The Sun.
London, England, 1858-04-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOND ON, SATURDAY E V _ENING, APRIL 11, 1858

should take advantage. It should be sent into
the market and sold for the benefit of the Trea- 1
sury ; and this, added to the ten millions squan-
dered by Mr. GLADSTONE, would give nearly
double the anticipated deficiency—the damnosa
luereditas bequeathed by Sir G. C. LEWIS to his
successor. In addition to this there was the
sum paid for the redemption of the Sound Daes,
which might, and ought to have been spread over
a quarter of a century, but which was at once
liquidated. This makes nearly thirteen and a
half millions, for which the present tax-payer is
entitled to credit against posterity, and less
than half the amount would enable the
Financial Minister to meet every probable
demand, and the balance would be avail-
able for the reduction of the taxes on pru-
dence, knowledge, and other matters which have
strong claims for the attentive consideration of the
Financial Minister. We cannot, however, at
present, anticipate anything in the way of reduc-
tion. If Mr. DISRAELI does not largely enhance
the imposts by which even Paterfamilias is
assailed, we shall have cause to bless the change
that placed him in the situation occupied by Sir
G. C. LEWIS.

We trust and hope that he will do some-
thing with respect to the income-tax. There
are two millions waiting for acceptance that can
easily be made available in 1859. If the DERBY
Cabinet were so ephemeral as the Times and
Post would wish us to believe, it need not care
much respecting the provision for next year ; and
should therefore not embarrass itself by providing
for the future. But if, as we anticipate, the
Budget should prove satisfactory to the nation—
the foreign policy is all that could be desired, and
the voice of faction is hushed by the knowledge
that the country would not sanction any descrip-
tion of foul play or factious opposition—then
we may hope that Lord DERBY and his colleagues
will remain in power until, by some act either of
commission or omission, they excite the indigna-
tion of the people, and prove that they are not
prepared to legislate in accordance with the spirit
of the age.

The difference between Lord CLARENDON and
Lord MALMESBVRY is becoming more perceptible
every day. The former permitted the English
engineers, WATT and PARK, to linger in a Neapo-
litan prison nine months, while he was courteously
remonstrating with Signor .CARAFA, and asking as
a favour permission for the Euglish Consul to ob-
tain an interview with men innocent of any crime,
who were illegally captured and illegally detained,
under circumstances of the most intolerable cruelty
and hardship. The other has already not only
insisted on good treatment, but obtained their
discharge and restoration to their country. Nor
is that all. A demand for compensation—ample
and liberal compensation—has been preferred ;
and unless we are greatly mistaken, it will
be supported by the irresistible arguments of a
most efficient Envoy Extraordinary.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer clearly ex-
plained the present state of the case last night.

He showed that there were two distinct questions
arising, one of which he properly designated as
" the national," and the other as the " interna-
tional " question. The first referred to the treat-

ment of our countrymen, Warr and PARK. On
that point the present law officers of the Crown
were unanimous. They did not wander off into
specious conjecture, to find excuses for BoarsA, or
to prevent the British Government from demand-
ing justice for the British subjects for the flagrant
grievances to which they were subjected. No,
they delivered a straightforward and intelligible
opinion that " the detention and imprisonment of
WATT and PARK were illegal." The an-
nouncement of this fact was received
with enthusiastic cheers from all sides of
the House, which were, if possible, increased
when it was stated that Lord MALME3BURY bad
already forwarded a despatch to Naples demand-
ing compensation for the grievances experienced
by our countrymen. This is as it should be.
This is indeed maintaining the honour and dignity
of Great Britain, and defending the rights of even
the humblest British citizan. This is no diplo-
matic humbug or vacillation in this course.
e " international" question has not yet been
decided, and for a very good reason. It was
only on Saturday last that most important docu-
ments in reference thereto were, received, and
they were forthwith submitted to the Attorney-
General. But the Right Hon. and Learned
Gentleman has been ever since busily engaged
in reference to the State trial still pending, and
he certainly could not bestow that attention
on the subject, which it so imperatively required.
Nor was it so pressing, for it did not relate to
theinterests of individual citizens, whom Eag-
Itud was bound to protect, but was rather one
affecting the comity of nations—a matter in which
all the States of the civilised world were equally
concerned. On that there must not only be the
opinion of the law officers, but also conferences
with the representatives of other nations, in order

