The Sun.
London, England, 1858-03-29 00:00:00

THE SUN,

at one time hoped so earnestly for a descent that'
they spared all the Affghan Kafilas. The treaty is
one of the many claims Colonel Edwardes has upon
the gratitude of England. It was his doing ex-
clusively, whoever may, by diplomatic custom,
claim the honour of the stipulations.
The trial of the King of _Delhi has now lasted 14
days. It is a strange business. The King, seated
on a camp bed, listens to the most damning evi-
dence without attention, but wakes occasionally
into fierce excitement as a favourite approaches. I
enclose a most singular and somewhat unexpected
piece of evidence given by a Christian half-caste
woman. It is fatal, and the trial, wretchedly re-
ported, certainly proves three things :
First. The revolt was instigated by the Shah of
Persia, who promised money and troops. His pro-
clamation to that effect was postedover 'he Mosque
gate, and was taken down by order of Sir Theophilus
Metcalfe, who moreover was E
warned by John ve-
reit, a Christian Rissildar, very popular with the
natives, that he had been warned to fly,. as the
Persians were coming, and that the Mussulmans
were exceedingly excited. Sir Theophilus thought
the matter one of no importance.
Second. A paper was produced addressed to Mr.
Colvin by Mahomed Dervish, revealing the whole
plot six weeks before it broke .out. Mr. Colvin
treated the warning as unimportant, and never
even reported it to Government.
Third. The murders of the Europeans in Delhi
were committed by order of the King, in the pre-
sence of the Royal Family, and by means of the
Khasisburdars, his special personal guard.
Another strong measure has been introduced into
the local Legislature. During the mutiny, when-
ever our authority terminated the old landholders
regained their power. They were in the position
of Irish landlords in the South, sold out, but still
dear to the peasantry from old traditions, and a
general hate for the money-dealing class which has
supplanted them. The old riotous, wasteful, oppres-
sive, free-handedmenwere popular. With tbe sanc-
tion of the courts they iciund themselves surrounded
by attached retainers, while the poor bankers had
neither followers nor bailiffs. In one district half
the land changed owners in a week. In another
the largest estates were seized by men whose title
was something like that of the Martins to Conne-
mara. In a third all the superiorities payable to
bankers were paid to the impoverished aristocracy.
We are bound to support our men, and they are to
be summarily restored by commissioners who decide
at once and finally. The Liw will create immense
excitement, but it is necessary to justice. These
lauds were bought on the faith of our promises. and
the purchase must be upheld. In some districts I
fear the Commissioners will require considerable
military force. I enclose the official report of Mr.
Harrington's remarkable speech on introducing the
Bill.

I enclose also a copy of a remarkable raper, of
which a few sentences only have been published. It
is the opinion of a very intelligent sQubalidar named
Hidayut Ali, now holding a commission in the Sikh
Police Corps of Bengal. He is much Anglicised by
long intimacy with Europeans, and some of his
opinions are absurd, but others are suggestive, and
be adds one great fact to our knowieige. The de-
termination to mutiny was formed 25 years ago,
and the native army, bespatter_d with praise, Las
been in a mutinous condition ever since. _ _ _

The army waits most anxiously for the final de-
cree. It appears to be fotgrA en in England thit
some 1,500 British officers who have fought faith-
fully for our rule have been deprived of their regi-
ments, and are waiting a decree from Cannon-row.
They dread—with what. reason you know, though we
in this country do not—a simple transfer to the
Queen's army without guarantees for pay and pen-
sion. I may mention that the abolition of the
double Government, expected in England to excite
the natives, scarcely created a remark. " The izara
(lease) has expired," was the onlypopular comment.
Native 4, when pressed, acknowledged that they
approved the change, because a King must giveaway
more largely than a Company.
P.S. I have only to add, that the statement given
above of Sir C. Campbell's force is exclusive, of
course, of Col. Franks's and Sir J. Outram's bri-
gades and Jung Bahadoor's army.
- Her Majesty's 6;h have arrived from the Cape.
Her Majesty's 54th have been ordered to pro-
ceed from Calcutta to Cawnpore instantly.

