The Sun.
London, England, 1867-07-02 00:00:00

SUN, LOM)Ois, TUESDAY EvENING, JULY 2, 1867.

,n Press.

Sheffield Tray

.., eaten ConaraiseioD. Spirit of the
WOMEN AND JURIES.
At the Bitting of the Court on Friday Mr. Sugg I It appears to be a settled principle of jury-made
said that he wished to offer the evidence of a volun-
Mr. Tyzack with
that offences against chastity may be punished
tary witness to show that on the night
with death by the woman's nearest relative, or, in
was shot at with a revolver he fired the revolver off
himself. default of a male relative, by herself, and that no
warning need be given to the culprit nor explana-
Mr. Tyzack was then recalled, and stated—On the tion asked of him. Moreover, it is no longer neces-
night that he was shot at, in Abbeydale, no woman' sary that he be taken flagrance dclicto in order to
came to him and asked him to take her up
in his warrant his killing, or that the evidence against him
gig. LIP never said to anybody that night that he
be at all conclusive. A simple statement of a woman
was loaded, and could not take anybody up at that
of night. The person who, as he supposed, that a man has insulted or seduced her is now re-
timegarded by juries as sufficient to justify his being
fired a revolver at him was on the right hand I slain unawares, with all his imperfections upon his
side of the road, on the footpath, going to Abbey- head. We might fill a column with illustrations of
dale—on the plantation adjoining Mr. Cockayne's what we are here asserting, in the shape of stories
premises. He and his brother had had revolvers for
of cowardly murders perpetrated by women, or
some years before this occurred—ever since revolvers friends of women, which juries were asked in vain
were invented. They had spent dozens of nights in Ito punish. The last case of this kind is one of
watching their premises, revolver in hand, after de- which everybody in this State is now talking—the
predations had been committed. lie had never in murder of Mr. Iliecock, a member of the Constitu-
his life fired a revolver as he was going home. Ile tional Convention at Albany. He is shot suddenly
was not carrying it when he was shot at—he re- by one of his friends, a Gen. Cole, and in defence of
gretted that he was not, for then he would have his crime the murderer tells three different stories
faced his assailant. He was quite sure he was shot --first, that Hiscock had violated his wife; secondly,
at in 1862, and not in 1859. that he had seduced her ; and thirdly, that he had
Mary Ann Needham, wife of Thomas Needham, simply insulted her—all of them resting on the state-
who was sentenced to four years' penal servitude in ment of the wife herself, who, it appeared, did not
1865, for blowing up Mr. Tyzack's wheel, at Dron- discontinue her intercourse with Hiscock in conse-
field, was next examined. She said her husband quence of anything that had happened. The only
was an engine-tenter. After his conviction she went bit of corroborative evidence drawn from the hus-
with Sam Crookes to Derby to see him. Crookes band's observation consisted, it seems, of highly
asked her to go, and paid her railway fare. Crookes suspicious circumstance that the murdered man
went in his own name, but he told her to say at asked him ono day, " when was he going away ?"
Derby that he was her brother. She stayed in So that if Cole should be- acquitted we shall have
Derby a week. She asked Crookes for money, and fresh support for the theory that any woman who
he gave her some. Before she went to Derby, and has a jealous or crackbrained husband, and little
at different times afterwards, he gave her some, regard for her own reputation, may have any man
amounting to £3 in all. Before her husband was shot or knifed by reporting him as having behaved
sent away from Derby gaol she went to see him, unhandsomely to her. In fact, a bad woman who
CroolLca aaklus Inez to go, and paying her expenses had tried to seduce a man and failed, might in this
as before. Crookes's wife and witness's sister-in- way gratify her rage and desire of revenge by hav-
law and a brother-in-law went as well. On this ing him incontinently " taken off;" and if juries
occasion Crookes gave witness a new dress and allowed this doctrine to take root and flourish, the
bonnet. She applied to him for money be- best and most proper man in the community would
cause her brother, Bradley, told her to do so. hold his life at the mercy of any worthless couple
She lost a child, and Bradley told her to go to who happened to have an acquaintance with him,
Michael Thompson for money to bury it. and might for any reason desire his destruction.
Thompson referred her to Crookes, saying he did The law, we believe, forgives the slaying by
not know her. She said she would make him know a husband of a man taken in adultery ; but it
her. She said this because she thought by her hus- does so not because it approves of the prac-
band sending to Thompson that Thompson knew tics of avenging one's own injuries, but because it
something about what herhusbaud. was suffering for. supposes some injuries to be too great for ordi-
Mary Ann Morton, sempstress, was called by the nary mortals to submit to them in cold blood. In
defence committee to say that when going home to other words, it is presumed that a man who wit-
Abbeydale, one night about nine years ago, Mr. nessed his own dishonour would be sure to lose all
