The Sun.
London, England, 1867-01-18 00:00:00

They must teach and make progress, and merit
-would declare itself : it would create a want, and
-there would soon be a demand for it. When excel-
lence was observed it was speedily acknowledged ;
it then became attractive, and was next desired.
This was how this must proceed." The Birming-
ham Institute seems to have followed a sensible
and practical method, and has contrived to make
learning popular. The quick-witted mechanics
of the northern towns are especially filled to take
pleasure in and to profit by the advantages of such
an institution. It is very desirable, however, that
some of our practical philanthropists should devise
the scheme of an association of a kindred character
less exclusively intellectual, such as our tired arti-
sans might enjoy after their long day's manual
labour. If we could offer the workman some other
alternative than his comfortless home, and the too
attractive public-house, we should go far to diminish
the temptations to drankenness which at present
beset the weary uneducated man.

extremities, but at any rate it shows that matt( irs
are getting into a serious state, and we hope that
the Imperial Government will take warning by
these things and not push their plans too far. [Pro—
voking men to acts of indignation and irritation
will not do any good, but, on the contrary, bri)ig
things to a crisis, and perhaps do more injury th an
can be repaired for a long time. This affair of 'the
Patent is just the sort of thing that presses hem rily
on the people, and is sure to meet with most resolute
opposition. It is to be regretted that the authorities
in Vienna did not seek for something which might
have answered their purpose without thus militat-
ing against the desires of the people.
The Government of Berlin have determined to
take part in the debate on the bill that proposes to
remunerate the Deputies to the North German Par-
liament. This bill, which was introduced by two of
the members, was adopted by a majority of seventy-
two. It is as yet uncertain if the Govern-
ment will attend to this decision or not, but we
hope that they will put a decided veto
upon it, for nothing can possibly answer under such
conditions. This is the secret of a great deal of the
mischief that arises in the American Congress, and
if once this false principle takes root in the Ger-
manic Confederation we shall not have much faith
in its ultimate success or enduring character. Little
as we expect that anything of a definite nature will
come of all this fuss about German unity,
and so forth, it will be taking away what
chance there is if such mistaken notions
as those are in the ascendant and influence the
arrangements of the affair. It is almost amusing
to notice how Count BISMARCK continues to get
everything for himself and appropriates honours and
power to an extraordinary degree. lie has just
been presented with the collar of the Order of the
Annuncida by the Italian Government, and in re-
turn for this courtesy the Prussian Government has
forwarded the Order of the Black Eagle to Baron
RICA SOLI and others. This may be all very well
in its way, but we may surely demand, with some
sort of reason, why this audacious and insolent
statesman should be singled out as an hero, and
have so much stir made about him and his doings.

Flogging Garotte's in Leeds
,Gaol.

Yesterday afternoon two men who had been con-
victed at the Leeds gaol delivery of garotte robbe-
ries, and sentenced by Mr. Justice Lush to receive
two dozen strokes of the cat-o'-nine-tails each, in
addition to penal servitude, underwent the flogging
in the central hall of the gaol. The delinquent first
fastened to the triangle was Thomas Beaumont,
aged 47, who had been sentenced to five years'
penal servitude for garotting and robbing Abraham
Dickenson, at Batley, near Dewsbury. The " cat"
was a new one, which bore at the end of the handle
the seal of the Home-office. The length of the
lashes was nearly a yard, and at the extremity of
each one were three hard knots. The prisoner was
fastened to the triangle by straps at his ankles,
knees, and hands, and a leather band was placed
round the neck to prevent the lash hitting the vic-
tim in that part of his body. The " operators"
upon the occasion were two warders of the gaol,
who administered in each instance a dozen strokes
in succession. Beaumont received the first stroke
in silence, but the second extorted from him an ex-
clamation of pain, and at the third, he cried aloud
"Oh dear me." At the fifth cut he writhed a good
deal, and at the tenth showed that he was under-
going intense agony. After the twelfth stroke, and
while the " cat" was being transferred to the hands
of a more rapid executioner, the naked back was
seen to present plain marks of the severity of the
castigation. The blows given by the new whipper
fell more rapidly than those which had preceded,
and the whole of Beaumont's punishment was com-
pleted in about a minute and a half. He was
then released from the triangle and taken back to
his cell in an exhausted state. The laceration of
the flesh was obvious enough, and the " weals"
might easily have been counted. The man next
brought out for corporal punishment was a
low set but muscular young man named Michael
Guirtay, who had been sentenced to penal servitude
for ten years for a garotte robbery at Bradford.
He was out on a ticket-of-leave when he committed
this offence, having all his life been in prison. At
his trial the Judge said he had been committed no
less than 15 times, and his last sentence was five
years' penal servitude. The first descent of the I
whip made him cry " Oh," in a piteous tone, at the
second he cried out " Oh dear," after the fourth he
begged and was supplied with a drink of water ;
and at the ninth he resisted so strongly, though
without the least avail, that the framework to which
he was bound was moved slightly from its original
stand point. As the blows followed each other in
quick succession his cries of suffering were louder
and more frequent. It was in vain he asked for
mercy, or, in a dreadful paroxysm of pain, pro-
mised that he would " never do so again." A ces-
sation of his howling showed that the flogging had
been duly inflicted .‘ according to law," and he was
taken away apparently in a stronger state than the
wretched man who had preceded him. His back
was more cut up than that of Beaumont bad been,
and, though no blood followed the strokes given in
either case, there were sufficient evidences in both
of the severity of the chastisement. The surgeon of
the gaol (Mr. W. N. Price), and Mr. Keene, the
governor, superintended the castigation. Eight or
nine of 369 inmates of the gaol, who had been re-
fractory, were purposely made spectators of what
passed, with a view to deterring them from lawless
acts, for which the visiting justices have power to
order the use of the whip.

