The Sun.
London, England, 1867-11-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOINDriN, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 1, 1867.

moderate policy, and the address of the in inei):)al
speakers were fully in accordance with it. 'The
association was fortunate enough to secure
the attendance of a Cabinet Minister, and
Sir JOHN PAKINGTON'S was, of course, -the
speech of the evening. The right hon. bar of iet
is always plain and straightforward in his langung e,
and his address, which was listened to throughou.t
with the deepest attention and interest. Afterrefor-
ring to the great satisfaction with which he 'clad
witnessed the strong manifestations of poprdar
favour shown towards the leading members of the
Government in Manchester and Edinburgh,
Sir
JOHN PAKINGTON said he would not enter upon tize
often-discussed question of how far the Consenra-
tive party were justified in dealing with Reform;
but that, so far from that party being, as was
represented, divided and demoralised by it, he be-
lieved the figure six would accurately represent
that section of the party who found them-
selves unable to support the measure just passed.
Parliamentary Reform, however, was not yet done
with, and a most important duty remained
before them—that of framing a measure which
I should put an end to the degrading system
lof corruption, which is rather increasing than
diminishing. Sir J. PAKINGTON reminded his
hearers that in the Reform Bill of 1867 they had
resorted to the strong measure of disfranchising
four boroughs. He thought they had acted rightly
in so doing. The punishment inflicted was accord-
ing to precedent, and was certainly richly deserved ;
but for his own part he was not sanguine of the
result. " From the information I have received,"
said the right hon. baronet, " I believe that if every
borough after the last general election had been
disfranchised which deserved it, there would have
been a larger distribution of seats than the greatest
Radical would ever have proposed." This is strong
language, coming from a Cabinet Minister, whose
knowledge of the way in which such affairs are
managed may be supposed to be something more
than superficial. But we have little hope that any
restrictive measure, however carefully framed, will
succeed in purifying our electoral system. The
great increase of the constituencies may do some-
thing, because the larger they are the more costly
and difficult it will be to gain an election
through bribery, while there will necessarily
be less opportunity for the exercise of undue in-
fluence and intimidation. The limits we
have hitherto observed include, it is evident,
those classes to whom money is the chief good and
public morality only a term. We have no right to
suppose that the ranks of the population we are
now going to enfranchise will be any less scrupulous
or more greedy for gain. The increase of the con-
stituencies will, it may be hoped, do something ;
and the ballot will do something more. It is not
very likely that the Conservatives will begin by
offering such a concession, but there is little doubt
that if the people showed a strong desire for it they
would not refuse the experiment. They have already
proposed the admission of voting papers, which
is the first step towards the great end,
but the opposition which they met with compelled
them to abandon it. If the present House of Com-
mons refuse to deal with this part of the question
in a bold and patriotic manner, it will be the first.
task which the new constituents should set them-
selves through their representatives to obtain.
Sir JOHN PAKINGTON, in addressing a meeting
of working men, could hardly fail to touch upon the
great question of popular combinations. Ile referred
to it very appositely in commenting upon national
institutions. Every working man, ho said, was
free, so far as the constitution of his country was
concerned, to rise to the highest honours of the
State. " Have we not all heard," he asked, "of
the barber's shop in the south of England which
has sent forth two Lord Chancellors ? Do we not
know of the Generals who have risen in high com-
m Ind who have entered the army in the ranks ?"
He added the instance of an eminent and wealthy
member of the House of Commons, who boasted
that he had left , home a friendless boy with 3s. 6d.
in his pocket. What, he asked; could they wish for
more than this? But ho feared that the personal
freedom, which was the basis of all these advan-
tages, was imperilled by the mistaken legislation of
the working men themselves. While fully admit-
ting the right of working men to combine for the
protection of their own interests, all had a right to
demand that these combinations should not degene-
rate into crime.

