The Sun.
London, England, 1867-08-05 00:00:00

reserved manner with any ladies who failed to fol-
low her example in this matter, and it was not long
before she had effected a complete reform.
" It was the custom at that time for all the Court
of Sardinia to attend Mass every day at eleven
o'clock. Marie Clotilde never missed attending it
with the most edifying devotion, but the public
ceremonial did not satisfy her devotion. She
always heard Mass early in her private chapel and
communicated three times a week. On all occa-
sions of popular feste at the various churches,
however, she was always to be found among the
crowd, and kneeling at the altar in the midst of
the poorest. She joined the Confraternity of our
Lady of Humility and the Visitation already esta-
blished at Turin for works of charity, aspiring to
no prominence as founder or promoter, but ful-
filling all its obligations in the most unostentatious
way. The devotion of the Sacred Heart had been
established about a century in the Monastery of
Paray-le Monial, Marie Clotilde introduced it at
Turin and fostered its establishment. She fre-
quently took advantage of her privilege as a Queen
to assist at the offices of religious communities,
and when she did so she never suffered the least
infraction of the rule in her favour. She was
equally exact in fulling all the requirements of her
position, and made it her study to combine what
1 she owed to God with that which she owed to her
Court, so that she might be wanting to neither.
This conduct won for her the esteem and love of
all hearts, and no less admirable was the assiduity
and endurance with which she tended her royal
husband during the long weeks of his frequent
illnesses.
" The day of trial, however, was at hand ; we
can hardly picture to ourselves the anxieties she
must have endured while the Revolution was mow-
ing down her family one after the other, and driv-
ing into exile those who escaped its deadly hand.
Nor was this all ; before long, it pursued her into
Italy. First, her father-in-law, Victor Amadeus
111. was attacked, and after several fruitless contests
forced to submit to an ignominious peace, by
which he had to give up Nice and Savoy. His
death, in 1796, made her a Queen ; but a Queen of
a distracted State. Conjointly with her husband,
she laboured day and night to restore order, but
within eighteen months of their accession a
decree of the Directory annexed Western Piedmont
to France, and the country round Novara to the
Cisalpine Republic, afterwards called the Kingdom
of Italy. Marie Clotilde and Charles Emmanuel,
after twenty-three years' residence at Turin, where
they had been known only by their good works,
thus became exiled wanderers. It would be too
long to narrate in detail all the hardships they had
to endure till they found a refuge, first, at Parma,
and somewhat later at Florence. Driven out thence,
they contrived to reach the Island of Sardinia where
their authority was still acknowledged. When the
Queen landed at Cagliari she was attended by one
waiting maid to represent her Court ; the royal
pair were; however, received with loyal enthusiasm
by the inhabitants. During the whole time of
their stay her husband's health was so indifferent
that she was entirely occupied as a sick nurse. It
was another sorrow for her when she heard of Pius
VI. being dragged by the Revolution from prison
to prison, till he died at Valence. These griefs of
those she loved and venerated were the heavier to
her in that she seemed to be wholly devoted to
others, and to make their sorrows her own ; it was
frequently remarked by those about her that :she
was never heard to complain of any personal

suffering.
" She was not long left in the peace of her island
retreat ; the climate was manifestly prejudicial to
her husband's constitution, and he was earnestly
invited to return to the continent to take part in
Souvaroff's expedition, which it was expected was
to drive the French out of Piedmont. They returned
to Florence accordingly in 1799. Subsequently we
hear of them at Rome and at Naples. Then came
the eighteenth Brumaire, and the treaty of Lune-
yille, which, though it confirmed the spoliation of
their continental dominions, yet assigned Tuscany
to the Infant of Parma, under the title of King of

Etruria.
" All these vicissitudes had shattered the health
of Marie Clotilde. On the Ist March, 1802, though
feeling very ill, she went as usual to the Church
della Trinith to hear Mass, but on her return she
was forced to go to bed. All through the painful
illness which succeeded her resignation never gave
way ; she was throughout convinced that she
would not recover, and devoted her attention to
preparing for the end. She requested those about
her that her funeral might be simple and unos-
tentatious, and that her body might not be em-
balmed. Her one trouble was the consideration of
the terrible effect her loss was likely to have on
her husband; she entreated her confessor to pre-
pare him tenderly for what he had to expect, and
to put before him the example of the Virgin Mother
parting from her Divine Son. His pious resigna-
tion was:a source of consolation to her in her last
moments. On the 7th March, the first Sunday
in*Lent, feeling a little better, she confessed again,
heard Mass, and communicated. An hour later she
asked for Extreme Unction in a failing voice. It
was immediately administered, but, though she
did not lose consciousness, she never recovered
strength to speak again, and expired the same

