The Sun.
London, England, 1860-12-11 00:00:00

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Nenioirs of Major-General Sir _Henry 'riveloch
K.C.B. By John Clark .Marsham, Longman.
Although th, Indian Mutiny is now a matter of
history, and many who won renown in that terrible
struggle are little thought of now, there are still
a few whose matchless achievements have caused
their names to be inscribed on the scroll of fame, in
letters which the lapse of years cannot oblite-
rate, and foremost among these stands that of
HENRY HAVELOCK. His gallant advance to the re-
lief of Lucknow struck the first blow to save British
supremacy in the East. It was not so much the
practical results, in a military point, gained by his
success that contributed to this result, as the dread '
of defeat which it occasioned the enemy. When
they saw a handful of Europeans disperse army
after army, and still advance, they began to think
of the days of Clive and Wellington, and their
hearts failed them. Mr. Marshman has delayed
the publication of these memoirs until the present
time, in order to collect the various documents in
reference to Havelock's military career, as well as
information relating to his early life. For the success
of the work, we could have wished that it had been
presented, if possible, when all England rang with
the name of Havelock ; besides, it is a great mis-
take in biographers to collect too much unimportant
detail, which cannot interest the reader, nor yet ,
add any information concerning the subject of the
memoirs. This fault has been committed by the
author to a certain extent; had many of the letters
been omitted it were much better. Nevertheless,
we will not complain, seeing he has furnished, us
with a very minute history of the gallant Major-
General, who, from his youth upward, was a dis-
appointed man. He was naturally of a religious
turn, and although ho had always a predeliction
for the army, at the desire of his mother, to whom
he was much attached, he determined to follow the
law; differences with his father however, obliged him
to relinquish this profession. His brother
who held a commission in the 43d Regiment, hav-
ing been of service to Baron Charles Alden, to
whom he was aide-de-camp at Wa.terloo, the Baron
promised to use his influence tra procure the ad-
vancement of his young friend. But William
Havelock requested him ra.tb or to procure a com-
mission for his brother, wird which he at once com-
plied. ;Once a soldier, Havelock determined to
understand his profession, and devoted most of
his time to study it as a science, reading
Vauban, Lloyd, Teraplehoff, and Jomini ; in fact,
he read every military memoir within his reach,
and it is to this perseverance, joined to natural
ability, that he owed his success, though his services
lacked reward. We do not intend to follow young
Havelock through all the vicissitudes of his ardu-
ous career ; it would be but the repetition of a
story told, alas! too often, of merit without
patronage being left in the rear, while incapacity,
aided by influence, walks over their heads.
Tired of an inactive life, Havelock exchanged into
the 13th Light Infantry, ordered for Calcutta.
Havelock's military ability and his general con•
duct soon won him the confidence of his superiors ;
but his religious persuasions, which he carried
almost to extremes, at least in the opinion of his
brother officers, went against him ; in fact he over-
did it. Although his religious instructions to the
troops did no harm to those who would not listen to
him, it caused many who came into his congregation
to become sober and steady men. The following
passage will show the feeling on both sides :
"It was during this period that Colonel Sale, who com-
manded the 13th, made the remark which has been inad-
vertently attributed to Lord Wm. Bentinck. Havelock's
religious meetings among the men had irritated sonic of
his brother officers, and a strong feeling of opposition to
him had grown up in the regiment. On one occasion,
while Havelock was confined to his couch for several dais
by illness, it was reported that one of his saints' had been
found drunk, and it furnished matter of triumph to his op-
ponents. On his recovery he requested a full investigation
of the case in the presence of the colonel, when it was dis-
covered that there were two man of the same name in dif-
ferent companies in the coil-A, and that the man who had
been intoxicated did not bolong to Havelock's company, or
assemble with his little, congregation. It was then that
Col. Salo exclaimed, in his blunt manner, I know nothing
about Baptists, but I know that I wish the whole regiment
were Baptists, for their names are never in the defaulters'
toll, and they aro never in the congee—or lock-up—house.'
The influence bf Havelock's Christian exertions, combined
with his sound judgment and vigour of mind, was power-
fully felt, not only in his own regiment, but beyond its
circle; and it has been well remarked by a Presbyterian
clergy.nan, who enjoyed much domestic intercourse with
him, that he was, in the highest and best sense of the
w'ord, a noble Christian missionary, recommending, bath
by precept and example, the Gospel of Christ to all around.
In him the military character was so clear and. so fully de-
veloped ; he was such a stern and rigid disciplinarian ; and
his command over his soldiers was so absolute that worldly
men easily tolerated the saint in their admiration of the
soldier.' His character was well defined in one expressive
sentence, when Lord Hardinge said of him, he is every
inch a soldier, and every inch a Christian."