The tidings which reach us from Italy are re-
assuring on the whole, and cannot 'fail to prove
that things are mending considerably. King
VICTOR EMMANUEL has taken the wisest course he
can in giving the orders for the Italian troops to
cross the frontier.of the Papal dominions. So soon
as it was ascertained that the French troops had
occupied Civita Vecchia, the necessary steps were
taken to secure success to their object without
causing the destruction of the alliance between
France and Italy, so much to be deplored in the
interests of both nations. No doubt there may be
found some persons who will object to this measure,
yet it cannot be shown that a more moderate way
lay before the authorities in this matter. This was
rendered partly obvious by the intimation which
the KING received from his new Ministry, who, it
was well known, informed hint that they could not
undertake the task unless something definite was
done at once. Wo do not suppose that King
VICTOR EMMANUEL was slow to perceive the sig-
nificance of this for himself, and hence the order
was given, which is chronicled iu the last intelli-
gence we have received. Although we cannot dis-
guise from ourselves that the state of Italy at this
moment is one that her friends must deplore ; still,
on the other baud, there is the satisfactory reflec-
tion to dwell upon that the worst has not happened,
and probably may not new. There seems very
little chance now that the revolutionists will be
mad enough to try coming into contact with the
troops of two regular armies, and therefore it is
honest to state that the march of the royal troops
over the border is in some respects a peaceful
transaction, though at first sight it looks warlike.
Things have now got into such a state that some-
thing decisive must be done immediately, and
the sooner the affair is over the better. What with
the changes of the war, and one thing and another,
the new Ministers have taken most active steps to
show their disavowal of the whole policy of GARI-
BALDI by signs and tokens that the most. infa-
tuated cannot mistake. Of course it is still possible
that they may persist in their mad endeavours, and
fight on desperately to the last, and, if so, they
must take the consequences upon themselves. At
any rate, as the position of affairs now stands, the
hopes of the Garibaldians are at a very low ebb, and
their revival seems next to impossible. It would be a
great relief to all parties to hear that some settlement
had been come to, for so confused is the state of
Italy just now, with all these various influences at
work, that an unforeseen occurrence of an untoward
nature may again convulse everything, and plunge
the whole nation into the worst horrors of foreign
invasion and civil war combined,

The official papers of Florence and Paris seem
very unwilling to express a definite opinion on the
state of the case, and contenir themselves with
Okla limuniaries of the chief news of

the hour. Their reticence is significant,: how-
ever, for it shows that there is more in the
background than they care to divulge. The Official
Gazette of Florence states that the French Moniteur
having announced that the French flag waves upon
the walls of CivitaVecchia, the KING S Government
has given the order for the Royal troops to cross
the frontier, and to occupy some parts of the Pon-
tifical territory, in conformity with the declaration
it had previously made. The Moniteur has cer-
tainly some reason for its hesitation, because of the
interruption that has taken place in the communica-
tions, owing to the telegraph being interfered with,
but it seems the persistent spirit that animates
GARIBALDI, he having threatened Rome, and hence
the Papal garrisons of Viterbo and other towns
were concentrating to aid in its defence against his
encroachments. The Moniteur seems to contradict
the report that prevails in seine quarters as to the
Roman question being settled by France and
Italy. On the contrary, it affirms that the
French circular leaves no doubt as to the inten-
tion of the Government "to submit to the
examination of all the great Powers a question
which interests Catholic Europe." This version
of the story is, no doubt, very likely to be the
correct one, and perhaps, after all, it may be the
best thing in the end, for the other nations of
Europe would approach the subject with a more
important and unbiassed view than those imme-
diately interested could possibly do, even if they
endeavoured to put aside prejudice and look things
fairly in the face.
It is perhaps no matter of surprise to find that
the Berlin Government: are resolved to give their
opinion of the case, although they are not called upon
to do so, and had far better let things alone. Be
this as it may, however, we find that the semi-official
Provincial Correspondence of last night declares
that Prussia has not as yet been compelled to take
" decisive action " in the Italian question,
" but that she will certainly not fail to
use her legitimate influence with the view
of preventing a more serious breach of the
peace of Europe." How this great desideratum
is to be effected by Prussian agency might well
puzzle any one to explain, but it may very safely
be affirmed that the best service which the presum-
ing Cabinet of Berlin can render will be to let things
alone. We should, besides, be very doubtful as to
the sincerity of Count BISMARCK'S intervention,
for in all probability he would not in
reality object to see a general bouleversement
of affairs between Franco on one side, and
the various Italian parties on the other. It is diffi-
cult to find words to express the disappointment
which GARIBALDI has caused to his best friends and
well-wishers by the determinate manner in which
he has rushed upon his fate as it were. If he paused
to consider the effect of his ways, he must feel that
he is not acting in accordance with the true interests
of the country he is so earnestly attached to, and it is
no excuse to say that he has not had time to reflect,
because it is the bounden duty of all who put them-
selves in responsible positions to do so. We must
content ourselves with hoping for the best, and
trusting that the bold attitude of the Italian Go-
vernment may turn out to have been a successful
policy, and that so far as possible Italy may be
speedily relieved from some of the worst of her pre-
sent evils.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Thursday Evening.

