The Sun.
London, England, 1867-03-04 00:00:00

IHE SUN, WM ON. MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 4 1867

SHE NEXT EXHIBITION.

All accounts agree that the Great Exhibition
Building to be opened in a month in Paris, is by no
means a handsome structure. Indeed, it is said to
be the fac-simile of a huge gasometer; and, how-
ever admirably constructed for the objects in view,
not calculated to impress the beholder favourably
as regards its appearance. We anticipate that the
next " Great Exhibition" will be held in New York ;
and it is possible that American taste and ingenuity
will solve the problem, which old countries have
attempted in vain, of constructing at one and the
same time a building that will answer the ends in-
tended, and present a sightly aspect. A few years
more will work a great change in the tide of travel.
New York will become a central city on the way to
great nations, and the means of reaching it from
Europe, are day by day becoming more numerous
and less expensive. It is hard to tell what the
turn of events will be, but we are safe in
prophesying this change in the direction of travel.
It would probably have occurred earlier, had it not
been for the civil war. Much will depend on the
speed with which the Union Pacific Railway is
completed, when business and the conveniences of-
fered by the route will force passenger traffic into
this channel. Travel in Europe has become too
commonplace and easy for young and energetic men.
The ascent of Mont Blanc has lost its novelty,
though not all its danger, and the enterprising, weary
of first-class carriages and first-class hotels. The foot
of the English traveller will soon be imprinted on the
slopes and valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Few
have seen the romantic beauty and grandeur of the
Great Falls of the Yosemite, or its dell of matchless
cliffs and cascades, where water bounds over moun-
tain heights, and falls in feathery streams of
2,000 feet. This Californian landscape has formed
the subject of an American artist's picture, and its
merits have raised him at once to fame. The treeless
prairies and the great sierras are objects that will
soon attract more general travel, not to mention the
natural desire so rapidly growing of forming from
personal observation some knowledge of the mighty
nation which is now exercising such an influence on
the world. It is probable that many Americans who
visit the Paris Exhibition, will use the opportunity
for obtaining information to be utilised here-
after, when the " 'World's Show" will be held in
their own country. At some not distant day
there will be a gathering of nations in New
York, and the sooner the idea is conceived
and entertained as probable—the sooner will
action be taken for its accomplishment. These
" World's Fairs" are productive of more good
than is shown on the surface. They tend to
make man cosmopolitan. We would like to
see a number of Crowned heads, the guests of the
great commercial city of the Republic, and these
English aristocrats, pronounced by Mr. MOTLEY as
models of human perfection, there to be judged on
the spot by their own bearings as gentlemen. Had
Mr. M•CuAcKEN known as much of these men
as the Minister at Vienna, he would hardly
have described his celebrated countryman as a
" thorough flunkey" for enunciating this opinion.
Such proceedings as those of Mr. M'CrtAcKEs
are simply the result of ignorance for which
the best remedy is in these universal gatherings
of nations. A New York rowdy's idea of an
English nobleman is a person with a haughty and
presumptuous manner ; while the first principle of
the nobleman himself is, that an unassuming,
courteous, and quiet manner is the marked attribute
of a gentleman. It is thus that in their ignorance
these rowdies cannot comprehend the influence the
" bloated aristocrats" exercise on all around
them. But let them come in contact
with them themselves, and they will begin to
understand the reason why. The popular idea
of a Chinaman is the very reverse of what a China-
man really is, and so it is with many people and
classes with whom contact alone can set the igno-
rant aright. No World's Fair can properly repre-
sent America unless held in America, and it is time
that the third city of the Universe should assert its
position, and claim for itself the next invitation to
the woad, for the display of its industry, science,
and art.—A nglo-American Times.

be the effort to pass it without debate or amend-
ment, and every member who will not at the word
of command open his mouth and shut his eyes, and
swallow whatever is given him, is denounced as a
traitor to his party. Thus what is called Legisla-
tion is transformed into a game of hocus-pocus,
and free debate and personal independence are no
longer tolerated. Do Congressmen know with what
utter contempt the people look upon this substitution
of brute force for statesmanship ?
The American Minister to Buenos Ayres has of-
fered to the Argentine Confederation the mediation
of the United States in the differences with Para-
guay. _ _ .

