The Sun.
London, England, 1867-08-06 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF

night.
The Duke of Cambridge, Field-Marshal Com-
manding-in-Chief, paid a lengthened visit to Alder-
shot yesterday and reviewed the whole of the divi-
sion at that station. The Commander-in-Chief had
expressed his intention of visiting Aldershot on
Friday week, but the heavy rain on that day pre-
vented the review and field-day taking place, and
the Duke postponed his visit until yesterday.
The division, to the number of 6,667 of all ranks,
paraded yesterday morning, and, marching to the
com,-non, formed upon Eelmoor-hill, facing
south, the infantry (12 regiments) in line of
contiguous column at quarter distrance in front,
and the cavalry, with the Royal Horse
Artillery, on either flank in rear, and two field
batteries in open column of batteries in rear
of all. His Royal Highness—who was accom-
panied by Colonel C. R. Egerton, Deputy-Adjt.-
General ; Col. E. R. Wetherall, C. 8., Deputy-
Quartermaster-General ; Col. Gloucester Gambier,
C. 8., RA., Deputy-Adjt.-General of Artillery ;
and attended by Col. T. H. Clifton, Aide-de-Camp
_travelled by the ordinary train, arriving at Farn-
borough at 10.30. The Prince of Teck also accom-
panied the Commander-in-Chief. The Royal
party rode slowly across the common to the division,
which presented arms as soon as the centre of the
line was reached. Lieut.-Gen. the
Yorko Scarlett, K.C.8., having joined his Royal
Highness, the troops were inspected from right to
left of the front line and from left to right of the
rear line. Position having been taken up at the
saluting point, the division marched past, the artil-
lery and cavalry in open column of batteries and
squadrons at a walk, and the infantry
time .in open
The
column of grand divisions in quick
cavalry, royal horse artillery, and field batteries
afterwards passed the saluting point at a trot, and
the infantry in mass of brigades at quarter dis-
tance, and again by brigades, in contiguous column
also at quarter distance. The troops then formed
up in order of battle on the ground occupied by
them prior to the march p, and s
manoeuvres were gone through in opposing an
enemy marching from the southward on Aldershott
camp. After a very fatiguing day the troops re-
turned to quarters about 3 o'clock. The field state
of the day showed 1,097 cavalry, 749 artillery,
4,770 infantry and engineers, and 54 military police.
The day was fine, but the dust, as usual, was a great
drawback, the troops being occasionally hid in dense
clouds of it. His royal highness and suite returned
to town by an afternoon train.
Brigadier-General Sir Alfred Horsford, K.C.8.,
commanding the 3d Brigade at Aldershott, having
been granted leave of absence from the 22d of July
to the 31st of August, on account of ill health, Col.
Greer, C.B. (68th Regiment), has assumed the
command of the bvigade, and will continue to com-
mand until the Brigadier-General's return.

