The Sun.
London, England, 1867-07-16 00:00:00

The Trial of Berezowski•

PARIS, Monday.
In conformity with an order of the Indictment
Chamber of the Imperial Court, dated 4th instant,
Antoine Berezowski was brought up to-day for trial
at the Assize Court of the Seine, accused of having
attempted to assassinate the Emperor of Russia on
the Gth June last.
The case for the prosecution was conducted on
behalf of the Government by the Procureur Gene-
ral de Mamas, and that for the defence by M.
Emanuel Arago. Twenty-four witnesses were sum-
moned for the prosecution, and some few persons
were called to rebut the accusation.
The pistol with which the attempt was perpe-
trated was laid upon the table of the court. It is a
double barrel, the left barrel being shattered and
split down the centre.
The proceedings commenced with the reading of
the following act of indictment :
" Upon the 6th June last a grand review was held
by the Emperor at the race ground of Longcharups
in honour of the foreign Sovereigns then at Paris.
"At half-past 4 p.m., immediately after the final
-manoeuvres, his Majesty entered an open carriage
to return to the Tuileries. He was seated on the
left-hand side at the back of the vehicle, the Em-
peror of Russia occupied the seat on the right, and
the two Grand Dukes were placed in the front. On
arriving in front of the cascade the cortege passed
into the Allee de la Vierge to the right on account
of the block existing in the avenue upon the left,
and followed it as far as Chemin des Reservoirs.
Relieved of the obstacles which had hitherto re-
tarded its progress, the carriage began to drive more '
rapidly, when M. Rainbeaux, equerry to the Empe-
ror, who rode at the door by his Majesty's side,
suddenly perceived upon his left a person holding
both his hands above the shoulders of his
neighbours.
" By a sudden inspiration, yet without suspecting
evil designs, he pushed his horse rapidly forward.
At the same instant a loud report was heard. Two
pistol shots were simultaneously fired at the Imperial
carriage.
" But Providence had defeated this attempt. The
projectile that issued from the right barrel had struck
M. Rainbeaux's horse in the head, a little below the
left eye, and had been arrested there, after having
penetrated to a depth of six centimetres into the
bony processes.
" The pistol having burst through over-charge,
the other projectile had remained in the left barrel.
It was a lump of lead, cylindrical in form, about 19
millimetres long, and weighing 16 grammes. The
delinquent, hurt in the hand by the fragment of his
weapon, was immediately seized ; but energetic and
prolonged efforts were required to save him from
the fury of the crowd, which, mingling cries for
vengeance with repeated shouts of Vive l'Em-
pereur desired to do summary justice on the spot.
" During this time the person arrested seemed to
have lost consciousness. When he recovered speech
in the carriage conveying him to the Prefecture of
Police, he stated that his name was Antoine Bere-
zowski, a Pole, a refugee in France since 1865.
" Investigation has shown that, notwithstanding
the opposition of his father, a teacher of the piano
in Russia, and without any personal cause of dissatis-
faction, Bcrezowski entered the ranks of the Polish
insurrection in 1863. He figured there scarcely over
a few weeks, after which he retired to Gallicia,
where he lived about a year. When that province
was placed in a state of siege by the Austrian Go-
vernment, he passed into Germany, then to Belgium,
and at the beginning of 1865 came to Paris, asking,
hospitality and assistance from France. An appli-
cation he made some time afterwards to the Russian
Embassy for a passport seems to show that he de-
sired to return to his country. It is not exactly
known why this project failed, but the accused con-
tinued to reside inParis,alternating between employ-
ment as a working mechanician iu various workshops
and being a pupil at the Jaufret institution, living,
a self-contained life, holding aloof reedit his com-
rades, even from his countrymen ; gy devour-
ing books calculated to intensify the sentiments to
which he was about soon to give himself up. Since
August 13th, 1866, he had been employed by the
firm of Gouin, where he had already worked at two
different periods, when towards the close of April
the report spread that the Emperor Alexander would
soon visit France. Criminal intentions no doubt
agitated the mind of the accused at this period. On
the 30th April he left the house of Gouin, alleging
illness, and passed the month of May in complete
inactivity.
" On the 27th May he visited Morny, in the de-
partment of Oise, the object of which has remained
unexplained. But he returned to Paris on June Ist,
and was at the Northern Railway station upon the
arrival of the Czar. Berezowski only saw in the con-
fidence of the Sovereign who entrusted himself to
the loyalty of the population a means of satisfying
his scheme of vengeance, and merely sought a
favourable opportunity to carry it into effect.
" He was with this object in the neighbourhood of
the. Opera on the night of June 4, waiting for the
egress of their Majesties, and perfidiously mingling
with the groups most vociferous in their shouts. He
followed the cortege at a run to the Elys6e Palace,
uttering cries of Vive l'Empereur,' and more and
more ascertaining the facility he might have in ap-
proaching the carriage of the Czar. He fixed upon
the day of the review, ordered to take place upon
the 6th, for the execution of the attempt upon which
he had resolved.
" The allowance of 35f. which he received monthly
from the Administration, and which he had not ne-
glected to draw upon the 3d June, furnished him
with another small sum he obtained elsewhere, with
the necessary resources to procure the instruments
for the crime.
" Towards 2 p.m. upon the sth he bought from
the gunsmith Bruneville for Bf. the double-barrelled
pistol which was found at his feet in the Bois de
Boulogne, and he procured at the same time five
bullets and a box of caps. In the evening he pur-
chased powder at another shop, and looked in several
journals for the information it was necessary lie
should have about the review of the morrow.
" Early upon the 6th he occupied himself in mak-
ing projectiles different to the bullets that had been
sold him, which he thought too small for the bore of
his pistol ; he cast two slugs and rammed them upon
the
charge of powder by forcing them down with a
steel tool. Thus armed he left about ten o'clock,
after breakfast, to take the train at the Batignolles,
which would bring him to the Bois de Boulogne.
Before entering the station he stopped at a wine
merchant's, a countryman, drank a glass of Ver-
mont, and left a paletot to be taken charge of, in the
pocket of which a work upon Poland was found con-
taining the oath of Kilenski upon a page turned
down.