The Nation of Feb. 14 contains these items •
Twelve or thirteen years ago Mr. Douglas, Mr. Jef-
ferson Davis, and the " Democracy" generally, were
fighting hard, and apparently they fought with
success, to spread slavery over Nebraska and the
other Territories of the Union. But on Saturlay
last, in spite of Mr. Johnson's veto, Nebraska was
admitted into the Union as the thirty-seventh State,
and on condition that she should bind herself to
make no distinction amongst her citizens on account
of colour. On the 29th ult. the Committee on Fe-
deral Relations of the Territorial Council, to whom
was referred the consideration of this condition, re-
ported decidedly in its favour. Practically we
suppose it will be faithfully observed, and answer
its purpose. The new State is nearly ten times as
large as Massachusetts, blessed with a healthy cli-
mate, somewhat warmer than that of eastern regions
in the same latitudes-40-43 deg.; the surface
of the country is generally level or slightly roll-
ing ; the soil is excellent, producing wheat, maize,
oats, hemp, sorghum, tobacco, hay, and clover.
The vine flourishes ; iron, coal, and salt are be-
lieved to be abundant. Omaha City, the eastern
terminus of the Union Pacific Railroad, is the capi-
tal, and is situated on the Missouri River. The
railroad above mentioned runs parallel to the Platte,
the chief river of the State, for three hundred miles,
and Nebraska is connected with the East by a road
which runs from a point on the Missouri opposite
Omaha City across lowa to the Mississippi. With
its railroad facilities, its excellent free-school system
(excellent for so young a country, and sow. to be
better still), Nebraska offers great inducements to
emigrants, and is sure to grow rapidly.
A vigorous discussion of the power of the Senate
to suspend the President during his impeachment
has been raging during the week. Madison is re-
ported, in Eliot's Debates, as having conceded the
existence of the power; but Madison in his own
report opposed, in express terms, the grant of any
such power—for the very reason, too, which now
makes General Butler and Wendell Phillips argue
for its existence : that it would enable the majority
" at any moment, in order to make way for the
function of another who will be more favourable to
their views, to vote the temporary removal of the
existing magistrates." The proposition was voted
down by Bto 3. _ _ _

Professor Dwight, of New York, has been making
a careful examination of all the impeachment cases
in English history, with the view of discovering
whether this power of suspension during trial had
ever been exercised, and has failed to discover a
single example of it. On several occasions the
Commons asked the Lords to address the Crown for
a removal from office of persons under impeach-
ment, but the Lords uniformly refused, on the
general principle that the innocence of a functionary
must be presumed until he is found guilty. We
see as plain as anybody the inconvenience of having
Mr. Johnson in office during a long exciting trial ; but
we are so well satisfied that if the power of suspen•
sion of the President were once established it would
be frequently used hereafter by a party vote to get
rid of the President for the time being, when there
was neither the chance nor expectation of having
him convicted, that we hope no attempt may be
made to put General Butler's theory into force. We
have got to a point in the history of the nation
when we must be careful what precedents we esta-
blish. Three years hence the South will be back in
Congress, with the Northern Democracy at its back,
and we should be sorry to see our Radical friends
hoist by their own petard.
George Peabody has given a million towards the
education of the South. The gift is a ringnificent
one, and comes at the right time. The danger is
that the trustees will try to do too much with it,
and, by diffusing it over too wide a space, make
little impression with it anywhere. The best use
that could be made of it would be to employ it in
the education of teachers—a suggestion made, if we
remember rightly, by the Evening Post.
Bayard Taylor in his summer trip thus described
Central City, Colorado :—" In this population of
from six to eight thousand souls one finds represen-
tatives from all parts of the United States and
Europe. Men of culture and education are plenty,
yet tot always to be distinguished by their dress or
appearance. Society is still agreeably free and un-
conventional. People are so crowded together, live
in so primitive a fashion for the most part, and are,
perhaps (many of them), so glad to escape from re-
straint, that they are more natural, and hence more
interesting, than in the older States. Owing to the
latter cause, no doubt, it is sometimes difficult to
recognise the staid New Englander in the sun-
burnt individual in sombrero and riding-boots, who
smokes his pipe, carries his pocket-flask, and tells
any amount of rollicking stories. He has simply
cast off his assumed shell, and is himself; and I
must confess I like him all the better."
. . • •

