The Sun.
London, England, 1867-06-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 25, 1867.

------
Sheffield Trades' Union COMMiSSiOD.

SIXTEENTH DAY (MONDAY).
The first witness this morning was Dennis, alias
Tucker Clark, who was examined several days ago,
and who since then admitted that he had committed
perjury. He now confessed that Broadhead gave
him a quantity of powder to blow up Hellewell
with ; that he sold a portion of it to Simmonite, and
the remainder he and Shaw put into Hellewell's
trough. He was paid £3 by Broadhead for that
affair. He also confessed that he had been impli-
cated in two or three cases of rattening, the " ticket"
for which bad been given by Broadhead.
Henry Skidmore, Saw-makers' Society president,
was the next witness, and he came up by his own
request. He admitted that after Fearnehough was
blown up he gave Broadhead £15.,--£7 lOs. on
account of his own society, and lOs. for the
handle-makers--for getting it done ; but he denied
that he knew the outrage was to be committed until
after it was done. The first interview he had with
Broadhead about it was two or three months before
the outrage. He was then accompanied by Joseph
Barker, secretary of the Saw-handle-makers'
Union. Fearnehough was at that time working
for Messrs. Slack, Sellars, and Co., and in conse-
quence their grinders, saw-makers, and handle-
makers were out of employ. He and Barker asked
Broadhead if something could not be done to pre-
vent Fearnehough from working, such as removing
his bands and nuts. Broadhead said he would see
what could be done. At that time witness was un-
aware that Fearnehough was to be blown up. He
expected that he would be simply rattened. He
(witness) had given instructions as president of the
Saw-makers' Society for men to be rattened when
they were in arrears, or did not adhere to the rules.
In his society no men had received personal injury
or had been attempted to be blown up within the
last ten years. On the Wednesday, two days
after Fearnehough was blown up, he and Barker
paid a visit to Broadhead. They told him that
- it (the blowing up) was a bad affair, and that
if they had known he was going to do that
they should have had nothing to do with it. Broad-
head replied, " Well, it's done ;" and witness said
" Yee, and cant't be undone." He then asked what
would be the expense, and Broadhead replied, "£7
19s. each." Witness said he did not know how he
should get the money, and that be must see the
secretary of his Union, Thomas Smith; about it.
On the following day he went to Smith and said,
" This is a shocking affair," and Smith replied, " It
is." He then said, " It will cost a good deal ;" and
he asked Smith for .£7 10s. to clear him. Smith,
however, refused to pay the money, and said that
as Skidmore, Broadhead, and Barker had taken it
upon themselves they must get out of it as best they
could. A day or two afterwards Smith told Barker
that he must pay the whole of the money, as the
Saw-handle-makers' Society was in debt to the saw-
makers. The next night Barker brought the whole
£l5- to Broadhead's house. Witness was present
and Barker gave the money in a piece of paper, at
the same time askinghim how it was to be conveyed
to Broadhead. Barker seemed to be of opinion that
it ought to be left somewhere, and Broadhead in-
formed of it, but witness said, " Oh, no ; let me
have it, and I will give it to him." He then called
Broadhead on one side and said, " Here's the
money ; you know what it is." Witness was exa-
mined at some length with reference to whether he
was aware at the first interview with Broadhead
that-Fearnehough was to be blown up ; but he de-
nied that he was aware that any personal injury
was intended. All the instructions he gave to
Broadhead were that Fearnehough was to be rat-
tenened, and no one was more surprised than he
was when he heard that Fearnehough was blown up.
He admitted that he presided at the meeting of his
society when the following resolution was passed :
" That this society views with feelings of indigna-
tion and abhorrence the foul and dastardly outrage
committed in New Hereford-street on the Bth." He
admitted also that as president of the society he
put the resolution to the meeting, and that Thomas
Smith entered it. (This admission was received
with laughter.) He explained that his reason for
going to Broadhead that he only wanted Fearne-
hough to be rattened was because Broadhead
knew more about rattening than he did. Just before
witness was leaving the chair he desired to state
that several months ago he and B tiler hired a
man to ratten Messrs. Slack, Sellers, and Co., be-
cause they were employing saw handle makers not
connected with the trade. The grinders at the same
place were at the time in arrears, and consequently
the rattening was a joint affair between the two