The adjutancy of the 13th having become vacant,
Havelock applied for the appointment, which he
ultimately obtained ; but Lord William I3entinch,
in presenting it to Mrs. Havelock, showed her a num-
ber of letters from various officers, stating that her
husband " was a Methodist and a fanatie—whose
character as an officer was lowered by familiar
intercourse with the men—whose strong religious
views would prevent him from acting with impar-
tiality as adjutant." Lord Bentinck smiled, and
said, from inquiries he had made, he wished that
her husband could convert the whole regiment, but
he added, " The adjutant must not preach." Thus
it was that his religious zeal, admitted to be bene-
ficial, stood greatly in the way of his promotion.
Appointed as an aide-decamp in the Burmese war,
his evil genius caused the ship in which he was
to be delayed by various causes, and to
arrive at the scene of notion only in time
to witness the success of his comrades. In
the memorable retreat of General Sale from Cabul
he was of eminent service ; in fact, he was one of
the few that always hoped on, but, of course, the
glory went to others. His letters relating to these
terrible times are most interesting, writing as he does
dispassionately, and taking a calm military view
of his subject. While General Sale and his scanty
garrison were anxiously awaiting succour besieged
in Jellalabad by Akbar Khan's troops, the one
survivor of the main body of the garrison of Cabul
arrived. Havelock, in a letter, thus describes
I it :

"About two p.m. on the 13th of January, some officers
were assembled on tie roof of the loftiest house in Jellala -
bad. One of them espied a single horseman riding towards
our walls. As he got nearer it was distinctly seen that he
wore European clothes, and was mounted on a travel-
backed yaboo, which he was urging on with all the speed
of which it yet remained master. A signal was made to
him by some one on the walls, which he answered by wav-
ing a private soldier's forage cap over his head. The Cabul
gate was then thrown open, and several officers rushing
out, received, and recognised in the traveller, who dis-
mounted, the first, and it is to be feared the last, fugitive
of the ill-fated force at Cabul in Dr. Brydon. He was
covered with slight outs and contusions, and dreadfully
exhausted. His first few hasty sentences extinguished all
hope in the hearts of the listeners regarding the fortune of
the Cabul force. It was evident that it was annihilated.
Countenances full of sorrow and dejection were immedi-
ately seen in every corner of Jellalabad ; all labour was
suspended—the working parties recalled—the assembly
sounded—the gates were closed, and the walls and batteries
manned, and the cavalry stood ready to mount, The first
impression was that the enemy were rapidly following a
crowd of fugitives in upon the walls, but three shots only
were heard in the direction of Char Bagh ; and when the
effervescence in some measure subsided, not an Affghan
could be discovered in that quarter, though numerous
telescopes were directed to it. But the recital of
1)r. Brydon filled all hearers with horror, grief, and Indic-
nation."

Shortly after the arrival of Dr. Bryeon, Havelock
wrote to Serampore the following letter, which is
characteristic of the cool, calculating, courageous
soldier :

" A wide and sweeping destruction has overtaken our
force which formerly garrisoned Cabul. Their retreat was
not a military operation in any way. Had they retired as
a column, ever so late, they might indeed have lost their
cannon and one-half their force ; but they could have ar-
rived under these walls with their colours, some show of
discipline, and the other half of the force of every arm. But
they credulously confided in Anglian faith, moved in the
power and at the dictation of Akbar Khan, took up the
positions which he pointed out, forbore to fire on the parti-
sans whom he had arrayed to destroy them ; and, as much
to the last the dupes of intrigue and treachery as the victims
of the sword, cold, hunger, and fatigue, have been engulfed
in the eastern Ghilzye mountains. One fugitive alone has
reached us alive.
"This has rendered our task a difficult one, but I trust
We can no
we look its asperities in the face like soldiers.
rid of
longer trust our Affghan Irregulars, and ar getting
' them. We must, by God's help, striveotiowdtesfienindpiaynceatr;
sive enceinte, of which the parapets of
frammunition, which
proof, with an insufficient supp-ly
:nd only two, not strong
can last only by being husbndreo-dp"
can and the other native,
regiments of infantry, one We have full six weeks'
a good artillery, and 20_orhorse.
only about thr©e weeks longer
et thardynyi aroundutoskuept
muskets,
Jan.
erszd.
as
iloNsf:ae t.haveswords,
-
provisions, but forage I
than we can commandi th
embodied our campinfionlgorh
eeerneacoawunlri
spears, and
wd
eevaerneasrtones for the defence of the walls. Akbar
at Lughman, and is now at Tigree, raising
Khan has been
think we can, by God's blessing, if besieged
with gnus' protect
followers. 1 our defence full forty
days. 'We are
resolved on every eff)rt to save for Government Jellalabad
and Eastern Affghanistan. If it cannot then relieve us, we
sink, but we shall, I trust, die like soldiers."
The author's description of this ill-fated retreat
through all its details are most graphically nar-
rated, he enters into the probable causes of the
outbreak, shows how it might in all possibility
have been averted ; he cites also high authorities
to prove that the first war in Affghanistan should
never have been undertaken; and, finally, he
expatiates on the vacillating policy of the Governor-
General, and his cowardly conduct at last in throw-
ing the responsibility of advancing upon Cabul on
General Nott, by giving him leave to retire by way
of Cabul. Havelock served with distinction with
General Nott in the retreat via Cabul ; and his
return he wrote a history of the campaign,
however, met with no success; in fact, wlcould
want of
never succeed as an author, not frr
o none _", his,
ability, but from one cause or anotlie n

