The Sun.
London, England, 1867-06-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 28, 1867.

LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 1867.

The Reform Bill is making rapid progress, and
the Government part is now completed, so far as
the consideration of the Committee is concerned.
With the exception of the schedules to-day, the
new clauses proposed by private members will be
taken. All the clauses proposed by the Govern-
ment were agreed to. The first clause provided
for the increase of polling places, and this occupied
some time in its discussion. Mr. FawcErr pro-
posed an amendment, to the effect that some of the
expenses of elections, such as hustings, polling-
baoths, &c., should be defrayed by putting them on
the county or borough rates ; and Mr. LA BO UCHEIZE
made a suggestion in connection with this subject:7
that each candidate at county elections shall deposit
one hundred pounds with the returning officer, so
as to cover expenses, and borough candidates fifty
pounds. This was fortunately !ejected by a larg,-
majority—one hundred and six—for it would never
have answered, and would haveintroduced a danger-
ous element into our electioneering system. We are
surprised that Mr. GLADSTONE should have sup-
ported it, but the right hon. gentleman has taken
up some strange theories this session, the pursuit of

which generally finds him in the ranks of the
minority. He very kindly told Mr. DISRAELI the
other night that the Bill was not his, but that of the
House of Commons. Whoever it may belong to,
one thing is certain, that it does not belong to the
leader of the Opposition, for he has been directly
against most of its leading propositions, and advo-
cated the adoption of most of the discarded amend-
ments and defeated clauses. While no possible ad-
vantage could have accrued from the carrying out
of Mr. FAWCETT'S proposal, while it would have
been injurious in many ways, and, in point of fact,
would have paved the way for the payment of mem-
bers, which of all changes is the one most to be de-
precated, for we have sufficient proof of its mischief
across the Atlantic.
Mr. MILL used the most extraordinary argu-
ments in support of this amendment, declaring that
the committee should remember that the expenses
incurred at elections were part of the expenses for
governing the country, and hence it was as incon-,
sistent to make candidates bear them all, as if it was
required that judges should have taxes imposed upon
them for administering justice. The hon. mem-
ber's general views on public questions were that
much learning may be as dangerous a thing as a
little philosophy may sound very well, but it works
very badly if carried too far. Mr. MILL says that
" if members were not to be paid for undertaking
the business of legislation they certainly ought
not :to be made to pay for leave to govern
the country." But this would not do, and
the worst of it would be that it would be impossible
to draw back after having sanctioned the adoption
of the principle. Mr. LAING'S speech on the sub-
ject was very much to the purpose, and he showed
the fallacies of the arguments in favour of the
scheme of the honourable member for Brighton
in a very forcible manner. He denksl that
the House of Commons was so full of rich
men, and declared that, on the contrary,
" it contained in it many gentlemen who have
honourably made their way in the world, and could
it be fairly represented to be thronged with men
who had no title whatever to sit there except their
money-bags, and no desire except to attain a social
standing." We entirely agree with the hon. mem-
ber for Wick, that the House of Commons, as at
present constituted, contrasts very favourably with
the assemblies of other countries, where the members
are paid for their services.

Mr. DISRAELI concluded the rather wearisome
debate on the matter in a few exceptional sentences.
He said that if the principle on which this amend-
ment rested was a sound one, it should go much
further. Who an decide, for instance, as to what
are or are not legitimate experses, and so cu
arrangements of elections ? The ratepayers, added
the right hon. gealeman, would soon object to
this charge made upon them, and say that a
national duty should be a national charge,
and " make a claim that could not long
be resisted upon the Consolidated Fund."
On the whole, we consider that the committee have
acted wisely and well in rejecting this amendment,
by a majority sufficiently large to prove unmistake-
ably the sense of the house on the subject. Four
new clauses were subsequently proposed by the
Chhncellor of the Exchequer, and agreed to by the
committee, relating to the hire of rooms for polling
places, the disfranchisement of persons in receipt
of parochial relief, and the amendment of the oath
to be taken by the poll clerk. To this Mr. GURNEY
proposed to add an amendment that the oath should
be converted into a declaration, but this was de-
feated, and it is well that it was, because it is always
undesirable to remove such restrictions. The pro-
gress made by the committee during the last few
days encourages one to hope that in a short time
they will come to the end of their laborious under-
taking, and the bill be sent up to the House of
Lords, a consummation which is very desirable,
considering the period of the session.

