The Sun.
London, England, 1860-07-09 00:00:00

PURE SPRING WATER.

An interesting account of a spring of water, per-
fectly pure, has reached us ; it will be accessible
to our readers, as it seems to be generally. taken
for granted, by all photographers and scientific
men, that all spring water contains both saline
and gaseous impurities, and that rain water, which
is never pure, is the nearest approach to chemically
pure water. The following account shows that
there is at least one spring of which the water is
chemically pure, and will doubtless induce a search
for other springs of a similar nature. The spring
is situated at the head of a small ravine, where a
stratum of fifty or sixty feet of fine gravel
and sand rests upon a stratum of slate rock
of still greater thickness, and which is imper-
vious to water. The water of the spring
filters through the gravel and sand till it
reaches the rock, where it is forced
to take a horizontal direction, and gushes
out from between the two strata in a never-failing
stream, which, after resting for a moment in. a
tvi n
small basin, takes a leap of about five-and-
reo el'
feet over the perpendicular face of the slate
The
water taken from below the fall is alfarYed litmus
into another basin at the foot of the ft
cally pure ; when tested with bluee
colour
and
of either.
paper, it produces no change in
ofailver not the
When mixed with solution
of
nitratenor, after standing for
hchemi-
any precipitate.
some ' time, does it deposit
reaction takes place. A por-
With baryta salts no
colouredwith
sulphindi-
slightest change takes
tion of the water faintly
acid and boiled did not change colour, which
gotic
done had nitric acid been it would have present ;
and lastly, when five gallons of the water were
did not
evaporated, they
.leave any solid residue
whatever. Carbonic acid was tested for and
found absent. Many photographers go to great
expense and trouble to obtain distilled water.
This, in some cases, is, we think unneces-
sary, for if they were to be at the trouble
to test the river and spring water in
their immediate neighbourhoods, they would
frequently, especially if they lived in mountainous
place,
regions, find it sufficiently pure for their purpose,
although it is not probable that they would often
find a spring so pure as this one.—The Photo-
graphic News.

STATISTICS OF PAUPERISM.—The number of per-
sons receiving parish relief in England is often supposed to
be larger than it really is. It is less now than it was a year
ago, and it wsB then but about 4.20 per cent. of the popula-
tion—that is to say, one in every 24 persons (of men, women,
.
and children) was a pauper. In the summer the number is
seldom now much above 800,000 ; in the winter it
i'L r !
'noir:lief there are
or 40,000 more. In every 100 paupers there are
men, 44 women, and 36 children under 16,
iinndnoourmpbeaurspe.
amonga the
bnnteay u
rsAmtheoningenthano
dsewwomhoenrecaree
r :melt 40,000 of them
300,000 children under 16, but (I,oooare under instruc-
among the indoor paupers. NearlY to or district ocliools,
tion in workhouse schools orihsePara

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Gold
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Send 2 stamps for Benson's Illustrated Pamphlet, descrlp-
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TifEATRE_RoYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnekstone.
THIS EVENING the performances will eornmenee with
THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs=C. Mathews, Buck-
stone, Compton, Chippendale, Rog, s. C. Mathews, Miss
Weekes, and Mrs. Wilkins.
After which, the new farce, entitled FITZSMYTHE OF
FITZSMYTHE HALL. Messrs. Buckstone, W. Farren, and
Rogers ; Mrs. Wilkins and Miss Henrade.
To conclude with THE ODDITIES OF THE OHIO. By
the Lecleregs•

Commence at 7.

---------
ROYAL P ItINCE S S'S THEATRE.-
11, Lessee. Mr. A. Harris.
THIS EVENDTG, will be performed RICHELIEU.
Mr. Phelps.
To conclude with BOWLED OUT.
Commence at 7.

ADELPHT, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL.
Sole rroprietor and Manager, Mr. Benj. Webster.
Reproduction of the powerful Adelphi drama, "The Flowers

If he make open war on it he wars against the
foundation of his own throne. If he do not, Eng-
land can by her moral support enable all Italy to
assert that right. Russia and Austria have quite
enough on their hands to be harmless. Prussia

cannot offend England without quaking for the
Rhine. Let but our Government do its duty, as it
has hitherto done, let it bid the Neapolitans and
the King of SARDINIA take counsel for themselyas
without fear, and all will yet be right.
As to the Neapolitans—to do them justice, they
do not seem yet to be cajoled. We hear of no
popular enthusiasm, indeed of no enthusiasm
at all. The tricoloured Italian flag floats
on St. Elmo's, but the Neapolitans groan rather
at the guns which point from the fort on the eity,
and do not cheer the flag which waves over them.
The promise of the suppressed Constitution of 1848
even, is received with indifference. We can, indeed,
hardly imagine our fellow creatures so very simple
as to be " gulled" with such offers from a Bourbon,
and from such a Bourbon, as this young REHO.
BOAM. The man who accepted all his father's
worst acts—who took his seat on the throne itself
illegally; who now offers to reverse the Constitution
which, till GARIBALDI was at hand, he illegally
kept in the abeyance in which his father
placed it—who remitted no unjust punishments,
checked no atrocities, and consummated all by the
murderous bombardment of Palermo—it seems im-
possible that any Liberals in the Neapolitan do-
minions can tolerate the longer rule of such a youth-
ful monster. Every man who aids him in promoting
constitutional liberty is perfectly sure of a fate like
POBRIO'S as soon as he is in a position to make
martyrs of those who trusted him. England has
but one simple and obviously just demand to make.
She only says—let the Italians settle their own
affairs—and for ourselves, we would rather our
ships should give the French ones in the Mediter-
ranean the benefit of their broadsides than allow
the EMPEROR to intimidate the patriots in Southern
Italy, and in the free kingdom in the North. If we
do not interfere, neither let him ; it must not be,
come what will.