31. LOUIS VEUILLOT ON 1103 IE.

Miscellaneous Foreign News

keeper.
As soon as one arrives at the revolutionary
frontier, the Italian gendarmes make their appear-
ance, ornamented with incredible plumes. These
gendarmes with plumes are without end. Mignon
ought now to sing :
Connais-tu le pays ob. flenrit le gendarme ?
I was not subjected to the fumigation, as I judged
it better not to leave my seat in the carriage, where
—thanks, no doubt, to my character as layman—
the gendarmes left me in peace ; but in revenge
my fellow-passengers had to undergo the opera-
tion, in various forms, five times in twenty-four
hours. These absurd formalities, sanatory, or
appertaining to the Custom-house, which, moreover,
only extended to a section of the travellers, taken
at hazard, were freely accompanied by words of
insult. A venerable, wearied out with the arrogant
minutia of these visits, cried out, " What do you
take us for?" " For priests, and that's enough,"
was the reply. Many examples of such ill
pleasantry are related.
Nevertheless, it must be acknowledged that
towards those who resisted them they were yielding.
Near Ancona, where they showed themselves par-
ticularly troublesome, a French bishop refused
point-blank to be fumigated. He said to the
Italians that it was they, and not he, who had the
pest, and ordered them to withdraw. They obeyed;
but the bishop could not compel them to allow him
to continue his journey, for the corresponding train
had started.
The present aspect of Florence is not contagious.
There we behold a people ragged in every sense ;
scandals of every kind, utter degradation of the
intelligence, in the form of pamphlets, of adver-
tisements, of photographs, and of caricatures, are
to be seen among the chefs-d'ceurre of the past ; and
also, this is without inventive power or dash ; an
insipid and hideous copy of all the insipid and
hideous things which have been done elsewhere.
Florence, in which the intellectual life of revo-
lutionary Italy finds its centre, has not a man, not
an artist, not a pamphlet writer, not a caricaturist
to show to the world. It is a contemptible workshop
of contemptible counterfeits.
Beggars abound, and a greater number are to be
met with in the short distance between Florence and
Firsole than are to be found in the whole of Romar e.
But scandalous exhibitions eclipse even the beggs.
This evil moves about; grimaces offend the eyes,
the ears, and decency. Such, in its glory of being
capital of Italy, the proud city which once acknow-
ledged only the Christ as its Sovereign Lord, the
city of Cimabrue, of Dante, of 13runelleschi, of
Savonarola, of Michael Angelo, of the Medici—now
the city of the Garibaldis, of Dolfis, and of the
Egeria who is called Madame Urbain. Poor Dante
is held in Florence in great honour. Ills statue is
set up in the salons of every inn, by the side of those
of Garibaldi and of Victor Emmanuel. His Etruscan
profile, with its austere majesty, seems strangely
out of place in such company. We fancy we hear
his haughty words :-
0 souvra tutte mal creata plebe
Che stai nel loco onde parlar è duro!
\
After a certain fashion, then, the Moniteur speaks
the truth. It is certain that those who were com-
pelled to prolong, as we have related, their voyage
On his return from Rome M. Louis Veuillot of pleasure in Italy, have not repented of it—
comments, in his accustomed brilliant and incisive I although the " pleasure" was wanting.
Moniteur gives of , But there are mishaps about which it is not be-
style, on the account which the
the celebrations at Rome, and of the present poli- seeming to speak more. The pilgrimage of Catholic
tical and religious state of Italy. After describing Europe to Rome in 1867 will have, of a certainty,
that account " as meagre, very unintelligible, with-
formed of later, and which the world will know,
other consequences, which the Moniteur will be in-
out transparent ill-will," he says it yet contains
some errors which spring simply from the ignorance even though the Moniteur were always to be silent
of the editor—an ignorance which is neither in-
upon them. None of those who witnessed th
elf
at
voluntary nor premeditated, but proceeds from the scene will ever forget it. I must accuse mys
of having related it very indifferently.
noble disdain which such inconsiderable things as
Down there, or to speak better, there above, there
Papal Allocutions and the Address of the Episco-
pate inspire in such men as the writers in the was no time for waiting, much less for word-paint-
ilbmiteur. After these introductory remarks M. ing• The matter and the light overpowered the
workmen. They who lived in that vortex of ideas
Veuillotthus proceeds :
Even though the Moniteur does not know Latin and of wonders will excuse me. Alone in Europe,
Rome has preserved the elements of spiritual mag-
so perfectly as it knows English, its scholarly ver-
nificence. It is the unique theatre of a unique
sions seem to be not without malice. We cannot
thing ; it is Rome, and it has the rope. But Rome
conceal from ourselves that the Moniteur has a
itself for centuries has never seen the Pope in
slight contempt for us. But, after all, it is a gentle ,
such splendour, and perhaps no Pope ever appeared
contempt, and we are only too glad that that
which
has just taken place in Rome should not be more
so manifestly in his character of head of the human
race, surrounded by the pastors of all nations holding
openly ridiculed.
The official journal seizes the opportunity of con- the keys of heaven and speaking the words of life.
menting once more on the general pacification We are told in tones of anger that Rome at the
same time is besieged and mined, that its words
which has arisen in Italy in regard to the religious
Moniceur of life fall on a multitude irritated or indifferent
question. It is a long time now since the
from whom the only response is words of death.
has looked upon Italian matters in so favourable
ignorant of it,
a manner. It does not do so without a purpose. We are not and none of those who
were at Rome but on entering it came across this
Moliere sketches somewhere a Dorine or a Nerine
multitude which presses round its walls on every
who shrinks from no difficulties, and who is woman
side. The crowd is dense. Those who came from
enough to marry the Grand Turk with the republic
the ends of the earth could not take a step without
of Venice. The Moniteur wants to marry the Pope
meeting it, and without having the opportunity of
to modern Italy ; it would all be well were it
stipulated that the children should be brought up learning its indifference and of hearing its blas-
in the Catholic religion ; but, on the contrary, the , Phemies•
condition is to omit this clause, and hence the There are Free-thinkers and hangmen
in China,
enlightened minds in the Mallaccas, subscribers to
difficulty. Nerine, that is to say, the Moniteur, is
the statue of Voltaire among the Flat Heads and
not discouraged by so slight a matter. To believe
Pierced Noses. In the Oceanic isles, among those
it, the love is such on both sides, that this paltry
dispute is being quickly put aside. Let us marry,
people who would not be thought to belong to the
and the children shall be brought up as they like.
human race, if they had not the essential charac-
teristics of the race, the brewing of intoxicating
We, however, did not see that matters were so
drinks, and the art of prolonging tortures as soon
forward, either on the Catholic side or the Italian.
as any missionaries show themselves—a third talent
According to the Moniteur " the Italians (Catholics)
has made itself known in the production of a kind
who came to Rome abstained from all manifests-
of Charivari. In less than no time the nomad
bons that might appear to have a political mean-
population has poets, engravers, wits, who furnish
ins ;" and in the welcomes with which the Holy 1
arguments against the Priests; and all this is as well
Father was everywhere received, " no utterances of
a political character were remarked." Will the as at Paris and at Florence, and destroys even with
Aloniteur allow us to say that this account is crro- greater facility. Yes, verily Rome is besieged, and
the besiegers are multitudes, nevertheless the spec-
mous? In the first place, the Italians of the tacle was none the less sublin_e of beholding the
hundred cities who were presented to the Holy
Father by the Marquis Boschetti, to the number Pope in the midst of five hundred bishops, showing
of twelve or thirteen hundred, never gave them- them the world, showing them Paris, London,
selves as partizans of Italian Unity, and the Holy Florence, Honolulu, and Pekin and Llassa, and the
Father did not receive them as such. If the rest of the earth, and saying to them : Ite, docete !
The
Moniteur will reproduce their Address and the y passed and repassed ; they pierced through
answer of the Holy Father, all the prefects, all the the multi
crossed over the sands, over waves and mountains
mayors, all the officials of the empire will be con-
vinced of it. Secondly, Italians and others, all and rolls of paper, and nothing will hinder the
those who welcomed the Holy Father, took particu- Gospel from being preached to every creature.
lar care to cry out, " Long live the Pope-King I"
an utterance eminently political. Were the Moniteur
to maintain the contrary a thousand times, not one
of those who were at Rome would believe it on
its oath. About Italy, the Moniteur gives other
assurances " of perfect tranquillity," which likewise
are not verified by facts. " The railways," it says,
" having offered special facilities, numerous parties
of pilgrims resolved to follow vp their religious
pilgrimage by some excursions simply of pleasure,
and it is certain that they did not repent of it—
thanks to the spirit of conciliation which is begin-
ning to spread throughout Italy." 0, .Moniteur,
what a French fashion of speaking ! 0, Nerine,
what illusions ! The truth is that these worthy
Italians did what they could to vex, to insult, and
to annoy the " pilgrims ;" and they did not suc-
ceed ill.
Among the prophecies more or less authentic,
which have pervaded Italy for the
_last twenty
years, and all of which announce misfortune, there
is one which the pilgrims to Rome have seen ful-
filled to the letter. It declares that in the reign
of Charles Albert Italy shall fall under the yoke of
a puerile people—popolo puerile—which shall heap
derision on it. It is the people of the Revolution ;
one cannot be mistaken--a people insolent, wicked.

