The Sun.
London, England, 1858-10-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY. EVENING, OCTOBER 7, 1858.

MINERALOGY.—KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON.
PROFESSOR TENNANT, F.G.S., will com-
mence a COURSE of LECTURES on MINERALOGY,
with a view to facilitate the study of Geology, and of the ap-
plication of mineral substances in the Arts: The Lectures
will be illustrated by an extensive Collection of Specimens,
and will begin- TO-MORROW, Oct. 8, at Nine o'clock A.M.
They will be continued on each succeeding WEDNESDAY
and FRIDAY, at the same hour. Fee, £2 2s.
R. W. JELF, D.D, Principal.

BOARD AND RESIDENCE. A Superior
Home is offered to a Gesitleman of steady habits, en-
gaged during the day, by a family residing near Regent's -
l'ark. Fora
.young man coming to London for.the first time
this would be found a desirable residence. Terms moderate.
Referenees to be exchanffed• Address, J. P., Wright's
Dairy, Granby-street, Hampstead-road, N.W.

GEORGE HOBSON. begs to call the attention
of Gentlemen to his New Autumnal Trousers, 21s. to
255. Also his New Partridge Mixture Shooting Coats.

_ .
Excellence with Economy.
GEORGE HEs OBS
tabOli shed 7,
Lombard-street.
1796.

WHO WILL PAY THE CHINESE
INDEMNITY ? Why, the English themselves. An
export duty is to be levied, and then not even the 'East India
Tea Company will be able, as they now are,- to sell 11b. of
Black, Green, or Mixed Tea, at ls. 10d. .per lb., and _Coffee, in
the Berry, at-13d.—Warehouse, 9, Great-St. s-chtirch-
yard, City.

rpHoRLEY'S FOOD FOR • CATTLE-
-11 It is only a short time since this singularly efficacious-
article of animal diet first made its appearance; and-already
its celebrity is world-wide. It has been a subject of wonder,
and has puzzled many a brain to explain how this has been
brought about. Yet when we are acquainted with a few facts
concerning the food, our wonder will cease. A few days since,
a gentleman wrote, stating that- he had a horse which was a
" perfect bag of bones." He tried all kinds of things to get
the animal into condition, but in vain. lie then bought some
of Thorley's food ; and he says the effect was wonderful. The
horse rapidly grew fat, and in the course of a few -weeks had
gained no less than 12 stones. Again we find at the late agri-
cultural shows at Birmingham, Cardiff, Are., the animals which
carried off the highest prizes had been partly fed with Thor-
ley's food for.cattle. Such facts speak for themselves, and we
are forced to the conclusion that its celebrity arises solely
from its own intrinsic merits, and the great demand for it can
proceed alone from the good opinion and testimony of those
who have tried it. • All parties interested in horses and cattle
will do well to apply to 77, Newgate-street, London, for a
pamphlet which is sent post-free.

'NICOLL'S NEW REGISTERED PALETOT
has all those advantages which secured such general
popularity to Messrs. Nicolls' original paletot, that is to say,
it avoids giving to the wearer an outré appearance, so that
professional men and all others can use it during morning and
afternoon in or out of doors. Secondly, there is an absence of
unnecessary seams, well known to secure a more graceful out-
line, as well as to effect a great saving in wear ; the latter
advantage is considerably enhanced by the application of a
peculiar and neatly stitched binding, the mode of effecting
which is patented. Great exertions are being made to supply
Messrs. Nicoll's agents throughout the country and •the
colonies with an assortment of this new garment, simulta-
neously with the display in London, but it is necessary to in-
form the public that all Messrs. Nicoll's manufactures may be
distinguished by a trade mark, consisting of a silk label
attached to each specimen ; to copy this is fraud, and may be
thus detected. If the garment is dark-coloured, the label has
a black ground, with the firm's name and address woven by
the Jacquard loom in gold-coloured silk ; if the garment is
light-coloured, the label has a pale drab ground, and red silk
letters. Each paletot is marked in plain figures, at a fixed
moderate price, and is of the best materials. In London, the
NEW REGISTERED PALETOT can alone be had of 11. J.
and D. NICOLL, 114, 116, 118, 120, Regent-street, and 22,
CornhilL

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

HARROW RACES.--WEDNESDAY,

Handicap Hurdle Race of 6 sous each, with 20 added. Over
six flights of hurdles. Gentlemen riders allowed 51b.
Two miles. (13 subs.)
Mr. Barber's. Miss Harkaway, by Sir Tatton Sykes, 5
yrs, list 61b
Capt. Connell's Little Tom, aged, lOst 91b (Mr. Edwards) 2
Mr. H. Francis's Red Star, 5 yrs, 9st 111 b (Owner) 5

. _
The betting opened at 6 to 1 on Miss Harkaway, but
after a whlie Little Tom's number was put up (after it had
been taken down), and 4 to 1 was laid on the mare. 'Won
by three-quarters of a length. Red Star bolted at The
Farm, he was quickly righted, but fell at the succeeding
flight of hurdles.
The Copeland Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 50 added.
Winners extra. Three-quarters of a mile. 13 subs.
Mr. E. Clarke's Simpleton, by Flatcatcher, 3 yrs, sst 71b
(A. Edwards) 1
Mr. A. Williams's Palm Leaf, 2 yrs, 4st 41b.... (Reeves) 2
Mr. Saxon's Princess Royal, 3 yrs (in. 71b ex.), 6st 111 b
(L. Snowden) 3

Betting-6 to 4 agst Simpleton, 7to 4 agst Princess
Royal, 4 to 1 agst Palm Leaf. Won in a canter by a
length, three lengths between the second and third.

The Great Middlesex Stakes of 100 sovs, added to a Handi-
cap Sweepstakes of 20 sovs each, h ft, and 3 only if de-
clared (to go to the fund). The second to save his stake.

Winners extra. Mile and a half. 27 subs., 17 of whom

declared.
Mr. Read's Satinstone, by Touchstone, 3 yrs, 7st 21b
(L. Snowden) 1
Mr. Copeland's Pyrrhus the Second, 4 yrs, ist 61b
(Plumb) 2
Mr. Parker's Martha, 3 yrs, 7st 41b (carried 7st 51b
(Fordhara) 3
Betting-5 to 2on Satinstone, who won by half a length.
Bad third.

The Nursery Handicap of 60 sovs. Winners extra. Three

quarters of a mile. 33 subs.

Mr. A. Williams's Palm Leaf, by Ratan, Est 911 (inc. 51b
extra) (F. Adams) 1
Mr. Johnson's Willie Wright, 7st 511 .... (L. Snowden) 2
Mr. La Mert's Lady-well, 6st 121 b (A. Edwards) 3

Betting-5 to 1 each agst Villaret and Willie Wright, 7
to 1 agst Hibernian, 8 to 1 agst Palm Leaf, 10 to 1 agst
Miss Partridge. Won by a length, the second beating the
third by a length and a half. Brown Holland, Miss
Eleanor, and Hibernian headed the next lot. In the ex-
treme rear were Eltham Beaaty, Despatch colt, and Moultan
gelding ; the last mentioned did not pass the post.
An objection was lodged against Palm Leaf, on the
ground that she had carried 51b overweight. It was after-
wards proved that she had walked over on the preceding
day for the Handicap Plate of £4O, and received half the
plate. It was therefore decided that she was entitled to
carry the extra weight. If this plea, however, had been
over-ruled, the fact of the jockey declaring the 51b extra
would have rendered the filly properly qualified.
The Harrow Handicap of 3 sovs each, with 20 added. Gen-
tlemen riders. One mile and a half. s:subs.

Mr. Barber's Lord Nelson, by Collingwood, 4 yrs, llst 41b
(Mr. Dart) 1
Mr. H. E. Johnston's Kilsby, 3 yrs, Bst 121 b (in. 51b ex.)
(L. Snowden) 2
Mr. Fuller's Cantrip, 4 yrs, 9st 101 b .... (Mr. Edwards) 3
Betting-2 to lon Lord Nelson, who won by six lengths;
bad third.
The Stewards' Plate Handicap of 60 sous. Winners extra.
One mile.

Mr. E. R. Clarke's Simpleton, by Flatcatcher, 3 yrs,
_6st
lib (in. 51b extra (A. Ed.wards) 1
Mr. La Mert's Queen of the South, 5 yrs, Bst 51b
(G. Fordham) 2
Mr. Copeland's Pyrrhus the Second, 4 yrs, 6st 61b
(Byitton) 3
The following also ran :—Salonica and Rara Avis.
Betting-5 to 4on Simpleton, sto 1 agst Rara Avis, 100
to 15 agst Queen of the South. Won by a neck, same dis-
tance between the second and third, a length between the
third and fourth. Rara Avis did not pass the post.

LATEST BETTING.

CESAREWITCH.
12 to 1 agst Prioress (offered)
14 to 1 agst Happy Land (taken)
14 to 1 agst Malacca (taken)
100 to 6 agst Roman Candle (taken and offered)
30 to 1 agst Rocket (offered)
33 to 1 agst Julia (taken)
50 to 1 agst Hydromel (taken freely)
50 to 1 agst Janet (taken)
•
50 to 1 agst Zouavo (taken)
100 to 1 agst Fadladeen (taken)
25 to 1 agst Mr. Sykes and Vandermulin (coupled)
100 to 5 agst Sampson and Ancient Briton (coupled)
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
50 to 1 agst Prioress
50 to 1 agst Barbarity
50 to 1 agst Eclipse
50 to 1 agst Malacca
50 to 1 agst Rosa Bonheur.

WON THE TRIAL IN A CANTER.—Youatt Wm.
Gray's selection for the Cesarewitch Stakes was tried on
Friday, and won by ten lengths in a trot—two others, and
favourites, too, at the present time, were in the fray, but
had not the ghost of a chance—this is a better thing than
Sunbeam, my selection for the St. Leger. I know of
several winners which will be included for 2s. 6d. and per
centage. Terms to the end, 7s. 6d. Stamps taken. Lay
against Underhand, he is a "market" horse. I sent Prin-
cess Royal, Palm Leaf, and Ardour to win.—Address, 15,
Charing-cross.

