The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 15, 1860.

read with interest. Our author thinks that if the
strategical measures for the concentration of troops,
be properly conducted, and Britons act with their
accustomed vigour, it is scarcely possible that in-
vaders should succeed in obtaining a footing on
the soil of this country. He remarks that practi-
cable breaches were defended successfully against
the best troops in the world, at Badajos, Burgos,
and St. Sebastian ; and he has no doubt that the
shores of Britain may be made equally impregna-
ble. The Duke of WELLINGTON, when contem-
plating the coast between Sandgate and Hythe
said to his staff, " Look at these splendid heights
all along the coast ; give me communications
which admit of rapid flank movements along those
heights, and I might set anything at defiance."
That rapid flank movement is now easy enough. By
no great addition to our present railways it would be
easy to concentrate troops at any spot on the coast ;
and thus, as our author observes, "just as steam,
ceases to be useful to the invaders (because his
ships could come no nearer to the shore), it becomes
most so to the defenders of the country." The elec-
tric telegraph would apprise every corps within
reach; and at the rate, if need were, of forty or
fifty miles an hour, men, guns, horses, everything,
could be all brought without fatigue and fresh for
action to the point where they were wanted. All
this, " if properly taken advantage of, will give to
the defenders of the country prodigious power of
concentrating their forces during the long time that
a landing of the invaders is being effected in open
row boats, subject to the action of strong tides and
other impediments on the coast."
It must be borne in mind that a landing can
never be the work of an hour after its probability
at any part of the coast is known to the natives.
Sir H. DOUGLAS observes that—

" However quickly the operation of transferring troops
from the transports to the boats which are to coivey them
to the shore may be performed, there must always elapse—
from the time that the armada comes in sight, and the in-
vader, by casting anchor, makes manifest his intention—a
considerable interval before the landing can be effected,
during which the preparations for opposing him may be
completed."

A statement of which he gives illustrations
from matters of fact. The grand object, there-
fore, he considers to be, that we should have our
railway communications and our whole force of
every kind in such a state of pre-arrangement as
to enable us to throw on every point of the coast
an army sufficient to drive back immediately any
number which can be landed at once. We cer-
tainly think the author shows that this can be done,
and would not be a difficult task either. He does
not, however, leave us on the coast, but takes us, in
the event of a landing being effected—which, if
his plans are carried out, will never be—into the
interior, whither we shall soon follow him.

Last Saturday eight county magistrates met at
Clerkenwell to discuss the merits of new applica-
tions for licenses for music and dancing. There
are, without doubt, some clever county magistrates
—men who act with common sense and consistency,
but the proceedings of the worthies who sat at
Clerkenwell on the 13th inst. does not justify us
in placing them among that number. The first
applicant was Mr. JAMES WARD (better known as
Int WARD) formerly a pugilist of some note, but
for the last twenty-five years a licensed victualler
of credit and respectability. He applied for a
license for music only ; his claim was numerously
supported by the neighbouring residents, and the
police authorities bore testimony to the orderly
manner in which his house was conducted. He had
gone to a considerable expense in fitting up an ex-
tensive music hall. The application was opposed
by a few individuals, virtually on the ground that
WARD had been a pugilist; for, although this was
not directly stated, it was implied by the fact that
the opposition was based on the ground that, on
oceasion of any remarkable fights, great crowds
collected round the doors of Mr. WARD'S house.
But, as Mr. SLEIGH -very properly observed,
although such gatherings might be cited in oppo-
sition to a spirit license, they could have nothing
to do with a license for music. Among others who
volunteered evidence, Mr. ROBERT CLERRING stated
that " he had himself visited the different houses in
Whitechapel which were licensed for music and
dancing. His opinion was that music was calcu-
lated to do a great deal of injury to the respecta-
bility of the inhabitants, but dancing corrupted every
one who went near the place." Upon such un-
answerable logic the application was refused.
Now, we do not maintain that it was at all
necessary for the amusement of the neighbourhood
that a license should be granted to the proprietor
of the King's Arms, Whitechapel. Perhaps there
are too many already who have the right to have
music in their houses in that locality ; but, in the
case above-mentioned, it is obvious that a respect-
able man, with the highest testimonials as to cha-
racter, is refused a license because, forsooth, he has
been a prize-fighter in days gone by. If JAMES
WARD is a fit man to keep a public-house, which
none have denied, he is equally worthy to have
music in his house. Had the opposition set up
been that there were already too many houses
devoted "to music and damning" in that locality,
there would be at least a show of reason, but as the
case stands it is unjust.
Mr: SAUNDERS, of the Philharmonic Hall, High-
street, Islington, obtained a license for music by a
majority of the Bench, notwithstanding that one of
the magistrates—we are sorry we cannot give his
name, for men who can give utterance to such sen-
timents as the subjoined deserve to have their
names recorded—stated that he objected to the
building chiefly because there were private boxes
in one part, which might be used for improper
purposes. We would ask this particularly moral
individual if such an idea ever entered his head
when sitting in a private BOX at a theatre ? The
very suggestion of sue b. a use being made of a
private box at a Concert -hall shows a morbid taste
for the immoral ; such a ;sentiment is unworthy the
English Bench.
The two following ol tses will show that the
Magistrates were not acltlaated by any particular
sense of consistency, u nless it were in being
inconsistent,

Mr. ZEBEDEE WILCOX , of the Eastern Saloon,
Whitechapel-road, applies 1 for a music license. It

appeared that Mr. 1r ILCOX was a manufae.

turer of ginger-beer i and soda water, and
never sold beer or spirits of any sort.

He was supported

by the Teetotallers,

Mr. KEMPSHEAD, One of 7 the magistrates, said that

"This house was in a ne ighbourhood where there

were a great number of G erman sugar bakers, and
he understood that the em ployers of the men made
very great complaints th at they could not keep
them from going to the m. usical places. Wherever

there was a house opened . for music, all the men
rushed off to enjoy their favourite amusement."
The very fact that a house where nothing stronger
than gingerbeer or soda-i vater could be obtained,

was a favourite resort of g t certain class of work-

men, when music most F. uited to their national

taste was played, would, is our opinion, be a strong
reason for granting a sense. But the bench
thought otherwise. It wog ald never do to offend a
few wealthy and, perhaps, influential sugar bakers
to gratify the taste for inn ocent enjoyment on the

part of many poor operatives, and the license was
refused. On like grounds a similar application, on
the part of one Mr. SERRT, was refused, although
the Chairman (Mr. POWNALL) did observe " that it
must be recollected that the license did not permit
the place to be open for music till after five o'clock:,
But the sugar bakers carried the day. In the
next case the rule was reversed ; but, then, the

party interested in opposing the license was a poor
man. A license for music was sought for by Mr.
W. MOURGUE, of the Duke of York, Gloucester=
street, to enable gentlemen who came to din-
ners and suppers at his house to enjoy some
music afterwards, if they pleased. An opposition
was raised by a person living next door, who said
" that he had several lodgers, and as the partition
was very thin, the noise would disturb his lodgers,
who would leave him, and as he was a poor man,
this would ruin him," Now, for the first time, the
magistrates perceived that the liberty of
the subject must be respected. They did
not see it in the case of Mr. WARD,
nor yet in those of Messrs. WILCOX and SEHRT,
but gentlemen had a right to music after their
meals, so the license was granted. We do not
wish to enter into the subject as to whether
more or less licenses should be granted. Mr.
MOURGUE may be perfectly entitled to his license,
and the opposition may have been factious ; but the
magistrates have no right in the one case to listen
to the appeal of the sugar bakers, even though ad-
vanced by one of themselves, when the supposed
injury was simply individual, and in the other to
pooh-pooh the opposition of a man who could show
better cause of complaint than his more wealthy
and fortunate neighbours. Is that justice which
was once a real boast of Englishmen to become a
a jest and a bye-word ? Our county magistrates
in the West have shown their incapacity to inves-
tigate with any promptitude or ability a most foul
and revolting murder, and our Middlesex Bench
give ear to the canting nonsense of such men as Kr,
CLERRING, and practically make one law for the
rich and another for the poor.