We hear that negotiations are in progress for the
acquisition of British Columbia to the United States.
The inhabitants of Vancouver's Island and the settle-
ments on the mainland find themselves left out in
the cold by the consolidation of the British Pro-
vinces into the dominion of Canada, and, at the
same time, hemmed in by the transfer to the United
States of Russian America. Under these circum-
stances they appear to desire annexation. Another
report is circulated that Mr. Seward contem-
plates the purchase of the Island of Madeira.
The treaty with the Sandwich Islands is about to
be submitted to the Senate. Though termed reci-
procity, it is made wholly in favour of Hawaiian
sugar planters and the sugar consumers of the Pacific
States, by which a loss will accrue to the revenue of
half a million dollars. Ia 1866 the exports of the
islands to the United States amounted to over
$1,500,000, while the imports from the United
States were little more than half, of which a large
portion were stores forwarded to American whalers
cruising in these waters. The goods consumed by
the islanders do not exceed $2,000,000, of which
only a portion comes from the Union. The

foreigners, who mainly cultivate the estates, desire
either annexation or such a treaty, hut they pre-
ferred the treaty, as it gave them the benefits unen-
cumbered with the drawbacks. The President has
also transmitted to the Senate, for ratification, the
Treaty between the United States, Great Britain,
France, and Japan, which, in common with that
of the Sandwich Islands, will probably be ratified.
The committee to inquire into the treatment of
Northeners in Confederate prisons have issued a
circular calling on those to come forward who are
able to give information on the subject. The de-
bate in the House on the appointment of this com-
mittee was very warm. The House was asked to
instruct the committee to investigate the alleged
ill-treatment of Southerners in Federal prisons, but
this was refused. The speeches turned on the re-
sponsibility of stopping the exchanges, for which
General Butler has been much blamed. He was a
Federal Commissioner when the exchanges ceased,
but he alleges the order of General Grant. General
Ould acted for the Confederates, and proposed to
exchange 20,000 sick and wounded Federals for an
equal number of Confederates. This statement
appeared in the National 1 ntelligencer, but General
Butler denied its truth in the House, producing
papers to show that no message relating to such an
exchange ever passed between himself and General
Ould. Mr. Eldridge, in defence of Ould, stated
that if that officer had been a rebel so bad Wash-
ington, and Hancock, and Adams ; all were rebels
until success bad made them patriots. Mr. Eldridge
was not, however, successful in his defence, for he
sat down under a storm of hisses, which lasted
many minutes after he had ceased to speak.
Mr. Cave, M.P., who proceeded to America In
the interest of the Atlantic and Great Western Rail-
way, was entertained at a dinner at Willard's
Hotel on the 18Lh iust. Though invitations were
sent to a large number of prominent men, not many
responded. Mr. Banks proposed " The House of
Commons, the first Representative Assembly in
Europe." In replying, Mr. Cave dwelt at length
on the mistakes entertained in America regarding
the attitude of the British people during the war, I
whose neutrality, he was bound to say, was a reality
' and not a sham—on the identity of interests be-
tween the nations—on sympathy in England with
abolitionists—and on the furtherance of despotic
designs which would result from a war between
England and America, a war that would be wit-
nessed with joy by the despotic powers of Europe.
He closed his speech with a free-trade sentiment.
AClhr.
a.
nSdpl
eera,ker
and
others Colfax, Senn,a t
followedors, Swhheernm avne,r
kindlyyWilso
feeloin
pnio
giswn thatuttered,ereisnow inaki
whichsnhowcvetohnesrttrsone vgednrift
of f
those who not long since expressed great intero-
national animosity.
General Butler is a curious study. The audacity
of his nature characterises all his actions. No man
has brought on his shoulders a greater amount of
odium, or borne it with more unbending resolution.
There are many who believe in him—in his
sincerity, his ability, and strength of character ;
but all believe in his impudence. He got up a
special committee to examine into the administra-
tion of the Ordnance Bureaux. That committee
has adjourned to October 23, after passing this re-
solution :—" Resolved—That the Secretary of War
be requested to suspend the alteration of muzzle-
loading Springfield rifles into breechloaders of
reduced calibre, as is now being done, by which all
ammunition for infantry now on hand will be
rendered useless, until such alteration, its expense,
utility, and objects can be investigated by the com-
mittee." Now this is not a bad resolution for
General Butler, considering that he has an interest
in another mode of converting ordinary muskets
into breechloaders, which he is said to have urged
on the Government, but which they decline to
adopt.
The interview between Generals Sherman and
Hancock at Fort Harker is over, and the former
has returned to St. Louis, the latter to Fort
Leavenworth. Whatever may be the ultimate
result of the conference, the Indian troubles con-
tinue, and the last news recor is the capture of a
train near Fort Larned. Bishop Laing and ten
other Roman Catholic priests, together with six
sisters of charity, were taken by the savages. The
men were of course killed and scalped—the women
carried off. The expenses of the war are becoming
very heavy, and telling severely on the Treasury.
Over one million dollars a week are now expended
with every prospect of a considerable increase. The
difficulties of carrying on a civilised system of war-
fare against such an enemy, without a point of at-
tack or a base of operations, is increased in propor-
tion to the magnitude of the campaign. Colonel
Leavenworth, the Indian Agent at Fort Harker,
has been directed not to distribute any more an-
nuity goods among the tribes until peace is restored
The Commissioner of Indian affairs has reported to
the Senate that the difficulties have mainly
arisen from unfair treatment and the oppres-
sion to which the Indians have been sub-
jected by the Government, adding that if proper
means be used these difficulties may be easily set-
tled. Congress passed a bill appointing a com-
mission of Generals Sherman, Hancock, Augur,
and Barney, together with Kit Carson and other
civilians, to treat for peace, with power to select
lands for the settlement of the tribes. If they fail
in inducing the Indians to bury the hatchet, they
are directed to adopt vigorous means, calling out
volunteers from States or Territories, and enlisting
for the war the practised hunters and rovers of the
frontier. It has been always found that such per-
sons are better qualified for the guerilla style of
fighting than regulars ; and this war is no excep-
tion. What befel the English in New Zealand is
occurring now with the United States troops in the
Far West. The balance of killing is against the
white men, and every red man's scalp is calculated
to have cost $70,000. It is in vain to cry Out
against the generals, who cannot accomplish im-
possibilities, and it is equally vain to talk of a sharp
and decisive war, which cannot be carried out.
We shall discuss this subject more fully in our next
issue.

