The Sun.
London, England, 1858-12-29 00:00:00

THIS RAI'S SHIPPING.

LONDON, Dec. 29.—Wind this day at noon, N.W. ;
moderate breeze, and very fine.
PLYMOUTH, Dec. 28.—Wind N.W.—Arrived—Nor-
Man (screw steamer), from the Cape of Good Hope.
SOUTHAMPTON, Dec. 28.—Wind N.W,—Sailed—Ham-
loonia (steamer), for New York, disabled in machinery.
RAMSGATE, Dec. 28.—Wind W.N.W.—Arrived—
Po, from Rio Grando for Leith; Zion, from Bo'ness for
Dieppe, assisted in with loss of bulwarks and stancheons,
bowsprit sprung, sails split, &c.
BRISTOL, Dec. 28.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Bencleugh,
from Mauritius.
PILL, Dec. 28.—Wind W., fresh.—Sailed—King Arthur,
for St. Michael's.
QUEENSTOWN, Dec. 28.—Wind N.—Arrived—Juliana,
from Monte Video; Mazatlan, from London for Boston,
With loss of rudder; Purchase, from Liverpool for Yar-
mouth, N.S., leaky.
NEWPORT, Dec. 28.—Wind N.W.—Sailed—Pilad, for
Theodosia.
HOLYHEAD, Dec. 28.—Wind N.W.—Arrived—Joshua
Waddington, from Liverpool for Bombay.
Orr DONAGHADEE, Dec. 28.—Arrived—North Briton
(screw steamer), from Portland, U.S., for Liverpool; left
on 18th.

Gunisnr, Dec. 28.—Arrived—Balfour, from Richi-
bud°.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning.

Wind N.W.

Arrived.—Havre, steamer, from Havre; Hammonia,
steamer, put back, with slight derangement of machinery.
Sailed.—Celia Barbier, for Bordeaux ; Supply, for Sun-
derland ; Cheshire Witch, for Newport.
LIVERPOOL, Wednesday Morning.

Wind N.W., fresh.
, Arrived, Dec. 28.—Blanche Moore, from Manilla ; Alad-
din, from Calcutta ; Rome, from New Orleans ; Danube,
screw steamer, from Genoa.
Arrived, Dec. 29—Nugget, from Cilcutta ; Economic,
from Buenos Ayres ; London, from St. Michael's ; North
triton, screw steamer, from Portland.

(BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Wednesday Morning.
Wind N.W. ; tide two hours' ebb ; weather fine.
Arrived, Dec. 28—Janet and Jane, from Stettin.
Arrived, Dec. 29—Emily, from Tielbock ; Demetrius,
from Lagos ; Oraizo, from Alexandria ; Black Swan and
belta—both from Callao; Duna and Britannia—both from
Cronstadt ; Julius, from Lorient ; William, steamer, from
Copenhagen ; Fyenoord, from Rotterdam ; Shardlo, from
ottenburg•
KY.
for Madeira ; Isabella, for Mauritius ;
Y. Cook, for Now Orleans ; Clyde, for Calcutta.
DEAL, Wednesday Morning.
Wihd N.N.W., moderate.
Passed—Ohio, from Shields, for Havannah ; Josephine,
can Shields, for Naples ; Paris and London, steamer, from
London, for Paris • Daphine and the Silurian, from London,i
for Cardiff; John Mowlemn of Weymouth, brig, from
north, for westward.
Sailed.—Shakespeare, for Bombay; Risk, for Trinidad
'ith several others to the westward.

