The Sun.
London, England, 1858-04-01 00:00:00

" THE CRIMINAL LAW."

" Lectnre ingredients in a criminal act exa-
mined. Public, bowdit,tinguished from Private, Wrong-;
Doctrine of our Law as to Criminal Intention. ActuB
non facie rearm nisi mens sit rea.
"Lecture s.—Crsrieral view of our Criminal Law; its
valiow: branches and subdivisions.
" Lectures 6 and 7. —Io these lectures a sketch will
be Liven of our Criminal Procedure.

" L, °tures 8 and 9 wilt be devoted to an investigation
of the Law of Homicide, Larceny, and Conspiracy.
"Lecture 10 will be occupied with an inquiry as to
the writ of habeas corpus, when it lies, and the proceed-
ings connected with it.
" With his private class the Reader will discuss the
various subjects above indicated, directing attention to
the leading cases illustrative of them. The foil )wing
books %% ill be used for reference with the private clue :
Smith's Leading Cases (fourth edition), Broom's Com.-
inewsries (so far as it treats of the Law of Torts and
Criminal Law), and Archbold's Criminal Pleading (tact
edition by Welsby).
"By order of the Council,
" RICHARD BETHELL, Chairman.

"Council Chamber, Lincoln's-inn, March 24."
"The following are the days and hours for the de-
livery of the public lectures by the Readers appointed by
the Inns of Court, and for the attendance of the private
classes :

EARL STANHOPE AT ABERDEEN.

The Very Rev. Principal Dewar engaged in prayer,
alter which Dr. Cruickshank, secretary of the unirer•
sity, administered the oath of office.

Tee noble Loan RECTOR then spoke as follows, his
address being extemporaneous throughout :—Gentle-
men, in appearing before you this day, and in offering
you my cordial thanks for the high honour you have con-
ferred upon me, I cannot but feel how much that
honour is enhanced by the entire absence, on my part,
of any local cennection with the county or city of Aber-
deen. (Applause.) I have, indeed, some Scottish ties
—I may boast of some Scottish blood in my veins ; but
as all my Sc ittish ties are south of Forth, and as an
ancient proverb declares that "Forth bridles the High-
lander," so it must also limit the local connections of the
men of Aberdeen. (Cheers.) Since, therefore, the
hononrl haveit should also
receivedsou is
enhancedreceive from
by th e wantme,a m
of localore
connection,
earnest expression ef thanks. (Applause.) But, having
said this much, I feel that I shall best show my sense of
the favour you have bestowed upon me by passing at once
from all topics personal to myself, and addressing my-
self rather to those questions upon which my age and
experience of life, as well as the dignity amongst you to
which you have raised me, entitle me to address you in
words of counsel and guidance. (Cheers.) Gentlemen,
I say, then, that it behoves all those whose education
is in progress to consider with themselves carefully what
is really the aim and object of that education. Do not
suppose that it is merely the acquisitiog of knowledge.
Knowledge is, indeed, important—nay, indispensable
—but we must remember that, in many cases,
the acquisition of knowledge is to be regarded as the
means rather than as a final end. The object should be
to make the mind strong rather than full—to make the
mind an iestrumeet of power to work with in after
years—not a mere receptacle for facts, like some vessel
into which water may be poured. It is important that
you should not merely master the acquisition of facts,
but learn how to apply them. I would invite you to con-
sider how strong on this point are the expressions of no
less an authority than Milton. Milton says—" Language
is but the instrument conveying to us things useful to
be known. And though a linguist should pride himself
to have all the tongues that Babel cleft the world into,
yet, if he have not studied the solid things in them, as
well as the words and lexicons, he were nothing so much
to be esteemed a learned man as any yeoman or trades-
man competently wise in his mother dialect only.',
(Applause.) Now, observe from whom these words pro-
ceed—not from any man imperfectly acquainted with
ancient and modern languages, and who might therefore
have an interest in undervaluing these studies ; but
from one whose accomplishments in Italian, for instance,
are well known; who knew Latin as well as he did
English, and who acted as Latin Secretary to the Lord
Protector, Cromwell. Any advice from such a quarter as
to the true end of the acquisition of facts must be held
to come with peculiar weight and force. It, then, lam
asked in what way, after acquiring words and the study
of languages—after acquiring facts for the study of his-
tory and science—how these are to be turned to the best
account, I should say it is by order and combination.
Two facts taken separately may be of little value—com-
bine them, and some discovery of importance may be
the result. So long as facts reatai a uuapplied ;so long
as you make no observation of the connection between
them, or the progress from one to another, you cannot
expect the benefit to which I have adverted. I should
wish to give you an instance to make my meaning
clearer, and I find this in a popular work of only the
last age. Miss Edgeworth, in one of those admirable
tales which have made, in our youthful days especially,
her name as a household word to us, has portrayed a
young lady—Miss Isabella Harcourt—whose main em-
ployment under an ill-regulated education was to learn
dates by heart, whose great pride was to see from time to
time some visitor bow to her and declare he would give

