The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-23 00:00:00

fIEIE MTN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1.860.

to the officers of the British Bri.
vide, he continued :
—" With pleasure I see rorina,.ll ere the representa-
tives of a nation which, from the beginning, has
done so much for our cause, whit has helped us in
every way, and to whose powerful voice we owe it,
in a great measure, that the priveiple of non-inter-
vention has been upheld, which is our safety." Then,
turning to the officers of the Hungarian L egion, he
said :—" As for our brave Hungarian comrads, who
have shed their blood for us, we owe them a large
debt of gratitude. Their cause is ours, and to help
them in their turn is our most sacred duty, which
we will accomplish." A general cry of "We will
was the answer. Then addressing all in general,
he concluded by thanking once more the officers for
the faithful way in which they had supported him.
These few words, which take up so little apace on
paper, it took considerable time to deliver. Gari-
baldi, gifted by nature with rare eloquence, had lost
his oratorical power through deep emotion, whic.th
soon affected all assembled. With that instinctive
magnetism which communicates itself in such mo-
ments, his old companions of the first expedition,
who formed a great part of those present, felt that
it was a farewell of their chief, and eye after eye was

filled with tears.
Nor was this popular instinct probably wrong, for
after giving over everything to the King, Garibaldi
will very likely withdraw to his dear island of
Caprera, to eat the potatoes which he had sown in
spring, before starting to conquer Sicily and Naples,
and to meditate over ideas which have been before
his mind ever since his earliest youth. What these
are he has expressed in a curious document, which
lam sure will be read witkinterest. It represents
Garibaldi's " ulterior" views. It is to be published,
but as it has not yet made its appearance, I send it
you copied from the manuscript : •
Of the present State of Europe, and of what this latter
could be in the Interest of the Governments and People.
"4 Everyone can see that Europe is far from a normal
state, and one which is advantageous for its population.
" France, which without contradiction occupies the first
rank among' the European Powers, maintains 600,000 men
under arms, one of the gruffest fleets in the world, and an
immense quantity of employes f:►r her internal security.
" England has not the same number of soldiers, but a
more numerous fleet, and, perhaps, a greater number of
employes for the security of her distant possessions.
." Russia and Prussia, to maintain the equilibrium, have
likewise to maintain immense armies.
" The States of the second order, if only by spirit of imi-
tation and pour payer de presence are obliged to keep up the
same proportion.
" I won't speak of Austria and of the Ottoman Empire,
which are doomed to perish for the welfare of the unfortu-
nate populations which they have oppressed for centuries.
" One may well demand, Why is Europe so violent and
agitated ?' Everyone talks of progress and civilisation. It
seems to me that we differ but little from those primitive
times when men warred with each other for plunder. We
pass our lives in threatening each other constantly, while in
Europe the great majority not only of the educated men,
but even of those endowed with common sense, understand
perfectly that one could pass through this miserable life
without these constant menaces against each other, and with-
out this necessity—which seems fatally imposed on the peo-
ple by some secret enemy of humanity—to massacre each
other with so much science and refinement.
"For instance, let us suppose one thing—
" Let us suppose that Europe were to form ono State ;
who would think of deranging her, who would dare to dis-
turb the repose of Europe, this sovereign of the world ?
" According to this supposition which wo have made,
there would be no armies, no fleets ; and these immense
capitals, almost always wrenched from tho wants of the
people and squandered in an unproductive and fratricidal
manner, would be used for its advantage in a colossal de-
velopment of industry—in the improvement of roads, in the
construction of bridges, in making canals, in the foundation
of public establishments, and in the establishment of schools,
which would redeem from misery and ignorance so many poor
creatures, who in all countries of the world, however slight
their civilisation, are condemned to become brutalised, and
prostitute soul and body on account of the egotism, calcu
lation, and bad administration of the powerful and privileged
classes.
"Well i the realisation of the social reforms which I
mention depends simply on one great and generous initia-
tive, because I ask in what circumstance has Europe pre-
sented more chance for these benefits ?
" Let us examine the situation as it is at present.
" Alexander 11., in Russia, proclaiming the emancipa-
tion of the serfs.
" Victor Emmanuel, in Italy, throwing his sceptre upon
the battle-field and exposing his person for the regeneration
of a noble race and a great nation.
" In England, a virtuous Queen and a generous and wise
nation, which associates itself with enthusiasm to the cause
of oppressed nationalities.
"Lastly, France, called to arbitrate in Europe by the
mass of her concentrated population, by the valour of her
soldiers, and by the recent prestige of the most brilliant
period of her military history.
"To whom, then, belongs the initiative in this great

