The Sun.
London, England, 1858-08-10 00:00:00

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CANADA.

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I seemingly quite re;uventlthfie(elr-7-sho;nitt'llt-,;ay.ite:l4Ciittb..,. .01' 3:
I soafidNte:r'
eeseamletblolenitahafts
ofm
are good grounds for hop;ng tha'. the iailant Cana-
dian, Mtg 1.4
hero may find, in his new position, new strength
to enable him to complete inte w leisatisfactoryancitis;i co
rnainnoanie;
difficulttheh The
iu
e s
question of a
tasko o f or g
federalani sing
h
union of the British.
T
North American provinces was again brought up il
Parliament, this time in the Upper House. The
President of the CounciFthought the motion for an
address to the,Queen on the subject ought not to be
pressed at present. During the present year he ex-
pected all the great colonial questions at present
open would be settled. He alluded to the Hudson's
Bay Territory, the Intercolonial Railway, and the
new colony which was about to be created on the
shores of the Pacific.
On Saturday last the Governor-General assented
quick
; which
toitl i
ck passed through between 50 and 60 bills, chiefly of a private na-
ture
time.but
Ns
amongst them was the Grand Trunk Bill,
the Upper House in double
doubt the session will be brought
to an eed in a few days,
.lp roebraebloyiedeudriantgittshepresent
week, and everybody s
termina-
tion. The final vote on the passage of the Grand
Trunk Bill, in the Lower House, stood 46 to 40.
The double majority system was declared an absur-
dity, and repudiated by a vote of 65 against the 33
for the principle.
The debate on Mr. Lyon M`Kenzie's motion for a
repeal of the union occasioned some capital speaking
from both sides of the house. The Premier, Abe
Macdonald, the Commissioner of Crown Lands,
and also some of the Opposition leaders,
highly distinguished themselves in the debate, but
Mr. D'Arcy M`Gee made the speech of the evening,
and again delighted a most attentive audience by a
brilliant display of oratorical power. The most
striking peculiarity of this gentleman's style, because
not altogether expected from him—at least since hie
appearance in our political arena—is not so much the
well turieed graceful sentence, the ready wit, the
fund of information, or the copious flow of language
which distinguish the speeches of Mr. M`Gee, as the
tone of moderation and sincerity which pervade them,
and which renders them particularly impressive upon
the audience, who never listen to the orator without
experiencing pleasure and at the same time carrying
away with them much matter for deep and earnest
reflection. The following peroration of the lion,
gentleman's speech on the above question drew forth
hearty applause :
"The Protestants of Upper Canada were a great people.
Let them speak out openly and boldly. Let Catholics speak
out with equal boldness ; let both parties remember their
common country, and find such a common mean as would
satisfy Ix th. Then we should put down that organised
bigotry which bvuke out everywhere when it was least ex-
pected; which from its subterranean cisterns drew up the
draughts which made men mad. This country had glorious
resources and a great destiny in store for it. If the Catholic
was not afraid of the Protestant—and he (Mr. M`Gee) was
afraid of no men who openly expressed their opinions—if the
Protestant was not afraid of the Catholic—if both were
candid with each other, and showed each other
their wants; then we should have a better and nobler Ca-
nada. Then we should have none of those village murders,
those church buruings, like that at Mount Forest the other
day; no Corrigan murders, no Farrell murders; but the
two races in Canada, like the waters of the Ottawa and the
St. Lawrence—one river though two streams, would flow
on in peace until they met those titles of commerce and
prosperity in which both should pass to the great future
that this country must attain if not prevented by our
faults, our fully, or our fanatici stn."
The following very sensible remarks were made
by the lion. Mr. Harwood, a gentleman who
is allied to a French-Canadian heiress, and enjoys
in consequence the title of Seigneur of Vaudreuil."
Mr. Harwood contended that " the people of Canada
had contributed their fair share towards developing the
greatness of the united province, Lower Canada had
greater territory than Upper Canada, he believed it
had at least an equal population, and it had posses-
sion of the sea-board. In these respects Lower
Canada stood in a position of equality with Upper
Canada. It had been demonstrated that the St;
Lawrence was the best inlet into the heart of the
continent, and he thought it not at all improbable
that 50 years hence Montreal or Quebec would be
the largest port in America. He thought the two
provinces could get on harmoniously. They had
made immense progress in material wealth since the
union, and their best interests, he conceived, would
be injured by a eaverance." The debate on the im-