evening.
" When her body was laid in state, the people
of Naples, who had deeply appreciated her piety,
came in crowds to visit her, begging as relics
the smallest particles of anything that had be-
longed to her. We have already mentioned that
the Pope ratified the popular vote by declaring
her Venerable Six years later.
" A short time after her death, Charles Em-
manuel abdicated his right to the kingdom (at that
time reduced to the Island of Sardinia), and re-
tired to a House of the Jesuits in Rome, where
he died in 1811. His two brothers, Victor
Amadeus IV. and Charles Felix, followed him suc-
cessively on the throne."
A letter from Aix-la-Chapelle, dated July 28,

says :
The Ileiligthtunsfahrt is now over, having been
closed by a most magnificent procession, which took
place on the afternoon of Wednesday, the 24th.
From the date of my last letter the weather was
most unfavourable for the pilgrims; not one day
was without rain, and almost every day we had
heavy showers, or even sometimes incessant rain
at the very time the relics were exposed from the
tower, yet the faith of the people withstood all
these disastrous influences. The crowds remained
the same ; even during the heaviest rain there was
no perceptible diminution. of numbers. On Satur-
day, the 20th, I, with some English friends, made
the round of the other churches containing re-
markable relics. We first drove to St. Adalbert's,
a curious old church situated on a rock close to
one of the gates of the town, where we arrived
at three o'clock, just as the relics were being
shown to the pilgrims. Aix-la-Chapelle is so rich
in relics it is impossible for me to mention a tenth
part of those we saw and venerated this day.
Among others at St. Adalbert's are :—Part of the
manger in which our Saviour was laid after His
birth ; part of the sponge in which vinegar was
given Him to drink ; a thorn of the crown of
thorns, and a particle of the Holy Cross, besides
relics of St. Adalbert, St. Henry, Emperor,; St.
Sebastian, St. Lawrence, St. Mary Magdalene, St.
Christopher, St. Stephen, martyr ; and St. Stephen,
Pope, St. Bartholomew, St. Nicolas, St. Benedict,
St. Agatha, St. Lucy, St. Agnes, St. Walburg, St.
Gertrude, and others. From St. Adalbert's we
drove to Borcette, where, in the church of the
ancient Abbey of St. John the B aptist, most pre-
cious relics are preserved. This abbey was first
a house of Benedictine Monks, but, in 1222, was
ceded to a foundation for noble ladies of the Cis-
tercian Order, who removed thither from their
former Convent of St. Salvator, the remains of
which, with the church, are still to be seen on the
mount of that name, on the opposite side of Aix-
la-Chapelle. The abbey was suppressed by Napo-
leon in 1804, and the church is now one of tilt
two parish churches of Borcette. Here we vene-
rated magnificent relics of St. John the Baptist,
the Holy Innocents, St. Lawrence, particles of the
great relics, i.e., of the robe, of the Blessed Virgin
and the swaddling clothes ; a particle of the purple