three productions were foit'inate. Having served
in Persia, he returned in ill-health to England, and
on his again 'going out he remained inactive until
the mutiny called forth his energy and talent, and
gave the neglected soldier an opportunity of gain-
ing greater distinction and higher hot.our than lay
in the power of the War-office to bestow. Such is
,a brief sketch of the leading features of tilos( me-
moirs. We have made no'mention of Havelock's
latter career. That is well known to all ; but to
I those who desire to peruse carefully the life of tne
undaunted General, together with the history of
many memorable events which have taken place
in India, such as the Burmese campaigns, the wars
in A ffghanistan and Persia, all of which are de-
scribed with truth and ability, this work will prove
highly attractive.

THE BRITISH LFGION.

(FROM A MEMBER OF THE LEGION.)

SALERNO, Nov. 29.
The departure of the English Legion from
Caserta has been expedited by an occurrence of a
somewhat unexpected nature, some of the Italian
regiments stationed there having juioed in an at tack
upon the members of the brigade, which began to
assume a very serious aspect, so much so that it was
necessary to separate the belligerents and transport
the Legion to some distance from Caserta. The
affair commenced on the evening of Tuesday, the
27th instant, and, so far as I can learn, would
appear to have originated in some dispute which
occurred at a cafe, between the English and a
party of the Italian volunteers. The precise man-
ner in which the quarrel commenced is 'unknown,
but it resulted in an attack being made upon the
English, who were only some half-dozen or so
in number, and were armed merely with their
bayonets. They were driven out of the cafe into the
street, but managed for some time to defend them-
selves successfully, until the number of their
assailants had. very considerably increased. At
this period I happened to be returning to the bar-
racks through the square where the affray com-
menced, and can record its result from personal
observation.

An immense crowd of Italian volunteers was
assembled in the centre of the square, and in the
midst were the English. Both parties appeared
to be scuffling together, the mob surging to and
fro amidst a scene of deafening shouts and cries.
The English were borne into the Italian barracks,
but contrived to fight their way out. A body of their
oppon eats, amounting at least to 50 or 60, then
rushed from their barracks, armed with drawn
swords, heavy sticks, &c., and made an indiscrimi-
nate attack upon the English, who were compelled
to retreat somewhat precipitately. One man who
was standing a few paces front me, and who had
not taken any part whatever in the affray, was
struck to the ground by a blow on the head from a
heavy stick, and his assailants gallantly surrounded
and knocked him about until he was insensible.
The whole body then rushed down the street lead-
ing to the English barracks, brandishing their
swords and crying "Down with the English."
The latter made the best of their way to their bar-
racks, with a view of rousing their comrades and
returning with assistance, as it was known that
several of the English volunteers were about in dif-
ferent parts of the town, and if they met any of the
Italians in the infuriated state they were in it was
feared, as most of the former were unarmed, they
would be cut down without mercy. The fear was,
to some extent, realised. as several of them who
were returning to barracks by twos and threes
were a good deal knocked about and bruised, but
escaped without serious injury. In the meantime
the great body of the Italians rushed up to the
English barracks, pushed past the sentries, who
were unable singly to oppose any resistance, and ran
up the steps leading to the officers' quarters,
clamouring for the English commandant. The
English volunteers who had escaped from the melee
ran up to their own quarters, and the cry of " Fix
bayonets" resounded from room to room. Most of
them had retired to bed, but in less than five