DEATH OF MR. BELSHAW.—Mi. Thomas Bel-
nd 'haw, 80 well 'known as connected with exhibitions of arts
manufactures for the last twenty years, especially by
Exhibition
receiving and managing the goods, &c., at the Great
Kensington.
of 18.51, died on Thursday, the 23d inst., at
4ensington. Mr. Belshaw has been suffering the last three
Years from injuries received on board the Berwick transport
going out to the Crimea in charge of the 3d division
of the Army Works Corps.
The remainder of the gold by the Kent,
439°,744, has been bought for exportation ; £125,000 is on
Iteeeunt of the new Chilian loan, and will be sent to Chili
Uy the next West India steamer. According to a note from
Captain E. S. Brine, her commander, the Kent made her
passage from Melbourne in 79, instead of 80 days ; and the
,antity of gold on board (including, it is presumed, all
`4,,,e amounts in private hands) was £500,000, instead of
'90,744.
A telegram from St. Petersburg announces that
„ Exchange on London, which very recently touched
has suddenly relapsed to 361 The absence of coun-
, hance to the hasty assumption that a loan would be
',-x'ought forward immediately, has perhaps a good deal to
'a with this movement. The tallow market is reported
qltiet, at 166 ro., with 10 ro. down, for delivery in August.
tie PPREHENSION OF AN ESCAPED CONVICT.—A
.I.et-of-leave convict and notorious burglar, named David
Cubbin, who on the morning of the 10th Nov. last
re_aped from Kilmarnock prison, where he had been con-
ea on a charge of theft by housebreaking, was on Friday
had be in King-street, Tradeston, where he
ltd been on a visit to a brother, by a constable who
fed him by the description which had been read to the
to /Ile?. He has been sent back to Kilmarnock.—Glasgow

SIIA RE

'IS DAY.)

ORDINARY SHARES AND STOCKS.

Share Railwayr.

Share - Railways. Paid. Fri Cloa.ngßusiness
Done.
•
12.10 Amberg., Lvotting. Boat.
and Eastern Junction 10 65 61
50 BelfaAt and Ballymena all
13.14 Bir., Rol., and Mr. Val all 74 81
Stozk Birk., Lane., andCliesh
Junction
25 Blackburn
25 Blyth and Tyne all 29 31
Stock Bristol and Exeter
Stock Caledonian
Stock Chester and Holyhead
50 Cork and Bandon all
20 Cork, Blkrock,&Passage all
20 Cornwall all 44 54
A roves. no div
10 Do. A fun
10 Do. B hasbeen pd.toß. , an. t'l6p.c.per ll —--
50 Dublin and Belfa s t June. all
25 Dun.,Perth,&Ab:•.Jruc all 7
Stock East Anglian lOO 161 1/
Stock Eastern Counties lOO 63 64 64
Stock Eastern Union A Stock 100 47 49
Stock Do. do. B Stock 100 31 33
• 25 Do.Nw.A.(lte.E.U3ds)
25 East Kent all 12 14
Stock East Lancashire lOO 96 97
20 East Suffolk
10 Do
Stock Edinburg and Glasgow 100 68 69
Stock Edin.,Perth, & Dundee. 100 285 284
10 Forth & Clyde Junction all
Stock Furness
Stock Glasgow& South Westn l6b 93 95
10 Great North of Scotland all 10 101
Stock Great Northern lOO 107 108 107 84 75
Stock Do. do. A Stock lOO 22 94
Stock Do. do. B Stock lOO 133 135
Stock Gt. South.& Wstn.(lreld) 100 1041 1051
Stock Great Western
Stock Do.Str.Vl,Rail Gua.Stk lOO 55 57
12 Irish South Eastern all
50 Lancaster and Carlisle all 87 az
164 Do. Thirds
1613 4 Do. New Thirds l6 12 13 p
Stock[Lancashire & Yorkshire 100 98 D 95 98)C
16 Do. do. F £l6 6 # d
9 Do. do. £9 shares 7 5 d
3 Do. West Riding Union 4
20 Do. Southport
[1.6.3 London and Blackwall all 54 64
[1.6.3 Do.Nelclss.at £slosp.sh 4l
Stock Lon.,Bri7hton kS.Coast 100 112 f 1131
Stock London dr. North Westn 100 95i 951 94 6
121 n
Do. Eighths
Stock London& South-Westn lOO 955 954 .5
25 L'derry & Coleraine
25 L'derry & Enniskillen all
stock Man., Sher , & Lincoln lOO 384 395 384
10 Metropolitan 3 d
Stock Midland lOO 1035 1034 1034
Stock Do. Birming. & Derby. 100 76 78
50 511 d. Gt. West. (Ireland) all
25 Do. 1 Shares all
100 Newcastle and Carlisle all
25 New., Aber., &Herefd all 115 125
10 Newry & Armagh (def.) 9
20 Newry, Warpt., & Ros all
;took Norfolk lOO 65 67
50 North. Counties Union 35 35 3di
tock North British lOO 59 605 61
tock Nor.Dev.Rail.&Dk. Stk lOO
took DO.A Stk.— Arec. no div
until 6p,c.hasbeenpdß 100
tock Do. B Stock lOO
tock North-Eastn.—Berwick -100 94 344 944
25 Do. do. G.N.E.Purchase 1613 4 1 I d
took Do. Leeds lOO 4 484
took Do. York lOO 77 774 771
tock North London lOO 102 101
10 N. &S.Westn., Hampstd
and City Junction £3 Is.
20 North Staffordshire 174 44 4 d
20 North-Western
10 No. & Sou. W. Junction all 74 84
Lock Oxford, Wor.,& Wolver lOO 30 32
10 Peebles all
20 Portsmouth l9 7 5 d
10 Rhymney lO
`ock Scottish Central lOO 111 113
:ock South. N. E., Aber. Stock 100 28 281
oek Do. Scottish Mid. Stock 100 84 86
ock Shropshire Union lOO 45 47
10 Sittingbourne & Sheer, all 4 2 d
,ock South Devon lOO 37 39 37
ock South-Eastern lOO 744 755
ock South Wales
10 SouthYorks.&Riv.Dun all 13 15
10 Do. do lB
10 Staines, Wok., & Wok all 9 11
15 Stockton & Darlington all 33 34 305
15 Do. do. 1854 224
:5 Do. do. 1855 7
Stockton & Hartlepool 16}
ock Taff Vale lOO
ock Do. Preference, No. 1
5 Thame&HavenDk&Rail 22
ock Vale of Neath lOO 90 95 93
ock Waterford & Kilkenny 100 —--
O Waterford & Limerick all
O West Cornwall
O W-end Lon. & Cry. Pal all
5 Do.A.—Arecv.nodiv.till
7 p.c. has been pd. to It all 3
5 Do. B all 61
D West London all
Do. Ist Class all
D Do. 2d Class -