mantle of our Lord, of the pillar to which He was
bound, of His dress, of the scourge with which He
was scourged ; relics of St. Paul, St. James the
Minor, St. Francis of Assisium, St. Boniface, St.
Lucy, St. Catherine, St. Louis of France, &c. One
relic, most particularly interesting to my compa-
nions and myself, was the haircloth penitential
garment worn by St. Margaret of Scotland.
From Borcette we proceeded to the former Church
of the Carmelites, now in the hands of the nuns of
St. Charles Borromeo, in which the treasure of
relics formerlx belonging to the house of regular
canons of St. Augustine is now preserved. The
most remarkable of these relics are, a part of the
linen with which the face of our Lord was covered
in the house of Pilate, when He was mocked and
struck ; a cloth impregnated with the sweat of our
Blessed Lady, with which she wiped her face when
visiting the scenes of the bitter passion of her Son
after His ascension into heaven, and a part of the
linen in which the body of St. Lawrence was laid
when taken from the gridiron ; this relic is most
remarkable, the stains of blood and fat being still
quite evident.
In all those churches we were much struck by
the devotion of the people. At the hours fixed
for showing the relics the middle aisle was filled by
alongon whi elyanal7ow passage was left in
theio centre, the priests passed, bear-
ing in their hands one relic after another, show-
ing Pus crowds
them with the greatest patience and devotion
to all, and touching them with the countless rosa-
ries, medals, &c., held out by eager hands. On
our way from Borcette to the Teresian Church, we
had stopped at the Convent of the Infant Jesus,
where the relics belonging to the congregation
were exposed in the church. The sisters of this
order are well known by their exquisite embroi-
deries—perfect imitations of the most beautiful
specimens of ancient vestments. Only a_month or
two ago the Holy Father gave well-merited testimony
to the value, as works of art, of their productions,
and the devotion excited by the beautiful pictures
formed by their needles, as well as to the immense
good done by their congregation in the education
of poor children all through Germany, in a beau-
tiful letter he addressed to the Superioress to thank
her for a magnificent chasuble sent to him for
Easter. Unfortunately, it only arrived on Easter
Monday, to the Holy Father's great regret, as he
would have wished to wear it on Easter Sunday.
Specimens of church vestments, worked by the
sisters, were exposed in a hall d • tiring the Heilig-
thumsfahrt, but Catholic •'t visi ors to Aix-la-
Chapelle are at all times admitted into the
sacristy to see the vestments. I should advise
anyone interested in the
decoration of altars to
enter the church of this
convent on one of the
great feasts, for nowhere can one see more ex-
quisite taste displayed. The good sisters spare
no pains, and one knows not which most to
admire, the beauty and quantity of the flowers,
or the wonderful variety and charming effect of
their arrangement.
Another morning my friends and myself were
admitted to the chapel of the Holy Cross, to be
touched by the precious relic—the cloth wrapped
round our Saviour's loins on the Cross. I think
none of us regretted the delicate health which
permitted us to get the physician's certificate re-
quired before getting an order from our parish
priest. The large chapel was crowded by the
weak and sick : only in the centre a space was left
for the canon who touched the people with the holy
relic. It was very touching to hear all those pre-
sent praying aloud the rosary and other prayers,
and to see the pale faces lighted up by devotion
and faith. Some were lame or paralytic, and had
to be assisted or carried in and out. In the midst
of the prayers, too, one heard often the wailing
of a sick child, whose mother ,brought it to re-
cover perhaps health and strength from the touch
of the precious relic. Those who knelt in front
were touched first, after which they moved back,
and gave place to others. When a certain number
had been touched, the priest went to the altar,
and after giving benediction with the relic, desired
those who had already been touched to retire
through the door then opened for them, to make
room for others. Once again, at the end, when
all had been touched, benediction was given, and
then the relic was carried again to the tower for
the exposition at ten, o'clock. On our way out,
we met a bishop entering the side-door of the clois-
ters, and were told afterwards he was one of our
Scottish bishops, but I could not learn which. Ile
was in the tower during the exposition of the relics,
but I believe declined to hold them out himself.
One other evening my English friends and my-
self were admitted among those allowed to remain
in the choir of the cathedral after the processions
had passed out, while the holy relics were being
placed in security for the night. As the numbers
of pilgrims increased eaevry day, although no more
were allowed to enter fter eight o'clock, the
church was so full that it was much later before
the body of the church could be cleared. Mean-
while, those who were permitted to remain were
shut into a side-chapel, and only when the church
was empty were we admitted into the choir.
Even here the crowd ,was great, so many appli-
cations were always made to the canons for this
great favour. We were placed in two rows all
round the great choir, face to face, leaving a
passage for the canons. It was nearly dark,
though the last lig
•ht of day still lingered,r ng
up the high windows of coloured glass in the
choir ; while below, and throughout the whole
great church, all was sombre—only relieved by
the candles carried on each side of each of the
relics as they were removed from their places,
and then carried round to be venerated by those
present, ere they were placed in safety for the
night. Not a sound could ea
be h d f
r rom outside
—the doors being tall closed and the walls so
thick. Not a creature was left in the body of the
church, and in the choir all were rapt in adoration.
All was silence, except for the voice of one who
read the rosary, and the responses of the others.
It is impossible to give an idea of the solemnity of
the scene. it was as if we were assisting at the
burial of our Lord. Before the relics were borne
away, we had the unspeakable happiness of having
each of the four relics laid on our foreheads.
One more sketch of our own experiences of the
pilgrimage--our visit to Corneli-Miinster. The
relics there are shown from the tower of the church
in the afternoon, every day during the Aix-la-
Chapelle pilgrimage ; so that those who have seen
the exposition of the relics at Aix in the morning,
have still time to be at Corneli-Miinster for the
afternoon. The crowds, however, are so very
great that it is very difficult tot approach near to
the relics, and therefore my friends and I were
delighted to be included •
m a party who went
thither in the
morning, having been permitted by
the cure to see the relics in private. We arrived
at Corneli-Miinster about ten o'clock. The little
town is beautifully situated in a valley, but on a
hill in the midst is to be seen the ancient parish
church, which, however, is only used a few times
in the year, the present parish church being the
church of the old Benedictine Abbey, which was the
nucleus of the town. The good people of Corneli-
Munster must have suspected our errand, for no
sooner did we enter the church than numbers
began to pour in after us, so that by the time
the cure and h anot er priest brought down the
chest containing the great relics, we could scarcely
make way to the side altar, at which we were de-
sired to place ourselves. Those who had been
invited were formed in lines on either side of the
altar, within the communion rails, while the crowds
from the town remained before the rails. The cure
then gave us a little discourse, to excite us to sen-
timents of fitting veneration in presence of such
august relics, and before showing us the first, the
cloth with which Our Saviour girded Himself when
He washed the Apostle's feet, he read aloud, in a
most touching and devotional manner, that part
of the Gospel describing the washing of the feet,
and in which this same linen cloth, now about to
be shown to us, is mentioned. Then the cure and
one of his vicars held up between them the relic,
walked slowly round so that each of the strangers
could examine it closely and touch it with rosaries,
&c., and held it so high that each one of the
townspeople, even teN the bottom of the church,
could satisfy his devotion. Afterwards, with the
greatest respect, the worthy cur folded up the