Lord HARROWBY has been delivering an interest-
ing address at the Birmingham and Midland
Institute on educational matters generally. The

noble earl is the president of the institute, and has
always taken a warm interest in its fortunes. He
expressed himself much gratified on this occasion to
find from the report that the institute was making
sound and steady progress. The statistics which
the noble earl referred to as evidencing the in-
creasing success of the association are worth
attention as significant of the tastes and
inclinations of a large proportion of the
members. In the first place, the industrial
department shown an increase of nearly 30
per cent. over last year, and nearly 300 persons are
now in attendance on the various classes; at the
corresponding period of last year there were 1,067 in
attendance on the lectures, and now there are 1,371.
This is the more encouraging, because the subjects
are purely intellectual in this department, and do
not include the lighter arts. These latter, however,
are by no means without their votaries, since the
singing class has increased in the twelvemonth from
169 to 278. This is a pleasant recreation, and the
more we can cultivate a taste for refined and inno-
cent pleasures the more temptations we shall remove
from the path of the industrious worker, who must
have diversion of some sort after exhausting toil of
mind or body. One of the most remarkable of the
additions is the Latin class. Lord lIARROWBY
professed himself no worshipper of Latin, but when
he found that after the starting of the class in the
first term there should be so many as 93 members
—" 93 who, without any immediate hope of reward,
sat down to learn a difficult language, the benefit
of which was in the future, in the development of
the mental capacity, of the understanding, as the
power of thought and expression and style—when,
he said, he saw these results they were very
encouraging, and left no doubt whatever of the
benefits to be derived from the Latin class now in 1
full operation." We are glad to find, too, that the
French class is increasing in popularity. Nothing
can better tend to remove insular prejudice, and to
widen the sympathies and extend the general know-
ledge of the industrial classes than an intimate
acquaintance with the French tongue. The stu- '
dents of science also keep up their number, and in
one department, that of chemistry, there is a con-
siderable increase. As Lord HARROWBY pointed
out, it is not only desirable, but actually necessary,
that a knowledge of chemistry should be spread among
the population of Birmingham, who are engaged
in so many industries more or less directly connected
with science. There is, however, one singular de-
ficiency, especially in a town like Birmingham, and
that is in the number of attendants upon the class
of practical mechanics. Lord lIARROWBY, in re-
ferring to the fact that there were only about twenty
students of practical mechanics out of a population
of two or three hundred thousand, attributed it to
the desire which most of the members had to get
rid of " the shop" out of working hours. Looking
at the increase in the numbers under all the heads,
it would certainly seem as if such were the true
explanation, or perhaps the majority of the
members are already well acquainted with practical
mechanics, and therefore wisely enough try to ex-
tend their knowledge in other directions. The
successful establishment of the ladies' class also
supplied Lord lIARROWBY with the opportunity for
commenting upon the great advantages which
females might derive from sound and accurate
knowledge. There had been of late, he observed,
much discussion as to the best means of employing
female labour, and the opportunities offered to
women by institutions such as this would
help greatly to solve the problem. By availing
themselves of those advantages they would
be able to become properly qualified teachers ;
and if that should not be their chosen field of
labour, they would be better qualified to enter
upon another. In reference to this question of
educated female labour, we may remark that in
America, where education is certainly not under-
valued, women 'are mainly employed for the in-
struction of the very young—a department of
education for which they are admirably qualified.
If our English girls were brought up to the
standard of an American education there would be
a wide field of honourable, useful, and profitable
exertion open to them. The present preparatory
schools convey for the most part instruction of a very
limited kind ; but if properly certificated teachers
presided over them they might become a regular
introduction to the larger boys' schools, since the
rudiments of the several branches of learning could
be best taught to very young boys by lady teachers.
The occupation, too, would be a thoroughly suitable
one, and we should be glad to see it more earnestly
taken up as a regular profession, instead of being
merely fallen back upon as a last resource in case of
an imperative necessity to earn a living.
In speaking of the character of the lectures de-
livered at the Institute, Lord lIARROWBY observed
that he thought it better very often to endeavour to
create a want rather than to wait to supply it when it
existed. They must not wait until they were asked
fora certain claw of students fora certain work.
w

