The Sun.
London, England, 1858-10-29 00:00:00

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spent in intellectual exercises were not useless. The
hours I spent in reading, in thought, in making
my awn impressions exact to my own mind by
writing them, have left me a better man, more fit
for any work I have to do, and I have the inex-
pressible consolation of having sharpened my.facul-
ties for that time when the body shall fail, the
muscles shrink back, when the human form becomes
unfitted from age for exertion, and when the mind
alone is vigorous." There are many reasons, apart
from these enjoyments, which make it at this mo-
ment, in my opinion, particularly necessary to study
well what is going on in the world or out of it.
Now, at meetings of this kind we are justly for-
bidden to enter into the domain of politics, but I
have observed at public meetings when gentlemen
make that statement that they almost invariably
proceed to break the rule, and I am now going to
do so myself. (Laughter.) lam not, however, going
to allude to party politics, but the reverse. We live
in times when the circumstances of the political
world are very peculiar. When I first entered
parliament the House of Commons was divided
into two camps. A leader guarded both—a leader
whom no man questioned, and whom every man on
his side followed. All the trouble was in his hands.
His party acquiesced in everything he thought
best, and five minutes after his decision was an-
nounced to them they were heart and soul engaged
in it, clamorous that it was. the only one that
could be arrived at. (Laughter.) In the House
of Commons this was a great advantage in some
respects, for it saved a world of thought, (Laugh-
ter.) But in the House of Commons of the present
day we have a different state of things. The
House of Commons is divlj-ed into many parties,
oz, rather, no party; and mihy _Because the coun-
try is divided into malty -parties, no party.
(Hear, hear.) At the lila The-House of Commons
was divided into two camps the country was
divided into two camps also. One man was blue,
another yellow. (Laughter.) Each had his own
lawyers, and there was the sharpest line of demar-
cation between the two. The mass of the people
are now as sharp as those they return to represent
them, and the result is that, judging for them-
selves, they find some good on one side, some on
another, and they will not yield themselves blindly
to the lead of any one man or party in the State.
Now, there is great complaint of this throughout
the country. Men are disturbed and unsettled by
it, and they are devising means whereby the coun-
try and Parliament may again be divided into two
camps. But, instead of lamenting the existence of
such a state of things, and devising means to re-
store what I firmly believe will never be restored
again, I think we had better look our difficulties in
the face. I don't lament the change. Many of
the old public men in the House of Commons re-
gret it enormously ; they are bewildered by it, and
they are perhaps right in their regret as public
men, because it increases the trouble and difficulty
of public men. But all they have lost in comfort
the country, has gained in public good. The result
is this—that the impulsion comes from below, that
the country instead of being partisans, are now be-
come a calm, reasoning jury, and it is necessary now
that they are to constitute the jury that they should
be capable of deciding upon the arguments laid be-
fore them. At any rate, the country are gainers
by the change. The more great measures are
passed by consent and party bitterness becomes ex-
tinct the more necessary it becomes that we in the
country should understand the contemporaneous
political opinions we are called upon to decide, and
for that purpose we must study the principles of
political economy. (Hear.) There is, for instance,
the great question of India which has just been in-
trusted to us. That is a question which has not
been discussed in England at all till within the
last few months. Even in the House of Commons
it was not discussed, but it was held to be a ques-
tion which only those who had great local expe-
rience could understand. But India is now made
over to the Queen, and making it over to the Queen
means making it over to the English people. There
are most delicate and difficult questions involved in
the treatment of that country. Rival candidates for
power will probably put forward theories of their
own. You must decide what is right, and therefore
on all the questions on which you are to be a calm
reasoning jury you must strengthen and fortify
your minds by political stud-, so that you may be
enabled to give a right dycision upon the political
theories put forward by public men. (Hear.) Again
in this great confluence of opinion, when Liberals,
Radicals, and 'Conservatives as distinct parties are
almost extinct, we are all going to deal with an-
other great question—the extension of the suffrage.
You must bear in mind that in all these things I
haie not said a word indicating a leaning, or have
attempted to gain favour for a particular class of
people. There seems to be a sort of universal con-
sent that the great question of the suffrage shall he
dealt with, and a tolerable consent as to the spirit
in which it is to be dealt with. If, then, a measure
founded on such principles be passed, we shall have
an enormous extension of that jury which is to de-
cide in a calm reasoning manner on the great ques-
tions of the day. Learning, then, must no longer be
a monopoly of those who have leisure and wealth
to obtain it, but it must go further, and for such a
purpose institutions such as this are invaluable. I
trust, with all my heart, that this institution will
be taken thorough advantage of—that while you
recreate and amuse yourselves in your intervals be-
tween day and day of toil, others will go deeper
into their studies, and that their influence and their
conversation will again act upon others. This is
the way that political and social opiaion.s are formed
in this country. I have stated why I think at this
moment these institutions ought to find special fa-
vour among us. I have mentioned their great uti-
lity, the great duty there is in us to support and
take our share in them, and I have alluded to those
private reasons which sooner or later all of us will
feel. There is an old distich which says—