that all may, so far as practicable, act in concert.
We have spoken of a very efficient Envoy Ex-
traordinary, whom we believe to have been sent
to enforce the demands of our Government.
That Envoy is Lord LYONS, and his arguments
will be sustained and supported by the
guns of a British naval squadron the
real peace-makers who speedily disp)se of
every difficulty, and induce opponents to take
very moderate views respecting " vexed ques-
tions." It has been announced that Lord LYONS
has sailed from Malta in some unknown direc-
tion. Tunis was guessed at—but what could
he do at Tunis I There he could not,

by any possibility, be required.
presence in the Bay of Naples would ba very op•
portune. The Royal salute delivered from a
British fleet would be a striking demonstration
that would bring Boanti and his advisers to a
sense of their situation. If L)rd MALMESBURY
has suggested this course it will give additional
reason to rejoice at the advent to power of the
DERBY Cabinet. But even shou'd it not be so,
the decided course adopted in demtndino'
compensation for the injury inflicted on
our countrymen makes the conduct of Lord
MA LMESBDRY stand out in broad contrast to that
of Lord CLARENDON, and shows that, so far as
foreign
affairs are concerned, we have indeed
profited
into private life of
Lord PALMERSTON and his Foreign
the retirement
Secretary.

But hi 3

Yesterday Admiral WALCO TTsustainedrigthLet
honour of the British flag, like a true
goad earnest. Our wooden walls were"
aroncee tsltieillbotahe
boast
L f freemen, "as our heart) of oak,
boast and hope of the nation. The man of all
others who shone forth the most conspicuous iu
our great struggle for independent', and who by
his daring deeds achieved triumphs unequaled,
was adored in his life, only to be for-
gotten after the sacrifice of that life in devo-
tion to his country. We exulted in his
heroism yet delayed to honour his name. At
length stung by a sense of shame for national
nsgleot, the people came forward to erect a monu-
Iment to his memory. But as memorials, on a scale
commensurate with the fame of NELSON, took time

to complete, the Government support was solicited
to do ample justice to the greatest of our naval
heroes. That support was, indeed, accorded—
but so parsimoniously that a foreign Monarch
atept forward to save our national cha-
racter from disgrace by freely subscribing a
large sum ! Still, the proposed honour to
NELSON was tarnished by the beggarly reluc-
tance of men, who, themselves, lived on
the national bounty, and wasted millions by
their folly where a few thousands would have
crowned the memorial with a nation's grateful

sense of glory.
And yet many Ministries promised to com-
plete the column erected to NELSON, but
somehow or other contrived to evade their
promises or forget their purpose. Happily for the
honour of our country, due homage will be done
at last. Admiral WALOOTT brought the subject be-
fore Parliament last evening in a manly spirit, and
much to our delight he was generously supported
by Mr. WILLIAMS—a member who deals more
in substracting from, than in adding to
our national expenses. We gladly re-
cord this to his honour. Mr. WILLIAMS
deserves well of the people of Lambeth,
as does Mr. DISRAELI of the nation at
large. We shall not detract from the noble
eloquence of the-Chancellor of the Exchequer by
any terms of our own, for his praise is now
echoed from the hearts of the British people.
We direct attention to his speech that people
may see with what earnestness he enters into the
subject, and takes upon himself, though crip-
pled by a poor exchequer, the responsibility
of fulfilling the wishes of the country by completing
a monument which shall no longer be a people's
shame, but a nation's glory.

EA &TEST NEWS.

at their head a certain Nasser, an old mameluke of
Mehemet Ali. In the second affair Nasser sur-
rounded half of the army of Gorman Bey, and
massacred without mercy all the Egyptian
soldiers who fell into his hands. Arak Bey,
governor of the Soudan, is animated with the
best intentions ; but it must not be concealed that
it will be long before the savage and warlike nations
confided to his management will admit Egyptian
rule, and that it will require the most persevering
efforts on the part of Said Pacha, and a consider-
able force, to reduce them to submission."

A letter from Mostar of the 2d. says :—" The
Turkish troops are still in the camp of Stolaz, and
it is not improbable that hostilities will soon break
out. The commanders Kadri Pacha and Selim
Pacha have 12,000 men, one-third of them regular
troops, and 2,000 irregular cavalry, under their
orders. The greater part of these troops are only
at two days' march from Trebigne, but they do
not appear in any haste to arrive there."

According to the Independance of Brussels the
idea of referring the dissension between the Two
Sicilies and Sardinia to arbitration gains favour in
diplomatic circles, and the King of the Nether-
lands is spoken of as likely to be chosen arbitrator.

