The Sun.
London, England, 1867-10-07 00:00:00

Cash and Credit Business.

The principal business transactions of the city in
merchandise are done upon a basis of four months'
credit ; if cash payments are made or less time
asked certain discounts are allowed. The extreme
caution exercised during the later years of the war
and the period just after its close, in giving credit,
is gradually relaxing, and business is carried on
more according to the customs prevailing in former
times. In the uncertainty which attended all mer-
cantile transactions during the years from 1861 to
1865, when gold was fluctuating sometimes in a
single day more widely than it does now in a year,
and when affairs were so entirely unsettled that it
was not safe to give any credit, a close cash busi-
ness was necessarily done. Suits on promissory
notes were almost unknown in law offices, where
that class of actions had formerly constituted the
chief business. It is eminently proper to relax this
unusual and inflexible cash system, as the state
of affairs in the country and the comparative
certainty attending commercial operations war-
rant such a step. But we see no good
reason why the custom of giving credits should
be extended beyond its present reasonable
limits. It is well known that one of the principal
causes of the panic of 1857 was the very great ex-
tent to which business had been done on credit ; and
we believe it is quite as generally conceded that the
fact of there being very little commercial paper
afloat at the end of the war has been one of the most
important assistants in carrying us through the
past two years without a severe financial crisis.
The experience thus referred to, of the injury
worked by excessive credits in one case and of the
benefit realised from the cash system in the other, is
in itself sufficiently strong to have much influence
in guiding future action ; but reason, we think,
points in the same direction. The fact is simply
this—that the long credit method is one by which
goods can be bought with promises to pay. The
cash or short credit method calls for money imme-
diately or in a very short time. The tendency with
purchasers will always be to ask for long credit, and
a custom of giving such credit once established can-
not easily be changed until at length some great
revulsion overthrows everything, and a new order
of things is started.
The wisest course would seem to be to keep up the
present custom of giving credit for a reasonable time ;
the interests of both seller and buyer will be pro-
moted, and the total amount of legitimate business
done in a year will be quite as large as if the terms
of transactions were notes of from six to twelve
months.—New Jerk Financial Bulletin.

The Drying of Has, and Corn.

The Scientific Review, of the Ist inst., mentions a
very simple and effective contrivance of Mr. W. A.
Gibbs, of Gilwell Park, Essex, member of the In-
ventors' Institute, which has for its object the free-
ing the farmer, as far as the saving of the hay and
corn crops is concerned, from all dependence on the
weather.

The most important feature of Mr. Gibbs' patent,
it says, apart from its great efficiency, is that he
derives the heat he employs from the products of
combustion when they are about to escape into the
atmosphere, and hence are ordinarily not expected to
produce any further effect ; and also from the waste
steam, that is, from steam which has done its work,
and, therefore, any effect of which is clear gain.
The principle adopted by him may be carried out
in a variety of ways.

It is supposed that the farmer possesses, or can
hire, an agricultural steam-engine ; which is the
case -at present in almost every part of Great Bri-
tain, and many parts of Ireland. The back plate
of this engine is removed, and the induction-tube
of a large, but very simply constructed blower or
fan, is inserted into the opening. This blower is
driven with a belt, by one driving-wheel of the
engine, and as it causes a powerful draught through
the furnace no chimney is required. The heated
air and products of combustion drawn in by the
fan are driven by a suitable pipe under the floor of
a portable iron shed, about 12 feet square, and 7
feet high. The floor of this shed being raised about
12 inches from the ground, a kind of reservoir for
the heated air is formed by the false bottom, the
prolongation of the sides downwards, and the
ground. Into the upper or sheet-iron floor are in-
serted, by their larger ends, conical tubes about 18
inches long, at distances sufficient to allow sheaves of
wheat to be spiked vertically on each of them. The
heated air from below passes up through these tubes,
and, issuing from their upper extremities, rushes
with great velocity through the centre of the sheaf
outwards, carrying with it all the superfluous mois-
ture, and effectually drying both the straw and the
grain.