Surratt's defence proceeds slowly. Only one wit-
ness was examined on Wednesday, the 17th ult.,
but it was announced that the testimony for the
defence would be closed on Thursday, in which they
failed, as five of the expected witnesses had not ar-
rived. Mr. Bradley assured the court that they
would be in attendance on the 20th July. The de-
sign of Surratt's counsel is to prove an alibi. Judge
Fisher has ruled against receiving some important
testimony, such as thehotelregister at Canandaigua,
New York, where it is alleged Surratt was on April
15, proving that he could not have been in
Washington on the day of the assassination, or in
Burlington, Vermont, on Monday, 17th April,
where the prosecution attempted to show he had
dropped a handkerchief. Also that the compact
was signed by the Confederates Booth, Payne,
Harold Atzerodt, but not by Surratt. The docu-
ment was burned through fear, and from the same
cause nothing was said about it at the time of the
conspiracy trial. James Matthews, the actor, who
offers testimony on this subject, affirms that he had a
perfect recollection of the paper. Great difference of
opinion appears to exist in America as to the rela-
tive weight of the evidence against and for Surratt.
We are inclined to think that this discussioess of
n and
free exercise of opinion by the public pr
America is unfair to the prisoner and to
affirmed
the court. On the one hand it is openly
who was
that the President pardoned Caineron,
deeply committed by the rebellion, for the express
purpose of swearing to Surratt's innocence. Another
party declare that the presiding Judge has shown a
decided leaning towards the prosecution. The one
party state it to be impossible for the jury to acquit
the prisoner in the face of the overwhelming evi-
dence of guilt ; the other cannot see how any jury
can on such testimony convict a man of murder.
The question of guilt or innocence has degenerated
into a political squabble, which perhaps is fortunate
for Surratt, as the jury under such circum-
stances are not likely to agree. Every we who
bears witness in this remarkable case is covered with
dirt. No sooner has he made his statement than
he is proved to have committed all sorts of crimes,
and to be utterly unworthy of belief. It matters
not whether he is for theprosecution like Dr.
M`Millan, or for the defence like Mr. Cameron. Iu
the meantime attention has been attracted over the

