The Sun.
London, England, 1867-11-18 00:00:00

THE SCHOOL QUESTION IN AUSTRIA AND

BAVARIA.

In Bavaria, as well as in Austria, the large
majority of the governing classes—of those who
dominate in the Chambers, who fill the professorial
chairs at the universities, and who in the Press
dictate to Kings and Emperors the policy to be
pursued by the State—belongs to that vague Chris-
tianity which the Rev. Father Greuter lately de-
nounced in the Austrian Reichsrath as the religion
of the Masonic Lodge. These men, for the most
part, call themselves Catholics, and yet they look
upon the Holy See as a foreign power, deny the
binding force of the decrees of the Council of Trent,
and reject the authority of the bishops. Their aim
is to deprive the Church of all authority in the
government of the world, and to make men free
of religion. They go thoroughly to work and begin
their task at the beginning. They know the power
of Catholic and religious education —it is the
greatest obstacle in the way of their success ; hence
the efforts of the Liberal majorities in Austria and
Bavaria to introduce a Godless system of educa-
tion.

In Austria the attacks against the Concordat
have two special ends in view—the eventual in-
troduction of civil marriage and the separation of
the Church and the School. A few weeks ago we
published the chief points of the address of the
Austrian Episcopate to the Emperor, describing,
in bold and vigorous language, the inevitable evil
these two measures, so repugnant tothe principles
of Christianity, would inflict upon religion and
upon the Empire. They described the attacks
against the Concordat as " attacks directed against
religion and against the throne." The answer of
the Emperor to Cardinal Rauscher was the signal
for the triumphant renewal of these attacks. Both
these measures have been carried in the Reichsrath
by large majorities. The law on marriage, in its
first article, suppresses the marriage law of 1856,
and re-establishes, even for Catholics, the matri-
monial enactments of the civil code ; in its second
it introduces eventual civil marriage. What is
meant by eventual civil marriage is thus explained :
If the parish priest refuse, for reasons not recognized
by the State, to publish the banns, or to perform
the marriage, the marriage may, nevertheless, be
contracted before the competent civil authorities.
This law undoes the work of the Concordat in its
most important point the restoration to the
Church in Austria of ecclesiastical jurisdiction
in matrimonial matters.

The chief provisions of the law on education,
just carried also by a large majority, are as follows :
1. The direction and inspection of ;all matters
regarding instruction and education belong ex-
clusively to the State. This direction is conducted
by corporations, and by such as are appointed to
the office agreeably to the Constitution.

2. Notwithstanding this right of inspection, im-
mediate direction and surveillance of religious in-
struction for the different denominations belongs
to their respective Churches or religious societies.
The teaching of other subjects of study in the
schools is independent of the influence of every
Church or religious society. 3. Schools and educa-
tional establishments founded or supported entirely,
or in part, by the State, by the province, or by the
municipalities, are open to all citizens without dis-
tinction of religious denomination.
4. Every Ch urch or religious society is free to
found:and to support schools for the instruction of
youth belonging to recognized religions. Never-
theless, these schools are to be subject to the laws
regarding public instruction.
In passing these measures the Liberalism of the
Lower Reichsrath has committed Austria to a
downward course, the effect of which, on a people
in its middle and upper classes so indifferent to
the precepts of the Church, cannot but be disas-
trous in the extreme, both to faith and morals.
The bishops are fully alive to the danger, and
are acting with the greatest promptitude. After
endeavouring in vain to interpose between the Em-
peror and the ill advisers he is now bent on follow-
ing, the bishops, on returning to their respective
dioceses published Pastoral Letters, in which the
Catholics of Austria are warned of the dangers to
morality and faith threatened by the laws on mar-
riage and education, which only await the consent
of the Upper Chamber of the Reichsrath, and the
sanction of the Emperor to come into force. The
bishops call on all who value their faith to use
every means in their power, while there is yet
time, to ward off the impending calamities.
In the Lower Chamber a few zealous Catholics,
conspicuous among whom were Professor Jager
and Father Greuter, of Innsbruck, made a stout
opposition against these obnoxious laws ; and the
bishops will endeavour, in the Upper Chamber, to
rally the Catholic and Conservative spirit of the
empire. From the prevailing tendency towards
Liberalism in religion in the ruling classes, and
from the strangely combined vacillation and obsti-
nacy of the Emperor, there is but small chance,
however, of saving the Austrian Government from
adopting the irreligious policy now so common in
the Catholic States of Europe.
But, whatever course the Government pursue,
there is an end to that dead-and-alive system
which has hitherto characterized Catholicism in
Austria. A movement has begun in the waters
too long stagnant. The breath of life is passing
over them again. The meeting at Innsbruck, which
was reported in these columns a few weeks ago,
was the inauguration of a new system. No Catho-
lic meeting of such significance has taken place in
Europe for many years. It was animated by the
best spirit ; perfect unanimity prevailed ; there was
no attempt to soften or to understate Catholic prin-
ciples, to make them palatable to the Liberalism of
the day. On the contrary, the general meeting of
the Catholics of Germany gave its thorough adhe-
sion to the teaching of the Pope, in the expression
of which laymen like Herr Zander, the zealous
champion of the Papal authority in Bavaria, rivalled
even the outspokenness of the Jesuit Fat Greu-
teherr, the Professor of Theology at the Univer-
sity of Innsbruck. All compromise was denounced
as repugnant to the spirit of Catholicism, and espe-
cially on the question of education the utmost
unanimity prevailed as to the necessity of securing,
in the national and in the higher schools, an ex-
, elusively Catholic teaching.
The conflict between the Catholics of Austria—
, indeed, we may say of the whole of Germany—
: as represented in the genera meeting at InnsbrUck,
and the Liberals in the Reichsrath and in the Ba-
varian Parliament, is one of principle. Between