We subjoin the Calcutta markets :
(From the Calcutta Englishman of Feb. 23.)
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
THE CALCUTTA MARKET.
Monday, Feb. 22.
There has been a change for the better in some of our
leading articles of export since our last, and a pretty
good amount of transactions has taken place at rather
better rates in indigo, sugar,' raw silk, saltpetre, and
corahe. We refer our readers to the particulars at f )or.
There is evidently a better 'feeling on the part. of buyerv,
and, if no unexpected check is given, we hope to be
able to report a further improvement in our nrst.
Our import-market has remained much in the same
state as noticed in our last. The continued u favo rab:e
news from the Upper Provinces has prevented any trans-
actions of importance oeing effected.
Money-market.—On this head we have no alteration
to report. Oar rates of interest and discount continue
the same as at the date of our last.

CHINA.
HONG KONG, FEB. 15.
The blockade at Canton way raised on the 10th
February. Happs, the head Chinese Custom-house
officer, is to be stationed at Whampoa, and collect
duties. About three-fourths of the inhabitants are
said to have left the city, many of whom, how-
ever, are returning. Some of the leading merchants
are anxious to resume business. Provisions are
cheap,r than in Hong Kong. The spirit of the
people seems to he quito broken, but it is to ba
feared that beneath their assumed humility lies a
spirit of revenge, ready to burst forth ou the first
favourable opportunity. Several of the civilians
visited the city without molestation. Governor-
General Yeh is now at Hong Kong on board th,i
Inflexible, en route to Calcutta. It is reported that
Lord Elgin and Admiral Seymour will proceed to
the northward about the middle of this month wish
a I ortion of the fleet .
_ _ _

Martial law has been proclaimed at Canton city
and suburbs. No foreigner is allowed to enter
without a passport, signed by Commissioners in-
Chief. It is reported that good hopes are enter-
tained of a speedy settlement of affairs, and that
papers found in the Governor-General's yamun en-
cow age the belief that the Emperor is by no means
averse to an amic dole adjustment. So confident,
indeed, is Lord Elgin said to be on the subject that
he hopes to been enabled to return to Europe in
September next. Tae Russians are also said to
have agreed to join the other Powers in forwarding
a joint representation to Pekin.
At Shanghai business in British manufactures bad
been very satisfactory, although latterly the Chi-
nese, as is usual at this season of the year, had dis-
played unwillingness to enter upon fresh trans-
actions.

Exchange—Hong Kong—London, six months'
sight, 4s. 9d. ; private, 4s. 9id. ; Amoy, Mexican.
dollars, 16 to 7 per cent. discount ; Shanghai, six
months' sight, 6 to 6i per tael ; Manilla, six
months' sight, 4s.
We take the following from the Overland Friend
of China of the 15th of February :

" Since the departure hence of the mail of the 29:h
ult., but little of an important nature, in connection with
the Government of Canton, has occurred. Pebqui is
still nominally Governor, and the Tartar General's pa-
lace, adjacent to the Fuyuen'a, being now occupied by
the Allied Commisiioners, he carries on ,the duties dic-
tated without the appearance of that coercion which
Chinese around are prone to believe is exercised towards
him. The chief of his acti have been the issue of pro-
clamations of amnesty, regulations fur the port, prohibi-
tion of the use of insulting expressions to br:igners, &c.
As to municipal matters, they are in process of induction
on a system in which French and English will be the
principal performers.
"The deposed Viceroy Yeh is still a prisoner on board
her Majesty's screw steamer Itlexible, now at anchor in
Hong Kong, and will be sent to Calcutta in about a week
from this date. Until he is actually away from China a
species of fear of what may follow from intercourse with
us is supposed to lie on the native mind. The Chinese
new year, thereorP, will be inaugurated by a removal of
the incubus.

" The allied Ambassadors proceed northwards in about
three weeks from this date ' • that is to say, it is so re-
ported. At present, their Excellencies, in conjunction
with the United States' Commissioner, Mr. Reed, are
busy at Canton. in settling the details of a Custom-house
establishment. As a measure in which the American
can join us without a compromise of neutrality, it is
more than likely that an inspect,rsbip, similar to that
obtaining at Shanghai, will be the form adopted.
"The Chinese say that not more than tan chops of
this year's Canton teas are likely to be brought forward,
and of silk little or none, the bulk of the latter local pro-
duce having already found its way through the port cf
Macao.

