The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 25, 1860.

THE AUSTRIAN CONSTIIUTION.

The following are the official documents pub-
lished in the Vienna Gazette, the purport of which
have been made known by telegraph. The first is
a manifesto to the Austrian populations :
" When I ascended the throne of my ancestors
violent commotions prevailed in the monarchy.
" After a conflict which was very painful to my
paternal sentiments, the necessity of an energetic
concentration of the Government was felt above
all things to be necessary in my provinces, as was
likewise the case in almost all the States of the
European Continent, which were violently agitated
by revolution. The public welfare and the security

of the majority of the peaceable inhabitants of the
Monarchy required that ; for the passions which
were excited, and the painful remembrance of the
recent past, rendered impossible the free movement
of elements which were just before combating each
other as enemies.
" I desired to ascertain the wishes and the wants
of the different provinces of the monarchy ; and I
consequently, by my Patent of the sth March,
created and convoked my reinforced Council of the
Empire.

" Taking into consideration the propositions
which the Council submitted to me, I have thought
right to sign and to promulgate this day a diploma
concerning the regulation of the political organisa-
tion of the monarchy, the rights and position of each
of the kingdoms and provinces, and the definition,
consolidation, and representation of the political
union of the common monarchy.
" I fulfil my duty as a Sovereign iu thus connect=
ing by conciliation the souvenirs, opinions, and
legitimate pretensions of my provinces and peoples
with the real wants of the monarchy, and by con-
fidently confiding in the ripe intelligence and the
patriotic zeal of my peoples the fecund development
and the vigour of institutions given or revived by
me. I hope to see them flourish and produce their
beneficial effects under the protection of Almighty
God, in whose hands are the destinies of princes
and peoples, and who will not refuse His blessing
to the profound and conscientious sincerity of my
paternal solicitude. " FRANCIS JOSEPH.
'• Vienna, 20th Oct. 1860."

Then follows an Imperial diploma for regulating
the internal political organisation of the empire :
We, Francis Joseph I, by the grace of God,
Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and
Bohemia, King of Lombardy and Venetia, of Gal-
licia, &c., &c., make known :
" After our ancestors, of glorious memory, had
applied themselves, in their prudent solicitude, to
create for our august house a precise form of here-
ditary succession, the order of succession established
inviolably and for ever by H.M. the Emperor
Charles VI., on the 19th April, 1713, was defini-
tively regulated by the law of the State, of posses-
sion, and of family, known under the name of the
Pragmatic Sanction,' and was adopted by the
legitimate States of our different kingdoms end
provinces, and is actually in vigour.
" On the legal immovable basis of an order of
determined succession, and of the indivisibility
and inseparability of its integral parts, placed in
accord with the rights and liberties of our said
kingdoms and territories, and which has since then
been aggrandised and fortified by international
treaties, the Austrian monarchy has vanquished
and repressed, with the constant support of the
fidelity, devotedness, and bravery of its peoples,
the dangers and aggressions which menaced it.
" For the sake of our house and our subjects it is
our sovereign duty to maintain the power of the
Austrian monarchy, and to grant, in order to con-
solidate it, the guarantees of rights clearly and un-
equivocally defined, and acting in common accord.
It is only the institutions and rights which respond
equally to the traditional rights and to the existing
diversity of our kingdoms and provinces, and to
the exigencies of their individual and inseparable
union that can offer these guarantees in all their
plenitude.
" Considering that the elements of the common
organic institutions have been developed and for-
tified by the equality of our subjects in the eye of
the law, by the free exercise ofreligien guaranteed
to every one, by admissibility to public functions
independently of rank and birth, and by the sub-
jection of all to payment of taxes, by the sup-
pression of forced labour, and of the customs

lines between the different countries of our
monarchy ; considering further, that by the con-
centration of the power of the State in all the
countries of the European continent, the common
direction of great affairs has become an indis-
pensable necessity for the security of our
monarchy and the prosperity of its provinces, in
order to remove the differences previously existing
between our kingdoms and provinces by means of a
properly regulated participation of our subjects in
the legislature and administration on the basis of the
Pragmatic Sanction, and in virture of our autho-
rity, we have thought proper to decide and ordain
what hereafter follows as the fundamental and
irrevocable law of the State for ourselves as well as
for our legitimate successors :

" I. The right of giving, changing, and suppres-
sing laws shall not be exercised by ourselves and
our successors, otherwise than with the consent of
the Diets legally assembled, and of the Council of
the Empire, to which the Diets shall send a number
of members to be fixed by us.