The air thus charged with moisture escapes through
the openings formed by corrugations of the iron
roof, where it rests on the sides of the shed ; and the
heat is utilised to such a degree, that while the air
and products of combustion enter the shed at a
temperature of about 340 deg., they leave it at a
temperature of about 140 deg.

In order that one set of sheaves may be drying,
while the other is being fixed on the conical tubes,
the shed is divided, longitudinally, by a sheet-iron
partition—which, if desirable, may be hollow, for
the reception of waste steam from the engine; and
the air from the fan is turned instantaneously into
the one division or the other, at pleasure, by a very
simple valve.

The shed used with the experiment we witnessed,
though of the small dimensions we have given above,
is capable of drying the sheaves obtained from eight
acres in a very few hours. And while one wheel of
the engine is driving the fan, the other may be
made to drive the threshing-machine, which will be
abundantly supplied by the product of the drying-
shed. It acts so efficiently that the sheaves in one
division are dried while the other division is being
filled. We saw wheat that had been exposed to 18
hours' constant rain ; then to a day's drying in the
open air ; then to six hours' more rain, then to
another day's drying, then to from four to six hours
heavy rain, so that they were completely saturated,
perfectly dried in 15 minutes. The point to which
the drying may be carried is completely under the.
control of the farmer. If he wishes to thresh out
his crop on the field so as to send his corn and straw
at once to market, he can do so with perfect cer-
tainty and ease. If he intends to stack it, of course
a less thorough dryness will suffice.
To remove all apprehension that sparks migh t be
carried by the air-current to the straw, and ignite it
the products of combustion are made to pass
through a wire gauze, which is placed between the
smoke-box and the fan.

The air drawn from the furnace by the blower
contains nothing calculated to injure the grain, or

Another advantage of this ingenious and most
practical contrivance is that it gives full employ-
ment to the engine, and the workpeople of the farm,
exactly at those times when other kinds of labour
would be impossible, and at a very inconsiderable
expense, since the heat of the waste steam, and of
the products of consumption produced by the very
act of threshing, supplies the threshing-machine
with wheat in a perfectly dry state, however wet
and unfavourable the weather; the only expendi-
ture of force being the small quantity required for
communicating to the fan a velocity of from six to
eight hundred revolutions per minute.

ARCHBISHOP MANNING ON THE PAN-
ANGLI CAN SYNOD AND THE PAPACY.