Tyzack, the witness who was shot at, passed her iu self-control. But there is in this no sanction what-
his gig. Immediately after she beard a revolver fired ever for the modern doctrine if A. hears or suspects
off three or four times. A person to whom she spoke, that B. has been ruining his domestic peace he may
Mr. Hall, said it was Mr. Tyzack, who fired it, and go in search of him with deadly weapons, and
added that Tyzack's men were out on strike. The in- whenever he meets him, be it days or mouths
ference the committee wished the Court to draw afterwards, kill him on the spot. In fact, a good
from the evidence was that Mr. Tyzack was in the many of these moral murders are now committed
habit of firing off his revolver when going home, not only in cold blood, but by gentlemen and ladies
and that it was he who fired on the night when he who are not much troubled at all by the loss of
alleged he was shot at either by accident or by their " honour," and sleep just as soundly as if
design. they still had it in their keeping. They kill
Mr. Tyzack was recalled, and denied in every " seducers" simply because it is " the thing" to do,
particular the evidence of the last witness. and the public expects it of them ; or because they
Mr. hall, of the firm of Martin, Hall, and Co., think it will procure them a little pleasing noto-
the gentleman to whom Morton said she spoke riety. Nothing could better prove the debauched
when she heard the revolver fired off by Tyzack, condition of public opinion,
as expressed by
was called, and he denied ever having seen Morton. than juries, the fact that some of the mur-
The evidence she had given, so far as it had derers whose wrongs have excited most sympathy
affected himself, was utterly untrue. have been themselves rakes and adulterers of the
Morton was recalled, and was told by Mr. Over- worst kind, and, after polluting other peo •
end that if she had said that which was untrue, it pie's homes for years, have been supposed
would be the duty of the Court to prosecute her —poor fellows—to be incapable of enduring the
for perjury. The Court, however, would allow her pollution of their own. We all know the way in
to save herself if she chose to withdraw what she which these beautiful justifications of the uncon-
had said. The witness said she was prepared to trollable indignation of the injured husband or the
stand by her statement, and she gave the names of betrayed woman are got up. The murder is gene-
several persons to whom she related at the time rally committed in some public place, so that there
what she had seen. may be plenty of witnesses. As soon as it is done,
Joseph Machin, secretary to the Scythe the murderer, though pale, becomes perfectly calm,
Grinders' Union, said the story told by and surrenders without difficulty, and after giving
Morton was related to him on Saturday by Win. some slight signs of intended but easy-to-be-foiled
SI, .rpo, an.l be asked Alorton to repeat it before suicide is conducted to prison, where he is the.object
the Court. In further exatuivatiou witness admitted of marked attention on the part of the gaoler or his
that a number of rattenings previously spoken to wife, and is waited on soon after by some of the
ha:l been done on behalf of the trade. Witness's liveliest and most graphic members of the " repor-
cash-book was examined, and in 1862, at the time it torial corps." Then come the most delicious mo-
was stated the union found money to seal Need- nwuts of the whole drama. The murderer gives his
ham out of the country to prevent his giving evi- own version of his wrongs, with the delightful con-
deuce against Michael Thompson for having found sciousues.s that he cannot be contradicted, the only
money to pay for the blowing up at Droufield, person who could contradict being dead. He tells
there was a balance in hand of £l2l. The contd.- of his agonies, of " the fire in his brain," his
bution book of the same date showed that the ac- sleepless nights, his horrible misgivings, his early
counts had been falsified, and that the total at the happiness, his passionate love, his wonderful sa-
bottom of each page was considerably less than the crifices for " the frail being" for whose sake he
sum actually received. Witness was still unable to has assassinated ; and down it all goes on paper,
account for these discrepancies. Some of the ba- and soon appears in print. And while the
lances represented that more had been received than tale is fresh the newspapers are never weary
was the case. The page in the cash-book opposite of making additions to it, and the hero enjoys
to the one containing the balance of £124, and the more notoriety than ever he hoped in his wildest
one which most likely contained entries of how that dreams. When the day of trial comes on it is a
money had been expended, had Penn torn from the grand day. The court, is crowded ; the audience
book. By whom and how that was done witness and the jury lay in extra pocket handkerchiefs ; the
could not say. The auditors had passed the books prisoner is dressed simply, but with care, and wears
as they appeared. au interesting and melancholy air. The leading
Thomas Bamforth was called and was questioned masters of balderdash at the bar are engaged for the
respecting the shooting at Mr. Tyzack. lie denied defence, and the defence consists mainly of fulsome
emphatically that the woman Morton had ever men- praise of the assassin and abuse of his victim. All
tioned the circumstance to him. that fustian can do is done to make woman appear
anyen naughtyco mes
th me an
description can seduce,
uc o
e,f
The witness Morton was again called, and she a kind of pretty animal without sense, or discretion,
persisted that her statement was true, and refused to or conscience,
whom
must,
be
e t h let e m
l ou nre_ a
withdraw from it. The Court told her she might be and whom Haughty mennf
h e
husband therefore,
prosecuted for perjury. At present they would not one husband'spa
inofdeatahg.
say what they would do with her. th
Michael Thompson, formerly secretary to the derer. He is presented to the jury as a mad bull,
Scythe Grinders' Union, admitted having been im- whom the mere sight of "the destroyer of his
plicated in the outrage at Dronfield. lie paid money peace" rouses iuto uncontrollable fury, and who
from the funds of the union for the support of has to go about trying to kill him by a law of
the wife of Needham, who was convicted of the his being, just as tigers have to prowl and spring
outrage. He made no entries in his books of the and tear in order to satisfy their hunger. Now we
payment of this money. lle was aware that Need- think the better portion of the public has reached the
ham admitted to Mr. Tyzack that he (witness) em- conclusion that we have had enough of this sort of I,
ployed him to do this outrage. He took little notice thing ; that it is high time that the old doctrine that
of this rumour, and did not see Needham after he premeditated killing, no matter what the provoca-
came out of prison. Witness denied having had tion may be, is murder, and deserves, in the interest
anything to do with the shooting at Mr. Tyzack, of society, to be punished as murder, ought to be,
and he did not find funds to send Needham to reasserted. The only possible excuse that can be
America. put forward for the conduct of juries in refusing to,
Joseph Crossland, secretary to the union of the convict "injured husbands" for killing seducers in
pen and pocket blade grinders, said he succeeded cold blood, is that the honour of wives cannot be
Bromehead, and most of the books when he came preserved in any other way ; but this excuse we
into office had been destroyed. It was said they imagine very few men would be willing to accept as
had been buried with Brouiehead. (Laughter.) valid if presented to them in its naked simplicity.
At a general meeting a question wes raised respect- If wives need any legal assistance in preserving
ing the sum of £7O, which had been invested in the their virtue, it ought to be supplied in the regular
savings bank in the name of four persons, and the way, by making adultery a criminal offence ; so that
names of three were necessary to draw it out. The when a man is accused of destroying anybody's
money had been taken out, and one of the persons, peace, he will at least get a hearing for his version
Geo. Law, complained that his name had been forged. of the affair ; and even if he is to be put to death
Nothing could be learned as to how the money had on conviction, will be put to death with decent
been got or what had become of it, and at a meeting human formalities instead of being shot like a
on the 10th April the following resolution was come mad dog. But pending the provision of legal
to :—" That, after a great deal of investigation, we punishment for these offences, wives and hus-
are of opinion that the £7O was drawn out of the bands must be left to take care of their own
bank for trade purposes ; but, at the same time, we honour, and must find other means of taking
deprecate the manner in which it has been drawn care of It than the use of deadly weapons against
out, and hope in future the committee will be very anybody the wife chooses to point out as her " be-
particular in the mode of doing their business." trayer." We think that, however opinions may
Witness admitted ratteniug was practised in his differ as to woman's fitness for the suffrage, very
trade, but hoped it would soon be done away. Ile few people will be found to deny that, in her pre-
had no doubt the books had been destroyed to eon- sent state of mental and moral dcvelopment, mar-
mil improper entries. tied women, at least, ought to be able to take care
The Court then adjourned until Monday morr of their own chastity, and ought to be made to do
it, and be punished, if anybody is punished, when
it is lost. Their whole training from childhood up
is concentrated on their preparation for this one
duty, and society and the Church have surrounded
the discharge of it with the most terrible sanctions.
Married women, too, have what young unmarried
women have not, the knowledge and experience ne-
cessary to warn them of their danger ; and there is
something false and ridiculous in the poseilar theory
that when they fall they are the innocent victims,
the men the real criminals. Women, to be sure,
are proverbially " frail," but so are men ; and in
the existing state of opinion a woman brings to
the violation of the marriage vow a much stronger
and more deep-rooted sense of the sin of it than a man
does, and is, therefore, on any sound theory of account-
ability, by far the guiltier of the two. The theory
of woman's character and position on which blame,
in cases of adultery, is now distributed, and on
which the murder of seducers is justified, is really
very little superior to that set out in the laws of