such antagonists no compromise is possible ; and
it is well for Catholic Germany that this essential
difference should be more and more fully recog-
nized and insisted upon. The episcopate, by its
valiant resistance to the attempts of Austrian
Liberalism to commit the empire to a public de-
nial of the rights of religion, has done much--
though much still remains to be done—to awaken
the Catholics of Austria to a sense of their danger.
The bishops of Bavaria are equally alive to
the movement which is going on throughout Ger"
many to wrest education in the national schools
from the hands of the Church, and to establish,
among high and low, a vast system of Godless
education. The watchword of Liberalism is in-
dependence of science from the control of faith,
separation of the School from the Church. The
Bavarian Church no longer deserves the appella-
tion of Ecclesia dornziers which had been bestowed
upon it ; for the silent endurance which so long
put up with the encroachments of the wretched
Bavarian Government on the rights of religion is
gradually giving way under the despotic action
of the Minister of Public Worship. Diocese after
diocese is rousing itself in defence of the national
schools, which, . by the new law on education
enacted by the Bavarian Chambers, are to be
deprived of their Catholic character. At the late
meeting of the bishops of Germany at Fulda, the
Bavarian Episcopate presented a united protest to
the Government against this iniquitous measure.
The Bavarian Government, with even more than
its wonted audacity, declined to receive the address
of the bishops on the score that they had no right
to present a petition. Throughout the kingdom
great agitation prevails, and from almost every
parish petitions are sent into the King against
the new law on education. Herr Zander, whose
able exposition of the state of Catholicism in
Bavaria, at the Congress of Innsbriick, we gave
at some length in these columns, is most energetic
in this movement, and by the aid of his Volksbote,
a popular paper of very wide circulation, is rousing
public feeling to the danger which the faith of
the people is exposed to from this new attempt
of Bavarian Liberalism.

The clergy of the diocese of Wiirzburg are ex-
ceedingly active. The following seven points from
the address of the clergy of the district of Kitzingen
to the Bishop of Wiirzburg place in a clear and
distinct light the question at issue between the
Church and the Government :

I. The national school has always been an arm of
the Christian Church ; it belongs, as an essential
member, to the organism of the Church. The
idea, or the attempt to exclude the Church from
the School, can only arise from an anti-religious
disposition, aiming intentionally at the destruction
of the faith of the people. To assume that the
Church will renounce its influence over the schools
of the nation, is to demand from it an act of high
treason against its Lord and Master, as well as a
suicidal act.

