The Sun.
London, England, 1867-10-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1867.

this as it may, the aspect of affairs on the Continent
is by no means a satisfactory one, nor is the pros-
pectn of peace certain for the future.

The members for North Lancashire have been
discoursing upon the subject of education, in con-
nection with the distribution of prizes won by the
members of the Accrington Mechanics' Institution
at the Union examinations. Colonel WILSON
PATTEN remarked upon the difficulties that
attended this question, and declared that during the
forty years he had represented the county he
bad given great attention to the question.
What with the differences of opinion
about religious education and the great
stumbling-block of the voluntary principle, it is
indeed perplexing to know how to come to a satis-
factory conclusion. One branch of education to
which special allusion was made in this speech •,vas
that of artisan education. It has been noticed
that in the reports drawn up about the Paris Ex-
hibition a general inferiority is attributed to the
English in those branches of manufacture which
depend on art and science. The late Prince CON-
SORT believed that the cause of the superiority
of foreign nations was to be assigned to the
people exercising their talents in a greater degree
in the arts and sciences and the highest branches of
manufacture, and there is great truth in the advice
given by Colonel PArrEN to the effect that arts
should be advanced not simply in connection with
arts as with manufactures.

The Marquis of ILorniarozz addressed some re-
marks on the advantages of such institutions as
those before them, and showed the importance of
men in a district like that knowing the
principles of the work in which they
were engaged. They gained besides a general
knowledge of the events that were passing
around them, and the working man could peruse
the newspapers and monthly periodicals, the " in-
telligent study" of which confers great advantages.
The noble marquis truly said that dramas and his-
tories have been enacted under our eyes during the
last few years. There was the American War,
there were the changes in the Cabinet, all of which
were chronicled day by day, and month by
month, for our benefit, and the contents
of a newspaper " afford means for getting
the materials for a romance, and also for
acquisition of philosophy." If institutions of this
kind are not always so successful as they ought
to be, the answer may be found in the fact that all
have not received the education they ought. It is
certain, as Lord HUNTINGTON said, that education
is the great question of the future, and will be the
pressing demand of the future. All agree in
that, at any rate, and Mr. Lowe, in his dia-
tribes against Reform, declares that it is absolutely
necessary to attend to education. The noble mar-
quis concluded his speech by an impressive passage
on the blessings of education, and declared that he
should admire more than the liberal principles and
philanthropy of the country the " spectacle of a
people thoroughly educated ; the spectacle of a
people amongst whom it would be impossible to find
a man who did not know how to read or write, and
something of his country's history and laws."

The tide of public favour in the United States
has evidently turned in favour of more moderate
counsels than have lately prevailed. The news
which reaches us concerning the elections confirms
in every particular the impressions created by the
signs of the times. The Democrats have gained
positive triumphs in several directions. Where the
Radicals have secured the elections, on the contrary
they have done so by such greatly reduced majorities
as proves their power to be on the wane. The most
important victory achieved by the Democrats was in
the State of Pennsylvania, which is generally accepted
as the indicator of the total result. The elections were
carried by the Democrats by a majority of 9,000, Mr.
SHARWOOD being elected Judge of the Supreme Court
and Mr. WOODWARD member to Congress. Both
parties claim a majority in the Legislature—a re-
sult which is not very surprising after a contested
election ! It is thought probable that the Democrats
have also carried the Ohio elections, electing Mr.
THURMAN Governor, the entire State ticket, and
one member of Congress to fill the vacancy; also
securing a majority in both branches of the Legis-
lature. This is a wonderful change from the state
of things last year ; and it is further noticeable that
in Indiana and lowa, where the Republicans have
carried the day, they have done so by
greatly reduced majorities—a proof that the
Democrats have gained strength, and will very
likely succeed in placing their own candidates at
the next election. In Ohio extreme views met with
little favour, for the Negro Suffrage Amendment
has been defeated by an overwhelming number.
This we apprehend would be the case in any State
where the real opinion of the white population
could be obtained, and with some reason. A list
of 200 jurors has been drawn by military orders in
Louisiana, only 20 of whom are white. This gives
us a fair idea of the ascendancy which it is the in-
terest of the negro suffrage party to secure to the
blacks—an ascendancy which there can be no doubt
could only be productive of mischievous results, A
bill to permit negroes to hold office has
been passed in the Tennessee Legislature,
but this is an imprudent step. To allow the
negroes to give evidence, to hold property, and
other changes of the kind is wise, just, and neces-
sary ; but to hurry on their political progress, to
place them in positions of influence and power for
which they have had no training by education or
association, to thrust grave responsibilities upon
them for which they are not fit; in short, to make
political capital out of their excitability, their igno-
rance, and their ambition, is as foolish as it is
dangerous, as impolitic as it is unreasonable. Tho
Radicals have been most reckless in their con-
duct in this respect. 'We hear by this
very mail that Mr. HANNICUT, the Radical leader
in Virginia, has been making an incendiary
speech to the negroes at Richmond. We may see
the consequences of such inflammatory harangues
on every side. A party of armed negroes have
tAken forcible possession of some lands near Nor-
folk, and have resisted the Federal officers sent to
dispossess them. Such extremities are very unde-
sirable, but until some restraining influence can be
brought to bear upon the ultra-Radicals we cannot
expect the negroes to show more moderation than
their leaders. Happily the indications of the poli-
tical barometer are favourable to wise and concilia-
tory counsels. The PRESIDENT, we arc told
by the New York, '1 bites, accepts the resulti
of the elections as an endorsement of his
policy, and will now remodel his Cabinet.
Another year's experience has taught wisdom to the
people who suffered themselves in the autumn of
1866 to be misled by Radical harangues and duped
by specious phrases. The condition of the country
is not such as to justify any further extension of
confidence to the party who has grievously abused
its lease of power, and its finances are very unlikely
to flourish so long as bounties to the soldiers secure
Radical elections. Great Democratic rejoicings arc
taking place throughout the country, and with-,
reason ; but it is to be hoped that the members of the