No more fitting speaker could have been chosen
to deliver the memorial address on the unveiling of
the Salford statue of Mr. COBDEN than Mr. CHAS.
VILLIERS. Mr. BRIGHT, indeed, might have been
selected as a more eloquent speaker; and as the con-
stant associate of Mr. COBDEN in his political life,
but to Mr. VILLIEP.S belongs the distinction of
having been one of the earliest and most assiduous
combatants in the field where Mr. COBDEN gained
his brightest laurels. Thirty years ago Mr. VIL-
LIERS told his hearers at Salford he had visited
Lancashire for the express purpose of making Mr.
COBDEN'S acquaintance, having been prompted to
do so by reading some of his early works at that time.
Mr. VILLIERS was himself in Parliament, and was
already pledged to use every effort to secure the
repeal of the Corn Laws. He had begun the
struggle,which he carried on with so much persever-
ance and resolution, in spite of contempt of ridicule
and of strenuous opposition. It may easily be
imagined with what satisfaction Mr. VILLIERS
found so able an auxiliary as Mr. COBDEN, prepared
to come forward with even greater boldness and
determination. The impression left by their early
interviews had never, said Mr. VILLIERS, been
effaced from his mind, for Mr. COBDEN'S mind was
already completely made up on the important ques-
tion of the Corn Laws. " He saw and asserted
with boldness and confidence that those laws not
only marred the material prosperity of the country,
but also that they precluded everything like moral
and social improvement among the people. From
that time he determined to devote all his energy
and powers to procure the repeal of those laws."
At first, said Mr. VILLIERS, Mr. COBDEN found it
difficult to believe that the Reformed Parliament, as
it was then called, would not takeaction in the matter.
Mr. VILLIERS, a member of the House of Commons,
knew better, and Mr. COBDEN himself changed his
mind after listening to a debate on the Corn Laws.
" COBDEN left the House suddenly that night, re-
turned to Lancashire, and determined that he would
never cease to work or act until the public should
be duly apprised of the character of those laws and
the difficulty of repealing them." We all know how
faithfully he kept that resolution, and with what
undaunted energy he threw himself into the work
which he lived to see crowned with such abundant
success. His objects, however, were always sought
and attained by moral means, and Mr. VILLIERS
declared that be did not think during the whole
seven years' war there had been a single act of vio-
lence or illegality perpetrated by the League. Mr.
COBDEN, added his memorialist, never took to him-
self the whole credit of its ultimate triumph, and was
always eager to court the assistance of men of talent
and education. Mr. VILLIERS was with him in
Manchester when Mr. BRIGHT made his first speech,
and he remembered Mr. CQBDEN'S predictions of his
future eminence as a speaker, and also his satisfac-
tion in finding so valuable a colleague. Mr.
VILLIERS, however, does not rank Mr. COB-
DEN'S services in the cause of Free Trade as
the greatest of his claims on public gratitude.
He believes that when posterity comes to judge
11!m it w:II attach most value to his labours in the
cause of peace. His writings and his exertions on
this subject did, no doubt, good service, although
be carried his theories to a somewhat Utopian ex-
treme. He endeavoured to convince the public not
only of the evils of war, but of the great advan-
tages to be derived by a cordial uncle standing be-

tween the different nations of Europe, and there is
no doubt that the French Treaty with which he
was so closely connected helped very much to pro-
duce a better feeling between ourselves and our
nearest neighbours. RICHARD COBDEN was a faith-
ful and laborious public servant, and his country
was not ungrateful. Ile received during his life-
time many substantial tokens of his fellow-country-
men's approval, and since his death his name has
been duly honoured and cherished. The cere-
monial of Wednesday was a fitting token of the
affectionate regard with which he is still thought of
by the inhabitants of Lancashire, and the beautiful
statue of Salford will recal to many generations the
career of a man who without any adventitious aid
succeeded in carrying a great public reform, and in
powerfully affecting the legislation of his time and
the fortunes of his country.

According to the news brought to us from New
York on the 18th, the Attorney-General STANBERRY
has pronounced himself decidedly against the as-
sumption of arbitrary powers by the military com-
manders of the South. The Attorney-General
says that the Civil Rights Bill is still in force, and
that commanders have no right to establish military
courts to try civil cases. He adds, very justly, that
commanders have no power to declare a new code of
laws, as such powers would place them on an equality
with Congress. It is said that the PRESIDENT is
preparing an order reinstating the Southern officials
recently removed, prohibiting their removal for the
future. It is doubtful whether Congress would
sanction such an act, notwithstanding Mr. STAN-
BERRY'S ingenious attempt to represent the com-
manders as infringing the rights of Congress. The
Cabinet favours the enforcement of the Reconstruc-
tion Act as interpreted by the Attorney General,
who declares that substantially it only disfranchises
those rebels who held State or military office, having
taken the oath to support the constitution of the
United States. Congress will, it is said, reassemble
in July, but unless its members have been employ-
ing the recess very profitably there is not much
hope of their assisting in the satisfactory settlement
of the difficulty. .

The Atlantic Cable brings us a rumour that
Maximilian has been " pardoned" and banished.
The pardon is rather a farce, but the banishment
may be perhaps the best solution of the problem.
The unfortunate Prince, on his return to Europe,
may say with FRANCIS I. that all is lost but honour.
He is still young enough, however, for a happier
if less exalted career, and he has secured the re-
spect and sympathy of all by his courage and for-
titude under his reverses.

