The Sun.
London, England, 1867-11-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 1867.

some remarks on the situation, which do not seem to
have been very favourably received. The _ltalie con-
tradicts the assertion that General DE LA MARMORA
has come to Paris for the purpose of arranging a
common intervention in the Papal States, and
declares that his purpose is to hasten a solution of
the difficulties of the present moment, and to do
away with the serious inconvenience and peril they
occasion. The France of last evening declares that
the " honour of Fi ance" will be deeply wounded
by such an occurrence as the Italian troops going
into the Pontifical territories. This sounds very
alarming, no doubt, but it would be paying a very
poor compliment to the French to think that
they would put such an interpretation upon
upon their allies fulfilling their part of a Conven-
tion which was drawn up by both countries. The
Moniteur speaks very differently, and denies some
of the unfavourable reports in circulation. While
we cannot affect to be indifferent as to the danger
that exists, or unmindful of the responsibilities that
rest upon those who conduct this affair, we may
hope, not without reason, that some happy in-
fluences may finally triumph over the
doubts and uncertainties that abound in
the affair. In the first place, the Emperor
NAPOLEON cannot possibly wish for a war with
Italy, and his opinion must naturally sway events a
goof deal ; in the next the course pursued by King
VICTOR EMMANUEL gives us no reason to believe
that he will allow anything to be construed into an
affront that the French may do in the furtherance
of their mission in Italy. Last, but not least, it may
be supposed that GARIBALDI will learn reason,
and, in the face of the mighty perils that sur-
round his cherished country, will consent to the
sacrifice of his purpose, and give up at least for the
present his endeavours to reach Rome as a con-
queror. The September Convention will have to
be considered when these more urgent affairs are
settled but first and foremost it will be necessary
to come to some decision or other about the state
of Rome. One thing is certain, that peace cannot
long be maintained in any form with two armies
near each other, which with insurrectionary bands
as well, is the real difficulty.

The arrival of the Cuba, with intelligence from
New York on the 22nd ultimo, does not bring us
much news of importance. Thanks to the agency
of the Atlantic cable, there is little news left for the
mails to bring. We now look to them for the am-
plification or correction of the more hurried intelli-
gence sent by the submarine messenger. We learn
by the mail that the elections in Virginia began on
the 22nd of October, and that the Conservatives,
being greatly encouraged by the recent Democratic
gains, were manifesting unexpected interest in them.
However, the telegram of nine days' later tells
us that tho Radicals have carried the Virginia and
Georgia elections. What majorities they had
are not stated, but it is probable they have been
considerably reduced. Thanks to the registration
system, which has so largely increased the number
of negro voters, the Democratic party are less likely
to gain ground in the Southern States than in the
North, although their policy is rather Southern
than Northern. It would be unreasonalle to expect
that the negroes would not vote for the Radicals
who are so loudly advocating their interests, and
with whom confiscation of the planters' estates is a
common topic. It would need far wiser and better
educated men than the majority of the recently-
emancipated negroes to realise the true state of the
case, and to estimate at their intrinsic value the pro-
fessions of their Radical advisers. Negroes in the
North might better appreciate the worth of that
partisanship ; but iu the Southern States the negroes
are many, the Radicals arc few, and come there, for
the most part, for the express purpose of influencing
them. The whites with whom they are surrounded,
however cruelly they may have formerly abused
their power, do not shrink from association with
them, and consequently the negro who has spent
his life on a Southern plantation may -well be
excused for ignoring the fact that in those Northern
cities which he has been taught to consider
a Paradise of freedom and equality a stronger
line of demarcation separates white and black than
in the South.

