The Sun.
London, England, 1860-01-02 00:00:00

BAROMETER-29.80.

WIND. W.S.W. ; light, with fine sunshiny weather.

....k•••••/ •••••••••
March, a majority of 29 pronounced against the'
bill. On the 23d of April Parliament was dissolved ;
and there was certainly some ground for complaint
that this course should be taken when the state of
foreign affairs demanded that her MAJESTY should
not be deprived of the advice of her Grand Council.
It was, however, a temptation too strong for party
feeling to resist. The Government, as such, can
generally command some votes at an election ; and
it would not do to surrender such an advantage to
their adversaries, and after they also had tried their
hands at a more popular Reform Bill. Ministers,
therefore, dissolved, and ingeniously took as long
a time as possible over the election ; Par-
' liament did not re-assemble till the 7th of
June, and on the 10th a vote of no con-
fidence sealed the fate of the DERBY Administra-
tion. So far as we yet know, however, the chief
difference between the Whig and Tory proposals is
40s. sterling rental ; it having been well understood
that the Tories were now prepared to give an £8
franchise in the boroughs, while Lord JOHN RUSSELL
suggested a £6 one. The Whig leaders are, however,
quite as averse as the Tories to the Ballot; they will
do nothing more than Lord DERBY and Mr. Dis.
RAELI to confer a real vote on the present county
electors, or to put a stop to bribery in the boroughs,
and though we would not refuse an extension of
the suffrage, without the Ballot we see in it little
but an extension of the area for bribery and intimi-
dation.

lIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tuts DAY.—Morning, 7h. 26m.—Afternoon, 7h. 53m,
TO-MORROW.-Morning, Bh. 22m.—Afternoon, Bh. 51m.

The new Ministry, not very easily formed, very
soon threw over Reform for the session, and made

it indeed a very short one, Parliament .having been
prorogued on the 13th of August. They whispered
something about an autumnal session, but scorned
to fear the political malaria at that season of
the year. The money was voted as fast as possible.
We were made to pay for Sir JOHN PAKINGTON'S
extra taste in shipbuilding by a nearly doubled
income tax for the year, collected during the one
half of it; and little of interest was done, except
the unseating of a sufficient number of Whigs to
reduce the Whig majority to a tie. It is, however,
but fair to add that the Tory Parliamentary agents
managed far better than their opponents, and got
all the worst Whig cases heard first, that the peti-
tions against Tories have nearly all yet to be tried,
and that there seems to have been nothing to
elso)se between Whigs and Tories in those boroughs
which have enjoyed the privilege of confessing
their sins before a Royal Commission. Since the
session there has been a pretty general lull in poli-
tics, and the Ministry has, in Continental
matters, walked in the footsteps of their
predecessors, with probably, however, a warmer
zeal for Italian independence. Their anta-
gonists have proclaimed, at Liverpool, that
they do not mean to try Government again by a
chance majority; but, we admonish them, and the
Whigs too, that no party will have more than a
chance majority till one party makes up its mind
to render itself the national party, by giving the
nation the Ballot.

Politically, we must mark the past year as one of
faction fights: The year before witnessed many
battles of the kind, but closed with the Tories in
office, because the independent Liberals refused to
be dragged through the mud, merely to reinstate
Lord PALMERSTON as dietator. Last spring they
were puzzled. The mistakes of the Government
Bill annoyed them, and reasonably; yet they could
get no offers much better from the Liberals, while
they lost the certainty of carrying their measure
through the Lords. Hence the indifference at the
elections, hence the equal balance of parties in
the House, and hence the general indifference now.
Why should men put themselves to trouble about
either party when the offers of each are so nearly
alike. Let one party but come forward with
proposals for what the people really desire, and the
time of indifference, and of weak Governments, will
be at an end.

Commercially, the year has been a favourable
one. Unusual disasters occurred amongst our first-
class steamers, but trade, as eviddenced by the
Board of Trade Returns, has grown considerably
and steadily. The staple manufactures of the coun-
try have been well sustained ; indeed, the rather
more than usual prevalence of strikes has been pro-
bably caused by the briskness of trade. Wages,
except in some agricultural districts, have been ris-
ing. The Masons' Strike has been a terrible lesson
to thousands, and has painfully shoWn how un-
wisely the working classes can enslave themselves
to each other, under the pleasing idea of controlling
their employers.