" Perhaps the thin air and alkali water' may ac-
and lodes,'
n
oafimths'e community.
count for
seem
et
or apgoes
sfeosrs oawl n
CI?
ags
s'ecsl
Every man you meet has his pocket full of speci-
mens.' When you are introduced to a stranger, he
produces a piece of ' blossom rock,' a sulphuret,'
or a chloride.' The landlord of the hotel where
you stop confidentially informs you that he owns
25,000 feet—' the richest lode in tho country—
assays $1,300 to the cord, sir.' The clerk is the
happy possessor of 10,000 feet ; the porter (where
there is any) has at least 5,000 ; while the cham-
bermaid boasts of her own Susanna Lode,' or
Bridget Lode.' fhe baker has specimens beside
his bread ; the dispenser of lager beer looks impor-
tant and mysterious ; the druggist is apt to give
you chlorides' instead of aperients; and the
lawyer who takes his fees in 'feet' (money being
scarce) dreams of realising millions after the Pacific
Railroad reaches Denver.' "

Mr. Peabody, in addition to his acts of unparal-
leled benevolence, has bestowed $1,000,000 Mis-
sissippi Planters' Bank Bonds, on which overdue
interest has accumulated since 1840, for the pro-
motion and encouragement of intellectual, moral,
or industrial education in the South-Western
States. We are authorised to state that in August
last, when an appeal was made to the British public
for the endowment of Virginia College, the com-
mittee of cotton bondholders, pursuant to the
powers vested in them by the bondholders when-
ever a satisfactory arrangement of that loan takes
place, agreed on behalf of themselves and their con-
stituents to subscribe bonds for the endowment of
the said college to the amount of £lO,OOO, or
$50,000, and their subscription is entered in the
subscription list collected by the Rev. Mr. Stuart,
of Staunton, Virginia, and is doubtless now entered
in the archives of the College of Virginia.
Dr. Mary Walker lectured on temperance last
Monday night at Fetter-lane Chapel. There was
no disturbance, and at the close of the lecture Dr.
Mary received a bouquet, along with a vote of
thanks.

It is said that Charles Sumner is to retire from
political life at the close of his present Senatorial
term and spend several years in Europe; that ex-
Governor Andrew will be a candidate for his place,
and also Governor Bullock ; that Hon. John B.
Alley will then be Governor of Massachusetts ; that
Generel Butler will be the next nominee of the Re-
publican party for President, and that E. G.
Walker, one of the coloured representatives in the
Legislature, will run for Congress in Banks' dis-
trict when his term expires.
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher does not favour the
movement in the House of Representatives for
impeachment.
Mr. Cyrus W. Field will return to America in the
Great Eastern, March 20.
Charles IL Thompson, an American gentleman
residing in Paris, by a contribution of £4OO has
outained last year twelve young men in Milan in

their studies, preparatory to the ministry, and will
do the same for the present year. Mr. Thompson
is from New Haven, Connecticut.