THE COMET was seen to great advantage last
evening. About half-past seven the star Arcturus was
shining brightly through its luminous tail near the nucleus.
The tail extends to a length of about 27 degrees. A scien-
tific correspondent at Edinburgh thus describes its appear-
ance on Monday night :—" Just after it had become visible
to the naked eye (at ten minutes past six), the comet pre-
sented a very marked appearance when seen with a tele-
scope magnifying sixty times. The nebulous matter, which
reached to a distance of about 40 sec. below the nucleus,
had the form of a crescent, the darker part between the
cusps giving the idea that the opaque part cast a shadow
into the nebula. As the darkness of the evening came on,
this seeming shadow grew narrower, but the central part
remained very decidedly fainter than the edges, as if the
luminosity of the comet was confined principally to the
outer layers of matter."
[AIiVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Pills.—When we con-
sider how uncertain are life and health, and their value is
appreciated by all human beings, it is strange indeed to ob-
Serve how often men neglect the means of preserving these
blesoings at even the most trifling cost. They pay heavily
to insure their premises from fire or their goods from acci-
dent on flood and field, but they often put off until it is too
late the expenditure of a few shillings over a box of Hol-
which they might keep by them as an unfail-
lionwgasy'nfse&tils„
as a charm which will protect the pos-
sesilor against all diseases. They must certainly do gopd,'
if used according o in.structions given with each box,

THE 4TL4NTIC TELEGIMPH.

VALENTIA, OCT. 4.

•
While all the rest of the world is busy with con.
jectures and speculations relative to the probability
of the present Atlantic cable ever becoming a prac-
tical means of communication between Europe and.
America, at this secluded little spot, which is sup-
posed to be the centre_ of all information on the
subject, everything remains dull and quiet enough.
All the eminent electricians, who for more than a
month past have been busy in performing a variety
of scientific experiments with the line, have left,
with the exception of Mr. Henley ; and even the
few occasional strangers and tourists whom the
fame of the cable brought to this, part of the world
have long ceased to arrive. The stories of wonder-
ful phenomena observed by the- country people in
connection with the first success and ultimate
failure of the cable are now no longer heard, and
people now think and speak of an Atlantic Tele-
graph as if an enterprise for its accomvlishment had
never existed.: All here are now obliged to admit
reluctantly that the present cable is a failure, and
the faint hopes which were indulged in a short time
ago, that one of the principal injuries to the cable
_was near the shore and within reach, arc now aban-
doned. One day, to all appearances, the fault
mends to a considerable extent, and during the
receiving periods the ever-varying earth currents
are watched, distorted, an& dissected, in the hopes of
discovering something that may be construed into a
signal or message from Newfoundland—but to no
purpose, for even the slight and regular deflections
of Professor Thomson's delicate galvanometer,
_Which were at first mistaken for " reversals " from
America, are now attributed to the varying nature
of the faults. Though a considerable part of the
injury that has occurred to the cable is due to
circumstances over which human foresight could
have no control—as, for-instance, the- tempestuous
weather which universally prevailed during all
the expedition—yet the many and disappointing
failures which have occurred have brought with
them valuable experience which will prevent
their recurrence during the laying of any future
deep-sea lines. A variety of experiments have
lately been tried, both by Professor Thomson and
Mr. Henley, to discover the amount of fault or
bare surface of the conductor which would prevent
the current passing through the line altogether, and
they have come to the conclusion that several inches
of total loss of insulation in one place would not
interrupt the whole of the electric current at once,
though the points of leakage would soon be totally
oxidated away by the decomposition of the salt
water in contact with them, if positive currents
of electricity were used, while, if only a minute
flaw existed, the use of the powerful currents of
high tension electricity, such as were at first used
with the cable, would very soon destroy the wire
altogether at the point of resistance. The sup-
posed difficulty of working through the cable after
it was submerged, which was so much talked
about a short time ago, has turned out to be alto-
gether a mistake, and therefore the high tension
induction coils which were made by Mr. White-
house were not only unnecessary, but absolutely
hurtful and dangerous—unless the whole length of
the line was most perfectly insulated in every inch
of its vast length, which of course it is impossible
to expect that anything made by human hands
could be. The retarding influences of induction
which were so much spoken of while the cable was
lying at Keyham were probably due to the induc-
tive influence of one layer of the cable lying over
another in the coil, for so little has it been ex-
perienced since the cable has been laid that Pro-
fessor Thomson thinks if the line was in fair condi-
tion it could be worked through with ease with a
few battery cells of Daniel's constant battery. A
great variety of interesting experiments have been
performed to show the kind of electricity best suited
for working through the line, both in a perfect and
imperfect condition, and the results which have
been arrived at are both useful and interesting.
The high tension electricity from the induced coils
was found to burn up and destroy a wire where a
fault in the gutta pereha was made. The second
experiment was made with discharges from Hen-
ley's magneto-electric machine. This was found to
suffer a slight loss through the fault, but not to in-
jure the wire at the point of egress in any way as
long as negative discharges only were sent through.
The direct battery current, of great quantity, but
low tension electricity, was found to answer best,
and to cause less injury, to the cable and to suffer less
loss through the fault, but some copious currents of
this low tension electricity are now unable to make
the cable show siiits of activity even with the most
delicate arrangement of Professor Thomson's reflect-
ing galvanometer. Much has been said about this
beautifully sensitive little instrument, yet but few
know its nature or the advantages it possesses over
other galvanometers in observing minute currents
of electricity. It consists of a coil of very fine insu-
lated wire, in the interior of which is suspended a
very small mirror of the finest microscope glass, to
the back of which are fastened two magnetic
needles not more than a quarter of an inch in
length. The two needles, with the reflecting mirror
they bear, not weighing more than two grains, are
suspended by a single fibre of silk. When the in-
strument is in use a ray of light is thrown upon the
mirror, and is reflected upon an index board. The
very faintest currents of electricity are measured by
these means, for the very faintest deflection of the
needles, caused by an almost imperceptible current
of electricity passing through the coil, of course is
very perceptible upon the index board by the
motion of the reflected spot of light. Mr. Henley
has also a needle galvanometer here, most beauti-
fully sensitive, and he is now constructing one
which will be sensibly affected by the small quantity
of electricity developed by the motion of the muscles
of the body. Mr. Henley's magnetic machine, as pre-
viously stated, is now regularly used every day, both
in sending " reversal" signals, and sometimes even
words. It is impossible to say definitely that they
are received at the other • end ; yet from what is
known of the nature and action of those magneto-
electric currents on overground lines there can be
little doubt, if they do not pass the fault in the
cable, no electric current ever will. Indeed, rumours
have already reached this place, but for their au-
thenticity it is impossible to vouch, that intelli-
gence has been received from Newfoundland of
the receipt there of several of the words and mes-
sages sent to Henley's magnetic machine. Even
supposing this to be the case, and. that on sonic of
Mr. Henley's instruments being sent out :to New-
foundland a regular communication is re-esta-
blished, it would be wise of the shareholders and
those connected with the company not to be too
sanguine of the permanent success of the present
wire. A fault which, though slight at first, has
been gradually but surely increasing, cannot
but be in the end fatal ; for though for a time
instruments of sufficient power to send, and deli-
cacy to receive messages through the cable, in its
increasing state of imperfection, may be found, yet
at length it must reach a condition with which the
most refined mechanical skill cannot cope. That the
wire is exposed to a considerable extent in at least
two places is well ascertained, and where a metallic
surface through which currents of positive electricity
are passing is exposed to water, oxidation takes
place by the electrolytic decomposition of the water,
and thus the wire must soon be eaten away. This
may be in a great measure avoided by transmitting
all signals with negative currents, which would
prevent the direct oxidation of the wire by electro-
lysis, but at the same time, according to the experi-
ments which have been made here both by Pro-
fessor Thomsom and Mr. Henley, an exposed wire
is not entirely free from a species of decomposition
even -when negative currents alone arc transmitted
through it. It soon became encrusted with a light
coloured substance, the precise nature of which is
not quite ascertained as yet, but is supposed to be
a combination of chloride of copper with some of the
organic compounds contained in the gutta percha.
So no matter what may be the result of the pre-
concerted experiments at both termini of the wire,
one thing cannot be doubted, viz., that before per-
manent, certain, and rapid telegraphic communica-
tion can be secured between Europe and America,
another cable must be laid. That this present or
any other Atlantic Telegraph Company can be ex-
pected to advance the money for, and go to the
trouble of laying another cable without some
further encouragement from both the English and
American Governments, it is not reasonable to
suppose. About half a million has already been
expended in merely purchasing experience of the
kind of cable most suitable for submersion
in the Atlantic, and. in the way it should
be laid. This enormous outlay on the guaranteed
Government subsidy is counted as nothing. The
private enterprise of the promoters' and share-
holders of this undertaking has already done a
great deal, and it may truly be said that the Go-
vernment have not neglected to bear a share in the
undertaking on behalf of the public, as far as dock-
yard facilities and the loan of shils could go ; but
considering the great national importance of the
scheme and, and the many disappointments which
thai shareholders have had to encounter, the time
lia4 now come for both theTnglish and AmeriFon