The North Schleswig question seems likely to
engage a great deal of attention just now, and all
the efforts made by Prussia to connect a bad cause
with a good one are unsuccessful. The• greatest
discontentment prevails at Copenhagen as to the
course pursued by the Berlin statesmen, and it is
, quite evident that the way in which the Prussians
read the Treaties, made at various times, differs
materially from their original purpose. The Dog-
black declares that the guarantees that Prussia
demands for the German inhabitants of North
Schleswig are merely a part of the question, and
that a subordinate portion of it too. The negotia-
tions turn upon the money of Duppel• and
Alsen. The elections to the North Ger-
man Parliament may plainly point out the
national lines, and yet Prussia seeks to evade the
question, and ignore what does not meet her views.
Upon this it is sail that the " Schleswig Danes
would prefer the common lot of slavery until the
great clay of liberation should dawn." It is worthy
of note that Ilerr TWESTER has been sentenced by
the disciplinary Court of Berlin to pay a fine of one
hundred thalers on account of a speech made by
him in the Chamber of Deputies. We would com-
mend this significant circumstance to the attention
of those advanced disciples of progress in this
country who have been felicitating themselves upon
the great result achieved by Count BISMARCK in the
progress of liberty in Prussia. It is worth while to
have universal suffrage when members are fined for
expressing their opinions.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(Fr.om OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Thursday Evening.

The illoniteur says :—" The number of Princes
who upon the occasion of the Universal Exhibition
have come to visit the Emperor and Empress aug-
ments every day. Their Majesties have received
during the week the Grand Duke of Baden and the
Grand Duchess, daughter of the King of Prussia ;
the Grand Duke of Mecklenbourg Schwerin, the
Duke of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, the Prince Royal of
Saxony and his wife, the Princess Caroline, the
daughter of Prince Gustavus of Wasa ; the Count
de Flandres, brother to the King of the Belgians,
and the Countea de Flandres, formerly Princess de
Hohenzollern; Prince Humbert of Italy, eldest son
of King Victor Emmanuel, and also the Duke
d'Aoste, his brother, and the Duchess d'Aoste, for-
merly Princess de la Cisterne ; Prince Arthur of
England, third son of Queen Victoria. The Prince
of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge will be in
Paris on Saturday."
The Emperor of Russia on his return to St.
Petersburg stopped in the Grand Duchy of Hesse,
in Wurtemberg, in Prussia, and in Poland. The
Czar was everywhere received with the most respect-
ful sympathy. At Darmstadt he saw his brother-
in-law the Grand Duke of Hesse, brother of the
Empress of Russia, and at Stuttgardt his sister the
Queen of Wurtemburg. At Berlin he was present
with the King of Prussia at a review of 50,000 men.
At Warsaw, where the Empress came to meet him,
he went to the Greek Church with the Grand Dukes,
the Prince of Oldenburg, and the Prince Alexander
of Hesse.

On the 17th June a Papal chapel was held in the
Vatican, in commemoration of the accession of the
Holy Father to the Pontifical throne. His Holi-
ness, who was born on the 13th of May, 1792, has
just inaugurated the 22d year of his Pontificate.
On receiving the congratulations of the Cardinals,
Archbishops, and Bishops who had come to Rome
from all parts of the globe, the Pope made a speech
which excited profound attention from his audience.
"The Vicar of Jesus Christ," said his Holiness in
conclusion, " will always raise his hands to Heaven.
Support, as was the case with Moses, his arms en-
feebled by age." The fete of the 27th of June,
to celebrate the eighteenth secular anniversary
of the Martyrdom of • St. Peter and St.
Paul, will be one of splendid eclat, and
will afford another striking proof of the vene-
ration and affection entertained by the population
of Rome, as well as the universal Catholic body,
towards the Holy Father.
The Empress has resumed her kind and benevo-
lent visits to the charitable institutions of Paris.
Accompanied by the Princess Eugenie de Leuchten-
berg and the Grand Duchess Maria of Russia, her
Majesty has successively visited the institution of
Sainte Pelerine, the prison of St. Lazare, where
young female criminals are provided for, and the
Imperiale Maison of Charenton. The Empress
made minute inquiries, and expressed a desire to
assuage the condition of the inmates, and to add to
their reasonable comforts. Crowds were collected
around all these establishments, and cheers of de-
voticw, loyalty, and affection greet her Majesty
everywhere.

The Emperor yesterday reviewed a Tortion of the
troops of the Imperial Guard and the First Corps
d'arniee in the Place Carrousel. His Majesty was
accompanied by Prince Humbert, the Viceroy of
Egypt, the Count de Flandre, and Prince Arthur.
Marshal Niel, the Minister of War was also present.

