The Sun.
London, England, 1867-03-27 00:00:00

SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 27, 1867.

EUROPEAN ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament.
CHAIRMAN—Gen. Sir FREDERIC SMITH, K.H., F.R.S.
Policies payable during life, indisputable, not liable to
forfeiture.

The ROYAL NAVAL, MILITARY, and EAST
INDIA Life Department, affording peculiar advantages to
Officers and others in the Navy and Army, is under the
especial patronage of
HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
Annual Premium Revenue, upwards of £310,000.
New Premium Income in 1865 exceeded £62,000.
Life, Fire, Guarantee, and Annuities at advantageous
rates.

The European is the only Society authorised by the lm.
perial Parliament to Guarantee the Fidelity of Govern.
went Officials.

Full particulars of the popular principles of this Society
will be found in the New Prospectus, which will be for-
warded to applicants, post free.
Offices-316, Regent-street; 17, Waterloo-place, Pall-
mall; and 69, King William-street, City.
HENRY LAKE, Manager.

CONTRACT FOR STEARINE CANDLES.
CONTRACT DEPARTMENT, ADMIRALTY.
Somerset House, March 23, 1867.
THE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING
1 the OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the.
UNITED KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRE-
LAND do hereby Give Notice, that on MONDAY, the
15th April next, at Twelve o'clock at Noon, they will be
ready to treat with such persons as may be willing to Con-
tract for supplying and delivering into her Majesty's Vic-
tualling Stores at Doptford all such quantities of
STEARINE CANDLES FOR SIGNAL LANTERNS,
as shall from time to time be demanded, under a contract
for twelve calendar months, certain, and further until the
expiration of three calendar months' warning.
Samples (not less than 61bs) must be produced by parties
tendering, and none to be tendered the material of which
is of a solidifying point below 128 degrees of Fahrenheit.
The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty reserve to
themselves an unlimited power of selection in accepting
the tenders.

No Tender will be received unless made on the printed
form provided for the purpose, and which may be obtained
on application in the Lobby of the Depai tment of the Con-
troller of Victualling, Admiralty, Somerset House, where
also the conditions of the Contract may be seen.
No Tender will be received after 12 o'clock at noon on
the day of treaty ; and it will not be required that the party
tendering, or an agent on his behalf, should attend at the
Office on the day of Contract, as the result of the offer re-
ceived from each person will be communicated to him and
his proposed sureties in writing.
Every Tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the
Admiralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the words,
"Tender for Stearine Candles ;" and must also be delivered
at the Department of the Controller of Victualling, Admi-
ralty, Somerset House, signed by two responsible persons,
engaging -to become bound with the person tendering in
the sum of £1,500 for the due performance of the Contract.
By Order,
ANTONIO BRADY,
Registrar of Contracts and Public
Securities.

THE -NEW NANTYMWYN MINING EX.
TENSION COMPANY (LIMITED).

Incorporated under "The Companies' Act, 1862," whereby
the liability of each Shareholder is limited to the amount
of his Shares.

Capital, £50,000,
In 50,000 Shares of £1 each.
ss. Deposit on application, and ss. per Share on Allotment.
No call will be made for six months, and it is probable,
from the prospects, with tho assistance of the oro money,
that no further capital will be required.

MR. HOWARD, SURGEON-DENTIST, 52,
Fleet-street, has introduced an entirely new descrip-
tion of ARTIFICIAL TEETH, fixed without springs, wires.
or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth
as not to be distinguished fro n the originals by the closest
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ful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are
loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation and mastica-
tion. Decayed teeth stopped and rendered sound and useful
in mastication.

NOTICE.

C. F. HANCOCK, SON, & CO.,
JEWELLERS AND SILVERSMITHS TO THE QUEEN AND

PItINCE AND PRINCESS OF WALES,

And by Special Appointment to the principal Sovereigns

and Courts of Europe,
Bog respectfully to state that their only Address is
33 & 39, BRITTON-STREET,
CORNER OF BOND-STREET.