portant change contemplated by the motion was ad-
journed; but it is hardly probable that the question will
again engage the consideration of the house during
the present cession. Everybody well knows that
differences exist between the two sections of the pro-
vince, and that without mutual concessions and
careful action, disruption of the union is not impos-
sible ; at the same time, there are few people indeed
who are so deluded as to believe that a severance of
the tie would be productive of advantage to either
Upper or Lower Canada ; and therefore the question
arises—Has the time arrived when a great constitu-
tional change has become necessary ? The answer
will be given during the interval between the present
and the next session of the Legislature, and it is
believed it will be in the affirmative, and that
a general federation of the British Nortk
American provinces is the one great thing needful—
by the agency of which the British possessions in
Nurill Ai:it:ilea are sure to march proudly onlitrd
to greatness until they will become the governing
power of this continent.
The Ministry exNrienced their first real defeat of
the whole house during the past week. This occurred
when the motion for the third reading of the Cus-
toms and Excise Bill came on. The proposal to levy
duties on vessels entering the St. Lawrence was the
item which occasioned some defections in the ranks of
the Government supporters. Of course the tax
upon shipping was distasteful to the Quebec mem-
bers, and it was chiefly by their votes that the pro-
posed tonnage duty was declared impolitic by a niajoi
rity of two. It is thought the Government are no
sorry that the item should have been struck out of
the bill, although thereby sonic £17,000 per annum
will be lost to the revenue; but the policy of impo-
_
' even of an insigni-
does not appear
ai ouiti onfa
tautraexaus proeguatrldi es
as II ini
op
ipi
ri
int g,
ad-
visable, especially when it is recollected, that millions
have been expendeedutweirtiliilga ‘itielew
mt o a ouif
ll e greaterraLrat
theeNNr.
Lawrence
liof this
ect,
ol
the
faci-
lities to shipping
hastbe beenSL
Nnia..ineasdi
The bill, as amended, has
t'ethe ambition of most of
ourgicnoruen eat
prominent
much
ri
highway
oco . to:
ntaleli
ni and that
sttt lo
legislationattetsh tiieole
since passed, and will no doubt come up in the
Upper House this day. With the success of the sub-
stantial portion of the new Tariff Bill, end probably
the passage of strong resolutions on the subject of
the Hudson's Bay territory, the session will be brought
to a close.
It would appear that some noise has been made
in the English journals about the expense incurred
by the raising of the 100th Regiment in this country.
It is well known here, however, that there are no
good grounds for complaint in regard to this matter.
The raising of such a Tgiment in the first place was
quite an experiment, ,and if the cost was somewhat
greater than might have been the case bad the corps
been embodied elsewhere, which is emphatically
denied here, there would have been no cause fur
grumbling. But the fact is the principal expense
fell upon the officers of the 100th, who had to raise
the men, and it is asserted that the Government
bounty allowed to recruits was smaller in amount
than that granted in similar cases in Britain.
At any rate, a despatch was received from the home
authorities highly laudatory of the efforts made by
parties here to raise the regiment, and of the rapidity
with which the same was embodied. It is to be
hoped that no stupid jealousy will prevail on the
subject of the Royal Canadian Regiment, the creation
of which everybody on this side of the Atlantic looks
upon as being a master-stroke of policy and well
worth double the amount of money expended on the
experiment.
The rumour that Sir E. L. B. Lytton intends to
submit the charter of the Hudson's Bay Company
to the legal test has been received with much satis-
faction. Already the new Colonial Secretary has
acquired a degree of popularity here which augurs
well for the future.
West Transportation Company, has b_een.lcatereui,
fully
shadowing forth the feeling of
Mr. Dawson's bill, to incorporate the Nshoierrtehd-
in committee, when a debate tookousePin regard
tohenh
the occasion one
to ttie Hudson's Bay territory:
support this bill."
out, " Both sides of the
of the most prominent
isll oluilere, no doubt battling
Oppositionce:ii members called
This efforts, of course, will
above bill reserved
the
be directed towards getting,
briStai-relyGfoer°.thSeinlisoll company;
for the signification of her Majesty's
ajlaieldst?
ats a pleasure;ny rat e 7 but
it is hoped the Government
Governor General
c
Aoln
i t
sof h
te willcrops
are fl
be no partycon to such a move-
ment.ieting. In many
localities the weevil
.has been destructive ; in others
great expectations of a good harve6t are entertained.
4- Our correspondent mentioned the fact of their
existence In A letter written about tide time last year.