" Upon reaching Longchamps he saw the Sove
reigns before the front of the troops without being
able to get near them. But the block which must
inevitably occur at the close of the review could not
fail to furnish him with the opportunity he sought;
and posting himself upon one of the slopes that sur-
round the grand cascade, he would be able to follow
with his eye the movements of the Imperial carriage,
and repair rapidly iu the direction where he should
see it advance. It was there, in fact, that he se
himself upon the watch.
" From this point he perceived the carriage co
veying the two Emperors enter at a walk
Alice de la Vierge. lle rushed in that direction
cutting by the shortest route across the wood, thinly
scattered at this point of the Alice de la Vierge, and
the road to the reservoirs.
" Hidden then behind the inquisitive spectators,
he supported his arm upon the shoulders of one of
their number, the Sieur Bouneau, and holding his
pistol with both hands, pressed both hands at once.
He would have made at least one victim without the
providential interposition of the fact that caused his
execrable attempt to fail. .It has been possible, in
fact, to verify by the height of the wound inflicted
horizontally upon M. Itainbeaux's horse, and by the
position the animal occupied relative to Berezowski,
that if the slug whicirstruck it' had not been thus
stopped in its course it would have reached the
breast of one of the two Sovereigns ' • and one can-
not reflect without a shudder upon the injury the
second slug might have caused
when one thinks of

:o the

the angle which would have been taken in the ordi-
nary course by the direction of the two projectiles.
" Berezowski has admitted all the facts relating
to the preparations for and the execution of his
crime, iic haz merely endeavoured to maintain,
without being absolutely refuted by evidence,
that he only wished to hit the Czar, ing him-
self to giving the Emperor and France a warning.
With regard to the Czar, he has expressed himself
in the most violent terms, declaring that he has done
nothing but his duty in fulfilling a vow he made to
himself at the age of 16. War, he asserts, has not
ceased between Russia and Polandgives him
rights he has not exceeded, and which he regrets not
to have satisfied. If the act were to do again he
would be ready to do it. Ile is only guilty, he has
added, towards France, whose hospitality he has be-
trayed by not respecting the Sovereign who was
also her guest.
" The crime committed by Berezowski has excited
a feeling of horror throughout France, and has re-
volted every honest and generous heart in this
country. All are eager to see it severely stigmatised
by the verdict of the jury.
" Antoine Berezowski is therefore accused of hav-
ing committed an attempt at homicide with preme-
ditation upon the parson of the Emperor Alexander
in the Bois de Boulogne upon June 6, 1867, which
attempt, shown by a commencement at execution,
has only failed in its effect through circumstances
independent of the will of its author. This crime is
provided for by Arts. 2 and 302 of the Penal Code."
After the reading of the indictment the counsel
for the defence dessired the Court to take note that
when Berezowski was brought to the Prefecture of
Police all the witnesses to be now heard for the
prosecution had been questioned in the Russian
language by M. Souwaroff, director of the Russian
police.
The Procureur-General then made his speech in
support of the case against the prisoner.
The jury found Berezowski guilty of an attempt
at homicide with extenuating circumstances, and he
was sentenced to transportation for life.

The " Bound Table" on the Country

Papers of America.

The reviewer notices the essential difference o.
New York newspapers from those of other American
cities, which is so great that persons accustomed
to learn from the one the news of the previous
twenty-four hours will find themselves hopelessly
at fault when they attempt the same thing through
the medium of others. This is due to the fact that
New York is the focus where all the rays of intel-
ligence aro concentrated, especially from Europe.
From that focus all the other journals derive their
intelligence, which renders them " scrappy," and,
as it were, second-hand in their news. The evil is
aggravated by allowing news matter to fall into
hopeless confusion, being left, as it appears to the
writer, to be arranged by the printers, who group
facts in a chaos, without reference to chronological
or other sequence. This is more noticeable and
unavoidable in the old-fashioned large page, where
editorials, correspondence, telegrams, local news,
miscellany, advertisements, puffs, follow each other
in bewildering confusion. To every general rule
there are exceptions ; and the two exceptions
noticed by the reviewer are the Springfield
Republican and the Philadelphia Ledger. In no
paper, says the writer, home or foreign, with
which we are acquainted, is space used to better ad-
vantage than in these two. The Ledger is THE
advertising medium of Philadelphia, circulating as
the cheap paper of the city in five out of six dwell-
ings in it, and with no space that it can afford to
waste in " display lines" in the foolish telegrams
manufactured for the purpose of filling up, or in
anything not absolutely requisite to its readers.
For the same reason its editorials and miscellany
are admirably compact. The Springfield Republican
has to reconcile the various difficulties of bringing
within moderate compass what shall maintain its
position in the various capacities of the family paper
of New England, the informant of Yankees in all
parts of the world of what is going on at their
homes, and the leader of a school of politics that
may be approximately designated as Conservative
Liberal. To satisfy these requirements it must
have light reading and miscellany for the home
circle ; re 511711.3 of literary, religious, local, political,
and general intelligence ; the scope of its editorial
writing must be as comprehensive as that of
a New York daily, yet its space is far less. It
is by sheer force of system and conciseness
that all these features are combined in a manner
which makes the Republican the model for provincial
journals throughout the country.. A satisfactory
estimate of the number and condition of country
papers is difficult to form. There are altogether
about 5,000 papers, inclusive of the several edi-
tions printed by many of them, or about 4,000
offices whence papers are issued. Of these pro-
bably 2,500 belong to the class of country papers
circulating only in their respective States, often in
only two or three counties.
" The proper sphere of such publications is not
difficult to determine. They should give full ac-
counts of all local events—county courts, public
meetings, village societies, crops, improvements of
1 all kinds, new roads, new houses built, all transac-
tions in real estate—such accounts as shall enable
their absent readers to keep fresh their knowledge
of the condition of their homes, and shall suffice to
acquaint curious strangers with the resources and
enterprise of places they have never seen. Beyond
this they should keep their home readers au fait in
matters of state interest—public institutions and
public works, legislative and political proceedings,
improvements, present and prospective, the subjects
of attention in the various towns and sections of
the state. They should further, in their capacity of
family papers, provide market news for the farmers,
and for them, their wives and children, general
reading judiciously apportioned between the in-
structive and the amusing, neither becoming too
heavy for their patience, nor descending to the sen-
timental sensationalism of the flash weeklies, or the
records of crime of the police gazettes. Finally—
for the limits of country journals will not admit,
nor do the wants of people who read none others
require, exhaustive news details—an account should
be given of the leading events of the day in as con-
densed a form as is compatible with clearness and
accuracy, say to the extent of one or two columns
each week, not of disconnected scraps, but of co-
herent narrative without comment.
" The editor of the country paper can command
success by giving his paper sufficient excellence.
Let him, by studying good models and using his
space to the best advantage in the manner we have
indicated earlier in this article, render his paper a
necessity to the people of the region in which it is
published. Thus it will secure a sure local circula-
tion in every family of its region, which must be
followed by remunerative advertising and conse-
quent independence. But the practical obstacles
to
such a course are very great and veryPutnerous.
They are due primarily to the same inordinate mul-
tiplication which we noted as the cause of the
feebleness of the Episcopal press. If the editor
makes a stand
ewhatady to i s
is had to rivals ready ulnlicslerdbuide,
whatever means.him
mcourbsye
he demands. proper pay-
ment for his adverti • sing it is taken to some
one who will do it cheaper
none ; if he declines lo l ' and
he is left with
lave his duties • t
rupted by every go:,sippingln ir-
lounger
iti is attributed
to hauteur, and his popularity that of his
journal is destroyed; if he demandsan'
pay-
ment it is taken in dudgeon ; ifh prompt e
pursues an in-
dependent course in any local or general issue there
is a defection amonamonghis readers to a sheet of less
principle and more ready of ' compliance ; if he re-
fuses to lend his own to venal purpoes a hundred
expedients can be employed to break it
down or
exalt its rival. This state of
things has tended in-
evitably to the deterioration of the country press
and of the class of men
who are willing to work
upon it."