ielic, and then, before showing us the second relic,
the linen cloth in which Joseph of Arimathea and
Nicodemus wrapped the body of Our Lord before
laying it in the grave, he read aloud to us the
Gospel describing the burial of Our Saviour. The
two priests now showed thisrelic in the same man-
ner as the preceding one—holding it so that the
light fell on the opposite side, and we could admire
the beautiful design of the raised ,work on this
exquisite specimen of Oriental weaving.

After this relic was laid aside the cure once more
read to us a Gospel, this time that descriptive of
the Resurrection—for the third holy relic which
was to be shown to us is " The napkin that had
been about his head, not lying with the linen
cloths, but apart, wrapped up into one place." The
fabric of this relic is so very fine and gauzy that
we were not allowed to touch it with our rosaries
like the others. It is folded a great many times,
and attached to the centre of a sort of frame of
beautiful embroidery, worked at the cure's desire
by the nuns of the Infant Jesus in Aix. I forgot
to mention, in speaking of the first relic, that there
is a dark stain on a part of the " towel wherewith
he was girded," which the good country people
fondly believe to have been produced by the foot
of Judas.

And now I must come to the last day. The
Archbishop of Cologne arrived for the closing cere-
monies. He it was who sang the Pontifical High
Mass on the morning of Wednesday, and after-
wards exposed the relics from the tower. At two
o'clock the procession was to leave the cathedral,
but the rain fell in torrents, and great fears were
entertained that our expectations of a magnificent
procession would be disappointed. Many, lam
sure, were the prayers offered up for fine weather,
and they were heard, for all of a sudden light was
seen between the clouds in the direction of the
wind, and almost immediately it turned into a
magnificent afternoon, I never saw a more beau-
tiful procession. First of all came long lines of
men.belonging to the differen't societies or guilds.
I did not think of timing them, but had one not
seen the enormous crowds lining the whole length
of the procession, one would have thought nearly
all the men of the town formed part of it. After
the men came the schools, for no women were ad-
mitted, except the members of religious orders
devoted to the poor, and those they care for; the
nuns of the Infant Jesus, with their orphan girls ;
the long line of Franciscan Sisters, of the third
order, devoted to the sick poor whom they nurse
in their own houses ; the nuns of St. Charles, with
their orphan children, boys as well as girls, and the
old men and women they take care of—theirs being
the town poor-house. After more nuns of diffe-
rent active orders came the priests of differen
orders—Jesuits, Redemptorists, Franciscans, and
then the secular clergy in their surplices, and
many of them, especially those belonging to the
Cathedral, carrying the smaller relics. Of priests
in their surplices, not counting the others, there
were 124. Now appeared the magnificent shrines,
sparkling with gold and jewels—one containing
the body of Charlemagne, the other the great relics
which he gave to Aix-la-Chapelle. The value of
these shrines is very great, because of the material
—gold and enormous precious stones, and also
because of the exquisite workmanship. They are
so heavy that, though the first was carried by
twelve Franciscan Brothers, and the second by
as many Alexian Brothers, with several others to
relieve the bearers frequently, we could see that
they could scarcely support the weight. After the
great relics walked the bishops in cope and mitre.
Monsignor Laurent came first, carrying tle reli-
quary containing the girdle ofour Blessed Lady,
and after him came the Archbishop of Cologne,
carrying the girdle of our Lord Himself. Where
but in Aix-la-Chapelle could these be counted
among the minor relics?
After the return to the Cathedral the archbishop
preached, and at the end of his sermon he gave the
special blessing which the Holy Father had sent
o Aix-la-Chapelle and its inhabitants. And now
once more the precious relics were wrapped up in
new silk covers—the former ones having been
divided and eagerly sought as relics; and above
those new silk covers, which are changed every
seven years, each relic was wrapped in the ancient
beautiful oriental silks which belong specially to
them, each of a different colour and design. The
seals were once more placed on the cover of each
relic, and with the same ceremonies as at the
opening, they were laid in the great chest, to be
Ire-opened only after seven years. In the evening
there was a general illumination, but, though the
whole town rejoiced, there was a general feeling
of a want. We had been so accustomed durinot,
fourteen days to have the precious relics exposed
that we have to view difficulty in returning to
our ordinary life.
In my last letter I forgot to mention that it is on
the eve of St. John the Baptist's day the oil-cloths
are spread out in preparation for the pilgrimage.
As one of the great relics is the cloth in which his
head was wra'pped, there is great significance in
choosing that day for the preparatory hanging out
of the cloths. Another curious custom connected
with the pilgrimage is, that on St. Mary Magda-
lene's day, the priest or bishop who exposes the
relics from the tower, may do so with bare hands,
whereas, on all the other days he must wear gloves.
This, I believe, is in honour .of the intimate con-
nection of the great penitent with our Lord and
His Blessed Mother.
I have heard of another remarkable curd pro-
duced by the touch of the holy relics. A priest
had been long very ill—l do not know what com-
plaints he had, but for one thing, he had en-
tirely lost his voice, so that he could only explain
his wishes by signs. He was brought to the cathe-
dral, to be touched by all the four relics. He was
touched by the robe of the Blessed Virgin ; by the
swaddling clothes, and by the cloth of St. John
Baptist. There was some mistake, or at least some
delay, before touching him with the cloth of our
Blessed Lord's loins. The priest got anxious, and
showed by signs his great desire that the last
precious relic should be brought. He was touched
with it, and in the same moment recovered his
voice, and broke out into tears and cries of thanks-