1411
1134
Stock

11.6.3 ,
11.6.3
Stock
Stock
124
Stock

Stock

Stock
Stock

Stock

Stock
Stock
Stock

Stock
Stock
25
Stock
Stock
Stock

Stock

Stock'
Stock
S took
Stock
10
Stock
S 4ock
Stock

Stock
Stock
25
Stock
Stock

PREFERENI

Share! Railways.

25 Blythe and Tyne 1, per
c. pref. (issued at £5O)
IStk Bris. & Exet.4p.ct.Stock
20 Do. do. do. Shares
took Caledon XlO, 44 per cent
12.10 Do. Quar. Shares, No. 2.
Stock Chester & Holyhd, 54 pc
Stock Do. do. 5 p. et.
6lk Cork & Bandon, 54 p. c.
6 Dun. Perth.& Aber.Jun.
Stoc E.Angn. Class A 7 & spc
Stock Do. do. Class B 6 pc
Stock Do. do. Class C 7 pc
ock.
Stock E. Coun. Ex. 5 pet. No.l
Stock Do. do. N 0.2
Stock De. New 6 per ct. Stock
Stock Eastern Union, 4 per ct
SZ East Law, 6 per ct
5 E.& W. York. Jcn. fifths
Stock Edin.&Glas. 5 pc shares
Stock Edin.Perth,&lDun. 4 pc.
Stock Furness, 5 per cent
Stock Glas. &S West.; a. spc
Stock Great Northern, 5 p. ct
Stock Do. 5 pc Redm..lop.6.pm
Stock Do. 44 p. c. do. do.
100 Do.sp.c. R edm.,s pc. pm
10 Gt. Nh. of Scotld, Ist pf
5 Gt. Sn.& W (Ireland) 4
1 p. ct. pref. Stock
Great West. (Berke and
Hants) Ext. 5 p.ct.
Do. Redeemable, 44 pet
Do. Redeemable, 4 p. ct
Do. Irredeemable, do
Do. sp. ot. Redeem. Pref
Do. Birm. Pref. Shares
Gt. West. Ches. 8 p.c.pf
shares
Do. do. 5 p. et. pref
Do Birming. guar. stock
Co. Chester guar. shares
Do. do. do
Do. do. do.
Lan. & York 6 p.c. stock
Lon.&Brig.spc. gu. No.l
Do. pref., 5 p. c. ...No. 2
Do. New gua., 6 p. et
Do. do. 5 p. c. No. 4
Lon. & N. W.Cov. &Nu n-
eaton, 5 p. ct.
Lon.&S. W, 7 p.ct. stock,
I ate 3d shares
Londondy & Cole, 4 shs
Londondy.& Ennis 4 sh
Man.,Sh., & Lin., 6p. et
Do. £6
Do. 31 per cent.
Maryport & Car., 4 p.c.
Do. 4 per cent ..

