The Sun.
London, England, 1867-09-14 00:00:00

wildest flight till they are arrested by the mud walls
of Morocco. This story of oppression is happy
in its illustration of the benefits conferred on his
race by Sir Moses Monteflore. That great Hebrew
philanthropist, after successfully achieving the
amelioration of the laws against the Jews in
Marocco, carried his labours into a new field, and
has just accomplished in Roumania results similar
to those obtained in West Barbary. It was in his
eightieth year that Sir Moses undertook the task of
employing the wealth and influence which had re-
warded a long life of successful industry in
personally carrying into effect the designs he had
for army years entertained. The name of Moses
Monteilore will be long remembered with veneration
by the tribes of Judah, and although he has
attained to the dignity of a baronet of this realm
he will hereafter be better known by the children
of Israel as the great philanthropist of their race.

PEACE 7HE NORMAL CONDITION OF
7HE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

The following letter has been addressed to the
editor of the Anglo-American Times:—

Sir,---The constitution of the United States was
framed by men whose highest purpose was to lay
the foundation and erect the superstructure of a
peaceful republic. Hence peace is its normal state.
During a great part of the period, from 1783 to
1812, Europe was one vast war camp; but America
was neutral and enjoyed peace. By the meshes of
the slave party, and by departing from the prin-
ciples of its founders, the nation was drawn in
1812, into a war with England. After three years
it returned to its normal state, and no war took
place till 1846 ; when, by the plottings of the slave
party, it was blindly led into the war with Mexico.
Peace was soon restored and continued till the
breaking out of the slaveholders' rebellion.
The principles and working of the Federal and
States Government never caused a war. Each war
arose from the slaveholders, who were jealous for
their system. Hence their attempt to protect it led
them early in the history of the Government to de-
stroy harmony between the Federal and States
Government; subsequently to cause two wars with
foreign nations ; and finally to attempt to destroy
and overthrow the Government.

In 1859 the nation had been so completely
moulded by the peace-loving character of its insti-
tutions, and neither seeking nor expecting war,
that its army, all told, numbered but 15,000 men.
These had to protect the interstate relations of
thirty-two States, whose inhabitants numbered
thirty-two millions of people ; to guard on the
North 3,000 miles of frontier, bordered by British
territory ; to protect the Southern frontier, bordered
by Mexican territory ; and to defend the country from
all and sundry who might attempt to invade it.
By the surrender of Mason and Slidell, the United
States prevented a war on a disputed point of inter-
national law ; at least the law officers of the British
Crown required several days to search into the
question, and ascertain whether it was right or
wrong in law to take Mason and Slidell from the
Trent.

But the most striking fact illustrative of the
American determination for peace was the dis-
banding of more than half a million of Federal
soldiers when the Southern Generals laid down the
weapons of rebellion. This was not done for effect.
It was the natural working of the institutions of
the people. These men were speedily absorbed in
the usual daily tasks of industry in the workshops
or the fields. In character they were much like the
soldiers of Cromwell, of whom Macaulay observes
that the facility with which they returned from the
conflicts of war to their usual labour at home seemed
to be a pecular feature in their character. People
believe deeds in preference to words. The speeches
of the Emperor of France fail to quiet the fears
which have been aroused by his measuref‘to enlarge
the army.

Now though there are several strong securities
for peace between Euglakd and America, the peace-
able foundation on which the Republic rests is the
strongest of all. When Tyler was President of the
United States some long cannon were cast to over-
come Mexico, and compel it to give up Texas to the
United States. One of these was called the "peace-
maker." It was being tried on board a steamship
and exploded, killing two slaveholders, Mr. Upsher,
Secretary of State, and Mr. Gilmer, Secretary of
War. Mr. Elihu Burritt, the American Consul at
Birmingham, considers a sack of flour a very good
" peacemaker." He observed that people who ob-
tain their meal from the same bag are not apt to
quarrel. This is true. The first effect of any diffi-
culty with America would be to cut off its supply of
breadstuffs, and increase the price of bread, a
very unpopular thing to do. The national debt
of England has not operated as a peacemaker—a
debt which it is not considered practicable to pay—
and hence there is no popular feeling in favour of
doing so. The case is different, however, in the
United States. The payment of its national debt is
regarded as required alike by duty and honour, and
hence there is a popular feeling in its favour. As
war would prevent this payment, the debt is virtu-
ally a peacemaker.