7-

PRICE 4D, S TAMPED, SD.

further stipulated that the dividend (interest) and rincipal
of the whale loan should be made payable at their counting-
lu;tise, subject to the respective charge, of 1 per cent. OR the
amounts paid for dividends, and per cent. for reimburse-
ments of principal.

The other tenders consisted of one from Mr. Gabrielli,
another from Messrs. ])e I'a's Brothers and Co., in con-
junction with a bank of known standing in the colony, and
another from Messrs. E. F. Sichel and Co. These tenders
were all offered on terms more or less advantageous to the
Government ; but negotiations were finally set at rest by
the acceptance, on the 3l June, of the offer of the banks, on
the conditions given above.
No final arrangement has yet been made with reference
to the purchase by Government of the Geelong and Mel-
bourne line, but it is reported that Mr. U'Shanassy has pro.
mised to introduce a bill during the next se,,sion of Parlia-
ment authorising the purchase of the line un terms to be
fixed at a future day. From the last hail-yearly report of
the directors, the circumstances of the Melbourne and
Hobson's Bay Railway Company appear to be iu a most
flourishing condition. A dividend at the rate of 14 per
cent per annum was declared, after paying the interest
on borrowed money, and transferring a large sum to the
reserved fund. It was decided by a large majority of the
shareholders, at the meeting called for the consideration
of the report, to have an office in London, and a
clerk appointed for the reception of instructions for the
transfer of shares, so that any shareholder may have
his name transferred to the London register, and his divi-
dends made payable there. Sonic objection was made, on
the score of expense, to the establishment of this agency in
the manner proposed, but the advocates for such strict
economy were outvoted, and the office is to be opened for
the convenience of English shareholders. Neither of the
two short lines about to be constructed in the direction of
Brighton has yet been commenced, but we believe that ar-
rangements are nearly concluded with contractors for both.
There has been a greater difficulty than was anticipated in
disposing of shares in these two companies to the extent
required by Government, before giving up possession of the
land granted. This, however, we understand, has now been
done, and contractors have been found who are willing to
risk a portion of their payment on the future success of the
lines, so that the works are likely to be commenced without
much farther delay.

TORONTO, JULY 26.