AWARDED TO C. F. HANCOCK :
Great Exhibition, 1851—Council Medal for Originality and
Taste. ParisExhibition,lBss—GoldMedailledllonneur.
International Exhibition, 1862—Prize Medal, for great
Excellence of Design and Manufacture.
MANUFACTURERS OF THE VICTORIA CROSS.

LONDON AND NORTII-WESTERN
RAILWAY.
NORTHAMPTON RACES.
A SPECIAL TRAIN will leave EUSTON STATION
for NORTHAMPTON on TUESDAY and WEDNES-
DAY, 2d and 3d April, at 8.15 a.m.; returning from
Northampton on the evening of each day, by Special Train
only, at 6.45 p.m.
Fares to Northampton and Back.—Covered Carriages,
10s. ; First-Class, 15s.
Return Tickets, at ordinary fares; from London- to
Northampton issuod on Monday, April let, and intervening
days, will be availablo to return by any train up to and
including Thursday, April 4th.
1 order,
W. CAWKWELL, General Manager.
Easton Station, March, 1867.

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE STEEPLECHASES.

A CHEAP EXCURSION TRAIN will run from LON-
DON (King's-cross Station), via Great Northern route, to
CAMBRIDGE on MONDAY, Ist April, 1867, as under :
Leaving King's-cross at 8.5, and arriving at Cambridge
about 10.5 a.m.

rOliN GOENELL and CO.'S CHERRY
TOO al PASTS is greatly supe:ior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay. and imparts a pleasant fragrance to
the breath. Price Is. Bd.—Red Bull Wharf. v 3, Upper
Thames-street. London.

THE SINGER,
New Noiseless Lock-Stitch
FAMILY SEWING MACHINES.
Chief Office in the United Kingdom-147, Cheapside,
London.

ASPHALTE ROOFING FELT,
ONE PENNY per Square Foot.
CROGGON and C 0., Manufacturers;
j 63, New Earl-street, i
34, Bread-street, London, E.C.
69, George-square, Glasgow ; 2, Goree Piazzas, Liverpool.

TEETH PAINLESSLY STOPPED, with per-
manent enamel cement of the natural colour, prevents
unsightly patches, is equally durable, anl for front teeth will
be found invaluable._ _ _ _

Mr. DAY, DENTIST,
291, Regent-street (3 doors from the Polytechnic). _
Many years with Mr. SMELT.
of 8, Grosvenor-street,
Bond-street.

GE O L O G Y.-ELEMENTARY COLLEC-
TIONS, to illustrate the New Edition of "Lyon's
Elements of Geology" and facilitate the important study of
Mineralogy and Geology, can be had at 2,5, 10, 20, 50 to 500
guineas ; also single Specimens of Minerals, Rocks, Fossils,
and lte,cent Shells, Geological Maps. Hammers, all the recent
Publcationg, Am, of J. TENNANT, Mineralogist to Her
Majesty, 149, Strand, London.
Private Instruction is given in Mineralogy and Geology by
Mr. TENNANT, E.G.S., 119, Strand, W.v,

I S
R
PHOTOGRAPHER TO THE QUEEN,
BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT.

DISDERI, Photographic Artist to ILL Majesty
the Emperor Napoleon 111. and the Imperial Family ;
to ILL 31.ie6ty the Emperor of all the Russias ; also to 11.1.
Majesty the Queen of Spain and the Royal Family; to his
Majesty the Ring of Italy; to his Majesty the King of Hol-
land ; to his Majesty the King of Portugal ; to the Imperial
Academy of Music ; Photographer of the Palace of the Uni-
versal Exhibition of 1855, &o. The excellent situation of Mr.
Disderi's studio enables him to operate regardless of the
weather.

fTSDERI.—Her Most Gracious MAJESTY the
QUEEN, their Royal Highnesses the DUKE of EDIN-
BURG El, Prince Leopold, I'rinceess Louise, and Princess
Beatrice have condescended to sit for their Portraits to Mr.
DISDERI. By the gracious permission of her Majesty the
Queen, the Portraits of her Majesty and their Royal High-
nesses Are on sale at Mr. Disderi's Photographic Establish-
ments in London, at 70, 71, and 74 Brook-street, Hanover-
F quare ; in Paris, 8, Boulevard des Italiens ; and at all the
principal booksellers of Europe. Price—Carte de Visite, Is.:
coloured, 2s. Drawing-room Portraits, 2s. 6d.; coloured, ss.