TIIE DESTRUCTION OF CROYDON CHURCH.-.--
CROYDON, Jan. 17.—A vestry meeting was hold at the
Town-hall to-day, when it was resolved unanimously that
a voluntary subscription should be begun forthwith, and
that the amount to be so raised, together with the sum of
£9,200 which had been received from the churchwardens
from the insurance offices, should be applied to the resto-
ration of the church. The Vicar, on the part of himself,
his father, and family, began the subscription with £5OO,
followed in the same amount by Mr. Heath and Mr. Lewis
Loyd. Upwards of £6,000 was raised at the meeting,
towards which several handsome donations were made by
Nonconformists, including one of £lOO by Mr. Sargood.
The greatest good feeling was manifested by the most
, numerous meeting ever held in the building.
AN UNLUCKY FARMER.—A few weeks ago Mr.
Kirby, nephew of Mr. Kirby, farmer, Welham, Mallon,
was run down by a North Eastern train and narrowly
escaped being killed. Ho had only just recovered from
the injuries then received, and again got to attend on busi-
ness. On Wednesday his arm became entangled in some
of the farm machinery, and was so injured that amputation
was necessary.

STRANGE ACCIDENT WITH A REVOLVER. —On
Wednesday Mr. J. Stabler, the landlord of the Green Man
Inn, Malton, was shot through the face by a friend, who
was examining a supposed empty revolver. The pistol
had been snapped twice round by Mr. Stabbor'a son, and
was then handed to Mr. Jas. Thompson, who was in the
house, who desired to examine the motion of the hammer.
While doing this one of the barrels exploded, the charge
entering the mouth of Mr. Stabler, passing through his
cheek. Having twice missed fire, it was never supposed
the piece was charged.