Unions.
Thomas Smith, saw smith, who said he had been
secretary to the Sawmakers' Society since April,
1866, said the Hereford-street outrage was done
without his knowledge. He did not know Fearne-
hough until he saw him in court the other day. He
never spoke to Broadhead about the Hereford-street
outrage. Witness proceeded—Shortly after the
outrage Skidmore came to me and said, "Now we
are in a mess." I asked the nature of the mess,
and
he said it was about the Hereford-street blow up.
He said it was a bad job, and asked me for some
money for it. I said, " You have got yourself into
the mess ; I have nothing to do with it, and I will
not find you a penny." I told him he must go to
Joseph Barker. I had had nothing to do with it,
and should decline to have. I referred him to Joseph
Barker, because be had told me that Barker had
seen Broadhead along with himself. I thought from
this they were implicated in the blowing up; but
they satisfied me that they had gone to Broadhead
only about rolling up Fearnehough's bands. The
amount Skidmore asked was £7 lOs. Barker owed
the Sawmakers' Society £l7 or £lB, and would, of
course, deduct the amount he paid toSkidmore from
that sum. Barker did, in fact, charge the sawmakers'
trade with the £7 lOs.
Mr. Chance—So that in reality the money was
paid by your society ?—Yes.
Where is the account for £7 10s. Barker sent to
you?—l cannot find it ; I have destroyed it.
Have you no entry of it in your books ?—Yes,
but I am sorry to say it has disappeared.
Have you torn it out then?—Yes, it has gone some
way or other; I suppose I must have. (Laughter.)
Then, in fact, you have torn it out ?—Yes.
Did you tear out the page to screen your own
doings?—No, Sir ; it was very foolish of me to tear
it out, and I am very sorry.
Now did you not tear it out after this Commission
was appointed?—No.
Was this entered as expenses of the Hereford-
street outrage ?—No. I should not be so foolish.
(Laughter.) I entered it as expenses paid by Mr.
Barker. The auditors inquired what the expenses
were. I said they were expenses paid by Mr. Barker.
They did not require any vouchers ; they took my
word.
Is that the only security your members have
from their auditors of the proper application of their
money?—Yes. The auditors had confidence in my
honesty. I tore out the entry because it was done
with. Along with this entry were the entries of
nine months. Among them was a
£2 nother entry of
lOs. paid by Barker for the rattening of Mr.
Peace's wheel at Heeley, and charged to our society.
Witness caused some amusement by the emphatic
way in which he persisted in saying he did not tear
out the leaves for the purpose of concealing the
illegal entries.
Mr. Overcnd solemnly cautioned the witness that
lie would not get a certificate of indemnity unless
he told the whole truth. Witness persisted in deny-
ing that he had torn out the leaves for concealment.
He admitted that when Skidmore applied for the
£7 10s. he told him that it was to pay for blowing
rip Fearnehough.
Mr. Overeud—Then, why did you give him an
order on Barker to get the money ?—Witness—l
am very sorry I did. I had had nothing to do with
it myself. I knew the money was paid when the
I
trade passed the resolution expressing indignation
at the outrage. He dared not divulge the matter,
because he should have implicated Skidmore and
Barker, who, he believed, were innocent of desiring
the outrage, and because his life would have been in
danger, and he did not want to leave " Old Eng-
land." (Great laughter.) Barker paid £7 10s. for
his own.
- •

