The Sun.
London, England, 1858-11-19 00:00:00

BORDER COUNTIES.

The directors of the Border Counties Railwa y
have given the usual Parliamentary notices of their
intention to apply for powers to extend their line
from the present terminus at Belling, in Northum-
berland, to Castleton, in Roxburghshire. From
this point, though no part of the company's appli-
cation, it is intended to form a junction with the
proposed extension of the North British from
Hawick to Carlisle. Two short branches are also
proposed from Birtley, neat. Chollerton, into Bute-
land and Bellingham. It is intended by the Bor-
der. Counties Company to obtain Parliamentary
sanction to receive, in case of necessity, assistance
from the North British and Newcastle and, Carlisle
Companies. A separate company, the Wansbeck
Valley Railway, are applying for powers to make
a line from Morpeth to Buteland to join the Border
counties at the Millhaugh on the Reed. The ap -
plication made by the Wansbeck Valley Company
includes a provision to make the necessary arrange-
ments for the traffic, use, and working between
their line, the North-Eastern, the Blyth and Tync,
the North'British, and the Border Counties.
HAWICK AND CARLISLE, via LIDDES-
DALE.
A meeting was held at Edinburgh on Monday of
the local committees of the Liddesdale Line, at
which a- new scheme was submitted by the North
British Railway. The projected line is proposed
to be called the Border Union Railway, and it is to
be double. It is to leave the North British Rail-
way station at Hawick, and, passing through the
valleys of the Slitri6 and the Liddell, it is to pro-
ceed direct to Carlisle via Longtown, instead of
availing itself of any portion of the Caledonian Rail-
way. Branchesare proposes to Langholm, Canobie,
and Gretna, so as to meet the wants of the whole dis-
trict, and to open up the valuable and extensive coal-.
fields and the freestone quarries and lime deposits
that exist there. The estimated required capital is
£495,000, and nearly all the principal landowners
and occupiers on the line are said to be favourable
to .the undertaking, except the Duke of Buccleuch,
who gives his support to the .rival scheme of the
Caledonian Company. The companies that last
year supported the North British have agreed to
give their support to the new scheme. At the
meeting on
.Monday a letter was read from Sir
James Graham, promising his cordial co-operation
in promoting the amended measure, and resolutions
were passed pledging the meeting to its support,
and authorising the opening of subscription lists
for the purchase of stock.

SUNDERLAND DOCK.
The usual notices have been given of an intention
to apply to Parliament to transfer this dock to the
River Wear Commissioners. It is also contemplated
to extend the dock accommodation by converting
the timber pond into a deep water dock.