Yesterday morning there was a special supplica-
tion at the Cathedral of St. Mary, Moorfields, for
his Holiness the Pope, with a sermon by the Most
Rev. Dr. Manning, Archbishop of Westminster,
having reference particularly to recent events. The
supplication was in the form of a special prayer, and
the Archbishop preached from the words of the
Gospel of St. John—" If the world hate you, ye
know that it hated me before it hated you." Ile
said that if the first Sunday of October were not
by immemorial use the festival of the Holy Rosary,
it might be thought that they had specially set it
apart for intercession on behalf of their Holy
Father, the Sovereign Pontiff. The iuk was hardly
dry upon a document which, on account of its
solemnity and for its signatures, exceeded in im-
portance and publicity any that had emanated from
the Anglican communion. In that document a
protest was entered against the universal so-
vereignty of the vicar of Jesus Christ and the in-
tercession of the Blessed Mother of God. At first
sight it would appear that the act of that day per-
formed in that church and the words of that
Anglican declaration were irreconcilable. He would
fain hope—and it was not to his purpose to enter
into details—but he thought the two things might
be brought to harmony. It might sound strange
—although he had no hesitation in saying it—that,
interpreted by the letter, any Catholic might sign
that document. Was it not strange that a solemn
protest so framed, and so hostile at least in its ex-
pression, should contain, when analysed, nothing to
which a Catholic could object ? lie did not say
what was the intention of the framers, neither did
he say that the interpretation which he put upon it
was such as the Catholic Church would warrant.
Let them, therefore, hope for the best ; and cer-
tainly it was the part of charity not to multiply discre-
pancies, or to elevate what could be smoothed away
into mountains of separation. What do the words
of that declaration say ? The chief attacks of the
Anglican communion in this country, and of the
bishops abroad, are in the form of a protest against
the endeavour to establish a universal sovereignty
on behalf of the Holy Sec. For himself he never
heard supremacy claimed. There was certainly a
supremacy of jurisdiction in virtue of the Keys,
which was indeed a Catholic truth, and for the de-
fence of which Catholics would give their lives. The
sovereignty of the patrimony of St. Peter was,
therefore, an intelligible proposition. They were
next warned, in the document alluded to, against
appealing to the blessed Virgin Mary, and placing
her in the stead of her Son. Where, in the Catholi
Church, was the man who did so ? If there wer
such a man, he would say, let him be anathema.
The Virgin Mary was simply a creature ; her Son
was the Creator. No Catholic who ever lived but
would recoil from such blasphemy—from such hor-
rible impiety. He was glad to see that in this docu•
ment it was not affirmed, in so many words, that
the Catholic Church put the Virgin in the place of
her own Son. So far, therefore, it was a gain.
They celebrated prayers in the Catholic Church to
the mother of God, not as a divine person, but as
an intercessor. That was the faith of the Catholic
Church. The Anglican document spoke of union,
but what it meant by union it was not for him to
say. A desire had been expressed in the Church of
England for communion with the Church of the
East; but how the Church in the East would agree
with the Church which condemned prayers to the
blessed mother of God it was not for him to say.
And now he paused to say thus much for this docu-
ment, which was very remarkable in sound, but
very innocuous in sense. It would do the Catholics
of England no harm, and the feast of the Holy
Rosary would wipe out all its bitterness. Passing
away from this topic, he would now ask their
intercession for the safety of the Holy Father
and the stability of his throne. He stated just a
year ago that he had confidence in the strength
of the throne of the Pope. A year had passed, and
the Holy Father calmly sat on the throne which he
occupied a year ago. Ia those twelve months there
had been periods of momentous importance. On
the 12th of December following, the time of which
he then spoke, those foreign bayonets, which they
were tauntingly told were the only support of the
Pontiff's throne, were withdrawn. It had been said
that within 24 hours of the withdrawal of those
troops the whole of the population of Rome would
rise against the Pope. Where were the prophets?
In the following month of June bishops from all
parts of the world assembled around that throne
which was to have been crumbled into the dust, but
which still retained its magnificence and its power
in the person of Pope Pius IX. It might be said
that these were mere human events, but they were
not so, for they were the manifestations of Divine
power. The Archbishop commented in strong terms
upon the proceedings of Garibaldi, without, how-
ever, mentioning him by name. Quoting from one
of the daily newspapers, he showed that phrases had
been applied to him which had reference originally
to Christ, and denounced many of the prevailing
notions of the day which appeared to set the church
and the State in antagonism. Ile concluded with a
very solemn protest, as a Christian and as an
Englishman, against that striving which was
evidently going on to undermine the faith of the
Church, which was the only recognised means of
salvation, the chief and sole guarantee for the
public peace.

SHlELDS,.Saturday night.—The weather is a little
more moderate upon the coast, and a good many screw col-
liers and sailing vessels have proceeded to sea to-day. A
very melancholy accident occurred off the Tyne yesterday
The fruit schooner, the Waife, of Brixharn, bad been towed
out of the port to proceed to St. Michael's ; a sea struck
her and washed the mate, Alfred C. Bagshaw, overboard,
and ho was drowned. Not more than half a dozen sail of
vessels have reached the Tyno since Wednesday.
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Several witnesses were then called to prove an
alibi in the case of the prisoner Shore. Isabella
Fee, a beer-house keeper, and her son, stated that
on the afternoon of the outrage Shore was in their
house at 5 minutes to 4 o'clock.