ders' Union, adispute with which led to the notorious
Acorn-street murder, was the next witness. He
produced the books of the society, admitting, how-
ever, that nearly half the leaves of the cash-book
had been torn out. He proceeded—l tore them out
in January or February last. No other book has
been mutilated, and none have been destroyed.
The cash-book contains one false entry—" On
January 14, 1862, received of Mrs. Kenworthy
£3O 15s. 3d." The sum received was £24 15s. 3d.
I made the entry myself. The book containing the
false entry is an exact copy of the entries torn out
of the mutilated book except-the Kenworthy item.
Tell me your reason for tearing out the leaves ?
—Yes. I entered the exact sum of £24 15s. 3d.
in the mutilated book, and it did not correspond
with the book of K ,nwerthy, the former secretary
of the union. I ought to have received from Ken-
worthy £3O 15s. 3d., and his wife paid me only
£24155. 3d. The castings are wrong. The £6
was not accounted for in Kenworthy's book, and I
accounted for it in the re-copying. I copied nearly
100 pages in order to correct this mistake.
What was your object in this ? I wanted to make
it correspond with the other books.
Why 2-1 knew that £6 had been paid by Ken-
worthy to me. He gave it to me to pay to William
Baylis in November, 1861.
What did you pay it for ? —He was was ill at the
time he gave me the £6 to pay Baylis, but he did
not say what it was for. The payment does not
appear in the books.
If it was his duty to pay that money, why did
you take all this trouble to correct this entry ?—To
make the books correct.
Is William Baylis alive ?—No, he was killed. I
paid the money to Baylis at a meeting of the trade,
but made no entry because I was not then secre-
tary. It occurred to me to correct the books in
February last, when this commission was appointed.
I thought then it would make our case better. I
do not think so now. Kenworthy died early in
1862. I -burned die leaves I tore out of the old cash
book.
Then you were afraid of our seeing the original
entries ?—Yes.
Why ?—Because I thought you could find out the
wrong entry.
What did yon think we should infer from that?
—That the £6 had been paid in a way there was
no explanation of. I did not consult anybody as to
the propriety of mutilating one book and making a
false entry in the other. I never mentioned this
until a few weeks ago I told James Corbidge, who
works with me at Chantrey works. I told him 1
remembered Kenworthy giving me the £6 to pay to
Baylis the first night I officiated for him as secretary.
What happened before this ?—The Acorn-street
murder happened immediately after this. I paid this
£6 to Kenworthy on the 12th November, and the
Acorn-street murder occurred on the 23d Novem-
ber. Kenworthy never told me what the money
was paid to Baylis for.
Was it because you believed the £6 was paid to
Baylis for this murder you altered the books ?—No.
Did you think we should infer that was so ?—No.
But you did think it was singular you should at
that particular time have been asked to pay this
money to Baylis?—Yes. Baylis was a fender-
grinder. I did not know he had been employed to
do any outrage. I knew a fender-grinder named
Sibray. He worked for Mr. Mole at the time of
the dispute between bim and the Union, which re-
sulted in the Acorn-street murder. Sibray was
attacked and beaten. Ido not remember that Bay-
lis was proved to have done this.
Don't you know that this was proved on the trial
of Thompson for that murder ?—I do not remember
it. I never told the committee of the Union I had
tampered with the books.
Mr. Overend put into the hands of witness the
cash-book for Nov., 1861, pointing out that two
leaves were cut out. Who cut them out ?—I do
not know. I did not. I never noticed it before.
What, when you had been at all this trouble to
alter the other book, did you not reftoer the same
date of this other book ?—No. The last entry in
this book before the leaves are torn out is on the
sth of November. My writing begins in Jauary,
1862. The leaves cut out cover the very perniod of
this murder.
Can you at all explain how it was these leaves
were cut out?--No, I cannot ; the book has been '1
in my possession ever since Kenworthy ceased to I
be secretary, and though my entries begin from
the place where the leaves are torn out, I never
noticed their absence.
Do you know " Slipper Jack ?"—I believe I do.
I do not know his name or where he lives.
Don't you know that his name is John Aldham ?
—No. There is no member of our Union of that
name. I have seen " Slipper Jack" at the Napoleon
Inn, Green-lane. I never saw him with Wast-
nidge, the man who was blown up when the Acorn-
street murder occurred. 1 did not know Wastnidge.
I have seen him in company of Thompson, who was
tried for the murder.
From the entries you found in the book you
mutilated did you not think we might suspect Ken-
worthy of paying for the Acorn-street murder'—
yes,—(Sensation.)
Was not thatthereason youcleterrnined to destroy
the book ?—(Af ter some hesitation)—It was.
Can you give us any clue whatever to the dis-
covery of the Acorn -street murder ?—No. I have no
ground to suspect any particular person of commit-
ting the murder. I have found no entry in the books
to give me any such clue. I never heard until this
morning that " Slipper Jack" was suspected of the
murder. The £6 paid to Baylis was a larger sum
than it was usual to pay to any member of the trade.
Kenworthy never spoketo me of Wastnidge's viola-
tion of the Union rules. The offence of Wastnidge
was that he wentto work for Mr. H. E. Hoole when
the Union men had struck. Mr. Iloole's men
struck without the sanction of the Union, and the
Union required them to go .back. They tendered
their services to Mr. Hoole accordingly, but
he refused to receive them back, and Wastnidge
came from Masborough to work for Mr. Mole in
the place of the Union men. It never occurred to
me when I took the books that the £6 paid to Baylis
was paid for the murder. I never inquired about it,
and do not know now why it was paid.
Mr. Sugg, who appeared for the Defence Com-
mittee, said Mr. Overend prosecuted in the case of
Thompson, and he, as the successor of Mr. Broad-
bent, had the briefs for the defence. lle would look
into the matter.
Examination continued—Baylis was not receiving
scale at the time of the Acorn-street murder, and
had paid his contributions regularly. This made it
the more remarkable that Kenworthy should be pay-
ing him £6. I wondered at the time whether it was
paid in connection with the murder, but I never in-
quired, and never knew. I have known of no rat-
tening in our trade. We do not force our members
to pay their subscriptions. If they do not pay they
simply cease to be members. Except in connection
with the dispute which led to the outrage in Acorn-
street, I never knew of any person in our trade
being injured for acting in opposition to the Union.
Mr. Overend expressed his surprise that under the
circumstances witness had not inquired into the
reasons for the payment of this sum of £6.
Joseph. Barker, secretary of the Saw Handle-
makers' Union, said—l knew something was to be
done to Fearnehough before the Hereford-street
outrage. Two months before I and Skidmore saw
Broadhead, told him Fearnehough was injuring our
trade by doing work for Slack, Sellars, and Grayson,
and asked if something could not be done. Broad-
head said he didn't know. We rejoined that as he
was doing us great injury we should not mind the
expense if his bands and nuts could be taken. Broad-
head said Fearnehough was an outlaw, and therefore
obnoxious to the Saw Grinders' Union. We have
been in thehabit of rattening, but have done it through
the saw grinders. Not hearing that the bands and
nuts of Fearnehough had been taken, we went again
to Broadhead. He said the thing was in progress,
but it was difficult to do. I knew that Fearnehough
was working at Butcher's wheel, but thought he
could be rattened even there. At any rate, I knew
if anybody could rattcn Fearnehough, Broadhead
was the man to do it. (Laughter.)
Did not you know it was impossible 2—No ; I
thought if I had had grinders working at Butcher's
wheel I could have got him rattened even there.