•
He must have been an extraordinary child, judg-
ing by his own account of himself as a teacher in a
school from the age of seven. He was under-master_
at nine. He maintained himself as a shopnian for
a few years, being always treated with a con-
sideration and liberality which testify to there hav-
ing been something impressive about him. Ark-
wright's machinery was then coming into use; and
at the age of 18, Robert Owen became a partner in
a cotton mill where 40 meu were employed. He
was prosperous, and rose froin one lucrative concern
to another till he became the head of the New
Lanark establishment, which included a farm of
150 acres, and supported 2,000 inhabitants. The
ordinary notion of Robert Owen among those who
had not examined his operations is, that he was
that kind of " amiable enthusiast," who is always
out at elbows, and making his friends so ; but
nothing could be further from the truth. He was
a consummate man of business, never wrong in con-
crete matters, however curiously mistaken in his
abstract views. He made many fortune), and
enabled others to make them ; and if he had been
selfish and worldly, might have died the wealthiest
of cotton lords, or a prodigious landed proprietor.
No one could go over any of his successive establish-
ments, in SCotland, America, or England, without
being convinced, in the first place, of the economy
of association, and, in the next, of Mr. Owen's re-
markable ability in the ordination and conduct of
the machinery of living. His arrangements for the
health of an aggregate multitude, fer their com-
fortable feeding, clothing, leisure, and amusement ;
the methods of cooking, warming, washing, light.
ing ; the management of the mill and the farm, the
school and the ball-room, everything requiring the
exercise of the economic and administrative facul-
ties, was of a rare quality of excellence under his
hand. In ten years, while all the world was ex-
pecting his ruin from his new-fangled schemes, he
bought out his partners at New Lanark for
£84,000. His new partners and he realised in four
years more than £150,000 profit; and he bought
them out for £114,000. These are facts which
ought to be known.
Those New Lanark mills were set up when Owen
was a boy, in 1784, by Arkwright, in conjunction
with the benevolent David Dale, of Glasgow, whose
daughter became Robert Owen's wife. How they
were managed by Owen we have seen. In 1816 he
found himself at liberty to try his own methods
with his work-people, and his social and educational
success was so striking that many of the great ones
of the earth came to him to learn his method. In spite
of his liberalism emperors and kings and absolute
statesmen went to Lanark, or invited Mr. Owen to
their courts. In spite of his infidelity, prelates and
their clergy, and all manner of dissenting leaders,
inspected his schools. In spite of the horror of old
bigots and new economists, territories were offered
to him in various parts of the world on which to
try his schemes on a large scale. Metternich in-
vited him to a succession of interviews, and em-
ployed Government clerks for many days in
registering conversations and copying documents;
and there was less absurdity than some people sup-
posed in Mr. Owen's sanguine expectation that his
" new system of society" would soon be established
in Austria. Though he did not see it, there was
much in his method of organisation:which might be
turned to excellent purpose by an arbitrary Govern-
ment ; and whenever the Prussian system of edu-
cation, with its fine promises, its sedulous adminis-
tration, and its heartless and hopeless results, is
brought under our notice, our remembrance travels
back to New Lanark, with its dogmas, its discipline,
the mild and beneficent solicitude Which brooded
over it, and its dependence for genuine liberty and
free individuality on the personal character of the
administrator. The discipline in the two cases
might be different, and the dogmas opposite ; but
the educational system had strong resemblances.
This ought to be easily conceivable when it is re-
membered that Metternich was a pupil of Owen's,
and the Mexican Government his patron, and
Southey his eulogist. In 1828 our own cabinet
sanctioned and furthered his going out to Mexico,
to see about a district which was offered him there,
150 miles broad, including the golden California
of our day. There must have been something in
Mr. Owen's doings to cause such incidents as these.
The " amiable enthusiast" himself steadily believed
that it was the love of humankind which was the
bond between himself and all these potentates ;
but wise men saw, and the event has proved, that
the temptation lay in the opportunity his schemes
afforded for training men to a subserviency which
he was very far from desiring.
Robert Owen was the founder of Infant Schools.
Many had conceived the idea,but he was the first to
join the conception and the act. De Fellenberg had
instituted education in connexion with agricultural
industry, but had not particularly contemplated
infants in his scheme. Others had in theirs ; but it
was not till Henry Brougham had reported to his
parliamentary and other friends in London what
was actually done at New Lanark, and they had
consulted with Mr. Owen, and borrowed his school-
master, that Brougham, Romilly, Ben. Smith,
Zachary Macaulay, and Lord Lansdowne set up an
infant school in Westminster. This was in 1819,
when Owen's school had been in operation three
years. As usual, in such cases, the immediate
benefit was obvious enough, before the attendant
mischiefs began to show themselves. Robert Owen
was extremely happy in, having surrounded these
babes with " happy circumstances," amidst which
they could not but grow up all that he could wish ;
and less sanguine men than he gloried and rejoiced
in the prospect of the redemption of the infant
population of our towns. It did not occur to them
that the mortality among the children might be in
proportion to their removal from the natural influ-
ences of the family, and of a home where no two
members of the household are of the same age, or
at the same stage of mind. The fearful mortality
from brain disease which has since taken place in
infant schools was the dark side of the picture
which Owen did not see—the warning given out
by the experiment, which he did not hear. The
bright part of the result was the proof that educa-
tion could go on well—and better perhaps than ever
before—without rewards and punishments ; or, we
may rather say, as Mr. Owen's benign presence and
approbation were a constant reward, without any
arbitrary visitation whatever.
And what has come of all the noble promises held
out by a man so good, and in many respects so
capable, as Robert Owen P He once made nearly
3,000 people an example of comfort, decent conduct,
and unusual cultivation, at a time when poverty,
. crime, and ignorance made all good men's hearts
sad. What are the results ? The results lie in
the improved views and conduct of a very large
number of descendants from Owen's pupils ; and
yet more in the impulse that he imparted to the
co-operative principle. The Christian Socialists
aa
nr are histh e disciples,
Secularists politically,
are
hisisciples, philosohically,
though n 4 religiously ;
course politically. He is, and
d
though not as of p
will sooner or later be admitted to be, the father of
the great social changes which are preparing, and
going forward, as the evidence of the eco-
nomy d
of association becomes more clear. But his
own special schemes failed—one and all; and if he
had lived two centuries, scheming at his own nimble
rate, his enterprises would never have succeeded,
because they were founded on an imperfect view of
the human being for whose benefit he lived and
'would willingly have died. In 1824 he formed a
group of communities in America, having purchased
the Harmony Estate, consisting of a village and
30,000 acres of land, from the Rappites, Who were

A correspondent at Nice writes :—" The King
of Wurtemberg, the Grand Duchess Olga, and
the Grand Duke Constantine are expected
shortly, The Grand Duchess Catherine and her
Consort Prince George of Mecklenburg are living
here in a very retired manner. It is scarcely
necessary to say that the consequence of these
movements is the presence of a great number of
Russian families in Nice. In fact, so strong is the
Muscovite element here, that generals could be
found in sufficient number to command all the
armies of Europe, while the diplomatists out of place
and councillors of State would suffice to organise
any number of conferences. As for Russian princes
and princesses, they form an army in themselves,
having for leaders the families of Soukosanetti,
Mourawieff, Orousoff, Scripitzin, Barclay de Tony,
and Baggawood. The general of the latter name,
who is the indirect representative of the Odessa
Steam Navigation Company, has just been offered
the choice between senator and member of the mili-
tary council, in return for the part he took in the
Villafranca negotiations. Several great German fa-
milies have also arrived here for the season ; at their
head is Count Than, the Austrian diplomatist, who
is accompanied by a suite of twenty-one persons.
Another diplomatist, Rustem Bey, Turkish Minis-
ter at the Court of Turin, has also taken up his
quarters here for the winter. The English element
is strong in ladies and children, but singularly
weak in male representatives. The Countess
of Seafield, Countess Dysart, Ladies H. Ben-
tinck, Cochrane, Frances Knox, Molesworth,
Gilbert East, &e., are amongst the English re-
sidents. Prince Bibeseo and other well-known
boyards have also engaged villas for the season.
The French colony is numerically strong; of
course, everybody is at the least a count or coun-
tess. The most interesting member of this colony
•
is the wife of Baron Viper, the formerly incom-
parable Cruvelli. The same inscrutable law which
raises every travelling Frenchman to the rank of
count or viscount, rules in a milder degree over
the Italian members of the foreign society of Nice,
they are one and all chevaliers. The limited
number of English gentlemen in Nice is doubtless
to be attributed to the intense dulness of the place,
and to the impossibility of passing a day without
suffering more or less ennui. The natives appear
to have no idea that the foreigners, who bring
prosperity to the town, require a little entertain.
ment and distraction. The inhabitants of Pisa
also failed to comprehend the necessity of reliev-
ing the normal dulness of their town, consequently
„Pisa has gone to the dogs. No attempt is made
by the Nice people to amuse the foreign visitor ;
for the opera cannot be seriously regarded as an
entertainment; it is visited on first representations
and then abandoned. Moreover, the majority of
visitors abstain from facing the night air. Since
the natives will not attempt to afford the
visitor the means of passing an hour or two in an
agreeable manner, the task—which, if well un-
derstood, might be turned into a source of consi-
derable profit—has devolved on strangers to the
place. Now, let me see how I can pass this after-
noon, when tired of bending over the newspapers
On consulting a local journal, which, by-the-by'
has just commenced discussing that very lively,
question of the Jew boy of Bologna, I ascertain
that two French musicians of more or less legiti-
mate merit, are giving, a series of chamber con-
certs. There is nothing peculiarly novel or
attractive in this performance, and with the most
charitable of dispositions, it is difficult to regard a
fourth-rate concert in the light of an amusement.
On prosecuting my researches in the advertisement
page, I discover that two other French musicians
are giving a series of matinees musicales. That
certainly will not suit. The list of' amusetnents'
closes here ; for a course of 12 lectures on homoeo-
pathy, delivered by M. A. Berryer, ex-secretary of
the Docks Napoleon Company, can scarcely be con-
sidered entertaining. I may, as well notice a commu-
nication, purporting to be addressed fromVillafranca
to the Gazette du Midi of Marseilles of 7th, which
may be copied into your Paris contemporaries. It is
stated in this communication that 24 vessels are in
the port of Villefranche, comprising Russian Go-
vernment vessels awaiting the orders of High Ad-
miral Constantine.' rhe truth is this—there are
three mercantile vessels at present in Villefranche,
not one of which carries the Russian flag. The
correspondent closes with the following astou. tiding
piece of impudence This port is separated from
the capital (Nice!) by a mountain crowned
with a fort dont le Gouvernenzent Imperial de
Busse fera quelque chose.' The Prince of Mo-
naco, Charles 111., has arrived in his dominions,
and has since been followed by the Dowager
Princess and the Princess Florestine—a good
name, by the by, for novel writers. The reigning
princess will not grace the rather restricted Court
circles, for incompatibility of temper prevails
amongst sovereigns as well as commoners. The
princess is 'of the Belgian de Merode family, and
she brought to the Monaco treasury a dowry of
three millions of francs. A judicial case which
bad excited some interest on this coast has just
been heard at Genoa. A cure of Issoverdi, near
that city, taking umbrage at the gay dresses worn
by some of his fair parishioners, launched out in
the pulpit into a furious denun2iation of vanity ;
but, instead of questioning the taste of the parties,
he questioned their virtue. Great, indignation was