" 11. Henceforth shall be discussed in the Council
of the Empire, and decided with its concurrence,
all legislative questions affecting the rights, duties,
and interests which are common to all our king-
doms and countries, viz., the question of thecoinage,
money, and credit, that of customs and commerce;
then the question of the bases of the bank, that of
the post-office, telegraphs, and railways; the ques-
tion of recruiting the army for the future, as well as
the imposition of new taxes and increasing those

now existing, especially that on salt, and the con-
tracting of new loans, in conformity with our decree

of July 17, 1860; the conversion of the public debt,
and the sale, exchange, or mortgaging of the Crown
lands shall henceforth also be effected only with the

consent of the Council of the Empire. Lastly,
the fixing of the budget of the expenditure for the

coming year, the regulating of the accounts and of
the result of the annual expenditure can only be
effected with the co-operation of the Council.
"111. All other legislative questions, not com-
prised in the preceding article, shall be decided by
the Diets, and as to kingdom and provinces ap-
pertaining to the Crown of Hungary, in the sense
of their ancient constitutions, and for our other
kingdoms and provinces in the sense of their
peculiar institutions. But as, with the exception
of the provinces of the Hungarian Crown, certain
legislative questions, which are not of the exclusive

competence of the Council of the Empire, have
been treated during many years past for all our
other provinces in a general manner, we reserve to
ourselves to allow these questions also to be treated
by the Council of the Empire, after consulting the
councils of those provinces. A common action may
also take place, when the Diet interested shall ex-
press such desire, except in the case of objects
reserved for the Council .of the Empire.
" IV. This Imperial Patent shall be preserved in
the archives of our kingdoms and provinces, and
hereafter shall be introduced into the Code of the
country, in an authentic text, and in the different
languages of the Empire. Our successors, on their
accession to the throne, shall affix their Imperial
signature to this Patent, and address it to each of
our kingdoms, where it shall be inserted in the
Code of the laws of the country.
"We ourselves have affixed our signature, our
Imperial seal, and we have ordered that this Patent
shall be preserved in the archives of our House, of
the Court, and of the State."
" Given at our capital and residence at Vienna,
this 20th day of October, in the year one thousand

eight hundred and sixty, and the twelfth of our
reign.
...___

" FRANCIS JOSEPH.
" COUNT RECIIBERG.
"By order of the Emperor,
BARON DE RANSONNET."

These doauments are followed by several auto-
graph letters from the Emperor, making various
appointments corrected with the intended changes.

NORTH AND SOUTH ITALY.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)

MILAN, Oct. 22.—The capital of Lombardy is
quiet, but not easy in mind. The Austrians are at
its gates, and no man in the world—not excepting
even the young Emperor on whose beck they de-
pend—can safely say when they may march across
the borders. The movements of the Mantuan garri-
son are watched not without interest here. The wea •
ther is getting rather cold in North Italy for mere
pleasure manoeuvres, and people ask what may be
the use of the 8,000 men sent to reinforce that
garrison, raising its numbers to an effective force of
15,000, irrespective of the Culoz Regiment stationed
on the left bank of the Mincio at Villafranca and
Vallegio ; of the Don Miguel Regiment, who have
lately taken up a position on the northern bank of
the Po—a river already thronged with troops on
the left along a line stretching from Borgoforte to
Romanore, San Cataldo, and Bocca di Ganda, and
on the right all over those Mantuan districts of
Sermide, Gonzaga, and San Benedetto, placed in
the very heart of the 'Emilia, and left in the hands
of the Anstricterixf.:4fitato-versightuf i'fapolemr
lll.—afertile source of discord, a risk, and a snare,
endangering the peace of Europe no less than the
freedom of Italy. In the Cispadane districts there
are now from 5,000 to 6,000 men, who expect to be
reinforced by other corps, especially by several
Croatian battalions.

