The Sun.
London, England, 1867-12-12 00:00:00

BUTTER AND CHEESE FACTORIES.

Forty years ago the State of New York grew a
surplus of grain (wheat) for exportation, and
" Genesee flour" was known and prized in many fo-
reign markets. Canal boats took in wheat at al-
most every storehouse, from Syracuse westward,
and brought it to Troy, Albany., and this city, for
manufacture and sale. Now all is changed. The
Genesee valley is no longer mainly devoted to
wheat ; even the counties west of Cayuga Lake
no longer grow their own grain. Sheep hus-
bandry, once popular, is now on the wane.
Dairying is rapidly supplanting all other farming
in our rural districts, and we judge that the next
census will return thrice the number of cows in our
State reported in that which preceded it by a
decade. And even dairying itself is undergoing
a decided and rapid transformation, through the
introduction and multiplication of factories for
the systematic and wholesale production of but-
ter and cheese. These factories are located
near the centre of each radius of three or four
miles wherein grass and cows abound usually
but one in a township as yet, though they are
being rapidly multiplied. A mill stream and water
power often determine the site, though we believe
a small engine_ and boiler (four to ten horse) are
preferred to a water-power. A cold and copious
spring is well nigh indispensable ; a good stock of
ice, well stored and saved, is desirable. A large
reservoir (like a cellar) is dug in the ground and
tightly walled with planks ; board platforms ex-
tend into this, floating on two or three feet of
water, constantly renewed from the spring. In
this reservoir, deep pails or cans are set and filled
three-fourths full of milk—they sinking and
floating in a like depth of water. The milk remains
here 24 to 36 hours, when the cream is taken off
and churned by steam or water-power—six to 24
churns being operated at once, with no draft on
human muscle. The butter thus made each day,
from cream in the very highest condition, is of
such uniform and superior quality as to bring from 5
to 10 cents per pound more than farm dairies will
command. And the milk, thus skimmed, is then
made into cheese, rather mild in flavour, but palat-
able and of very fair quality. We never wish to
eat better than some of this, made wholly of
skimmed milk, and sold by the makers at 10 cents
per pound to their entire satisfaction. It is cheaper
than pork, and may be substituted as a staple
article of diet for labouring men, to their great ad-
vantage and comfort. The milk is brought in by
the farmers of the vicinage, weighed as received, and
placed in the cooling vat as aforesaid. The farmers
generally receive a dividend of the proceeds ; but
the better plan is fast gaining ground of paying the
cash for it as fast AS received, it being speedily
turned into butter and cheese, which are cash
articles. We estimate that the dairy product of
our State will be increased at least one-fourth by
the general introduction of these factories, and that
the value of our grass lands will thus be enhanced at
least 10 dole. per acre.—. New York Tribune.,

)'()UNION MIN I(4+.
Pon Pedro, North Dcl Rey, 2 pm
Scott'lsh Austral' in, lim., 1
BANNS.

Angle- lustrian, 9
Anglo Egyptian, lim., 17
Australasia, i 21
Chartered .ler. of indla, London, and China, 29i
Consolidated, litn., 4%
English and lilt) de Janeiro, lite., 7 .1-16
London and N estrninster, 091
Ditto, Scrip. 381
Union of London, 361

XCISUELLANICO Ul3.
Ceylon Company, sa
Commercial Union, Insuranoe. 1f
Credit Fonder of Enziand. lim.. 2 13-16
Egyptian 9 per Cent. Viceroy Loan, gua by Egypt. Goy.,
Ditto, d tto, (all), 90}
Gen. credit and Discount, lim.. 5}
International Financial society, lim.. 2 13-16
Lonr'on and Provincial Marine, 1 9-10
c,riental Gas, lim., 6
Panama, New Zealand and Aus. R. Mail., 4f
Royal Mail Steam, 61 Is
South Australian Land, 37

.FARM PROSPECTS.—Thousands of acres hare
been sown with wheat this autumn, and hundreds of acres
have felt the unaccustomed pressure of the iron roller ; sc
great has been the lack of moisture that fears have been
entertained that some of the grain would scarcely germi-
nate, or if it did just " spear," the tiny radicle would hardly
secure a sufficiency of nourishment to keep it going in the
dry seedbed. So great has been the want of wet that oven
some masters of hounds have talked of not hunting till we
get more rain ; and one noted pack, Mr. Scrutton's, has
struck work, till the Essex clays shall have absorbed mois-
ture enough to secure the hounds' foot and the horses'
legs frJai danger from tip hard ground, Although agri-
cultural horses have not found their work quite so tough
and leathery as it frequently is in autumn ; and although
the clover layers have ploughed up short and brittle, in
lieu of the tough unyielding furrow we have seen in a
wetter season, still the extra breadth of wheat has thrown
more than the customary amount of autumnal work upon
their shoulders, and the result is now showing itself pretty
plainly in, or rather on, the ribs and quarters of the team.
Keep horses as you will, they must be treated generously
from harvest to Christmas, or you will assuredly find them
unable to do their work satisfactorily; at no other period
have they such continuously severe labour, and it is mani-
festly very poor policy to let your horses "get down," for
not only will the ploughman be compelled to shirk the
work from sheer inability to plough the land well, and
sound, and deep, but added to this, if horses are ever suf-
fered to get into poor condition, they aro then liable to be
seized with colds, coughs (of a severe type sometimes) in-
fluenza, and epidemic. Any veterinary surgeon will tell
us that in the event of disease overtaking an animal, it
has a far worse chance of shaking off its malady if it
should unfortunately attack him when low in flesh.—
Land and Water.