The reviewer's account of the melancholy condi-
tion of the country press--if it were not
melancholy, would be amusing. The village paper
generally falls into the hands of three classes of
men--first, the aimless, spiritless, "nc'er-do-weels,"
who, after essaying other occupati ms in vain, and
failing as school-masters, store-kee_ ers, or itinerant

ministers, have subsided into ed,iting ; next, docile
factotums of aspiring politicians o, r political cliques,
by whom they are provided with facilities for
grinding the party axe in such planner as they
please ; or ambitious printers who :run newspapers
as tenders to their job—printing establishments. In
any case, the representative editor is at best
a half-educated man, whose position inspires him,
not with a sense of its responsibility, but with an
inflated self-importance that tempi`o him to handle
subjects he is unable to grasp, and use words and
allusions of whose significance he is ignorant. The
making a good paper is the thing furthest from his
thoughts or his capacity. Either he wishes to get
as much return from it as possible with the least
expenditure of money and trouble, or he is singly
bent on political propagandism or the nursing of his
printing business, and leaves the paper to take care
of itself, content, if, after saying what he wished to
say, he can fill it with words enough, it matters
' little what, to complete its pages.
" There are papers which one may scan vainly
week after week in quest of an original line, and
whose columns are mere repositories for puffs and
meaningless scissorsings. There are others which
open with ponderous leading articles transferred
entire from city journals and entirely inapplicable
in their new setting, or with not less ponderous
ones whose fallacies and inconsequential vul-
garity are conclusive of their originality. Of
this class is that dreariest of journalistic mons-
trosities—the country political paper. This usually
has in progress a ' controversy' with some ' vile and
filthy sheet,' and devotes columns of gross and
puerile abuse to its demolition, or to the mainte-
nance of prejudices and tenets long since exploded,
and only lingering in the sluggish recesses of the
unenlightened rustic mind. The remainder of the
sheet will be filled with stray paragraphs of eulogy
upon its own partisans or of forgotten slanders and
misrepresentations of its opponents, occasionally
supplemented by the congressional speech of our
distinguished representative' or an election tirade
by our gifted townsman.' Little better than this
actively offensive class is another, whose chief
characteristic is colourless vacuity. Its chronicle of
local events deals with precisely those which are of
no importance—eggs and vegetables and cattle of
surpassing bigness, storms whose like has not been
witnessed by the oldest inhabitant, tradesmen's
signs of unparalleled splendour, eloquent examina-
tion essays by the scholars' of the village boarding-
school, laudations of shopkeepers' enterprise, evi-
dently written or inspired by the shopkeepers them-
selves—but nothing that leaves its home readers
wiser than before or acquaints those abroad with
anything beyond the utter insipidity of a com-
munity content with this literary diet. The
other idepartments will be, if possible, worse ;
column of Wit and Wisdom' older than Joe
Miller, another of the travelling items which have
mostly months before been shown to be false in
fact, a poem or two by village poets who are
likened to Tennyson to the laureate's disadvantage
—Swinburne having not as yet been heard of—and
the remainder a pure muddle of murders, robberies,
love stories, and corrupting bosh—the whole recal-
ling the Paris editor's explanation whence be got
his intelligence : ' From the newspapers.' Where
do the newspapers get it ?' From other newspapers.'
But who is the first author of it?' Nobody.'
" Bad as such papers arc, one who has ever seen
the progress of their manufacture can hardly find it
in his heart to blame the poor editor. The writer
once found himself in a village whose weekly sheet
he was familiar with, and in which occasionally ap-
peared brief editorial articles, whose pointed common
sense was so strikingly at variance with the general
calibre that it seemed worth while to make a visit
to the sanctum for the solution of the. anomaly.
Sanctum, printing-office, and press-room were all
compressed into a single loft. There the editor,
amid cobwebs, litter, and a scanty pile of ex-
changes' which included the Tribune as the sole
paper of value, wrote whatever was to be written—
advertisements for illiterate applicants, puffs, obi-
tuary notices, and what local news he found time to
gather—aLd then, assisted only by a small boy, put
it in type himself, made up the paper, printed its
four hundred copies on a hand-press, ' distributed' its
type to be set up again for the other side of
the sheet, folded, directed, mailed or personally
delivered the paper to its village subscribers. Such
evidence might amply account for all shortcomings,
bouft
ht
se rfeo
uwre rhe
uoutdhreerd didifficultieshne o l
editorss fsoarimd dmaba
many