giving.
I fear I have made my account too long. I only
wish your readers could have been present them-
selves. For myself and my friends, I may
say that
we regard it as one of the greatest graces of our
lives, to have been present during the Neilig-
thumsfahrt of Aix-la-Chapelle.

REVIEW OF AMERICAN LITERATURE
AND LITERARY PROGRESS IN 1866.

One of the most admirable and instructive papers
in the last "American Annual Cyclopaidia" is on
" Literature and Literary Progress for the Year
1866." The subject is under two heads ; first, as
relates to the United States : second, as it relates to
the United Kingdom. In the United States
there came out last year 1,905 distinct publica-
tions apart from pamphlets, reports, sermons,
&c. —an increase of 103 on the number of
the previous year. The high taxes tended to de-
press the trade, as they increased the price of
paper and labour, and to which was added not
only a general depression but an influx of Eng-
lish and Canadian books, that in those countries
could be produced cheaper, owing to the lower
price of material and work. The effect was not so
much to diminish the number of publications,
as to limit the sale. The brain of the nation
was as actively employed, but the power of pur-
chasing was lessened, and the result told heavily
against the publishers, who not only supplied in a
greater abundance than ever the literary food re-
quired, but had do so with a narrowed circle of
buyers and a higher -cost of production. In view
of such a position, the paper before us gives ample
proof of the enterprise which characterises these firms.
Before the war the ch eapness of American productions
was proverbial. In every country religious works from
the press of Philadelphia, of Boston, and New York
were scattered broadcast. The traveller in India,when
halting at dak bungalows found in each a neat little
library arranged in a box, which skilfully combined
religious instruction with incident and travel to at-
tract the most thoughtless reader, and to win him
almost unaware to an interest in the things which

