The Sun.
London, England, 1858-09-27 00:00:00

a case in which the accused is seen to be-not a

•••••••••••••

that we could wish him to be, and the evidence
sufficient to make us wish we could strain it a little,
and "to do a great right do a little wrong"—but
in which we feel it better far that a delinquent
kind of man, perhaps an actual delinquent, should
escape, than that law or evidence should be strained
by judges or. juries. Doubtless the feeling of half
the audience in court was much of this kind. They
might not think the Commissioners had violated
their duty, but they felt that there was, somehow,
a wrong without a remedy ; and they were very
certain that, as the clergyman of Boyne-hill, Mr.
RICHARD TEMPLE WEST was the wrong man in
the wrong place.

We do not like to reopen at any length the details
of the evidence. Mrs. AROLD, the woman in
question, had, by her own admissions in court, been
guilty of violation 3 of the seventh commandment
(the Anglican Confessors' favourite commandment);
but it is commonly remarked that persons guilty of
one kind of sin, especially of sins of sensuality, are

by no means on that account more prone than other

sinners to lying and perjury ; and we must say we

cannot help crediting the Woman's first story, and
that part of her evidence which accorded with it.

We had lately, according to the express verdict of
a jury, a case of forgetfulness on the part of a
Baronet, and we know not why " Clerks in holy

orders" may not be as oblivious of inconvenient
facts as Baronets "in commission of the peace."

The parish squabbles, and their bearing on the
conduct and veracity of the different individuals

concerned, it it impossible for strangers to appre-
ciate. It appears as if persons had been discussing
the affair, and encouraging or blaming the wo

man, till she mi, ght have said things apparently
contradictory to some of her first statements ;
but all the more should we be disposed to
credit these first statements. They were self-
consistent, did liot leave the marks e' an invented
story, and in the most important of these the
woman persevered to the last. We can hardly
doubt, when file woman asserts that the rev, gen-
tleman told her not to tell her husband, and the
clerk denies that he did so, which is to be believed.
No one can doubt which had most to gain by false,
or, we would rather say, jesuitical evidence, nor
which could most easily invent some mental justi-
fication, or devise some mental reservation, to serve
the occasion. We can affirm nothing, certainly, of
either party, nor could the disapproving audience
in court; but we apprehend their feeling was—
we put more faith in the uneducated, rough woman,
than in a confessed admirer of the Church of IGNA-
TIUS LOYOLA.

The evidence, however, must be left to make its
own impression. We care neither to defend the
woman nor to condemn the clergyman ; we ask our
readers, however, whether the whole state of things
out of which the case arises is not disgrace-
ful ? Little might have been thought of
Mr. WEST'S catechisings of married women
on the seventh commandment, had he
been a man of different antecedents. It is not
impossible that a zealous Ranter Teacher might
have dealt even more plainly with the woman, and
yet it would not have occasioned the same suspicions
and ill-will, and would have been probably dif-
ferently understood by Mrs. ARNOLD. What was
taken for prurient curiosity in one case, would
have been thought plain rough honesty in
,the
other. The Ranter would have been taken for a
John the Baptist—the clergyman seems to have
been taken for a Jesuit. The bishops and our
clergy ought better to know the English character.
An honest rebuke of sins, ever since England has
had an ecclesiastical history, has always been, or
ultimately become, a favourite with the people ; but
the secret working out of mortal
,frailties by popish
or popish-minded confessors is a thing utterly de-
tested by us since the Reformation gave liberty of
thought and tongue. If Mr. WEST really did not
go beyond the bounds of clerical faithfulness, if he
really did not say to the woman what he did not
wish her husband to know, then let him, and his
incumbent and bishop too, learn the lesson, that to
be a Romanising churchman is to be a distrusted

man.

