The Sun.
London, England, 1858-04-12 00:00:00

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firm and solid. It will then be able to withstand
the effects of time and alteration. It can afford to
be expanded or contracted with varying occasions
and complex or unforeseen events. The prlnci,:les
upheld so strongly by General Jacob, of honesty,
justice, moral influence, and unswerving recti-
tude in all dealings with the natives, are unques-
tionable in their character, and unchanging in their
application. All minor matters, such as the con-
trol of revenue, the official examinations, the mili-
tary systems, &c., are of secondary importance,
and may safe!y be modified by circumstances, s
long as the fundamental principles are left un-
touched. In his prp!,:ace captain Pelly gives the
following testimony to the merits of the work, and
the experience of the writer.
I am coininced that no unprejudiced person, accu-
rately acquainted with the history of our native army,
oan read these military papers, or become familiar with
the praotice on which they result, without perceiving
that the principles advocated are in exact conformity
with wht.tever has been or still may be worthy in the
const;tation of that army. I believe there is
s'..Arcely a commanding officer or an adjutant of a
regiment who would not once acknowledge that the
details in which he has found himself hampered are those
pointed out in these papers. And all who have perused
the works of the late Sir John Malcolm, and the selec-
tions from the correspondence of the late Lord Met-
calfe' recently edited by Mr. Kaye, will be impressed
with the coincidence of the principles enunciated by
these statesmen with those independently practised by
General Jacob. One principle, common to all three
writers, cannot be too strongly urged. It is this ;
That from the moment when the command of a Native
Regiment becomes less sought for than other employ, we
m<iy date the commencement of our downfall. To render
this command so sought for, we must place the com-
mander in a position to be looked up to by his own men,
and by society, whether English or native ; and we
roust support him in the exercise of full authority. To
do this involves selection,—selection, that is, of officers
for a class of appointments more essential to the existence
of our rule in India than any other class of appoint-
ments whatsoever, be they military or civil.