wfohouaerdtntetnotdo peopleyears,
who
nehgme had
teehoaeun
lasdmo
ofunuonontit
atdiscontinuek paid
ianlrgeacatheirsdyh ds
puutaebhy, semw:
ehi o t
oes.
ile
nts
of
hfri
preparation,
theap paper
firstw
thegoo papergood
as
it dealers.o ought
g ht
to Hbee,k
abject
suwnt
trha tpiaornt,i anda
unde next,
me to dineevloutdeetdo asplancoet, heas
hades,
his subscribersnt
had to preserve strict neutrality, evading all topics
which might give offence to either, and thereby
acquiring the hearty sympathy of none
• Very few
people in the village advertised, and when they did
they preferred the paper of the neighbouring
whose circulation in the almostvillage
own ; and of the advertisements in
the paper a
large part were dead'—that is, had exceeded the
time for which they were ordered, and were inserted
without expectation of payment in order to fill
space—while many more were taken from advertis-
ing agents largely below the proper rates, and often
payable in goods worthless to himself, and which he
disposed of at a still further discount. It was only
by dint of his ' jobbing,' he added, that he man-
aged to live, and sometimes the demands it made
upon him were such that he could do little for the
paper, while, if he stopped the latter, his other
business would decline."
Although an extreme case, the reviewer main-
tains that this is the condition of some hundreds of
papers, and he goes on minutely to point out the
worry to which the editor is subjected, and the
remedies. He gives a most amusing sketch of the
position the village inhabitants take up with regard
to their unfortunate drudge, the editor. He shows
how his time is occupied, his office being a lounge
for the idle : the course he should pursue is imper-
tinently dictated. Inventors urge the publication
of thLiz labour—saving machines—on the score of
a duty he owes to the public. He must adopt
the grievances of his subscribers. He must notify
their family occurrences of interest, though it costs
him more to put their marriages, &c., into type than
a yearly subscription, if paid, amounts to. In a
word, the editor must be liberal and large-minded
while all with whom he has to deal are close-fisted
and narrow. His power to give publicity through
his paper has been laboriously and expensively ac-
quired, and is so thoroughly a piece of business pro-
perty that it were no more unreasonable to demand
of him five dollars from his scanty purse than to ask
him to do without return that whence his liveli-
hood is derived. That is, people who would bit-
terly resent an imputation that they had in any
way forfeited their independence are habitually
guilty of pertinacious beggary from men much
poorer than themselves ; and so thoroughly has
this pervaded society that we find it participated in
not only by respectable organisations of all kinds
and by railroad and steamboat companies, which
know that an editor will rather advertise their
time-tables at rates by which he is a loser than
drive his readers to look for the information in
another paper, but even the Governments of most
of the States and the post-office authorities of the
United States are guilty of the same petty ex-
actions, ..,ffering their public printing at unre-
munerative rates, relying on its acceptance partly
on the score of the honour of a designation as the
official paper, partly on that of the presumed gene-
ral interest in the matter advertised. The Govern-
ment, we should add, is guilty of a still further
meanness that weighs heavily on the slender re-
sources of country publishers, by habitual and pro-
tracted disregard of its obligations, an instance of
which we saw recently in the case of a bill
for $1.3 rendered for public advertising done in
a country paper in the spring of 18G5, and
which after two years' delay was returned with
a deduction of several dollars and the first
of the signatures necessary to its payment. The
reviewer considers that " the excessive compe-
tition of half-a-dozen newspapers struggling for a
livelihood wherever there is room for one has de-

moralised editors, advertisers, and the public alike." '
He notices many little sheets printed in unheard-of
villages, which combine many of the excellencies
that should mark a country journal. They are,
however, only to be met among the files of ex-
changes of a large newspaper office. Such journals
eventually acquire influence and esteem in their
neighbourhood, and consequently the pecuniary
return and command of the advertising market.
The editorial associations originating in New Jersey
and now established in the Northern and Western
States might be utilised for the suppression of many
of the abuses beneath which the country press is
almost crushed. It is through the want of such
associate action that the United States are flooded
with so many wretched sheets, which, though not
worth the paper whereon they are printed, are yet
able by diverting subscribers to prevent a worthy
enterprise from gaining a consistency sufficient to
insure success, and which, from the coarseness and
ignorance of the men employed upon them, drive
better ones from the profession.

X•scellaneous Foreign News.