Stock
50

:ARSE.

Paid. I Clos
price ing.

all
1100
6

Stockl
Stock
Stock
Stock

100
100
100
100
all

took

Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock,

Stock]

StoCkl

Stock
12}

Stock
Steck
Stock

Stockl

Do.
Mid. Con. 6 p. c. Stock
Do. Con. Bri s. & r. 6 p.ct
Do. 45 p. c. pref. stock
Do. with option till 1860
Do. Leic. & Hit.pref. st.
Newport,Aber,&c. pref.s
p. c. redeem, at 5 p. c. pm
Do. Perpet, .6 p. c. with
option till 1866
Norfolk Deb. 4 p.c. shares
Do. 5 p. c. Ext.Stock,lB46
Do. 5 p. c. Pref. do. 1847
Do. Wa v. Val. Ex. Sk 1847
North British, 5 per cent
Do. New, gua. 5 per cent
Nth.Dev.ll ail.& Dsk.Co.
N-East. irred. 4 p.c. Deb.
Do. Berwick, 4 p. c. Pref.
Do. do. do.
Do. Leeds, 6 p. c. No. 1
Do. do. Quarters, 1846
80. York, H. & S. Purch
North Staffordshire
Ox. wr. & Wol. 6 pc. Ist
Do. do. do., 2d gua
Do. 45 p.c. Db. stk.in perp
Scottish Central, new pi
Scottish N.-Eastern deb
Do. 35 pert. pref. stock
Do. Aberdeen. gua. 6 pc.
Do. 7 p. c. pref. stock.
South Devon, Ann. 10s.
Do. Fixed 44 percent.
South Eastern (Reading
Ann.. 1.0.6.)
Do .41 per cent
Do. Fixed 45 p.c. Ist
Do. New do., 2d issue.
South Wales, gua. 4 p.c.
Do. 41 per cent
S.-Yorkshire, 4 p.c. gua
Stockton and Dar. 5 p.e
Do. 6 per cent
(Waterford & Kilkenny,
6 per cent.

all
all
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
8.13.4.

Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock
Stock

Business
Done.

L I

RR

'raid, Closing I Busin,ss
Price. Done.