DI SD E R 1.--Their Royal Highnesses the
PONCE and PRINCESS of WALES have honoured
with a V it the studio of DISD ER', and have authorised
him the sale of all the Portraits taken by him of their Royal
Highnesses, as well as those of Prince Victor and Princo
George. Price—Carte de Visite, plain or enamel, Is.; coloured,
2s. Cabinet Portraits, 2s. Bd. Splendid Portrait of 11.R.H ,
mounted on fine tinted large cardboard, 25 by 19A inches,
price one guinea.

DISDERL—ON SALE.—Splendid ALBUMS
of WINDSOR and OSBORNE, photographed by Mr.
Mader', under the immediate patronage and the gracious
permission of her
Majesty the Queen. Historical text by
Doyne C. Bell, Esq. These Albums—size, hall-sheet colom-
bia, printed in new type, on extra thick plate paper—include
thirty-five photographs of interiors and exteriors, mounted
on extra fine tinted cardboard, and most elegantly bound in
morocco. Price—Royal edition of Windsor and Osborne, in
natural photography, 20 guineas each ; coloured, 40 guineas.
Apply to Mr. Disderi, 70, 71, and 72, Brook-street, Hanover-
square; and at Paris, 8, Boulevard des Italiens.

DISDERL-ON SALE. - TWENTY-FOUR
STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS of the INTERIORS and
EXTERIORS of WINDSOR and OSBORNE: The collec-
tion complete, plain, 1 guinea; coloured, 2 guineas.
Souvenir of Windsor or Osborne, Sixteen Plates, photo-
graphed by Mr. Disderi mounted on cloth, and forming a
handsome book, small S'vo , including' the portraits of her
Majesty the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince Consort. Price,
plain, 15s. ; coloured, 30a.
Panoramic Views at 55.; group of the Orleans Family,
10s. 6d.

DISDERL—NOTICE.—By a new process of
Mr. DISDERPS the CARTE DE VISITE POR-
TRAITS are ENLARGED on canvas to any size. The
public can thus obtain a photographic drawing by means of
which skilful artists attached to the house can, on simple in-
dications —such as the colour of the complexion, the eyes and
the hair—obtain a splendid and truthful oil painting. Mr.
Disderi's new process is valuable in this respect, that it
avoids the tediousness of long sittings, and also adds to the
charms of oil painting. the great advantages of the truthful-
ness and accuracy of photography, Saloons and studios, 70,
71, and 72, Brook-street, Hanover-square ; and for Equestrian
Portraits, at Hereford Lodge, Gloucester-road, Old Bromp-
ton-road ; Paris, 8, Boulevard des Italiens ; Madrid, and
Toulon.

BR. SCO'I'T'S LIVER AND BILIOUS
PILLS.—A NEVER FAILING REMEDY.—Pre-
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tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
Prepared only and sold by W. Lambert, Chemist, 8, King
William-street, Charing-cross. London, and by most drug-
gists, in boxes,is. lid., and three times the quantity in one,
2a. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills.
The genuine are a square green package, with " William
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frHE LONDON FEVER HOSPITAL has
-1- URGENT NEED of FUNDS.—Donations and Sub-
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and Co., 50, Cori" 11 ; Messrs. Drummond and Co., Charing-
cross; Messrs. Coutts and Co., Strand ; Messrs. Hoare,
Fleet-street ; and by the undersigned, at the Hospital,
Liverpool-road, N., CHARLES FINN, Sec.

DEMOCRACY.