Judge KELLEY, a prominent Radical member of
Congress, has been making a speech at Phil-
adelphia, in which he advocated the nomination of
General GRANT to the Presidency, and declared the
General to be fully in accord with Congress, a
statement concerning which some reasonable doubts
may be entertained. The sight of a judicial
authority taking part in the angry contentions of
political life is a strange one to EnglisLmen, and it
is undoubtedly one of the wisest checks pro-
vided by the English constitution that they
are not allowed to do so. In America
the excitement of a contested election carries every-
thing away with it—ministers of religion and
officers of public justice alike. The effect can hardly
fail to be most damaging to public morality, most
injurious to the independence and integrity of such
authorities themselves, besides lessening alike the
weight of their personal influence and the dignity
of their position in the eyes of the populace. The
Southern elections are so little reliable, thanks to
the confused and artificial position of the people,
that General MOWER'S statement that the Louisiana
election has been decided in favour of the Conven-
tion, must be accepted with some degree of reserve.
There is intelligence from Mexico and from South
America, neither being of a very satisfactory cha-
racter. Admiral TEGETHOFF has been forced to
relinquish his endeavour to obtain the body of the
murdered EMPEROR, and the revolution in Peru is
assuming serious proportions.

The Special Commission at Manchester has had
a painful duty to perform, but there is little doubt
that they have performed it justly and conscien-
tiously. It is always an unwelcome thing in this
country to condemn men to severe penalties for
political offences, and though the extravagant
theorists who carry their hatred to all constituted
authority, so far as to espouse actively the cause of
Fenianism, arc happily very few and influential in
this country, the feeling of classes has been
throughout the whole affair in favour of
mercy and indulgence; and in this feeling
they have been fully supported by both the late and
present Governments. Probably io no other coun-
try would so much leniency have been shown to
the instigators and the promoters of a dangerous
and treasonable insurrection. It is not the fault of
the British authorities if the Feni.kns have refused to
profit by the mercy shown them, and after having
escaped unexpectedly tha consequences of their
crimes in the sister island, have outraged the laws
and destroyed life and property in a district in
which they cannot even pretend to be dis-
affected with the national administration. It
has been felt from the first that it would be
necessary to punish the offenders at Manchester
with full severity, and if political theories are to be
allowed to justify murder no one's life would be
safe, and no laws can be upheld. The sentencing

of five men to death is happily an unwonted thing
in England, and, no doubt, many will regret that it
has been found necessary to do so. At the same
time those who are influenced by the impassionel
appeals of the prisoners and their advocates should

remember that the evidence left no room for any
other decision ; and they will do well also, instead
of wasting their sympathy on men who, but for
their own rash and wicked conduct, might now be
in the full enjoyment of life and liberty, to spare
some regret for those who have been struck down
in the sober fulfilment of every-day duty. It is of
such men as Sergeant BRETT that real heroes and
pAtriots are made, not of Fenians and their fellows.

CORRESFONDENOE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORESPONDENT.)
PAras, Friday Evening.

The despatch of yesterday from Florence an.

nouncing that the Italian troops bad passed the
frontier to occupy several points of the Pontifical
territory is confirmed to-day, and this is almost the
only point of information from Italy. Detach-
ments were sent towards Civita Cestellana, Ur: e,
Acquapendente, and Frosinone. The regular troops
of Victor Emmanuel, to the number of 45,000 men,
are said to have taken possession of Rome.
The attention of all politicians is turned towards
Prussia. There is great contradiction in the sup-
positions and reports of the Paris papers iu regard
to her. While some talk of her considering a
certain turn of affairs as a case of war, as I men-
tioned yesterday, others copy a report that M. de
Goltz, the Prussian Ambassador, has unequivocally
declared to the Marquis de Moustier that Prussia
will not, in any case, interfere with the affairs of
Italy. Be this as it may, I believe that the most
perfect accord exists between the French and
Italian Governments. I mention this, because some
papers deny the fact. Garibaldi is stated to be at
Villa Spada at the head of 5,000 Volunteers.
Pontifical troops, 14,000 strong, are concentrated,
a portion in the interior of the town, and the
rest at the gates. The bastion is furnished with
cannon.

From Naples it is stated that the Pontifical ar-
tillery of Mont Pincio and the chateau St. Auge
bad opened a murderous ire against Menotti Gari-
baldi, without however doing much injury, in con-
sequence of the very elevated position which he
occupied. The troops of Velletri and Frosinone
had been recalled to Rome by telegraph.
One of the reports to-day is that France intends
again to propose a Congress to settle the Roman
question and the affairs of Italy generally.
You will see by this brief summary that there is
a remarkable dearth of authentic news, and indeed
there is nothing of miscellaneous interest afloat. If
there were no one would pay any attention to it,
for on this day, All Saints Day, it is the custom for
the Parisians to repair to the Cemeteries to pay a
tribute of respect to their dead relatives, and depose
immortelles over their tombs. Never was such
a mass of people seen at Pere le Chaise as were
there to-day, and probably the crowds at Mont-
martre were equally numerous. It might have been
supposed that no Parisian was left to repair to the
Exhibition, but there also thousands upon thousands
were to be seen. The Pont de Jena was almost
impassable. The weather, no doubt, had much
influence in producing this result. Novemb,T for
once has forgotten its traditions of fog, cold, and
gloom. This has been in every respect a day of
June. The heat in the sun was really oppressive.
In addition to the crowds in all directions all the
churches have been filled. To-morrow is the day
generally observed as that for visiting the dead--
the fête des morts, but, as above stated, the affluence
at the cemeteries to-day was enormous.
The Marquis de Galliffet, who was wounded in
his duel with Prince Murat, is now quite recovered,
and bas left Paris for Clermont Ferrand to resume
the command of the Regiment of Hussars, of which
he is colonel.

The Emperor of Austria exhibits great activity.
The day before yesterday he reviewed the Turcos,
who form his Regiment of Honour. lie then went
to the curious exhibition of arms and artillery in the
Place St. Thomas d'Aguin. In the evening there
was a family dinner at the Elysec, and the Emperor
afterwards went to the Italian Opera. The Em-
peror of Austria is said to have appointed the
Emperor Napoleon colonel of an Austrian regiment.
The Emperor of Russia and the Emperor Napoleon
are the only sovereigns not German who enjoy this
distinction, which is purely honorary.

A man named Jean Dimatiehe, born in Hungary
in 1753 or 1754, has just died at Peage de Rous-
sillou in the department of Isere, who was thus 114
years old. Eighty years ago this old man followed
the trade of shoeing horses at St. Rambert d'Albou.
He then went to Roussillon, where he made tocls
to pierce wood, and earned sufficient money to pur-
chase a life annuity, which has been paid to him for
mnre than 50 years. A generous individual of the
locality paid the expenses of a handsome funeral.
The old man had no infirmity, and he died without
having been ill, in the full possession of all his
faculties, mental and bodily.
Monseigneur Benaglia, Bishop of Lxii, last week
entered into his hundredth year. His mental
faculties
n hisltiiesyouth. He
areinfull vigour, indeed in greater power
than manages all the affairs of his
diocese himself, and his memory never leaves him.
He fulfils all his Pontifical duties, even the most
fatiguing ; and, contrary to advice, does not take
sufficient rest and precaution required by his great
age. He reads and writes without using spectacles.
Monseigneur Benaglia has been Bishop for 30 years.
He is the oldest Bishop of the Episcopacy in re-
gard to years. In reference to ordination, the
oldest is the Bishop of Vercelli, who was ordained
in 1818.

The boy of 14, Lagruarie, who murdered his
master under very artful and terrible circumstances,
which I described at the time, has been tried and
convicted by the Court of Assize for the department
of Dordogne. His life is spared in consideration of
his youth, and he was sentenced to 20 years' im-
prisonment, and to be under the surveillance of the
police for ten years.
Among the grand fetes in honour of the Emperor
was a grand family dinner given by the Prince and
Princess de Metternich. Only 34 guests were pre-
sent, including Baron Rothschild and other Aus-
trians of high distinction. The house of the
ambassador is one of the most splendid in Paris.
The Princess Metternich is passionately fond of
flowers, and the fete might have been called the
fete of roses, so abundant and so beautiful was the
collection which ornamented and perfumed the
apartments. One of the saloons contains a remark-
able and ancient valuable—an immense table orna-
ment, given by the Emperor Napoleon the First to
the diplomatist, the father of the present Prince.
As to the dinner, it was sumptuous in the extreme,
with viands and delicacies cooked with curious
cunning and ingenuity. Fruits of surpassing rich-
ness and flavour figured at the dessert. Rhenish
wines, Johannisberg and Tokay, in magnificent
Bohemian glasses, were served in ample quantities,
and report says that his Austrian Majesty did full
justice to them.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, Friday Evening.