On the morning of the 22d June the Presiden
left New York for Boston. Notwithstanding the
early hour crowds assembled, and the President had
to submit to the usual hand-shaking process. At
Springfield the President made his first little speech,
when he thanked the people of Massachusetts for
the welcome given, expressing his devotion to the
whole country. At 5 o'clock the party reached
Boston, where they were received and escorted to
Tremont House by the Mayor, the civil authorities,
and the militia. The President was serenaded in the
evening, when he spoke from the balcony of the
hotel. The courtesy and cordial reception extended
to him by the Bay State had indelibly impressed his
heart. He had it in his power to declare that the
bow of peace was set in the cloud,—that the day
was coming when Reason and Truth would regain
their empire, when a sense of justice and a re-
deeming spirit would again unite the people. He
retired, bidding them " Good night," and invoking the
best blessing of Heaven to rest upon their heads. Mr.
Seward followed. had the President, he said, known
the responsibilities that would devolve on him in ac-
cepting office he would have endeavoured to escape
from them. He went onto state that N ature designed
that the whole Continent would one day be in-
cluded in the Union, and that the " Stars and
Stripes" would wave over every portion of North
America. The visit has been a success, and may
perhaps be productive of good. The Bostonians
received Mr. Johnson as their guest, with a genuine
American kindliness and hospitality. Nowhere else
in the States have some of his late acts been more
strongly condemned, yet, he would have been a keen
observer who could have detected anything in the
cordial reception extended to their Chief Magis-
trate that showed in the slightest degree a hostile
feeling. Mr. Johnson was surprised and touched.
On all sides he saw around him the evidences of the
highest civilisation in America, and, perhaps, for
the first time he began to appreciate truly the
causes from which spring the powerful influence of
this State over the Continent. In thus honouring
Mr. Johnson, Massachusetts does herself the highest
honour.
The President left Boston on his return to
Washington at an early hour Wednesday, the
26th of June. At Thomsonville, Connecticut, he
was met and welcomed by Governor English,
where he briefly responded to the greetings of the
State officers. At Hartford, which he reached in
the afternoon, he was introduced to the members of
the Legislature. Speeches were made, but little was
said of interest. The President afterwards reviewed
the State troops, and in the evening more lengthy
speeches were made both by Mr. Johnson and by
Mr. Seward. Mr. Johnson repeated what he had
before so emphatically stated as his opinion, and
in which we trust he is a true prophet, that
" a new era of good-will is being commenced,
and that our people, north and south, east and
west, begin to look for a restoration of peace."
On Thursday the Presidential party visited
`Yule College at Newhaven. In reply to an en-
thusiastic reception by the students, a few kindly
words were spoken. At a late hour that evening
the party left. Newhaven, reaching Jersey City at
4.30 on Friday morning. They proceeded direct
South by the fast train. Mr. Johnson refused to
remain in Philadelphia, which he was invited to do,
but in Baltimore both he and Secretary Seward
made their longest speeches, though still unmarked
by any political significance. Both again repeated
the prophecy that the bitter political disputes will
have a speedy and peaceful ending. New York,
that had hoped to extract a fuller expression of
opinion from the President on his return, was dis-
appointed, but much satisfaction is expressed by the
judicious conduct of the President during this tour,
and its effect has been most favourable to his in-
fluence throughout the States.
The Royal Mail steamship Persia arrived at
Queenstown last Saturday, with 175 cabin passen-
gers and $152,266 in specie, and on the same day
the Louisiana. On Sunday the extra Cunarder
Tarifa arrived with 125 passengers. On Monday
the Weser reached Southampton, from New York
on the 27th ult., with 136 passengers and $119,404.
The Ilammonia, from New York on the 29th ult.,
arrived next day with 140 passengers and $284,191
92
passengers and $175,000.
for France and $18,972 for Hamburgh. At mid-
night, on Monday, the City of Boston reached
TheQu Pereireeenstow was at Brest on Monday, having left
Queenstown, with
New York on the 29th ult., with 258 passngers and
1,500,000 francs in specie. The Guion steamer
Nebraska arrived at Queenstown early on Wednes-
day morning, with 45 cabin and
44 steerage pas-
sengers. On the previous night, when about four
miles off Cork harbour, she sank a fishing smack
lying at anchor without lights, when five out of the
seven hands on board were drowned. The Queen
on the same day reached the same port. The
Cunard steamer China, from Boston and Halifax,
arrived at Queenstown yesterday morning, with
187 cabin passengers and $196,807.
The New York and Havre Steamship Company's
steamer Arago, Capt. Gadsden, left Falmouth for
New York at 2 p.m. on Thursday, taking 31 bags
of mails and 40 passengers, in addition to 217 from
Havre.

On Thursday, the 4th, the Manhattan reached
New York, and the St. David, St. Andrew, and
Etna arrived on Friday, the sth instant. On the
6th the Saxonia and on the 7th the City of London
arrived out, as well as the Hansa and Aleppo. On
the next day, the Bth, arrived the Guiding Star, the
Hibernian, the Vera Cruz, and Britannia, and on
the 9th the Royal mail steamer Scotia. On the 10th
the Atlanta and Pennsylvania reached New York.
By the China we learn that it was reported in
New York that a majority of the Judiciary Com-
mittee are preparing a report recommending Con-
gress to assemble in October, to consider the im-
peachment of President Johnson. The day for this
sort of thing has gone by, and little reliance can be
placed on such reports.
The grand jury at Albany has, after a secret ses-
sion of nearly two weeks, brought in an indictment
against' General George W. Cole, of Syracuse, for
the murder of Mr. Iliacock. The trial will take
place before the November term of the court.
The accounts of Indian outrages continue to be
received from Colorado and Dacotah. General
Sherman has divided his military command into the
three departments of Dricotah, under General
Terry ; the Platte, under General Augur ; and the
Missouri, under General Hancock. The Governors
of the States and Territories are requested to
communicate with these commanders, and Gene-
ral Sherman adds, that if each will or-
ganise a regiment of horse, they will be
called out in case of emergency by these com-
manders, and when thus employed will be mustered
into the army, and paid as United States troops.
As yet the war has not been very successful. The
road has been cleared along the Union Pacific Rail-
way from Omaha, but the savages have been pressed
down to the lower line, through the Smoke), hill
country, where they have driven off the workmen
and interrupted travel. The Red Men appear then
to have proceeded further South, as a strong force
pushed along this line reports it clear and the
Indians gone. General Sherman, after making this
disposition of his force, left for St. Louis, where he

now is. The Indians in Kansas and Nebraska have
recommenced hostilities, and attacked forts Wallace
and Harker, but were repulsed.
Santa Anna's movements in Mexico are now
given in a consistent and reliable form. It ap-
pears that he landed at Vera Cruz, where he an-
nounced to the Imperial officers commanding that
he came, backed by the authority of the United
States, who would furnish him with all the men
and means he required to place himself on Maxi-
milian's throne as Emperor of Mexico. He also
published a proclamation to the Yucatectos, invit-
ing them to join his standard, stating that they
would receive news of him from Vera Cruz. He
asked the garrison of Vera Cruz to declare for him,
and to surrender the city into his hands. After a
consultation, the Imperialists declined his offer.
It appears that he actually obtained possession of
the principal fort, the castle of San Juan d'Alloa,
of which the commander recognised him as Presi-
dent. The castle was recovered by an artful
dodge of the Imperialists, who sent there a squad
of twenty-five men as a guard of honour for the
General, whom they forcibly returned to the Virginia.
Captain Roe was then at the port with the United
States ship Tacony, and he appears to have con-
sulted Captain Murray, of H.M.'s navy. Aware
that Santa Anna was unjustifiably using the name
of the United States to further his revolutionary
objects, the commanders decided on removing him
'rom Mexico. Commander Roe had simply in-
(3rtned Santa Anna that
The world was all before him where to choose"