10 Antwerp & Rotterdam 'all 5 5}
- 20 Ardennes all p
20 Bah.&S.Fran.',Lim.7p.c 3 it d 1P 3
5 Belgian East. Junction all 1 1}
20 Beaters to Graissessae all --
5 iCarmeaux Hine & Rail all 2 2f
20 Dutch Rhenish
6 Eastern of France
20 Euphrates Valley 2s. p
20 Great Central of France all
20 Gt. Luxem., Con. she Ol 74 73
10 Italian Junction .. ..!• ' 8
20 Lake Constance & 'Bale all
20 Lierre and Turnhout all
20 Lombardo Venetian 8 44 43 p
20 Lucca & Pistoja, 5 p.c.pf all
20 Lyons and Genera .... all 24 25
331 Maria Antonia all
20 Do. do. New
20 Namur and Liege all 911 Pf
20 Do. do. 6p. c. Pref. all 21 22
16 Northern of France
20 Do. New Shares
10 Norwegian Trunk Pref all 81 91
20 Ottoman, gua. 6 per cent 7 3 Ifl
20 Paria,Lyons, and Medit. all 351 353
20 Paris and Orleans
20 1 9 Recife& S. Fran. (fern.) 1 id
sP
gua. 7 p. et. (Lim.)
20 Riot. and Dunaburg- 4 -
10 Rome and Frascati
20 Royal Danish all
• 5 Royal Swedish
4 Do. 7 per cent. Pref.
20 'Sambre and Meuse all 71 8
10 Do. 51 per cent. Pref..., all 9 9.
20 Southern of France
83 West Flanders all 5 6L
10 Do. 51 p. c. Pre:erence
20 W. & N.W. of France all 23. 24
20 Western of Austria 6
20 Western of Switzerland all
6 Wiesbaden
6 Do 8 per cent. Pref all
20 Zealand all
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
Closing Business
Share' Railways. ll'aid. nice..
MOHO.
100 Atlantic &St Lawrencl I all
Leased at 6 per cent..
18 Bont,Baroda &Ceutlnd: 9 par } p
gu. 5 percent
18 Do all
18 Do. Addit. Capital A 6 par iri
18 Do. Do. • 41, par )p
201 Buffalo and Lake Huron all 51 61
20,1 Do. New l6l 'l5 14 d
100 c Buffalo.Brant&GcJrich 1 100 78 82
( 6 Aug., 1872
100 Dop. do. 1 July, 1873 100 75 78
14 , Do. do. 1 June, 1874 100 73 76 74
20 Clcutta.&S.Eastrn.lim. ".. 3.0. 1 1 P
29 Cape,Eastn. Prov.(Lim.) 2s.
20 Cape Town & Dock Scrip 2s. Pm
20 Central Dude (Lim' :.eO"5. 641- --
20 Ceylon Guaranteed 6p.c 2 1 14P
171 Demerara
20 Eastern Bengal.gu.‘;p.c 5
.4, . ik ,„°, .
lock East Indian, gu. sp. c lOO -1- -..- 10,1 A"2 a
20 Do. C Shares all -
20 Do. - E Shares Ext lO —P
20 Do. Jubbulpore 5
100 n 0.41 p.c. Bds. pay.'s9 all -
20 Geelong& Mel.grua.s 1). c. all 17 18
Sto j Geelong Corporation 6 1 100
j per cent. Ilords
Stock Grand Trunk of Canada 100 36 37 365-
100 Do. 6 p.c. Deben.,pay.'7B all 76 78
100 Do. 6 per cent. Pref lOO 91 92
20 Gt. In diare nin. gua.sp. c all 211 21
20 Do. New, gua.s per cent 4 I P
20 Do. do . 4 p
20 r Gt.S.of Ind.Lim.—Scrip ) 2s.
guaranteed 5 per cent. ) •
201 Gt.W. of Canada Shares all 16f 163 16} 1
201 Do. New
100 Do. Bonds pay. '76,with all 106 108
( ept till '6O
100 Do. do. '73 till '6O all 106 108
100 Do. do. '%3 without opt all .05 107
100 Do. 51 p. c. do. '77 do
20 Madras, guar., 4/ p. c all 181 19
20 Do. do. 5 per cent all 201 2C, .20f
20 Do. 43 p. c. Extension l5 f'fd fd
20 Do. Third Ex. gua.s.p.c lO ' 4 3
P
20 Do. Fourth do.
Lock Melb. Corp. 6 p.c. Bond_ 100
20 i Newßrunswick&Canda. '
Ry.&Lzud(Litndg.6pc 10 2 lid
Class ACapitl.saare
Do. slo. Land do ..
20 Do. do. B. Capital do llO 4 3d
.. Do. do. Land do 1 .
r Northoflndia Tramroad t 2s.
20 t Limited, Scrip j . _
20 Oude (Limited)
20 Scinde
20 Do.
all 211 22}
20 Do. New 4 5 ill 3 p
20 Do. Punjaub
20 Do. Indus. St. Flo be a' 5 par } p
20 St. Andrews & Quebec A. lB
10 Trinidad(Limited) Scrip 1 , par 3p

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 29, 1858,

it is not enough to look only "onwards," but that
the traveller to whatever goal of earthly labours
should also look " upwards." There is sufficient
;n the book to engage the attention agreeably and
profitably, and it is therefore a welcome addition
to the fictions of the day, and has every chance of
meeting with the same success that attended the
author's previous productions.