India has become quiet, and even financially
gives indications that Lord STANLEY'S hopes were
not ill-founded. Our other colonies, generally, have
been prosperous. Australia especially so, at the
same time, as she has been perfecting her civil and
religious liberties. Canada has opened by far the
vastest railway bridge in the world, but has also
disclosed some painfnl political corruption. With
her neighbour, the United States, we seemed likely
to have a little quarrel, which is being smoothed
down. But the States themselves have perpetrated
perhaps their greatest political crime in the legal
murder of a noble Liberator of their bondsmen.
On the whole, as her Majesty would be made to say,
we may congratulate ourselves on our amicable
relations with all Foreign Powers, and the pleasant
assurances we continue to receive from them all,
but also on having this year completed such a fleet,
and enrolled such a number of rifle corps that, while
we mean no offence to any Power, we are in a posi-
tion to fear none from any ; that our trade is
increasing and our revenue with it, and one day or
other—this year or ten years hence—her Majesty's
Ministers and her Majesty's Opposition will give
us something which they will call a Reform Bill.
We hope we may be able honestly to call it one too
—and with such a good past, good present, and good
hope for the future, we can wish all our readers A
HAPPY NEW YEAR.

LONDON, MONDAY, JAN. 2, 1860.

The late year has distinguished itself in English
history, but only by a change just sufficient to
make its date clearer. It began DERBY et DISRAELI
Cogs—it has ended, P- ALMERSTON et RUSSELL Coss
—a general election, of course, heralding the change.
Such changes have, however, been so common of
late that they will be but slight helps to memory.
Abroad, we have been little more than passive
spectators, exerting little appreciable influence ;
but that influence in the main for good. A Tory
Administration might have been better dieposed to
Austria till she made it look awkward by her' mad
ultimatum ; but Whigs and Tories, equally, ad-
hered to the policy of non-intervention. And Lord
JOHN RUSSELL, we too well remember, on an im-
portant occasion, would Albertise at Vienna.
The late Cabinet entered on the Session pledged
in honour to a Reform Bill ; but distinctly recognis-
ing it as, in their judgment, only an artificial neces-
sity created by the party spirit of the Whigs. Lord
DERBY regarded Parliamentarylieform as something
not demanded by the country, but repeatedly offered
by his political opponents as a bait for popularity,
and as a convenient stumbling-block to place in
the way of a Conservative Cabinet. Parliament
was opened on the 3d of February, and after a
delay, which could do the Ministry no good, on the
28th, Mr. DISRAELI brought forward the measure
of the Ministry. Its great merit was the £lO
county franchise. Its great defects were the non-
extension (except by a few fancy franchises) of the
borough constituencies, the subtraction of all voters
resident in boroughs from the county constituencios,
and the omission of the Ballot. The first two defects
displeased many of the followers of the Ministry, and
served as a handle for the Whigs. But the last was,
as politicians, thegreat fault. Couldthe Cabinet have
made up their minds to give electors the entire free-
dom of the Ballot, they would at an election have
had a majority of at least two to one, and would
have been remembered in history as a Cabinet
which had done more for electoral purity and Eng-
lish liberties than all the Whig Cabinets together
since the time of the Reform Bill.

After just one calendar month, on the 31st of

The official statement of the last quarter's re-
venue will be found, upon examination, to be alto-
gether very satisfactory. It is given elsewhere
with due tabular distinctness. From this authen-
tic record, giving the national balance-sheet from
JOIIN BULL'S ponderous ledger for the closing
quarter of the year 1859, it will be obvious, almost
at a glance, that, according to those returns, there
is a clear net increase upon that crowning quarter
of 'fifty-nine, amounting to just a trifle over eighty
thousand pounds sterling ! Against a total increase
upon the quarter of £804,313, there is to be placed
a total decrease of £724,l4l—leaving a balance
"to the good" of precisely £80,172. It is some-
what startling at the first announcement—
in a slight degree bewildering at the first
blush—and, under every point of view sin-
gularly tantalizing to learn, almost in the
same breath with the above announcement, that
the total increase upon the quarter of £BO,OOO and
odd, would hare been upwards Tc 1:700,000 sterling,
but for a purely accidental decrease under the
loose and comprehensive item of Miscellaneous.
Honest lons (we may well imagine)—jingling his
£BO,OOO odd in his breeches pockets contentedly. as
he glances with a complacent cye down his last
balance-sheet—pulls a long face enough at this
supplementary intimation, and is fain to Ask the
Reason Why, as anxiously as may be in the midst of

