended, as if by general consent, but an efficient
poor-law was introduced, which made the poverty
of Ireland the first charge on its property; and
there are but too many instances where the net
receipts of large properties were totally absorbed
by the payment of the poor-rates, leaving nothing
either for the necessities of the landlord or
the interest due to the incumbrancers. Such a
state of things could not be permitted to continue ;
a desperate disease required a desperate remedy,
and the act was passed, which will expire on the
Ist of Nov. next ; but only to give way to a worthy
successor ; inasmuch as " The Landed Estates
Courts," which then comes into operation, will ex-
ercise even more extensive functions and powers
than those entrusted to its predecessor. That
made several startling changes. It enabled a pur-
chaser to obtain a Parliamentary title that could
never be impeached—which constituted a new root
to title, beyond which no purchaser or mortgagee
could inquire. We need scarcely say how greatly
this added to the value of the property brought
to the hammer. This was recognised by
owners who were not encumbered, until at
last there was a general demand that all the ad-
vantages should not be given to improvident persons,
but that prudent and discreet men should be allowed
to participate therein. This has led to the esta-
blishment of the " Landed Estates Court," which
will no doubt prove very beneficial in its operation,
as well to vendors as to purchasers, to borrowers as
to lenders on real security. It cannot have the
same extraordinary demands on its attention as the
Act which has resuscitated Ireland, and
although there were in the earlier stages some
very severe cases, individual hardship has
promoted the welfare, happiness, and prosperity of
Ireland more than all the other enactments of recent

T,tto ninth (and concluding) annual report of the
opera, 'ions of the Encumbered Estates Court in
Ireland has been duly published, and will be round
in anotht 'r part of this day's impression. It is w;.
instructive , document, and proves beyond the
possibility ff doubt the vast benefits derived by

THE --SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY 'EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1858

LATEST NEWS.

MARSEILLES, SATURDAY.
The mails from Bombay and Calcutta have ar-
rived simultaneously.

The position of China in the two Kwangs is

growing worse,

The Bombay Times, of the 7th, says that the
rebels in Oude, deserted by the Queen, are in a
desperate situation. There is a considerable force,
but disorganised, in Behar. Colonels Anderson
and Fraser are dead.

The Company's paper at Calcutta h falling.
Lord Stratford de Redeliffe, we learn from Con-
stantinople, has received the English residents,
whom he thanked for their expression of regard,
and bestowed an eulogy on his successor.
There have been some disturbances at Tripoli,
and the Governor has been recalled.

BERLIN, SEPT. 30.

The police have seized the journal Publicist.
The offensive article is one on the persecutions to
which the Press has of late been systematically
subjected. This is, within less than a fortnight,
the sixth seizure carried out against Berlin news-
papers, not counting the police ordinances, which
prohibit the entry of publications published' in
non-Prussian territory.

TURIN, SEPT 28.

There are rumours of some Ministerial changes
at Turin. It is said. that the Minister of Public
Instruction, M. Lanza, is to take the finances, on
condition of his being succeeded in his former
capacity by a Minister ready to carry out the
projected reforms.
Several arrests have taken place among the Nea-
politan aristocracy, and among the officers of the
army and navy. Duke Proto is alleged to have
escaped. At the coast of Naples a corpse has been
washed ashore, on which papers referring to a
conspiracy were found. The plot seems to be of
, Muratist origin..

News has arrived from Tripoli, under the date of
the 18th September, stating that Turkey having
neglected to send the money to pay the troops, a
battalion whose pay was in arrear had revolted,
and made an attempt to bring over the other
troops. The mutineers have been put in irons.
While these events were taking place the Euro-
peans sought refuge at their respective consulates.

The Governor, after order was re-established,
demanded reinforcements.

The following telegram was received at Mr,
Reuter's office, this day, at 5.10 a.m. :

"PARIS, SATURDAY.

" The Moniteur of this day publishes a decree,
prolonging the measures applicable to the impor-
tation of cereals (deniees alimentaires) until Sept.,
1859.

"His Imperial Highness Prince Jerome Napoleon
has arrived at Dresden."