For their own part, the Italian Government are
also concentrating their forces on the frontier. The
entrenched camp at Piacenza is defended by the
13th Division, which has just returned from the
campaign in the Marches, and by six brigades,
among which is the Piedmontese Brigade, together
with two cavalry regiments, two Bersag]ieri batta-
lions, and nine field batteries. The detached bat-
talions of the mobilised National Guards quartered
at Alessandria, Pavia, Bologna, &c., were yesterday
asked by an order of the day whether they would
suffer their term of service, which bound them for
40 days, to be prolonged for some time. The inti-
mation was received with a perfect storm of enthu-
siastic devotion everywhere ; even those battalions
which were not comprehended in that contemplated
prolongation eagerly clamoured that they should
not be sent home in this supreme emergency. The
cries of " Viva it Re ! Viva l'ltalia !" resounded in
the barracks, and were taken up by the aroused po-
pulation. No doubt the Austrians, if they advanced
upon any of those Italian strongholds, would meet
with a moral resistance upon which their generals,
relying merely on material strength, are not wonted
to calculate.

Nevertheless, the anxiety is great, although not
openly avowed, and the only hopes of the Lombards
and /EmiHans rest on the delays occasioned at
Vienna by the desire to know the results of the
Warsaw Conference, and to see the effects of the
constitution, promulgated yesterday at noon by the
Austrian Government, on the population of the
Danubian Provinces. If the time lost by Austria
in coming to terms with her subjects and her neigh-
bours allows the Italians to accomplish their South-
ern enterprise, and reunite their regular forces on
the Po and Mincio, before the contest begins, it
would be a disgrace if united Italy were not able to
engage in such a struggle without looking either to
France or to any foreign Power for aid. Count
Cavour wisely intimated to the House of Deputies
that the country was not yet organised to such an
extent as to warrant an attack upon Austria ; but
he never said, and he surely never meant, that the
kingdom already united under Victor Emmanuel
was not strong enough to fight in self-defence ; and
that Bologna, Piacenza, and Alessandria could not,
by the combined efforts of soldiers and citizens, be
held against all odds that not only Austria, but
Germany and Russia also, could conspire to bring
against them. A free people can never be made to
have toe great confidence in the justice of their own
cause, and the means which duty and devotion place
in their hands to uphold it. It was by a most bene-
ficent stroke of Providence, the Italians begin now
to feel, that the tide of French conquest stopped
last year at the Mincio, leaving by far the greater
part of the enterprise to be achieved by the people
themselves of the country, and holding over them
the constant threat of a return of that hateful state
of things from which the programme of Milan
seemed to have freed them for ever. It required no
less to hush up all the worst passions, and to keep
the best faculties of this people on the stretch. It
is well that the Milanese should be quiet ; it is as
well that they should not be too easy in mind.
In the meanwhile, we have tidings from the
South of the first victories of the Piedmontese
army; of the triumph of Cialdini at Isernia (the
gallant and luckly general is sure always to turn
up at the right moment) ; of a Neapolitan general,
Scotti, with 50 officers, 800 men, a stand of colours,
and a section of a park of artillery fallen into his
kends. Before Capua, on the 19th, the eight
battalions of the King's Brigade took their station
in the front line of the Garibaldian foices. The
volunteers under General Turr were greatly worn
out by the hardships and privations to which they
had been exposed during their campaign on the
Volturno. Their numbers had dwindled not only
on account of the casualties of their frequent en-
counters with the enemy, but also in consequence
of fevers and other complaints, by which it is said
that no less than 30 men are daily sent to the hos-
pitals. The ambulance and commissariat under
Garibaldi are still in that deplorable state of dis-
erder inseparable, as it would seem, from the nature
of a volunteer service. Some of the advanced posts
at San Tammaro and Aversa stood in the presence
of the enemy without receiving any sort of provi-
sions for more than 48 hours ; and, what is more,
their wounded could be neither tended nor removed
for an equally long space of time. The Garibaldian
army has no tents, and it is only partially and in-
differently supplied with blankets. The red flannel
shirt is found to be, however showy, rather an un-
comfortable uniform, and it is with great joy that
these troops lately heard the announcement that
they would shortly be clad in the gray overcoat and
trousers of the Piedmontese ordonnance. If shoes
and linen were also forthcoming, no doubt that
would add to the health and efficiency of the gal-
lant men who have hitherto gone through greater
trials than mere flesh and blood are equal to.
If Cialdini's Piedmontese, as may be easily pre-
sumed, in a few days achieve Garibaldi's work at
Capua and Gaeta, and if the news we already re-
ceive of the results of the plebiscite at Naples are
confirmed by subsequent bulletins, all Italy will
have leisure to gather herself up, and muster on the
Po and Mincio to see what mischief renovated and
constitutional Austria has yet in store for her. As
it is, King Victor Emmanuel and Francis Joseph
are running a neck-and-neck race; the world is yet
to see whether the former will be able to accomplish
the conquest of the south of Italy before the latter
attempts to dispute with him the possession of the
North.