the world for such a memory ! nip', on one occasion
she was parrotlike reciting that the first printing-press
was established in Westminster Abbey in 1494, and tho
first white paper made in England in 1587. "It is well
worth remarking," said a truly accomplished lady who

was present, "that literature in Englend must have at
that time made but a very slow progress, one hundred
years had elapsed between the establishment of your
printing press and the making of your white paper."
"That never struck me before," the younger lady re-
plied ; "I only learnt these things by heart to repeat in
conversation." There, then, is a familiar instance, yet 1
know not how from any work of more elaborate preten-
sions I could have derived a clearer and more striking
one to show the difference between mere facts and the
use that may be made of them, or, in other words, be-
tween the faculties of memory and reason. The know-
ledge of words and facts, then, is indispensable as a
foundation, but you are not to allow them to remain
dormant in your minds—they must be applied and com-
bined ; and thus the intelligent mind is able, as it were,
to draw them into life. (Applause.) 4-lln this way only
you will make your first study of words and of facts con-
ducive to the improvement and maturity of your minds.
(Applause.) I cannot but think, gentlemen, that one
branch of study illustrates that progress in a remarkable
manner. Look to mathematics--(cheers)—look to that
branch especially comprised under the term geometry.
See from how few points it proceede—a few definitions
—a few axioms are all it has to build upon, yet by
applying one fact to another, while constantly building
on the former foundation, YOU find at length all the
' properties of figures and bodies, not merely as they are
in fact, bat as reason is able to discover and evolve them.
And thus it is that from these few simple points—these
few definitions and axioms—that you arrive at long' b at
such admirable samples of mental argument as you find
in the 47th proposition in the first b'iok of Euclid, or the
eighth proposition in the third book. (Applause.) You can
, of the advantage.; of not
but of applying them
needmere
lnyo
acquiring
pwr
oo
rodf ,s In tubdi nk
facts,
to each other, and oceivg what conselucuoe follows,

" The Reader on Constitutional Law and Legal His-
tory will deliver his public lectures at Lincoln's-inn-hall
on Wednesdays, at 2 p.m. First lecture on the 21st of
April. The private classesmeet in the Benchers' Read-
ing-i nom on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, from
ha f-past 9 to half-past 11 a.m. First class meets on
the 22d of April.
" The Reader on Equity will deliver his public lec-
tures at Lincoln's-inn-hall on Thursdays, at 2 p.m. First
lecture on the 15th of April. The private classes meet
i❑ the Benchers' Reading-room on Mondays, Wednes-
days, and Fridays at a quarter past three and a quarter
past four p.m. First class meets on the 16th oY April.
" The Reader on the Law of Real Property, &c., will
deliver his public lecture at Gray's-inn-hall on Fridays,
at 2 p.m. First lecture on the IGth of April. The pri-
vates classes meet in the north library on Mondays,
Wednesdays, and Fridays, from a quarter to 12 a.m. to
a quarter to 2 p.m. First class meets on the 19th of
April.
" The Reader on Jurisprudence and Civil Law will
deliver his public lectures a• the Middle Teruple-hall on
Tuesdays, at 2 p.m. First lecture on the 20th of April.
The private classes meet at No. 4, Garden court, Tem-
ple, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at a
quarter to 4 p.m. First class meets on the 22d of April.
"The Reader on Common Law will deliver his public
lectures at the Inner Temple-hall on Mondays, at 2 p.m.
First lecture on the 19th of April. The private classes
meet at the Inner Temple-hall on Tuesdays, Thursdays,
and Saturdays, from a quarter to 12 a.m. to a quartet to
2 p.m. First c!ass meets on the 20th of April.
" N•ste.—The educational term commences on the
15th of April, and ends on the 31st of July, subject to a
deduction of the days intervening between the end of
Easter and the beginning of Trinity law term.
"The public lectures and private classes will be sus-
pended aft r Saturday, the Bth day of March next, and
will be resumed at the appointed daps and bouts on and
after Thurgelly the 27th of

Money received by sale of Exchequer Bills (Supply) issued to replace (In part) the
Amount of Bills paid off in money out of the Ways and Means of the year 1857-8,.