his Christmas eomfortableness ! The reason of
this enigmatically broad contrast between what is
(i.e. £80,000), and what might hare been (viz.,
£700,000) the net increase upon the quarter, when
examined into for a moment, turns out to be the
simplest thing imaginable. To put it distinctly at
once—this clear balance upon the quarter, then, in-
stead of being merely, as it is, a little over £BO,OOO
would have been upwards of £700,000 but for the
cessation of the sale of old naval and military
stores under the head of Miscellaneous. This one
circumstance, indeed, gives a decrease, under the
head of Miscellaneous, amounting to no less
than £683,141. In the corresponding quar-
ter of 1858 the sale of condemned and surplus
stores, it may be remembered, was something ex-
traordinary. Hence this large diminuticav upon
the final quarter of the year just expired to the
tune under that one head of £683,141 ! Remem-
bering, in addition to this, that the return for the
whole of this last year, 1859, shows a comparative
decrease of £216,526, JOHN will probably feel dis-
posed, upon second thoughts, to cease jingling his
odd eighty thousand so very complacently. Yet
reverting to that falling off under the head of the
Miscellaneous, and recollecting the very consider-
able diminution caused by the huge reduction in
the rate of Income-tax, we find, nevertheless,
there is, after all, only reason for general satisfaction.
Because, literally, but for those reasons, the revenue
for the whole year, 1859, just expired, would have
yielded an increase of upwards of £2,000,000 !
Looking more closely into these returns for the
last quarter, it will be observed that there are only
three items constituting that aggregate increase of
£724,141—the chief part of which we have already
notified, namely £683,141, under the head -of
Miscellaneous. Adding to this wholesale diminu-
tion caused by the sale of stores—a further dimi-
nution of £ll,OOO under the head of Stamps,
and a yet further diminution, in round
numbers, of £30,000 under the Post-office de-
partment—we have the total before men-
tioned of £724,141. Against that, however,
we place the yet larger total of £804,313 net in-
crease upon the last quarter. A net increase of
more than £BOO,OOO coming to us from five different
sources. One of the five certainly a particularly small
source, namely, an increase of £5OO from Crown
Lands ! Another—bringing us an additional
£15,813 from the Customs ! Another—giving an in-
crease 0f£41,000 (under the head Taxes) as compared
with the corespondin g quarter of 1858. There are two
other sources, however, of increase yet to be specified,
really and truly of very considerable importance.
Under the head of Excise we have a net increase of
more than £350,000 upon the quarter, or, to give
the precise amount, £356,000. While from the Pro-
perty Tax alone we have upon the quarter a net
increase of very nearly £400,000, or, again to give
the exact amount, of just £391,000. Thus from
Crown Lands, from Customs, from Taxes, from
Excise, and from Property Tax, we obtain in
five amounts, ranging from the minimum
of £5OO, to the maximum of £391,000,
the total increase of £804,313 which—diminished
by the subtraction of the total amount of decrease,
namely, that of £724,l4l—leaves, as we have seen,
the pleasant little balance in hand of £80,172 upon
the quarter ! The net decrease upon the year, how-
ever, we have already notified (for two reasons—to
wit, the cessation of the sale of 'stores and
the reduction in the rate of Income-Tax) as
amounting to £216,526—the gross produce of the
revenue for the year ending the 31st of December,
1859, being £66,070,469, whereas the gross produce
for the revenue ending the 31st of December, 1858,
was £66,286,995 ! Remembering the diminished
Income Tax, however, and remembering the
dropped Sale of Stores we cannot but regard the
Returns of the Revenue of the United Kingdom with
peculiar and perfectly justifiable satisfaction.

LATEST

NEWS.

THE BOMBAY MAIL.

The following telegrams have been received at
Mr. Reuter's office :

SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 2.

The China has arrived with the heavy portion
of, the Bombay mails, 35 passengers, 3 packages
specie (value not stated), 998 bales silk, 512 bales
flax, 63 bales wool, and general cargo.
On the 31st December she boarded the ship St.
Vincent of Bristol dismasted. The China laid by
1 her till midnight when the St. Vincent made for
Falmouth.

Gibraltar advice: are to Dec. 24th. Marshal
O'Donnell was awaiting reinforcements to hold his
position in front of Ceuta before moving on against
Tetuan. The fighting had been all on the extreme
left of the Spanish army, where strong recon-
noitring'parties had been pushed out.
Gibraltar Exchange on London at 20 days 511
to 51: ; on Paris 6, 33 fr. centimes.

PARIS, JAN. 1.

Today, at 1 o'clock p.m:, the reception of the
diplomatic corps took place in the Salle du Trone.
The Ambassadors, headed by the Papal Nuncio,
and the first attaches of the Embassies, stood round
the throne ; the Secretaries and other attaches re-
mained behind the Ambassadors.

OP.ENIYG OF THE HAMPSTEAD etUNC-
TION RAHLwAr.-(THIS DAY.)

