The Sun.
London, England, 1867-01-16 00:00:00

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THREE O'CLOCK. t

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DEATH OF VICTOR COUSlN.—France has lost
Victor Cousin, the eminent metaphysical philosopher. He
was son of a watchmaker in Paris, and was born Nov. 28,
1792. Ho was for some time a tutor at the Ecole Norinale,
where he was subsequently professor of philosophy. In
1812 he published a translation of Plato in French, and in
1815 was appointed by Royer Collard to deliver lectures on
the history of philosophy in the Faculte des Lettres of the
University. On the return of Napoleon from Elba he en-
rolled himself in the Royalist Volunteers, but broke with
the Bourbons, and had to discontinue his lectures. He
then applied himself to philosophical researches, and edited
the unpublished works of Proclus, and a complete edition
of Descartes, in nine volumes. He was tutor at this time
also to the son of the Duke de Montebello, and travelled
with him to Germany, where some free remarks of his
caused him to be arrested in Dresden and carried to Berlin.
His imprisonment was short, however, and in 1828 he was
allowed to resume his lectures in Paris. As soon as Guizot
became minister, Victor Cousin, who was his great friend,
was appointed inspector-general of education, councillor of
state, member of the Royal Council of Public Instruction,
titular professor in the Sorbonne (on the retirement of
Royer Collard), member of the French Academy and of the
Academy of the Moral and Political Sciences, director of
the Normal School, and a peer of France. Under Thiors
Cousin was for six months Minister of Public Instruction.
As a philosophical teacher, Cousin was an idealist and
Platonist, then a follower of Kant and the critical school,
then a follower successively of Proclus, the Scotch school,
of Hegel and of Schelling. His chief works are "Philo-

sophical Fragments" (1829), "A Course of Moral Philo-

sophy" (6 vols., 1815-20), including the "History of
Modern Philosophy," " The Sources of Ideas," and the
Sensational, the Scotch, and the Critical schools; also
"Studies of French Ladies and Society in the 17th Cen-
tury." Ho translated Tenneman's abridged "History of
Philosophy," and edited the complete works of Abelard.
DEATH OF INGRES.—The telegraph has an-
nounced the death, at the ripe age of 85, of Jean Domi-
nique Auguste Ingres, the illustrious French artist, born
at Montauban, Sept. 15, 1781. For a short time he was a
student of music in Toulouse, but was also permitted to
take lessons in drawing and landscape painting. At last
his father yielded to the importunities of the youth and
sent bim to Paris, where he became a pupil of David. In
1800 he obtained the second prize from the Academie des
Beaux Arts, and carried off the first for his picture of the

Embassy to the Tent of Achilles." In 1802 he exhibited

" A Woman in the Bath," and a " Portrait of a Lady ;" in
1804 a "Portrait of the First Consul," and in 1805 a "Por-
trait of the Emperor, which was purchased for the Hotel
des Invalides. After this success Ingres went to Rome, and
during the next five years ho exhibited " CEdipus and the
Sphinx," "Jupiter and Thetis." "A Woman in the Bath,',
" Ossian's Sleep," " The Sistine Chapel," &c. The chef-
d'suvre of M. Ingres since that date is the " Vow of Louis
XIII.," exhibited in Paris in 1824. This picture raised the
reputation of Ingres to its height, and he returned to
France to receive a triumphal welcome at the hands of his
countrymen. Tho "Apotheosis of Homer," painted in
1827 for one of the ceilings of the Louvre, sustained his
reputation, and in 1829 he became director of the French
Academy in Rome, in the room of Horace Vernet. While
in this position he painted " Stratonice," and portraits of

the Duke of Orleans and Cherubini. The latter was sold
in Paris in 1853 for 40,000 f. M. Ingres's style combines
purity of outline with simplicity and gracefulness in con-
ception. In 1855 he had a special apartment for his works
in the French Exhibition building. He was appointed
Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1834, Commander in
1845, and Grand Officer in 1855.

SHIELDS, Tuesday Afternoon.—We have had a
severe snowstorm on the Northumberland coast,

and more snow is on the ground than in any winter since
1860, and the storm is " feeding." The weather, how-
ever, has taken a favourable turn for shipping. The sea
has gone down on the bar of the Tyne, and over 100 sail
of laden ships have loft the river for most parts of the
world. A fleet of 16 screw colliers, which had been de-
tained in Bridlington Bay by the bad weather, arrived this
afternoon. But no sailing vessels have reached the Tyne
from the south. A number of Tyne steamers were out at
sea yesterday in search of a vessel which had been seen
bottom up to:the northward of the harbour—but they have
returned without discovering her, and it is thought she has
sunk. The upper reaches of the Tyne and other north-
eastern rivers are again frozen over. The Collector of
Customs at Sunderland has received a communication from
the British Consul at Copenhagen, stating that a Norwe-
gian vessel had picked up two boys in a boat about 100
miles from Sunderland. The boys were apprentices on
board the Robinson, of Blyth, and had been pleasuring in
the ship's boat when they were driven out to sea. They
had been rescued after three days' exposure.
THE FRENCH CONSCRIPTION AND THE INDUS-
TRIAL CLASSES.—In a statement respecting the
effect of the present plan of conscription, the Siecle enume-
rates as follows the trades from which the recruits form-
ing the annual contingent of 100,000 men are taken :
Workmen in wood, carpenters, joiners, &c., furnish nearly
6,185 men to the army ; in iron—blacksmiths, locksmiths,
founders, &c., 4,289 ; in loather, as tanners, skinners, &c.,
4,333 ; tailors, 973 and more ; bargemen and watermen,
2,513; shoemakers, basketmakors, wheelwrights, bakers,
house-painters, masons, &c., 20,507; clerks, 3,703; young
men of no profession, whose parents in some cases only
possess a small income, 3,273 ; finally, field labourers,
51,329; but the proportion of the latter is sometimes
greater. Thus, the contingent of 1855 comprised 75,000
agricultural labourers.

THE CHOLERA AT DEMERARA.-" A Victim,"
writing of the contemplated reliefs, asks: —" Why does not
the Government send Indian troops, who would be unaf-
fected by the deadly climate of the West Indies, and why
are not the European colonists made to organise Volunteer
corps in their own defence, as has been done in the much
more important place, New Zealand? In England, our
Volunteers drill till late at night ; in the West Indies all
business is over at four o'clock, so that the colonists have
plenty of leisure to prepare for their own defence, and a
drilled European would put to flight a hundred of blacks.
Why, therefore, should our English soldiers be murderously
sacrificed, while those who ought to defend themselves do
nothing? The West India colonies were warned many
years ego by the Home Government to provide for their
own defence. What have they done ?" United Service
Gazette.

SHOCKING OCCURRENCE AT SCILLY.—SOI/leinCn
were engaged on the island of Bryher, one of the Scilly
group, excavating a pit on Thursday last, when the earth
above them gave way and three persons were at once
buried alive. After the lapse of a considerable time one
man was got out badly injured but still alive, and subse-
quently the other two men were reached, but both were
found to bo dead, their bodies being fearfully crushed.
OYSTERS.-It may be interesting to our readers
to know that the young oyster brood of the South of Eng-
land Oyster Company (Limited), spattel last June at
Ilayling, have not been injured by the late severe weather,
and are in perfect health.