The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LON UON, THURSDAY EV ENING, APRIL 25, 1867.

We see it illustrated, indeed, in every department.
The reduction of a tax leads to a corresponding in-
crease in the cinsumption, so that the lesser im-
post brings in higher returns. The lightening of
the burdens on any trade invariably produces en-
couraging results, while the curbing, and fettering,
and restricting, not only sanctioned but advocated
by these Unions, is opposed to all sound doctrine
and all practical experience. In some of the con-
tinental countries the Government fixes the price
of the necessaries of life, and this has always been
strongly condemned by Englishmen. We pride
ourselves on our perfect commercial and individual
freedom, and it is considered a sufficient answer to
many suggestions for new schemes or experiments
that they will interfere with the freedom of
trade. It would seem, however, that this free-
dom is more nominal than real, and that
the men, and through them the masters,
are fettered and chained down by the most arbitrary
regulations. Workmen talk about the tyranny of
the upper classes, but they impose restrictions on
themselves that no employer and no Government
would dream of imposing on them, and to which no
member of the professions would for a moment sub-
mit. What should we think of a law which forbade
an attorney to employ boys in his office, which sti-
pulated that a surgeon should not educate his
son for his own calling, which regulated the
wages a merchant or a banker should pay his
clerks ? It is an egregious mistake to suppose that
such restrictions can benefit either party. English
industry can surely be trusted out of leading strings.
If the ability and industry of the men cannot com-
mand fair wages on permanent grounds, they will
not be able to keep up the rate of pay by a system
of intimidation. We do not doubt the statement of
Mr. POTTER, that the men are not desirous of con-
tinual disputes, and it is not always their fault
that disputes are not settled before extreme
measures are resorted to; but we think he himself
admits that his society puts a pressure on the
masters which no employer can always submit to.
Any remark as to the possible rate of profit or
the position of trade is constantly put aside by
all the witnesses. They know nothing about that,
they say. It is their business to care for the
men, not for the masters, and they do not take
their interests at all into account. Now, it
is manifest that, in legislating between two
parties, it is necessary to look at both
sides, and that laws made only with regard to the
interest of one must necessarily be faulty, incon-
clusive, and unjust. A partnership in which one
partner only consults his own individual interests,
being quite indifferent to the ultimate welfare of
the firm, will end in ruin to all parties ; and it is
this ruin which we fear the mistaken policy of the
Trades Unionists will bring upon many of our Eng-
lish industries. Whatever may be the rate of wages
and the hours of work at present in certain trades,
any independent observer must admit the serious
and long-continued depression of trade and the
number of unemployed hands who are vainly seek-
ing for work. Are these the benefits which these
powerful and costly organisations have succeeded in
bringing upon the working classes ?

delayed a little from the non-reception of the articles
which were sent to it, proceeds satisfactorily. The
fine arts department is now complete. The statuary
is remarkable, and shows good progress in art in
Italy. The Emperor much admired the statue by
Vela of the last days of the life of Napoleon 1.,
and immediately purchased it. He also bought
another statue in plaster of Christopher Columbus,
and instructed M. Vela to execute it in marble. The
Italian furniture exhibited is distinguished by good
taste and elegance. The works on stone from Flo-
rence have also attracted much notice.

The gallery assigned to group 6 (instruments and
ordinary processes) differs materially from the eight
others. It is 1,200 metres long, 22 metres high, and
35 metres wide, and forms a sort of circular deposit
for machines and engines, destined to represent the
appliances of industry of the whole world. The
motive power given to the machines is applied upon
an improved principle, and the gallery is so arranged
as to enable the spectator to see a vast mass at the
same time. The steam generators are in the Park.
Some machines are set in motion by gas power on
the Lenoir system. The American lifeboat, the
Red, White, and Blue, is now in the exterior basin
of the Palace.