border by a fierce dispute between the La Minerve
of Montreal and the Montreal Witness. The latter
having denounced the Roman Catholic priests who
had concealed Surratt, the former journal makes
this remarkable statement :—" We could have pub-
lished long ago the name of a Protestant clergyman,
whose letter is before us, who himself originated the
idea of assassinating President Lincoln. The Con-
federate agents in Canada, whose answer we also
hold, declined the proposal, and the clergyman then
resorted to a private attempt. If need be, we could
give his name and the place where he is at present
residing in one of the Northern States, in a city
well known, where he occupies an important post
and is respected."
Amongst the subjects which have occupied the
attention of Congress is the decline in American
ship-building. What that decline has been may be
judged by the fact that the firm of the Westervelts,
who in 1850 built 13,000 tons, have launched within
the last 18 months a single vessel of 310 tons. The
Arago was the last of the great ocean steamers, if
we except the three vessels for the Pacific mail ser-
vice. In 1850 70,000 tons of merchant ships were
built in the yards of New York. Now these yards
are silent, or constructing only small vessels for the
coasting trade. The difficulty is to apply a remedy
that will be effectual in restoring the country to
the proud position it occupied six years ago, when
the Stars and Stripes flew over the greatest number
of sea-going ships, and Great Britain stood but
second in the lists of its mercantile marine. Nor
does this represent fully the real position America
then occupied, for a large number of the swiftest
ships which sailed from English ports, under the
EnOsh flag, had been constructed in the States. An
eminent ship builder of New York, writing to the
limes of that city, recommends the removal of all
taxes on ship-building materials, adding that with
all the necessary materials free of duty it would be
many a long and weary year before we can stand so
near the head of the line as in the proud times of
half a dozen years ago."
A movement is reported from Washington among
Congressmen to put General Sheridan forward for
the Presidency, and it is said to be gaining ground,
nitt
‘ntoposu,di
yerni
eniunnafanoti
as tenderedsdi
for it.
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independent
srtspt. orthffohoneTbel r liaephsenbtterhnoipu
slrernui
eythosriypisiemJa:
pursued
nomination
,neshaaadaehas
seiotod
though opposed by the friends of Speaker Colfax,
n
a
Chief Justice Chase, and Senator Wade. The
Raymond, as Minister to
i
e
nbEaAcei
inloueocerfrnen.
opGgeplterceeteoreaodtsnbyras
confirmed.
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posts
did not
rox,
robtnnofoalhot
trdode,
-
a
able Greene, the " grandson" whom the historian
flattered himself he had squelched. Ex-Go-
vernor Andrew will, in all probability, be
nominated as Minister to Mexico, a post at
present of the very highest importance to the
United States, and for which Mr. Otterburgh
may or may not be qualified, for few know anything
about him. It is not likely, however, that Governor
Andrew will accept the post, though patriotism may
induce him. Samuel Blatchford has been confirmed
as Judge of the -United States District Court in the
southern district of New York. Captain 11. A.
Wise, son-in-law of Edward Everett, has also been
confirmed as chief of the Naval Ordnance Bureau;
and Eugene Schuyler, of New York, to be Consul
at Mexico. The Democrats have been endeavour-
ing to secure General Grant for their candidate as
President, and Sunset Cox and other New York
members of the party proceeded to Washington to
consult the General. But Grant is too sure of his
ticket to be easily led off the course. It is as cer-
tain as sublunary affairs can be, that General Grant
will be elected next President by the Republican
party, and that the only struggle will be who is to
step in behind him as Vice-President, always pre-
suming that Grant will stand ; but this is believed
to be more than doubtful. We have heard it
positively phraesf e
rmr
iandge utop
his
m ind
declineto
remain the darling of the people
present post than to swallow all the dirtto hold his
affirmed thatth e tphree
sd Geneu eerya,l
and
falls to a President's lot.
that now
Registration proceeds in the Southern States.
At Richmond the Registration List closed on Satur-
day, the 13th July, with a coloured majority of 1,119.
At Mobile, Alabama, the number of voters registered
is 5,814. At New Orleans the negroes are in a mino-
rity, the white voters exceeding them by 20 or 30.
At Nashville the list was re-opene 1 on the 13th
July, and nearly 400 voters registered, only 13 of
whom were whites. In Florida registration com-
menced with July; but the progress is not yet
known. General Gillen, Bureau Commissioner in
Mississippi, reports that registration is proceeding
quietly in that State. Aaron Sweet, a free-born
coloured man in Cheraw district, South Carolina, is
actively canvassing for an election to Congress.
Ex-Governor Johnson of Georgia advises the people
of that State not tote Military Reconstruc-
tion Acts, but to defeat by their votes what he
terms. " A scheme for our degradation in the over-
throw of the Republican Government." Gen. Sheridan
has removed the Governor of Texas and named the
31st July as that for closing the registration in his
district.
By advices from Vera Cruz of the 11th July it
appears that Maclaine Juarez had arrived, and had
been enthusiastically received. Juarez was in the
capital, and was said to have declined a re-election
for the Presidency. Nidamri had been shot at
Queretaro, and others condemned. The execution
of Santa Anna is confirmed. Marquez was secreted
in the capital, but later advices inform us he had
succeeded in escaping. The Austrian frigate Elizabeth
was at Vera Cruz, and several Austrian sabjects
had sought shelter on board. In Northern Mexico
independent republic, and ahnave joined him. The whole country
Londe is in favour of forming that portion of the
o
armed factions, some of whom will
Mar-
quezci
soub bristling
itsirstylis
naigiadtwot t h
probably be strengthened by restless and unruly
spirits from the United States' frontier. The Wash-
ington Government will suppress any general action
of filibusters, but they cannot prevent the move-
ment of individual citizens. It is clear from Mr.
Seward's despatch that Mr. Johnson's Government
wishes to strengthen the rule of Juarez, and that he
will receive the good offices of the United States in
his attempt to rule in Mexico. The Scotia's
advices inform us that Mr. Seward has de-
cided not to send a Minister to Mexico, and Mr.
Otterburgh will therefore continue to perform
the functions. Advices from Matamores to the
15th July state that Juarez is a candidate
for re-election, w— h;
ch is more likely to be true
than the former report, as no one ever heard
of any one in Mexico surrendering anything
stolen, or honestly obtained, which could by fraud,
violence, or any other means be retained. The
report that 12 more Imperial Generals had been
silo.) and 4 Colonels at Quarctaro, had been
confirmed. Porfirio Diaz has ordered the cap-
tare of all foreign representatives refasing to
recognise the Republican Govenment. The com-
mand of the army has been given to Escobedo,
who is said to have a hankering after Maximilian's
purple—but the purple robe which is most likely to
be his is the robe purple with his life blood, as was
that in which Maximilian ended his reign. The
death of Salta Anna is again denied.
The new island that had risen so mysteriously
midway in the track of vessels bound from San
Francisco to China has disappeared, and no trace
of it can be found. Another expedition has returned
to San Francisco after au unsuccessful search. It
was stated to be in a part of the ocean peculiarly
liable to fogs, but it would be strange it a place
about which we had obtained so circlunstantial
an
account should turn out to be a mere myth.
The London College of Physicians has moved in
the direction of making the nomenclature of diseases
Universal, mainly with the view of obtaining statis-
tical data, to be applied to the elucidation of the
best means to prevent disease and death. The first
step is that the nomenclature should have a common
signification, and be everywhere used in a similar
sense. A scheme has at length been devised which
defineS the precise usage of terms, and gives to each
disease its proper position. The idea originated in
a correspondence between Dr. Durnbreck, an army
medical officer, and Dr. Gibson, and at first had
reference to a special system fer the army medical
service. The difficulties and magnitude of the de-
sign, as it grew in proportions, may be imagined