11. The Church has a threefold right over the
school. First, a derivative right from its relation
to ,the Christian family ; for parents and families
entrust their children to the school simply on the
faith of its being under the influence of the spirit
of Catholic Christianity. The Church is entitled
as well as bound to fulfil this mission. Secondly,
a positive right. By baptism children are incor-
porated in the Church. On the day of their re-
ception in the public school, the mission entrusted
by God to the Church begins. Thirdly, an histo-
rical right ; for, according to its origin, the school
is the daughter of the Church. The school, for
the most part, is endowed by the Church, and has
become under its influence the great civilizing
agent of Christianity. By the appointment of
ecclesiastics, as local and district school inspectors,
the Bavarian Government, up to the present time,
has recognized this historical right.
111. While gladly acknowledging, on the one
hand, that the State has a claim to co-operate in
the government of the National Schools in which
its future citizens are formed ; on the other hand,
State monopoly of education is denied. By the
appointment of ecclesiastical local and district
school inspectors, capable, as educated men, of the
proper management of the school, the common
interest of the State and the Church in the well-
being of the school is alike consulted. Hence it
is incumbent that the institution of local school in-
spectors should be maintained.
IV. If, in the course of legislation, the insti-

tution of local school inspectors be abrogated,
there can be no doubt that it will cause great in-
dignation on the part of a Christian people
which demands a Christian school, and the clergy
on their side will never and in no way can consent
to take part in a local school board. The State pos-
sesses no right by which it can compel the clergy
to become members of such a board.
V. The denominational character of the schools
is, under all circumstances, to be upheld. The
community has a right that teachers of its re-
ligious denomination should be appointed, because,
by the establishment of secular schools, the door
is opened to religious indifferentism, and a death-
blow is given to the freedom of conscience guar-
anteed to every citizen.

VI. But should, contrary to expectation, the
proposed law on education come into force, then
the clergy demand freedom of instruction, and
especially the right to found parish schools of
their own ; and further, that the money now
drawn from local Ecclesiastical endowments for the
payment of schoolmasters should be bestowed on
the Church for the same purpose.
VII. The institution of district inspectors is de-
clared to be impracticable, because the inspection
of 180 schools by one inspector precludes the pos-
sibility of a proper surveillance over individual
schools. And this plan, moreover, cannot be
accepted, because the creation of district [inspec-
tors has no:other motive than gradually to exclude
the clergy from the national schools, and to un-
Christianize education.
From this memorial of the Bavarian clergy, it
is evident that irreligious Liberalism in Bavaria,
as in Austria and elsewhere, has concentrated its
strength in an attack upon Christian education.
After having too well succeeded in separating the
State from the Church, to the demoralization of
the political life of nations, it now seeks, by separ-

ating the school from the Church, to undermine
individual faith, and to rob the young by times of
their best inheritance. By such means it hopes
to make good its boast that the future belongs to
the Revolution.— Westminster Gazette.

Mscellaneous News.

(From the Anglo-American Times.)

Mr. Vanderbilt has challenged Mr. Bonner to
trot his horse, Mountain Boy, against the latter's horse,
Dexter, for which Mr. Bonner gave $50,000. Dexter has
trotted a mile in 2 min. 17f sec., Mountain Boy in 2 min.
18 sec. ; yet Mr. Vanderbilt alleges the superiority of his
horse to Mr. Bonner's, which the latter denies, though he
refuses the challenge.
- - --• • •

Mr. Stanley, -an hotel proprietor in Virginia,
Nevada, was murdered by a customer named Caldwell,
who in a quarrel stabbed Stanley with a bowie knife. The
citizens of Virginia took the law into their hands, lynched
Caldwell, and burned his house.

Colonel H. B. Tyler, Dr. Garrett, and Dr. Cor-
nelius Boyle have instituted suits beforo the Court of
Claims, 'Washington, for the restoration of their property
confiscated and sold during the war.

Mr. Dickens embarked last Saturday morning,
at eight o'clock, in the Canard steamer Cuba, commanded
by Captain Stone. She is expected to reach Boston under
ten days, and the great author will remain in America
until next May. _ _

His Excellency Lord Lyons, G.C.8., presented
his lettres de creances to his Majesty the Emperor of the
French at two o'clock last Saturday, at the Palace of the
Tuileries, Paris.