Governments to place their guaranteed subsidy
upon a different and more encouraging basis. A
fixed annual sum, no matter how large, secured to
the company contingent on the success of their
scheme, will never induce shareholders to advance
in au undertaking in which they may spend mil-
lions before it is finally accomplished. But if say
5 per cent. were guaranteed by the two Gavern-
ments upon the total capital expended in complet-
ing a permanently successful and efficient telegra-
phic line between England and America until the
company should be paving dividends to that amount,
no one can doubt the Atlantic telegraph would soon
be efficiently working. The apparent distance of
the fault from the shore does not vary in the least
degree. This would certainly tend to show that
the break really is between 250 and 300 statute'
miles from the shore, or nearly the same as the
distance estimated by the resistance. It seems
almost miraculous to people not conversant with
electrical science that the position of a leakage in a
submarine cable can be measured with comparative
accuracy by experiments performed at either end of
its length ; .but in reality the process is very simple.
The resistance which each mile of cable offers to a
given electric current is accurately known, there-
fore the resistance which the cable offers to a known '
current would give the number of miles that the
fault is distant along the cable, supposing that
the fault is of sufficient size to offer no resistance
itself to the escape of the whole current. It
is, therefore, evident that where the nature and
size of a fault is not ascertained, its distance
from any given point cagnot be made known
with any certainty by- this method of measuring: ;
for should the loss of insulation be small, and in
itself offer great resistance to the passage of the
current, this cannot be taken into account ; but the
resistance must be measured as miles of distance
from the fault to the point of observation. It is
the knoWledge of the uncertainty of this method of
measuring- the position of a fault tinder certain cir-
cumstances which encouraged the idea so long be-
lieved by many, that the injury to the cable was
within a moderate distance of the shore. Thus, for
the present, the cable must be considered a failure,
at least as regards its paying and working proper-
ties ; nevertheless, in spite of all obstacles, the at-
tempt has demonstrated the ease, and indeed almost 1
certainty, with which under ordinarily favourable
circumstances a submarine cable across the Atlantic
can always be laid, and all the theories of the cross
currents which were to break the cable, the floats
which were necessary to buoy it up, and, above all,
the idea that it could never sink to the bottom, are
sett rest for ever. The cable has been laid, and
has been worked through ; and really when we look
for one moment at what that coil has had to under-
go, from the day the first mile of it was made up to
the present time, it seems nothing less than marvel-
lous how it, has been submerged, and still more
astounding that any signals ever came through it.
The plan upon which the Crystal Palace is built
was first drawn out upon a sheet of blotting-paper
by Sir J. Paxton, while travelling to town in a
railway carriage with Robert Stephenson. In like
manner the first rough idea of the Atlantic Tele-
graph, and the kind of cable which would be neces-
sary to carry it into effect, was discussed for the
first time one night as Mr. Brunel, Mr. Glass, Mr.
Canning, and, we think, Sir C. Bright, were travel-
ling together from Milford to London. It was then
agreed that strength, flexibility, and lightness were
indispensable mechanical conditions in any rope to
be submerged in the Atlantic, and one covered
with thin steel wires, it was thought, would best
suit the requirements of the case. Some time after
this, when our capitalists were willing to sub-
scribe the money, upon the representations of Sir
C. Bright, Mr. Mr. Brett, and Mr. White-
house, the plan gradually assumed a tangible shape
and then some samples of steel rope were made by
Glass and Elliot. These were, of course, beautiful
specimens of manufacturing skill, very light, and as
flexible as cord, and at the same time would bear a
strain equal to ten tons. The expense, however, of
the steel wire, the very limited supply of it that
could be obtained at one time, put steel-covered
ropes out of the question. Various other specimens
of wire-covered rope were then made by the same
firm, and a variety of experiments tried to ascertain
the kind of rope which would be cheapest and at
the same time best adapted, as regards strength
and lightness, for the purpose. At length one
specimen was made which was supposed to contain
all the essential qualities, and which, though made
of the best charcoal iron, only cost £lOO a mile.
The breaking strain of this cable was 81 cwt., but
it was found by using charcoal iron of an inferior
quality the rope could be made at £9O a mile, and
economy carried the day, and this rope was decided
upon. This alteration in the quality of the iron,
though only a saving of £lO per mile, reduced the
breaking strain of the cable to 62 cwt. All the
risks to which the success of this hazardous under-
taking was exposed commenced with the manufac-
ture of this rope. The Gutta Percha Company, as
all who have to do with submarine lines know to
their cost, have a complete monopoly of the manu-
facture, and rule all matters connected with their
patent for insulating wires with absolute law.
None could be present, on the part of the Atlantic
Telegraph Company, to see that the same was pro-
perly insulated, and no doubt whatever exists but
that in too many places the insulation was most
defective. Many of these defects, no doubt, arose
from the bad method of covering the wire with its
gutta percha covering which the company them-
selves use, and much from the negligence of the
men. In saying this, however, we by no means
wish to blame the individuals of the company, who
were heart and soul in favour of the telegraph ;
but they, like others, had to trust to their workmen,
who, in hurryingover more than 3,000 miles of wire,
left but too many places poorly covered. On the
very place where the splice was made, in the centre
of the Atlantic, an air bubble, almost the size of a
coffee-bean, had to be cut out. How many hundreds
of similar places might there have been that were
never seen. The defective centering of the copper
conductor in its gutta percha covering was also, no
doubt, a source of ,many serious faults, for the
reason that the gutta percha, being very thin in
some parts, allows the powerful electric currents
from the induction coils to pierce it and touch the
outside wires. Once this fault, which is techni-
cally called " blowing a hole," in a cable takes
place, such a loss of the signalling current ensues
that the cable is rendered useless, or a great aug-
mentation of battery power is renderedC necessary ;
and when this last remedy is resorted to the hole
becomes larger and larger until the water, getting
freely to the wire, oxidates it away in a very short
time.. Such accidents have frequently occurred in
the cables between England and the Hague, and
there is not the least doubt that there are many
scores of such faults along the Atlantic wire.
However the continued rips and little injuries to
which the coils were exposed only commenced after
the manufacture was complete. The rope was
coiled and uncoiled repeatedly in the hold of the
Agamemnon, and during the first expedition of
1857 it was exposed to such heat as with the super-
incumbent pressure of the whole mass must have
still more distorted the centering of the conductor
in its gutta percha insulating medium. It was
again uncoiled
_at Keyham, in consequence of the
eagerness of the American officers to be " quit of
England." The Niagara's portion of the cable was
filmg out in heaps with such reckless haste that
half of it was not passed through the tar tanks.
The rust consequently began to work its way
through the small wires, and whole miles of the cable
were thus rendered useless and had to be cut away.
During the winter it remained at Keyham, we
believe it was not once properly tested under water.
And for the experiments necessary to render the
working through it easy such a constant succes-
sion of powerful coil currents were always passing
as must have infallibly discovered and penetrated
any badly insulated spot of the copper conductor.
It was again on board the Niagara and Agamemnon
in the beginning of the present year, and subse-
quently during the first memorable cruise, tossed
for many days and nights in two vessels labouring
heavily in one of the most terrific storms that ever
swept across the Atlantic. After this it was again
brought back to Queenstown, and again sent across
the ocean in the almost hopeless chance of laying
the cable with the reduced quantity and almost
disabled ships. As we have said, taking all these
things into consideration, it is a wonder how the
cable could have been laid at all in one piece, and
no one had certainly any right to expect that it
would ever be a working cable. A good deal of
attention has lately been turned to the question of
rope-covered wire, and there is now no doubt but
that all future attempts to connect Europe with
America will be made with cables so constructed.
At the same time it will not be strands of hemp
loosely thrown round the guttapercha covered wires
that will make a serviceable cable, but rope yarns
bound in with the same fineness as the wires are now
twisted by the " closing machine." In fact, rope-
covered wire would have to be made by Glass and
Elliot of Newall just in the same manner, and on
the same plan, as the w.re-covered cables are now
made by those firms. Already we believe a splen-
did specimen of a rope-covered wire, almost buoy-
ant in water, eminently strolls; and &kale as ccrd,

is now in process of manufacture by Messrs. Glass
and Elliot, but more than this it is not desirable to
mention at present.
There is one difficulty which many suppose will
influence the success of the deep-sea cables in no
slight degree—namely, the pressure to which all
cables must be subjected at great depths. Some
people are sufficiently ill-informed todeny that there
is any pressure exerted by the water of the ocean at
the bottom at all. Such absurd blunders only arise
from ignorance of the difference between density
and weight. It does not follow that because water
is almost incompressible, that it weighs nothing, no
more than it follows that because a block of granite
is not elastic it does not press upon the spot on
which it rests. The pressure of the water at the
bottom of the Atlantic averages about two tons and
a half to the square inch. It is a simple matter of
calculation to ascertain the fact. At such a pres-
sure as this wrought brass can be saturated with
water like a sponge, and a block of it so saturated
requires days for it to ooze out again:
It is true that brass is a very porous substance,
but were the very best cast iron hydraulic machines
to be subjected to such a pressure as two or three
tons to the inch, the water would be forced through
them like dew. A gutta percha covered wire has
been subjected to such a pressure under water for
an hour or so, and its electrical condition was found
rather improved. However, to render this experi-
ment complete, the pressure should have been con-
tinued for a much longer period, for it may still
happen, though it is certainly unlikely, that a long
continued pressure of the water might penetrate
the gutta percha in places where air bubbles ex-
isted, and thus give rise to faults. This idea is sup-
ported by the knowledge of the fact that under con-
siderable pressure gutta percha is reduced to half
its bulk. Thus when a cable is submerged to a great
depth, the coil of hemp and gutta percha becomes
smaller, leaving the spiral iron wires by which it is
surrounded slack. Should the cable in this condi-
•tion happen to rest across a chasm however small,
the outside wires would have to elongate consider-
ably before any strain can come on them ; the coil
in the meantime being subjected to tension, the
insulating medium is likely to be cracked and de-
stroyed, and a raw wire left exposed to the salt
water. This fact is directly against the use of gutta
perchasas an insulating medium in deep-sea cables.
India rubber is quite incompressible and imper-
vious to. water at any pressure, but it is not quite
so good an insulator as gutta percha. It may be
worth the consideration of those interested in the
manufacture of insulated wire to try if a mixture
of the two substances might not be to some degree
free from the defects of either separately. The in-
dia rubber might impart to the gutta percha some
of its incompressibility and elasticity, while the
gutta percha might make the indiarubber a better
insulator. The expense of insulating wire by these
means would not be great, if, indeed, it would be
as costly as using gutta percha alone. Thus it may
be seen that, if the present cable should ultimately
prove a failure, the experience which has been ac-
quired with it will certainly ensure the success of
all future deep-sea lines.—Daily News.

MESSRS. COLLIER AND WHITE AT
PLYMOuTH.