The Emperor, having passed successively in front of
all the lines, took his station opposite the Pavilion
de l'Horloge and distributed the rewards to many of
the soldiers. The defile was executed with remark-
able precision and effect, in the midst of continual
cries of "Long live the Emperor," "Long live the
Empress," and " Long live the Imperial Prince."
Prince Napoleon yesterday assumed the Presi-
dency of the Interrational Monetary Commission.
In opening the proceedings, his Imperial Highness
remarked upon the importance of the object in
view, and insisted upon the necessity of com-
ing to some practical result without any delay.
He hoped the subject would be discussed in a
spirit of conciliation, and that mutual sacrifices of
opinion would be made, if necessary. The meet-
ing expressed cordial approval of these sentiments.
Upon the proposal of Count d'Avila, the repre-
sentative of Portugal, two resolutions were unani-
mously agreed. to--one expressive of grateful
thanks to the Emperor for appointing Prince Na-
poleon as President ; and the other expressing the
thanks of the Commission to M. Parieu for his
conduct while presiding as Chairman previous to
the appointment of Prince Napoleon.
Count Bismarck, who has leave of absence for
a long period, has retired to his chateau in Pome-
rania, and will not resume his functions till the
August, when the Federal Council will
absence, M. de Thule, Under-
amaosenalthbloe.f
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs will perform
the duties of Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Accounts from Florence state that a body of
foolish young men, armed, to the number of 200, a
few days ago attempted an invasion of the Pon-
tifical territory near Terni. They were arrested by
the Italian posts of observation, after having passed
the frontier. About 60 were captured and sent to
prison. The rest of the troop succeeded in escap-
ing. No importance is attached to this insensate
attempt at mischief, which is disavowed equally
by the revolutionary party and the agents of the
Roman Democratic
,Committee. This manifesta-
tion is an isolated act, having no connection with
political feeling in Italy. Garibaldi has nothing to
do with it.

On Tuesday evening there was a grand banquet
at the International Club at the Exhibition to the
founders of the Central Union of the Fine Arts, ap-
plied to industry. More than 300 persons were
present, and there were speeches and toasts in be-
half of the connection between art and industry.
Letters from Vienna state that the Emperor and
Empress of Austria will certainly arrive at Paris
towards the end of July. They will come incognito,
accompanied by M. de Bsust.
A grand banquet is to be given this evening to
the Viceroy of Egypt by the City of Paris. The
Viceroy makes the most of his time. Yesterday he
was at the Exhibition in the Champ de Mars.
Early this morning 'he went to the Agricultural
Exhibition at Billancourt, and to-morrow I shall
send some very interesting particulars connected
with his visit.- In some countries people seem
to do business while asleep. • At least this was
the case with the Viceroy of Egypt when
he went to the Exhibition in the Champ
de Mars. He seemed fatigued immediately
after his arrival, and proceeding to his parlour
he stretched himself comfortably on the sofa, and
said he should have a quiet nap. His highness,
however, said to Mr. Itaiinbeaux who accompanied
him, "While I ate asleep go and buy me a feW
curiosities." In answer to the question, the Vice-
roy told M. Rahnbeaaux he was not particular as to
what he bought. He might buy what he liked.
M. Raimbeaux upon this hint took a tour of inspec-
tion, and bought some " unconsidered trifles" to
the amount of 200,000 f., while the Viceroy was
enjoying his siesta, so that he must have been wide
awake while the Viceroy was asleep.;
There is again a wondeeful change of weather.
After a very cold morning, in the afternoon it be-
came oppressively hot.
Paris is inundated with alarming reports about
Mexico. One of the latest is that the eity of Mexico
has been captured by Juarez.
A grand banquet of 8,000 covers is to be given
by the Exhibitors to the Emperor. It will take
place in the Tuileries gardens, by permission. M.
Schneider, President of the Legislative Body will
preside.

LATEST INTELLIGENCF,

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

TIIE REPORT ON THE CHURCH PRO-
PERTY BILL.

FLORENCE, June 27 (Evening).

In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies
Signor Ferraris presented the report of the Com-
mittee upon the bill for levying an extraordinary
tax on the ecclesiastical property. The report is
fixed for discussion after the Budget.
The following are the proposals of the Com-
mittee :—The unification and extension of the laws
for the suppression and conversion of all ecclesi-
astical property, excepting only such as may be-
long to the parishes. An extraordinary tax of 30
per cent. is to be levied on all the ecclesi-
astical property converted. All landed pro-
perty of the Church is to become the property
of the State, and be managed and sold by provincial
commissioners, who will be superintended by a
central commission. The duty of the latter will
also be to control the financial operation, to fix the
sale price of estates, as well as to issue mortgage
bonds specially guaranteed by these estates, and re-
deemable at par in 15 years. This operation is to
be continued until the advance of 400 million of
Ikea on the value of these estates can be obtained.
In conclusion, the report points out the neces-
sity that these financial operations should be accom-
panied by the strictest economy, and also combine
with a reform of the system of public accounts and
of the collection of taxes, and with an improvement
of the ordinary budget by means of new taxes.
The Minister of the Interior, replying to. a ques-
tion, said that he would take measures to prevent
an early prorogation of Parliament. The Chamber
then passed to the discussion of the budget of the
Minister for Foreign Affairs, and some of the
Deputies asked that reductions should be made in
atic agents.
the salaries of the diplom

The Nazione of to-day states that Signor Ferrara
had tendered his resignation, and that Signor
Rattazi had assumed the portfolio of Finance ad

interim.