A Paris letter, in the Independance of Brussels,
says :—" The news of the concession of a place for
forming a coal depot on the coast of Algeria to the
Russian Steam Navigation Company is positive,
but the same has taken place on the coast of Bar-
bary and of Egypt. The fact, indeed, would not
be worthy of remark were it not that it coincides
with the affair of Villafranca, and the personal
relations newly established between the Emperor
of Russia and the French Prince."

AUSTRALIA.
LARGE ARRIVAL OF GOLD.

The Black Ball clipper Ocean Chief, which left
Melbourne on the 15th of July, with 48,000 ounces
of gold, valued at £200,000, was off Liverpool yes-
terday afternoon, and expected to arrive during the
night in the Mersey. She also brings 120 passen-
gers and a large cargo.
The White Star clipper Sultana, which left Mel-
bourne on the 24th of June, whose arrival in the
Mersey we announced yesterday, brought 40,350
ounces of gold, valued at £160,000, and 115 pas-
sengers. The cargo of the Sultana included 700
bales of wool, 5,500 bags and 1,140 casks of cop-
per, and 52 casks of tallow.

FRANCE.

PARIS, FRIDAY.

The Grand Duke Constantine is shortly ex-
pected in the Mediterranean with some of the
ships-of-war wider his command.
Fuad Pasha, the Turkish Ambassador, had an
audience yesterday of the Emperor at St. Cloud.
It is stated as certain that the Emperor of Rus-
sia has been invited by Prince Napoleon to visit
France, and has accepted the invitation, and that
both London and Paris will be honoured with his
presence next spring. Moreover, it would appear
that Prince Napoleon has been invited to return
with the Czar to St. Petersburg and Moscow.

General Renault, Governor-General ad interim
of Algeria, has addressed the following general
order of the da-f to the army, dated Head-quarters,
Algiers, 23d ult. :—" Officers and soldiers of the
army of Africa—Marshal Randon lately obtained
the authorisation of the Emperor to return to
France. Circumstances not having allowed his
bidding. you farewell at the moment when he left,
he wished me to be the interpreter of his feelings
towards you. I will therefore draw a rapid sketch
of the services which you have rendered under his
skilful command, in order that you may preserve
the remembrance of him who has been your leader
for the last seven years. You have subdued the
South by your discipline and incessant activity; and
Kabylia, which had always been able to maintain
its independence, has been compelled to yield before
your perseverance and valour. You have thus
completed the conquest of Algeria. In imitation
of the Roman soldiers, you have, after the victory,
laid aside your arms in order to occupy yourselves
with the works necessary to consolidate your con-
quests and prepare the prosperity of the country.
Those fortified posts which have been everywhere
raised, and those roads which intersect the country
in all directions, testify to your patriotic de-
votedness ; and at this very moment you are
eagerly engaged in tracing out the railways which
will open a new era to the colony. History will
render an account of the striking services which
you have rendered, and it will say that, in the army
of Africa, the qualities which make a good soldier
arc united to the virtues of the citizen. Soldiers !
before delivering up the command in chief, with
which I had been provisionally invested, into the
hands of the general whose eminent services and
the confidence of the Emperor hav&placed at your
head, I also de4ire to thank you on my own account
for the eager and loyal co-operation I have always
found in you. During the 20 years I have passed
among you, I have shared in your fatigues and
your dangers. I have been your companion in suc-
cess, and I atr happy to proclaim I have always
found intact in your ranks those old traditions of
discipline, honour, courage, and abnegation, which
constitute the force of armies. Preserve religiously
your devotion to your colours ; remain always what
you have hitherto been, and you will continue to
merit the confidence of your chiefs, and the kind
consideration of our Emperor."
PARIS BOTTRSE, Oct. 1, Two o'Clock.—This
being settling day for the Rente, there was a great
quantity of titles delivered, but money is so abun-
dant that the rates of continuation did not exceed
271 and 30. Threes have been done at 73f. 50c.
and 73f. 30c, for the present Account, and at 73f.
75c. to 73f. 60c. for end of October. The market

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