The Sun.
London, England, 1858-07-05 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

The troop-ship Eastern Monarch, 1,849 tens,
Commander H. Morris, which has been taken
uP by the Hon. East India Company for the con-
veyance of reinforcements to India, has arrived at
Gravesend, where she has been inspected by the
Commandant and the officers of the staff at Chat-
ham garrison. She will embark her troops to-
morrow morning. The following is the amended
detail of the troops who proceed to Kurrachee in
the Eastern Monarch—viz., 40 men of the 7th
Royal Fusiliers ' • 280 men of the 52d Light In-
fantry ; Captain Charles A. P. James, Ensign A.
W. Crozier, and 72 men of the 70th Regiment ; 12
men of the 81st Regiment ; Ensign Ramsay Steuart
and 80 men of all ranks of the 94th Regiment—
total, three officers and 484 non-commissioned
officers and men from the battalions of infantry at
Chatham.
The Blenheim freight-ship embarked 'at Spithead
on Saturday the following troops fur India :—En-
sign Barker, 2 sergeants, 2 drummers, and 138
r ank and file of the Ist Battalion of the 60th (Royal
Rifle) Regiment ; Major G. H. Bligh, Captain
Hales, and 30 rank and file of the 2d Battalion
ditto. She weighed anchor at 6.30 p.m. for Cal-
cutta, with a fine breez3 N.E.
• The authorities at the War Department having
decided, with the concurrence of the Secretary of
State for War to make a considerable augmenta-
tion in. theßoyal Engineers, by the addition of
four more companies, two of the companies have
been already formed at the
head-quarters of the
corps, Brorapton-barracks, Chatham. Each com-
pany numbers 116 non-commissioned officers and
men, and has been formed chiefly from the troops
who have recently joined that corps ; the two new
companies are numbered the 33d and 34th. As
soon as the two remaining companies have been
formed the strength of the Royal Engineers will
be raised to nearly 5,000 men. The four addi-

tional companies are to be kept for, home service,
and will supply the place of those which have re-
coltly prr;ceeded to India.

THE NEW ARMY WARRANT.

The Royal Commission appointed to revise the
Army Warrant of 1854 has made its report, and the
new warrant, embodying its recommendations, may
be expected in the course of the ensuing week. In
all probability the principal changes likely to take
place will be found to be as follows :-1. The in-
crease of the fixed establishment of general officers
from 234, the number settled by the commission of
1854, to 250. 2. The replacement in their proper
position of those colonels whose promotion to
the rank of major-general was stopped by the
advancement of officers junior to them for dis-
tinguished services in the field. These latter
officers will continue to enjoy all the pay and
privileges of their promotion, but will not be
counted on the fixed establishment of generals until
the time at which they would have come in upon
it in the ordinary course by seniority. All future
promotions for distinguished service to be made in
the same way so that those who gain their promo-
tion shall not do so to the exclusion of other officers.
3. The abolition of the rank of lieutenant-colonel,
the restoration to their old position of those
lieutenant-colonels who have been pasFied over by
the warrant of 1854, and the advancement of all
existing lieutenant-colonels to the rank of colonel.
There will also probably be some change as regards
the position of colonels who may be given the corn-
mand of brigades, the effect of which will be the
creation of the rank of brigadier-general. The im-
mediate consequence of this warrant will be the
promotion of 26 colonels to the rank of major-
general, viz.-16 to provide for the increase of the
establishment from 234 to 250, and 10 who have
been hitherto kept back by the promotion for dis-
tinguished service of Major-Generals Airey, Rose,
Scarlett, Buller, Eyre, Windham, Havelock, Inglis,
Hope, Grant, and Mansfield. The senior colonels
down to Colonel I. R. Young, half-pay, sth Foot,
will thus attain the rank of Major-Generals, and
their promotilus will leave vacant the offices of in-
specting field-officer of the London and Dublin
recruiting districts, and the lieutenant-colonelcies
of the Coldstream Guards, 87th, 10th, 99th, and
83d Regiments.—Morning paper.

DR. LIVINGSTONE AT TEE CAPE.

