The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-22 00:00:00

I'HE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 22, 1867.

IIIETROPOLITaaInvdid-TEAT WESTERN
EASTER HOLIDAYS.—EXTRA TRAINS..
TRAINS every twenty minutes to and from• HAM-
MERSMITH. Trains every half-hour to and from KEN-
SINGTON and the CITY.

ENTRANTS IN 1867 PARTICIPATE IN FIFTH DIVISION OF
PROFITS.
MUTUAL ASSURANCE WITHOUT MUTUAL LIABILITY.
PROFITS APPLIED SO AS TO MAKE POLICIES PAYABLE IN
LIFETIME.
AND SO AS TO. RAISE SECOND CLASS LIVES, AFTER A
DEFINED PERIOD, TO FIRST CLASS RATES.

BRITISH EQUITABLE ASSURANCE
COMPANY,

4, Queen-street-place, Southwark-bridge, London, E.C.
DIRECTORS.
George Thomas Dale, Esq., Bayswater.
Edmund Dunn, Esq., Croydon.
William Gover, Esq., Blackheath.
William Sutton Gover, Esq., 4, Queen-street-place.
John Middleton Hare, Esq., Forest Hill.
Fountain John Hartley, Esq., Dalston.
John Smither. Esq., Wellclose-square.
Joseph Warmington, Esq., Lee-grove, Blackheath.
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND ACTUARY.
IV Ham Sutton Gover, Esq., F.S.S., F.LA.
AUDITORS.
Mr. Deputy Obbard, Blackheath.
Charles Brown, Esq., Waddon.
William George Lemon, Esq., Blackheath
BANKERS.
The London and Westminster Bank.
PHYSICIAN.
William Munk, Esq., M.D., F.S.A. (Fellow of the Royal
College of Physicians of London), 40, Finsbury-square.
SURGEON.
Thomas Carr Jackson, Esq. (Fellow of the Royal College
of Surgeons, Surgeon to the Great Northern Hospital,
King's-cross), 3, Weymouth-street, Portland-place.

EUROPEAN ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament.
CHAIRMAN- Gen. Sir FREDERIC SMITH, F.R.S.
Policies payable during life, indisputable, not liable to
forfeiture.
The ROYAL NAVAL, MILITARY, and EAST
INDIA Life Department, affording peculiar advantages to
Officers and others in the Navy and Army, is under the
especial patronage of
HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
Annual Premium Revenue, upwards of £310,000.
New Premium Income in 1865 exceeded £62,000.
Life, Fire, Guarantee, and Annuities at advantageous
rates.
The European is the only Society authorised by the Im-
perial Parliament to Guarantee the Fidelity of Govern-
ment Officials.
Full particulars of the popular principles of this Society
will be found in the New Prospectus, which will be for-
warded to applicants, post free.
Offices - 316, Regent-street ; 17, Waterloo-place, Pall-
mall; and 69, King William-street, City.
HENRY LAKE, Manager.

i„ZT. JOSEPH'S HALL, TOTTENHAM-
L ROAD, KINGSLAND.—At the request of the
Fathers of Charity, Mr. SOMERVILLE, Dramatic Reader
to the Society of Arts, will give a Reading in the above
hall on EASTER TUESDAY EVENING, April 23.
Subject—Mr. Charles Dickens's " Nicholas Nickleby." In
aid of a fund for the widow and family of the late T. E.
Bradley, founder of the "Lamp."—Admission —Chairs, ls.;
back seats, 61 Tickets to be had of Mr. W. D. Scott, at
the Presbytery, 170, Culford-road, Kingsland, and of Mr.
James Duffy, Publisher, 22, Paternoster-row..—Doors
opened at half-past seven o'clock p.m., to commence at
eight precisely.
*** No money taken at the doors.