The telegraphic communications in the Pontifi-
cal States being still interrupted, no news has been
received in Paris of a later date than that which I
supplied yesterday. - The only new fact known
officially is, that in consequence of the march of
Garibaldi in the direction of Rome the Pontifical
'garrisons at Viterbo and other cities had effected a
movement of concentration with the view of pro-
viding more effectually for the defence of the Ca-
pital.
The reports to-day at the Bourse and elsewhere
respecting Italy are of a more alarming character
than usual. It is said that a portion of the Italian
army has entered the Pontifical territory. The
attitude of Prussia is a point of.absorbing interest.
It is, I believe, certain that a communication has
been made by the Cabinet of Berlin to that of
Florence, intimating that Prussia would not inter-
fere in purely Roman questions ; but if the king-
dom of Italy should be invaded by French troops,
Prussia would regard the fact as a casus belli. In
the presence of such a communication it is no wonder
that much agitation prevails in the political world
of Paris to-day.
I collect from the various accounts of the Italian
papers and other sources that nothing certain is
known about Garibaldi. On the 27th Nicotera
was traversing the province of Frosenone to make
his junction with the General. The report is current
that Garibaldi has entered Rome. This report is
not believed in official quarters. There has been a
Garibaldian manifestation at Florence. A report
was prevalent in that city, not only of a battle in
the vicinity of Rome, on Mount Parioli, where the
insurgents under Menotti Garibaldi made an attack,
but that barricades had been erected in the streets
of Rome, and fighting had commenced. Garibaldi
is said to have made 400 prisoners in the affair of
Monte Rotondo. The Dirritto asserts positively
that Garibaldi had taken possession of the villa
Piombino, close to the gates of Rome. The Ponti-
fical army was concentrated around the city. The
Journal de Rome asserts that the Garibaldian troops
find no difficulty in passing the frontier.
From the market returns it appears that the con-
sumption of oysters in Paris is to the extent of from
8,000 to 9,000 baskets a day. Each basket con-
tains twelve dozen, reckoned as 150. This is a con-
sumption of from 1,200,000 to 1,450,000 oysters a
day, or a total of 36 millions a mouth. Such havoc
as this among the oysters must surely "astonish the
natives."

Some time ago a reward was offered in England
for the discovery of a new- material which could be
converted into paper. A new branch of industry
now exists in France. 'Three manufactories have
been established where paper is made from the
vegetable fibre of resinous trees. They are in the
department of the Isere, the Upper Rhine, and the
Pas de Calais. These manufactories are said to
furnish already nearly a tenth part of the paper
consumed in France.

Public opinion is much occupied in Switzerland
with the proposal to tunnel the Swiss Alps so as to
establish railway communication between Switzer-
land and Upper Italy. The spot through which
the railway is to be carried is not yet decided upon.
The eastern cantons are in favour of the Lukmanier,
those of the west prefer the Simplon, whilst the
central cantons wish the railway to be carried
through St. Gothard.
The majority of the Federal Council have agreed
to a vote directing the Minister of the Swiss Con-
federation of Florence to endeavour to ascertain the
intentions of the Italian Government upon the sub-
ject. The representative of Switzerland is to be
eh irged with the task of learning if the Government
of Victor Emmanuel is still disposed to present to
the Chambers the project of law which was under
consideration last year, and if it would consent, in
concert with Switzerland, to make a representation
to the States of Southern Germany with a view to
interest them in the success of the project to tunnel
the Alps. The Swiss journals of the various cantons
I see discuss the vote of the Federal Council with
much earnestness and interest.

The Exhibition is to remain open for three days
more, viz., the Ist, 2d, and 3d of November, that is
to say until Sunday next inclusive; but this exten-
sion of time is only accorded with the view of obtain-
ing funds for charitable purposes. The following
is the notice issued by the Imperial Commission :
" The Imperial Commission assembled yesterday

to deliberate upon the numerous applications having
for object the continuation of the Exhibition during
the three fête days of the Ist, 2d, and 3d of
November. The Commissioners considered these ap-
plications under the double condition that the receipts
should be devoted to the offices of benevolence
of the city of Paris, and that the extension.of time
should be approved by the Foreign Commissioners.
The Foreign Commissioners graciously acceded to
this benevolent idea. The Imperial Commission
thanks them, and has issued a notice to the effect
that it is expedient to prolong the continuance of
the Exhibition until the 3rd of November inclusive,
with the present price of admission. The Imperial
Commission hopes that the exhibitors will assi,t in
the good work proposed, and that they will not
avail themselves of their right to take away their
articles during the additional three days.