minutes upwards of 100 were up, dressed, and down
in the courtyard, with bayonets fixed to repel any
further attack, and to render any assistance to
their comrades that might be required. Major
Smelt, the officer in command, whose privacy had
been rather suddenly invaded by the Italians,
came down and procured the assistance of General
Zacchi and ofseveral other commanding officers, who
endeavoured to pacify their men, who appeared to
be satisfied with nothing less than the total and im-
mediate extirpation of the entire English brigade.
The English officers also hurried down, and fortu-
nately met the body of their men, which was coming
down at the" double," in time to prevent an actual
collision, which in a. few moments more would have
undoubtedly occurred, the number of the Italians
having increased to between 400 and 500. For a
long time the English refused to retire, a report hav-
ing got afloat that several of their number had been
killed, and they were grad ually becoming as noisy
and bellicose as their opponents. Major Smelt at
length made his appearance, and comparative order
having been obtained, he stated that he had seen
Gen. Zacchi, who had promised that the whole matter
should be investigated in the morning. There was
no doubt that violence had been committed, but he
(Major Smelt) gave them his word of honour that
he would see that justice was done. He would ask
them as a personal favour to go quietly to their
beds, and they might rest satisfied that a thorough
investigation would be made in the morning.
The major's assurance had the effect of partially
allaying the storm, and the English went to their
rooms, the Italians having been at the same time
got rid of by similar means. A strong patrol of
the National Guard then went round the town to
pick up all the English stragglers, who were
ordered into barracks, the gates of which were also
entrusted to their care. Several Englishmen were
shortly afterwards brought in, some of them much
hurt and bruised. Sergeant Clark of the 10th com-
pany, was killed, having received a bayonet thrust
through the chest, and similar wounds in other
parts of the body. Another volunteer named
Lockhart, a private in the sth company, was also
seriously wounded by b ayonet thrusts, and now
lies at the hospital at Caserta in a very precarious
condition. Immediate attention was paid to the
men who were hurt, Major Smelt having gone
through the rooms to ascertain how many. were
their
i
ysnbote.dfsre.
scot-frees
nn jeunr,ewd ao nwd
ear lesion wit i
state
ht a theteo
f intention
great e
xoefi
tceanal me
nt ntg,
atnhae
a
cl°ta
llidannso t
didbe pnerostuaedsecdapteo
genotitroel
many of them were a good deal knocked about ;
but I have not learned that any of them have re-
ceived serious injury. Two privates in the Hungarian
regiment,one of whom was mixed up in the com-
mencement
of the affray, sided with the English,
and,
armed with heavy stones, delivered one or two
good knock-down blows.
In the morning the Italians assembled in crowds
round the hissing, groaning, and throwing stones
at every Englishman who presented himself; being
only kept from entering the barracks by the efforts
of a detachment of the National Guard ; but more
difficulty was experienced by our officers in keep-
ing their men in than the others out, they being as
anxious as their opponents to resort to the arbitra-
ment of arms.

THE MIDLAND AND LANCASHIRE AND YORK-
sit IRE RAILWAY S .—Rumours of an intention to amalga-
mate these companies have for some time been prevalent,
and have exercised some influence on the value of their
respective shares. We can state, on the most positive autho-
rity, that these rumours are without foundation, and that
no proposal of such a nature has been made, or even dis-
cussed, by the directors. The rumour has probably arisen
from the fact that negotiatians have been taking
place for some alterations and improvement in the traffic
arrangements between the two companies.—Leeds Mercury.
CONFESSION OF THE WYBEBTON MURDERER._
Thomas Richardson, who w
has last, of
the crime, and stated to
ofawsifunifotolyd
mguuirltdyeriant
gthteheLpionlcioceln.
ca.os
nsiszteasb,
lee ni‘
Ba trui
sr dna, 3li,
the governor of the castle, Mr. J. Foster, that he is justly
punished for the crime he has committed. As the evidence
adduced at the trial was for the most part circumstantial,
though of the very strongest character, there was a doubt
whether he really was the murderer, and therefore the con-
fession of the man will be received with satisfaction by the
publie.
vit'shiteeduhnyfotrhteunehateeplaroinane,f
twhee
cuanetdleer:satnadnd, he iesf fre-
quentlyyinees
an earnest desire to make his peace with the Kanighty.
The execution will, we believe, take Place at noon en Fri-
day, the 21st inst.