While England is in the throes of a political con-
vulsion, the Round Table in New York has com-
, menced a controversy on the subject, which has led
to the English agitation—the government of
numbers. The article in the literary journal was
answered by the Springfield Republican and the New
York Times, and again replied to by the Round Table
in an article headed " Democracy" in the issue of
the 2d inst. These articles have reference to the
political system of the United States, and it is in-
structive to, see what so admirably conducted and
impartial a review as the Round Table says on the
subject. The Republican says the Round Table
objects to our use of the word democracy, as
applied to our Government. It says :—" In the
first place, our government is not a democracy, in
the sense in which Dr. Blackie and the Round
Table use the word. It is a republic, a representa-
tive government ; and, so far from being impos-
sible to keep it within any assignable limits, it is
strictly limited and sacredly and impregnably
guarded. A written constitution is the sheet
anchor of our liberties. This instrument embodies
the deliberate wisdom of the best. It is impossible
for any department of the Government to set it aside
for any length of time. It contains within itself
the means for its own vindication. . . . Our
Government is not an unrestrained democracy, but
a constitutional, carefully guarded, and admirably
balanced Republican system, in which each depart-
ment is independent within its prescribed limits,
and each keeps guard over the others to restrain
any departure from those limits." After quoting
the best authorities to show that the word was cor-
rectly applied, the Round Table thus proceeds :
" The substantial point which we assumed, and
sought by illustrative facts to prove, was that prac-
tically we did not enjoy those blessings which theo-
retically our Government bestows. Whether it is
a democracy or not, we submit that this point re-
mains untouched. By its fruits our system must
be judged. It is,' says the Republican, a consti-
tutional, carefully guarded, and admirably balanced
Republican system.' Suppose we grant this and
acknowledge a demonstrated inaccuracy in styling
it a democracy ; let us proceed to ask, do its guards
and balances secure us, in fact, a good Govern-
ment ? Do they give us immunity from corruption
either at Washington or New York ? Do they
provide us with a swift and trustworthy admi-
nistration of justice ? Do they place in the
important positions of trust and responsibility
the wisest, best-educated, and most virtuous
members of the community ? Do they, in ge-
neral, exert a tendency to elevate the standards of
public and private morality? Do they protect the
intelligent few from being oppressed, put out of
sight, and practically disfranchised by the ignorant
many ? If they do these things, then, indeed, we
grievously err to criticise them, and, whether they
constitute the machinery of a democracy or not, as
good citizens we should strive firmly to uphold and
perpetuate them. • But if we arrive, after deliberate
reflection, at a contrary opinion, it becomes equally

a solemn duty to point out, if we can, their defects,
and to bend every energy to improve and to correct
them. It might, perhaps, be impossible to realise
the ideal of Aristotle's Politica, in which the majo-
rity should truly govern for the good of the whole ;
and The Republican would probably agree with us
that a democracy would be undesirable in which the
majority should govern solely for the good of them-
selves ; but this should furnish no conclusive reason
for cherishing with scrupulously superstitious ex-
actness a system in which it could be shown that a
majority governed neither for their own real good
nor for that of anybody else." The Republican, in
another part of its article admits that " undoubtedly
there are dangers peculiar to ' the government of
numbers,' and with the universal suffrage which is
to be the rule, we may experience some of them.
But nothing is gained by exciting alarm and cul-
tivating distrust of the system of popular govern-
ment. Our forefathers recognised the great fact
that popular intelligence and virtue are essential
to the full success of free institutions." But if
such dangers undoubtedly exist, by what means
are we to provide for them—by shutting our
eyes to their possibility ? And, if their existence be
admitted, and a necessary provision to meet them be
implied, by what secret measures is it to be com-
passed without, to some extent, exciting, alarm and