these books considered to be of the highest impor-
tance. In those days, American editions deprived
English authors of their copyrights by underselling
them in every country where the importation was
not prohibited by law. The case is now reversed,
as English editions of American works can be pro-
duced cheaper than in the country to which they
owe their origin. During the same period there
were published in London 4,204 new books and
new editions. The article first proceeds to show,
of what the 1,905 American new books were com-
posed. Of these 83 were biographies, of which 18
were collective, 61 individual, and 4 genealogical
works. In history there were 124 works, of
which 7 were general histories of the United States,
or of North America, 13 were local histories of
towns, cities, counties, or States of the Union ; 57
were histories of the recent war, or of particular
battles, campaigns, or corps, or of the action of
particular States or classes in relation to it ; the
history of revolutionary or ante-revolutionary times
were 17 ; there were 15 histories of other countries,
and 15 ecclesiastical histories. In theology there
were 75 works, of which 20 belonged to general
and 55 to polemic theology. In physic and natural
science there were also 75 works ; 1 in natural
philosophy, 9 in chemistry, 4 in botany, 16 in
zoology, 3 in Palaeontology, 35 in geography, 5 in
geology, 1 in ethnology, and 1 in astronomy.
There were but 2 each in intellectual and in moral
philosophy, 4 in ethics, 25 in social science, 8 in
political economy, 31 in mechanical and technolo—
gical science, and 42 in politics and political science.
In mathematics there were 7, in education 31, in
classical literature 3, in law 129, in medicine 94,
in poetry 105, in essays and light literature 65, in
philology 19, in statistics 152, in the fine arts 15,
in music 30, in fiction 241, of which 221 were
general and 20 religious novels ; the number
of juveniles was 390, of which 340 were
religious, 25 tales of adventure, and 25 elementary;
of books of travel and discovery there were 15 ; of
military and naval science 9 ; of agricultural 23 ;
and miscellaneous books 30. In'the department of
General Biography, one of the most interesting
books was a new edition of "Sanderson's Biography
of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence,"
revised and edited by Robert T. Conrad, with an
historical account of their residences, by William
Brotherhead, and portraits and views. This was
an expensive and elegant work. Other works of
the kind were Madame Eugenie Foa's " Coutes
Biographiques ;" " The Women of Methodism, its
three Foundresses, Susanna Wesley, the Countess
of Huntingdon, and Barbara Heck," by Abel
Stevens, LL.D. ; " Southern Generals, their Lives
and their Campaigns," by William P. Snow ; an
enlarged edition of " Our Great Captains, Grant,
Sherman, Thomas, Sheridan, and Farragut," by L.
P. Brochett, M.D. ; Dr. Samuel W. Francis's
" Biographical Sketches of Distinguished New
York Surgeons ;" " Personal Recollections of Dis-
tinguished Generals," by W. F. G. Shanks ; " Na-
tional Portrait Gallery of Eminent Americans,"
portraits by Allouzo Chappel, with biographical
and historical narratives by Evert A. Duyckinek.
Of Single Biographies the number was very large,
and many possessed considerable merit. The
principal works of this class were Professor
H. M. Baird's life of his father, " Rev. Robert
Baird, D.D. ; " " Memoirs of General Louis
Bell, late Colonel of the 4th N. H. Regiment, who
fell at Fort Fisher," by John Bouton ; Rev. Dr.
Gardner Spring's "Personal Reminiscences of his
own Life and Times ;" Mr. John R. G. Hassard's
carefully-prepared " Life of the Most Reverend
John Hughes, D.D., First Archbishop of York ;"
Mr. William V. Well's admirable history of the
"Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams ;" the
charming " Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