" Mokb, the Tartar General, desirous of age. rtaining
the casualties among his followers, assembled about 600
of them the other day, without in the first placa giviog
notice to the allied Commissioners. Th. 9 being deemed
nspiCcious Mokh was placed under arrest, and the men's
z_
Promise not atd other equipage taken away from them,
......_1),
eurdx:._.no to offend in a similar manner the arrest
„-;;Z:n.,...gif
reßeperts of an intended attack on the
on to
naviLimmtkooed the Commiseionere, Pih was called
saucy ' braves , ..,,,Mtht4l4l be pursued towards the
partially allayed ainiet,ornitillLtnee.aures taken have
body of Marines and 594,1% fretrat tt:?,'4of reetovinu the
rear of what was old China-street, indica:es
the following announcement of the ' re-esta.bWalM4ol:t -
tranqU'llit7' is
som7'llNatOlTlFeimCaattuioreN:. ' °l
i potieln'tli.:riaftdoerstihgenierd MI, lailehst°i:smmthlei°4laerceenanod! P 1
Greatent
1 Britain and the Erepr,r cf the French deem it Frey,

to state, for general information, that Canton having
been captured by the allied British and French forces
the city and suburbs are in military occupation and
under martial law.
Tranquillity being re-established the Commanders-
in-Chief of the allied forces have already declared that
:he blockade of the river and port of Canton will be
raised on the 10th inst., and have made public the con-
ditions under which persons, other than Chinese, desir-
ous to wit the city or suburbs, will be permitted to do
so after the blockade shall have been raised.

" 'Under these circumstances the undersigned declare
that the city and suburbs will continue in military occu-
pation and under martial law until further notice ; but
that hostile operations against China, except such m the
Commanders-in-Chief of the allied forces may consider it
necessary to adopt for the security of their military
position in Canton, are for the present suspended.
"'Beyond the limits of the military operation the
relations of British or French subjects, and of persons
entitled to British or French protection, with the
Chinese, are regulated by the provisions of the existing
treaties.

" ' ELGIN AND KINCARDINE.
" ' Baron Gros.

" ' Canton, Feb. 6.'

"A combined expedition of Mandarin junks and
English gunboats was started by Captain Eta on the
morning of Wednesday last, to scour the Fatshan,
Hamilton, and Moneypenny creeks for pirates. As
the Lee, Haughty, and Kestrel, with the pinnaces
of the Tribune, Highflyer, Acorn, and Phiegethon
(French), and four Mandarin junks in tow of the
Lee, passed Fabtee there was a great tzeneation among
the natives at the sight of the red and blue burgee,
the distinguishing flag of the flotilla. Lieutenant
Graham, in chief command, was directed to be back off
Canton as yesterday. Captain Edgell, in conjunction
with a Chinese mandarin, will continue to send out
similar squadrons until the whole of the adjacent waters
are safe to traders ; the first step towards China open.'
"The arrival of the 70th Bengal Native Infantry has
given much satisfaction to the garrison. On Thursday
last the men were inspected by General Van Strauben-
zee on the Tartar parade ground, and complimented on
their efficiency at drill. Present at the inspection were
the wives of two of the officers—the first English ladies
ever seen within the city. Prior to the arrival of these
native troops the average rest for all hands was 2i nights
in bed out of the seven ; but, as the General does not
harass the men with unnecessary drill or assemblage,
work is taken to kindly, and they are in excellent health.
"A morning or two after the landing of the first de-
tachment of the Bengal Native Infantry three men were
unfortunately shot by French sentries. The conse-
quences might have been serious had the men had their
arms at the time. From all we can learn the French
were not justified in their precipitancy—indeed it is
haray safe to walk slang the streets in the vicinity of a
French guard at any time. The other day a poor fel-
low quietly selling sugar-cane received a bullet in the
leg and died under amputation. The shot was intended
for a youngster who had been guilty of some trifling
peculation and was running away.
" We had almost forgotten to say that the site deter-
mi .ed on for the foreign bctorisq extends from the Five
Gooll Gate below the Ditch Fly Li? to Lou oil C0n-
,,00-hou,e (Mowqua-street)—the French taking the sec-
tion lowest down, the English the next up, and the
Americans as of yore. The wall of the new city
torms the best protection in the world against fire,
and a Praya along the S.rand will render the site the
most commodious imaginable. As to the chi city,
abent 40 sign board., bearing in large white letters on
a black ground Rue de l'Est, Rue des greniers, Rue du
Sad. Rue Haute, Rue de la Folic, Rue de l'Execution,
Rue de la Parade, &c., sufficiently indicate its future
fete and permanent holding. The boards f)r the ' Road
to the Cathedral,' and the ' Street of the Church of our
Lady,' are not painted yet."