Cultivating distrust of the system of popular govern-
ment? Distrust and alarm might very judiciously
be dispensed with if reform could be brought about
without publicity. If this is impracticable, the Re-
publican's admission destroys the force of its criticism.
That popular intelligence and virtue are essential to
the full success of free institutions is patent enough.
In the absence of that fall success, we are forced to
impugn popular intelligence and virtue ; a circum-
stance which is unfortunate but unavoidable. Again
to quote Mr. Mill, " In politics, as in mechanics, the
power which is to keep the engine going must be
sought for outside the machinery; and if it is not
forthcoming, or is insufficient to surmount the ob-
stacles which may reasonably be expected, the contriv-
ance will fail. This is no peculiarity of the political
art ; and amounts only to saying that it is subject to
the same limitations and conditions as all other
arts." Now, whatever the intrinsic excellence of our
political machine, this exterior power of intelligence
and virtue is manifestly deficient. Whether owing
to the universal lust for gold, to immigration, to
weakened religious convictions, or to all these or
other causes, the requisite power has diminished and
apparently continues to diminish. There is no logi-
cal escape from the conclusion that ultimately we
must get more power or alter the machine ; and
which alternative we shall select—or whether it may
be worth while to attempt to modify and recipro-
cally adapt both—is a legitimate subject for dis-
cussion. Our critic calls in question elsewhere our
remarks as to the exceptionally mutable character or
deteriorating tendency of Democracy ; this, it
assumes, is a characteristic which it possesses only
in common with any and every system :—" The
Radical difficulty about Democracy, as the Round
Table looks at it, is that you cannot keep it within
any assignable limits or at any lasting equipoise.'
The same thing may be said of any and every sys-
tem of government, and it will remain true so long
as men are imperfect in knowledge and goodness.
When they outgrow these defects, which necessarily
mar and pervert all their action, they will need no
government. The very qualities of human nature
that make government necessary render it imperfect.
But it is not to be denied that men will do better
for themselves than others will do for them, and the
theory of Democratic institutions rests upon the
impregnable basis of human nature. Enlightened
selfishness is the grand regulator." We believe,
however, that the unvarying tendency of govern-
ments of numbers is admitted by publicists and shown

by history to be that of depositing power with lower
and lower intelligences, gravitating downwards,

until it falls at last into the hands of the least
educated and least virtuous persons of the commu-

nity. Is it unjust or exaggerated to say that this
tendency is signally exemplified by our own experi-

ence? Can we look at our municipal chambers in

New York, at our Legislature at Albany, at our
halls of Congress at Washington, to-day, and
truthfully say that we furnish an exception ? En-
lightened selfishness may be a grand regulator ; but
how if the selfishness be not enlightened, and if the

proofs—strong as holy writ—arc constantly staring
us in the face ? Once more, and to supply a partial
explanation, let us borrow the words of the author of
" Representative Government:" " Ido not look upon
equal voting as among the things which arc good in
themselves, provided they can be guarded against

inconveniences. I look upon it as only relatively
good; less objectionable than inequality of privi-
lege grounded ou irrelevant or adventitious circum-

stances, but in principle wrong, because recognising
a wrong standard, and exercising a bad influence

//C

PRICE—. ld.
STAMPED sd.

lon the voter's mind. It is not useful but hurtful
that the constitution of the country should declare
ignorance to be entitled to as much political power
as knowledge. The national institutions should
place all things that they are concerned with before
the minds of the citizen in the light in which it is
for his good that he should regard them ; and as it
is for his good that he should think that every one
is entitled to some influence, but the better and
wiser to more than others, it is important that this
conviction should be professed by the state and
embodied in the national institutions. Such things
constitute the spirit of the institutions of a country ;
that portion of their influence which is least regarded
by. common thinkers ; though the institutions of
every country not under great positive oppression
produce more effect by their spirit than by any of
their direct provisions, since by it they shape the
national character. The American institutions
have imprinted strongly on the American mind that
any one man (with a white skin) is as good as any
other; and it is felt that this false creed is nearly
connected with some of the more unfavourable
points in American character. It is not a small
mischief that the constitution of any country should
sanction this creed ; for the belief in it, whether
express or tacit, is almost as detrimental to moral
and intellectual excellence as any effect which most
forms of government can produce." The fact that
the very qualities of human nature that make go-
vernment necessary render it imperfect is, of course,
a truism. It furnishes a general explanation of de-
fect, but as an argument against reform or change
it is quite as applicable in behalf of a despotism as
in that of a republic.

COMFORT FOR CONSERVATISM.

(From the Westminster Gazette.)