284,600

Amount received in the Quarter ended March 31, 1858, in repayment of Advances for
Public Works, &c. ....

431,268

Saving on the charge for the Diplomatic Salaries for the year 1857

Balance, being the deficiency on the 31st March, 1858, upon the charge of the Consolidated
Fu• d in Great Britain, to meet the Dividends and other Charges payable in the
Quarter to June 30, 1853, and for which Exchequer Bills (Deficiency) will be issued
hi that Quarter

1,201,420

•Q. 71 1:171

I think it may be said, w

Lth regard to mathematic ,

and the progress thus nT]e in teaching the sequene,-,

of ideas, that-Li-4% ha"; scarcely ex iggerated, when he
The installation of the Right Hon. Earl Stanhope, says that he should deem the studying of mathematics
Lord Rector of Marischal College and University, took an advantage an the hard, or, if you will, inipossitL,
place within the College Hall, on Thursday, in presence condition, that at the close of his studies, the student
of a very large assemblage, including a considerable should forget all the facts he had learnt, be-ause the
number of ladies. habits of patient thought and investigation acquired
The Lerd Provost and magistrates preceded the Lord would be worth all the labour they bad cost him.
Rector and seriatim; into the Lail. His lmdsbip was (Cheers.) You may also observe how clearly the want
received with loud cheers, of order and combination i shown in the history of a

nation with which we have been lately engaged in some
not very friendly transactions—l mean the Chinese.
Some of the rudiments of knowledge were known to tue

Chinese at a period when our ancestors were mere un-
taught and wandering savages. At a wry early period
printing and type-founding and the rudiments of several
other important arts and brooches of knowledge were
known to the Chinese, but, as they never applied them-
selves to connect one fact to anoth r, and try to see
where they would lead, they remained mere barren
branches of speculation—they were not in fact reduced
to practice
; and thus you see the Chinese have continued,
notwithstanding these early rudiments of knowledge,
liable to be bearded by any handful of Europeans that
may land upon their shores. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, there
is one other consideration which I feel very anxious to
impress upon you. It is usual sometimes, especially
among the young, to conceive that success in life—that
eminence, either in literature or some profession, may
be gained by a sudden bound—that genius in fact may
supply the place of study. Now, gentlemen, so far as
my experience of life has gone, I should say, on the con-
trary, that study is the condition of success. (Cheers.)
Depend upon it there is the greatest truth in these words
of the Latin poet—

_
Nil nisi Inagno
Vita labors dedii mOrtalibas."