The Gazette contradicts the rumour that General
Cialdiul had tendered his resignation, but confirms
the fact that General La Marmora had resigned,
but that his resignation had not been accepted.
Several cases of cholera have taken place at
Rome.

PORTUGAL. .
LISBON, Juno 27 (Evening).
The Chamber of
Peers have sanctioned the
treaty of commerce
with Turkey, of extradition
with Spain, the
implements, and the Lisbon Water-
works Bill.

Al ERICA.

NEW YORK, June 27.

Mr. Johnson has been cordially received in Bos-
ton, and, en route, there made a few brief concilia-
tory speeches.

It is reported that Maximilian has been pardoned
and banished.

The royal mail steamship Russia and the William
Penn arrived here to-day.
Gold, 138. Sterling exchange on London, 110 ;
5-20 United States Bonds, 1104 ; Illinois, 122 ;
Erie, 64. Cotton : Middling upland,
26i ; petro-
leum, refined, 24.
SOUTHAMPTON, June 28.
The New York and Bremen Company's steamer

Baltic, from New York, passed the

Needles at

4.35 a.m. to-day.

WRECK OF THE AMERICAN FRIGATE
SACRAMENTO.
BOMBAY, June 22.
The American frigate Sacramento has been
wrecked near Cocanada. The crew were saved.

CALCUTTA AND CHINA (HEAVY) MAILS.
GIBR_kLTAR, June 27.

The China leaves here at 7 p.m. for Southampton,
where she may be expected in the course of Tues-
day, the 2nd pros.

FRANCE.
BOURSE, June 27, Three o'clock.—The market
closed as follows :

44 per Cents 9B 90
Do. end month —
3 per Cents. G9 15
Do. end month 69 15
Credit Mobilier
Do. end month
Credit Foncier —
Do. eud month 1467 50
RAIL'

Bank Shares 3300
Italian Loan 52 60
Do. end month 52 72;
Mexican Loan lB
Do. Bonds l3B 75
Spanish Threes
Home Debt

Deferred
WAYS.

For Account.
Orleans BB3 75
Northern 1216 25
Lyons and Mediterranean BBB 75
Southern 576 25
Western —
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian

Lombard 395
North of Spain lO6
S aragos.s a
Roman

80 -

VILLIERS UPON COBDEN.