PAINLESS SYSTEM OF DENTISTRY.
Just published. price 3d. Post free four stamps.
TOTAL ABOLITION OF PAIN
IN DENTISTRY.
By Messrs. GABRIEL, the old established DENTISTS,

0!, LUDGATE- HILL, CI l'Y, 1 Londm.
56. HA RI. EY-ST rt E E W.,
134, DUKE-STREE r, LIVERPOOL.

wages is much commented on by the workmen
themselves, as may be seen in the reports of the
delegates of almost all the trades of Paris, who
were
sent to report not only on the Great Exhibi-
tion in London, but on the regulations of trade and
on the labour market. They comment freely on
the great profits made by capitalists, and on the
comparatively small rewards earned by skilled la-
bour. The Parisian trade delegates even go so far
as to suggest the establishment in France of co-
operative societies, so as to supersede the pre-
sent irksome and, as they regard them, degrad-
ing relations between masters and workmen.
They desire the sanction and assistance of Govern-
ment in opening, by way of experiment, co-oper-
ative workshops for the manufacture and sale
of such articles, for instance,
as gloves, on which
they aver the profits of the capitalists are enormous
when compared with those of the workmen.
But the providing of capital for the starting of such
co-operative and highly remunerative societies
the workmen of 'Paris regard as the proper busi-
ness of a Government based on universal suf-
frage. In these visionary but most pernicious
schemes we see something more than the germs
of socialism. Against the growth of this evil the
French Government is much more powerless to
act than our own, for its existence is dependent on
three great supports—the army, the Church, and
the working men of Paris. It dare not estrange,
therefore, by any restrictive measures the latter
most dangerous clasS of its supporters. In Ger-
many and Belgium, as well as in France and Eng-
land, socialistic ideas as to the relations of labour
and capital, and as to their respective rights,
find expression in an organization which possesses
the dangerous power of bringing at any given
moment or place trade and commerce as well as
•
the traffic and ordinary business of, life to a dead
lock. At this very time the union men on the
North-Eastern ItaiNVay are out On strike, 'and the
delegates of the Midland Company men have sent
a notice to the chief officers of the Midland
Company that if they or the Board of Directors
assist, as they have been doing,. the North-East-
ern Company, "to get through the unhappy dis-
aster which they have by tyranny and oppression
brought down on themselves, the Midland en-
ginemen or firemen will join the great body of
their own calling throughout the country in an
united movement" against employer.s The cen-
tral committee of the Engine Drivers and Fire-
men's United Society, in order to carry on the
struggle, has decided that a general weekly levy
be made of 3s. upon each driver and 2s. upon each
fireman all over the country. Another illustra-
tion of the organized action of the trades
unions is the threatened strike of the London
tailors, on Monday next, because the masters' com-
mittee refuse to negotiate with a mixed committee
of London and country workmen, as it was plain
to the . masters that the :country workmen could
only negotiate on propositions which could not be
accepted or acted upon by the London trade, ex-
cept upon compulsion. To meet the expenses of
the struggle, in this instance also, a weekly levy of
2s. per man was ordered throughout the coun-
try. The two delegates sent to Paris by the
London men report that the strike in Paris is
progressing most favourably. About sixty large
employers have given way during the past week,
and of the 15,000 who struck, fully 5,000 have
resumed work at the advanced rate of wages.
The danger of these
trades' unions lies, even far
more than in the precision in which they can bring
their power and wealth to
bear on employers, in
theabsence of all moral motive in their action; they
are guided simply by what they consider their ma-
terial interests ; they have no notion, as was ex-
emplified in the answers of a stone mason before
the Royal Commission of Inquiry, of duty towards
their masters, or of the common justice which is due
to them. Employers are looked upon in the light
of enemies, to be coerced or to be punished by bad
work skilfully concealed. It is not t.o be denied
that modern civilization is more considerate than
society in some preceeding centuries for the ma-
terial comforts of the masses, and that a higher
value is set upon life and upon its material en-
joyments ; the risk, however, is—and it is DO small
one—that men should be guided in their actions
solely by material considerations and, in ignorance
of higher motives and rewards of conduct, insist
upon material enjoyment as a substantial guar-
antee for happiness, which they have learned
to ' look upon as the only object of man's life
and its constant pursuit. But if baulked in
material enjoyments man, taught to regard them
as the sole purpose of life, will turn in his disap-
pointinent upon society like an infuriated tiger
upon its keeper. Such a danger is evidently
ahead, and civilized society must look to itself
and mend its ways by times, or else our age
may yet witness a convulsion more wide-spread
than that of the French Revolution, more lasting
in its results, even if not so degrading to human
nature in its passionate ferocity.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