THE MINISTRY.—Sir C. Wood and Mr. Milner
Gibson were in town during the week, but the latter right
hon. gentleman, after attending to matters connected with
the new French tariff, has since quitted London. Mr.
Gladstone arrived in town on Thursday. Sir George Lewis
is expected to arrive in the metropolis on Monday next. Sir
George Grey returned to this country in the middle of the
week from the continent, where he has been spending some
weeks. Lord Granville remains on the continent. Lord
Palmerston continues at his seat, Broadlands, Hants. Lord
J. Russell is expected to reach town on Wednesday next,
from attending the Queen as Secretary of State during her
Majesty's continental tcur.
The health of the Earl of Derby is still so pre-
carious as to occasion some anxiety to his friends. He is
much better than he was, and is now able to leave his bed,
but he is still confined to his room. The attack from which
he suffers has been much more severe than was generally
known, and the greatest care will still be requisite to insure
his entire recovery. His lordship still, experiences acute
pain, and is very weak.
The Marquis of Dalhousie is still suffering from
severe illness. "The noble lord (says the Dover Chronicle)
has long been an invalid, never having recovered from the.
illness with which he was afflicted while in India, and
which has prevented his visiting Dover in his official capa-
city. Grave fears are entertained by his family and friends
as to his lordship's present state of health."
We regret to state that an accident occurred on
Saturday last to his Royal Highness the Comte de Paris,
while hunting, by which his Royal Highness sustained a
fracture of one of the bones of the right leg. Fortunately,
the accident happened near Claremont, and Dr. Izod, of
Esher, who was on the spat, lost no time in setting the in-
jured limb. From the latest inquiries, we are very glad to
learn that the young Prince is going on as favourable as
possible.
We have reason to believe that Mr. Laing, M.P.,
Financial Secretary to the Treasury, has consented to take
the vacant seat at the Council Board in Calcutta, vacant
by the death of Mr. James Wilson.
The hills in the High Peak were tipped with
their first snow this year on Tuesday morning last.—
Derbyshire Courier.
FALL OF SNOW IN YORKSHIRE.--On Tuesday
morning the hill-tops in the neighbourhood of Todmorden
were covered with snow, there having been a considerable
fall during the night.—Derbyshire Courier.
A letter from Toulon of Thursday announces that
the commanders of the steam frigate Descartes and the
steam corvette Colbert had received orders to take in pro-
visiois and stores, and to prepare to sail at the first mo-
ment.