Messrs. Collier and White, members for Ply-
mouth, addressed their constituents at the
Mechanics' Institute in that town on Tuesday
evening. The chair was taken by Mr. S. Rowse.
The meeting was very noisy, and it was evident
that the popularity of Mr. Collier had declined in
consequence of his vote on the Conspiracy Bill.
Mr. White's reception was most enthusiastic.
Mr. COLLIER having testified to the valuable
services of his colleague in the House, proceeded
to address himself to the main subject of disagree-
ment between himself and his constituents—viz.,
his vote for the introduction of the Conspiracy Bill,
and explained that his reason for voting for that
measure was a conscientious belief that the law, as

it unequally affected foreigners and British subjects,
required alteration. He could see no reason why
foreigners accused of plotting murder, whether of
a peasant or a crowned head, should not be equally
amenable to the laws of this country as any natural-
born subject. Referring to the fall of the late
Administration, he expressed his belief that had
Lord Palmerston adhered to and evinced a desire to
carry out the liberal principles be professed his
party would still have been in power ; but he had
not shown himself prepared to advocate those
measures of reform which the country demanded ;
and any measure of reform would be incomplete
that did not provide for the protection of the voter
by the introduction of the ballot. On this subject
he (Mr. Collier) felt no hesitation in clearly
expressing his opinion that a Reform Bill to be effi-
cient must give the franchise to the intelligent
working classes. Every man above 21 who occu-
pied either part or whole of a house as a residence,
and who had not been convicted of any crime,

was entitled to a vote and to have it—
(cheers)—and he would be glad to see in Parlia-
ment some of the intelligent representatives of the
working classes. These were the opinions he had
always asserted, and if they had been acted upon
by Lord Palmerston that nobleman would still have
been at the head of affairs. Having glanced at
other causes for dissatisfaction with the late Admi-
nistration, and traced its acts down to its defeat on
Milner Gibson's motion of censure for not replying
to the Walewski despatch, Mr. Collier said it was
his intention to have supported Mr. Wyse's motion
on the Cabinet appointments ; and the Uovernment
must have gone out upon that, even if they had
not been defeated on the other motion. He had
been elected to support Lord Palmerston's Govern-
ment ; but, as a member of the great Liberal party,
finding Lord Palmerston indisposed to carry out
those measures which were necessary, and that he
was not disposed to take the position of leader of
that party, he had felt it his duty to oppose the
noble lord. The lion. member, after elaborately
defending his vote on the Conspiracy Bill, pro-
ceeded to review the business of the past session.
He rejoiced at the abolition of the property qualifi-
cation for members as opening the door for the ad-
mission of intelligent representatives of the work-
ing classes, but he regretted that this beneficial
measure had been in some degree neutralised. by the
adoption of the Corrupt Practices Bill, which made
it legal to pay the expense of voters to the place of
polling. That bill ought to have been entitled a
" Measure for the Encouragement of Bribery," and
he pledged himself, if no other member did so, to
introduce a motion for its repeal. (Applause.) He
did not go to the extent the Chartists did in advo-
cating the payment of members, but he thought
that would be far less absurd than making mem-
bers pay for their seats, and instanced the enor-
mous sums lavished in the metropolitan and some
other large boroughs. One good thing the Parlia-
ment had done had been to emancipate the Jews,
or, rather, the strong force of public opinion had
extorted a concession from the House of Lords
which virtually admitted the Jews to a participa-
tion in the civil privileges enjoyed by their Chris-
tian fellow-subjects. The Lords saw the ridiculous
position in which they were placed by the motion
of Mr. Duncombe, and the sense of ridicule accom-
plished what even a sense of justice might have
failed to exact. He much regretted that they had
not acted in the same spirit of concession with
regard to the church rates, and eulogised the ser-
vices of Sir J. Trelawny in relation to this ques-
tion. He should oppose any compromise on this
subject ; the only mode of settling the matter was
to do away with it altogether. (Cheers.) He much
regretted the course adopted by Lords Palmerston
and Russell, and hoped they would be induced
to change their opinions on this question. The
House of Lords had stood out against the
abolition of church rates, but it depended on the
public how long they would continue _
to do so ;
for, depend upon it, if the people insisted
on their rights the House of Lords would give
way to their just demands. If they wished to
preserve their existence the House of Lords would
do well not to place themselves in a position an-
tagonistic to the will of the people. The lion.
member next. adverted to the application of the
.principle of limited liability to joint-stock banks, to
the registration of partnerships, and to the equali-
sation of the poor-rates. Passing on to the con-
sideration of the India Bill, he thought it an
improvement on the former state of things, although
not the best measure which could have been adopted.
The transfer of the supreme power from a company
which had long mismanaged the affairs of our vast
Indian possessions to the Queen was necessary, and
he had. therefore supported the bill, although it NW:.
defective. Mr. Collier glanced at the state of the
army, and could not conceive anything wi bad as
the administration of that branch of Ow service.
He referred to the tlNclosnres at Weedon, and ex-
pressed his opinion that it was high time to inter-
fere and. put an end to a Kystem so thoroughly
disgraceful. (Cheers.) Speaking of the present
Government, Mr. Collier said it was not his inten-
tion. to give any factious opposition to the adminis-
tration of Lord Derby. He looked at measures
rather than at men,. and provided he found_the
In.'6e4t GoNerntueut adopting liberal and progres-

NEV. SPAPER

p.!
sive measures, these measures wo ' §7,
support. (Hear, hear.) He had no tt.7,Cr„;
petual change, and believed it ob
delayed theprogress of putli ip
Governments an excuse for clour nothiniti Ha
was • far from saying that -he believed it was A
immaterial who held the reins of office ;
but, as .he thought it more important that
we should have measures of reform than
to consider whether this person or that person
_ governed for the time being, he should suspend
' his judgment with respect to the ads' of the Derby
Administration; and when the contemplated
Reform Bill was brought fox NN d he-would-givcrit -
his best attention, and, if satisfied with it, it should
• receive his support. lie should have had more
confidence in them if they had spoken out plainly
and said, " We have been wrong all our lives ; we
see the error of our wives and will now amend." If
they would say plainly, "We do not think reform
wanted, but we know it is necessary to be reformers
to keep our places, and. we will reform," he would
say to them, " Keep your places ;" but he objected
to words being used in a non-natural sense, and to
attempts to make people believe that Conservatism
meant Radicalism or Liberalism. (Hear and cheers.)
All he could say was, that his hopes from the Con-
servatives were founded chiefly upon their incon-
sistencies ; but he was prepared to give a fair
hearing to their measures, and should be glad to
hope and believe that they would bring forward a
Reform Bill of which he could approve ; but to be
satisfactory it must protect the voter, considerably
extend the suffrage, and provide for a modification
of the electoral districts, and unless the Govern-
ment were prepared to introduce a measure of that
sort they could not stand ; for it was, after all, not
Lord Derby or my Lord Palmerston, but the people
who governed the country. Public opinion was- the
breath of the body politic; and if public opinion
was sound no Minister could ruin the country, or,
if rotten, no Minister could save it. With respec
to all the cardinal measures of Liberalism, he and
his hon. colleague were agreed, and he had no
doubt they would always continue to act in unison.
He might add, that he believed a better member
they could not have ; he had honestly earned his
popularity.
Mr. WHITE next addressed the meeting at some
length, chiefly on abstract questions of political eco-
nomy. He spoke with some warmth upon the Con-
spiracy Bill, which he denounced as a measure that
would have tended to jeopardise our independence.
He rejoiced in the opposition which he had given
to that measure, and if he had done nothing more
he should be proud of having opposed its introduc-
tion. He expressed in general terms his dissatis-
faction with the Government of Lord Palmerston ;
and condemned the exclusive character of the noble
lord's administration. The hon. member spoke of
his vote on the Havelock memorial, his exposure of
the niggardly course proposed to be adopted, and
of the prominence he had suddenly attained through
the columns of the Times and other journals. He
alluded also to the reckless expenditure of public
money in grants for unnecessary purposes, and ex-
pressed his belief that we should not obtain any
economy of expenditure until we had a reformed
Parliament. A permanent financial committee
should be appointed, to whom should be referred all
questions of expenditure. The committee should
have power to command the attendance of heads of
each department ; and no money should be voted
unless certified to be necessary for the public ser-
vice. With regard to the Reform Bill, his name
was associated with the Reform committee, and
their object would be to carry out the programme
adopted as far as possible; they would get all they
could and as much more as possible.
Votes of confidence were, after some manifesta-
tion of feeling on the part of a few present, passci
in favour of both members.

SIR J. PAKINGTON ON EDUCATION.

WORCESTER, WEDNESDAY.

The First Lord of the Admiralty attended a dinner
held here yesterday evening to celebrate the estab-
lishment of the Worcestershire Union of Mechanics'
Institutes, which had been set on foot a few months
ago by his son, Mr. J. S. Pakington. In the course
of the after dinner proceedings,
The CHAIRMAN (Mr. Pakington) proposed the
health of the " Members for the County and Borough
of Worcestershire," which was acknowledged by
Sir J. PAKINGTON, who took the opportunity of
expressing his concurrence in the objects of these
unions, by which, he said, they arrived at unifor-
mity of action, and they also afforded a stimulus to
emulation. Seventeen mechanics' and literary in-
stitutes around Worcester had joined the Worces-
tershire Union—the objects of which, as expressed
by the rules, were as follows :-1. Mutual inter-
course and improvement. 2. Concentrated infor-
mation on the progress and requirements of each
institute. 3. Encouragement and increase of even-
ing classes by examinations and prizes, or other
means. 4. The engagement of lecturers, gratuitous
and professional. 5. The promotion of a good
system for circulating books or otherwise improving
local libraries. 6. The acquirement and diffusion
of information upon matters relating to mechanics'
institutes in general. He particulary approved of
rule 3, having for its object the encouragement of
evening classes. He regarded these institutes for
the working classes much in the same light as he
considered the universities in higher life—viz., as
a means of carrying the knowledge already pos-
sessed. by the students further than it had reached,
and preparing them for undertaking higher and
more honourable, as well as more useful positions
in the particular condition of life for which they
were destined. He hoped that those who had
established this union of institutes would persist
in the good work which they had begun. It was
a work of great importance, and one which
deserved and would receive the gratitude of the
public. The necessity- for the general extension
of knowledge among the people was now generally
admitted •, the only question was as to the means.
Every reflecting mind would acknowledge that it
could not be the will of God that man should be
allowed to live in ignorance of things past and to
come, things human and divine, great and small,
on the earth or in the heavens, or that the noble
gifts given to mini should be left uncultivated, any
more than it could be the will of the Almighty that
the soil of the earth should remain barren and un-

tilled. (Hear, hear.) It was our duty as citizens,
as philanthropists, and as politicians, to promote
education and the general diffusion of knowledge,
and no man would now in this free country dis-
courage the objects which these institutions had in
view. (Hear.) He himself had no fear of the
result of extending knowledge, and without pre-
tending just now to expound any scheim of politi-
cal reform, he would say that one of our first duties
was to see that those who had to exercise civil
rights were made by education fit and competent to
discharge them. (Hear, hear.) It had been said
that " a little knowledge is a dangerous thing."
He was not afraid of knowledge, but he was afraid
of ignorance with its headstrong passions and pre-
judices, and it was their duty as good citizens to
extend as far as they could the spread of know-
ledge, and to put an end to ignorance. Sir John,
in conclusion, again recommended the promoters of
the Worcestershire Union of Mechanics' Institutes
to persevere in their laudable design.
Mr. SLANEY, M.P., also expressed his approval
of the object, and observed that the great difficulty
in the way of national education was thevi ,ant
it of
unanimity as to the best means of carryingout.