The Column:Handicap of 50 sovs, added to a'Sweepstakes of
10 sovs, 2ft if declared, &c. The Second to receive £2O
the third to save his stake. Winners extra. About one
mile and a quarter.

Mr. La Mert's Katherine Logie, 5 yrs, Bst llb (French) I
Mr. George's Lady Dot, 3 yrs, Est 31b (J. Snowden) 2
Mr. Gulliver's , Apollo, 3 yrs, 7st llb (carried ist 21b)
(Cresswell) 3
The following also ran :—Medallion, Goul.d, and Broad-
ands.

The betting opened at 5 to 2 agst Katherne Logic, but
closed at 7to 2 agst her, 7 to 2 apt Medallion, 4 to leach
agst Lady Dot, Gourd, and Broadlands, 5 to 1 asst Apollo.
Won by a neck, two lengths between the second and third,
bad fourth. .

The Copeland Nursery Handicap of 5 soya each, with 50
added ; the second to save his stake , winners extra.
About one mile. (20 subs.)
Mr. T. Walker's Precious Stone, sst M.... (Challoner) 1
Mr. G. Castle's Old Robe:t, 10lb (Custaace) 2
Mr. Payde's Fat mer'sDaus.hte- filly, sst 81b (Grimshaw) 3
Mr. S. William's Hop Merchant, sst 131 b .. (Perry)
.4

The following also ran : —Hawthorne, Contract, The
weer, Whimsical, and Stratton.
Betting-5 to 4 agst Precious Stone, 4to 1 agst the Far-
mer's Daughter filly. Woa by two lensihs, a length be-
tween the second and third, some distance between the
third and fourth, Whimsical was fifth.

- ,
The Longleate Handicap ot 5 Boys each; the second to save
his stake; winners extra. About three furlongs and a
quarter.
Mr. T. Hughes's Spinet, by Orlando, 4 yrs, Bst 81b
(Custance) 1
Mr. Evans's Little Gerard, aged, 9st 51b.... (Plunits) 2
Mr. Blanton's Polly Johnson, 3 yrs, 7st 21b (Bullock) 3

Tba following also ran :—Tiara, Brandyball, Vulture,
Fusee, and Little Pegotty.
Betting-5 to 2 agst Spinet, 4to 1 each agst Polly John-
son and Fusee, 5 to 1 agst Tiara, 7 to 1 agst Little Gerard.
Won by two lengths, a length between the second and
third, a head between the third and fourth; good fifth. Bul-
lock was fined £5, and all the other jockeys in the race, ex-
cept Grimshaw, £2 each, for insubordinate conduct at the
posts.

Handicap Plate of 5 sovs each, with 25 added. Winners
extra. Five furlongs. (12 subs.)

Mr. Locke's New Brighton, by Birkenhead, aged, Bst 41b

_ .
Hughes) 1
Mr. T. Dawson's Mrs. Stowe, 2 yrs, sst 111 b.. (Madden) 2
Mr. T. Cliff's Lustre, 2 yrs, sst (A. Edwards) 3
The following also ran :—Boundaway, Raven, Petra, and
Skipjack,

Betting—Even on New Brighton, 3 to 1 agst Boundawny
Won by a length, two lengths between the second and third
moderate fourth. Parsons weighed for Ochiltrce, 2 yrs, sst
11b, but she did not get to the post in time to start.
New Raee, Silver Service of Plate (handicap), value £5O
the gift of Major Phibbs ; winners extra. Once round.

One mile 175 yards.
Mr. 3 yrs, 6st 61b....(Psr,;(71:hstar3bd1b3) fit
2
Lord Ev an 's
Mistytbl'-'s Morn,Charles the Second, 3 ..)7
Carp.
E i.tinc.hcrilsatrike:ss Ksiemsptrlelet,ons, sBtBtsl7b..
71b.. (French)
3
eneeh)) 4
MThe following- also ran :—Jealousy, colt by Epirus—
Eleot's dam, and Sobieski.
Betting-7 to 4 agst Charles the Second, sto 2 agst
Misty Morn, 6to 1 each agst Simpleton and Kestrel. A
dead heat with Misty Morn and Charles the Second, Kes-
trel was beaten a head from the two, bad fourth. The
Jade broke away and ran three times round the course
before she was pulled up. She did not run in the race.
The Scurry Stakes. About half a mile.

Chantress
Badsworth
Boundaway .
From some unexplained cause the result of the Handicap
Plate (one mile) has not been received up to the hour of
going to press,

CRO

Croydon Steeplechase. Abot
lished at 11 a

i(DON.
ut four miles. Weights pub-
t.m., Nov. 17.

st lb
Emigrant
Milkmaid
Shylock
Nigger Lass
Chelmanton
Ratcatcher lO 10
Sportsman lO 7
Tamworth lO 6
Evington Lass lO 6
The Farmer
Omar Pasha
Theodine

st lb
Hindoo
Chatham gelding 9 12
Kingscourt
Weatherglass
Fanny
Firefly
Innkeeper
Dayton .
Half-caste
Liverpool Boy .• • •
Comet filly, 4 yrs •. •
Don Vivant

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