One of the most philosophic, as well as best
known, customs of the Spartans was their method

of inculcating the wisdom of sobriety. Instead
of a lachrymose and hypocritical Stiggins, in lieu
of an earnest and artistic but dogmatic Cruik-
shank, these wily Lacedmmonians plied their will-
ing Helots with the juice of the grape, and then

displayed each feature, each phase, of a degraded,
ludicrous, and brutal intoxication to their dis-
gusted children. That a lesson thus taught was
effective, the unwalled safety of Sparta during
eight of the most warlike centuries the world

has ever known is conclusive proof. And it is
one other proof, among many, that practice in
good or in evil is more seductive or repulsive

than precept.
We have no idea whether this most interesting
and mournful work was written with what is
called " a purpose." But whether the editor of one
of our leading literary journals, in taking his
autumnal tour, wished to point a grand moral
while he adorned a very enhancing tale ; or
whether, with habits of travel and observation
strong on him, he went forth to this crowning
journey without prejudices and without predilec-
tions, simply recording his experiences, the result
is exactly the same. The perusal of these two
volumes would appear to us tp have the same
effect as to unbridled liberty, upon the nature that
the sight of a drunken slave used to produce as
to intoxication upon the mind of a Spartan
child.

Let us, in proceeding to justify this to some
staitling assertion, take a comprehensive view of
the subjects of Mr. Dixon's book. lie went out,
he tells us, " to see the noblest work England has
achieved in history," a work done, as he adds, by
the union of " a large love. of liberty " and " a deep
sense of religion." He went in search of an old
world, and found instead new ideas, new purposes,
new- methods ; in short that " New America,
which gives title to his travels. Mr. Dixon appears
to have used his opportunities well. He tells what
he saw and heard clearly and incisively, seldom
encrusting his text with his own conclusions as

to the facts he lays before his readers, and never
indulging in dogmatism or contempt. Upon the
whole, we gather that he is pleased with his ex-
periences. Ile is evidently impressed with the
gigantic scale upon which everything is said and
done in America ; a manner which harmonized
with the natural features of this colossal country.
He foresees a great and happy future for the States
and their people ; even the negro is to be blessed ;
while the red man is mirrored so picturesquely
that one feels half inclined to forget his woes and
his speedy extinction.
We envy Mr. Dixon his rose-tinted predictions,
for, to our mind, the results of American ways
and fashions will be far different to those of his
imaginings. It does not seem too much to assert
that, since their settlement, the States have been
the resort, the refuge, and the paradise of the
unruly and the ungovernable.
The Virginian Fathers, the early British con-
victs, the Teuton, Scandinavian, and Celtic emi-
grants, all had and have this type in common ; and
upon our writer's own showing' there is not one
political or social phase, where the absence of
self-constraint, audacity of self-assertion, and
want of national fortitude (so to speak), are not
painfully apparent. American opinion and the
English political school founded on it see only na-
tional dotage and fatuity in the wholesome re-
straints of Church and State. Respect for the
doctrines of an immutable faith, affection for
time-honoured ecclesiastical teaching and doctrine,
are as silly to the minds of the great exemplars of
modern progress as a belief in consistent, Conser-
vative Statecraft. If the Church is powerless to

lay down permanent laws, even if founded upon
Scriptural and Apostolic authority, if she is una-
ble actually to define the bounds of religious be-
lief and speculation, why should the State aspire
to bind man's utter freedom in politics ? Nay,
further, what need of penal laws and their attend-
ant punishments, when every man, woman, and
child is able to boast that personal will or whim
is the only motive worth obedience ? We read
the answers to these queries sorrowfully enough in
Mr. Dixon's " New America."

We pay the author a poor compliment in say-
ing we feel his recital to be true, for the simple
reason that there does not exist a man subtle,
sarcastic, and clever enough to have invented so
diabolical a picture. Dean Swift had parts, but
this book beats his happiest efforts hollow.
There is scarcely a crime under heaven which
teste " New America" is not in full swing there.
" Bleeding " Kansas is an appropriate locale
from which to start on a Dantesque journey,
like Mr. Dixon's, to appropriate horrors are not
lacking to stain every inch of the itinerary.
The perils of the mail journey between At-
chison and Salt Lake are graphically recounted.
The ferocities of the whites and reds are brought
before us with a vividness that is startling. These
amenities adorn the path to the soi-disant. New
Jerusalem—the harem of Brigham Young and his
satellites. Mere we are shown the marvels of a
lustful, hoarish polygamy, and the advantages of a
burlesque coalition of Abraham Mahummed, and a
sensation novel. The beauties of a recently ex-
posed system of slavery come next. The miserable
caricature of the feudal baryon, in the person of
the slave-owner, with his debaucheries, his idle-
ness, and his languid pride forms a hero for this
portion of the travel. But as a corrective to
these scenes we are treated to a peep at the inner
life of the " Shakers "—persons who live toge-
ther, male and female, in what is called Resur-
rection order, i.e., without cohabitation and with-
out carnal love. To vary this religious kaleide-
scope we next come to " Spiritualism," and to
the mediums who practice the art, in a religious,