The next thing I knew was from a newspaper
placard announcing the Hereford-street outrage. I
immediately suspected Broadhead was at the bottom
of it, and I was afraid I might get into trouble
about the matter. Next day I told Skidmore we
had better go to Broadhead. We went the same
evening. I said to Broadhead, " This is a rum
1 affair." He smiled. I said, "We never engaged
for anything of this kind." He said nothing, and
we were so confused and frightened I do not re-
member what else took place. I only remember
that Broadhead said, "We should have £7 to £lO
each to pay." We paid it. We afterwards paid the
money. We said nothing at this time about what
he was to have for himself, but when we waited upon
him about the rattening we told him that he must
pay himself for getting it done. He had often
rattened for us bekrc, and it was usual for him to
charge for his own services. IN hen I knew that
this inquiry was about to take place I expected I
should be closely questioned, and I erased the fol-
lowing item from my cash-book--" £7 10s. scale
due ;" but as I could not find a better way of stat-
ing the fact I repeated the entry. That will account
for the erasure in my book. That was the money I
paid to Broadhead on account of the Sawmakors'
Union. The £7 103. I paid for our own Union
is not entered. That money I obtained, £4 by
the sale of saw handles, and £3 10s. I paid out
of my own pocket and recouped myself by falsi-
fying the accounts. At the first interview I had
with Broadhead I protested against the outrage,
and at our indignation meeting I characterised it as a
"fiendish, devilish, abominable" occurrence. I how-
ever paid Broadhead for getting it done, as I thought
that was the best course I could pursue. (Laugh-
ter.) I have produced all my books save the cash-
book—that I destroyed last June. There was
nothing in it that needed concealing. I destroyed
it because my predecessors in office had destroyed
their cashbooks.
Witness expressed his willingness to detail all the
cases of rattening that had come within his know-
ledge ; but the Court thought it was unnecessary to
go into them. He pledged his word that he had not
been concerned in any other outrage but the one in
Hereford-street, and he had never written any
threatening letters.
Joseph Hoyle, secretary to the Jobbing Grinders'
Union, said—Rattening is practised in my trade,
but not to any great extent. In 1862 Broadhead
arranged with me to do something at Messrs.
Holdsworth's works, as his men and our men
working there were not paying up their contribu-
tions. It was agreed that the nuts and bands should
be rattened. Shortly after Messrs. Holdsworths
were blown up Broadhead came to me for £6, our
share of the expenses. I told him I had not bar-
gained for a blowing up; he said it would work well
for us. I obtained the money from our committee,
and paid it to Broadhead. When I first acquainted
the committee they did not want to pay the money,
but I told them they would have to pay it, and keep
the matter quiet. After the money was paid we
withdrew from the Amalgamated Union, and ceased
our connection with Broadhead. Two or three years
however elapsed before we did so. (Laughter.) I
have not known of any other outrages in connection
with our trade. The rattening cases with which
the witness was acquainted were not inquired into.
tre. regularly
He
ular kept.his
produced
He was not aware that the scythe-grinders bad ever
bbeoeonkst,harneadtetnheedy
b),
appearedhisown trade.
to be
The Court then adjourned until this • morning.

Foreign Intelligence.

A letter from Rome, dated June 12, says :—The
arrivals for the feste of this month numbered five
Italian, one French, one Spanish, and one Belgian
cardinals—eight in all. _ . .

Three patriarchs—one Latin (from Jerusalem),
one Maronite, and one Greek.
Twenty-one archbishops—two Mexican, one
French, one Prussian, one English, one Spanish,
two Italian, and thirteen Oriental.
Fifty-eight bishops—four English, six French,
seventy-five Italian, one Belgian, two Spanish, and
the others Oriental.
So that there are already, reckoning those who
habitually reside here, some hundred and fifty
members of the Sacred College and episcopate ;
150 to 200 more are expected. All come accom-
panied by several priests, and, in many instances,
by some of the faithful of their dioceses. The
Oriental bishops especially bring a very numerous
suite.
The great Piazza of St. Peter's presents at this
moment a significant and striking scene, continually
crossed as it is by carriages driving to and from the
Vatican, and filled with pilgrims full of devotion,
or tourists laden with guide-books, but all evidently.
impressed with the grandeur of the spectacle be-
fore them, from the rising to the setting of the sun.
In the interior of the Basilica the sound of saws
and hammers and the whispered consultations of
artists and upholsterers mingles with the sacred
music of the Divine offices. The works make
rapid progress, but materials and machinery en-
cumber the building too much to judge of the ge-
neral effect as yet.
At the end of the apse, behind the Pope's throne,
a colonnade has been fixed, bearing the inscrip-
tion, " Cathedra Petri, magisterium veritatis,
centrum unitatis." The top of this colonnade just
reaches to St. Peter's Chair, preserved, as you
know, inside a bronze copy, surrounded by gilt
rays.
At every variety of giddy height swing the San
Pietrini (a band of 120 workmen, who have been
employed for generations on the repairs and deco-
ration of St. Peter's), adjusting the hangings,
tapers, and flowers.
The Archbishop of Westminster arrived last
Friday, and has put up at the humble house of the
Oblates of St. Charles at San Nicolo in Arcione.
He had an audience of the Holy Father yesterday,
who received him with cordial affection. Eng-
land was naturally the subject of their conversa-
tion, and I have just had from the lips of his Grace
a stirring account of the earnest and affectionate
way in which the Pope spoke of the people under
his care, and charged him to convey his benedic-
tion to them ; raising his hands to Heaven he
blessed God for the wonderful way in which,
through the adverse vicissitudes of the world, He
brings about events for the greater diffusion of the
faith.
I found his Grace greatly impressed, as all Ca-
tholics who have the glory of God and of His
Church at heart must be, with the wonderful in-
terposition of Divine Providence, which has united
the widespread episcopate of Christendom at such
a moment as the present in Rome. And," he
observed, " of all this large number there will be
one-fifth whose native tongue is English. Who
would have ventured to predict such an event a
hundred years ago ? And what a glorious destiny
is reserved to Pius IX. in being called to preside
at so signal a triumph !" The Pope was a good
deal fatigued by all his labours at the end of
last week and unable to receive the Austrian
Ambassador, who came to solicit his benediction
for the Emperor and Empress on the day of their
Coronation. The doctors also absolutely forbad
his assisting at the ceremonies of Whit Sunday,
and required him to keep to the sofa all that day.
Though weak and languid, he was, as usual, calm
and cheerful. On Monday he was much better,
and admitted several persons to audiences in spite
of the warnings of the faculty, for he has never
been very docile to directions which require him to
spare himself.
There have been one or two cases in the hospitals
and prisons of a disorder which may or may not
be cholera. A post-mortem examination is ordered
in each case which it is suspected of being cholera.
There had been nothing, however, to create any
alarm ; and, except the lowest classes, who take
fright easily in all countries, the people understand
very well that we have no epidemic, thank God,
but one or two isolated attacks of a sporadic