Frank Leslie says that Admiral Farragut's name
is Spanish, and that a Sonor Don Joso Farragut, a native
of Valencia, in Spain, was a naval commander in the
Spanish service, and engaged in the operations before
Carthegena in the early part of the last century.
Governor Brownlow was elected by a majority
of 21 as Senator for Congress. He has succeeded in
attaining to this dignity and a world-wide fame, like Gene-
ral Butler, by the strength and courage with which he has
adhered to the Union cause, which he took up from con-
viction, and for which he was prepared to make any
sacrifice. Fortunately for him his was the winning side,
and instead of finding himself adorning a gibbet, as would
iu all probability have boon the fat® to his UGH-

sive zeal would have carried him in defeat, he will be
placed on a stage where he will have rare opportunities of
exhibiting himself before the world. We trust this fact
may have an influence in restraining his wild vagaries, and
that he will not bring ridicule and contempt on the august
assembly of which he is now a member.
On the 30th October Mr. Bradley's case was
brought before the Supreme Court in Washington, and he
was desired to show cause why he should not be punished
for contempt, and suspended from practice until the case
was disposed of. It will be remembered that he was S ur-
ratt's counsel, and while conducting the defence was be-
trayed into gross insolence to Judge Fisher.
A correspondence between Lord Russell and his
son, Lord Amberlcy, which appeared in the Nottingham
Journal, is pronounced a hoax. It was reproduced in
America. Lord Amborley describes two interviews with
the President, but his lordship had not visited Watling-
ton, or ever seen the President.
The Governor of Borneo is represented to be an
American, named Torrey, from Roxbury, Ms ;sachusetts,
and at Washington, where he is at present. He paid Gen.
Grant a visit.
Mr. Henry Latham has written " Black and
White : a Three Months' Tour in the United States."
The Dental Cosmos is the title of a new magazine
devoted to the interests of the dental profession, and pub-
lished at Philadelphia by S. S. White.
The New fork Citizen remarks :—" We have
now the Irish Citizen and the New York Citizen of this
State; the Coloured Citizen of Ohio, the American Citizen of
Missouri, a German Citizen in Michigan, a British Citizen in
Canada, a Southern Citizen in Georgia. Now suppose, edi-
torial brothers! we call a mass caucus together of all these
Citizen journals and settle upon some terms for a renewed
"solidarity of the peoples!" Let us every one become
forthwith a revived Anacharsis Clootz, " with all the
modern improvements."
Mr. Spurgeon has published the following re-
marks in his magazine, called "The Sword and Trowel:"
—"I have spent two months in ill-health, and much of
the time in severe pain, but, by the good hand of God
upon me, lam now much better, and hope to resume my
home work very speedily. I have resolved, for twelve
months at least, to refuse almost all work away frum home,
and I now earnestly beg friends not to distress me with
importunate requests to preach here, there, and every -
where. For years I have preached from eight to ten times
a week, besides issuing the weekly sermon, editing the
magazine, overseeing the church, superintending the col-
lege, directing the orphanage, founding new churches,
attending committees, and a thousand other things; but
many signs indicate that there must bo a pause. lam not
less willing, but I am far less able than I was, to serve the
Church by preaching."
An Art Journal has just been published at
Chicago, which is spoken of in high terms of praise.
Blackwood, in an article in this month's numberon
" The Impending Crisis in America," names the candidates
for the Presidency as follows :—" First, the actual occu-
pant of the Presidential chair ; second, General Grant ;
third, Mr. Salmon P. Chase ; fourth, General B. F. But-
ler; fifth, Mr. Stanton, late Secretary of War; and, sixth,
Mr. Thaddeus Stevens." General Fremont, Mr. Seward,
and General M'Clellan are "dead cocks in the pit" ac-
cording to old Ebony, but there are others who may declare
themselves, before the thick of the battle begins. Among
these aro placed "Sherman—the best and noblest of the
generals, Sheridan, Meade, Dix, and Banks ;" of civilians,
"Mr. B. Wade, President of the Senate, Senator Sumner,
Mr. Speaker Colfax, Mr. Pendleton of Ohio, and Mr, C. F.
Adams, now Minister at the Court of St. James's." The
last-mentioned is a man peculiarly acceptable to the Re-
publicans. He is the son and grandson of Presidents, and,
having been out of the way for seven years, has probably
made fewer enemies than any of his possible competitors."
The writer goes on to show that the battle will, in all
probability, be fought between President Johnson and Mr.
Chase—the former representing State rights, the old
Constitution, fellowship with the South, and a thorough
restoration of the Union ; the other representing the Re-
volution that grew out of the war, a new Constitution to
replace the old, the strong hand of military power to
overawe dissentients, and the consolidation of the States
into one great nationality. The way in which General
Grant is pushed aside by Black-wood appears to us
ridiculous. No doubt changes are startling and rapid
in the Union, but were the elections now to be made no
one could doubt Grant's success. Tho writer is, we sup-
pose of opinion, that Mr. Johnson will bo re-elected, or
rather re-seated, in the chair for another four years, and
General M'Clellan is spoken of as " a dead cock in the
pit." At this moment General M'Clellan is assuredly
the most likely man of his party ; indeed the only man
who has a chance, according to present appearances, but
they are very few who hoist Mr. Johnson's ticket. Black-
wood holds that the fatal opposition to Graut will come
from the extreme Radicals at the head of the negro party,
and quotes the speeches of negro orators in support of the
assertion from the Detroit Press and the New York Tribune.
We had no idea that Chief Justice Chase had Conserva-
tive tendencies till we read the character given to hint by
this Conservative magazine, and then we understood the
declaration which has created so much surprise in America
of his Conservative principles. Blackwood begins by
saying he is " by far the ablest and most sagacious man in
the ranks of the Republican party, a sound lawyer, a
dignified Judge, a consistent and unmercenary
and a man who in any country in Europe would take rank
with the highest order of statesmen. Unlike Mr. Johnson
and Mr. Lincoln, the Chief Justice of the Supremo Court
is both a scholar and a gentleman, and has the manners
and bearing that are the reflex of a cultivated mind." We
not only like this character, but fully endorse it, and
whether the great lawyer be successful or not in attaining
to the highest dignity his country offers, he will have the
satisfaction of carrying with him the respect and confidence
of his political opponents as well as of his friends. Black-
wood gives much the same accouut of his political career
as that given in the Cincinnati Commercial; indeed, so
close as to incline to the belief that the article was sent
in manuscript to the magazine as well as to the New York
Tribune.