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THE L,4NDING OF THE BRITISH

EXCURSIONISTS AT NAPLES.

A letter from Naples, dated Oct. 14, says :
The long expected Empereur came in this morn-
ing with a portion of_the British Legion, and was
followed later in the day by the Melazzo with an-
other portion. Salutes were fired and returned
and the city was all alive with expectation. It was
believed, of course, that they would have landed
immediately, especially as they had been so long
on the voyage, the Melazzo having left England
on the 24th of September, and the Empereur a week
later. By some most astonishing mismanagement,
however, or want of management, no barracks had
been assigned them and no kind of preparation
whatever. Let the blame rest wherever it may, I
conceive the whole affair to be most disgraceful.
Our countrymen had been expected several weeks ;
their arrival had been the common talk of the whole
of the city, and yet when they entered the port
there was not a place for them to rest their heads.
I went on board in the afternoon by special per-
mission, and talked with the officers and men.
They were indignant at being kept in their wooden
prison for more than 24 hours after their arrival,
and, rather than remain, expressed their willing-
ness to sleep on the ground ashore. The cook and
staff had gone ashore, feeling confident that the
legion would have landed, so that our brave
countrymen on the first day of their arrival in
Naples were compelled to dine on bread and butter
and biscuit. The voyage had been favourable,
though the Melazswe.ople complained, of having
been kept 10 days in Cagliari, and all said that there
was no system on board, breakfast sometimes not
being served till 10 or 11 o'clock, and dinner at not
before 6 or 7 o'clock in the evening. " Some of the
fellows I have seen in a half starving 'state" said one
man. I never saw a finer body of men in my life,
and I have no doubt but that they will do honour
to the British name. We have all classes of men—
such as officers, doctors, and lawyers, and trades-
men, and public enzployes, and all anxious to push
on to the front, but they want a week's feeding tap
and good training. There are many old soldiers,
and in the ranks we have dozens of men who were
officers.

A very painful incident happened as soon as the
vessels entered, and one to which I desire to al-
lude with the greatest possible reserve at present.
Major Styles was put under arrest and still remains
so in his hetel._in Santa Lucia, with a sentinel at
the door. I regret that the entrance of the le-
gion should have been inaugurated by such a
fact, and that greater publicity than was neces-
sary should have been given to transactions
which might have been examined into in Eng-
land or on board ship. Styles expresses the most
perfect willingness to submit to a full inquiry, and,
sech being the case, why was not that inquiry made
in a more private manner, before the harsh mea-
sures whic'a I have already noted were resorted to,
and the scandal avoided of a commanding officer
being under arrest while the regiment was parading
in triumph through the town ? It is premature,
of course, to enter into the charges which are made,
but I shall watch the procedure impartially, It
was a gay sight which the red coats presented on
board, and great crowds of people had collected to
catch a glimpse; the general expectation, of course,
was that they would have landed, and parties of
the National Guard, and of all classes of society,
with banners at their head, went down to greet
them. The harbour was crowded with boats full
of people, who circled about the newly-arrived
vessels, shouting " Viva Inghilterra !" " Viva gh
Inglesi !" and bouquets of flowers were sent on board
as presents. I remained till late, and then, finding
that there was no chance of there being any land-
ing, went on shore.