The Second Chamber of Holland resumed its
labours on the 13th, when M. Rochussen, the
minister for the colonies, explained the poli-
tical programme of the cabinet. It may be
summed np in these few words :—To promote
the better appreciation and the more general
approval of the constitutional ideas of the pre-
sent epoch ; and to speedily realise what the gene-
ral interests of the country most urgently call for.
" Such," the honourable Minister declared, "is
the object of the present Ministry, and the basis
on which its members have consented to take
office."

The Madrid journals of the 12th do not contain
news of much importance. The bill on the hon-
ours to be paid to distinguished men, presented by
the Government to the Senate, enacts that no
monuments to such men shall, be erected at the
expense of the Government, except forty or fifty
years after their death, and then in virtue of a law ;
also that monuments which privdie individuals may
raise shall only be in cemeteries. The committee
of the Congress on the bill on the press had pro-
posed various amendments favourable to journals.

Accounts from Venice state that the Count and
Countess de Chambord are still in that city, but
will shortly return to Germany. M. Berryer has
lately passed a week with the count and countess,
and he subsequently visited the Duchess Regent at
Parma. He has since returned to Paris.

"It is positively stated at Berlin," says the
Cologne Gazette, " that Russia intends to give
notice of the cessation of all her treaties of naviga-
tion andcommerce with other States, and to modify
them in conformity with the new Customs Tariff,
taking the treaty between France and Russia as the
model. The relations of Russia with foreign coun-
tries will thus become more free, and will acquire
more extension. It is thought that the treaty of
commerce between Russia and Prussia will also be
revised."

According to advices from Cattaro, received by
the Cologne Gazette, a band of Montenegrins in-
vaded the Austrian territory on the 2d April and
opened fire on the garrison of Castel-Lustna. They
had hoped by this step to divert the attention of
the Auslrians from a vessel laden with gunpowder
which stood in the offing, ready to run her cargo.
But the Montenegrins were repulsed, and the
vessel was obliged to stand out to sea again.

The Madrid journals of the 11th have arrived.
A. royal decree reorganises the General Commission
Statistics, and fixes the salaries of the commis-
sioners and of its officers. In the Congress the
bill relative to the levy of 25,000 men had been
approved of, and in the Senate a bill relative to the
honours to be paid to distinguished men was pre-
sented. The Espana denies, on authority, that
Borges, the Carlist chief, has reappeared in the
mountains of Catalonia.

LAW INTELLIGENCE—(This Day.)

VICE-CHANCELLORS' COURT.
(Before Vice-Chancellor Sir John Stuart.)
BROOK V. BROOK.-MARRIAGR AT ALTONA OF A BRITISH

SUBJECT DOMICILED IN ENGLAND WITH THE SISTER

THE FORTHCOMING BUDGET.

(From Ike Times.)
For producing a really strong effect there is nothing
like putting great things in a scan compass. Year ago,
whe❑ country cousins were brought once in their lives
to London, and introduced to the novelty of city scenes,
they used to be taken to the Bank of England, where
they were shown, among other marvels, 1. small cinder
about half the size of a walnut. After being permitted
to handle and examine for a minute or two this unpro-

mioing relic they were told that it represented about
seventy millions of money—real genuine money, such
as rents were 'phi in, and all the business of life trim.
sacted with. The simple truth was, that the little cinder
formed the ashes of the bonfire which had been kindled

with the disused and cancelled 13anliofEngland notes,
but wonderful was the impression created by the con-
trast between the reality and the symbol. At this mi-
nute, however, there lies before us a piece of papor, the
appearance of which is still more extravagantly at vari-
ance with its import and its disclosures. In dimensions