A JEWISH CEMETERY AT MADRID.—The daily
papers having noticed the establishment of a Jew-
ish cemetery at Madrid, some additional information on
the subject may not be uninteresting. For four centuries
the Israelites have had no cemetery in the capital of Spain.
Our co-religionists there were obliged, when a death
occurred among them, to carry the body to France, to be
buried there. This has lately boon remedied. The Cen-
tral Consistory of Franco some months ago addressed
itself to the Minister of Worship, in order to obtain through
his intervention permission for the French Israelites
at Madrid, from the Minister for Foreign Affairs, to estab-
lish a cemetery. M. Baroche complied with the wish of
the Consistory, and the result is creditable to both Govern-
ments, as may b 3 seen from the copy of a despatch ad-
dressed by the Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs to the
French Ambassador at Madrid, the essence of which is
contained in the following extract from the document :
" If the French Israelites residing in this kingdom wish to
possess or purchase a piece of ground to bury their dead
and wall it in, without erecting either a chapel or any kind
of temple, without either a public or private worship, there
exists no obstacle to give authority for such a structure,
provided that the said Israelites will undertake it at an
opportune moment, conformably to the regulations of the
royal ordinance of November 13, 1831, in virtue of which
an analogous authorisation has been given to the English
Protestants, and in accordance with the law of Aug. 29,
1855, which permits the establishment of cemeteries for the
interment of the bodies of those who died without the pale
of the Catholic religion."—Jewish Chronicle.
THE HEALTH OF LIVERPOOL—A discussion arose
at a meeting of the Liverpool Town Council yes-
terday on a proposition of the Dock Board to erect several
large blocks of warehouses at some of the new North-end
docks. The chairman (Mr. T. C. Bowring) and several
members of the Health Committee attributed much of the
high mortality of the borough to the erection of six or seven
storied warehouses at the North Docks, which stood as a
screen, preventing the river breeze from penetrating to the
overcrowded districts. In the south end, whore these
warehouses did not exist, the mortality was not so high as
in the streets at the north end, thus shut in. The discus-
sion was adjourned togive an opportunity for conference
with the Dock Board on the question.
The Cork Examiner says a serious riot took place
on Monday night, in the Mary-street Theatre, Cork, in
which a largo audience had assembled to witness a drama-
tic performance to beg iven by a company of unparalleled
ability, if the bills were to be believed. The company was
not forthcoming, and the audience proceeded to tear down
the scenery, then to maltreat the manager, and when ejected
from the building by the police they wreaked their rage
upon the lamps, doors, and such externals as were suscep-
tible of demolition. The manager was =sired by the
polio fur protection.

THE SUN, LO.NLON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 18, 1867

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

ITALY.
THE MINISTERIAL FINANCIAL STATE-

MENT.

FLORENCE, Jan. 17, Evening.
In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies
Signor Scialoja resumed his financial statement.
With reference to the means of covering the deficit
of 185 millions, the Minister proposed to effect a
saving of 85 millions by various financial modifica-
tions and a reorganisation of the system of taxa-

tion. One of these measures of financial reform
would be to entrust the payment of State pensions
to the Bank of Deposits, which would result in a
saving to the Treasury of 17 millions, while a re-
form of the property-tax will effect a reduction of
the 16 million lire. The Minister would propose a
scheme for reforming the tax on
,landed and mov-
able property, and would shortly introduce a bill
for taxing certain manufactures, which will yield a
revenue of from 15 to 20 million lire. Another 30
millions would be produced by taxing mills.

Signor Scialoja then adverted to the progressive
increase of the public revenue and the gradual de-
crease of the expenditure, which decrease will
amount to 60 millions in 1880, at which period he
showed that the revenue and expenditure of the
State will be in equilibrium. At present the Minis-
ter declared it to be necessary to have recourse to
extraordinary means to make up the deficit of
100 millions still remaining after covering 85
millions by the above-mentioned financial reforms.
He pointed out that a lon would be impossible
under present circumstances, and that the Govern-

shire.

ment must therefore have recourse to the ecclesias-

tical property. Respecting tlfe relations between
the State and the Church, Signor Scialoja stated
that they would be modified in such a manner as to
restore full liberty to the Church and settle the'
question of the ecclesiastical property. A bill
would be brought forward taxing the ecclesiastical
property to the amount of 600 million lire, which
would suffice to cover the annual deficit until the
period at which a financial equilibrium should be
established. The Minister trusted that the clergy
would receive the scheme favourably, and that, in
entering within the pale of the common law, all
pending questions between Church and State
would be terminated.
In conclusion, Signor Scialoja entered into some
considerations relative -to the public credit of
Italy. After some observations respecting the
order to be followed in discussing the different
financial measures, the Minister stated that he ao-
cepted the motion of Signor Crispi, that the Cham-
ber should declare the discussion of the bill upon
religious liberty and for the liquidation of ecclesias-
tical property to be of an urgent character.

DUBLIN, Thursday Evening.

The Court of Queen's Bench gave judgment to-
day in the case of Denis Dowling Mulcahy. Chief
Justice Whiteside, having reviewed the case, pro-
nounced judgment for the Crown on all the points
reserved. Mr. Justice Fitzgerald and Mr. Justice
George fully concurred with the Chief Justice. Mr.
Justice O'Brien dissented on one point, holding that
a juror over 60 years of age is disqualified. The
convict was remanded to prison for the execution of
sentence.

Mr. De la Poer, M.P., has served notice of an
action for slander against Mr. