The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATUPLDA I EVENING, APRIL 20, 1867.

. .
LT 0 W ELL, JAMES, and C0.,1
11 By Special Appointment to her Majesty the Queen,
their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales,
and the principal Courts of Europe,
GOLDSMITHS, JEWELLERS, and SILVERSMITHS,
5, REGENT-STREET, PALL-MALL.
Specialite for Monogram Jewellery in Diamonds, Crystal,

Gold Eniimel, and Precious Stones.
Messrs. H., J., and Co. employ only Artists of repute
as Designers of Monograms, and they respectfully invite
the Nobility and Gentry to inspect specimens of these
artistic productions, as also their now and varied Stock of
Gold and Silver Work, especially designed for the forth-
coming Season. Photographs highly finished as Minia-
tures. Class 36, Precious Metals Court, P.E.

METROPOLITAN and GREAT WESTERN
RAILWAYS.
EASTER HOLIDAYS.—EXTRA TRAINS.
TRAINS every twenty minutes to and from. HAM-
MERSMITH. Trains every half-hour to and from KEN-
SINGTON and the CITY.

TOHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
a TOOTH PASTE is greatly superior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasqut fragrance to
the breath. Price Is. 841.—Bed Bull Wharf. 83, Upper
Thames-street. London:

PARIS.—SILKS, MANTLES, FANCY
GOODS.—AUX VILLES DE I.'ItA.NCE, 51, Rue
Vivienne, and 104, Rue Richelieu, near the Boulevards and
the Bourse, the largest Emporium iu Paris. Prices mark, d
in plain figures. English Assistants.
Dresses made to measure in 48 hours.

GEOLOG Y.—ELEMENTARY COLLEC-
TIONS, to Illustrate the New Edition of "Lyon's
Elements of Geology" slid facilitate the important study of
Mineralogy and neology, can be had at 2,5, 10, 20, 50 to 500
guineas ; also single Specimens of Minerals, Ro3ks, Fossils,
and Recent Shells,Geologleal Maps. Hammers, all the recent
Publications, &c., of J. TENNANT. Mineralogist to Her
Majesty, 149, Strand, London.
Private Instruction is given in Mineralogy and Geology by
Mr. TENNANT, F.G.S., 149, Strand, W.C.

EA '
.EAPE R ---T HAN -E V &R.
ls. 61, 25., 2s 61 per lb. are the prices at which
PHILLIPS and CO.,
Tea Merchants, 8,
are s Kingelling William-sand netree fit, City, London, E.C.,
good
BLACK TEA.
A. price Current post free. 40e worth carriage free to any
Railway, Station or Market Town in the United Kingdom.
All goods carriage free to all parts of London.
Observe— Fulmars and Co. have no Agents.
Sugars are supplied at market prices.

DUNVILLES V.R. OLD IRISH WHISKY,
BELFAST,
Is regularly supplied to the Souse of Lords.

"V.R." IRISH WHISKY.
DUNVILLE and CO.'S " V.R." OLD IRISH
WHISKY, BELFAST.

London Ofibea and Stores,
4, BEA.UFO UT-BUILDING:3, STRAND, W.C.
Established MS. Quotations on application.

JAMES DALY and CO., Distillers John-street,
Cork.—" The purest spirit and safest drink in the
world."—London Offices, 7, Printing-house-square, 8.0.,
next the "Times."

TAmrs DALY and CO., Distillers, John-street,
Cork, beg to announce that they r.re able to supply the
trade with their celebrated Whiskies, in casks or cases, and
to take orders in bond and for exportation, at their offices, 7,
Printing-house-square, London, E C., the only house in the
square not occupied by the "Times." J. D. and Co.'s whiskies
bring the highest prices in the Australian and other Colonial
market., as may be observed by relerence to the " Journal of
Commerce of Victoria," by which it will be seen that their
whiskies fetch 6d. per gallon and is. per case over the next
best, and Is. 6d per gallon and ss. 6d. a case over the lowest
quotation. Always on hand a large supply of .ve'y old
mellow whisky in the finest condition, matured in sherry
casks, unsurpassable in quality and flavour, supplied on the
most reasonable terms.

ENTRANTS IN 1867 PARTICIPATE IN FIFTH DIVISION OF
PROFITS.
MUTUAL ASSURANCE WITHOUT MUTUAL LIABILITY.
PROFITS APPLIED SO AS TO MAKE POLICIES PAYABLE IN
LIFETIME.
AND SO AS TO RAISE SECOND CLASS LIVES, AFTER A
DEFINED PERIOD, TO FIRST CLASS RATES.
BRITISH EQUITAB LE ASSURANCE
COMPANY,
4, Queen-street-place, Southwark-bridge, London, E.C.
DIRECTORS.
George Thomas Dale, Esq., Bayswater.
Edmund Dunn, Esq., Croydon.
William Gover, Esq., Blackheath.
William Sutton Gover Esq., 4, Queen-street-place. ,
John Middleton Hare, 'Esq., Forest Hill.
Fountain John Hartley, Esq., Daiston.
John Sniither, Esq., Wellclose-square.
Joseph Warmington, Esq., Lee-grove, Blackheath.
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND ACTUARY.
'William Sutton Gover, Esq., F.S.S., F.I.A.
AUDITORS.
Mr. Deputy Obbard, Blackheath.
Charles Brown, Esq., Wadden.
. William George Lemon, Esq., Blackheath

BANKERS.
The London and Westminster Bank.
PHYSICIAN.
William Munk, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. (Fellow of tho Royal
College of Physicians of London), 40, Finsbury-square.
SURGEON.
Thomas Carr Jackson, Esq. (Fellow of the Royal College
of Surgeons, Surgeon to the Great Northern Hospital,
King's-cross), 3, Weymouth-street, Portland-place.

NO-TI C 1

C. F. HANCOCK, SON, & CO.,

JEWELLERS AND SILVERSMITHS TO THE QUEEN AND

PRINCE AND PRINCESS OF WALES,

And by Special Appointment to the principal Sovereigns
and Courts of Europe,
Beg respectfully to state that their only Address is
33 & 39, BRUTON-STREET,

'ii ades'-, Unions.

The examination before the ROyal CotAmisciou on
Trades' Unions of Mr. Coulson, whose. evidence in

the building trade was given in The Sun of yester-
day, was followed by Mr. G. Howell, bricklayer,
and at present the Secretary of the Reform League.
This witness had beard the evidence given by Mr.
Coulson, and, being examined upon the several points
stated by that witness, he corroborated that evidence.

He said there was a general objection on the part of
bricklayers to working with persons not qualified to
work at the trade, and they showed that objection
in other ways than by " sending to Coventry" the
persons, inasmuch as they struck against them. He
had never been a patty to any measures which would

occasion distress to a man beyond refusing to speak
to him, and though accusations had been brought
against the Union men of using violence, none of
these had been supported. Ile joined the society in
1859, before the great strike of that year, and he
joined it, not tecause he found it stand in his way
by hindering him from making the best of his ability,
but because be decided to throw his lot in with the

society in obtaining a reduction of the hours of labour.
The wages fixed by the society were the minimum

of what a skilled man ought to receive; but, though
employers were not bound to limit themselves to this
payment, and might give as much more as they liked,
yet they seldom did so, unless it was to make a man a
" bell-horse" to lead his fellows on to do more work

than they properly could—a form of " chasing" as it
was termed among the masons. A foreman might

give a good and more than ordinarily skilled man an
g I treat= aday, but this was, he said, an underhand
way of paying a man. There was no objection to a
man doing as much work as he could ; but the men
decidedly objected to the " chasing" principle, and
they also decidedly objected to piecework where a
man got lower wages than the minimum. The
men would object to work with a non-society
man who received less than the minimum
wages. The evidence seemed further to point out
that there was not among the bricklayers so much
arbitrary exclusion as among the masons, and one
pleasing fact came out. Mr. Roebuck asked, " Sup-
posing that a man were sick and enfeebled by bad
health, but still a very good workman, he could not
do perhaps so much at other men. Supposing he
were to ask for work and to take less wages, would
you object -to that ?" Witness—Yes ; but in such a
case, this is what the men would do. In the first
place the foreman, if he were a foreman of any judg-
ment whatever, would put himwhere his skill would
be made available without any great injury to his
health. In the next place, there are but few men
who would not feel pleasure in adding a brick each
to enable the man to do the ordinary amount of
work. Supposing five workmen were working on
what is called a line, those fivemen would divide the
I whole length of the building into five spaces, and if

one man was known to be ill or feeble, the other
four would, as a rule, leave him the smallest portion
of that work. They would do that naturally and
without any hesitation." The witliess stated further
that the union had increased wages, lowered the
hours of labour, and tended to decrease drunken-
ness among the men.