SERIOUS ACCIDENTS.—On T a
Tshheocunfkinorg.
acugaeetsdedd7a
oya.n d n
Crossing
tauncciadteenstufrocecrer edwastoexJcoeseedpinhgDlyilimntootxi,
the Seven Dials was knocked down by a cab, the wheel
passing over his body, and inflicting most extensive injuries.
He was conveyed to Charing-cross Hospital by the police
of the 1 division, where Mr. Skegg, the . house surgeon,
assisted by the staff of that valuable institution, rendered
every assistance that medical skill could suggest, but he
remains in a very dangerous state.---A frightful accident
by fire happened to a child named Harriet Rowe, aged 4
years, the daughter of very respectable parents, residing in
Titchfield-street, Soho. During the brief absence of its
parent, she approached the fire too closely, and fell in, when
her clothing became ignited. Her screams brought assist-
ance, when the flames were extinguished, and she was con-
veyed to Charing-cross Hospital, but remains in a precarious
state.—Thomas Acaster, aged 17 years of age, working on
board the Waterford steam-boat, was trought to Guy's
Hospital, suffering from severe injuries. The unfortunate
youth was at work in the cook-house, when he slipped and
pulled over him a kettle of bailing water off the fire, scald-
mg himself in a dreadful manner. He remains in Peters-
ham Ward progressing favourably.

FATAL GUN ACCIDENT.—On Monday morning a
fatal gun accident, by which Mr. Douglas \\, ard, a medical
student, met his death, happened at Castle Bromwich.
Mr. Ward's mother lives at '..hat village, and deceased, with
a party, among whom. vas another young gentleman named
Chattock, went out tp shoot rabbits. They were on their
return home, and -.When near Mr. Newton's lodge gates
Mr. Chattock Ad his gun forward for the puipose of
wiping the k.Jir as rain had fallen during the morning.
From scam cause or other the gun, which had been unfor-
tunate)." deft charged, went oft; and' the whole of the con-
tent lodged in poor Ward's back, as he WtiS standing.:
13J-Lie in advance. lie fell, and the serious nature of
lin
wound at once appeared from the fact that a. largehole
ad
been made in Ins coat, and blood was running therefrom
profusely. A door was at once obtained, on which the un-
fortunate Young man was removed to Mr. Powell's, of the
Bradford 'Arms Inn, ono of whose sons was Also of the
party. Medical assistance was at once sought, and INIr.
Ward himself requested that Mr. Clarkson, of Birmingham,
should be sent for. The messenger, on arriving at Bir-
mingham, found that Mr. Clarkson was from home, and so
procured the services of Mr. Crompton of Temple-row.
That gentleman at once proceeded to Castle Bromwich, and
did everything which skill could suggest, but in vain, for
Mr. Ward died about 4 o'clock in the afternoon. It is sup-
posed that his spine has been shattered by the charge, part
the'rkz,ht side of the
of winch also took effect on
BiAnivhain ,rca, „SO

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, Oc-r. 7.

THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE

60—highest since noon yesterday.
55 lowest this morning and during the night.
61—this day at noon.
BARoMETER-29.38—a fall of more than half-an-inch
since yesterday .
WIND, S.W. by W.; strong breeze, with heavy rain.
Two o'Clock, fine sunshiny weather.

In The Sin of yesterday we extracted an article
from the Times respecting the deplorablo calamiticx
that have fallen on the innocent shareholders of
the Western Bank. Nothing can be more
lamentable than the ruin thus brought on many
provident and careful p frsons who had invested
the savings of their lives in what they believed,
and had every reason to believe, were unexcep-
tionable securities, in the hope of enjoying pecu-
niary case in the last years of their lives, and of
leaving means to their families which would. ma-
terially assist them during " the battle of life.'
Not only were these fond anticipations defeated,
not only was the entire amount of capital absolutely
and irretrievably lost, but heavy demands remained
to be enforced against these truly unfortunate per-
sons—demands that have, in too many instances,
reduced them to hopeless insolvency. They are far
more to be pitied than the depositors or other credi-
tors of the bank. The latter have already been
paid 10s. in the .E 1 on the amount of their respec-
tive claims, and will eventually receive 20s. It is
true that many have been seriously inconvenienced
by the delay in the payment of money on which
they confidently relied. for meeting their own
liabilities. But that inconvenience could be

surmounted at a comparatively trifling loss.
Few indeed were reduced to ruin, or had all their
future prospects in life blasted by reason thereof.
But the case of the shareholders, especially of those
who had not in any degree participated in the mis-
management so justly complained of, was far worse.
Every shilling of their property was expended,
and they had also to pay an additional call of £25
per share, or 10s. in the £1 additional. Not quite two-
thirds of the amount that might have been antici-
pated, if every shareholder could respond to the de-
mand, was received. , The paid-up capital of £5O per
share produced £1,500,000 ; and, consequently,
£25 per share ought to have produced £550,000.
But of this only £440,000 has as yet been obtained.
It is said that £65,000 more may be fairly antici-
pated under this call ; so that, supposing this esti-
mate to be correct, and that half a million is thus
obtained, it shows that £250,000 cannot be ex-
pected, and that parties who had £500,000 invested
in the stock had already become insolvent. These
were chiefly retired tradesmen, widows, and
orphans, and it would be difficult to find parties
more deserving of sympathy and assistance.
But even this does net by any means exhibit
the full extent of the mischief. The £25 per
share was utterly inadequate to provide for all
the demands, which were far more onerous than
had been anticipated. It was found that the de-
ficiency, in place of being little more than £300,000,
was really £1,420,000, so that an additional call of
£lOO per share became indispensable, and with but
little time allowed for the payment. This may be
responded to by some of the really wealthy share-
holders, but we fear that it will be impossible for
those already reduced to poverty to meet it.
It is, in fact, an addition of 200, or, in-
cluding the first contribution, 250 per cent.
to the original loss, or, in other words, each person
who held £lOO stock has paid or must pay £250
in addition ; and this, although they are morally,
although not legally, as innocent as any of the
creditors of the concern, who not only have nothing
more to pay, but have received half the amount of
their original claims. They are, however, to give
up the full pound of flesh—

" The law admits it, and the court awards !"

But admitting to the full extent the terrible
extent of the evil, and the gross mismanagement
by which, it has been produced, that still does
not establish the accusations which the Times has
preferred against the Scottish system of banking
and Scotch trading, which we concur with Mr.
BUCHANAN in thinking to have been denounced in
terms of unjustifiable severity. Such mismanage-
ment as occurred in respect of the Western Bank
must have brought any establishment to ruin and
irwl—Tyytny, no mattcr ir, rcint Ponntry, or under
what system it was conducted. There were enor-
mous advances to firms who certainly did not justify
the confidence reposed in them. These advances, in
place of " falling like the gentle dew from Heaven

upon the plain beneath," and fertilising the grate-
ful soil, had the effect of an inundation,
destroying it. They tempted the i artier to'
rash speculations that produced m_-.eh of the
subse vent misery. But, as we have eready stated,
this has also been the case in Engl,nd, and with
equally disastrous results. If we look to banking
statistics it will immediately be discovered that the
failurespn this side of the Tweed have been in at
least a tenfold ratio to those which have occurred
in Scotland, even including the Western Bank, and
that the proportion of losses to creditors has been
still greater. The system has not been at fault.
Indeed, perhaps, its benefits have never been
more clearly illustrated, so far as the commu-
nity at large are concerned. The share-
holders are differently circumstanced, but theirs
was a risk that must be encountered by all
who desire large dividends or high interest for
their money.' They unquestionably deserve deep
sympathy, but they have not been worse off than
others in this country; and it was unquestionably
our tampering with the currency laws in 1844
and 1845 that led to the very deplorable results
that have followed. If the rate of interest is to
vibrate " between. 1 and 20 per cent. without the
interference of any Chancellor of the Exchequer,"
we must look for periodical repetitions of such
calamities in all parts of the United Kingdom.

We have concluded a treaty of peace and amity
with China, but certain Chinese subjects have re-
solved on waging more vigorous hostilities than
ever, and that in a manner not recognised by
the laws of modern war. These men are either
encouraged by the Supreme Government, or they
are resisting its authority, trusting either to its
want of vigour or inclination,, and believing that
they will, therefore, escape the severe punishment
due to their offences. In either case our course is
clear. We must take the law into our own hands,
and display that energy and determination which
can alone produce the necessary submission of the
Celestials.

It appears that an association has been formed
at Canton and the neighbouring provinces, for the
purpose not only of expelling the foreign devils
from China, but of recalling every native who has
taken service with them, or who enters into any
trade transactions with them. A system of exclu-
sive dealing is inaugurated, by which every Celes-
tial is forbidden from supplying the wants of any
European, however tempting the price that may be
offered. Should he do so after the notice, he wi
incur the supreme displeasure of " The Sun-kum,
and must make up his mind to endure a
the. pains and penalties incidental to the pos:
tion.

This Chinese " Black Sheep Office ". does
not merely act against the delinquent, but all
his relations and friends will be placed
in jeopardy, and subjected to Lynch law on the
most extensive and sanguinary scale. The result
has been that the Chinese are all flying from Hong
Kong, and indeed from every quarter where any
foreigners are established. The " junkmen" have
proclaimed a sort of holy war, which forbids every
Celestial to hold amicable intercourse with any
" outer barbarian," and any infraction of ne ordi-
nance will be severely expiated.