A Dictionary of Political Economy. By H. Dun-
ning Macleod, Esq., of the Inner Temple. Part
1. Longman. •
This is the first part of a very remarkable and
valuable work—one which has no competitor in
our language, though it treats of a subject which
is calculated to excite the interest and develope the
faculties of the profoundest thinkers and most cul-
tivated Minds. Political Economy is a science which,
in its wide ramifications, involves so many vital
questions ofn ation al prosperity,an d affects indirectly
the happiness of so many millions, that it should
be a subject of congratulation to the public when a
work of this character makes its appearance in the
literary world, with the avowed object of collecting
and classifying all existing information on the sub-
ject. A work of a similar nature, we are told, has
been brought out in Paris, the production of thirty-
eight of the most eminent Politico-Economists of
Trance, but none such exists in the English language.
This omission is the more remarkable when we call
to mind the many eminent names which rank
among the list of our countrymen which have
distinguished themselves iu this science, one which
from its peculiar character seems particularly
adapted to the English taste and intellect. The
following programme of the work explains its
object and design in a clear and intelligible manner.
" It will contain—Biographical notices of all persons who
have contributed to advance the science, according to their
relative importance, with a list of their works. Original
articles on each branch of the subject, exhibiting, where
necessary, full and accurate detail, of business • and the
views of all preceding writers of eminence will be brought
together and Critically examined. An analysis of all the
principal works on the subject, exhibiting the distinguish-
mg features of the opinions and system of each writer. A
critical examination of each work, indicating how far it has
advanced, and the permanent truths it has added to, the
science ; in what points it is defective, and what it has left
to be done by succeeding writers. Much valuable infor-
mation, many germs of impOrtant theories, several of the
chief doctrines, and many of the ()Anions of eminent per-
sons, in political economy, are only to be found in
.pamph-
lets and other fugitive writings. A distinguishing fea-
ture of this work will be, that copious and literal extracts
will be given from such pamphlets, etc., containing all such
facts, opinions, and doctrines as are of permanent value.
It will be preceded by a Preliminary Dissertation, contain-
ing a narrative of the rise and progress of the science from
the earliest times, being a complete history of ideas on the
subject up to the latest form it has assumed. It will thus
bring together a greater body of information on the subject
than is contained in any other work, and it is hoped that it
will greatly facilitate the labours of all future writers and
others interested in the science. It will be published in
parts of ninety-six pages each, royal octavo, double
column's. Price 4s. each part. It is expected to be com-
pleted in 15 parts, in the course of two years. The follow-
mg parts will appear as speedily as can be done, with due
regard to the efficiency of the work."

One of the most prominent of the articles in this
part is the one headed " Axioms and Definitions"
which treats largely of the nature of the science.
The following paragraph exemplifies the lucid
style in which this difficult question is treated—

"With respect to the conception of the science itself, we
have shown the advantage obtained by framing such a de-
finition of it, as shall be free from the objection which Mr.
Mill has justly brought forward against the ones in com-
mon use. By treating it as the science which treats of the
laws which regulate the exchangeable relations of quanti-
ties, we obviate the objections which have been justly urged
against considering it as the science which treats of the
production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. For
it at once draws a sharp and distinct line between an agri-
cultural product, and the art and science of agriculture,
between any commercial product, and the art and process
of producing it, and in general between any actual pro-
ducts, and their exchangeable relations, and the seve-
ral processes by which they are obtained. Thus
we have a clear and distinct test of what the
pure science of political economy includes, and what
is to be considered beyond its limits. Because
whatever causes an increase or diminution of the number of
products, or varies their exchangeable relations, is a ques-
tion of pure political economy, the method or process of
obtaining such products is a branch of the arts of com-
merce. Thus the causes which induce a greater or a
diminished quantity of corn to be produced, and influence
its price when produced, is a question of pure political
economy, the improved modes of cultivation are part of the
art and science of agriculture. But the question of found-
ling hospitals, and the influences they exert in increasing
or diminishing the number of foundlings, is a question of
pure political economy. So ragged schools and reforma-
tories, so long as they are considered with reference to the
improvement or deterioration of the inmates of them, come
under the denomination of morals, but if we consider their
effects in increasing or diminishing the number of criminals,
that is a question of political economy, and so on."