when we state that the subject first came up on the
19th July, 1857, when the College of Physicians
appointed a committee to prepare a nomenclature
of diseases, with full power to co-operate with other
bodies. A large number of representative men in
the public services were invited to aid the committee
in their objects. The army and navy medical de-.
partments, the East India Company, the Registrar-
General, the medical officer of health of the Privy
Council, the president of the College of Surgeons,
and the Apothecaries' Company took part from time to
time in the deliberations in the early sittings of the
com,nittte ; and in 1863 the representatives of the Re-
gistrars General of Scotland and Ireland, and several
other gentlemen were added to the committee. But the
final preparation of the design embraced every sec-
tion of the profession, and thus its trustworthiness,
extending over so wide a range, has b3en greatly
enhanced in value. Diseases have been arranged
in plrallel columns in English, and the Latin,
French, German, and Italian equivalents. The
Egglish names have as far as possible been used in
the manner in which they are employed by the
Registrar-General of England, so as to avoid any
serious alteration in the present form of recording
diseases, which would cause a damaging break in
statistical evidence and destroy the possibility of an
accurate comparison of past, present, and future
data, the diseases being classified according to ana-
tomical considerations. It is thought that the
scheme may ultimately solve many difficult problems
with regard to epidemics, and that the uniformly
grouped and compared phenomena will give the in-
formation from which general principles can be ex-
tracted. Dr. Farr considers that an accurate regis-
tration and classification will be of unspeakable
benefit in solving problems regarding epidemics
which " distinguish one country from another, one
year from another—have formed epochs in chrono-
logy, have decimated armies, disabled fleets, have
influenced the fate of cities, nay, of empires."
The Echoes from the Clubs is so proud of its suc-
cessful hoax, anent Prince Gortschakoff's despatch
relating to Russian intervention in Ireland, that we
beg to add to the list our contetnporary has published,
the following additional notice from the press, which
we have only to say is from the New York Nation to
secure attention :—" The Cable newsman on the
other side of the Atlantic, as might have been ex-
pected, fell easily, last week, into the trap set by
some wag in London, by the publication of a de-
spatch purporting to come from Prince Gortschakoff,
and proposing a joint European investigation into
the condition of Ireland. The hoax was rather
clumsily executed, and probably few people except
the Cable newsman were taken in by it."
It is rumoured that Mr: Schenck challenged Mr.
Bingham, both of Ohio, on account of a remark of the latter
in the House that Mr. Schenck was intoxicated. Mr.
Stevens observed—" I hope the reporters won't state that
any one in this House was drunk."
Mr. Harris presented his credentials to the Presi-
dont on the 16th of July, as Minister of the King of the
Sandwich Islands, and on the occasion made a little
speech.
Dr. Sears, President of the Peabody Fund, deli-
vered an address, on the 16th July, at Lynchburg, Vir-
ginia, where an educational convention was assembled. A
resolution was adopted in support of the general inst ruc-
tion of the people.
Gen. M'Mahon, of New York, Sylvester Mowry,
of Arizona, John Nugent, of California, and Gen. Gordon
Granger are the candidates for the post of Minister to
Mexico.
It is said that General Meagher's death was due
to delirium. He had been very much excited by a quarrel
he had on a steamer with an Irishman, and about 10 o'clock
in the evening got out of bed and walked on the deck
from which he fell.
The wife of General Meagher telegraphs that,
although the greatest exertions have been made, the
General's body has not yet been recovered.
Iletty H. Robinson, the New Bedford millionaire,
was married at New York on Thursday, July 18, to Ed-
ward 11. Green.
The Senate has rejected the appointment of Mr.
Greeley as Minister to Vienna, and General APOlerland to
Mexico.
The trustees of the State Agricaltural College will
hold a meeting at Amherst on the first Wednesday in Au-
gust, to choose a successor to President Chadbourne. Tho
Hampshire Agricultural Society has voted to establish a
scholarship in the college, and the president of the society,
Austin Eastman of Amherst, has offered to found another.
The directors of the Hampden Agricultural So-
ciety, at their meeting on Monday, July 15, decided upon
a plan for the seats on the park, and have ordered the
lumber and issued proposals for their erection. The seats
will bo 36 by 308 feet, will seat 3,000 persons, and will
have a flat roof over all. The entrance will be from
the back, which is to rest upon the dyke, and underneath
the committee and refreshment rooms will be partitioned
off.
A South Danvers schoolboy has written the fol-
lowing composition on his native town :—" South Danvers
is in the United States. It is bounded by Salem, and
reaches to Middleton. Its principal river is Goldthwaite's
brook, which empties into Salem harbour. Its principal
lake is the mill-pond, which is dry in the summer. Its
principal productions are leather, onions, the South
Church, and George Peabody. South Danvers has many
religious sects, among which are the Orthodox, who wor-
ship their minister, the Spiritualists, who worship every-
thing, and the Unitarians, who worship nothing."
The number of immigrants that arrived at New
York during the first six months of 1867 was 136,826, of
whom 28,308 came by sailing vessels, and 108,518 by

PETROLEUM AS FUEL FOR
LOCOMOTI VES.

