The Sun.
London, England, 1858-05-26 00:00:00

EVENING, MAY 26, 1858.

LATEST NE WS.

MALTA, MAY 25.

The Wanderer steam gunboat has been des-
patched to. Gibraltar to' order the Renown and
Racoon, on their way from England, to remain at
Gibraltar, it being reported that several of the
many steam liners assembled at Toulon are about
to make a demonstration against Morocco.
The Dutchman has arrived with the second
division of the 3d Buffs.

TRIESTE, MAY 25.

A despatch has been received hero which says :
Lord Elgin has declared to the merchants of
Shanghai that ho will persist in his demands upon
the CLinese Government, and will maintain thna
by force of arms, if necessary, before Pekin.
The fleet under Lord Lyons has entered the
Adriatic.

SARDINIA.
TURIN, MAY 21.
Count CAvour yesterday concludi d the remark-
able speech he ccmmenced on the travious
day. Its delivery occupied more than five
hours, being almost the whole of two days' sittings
of the Chamber. Tue speech of yesterday is cer-
greatest efforts. Owing to its
greattainYerovnaeroief his
f subject, it will probably be
pre-
ferred
bY
most
persons to that in the Deforesta
debate.

On resuming his speech yesterday Count Cavour
examined whether it were possible, by any great
reform of the administrative system, to restore the
financial equilibrium and do without the loan.
Glancing at the different departments, at the mode
of keeping accounts, and at the administration of
ho gave h 1,- reaetaue ror tritasaieg that, no
saving could be effected in them. As regards the
salaries of public servants, you are doubtless aware
that they are extremely low here, especially thole
of the higher clashes. A Cabinet Minister gets only
GOO/. a year. I believe Count Cavour has never
drawn his salary. I suspect that the lower classes of
employes are inadequately paid, and that it would be
better to have fewerof them, to pay th •rn more, and
to make them work harder. This par parenthese.
Count Cavour then came to the army, and said
jocosely that when the Minister of Finance his col-
league of the War Department yearly eau ed him
great vexation, proposing new expenses o pro-
mote its efficiency ; that employes of. that depart-
ment are constantly at work to devise means of
economising ; -that when the fortifications and bar-
racks now in,progress should be complete, fresh
extraordinary expenses were not to be anticipated,
but that, if the army were to bemaintained in good
organisation, the present ordinary military budget
must be submitted to. After showing that in the
Home Department very little could be cu
down, he combated by financial calculations, the
' gloomy predictions of Signor A. Costa and others.
He stated the public debt of Sardinia at
725,000,000 (29,000,000/. sterling), inclusive of the
loan now demanded. Admitting this to be a
serious sum fora small country, he will maintained
that it was by no means excessive in proportion to
the weal, lr of the kingdom, and proved this by com-
parison with tlie deb of some other European
States. He was ready to admit, however, that it
was necessary to put a stop to extraordinary ex-
penditure. While Minister of Finance, he said, if
he had been too ready, as some D3,,u!-,ics acctia:d
him of having been, to go into great enterprises, it
must be owned that these bad all been of a highly
utilitarian nature. There had been no new palaces
or merely decorative and ornameneal works, no un-
productive expenditure, except that for the war in
the E Ist, which he believed to have b en also
highly productive. He would beg the Chamber
and individu Deputies to be mere mode-
rate in proposing fresh expenditure, and the Minis-
ters, on their part, would be cautious in eutering
upon it. He did not foresee a necessity for further
extraordinary expenses, and believed the equili-
brium might be re-established. He then replied
'o the general charges brought by Signori Cow a,
Delcareto, and Camburzano, who had sweepingly
declared that the country was on the dectne ; that
the taxes absorbed not only the savings but part of
the capital of the nation; that the Government hal
committed grave economical errors ; that industry
was ruined, emigration on the increise property
fallhag in value, and that commercial catastrophes
were occurring. In answer to these wholesale ac-
cusations, he first pointed out that emigration does
not indica,e the impoverishment of a country, that
there isgreat annual emigration from England, and
even from the United Stites. Headentted, however,
that the vine disease, by the misery it bad
caused, had produced a special emigration, by
destroying the whole produce of the sod in some
districts, and so reducing entire families to misery.
As to the decrease in the value of immovable
property, he explained it by the increase, since '4B,
in industry and commerce, which had ditnini:alied
the amount of capital employed in agricultural