but the Paradise of Mexico, which road was blocked
to the veteran traitor. Santa Anna, under any
guidance but that of Providence, appears to have
made a rapid journey in the downward direction.
He had left for Cuba, but he was pursued by the
Liberals and overtaken off Sisal. The Virginia was
boarded, and Santa Anna removed. This repeats the
Trent affair, which nearly set the world in flames ;
but nobody looks for either law or sense in the acts of
Mexicans, and although the captain and officers of
the Virginia have filed a protest, Secretary Seward
will use the occasion mainly with reference to the
political position he intends to take up towards the
restored Republic of Mexico. A son of Santa Anna
also addressed a protest to the United States Consul
at Ilayannah against the seizure of his father,
de-
manding prompt and ample reparation. The Go-
vernment at Washington has forwarded instructions
on this subject to its Minister in the City of
Mexico. But the Liberals seem to have settled all
future questions about Santa Anna. Doubtless the
United States would have compelled them to return
their prisoner, but they solved anticipated difficulties
by the Mexican device of trying their captive by a
court-martial and shooting him when covered even by
this semblance of law. If there were not a crop of
ready-made Mexican brigands who spring up like
weeds in a rank soil, we might soon hope at this
rate of extinction to see the end of the desperadoes.
General Sickles has issued an order shutting up
all the bars, and revoking all the licences for selling
liquor in Charleston. He seized the Savings Bank
at Charleston for refusing to pay interest on de•
posits of the national soldiers before the war.
Governor Browulow has issued a proclamation,
declaring that the County Courts of Tennessee have
no power to appoint officers of the State elections.
He has ordered the militia to enforce the new fran-
chise law, excluding all participants in the rebellion.
At Savannah several prominent citizens have de-
manded to be registered as voters, notwithstanding
their part in the rebellion, on exhibiting a pardon
from the President.
General Hayes, a Republican and Free-trader,
has been nominated on the Republican ticket for
Governor of Ohio. He was an eminent lawyer
practising at the Cincinnati bar, and proposed by
the unanimous choice of the people for the post of
Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati when the
war broke out, which honour he resigned to enter the
23d Ohio Volunteers as captain, to which grade he
was elected by the company. Ile rose by his ser-
vice in the field until he obtained the command of
a division. When the present Governor of Ohio,
Mr. Cox, was elected, the soldiers of his division,
composed of Ohio troops, met and nominated him,
but the General declined the honour. A writer in
America calls him a brave and excellent soldier,
a pure citizen, a cultivated gentleman, and a
thorough scholar.
General Butler is likely to lose his office of Pre-
sident of the " National Asylum for Disabled
Soldiers" unless he can be again elected. This
office became vacant according to law when Butler
accepted his seat in Congress. He had sufficient
influence to induce Congress to pass an Act ex-
pressly for his relief; but, notwithstanding this, the
Comptroller of the Treasury has decided that he
cannot legally retain the post.
The examination of the witnesses for the prose-
cution ou the trial of Surratt had not been concluded
at the time of our last advices. There still re-
mained twenty, some important, and it was there-
fore thought that the prosecution would not be
closed so early as the Government anticipated. The
evidence taken for the weekending June 29, further
proves that Surratt was in Washington on the day
of the assassination, and throws some light on
his after movements. Secretary Seward's two
sons, George W. Robinson, Mr. Seward's nurse,
detective Baker, John M. Lloyd, the keeper of the
tavern at Surratville, a rendezvous of the conspi-
rators, and several other of the leading witnesses
have given their testimony. Among them was
General Grant who, on Wednesday, 26th ult., was
called on to prove that Jacob Thompson had been
an officer in the rebel army, with the view of
establishing the fact that Booth and Harold were
by him supplied with funds. On Thursday, the
27th, Lewis W. Weichmann, who had been John
Surratt's schoolfellow, went through a lengthy exa-
mination. He had been connected with the Surratt
family as lodger, and afterwards as boarder at Mrs.
Surratt's house, where he constantly met Surratt,
Booth, Payne, Harold, and Atzerodt. This testi-
mony was full and minute as it had been at the
assassination trial, where Weichmann was a prin-
cipal witness. IVeichmann's character has been
attacked by the defence, and his reputation in
Washington is shown to be bad. He is said to have
been a spy of the Government, and to have been a liar
and a peculator. His testimony, however, is circum-
stantial, consistent, and complete. He acknowledged
that he had sworn falsely on the assassination trial.
It was shown by4the defence that Lloyd, the hotel
keeper, was a drunkard, and that he had. been drunk
on the day of the assassination. Lloyd had sworn
on the conspiracy trial, to conversations with Mrs.
Surratt on that day, and that she had brought arms
to his house, for which Booth and Harold had called
on the very night of the murder. The case against
Surratt grows stronger the more narrowly it is in-
vestigated, and unless something very unlooked-for
occurs in the defence, the prisoner can have but
little hope of breaking down the strong body of
evidence. General Butler still attends the trial,
and remains as firmly as ever convinced that Mrs.
Surratt was innocent of the crime for which she
was executed, and that Lloyd's evidence proves this.
Sheridan, the fiery general, continues to make
history at a railroad pace. The President directed him
to extend the registration inNew Orleans and the State
of Louisiana until the Ist August, unless he had good
reasons to the contrary, which he would report for
the President's iuformation. To this Sheridan re-
plied through General Grant, protesting against
the re-opening the registry lists. " The registration,
he says, will be completed at the time specified,
unless I am ordered to carry out the law under
Mr. Stanberry's interpretation, which, practically
in registration, is opening a broad macadamised
road for perjury and fraud to travel on. I regret
that I should have to differ with the President,
but it must be recollected that I have been ordered
to execute a law to which the President has been
in bitter antagonism." General Grant replied, but
did not allow what h wrote to become public,
still it is believed, that he was annoyed at such a
tone on the part of one of his subordinates towards
the bead of the nation. In the meantime new
complications are arising. Mr. Wells has given
the President two or three days more in which
to act in the matter of his deposition, fail-
ing which he will himself announce by pro-
clamation that lie is the lawful Governor of
Louisiana, and that the officer appointed by the
General is a usurper. lle will therein instruct the