The speech of Mr. Sidney Herbert, however, in-
duced him slightly to deviate from his original in-
tention. The right hon. gentleman was so much
accustomed to controversy in its strongest and
sternest aspects that he could not quarrel with the
most courteous reply which had been given to his
remarks by the hon. and rev. gentleman who had
. just addressed the meeting, and he (Mr. Baines).-
- was sure the right hon. gentleman would Wish to
hear what might be said on each side by those who
had had practical experience in the working of in-
' stitutions of this kind—institutions for the intel-
lectual, moral, and social improvement of the hum-
bler classes. He agreed most cordially with what
had been said by the right hon. gentleman in re-
gard to the desirableness of not forbidding in these
institutions relaxation and intellectual amusement.
Very many years ago he had dissented from the
view taken of mechanics' institutions by their
founder, Dr. Birkbeck, and Lord Brougham, that
they should be entirely devoted to scientific study,
and he believed experience had proved that he was
right. At the same time he thought there was
something higher to be gained from mechanics'
institutions than mere intellectual amusement. It
was said that the instruction which they imparted
tended to produce a mediocrity of talent, but if that
mediocrity was created by raising the low up to a
high level, it was an advantage, and he did not ob-
ject to it. He knew of many instances in which
mechanics' institutions had enabled a man to deve-
lope his talent, but he knew of none in which they
had prevented its development. He therefore did
look with much satisfaction upon the efforts which
had been made in the town of Warminster to ex-
tend their institution and render it more useful, and
he had great pleasure in proposing the resolution
which he had already read,
The Rev. A. FANE seconded the resolution, which
was unanimously agreed to.
Several other addresses haying been delivered
the proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks
to the Chairman. After the meeting a dinner took
place at the Town-hall, at which the Marquis of
Bath presided, and the festivities were concluded by
a soiree in the evening.

ADMIRALTY LIGHTS AND FOG
SIGNALS.

The following are the Admiralty Lights and Fog
Signals now to be carried and used by sea-going
vessels, to prevent collision :
STEAM VESSELS.
All sea-going steam-vessels, when under steam,
shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit the fol-
lowing lights :
1. A bright white light at the foremast head.
A green light on the starboard side.
2. TAhre mast-head alisgthteoan tha port side.
e so constructed
as to b e
avisible on
distancea darkef
at
lnight,east five
with a clear atmo-
sphere,
wiles,and shall
show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of
the horizon of 20 points of the compass, and it shall
be so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each
side of the ship, viz., from right ahead to two
points abaft the beam on either side.

3. • The green light on the starboard side and the
red light on the port side shall be so constructed as
to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmo-
sphere, at a distance of at least two miles, and
show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of
the horizon of ten points of the compass, and they
shall be so fixed as to throw the light from right
ahead to two points abaft the beam on the star-
board and on the port sides respectively.
4. The side lights are to be fitted with inboard
screens projecting at least three feet forward from
the light, so as to prevent the lights from being
seen across the bow.
5. Steam vessels under sail only, are not to carry
their masthead light.