OCTOBER 15.

It was a sulky, drizzling morning, and we were
in despair lest the brilliant spectacle might be spoilt
by the rain. As 10 o'clock, however, approached the
sun deigned to smile upon us a little, and then re-
tired into his gloomy reserve, and so he continued
yielding and sulking the whole day. There was
brightness, however, just sufficient to put us in good
humour, so early in the morning every one of us
turned out. The Neapolitans, of course, were out in
the prima mattina, so fond are they of spectacle,
and it would requiire a brush dipped in the rain-
bow to paint all that passed before me on this strik-
ing occasion of a landing of 650 of our countrymen.
On driving through the . town we found almost
every one, like ourselves, making for the arsenal,
before the gates of which were assembled vast
crowds of expcctants ; but, hearing that the pro-
cession was to come out on the other side, :last
under the windows from which not two months
since I saw the Bourbons looking out, we hurried
back, and took up our place under the balcony
from which Ferdinand 11. periodically reviewed
whole regiments of monks following in precession
the image of their patron saint. What a mighty
change. The ladders were planted against the
gateway, and the lilies had not only faded, but had
been removed by the hands of the workmen at ls.
Bd. a day. Thus falls a dynasty of despots—of
despots who will not learn from experience or
march with the age, who regard themselves as the
Vicegerents of God, and all the earth as theirs, and
the cattle (read "Italians") on a thousand hills.
There are Padre Gavazzi and Saffi ; the Padre comes
up to us and talks of the great movement of which
he is the Luther, and hopes, with the blessing of
God, that he may give some light to the people.
He passes on amid cheers of " Gavazzi ! Gavazzi !"
Then comes procession after procession of National
Guards with flags ; of the populace shouting " Viva
Ingltilterra !" " Viva gli Inglesi !" and we take off
our hats; of crowds headed by young women with
banners over their shoulders, and flowers and ever-
greens; and the Piazza is crowded with thousands of
human beings, many of them doubtless only curious
to see a spectacle, many of them, however, entering
deeply into the real sentiment of the scene, and
regarding it as an expression of the public mind
in favour of liberty ; and the English—honoured
name—were the great centre of interest. I re-
member—a year ago, when the war in Lombardy
was raging, that Englishmen were pooh-poohed in
Naples, and now they are overwhelmed with honours.
Why? Because we have spent our thousands for
the Italian cause ? No ! This change of feeling is
a homage to our national integrity and consistency ;
and let every Englishman remember that he is an
element in the composition of the nation, and is
bound, as a true son of his country, to stand by
and maintain the eternal principles of honour. For
myself, I think we should have merited yet more
if, amid the sympathies which every man must feel
with struggling Italy, we had been more precise in
condemning certain lines of conduct, instead of
calling black white or trying to gloss over what is
indefensible. I cannot, however, keep the crowds
standing while I am moralising. Here they are
surging on, and music and clapping of hands an-
nounce that at last the real business of the day is
beginning. The flags of the National Guard appear
above the ascent from the arsenal, and then the
newly created militia, really fine-looking military
men, and they were greeted on all sides with Vivas
sung to the tunes of Garibaldi and Victor Emma-
nuel. There is a great display of white handker-
chiefs, and the Vivas and the clappings
are re-
doubled as the English appear, and till pass under
the palace windows, flanked and thronged by thou-
sands of spectators, who applause them to the echo.
They carry the tricoloured:flog with " Viva Vittorio
Emmanuele" inscribed upon it ; every man has a
bouquet on his bayonet and a dahlia on his breast,
and young Styles has a garland round his: hat. A
finer set of fellows I never looked upon. Heaven
preserve them amid the danger to which they will
be exposed ! But where is the colonel, who should
have been on horseback at the head of his men, or
-Dictator, or some
the Minister of War, or the Pro