The concluding passage of the same article is
well worthy of perusal

"We must now reluCtantly bring these remarks to a
close. We have only selected a few prominent instances of
the important effects of accurate notions, and not exhausted
them. The considerations we have suggested would require
a vohune for their proper development, and duly treated
would touch the foundations of all science. For somewhat
fuller details we must refer to the Preliminary Discourse,
and to each separate leading term in the subject. We shall
have done some little good, if we call attention to the causes
of the very incomplete state of political economy at the pre-
sent time, and show that this is net due to anything in the
science itself, but to the method in which it has been
treated. There is but one possible mode of succeeding—
namely, to follow the brilliant example set by physicists.
Almost all erroneous doctrine springs from erroneous defini-
tion. The only way to remove these idola, fallacies, or
misconceptions, is to form true definitions and axioms by
genuine induction. The most eminent physicists thought
no time lost, which was necessary to settle these elements,
but economists are apt to despise such things, and the con-
sequence is, instead of the opinions of writers at the present
day tending to uniformity, they are becoming more and
more divergent every day. Theory and Practice must be
brought into harmony with each other. But, to elaborate
a just theory from the facts, certain qualifications are abso-
lutely indispensable :-1. A general knowledge of the mode
of argument in experimental science, and a constant vigi-
lance to see that the arguments in political economy are in
strict conformity to the standards of reasoning in natural
philosophy. 2. A technical knowledge of the law of instru-
ments of credit, and some other things. 3. A technical
knowledge of the mechanism of commerce and agriculture.
Without these indispensable qualifications, it is a perilous
task for any man to venture upon the troubled waters of
political economy.
" Nave senza nocchiero in gran tempests."

When Galileo began to study natural philosophy, he put
aside mathematics, never dreaming that there could be any
connection between the two; a sentiment,tootthat appears
in Bacon. Galileo very soon found out his mistake. Many
persons at the present. day may think that there is no con-
nection between political economy and natural philosophy.
They are in just as great error as Galileo was. Political
economy is a science of causes and effects produced by the
properties of men, and its types and standards of reasoning
are to be found in the science which treats of the causes
and effects produced by the properties of matter. In both
equally, the inductive logic reigns supreme. The same
general method of investigation is common to each. And
there is the same hope and encouragement to expect futura
success,-that tlui Athenian orator gave to his countrymen,
because their failure arose—not from the nature of the en-
terprise, but from their own errors. So it is with political
economy. The unsatisfactory state in which it is at pre-
sent does not arise from the nature of the thing itself, but
from its method of treatment. When economists pay the

Onwards. By the author of " Anne Dysart,"
" Rosa Grey," &c. 3 vols. Hurst and Blackett.
This story possesses the same merits which
have rendered the former works of this author
favourites. Without belonging to the first-
class of novels, they attract by their sim-
plicity and unaffeected earnestness. The present
story is a very interesting one on the whole, it
relates the adventures that befel two young
people in their arduous endeavours to make
an onward progress. There is sufficient dif-
ference marked in the characters of James
Carver and Honor Sky, to impress the mind of
the reader with the contrast. Both were very
clever children, and far in advance of all
their companions ; but the feeling of conscious
superiority animated them very differently.
While James only thought how he could rise and
trample down under foot all who opposed him, how
when rich himself he should repay with interest
the taunts with which he had been assailed when
poor, The gentle Honor dwelt alone on the power
to do good with which her talents endued her, and
she ever sought to rendcrherself more competent to
impart to others that instruction for which she had
so often sighed in vain in the days of childhood,
and which, when she at last gained she prized and
loved as a rich benefit and a great blessing. The
record of her career as a scholar and a teacher is
full of a quiet interest, and the details are
all naturally given. Some of the persons
who appear on the scene, are very well sketched.
Mr. Mauleverer, for instance, with his pompous
plausibility and self-sufficiency, is a decided suc-
cess. Mr. St. John is a very different character,
but a far more pleasing one. He was peculiarly
adapted to the profession he had -chosen, with
his quick perception of talent, and his ready
appreciation of worth, he was indeed an invaluable
friend to the poor and needy, and a benefactor to
the young aspirant. He was the first to recognise
the abilities of tho two children, and he at the same
time admired the varying qualities of each. The
passages which relate the engagement between
James and Honor are excitingly narrated, and
the heroine acts in a manner becoming her early
promise of excellence. There is another source of
interest in the fortunes of Frank and Mary Austen,
and the episode of Mary's brother, William Hurst,
is an agreeable diversion to the incidents of a
school life, and the simple details of Honors's
humble friends. The moral of the story is con-
veyed in the fact of James Carver's ambitious
schemes at last passing beyond the restraints of
rectitude, and he being compelled to leave the
country for ever, only saved from an ignominious
fate by the interposition of Honor with his
betrayed friends. She is left peaceful, if not happy
in the faithful discharge of her duties, which she
truly thinks are worthy objects to which to
dedicate her life, and she reflects that to succeed