Jane M'Mahon was called on behalf of the pri-
soners Moorhouse and Carroll, whom she said she,
saw together in Cluney's beer-house, in OldharAl-
- at 10 minutes to 4 o'clock on the day of the
rescue.
Julia Hart, Patrick Clancy, Lewis Moore, John
Geary, and Patrick Barrigan gave corroborative
evidence with regard to Carroll and Moorhouse.
The prisoner Gould said he wished the officers in
charge of the police-station and those of the City
prison who were present when he was identified to
be examined.

Mr. Fowler ordered that the witnesses should be
called.

Several witnesses were then examined on behalf
of the prisoner Wilson. One of them, J. Ingham,
had no recollection of seeing Wilson on the after-
noon of the 18th ult.

Sarah Grimshaw, a beerhouse keeper, residing
near the city gaol, said she saw Wilson in her house
on the afternoon of the 18th ultimo. There was a
woman and child with him. They had some drink.

Grace Clarke stated that at three o'clock on the
afternoon of the 18th ult. she saw Wilson get upon
an omnibus to go to Belle Vue.

Mary Flanagan, a governess, was called, but
said she did not wish to give evidence.
Mr. Fowler—You must.
Witness said she remembered the afternoon of the
attack on the police van. She was walking near
the city gaol at 10 minutes to four o'clock, and saw
Wilson, with whom she was slightly acquainted, in
a publichouse near the gaol gates. Wilson was
accompanied by his sister-in-law and a little girl.
Mary O'Leary, sister-in-law of Wilson, said that
on the 18th ult. she was at Wilson's house. He did
not get out of bed till nearly two o'clock in the
afternoon. A little after three o'clock she went with
Wilson and his little girl in an omnibus to Belle
Vue. They went into a publichouse near the gaol
gates, and had something to drink.
On the application of the prisoner Gould, police
constable Yarwood was called, and, in answer to
Gould, he said—l drove you in a cab from the van
to the gaol. I had my head out of the window. I
did not strike the top of the cab with my hands in
an excited state. I did not see the last witness near
the entrance to the gaol with a child. I did not see
you on the road.

Gould—lt's a lie. You want to get me
convicted.

Police Inspector Drysdale was nest called. Ho
said he saw Gould at the Albert police station, when
he was being identified. He was chained hand and
foot. Other prisoners were also chained.
Police Superintendent Gee stated that he saw
Gould in chains, and had no doubt the chains drew
attention to those who wore them.
The prisoners were committed for trial.