(Applause.) Tne more clostly you look at this ques-
tion, the more you find that the exceptions to this
rule are very few, and the closer they aro examined the
fewer they become. I think you will find that in
almost all pursuits it is study —it is patient labour—
which alone enables the man who will take these
pains to achieve that brilliant success which some
of you may look upon as the mere proof of unpreme-
ditated geniue (Cheers.) What 's called the inspira-
tion of poets is very often, I believe, nothing more than
an assidious practice i f the rules of poetry. Now I
should like to point this out in a little more detail. None
of you would deny that study is essential in the case of
great philosophers—of men of science—that study was
all in all to Sir Isaac Newton when ho discovered those
laws by which the universe is moved ; none of you will
deny that study was all in all to your own Adam Smith
when he not only founded but brought to perfection a
new science—that cif political economy. (Cheers.) But
even in the case of poets, and of writers of works of fiction
you would find on inquiry that their genius is by no means
of that unpremeditated kind which is independent of
study. You might at first sight suppose that Rousseau
was indebted to genius for those bursts of eloquence thet
characterised his writings, and that these were not the
result of study and of care, but in the account which he
has given us of his own mental conoiiion he disclaims
thi-. On the contrary, be states his composition cost hint
the greatest care and labour—that his manuscripts were
written over and over again, and tbat some sentences he
turned over in his mind night after night before he
brought them to the perfection he desired. I can give
you another instance of a man whom many supposed to
have been a careless man of genius, but who, in reality,
was by no means independent of careful study—l allude
to one who was in his early years connected with this
town, and whose early d welling was pointed out to me as
I walked just now to this college—l mean Lord Byron.
(Cheers ) Now it so happens that within the last fortnight,
I think, there has been published a book by an associate
and friend of Lord Byron—Mr. Trelawney, who gives,
among other things, au account If his mode of composi
Lion, showing with how much care and labour it was at•
tended. The work, which has come out within the period
I have mentioned relates that, on one occasion, as Lord
Byron, accompanied by Mr. Trelawney, was sailing past
the shores of Italy, on his way to Greece, he expressed
some sentiments regarding the Conduct of affairs in Italy,
and the state of parties at Rome, which Mr, Trelawney
was eager to see transferred to the glowing lines Byron
knew so well how to produce. Re entreated him to
turn theta into poetry. Byron sat down, and Mr. Tre
lawney left him for one or two hours busily employed on
the deck, but the verse did not come at the bidding of
the bard. He (Byron) did not, however, give up the
task, and sat pondering over the paper for nearly an
hour ; then, gnashing his teeth, he tore np what he bad
written, and threw the fragments overboard ; and he
said —" To extemporise verses is nonsense. Poetry is a
distinct faculty ; it will not come when called—you
might as well whistle for a wind. I must chew the cud
before I can write." And he added that he had revolved
some of hie compositions for whole years in his heart
before he had attempted to write them down. Perhaps
there may be some exaggeration in this last statement,
but there can be no doubt that Lord Byron did devote
most serious study to his powers of composition. Why
do I give you instances I Because as to men of science,
statesmen, and philosophers, you would not doubt that
study—patient study—was essential ; but you might be
disposed to dispute what I have said with regard to men
who, in their lifetime, passed as mere Eons of extempo-
raneous genius. The instances I have given you from
the lives of Rousseau and Byron prove the assertion
even in this limited sense untrue. The mastery of style
is only to be acquired by patient study, which once
again I venture to recommend to you as the right and
Role condition of success. (Applause.) I know not,
however, gentlemen, why I should have enlarge speci-
ally on this theme, for I believe that in no country is
perseverance in study less wanting or less necessary to
be enforced than in Scotland. Of this I can assure you
we are well aware in England ; and I ma/ as proof
read to you a few words from a publication, which has
appeared within the last few days, containing a rep rt
of the annual meeting of the Institute of Liverpool. I
was reading the report of thin institute for another
object, and I find that one of the speeches bears a
f sling tribute to the industry of this part of the
island. Mr. Richard Johnson, ono of the principal men
in the place, says he had given some facts which he
hoped would stimulate the youth around them toepr.eoes
ouwarti, etriye for academical 110/Jowl!. Ain

Amount applied out of the: Income to Supply Services, in the Quarter ended March 31,
Charge of the Consolidated Fund for the Quarter ended March 31, 185 S, viz.:—
Interest of the Permanent Debt £5,577,130
Terminable Debt 1,399,985
Interest of Exchequer Bills (Deficiency)
4.- The Civil List
Other Charges on Consolidated Fund 318,635
Advances for Public Works. &e...........

Surplas.Balance beyond the charge of the Consolidated Fund, for the Quarter en,:ed
March 31, 1854, viz. :
Great Britain .... • • .... • • .

..