There have been several points of controversy
between England and America, which have been
amicably adjusted by the hood sense and good feel-
ing of the Governments and the Ambassadors—as
the Maine boundary, the Oregon territory, the sur-
render of refugee slaves, and the right of search, the
last being settled by President Lincoln.
We have, then, as arguments for lasting and un-
broken peace between England and America, the
institutions of America expressly designed to secure
peace ; the extinction of slavery the only real ele-
ment of discord ; the precedents established by
the amicable settlement of various questions owing
to the good feeling and good sense of the Govern-
ments, Ambassadors, and people of both nations ;
the cheap bread question in England ; the desire of
the Americana to pay their national debt ; to which
may be added many others, including the com-
mercial, literary, and religious connections of both
countries, their family relationships, and their in-
creased sympathy secured by the passage of the
recent Reform Bill.

These all unite to assure us that if difficulties
should in future arise between the two Govern-
ments they will be peaceably removed, either by
arbitration or by some mode in harmony with the
friendly feeling of the two nations, and the moral
power they are exerting on the civilised world.

LONDON GAZETTE.-LAST EVENING.

WAR-OFFICE, PALL MALL, SEPT. 13.

Ist Regiment of Life Guards—Edward Mashiter Dansoy,
Gent., to be Cornet and Sub-Lieutenant, by purchase,
vice James Graham, Marquis of Graham, promoted.
4th Hussars—Captain Alexander George Montgomery
Moore to be Major, without purchase ; Lieutenant F.
Hodgkins= to be Captain, without purchase, vice
Moore; Cornet John Lambert Swale to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Hodgkinson ; Cornet Henry
Askew Cherry, from 7th Dragoon Guards, to lie Cornet
vice Swale.
Bth Hussars—Charles Henry Gregg, Gent., to be Cornet,
by purchase, vice W. T. T. L. Fleetwood, whose ap-
pointment, on the 16th October, 1866, has been can-
celled.
15th Hussars—Cornet Rochfort Hamilton Rochfort-Boyd
to bo Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Archibald Campbell
Douglas, who retires.
20th Hussars—The promotion of Veterinary Surgeon Wil-
liam Johnson, as First Class Veterinary Surgeon, to be
antedated to the Ist July.
_ _

2d Regiment of Foot—Lieut. William Patrick Oliphant
Boulderson, from the 97th Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice
Mudge, who exchanges.
6th Foot—Lieutenant Charles William Henry Wilson to
be Captain, by purchase, vice Richard Bolton, who re-
tires ; Ensign Augustus William Whitworth to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Wilson ; Edward Arthur Ball,
Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Whitworth.
10th Foot—Ensign Henry Charles Hinxman to be Lieu-
tenant, without purchase, vice Carr, promoted ; John
EJaques Wedge, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice
dward Austin, who retires.
12th Foot—Ensign Edward Turner to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Alfred Woodward, deceased ;
Ensign James Smith Gibb to be Lieutenant, by pur-
chase, vice Turner, whose promotion, by purchase, on
the 31st July, 1867, has been cancelled.
14th Foot—Ensign Powell William Symonds to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Cecil Thomas M'Mahon, who
retires ; Arthur Parry Thornton, Gent., to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Symonds.
16th Foot—Lieut. Reginald Laurence Herbert Curteis to
be Captain, by purchase, vice Robert Baret Stokes, who
retires; Ensign William Samuel Whittuck to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Curteis; William Henry
Buchan Hepburn, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase,
vice Whittuck.
19th Foot—Ensign Alfred Jas. Paterson to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Horace Arthur Wells, deceased.
20th Foot cuthbt4t George CQ11113gwood! Gent,. to be