METROPOLIS GAS ACT.—Under the operation of
this act the directors of the South Metropolitan. Gas Com-
pany have reduced the price of gas 4d. per 1,000 feet. The
Phoenix Company has reduced the price 3d. per 1,000 feet.
It is anticipated that a similar reduction will shortly be
made by the Imperial Company.
DEPARTURE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC PRI-
MATE.—The Morning News announces that the Roman
Catholic Primate, Archbishop Dixon, who said to Louis
Napoleon " Robber, take your hand from the throat of the
Vicar of Christ," intends leaving Ireland for Rome on
Tuesday next.
The Piedmontese Government has enforced in the
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies the decree published at Turin
on the 25th of August, 1848, expelling from the Piedmon-
tese territory every individual forming part of the Society
of Jesus, and confiscating for State purposes all their real
and personal property.
SIR JAMES. OUTRAM.—We read in the Army and
Nervy Gazette—" There is a great man who has landed on
the shores of England so gently that the land has not been
conscious of the presence of one of her most distinguished
soldiers and statesmen. We regret deeply to hear that the
cause which led to General Sir James Outram's retirement
from the Council Board of Calcutta still exists to such an
extent as to prevent his receiving the marks of public re-
spect and private homage and affection which the distin-
guished services and the personal character of the modern
Bayard' have richly earned. We only give expression to
the feelings of all who know either the man or his services,
when we venture to say we hope the day will soon come
when Sir James Outram will be restored to the full pos-
session of his strength, and that he may enjoy for many
years the honours he has won, in a field where honour is
indeed hardly won."
THE ATTEMPTED MURDER NEAR LEEDS.—We
(Leeds Mercury) understand that Mr. Lupton continuos to
improve, although it will be some time before he can be
considered out of danger. His wounds are described by
those who have seen them as being of a most frightful
character, the head having literally the appearance of being
" chopped" to pieces. Nothing but the temperate habits of
Mr. Lupton, and physical vigour, could have saved his life
with such injuries.
FATAL BOAT ACCIDENT.—TUREE LIVES LOST.
—We have to record another sad casualty on our coast by
which three men have lost their lives. On Thursday after-
noon a small boat belonging to Blackpool was seen by
several of the Lytham fishermen to be caught in a squall
and capsized, while the persons on board were apparently
engaged in trawling. Assistance was rendered quickly,
but although the boat has been dragged ashore, none of the
bodies of the unfortunate fishermen have been recovered.
The persons lost are John and Thomas Threlfall, of South
Shore, Blackpool, and Robert Singleton, of Common Side,
near Lytham.—Preston Chronicle.
THE GREAT EASTERN,—During the last week,
the Directors have, it is understood, received from the New
York consignees of the great ship the sum of £14,000, but
have not yet received the accounts which will enable them
to judge as to the financial results of the trip. It is, how-
ever, expected that the receipts from passengers and
visitors will very nearly balance the expenses. There is no
probability of the ship making another voyage until the
next spring ; the tides will not admit of moving her off the
gridiron at Milford, even if it were desirable she should
be floated, until about Christmas next. The certificate
granted by tke Board of Trade will expire early in No-
vember. This certificate will not be renewed until the
bearings of the screw shaft are put in the same position
as they were previous to the trip to New York, and
when that is done, the surveyors will give a certificate
limited to one voyage to and from America. On the
return, however, the Board of Trade will require a number
of improvements of a permanent character necessary to re-
place the inferior materials and workmanship employed
under previous contracts. The works include a new timber
deck, the present one being so thin and so badly laid, that
the water which does not remain in pools on the surface
pours through in copious showers into the saloon and cabins.
The alterations required for the screw shaft, for replacing
the new injection feed pipes by other modes of supplying
the boilers, the warming apparatus, and other details, will
involve an outlay of from £15,000 to £20,000. The exami-
nation of the ship made by the surveyors of the Board of
Trade has shown that the hull has sustained no injury
whatever, that not a plate has moved, nor a rivet started ;
but that in a few cases where the paint has been rubbed off,
the plates have been corroded away some minute fraction
of an inch.

WHAT CARE CATTLE ABOUT PRTCE P—This prac-
tical illustration has just been suggested by the best practi-
cal authority of the day. Henry Stephens, Esq., Edin-
burgh, in writing me how to estimate value by an example,
says—" What does a plant care what the cost of its food is ?"
The force of the argument is irresistible. First let us as-
certain practically and scientifically what are the best
proximate. condimental principles, and then we shall be in
a position to estimate their value in money. With regard
to the commercial values of the different condimental prim.
ciplea of the food of cattle, such as are contained in grasses,
and such as are now being supplied artificially, they can
easily be ascertained, as soon as we get trustworthy proxi-
mate analyses from agricultural chemists. The intrinsic
and commercial values of a cattle condiment, and the profits
a farmer makes by using it in seasoning the food of his
cattle, are very different things. One makes a fortune at
farming, a second has enough to do to keep his own, while
a third loses money. With this farmers are familiar, and
it would be absurd to suppose similar results would not be
experienced in the use of condiment, for there cannot be a
doubt, that to use it properly requires no little skill. The
profits, for example, now
being made on Thorley's Condi-
ment rim from nil up to five hundred per cent. of profit,
while I shall be disappointed if a thousand per cent. is not
yet gained in many cases.—Burness.