Now this uncivilised mode of attack can be easily
repelled. But it must be shown that we are
thorough/y in earnest and cannot be quieted by any
YEll-ite arguments—that we will not wait the
action of the Chinese authorities to chastise the
wrong-doers, but, taking the law into our own hands,
will inflict exemplary punishment on the conspi-
rators. The people of canton have too long been
permitted to set the law at defiance. They have
hardened. their hearts, and exult in their iniquity.
There can be but little doubt that they were en-
couraged by the local, if not by the Imperial,
authorities ; and it must be shown by some
striking examples that any aggression against
those who are at peace with China will be re•
garde& as acts of piracy, and suppressed with the
most unflinching firmness and determination.
We trust that the proclamation of Sir JOHN
BOWRING Rill suffice to open the eyes of the con-
spirators. If, however, the language thereof can-
not persuade the members of " The Sun-kum" to
abstain from such unjustifiable proceedings, it must
be ascertained what virtue can be found in British
steel and British lead, which have proved to be the
most efficient peace-makers whenever, or wherever,
JOHN CHINAMAN was concerned.

Three elections are soon to come off. Guildford,
Leominster, and Reigate are to replenish with
wisdom a House which the attractions of the new
Indian Council have deprived of Mr. MANGLES,
Mr. WILLOUGHBY, and Sir H. RAWLINSON. The
little fact—for little, we fear, it is—attracts atten-
tion, as every election ought now to do, in the
suggestions it offers in regard to the forthcoming
Reform Bill. What, then, have these boroughs to
tell us ? We would not be personal, but there,
unchallenged, stands, in the pages of the Parlia-
mentary hand-book, the record of the notorious fact,
that each is a borough more or less under
INFLUENCE. Mr. DOD gives the names in plain
English, and the hon. gentlemen thus signalised
probably consider themselves honoured rather than
otherwise. None of them that we ever heard of
complains of being thus gazetted ; to influence a
borough is a sort of knighthood probably in their
view, and that the influence should survive the
onslaught of 1832 only shows how great a
man the borough's lord must be. We may
be quite sure that were there anything in
the record discreditable in aristocratic circles,
both Mr. DOD, privately, and the press, publicly,
would soon have heard of it.

Another fact is, that these three boroughs re-
turn five members to Parliament, also that their
registered electors collectively do not amount to
more than 1,427, which is, of course, in the pro-
portion of 285 electors to each member. If the
metropolitan boroughs, with their constituency of
a hundred and ten thousand in round numbers, and
enough over to make a borough like one of these,
returned members in proportion, they would re-
turn considerably more than half the House of
Commons. Their share would be 387 members !
If Manchester, with a like surplus to the above
over eighteen thousand electors, were honoured in
proportion, its share in the representation would
amount to sixty-four members ; and were the
boroughs of all England to return members to Par-
liament in the same ratio as these boroughs, they
alone, setting aside the counties, would send more
than fifteen hundred representatives to the great
Council of the nation.

Now, concede what weight its advocates may desire
to the desirableness of representing classes, can any-
thing excuse such a monstrous disproportion ? Tak-
ing the present electoral constituency as it stands,
why should some fourteen score of electors, in three
4, influence" boroughs be reckoned equal to nine
thousand electors in London, and to about the
same number in Manchester ? Are the ten pound
householders in Guildford, Leominster, and Reigate
so much better instructed by the local gentlemen
of InEnJac_r_, than the ealzcn:-, of the capiial of
England by the daily press, and their daily inter-
course, that the opinion of one citizen of these
boroughs ought to weigh as much in Parliament
as the opinions of five-and-thirty in the cities P Is

the wisdom of the agricultural constituencies really
as five-and-thirty to one in their favour compared
with us unfortunates of the busy world ? It really
seems as if the vaunted superiority of Europeans to
Sepoys in India was as nothing to the superiority
of the denizens of country market towns over the
denizens of the great seats of industry and

commerce.
Yet, with these things notorious to us all, Sir
GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS seems utterly at a
loss to know why we want Parliamentary Reform.
The first of the Whig leaders who has spoken, he
at least has informed us that he is as well content
as Lord DERBY professed himself this spring, with
tie present House of Commons, and demands that,
if the Conservatives insist on giving us a Re-
form Bill, they shall first announce definitely
what evils they mean to correct. He can see
nothing worth correcting in such an absurd dispro-
portion of representation as that to which the three
little boroughs invite attention. Grant him the
favourite " class constituencies" of his political sect,
absurd as the attempt must be for any statesman
to attempt an impartial classification ; yet, does he
see no evil, no unfairness, in such a preposterous
predominance conceded to the wiseacres of little
towns, which hare only lately and by accident, as
it were, obtained the blessings of gas and rail-
ways ? The late Chancellor of the Exchequer is
himself returned by a constituency not above
half so wise as those of the three boroughs : one
Radnor man not being equal to more than eighteen
and a-half Londoners—if we reckon rightly. The
excellence of the choice made by the men of Rad-
nor and its satellite boroughs we do not for a
moment dispute, neither do we deny the excellent
use which the patrons of the boroughs have made
of their " influence ;" still, for it must come out, we
do not think that " influence" and electors, and Sir
G. C. LEWIS, all taken together, can make us be-
lieve that one man''of Radnor ought to make
eighteen Londoners kick the beam in the balance
of Representation.
One-thing at a time: we will not, therefore,
even touch on certain other evils which are almost
as obvious as that on which we have laid stress.
The word "influence" alone is quite enough for a
lecture, or even far an article in the Edinburgh in
due time ; and we hope that the Radnorshire hope
of the Whigs will think it well over. There is an-
other word which pairs with influence as the appro-
priate remedy, in the opinion of the great majority
of Liberals. Sir GEORGE knows it well, but will,
we fear, be hard to persuade that the said influence
in an evil at all. He does not doubt the remedy,
but he thinks the disease the better thing. It is
a disease which interferes only with democratic
power, of the increase of which, under any pos-
sible. Reform Bill, he so plaintively assures the
Tories. That, he evidently thinks, an evil far more
to be dreaded than influence or disproportionate
representation, or any other which retains power
in the hands of the Whigs, and, failing them, in
those, of the Tories.

A deputation from the Board of Guardians of
the City of London Union, consisting of Mr. Abbis (chair-
man), Mr. Saunders, Mr. Fisher, Mr. Barber, and Mr.
Badger, together with Mr. Bowring (clerk), had an inter-
view yesterday with the Poor-law Board, at their office, in
Whitehall.

Despatches for the Governor of Gibraltar were
sent yesterday from the Colonial-office.

Their Highnesses the Prince and Princess Trou-
betzkoy and suite have left Claridge's Hotel for Paris, en
route to Russia.

His Highness the Prince Nicholas Troubetzkoy
has arrived at the Brunswick Hotel.

His Excellency the Austrian Minister is at pre-
sent in Hungary. The Countess de Apponyi is passing
the season at Milan.

His Excellency the Prussian Minister and. the
Countess Bernstorff, who intended to come to town last
week, and then to make a tour of visits in the country, are,
we regret to learn, detained at Brighton by the serious in-
disposition of their infant son.

His Excellency the Danish Minister will return
to town on the 12th inst. from the Continent.

The Duke and Duchess of Wellington have
returned to Apsley House from their seat, Claremont, Nor-
&Ur.

The Earl and Countess of Wicklow are passing
the season at Edinburgh. His lordship is expected in town
in a few days.
The Countess of Sefton and the Earl of Sefton
are passing the season at Croxteth Hall, Lancashire.

The Countess Andre Schouvaloff and family have
arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Sharklin.

The Countess (Dowager) of Chichester has left
her residence in Grosvenor-place for Brighton.
Viscount Eversley and the Hon. Misses Shaw
Lefevre have returned to Heckfield-place, Hants, from a
tour of visits.

Count and Countess Persigny on leaving Count
and Countess Flahault's seat, in the Highlands, proceeded
on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Malmesbury, at the
noble Earl's shooting-box near Fort William.

Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby wil:
shortly leave Drummond Castle for Torquay, Devon

The Lord Chancellor and Lady Chelmsford
arrived in town on Tuesday, and left yesterday on a visit to
Sir John and Lady Pakington, at Westwood Park, near
Droitwich.

Lord Edward Cecil has arrived in Grosvenor-
square from St. Leonard's-on-Sea.
CANADIAN AND AMERICAN MAILS.—The steam-
ship Anglo-Saxon sailed from Liverpool yesterday for
Quebec with the Canadian mail and 120 passengers. On.
Saturday next, the Cunard steamer (Europa) sails for Bos-
ton with the mails and passengers. Letters received at the
Liverpool post-office until 7.30 a.m., late fees till 8.30, on
thO landing-stage till 9.30. Telegraphic despatches for-
warded if received within a few minutes of the vessel's sail-
ing, and on the Exchange.

IRISH LEGAL. APPOINTMENT.—The tide of legal
patronage is fast flowing in. The Hon. Mr. Plunket (a son
of the late celebrated Lord) is about to resign the chairman-
ship of the county of Meath, and the place, it is said, has
been offered to Mr. Molyneux, Q.C. a stanch adherent of
the Derby Government. • Mr. Plunket's health, it is but
right to mention, has long been in a failing state.