it is not half as large as a playbill. It is not thickly
ccoeered with figures, nor anything like so difficult to
comprehend as a railway time-table. To be sure, the
items of the account seem rather large, but sot much
larger than those in a Portuguese hotel bill, where your
reckoning is made out in reis, and where a light and tem-
perate refection appears to have cost you about 18,000
pieces of some coin or other, Vet this short, compact and
easily calculated account, which might be entered without
much compression on two pages of a lady's pocketbook,
actually contains the whole income and the whole ex-
penditure of the British nation, not only to a single
pound, but to a single penny. The entire cost of every
kind of public outgoing is summed up, item by item, to
an odd eightpenoe ; and the entire produce of every
species of tax is given to an odd threepence. So com-
pendious is the exposition that in introducing it to tke
reader we shall rather expand than contract it, but the
end will be such a " ready-reckoner" as will make every
man a match for the Chancellor of Exchequer when he
opens his Budget next Monday. One thing only need
be premised—though rather a significant one, certainly,
and that is, that the unit of notation is a million of
pounds sterling.
With this preface, however, let it be understood that
our income, in round numbers, amounted to 68—that is
to say, 68,000,0001. How was it obtained ? In this
manner :—Duties laid upon imported commodities,
lumped under the name of " Customs," produced
23,000,000/. ; duties levied on commodities of home
manufacture, 18,000,0001. ; and Stamp Duties,
7,000,000/. Taxes, properly so called, yielded only
3,000,0001. ; for, though in common conversation we
apply this term to every species of impost paid into
the public treasury, it is confined in official accounts
to those particular duties which are laid upon
land or "assessed " on certain well-known luxuries.
Here, in rough reckoning, is 50,000,0001., and this
sum —or, as we should rather express ourselves, the
sum derived, whatever may be its amount, from these
sources—constitutes what may be called the regular in-
come of the nation. Odd things come in besides, just as
they might in any private household. There are
" miscellaneous" receipts ; bits of "lucky money" from
some quarter or another, bringing in a million or two ;
and, in addition to these, the State manages the Post-
office at a profit, and gets another easy million out of
that. Call the whole 56,000,0001., and it will be some-
where about the mark. But then there comes something
beyond the regular income—something raised under
pressure on extraordinary principles to meet extraordi-
nary demands. Such is the Property and Income-tax,
which produced last year 12,000,0001. Add this to the
55,000,000/. and the gross amount of the whole national
revenue-67 millions odd—is pretty clearly obtained.
And, now, where did all this money go to ? Here is
the wonderful and not very comforting discovery. We
didn't spend or want to Tend for our own particular
and actual domestic requirements one-sixth of this sum.
All our civil services of every kind and description
could be paid for by 10,000,000/. All that we should
need if we were never going to war again, or had never
been to war already would be covered, or nearly so, by
that sum. Then what became of the balance of
57,000,000/. ? We can very soon answer. Fully
half of it or all but 29,000,000/.—vvent to
pay the interest and charges of our perma-
nent and floating debts—to satisfy the creditors of
whom we borrowed money in times past. On the other
half, 23,000,0001. goes to the army and navy, and about
5,000,0001. is consumed in getting the above-mentioned
revenue fairly in ; for now, owing to an improvement
in the public reckonings, all items of income are brought
to account in the gross, and the expenses of collection
charged afterwards. Here, then, is the expenditure of
the country simplified to anybody's satisfaction.
It is a sad thing to look at—a very annoying thing to
find, that such a prodigious amount of money runs away
upon old scores and insurance, while such a much
smaller sum would meet all our present occasions. This
is very disagreeable, no doubt ; but it comes of
human nature, after all. The stoutest economist in
the country has probably just such another account in
his own private ledger. He borrowed money to start
with. and has got to pay interest on it. He inures his
I.fe and property highly for the sake of those who come
after him, and, what with local rates and taxes, sub-
scriptions and sacrifices, be finds that out of 1,0001. a-
year income he is hard pressed to find an odd 501. for a
holyday. The most precise housekeeper in the quietest
town in the kingdom knows perfectly well, and will
feel as she reads these lines, that what she eats or
drinks or spends upon herself comes to a mere no-
thing in her whole yearly expenditure. She may
scrape and save as she pleases, but the money is
stare to go. People knock at the door for it every day.
It is carried off by one man ulcer another on some pre-
tence or another, till next to nothing remains behind.
Whether the establishment is large or small signifies
little ; the difference is only in degree, not in kind, It
is the "establishment," in any case, and not the indi-
vidual, which swallows the money up.
Then, what have we ever gained, or what do we gain
now' Everything that makes us what we are, Folly,
utterly profitless folly, there has been, no doubt; but
there is really a return for these outgeiugs, though it is
commonly overlooked and forgotten, both by the nation
and by individuals too. The individual gains that very
quiet and comfoit in which he passes his day—the abso-
lute peace of the town and highway, the infallible secu-
rity for property and life, the comparative purity of the
air around him. The nation gains its character, its re-
putat'on, and its safety—a safety which enabled us,
even in war time, to traverse the seas with perfect
freedom, and which has never for centuries been dis-
turbed by the presence of an enemy in these islands. It
would be far better if wars could cease, but it would
also be butter if crime could cease. The army, after
all, is not a more painful necessity than the police. The
money spent upon courts of law, prisons, penal atttle-
tnente, and penitentiaries is spent quite as unsatis-
factorily as that lavished upon iron ordnance and
rockets. If the world was a sinless world we should
escape all these burdens together ; but its way is linked
with that of the flesh and the devil, and we must face
things as they stand.
There is another fact, however, and one of some little
consequence, which ought to be noticed in any business-
like sketch of a balance-sheet. The ends didn't quite
meet ; in fact, we were mere than 2,000,400/. short last
year. But upon this it should be remarked that we paid
an extraordinary million and a quarter as compensation
for the Sound Dues, and 2,000,0001. for redemption of
Exchequer Bonds, otherwise the balance would have
been on the right side of the account. Then our means,
as at present arranged, will fall off next year ; for, as
our extraordinary demands are presumed to be ceasing,
our extraordinary supplies will bediminished accordingly,
and the Property and Income-tax fell 2d. in the pound
on the sth inst. This deduction will shear off a tolerable
slice from the 12,000,0001. without a corresponding
saving being yet visible en the other side. To get over
this hitch on the best terms practicable will be the duty
of Mr. Disraeli, and we have only to wait till the day
after to-morrow to learn how he succeeds.

NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.

We understand that Major-General Gascoigne will
succeed to the colonelcy of the 69th Regiment, rendered
vacant by the death of General S.r Ralph Darling.
Maig-General Lord Rokeby, K.C.8., has during the
last few days been engaged in his half-yearly inspection
of the Foot Guards.

The Hero, 91, line-of-batt!e screw steamer, proceeded
as far as Gillingliarn•reach after her launch from Chat-
ham Dockyard ma Thursday afternoon, and yesterday
was towed to Sheerness Dockyard to be supplied with
her machinery. The launching draught cf this vessel
was 18 feet 3 inches forward, and 19 feet 7 inches aft ;
her " break" in launching was only 2 inches.
The Duck freightship, %Veal mater, has completed
taking in her war stores at Chatbam dockyard, and will
sail for Portsmouth this day.
The Aid is being laden at Chatham with war stares
fur Devouport and Pembroke dockyards.
The undermentioned qualified cadets from H.M.S.
Illustrious have been removed to H.M.S. Victory :
Messrs. W. J. S. Wharton, C. Johnstone, J. Hop-, A.
Hutchinson, A. D. Douglas, F. Dodsworth, W. Jocelyn,
A. H. Do l3oulay, W. H. Braekenbury, and J. Hext.
The freightsbip Flying Foam, laden with war stores,
yesterday embarked a number of rockets from Woolwich
Arsenal, and sailed for her destination. The trei4htship
Millicent was yesterday appointed by the War Depart-
ment to ship stores from Woolwich for Newfoundland.
Her Majesty's paddlewheel steam sloop Gorgon, C .m-
-rnander Joseph Dayman, employed last year in bringing
home the valuable cargo of marble antiquities from
Budrum Bay, yesterday hauled a!ongside the coaling
wharf in Woolwich basin and commenced taking in
fuel and sea stock. Many of her late officers and ship's
company have been re-appointed under the new commis
sion, the whole of whom have taken up the r berths on
board. Her sailing orders have been issued for the 24th
inat., whence she is to proceed to Plymouth to join the
Agamemnon fur a trial cruise in paying out the electric
cable.

ENCOURAGEMENT TO LIFE INSURANCE BY THE POST-
OFFICE —The operation of the regulations for encourag-
ing provident ha bite amouv the Post-office employes by
aiding them to enPure their lives, thus satisfactorily
excinvilied timing the past year. The amount in
aid of premiums in 1857 was 2,1291., and the amount f,ir
which the officers who received aid bad insnred their
lives was not less than 280,0001. These facts strongly
demonstrate the providence of the Post-office officere.—
CWil Service Gazette.

CORK BUOYS FOR LETTER-BOXES —Had those been
in general use 18 months ago, when the late Queen of
Oude, in the hurry to embark, in the East
dropped a box containing precious stones, & amount-
Mg to 50,000/., ai a prebent to our Queen, and
although it happened in port, has never been found by
the divers, the same might easily have been recovered.
—Givi/ Service acczette.