We believe that Mr. Chase stands well for nom
nation in spite of the defeat in Ohio, but it is very wide o
the mark to say, as Blackwood does, that " he stands the
best chance." Of course Ben Butler is here brought in as
a fine effect for a strong contrast "of unenviable noto-
riety, whose name is synonymous over the whole South, and
a large portion of the North, with all that is hateful and
unmanly, Sze." Thaddeus Stevens is too old and ill, and
Frederick Douglas, whose name on the same ticket for
Vice-President some consider strong, is a negro, and
for that reason cannot, Blackwood thinks, be seriously
entertained by any rational person. After discussing
the candidates, the writer touches on the great poli-
tical and social questions now agitating the minds
of Americans, and finds "that the line of demarcation
between the Democrats and the Republicans, or, as they
may be called, Conservatives and Revolutionists, is no longer
clear and well defined." The Times defined the Revolu-
tionists clearly enough last week, as built on Protection,
but probably old Ebony, who cannot change his principles
with the same facility as the daily journal, scarcely liked
coupling Revolutionists with Protection. There was a
time men not yet old remember when Blackwood led the
periodical press on Protection against Free Trade, and the
Times the newspaper press. Now, the Times defines the
Radicals of America as the Protection party, and Blackwood
says it may more properly be called Revolutionist. It is won-
derful to see how time swings us round the circle. We
are all spilling round, only some go quicker than others,
and the slower point the finger of scorn at the faster,
whom they see on the opposite side, as the turncoats
who had left their ranks. The questions are—" the
negro vote, the high protective tariff, the repudia-
tion of the debt, and the continued subjection of the
South to military despotism." The Hon. D. A. Wells,
we had thought, lately gave Blackwood a lesson on Ame-
rican finance, but Ebony is hard to impress. Out come the
figures without any regard to accuracy. Influential men
of all parties are described as "strenuously approving the
liquidation of the Five-twenty Bonds by the issue of
500,000,000 of paper dollars !" The Secretary of the Trea-
sury would indeed be a magician if he could do that, con-
sidering that the first issue exceeded the sum, and since
then the debt is being consolidated into that stock. Had
the writer looked on the face of one of the bonds, or at the
quotations in any price list, he would have seen that the
right to call in the whole issue of 1862 is now with the
Government, not, as represented by Blackwood, "a time
shortly to expire," but one over due. There are several
other inaccuracies in this article : for instance, lowa is
given for Ohio.
The Round Table says :—" Blackwood's article on
American slang turns out to be no such damaging exposi-
tion as, in consideration of its source, we had anticipated.
Some of the most disagreeable of the words which are
generally termed Americanisms—e. g., bender, muss, rile,
and riley, slick (let it), slide, silver, splurge, stent, or stint, &c.
—together with some, like platform (party principles) and
sag, which are not generally known to be peculiar to this
country, and others attributed to us, but of which we never
heard—to wit, meech or mich (to skulk), and mung
false, confused, akin to mingle, and therefore from
pilanqu)—are traced to the most illustrious English
writers, and are therefore pronounced by Blackwood' worthy
of the favour of Englishwrlters and speakers!' Then of course
comes the detestable newspaper English in vogue among
reporters, in rustic journals, and in sheets which, like the
Herald and the Tribune, are coarse from deliberate policy.
Of these are orate, donate, approbate, balance, to be on hand,
to be posted and to post up, was acquit, quit the room, pled
orplead guilty, wed (weeded), the garden, was illy prepared,
to send a declension (to decline), a human (a man), retiracy,
to get item (news), of the female persuasion, to be a caution,
cuss critter. Now, those word are represented as of common
occurrence ' in every ne.yvspaper,' and while it is conceded
of the last two that they are ' considered vulgar even in the
land of their origin,' but ' are daily coming into more
extended use,' the impression made upon any uninformed
reader can only be that all these and many like them form
part of the dialect which prevails in America. Many of
these terms we have quoted will, we fancy, now be seen
by no small part of our readers for the first time, while the
use of any one of them would, as a general thing, be quite
t final as to the estimate ih which We should hold the