At the Commission Court to-day Warren was
convicted of treason-felony. The sentence was
deferred.

Three men, named Francis M'Cabe, Thomas
Cooney, and Peter M'Donnell, were arrested to play
at a public-house in Marlborough-street. M'Cabe
was showing two revolvers to the other two men.
He was dressed in the Anictican style. Ammuni-
tion was found on his person. Ile is said to answer
the description of the man who shut the two police-
men. They are still alive.
The Deegans are remanded till to-morrow.

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LATEST INTELLIGENCE,

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

----• -..---.. f.-

THE ROMAN QUESTION.
FLORENCE, Nov. 1.

General Mcnabrea has addressed the following
circular to the Italian diplomatic agents abroad,
dated 30111 October :

" The September Conven+ifm, in stirulating upon
the one band the evacuation of the Pontifical terri-
tory by the French troops, imposed at the same time
upon Italy obligations which are heavy and very
difficult of fulfihnent. We, however, accepted them
with the sincere and absolute desire to use every
effort to secure their being observed. Contrary to
the laws, and notwithstanding the reiterated
declarations of the Government, several bands have
succeeded in penetrating into the provinces of the
Pontifical States by eluding the surveillance of the
troops. But in consequence of the topographical
configuration of the territory, the considerable ex-
tent of the line which it was necessary to guard, and
taking into account the right of every citizen to
travel without hindrance, you may conceive that it
was an absolute impossibility for the corps of ob-
servation to successfully prevent such occurrences.
The difficulties of the matter did not certainly es-
cape the penetration of the high contracting
Powers when they signed the Convention. It will
be remembered that the time fixed for the execution
of this arrangement was precisely established at a
time when a conciliation might have taken place
between the Holy See and Italy, or at least a mocha
vivendi might have been arrived at between adjoin.
ing Governments which would have rendered reci-
procal relations possible. This hope has been de-
ceived, not indeed because the Government of the
King omitted aught which could have tended
towards the attainment of this aim, but be-
cause it always met with resistance from the Holy
See, or even sometimes her censures for having pro-
mulgated necessary laws. It is therefore not sur-
prising if the crisis which we regret has now taken
place. The Government of the Emperor, in a do-
cument published in the Moniteur, declared that
the intervention of the French troops has no object
of an hostile character towards Italy, and that the
Imperial Government did not intend by any means
to renew an occupation the entire gravity of which
it fully estimates.

" The King's Government, while highly appre-
ciating these declarations, cannot yet feel convinced
that actual circumstances renlered an act of this
character necessary.
" The Imperial Government cannot bat be aware
that the September Convention was concluded
especially with a view to place the Holy See in the
usual position of all other principalities, which
should themselves provide for their own safety.
One may, in truth, assert that the spirit of the
Convention has not always been observed in this
respect; but, be this as it may, it is a fact that the
troops enrolled by the Pontifical Government have
sufficed for the defence of their flag. But al-
though they :thus fulfilled the object assigned
to them, the Imperial Government, despite
our reiterated observations and protestations,
judged otherwise, and desired to intervene. The
formal declarations we have recently made that
we would do our utmost to prevent the invasion of
the varied bands—declarations which we have ful-
filled —have unhappily not sufficed to change so
grave a resolution.
"Public opinion in Italy is deeply moved, and if
the population has not been carried away to acts of
gravity, it is because the majority are wise, and be-
cause the country is accustomed to have full con-
fidence in the Government of a faithful King, who
guards, and will ever guard, their honour at the
coot of any s tcriace whatever.
" We have con.ulted the exigencies of our dig-
nity and of our interests. The Government, con-
sequently, has had to take upon itself the serious
responsibility of ordering the troops to cross the
frontier.