PROVINCIAL THEATRICALS.—The drama seems to
be in a very flourishing condition in the provinces, for, at
Manchester, Bristol, and Liverpool, the theatres are nightly
crowded. At Southampton, the manager has good cause
to be in high spirits, for the engagement of Mr. and Mrs.
Hermann Vezin has turned out a great success. The local
papers speak in the highest terms of praise of the ability of
these artistes. In noticing the performances at the theatre
on the occasion of the benefit of Mr. and Mrs. Vezin, the
Hampshire Advertiser says :—" The play was Sir E,
Buiwer Lytton's " Money, a piece eminently calculated to
develope and sustain the high order of talent possessed by
these artistes. The character of the noble Evelyn was
pourtrayed in a manner which excited the intense admira-
tion of every person of dramatic taste present in the house ;
and Clara found a most chaste and feeling representative in
Mrs. Vezin. Both were frequently and deservedly ap-
plauded during the progress of the play, and at its close
were rewarded with a perfect volley of cheers." Such
unqualified praise creates a regret that no metropolitan
manager has yet secured these artistes for a series of per-
formances in London ; for it cannot be said we have such a
superabundance-of tragic talent on the boards at the pre-
sent time, that there is no need of novelty.
POLYGRAPHIC HALL, KING WILLIAM-STREET.—
Professor Frikell, the incomprehensible, on Monday even-
ing—the occasion being the 300th representation in Lon-
don—introduced a number of new tricks to his audience,
which were hailed with the greatest applause. Great as
have been all the tricks performed by this "king of con-
jurors," his new delusions add fresh leaves to his well won
wreath of fame. Amongst the most extraordinary of his
novelties, that which occasioned the greatest wonderment
and surprise was the facility with which he transferred
the heads of two pigeons—one black and the other white—
to the necks of each other, and then sent the birds flying
amongst the audience. Then, again, as if to heap surprise
on surprise, he coolly finds a missing sixpence neatly sewn
up in a button on a gentleman's coat, which, of course, he
cuts off, and then in a most remarkable manner reattaches
the button to the garment in so neat a manner that the
most minute examination fails to discover by what means
the operation could have heen performed. The applause
elicited by this trick was most enthusiastic, and it was some
minutes before the professor could proceed with his per-
formance. Not content with making the " eyes the fools
of the other senses," he solicits the loan of a lady's brace-
let, and, succeeding in his request, the splendid article of
female adornment, as soon as it fairly comes into his pos-
session, falls into innumerable pieces, and is again reunited
in an instant. Half-crowns are senefrom different parts of
the house with a rapidity that rivals the spark of the elec-
tric telegraph ; and the entertainment concludes with a
perfect shower of cards, sweetmeats, and fireworks from, to
all appearance, an empty hat. At one time the feats of the
conjuror used to be estimated by the magnificence of his
mechanical contrivances ; but Frikell depends solely on his
own exquisite manipulations, and the result is that for two
hours he alone commands the sole attention of his audience
by ins mystic art. We take this opportunity of reminding
those who have not yet paid the Professor a visit that his
performances in London are drawing rapidly to a close, and
those who allow him to depart without devoting two hours
to his wonderful performances will debar themselves of one
of the most delightful entertainments that it is possible to
imagine,

LOSS OF THE DIANA.

SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY MORNING.

The Diana, of Hartlepool, from Marseilles, was
wrecked near Gibraltar. Crew and. master saved ;
the latter came home by the Salsette.
Spoke steamship Taurus on the 30th of Sept., in
lat. 37 20 N., long. 4 13 E.

THE BOYN-HILL COMMISSION.—In the Guardian
of last night Mr. West offers his sincere thanks to many
friends who have congratulated him on the result of the
recent inquiry, and particularly to those who have been so
good as to tender pecuniary aid towards defraying the ex-
pense. As the proceedings have terminated with the preli-
minary inquiry, the expenses, though considerable, have not
been so great as to require that he should avail himself of
the kind assistance of his friends. In declining their
generous aid he thanks them most heartily for their good-
will.

THE OATLANDS-PARK HOTEL.—An extraordi-
nary meeting of the shareholders was held at the hotel on
Thursday, when a report was made showing the net profits
to be progressing at a rate equivalent to a dividend of 12
per cent. ; that the buildings are already inadequate for the
increased number of visitors, who continue to be of the
highest respectability ; that the non-fulfiment of the con-
tract as to time requires serious notice ; and that for the
extension of the works it is desirable to issue 1,000 of the
reserved £5 shares at ss. premium per share. Resolutions
in accordance were unanimously passed, as also a vote of
thanks to the directors.

MR. ANsTEY SUSPENDED.---The China Mail, of
August 10, mentions the suspension, from the office of
Attorney-General, of Mr. Chisholm. Anstey, " who," it
says, " has acted towards the Governor and other officials
in a manner which necessitated the step. Mr. Anstey's
character and failings are so well known in England that
his suspension will not cause any surprise, however the
necessity of it may be regretted there, as it certainly is here
by all who have observed his honesty of purpose, and his
skill in dealing with Chinese witnesses. Mr. Day, the
sailor counsel in the colony after Dr. Bridges, who still
acts as Colonial Secretary, will take his place in the interim
as Attorney-General."

NAPOLEON'S FUNERAL CAR.---In consequence of
he absence of the French Emperor from Paris, the order
for forwarding the funeral car of Napoleon I. from Wool-
wich Arsenal has been suspended until a communication
hasbeen received from the French Government with regard
to the arrangements for its reception, which it is stated
will be on a grand scale, and will be carried out under the
direction of the Emperor and the Duke of Malakoff. The,
car, which is now carefully packed for removal, was in-
spected a few days since by Sir John Burgoyne, K.C.8.,
Inspector-General of Fortifications, who, accompanied by
his daughter, visited the Royal Arsenal for that purpose.
The officer named has been selected by the War-olfice to
present the car to the French nation.
SCOTTISH HOSPITAL.----A quarterly court of this
corporation was held yesterday at the institution in Crane-
court, Fleet-street, City. The chair was taken by Dr. J.
Webster, F.R.S. The minutes of the last court and those
of the committees were read and confirmed. The accounts
stated that the balance last visiting day was £39015. 9d. ;
the receipts of the Caledonian ba11,£204 18s. 6d. ; donations
received £476 125.; annual subscriptions, £327 18s. 3d.;
rent, &c., £1,355 17s. Bd. ; making a total of £2,755 17s.
Bd. The expenses of the charity had been £1,731 4s. 2d. ;
the passages, £8 ; salaries, £278 17s. 6d. ; other expenses,
£5Ol 7s. 3d. ; making a total of £2,519 Bs. 11d.—thereby
leaving a balance in the Bank of England of £236 Bs. 9d.
The death of The Chisholm, the treasurer of the corpora-
tion, was announced in feeling terms, and a committee of
*three was appointed to select and recommend a fit and
proper person as his successor to the annual court, to be held
on St. Andrew's-day. A vote of thanks was then voted to
the chairman, and the proceedings terminated.
THE GUILDHALL OF LONDON.—Although it may
be that only a small number of foreigners take the trouble
to go to the Guildhall, it is certain that few visitors from
the provinces for the first time leave the metropolis without
looking, if possible, at the interior of this place, so famous
in connection with City festivals and other events. Con-
sidering the importance which is attached to this "town-
hall" of the greatest City in the world, it is vexatious to
glance at its architectural imperfections. The front is of
the Strawberry-hill Gothic, which cannot be looked upon
with pleasure in this age of improved taste. The
interior, with its incongruous ceiling, is also objec-
jectionable, and altogether this important national
building contrasts strangely with the Hotel de Ville
of Paris, and other similar buildings on the
Continent. Those who constantly see the hall have pro-
bably become so much accustomed to the eyesores that they
do not observe them, but to strangers the want of improve-
ment is evident. We commend the subject to the excel-
lent and able Lord Mayor elect—Mr. Alderman Wire.—
The Builder.

CENTRAL BUCKS AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
AYLESBURY, Wednesday.—The annual meeting of the
Chiltern Hills, Vale of Aylesbury, and Central Bucks Agri-
cultural Association, was held in this town to-day, and was
numerously attended by the gentry and :ao-rieultmists of the
district. In the afternoon a dinner was held in a marquee
•:ected on the grounds of Mr. Fowler, of the White Hart
Hotel, and was very numerously attended. Mr. P. Dauncy
occupied the chair, and Mr. T. T. Bernard (one of the
borough members), Sir A. Rothschild, and other gentlemen
were present. The Right Hon. B. Disraeli, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, had been expected to attend ; but on
Monday the secretary of the association received a note
from the right hon. gentleman, dated Saturday, in which
he said :—" I have been unable to reply to yours before to-
day. I had hoped to have the gratification of attending your
meeting, but having been summoned to London on Monday,
I find I shall be detained there for some days at least. I
beg leave, however, to enclose a donation of £lO for the funds
of the society." The usual loyal and patriotic toasts hav-
ing been given, the health of the members for the county
and for the boroughs of Aylesbury and Buckingham sere
drunk, after which the chairman proposed " Prosperity to
the Central Bucks Agricultural Society and the Royal
Agricultural Society of England." Various other toasts
were given, and the prizes to ploughmen and shepherds
were distributed.

&MOUS AFFRAY WITH POACHERS.—On Tuesdays
at Daresbury, near Warrington, five men, named Joseph
Wil ', Charles Wild, William Hargreaves, Thomas Carter,
and John Travis, all notorious poachers, and natives of
Warrington, were brought before the magistrates, charged
with unlawfully wounding some keepers in the employ of
Thos. Lyon, Esq., of Appleton Hall, Cheshire. John Hunt,
the head keeper, stated that he was watching, on Friday
night, with assistants, and saw a body of poachers pass a
field in which he and his assistants were. After giving them
time to set their nets, the keepers sprang out of the cover.
They were seen by the poachers, and a desperate conflict en-
sued, in which bludgeons and stones were freely used. The
poachers retreated in a body, pursued by the keepers, and
some of the poachers were captured. At this time another
body of poachers came into the field, and seeing how matters
were going with their companions, in their turn ran after
the keepers, and coming up with those who had their cap-
tives on the ground, seriously maltreated them. The cries
of their comrades brought the keepers to their rescue, and
the result was a general flight of the poachers, leaving two of
their number in the keepers' hands. The other three pri-
soners having been identified, they were apprehended.—
The magistrates, after fully investigating the case, decided
on committing the prisoners to the next quarter sessions at
linutsford.-31anchester Guardian.