+ --

At Aldershott during the past week the chief event
has been the inspection of the division by Field-
Marshal the Duke of Cambridge, which took place
on Thursday. The Duke, who was accompanied by
Major-Gen. Lord W. Paulet, K.C.8., Adjutant-
General, and Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. H. Grant, G.C.8.,
Quartermaster-General, arrived at Farnborough
shortly after 11 o'clock, and was received at the
Lieut.-Gen. Scarlett, K.C.8., and
Staff. He first proceeded to the rifle ranges at
rail way station by
Hungry-hill, where sections of the 18th Royal Irish,
44th, 65th, and 56th Regiments were at ball prac-
tice with the Snider rifle. After witnessing the vol-
ley-firing and file-firing of the sections of the 56th
Regiment at 400 and 30) yards respectively, he pro-
ceeded to Eelmoor, where the artillery and two bri-
gades of infantry were drawn up in line of contigu-
ous columns. He was received with the royal salute.
After inspection of the ranks the troops marched
past, the artillery in close column of batteries at a
walk, and the infantry in open columns of grand
divisions in quick time, and in the following order :
—Staff of the Division, Lieut. Gen. the Hon. Sir J.
Y. Scarlett, K.C.8., commanding ; C and H bat-
teries, 9th Brigade, R.A. ; Staff of the Ist Brigade,
Major-Gen. Renny, Col. Call and Ist battalion 18th
Royal Irish, Col. Lacy and the 56th Regiment ;
Pioneers, bands, and drums of the second brigade ;
Staff of brigade ; Major-Gen. Campbell, C. 8.,
Major Brown, C. 8., and the 44th (East Essex)
Regiment ; Col. Wyatt, C. 8., and the 65th Regi-
ment. The field batteries next marched past at a
walk, and proceeded to quarters. The infantry
formed parallel lines by brigades, and were put
through a variety of evolutions. They were also
exercised in the new style of firing and advancing in
line. The Duke then proceeded to the Long Val-
ley, where he inspected the Royal Horse Artillery
and the Cavalry Brigade. This concluded the day's
proceedings. The various movements were executed
by the troops with great steadiness and precision,
and in the firing none of the defects recently
ascribed to the Snider rifle were apparent.

The Ordnance Select' Committee of
Woolwich
Arsensal were engaged in carrying
out some impor-
tant experiments Shoeburyness on Tuesday and
at
Wednesday last, with two 32-pounders converted
into 64-pounder rifled guns, on Major Palliser's
system, and also with Colonel Boxer's shrapnel
shells, which were fired from a 7-inch rifled gun.
The Palliser 64-pounders having previously fired
the service charges of 81b. for range and accuracy
with very good results, the firing continued on
Tuesday with double charges, and 50 rounds
were fired with 161 b. of powder. The guns worked
well, being mounted on shies, and no signs of
any defect were shown. It is stated that the War-
office will shortly undertake the conversion of our
present useless stock of cast-iron guns on a large
scale. This was some time ago strongly advocated
and recommended by Gen. Lefroy, President of the
Select Committee, who was the fitst to appreciate
the value of Major Palliser's experiments. A short
time since a 64-pounder wrought-iron gun sent
Major Palliser's chilled shot through the Warrior
target with only 121 b. of powder ; it therefore natu-
rally follows that our 32-pounders, of which there
are several thousands in the service, can be converted
into rifled guns which will penetrate any foreign
ironclad. This remark applies with still greater
force to our cast-iron guns of larger dimensions.
One of these guns, a 68-pounder, was converted
into a 7-inch gun, and during the year 1865 fired
upwards of 750 rounds, every one of which, had
chilled projectile§ been employed, would have pene-

