The Sun.
London, England, 1858-08-30 00:00:00

9451 r. to 950 fr.; Eastern,
Southern, 54ifr. to 547 fr.
the last quotations :

700 fr. to 7021 r. 50c.; and
50c. The following were

Fr. Ct.
4 per Cents... 97
Do. end of month
3 per Cent 7O '25
Do. end of month 70 40
Bank Shares
Credit Mobilier 760
Do. account 770

Fr. Ci
• Credit Fonder 62.5
• Belgian 41
• Piedmontese 3
Roman.....
• Austrian
• Spanish Threes
Home Debt.—
WAYS.

PO 50
91 -

44 50

RAIL
Cash

—Fr. Ct. Account—Fr. Ct.
Orleans
Northern
New ditto BO7 50 .. 810
Lyons & Mediterranean 822 59
.. 822 50
New ditto .. - .. -
Geneva - • • 610
..
Midi
Western . . 622 50 ..
Eastern
Grand Central —
Sardinian
Austrian ..... 042 50

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE PERSIA.
LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY.

This forenoon the royal mail steamship Persia,
Capt. C. H. E. Judkins, arrived in the Mersey, from
New York, with advices from thence to the 18th
inst. The Persia brings 188 passengers, and $695,462
in specie.

On Sunday, the 22d, the Persia reached St. John's,
Newfoundland, and, after receiving on board the
mails and passengers of the Europa, proceeded on
her homeward course the same day, arriving off this
port at 4 a.m., where she waited the flowing of the
tide, to enable her to cross the bar and enter the
river.

The screw steamship Saxonia, from Bremen and
Southampton, arrived at New York on the evening
of the 17th, and the screw steamer City of Washing-
ton, from hence, was off the port on the 18th.
The excitement incident in the United States upon
the completion of the laying of the Atlantic tele-
graph cable had received an impetus by the receipt
of the Queen's message to the President. On the
17th an intense excitement prevailed amongst all
classes of the citizens of New York, in consequence
of the despatches" from the Queen and President,
which were published in the morning newspapers.
Many were incredulous, believing the news too good
to be true ; but the confirmatory despatches pub-
lished during the day, and the publicity given to the
Queen's message in full, dissipated all doubts, and the
rejoicing was universal. On 'Change, in the street,
on ferry boatq, in all the marts of trade, and in every
family circle, the one topic of conversation was the
cable and the Queen's message. Without any par-
ticular request on the part of the authorities, the
citizens readily resolved to celebrate this great
event becomingly. Business was in good part sus-
pended, and an unusual number of people thronged
the streets, expecting some sort of turn out. All
the public buildings and hotels had the national flags
flying throughout the day. The city arms and the
stars and stripes waved over the City Hall. One of
the features of these flag decorations was the inter-
national character they assumed. The colours, not
of our own, but of every nation were represented, to
typify the union of diverse nationalities as a conse-
quence of the success of the cable. The shipping in
the harbour were also similarly decorated, and the
coup d' cell on entering the port presented by the
numberless streamers was magnificent. The demand
for newspapers early in the day was very great, and
it is probable that not so many were sold in one day
since the loss of the Arctic. In the evening the dis-
play was exceedingly brilliant. The exhibition of
fireworks, the salutes of artillery, and the illumina-
tions, altogether made up a demonstration never
before equalled.
In other portions of the United States and in Bri-
tish America the demonstrations were also most
hearty. Telegraphic news from Boston to New York
thus characterises the demonstration there :
" The telegraphic celebration in this city to-night is only
equalled by our Fourth of July demonstrations. Thousands
of citizens crowd the streets. Among the most conspicuous
buildings illuminated are the City Hall, the Public Library,
the Journal and Transcr;pt newspaper offices, and the
Parker House. The Common presents a magnificent ap-
pearance, bung illuminated by thousands of coloured lan-
terns attached to the forest of trees. The 2d Regiment of
Infantry is being reviewed on the Common, while several
bands of music engaged for the occasion enliven the scene
with the national airs of America and England. The statue
of Franklin, in front of the City Hall, is wreathed with
flowers and his name made conspicuous in letters of gaslight
from the façade of the building. Rockets are flying in all
directions. Though hastily got up the demonstration is
grand—worthy of the occasion. In Charlestown, Chelsea,
Cambridge, Roxbury, and other cities and towns adjoining,
the event was also appropriately celebrated to-night. There
has been a general jubilee all around."
A despatch of the 17th from Halifax says :
" As soon as it was intimated yesterday afternoon that the
Queen's message to the President had passed through Nova
Scotia, royal salutes were fired from the citadel and flag
ships. Flags were displayed in all parts of the city. To-day
the greatest enthusiasm prevailed, and every available piece
of bunting Is flying in all the provincial towns. The an-
nouncement of the Queen's message and President's reply
were received smith bursts of intense joy. resulie meetings
have been held, and preparations are making to celebrate
the event."
The Governor-General of Canada transmitted the
following letter to the Queen :
" The Hon. the Secretary of State for the Colonies, London,
England.
" The Governor-General of British North America pre-
sents his humble duty to the Queen, and respectfully con-
gratulates her Majesty on the completion of the telegraphic
communication between Great Britain and these colonies.
EDMUND HEAD."
Shortly after midnight of the New York celebra-
tion the cupola of the City Hall was discovered to be
on fire, and the flames spread so rapidly that it was
soon all in a blaze. The firemen were promptly on
the spot, but no efforts on their part could' stop the
fury of the conflagration. The cupola and upper
part of the building were completely destroyed, and
the pictures in the governor's room, as well as other
property in the hall, no doubt are much injured, if
not totally destroyed. The fire originated from the
pyrotechnic display, and its progress is doubtless due
to carelessness on the part of the person who had the
building in charge.
The political news by this arrival is comprised in
the following letter from Washington, dated the
16th :