WITHIN the last five weeks the bullion in the
Bank of England has increased by no less than
£1,689,455, or from £17,444,600 to £19,134,065.
The notes unemployed, or Bank reserve, have been
augmented in a still greater ratio, the addition
being £2,093,410, or from £10,771,940 to
£12,865,350. There has thus been a steady in-
crease in the Bank assets of nearly £340,000 per
week of bullion, and £420,000 in unemployed notes.
And this will, in all human probability, go on
until the reduction of discount by the Bank—
which it must submit to, unless satisfied to " con-
tinue altogether without business"—tempts men into
wild speculations, and eventually brings about a mo-
netary panic and scarcity of money, so dear to the
hearts of " hard calculators." This rapid and steady
increase is the more remarkable, inasmuch as it has
occurred at the period of the year when, owing to
various causes, there has usually been a heavy
pressure on the Bank resources, and more earnest
demands for money. Under ordinary circumstances
there is a gradual reduction in the stock of bullion
and the reserve of notes from August until Novem-
ber, and nothing more clearly indicates the de-
pression and general inactivity of trade than this
reversal of the ordinary phenomena perceptible in

other years.
The Bank must therefore force its notes into cir-
culation if desirous of paying handsome dividends
to the proprietors of its stock, to whom the Direc-
tors owe their first duty. It signifies little that a
change must be produced by these operations, and
that, when the period anives for repaying the oblika-
tions thus contracted, money may be at a very dif-
ferent price, that the severest depression must in-
evitably follow the wildest speculation. That dis-
tress, however, is the harvest of the hard calculators.
They profit by the sufferings of the industrial corn-
'nullity, and so long as they can realise large addi-
tions to already overgrown fortunes, they heed but
little the distress and misery occasioned to their
fellow citizens.

The Times, as their organ, the recognised ex-
ponent of their selfish and unpatriotic views, would
encourage the temporary mania. It says, "If the
public are so wild and ignorant that they must
inevitably fall into intoxication under such circum-
•gtances, and suppese that because temporarily there
happens to be a large supply of money, there can
never again be any want of it, they will not be-
come wiser that it is in the power of the Bank Di-
rectors to regulate these matters." The moral to
be deduced from this reasoning may easily be anti-
cipated. The Times adds, " Let discount pursue
its spontaneous course down to 1 per cent. or up to
20 without the intervention of Chancellors of the
Exchequer, and, although a few bitter lessons must
meanwhile be encountered, our people will at last
become as rational on this as on any other point.

- The practical effect of this doctrine is, that no
protection should be given to the heedless and un-
wary. They must take care of themselves in this
wicked world, and cannot justly complain if they
should be victimised by more skilful operators.
They should receive no state protection. There
should be no attempt to deprive trade of its gam-
bling and speculative character. Whether discount
be 1 or 20 per cent. no efforts should be made to
preventthose extraordinary fluctuations in the value
of money, which, as Mr. COBDEN truly declared,

have occasioned greater evils, pecuniary, social, and
moral, than the failure of all the banks of issue that

ever suspended payment ; and yet that very Mr.
COBDEN voted in support of the bill which occa-

sioned those very fluctuations of which he so
bitterly complained.

That the Act of 1844 was the exciting cause of
these fluctuations cannot for a moment be doubted.
For 140 years—from 1704 to 1844—the rate of dis-

count was never more than 5 or less than 4 per
cent., save for a short time in 1839, during one of
the periodical panics that have followed the Act of
1819. It was then raised to 6 pm- cent., but in
January, 1840, was again restored to 5 per cent.,
and remained between that and 4 per cent. until
after the passing of the Bank Charter Act. It is
needless to say how great have been the alterna-
tions since that time. Mr. GODDARD, an eminent
merchant in Lancashire, a thorough and consistent
Free-trader, exhibits the following pertinent inter-
rogatory to the currency quacks : " Have not fluc-
tuations in prices in the value of property, and de-
rangements in trade, been much greater than at
any former period, even under unlimited irrespon•
sible issues of paper money ? Have we not wit-
nessed the wildest speculations and the severest
_depressions ?"' This is undoubtedly a deplorable
fact. As Mr. GODDARD prophesied, there has been
"no security in trading transactions," and the pro-
ductive classes have been periodically exposed to
the most frightful adversities.
The freedom advocated by the Times is, however