disorder.
You will probably be curious as to our chances
of any revolutionary e'meute, or I should not have
occasion to allude to the matter. General Kanzler
was asked his opinion on the subject the other
day, and his reply 'vas that he felt no difficulty
in answering for the security of the place.
We have seyeral high Italian functionaries here

just now (among others General Durando) who
say that, should there be any disturbance, the Ita-
lian army would at once enter the Papal territory
—to restore order ! No doubt they would be but too
glad of the excuse.
I have been out to the Basilica of San Paolo
fuor' le Mura to take a view of the decorations
there. They appear in excellent taste, though some
way as yet from completion. The arms of the pre-
sent Pope adorn each transept, and a triregno (the
triple crown of the Popes) is preparing over the
apse.
Down the nave are twenty large standard can-
delabra, of classical form, one standing opposite
each polished column. Over the capital of each is a
seven-branched candelabrum. Two of the spaces
between the piers were hung with deep red dra-
peries, apparently to try the effect. I hope the de-
cision will be against them, for this church is so
peculiarly rich in the colours of its marbles and
alabasters, allfreshly cut and polished, that it needs
less than any other the aid of adventitious colouring.
Above the arches dividing the nave from the aisles
run two classical border patterns ; above and below
the tondi containing the mosaic portraits of the
Popes, candle-branches project at intervals from
devices purposely adapted in these borders. One
great permanent improvement has also been made
by putting a door in the north transept, afford-
ing an entrance on the side by which the church is
reached from Rome.
There are to be above 600 singers at St. Peter's in
three choirs—one, under Mustafh, where the Sistine
singers always are at great functions, near the
High Altar—one, under Capocci, in the gallery
round the dome—and the third, directed by Me-
luzzi, over the portico ; a considerable number will
be Roman college students. We have had a little
rain this week, which has considerably cooled the
air. I felt it quite cold driving home late from San
Paolo ; but, of course, it is intensely hot in the
middle of the day in the streets. Many people
have gone to await the feste at Albano and other
neighbouring towns, where it may, from their
elevation, be a few degrees cooler. Prince Bor-
ghese has been entertaining Mgr. Dupanloup at
Nettuno. They are now at Frascati.
Among the improvements which the present
Pope has endeavoured to introduce during his reign
there have been none more beneficial than ame-
liorating the supply of water in various towns.
n the
t artist,
n
The picturesque, which, fortunately
fo '
garnished the tips of rocky
rhr e i instinct theh has
tuhree,
dhwaselloenres grunedaterintchoantvecnhiaermncine,
gan,d,
stkhyat-
lin :e
pinnacles with the beautiful outline of Italian
architect
o
t'aetctf roofs, are out of the way of most of
the accessories and comforts of life. I re-
member once on demurring at a very heavy charge
for a very moderate repast, in a remote mountain
mh
aedmfboerr
nothing
oo
tuh haveing hadon
top ,neaoft! a andb
village, mine host exclaimed, in reply, " but re-
member
wgrateeart.e greatest privation isvtatciuorin
curious
ars uechs
some
ep position itohne
cis
barren
rmeateli
rock."
0 isn'tck., , to
Bbu et
theof
onwtrianvt.
ances for securing a supply of the most necessary
of all raw materials. In some places there are
huge well-like cisterns formed of cavities in the
living rock, where the rain and melted snow of the
winter is stored up for the long heats of summer.
In others a large portion of the existence of the
peasant women is absorbed in journeys to and
from the nearest stream, obliging them to toil in
long files, evening after evening, up the steep hill-
sides, their antique copper jars containing, perhaps,
three or four gallons poised on their heads. In
others there is a handsome fountain in the centre
of the high street, supplied by streams from yet
higher hills, adorned with the arms of some Pope
whose benefaction it is, sparing the heavier part of
their labour, and affording a pleasant sunset lounge
and gossiping-place. It has been one of the chief
cares of Pius IX. to multiply these local supplies
as far as his limited revenues will admit. The
hydraulic works of Anagni, completed in 1863,
have afforded a model for similar works both far
and near.