winning party will have learned by experience to
subordinate their own immediate personal interests
to the ultimate advantage of the people at large.

The news which reaches us from La Plata con-
firms the rumours which had previously gained ground
respecting the altered fortunes of the allies. The
valour and determination of the Paraguayans will,
there is little doubt, have saved the independence of
their gallant little State, notwithstanding the tre-
mendous odds which at first sight appeared to
threaten them. The triple alliance is in a fair way
of breaking up, and certainly for any good the allies
are doing each other it may very well come to an
immediate end. By some extraordinary blunder,
or series of blunders, of which the Paraguayans
have not been slow to take advantage, the
allied fleet and forces have alike got caught
in a trap, and the consequent disputes
between the Argentine and Brazilian Commanders,
who, not unnaturally, each laid the blame of their
common misfortunes on the other, are likely to
bring the war to a speedy termination. The news
which we received some time since by telegram,
and which is now communicated more in detail,
was to the effect that the Brazilian fleet had passed
Curupaity, but were unable to advance and make
an attack on Humaita could they force a passage.
The Paraguayans had retaken Curuzu in their
rear, and it now seems that they have so
completely sown the river with torpedoes and
other obstructions of the kind that the Brazilian
fleet is hemmed in and unable either to advance or to
retreat. It is as much as it can do to keep out of
reach of the artillery of the fortifications of
either side. This would of itself be bad enough, but
the army is in a very peculiar position, and being
unable to co-operate with the fleet is obliged to
entrench itself at Tuju-cud from threatened attack
by the Paraguayans. President MITRE, the Buenos
Ayrean commander, throws the blame of this
dilemma upon the Marquis CaxrAs, the Brazilian
leader, who of course returns the charge with inte-
rest. An ill feeling has sprung up in consequence,
which is likely, as we have said, to break up the
alliance altogether, and if it produces this effect it
will be matter for congratulation. The allies
are exhausting themselves to no purpose :
they are keeping up tho war at heavy cost
without any prospect of ultimate success,
since the natural strength of the country so
well seconds the valour and determination of the
Paraguayans that they can offer a formidable
resistance to any invaders. Humaita is a place
of considerable strength, and has effectually im-
peded the progress of the invading fleet, a fact of
which the Paraguayans have taken advantage to
strengthen Curupaity also. They have thus two
powerful fortifications, from which the invaders
are glad to keep at a respectable distance. Tho
Paraguayans at the first outbreak of the war expressed
their unalterable resolution to maintain it at any
cost or sacrifice until their great object was attained,
and their national independence fully recognised.
They have upheld their resolution valiantly, and
henceforward the other and stronger Powers must
learn to respect the gallant little State who refuses
to submit to their oppressive and overbearing policy.
Brazil has already more than her share of the South
American continent, and the course she has pur-
sued is not such as to entitle her to increase her
possessions still further. As for the Argentine
Republic they are more than tired of the fruitless
struggle, and the opinion of the people is
openly expressed. A significant incident has
just occurred in a change in the Argentine
Cabinet. The Minister of Foreign Affairs and the
Minister of Education have both resigned, and
their successors arc strongly in favour of peace.
The Argentine press is declaring loudly that the
war has lasted too long already, and the reap.
pearance of cholera at Tuju-cue and the neighbour-
hood will not be likely to alter this opinion. It
is feared that the camp will again have to be
removed—a matter which, under the circumstances,
is not very easy or desirable. Some decided
course will very soon be forced upon the Allies,
for it is impossible that fleet and army should
remain long in an inaction which invites attack.
If the Paraguayans hold out a little longer—as
there is no fear but that they will do—they will
be able to tell the world a very different story
from that which their enemies have for a long
while past so industriously circulated.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(ERO3I OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Monday Evening.