of a very one-sided character. There is to be no
interference with the rate of discount, but currency
is to be subjected to the greatest restrictions.
Notes payable on demand cannot be issued save
under certain stringent regulations, and to an
extent by no means equivalent to the wants and
exigencies of the country in time of pressure.
Monetary reformers must, therefore, endeavour to
get rid of the Act of 1844, which has so greatly
aggravated the evils in critical emergencies, and
when that iniquitous law has been abolished,
.it
will be comparatively easy to set aside the Act of
1819, by providing really national notes, of conve-
nient denominations, which being made receivable
in payment of taxes and every state charge, will
answer every domestic purpose, and permit the
£50,000,000 of gold now circulating from hand to
hand, to be rendered available for foreign trade.
The wear and tear of the gold coinage, as well as
the interest thereof, will thus be saved to the
country. But even that tangible gain will be
trifling when compared with the establishment of
a circulating medium, adequate to the wants and
exigencies of the industrial population of the coun-
try, and which will not be permitted to be either
in excess, or in a great deficiency.

The Honourable Gentleman the Member for
Gateshead can find no cause for "criticism or com-
plaint" in regard to the doings hitherto of her
MAJESTY'S Government. That at least was the
explicit intimation given on Thursday last by Mr.
HUTT to his constituents. The occasion was a
municipal banquet presided over by the Mayor of
Gateshead, over against N ewcastle-upon-Tyne.
Politics not being even ostensibly eschewed as at
the Cutlers' Feast down at Sheffield, where Hon.
Members like Mr. MILNES . and —OEBUCK con-
trived, nevertheless, to speak pretty distinctly upon

: -
a variety of party questions, toasting their per•

sonal friends and doing their political foes brown,
simultaneously—Mr. HUTT directed his remarks,
and the attention of his hearers point blank upon
the past and future of the bERBY Administration.

It was while doing so that the Liberal Represen-
tative of Gateshead gave utterance to the before-
mentioned sententious and satisfactory observation.
It is not so long after that a political antagonist
can find 'it possible to avow, in the hear-
ing of his own supporters, that he really
discovers no great occasion to criticise or com-
plain when reviewing the conduct of Minis-
ters—particularly when the avowal comes after
the close of an unusually difficult, stormy, and
agitated session of Parliament. It is obvious that
such an acknowledgment can only by possibility
come as the sequel to the continuous and syste-
matic display of extraordinary prudence on the
part of a Cabinet. Insomuch has this manifestly
been the case, in Mr. HUTT'S estimation, of recent
events, that all we do by way of lengthening out
his remarks upon political matters generally
is to—indulge in a variety of the most
whimsically and gratuitously absurd conjec-
tures well imaginable. He implies the
probability—though accompanying the intima-

tion with a cherished hope to the contrary--
that the coming Reform Bill includes all the points
of the Charter. No such great boon, however, to
our thinking, if it did—provided only that the Ballot
were given at once, and universal suffrage were
insured gradually and progressively. Another
fantastic hypothesis submitted to his constituents
by the Member of Parliament for Gateshead was
that in which he looked forward to the proba-
bility ere long of Oxford dubbing as D.C.L.
the Emperor of CHINA, "that almost mythical
personage." A political speech made up of such
small talk is at any rate satisfactory, so that it
indicates the gay good humour consequent upon a
rather happy conjunction of circumstances. A
Ministry, for example, so extremely well-behaved,
all things considered, that it is difficult to find any-
where cause for picking a quarrel with it. Our
second war with China summarily and most satis-
factorily disposed of. European alliances pre.
served. Hopes of Reform even of ultra-
reform perceptibly reviving. The Indian
insurrection dying out under the iron heels of our
victorious soldiery, common in healthy action—and
so forth. Until, blase with the national good for-
tune, charmed by the monotonous tranquillity of
the nations of Christendom; the member for Gates-
head is actually fain, at last to lament that we have
somehow fallen upon times—" rather dull and un-
interesting ! " Thank Heaven, at least, say we,
that the public journals are no longer attractive by
reason of the romantic interest arising from dis
asters and misfortunes.