7,940, 56

456,773

18.714,371

Ihi; when a student in a Scotch college was much pleesed
to meet two shepherd lade, who had raved as much in
the rummer, by t,nding their flecks, as enabled them to
attend the college lecturee in the winter. (Applau-e.)
Now, gentlemen, how highly are these shepherd lads to
be admired ! (Cheers.) And how does it bring shame
to many in England, and to some, I have, no doubt, in
Scotland, who with every facility brought home to
them, neglect or undervalue these opportunities, which
other., having to toil with their hands are so nobly
striving alter. (Cheers.) I think, geutletnen, you will
be couvinc el, from these few words I have ceurured to
quote, that these efforts, so much to ere admired, are not
forgotten or undervalued in the southern portion of thie
island. Gentlemen, I have not yet done with this point,
ef the importance Of etudy in ail the walks of life, fer
that, in reality, is the keystone of cusses. Now there
is one scene of success to which you may think my r.-
marks will not apply. I mean speeches, such as you
hear in public assemblies—in the Houses of Loris and
Commons, for ex imple, where you find an extempore-
neOUH and immediate reply, delivered with great force
and effect, so some speech which has only just been
ut ered. You will find, if you consider this more olo.se'y
that the power of making such quick replies is only to
be gained by great study and by slow degree,. (Ap-
plau-e.) And I will give you on this subject the opinion
of one of the most judicious, perhaps the most judicious
writer who ever wrote upon the subject. I will give
you a sentence from the great work of Quintinan. Does
Quinti:ian think that the mere extemporaneous facility,
or power of speaking, is derived from genius alone!
He says, "Sine bac quidem conscientia (rnultuue iere•
scribendo laborem insumpsisse) ilia ipsa ex tetnpore
dicendi facuitus inanem modo lequa.citatera dabit et
verba in labris nascentia." Obeerve that happy expres-
sion—" verba in labris nascentia." Now I ask you, may
not these words remind you of that sort of rant which
we sometimes hear on some hustings; are they not
wholly distinct from that measured, well-considered who
dom which we find to proceed from the leaders of oppo-
site parties in the house? Does it not show in the clearest
manner, in the language of Qeintilian, that study makes
the difference between the mere flow of words and the
real poser of addressing argument, and wit, and el ;-
queoce, in immediate reply ? (Applause.) To make this
still clearer to you, I would venture to illustrate this by
a story derived from a different career of success. It is
related in Italy of a gceat painter, that, baying produced
a most powerful, though perhaps, unfinished, picture, in
three days, he asked as its price a hundred sequins. It
is said that the churlish patron demurred at the price,
saying that the sum seemed to him excessive for the
work of three days. " But weal !" cried the artist, "Da
you forget that I have been 30 years in learning how to
make this picture in three days." (Cheer'.) When,
therefore, you see an immediate reply proceed from some
of the groat leaders of public opinion do not deceive
yourselves by the idea that this was a mere burst of ex-
temporaneous genius, but be assured that there has been
study, persevering study, to give the power and felicity
of this outburst, which seemed to spring up at the mo-
ment, (Cheers.) I feel tempted at this pica to state to
you, from the highest authority, some of the means by
which that important gift of readiness of speech can be
most easily and compl-tely acquired. And you will ob-
serve that the power of rat- mporaoeous speaking is not
confined merely, so far as utility goes, to men eligiv4ed
in public life, but may in many circuurstences iu private
life be found of great service. Perhaps you may like to
hear some practical advice which came from a man of
the highest reputation in this respect. No man had that
gift of using in public speaking the right word in the
right place—no man carried that gift to a higher degree
of perfection, as all parties have owned, than Mr. Pitt.
Now, my father had the honour to be connected in re•
iationship with that great man—(applause)—and, as
such, he had the privilege of being in the house with
him sometimes for many %reeks together. Presuming
that familiar intercourse, he told me he ventured on one
occasion to ask Mr. Pitt by what means—by what
course of study—he had acquired that admirable
readiness of speech —that aptness cf finding the right
word. Mr. Pitt replied that whatever readiness
he might be thought to possess in that respect he be-
lieved he derived much from a practice his father, the
great Lord Chatham, had enjoined on him. Lord Cha•
thaw had bid him take up any book in some foreign lan-
guage with which he was well acquainted—in Latin,
Greek, or French, for example. Lord Chatham then
enjoined him to read out of this work a passage in Eng-
lish, stopping where he was not sure of the word until
the right one came, and then proceed. Mr. Pitt states
that he had assiduously followed this practice. At first
he had often to stop for a while before he could find
the proper word, but he found the difficulties gradually
disappear, until what was a toil to him at first became
an easy and familiar task. (Cheers.) Of course, Ido
not mean to say, that with men in general the same suc-
ce-s as in the case of Mr. Pitt, or anything like it. would
be found to follow this same course of practice ; although
I am able to assure you, from other cases I have known,
that a course of study of this kind is of great use in re-
moving the difficulties of extemporaneous speaking ; and
it not only gives its aid in public speaking, but also in
written composition. Moreover, you will find this
course has the advantage of confirming and extending
your knowledge of some valuable author, who bad al-
ready been made the subject of study ; and on the:no
grounds it is by no means unworthy of your thoughtful
attention. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, I have hitherto spou-terii
of study as the condition of success in active life, b
should do great injustice to study and.
.t.,0
e r did not
attainments which are the result of stet' lisiefeliterary
bel made con-
point out other objects to which thoeuv rot";
et you bow great
ducive. And first, I would point
study is
in a
p,,r
a resource and refuge literature and
OU the words of Qeia
manyiocl
of you are
f sorrow. I ventured to quolteda,re
say
his beloved
paseago where
Lillian on another point,
familiar with the touchiebgalnc,
he laments the untitrelY lo,ssi.l et"e4 SO:". He goes
lased viviueus et aaqua vivendi ratio querenda
on to say—.
rave
doctiesiiote viiis qui unison adver-
es!, creclecou
fiteras putaverunt." You observe that he
serum 801,
f cum adversorusn solatium." We know
„„peaese-brill
passages of the writings of that time, as from sever. I
paosge,i in Juvenal, the contemporary of Quintilian— its.
for example his " Sty gio ranas in gurgite nigras," to
what contempt the old heathen superstitions had already
fallen, while the rays of a clearer faith had not yet begun
to at the period when Quiotiiiau ii cd the; .wcrld