One of Mr. HORSMAN'S arguments on Friday to
prove that since 1832 the power of the House of
Lords had increased, was increasing, and ought to
be increased, till it was the supreme power in the
State—was that it represented the nation better
than the Commons did. Mr. WYLD will surely,
therefore, appeal to him for support to-morrow
night. Lord JOHN, in vain attempted to bring the
House of Commons nearer to the representative
perfection ascribed by Mr. HORSMAN to the Lords
—and Mr. HORSMAN was not amongst the least
bitter of his assailants; inconsistent this, appa-
rently. Be that as it may, Mr. WYLD will
modestly aim at perfecting representation in one
point only—he will move for leave to bring in a
bill to amend the mode of taking votes at elections.
Mr. WYLD has not indicated in any way what
his bill will be. He has been an earnest supporter
of the ballot, faithful to it when old friends quaked
and quailed. We cannot believe that he can
really purpose any minor paltry alterations of the
mode of recording the votes on the present system
—that must be useless ; we never even heard of any
possible modification. The only one conceivable is
the non-publishing of the numbers till after the
poll, to prevent the last day and last hour's bribery.
Yet this is impossible, under open polling. Voting
papers are proved to be liable to all the worst '
evils of a poll-book. They might, indeed, be
signed, filled up, and delivered at the time of
voting, and not counted till afterwards; it
being made compulsory that the mode of doing it
should ensure secrecy till the polling was over.
This would be difficult, perhaps impracticable, but
if attainable would no doubt prevent the bribery of
the last few hours.

We know not, however, of any means of amend-
ing taking the votes at elections but one—the one
we have so long and earnestly advocated.
We have glanced over the report of the com-
mittee sn the Corrupt Practices Act, and may
notice some things in it ere long ; but we
observed no suggestions there which touched on this
important point. Indeed the Report seems to us
to be like all which proceed from the same source,
one most proper to precede the introduction of a
6' Bribery and undue influence promotion Act."
We venture then to hope that Mr. WYLD intends
to propose in some form the only amendment of the
mode of taking votes which is possible, and at the
same time the amendment which would supersede
the necessity for the solemn mockery of a long Act
against bribery and corruption. Ingenuity, equivo-
cation, lying, perjury; candidates' ignorance of how
their thousands are spent, and electors prudent
reticence on the subject, will always defeat any
bills by which Whigs and Tories may make a show
of electoral purity. We have said defeat ; we beg
to correct ourselves—they will defeat only the
seeming object of such bills—they will carry out
their real intention.

Often as the hopes of Poland have been revived
before now, can it be wondered at that the aspira-
tions of her heroic sons have been yet once more
rekindled now that one of the three great Robber-
Powers, by whom she was despoiled, is itself.in
course of rapid disruption and dissolution ? If the
Prussian Monarchy is still not merely intact, but
actually advancing towards the realization of its
grand ambition, that of assuming supremacy
over the whole Germanic Confederation—if the
Russian Autocracy is strengthening and multiply-
ing its own vital energies by conceding the price-
less boon of emancipation to 55,000,000 serfs out
of the aggregate of the 60,000,000 of its population

—the empire of Austria is fast crumbling to pieces,
its boasted armies are (whenever there is an oppor-
tunity) completely and ignominiously diicomfitted,
one of its fairest provinces has been torn from it
violently and handed over by the conqueror as a
gift to a neighbouring sovereignty, the Austrian
prestige is dying out, if it be not already expired,
the Austrian exchequer is in a state of absolute and
irretrievable bankruptcy. Beyond all which--is
there not the still remaining Austro-Italian pro-
vince of Venetia waiting eagerly for the signal
(in its turn) of Revolution ? Is not Hun-
gary gathering up its energies anew for
the hour when KOSSUTH and his compatriots are
again, and for the last time, to ring the tocsin of
revolt to 10,000,000 Hungarians ? Ara not the
Bohemians and the Tyrolese, and divers other die

tinct nationalities making up by their incongruous
agglomeration the anomalous whole of what is
called by way of distinctive title the Austrian Em-
pire—are not these also tarrying "like greyhounds
in the slip"—each eagerly on the alert for the ine-
vitable day of liberation ? At such a juncture as this
in the history of one of the three great spoliators
of Poland, can any reasonable man wonder, we ask
again, that the Poles should have their aspirations re-
vived and their hopes rekindled ? It is all the more
reasonable that it should be thus if we remember
ithe fact that while less than 100 years, while only
about 80 years in point of fact, have elapsed since
the date of Poland's first partition, her children
have a recollection that their glorious annals record
Imore than 1,000
years of independent Sovereignty!
It is not surprising,
therefore, under present