The contest for the Boston collectorship is nar-
rowed down to Deputy-Collector Kingsbury and
John H. Clifford. Secretary M'Culloch favours
Kingsbury, who is his nephew.
Gen. Dix does not take the salary of naval
officer of New York, as reported, and has never
taken any portion of it ; but, on the contrary,
positively declined to do so.
Mr. Morrell, of the Ways and Means Committee,
has gone back to Vermont on account of the ill-
ness of his mother. This will delay the Tariff Bill
a little, though the committee will go on with its
daily sessions upon it.
Harvey S. Deming and Andrew Fitzgerald, both
formerly dry goods salesmen at Boston, were killed
in the recent Indian massacre at Fort Phil Kearney,
in Dacotah territory. Young Deming fought
bravely, and shot seven Indians beore receiving
his fatal wound.

John Prentiss, who is in his ninetieth year, and
edited the Keene Sentinel when John Adams was
President of the United States, is the oldest member
of the profession in the country.
Sanford Conover, who gave the " testimony" that
led to the publication of President Johnson's pro-
clatnation against Jefferson Davis, has been con-
victed of perjury.

The well-known Professor A. D. Bache, superin-
tendent of the American Coast Survey, is dying.
The Committee on Foreign Relations have re-
ported adversely on the nomination of Senator
Cowan as Minister to Austria.

It is reported that the President has offered the
Postmaster-Generalship to Horace Greeley.
The President has nominated General Joseph J.
Bartlett as Minister Resident to Sweden, vice J.
➢l'Gicnis, jun. He has also pardoned John Let -
cher, of Virginia, and that gentleman is a candidate
for Governor of the State.
The following is the dedication of " Swingin round the
cirkle," by Petroleum, V. Naseby

TO
ANDROO JOHNSON.
THE PRIDE AND HOPE UV DEMOCRISY,
Who hez bin Alderman uv his native village,
Guvner of his State,
Member of the lower house uv Congress,
And likewise of the Senit,
Vice President and President, and might hev bin
• Dicktater,
But who is, nevertheless, a Humble Individooal ;
Who hez swung around he entire cirkle uv offishl
honor, without feelin his Oats much ;
The first public man who considered my
services worth payin for ;
AND TO
ALEX. W. RANDALL,
POSTMASTER GENERAL,
His most devoted Servant,
Whose autograph adorns my Commishn ez Postmaster,
This Volume
IS RESPECTFULLY DEDIKATED.

Congress Consistent in its Policy.

-4.

The foggy medium through which many English
see American affairs, was shown in the general con-
demnation of the war to preserve the Union, and
now in their disapproval of the measures of Con-
gress to exclude the States lately in rebellion until
they ratify certain conditions. It is asked--Why
fight to preserve that which you afterwards legis-
late to dissever? Northern writers explain--but
in vain—the causes which led to the Civil War, and
the causes which force on the reluctant Executive
the measures now necessary to secure the objects
then contended for. Those who do not, and will
not, understand the vital necessity of maintaining
the Union intact, and of preserving this Union
hereafter intact, see nothing but a contradiction
in the course taken, and in ignorance, condemn the
Legislature for acts they do not comprehend. If
they regard dispassionately the causes which led
the North to fight so desperately for the preserva-
tion of the Union, they may perceive why Congress
so pertinaciously perseveres in a course which seems
to them only a contradiction. In the first place, it
would have been madness in the nation to permit
the Southern oligarchy to establish an Empire
bordering on them for thousands of miles, and filled
with elements which sooner or later must have
produced an explosion. Such a separation would
have placed their enemy in a position to have
wrought their own destruction. An amicable
separation would but have deferred the evil
day, and have given a fresh impetus to
the evils at work ,'which were destined to pro-
duce so much misery and suffering. It is the
policy of the United States to place the Continent
of North America under one central authority, and
the majority of the people believe that if this can
be accomplished much of the mischiefs will be
avoided which have so injuriously influenced all old
inhabited parts of the globe. The idea of dividing
the Continent into States, with their local legisla-
tures and executives, while centreing the supreme
authority in a President and Congress, is a grand
and noble conception. To extend over a vast and
fertile portion of the earth the same laws and
liberty, the same language and government, em-
braces boons so innumerable to its inhabitants as
to be almost beyond the imagination of Europeans.
A great blow would be struck at the happiness of
mankind if the United States fail in working out the
magnificent scheme. What blow could have been
more fatal than the establishment of the Southern
oligarchy-founded on slavery ? The darling con-
ception of the Northern mind would in this have
been annihilated, and the noble Union, its citizms
delight to contemplate, would have passed away as
a vision. The dream of generations, taken up from
the father to the son, of a nation embracing an
entire continent formed by the work of their hands
from the wilderness, would have vanished, and in
its stead there would have remained but a great
fragment hereafter to take no higher place than
that of Russia or of France, bordered to the north
and south by other nations who might at any time
be hostile, or even in alliance with European despots.
When South Carolina attacked Fort Sumter the
North awoke to the conviction that it must fight or
surrender its cherished conception. No wonder
that the whole people turned with impatience from
the mawkish sentiment of English writers who ad-
vised a peaceful separation, and lectured them on
the horrors and wickedness of civil war. It was
not along the English borders that a hostile nation
was being built up, having for its corner-stone the
aggressive and wicked institution of slavery. The
noble scheme which for generations had leavened
the Northern being, had never penetrated into the
mind of these writers.
To the Federal the Union meant all that was
great and good ;'it meant all that was grand and
magnificent in the future—it meant the freedom of
the human race and the triumph of democratic
principles. It appeared incredible to him that any
man born under this Union could seek to destroy
it, for so narrow, selfish, and miserable a cause as
that of slavery. The fact, was however, certain ;
and he was compelled to gird up his loins and ex-
tirpate the poisonous weed which had grown to such
vast dimensions as to endanger the very existence
of his cherished Union. This he did at an awful
expenditure of blood and treasure. The war
preserved the Union for the time. But
legislation only, can preserve it for the fu-
ture. The object of Congress, putting all the
paltry exigencies of party out of the question—is
to bring back the Southern States as loyal members
of the community. It is not only necessary that
they should take their former place in the
Union,, but it is requisite also that they
should take it, purged from the crime which had
caused so much suffering. Congress holds that this
cannot be accomplished by giving legislative power
to unrepentant rebels whose avowed object is to
undo the work of the war. In forcing the Southern
States into such a position that they must ratify the
conditions dictated by the Legislature before re-
admission to the Union, is, instead of being in con-
tradiction to the principles contended for in the war
a direct confirmation of them. So fierce a contest
had a deep cause, which is not easily removed; but
removed it must be, before the Union reassumes its
former aspect. In this the North is consistent, act-
ing on a simple and fixed policy—one dictated by
the commonest principles of good eense, and main-
tained with the greatest forbearance and concilia-
tion. We hold it to be beyond all question that
Slavery threatened the preservation of the Union—
that the North fought to preserve the Union, and
struck down Slavery as its great enemy ; that the

people recognised their crime in sanctioning the evil,
and felt that they were called on to expiate that
crime in rivers of blood and the agony of millions.
But is the nation which has endured so much, again
to sow broadcast, the seeds of another harvest of
misery ? People should view the whole breadth and
depth of the subject to understand the rigid deter-
mination of the North not to permit any considera-
tions of profit, of present national advancement, of
the mere peace and quietness of the moment, of
nature wearied out with:the endless strife—to inter-
fere with their inflexible purpose to place the future,
as far as human means can, on a firm and per-
manent basis. Many other questions are debated
which tend to draw attention from the vital inte-
rests that underlie them all. Congress may be
wrong in some of its act?, and in many of its resolu-
tions, but it has the righteous cause in view—to
preserve the Union, and secure for the future uni-
versal freedom ; and if it attains these great ends
it will deserve well of the citizens of the Republic.
—Anglo-American Times.