pursuits. _Belo, e '4B, land was a niere coveted in-
-ve,tinent, and more capital was expended upon it..
He admitted that there had been commercial dis-
asters, but they had been fewer here than in other
commercial places of Europa and America ; and,
considering the heavy losses suffered by the tr.tdo
of Sardinia, ho wondered they had not b era much
more atinn roils. Tuose disasters and the dim-nu
tion in the indirect taxes had had the same grave
causes. He ref-rred to the failure of the silk crop,
the exaggerated prices to which that commodity
was driven up by the holders, and the collaps o
anti ruinous fall occasioned by the American crisis
—the StaCes being the largest market for the
silks of Lyons and Northern Italy. He estimated
the losses of the Piedmontese silk trade at
20,000,000 f., and said that the few failures that had
occurred proved how so:id and prudent that trade
was. With res;,ect to the economical decline, he
referred to the results of the census, showing an
increased population. - According to the census
taken on the 31st of December,-1837, the pupula-
tion of the Sardinian Srat's is 5,056,672. An exact
comparison with the census of 1818 cannot yet be
made, because another system had been followed ;
in 1848 Sardinian subjects absent from the counry
had been included. Even with this difference the
increase is 177,000, which would be 250,000, were
allowance made for the absent es ; anti between
1848 argil 1837 there were ware acid epidemics.
In. France, from 1846 to 1851, the increase
was only 281,000 ; from 1851 to 1836,
257,000. The increase of population in Sardinia
had been concurrent with a rise in the price
of labour. This fact furnishel a demonstration
with respect to the increase of the public riches—
which he thought incontestable. Therate of wages
depends on the proportion between capital and
labour. Then, if while the population increased
wages also increased, it was evident that the social
tarsi al had augmented. . He referriA to the flou-
rishing state of the savings- banks and to the increase
of deposits ; and he then turned to the exhibition
of Sardinian manufactures and produc3 that opened
here the other day, and concerning which I shall
shortly give you a few details. Teat of this year,
be staid, showed, when contra Wed with the last
(1830), an immense progress, both in the number of
exhibitors and in the quality and cheapness of the
articles exposed. In 1850 there were 469 exhibitors;
in 1858 there are 1,325._ Soule branches of indest; y
had been, it might be said, born in the interval—as
regarded Sardinia. The present exhibition, he con-
sidered, was a complete refutation of the stateme tits
of the tulvers tries of Government, arid proved that
Sardinian industry was in a position to support
foreign competition, and had been rendered inure
active by the lowering of the tariff. His concluded
this part of his speech by saying that be thought 1,0
had shown the serious fears expressed on the finan-
cial state of the country to be unfounded ; that lie
did not venture to hope he had upset all the erg,u-
men:s brought against Government, bur, that the
Chamber must decide between Minis!e s, wha be-
lieved their system to have teen advantageous to
the country, and certain Deputies of the
who said they had brought it to the verge of a p-e-
-cipice. "One word on politics," then said M. Ca-
your, and the Chamber redoubled its attention
Certain Deputies have said that their rote was un-
certain by reason of the political considerations involved
in a change cf Ministry. I hal occasion, not lung
since, c'early to explain the direction of the foreign
pokey of this Government. I declared thatonrt
humspcley
was and must be purely national ur purity at
liberal and reformatory. I krow, that some, while ad-
tnitting our foreign policy to be national, bavo doubts
respecting our home policy. Thee, are in an error IN hieh
we might diepel by merely indicating the facts t-f bur
Parliitneutary ; but what we will say is, that thtFo

_ -
persons hir.t at an impossibility-. Ir, is my absolute con-
viction tha', is the actual condition ofP,cdrnont, it

is impossii,ls to have a national and Italian p:licy
abroad if the iriteroal pliny ho not liberal and re-
fmrcing ; as it vvnuld also be impotsible to follow a
liberal and reforming poitcy at home without having
a national aLd policy abroad. If Sou
that vr3 have a national and Italian policy
abroae, you must beleve •41,0 that our internal policy
hi liberal and rc firming. ('Bravo! bravo!') ILThut can hhv j
no doubt about that. We intend to cJiitinue in the

path of reform and of liberty. We cannot say whether
we shall procoA more or lee rapidly, becanio, if there

be no doubt as to the tendelcy mil the am, there as
to the manaer, A though thy; pref;;;nt Minis'erti Lave
Le maDy yars 14 power, tT,P y love ar.d di sire
progress as ritt_nc4„as any member of this Cnam..ner ; but