The aqueduct and syphon of Alatri is a great en.
gineering work ; and there have been similar un
dertalings at Patrica, at Sezze, at Supino, and
Genazzano ; and works are in hand at Ferentino
Genzano, Paliano, and other places, among which
those of Ceccano near Frosinone, are just now at-
tracting particular attention. Two years ago there
was not the smallest provision for a permanent
water supply. Within that time the municipality
have, by praiseworthy efforts, already built conduits
which gave the high-perched town a limited quan-
tity, but it had long been a cause of annoyance
that an abundant source of water in the adjacent
it into Cec-
cano, district, called Callami, could not be made avail-
able.n tried, for
all had failed.
cao
indeed, Various
A public-spirited inhabitant of the place, Cava-
Here Berardi, however, has lately found the means
to surmount all the difficulties attending it, and
agreeing with the municipality to purchase the land
along the line of works, has undertaken to pay the
whole expense of the operation. The result of the
first excavations round the source of Callami was
the discovery of an ancient reservoir in -the rock
grown over and filled up with the accumulations of
ages. In clearing this out several coins, some of
silver, bearing the effigy of Antoninus Pius, were
found, suggesting that the original construction was
of his date. Further excavations traced the whole
line of the ancient aqueduct up to the town of
Ceccano, but so utterly in ruins as to require com-
plete reconstruction. Part of it goes underground,
and part of it (about a third of a mile) will have
to be carried through the valley on arches. Having
completed nearly a mile, Cay. Berardi invited Sig-
nori Cavi, Branchini, Fabri, and other eminent
engineers down from Rome last week to inspect
the work. Their report was highly favourable as
to its scientific and solid construction. The deli-
very of water, it is computed, will
amount to more
than 1,000 cubic metres a day. The plan com-
prises further a handsome erection, which will be
an ornament to the town and an appropriate record
a the undertaking.
A letter from Turin, dated June 17, says :
The new tax upon flour is exciting great discon-
tent in this country, and the mode of its assessment
no less. The papers animadvert bitterly on the
petty invention of machinery which is to register
the number of revolutions of each grindstone per
minute, and ask if this is the resul of the promised
benefits of revolution—the realization of " the bet-
ter days " promised in tho hymn which was so po-
pular in 1848, Giorni piu belli ci giova sperar."
•
It does not seem very clear as yet whether the tax is
only on breadstuffs or also on the Indian meal, a
kind of porridge made of which, called polenta, is
frequently the staple food of the Italian people—as
in that case it becomes much more serious, so far
affecting the poor entirely.
The revelations threatened by M. Brasseur seem,
however, a greater source of embarrassment to
Government even than the more immediate indig-
nation of the people. The Chamber continues,
however, to be occupied with its grasp of the
Church property, though without appearing to see
the way of dealing with it. The Spanish banker,
Salamanca, is at Florence attempting a basis for a
new negotiation. It was at one time pretended
that he was backed up by Rothschild, but there is
no foundation whatever for the story. The Inde-
pendance Beige says that direct attempts have been
I made to renew negotiations with Rothschild, but
thacif he does anythin,, it will be in the form of an
ordinary loan, leaving the Church property out of
the question.
While one or two of our ministers have enough
work on their hands in clearing themselves from
the imputations of • M. Brasseur, Sig. Tecchio,
Minister of Grace and Justice, has been getting
himself into hot water in a different way. It seems
it has pleased this worthy gentleman to issue a de-
cree requiring the few poor Capuchins who are yet
entrusted with the care of the churches of their
dispossessed Congregations to shave off their
beards ! This piece of petty tyranny has excited
great sympathy in their favour. One of them ap-
peared in a pulpit on Sunday without the patriar-
chal decoration, the people, who failed to recognise
him at first, were most indignant when they learned
what had happened. "If they want to shave off
anything, let them shave off a few taxes !" cried