" The President appeared at the White House before nine
o'clock this morning, and proceeded to look into the accu-
mulated business requiring his attention and that of the
Cabinet. He seems as fresh and vigorous as a man of 40
years, and expresses himself as much pleased with the com-
plexion of political affairs, as indicated by the results of the
late elections in Missouri, and North Carolina. He regards
them in the light of a general approval of his course by the
people of those States, and the effect is unquestionably to
strengthen his Administration. There will be a Cabinet
meeting to-morrow. Gen. Cass was at the State depart-
ment to-day, attending to his official duties. He had the
Cass-Herran treaty, as modified, under consideration, and
it is expected that it will be discussed before the Cabinet
to-morrow. The general intends leaving the city for a
short sojourn at Stonington, Conn., as soon as this matter
is definitely settled. It is becoming more evident daily
that a vigorous and energetic policy must be pursued by
our Government toward all the Central and South American
republics. The instability of those Governments, and the
revolutionary character of the people, render it nearly
useless to treat with them, unless we can have some better
guarantee for the performance of their portion of the com-
pacts than their short-lived Governments afford. We have
bad treaty after treaty with Mexico, Central America, and
Granada, which are of little or no use, because after the
parties with whom they negotiated have been overthrown
they have been repudiated by their successors, who,
in their turn, would offer negotiations upon a new
basis. Hence we are always treating, but never know
exactly what we may depend upon. In this view of the
ease it has been suggested that our Government may find
it necessary to invite negotiations with all the South and
Central American countries upon commercial and postal
matters. The object will be to encourage a reciprocal
trade which shall be trammelled with as few restrictions as
possible, and in order to give protection and facility to such
trade and to foster the best feelings and most intimate rela-
tions between the people, the treaties will provide for the
regular transmission of the mails in armed steamers, which
will be at the same time fit for the transportation of pas-
sengers, mails and freight, and for the protection of com-
merce or the enforcement of treaties. We shall thus establish
a commercial protectorate overoarsister republics on this con-
tinent. Gen. Jerez informally called at the State Department
this morning, but did not communicate the object of his
mission. He is nudoutedly charged with a special mission,
perhaps connected with the transit route in some way. It
is hardly probable that our Government will meddle with
these opposing interests for the benefit of a few stockjebbers
in Wall-street. Our trade with all Central America is less
than half a million of dollars, and the route is not absolutely
necessary to the transaction of business; and yet a handful
of people and two or three competing transportation lines
which had same stock to be gambled in, have succeeded
in distracting the attention of two or three Adminis-
trations, and nearly precipitated us into a war, while
far more important interests have suffered from
want of the fostering care of Government. There is
Brazil, a powerful nation, with whom we have a commerce
of twenty-seven millions, and no steam facilities. We
trade nine millions with Mexico, sixty with Cuba, seven
and a half with Porto Rico, five with Hayti, four and a half
with New Granada, five with Venezuela, one and a quarter
with Uruguay, four with the Argentine republic, six and a
half with Chili, and fifteen more with the West Indies, and
yet with Au time contrite %it fpcilitiee are very imperfect,