LATEST

' •Mr.

NEW

PROCLAMATION OF KING
VICTOR EMMANUEL.

" To THE PEOPLE OF SW:THERN ITALY.
" In a solemn moment for the national history and for
the destinies of the country I address my word to you, pee-.
ple of Southern Italy, who, having, in my name, changed
the State, send me deputations of every class of citizens,
magistrates and representatives of your municipal bodies,
asking to be restored to order, blessed with freedom, and
united with my kingdom. I will tell you by what thought
I am guided, and what is my consciousness of the duties
which a man placed by Providence on an Italian throne
ought to fulfil.
" I ascended the throne after a great national calamity.
My father gave me a lofty example by abdicating the
crown. to save his own dignity and the freedom of his peo-
ple. Charles Albert fell sword in hand, and died in exile. His
death associated more and more the destinies of my family
with those of the Italian people, who, for so many centu-
ries, have given to all foreign lands the bones of their
exiles as a pledge for restoring the inheritance of every
nation placed by God within the same 'boundaries, and
joined together by the bond of a common language. I
educated myself by that example, and the memory of my
father was my guardian star. I could never hesitate in my
choice between a crown and the word I had given. I
strengthonad freedom in au epoch not very favourable to
freedom, and I wished that, as it developed itself, it
should take root in the manners of the people, for I
could never harbour any jealousy or suspicion of
what was dear to my people. By preserving
freedom in Piedmont I religiously respected the heritage
which the prophetic mind of my august father had
bequeathed to all Italians. By representative fran-
chise, by popular education, by the freedom of trade and in-
dustry, I endeavoured to increase the well-being of my
people. I wished that the Catholic religion should be re-
spected, but also that every man should be free in the sanc-
tuary of his own conscience ; and by strengthening civil
authority, I openly resisted that obstinate and scheming
faction which boasts to be the only friend and guardian of
the Throne, but which aims at ruling in the name of Kings,
and placing between the Sovereign and the people the bar-
rier of its intolerant passions.
" This system of government could not be without effect
on the rest of Italy. The concord between the Sovereign
and the people in the purpose of national independence, and
of civil and political liberty, the Parliamentary tribune and
the free press, the army which had preserved its mili-
tary traditions under the tricolour, raised Piedmont
to the rank of standard-bearer, and arm of Italy. The
strength of my:monarchy was not the result or the acts of a
clandestine policy, but of the open influence of ideas and of
public opinion. I was thus enabled to maintain in the
Italian people which was united under my sceptre the notion
of a national leadership (egernonia), whence was to spring
the concordant harmony of the several provinces in one
single nation.
" Italy was able to understand ray conception when she
beheld my soldiers sent into the fields of the Crimea, besides
the troops of the two great Western Powers. I wished
thereby to acquire to Italy the right of participating in all
acts concerning the interests of Europe. At the Congress
of Paris my ambassadors were able to speak for the first
time to Europe of your sufferings. It became clear to all
men how the preponderance of Austria in Italy was inju-
rious to the balance of power in Eitrope, and what dangers
besot the independence and freedom of Europe so long as the
rest of the peninsula was subject to foreign influence.
"My magnanimous ally, the Emperor Napoleon 111.,
felt that the Italian cause was worthy of the great nation
he rules. A righteous war inaugurated the new destinies
of our country. The Italian soldiers fought nobly beside
the unconquered legions of France. The volunteers hasten-
ing from all Italian provinces, from all Italian families,
under the Cross of Savoy, showed that all Italy had invested
me with the right of speaking and fighting in her name.
Policy put an end to the war, but not to its effect., which
went en with their development, following the unswerving
logic of events and of popular movement.
"Had I been actuated by that ambition which is ascribed
to my family by those who do not consider the nature of the
times, I could have been satisfied with the acquisition of
Lombardy; but I had shed the precious blood of my sol-
diers, not for myself, but for Italy. I had called
the Italians to arms. Several Italian provinces had