THE GALWAY AND AMERICAN STEAM
PACKETS.

Since the first ship was placed on the line, even
with all the disadvantages of haste, accident, inex-
perience, want of necessary shipment accommoda-
tion here, and other drawbacks, the Lever line has
proved a decided success. See already what these
vessels on the Lever line have done, and what they
have prospect of doing. The Propeller, as beauti-
ful a ship of her size as ever we have seen, though
not a first-class ship, made on her outward trip
from here, heavily laden with passengers and cargo,
one of the fastest voyages on record across the
Atlantic. She left Boston on the 21st inst., on her
return voyage, full of passengers, and as much cargo
as she could take. We learn from the steam ship
Anglo-Saxon, which arrived in Liverpool last night,
that the officers of the Propeller had been honoured
with a public banquet in Boston. This speaks for
American sympathy. We have. already said enough
about the pre-eminently successful voyages of the
Prince Albert. The Pacific has also completed a
most successful voyage, having arrived in New York
on the 4th inst., and landod her passengers all safe
and well. Advices have been already received by
the indefatigable local agent here, W. H. Butler,
Esq., of the consignment of freights to go per
Indian Empire of bale goods from Manchester, also
advices of large quantities of whisky, porter, and pro-
visions from Dublin ; of case goods, linens, muslins,
thread, sailcloth, &c., from Belfast, Lisburn, Ban-
bridge, and most of the manufacturing districts of the
north of Ireland. Now, as to what is being done among
ourselves, we may state that on Monday several
directors of the Midland Great Western Railway
arrived here by special train with a view, among
other objects for facilitating and increasing traffic,
of laying down a line of railway from their ter-
minus to the.duck, The directors who came down
were—Mr. John Ennis, M.P., chairman of the com-
pany ; Sir P. Nugent, Bart. ; Mr. Gaynor, Mr. La
Touche, and Mr. Nangle, of Garresker-house. They
were accompanied by Mr. Forbes, manager ; Mr.
Cabrey, chief engineer, and Mr. Boylan, with his
assistants, commenced laying out the line, and we
have reason to know that it will be proceeded with
as soon as possible. When completed it will form
a chain in the breakwater, of the construction of
which, by the aid of the Government grant, the
company are sanguine, but the announcement of
which, it is thought, is delayed for prudential
reasons.—Galway Vindicator.

THE QUEEN'S RETURN.—It is expected that the
Court will return from Balmoral about the 15th of October.
The weather continues highly favourable for dear-stalking,
but the Prince Consort has not been so successful in the
forest this year as he was in former seasons.
TILE PRINCE OF WALES' FIRST STAG.—ThePrince
of Wales killed a fine stag in the forest of Balmoral on
Tuesday. The deer was brought home in the evening, when
the Queen surveyed it, congratulating the Prince on the
success of hi:, rifle. A party of eight Billies with torches
then danced a reel in honour of the occasion and in presence
of the Royal household, after which the health of the Prince
was toasted by the company.
The Chvn:!clior of the Exchequer has conferred
on Mr. Henry Parr, the son of Mr. Edward Parr, the
author and editor of various literary works, an appointment
in the War Department.
Her Majesty's Theatre is advertised to be let on
lease. We do not, however, despair of the fortunes of this
noble establishment, whose artistic and aristocratic prestige
will always render it a favourite house with the public.
PRINCESS'S.—Mr. Charles Kean re-opens this
theatre for his farewell season next Saturday evening, when
the magnificently mounted and finely acted play of " The
Islereb.ant of Venice" will be performed.