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Menu. She is so helpless, so consciencekss, so ready
to fall, that to throw temptation in her way is con-
sidered the foulest act a man can commit, and it is
so hard to keep her from falling that public senti-

ment authorises the husband to assassinate his best

riends in broad daylight for the protection of her

purity. The case of young, unmarried women is,
we admit, different. Whether rightly or wrongly,
they are so educated that they neither know when
they are running risks nor how to guard against
them, and as long as this system of education is or
has to be continued, fathers and brothers must be
armed with summary powers for protecting them,
or the legal penalties of seduction must be made
vastly heavier then they are now. nut, as a matter
of fact, the women who take the law into their own
Lauds, and kill their faithless lovers and secure im-
punity from juries, are hardly ever youthful inno-
cents. They are generally tolerably mature spin-
sters, who know perfectly well what they are about,
both when they are lavishing their affections ou the

unworthy object, and when they are pistolling
him for running away, and there is probably no
more repulsive spectacle to be witnessed than the
mock trials of offences of this kind by which our
courts are sometimes disgraced. In fact, side by
side with the agitation in one portion of the com-
munity for woman's admission to greater social
freedom, is growing up a tendency, in another
portion, to release her more and more from both
legal and moral responsibility. There is strong re-
luctance abroad to convict a good-looking woman of
any offence whatever. We even doubt whether
Bridget Dorgan, who killed her mistress the other
day in New Jersey, would, though not good-look-
ing, have been convicted, had she simply killed her
master. But when it is made to appear that love is
at the bottom of a young woman's crimes, juries
become deaf to the claims of order, and law, and
Morality. As soon as the tender side of the tra-
gedy begins to show itself in the evidence the jury-
men wipe their eyes, the court blows its nose, the
counsel's voice grows husky, and the " poor young
thing" is dismissed with the deepest emotion, and
the friends of the dead man sneak to their deso-
late homes amidst the frowns of the indignant and
virtuous crowd.-7he Nation.