ihr.4l
one. "It isn't the beards of the Capuchins that
want paring, but the nails of the Italianissimi I" ex-
claimed another.
The brothers of San Camillo, who had been but
lately summoned to the charge of the Hospital. of
Mantua, have just been summarily dismissed,
through some private manoeuvres of certain anti-
religious persons. The directors of the hospital, in
the very notice served on them, warmly eulogise
their labours, and express regret at the loss which
will be suffered by the sick on their departure. The
only reason assigned for the act is that they belong
to a religious congregation, and religious congrega-
tions were suppressed by the law of 7th July, 1866.
While at Nice, the bishop, Mgr. Sola, inaugurated,
on the Bth, a new chapel for the mad-house recently
established in that city, under the charge of the
congregation of both sexes of the Order of the As-
sumption, for the care of the insane. This is the
fifth large institution which has been opened under
theirla,uspices, with the sanction of the French Go-
vernment, during the f prty years their congregation
has been in being. That to which we are now spe-
cially calling attention is situated at St. Pons, about
two miles out of the town.
In the discussion on the Budget, in the Florence
Chamber, on Friday, 800,000 fr. were voted for the
works of the Corniche Railway.
On examining the list of gold medals of the Paris
Exhibition, I perceive there are three or four more
Italians on it than I have mentioned before—as
Giovanni Dupre, of Siena, in sculpture ; -Stefano
Ussi, of Florence, in painting ; Luigi Brunetti, of
Padua, for his anatomical preparations ; also the
Royal Italian Commission for the cultivation of
cotton.
'lie new Bishops of Saluzzo, Macerata, and
Tolentino have been received with most marked
demonstrations of affection in their dioceses. At
Saluzzo the municipality refused to join in any pub-
lic act for receiving Mgr. Gastaldi ; but the prin-
cipal inhabitants having been formed into, a com-
mission to give effect to the arrangements, the
syndic and members of the Municipal Council took
their part as simple citizens. The colonel of the
cavalry regiment stationed in the neighbourhood,
however, did not think it inconsistent with his duty
to allow his.band to give effect to the festivity. In
he evening the town was brilliantly and universally

illuminated.
The Bishop of Asti's reception was even more
cordial. A special train was ordered by a sponta-
neous arrangement of some of the principal inhabi-
tants to bring him from Turin. The members of
the Municipal Council, though they dared not give
any public testimony of respect, were the first to
call upon him the following morning in their pri-
vate capacity. The way leading up to the episco-
pal residence was thickly strewn with roses and
carnations. These prelates are now already on
their way to Rome, as is also Mgr. Riccardi, the
newly-installed Archbishop of Turin, who seems
already very popular.
The Vero 21Iessaggiere states that in the midst of
their poverty and privations Neapolitans have sub-
scribed 70,000 fr. for their contribution to the cen-
tenary of St. Peter.
The Roman correspondent of the Univers observes
that M. Itaimbaux, the officer who had the good
fortune to save the lives of the Emperor and the
Czar, and at the same time to escape the danger to
which he courageously exposed himself, is brother-
in-law to M. Armand, Secretary. to the French
Embassy in Rome, who, on the very morning of
the attempted assassination, had sent home to his
family the special benediction of the Holy Father !
By the way, the Empress of Russia has just sent
his wife a present of a diamond necklace, valued at
300,000 fr.
Letters from Rome announce that Mgr. Has-
soum, Archbishop of Constantinople, will be pro-
moted to the dignity of Patriarch of Constantinople
and Cilicia. The Archbishop of Paris is to start
for Rome on Monday. We learn from the Espe-
ranza that the Patriarch of the Indies has just left
Madrid by the Railway del Norte on his way to
Italy. The Cardinals of Seville and Santiago, and
about thirty bishops, are preparing for their depar-
ture. Havre has been receiving a number of pre-
lates on their way to Rome—the Bishops of Lima,
Havana, Sta. Marta, and others. The Courier de
Nantes likewise boasts the visits of some of the
bishops on their way. It says—"'The Bishop of
Guadeloupe, at the earnest solicitation of the faith-
ful and clergy of St. Similien, consented to preside
at the closing office of the Mois de Marie. The
Bishop of Para, and Mgr. de Seara, another Brazilian
bishop, officiated pontifically at Vespers and Bene-
diction in the cathedral. Mgr. de Macedo belongs
to one of the most distinguished families of Brazil,
whose members have-been frequently called to Go-
vernment posts. Ile distinguished himself greatly
while pursuing his studies at St. Sulpice, and also
at Rome. Immediately on his ordination he re-
turned to Brazil, intending to devote himself to the
humblest labours of the ministry. On the re-
presentation of the Emperor of Brazil, the
Pope required him soon after to undertake
the charge of the diocese of Para, which
pomprehends a territory six times as big as
France, and numbers besides a great multitude of
Catholics, 200,000 wild pagans scattered in the im-
mense forests watered by the Amazon. The greatest
care of the young prelate has been to train up a
truly apostolic body of clergy to second his efforts
for the good of his vast diocese. Remembering the
excellent seminaries of France, he sent over above
thirty young Brazilians to be trained to the priest-
hood. Our diocese hasbeen among the foremost
to second his wise endeavours, and the Bishop of
Para was naturally desirous to meet our bishop
on his way through Europe. He was much touched
by what he saw in our cathedral on Sunday—the
magnificence of our ceremonies and the piety of
the faithful here. He was particularly struck by
the custom we have adopted since these latter
troubles of the Church, of singing the Credo at
Benediction in solemn festivals. Is it not wonder-
ful,' he exclaimed, pressing the hand of our good
bishop, as they came out of the church together,
to come back from the New to the Old World, and
sing with you the same symbol of the Faith which
unites us all in every clime in one.' Hearing some
of our people complaining of the heat, he remarked
how pleasantly cool it was for him, and that our
sun seemed as mild as the moon in his country, for
he lives just under the equator. The Brazilian stu-
dents, at the diocesan seminary, were invited to
dine with him, and the meeting was a right joyous
one. Mgr. de' Macedo is probably the youngest
member of the Episcopate. We could not take leave
of his bronzed and intelligent face without earnestly
wishing him a long life to carry out the enlightened
measures he proposes for promoting the interests
of the Church in Brazil."
The Gazette du Midi publishes the following cu-
rious statement on the faith of the report of a tra-
veller lately arrived at Marseilles from Palermo :
"The distress in Sicily being so great, and the garri-
son ready to punish the least murmur so formida-
ble, that the people bethought them of a novel kind
of pacific popular demonstration. Some thousands
of people were, when he left, marching up and
down the Toledo with their pockets turned inside
out, but in solemn silence 1"