There has been great activity at the Billancourt
Exhibition to-flay, and the machinery has been set
to work. The jury have awarded the prizes for the
beautiful sheep which I mentioned some time ago.
The first prize was given for the south Downs sent
by M. Nouette Delorme.
The Longcbamp Races went off with much eclat.
The Emperor and Prince Oscar of Sweden were
present. The Cup, a splendid work of art, in mas-
sive silver, worth 10,000 f., was won by M. Charles
Normandie. The Prix d'Auteuil, 2,000 f., was won
by Ajax the Third. The Prix des Cars, 4,000 f., was
won by Ruy Blas. Le Magicien was second in the
Cup race. The winner also gains 10,000 f. in specie.
Le Dixieme Prix Biennal, 1867-68,5000 f., was won
by Count Lagrange's Nemea. The Prix da
Suremes, 4,000 f., was won by Milton the Second.
The result of the first day's cricket match in the
Bois de Boulogne was—First innings 81, Marylc-
bone, 144, with three wickets down.

Several accidents took place at the Porchefon-
taine races. During the fourth race Ironsides,
belonging to .the Duke of Hamilton, fractured a
leg in leaping the river, and it has been necessary
to kill that valuable animal. Walker, the jockey,
was thrown and had his wrist seriously sprained.
Some other riders were thrown, but escaped with a
few bruises.

A luncheon has been given at the Pompeian
palace to Captain Hudson and his companion, Mr.
Fritch. It is well known that Captain Hudson is
the adventurous seaman who crossed the Atlantic,
from New York to Europe, in the Red, White,
and Blue, the miniature lifeboat of about two tons
and a half burthen, now at the Exhibition. The
guests were very numerous, and great enthusiasm
and cordiality prevailed.
The imperial Commission have just decided that
there shall be international regattas in the basins of
St. Cloud and Argenteuil. There will also be
international regattas during six days before the
Island of Billancourt. The exact period for these
regattas is not yet fixed. In addition to this it is
intended to make various nautical experiments with
the engines and boats used for pleasure trips. A
special committee bas been appointed, under the
presidency of M. Gabriel Benoit Champy, to make
the arrangements for these very attractive sports.
The Imperial Commission has set apart 20,000 f. to
defray a portion of the expenses.
The eminent surgeon, Dr. Jobert de Lamballe,
has just died in his 67th year. He was a member
of the Academies of Medicine and Science, and one
of the surgeons in ordinary to the Emperor. He
was successively surgeon to the Hospital of St. Louis,
the Hotel Dieu, the temporary hospital of St.
Cloud, and professor of surgery to the faculty.
The deceased bad reputation throughout Europe,
and wrote many important medical works. Unfor-
tunately he became insane some years ago, and died
at a maison de sante:

This has been a regular April day, very showery,
but warm and favourable to vegetation.

ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

At the meeting of the society, J. Crawfurd, Esq.,
in the chair, the following papers were read :—" A
Visit to the Kibaian Village of Sano Bay, North-
east Coast of Formosa," by Dr. Collingwood ; and
" On the Skin, the Hair, and the Eyes, as Tests of
the Races of Man," by the President.

The account given by Dr. Collingwood is, we
believe, the first which any modern traveller has
given of the inhabitants of this part of the island of
Formosa. The visit was ma le in June last, when the
author proceeded there from the harbour of Kelling
in II -M.S. Serpent. The object was chiefly the veri-
ficationwhieh is
ofsome
spacious
although little frequented is of importance as the
supposed dangers in the harbour,
and not difficult of approach, and
only available one on the whole cast coast of the
island. On the approach of the vessel numbers of
people assembled on the beach from the large Chinese
village of Sano. The following morning a party
landed on the southern side of the bay, where they
were to find the native village, of which no trace,
however, wa4 visible from the ship. They were met
on the beach by a number of men and women, who
were in no respect either of dress or feature similar
to the Chinese, and with them, after the first ex-
pressions of surprise and curiosity, they entered the
village. This was rudely walled, the entrance being
through doors at either side, by which we passed
into an assemblage of huts constructed chiefly of
grass and bamboos. The grass is woven into a
kind of trellis or mat, and then placed against
the sides, while the chief part of the wall is con-
structed of upright sticks, the interstices being
imperfectly plastered with mud to keep out the wea-
ther. The door is of bamboos, fixed upon a rude
hinge, the lower part revolving sometimes upon the
bottom of an earthen cup to give freedom of mo-
tion. The roof is a thick thatch of grass. The
interior of these huts contains but little ; a stone
stove, a square flat board in one corner, which did
service for a bed, these appeared to constitute
nearly the whole furniture. Articles employed in
fishing were stuck in the thatch, and a stool or
two was found in most cottages. The occu-
pants of these habitations were a fine race of people,
much superior in good looks to the Chinese, their
features being more regular and well formed, and
their expression decidedly more intelligent. The
complexion was olive, and the eyes wanted the ob-
liquity so characteristic of the Mongol race ; the
cheek bones less high and prominent, the lips some-
what thick, and the chin well turned, giving altoge-
ther a very pleasing expression, neither stupid nor
savage. The hair was usually black, but sometimes
had a decidedly reddish cast, and that of the women
was luxuriant and tied in a loose knot. The phy-
sical proportions were in many cases very striking,
and many men and women were of stalwart propor-
tions. The garments worn were made from a cloth
of native manufacture.