trated the Warrior at 500 yards. The Victorian
Government has been the first to act on General
Lefroy's recommendation, and 20 32-pounders and
two 68-poutnlers, are being converted by their
orders into 6-inch 64-pounders and 7-inch 115-
p 'enders. On Wednesday the experiments at Shoe-
buryncss were c mtinued with the 7-inch Boxer
shrapnel. This shell contains about 450 bullets of
iron, and is in itself a small loaded cannon. The
powder charge is coatainel in a ch tnib.3r towards
the base of the shell, where the sides of the shell are
thick ; the Pullets are put into the cylindrical por-
tion of the shell, and a false head of thin wrought-
iron is then attached. The fuss, which is also of
Colonel Boxer's pattern, is lighted by the flash of
the gun, and communicates through a long tube
with the powder in rear. The wood targets, repre-
senting a column of inff.ntry, were set up at a dis-
tance of 1,200 yards upon the sands, and the fuses
were arranged so as to burst the shells about 60 or
100 yards in front of them. The experiments were
completely successful, as the shells burst at the pro-
per time, scattering their contents with the desired
effect. The appearance of the bullets falling on the
seashore at the distanc3 of 1,200 yards may be best
described by comparing it to a shower of gravel
falling on a sheet of water, and casting up the
bubbles. When the firing terminated, the " wooden
regiment" was examined, and each target represent-
ing a soldier was found riddled in many plum.
These shells are certainly the most terrific missiles
ever devised for the destruction of troops in column,
or in boats attempting to effect a landing. The ex-
per:ments were conducted by,,Colonel Wilmot, tha
commandant, and they lasted until Wednesday,
when the Ordnance Select Committee returned' to
Woolwich.
Recruiting for the East India and British depots
at Chatham garrison has been discontinued, with
the exception of the Ist and 2d Royals and the 29th
Regiment, the various corps having been recruited
up to their full strength.
A number of non-commissioned officers and sap-
pers of the Royal Engineers left head-quarters,
Chatham, on Saturday,•and proceeded to Dover, for
the purpose of assisting in the arrangements for the
Volunteer review to-day. During the time they
are at Dover they will be under the orders of the
Royal Engineer establishment.
Lieut. E. J. W. Laing, 2d West India Regiment,
and Ensign W. IL Maberly, 4th West India Regi-
ment, at Chatham garrison, have been placed under
orde s for embarkation, to join the service companies
of their respective corps.
An order has been received at Chatham directing
a number of men to be selected from the various
infantry corps at that garrison to proceed to Netley,
where they will go through a probationary course
of instruction previously to being transferred to the
Army Hospital Corps.
A detachment of the Ist division of the Depot*
Brigade, Royal Artillery, has been placed under
orders to proceed from Lead-quarters to Shorncliffe,
to augment the Royal Artillery at that station.