o-- -

The Cape papers which came to hand on Satur-
day contain full reports of the farewell dinner at
Cape Town, to Dr. Livingstone and the officers of
the Zambesi expedition. The Hon. W. Porter,
attorney-general, presided ; and Captain J. M.
Hill, civil commissioner and resident magistrate of
the Cape district, occupied the vice-chair. On the
right of the chairman sat his Excellency the Go-
vernor, Capt. Beddingfield, Mr. Justice Cloete,
Rev. R. Moffatt, Rev. Dean Douglas, T. Baine,
Esq. ; and on his left were Dr. Livingstone, Jus-
tice Bell, R. Thornt en, Esq., Hon. H. Rivers, and
the Rev. Mr. Livingstone.
The toast to Dr. Livingstone was proposed by
his .I±;.i.:eilenQy.
Dr. Livingstone, in acknowledging the
said :—lf you will allow me, I will explain to you
how I mean to endeavour to follow up the disco-
veries which have been made. The central part of
the continent we now stand upon was supposed for
a long time to be a great sandy plain. Certain
rivers wore known to be flowing in towards the
centre, but they were not known further, and they
were supposed in consequence to become lost. But
instead of that, the grand view burst gradually on
my mind of a very fine well-watered country ; and
not only that, but of certain well-watered healthy
localities on both sides of the country which were
suitable for a European residence. Efforts have
been made for centuries to get into the interior of
Africa ; but, unfortunately, it has been always
attempted through the unhealthy parts near the
coast. On the southern part of the country, we
had the Kalihari desert, and the expedition which
was sent out from Cape Town under Dr. Smith
was prevented from penetrating the interior by
this same Kalihari district. The unhealthy coasts
presented a barrier on both sides ; and this desert
presented an obstacle on the south : but when Messrs.
Oswald, Murray, and myself succeeded in passing
round that desert, then we came into a new and
well-watered country beyond. When I passed into
that country, I had not the smallest idea that there
was such a want of cotton as I found to be the case
when I went home to England. But there I saw
the cotton growing wild and almost everywhere,
and that sugar was collected all over the country
(although the people did not know that it could be
produced from the sugar-cane) ; and I found, fur-
ther, that this was a great market for labour. When
I lived at Kolobeng, men left that tribe, and. I
found some of them within 200 mile 3 of Cape Town,
seeking to obtain work. Now here we have the
produce and here we have the labour, and I hope
we may secure a healthy standing point, from which
Europeans may push their commercial and their
missionary enterprise to the unhealthy regions be-
yond. We proceed, first of all, up the River Zam-
besi, and have the full authority of the Portuguese
for so doing. This river is very large ; it is difficult
to convey to the people of such a dry country as
this an idea of its size, but the narrowest part that
I saw seemed almost to be equal to the Thames at
London-bridge. It was not known to be a large
river, on account of its being separated into five or
six branches at its mouth, before it reaches the sea.
But, when we get inland, we have a noble stream,
and we have at least 250 miles of the stream with-
out a single obstruction. Then we come into a
large coal field, and this seems to contain the ele-
ments of future civilisation. Then I may state that,
as we have to examine the river, our expedition will
be a practical one. It is not like those that have
been sent to the North Pole. We hope to have
something to show when we come back. Our bota-
nist is au economic botanist, and the geologist is a
practical mining geologist ; and the naval officer,
Captain Beddingfield, has had a great deal of ex-
perience in African rivers, and has not been
deterred by the fear of suffering from African
fever, any more than myself, from volunteering
to go on this expedition. He goes to examine the
river system, and give us correct information about
the river system and its navigability. And then we
have an artist and a photographer, to give an idea
of what is to be seen in the country. But I think
this expedition is placed in a somewhat peculiar
position. I never heard of another expedition.
being similarly situated. My companions are all
put on their mettle. They are aware that it is very
well known that when alone I did something ; and
if we don't do well now in this expedition, people
will say, 4, Why, those fellows have prevented him
from doing what he might !"—(laughter)—so they
are all put on their mettle, and I have the greatest
confidence in their desire to accomplish the great
`objects of the expedition. We find that in the
middle of the country there are a great many
branchesile Zambesi. Several of them I have
examineds—o
and found they went-out a few
m
me ten or twelve miles—and then came
s of
myself, the Z a
in again to the main stream. Now the natives
pointed out a number more, and they say these
other streams cone out of the main branch, and
enter it again, after passing some hundreds of
miles. This is a most interesting point ; because if
the departing and returning branches are really
seen—then we may go up them in the small steam
launch, and have a navigable pathway into an im-
mense extent of country beyond. We shall not be
then obliged to pass the great falls of Victoria,
which cannot be passed iu any vessel. If we have a
navigable pathway into the country beyond—then
them is a prodigious- extent of country, all well
adapted for the cultivation of those products which
we now get through slave labour. And what I hope
to effect is this : I don't hope to rend down cargees
of cotton and sugar; perhaps that result will not
be iu my lifetime. But I hope we shall make a
beginning, and get in the thin end of the wedge,
and that we shall open up a pathway into the in-
terior of the country, and by getting right into
the centre have a speedy passage by an open
pathway, working from the centre out towards
the sides. When going into the country we
don't mean to
leave our Christianity behind
us. (Cheers.) I think We made somewhat
of a mistake—indeed, a very great mistake—in
India ; but Where we are going—we shall have no
need to be ashamed of our Christianity. We go as
Christians ; we go to speak to the people about our
Christianity, and to try and recommend our religion
to those with whom we come in contact. I have
received the greatest kindness from all classes of
people its the interior. I have found that only when
we approach the confines of civilisation the people
become worse. Such i 3 the fact—the nearer we
we find the people very much
wo never have had any contact
cwoonreseet oacai vti i
thoselis a t io h
with the white man. We hope we shall be able by
our conduct to recommend our religion to those
with whom we come in Collti:et ai.d I hope Chris-
tian merchants and Christiat nen will go into that
country and form a standaed for commencing
operations amongst them. I thank you all heartily
for the kind manner in which you have received
me, and although I acknowledge that the hand of
Providence is in all that has befallen me, and in
directing the attention of men to those objects
which He means them to work out, yet I feel most
grateful to you—the instruments of His grace."
(Loud cheers.)
The Rev. Mr. MOFFATT, in responding to a toast
in biz honour, entered into an explicit history of
his missionary labours in South Africa ; and re-
' ferred to the salutary influence which he had exer-
t cised over the once potent Africaner, and the now