medical, and worldly sense. After this no surprise
can be excited by a chapter headed "The Revolt
of Woman," which appropriately paves the way for
more than one section of the book descriptive of
another phase of ceecuticity, to wit, the doings of

h

the 44 Perfectionists," agl Lig tribe which has at
once husbands, wives, and goods in common I Pro-
bably, however, worse remainsbehind. Mr. Dixon
tells us that in pious, puritan New England,
" there is a very strange and wide conspiracy on the
part of women in the upper ranks, the end of which
would be this rather puzzling fact, that there would
be no more baby-shows in the country, since there
would be no longer any Americans in America !"
After this hint of an abominable national crime,
one is ahnost. too " seared " to note that Mr.
Dixon proves most conclusively that the noureau-
riche who the other day gave a high prize to any
man -who might be called a gentleman without libel,
knew well what he was about; and also how un-
likely it would be that any American could ever
gain it. We do not even gasp at the author's reply
to Secretary Seward, " I find your country so- free
that nobody seems to have any rights !" Nor are we
much startled to find that all Mr. Dixon's facts, in
spite of some optimist deductions therefrom,
go to prove that the whole country, North and
South, East and West, is as near an approach to
a model Pandemonium as the heart of man has the
wickedness to conceive. If these results, then,
have crowned two centuries of Radical Liberalism
—if man has of himself no better fruits to gather
of self-government—let us thank God that the
old landmarks of Church and State are still firm
among us. And let us hope that in those mys-
terious ebbings and &wings of human passion
and action which - characterise every age, the
great human family may again, and on earth, be
gathered to the one Church under the one Shep-
herd.

Strike of Engine• Drivers on the Br:ghton

Railway.

The following is a copy of a resolution passed yes.
terday by the board of this railway :
" That, in accordance with the recommendations
of Mr. Craven and Mr. Hawkens, the directors will
with great pleasure give a gratuity of two guineas
to each driver and one guinea to each fireman who
has not deserted his post this day, while so many
are endeavouring to force the directors to comply
with demands which they consider unreasonable.
" That any such driver who was previously receiv-
ing a lesser sum shall at once be advanced to the first
class and receive 7s. Gd. per day, and each fireman
4s. Gd. per day, with the assurance that, come what
may, the directors will employ them at the above
rate so long as they perform their duty.
"That believing a large majority of those who
are still out will (upon reflection) regret having
pushed matters to such an extremity, they are will-
ing to receive back into the service any of the old
bands who may rejoin it: not later than Thursday
next. "By order,

4' A. SARLE, ACting Secretary:"

Yesterday the engine-drivers on the London,
Brighton, and South Coast Railway put into effect
their predetermined resolution to strike in case the
demands which they recently made were not granted
by the directors. Up to a late hour on Monday night
a large number of the men remained about the com-
pany's offices, discussing the various phases of the
movement in which they were themselves partici-
pators. Ultimately a council was held, in which it
appears it was determined that the answer of the
Board to their petition was not satisfactory, and
that, therefore, the men would refuse to resume
work yesterday morning. At Brighton, where some
of the engine-drivers reside, a similar decision was
arrived at, so that in all about 350 men resolved on
leaving temporarily, at least, the company's service.
The directors, we understand, conceded all that was
demanded concerning shed days, Sundays, and the
distance to be traversed per week-750 miles being
the maximum of regular duty, and all beyond that
to be charged as extra work. The crucial point, how-
ever, they refused to grant—namely, that in which
the men demanded that increase of wages should
be regulated at the rate of Gd. per day additional
for every six months' service until the maxi-
mum of 7s. 6d. per day was reached. The Board,
however, consented to comply on the condition that
the six months should not be considered the stan-
dard time upon which to erect a claim for advance
of pay. They allege that such a claim is not rea-
sonable, and it certainly does not appear just that
all the men should be promoted with equal rapidity
irrespective of their skill, ability, or good conduct.
The pay of the drivers, according to the directors
scheme, is to begin at Gs., and be capable of in-
crease to 7s. 6d. a day ; that of the firemen to vary
from 3s. 6d. to 4s. Gd., according to service and
merit.