On entering the Salle du Trone his Majesty first
met the Papal Nuncio, Monsignore Saccone, who
presented to the Emperor, in the nerve of the Dip-
lomatic Corps, their resiiectful wishes for the hap-
piness and prosperity of his Majesty and of his
august family.
The Emperor in reply said
" I thank the Diplomatic Corps for the wishes
they have kindly expressed to me, and I am happy
to be able to remind them on this occasion that,
since I came into power, I have always respected
recognised rights. I shall also prove to them in
future that all my efforts have no other aim than
the maintenance of peace."

His Majesty afterwards passed before the diplo-
matic circle, and spoke a few words to cash Ambas-
sador respecting the health of their Sovereigns.

The new line of railway which brings the healthy and
picturesque districts of Hampstead-heath and Finchley
within half an hour's ride or so of the City and the north
and east end of London, was opened to-day for passenger
traffic. The line, which is six miles in length, commences
by a junction with the North London Railway, near the
Camden Town Station, and terminates by a junction with
the Kew and Acton Railway, at Willesden. On its route
it passes through Kentish Town by the foot of Highgate-
hill, near to Hampstead-heath, and across the Finchley
and Edgware-roads, at each of 'which places substan-
tial and commodious passenger stations have been
etected. This new railway, in fact, forms a loop line
to connect the North London Railway with the line
which runs to Kew, and thus avoids the passage of
the Kew and Richmond trains in connection with the
North London along and across tke crowded section of the
North-Western main line which is crossed at Willesden by
a bridge. The principal work on the line is a tunnel, three-
quarters of a mile in length, perfectly straight, which passes
under portions of Hampstead-heath. There are four sta-
tions, viz.:—Kentish Town, Plampstead-heath, Finchley-
road, and Edgware. Both in view and traffic it will be
truly a pleasure line, for shortly after leaving Camden
Town a very pretty country is entered upon. There has
been some delay in opening the lino owing to certain re-
quirements on the part of the railway department of the
Board of Trade, with respect to the junction signals, so as
to afford the utmost !possible security to the passenger
trains. The difficulty has been overcome by an ingenious
arrangement, invented by Mr. A. Chambers, by means of
which an accident is scarcely possible. Twenty-three
trains are announced to run to and from Fenchurch-street,
each way, in the course of the day.

The reception lasted 25 minutes.
Another message, also containing the Emperor's
speecg, was received at Mr. Reuter's office. It gives
the conclusion of the speech thus—

" Be convinced, therefore, that the constant aim
of my endeavours will always be to re-establish
everywhere, as far as lies in my power, confidence

and peace."
The Moniteur of to-day contains numerous nomi-
nations to the Legion d'Honneur. Admiral Ro-
main Desfosses has been appointed Grand Cross of
that Order.

PARIS, JAN. 2.

The Moniteur of to-day publishes, an account of
;he reception of the diplomatic corps at the

Tuileries.

The Moniteur also states that yesterday Cardi
nal Morlot celebrated mass at the Tuileries.

MADRID, JAN. 1.

On Friday evening the Moors vigorously attacked
our encampment, but were repulsed with great

loss.

The Spaniards displayed great bravery ; their
Loss, however, was not considerable.
A forward movement of the army was expected

shortly.

The rumour that peace had been concluded is
altogether false.

The Correspondencia Autografa says that the
English Minister continues to demand payment of
the old debt due to England.

TURIN, DEC. 31.
The Sardinian Government has boon informed of
the prorogation of the Congress. The time for its
definitive assembling will benotified to the Powers
later. II:LA r rblrinimj

VIENNA, JAN. 1

According to the ceremonial observed at the
Austrian Court, the Grand Chamberlain of the Em-
peror received to-day, at 12 o'clock, in the name of
his Majesty, the congratulations of the Diplomatic
Corps. ,-;( f‘t

BERLIN, DEC. 31.
In reply to a statement in the Kreuz Zeitung of
yesterday the Prussian Gazette says
" The report that the Prince of Hohenzollern
intends to resign the Presidency of the Council of
Ministers is totally unfounded."