At the unveiling of the statue of Mr. Cobden at
Salford on Wednesday, Mr. Villiers, who was re-
ceived with great applause, said he very gratefully
acknowledged the favour with which they had re-
ceived the announcement of his name as taking that
part in the proceedings which the committee had as-
signed to him. If he might ascribe that to the friendly
words of the ex-Mayor, or to their recollection of the
past, he assured them he was not only gratified, but
very grateful. But he really thought that some apo-
logy was almost required from him for presenting
himself to them on that occasion, because it was
necessarily one of great interest, and he could not
help feeling that he was occupying the place of one
who would have been able to do full justice to the
occasion. He had no pretensions of that kind, and
had only acceded to the request that was made to
hint from sympathy with the purpose for which they
had assembled, and from the satisfaction which he
had derived from joining those who had met to do
honour to the memory of one whom he very much
esteemed, with whom he was long and intimately as-
sociated, and with whom he had stood side by side in
Lancashire when engaged in that great struggle for
justice with which the name of Cobden must be im-
perishably connected. (Applause.) He should
ever look back with pride to the constant communi-
cation in which for years together he was placed
with that most distinguished person, and he felt there
was nothing that he could say that could heighten
the esteem in which his name was held, or deepen the
sorrow which was universally felt at his loss. He
knew nothing which was more instructive as to the
life and character of Richard Cobden than the uni-
versal outbreak of grief that proceeded from all the
centres of civilisation throughout Europe and Ame-
rica. (Hear.) All regarded him as an enlightened
citizen of the world, whose capacity and disposition
enabled him to benefit his race. (Hear, hear.)
To portray his character and career was impossible
within the short space allowed to proceedings of
that kind ; they must be studied and read in the
history of his country throughout a long and very
interesting.period. (hear, hear.) Thirty years had
elapsed since he (Mr: Villiers) came into Lancashire
.for the sole purpose of making the acquaintance of
Cobden, being prompted to do so by a p:rusal of
his early literary productions. He (Mr. Villiers)
a was then in Parliament, and had already pledged
himself to his constituents to leave nothing undone
to procure the repeal of the unrighteous laws which
tampered with the food of the people. (Hear, hear.)
When he obs'erved the wisdom, information, and en-
lightenment that appeared in Cobden's early works
he became most anxious to take counsel with the
author. Ile felt that his labour had not been un-
rewarded, for the impression of their early interviews
had never been effaced from his mind. At that time,
Cobden was comparatively young, but he (Mr.
Villiers) saw in him a man who had reflected deeply
upon public affairs—who, by travel and study, had
become well informed on all matters passing around
him; and whose views with regard to the improve-
ment of the people of this country were as bold as
they were benevolent—views which in after life he
never had occasion to change. He believed that
peace and goodwill among the nations of the earth
was not merely a sentiment to be preached, but was
also a practical policy—(hear, hear), which, but for
the ignorance and folly of men, and the rulers of
men, must prevail—(hear, hear)—and to the last
day of his life he did not despair that this great ob-
ject might be obtained by generous and enlightened
legislation. If any man would candidly consider
what was the course pursued through life by Cob-
den, he would see what amount of thought, time,
and labour he devoted to that object. At the outset
of his political career he viewed with indignation
the laws and policy of this country, so far as they
dealt with the food and trade of the people. He
saw, and asserted with boldness and confidence,
that those laws not only marred the material pros-
perity of the country, but also that they precluded
everything like moral and social improvement
among the people. (Hear, hear.) From that time
he determined to devote all his energy and powers
to procure the repeal of those laws. He was often
reproached with being a man of one idea, and, in-
deed, with having only objects of trade in view. He
had the courage—which was his great characteristic,
to utterly disregard that reproach---(hear, hear)—
and he said that when he considered the idea and
what it involved, viz., the education of the people,
their moral and social improvement, and better re-
lations with all countries of the world, he was not
afraid of being reproached with being exclusively oc-
cupied with one idea. (Hear.) He was not what
his opponents liked to consider him, merely an
agitator, because he never spoke
.with more truth
than when he said that agitation was wholly un-
congenial to his disposition, and nothing gave him
more pain than to engage in violent action. At first
he could not believe that what was then called " the
Reformed Parliament" would not repeal the Corn
Laws, but he himself was not then iu Parliament.
He (Mr. Villiers) was there, and did not encourage
that notion, but was disposed to believe—an opinion
which had been since entertained by others—that if
the corn laws had not then existed they would have
been enacted by the House of Commons as it was
then constituted, because, although it was not the
intention of the authors of the Reform Bill of 1832,
and was greatly to their disappointment, the interest
which had passed the corn laws was greatly.
strengthened by that bill. Cobden's personal ob-
servations, hervvever, led him to a conclusion oppo-
site to that which he had previously formed, for he
was in the House of Commons one night during a
discussion upon the corn laws, and had .an oppor-
tunity of seeing the demean Our of the House, and
what any man was exposed to who conducted a case
in that House under personal disadvantage and dis-
couragement: Cobden left the House suddenly
that night, returned to Lancashire, and determined
that he would never cease to work or act until the
public should be duly apprised of the character of
those laws and the difficulty of repealing them.
(Hear, hear.) That being his disposition, it was
fortunate that his domicile was in Lancashire.
(Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Villiors) need not allude
to the result of the appeals that were made to the
intelligence, public spirit; and munificence of that
county, how supplies were raised, how the League
was formed, how Cobden became its presiding
genius, and with what infinite effect and talent that
combination was wielded for seven years in conflict
with the Legislature; aye and until the garrison
surrendered--(applause and laughter)—and with as
distinct an object and character as any that existed
two centuries before; when the conflict was be-