TIDIES.—At a time when the signs in our poli-
tical horizon prompt so many predictions of stormy
weather, it is pleasant to turn to a set of facts
which, so far as they go, justify the most encou-
raging anticipations. Few historical observations
are so generally true as that great political disasters
are accompanied, if not caused, by material dis-
tress. Ju.lging by this symptom, we have not
the slightest occasion for anxiety. The return of
the Registrar-General for the last quarter exhibits
a degree of health and prosperity which is, at
least, unsurpassed, if not unexampled. The birth
rate in England during the months of April,
May, and June was the highest on record for that
quarter. It was at the rate of 3.7 42 per cent.,
and shows an increase in the number of births
over the previous spring quarter of 7,190. At
the same time, the death rate is lower than it has
been in the same season for ten years, and is below
the quarterly average. Instead of being 22 in the
thousand, which is the average, or 24, as iu the
same quarter of last year, it is only 21. The total
number of births in England was 199,619, and the
deaths 112,523 ; that the natural increase of the
people in the quarter was 87, 126, or 957 daily. In
round numbers it may be said that the English race
grows in these islands at the rate of 1,000 a day,
or that in every year a town of the size of Bir-
mingham is added to the population. In England
and Wales emigration forms but a slight check
on this increase. The spring emigration has been
for the last five years stationary or declining, and
only 16,718 persons of English origin left the
country in the past three months. It follows, there-
fore, that the actual increase in the population of
England is at the rate of more than 750 a day, and
is nearly equivalent in the whole year to the addi-
tion of a town of the size of Leeds. This certainly
does not betray a condition in which " wealth
accumulates and men decay." The men are in-
creasing side by side with the wealth. We have
said that this is a most encouraging ressult, but it also
suggests some grave reflections. If this development
of our home population is to be continued, it is
essential that employment should be found for them
by a corresponding development in the manufac-
tures or the agricultures of the country. There
can be uo doubt in which kind of industry there is
most room for growth ; and there certainly never
was a time when it was more imperative that trade
and handicrafts should be free from all restraint.
The new corners will need every opening that can
possibly be provided for them. Of course, there are
those who would pursue an opposite course, who
would look upon these fresh hands as enemies, and,
in the hope of keeping everything to themselves,
would drive the others elsewhere. That is not the
way England became prosperous, and it is not the
way to preserve its prosperity. The more hands we
get the more work they will find ; the more work
they find the more wealth they will create. It does
not make this growth less satisfactory that it is due,
in some measure, not merely to the natural fecun-
dity of people, but to our increasing success in
reducing the rate of mortality. The Registrar's
return on this head affords matter for the greatest
congratulation. It will be remembered that this time
last year we were in the midst of an alarming out-
break of cholera, and it is, perhaps, to that very cir-
cumstance that we partly owe our favourable condi-
tion at this moment. The reappearance of that epi-
demic reawakened our flagging exertions in sanitary
reform. Almost every district set its houses more or
less in order, and the clear evidence obtained as to
the manner in which the disease is propagated has
supplied a stronger motive to vigilance than existed
before. At all events, a decided improvement is
observable in the health of both town and country
districts, and this improvement is happily greatest
where it was most needed—that is, in the towns.
The town districts in England contain a population
of eleven millions, and their mortality for the last
ten spring quarters has been at the annual rate of
24 in the thousand. In the last quarter it was at the
rate of only 21 in the thousand. If this improvement
be maintained, it follows that 33,000 lives will be
saved each year in the towns alone. Of the thirteen
largest cities Birmingham was the most healthy, at
a rate of rather less than 20 in the thousand. Lon-
don comes next, with a rate of rather more than 20.
Then follow in order Bristol, Sheffield, Hull, Sal-
ford, Liverpool, Newcastle, Dublin, Manchester,
Glasgow, and Edinburgh. In the two great Scotch
cities the mortality is disgracefully high. The rate
in Glasgow is nearly 29, and in Edinburgh more
than 29 in the thousand. Scotchmen ought not to
allow themselves to be beaten in such a matter by
Liverpool. It will be seen from these figures that
London and Birmingham have been during the last
quarter more healthy than the country in general.
There can be do doubt to what such a result is to be
attributed.
THE "WESTMINSTER GAZETTE" ON A DECAY-
ING RACE.—There is always an air of beautiful
sadness surrounding the last representatives of any
race of beings. The world, in spite of all its heartless-
ness, cannot look without emotion on the last sur-
vivor of the cannibals of Tasmania any more than
on the " last rose of summer." Sensationalists
know this perfectly well. Who can enumerate
the novels bearing on their title-pages the touch-
ing name of some " Last Man !" ''We have the
" East of the Barons," and the "Last of the Mohi-
cans," and the " Last of the Bards," and the " Last
of the Tribunes," and the " Last of the Caesars."
The human heart will ever have human sympa-
thies, and these magic words will always elicit
them. They make us exclaim with the poet—
" Out upon Time ! which for ever will leave
But enough of the Past for the Future to grieve
O'er that which bath been, and o'er that which must be!"
The anti-Catholic world has been for some years
coming to the melancholy conclusion that one of
its grandest lineages is coming to an end. It is a
race more famous in its way than any of the fine
old historic families of England—the Ilowards, the
Percys, or the Talbots, and more unique than
any of the types of mediaeval society—the min-
strels, the knights, or the morrisdancers. It is the
race known by our enemies as the grand old thor-
oughbred single-minded patriotic Protestants of
England. Alas ! that it should be so, but so it is.
We might almost count up on our fingers its few
survivors of any note in this country. Among the
many-headed populace indee, there is still a con-
siderable remnant of the old heroes, as was shown
a few weeks ago in Birmingham, but among the
higher classes of Englishmen they are like the sur-
vivors of the Peninsula Campaign—few and
decrepit. About a week ago a grand meeting of
the " National Protestant Institute" was convened
at St. James's Hall, Piccadilly, for the purpose, as
the placards announced, of making " a demon-
stration in commemoration of the great Protestant
triumphs under William 111., of glorious and im-
mortal memory, and in opposition to the Jesuit
conspiracy to Papalize Church and State." The
preparations were on a large scale, though the
attendance proved but poor, and the mottoes and
inscriptions placarded throughout the Hall were
of the mostlion-taming description—"No Popery,"
"No surrender," "No Puseyism," " The Reforma-
tion and the Revolution," "For our God, our Queen,
and our Country." The Orange lodges of Eng-
land, Ireland, and Canada, were well represented.
The chair was filled by Sir William Verner, M.P.
(Where was Mr. Whalley ?) Proceedings opened
with prayer and the reading of a portion of Scrip-
ture. So far so good; but, alas ! it is quite sad-
dening to have to record the bitter feelings of dis-
appointment that nestled in the bosoms of the
patriotic speakers and found vent in all their
orations. Everything and everybody, they com-
plained, were against them. The Government was
the victim of a Jesuitical conspiracy. The public
press had taken the side of their enemies. The
spirit of Protestant England was slumbering. Sucl
were the sentiments of the Grand Masters
Deputy Grand Masters of the Orange Lodges o,
Great Britain and Canada. Have not the com-
ments of the public journals opened the eyes of
these screaming orators by this time to see that
what they take for a mere passing slumber is
really the heavy sleep of death—that real Protes-
tantism is in its last agony, and that the wisest
physicians have shaken their heads and given up
all hopes ? Protestantism may linger on, it may
andea nnever
strong.
die hard, but it is a question ofhours. It
walk about in the world again, healthy
Year by year the ranks of Protestantism are grow-
ing thinner and thinner. Its champions disappear
and there are none to take their places. Nay, the
conclusion is being gradually forced on the world
that very probably in a few years Mr. Whalley, of
Parliamentary renown, will be the sole surviving
specimen of his race, unless he fall an early
victim to his superhuman exertions in the defence
of "the glorious doctrines of the Reformation,"
or blow out his unrivalled brains (which God
forbid) by way of a mild protest against the
godlessness of the
House of Commons. It
is easy to
recognise in the orators of St.
James's Hall the true descendants of the failing
stock of genuine Protestantism. The badge of
orthodoxy is not any elaborate system of theology,
any more than a high standard of life or morals.
A true Protestant is as likely to be a jolly squire
or a rollicking gamester as a pious parson or a
learned divine, but one thing he always is—a
" good hater." Thetiodlnd.fatshhaitonleodokPsrolitkeestaitn.t
hates
Popery and every _ _
hatred may not be on any very definite grounds,—
it is instinctive, yet it is a broad, strong, practical
hatred. Added to that is a clear conviction that
everything in thet_Pofpaiistliii Cmhoiriarlcsh,
eidsololiadteizsloyvearnyd-
thino•
hopelessly corrup
There may possibly here and there be a
bunt fi. cle Papist just as there may he an honest Jew
ger, but the chances are very
or a poetical gicaYen