• wait oat COPENHAGEN, DEC. 30.
The Chamberlain Berlin, Private Secretary to
the King, has been dismissed. He will leave to-
morrow for Algiers. - • bulazti'd (us ,v9ilAl

MR. HUGH ROWLEY AND HIS LATE WIFE.—
We believe the proceedings as far as relates to a prosecution
for perjury have been abandoned. The "happy pair,"
however, will be in attendance at the Westminster Police-
court on Wednesday next at three o'clock, in order that
certain explanatory statements may be made by the learned
counsel engaged for the respective parties.
The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P., and Mrs.
Herbert are entertaining a large circle at Wilton House,
near Salisbury, the guests including the Marquis and
Marchioness of Ailesbury, the Earl of Clanwilliam, Count
Strzelecki, Viscount and Viscountess de Vesci and Hon.
Miss Vesey, Viscount Gilford, Lord Ashburton, Hon. Sid-
ney and Hon. Herbert Meade, Mr. Gerard and Lady
Augusta Sturt, &c.
The Right Hon. W. F. and Mrs. Cowper are
staying on a visit to Viscount and 'Viscountess Palmetston.
at Broadlands.
THE LATE BRIBERY INQUIRY AT NORWICH.—
It is understood that certain parties who have entered into a
subscription for the purpose of continuing the inquiry com-
menced into corrupt practices at Norwich, intend taking
the opinion of the law officers of the Crown as to the course
which it will be most prudent for"them to pursue. Sub-:
scriptions to the amount of between £6OO and .£7OO are re-
ported to have been collected.
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES OF CANADA.—A very'
important proposal from the Government of Canada was
communicated on Saturday to the Stock Exchange by
Messrs. Baring and Co. and Messrs. Glyn and Co., the
financial agents of that province. The total of ,the various-
liabilities of the dolma), is £11,661,010, and the holders are
now presented with the option of converting them into one
Consolidated 5 per Cent. Stock, irredeemable until 25
year front the Ist of January, 1860. A portion of these
liabilities, however, consists of £700,000 to the English
Government for the balance of a guaranteed loan ; -100,000
to the current revenue for amounts of debt recently paid
elf; £250,000 for certain indemnity claims on the " Feudal.
Tenure Fund ;" and £1,250,000 currency debt, making a
total of £2,600,000, which it is contemplated to meet in
cash. For that purpose an issue is to be made on,
the London market, which will be increased to £2.800,000,
by a requirement of £200,00) for the ptiblie build-
ings at Ottawa, the now capital. By this condensation of a
number of securities, sonic of which are of an indirect
character, into one sole stock, increased marketability will
be obtained, and £39,0043 in annual interest will be saved.'
A scale is published of the rates at which the existing ster
ling 6 per Cent. Government Bonds, payable in London,
will bo allowed to be converted, £lO9 108. of the now 5 per
Cent. stock being given for £1.00,0f the 6 per Cent. bonds,
dno in August, 1854, and the rate gradually rising to
4113 10s. for those which do not mature till 1884. The new •
stock will be transferrable in London, and the dividends
will be paid here, or the proprietors may have coupon bonds
instead, which they can turn into stock at pleasure. There
is also to be a sinking fund of a-half per cent. The
£2,800,000 now to be subscribed (only £200,000 of which is
as addition to the existing liabilities of the colony), are to
be applied for on or before Tuesday, the 10th of January.
The issue is to be at par, but as the instalments are to ex-
tend over a year, while the full interest is to commence iin •
mediately, the actual price will be 971. The entire measure
seems a wise one, end calculated to add greatly to the
stability of Canadian finance,

LISBON, DEC. 31.
The Tyne has arrived with the Brazil mails, and
advices from Rio Janeiro to the Bth of December.
Peace had been concluded between the Argentine
Republic and Buenos Ayres, by the mediation of
Paraguay.

Buenos Ayres was again to be incorporated iato
the Confederation. `•''ttyjq.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Exchange on London, 251 2.5 k. au
Coffee flat at 3,800 to 5,900 rein. Exportations
since the departure of the last, mail to the United
States, 49,565 bags ; to the Channel, 14,616 ; to
Havre, 10,156; to Marseilles, 13,091; and to the
Mediterranean, 7,406. Stock, 220,000 bags. it'-‘
Coffee crop very abundant. 1 91`ja
• t•-••frryt tndi

LISBON, DEC. 31

The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company's ship
Tyne, from Brazil, would leave Lisbon on the
evening of the 31st ult., with 36 passengers, specie
£11,391, and 28 shipwrecked seamen.

QUEENSTOWN, JAN. 1

The Royal Mail steamship Europa arrived here
at 9 15 p.m., embarked mails, and proceeded at 10
p.m. for America. All well.

THE SiJN, LONDON, MONDAY .EVENDTG, JANUARY 2, 1860,

Cesare Ragnotti, professor of literature and ra-
tional philosophy, and Annibale Vecchi, a chemist."
The Perseveranza'of Milan states that Garibaldi
was the object of a popular ovation there on the
26th, and that he addressed a few patriotic
words to the people, declaring that they must not
cease to arm until all Venetia was evacuated.

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THE SUN.