All Paris seems to have been at the Exhibition
to-day. At all events there never since the open-
ing has been such difficulty in passing along the
galleries or even the Park. Of course, the mass
were not aware that the Commission had given
three days' grace, and took advantage of what was
generally supposed to be the last day. Besides,
the weather was so lovely, so warm, so bright, so
summer-like, that no one who could possibly go
out would have been at home. The Exhibition
comes to a becoming end. It was established to
promote friendly emulation in industry, art, and
mental progress, and it finishes with the endeavour
to promote the cause of " melting charity." Lord
Granville might have gone further in his eulogy of
Le Play and the Imperial Commission. They have
"done the State some service," like Othello. They
have done more. In the annals of time there will
be no record of such assistance to international
goodwill, and the march of mind in all the nations
of the earth, as has been given by the Imperial
Commission of the great International Exhibition
of 1867.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE,

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

FRENCH TROOPS IN ROME.

LEGHORN, Oct. 30 (?), 11.5 P.M.

Two French brigades have arrived in. Rome, and
were received in dead silence by the population.
Yesterday the Papal troops reconnoitred the
enemy, and returned to Rome.

An attack on Garibaldi by the Papal troops is
expected for to-day. -
THE ROMAN QUESTION.

PARIS, Oct. 31 (Evening).

The Constitutionnel says :—" The article pub-
lished by the Patrie in its issne of this evening,
headed, The Declaration of War,' is destined to
produce a regretable sensation in the public mind,
for nothing authorises the belief that the present
complications will lead to such extremities. The
Patrie has thus assumed a heavy responsibility,
which falls upon it alone, and which the Govern-
ment does not intend to share in any degree."
The Constitutionnel, also alluding to other state-
ments of the Pattie, denies altogether that the
Marquis do Moustier and Marshal Niel have been
at St. Cloud either together or separately, and that
they have had long conferences with the Emperor.

PARIS, Nov. 1.

This morning's Moniteur says :—" Despatches
from Rorie to the 29th ult. announced that the in-
habitants evinced great satisfaction on learning of
the arrival of the French ExpeditiOnary Corps at
Civita Vecchia. The Garibaldian bands were en-
camped within easy march of Rome, but had not
approached auy nearer the city. The cause of this
inactivity was not known in the capital."
A categorical denial is given to the article upon
the Roman Question published by the Petrie of last

evening.

FLORENCE, Oct. 31.

On closing the Central Insurrectional Relief
Committee in the capital the authorities also
seized the committee papers.
Count I3orromeo has been appointed Secretary-
General of the MiListry of the Interior.
The Italie of this evening denies the statement
made by the French Patric that the object of Gen.
La Marmora's mission to Paris is to come to an
understanding with the French Government rela-
tive to the conditions of a common intervention
with the Papal States, and says :—" The real aim
of the General's mission is to hasten a solution of
the present difficulties, which cannot be prolonged
without serious inconvenience and peril."
The Opinione says :—" A council of Ministers
met to-day to deliberate upon the reply to be given
to the French Note of the 25th October upon the
Roman question."
The same journal says :—" There are no news
to-day from Rome. The rumour of the entry into
the capital of some companies of the Chasseurs de
Vincennes is not confirmed. Albano is occupied
by 2,000 Pontifical troops. It is believed that a
conflict has taken place between the Papal troops
and the insurgents near Tivoli. The Royal Italian
forces are advancing to also occupy Conmarque.
They are received by the inhabitants with acclama-
tions. The Pontifical authorities having been
previously withdrawn from the communes
the latter have instituted a Committee and Provi-
sional Government in the name of King Victor
Emmanuel. It is asserted that the Italian Govern-
ment has sent one of Garibaldi's friends to the
General to persuade him to withdraw his voluLteers.
General Cialdini left yesterday for Terni.

The Gazzetta di lir•enze states that many arrests
have been effected at Civita Vecchia to prevent
popular demonstrations against the French.

FLORENCE, Nov. 1.

The Nazione of to-day says that according to the
latest advices received here the French troops were
still at Civita Vecchia.

General Cialdini has been appointed to the com-
mand of the Italian army of occupation.
The Italian troops have occupied several points
in the Papal territory.
A telegram from Correse announces the return
of Garibaldi to Monte Rotondo.

The population of Frosinone was about to pro-
ceed to vote by universal suffrage relative to their
future Government.

THE EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA.
MUNICH, Nov. 1.

It is stated that the Emperor Francis Joseph, on
Lis return journey to Vicuna will pay a visit to
Munich and Stuttgardt, and perhaps also to Carls-
ruhe, but not to Berlin. His Majesty is expeoted
at Vienna on the 7th inst.

AMERICA.
NEW YORK, Oct. 31, Six p.m.
The Radicals have carried the Virginia and
Georgia elections.
The steamer Minnesota has arrived out.