LATEST NEWS.

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 18.
The news of the conclusion of the loan has, as
might be imagined, produced a considerable im-
pression on the money market. In less than a
week the pound sterling, which was varying be-
tween 173 and 178, went down to 149, and bills to
the end of the month even to 140 piastres. Since
then a slight reaction has taken place, which may
be looked upon as the death struggle of the ayio..
teurs, who try to make the most of their last mo-

ments.
The following are the terms of the concession
which was granted to the Banque Generale (Suisse)
and a number of English capitalists represented
here by Messrs. Wilkie :
" Art. 1. The Government of his Majesty the Sultan
grants to the privilege of establishing a Bank of the State
in the Ottoman Empire, of forming a company for this
purpose, and of raising the necessary capital in shares.
, This Bank will be called the Bank of Turkey.
" Art. 2. This Bank will be under the surveillance of his
Majesty the Sultan, in order that the principles of this con-
cession as well as the general laws of the empire be main-
tained.
" Art. 3. This concession is given for 30 years, and one
year before the expiration of this period the Imperial Go-
vernment will be at liberty to announce its intention of
dissolving this bank, paying to it in full the capital as well
as interest of all the sums which it may owe to this said
bank at the expiration of the concession. The bank engages
on its side to liquidate all its debts, and to withdraw all its
bank-notes in circulation against metallic.
"Art. 4. The central point of this establishment will be
at Constantinople, but the bank will be at liberty to esta-
blish, with the authorisation of the Government, branch
banks or agencies in all parts of the empire where the com-
merce might require them, and special regulations concern-
ing the circulation of notes and other operations of these
branch banks will be adopted in concert with the Imperial
Government, and published.
"Art. 5. This bank will have the right of doing banking
business—that of discounting and making advances on all
kinds of securities; buying and selling bills, receiving de-
posits, and giving bank post bills.
" Art. 6. The direction of the bank will be in the hands
of a council composed of a governor, a vice-governor, four
censors, and 24 directors, of which six must be Turkish
subjects. The governor, vice-governor, and two of the
censors will be named by the Government, the rest will
be named for the first three years by the concessionnaires
and after that by the majority of the shareholders according
to the statutes of the bank. Two-thirds at least of these
directors must reside at Constantinople. The absent direc-
tors will have the right to be represented in the bank
Council by proxies.
0 Art. 7. The bank will publish every month, in one or
more Turkish and French newspapers of Constantinople, a
statement of its position.
" Art. 8. The accounts of the said bank will be examined
and balanced every six months, in order to declare the
dividend, and these accounts will be likewise published in
the newspapers.
"Art. 9. The statutes of the said bank will be drawn up
and submitted to the approbation of the Imperial Govern-
ment one month from the opening of the bank.
" Art. 10. The capital of the said bank will be
£1,000,000 sterling, with the permission to augment it to
£2,000,000 or £3,000,000, with the consent of the Govern-
ment. The bank can only begin its functions when the
capital of £1,000,000 shall be paid down ; and this payment
must have been made six months after the firman of con-
cession has been delivered to the concessionnaires against a
caution-money of £20,000 sterling.
"Art. 11. The said bank will have the exclusive privi-
lege of issuing :bank notes, which shall be a legal tender
in Constantinople, and in all parts of the empire where
branches or agencies shall have been established. These
bank-notes will be payable to the bearer at his demand in
metallique in the bank-office at Constantinople every day
except Sundays and fete days, between the hours of 10 a.m.
and 3 p.m. The bank-notes, which will be put into
circulation according to the regulations mentioned in Art. 9
by the branch establishments, must come from the Bank of
Constantinople itself, and will be payable in specie where
they have been issued---that is, by the said bank. The
bank will have the right of issuing triple the amount of the
cash in hand. As an exception only, for the first year, the
bank will emit notes but for double the amount of its bullion,
unless the remaining third be represented by Ottoman
securities in its portefueille.
" Art. 12. The Government engages not to issue any sort
of paper money, nor to accord or allow the exercise of any
such privilege in the empire to any person or company
during the term of the concession.