TILE FUEL PROBLEM.
The great, important, and constantly increasing
part which steam power is taking in the world's
progress has awakened the attention of thoughtful
political economists to the fact that the material
necessary to evolve the vapoury but untiring giant
from the simple elevation of water is constantly de-
creasing in quantity and increasing in value. Coal
is now so universally employed as domestic fuel that
the immense supply needed for the generation of
steam in the various industrial pursuits, and the
steam marine of the world's commerce, and the
navies of the nations, is taxing the means of almost
every individu d in the community. The present
rapid consumption of coal is therefore a subject of
deep and profound interest, and much care and atten-
tion have been given to maturing plans for a less rapid
and more economical consumption of the valuable
fuel. The latest discovery in this direction promises
to be of the utmost importance, and its ultimate
and complete success seems certain. The new
method proposes to abolish coal altogether from
beneath steam boilers, and put in its place petro-
leum. The mode of effecting this desirable change
was originated by Colonel Henry It. Foote, of Ten-
nessee, and his process has been patented. The
attention of the United States Navy Department
has been already called to this new steam generator,
and a Board of three chief engineers have examined
it, and rendered a favourable report. Chief Engi-
neer Isherwood ordered the fourth-class United
States steamship Palos to be fitted up for a full and
complete trial of the new invention ; and on board
of this vessel the experiment is now in progress in
Boston harbour. The new apparatus is simple and
inexpensive, consisting of a small iron box or retort
located in the grate bars, and having burners all
around it. Its bottom is kept hot by burners beneath.
The oil is carried into it by a small iron pipe and
vaporises as soon as it enters. Steam is then intro- '
duced through a coil of iron pipe filled with filings
and located over the burners, where it is intensely
heated and decomposed, and its gases enter the
retort, into which air is at the same time forced, and
the whole forms a gas which escapes from some
nine, hundred burners, where it burns with a clear,
intense blue flame, completely filling the furnace
and extending into or through the flues. The heat
is very great. It emits no smoke, can be increased
or diminished in a moment, or be entirely extin-
guished by turning a stop-cock. The apparatus is
very simple, and any part of it, if broken, can be
repaired or made new by any mechanic. No alte-
ration of boilers is required. It will burn whatever
coal will, and the fire can be run by any man of
ordinary intelligence after an hour's instruction.
It dispenses with all coal heavers, and requires one
man to every two or three fires, to keep them in
perfect order. It is clean and convenient, and
saves the time and trouble of taking in coal and
disposing of ashes, and, there being no sulphur
in the oil, as there always is in coal, the boilers
and flue will be more durable, notwithstanding the
greater intensity of the fire. But the great value of this
invention in steamers is the gain in space and ton-
nage. The amount of fuel required is only about
one-seventh of the weight and bulk required of
anthracite coal, and the inventor is satisfied that
after perfecting his apparatus it will take less than
one-tenth, leaving all the remainder for freight or
passage room. If this fire succeeds, it will enable
ships to steam from sixty to one hundred drys, and
to visit ports of the world from which they are now
excluded, while the direct gain in the saving of the
fuel of the civilised world will be almost beyond
computation. The best petroleum for the purpose
of fuel for steam boilers is that which is obtained
from wells in %Vest Virginia, on account of its
gravity, which renders it non-explosive, and can be
handled and stored with the same safety as lard oil
or coal, thus avoiding all the objections to the light
oils of Pennsylvania. The quality of the oil used
in the experimental test should receive particular
attention, in order to make the success complete,
which it is sure to be in the hands of practical men.
'Philadelphia Inquirer.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

The stockholders of the Manchester and Law
rence Railroad held their nineteenth annual meet

ing at Manchester on Friday, June 8, at whicl
5,803 shares were represented. The old board o
directors were ousted, and a new one elected by
over 3,000 majority, as follows :—Asa Fowler of
Concord, Ezekiel A. Straw of Manchester, Benjamin
F. Martin of Manchester, Joseph T. Cross of Hook-
sett, Edward A. Abbott of Concord, George B.
Chandler of Manchester, and William W. Stia-neY
of Exeter. The new board subsequently organised
by electing Asa Fowler president, and re-electing
E. W. Harrington of Manchester treasurer, and
William C. Clark clerk.
The stockholders of the Portland, Saco, and
Portsmouth Railroad held their annual meeting at
Kittery on Monday, June 3. The receipts of the
road for the past year were $529,326, and the ex-
pense and renewal fund $298,500, leaving a net
income of $230,824. A resolution was offered
declaring that the contract for the lease of the road
to the Boston and Maine and Eastern Railroad
Companies had been violated, because they have
failed to pay the rental in gold or silver, according
to agreement, and instructing the directors to take
possession of the road. This resolution and the
entire matter was referred to the directors, to be
reported on at a special meeting within six months.
The old board of officers were re-elected for an-
other year.
The directors of the Boston and Worcester Rail.
road have given notice of an issue of $500,000 worth
of new stock, one share of new to be given to hol-
ders of nine of old. This makes the capital of the
road an even five millions.
The Western Railroad has purchased for $5,000
the Childs Place, at Pittsfield, now occupied by
Miss Clara Wales as a young ladies' seminary.
The contract for completing the Hoosiac tun-
nel has not been awarded to the builders of the
Chicago lake tunnel as reported, though they have
bid for a certain portion of the work, including
the whole of the central shaft, at prices much below