subordinate State officers to pay no attention to the
orders of Mr. Flanders. Ile states that such action
is clearly lawful under the interpretation of the Re-
construction Act by the Attorney-General, and in
this he is borne out by the opinion of several pro-
minent New Orleans lawyers. The excitement in
New Orleans is further heightened by the declara-
tion of the newly-appointed Mayor that the large
amount of City Bonds issued by the City Treasurer
is illegal ; the City Treasurer, on the contrary,
maintaining their legality. The issue amounts to
$1,250,000, and the effect of the quarrel is seen in
the fall of 23- per cent. in the municipal bonds.
General Sheridan is called on to decide the
question between the contending parties. The
General has removed deputy-sheriffs John L.
Whitmore, and Constable L. H. \\Tight, of
Jefferson, Texas, who refused to execute a warrant
legally issued against a murderer. He has also
formed a military commission in Louisiana for the
trial of a murderer iu which the civil courts failed.
He has declared null and void an ordinance of the
police jury of Ouachita on the 25th February last,
requiring that the informant should be liable for
costs in cases of prosecution. The General's plea
is that this operates against poor people, especially
coloured, and is opposed to the laws of Louisiania.
Mayor Haviland, of Galveston, Texas, following Mr.
Wells's example, takes refuge behind the Attorney-
General's interpretation, and refuses to be removed.
It is believed that fresh pressure will be brought to
bear on the President on his return to Washington
to remove General Sheridan, whom the Democrat
papers accuse of bidding by his action for the sup-
port of the Radical party, with the intention of
running for the next Presidency. Advices by the
China inform us, that in accordance with positive
instructions from President Johnson, the time of
the registration of voters in Louisiana has been
extended until further notice. By the news, how-
ever, which that steamer picked up at Halifax to
July 4th, bills empowering the military commanders
to remove all civil officers at discretion had been
introduced into Congress on the 3d.
The Figaro published the most circumstantial de-
tails of the last hours of Maximilian, derived from
the Esperanza, a Queretaro paper of June 20. The
whole is believed to be a pure invention, although
well written and minutely described. The Memorial
Dtplomatique gives the most afflicting news from
Miramar of the condition of the Empress Charlotte.
Her intellect is totally gone, and she remains
plunged in a gloomy reverie, unconscious of all pass-
ing around her. Even the news of her husband's
execution failed for a moment to rouse her, and as
a final experiment she is to be carried to the Palace
of Lacken, the scene of her youthful reminiscences.
The foreign legion has reached Mobile from Mexico,
and Vera Cruz has been captured by the Liberals.
Official advices have been received in New York,
announcing that the Emperor Maximilian was shot
on the 19th June. Juarez had postponed the exe-
cution for three days. Both the British Consul
and Prussian Minister had strongly protested
against it ; the latter assuring Juarez that several
crowned heads in Europe would undertake, if Maxi-
Indian's life were spared, that he would leave Mexico
forthwith. To this Juarez and his Ministers re-
plied that the safety of the country demanded the
execution. Escobedo, who seems to be the most
genuine of the tigers, has expressed the hope that
before his military career ends he should see the
blood of every foreigner in Mexico spilled. It is
as well for him, as for the foreigners, that hopes are
not daggers, or his military career would have a
very speedy termination. The contemptible wretch
will probably be assassinated if the turn of events
which consigns him to the fate of Maximilian is long
delayed. He has declared that he would confiscate
the property of all Imperialists.
The Quaker City, with its party of American
tourists, arrived at Gibraltar on the 29th ult. She
left New York on the 10th, under the command of
Captain C. Duncan, and, on her way to the Straits,
touched at Fayal. The tourists number between
70 and 80. They will proceed from Gibraltar to
Marseilles, then to Genoa, to Leghorn, Naples,
Malta, Constantinople, Syrmna, Jaffa, and Alex-
andria. Time will be allowed for a visit to Rome,
Jerusalem, and to all points of interest near the
ports at which the steamer will call. The expedi-
tion will not return to New York till the end of
October. General Sherman was to have made one
of the party, but he has lately returned to St. Louis,
after making arrangements to raise all the Indian
hair that the scalping knife of the United States
soldiers can reach.
Mr. Campbell, late Minister from the United
States to Mexico, appears to have hit on a new ex-
cuse for not proceeding when ordered to his post.
lie hints that the Government refused to furnish
him with the necessary funds. The appointment
of his successor has created some surprise, and has
been commented on with some severity by the Press;
although it may be difficult to secure a trusted and
well-known diplomatist for such a post, it will pro-
bably be the most important of the foreign missions
held by a citizen of the States. Of the new Minister
the Nation writes :--" Marcus Otterburg, or, as
some of his friends or enemies now style him,
the " Marquis d'Otterbourg," is a German of the
Jewish persuasion, who came to this country a very
young man, 1852, with very few acquired advan-
tages. He is a native of Landau, and we presume
had not at that time given much attention to diplo-
macy, as he began life in his adopted country by
opening a small cigar store at Milwaukee. In this
business he failed miserably, and was pursued with
some vindictiveness by angry creditors. He then,
we believe, acted as treasurer for an itinerant thea-
trical company, of which his wife was one of the
stars, and then betook himself to journalism. In
this field he figured as advertising agent, and collec-
tor of ' personal items,' for a small German paper
in Milwaukee, in which capacity he earned the grati-
tude of some prominent Republican politicians,
and his claims for a small clerkship were urged
earnestly by them on Mr. Lincoln. He was ap-
pointed Consul to Mexico as a compromise, was
well received by Maximilian, but found one thou-
sand dollars a year too small a sum with which to
cut a respectable figure in court circles, and, like a
sensible man, resigned. Mr. Seward insisted on his
remaining at his post however, and now, we sup-
pose as a reward of his constancy, has made him
minister. For all of this Mr. Otteuburg is in no
way to blame, but we think the public will agree
with us in thinking that the country has not got
so hard beset for public servants that it is forced to
draw upon the ranks of German-Jewish immigra-
tion whenever it wants diplomatists for posts re-
quiring unusual tact, discretion, and training."
The Springfield Republican defends the minister;
stating that he was banished from his native country
through his Republican instincts, and that he de-
serves the reward he has obtained for so steadily
remaining at his post.
A July session is now inevitable and necessary.
The majority in Congress, after trying
heroically
to draw and pass a bill that would virtually sweep
the existing State governments out of existence
and lodge the supreme authority, under the com-
mander-in-chief, in the hands of the district
commanders, succeeded iu passing a bill that left
the State governments just where they were, and
gave the district commanders hardly any authority
whatever which is not possessed by the com-
manding officer on Governor's Island. This
exploit was sufficiently remarkable ; but they
achieved one more remarkable than this, for they
persuaded Andrew Johnson that the bill they had
passed was one of the most frightful laws that ever
emanated from a legislative body ; that it put the
whole South under the soldier's iron heel, and made
each Federal general a pasha, and a pasha, too, un-
checked by the fear of his master's bowstring. The
poor President, under the influence of this halluci-
nation, sat down and wrote in " lewd prose" a gor-
geous and thrilling veto, in which he showed that
the bill aimed at a clean sweep of constitutional
government, and would establish a brutal despotism,
and would leave good Americans nothing to live
for. In fact, the deception was complete. If the
business of Congress was to play practical jokes on
Andrew Johnson, the majority of last session
would deserve the thanks of the country. As
they have higher aims, however, they are going
to meet again and try their hands once more.
We hope this time they will make the job coin-