GREAT ATHLETIC MEETING.—On Saturday, in
the picturesque park at Westcombe, near Black-
heath, nearly all the athletic clubs in and near London
wore represented in the competition for numerous prizes.
The stewards were Admiral Caffin, Capt. Barber, Rev. John
Kempthorne, and other gentlemen. Among the spectators
wore many of the elite of the neighbourhood, and the band
of the Royal Artillery played at intervals. The sports
commenced with a race of 100 yards, tss o prizes. After
three heats, R. J. Willoughby won the final one; E. V.
Mackay, second ; and C. B. Wickham, third; time, 11 sees.
Pole-jumping, two prizes: Alfred Lubbock (Marylebone
Cricket Club) won at OIL 6in.; IV. P. Moore (L.A.C.),
second, Oft. 3in. Hurdle Race, 10 flights, 120 yards, open
to all : Won in the final heat by R. S. Sweetland, 8 yards
start ; E. V. Mackay, 9 yards, second ; and E. Havers, 1
yard start, third ; time, 181 sec. Mile Race, throe prizes:
B. Davies was the winner; P. F. Bainbridge second; and
J. P. Morris, third ; time, 5 min. 20 sec. Three miles
Open Handicap, for throe prizes : S. B. Smith (Paragon
Club), 100 seconds start, won; T. Griffiths (City Ama-
teur Club), 35 sec., second ; and J. Westall (L.A.C.),
third. In a handicap race, 250 yards, three prizes, H.
Begbie, 16 yards start, was the winner in the final heat;
E. V. Mackay, 10 yards, second ; and F. E. Wear, 3 yards,
third; time, 284 sec. At the high jump R. J. Colbeck and
E. Havers were equal, at sft. Sin. ; several went out at sft.
4in. Quarter mile handicap race, three prizes, won in the
final heat by F. Schultze (London Scottish Rifles), 8 yards
start; J. W. Preece, 18 yards, second ; and R. Pulford
(Royal Engineers), 17 yards, third. Tho sports were wound
up by a mile steeplechase, three prizes. In the course
there wore several hurdles, a water jump, and a steep hill
to finish. Some mishaps ensued, but eventually A. Mad-
dock (Richmond Club), 15 sec. start, came in first by 3
yasds ; H. Hannis, (Eton Club), 23 sec., second ; and W.
G. Woolston (L.A.C.), 35 sec., third ; and F. Hawtrey
(Eton College), 20 sec., fourth. The wife of Admiral
Can' presented the prizes.
FOOTBALL.—OLD HARROVIANS V. WANDERERS.
—These two teams met on Saturday last., at Battersea-
park, the match terminating in a tie, two goals falling to
each party. The wind, which at all seasons appears to
sweep sharply across the park, was on this occasion
bracing and almost frosty, and the absence of any sun to
neutralise its effects made everything favourable for foot-
ball and a good match. The ground, however, was in
very bad order ; the going was very slippery, and the grass
was so long and heavy as to render italmost impossible to
guide the ball with any degree of precision. Tho Old
Harrovians, who were assisted by a well-known Harrow
player (E. E. Bowen), won the toss, and chose the goal next
the river, which presented the best ground for defence. The
ball was quickly kicked off by the captain of the Wanderers,
who appeared determined to lose no time, for agood run up
brought the ball directly in front of the Harrow goal,which
fell to a cunning piece of play on the part of IV. J. Dixon.
With the change of goals the Old Harrovians, imbued with
a sense of their danger, began to show their proper form,
and the game became more exciting as each Harrow charge
took the ball nearer and nearer to the enemy's goal, which
resisted for some time till compelled to surrender to the
kicking prowess of E. E. Bowen. One goal to each side,
and the Harrovians improving in their play, such was the
aspect of the game when half the time had elapsed.
Every minute served to show the superior backing
up of the Harrow men, who kept up a ceaseless
fire on the 'Wanderers' goal, which was well defended
by that most agile of goal-keepers J. Kirkpatrick, who
was, however, unable to stem the rushing tido of the
Harrovians, bent on conquest, and the Wanderers' goal
soon succumbed a second time, after a general scrimmage
in front of the poles, to the too of R. C. Thornton. But
few minutes were now left for play, and victory appeared
iu the hands of the Harrovians, who were, however, nut
destined to be favoured with the smiles of fortune, for the
absence of their goal-keeper gave a chance to J. E. Tayloo,
who, by a well-directed kick, sent the ball flying between
the posts of the Wanderers' goal. Time was now called,
and this well-contested match thus terminated in a draw.
The play on both sides was very good, both the goals ob-
tained by the Wanderers singularly falling to Old West-
miusters. For the Old Harrovians R. C. Thornton, R. M.
Thornton, and E. E. Bowen showed the best form ; while
for the Wanderers W. J. Dixon, J. E. Tayloe, and A.
Baker did good service. The following is a list of the
players:—Old Harrovians —J. F. Alcock, C. IV. Alcock
E. E. Bowen, D. Rhodes, A. Thompson, It. C. Thornton,
B. M. Thornton, C. L. Tupper, 11. G. Phipps (absent.), R.
Stephenson (absent), and C. h. Weber (absent). Wan-
derers—C. M. Tebbut (captain), A. Biker, J. llivett Car-
, nac, W. J. Dixon, S. T. Holland, J. Kirkpatrick, F. B,
So lea, J. E. Tayloe, W. J. C. Cutbill (absent), A. Lloyd
(absent), and IL Lloyd (absent).