General Jacob strongly asserts the great imprJr-
tance of the mental and moral superi.erity
of the European over the native, and attaches
much consequence to the maintenance of the dig-
nity and prestige of the English character. Our
object, he says, should be to elevate and
educate the natives, to aid their advance men-
tally, morally, and physically ; but that the differ-
ence of the two natures should be borne in mind—
that to the Angie-Saxon self-government is a ne-
cessity, to the Oriental it is a perplexing impossi-
bility. "He expects to be ruled, and to be ruled
well, otherwise he will, perhaps, rebel and destroy
his bad rulers. But in no case will he attempt to
establish freedom." Again he says :—" It is not
less pay, but more English mind (whias is cheap
at any price)) which is required for India." "In
introducing European honesty, energy, persever-
ance, knowledge, high principles, and ability into
this country, we are in fact importing so much
life." He strongly objects to torced labour, and
proves by convincing arguments that it is as un
wise as unjust. Regarding our military system,
he upholds the necessity of elevating the moral and
intellectual nature of the men, of working on their
best and highest qualities, instead of appealing to
their lower selfish hopes wad fears.
But the military code enables the wrong man to be
kept uppermost, and all manner of outra es on common-
sense to be practised in the ar my, without much scandal,
until the time for real warlike exertion arrives. Tan
real workmen are absolutely necessary, and the amateurs
at once fail. While the steam-engine is at rest, and its
fire is out, any one may pretend to be competent to its
management ; but get up the steam, and the real engi-
neer alone is able to maintain and to guide, with safety
and utility, the mighty power of the machine.
This has well been shown in our war with Russia.
There has been plenty of power, for even the poorest
material of Englishmen is comparatively powerful. Our
soldiers are still unmatched in fight, and show a martyr's
endurance of misery ; but these warriors have been
systematically trained to helplessness. The natural
qualities of the men make them, in the actual shock of
battle and in the struggle of personal combat, the most
formidable soldiers in toe world ; they are the beat and
bravest of the earth. But what has their military edu-
cat on done for these noble beings ? It has merely
crippled them, body and soul ! Weat the stock, the
bets, the pipeclay, the tight coat, the knapsack, &c,,
are to the soldiers' bodies, their moral and intellectual
training has been to their minds ; they must only think,
as Frederic's soldiers prayed, according to regulation.
Toe men can do nothing for themselves; while their
amateur leaders and heads of departments can neither
feed, clothe, shelter, nor move the army. At the com-
mencement of operations, our generals endeavoured to
enforce regulations regarding stocks and jackets, &e.
And with such matters many of them seem alone com-
petent to. deal.
Regarding the Bengal army General Jacob speaks
as follows :
With the opportunities and experience above-men-
tioned, my observations and opinions may be useless and
unsound, but they cannot justly be deemed presumptuous
or hasty.
The most serious faults existing in, and peculiar to
the Bengal army, appear to me to be as follows :
First.—The absence of the highest moral tone, and of
a simple and vigorous Anglo-Saxon honesty in dealing
with Asiatics on the part of the English officers of the
army of Bengal.
Secondly.—The want of power placed in the hands of
regimental commanding officers ; the want of confidence
reposed in, and support afforded to them, by the Com-
mander-in-Chief and by Government.
Thirdly.—The most pernicious system of drawing pay
by companies direct from the divisional paymaster, in-
stead of by regiments, which again tends to bring regi-
mental commanders in contempt, and to reduce their
power and usefulness.
Fourthly.--The most defective system of conducting
officers' me-ses.
Fifthly.—The entire absence of a proper confidence
between the officers and the native soldiers.
Sixthly.--The most pernicious practice of attending
to the caste of native soldiers, thereby frequently exclu-
ding from our ranks the best material fur soldiers, and
enlisting the very worst.
Seveutbly.—Tae very bad and fatally it jurious system
of promotion existing with respect to native officers and
seldiers.
E.glithly.—The entire absence of a proper discipline
througheut the native part of the Bengal army.
Ample proof f the first-mentioned fault is found in
proceedings towards mutilate rs—in the late orders to the
agal army regarding c ,urts of requests, &e.—in dis-
closures which have been made regarding gamblieg
affairs, banking transactions, &c., too notorious to re-
quire detailing, and too extensive and numerous to be
attributable to causes affecting individuals only. These
proofs are pubic, and patent to all men.
With respect to the question of leeve of absence,
the General suggests a simple and sensible arrange-
malt. He proposes that every officer, civil or
military, should have every seventh year to himself,
if he wished to avail himself of the privilege ; dur-
ing that period to r ceive his full Indian allowances,
and return his staff appointment, but not to receive
the staff salary, which should go to the individual
who officiated during his absence. General Jacob
justly observes that, though every indulgence
should readily be accorded to the servants of Go-
vernment who are suffering from ill-health, unre-
mitting labour, and honest exertion, should consti-
tute at least as good a claim to the favk air as the
mere incapacity for duty. Moreover, he adds, that
such a system would greatly diminish the sick cer-
tificates which are sometimes merely an excuse, and
that a better impression of Anglo-Indian society
and men of business would be given by the
return of men of energy, health, and life
to their native country, instead of languid
invalids, while the advantages of renewing
their European views and feelings would be yelp
beneficial to the visitors. As a testimony to the
efficiency and discipline maintained in his own
troops, the fallowing testimony from the late Sir
C. Napier is valuable
:
Extract from General Orders by hie Excellency 'Major
General Sir C. Napier, G.C.8., Governor of Sind,
Head-quarters, Trukkee, 11th March, 1845.
Twenty-five brave robbers, on lost, well armed with
swords, shields, and matchlocks, met 20 of the Sind
Horse patrolling in the desert. Tee robbers gave a
volley and charged. The Sind Horse met them; a
combat with sabres ensued. The Sind Horse bad one
man killed and two wounded. Of the enemy, every
man fell, sword in band. Qearter was repeatedly offer. d
to these stern gladiators, but they refused, and svery
robber bit the duet. Honour be to their courage—more
honour to the 4, conquerors. Another laurel leaf has
been added to the rich wreath of Jacob's Horse. The
conduct of Jemedar Guffoor Mahomed and his com-
panions demands the Governor's highest approbation ;
asd he will report their gallantry to the Governor-
General of India, and to the Commander-in-Chief of the
Bombay army, as soon as Captain Jacob sends in the
names of these brave men.
(Signed) C. J. NAPIER, G.C.B.
Governor ef
True extract, (Signed) E. GREEN, Major,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
His remarks on the permanent defence of the
north west frontier of India, and the progress and
intentions of Russia in that quarter, deserve the
attention of these in authority. The object of
Russia in securing Kars, and her secret movements
through Persia, have not escaped his penetration.
The statesmanlike views and broad opinions enune
ciated in this work would command attention under
any _circumstances, but coming from one of such
experience and authority, at an epoch of perplexity
end discussion, they are doubly *valuable, and merit
the consideration of legislators and politicians at
home, as well as the careful study of all who are
likely to fill a responsible position in our Anglo-
Indian Empire.

Barchester Towers. By Anthony Trollope, auth, r
of the " Warden," (to. New edition. Longman.
The readers of " Warden," will be glad lo
meet with the continuation of that It toty, in 1t
present cheap and commodious form. The strife
and rivalry of a cathedral town, the varying