As may be anticipated great confusion and con-
siderable excitement prevailed yesterday at tho
company's terminus. Virtually all traffic was
stopped between London and Brighton, Eastbourne,
Hastings, St. Leonard's, and Chichester. The
Epsom Spring Meeting opened yesterday, and the
disappointment of hundreds of sportsmen, who had
intended to go down by train, was expressed with
such freedom and vigour as sorely to test the pa-
tience of the officials who remained at their posts.
On being made acquainted with the determination
of the men the directors made application for assist-
ance in their difficulty to the managers of other lines ;
but, as might be expected, very few could be sub-
tracted from their own staff of drivers, who must
be skilled in their business and possessed of consi-
derable intelligence and power of observation. Under
these circumstances it was resolved to make a re-
duction in the number of trains, and to limit their
speed to 20 miles an hour. The trains were driven
by travelling railway inspectors and by foremen of
works, accompanied by competent men on the en-
gines who thoroughly understand the signals. In
some cases on the main line two and three ordinary
trains were made into one, but not exceeding 18 or
20 carriages in the whole on an average ; and "short
service" trains, so called, were worked between
Victoria and West Croydon on the one hand, and
between the Crystal Palace and London-bridge on
the other. In this way the directors are adapting
themselves to the inconvenience to which they have
been thus suddenly subjected, with all the atten-
dant loss. In the meantime all the ordinary time-
tables are in abeyance, and the season-ticket
holders, on the principal line especially, are
being seriously incommoded. The 6 o'clock train
got away in good time, considering all the circum-
stances which impeded any approach to regularity,
but the train which should have started at 8 did not
move from the terminus till after 10. On the South
London line only one engine was employed, and the
traffic to and from the Crystal Palace was almost en-
tirely suspended. The hundreds of city gentlemen
residing in the suburbs, and who ordinarily avail
themselves of this railway to come up to town, were
of course put to inconvenience, and altogether the
event was attended by an immense amount of ex-
citement and loss of time and business. All the
available foremen have been put in charge of the
trains, and every exertion is being made by the di-
rectors and managers to obviate the almost insur-
mountable difficulties in which they find themselves
entangled. The men on their part are still holding
out strongly, and delegates from the Engine-drivers
and Firemen's Union yesterday sat in council deli-
berating on the question at issue. Among other
prominent objections to the plan recommended by
the Board there is one which has been made a special
topic of deprecation—namely, that the power of pro-
motion should rest with local superintendents. The
meu say that such a system would materially dimi-
nish incentive to exertion, inasmuch as advancement
would be regulated not by merit but by favouritism.
Last eveuing the directors circulated a handbill
stating that experienced and competent drivers and
firemen, with satisfactory testimonials, may meet
l
immediately with permanent engagements, at full
and
locomotive superintendent,
and liberal pay, by applying to Mr. J. C. Craven,
London-bridge ter-
minus.

CESSION OF TIIE BAY OF SAMANA.—Private ad-
vices which we have just received from San Domingo lead
us to believe that the late Seward-Porter mission to the
West Indies was by no moans such a failure as it was
hastily proclaimed to be by those who knew nothing what-
ever about it. If our advices from the island be correct,
the mission of Assistant-Secretary Seward was successfully
accomplished ; the points of negotiation and treaty were
established with President Cabral, and an official agent has
arrived in this country bearing a preliminary treaty which
has received the sanction of the legislative and executive
authorities of San Domingo, and this preliminary treaty
will presently be submitted, if it has not by this time been
submitted, to our Government.—New York Times.

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