those who sit in the seat of. office see more clearly the
obstacles and the difficulties that strew the path, and
they know that-perchance, .by two great hurry, they
would augment the dangers to liberty, the impediments
to reform, and even imperil what hag already been won.
It is our intention to administer the affairs of the country
independently of all spirit of party. Outside the field of
politics we shall equally consiler all parties in the Spate.
With respect to material interests, we shall attend to
them for those districts- which return deputies adverse to
the Ministry as z,3alously as for those which send us sup-
porters ; in past years we have made efforts for the Savoy
Railroad ; this year we will endeavour to promote the
road of Savona (` Bravo.') As to those international rela-
tions which are not of a pOlitical nature, we intend t 3
profit by the assistance of all men of genius and capa-
city. This system is already of old standing in our Ad-
ninistration: It was inaugurated in 1851, when; the
country finding itse'f in much more serious financial dif-
ficulties than at present, we were obliged to have re
course to foreign credit. -In those circumstances Deputy
Revel has impugned my economical system ; hut I did
not hesitate to have recourse to his patriotism for the
negotiations respecting the loan, and I have to congra-
tulate myself on having done so, fqr he fulfilled his mis-
sion to the complete satisfaction of the Ministry, and to
the advantage of the country. Nor did any political con-
sequences spring from it ; Deputy Revel did not return
from England more favourable to the Ministerial policy.
(Laughter.)"

Count Cavour then referred to the mission of
Colonel Menabrea, which, I lately mentioned, had
excited, some comment hdre, and said that he was
convinced be tai the Ministry and the country would
hive came to congratulate themselveson the choice
that had been made ; and ho added that, if to-mor-
row the Cabinet were called upon to treat some
serious international question relating to railways,
he would not hesitate to have recourse to the de-
puty then presiding with so much distinction over
the deliberations of the Chamber, and who had
given proof of so much skill in that branch of
science. This reference was to Signor Depreti., of
the Left, oue of the Vice-Presidents of the Cham-
ber, who, the President being unwell, then
then filled the chair. He had faith (he continued)
in the patriotism of his political adversaries, whe-
ther on the Right or on the Left, and should not
scruple to claim their services
not "-question :
This been our policy for many years, and it will
be applied upon occasions in a large field. If to-morrow
the war of independence were to break out, and even
hough the deputies for Savoy, from conscientious mo-
tives, should declare themselves opposed to that war,
the General (turning to Dela Marmora) who would com-
mand the army would not hesitate to place in' the fere-
mist files the generous sons of the brigade of Savoy,
whir on other occasions have shed their blood for the
Italian cause. ('Bravo! bravo.!' and mu-ks of adhesion
and sympa by.) I should bare nothing more to say, bad
cot Deputy Costa finished his moderate discourse by
launching an envenomed dart at the Ministry, He said
that the flattering hopes (lusinghe) of which we hold out a
glimmering to Italy are mere mockeries (atti derisorii),
and that by some they might be interpreted as means of
g )vernrifent. Deputy Costa, in short, charges us with
leaking a means of government of our professions of
nationality and Italianisin. This is a grave and painful
aecusation. I may repel it with the facts of all my
Parliamentary life. 'I will make use, however, but of
one' argument. I will invoke a testimony which can-
not be suspected of partiality even by Deputy Costs. I
think that Deputy Costa would not be sirprisrd were I
to decline the judgment of that press which combats
this. Ministry the utmost. I, nevertheless, will not
invoke that of my political friends, nor the authority
of the Liberal press of Europe, which is almost with-
out exception, favourable to us. I will invoke the
official press beyond the Ticino,. the press of Verona acd
Vienna. Let Deputy Costa observe with what_ senti-
ments the policy of this Ministry inspires that press,
and' then let him say if his' accusation can be well.
founded. (' Bravo ! bravo!') In presence of the im-
mense animosity produced at Verona and Vienna by this
Ministry's declaration of its cletercuination'to follow a
national and Italian policy, you will hesitate befog e
giving a vote which, psihilps, might be il!-intA•preted
beyond the Ticlui, since -it woul I !lave the applause of
those who certainly have no favourers in this assembly."
Count Cavour eat down amidst loud cheers.
After a rec ification. by Signor Costa, the President
declared that it was Deputy Sineo's turn to speak.
This much-dreaded deputy rose, and commenced
his discourre by a far fetched parallel between the
Cavour Cabinet and Scheheraz tde. The Chamber
laughed at him and began to run away. It was the
exact realisation of Pasquino's recent caricature.
Before he had spoken for three minutes the 150
deputies were reduced to 50. These rapidly has-
tened away, the reporters closed their notebooks,
and Sineo, for want of audience or chroniclers, was
fain to hold his peace and depart.