The past week has decidedly proved the most inte-
resting of the entire session. The gladiators in our
plitical arena would seem to have reserved their
best and greatest efforts for the last days of the con-
test ; and, notwithstanding the extreme heat of the
weather, the debilitating effects of labour at night
in anything but a health-inspiring atmosphere, and
the exhausting consequences of a long-protracted
struggle, it is quite certain that our representatives
last week gave ample evidence that their physical
and mental powers were still equal to almost any
amount of labour, and in no wise inferior to what
they were at the beginnig of the session. No doubt,
however, the flash which precedes the expiry of the
flame has begun to appear, and we may now with confi-
dence predict the speedy termination of the Canadian
" long" Parliament. Many very important matters
have engaged the attention of the Legislature during
the few past days. We have had debates of the
double majority system, the repeal of the union be-
tween Upper and Lower Canada, on the tariff, the
Bill for opening up the North-west Route by means
of private enterprise, the Grand Trunk Bill, the
Surrogate Court Bill, the Bill to Punish Fraud, in
which the English commercial world would seem
to be particularly interested, and on the Bill to
Amend and Consolidate the Jury Laws of
Upper Canada. All the above measures,
which may certainly be regarded as amongst the
most important of the session, have now been well
debated, and some of them finally settled, to the
advantage, let us hope, of' the province. During the
present week, it is thought, the greatest question of
the day will be formally brought forward—n=ely,
the resolutions of Government in regard to the
Hudson's Bay Territory, when probably a debate
surpassing in interest all that has yet taken place
Neill ensue, and such au expression of feeling be
given as will serve to show how resolute our Parlia-
ment and people arc in seeking the annihilation of
the Hudson's Bay monopoly.
The Fraser River gold discoveries or revelations
have already given rise to an inquiry of the Govern-
ment. Col. Prince, in the Upper House, inquired of
the Ministry whether the statements which have be-
come matters of public notoriety have attracted the
attention of the Government, and if so, whether the
Government has resolved to adopt any measures,
either by way of communication and representation
to the Imperial Government or otherwise, with rela-
tion to the entry and intrusion upon British and
Canadian possessions, on the Fraser River and other
pars of British North A;nerica within the region
of the Hudson's Bay Territory, so-called, by hordes
of foreigners from distant lands, under the pretence
of mining and other purposes ; and, if' they have
been so attracted, what they mean to do in the
matter, with rderence to England or Canada, or
either of them. The President of the Council
stated that communications had been received
from the home Government on the subject ;
that they might have been sent down to the
house but for passages they contained relating
to the people on the other side of the water, which it
would not be desirable just now to make public.
Before we became aware of the discovery of the gold
fields at Frascr's River, they were known to the
Imperial Government,* who had taken action in the
math r. The Colonial Secretary had introduced a
bill in the House of Commons for the purpose of
organising the territory west of the Rocky Moun-
tains into a British colony, and an efficient staff of
British engineers had been sent out for the purpose
of defining the boundary line between the British
dominions and the United States territory. A war
steamer with an adequate force was also to be des-
' patched to enforce order and prevent incursions into
the country and maintain British supremacy. Canada
could not provide any farce to rend to Fraser's
River; in fact, it was not necessary they should do
so in view of the action of the British Govern-
That Governmpnt were fully alive to the
importance of the gold dicovorics, and would take all
proper means of protecting both the imperial and
colonial interests.
It is as well to state that the announcement of the
formation of a new colony on the Pacific side of
this continent does not please all parties in this
country. There are a great many people here who
are so unreasonable as to believe that Canada has a
just claim to the whole of the country from the head
of Lake Superior to the shores of the Pacific. Indeed,
many of the addresses of claimants for seats in both
Houses of the Legislature declared as much ; and
although probably the larger proportion of our
thinking people will view with great satisfaction the
action of the Imperial Government, and draw good
omens for the future from their promptitude in
the matter, there will yet remain a consider-
able number amongst us whose dreams of the
future grandeur of Canada will be disturbed by the
fact of her territorial claims not being allowed to
extend beyond the Rocky Mountains. A New York
paper, alnays well informed, sonic days ago gave a
copy of the bill organising the colony of New Cale-
donia, and Sir Alan M‘Nab was mentioned as having
been selected by her Majesty's Government fcr the
post of Lieutenant-Governor. To-day, by the arr►val
of the steam-ship Indian, the rumour of Sir Alan's
appointment is repeated, and no doubt there is good
foundation for it. That the gallant baronet, who has
so lately returned to us wonderfully improved in
health and spirits, would make a most efficient gover-
nor for the new colony, nobody will he bold enough
to question, and the Imperial Government in
making such an admirable selection has paid a
compliment to Canada. Sir Alan M'Nab is still in
`be prime of life; his recent trip to Europe has