work ?
"To the country which marches as the advanced guard
of the revolution.
" The idea of a European confederation put forward by
the Chief of the French Empire, and which would give se-
curity and happiness to the world, would it not be better
than all these political combinations which torment this
poor people and keep it in a continual fever ?
" The thought of the terrible destruction which one com-
bat among the great fleets of the Western Powers would
produce must shake with terror him who would think of
giving the order for it, and probably there never would be
a man so cowardly bold to take the responsibility of it upon
himself.
" The rivalry which has existed between France and
England from the 17th century to our times exists still, but
with infinitely less intensity now, and we mention this for
the glory of human progress, so that a transaction between
the greatest nations of Europe—a transaction which would
have for its aim the welfare of humanity, can no more be
placed among the utopias of noble-hearted men.
The base then, of air European confederation is naturally
traced to France and England. Let France and England
frankly and loyally unite, and Italy, Spain, Portugal,
Hungary, Belgium, SWitzerland, Greece, Roumelia will
instinctively range themselves round them.
" Finally, the divided and oppressed nationalities, the
Sclavonic, Germanic, and Scandinavian races, gigantic
Russia included, will not remain out of this political re•
generation, to which they are called by the spirit of the
century.
" I know well there is one objection to the foregoing
project—What to do with that numberless mass of men
employed now in the armies and navies ?
" The answer is easy.
" By sending away these masses we should abolish aggra-
vating and dangerous institutions, and the mind of the Sove-
reign no more occupied with the lust of conquest, with war
and destruction, would turn towards useful institu-
tions, and descend from the study of generalities to that of
families and individuals.
" For the rest, by the growth of industry, by security of
commerce, the merchant navy would claim at the same in-
stant all the active part of the navy; and the great quan-
tity of works stimulated by peace, association, and security
would absorb all this armed population if it were double
what it is.
" War being henceforth almost impossible, armies would
become useless. But what would not be useless would be to
maintain the people in its warlike habits by a national
militia which would be always ready to suppress all dis-
orders and every ambition which would dare to disturb
Europe.
"I wish ardently that my words should reach those to
whom God has confided the holy mission to do good, and
that they would do it, preferring real grandeur, based on
the love and gratitude of the people, to their present and
ephemeral grandeur. aG. GARIBALDI."
This document was drawn up almost as it stands
this last spring at Nice. It is one of those dreams
in which the " Filibuster " Garibaldi loves to in-
dulge, and with which, in his moments of expan-
sion, he loves to entertain his friends.
Count Arrivabene, the correspondent, taken on
the Ist of October, has been sent back, owing to the
exertions of Mr. Elliott, who did every thing he
could officially to get him released.

(From the Correspondent of the Daily News.)

GARIBALDI'S HEAD-QUARTERS, CAATIRTA,
Oct. 15, at Night.

Receive at length this letter from your special correspon-
dent, whose neati, at.cttapearanc, and the reports current
here had led you to mourn. Shot!), wounaea, Abd taken
prisoner in the action of the Ist of October, I am here again
after a captivity of 13 days in the Royal Castle of Gaeta.
It would be a long and tedious story were I to relate
minutely all the details of the rather unpleasant adventure
which happened to me. I shall therefore condense the sad
tale into the shortest possible space, so as to account, as is
the duty of a newspaper correspondent, for a silence of 20

days.
The details of the glorious action fought by Garibaldi on
the Ist of October are already familiar to the readers of the
Daily News, and I shall not repeat them. It was a fight of
heroes. As I had been informed that the royal troops were
going to attack the national army, I on that morning fol-
lowed Garibaldi's staff, which left Caserta by a special
train at 4 o'clock a.m. I had left directions to my servant
to have my saddle-horse ready by 5 o'clock at Santa Maria,
but on arriving there neither horse nor servant could be
found. Major Missori, of Garibaldi's Guides, kindly offered
me a place in his carriage, and off we went, closely follow-
ing the char-a-bane of the general-in-chief towards Sant
Angelo. We were driving at a good speed when, on.
reaching a small bridge which crosses the main road, our