The appointment of Lieutenant-General Sir
Patrick Grant, G.C.8., to be Governor and Commander-in-
Chiof of tho island of Malta and its dependencies is
gazetted.
[ADVEUTISESLENT.3—henceforth no one will doubt the valuable
properties of Du Barry's health-restoring Revalenta Arabica
Invalids' and Infants' Food, since to the thousands of blessings
it has already received from Invalids whose position had been
deemed hopeless, we may now add that of his Holiness the Pope,
whose health has been perfectly restored by it after thirty year 3
• of unsuccessful m-dical treatment. We quote from the "Gazette
du Midi," July 25th :—" Rome, July 21, 1866.—" The health of
the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all
other remedle., he has confined himself eat:rely to Du Bar.y's
Itevalenta Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful
at every meal. It has produced a surprisingly beneficial
effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this
excellent food too highly." We extract a few out of
more than 68,000 cures:—Cure No. 58,216, of the Marchioness
de Brehan, of seven years' liver complaint, wasting away,
debility, nervousness, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad
digestion, constant sleeplessness, and the most intolerable ner-
vous agitation. Cure No. 1,771: Lord Stuart de Decies
4, Lord
Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. No. 9,832
" Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness,
asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and
vomiting.—Maria Joly." Cure No. 46,270: Mr. James Roberts,
of Fernley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood,
liver derangement, and partial deafness Important Caution.—
Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations
to which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most auda-
ciously attached.
In tins at ls. lid.; 1 lb., 2s. 9d.•' 2 lbs., 4s. 65.•, 5 lbs.;l.ls. ;
12 lbs., 225.; 24 lbs., 40s.—BARRY Do BARRY and Co., No. 77.
Regent-street, London; also Fortnam and Mason, 182, Piccadilly
and at 61, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside; 63, 150, and 298,
Oxford-street; 330, Strand; and all grmas and choulfito.

RAILROAD MORTALITY IN THE UNITED

STATES.

Under a law of New Jersey the railway corpora-
tions of that State are required to report annually to
the Legislature the casualties to human life or limb
which occur upon their respective roads. These
reports are made every winter for the year ending
the preceding January. By the reports of last
winter it appears that during the year 1866 there
were killed outright seventy-nine persons on the
ollowing roads :
New Jersey Central ...
Camden and Amboy ...
Freehold and Jamesburg ..•
Camden and Burlington
West Jersey • ••
Camden and Atlantic
Raritan and Delaware Bay
New Jersey
Morris and Essex ...
Northern ••• •••
Paterson and Ramapo...
Belvedere Delaware ...

23
~ 10
~ 1
~ 1
1.

~ 2
~ 17
~ 13

Supposing that this year might have been
peculiarly fatal, we turned to the reports of the
same roads for 1865, and found that during that

year they had killed 90 persons ; besides these were
a large number of persons reported as seriously
wounded during the same year.
The roads above-named are in the aggregate
less than seven hundred miles long. Assum-
ing that they are managed with as much
care, prudence, and foresight against accidents
as any roads in the country, they give us a
guida by which to arrive at a result for all the states.
If in New Jersey, under the best of management,
eleven persons yearly are killed outright for every
hundred miles of railroad, how many are killed
annually throughout the country ? It is stated in
the American Journal of Mining that there are
51,000 miles of steam railway in the United States.
By the New Jersey ratio, therefore, the annual rail-
road mortality of the country anlOunts to the fear-
ful number of 5,600.

But it may be said that the New Jersey
roads are used by many more daily trains than
the average of the railroads of the country,
and that, therefore, the accidents are more
numerous upon them. It is not clear either that
this is the fact, or if it is, that the result would be
materially altered. On but three of the New
Jersey roads, the Camden and Amboy, the New
Jersey, and the New Jersey Central, can the travel
be said to be large. The rest are little more than
neighbourhood ways, and not at all crowded with
travel. Even if it were, it is fair to presume that
increased responsibility produces increased care,
and that the roads which carry the most passengers
take the best precautions against accidents, and
that, consequently, in proportion to the increase in
passengers carried, the danger to the public dimi-
nishes.

Some thirty or forty years ago the loss of life
upon the western waters, by the frequent explosion
of steamboat boilers, was very great, although it
never approximated to the present fearful loss by
railroads. The frequency of these dreadful occur-
rences so impressed the public mind that Congress
intervened to provide a remedy. The salutary
legislation which followed had the effect of greatly
reducing the number of casualties, until at last their
occurrence is rare. As we have argued elsewhere,
similar legislation should follow in the matter of
railways.