In yesterday's sitting of the Chamber it was pro-
posed to make holiday on Monday and Tuesday, as
many Deputies would be absent for the open.ng of
the Acqui Railway. The suggestion was opposed
by SigrL.r ostL de 132auregard. On the proposal
of the President of the Cnarnber a middle course
was ad rptel. The debate on the loan is supeuded
until Thursday, but the Chamber will meet to-.
morrow and the two following days, and take into
considera•ion the reports cf the Commission for
Inquiring into Elections. Many of the Deputies
are evidently deeisa us of two or three days' holi-
day, and as a considerable number intend going
to Acqui, it is possible that no house may be made
to-morrow. Tills matter settled, Count Cavour
rose to reply to one or two points of Signor
Casarett )'s speech of the preceding day. He was
glad to find, he said, that Signor Otis ar etto, as one
well skilled in maritime afftirs, recognised that, in
that respect, the present Government's system of
taxation was not burdensome. He entered iret
some details with respect to the outlay made by
Government for works advantage/US and useful to
the commercial marine. When Deputy Casaretto,
ho said, h:d passed in review the public works that
had been proposed and approved (demanding, at the
same time, the abaudiannent or suspension of nearly
all of them) why had he not spoken of the sums voted
for the part of Genoa ? The State is now paying
more than it derives from the taxes on, navigation.
For the port of Genoa 700,000 f. have been spent
this year... He (Cavour) was far from wishing to
diminish the sum ; on the contrary, he would op
pose any proposition in that sense ; but these also
were expenses that swelled the passive side of the
budge`. The Minister continued :
"It is a pleasant office to advocate great works, like
the maritime association of Genoa, which petitions the
Chamber, anti then to come here and mourn' over the
im nensity of those works and the deficiency of means.
The Ministers are to have the unpopularity of struggling
energetically, in Parliament and in the Ministerial
saloons, against the demands for new works ; then a
fresh unpopularity for insisting on those expanses which
were voted. The position of Ministers is really too plea.
sant, and it was quite necessary that Signor Sine() should
try to temper its sweetness with a draconian law on
Ministerial responsibility."
Count Cavour then proceeded to say that the ques-
tion of the maritime arsenal of Spezia had been.
subjec ed to a new examination, and that the Go-
vernment recognised that the transfer of the navy
from Genoa thence had two objects-1. To pro-
vide a convenient station for the Sardinian ships of
war, since the port of Genoa could not contain
them even in their present number, and still less
could it do so when the two • large frigates now
building should be finished. The wet dock could
a;tcorrinnodate but one frigate, and in the port the
ships of war would be greatly in the way of the
merchant vessels. This he could state on the au-
thority of Signor Casaretto himself, wlto had been
recently charged by the ;Genoese Chamber of
Conma?rce to remonstrate with Government on the
subject. It was neither prudent nor safe to send
the men of war to the new pier, and
hence the necessity of providing a place for
them. It was also necessary to give instruc-
tion to the crews, and this was impossible in the
po:t of Genoa. The Ministry considered it of Ca-
pital importance to make of Spezia a strategical
point, in case of war, whether by land or sea. But
these objects might be ola'aincd without a marine
arsenal. It was, however, neccssary to complete
the fortiEcatiOns projected b.th on the land and
on the sea side. The arsenal, would 1).3 more
convenient at Spezia than at Genoa, but it had
not a character of urgency. Finally, the Govern-
ment saw no inconvenience in announcing to
the Chamber that it was disposed to postpone
indefinite 4 the works for the construction of the
arsenal. Their estimated cos-. might, therefore
be struck out of the budgets of 1857, 1858,'
and 1859, thus doing away with a sum of 6,000,000
francs. On the other hand, if it were deemed indis-
pensable to make Spezia the basis of naval opera-
tions, it must not be forgotten that Ganoais the prin-
cipal point ef defence. Count Cavour felt convinced
that a hostile fleet would hesitate to attack Genoa
if there were a Sardinian fleet at Spezia, much more
than if this were in the port of Genoa itself. If
the old Government, which had sent many millions
in fortifying Genoa on the land s.de, had devoted
some of them t r fortifications on the sea side; it
would have rendered an immense seivice to the
State. It would, therefore, be necessary to ask a
credit to improve the fortifications of Geno t on the
st a face, and to create new means of defence. All
the military Deputies would certainly approve this.
The Minister. of Marine would present, therefore,
in a few days, a project ht!ik ing cut the sum allotted
to the marine arsenal, postponing it to better times,
and propcsing a credit for the improvament of the
fortific :thins of Gcnoa, to create new bat.er:e3, i ni
for the edifices necessary at Spezia. On the one
hand 10,000,000 f. would be diminished, on the
other 2,000,000 f. would demanded. "I rape de"
said Cavour, "my profound conviction that the
fortification of Spezia is a matter of al selute and
urgent n cessity. '- (Sensation in the Chamber.)
In conclusion, Count Cavour said he would
commun cats to the Chamber a fact which had.
reference to .this discussion. Thereupon the
Chamber, which, loweTer multi it may altaok and