Fog Signals.
All sea-going steam vessels, whether propelled
by paddles or screws, when their steam is up, and
when under way, shall in all cases of fog use as a
fog signal a steam whistle, placed before the funnel
at not less than eight feet from the deck, which
shall be sounded once at least every five minutes ;
but when the steam is not up, they shall use a
fog horn or bell, as ordered for sailing ships.

" The soul's dark cottage battered and deo ayed,
Lets in new light thro' chinks that time has mane."
Now, though it is true that our intellectual facul-
ties are weakened by fatigue,.they are not weakened
by age. When we feel the restlessness and activity
of youth passing, when we come to the sedate
de
ma laTrsye
have diminished our zest for many of the occupa-
tions,
Np,.elri lookingeionpossibly
sftsoin
laytnhhae
longod closing when,lf e
ofv stilletnoln evening
further,
n dobfu business nu er ws
s
in which we have been engaged, we shall find
that if in the season of youth we have strengthened
our faculties, though age enfeebles us, we shall still
have an undiminished source of enjoyment by
having in our hands, though we ourselves may be
precluded from active participation in the contests
and, anxieties of life, the means by the pen of in-
fluencing and benefiting not only the country to
which we belong, but the whole human race. (Loud
cheers.) I think, then, that we cannot do better
than express in the warmest manner our thanks to
the gentlemen who have promoted and who are the
authors and originators of this institution. I trust,
therefore, that you will agree with me in accepting
with warmth and cordiality the resolution which I
have now the honour to read to you—
" That the Warminster Athenucurn, being an institution
calculated to advance the moral, social, and intellectual pro-
gress of the town and neighbourhood, the cordial thanks of
the public are due to its promoters."
. _ _

_
SAILING VESSELS.
1. All sea-going sailing vessels when under way
being towed shall between sunset and sunrise ex-
hibit a green light on the starboard side and a red
light on the port side of the vessel, and such lights
shall be so constructed as to be visible on a dark
night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at
least two miles, and shall show an uniform and un-
broken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points
of the compass, from right ahead to two points
abaft the beam on the starboard and on the port
sides respectively.
2. The coloured lights shall be fixed whenever it
is practicable so to exhibit them ; and shall be fitted
with inboard screens projecting at least three feet
forward from the light, so as to prevent the lights
being seen across the bow.
3. When the coloured lights cannot be fixed (as
in the case of small vessels in bad weather), they
shall be kept on deck between sunset and sunrise,
and on their proper sides of the vessel, ready for
instant exhibition, and shall be exhibited in such a
manner as can be best seen on the approach of, or
to, any other vessel or vessels, in sufficient time to
avoid collision, and so that the green light shall not
be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the
starboard side.

Fog Signals.
All sea-going sailing-vessels, when under way,
shall, in all cases of fog, use when on the starboard
tack a fog horn, and when on the port tack shall
ring a bell. These signals shall be sounded once at
least every five minutes.
Sailing pilot vessels are to carry only a white
light at the masthead, and are to exhibit a flare-up
light every 15 minutes, in accordance with Trinity
House Regulations.

VESSELS AT ANCHOR.
All sea-going vessels, when at anchor in road-
steads or fairways, shall/ between sunset and sun-
rise exhibit, where it can be best seen, but at a
height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull, a
white light in a globular lantern of eight inches in
diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear,
uniform, and unbroken light all round the horizon,
at a distance of at least one mile.-

The right hon. gentleman then resumed his seat
amid loud cheers.
The Hon. and Rev. S. BEST, in seconding the re-
solution, said he dissented from the opinions which
Mr. S. Herbert had expressed. He took a some-
what sterner, and perhaps not so agreeable a view
of the duties of an institution like this. He admitted
the social advantages to be derived from reading
good novels or newspapers, but there were other
matters to be attended to in training the mind in
order to enable it to distinguish the force of truth.
(Hear.) Setting the highest possible value upon
newspapers, and entirely assenting to the view Mr.
Herbert had taken of the importance of knowing
who the writers of the different articles were, he
could not say that he could look to the press alone
as the means of carrying on the education of the
people. A man coming into a literary institu-
tion, fatigued in body and mind, might, per-
haps, fly to the newspaper of the day for in-
struction, but how could a man so fatigued
read the different sides of a question so as to be
enabled to discriminate between truth and false-
hood ? With regard to the
influence which educa-
tion had upon the morals
of t people, returns and
statistics showed that educated criminals did not
form anything like one per cent. of the whole
criminality of the country. The great object of in-
stitutions such as ibis was, in his opinion, to take
the young when they left school, to educate them
practically, and continue that education either by
means of mutual instruction or by means of ap-
pointed masters.
The resolution was then put bythe chairman and
unanimously agreed to.
Mr. E. BAINES proposed the next resolution.:—