"Art. 13. In case of any divergency in the interpreta-
tion of some clause of the present concession, the case shall
be submitted to arbitrators, named in equal numbers by the
Government and the concessionnaires, and in case that the
votes should be equally balanced an umpire will be named.
"Art. 14. The bank will be entirely exempt from taxa-
tion on the part of the Government. The bank will accept
no bill or security negotiable in Turkey which has not on
it the Government stamp.

"Art. 15. The Government will publish a law for the
punishment of any person who might change, falsify, or
imitate the notes, or affix the. ordinary seal of the said
bank, or who should defraud th 4 said bank.
" Art. 16. The Government will afford military protec-
tion to the bank, as well as its branch establishments.
"Art. 17. At the request of the Imperial Government
the bank shall take charge of the receipts and payments
of the Government like the public banks in Europe ; and it
will keep a separate account of all transactions of this kind.
For all advances which it might make for the Government'
in anticipation of the revenues the said bank will receive
Treasury Bonds at from 30 to 90 days' date according to the
choice of the bank, which bonds will bear yearly interest of
6 per cent.

" Art. 18. In exchange for the Imperial firman of con-
cession the conceBsionnaires pledge themselves, as a security
for their execution of the contract, to pay down in the hands
of the Turkish Ambassador in England a caution money of
£20,000 sterling in money or in Ottoman securities, to be
deposited in the Bank of England to the credit of the
Turkish Government. This caution money will be restored
to the concessionnairo as soon as the Bank shall have begun
its functions at Constantinople.
"Art. 19. The said bank must begin its activity at least
six months after the handing over of the Imperial firman
of concession or the caution money will be forfeited.
"Art. 20. The Government will give to the said bank,
on lease, gratis, the ground necessary for the construction
of a convenient bank building. At the end of the conces-
sion this ground will go back to the Government, which
will refund to the bank the cost of the building.
" Art. 21. It is agreed that in case at any time during the
concession the Bank should lose one-third of its capital,
(which God forbid!) the Government should have the right
if it thought it necessary, to oblige the bank to liquidate
within a reasonable space of time."

The German Journal of Frankfort says :—" We
learn from a good source that all the Powers which
signed the treaty of Paris have addressed a collec-
tive note to Austria relative to the act of the navi-
gation of the Danube. This note mentions the
points which must be modified, and in what
manner, in order that the convention may be sanc-
tioned by the Conference of Paris which is to meet
in the course of the autumn."

We have received Turin journals of the 23d, and
those of Milan to the 22d, but they contain little
of interest. M. Lanza, the Minister of Public In-
struction, provisionally intrusted with the depart
went of Finance, is now ih Savoy, inspecting the
works in progress for rectifying the bed of the Are:
The Corriere Mercantile of Genoa, in alluding to

the conspiracy said to have been discovered at
Naples, states that Duke Prota, and Prince Camillo
Caracciolo, son of the late Prince Torello, who was
a Minister under the Constitution, have disappeared.
The poet Nicolo Sale and two journalists have been
arrested.

A Naples letter of the 21st says :—" There is
nothing of consequence going on here. The grand
procession of Pie di Grotta,' of which I sent you
an account, has been the only bustle in this city for
some months past. Their Majesties, after the cere-
mony, went back to Ischia, where they have passed
the hottest months of summer for the benefit of its
mineral waters, and to-morrow, after visiting the
cathedral, to pray at the shrine of S. Gennarsi, and
to witness the liquefaction of his blood, they leave
for Gaeta for, it is said, the winter. As to politics,
the King does not appear to think of them, and
laughs at what he hears reported in the newspapers
abroad."