Mr. R. Applegarth, the secretary of the Amalga
mated Society of Carpenters and Joiners, was exa.

mined at very great length. He said the society had
189 branches and 8,261 nrmnbers, and its income in
1865 was £10,487 155., and its expenditure £6,733
lls. sid. The society had progressed very much
during the last year, there being an increase in that
period of 2,500 members.
The witness then described the purposes of the
society, which combines a trade and friendly society,
and the purpose apparently of combining the two is
to have more influence over the members in enforc-
ing the trade claims, as a man ceasing to act in con-
formity with the rules in the trade loses his benefits.
Each member subscribes a shilling per week and
3d. per quarter to a benevolent and contingent fund.
" The benefits," the witness said, " are as follows :
Donation benefit for 12 weeks, 10s. per week ; and
for another 12 weeks, Gs. per week. For leaving em-
ployment satisfactory to branch or executive coun-
cil, 15s. per week ; tool benefit to any amount of
loss, or when a man has been a member for only
six months, £5 ; sick benefit for 26 weeks, 12s. per
week, and then Gs. per week so long as this illness
continues; funeral benefit £l3 or £3 10s., when a
six months' member dies; accident benefit, £lOO ;
superannuation benefit for life, if a member 25 years,
Bs. per week ; if a member 18 years, 7s. per week
if a member for 12 years, ss. per week. The emigra-
tion benefit is £6, and there are benevolent grants,
according to circumstances, in cases of distress."
He went on to speak of the decisions which had
lately been given, declaring the rules illegal, as they
acted in restraint of trade. The particular rule re-
ferred to was one giving 15s. a week to a member
" leaving his employment under circumstances satis-
factory to the branch or executive council." By that
rule the executive were enabled to withdraw men
from work on any pretext they thought satisfactory,
and this rule was acted upon about a dozen times a
year, and involved from 20 to 100 men leaving their
work. The money paid under this head was nearly
a third of the whole expenditure of the society, being
in 1865 £1,941 Bs. lid. ; but in this was included
money paid for law expenses in enabling men to ob-
tain " privileges of trade." With respect to strikes
there was one last year not acknowledged by the
society at Manchester. That strike was not sanc-
tioned by the executive, because they " disapproved
of a strike at that time on account of the monetary
crisis," but the society was forced to support some
men through it, as masters locked out some who did
not strike. The strike was successful, as by it the
men had obtained an advance of 2s. a week, and an
hour reduction of time. There was another strike
at Torquay, and this was successful, and the cir-
cumstances which led to this strike were drawn out
by Mr. Roebuck, who asked if there was any influx
of business to the masters on that occasion, to which
the witness answered " We have our monthly trades'
reports, of which I have furnished the Commissioners
with a copy, in which you will find the state of
trade stated to be good, bad, or indifferent, as the
case may be, from month to month, and year to
year ; that is the ground on which we judge of the
condition of the trade. In the particular case in
question there was every reason to believe that the
men were going to have a busy summer, and, com-
paring things there with other towns near them, we
felt that they were underpaid, and the state of trade
would warrant an increase of wages." Mr. Roe-
buck.—" So that the strike really originated in
Torquay out of the briskness of trade ?" IVitness
" Yes." Mr. Roebuck.—" And the briskness of
trade on the part of the masters caused the men to
ask for an increase of wages ?" Witness.—" Yes."
Mr. Roebuck.—" Do the men in time of depression
of trade ever mention to the masters a diminution of
wages ?" Witness. —" It is not very natural that
men should mention it ; but I can refer to instances
where men have agreed to it where it has been men-
tioned to them by the masters." Mr. Roebuck.—
"Do not they usually refuse it ?" Witness.—" Yes,
they do not like a reduction of their wage, of
course." Mr. Roebuck.—" They take advantage of
the briskness of trade on the part of the masters to
ask for an increase of wage, but they do not like
that the masters should take advantage (if you call
it an advantage) of the slackness of trade to lower
the wage ?" Witness.—" They do take advantage
of a briskness of trade to ask for an increase, and
they do not like a reduction any more than we
suppose the employers like to pay an increase." The
witness entered at length into the history of other
strikes made for the advance of wages and decrease
of hours. On some other questions of interfering
with a man as to the work he should do, and referring
particularly to a prohibition of men doing any work
after hours for their employers customers, the follow-
ing examination took place :—Mr. Roebuck asked
" So that you do really interfere with a man's judg-