renowned Moselekatze—an influence which he
hoped to turn to good account in respect to the ex-
pedition to be undertaken by Dr. Livingstone;
and he expressed a fervent hope of having the plea-
sure, at no very distant day, of shaking hands with
the doctor and the members of his expedition iu the
vicinity cf the Zambesi River.

After a stay of four or five days, the Livingstone
expedition left Simon's Bay on the Ist of May for
the Zambesi, her Majesty's steamer Hermes having
preceded her to see her safely over the bar. Mrs.
Livingstone, on account of indisposition, remained
with her father, the Rev. Mr. Moffatt. The
Governor has since announced his intention to pro-
pose to Parliament the formation of five interme-
diate posts between the colony and the Zambesi,
with a view to establish a line of monthly
.commu-
nication, which, it is estimated, can be carried wr
at an annual cost of less than 2501.
.avr

DEODORISING AND DISINFECTING
PROCESS.

At a moment when the state of the Thames and
the possibility of purifying its noxious waters are
subjects of so much interest to all classes in the
metropolis, any proposition by which so desirable
an object would be likely to be attained possesses
a claim to public attention. A s various as are the
positions and pursuits of their authors are the
schemes by which this wished-for end is sought to
be accomplished. By some it is contended that
every plan which has been shadowed out with that
view must prove futile, except that in accordance
with which the filth of London should be inter-
cepted before it reached the river, and at an outlay
of millions conveyed into the sea ; while in the
process of deodorisation and disinfection, others
maintain, is to be found the most simple and least
expensive solution of the difficulties by which the
question is beset. With the view of showing how
much might be effected by that process some inter-
esting experiments took place on Saturday last, at
the chymical works of. the Messrs. Condy, at Bat-
tersea. The agent employed upon the occasion was
Condy's patent disinfecting fluid, which consists of
solutions of manganate, or per manganato of soda
or potash—salts which, in consequence of their
containing and emitting with facility a large quan-
tity of oxygen, are peculiarly applicable to purposes
of disinfection and deodorisation. Used as a test of
the purity of water these results were obtained, that
while distilled waterassuro ed and retained to a great
extent the purple colour of the fluid when mixed with
it, organic matter was indicated in the caseof spring
and less pure water, by the rapid decolorisation
of the disinfecting substance. The action of the
fluid as a test of the comparative purity of different
waters having been thus ascertained, its operation
as contrasted with that of lime, which is now being
used at an expense of 1,5001. per week to obviate
' the stench arising from the river, was shown by
the following process. Two large glasses were
filled with sewage water emitting a most offensive
odour, that in one of the glasses being subjected to
the action of lime, while into the other a small
quantity of the disinfecting fluid was poured. Both
there substances operated effectually as precipitants,
but it was alleged that, whereas in the case of the
r ,70-iv, 'n-1 •irnply had taken place, in
the case of the lit
tl,cl: WALL,'
produced, owing to the fact that the organic im-
purities contained in the water which had been
subjected to its influence had undergone a process
of combustion, and that the cause of the odour
or putrefaction had in consequence been perma-
nently removed, instead of being merelytemporarily
disguised. In illustration of this view the test of
its capability to retain the colour of the disinfect-
ing fluid was applied to the water in each of the
glasses, when the continued presence of organic
matter in that which had been treated by lime, and
the absence of such matter in the instance in
which the fluid had been used, would appear to
be established by the decolorisation in the one
case, and the retention of the colour in the other
case, of the disinfecting agent. The result of the
application of such an agent at the various
outlets of the sewers running into the
Thames would be, in the opinion of the patentees,
to obviate a nuisance which has now assumed so
serious a character. It is admitted that the process
would involve a considerably larger outlay than
would be necessary in the case of lime, but then. the
Messrs. Condy contend that that outlay would be
more than counterbalanced by the value of the de-
posit which would be created under the operation
of their scheme, and which they say woteid retain
all its fertilising properties, while that created
under the action of lime had been peeved by ex-
perience to be completely worthless as a fertilising
agent. Nothing, it may be added, could be more
complete than the success of the fluid in rendering
the impure water upon which it, acted clear and
devoid of all offensive odour. How far it would
tend to solve the great Thamea problem it is for the
proper authorities to determine.