In the skin, hair, and eyes, variety of colour Mr.
Crawfurd considers is a distinguishing characteristic
of the races of ethnological Europe, and rarely be-
longs to others of the races of man. With the races
of Europe we have it of every shade of colour from
flaxen to crow-black. In texture the quality of the hair
is generally fine, soft, and silky, and curls or buckles.
With all other races than European the prevailing
colour of the hair is a uniform black. This applies,
with some exceptions, to the Persians, Arabs, and
Syrians. As to the eye, it in a great measure fol-
lows as to colour the complexion. With the races
of Europe, like the kin and hair, its characteristic
is a variety, which obtains with no other. We have
here the grey,
blue, hazel, brown, and black ; while
in most other races it is either a deep brown or
black. With respect to position, the eye is mol e
characteristic ; but no particular position is specially
appropriate to any particular race.

THE DISCOVERY OF A BODY IN THE COLNE.—The
inquiry into the circumstances attending the discovery of
the body of Mr. Worswick, railway contractor, in the river
Colne, has been concluded. No further light could be
thrown upon the affair, and the jury returned an open ver
diet of " Found drowned." It was proved that the de-
ceased had shortly before his death cashed a cheque for
£45, and the case ie altogether fiturouuded with painful
mystery.

LA TEST INTEL LICENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE LUXEMBOURG QUESTION.
PARIS, April 25.

The Constitutionnel of this morning publishes an
article signed by M. Paulin Limayrac, in which it
protests against the idea that France desires war.
" The policy of France," it says, " is a policy of
peace and conciliation. The French Government
sincerely believed that, after her increase of terri-
tory, Prussia would have made it a point of honour
to show moderation and consideration fur the rights
and interests of her neighbours. The Government
of the Emperor has never seen in a settlement of
this question conformably to the interests of France
and the wishes of the population of Luxemburg any-
thing but a guarantee not only of peace, but of a
durable peace. The French Government never
thought that it could in any way be to the interests
of Prussia to maintain a garrison in an indepen•
dent country—never thought that Germany could
claim the same national rights and a common origin
with a small country, the population of which by
Count Bismarck's own avowal entertains a deep
repugnance for Germany, and would, if consulted,
vote with enthusiasm for reunion with France.

" And now the Government of the Emperor does
not aim at raising a war out of a question iu which
it had seen but a pledge of peace.
" France, animated by no ambition, has put aside
every claim. As far as she is concerned, the ques-
tion has become an European one, and even in this
new phase, France holds aloof, in order not to em-
barrass the pacific action of the Powers and not to
involve national susceptibilities. Without fearing
war, if a war, though God forbid, should be unjustly
provoked, France desires peace, and is anxious that
no doubt should exist with regard to her intentions."

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, April 24.

The official journal, La Turquie, of to-day says :
—" We are authorised to deny, in the most formal
manner, the assertions of the Paris journal La
Liberte, concerning the state of things in Crete and
Epirus. Omer Pacha is on the point of crushing
the last remnants of the Candian insurrection."

SPAIN.

MADRID, April 24 (Eveniug).

Senor Corradi has presented, in the Senate, the
following amendment to the Bill of Indemnity de-
manded by the Government on account of the
recent exceptional acts of the Administration :

" The Senate declares the Ministry free from res-
ponAbility for all acts which have not been opposed
to the principles of justice, but it does not adopt as
laws the decrees which have been promulgated, be-
cause they render difficult the Constitutional con-
ciliation of parties, on which the existence of our
national institutions depend."