}, .......

speaker. So it is rather hard to attribute to us boss,
word employed twenty times by our British population
for every once that it comes from the mouth of an
American. The injustice is still more pronounced when,
in accounting for the numerous words descriptive of roughs
—rowdy, it seems, is an Americanism —we read that in
America persons of this turbulent class form a large
percentage of the youth of the labouring and commer-
cial population.' The case is precisely that which,
by newspaper report, was recently stated at a London din-
ner-table, whore Mr. Hepworth Dixon's New America'
accounts of Mormonism and Spiritualism were adduced in
evidence of American social phenomena ; whereupon Dr. J.
P. Thompson, of New York, replied with perfect accuracy,
to the discomfiture of the critics, that' Utah is a sort of
Botany Bay of Christian Europa, and that Mormonism
lives by immigration from England.' It is bad enough to
have our free schools swampl,l, our gaols and almshouses
and hospitals filled, and our streets occasionally taken
possession of by mobs—all thanks to England ; but when
she deliberately proceeds to judge us for the prevalence of
an ignorance chiefly of her own creation, it is something
altogether beyond a joke.

" Miss Caroline Underhill, who has already pub-
lished a collection of po3ms which were favourably re-
ceived, purposes publishing a volume of poetry.
" Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie, whose reminiscences
of literary men and subjects are more interesting than
perhaps those of any one else in the country, is collecting
for the press a volume of his miscellaneous writings.

" Mr. R. 11. Stoddard will soon publish, through
Messrs. G. W. Carleton and Co., a novel of Now England

" Mr. George William Curtis is reported, with
what truth we do not know, to be writing a novel.
" The Rev. Robert Collyer, of Chicago, is said
to be similarly employed.

" Mr. George Catlin will soon give us My Last
Rambles amongst the Indians of the Rocky Mountains and
the Andes.'

" Mr. P. Fishe Reed's volume of poems, to be
published during the fall, will be entitled ' Voices of the
Wind, and other Poems.' "

Marshall, so well known by his line-engraved
portraits of Washington and Lincoln, has nearly com-
pleted his plate of General Grant, on which he has been
engaged throughout the summer. The engraving is after
a life-size portrait painted by Mr. Marshall himself —a
strong likeness, painted with mellow colour and iu a broad
style. The same artist has in his studio, which is the one
in the Waverley Building so long occupied by M. Lang,
several portraits in a more or less advanced stage of pro-
gress.