COLONEL WA UGH ON THE EASTERN

BANK.

" That this institution recommends itself to the support
of the friends of education as designed to promote the self-
improvement of the young and the general diffusion of
I,n wledge apart from religious and political opinions."

He said, it had been his intention on entering the
room to say nothing whatever on any subject of
controversy, but to offer in the simplest form a few
facts La reference to the value of these institutions•

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
Sir,—lt was not my intention to have intruded
my name before the public until the proper time
arrived, when those advising me deemed it right I
should do so ; but my attention having been called
by a relative in England to a most abusive leading
article in your paper of the 19th inst. I have broken
through this resolution, and send you this letter,
trusting it may meet a better fate than the one I
addressed youin June, 1857, on the occasion of
your first leading article relative to my affairs, the
non-insertion of which at that time inflicted on mo
a grievous injury which can never be retrieved.
With reference to the statement in your leading
article which denounces me as " a swindler of tho
heroic class, not only having nothing., but having
several hundred thousand pounds less than nothing,
several occasions, and even prior to my first intro-
duction to the London and Eastern Bank as a total
stranger to them in
March, 1855, at a sum more
I have to remark that my property
was valued on
than sufficient to cover all my.
present time by gentlemen of th liabilities at the
e first reputation
and eminence in their profession.
Moreover, it is a matter of notoriety that the
London and Eastern Bank directors, the committee
of shareholders, and their professional advisers
published and made use of those valuations in
their attempted sale of the property by-public auc-
tion in July, 1857, thereby givmg a pubhc and con-
vincing proof of their confidence in the estimates of
those gentlemen on whose professional reports I had
with the utmost reliance based my expenditure. Such
being the facts, I ask you if it was fair and just, as
a public journalist, strong in your vast strength,
to so utterly crush and ruthlessly condemn anyone
without fully making yourself acquainted with all
the facts.

It is not my intention at the present time, labour-
ing under debility of mind and body, to enter into
a lengthened exposition of my affairs, although
many gross mis-statements have gone forth con-
cerning me, which I shall be prepared to refute at
the proper time.
In conclusion, if by the term " heroic" you mean
sarcastically to refer to my services in the army, I
beg simply to state that I have no reason to be
ashamed of my connection with that profession. I
am the son and grandson of general officers, and
was myself a soldier for 20 years, serving under
distinguished generals, and mentioned by them in
their public despatches.—Yours obediently,
117. IVAuOn.
Marseilles, Oct. 23.

GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION.—Her Majesty's
Emigration Commis.Ooners chartered two ships yester ay
afternoon, the 28th inst.—viz., the Nimrod, 943 tons, to sail
from Plymouth for Sydney, New South Wales, at £l3 14s.
2d. per statute adult, and the Ilamilla Mitchell, 50 tons,
to sail same port for Perth, Western,Australia, at
£l4 18s. fm85.671.414 statute adult t theformer vessel to be ready
for the reception of passengers on such day as the commis-
sioners may appoint between.the 6th and 13th of December,
and the latter to be ready to sail any day between the 22d
and 29th of December. They have also given notice of
their intention to receive tenders next Thursday, the 4th
pros., for a' ship to proceed to Melbourne, Victoria, to be
ready on any such day as the commissioners may x upon.'
between the 10th and 11th of December.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
TIT IS.ETENING will be performed LONDON ASSU-
AANUE : Mr. and Mrs. C. Matthews, &c.
HE WOULD BE AN ACTOR.
JACK'S RETURN FROM CANTON.
And ANY PORT IN A STORM.