There is again " confusion worse confounded"
in regard to the state of affairs in Italy—accounts
of alleged successes on the part of the insurgents
abroad, whilst, on the other hand, a Paris journal
which affects to have certain knowledge of the exact
position of the situation, asserts positively that all
the bands have retired from the Pontifical States,
and that not a single G-aribaldian remains there.
For the last day or two the Paris papers have
contained long and excited articles in reference to
another occupation by French troops to defend the
temporal power of the Pope. This argument has
arisen upon the mere hypothesis that the French
Croveinment intended to adopt this courso, for the
Moniteur had been quite silent upon the subject.
I am enabled to state that some communications
have been exchanged between the French and
Italian Governments, but the last despatch
of M. Nigri from Paris seems to have
been satisfactory to the Cabinet of M. Rattazzi.
It was stated on supposed good authority that
General Dumont's division, which forms part of the
Army of Lyons, had received orders to embark at
Toulon for Italy, and that Chassepot guns had been
distributed to the four regiments of which it is com-
posed. General Failly, who it was reported would
have the command-in-chief of the expedition has, I
believe, left Lyons for Toulon, but there is yet no
positive news of the embarkation of the expedition,
if indeed it be true that such an expedition is to be
sent to Italy. Again it is reported that Garibaldi
has contrived to escape from Caprera.
The Emperor of Austria will arrive in Paris on
Wednesday afternoon. His Majesty will be accom-
panied by the Archdukes Charles, Louis, and Louis
Victor, his brothers, his aides-do-camp, the indi-
viduals forming his Cabinet, and various persons
connected with the Court. Baron de Beust,
Chancellor of the Empire, and Count Andrassy,
President of the Council of the Hungarian Minis-
try, will also accompany the Emperor. His Ma-
jesty will, I believe, stay at the Elysee.
King Louis the First of Bavaria will also arrive
in Paris on Thursday on a visit for a few days.
His Majesty will preserve the incog. during his stay
here.

The Moniteur only contains one paragraph re-
specting Italy to-day. It says :—" The news from
&me, dated this morning, announces that in the
affair of Nerola the Pontifical troops took 140
Garibaldians prisoners. Discouraged by this new
check, the Garibaldians have evacuated Orte and
Terraerna." I was enabled to announce this retreat
of the Garibaldians from private information, and
advices received to-day induce ono to think that
their game is np—at all events for the present.
France has lost another eminent warrior, General
'Viscount d'Allouville, Senator, in his 57th year.
He obtained his rank of General in consequence of
a brilliant attack which he made with the cavalry
he commanded in the Crimea.

Great animation prevailed at the Exhibition yes-
terday in consequence of a treat liberally given by a
carpet manufacturer, M. Godillot, to his workmen
and workwomen, no less than 3,500 in number.
Their admission was paid for by M. Godillot, and
they were regaled with a dinner, after which cigars
at discretion were smoked by the men and (shall I
say it) by some of the women. The party walked
in procession four abreast to the Exhibition, the
women at the head. Both men and women wore
broad blue ribbons.

A girl named Marcel has been sentenced to im-
prisonment for eight years for throwing her infant
child into the Seine from the Pont Notre Dame.

The Paris papers announce the death of a man
who assumed the name of Graadjean, but whose
real name (Verger) had attained fatal celebrity
here, he being the father of the wretch who mur-
dered Monseigneur Sibon, in the church of St.
Etienne du Mont, some time ago. lie was noted
as a man of imperturbable coolness. After his son
was condemned to death he paid him a visit at the
Conciergerie. On seeing his son, who was to be
executed the next morning, he shook hands with
him as calmly as if nothing particular had happened,
merely remarking that " the business" had caused
him a good deal of trouble, and had made him walk
about for miles to make inquiries. "So they have
condemned you," said the old man, and he then
left the prisoner without any other remark.
The " clerk of the weather" seems disposed to
make the ainende honorable for his scurvy meteoro-
gical visitations at the beginning of the month.
Summer is come again—not chaos—and all PariS
has to-day revelled in the enjoyment of heat, sun-
shine, and unclouded sky.
My information as to the positive close of the
Exhibition at the end of the month is confirmed by
an official notice from the Commissioners, stating
that it will irrevocably take place on the 31st inst.,
and that offers for the purchase of the materials of
the building should be sent to the office of the
Commission before that period. Another notice
will be published stating the period when the mate-
rials may be taken away.
The Avenir National is to be prosecuted for an
article calculated to disturb the public peace.
M. Terme, the editor of the Epoque, and M.
Eyma, the writer of an article containing various
falsehoods of an alarming character as to alleged
meetings of Ministers with the Emperor at Biarritz,
and offensive and defensive treaties, have each been
sentenced to pay a fine of 1,000 francs. These pro-
scoatiQns are approved of by all except a small clique
of Democrats, who admire confusion and excitement.
Such reports about offensive and defensive treaties,
and speculations about imminent war, do immense
mischief, destroy confidence, and cause capitalists
to hold their money, instead of circulating it for the
general benefit. Comparisons are sometimes made
between the English and French press.' In Eng-
land a newspaper addicted to the spread of false
news would soon be ruined. Here a journal in
want of subscribers tries to obtain temporary circu-
lation by wicked and dangerous inventions. The
French Government never interferes with the pro-
pagation of legitimate news, but lies and dangerous
iuventiong are so rife with the press here that the
imperative duty is imposed upon it of protecting
the public from their dangerous effects. The Em-
peror and the Government do all they can to pro-
mote real freedom of the press, but some journals
are trying to be revolutionary and licentious, and
they ought to be checked in the wicked attempt.