" This step can by no means be considered by
France as a hostile act. Occupying a few points
in the Papal territory, the Royal troops are in-
structed to gain the goodwill and reasiure the
minds of the inhabitants, and to re-establish
quiet among the agitated population, which ad-
dresses itself from all sides to the King's Govern-
ment, invoking its protection. The troops have
orders to everywhere respect the established autho-
rity and municipalities, and to act in such manner
as to avoid any conflict likely to give rise to sub-
sequent complications.
"The situation created by the September Conven-
tion having been altered by the intervention of the
Imperial troops, the King's Government required
to guard its rights by placing itself in an identical
position with that of the other contracting Power,
and thus be able to open fresh negotiations on a
footing of perfect equality. Let us form earnest
vows that these negotiations may lead to a defini-
tive solution, which, while satisfying the legitimate
national aspiration, may at the same time secure
to the Chief of the Church the dignity and inde-
pendence necessary for the accomplishment of its
divine mission."

FLORENCE, Nov. 1, 11 p.m.

The Official Gazette of this evening alknounces
that several Pontifical soldiers, who have taken
refuge upon Italian territory, have been transferred
to Spezzia, whence they will be at liberty to return
to their homes.

The Opinione states that Garibaldi has refused
to comply with the request to withdraw, and is
fortifying his position at Monte Rotondo.
The same paper asserts that Austria has adhered
verbally in principle to the proposal of France to
call together a conference upon the Roman ques-
tion England and Prussia are said to support the
principle of non-intervention. Russia would re-
serve her decision until France had stated the ques-
tions that would be laid before the Conference.

Tho Pi forma says that Velletri bas voted by
plebiscitum for incorporation with Italy by 4,037
votes. Not a single vote was recorded against the
proposal.

BERLIN, Nov. 2.

Baron Rothschild, of Frankfort; will, it is said,
be nominated a member of the Upper House of the
Prussian Diet as a mark of the King's confidence.

THE BRAZILIAN AND RIVER PLATE
MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, NoV. 2,

The Royal Mail Company's steamship Outida,
Cape. Leeds, with the above mails, has arrived.
She brings 43 passengers, £62,203 specie, seven
packages diamonds, value not stated, also 638 bales
cotton, 410 barrels tapioca, 50 barrels arrowroot,
100 half chests oranges, 22 casks wine, 2,216 bags
coffee, and 183 packages sundries.

The Oneida experienced strong northerly winds
to Pernambuco, then light S.E. trades to 4 N., light
head winds from St. Vincent to Lisbon, thence to
Southampton similar weather.

Her 'Majesty's ships Egmont, Narcissus, Nassau,
and Sharpshooter were at Rio de Janeiro.

BUENOS AYRES, Sept. 26.
The Paraguayan war still drags along. The

position of the army is in no way changed. The
ironclad fleet rats at anchor between Humaita and
Curupaita. The Brazilians hold the Grau Chaco,
and maintain easy communication with their fleet,
although by water the Curupaity fortress cuts them
off. The bulk of the allied army is at Tuyu-Cue,
under President Mitre. -Port Alegre holds his
ground at Tuyuti, and Lopez, with his forces, is in
his encampment at Humaita.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.—This Day.

COMMENCEMENT OF TERM.

To-day being the commencement of Michaelmas
Term the Judges of the Superior Courts of West-
minster breakfasted with the Lord Chancellor at his
private residence, Eaton-square. There were also
present the leading Queen's counsel of the Chan-
cery and Common Law bats.

At half-past one the Justices, headed by the Lord
Chancellor in his state robes, arrived at Westmin-
ster Hall, and proceeded to their respective courts,
which were shortly afterwards opened with the
usual formalities.