tween the Parliament and the Crown ; with this
difference, however, that during the seven years'
war he (Mr. Villiers) did not think there was a
single act of violence or illegality perpetrated in the
case of the League. (Hear, hear.) It should be
mentioned, to the credit and honour of Cobden,
that there never lived a man who was more tena-
cious than he of moral means to attain an end.
(Hear, hear.) What he often stated was true—
viz., that the scheme of the League was to instruct
the nation, and be collected around him by all the
means within his power all the men of intelligence,
learning, and education that it was possible to pro-
cure, in order that they might diffuse information
that was essential to instruct the people. No man
knew better than Cobden what he derived from the
learning and assistance of others, and it was not
consistent with the purity or modesty of his cha-
racter ever to ascribe more credit to himself for
what was achieved than what was due. Indiscreet
admirers might have assigned to him powers almost
superhuman, and said that he discovered the great
principles on which our commercial policy now
rested, and that by his exertions alone the former
prevailing policy had been changed. That was not
Cobden's view. He always hailed with satisfac-
tion any accession of intelligence, or power, or
education that he could obtain. He (Mr. Villiers)
remembered being in Manchester when Mr. Bright
made his first speech, and he remembered not only
Cobden's predictions of the eminence which he
would obtain as a speaker and public man, but also
the satisfaction which Mr. Cobden expressed at
the anticipation of Mr. Bright becoming his col-
league in his future work. (Hear, bear.) Every
one who remembered those times knew how
cordially those two men acted together, and now
they were considered the two giants of the League.
Nor was Cobden properly charged with baying
selfish objects with respect to trade ; because when
the Corn Laws were repealed and free trade was
avowed, Cobden, true to the scheme of his early
life, identified himself with all. those other great
questions- which the people considered essential
_to
their improvement. In all those matters that were
included in the terms Peace, Economy, and Reform,
he became almost an enthusiast. Ile never shrank
from calling on the Government to reduce the
public expenditure, to make the taxation more
equitable, and above all to foster more friendly re-
lations with foreign countries. (Applause.) Cobden
had left records of his views upon all those
questions. But perhaps the subject that he bad
nearest his heart was the one which still was the
most important for us all to understand--namely,
the necessity of maintaining peace with other
nations. (Hear, hear.) Cobden perhaps deserved
more credit for what he did in that cause than for
any of his other labours ; and when posterity came
to judge him, he (Mr. Villiers) believed they would
attach-,most value, to his exertions and writings in
the cause of peace. He (Mr. Villiers) said that
because we were somehow a pugnacious race, and
did not like to be tutored on that subject, those
who preached peace, he feared, were treated a little
like those who preached temperance, and not well
received at first. But Cobden's courage always
led him to state what he believed to be true and
right ; and, in spite of all the reproaches and
charges made against him, he invariably tried to
correct the errors and false impressions which people
had on this subject. His writings as well as his
speeches on this subject were worthy of perusal ;
and his most respected widow had done a good ser-
vice to his memory, as well as to the country at
large, in directing the republication of all that he
had written upon the subject of peace. (Hear,
hear.) Those writings deserved to be studied for
the information and the reasoning they contained.
Cobden hid the satisfaction of seeing the success of
the principles that he advocated on the subject of
free trade ; and it was one of the gratifying results
of that great conflict that we at this day realised
everything that ever was promised or predicted in
respect to it, and to a far greater extent than even
the promoters of free trade had any idea of. (Hear,
hear.) Is would be absurd for anybody to allude
to the technical proofs of such a statement. Men in
that district daily experienced the results of free
trade. In the last year of his life Cobden made a
remark on this subject which was very expressive ;
he said, " The expansion of trade in this country
has been greater during the past 14 years than it
had been for a thousand years before." That might
convey some idea of the results of the change which
had been effected, of the mischief of the laws which
formerly existed, and of the importance of the
labours of those who effected the change. Cobden
was not without his triumphs also in the results of
his peace policy. Ile devoted himself most disin-
terestedly and courageously, not only to the advo-
cacy of peace doctrines, but also to trying to
remove from the public those false impressions that
led to panics, and made them ripe for unnecessary
wars. (Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Villiers) remembered
Cobden, in a most able speech in the House of
Commons, moving an address to the Crown—that
the Crown would interfere with other Powers for
the purpose of inducing arbitration in questions
whereon nations were in dispute with each other.
That notion was treated with derision. The time
had not arrived for it ; but he urged every argu-
ment in its favour which could possibly be adduced.
Within seven years of that time Cobden had the
satisfaction of observing that his identical resolution
had been recommended to the congress at Paris and
unanimously adopted by the representatives of all
the Powers of Europe. (Applause.) We had there
the declaration that it was the duty of States who
were in dispute with each other to seek the inter-
vention or arbitration of some friendly or neutral
Power rather than engage in the hostilities of war.
Had Cobden been spared but for another year or
two, he would have had the satisfaction of observing
the other day the application of that very principle
in the case where war seemed to be imminent be-
tween France and Prussia ; that scourge was pre-
vented simply by the application of that principle
and the intervention of other powers. (Hear,
hear.) He would say, then, that people should
be slow in describing Cobden as visionary when he
talked of the progress that might be made in pre-
venting war and producing more friendly relations
between the different countries of the earth.
Cobden lived in constant apprehension that war
might break out and disturb all the prospects that
he contemplated of the improvement of mankind by
means of better international relations. He felt
certain that, if Cobden had lived, he would have
devoted the rest of his •daya to promoting a better
feeling between nation and nation. It was that
purpose which led him to engage in the negotiation
of the French treaty. He knew well enough that
it was not necessary for a treaty to carry out the
principles of free trade. We had got free trade
acknowledged here; and there was no fear of its
being taken from us ; but Cobden saw the disposi-
tion in the enlightened ruler of France and his Go-
vernment to adopt free trade, and he went heartily
into a negotiation for a treaty, less with the idea of
extending trade than to establish friendly relations
between France and England. (Hear, hear.) That
treaty had important commercial results ; and he
could not help thinking that there was a better feel-
ing now between France and this country than had
ever existed before, and thus Cobden's object
had been realised. (Hear.) On that account we
had, indeed, lost him too soon ; because he be-
lieved that for the future interests of mankind
nothing could be more important than to cor-
rect those notions which led people to engage in
the dreadful calamities of war. We must feel
grateful that Cobden was given to us at the time
in which he lived; and he had not departed.frorn
us without leaving a glorious legacy in his cha-
racter and career, which, if studied, would exer-
cise a most important effect upon the rising
generation. (Applause.) It was gratifying that
the moral of his story was not tainted by the in-
gratitude of his country. Cobden's services were
duly appreciated in his lifetime ; they were re-
cognised by the people at large ; and, to the
credit of the Government, the honours of the State
and of office were placed at his disposal. it was
pleasant to think that he left this world after
having not only seen the success of the measures that
he advocated, but also after having received the
grateful homage of his country for the services he
had rendered. Those who had provided the mon-