changed their form of Government to join in the war of in-
dependence—a war opposed by their Princes. After the
peace of Villafranca those provinces asked my protection
against the threatened restoration of their former Govern-
ments. If the events of Central Italy were the consequence
of the war to which we had called the people, if the system
of foreign intervention was for ever to be banished from
Italy, I had a duty to recognise and to uphold the right of
those people legally and freely to utter their vote. I with-
drew my Government—they made an orderly Government ;
I withdrew my troops—they organised regular forces, and,
Tieing with each other in unanimity and civil virtues they
rose to so high a reputation and strength, that nothing but
the overbearing violence of foreign arms could have
subdued them. Thanks to the wisdom of the
Central Italian people, the monarchical idea constantly
gained strength, and monarchy gave a moral guidance to
that peaceful popular movement. Thus did Italy rise in
the estimation of civilised nations, and it became clear to
all Europe that the Italians were fit for self-government.
"When I accepted the annexation I knew what Euro-
pean difficulties I was about to meet. But I could not break
the word I had given to the Italians in my war proclama-
tion. Those who would charge roe with imprudence should
calmly consider what would become of Italy on the day in
in which monarchy should appear powerless to satisfy the
want of a national reconstitution. The annexation did
not change the substance of tho national movement,
but it assumed now forms. By accepting from the
popular right those fine and noble provinces, I must
'loyally recognise the application of that principle,
nor could I measure it by the rule of my private
feelings and interests. In support of that principle,
I for the good of Italy made the sacrifice which cost dearest
to my heart; I renounced two most noble provinces of the
kingdom of my ancestors.
" I have always given those Italian princes who wish.ed
to be my enemies sincere counsels, resolving, however, Quit
if those counsels were vain, I would meet the danger to
which their: blindness would have exposed the throne
by accepting the will of Italy. It was in vain. that I
offered to the Grand Duke (of Tuscany) alliance before
the war. In vain that, after the peace, I offered the
High Pontiff, in whom I venerate the head of the religion
of my fathers and of my people, to take upon myself the
vicarship of Umbria and the Marches. It was evident
that if those provinces which were only restrained by the
arms of foreign hirlings, did not obtain the security of that
civilised government which I proposed they would sooner
or later break out into revolution. Neither will I recall the
counsels given for many years by the Powers to King Fer-
dinand of Naples. The judgment which was pronounced
against his Government at the Paris Congress naturally
prepared the people for a change, if the outcry of public
opinion and efforts of diplomacy proved to be of no avail.
I offered the young successor of that King an alliance for
thewar of independence. But there also I found souls closed
against all Italian feelings, minds darkened by passion
and obstinacy. It was natural that the events in Northern
and Central Italy should arouse men's minds in the
South. In Sicily the excitement broke out into open in-
surrection. A fight began for freedom in Sicily, when a
brave warrior, devoted to Italy and to me, Gen. Garibaldi,
sailed to its aid. They were Italians. Could I, ought I, t•
have prevented them ? The fall of the Government of
Naples strengthened in ray heart the conviction that Kings
and Governments should build their thrones on the love
and esteem of the people. The new Government in the
Two Sicilies was iiauguarated in my name. But some of
its acts caused apprehension lest it should not in every
respect well interpret that policy which is represented by
my name. It was feared throughout Italy that under the
shade of a glorious popularity, of a long-tried honesty, a
faction should muster which was ready to sacrifice the
forthcoming triumph of the national cause to the chimeras
of its ambitious fanaticism. All Italians turned to me, that
I might avert this danger. It was my duty to do it, because
in this present emergency it would be no moderafon, no wis-
dom, but weakness and imprudence not to take with a strong
hand the direction of that -national movement, for which I
am responsible before Europe. I have sent my soldiers into
the Marches and Umbria, and scattered that ill-sorted mob
of people of all nations and tongues which had gathered
ttlo-0 as a new strange phase of foreign intervention, and the