plete, and put every inch of the South securely
in the hands of Federal officers, so that their
will shall be law, and the only law, until the
work of reconstruction has been done in the manner
prescribed by Congress. We think, moreover, a
very good use of military power would be the trans-
portation of Governor Perry and all other obstruc-
tives to some bright little isle, there to remain,
without pen, ink, or paper, till the South is
back in the Union. The question before the South
just now is not how to conduct a constitu-
tional government, but how to create one; and
all attempts to limit the powers of the mili-
tary officers by constitutional precedents and
doctrines is as absurd as to insist on the architect
of the new State capitol taking Cushing's Manual
for his guide in drawing the plans. People wil
readily forgive Congressmen for their blundering if
in the coming session they will confine themselves
to a rectification of their blundering in the matter
of reconstruction ; but the fact that gold began to
rise as soon as it appeared that they were to meet
in July is a striking indication of the want of public
confidence in their discretion and self-control. The
hot weather will, however, probably limit debate
and curb zeal, and we shall see the reconstruction
machine once more in good working order by the
first of August.—The Nation. _ .

We are not of those who pretend to a clear idea
of the extent of the Indian hostilities at the West or of
the prospect of a speedy repression of them. The pub•
lished telegrams abound in stories of "battles" and "mas-
sacres," some of which have been proved to be, in plain
language, diabolical inventions. The despatches from the
civil officials are filled with apprehension and with censure
of the War Department; those from the military comman-
ders seem to depreciate the danger—which is what we
might expect from both parties. But it is painful to
observe that all the ferocity displayed proceeds from the
civilians, with Governor Hunt at their head. Indeed
what some of the good people of Denver indignantly de-
nounced as calumny in Hepworth Dixon's account of
white scalping, is shown to be no calumny at this juncture.
Not always, wo do believe, do the far Westerners hold the
life of an Indian in as much contempt as the Southerner
once held the negro's, but in the hot blood caused by his
depredations and violence the savage must not expect
mercy, and does not, though wo wish for the American
reputation ho might expect to be put to death in a Chris-
tian manner. He is not, however, so much to be pitied as
those who, by warfare with him, are brought down to the
same level of brutality ; and for the sake of the genera-
tion that is educated into familiarity with this bloodshed,
of which nobody may boast, it is to ho hoped tho miser-
able conflict may soon terminate."
General Sickles' resignation has not been accepted,
and the dispute will probably be decided by Congress.
Charges of incompetency have been preferred
against Milton Kelley, United States Military Judge of
Idaho, by the Territorial Legislature, and delegate to Con-
gress. The case will be heard at Washington before
Attorney-General Stauborry.
Colonel R. H. Conwell, formerly of Springfield
and lately of Minnesota, will proceed to England, to which
country he has been appointed, together with Germany
and Denmark, as State emigration agent.
General Rousseau will be ordered to his command
on returning to Washington with the President. Russian-
America has been added to his military district of Oregon
and Washington.
Samuel Galloway has been nominated on the
Republican ticket for State Governor of Ohio.
Major Henry O'Connor, the Republican candi-
date for Attorney-General of lowa, has been appointed to
the office in advance of the election to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of Attorney-General Bissell.
On the 20th of June an inaugurative entertain-
ment was given by Mr. Childs of the Philadelphia Ledger
on the occasion of opening the new building for that
journal. A picture of the house is given in Frank Leslie,
and judging by this, it must be an ornament to the city.
Mrs. Mehitable Radcliffe, an old lady of 84, died
at Portsmouth, New Ilatnpshire, a short time since, after
having been confined to her bed thirty-four years.
Two men who lately escaped from one of the
Feejee islands report that Capt. Silas Buchanan and wife
and Riley Sweet, all of New London, who sailed in a
small vessel from San Francisco for Australia, fifteen
years ago, and were supposed to have perished ou the pas-
sage, aro now alive and are held as captives by the savages
on one of those islands.
The General Synod of the Reformed Dutch
Church, which closed its session lately at Genova, re-
solved, by a vote of 110 to 8, to drop the word " Dutch"
from its title. This action of the Synod has yet to be
confirmed by the different classes. The church will then
return to its original title —" The Reformed Church of
America," hold for almost a century, until the Dutch were
conquered by the British, when, by the latter, it was
called the "Dutch" Church.