try to thwart Cavour's policy, always listens to him
with profound attention, pricked up its ears
" Yesterday (said Cavour) as I was leaving this house
pre-occupied by many thoughts, I accidentally met an
engineer—our former colleague (Signor Sommeillei),
whom the electors of Savoy have forgotten, notwith-
standing that he ever sho sed himself a steady partisan
of liberal opinions, and g ho has taken advantage of that
) oblivion to devote a 1 his time and energy to a work
which will honour not only himself but his ungrateful
country. (Murmurs and sensation on the Right.) I
questioned him as to what he had been doing during the
many months we had not met. He replied, with a smile
(well for him that he did not hear the speech of Deputy
Casaretto), 'I have just returned from B:ussels, where
I have c nnpleted the arrangements for the machinery
for the traforo (the. Mont Cells tunnel), and with im-
provements that will save expense while increasing
efficacy. Instead of 1,500,0001., only 1,000,0001. will be
necessary.' He then told me th it he had found himself
in contact with many scientific men, French and others,
and that all approved his project as well founded. And
I do not understand how the Deputies for Genoa can
have such small faith in engineers who were the first in
Europe to vanquish with locomotives a gradient of more
than 3 per cent. It seems to roe that they do not deserve
to be treated as Utopians. (Bravo 1 Great attention.)
And if they say that the tunnel will be made with
20,000,000., and in seven years, why speak of
60,000,000 f., and of—•I know not how many-50 or 60
years? (Casaretto—l spoke only of millions.) Ah 1 the
kin. deputy spoke only of mi;lions. (In his speech of
the previous day Casaretto bad said that the Mont
CoSnis tank 1 would cost psrbaps 100,000,000 f.)
Then he told me another fact, which wade a painful im-
pression upon me. He told me that, after long corre-
spondence, he was about to eonc:ade an engagement
with one of the principal railway engineers, who has
the suprenie direction of the Spani4l railroads, a con-
tract to construct by his system 25,000 meters of tunnel.
' This news was a painful shock to me. If the .words of
my adversaries on the right and left should make an
impression on the n ajority of the Chamber, and if the
susrension of the works should be voted, I thought of
the conseque ices ; I thought that I ought to turn to
von and say, If you follow the counsels of deputies A.
Costa and Casaretto, of the deputies of the right, and,
perhaps, of the deputies from Savoy, history will stamp
us with that blame which still, after the lapse of four
centuries, obscures the glory cf Genoa—(Murmurs on
tho s.s,ssose right and lat. Cries of Yes ' Yes
from the centre)—which constrained the great Colum-
bus to quit his native shores, and to beg from a foreign
potentste the means of carrying out the sublime enter-
prise confided to him by Providence." (Applause.)
After a speech from Signor Giuglanetti,.the Re-
porter of the Committee on the Loan, and some
further cmversation, Count Revel postponed speak-
ing until Thursday next, and the Chamber rose.
With respect to the silk trade and crop I have
nozhing new to mention. The weather has become
warmer, and the prospect of successfully rearing the
worm is, therefore, improved. As yet, however,
in this country, the worms have reached only the
second stage, and the fourth must arrive before
_anything like a well-grounded calculation can be
ventured as to the results of the crop. Meanwhile,
there have been some orders from Lyons, and daily
sates have been made, without fall in prices. The
ho'ders are not anxious to sell, as they consider
a scanty crop prob ible, some of the accounts from
abroad being unfavourable. In Lombardy most of
the worms are in the third sage, and look well.
From the province of Verona, where the abundance
of mulber.y 1 lives is great, the accounts are very
good, The foreign eggs imported, of which the
highest eulogiums are made, are those from Carniola
and the north of Turkey,