(1769-1791), translated from the Collection of
Ludwig Nohl," by Lady Wallace ; Mr. John
Savage's
"Life and Public Services of Andrew
Johnson, Seventeenth President of the United
States, including his State Papers, Speeches, and
Addresses ;" " James Louis Petigru of South Caro-
lina, a Biographical Sketch ;" " Life and Letters of
Leonidas Z. Hamline, D.D., late one of-the Bishops
of the M. E. Church," by Walter C. Palmer, M.D. ,
John Ester Cooke's " Stonewall Jackson, a Military
Biography ;" "The Life of Emmanuel Sweden-
borg," by William White ; "The Life of Blessed
John Bzrchmans, of the Society of Jesus," from the
Italian of Father Boero, S.J. ; " Letters of Life,
an Autobiography," by Mrs. Lydia Huntley Sigour-
ney ; " " Life of Emmanuel Swedenborg," by
Sarah T. Doughty ; " Life of Benjamin Silliman,
M.D., LL.D.," by Professor George P. Fisher ;
" Temperance Recollections, Labours, Defeats, and
Triumphs, an Au tobiograph y ," by John Marsh, D.D.;
" Narratives of the Career of Hernando de Soto in
the Conquest of Florida, as told by a Knight of
Elvas," &c., translated by Buckingham Smith ;
" Eulogy on the late Valentine Mott, M.D., LL.D.,"
by Alfred Post, M.D. ; " Memorial Address on the
Life and Character of Abraham Lincoln," by George
Bancroft; " Prison Life of Jefferson Davis," by
Lieut-Colonel John J. Craven, M.D. ; " Memoirs
of the Rev. William Metcalfe, M.D., late minister
of the Bible Christian Church, Philadelphia," by
his son, Rev. Joseph Metcalfe ; " Six Months at the
White House with Abraham Lincoln, the Story of
a Picture," by F. B. Carpenter ; " Life and Times
of John Milton," by W. C. Martyn ; " William
Farel and the Story of the Swiss Reform," by the
Rev. William M. Blackburn ; "The Christian
Statesman : a Portraiture of Sir Thomas Fowell
Buxton," by Z. A. Mudge ; " Charles Lamb : a
Memoir," •by B. W. Procter (Barry, Corns:fall) ,
" The Life and Letters of James Gates Percival,"
by Julius H. Ward ; "In Memoriam, Right Rev.
"Great in Goodness : a
John B. Fitzpatrick ;"
Memoir of George N. Briggs, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, 1844 to 1851," by W. C. Richards ; " The
Life of St. Vincent de Paul and its Lessons," by
Rev. Thomas S. Preston ; " Half a Century's
Labours in the Gospel," an autobiography, by Rev.
Thomas S. Sheardown ; " Biographical Introduc-
tion to the Writings of Roger Williams," by It. A.
Guild ; " Trials of Inventor, Life, and Discoveries
of Charles Goodyear," by Rev. B. K. Pierce ; " Life
and Letters of John Winthrop," by Robert C.
Winthrop. Only four genealogies are reported
as published during the year.
Of the 4,204 English new books-849 were reli-
gious, 194 biographical and historical, 160 medical,
232 poetry, 190 novels, 544 children's books and
stories, 195 travels, &c., 225 annuals and series, 64
agricultural, 357 philology and education, 84 law,
39 war, 147 science, &c., 79 trade and commerce,
167 politics, 85 illustrated works, 31 art, and 359
not classified. The subject, of.: course, which ex-
cited most attention in the United States was the
history of the war, and most of the historical works
are devoted to it. We are safe in predicting that
for a vast number of years to come it will furnish
materials not only for historians, but for writers of
biography, and still more to writers of fiction. The
paper before us shows the greatest care and dili-
gence in the curious amount of information it con-
veys. We have given the summary from which it
branches into detail, and under each head adds the
title and the author of every book published during
the year. Of course, beyond a few general and
introductory remarks, the compiler does not discuss
the merit of the works he enumerates. Many of
them have been reviewed at length in the periodicals
devoted to literature in the United States. Some
are familiar to us; most we never heard of ; and
the names of several will only pass to posterity as
having obtained a place in the Annual Cyclopedia.