Mr. Corry, M.P., First Lord of the Admiralty,
arrived on Thursday afternoon at. Plymouth,
and in passing through the Sound visited and in-
spected the armour-plated screw steamship Cale-
donia, 30, Capt. Hon. Fitzgerald A. C. Foley, flag
of Admiral Hasti❑gs R. Yelverton,. C.B. Port-
Admiral Sir William F. Martin, K.C.8., and
Rear-Admiral Superintendent the Hon. James R.
Drummond, C. 8., met the First Lord in the Sound.
On Good Friday in the morning the First Lord
attended divine service at the chapel in the dock-
yard, and in the afternoon went on Mount
Wise. One of the principal objects of this visit
appears to refer to the condition of the iron and
armour-plated ships. On Saturday morning Mr.
Corry landed from the Enchantress at the dock-
yard. He was accompanied during the day by Sir
S. C. Dacres, K.C.8., one of the Lords; the First
Secretary, Lord Henry Lennox ; Capt. Brandreth,
Secretary to the First Lord; Mr. Robinson, Con-
troller of the Navy ; Major Clarke and Mr. Hunt,
of the Treasury ; and was attended by the Port
Admiral, Admiral Superintendent, Capt. Preedy,
Capt. Tremlett, Mr. Martyn, Master Attendant ;
Mr. Moore, Master Builder, &c. They first visited
the storehouses, testing house, south smithery, and
saw mills, and then went into No. 3 slip, in which
is the screw steamship Robust, 81. She is only in
frame ; for although she has been six years on the
stocks, no hands have been employed on her for
some time. The disposal of this ship has long been
a difficulty at Whitehall. In slip No. 2is the Lap-
wing, 3, a double screw gun vessel of 663 tons,
partly in frame, and building, being the only vessel
in which progress is making in any of the capacious
slips of Devonport dockyard. The mast-house
having been visited their lordships next passed
through the rope-walk, and examined the spinning
jennies and new engine-house. At noon they were
occupied some time in the office of the Admiral
Superintendent. At 230 p.m. Mr. Corry went on
board the Princess Alice, which conveyed him to
the breakwater ; but in consequence of the bois-
terous weather his stay here was very short, and
Ile was not enabled to estimate the damage done
by the storms of the winter to the structure, and
which it will cost upwards of £20,006 to repair.
At 3 30 p.m. the First Lord landed again
at the dockyard, • and proceeded through the
tunnel to Keyham steam-yard. He went round
the iron turret ship Prince Albert, 4, in
No. 2 dock, and the armour-plated screw steam
ship Lord Warden, 20, in No. 3 dock ; the latter
is undergoing alterations and preparing for the first
division of the Steam Reserve. His lordship then
passed through the great quadrangle to the new
ground on the north, where a branch of the Corn-
wall Railway, some mile and a half long, has been
introduced, by a connexion at Camel's Head. The
extension of the north basin, which lies between the
quadrangle and Hamoaze, was next inspected. Ori-
ginally this basin was 450 ft. long, 400 ft. broad,
and 36ft. deep. When completed, in about six
months, it will be 900 ft. long, 400 ft. broad, and
41ft. deep. The work, which is under contract to
Mr. Jackson, appears to be progressing very satis-
factorily. There is naturally considerable difficulty
in deepening the entrance to Hamoaze. Adjoining
this basin is a boat basin, outside its western boun-
dary, about 300 ft. long. by 100 ft. at one end
diminishing to about 20ft. at the other end, and
30ft. deep. After expending some time on board
the wooden screw steam sloop Daphne, 4, Mr.
Corry and his colleagues joined the steam yacht
Princess Alice, which conveyed them up Hamoaze.
It is reported in Plymouth that the screw steam-
ship Royal Albert, 107, of 3,726 tons burden, and
with engines of 500-horse power, is likely to be
appropriated for a gunnery ship in place of the Cam-
bridge, 2,139 tons, Capt. Charles J. F. Ewart.
A further discharge of hands in the ropemaking
department at Chatham Dockyard has been made,
by order of the Admiralty, the late introduction of
spinning machinery having to a very considerable
extent lessened the demand for manual labour. The
hands thus discharged are to be entered as dock-
yard labourers at 45., 35., and 2s. 6d. per day
respectively.
In the notice in the " Naval Intelligence"
columns of The Sun of Saturday, an error was made
in st.tting that the original designs for the extension
of Chathatn Dockyard, and the work now being car-
ried out there, was made by Major Andrew Clarke,
R.E., the present Director of Works to the Ad-
miralty, these works having been designed by Mr.
Scamp, the present Deputy-Director of Werka, at
the time Sir Charles Wood held office as First Lord
of the Admiralty. The still greater works at Ports-
mouth were also designed by Mr. Scamp, as were
the extension works at Keyham, Gibraltar, and
Malta, now nearly completed.
The armoured screw frigate Royal Alfred, Capt.
F. A. Herbert, flagship of Vice-Admiral Sir G.
Rodney Mundy, K.C.8., still remains anchored at
Spitheacl, but will, it is understood, according tQ