DEATH BY CHOKING.—On Monday afternoon a
young woman, of an unfortunate class, named Margaret
Stevenson or Calcott, residing in Anderson's-close, Cow-
gate, met her death under the following circumstances :
About three o'clock, the landlady of the house where she
lodged awoke her, and then returned to the kitchen, leaving
her eating her dinner, consisting of beef and broth, in bed.
In a few minutes she came staggering to the kitchen door,
pointing to her throat, and unable to speak. The landlady
perceiving that a piece of beef had stuck in her lodger's
throat, tried to relieve her, but on finding her efforts to do so
ineffectual, she despatched a girl for the assistance of Dr.
Meldrum, Grassmarket. The messenger returned in a few
minutes, stating that the doctor was not at home • upon
which the landlady hurried her off to the Royal Infirmary
for aid. In the meantime, every effort was made to relieve
the sufferer, but in vain ; and by the time that four medical
men from the Infirmary reached the house she had expired.
—Edinburgh Express.
BURNING A CANDLE IN BED.—On Thursday
night, about buff-past 12 o'clock, a family, near Lynn, were
disturbed by the cries of the maid-servants, and on going to
their room found the bed in flames from top to bottom.
They instantly procured water and extinguished the fire,
with no other damage than the loss of the bed furniture,
the rather severe burning of one of the fingers of one of the
servants, and the alarm of the family. But the escape
was most providential, as it appears that the servants fell
asleep with the candle on the pillow, and were awakened by
a spark falling on the hand of one of them. Had it fallen
on her dress or on the bed-clothes, in all probability they
would have lost their lives and the house been burnt to the
ground.—Lynn Advertiser.
SUICIDE IN FETTER-LANE.—Yesterday morning
between the hours if seven and eight o'clock, a determined
suicide was committed by Mrs. Pettinger, wife of Mr. G.
Pettinger, of the White Hart Tavern, Fetter-lane, Hol-
born. It appears that the unfortunate woman has been
lady in a very low and desponding state of mind, and had
been placed in a lunatic asylum, but recovered, and it was
not apprehended that she would attempt self-destruction.
Yesterday morning, however, on her husband going down
stairs, she got a rope and attached it to her pocket hand-
kerchief, threw the rope over the rail of the bedstead, tied
the handkerchief round her throat, and jumped off. When
she was discovered in this state life was extinct.

SUICIDE OF A SURGEON.—Mr. Wakley, the
coroner for Weft Middlesex, held an inquest yesterday after-
noon touching the death of Mr. John Skinner, aged 31
years, a medical gentleman residing at No. 6, Leighton-
grove, Kentish-town, who put a period to his exist:nce by
poison on Monday last the 4th inst. Mrs. Emily Skinner,
only 21 years of age, stated that she was the wife of the de-
ceased, Mr. Skinner. She found him dead in bed on Mon-
daylast, about 20 minutes to one o'clock in the afternoon. She
immediately sent to Mr. Miller, the chemist from whom her
husband purchased his drugs, and also to Mr. Rawlins, sur-
geon. They both came without loss of time. On the
top of the bedroom drawers she subsequently found
a small blue phial, labelled—" Hydrocyanic acid," quite
empty ; her husband had obtained it from the shop
of Mr. Miller on the 13th of September last. Mr. Miller
had informed her that such was the case. She asked her
husband for it, but he refused to state where it was. She
consequently searched for it, but could not find it; her hus-
band had never before attempted suicide, although he had
threatened to destroy himself before he obtained the poison.
He was a man of very intemperate habits, and his violence
of temper was extreme. A large wound on her forehead had
been caused by the deceased striking her with a three-quart
jug in the month of July last. When he began life about
ten years ago he came to a good practice, an was then a
man of property. His father left him £lO,OOO, which he
obtained on arriving at the age of 21. She was his second
wife, and there were four children in all, namely, three by
the first wife, and sho (witness) had borne him one. He
had gone through all his property, and had also disposed of
the furniture of the house by a bill of sale a short time be-
fore he committed suicide. In reply to some question by the
jury the witness was understood to say that the reason why
she went up stairs was that she heard her husband e,xclaim
" I've done it, l've done it." Mr. R. A. Rawlins, surgeon,
of Francis-place, Kentish-town, stated that on arriving in
the room he ascertained that Mr. Skinner was quite dead.
There was a strong smell of prussic acid pervading the place
which he traced tb the deceased. The post mortem exami-
nation left no doubt on the point. Mr. Miller, the chemist,
of Gloucester-place, deposed to having supplied Mr. Skinner
with the prussic acid, and said that the deceased told him it
was for an experiment. The label explained the nature of
the medicine. The jury returned a verdict to the effect
that death was caused by prussic acid, administered by him-
self when in an 1111801,111 d state of mind.

LATEST NEWS.

INDIA AND CHINA MAILS.

(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)

SOUTHAMPTON, THURSDAY MORNING.
The Salsette steamer, Capt. Brown, has arrived,
with the East India and China mails.

She left Alexandria Sept. 25, Malta Sept. 28,
and Gibraltar Oct. 2.

The Salsette brings 93 passengers, £1,760 in
specie, and general cargo.

The Indus, with outward InEa mails of the 20th
ult., roached. Gibraltar .at 7.30 a.m. on the 26th,
with loss of a boat and part of a paddle-wheel
washed away in a gale. She proceeded to Malta
at 2.30 p.m. same day.
The Malta, with Bombay mails of the 25th,
arrived at Gibraltar on the 29th, four days from
this.

The French brig Hippolyte was capsized by a
whirlwind between Algesiras and Gibraltar, and
sunk. Captain Labautier and one man drowned ;
rest saved. Several minor casualties occurred in
the same storm.

The following telegrams have received at Mr.
Reuter's office, Oct. 7, 10.58:
VIENNA, THURSDAY, OCT. 7.
The Vienna Gazette of this day publishes a new
law concerning the military conscription.
The term of military service remains at eight
years as previously.
The nobility will not be exempt.
King Otho is expected at Trieste on his return
to Greece.

BERNE, OCT. 7.

The Federal Council has decided to send Messieurs
Dubs and Rischaf to Geneva, as Commissioners for
the execution of the federal decree concerning the
political refugees.

FRANCE.
PARIS, WEDNESDAY.

The Emperor of Russia has conferred on the aide-
de-camp who accompanied Prince Napoleon to
Warsaw the Cross of St. Vladimir, and on the other
officers of the suite that of St. Stanislas. Lieut.-
Colonel Faidherbe, Governor of Senegal, has
obtained leave of absence to visit Paris. 'He is to
confer with the Emperor on the plans now for
some time under consideration for the improve-
ment of the colony under the Colonel's orders. The
son of Fuad Pasha will remain in Paris as one of
the secretaries of the Ottoman Embassy. It is said
that apartments have been engaged at the Hotel
de Louvre for Jung Bahadoor, the Nepaulese
Prince, who is expected here on his way to London.
Mehemed Bey will shortly arrive in Paris to re-
sume his mission as Turkish Ambassador. " Fuad
Pacha, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Turkey,'
says a Vienna letter, " will pass through this city
on his way from Paris to Constantinople, and will
stay some days, in order to come to an understand.
ing with Count de Buol relative to the affair of the
navigation of the Danube." Turkey and Austria
continue to act together in the closest alliance on
all foreign questions.
General Codrington and Colonel Blanc have
arrived at the camp of Chalons by invitation of the

Emperor.
Baron Ward, the famed Yorkshire groom, who
played so prominent a part at the Court of Parma,
died last night at Vienna. The history of this ex-
traordinary man is full of remarkable events. He
left Yorkshire as a boy in the pay of Prince Lichten-
stein of Hungrry, and after a four years' successful
career on the turf at Vienna, as a jockey, he became
employed by the then reigning Duke of Lucca. He
was at Lucca promoted from the stable to be valet
to his Royal Highness. This service he performed
up to 1846. About that period he was made Master
of the Horse to the Ducal. Court. Eventually he
became Minister of the Household and Minister of
Finance, which office he held when the Duke abdi-
cated in 1848. At this period he became an active
agent of Austria during the revolution. As Austria
triumphed he returned to Parma as Prime Minis •
ter, and negotiated the abdication of Charles 11.,
and placed the youthful Charles 111. on the
throne ; who, it will be remembered, was assas-
sinated before his own palace in 1854. It should
be observed that as soon as Charles 111. came to the
throne the then Baron Ward was sent to Germany
by his patron as Minister Plenipotentiary to repre-
sent Parma at the Court of Vienna. This post he
held up to the time of his royal patron's tragical
end. When the present Duchess Regent assumed
State authority, Ward retired from public life, and
took to agricultural pursuits in the. Austrian do-
minions. Without any educational foundation he
contrived to write and speak German, French, and
Italian, and conducted the affairs of State with con-
siderable cleverness, if not with remarkable straight-
forwardness. Baron Ward was married to a humbis
person of Vienna, and has left four children. Per-
haps no man of modern times passed a more varied
and romantic life than Ward, the groom, statesman,
and friend of sovereigns. From the stable he rose
to the highest offices of a little kingdom, at a
period of great European political interest, and
died in retirement, pursuing the rustic operation of
a farmer, carrying with him to the grave many
curious arcana inzperii.

BOURSE, Oct. 6.—The market has been heavy,
with a limited amount of business doing, but there
has been no material change of prices. Threes
have been done at 74f. 15c., and are now at 74f. 5c.;
Mobilier varied from 1,015 f. to 1,002 f. 50c. ; Aus-
trian, 662 f. 50e. to 660 f. ; Orleans, 1,400 f. to
1,395 f. ; Lyons, 885 f. to 882 f. 50c. ; Eastern, 742 f.
50e. to 740 f. ; and Southern, 610 f. to 605 f. The
following were the last quotations :

41 per Cents. .... 96 50
Do. end month .. 96 60

sperVe;ct;-- 73 70
Do. end month 73 85

CrMit Fonder 670
Belgian 4f . —
Piedmontese (6) 92
Roman 93
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt

-- ..,--
Bank Shares 3090
Credit Mobilier 985
Do. Account 985

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern
New ditto 835 .. 835
Lyons and Mediterranean 88t) .. 880
New ditto — -- • . --
Geneva 665 .. 652 50

.. 605 - . ; 605 ::
.. 622 50 .. 620 -
.. 737 60 .. 740 -

Midi .
Western.
Eastern
Grand Central
Sardinian 460 .. 462 50
Austrian
Exchange on London, at sight, paper, 25f. 17c. ; money,
25f. 15c. ; three months, paper, 25f. ; money, 24f. 971 e.

eot.o I. MA,
'4.s7'
:2:114c y" • , • •
• k• cAtt.
T.l6t 14.4,"''t • ;tom S • >6141.:" "4.
A:• -

THE SUN.
THURSDAY. OCTOBER 7, 1656.