Acording to the 1 ildependance Beige, the object
of the visit of the Empress Eugenie was to show to the
queen the correspondence of the Emperor and Maximilian,
which tends to dispel prejudices entertained in England re-
specting the part played by the Imperial Government.
The Hon. Messrs. Cartier and Galt have declined
the C.B. conferred on them, giving full reasons for this
course.
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Money being about 11 to 2 per cent. in the open market ,
and the returns of the Bank of England and the Bank of
France being so favourable, the directors of the Bank have
reduced the official rate of discount from 21 to 2 per cent.
The cheapness of money will add to the profits of trade,
and it may help to arouse the commercial public from their
present deplorable condition of mistrust. Any return of
confidence will, no doubt, be the occasion of bringing out
many foreign loans. Italy is in want of £24,000,000, and
Russia is negotiating the sale of railways which aro now
open and working at a profit. In France it is expected a
loan will be issued this autumn, and almost every coun-
try in Europe is in want of money to balance their budgets.
As a revival in trade can b:3-soon reasonably expected, it
is not probable that these very low rates can continue
long ; and, although the tendency at present is even being
to lower rates, such a plethora cannot last, and before
long the sluggishness of trade and the absence of all
speculative activity will eventually bring about a revival
which now only exists in the public securities. That it
will come eventually there can be no question, the expe-
rience of former years showing that, after a rapid accumu-
lation of resources, a lull follows which gives place to ex-
traordinary animation. It is difficult to predict when this
development will take place. There are still many limited
liability companies that have not yet been able to right
their position, others are winding up, and the railway in-
terest is still under a severe audit. Time is, therefore,
necessary to restore confidence ; but when a revival takes
place it will be slow at first, but will soon become more
active. At present any advance in prices brings in sellers ;
it is more than probable that the liquidation of out-
standing accounts, after the extraordinary mania of the last
few years, is not yet righted. On the other hand, there
is still an anxious feeling in everybody's mind that the
peace of Europe is in danger, that a war may break out
in the spring between France and Prussia. Such a war
might profit Russia ; but the ruin it would bring down
upon every other country, and more especially on the two
first named countries, is such that it cannot be entertained
seriously. However, Denmark is far from being settled,
and Rome, the moral Power of the earth, has not yet been
made secure for its maintenance. Time only can solve
these political questions ; and, notwithstanding the great
abundance of money, trade continues very inactive, and
it would seem, from the utter absence of confidence, that
no revival can immediately be anticipated.
Advices from Brazil announce a proposition on the part of
the Government to resort to an issue of £4,700,000 addi-
tional paper circulation, in eider to pay off that amount
of floating treasury bills. At the same time an increase
of taxation is contemplated, more than twenty years hav-
ing passed since any addition was made. These measures
are rendered necessary by the war, which all parties de-
plore, although they are unrnimous that it must be carried
on to an honourable termination. At present the expen-
diture is at the rate of £550,000 per month, while the
income is £320,000. A loan in Europe was pronounced by
the Minister to be not only undesirable but impossible, and
although such an operation might be successful at home,
it would, under existing circumstances, be attended with
difficulties. Little opposition, therefore, was expected to
the plan for raising new taxes. The increase of paper
circulation will be against the price of exchange with this
country :it is now as low as 22d. This will be bad for all
public companies having to receive remittances.
Some attention has been called of late to the gold fields
of Nova Scotia ; the quartz veins though in general very
narrow, are many and very rich in gold. Some of the
Government concessions are said to be working at a good
profit, but there is a great want of capital to put up reduc-
tion works to treat the ores near the spot where they are
found. At present the ores are carried to Waverley, some
ten miles the other side of Halifax, where mills have been
erected. The Ovens Gold Quartz Mines Company are now
issuing their shares with the intention to put up works on
their concession, situate on the western side of Lunenburg
Harbour, about sixty miles west of Halifax. The Ovens
promises well, as the quartz which has been sent to Wa-
verley is said to have returned as much as 12oz. to the ton.
Several grants are worked in the county of Lunenburg.
Reduction works, when put up at the Ovens, will be
great acquisition to the miners in that part of the country,
who are now obliged to send to Waverley, and no doubt
will increase the profits of the Ovens Company. With
good management and, economy the Ovens may turn out
well, and the prospectus will, no doubt, be read with
interest.
A meeting was held last week by the Spanish Certificate
holders, to consider A' proposal from the Spanish Govern-
ment for the settlement of that debt, which was unani•
mously accepted. The terms are £45 I.ls. ld. per cent.
of 3 per cent. consolidated stock for every £lOO certifi-
cates. The committee is to receive £1 lls. ld. to cover
their expenses, leaving £54 per cent. for the certificate
holders, which, at the present price of Spanish 3 per cents.,
35, gives about £l9 in cash at the price of 50, which was
'the price of Spanish Stock about two years ago, it would
make about £27.
A meeting of Spanish Passive bondholders has also
taken place, and after some discussion, was adjourned to
the sthlkAugust. It is understood that an attempt
will me hile be made to induce the Finance Minister
to modify his conversion scheme so far as waiving the
stipulation for a money payment. If this point is con-
ceded and the exchange be carried out on the basis of
£BoNew 3 per Cent. Stock for each 100 Passive, the com-
mittee of bondholders will recommend its acceptance.
The late rains have been very prejudicial to the harvest
on the Continent, and there are fears that the yield will
not be much in excess of the crop of last year. However,
fine weather may still bring some improvement. The
markets for corn have been very firm, with advanced.
prices. This, no doubt, increases the general gloom, and
very little business is doing in homelor foreign
—Westminster Gazette. securities.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

NORWICH—SiTuunrr.
White wheat (weighing 631 b), 76s to 78s •, red ditto!
(weighing 631 b), 68s to 748 per qr. Flour, 45s Od to 508 °a
per sack.

NOT TINGHAII—SATTERDAY.
Old white wheat, —sto —a ; old red, sto—s • net
white, 74s to 78s ; new red, 68s to 73s per 36 stone. 'o64'
fine, 38s to 408; new, 28s to 36s per 24 stone. Beans,-
"
—s to —s; new, 48s to 52s per 38 stone. Fine flour, *
to 51s per sack.

LEICESTER SATURDAY.
New white wheat, 68s to 74s •, now red, 58s to 69$ ; ~el,cl'
white, —s to —s; old red, --s to —s per 36 stone. -P„'"Cs
ley, or malting, —s to —s per qr.; grinding, 30s to 021
per 30 stone. Oats, fine, 37s to —s ; new, 26s to 35s Per e •
stone. Beans, old, —s to —8 ; new, 488 to 53s per 38 stop
•
Fine flour, 53s ; seconds, 47s to 490 per 20 stone.