steamers.
The Neu, York home Journal announces an en-
terprise of startling magnitude as about to be undertaken,
viz., the construction of a tunnel under the Atlantic, con-
necting the Now with the Old World. Our contemporary
says that the most eminent engineers in America and in
England have been consulted, that they consider the work
as perfectly feasible, though requiting, of course, a good
deal of time and money, and that the necessary capital will
be " forthcoming." By their calculations, £500,000,000 will
complete the job.
The base-ball match at Worcester, Thursday
morning, July 18, between the Yale and Halyard freshmen,
was won by the former, 38 to 17, after a game of three
hours.

The steamer North American, that went ashore
at Anticosti, has been got off and towed by the steamer
Austrian into Gaspe, whence she will be taken to Quebec.

A series of experiments to determine the value o
petroleum as fuel for locomotives, took place at the
shops of the Warren and Franklin Railroad at
Irvineton, in Pennsylvania, not long since.
The apparatus used was Spence's burners. It is
described as consisting of a pan covering the
bottom of the fire-box in the locomotive, and taking
the place of grates. On the pan are placed heaters
or gas-generators, six in number, consisting of in-
clined plates of cast iron, supported at an angle of
45 deg. ; opposite to each heater is an injector con-
veying the oil to the heater, where it is instantly
converted into gases, oxygen being also furnished to
the gases in their nascent state for combustion. The
oil is contained in a tank on the tender, from which
it is conveyed by feed-pipes to the injectors, each
pair of injectors being controlled by a throttle, by
means of which the fire is regulated as readily as
the light of a lamp.
The locomotive used weighed 31. tons, and was
of one 150 horse- power. No cars were attached.
Under 851bs of steam the locomotive passed over
four miles of track in less than eleven minutes. All
in the patty agree that oil may supersede wood and
coal in railroad use.—The Albion.

EXTRAORDINARY REAPPEARANCE.—In the SUM- '
mer of last year, a young man named John Henderson, of
Brampton, disappeared suddenly from his native place, and
shortly afterwards a paragraph appeared in the newspapers
stating that on the 10th of June, 18E6, he was drowned at
sea while attempting to save the life of a lady who had
fallen overboard from a yes O. Everybody believed this
report, and Henderson was universally accounted dead;
but a day or two ago, to the astonishment of all who had
known him before he had left Brampton, he reappeared
and went' among his acquaintances as though he had
merely been away for a short trip. He is now employed in
the American merchant service.—Carlisle Journal.
THE HARVEST IN THE EAST.—liarvest opera-
tions will be in full swing in the eastern district in about
ten days. In the neighbourhood of Ilalesworth wheat
promises to be a fair although not a bulky crop. Barley
on mixed and well-farmed soils in the same district looks
well, but on the strong soils the prospect is not so good,
and an average crop is not anticipated, either as regards
quantity or quality. Beans are a fair crop, and peas aro
about an average. In Norfolk the wheats aro strong and
bulky, but the quality of the sample and the weight of the
grain will depend on the weather of the next month. Bar-
leys have somewhat improved, but aro not expected to
prove a liberal crop. Oats, beans, and peas will be a full
, average.

COLCHESTER--Auck. 3.
This market was very moderately supplied with wheat'
but business was steady. Last week's prices unaltered.
Harvest will not be general for another week or ten days.
Wheat, white 4Bs
red 72s 763 ; Beans, Mazagan......33s 3's
686 71s ddle and small._ 44s
MI
Barley ... l2B 483 Peas, white 383 424
Oats grey ..30 12%

CHELMSFO.
To-day the supply of grai
were scarce. Wheat decline(
limited trade. Most descripti
at late rates.

IRD—AUG. 2.
In was pretty fair, but buyers
d is to 2s per qr., with a very
ions of Spring corn stood firm

Whedt, old white....sBs 72s
new 7ss
old red '64 66s
new. 61s 70s
Barley.... ..268 33s
Chevalier I's 53s
Grind .n? '6B 328
Malt 66s 748
Chevalier 68a 7di
Oats •• 2os 268

Peas, Partridge ...... 4r e 4
86
htte ..348 36
B ........ 363 409
Dun.
ditto, new....--0
Beans, Tick, old ......405 459
new. ...309 434
Harrow ticks.42o 463
MazAganne.V. .. 4453:

ABERDEEN,--AuG. 2.
At our market to-day there was a quiet business done,
with a thin attendance. Prices for all kinds of grain were
on a par with last week
White wheat 58s Od to 63s Od 1).
621 b il bushel.
lied wheat ....50s Od to 58s Od
Potato oats
Common oats 22865 s 06dd ttoo 22975 s 00dd 40th bushel.
i
Pere 35s Gd to 3Gs Gd
531 b V bushel.
Barley 35s Gd to 3Gs Gd pita•
Oatmeal 20s 6d to 21s 6d ?boll of 28 ...
Flour, fine 52s Od to 51s Od 11 sack of 280
11

KIRKCALDY—At G. 3.
Small supplies of wheat, two qrs barley, and no oatth
Wheat is below the currencies of last week.
Wheat. Barley. Oats.
First 61s 6d ' 37s 6d --s 6d
second 62s Od 1 Od s
--5 Od
Tuird 6ls Od —s Od