Mr. F. Buebser, who has devoted himself to
studies of negro life and character, is now exhibiting a
painting in this style at Schauss's, New York.

William Hart is busily engaged upon a series of
brilliant water-colour drawings illustrative of scenery in
ine. Some of these drawings will be on view at the
exhibition of works in water-colour which will be opened
early in November.

Among the pictures exhibited at 845, Broadway,
in aid of the Southern Relief Fund is a charming view
near Newport, Rhode Island, by J. F. Kensett, which is
highly spoken of.

The Albion says—" It seems probable that a very
great boon will shortly be conferred upon sailors. It has
recently been proved that the buoys at the entrance to 5
harbour can be lighted from the shore by means of elec-
tricity, but it still remains to be determined whether this
light can be constantly maintained in stormy weather. If
it should prove that it is so, the:new discovery will be
at once put into practice. For lack of guiding marks
many a noble ship has struck on a pier head on a stormy
night, or gone on the rocks a hundred yards from a harbour
mouth, and many a brave sailor has perished within the
reach of safety. If the guiding buoys were lighted the
risk in stormy weather would be greatly diminished, and
in a calm a channel would be as navigable as at noonday.
George Wilkins Kendall died at his residence in
Texas, October 21, in the 57th year of his age. He had
just returned from Europe, when he was seized with the
fever which has raged so destructively, and ended a useful
and successful career. He was born in New Hampshire /
and commenced life as a type-setter in New York in 1833.
Having won $1,500 at faro, he foreswore gambling, and
proceeding to New Orleans established, in 1835, the
Picayune, by the success of which he acquired a fortune.
His newspaper obtained a wide circulation throughout the
United States, and was noted for the admirable way la
which it was edited. He invested largely in Texas, and
has left in that State a vast landed property. He was cap-
tured by the Mexicans in an expedition from Austin to
Santa Fe, by whom he was cruelly ill-used. A narrative
of the Santa Fe expedition was written by him on his N-
I lease, a work of great historical interest. In 18G1 lle
joined the Federal army. Mr. Kendall had of late years
devoted himself to the cultivation of his estates, and the
paper had been conducted by his partner, Mr. C.
M. Hol-
brook, who will continue its publication.
On the 30th October ex-Governor Andrew., Of
Mas3achusetts, died suddenly of apoplexy at Boston. 118
was a native of Maine, and was 50 years of age. On the
avoniug preceding his death, he was conversing with a
friend in his residence, in Charles-street, his family being
present, when premonitory symptoms appeared, and he
requested his family to leave the room, which they did,
supposing ho had private business to transact. He then
asked his friend to call in Dr. Derby, who, with Dr. Bige-
low and Cobet, were in attendance ; but he remained un-
conscious front the time of the attack until hisjdeath.
The London Times, under the heading "Treason
never Prospers," says :—" There is no doubt that Head
Centre Stephens is in Paris, and in anything but
flourishing condition. The officer from Scotland-yard
who holds the warrant for his apprehension, during a three
weeks' stay at the Exhibition, frequently mot Stephens at
a table d'hote, and conversed with him, each man knowing
to whom ho was talking. Stephens alluded to a statement
which had gone the round of the English papers, winch
set forth that he bad ' feathered his nest' out of the
Fenian funds with which he had been entrusted. Wrong
entirely,' Stephens said. I hav'n't a cent -am indebted to
a friend for what I shall pay for this meal, who has also
advanced me as much cash as will pay for advertising
for employment as a teacher of English." The officer
took the trouble to inquire into the truth of what,
Stephens told him, and in doing so discovered that he bag
been turned out of two lodgings for want of money to pal
his way."
The Hon. D. A. Wells is in Washington, and in
his report, about to be issued, radical changes will be ;re"
commended in the bureau of Internal Revenue, which he
will advise to bo separated front the Treasury, and he Will
embody in writing what he stated in his late speech on the

appointment of officials.
The O'Donoghue, although disapproving °f
Garibaldi's hostility to the Pope, considers that the 1041
Reform League ought not to question the right of the
English League to retain him as a vice-president.
Abraham Bishop Smith, representing hims elf ftg
the son of a New York merchant, has been charged st
Leamington with stealing two gold watches and a gild
chain.

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