urnent about to be inaugurated were also doing their
part in affording useful example to the community.
They were showing that time should not obliterate
the recollection of services rendered, or preclude the
expression of grateful feeling for the results of those
services which were now in daily enjoyment. They`
were directing the attention of the rising generation
to those who deserved esteem, and teaching the
youth of the country how, by undeviating integrity,
perseverance, and devotion to public interests, a man
might acquire honour and fame. On that account
he felt the greatest satisfaction in attending there
that day, and joining in the honour which was being
conferred upon his departed friend. (Applause.).

Mr. Villiers then directed the removal of the
drapery which covered the statue, and the first iln-
presion of the monument was expressed in a round
of cheers.

Mr. VILLIERS said, in the name of the Memorial
Committee, he begged to transfer the statue to the
mayor of Salford, on behalf of the Corporation, who
had undertaken to receive it. It was itupossible not
to admire the production of the art and ability of
the sculptor. The resemblance of the features was
most precise, and the expression of the countenance
was most faithfully pourtrayed. It was a glorious
recollection of the original. (Applause.)

04,1_
&UZI titular.

HER. MAJESTY, &c.

WINDSOK CASTLE, June 27.

The Queen, accompanied by her Royal Highness
Princess Beatrice, drove in the grounds yesterday
afternoon.

Countess Blucher had the honour of accompanY-
ing her Majesty.
The Queen of Prussia went out driving, accom-
panied by Princess Louise.
Her Majesty and the Queen of Prussia, Prince'
Leopold, and Princess Beatrice went out in the
grounds this morning. _

Her Royal Highness Princess Louise, attended by
Lady Caroline Barrington and Lord Alfred Paget,
went to London to be present at the Drawing
Room at St. James's Palace. •

His Royal Highness Prince Louis of Hesse, with
his Imperial Highness the Duke of Leuchten-
burg, visited her Majesty and the Queen of Prussia
at the Castle this morning, and remained to
luncheoh.

The Bishop of Rochester was presented to her
Majesty by the Right Hon. Gathorne Hardy, Score'
tary of State for the Home Department, and did
homage on his appointment.

The Rev. Lord Wriothesley Russell, the Deputy
Clerk of the Closet, administered the oath.

After the pre6entation the Right Hon. Gathorne
Hardy had an audience of her Majesty.
Lord Stanley, Secretary of State for the Foreign
Department, arrived at the Castle at three o'clock
to-day, and had an audience of the Queen.
M. Van. de Weyer, the Belgian Minister, al'd
Baron de Cetto, the Bavarian Minister, also arrived,
and were presented by Lord Stanley, and delivered
their letters of recall.
Sir Alexander Malet was presented by Lord
Stanley, and had the honour of an interview with
her Majesty oh the termination of his mission at
Frankfort ; and the Hon. E. M. Erskine also had
the honour of an interview with the Queen on his
arrival in England.
Viscount Strathallan, the Lord in Waiting, was
in attendance.

THE PRINCE OF WALES.
The Prince of Wales, attended by Lieut.-Colonel
Keppel, visited Mr. Swinton's studio yesterday
morning.
In the evening the Prince of Wales and the Prince
and Princess Louis of Hesse dined with the Beigi3u
Minister and Madame Van de Weyer at their resi-
dence in Arlington-street.

The Princes Mary Adelaide of Teck was churc—
hod
on Wednesday forenoon in the private chapel at Kensing-
ton Palace. Tho Rev. Evan Nepean, canon of We'd-
rninster, performed the service. Her Royal llighness the
Grand Duchess• of Mecklenburg-Str,litz accompanied I:°,,t
sister to the chapel. The princess took a carriage cif's.'"
in the afternoon.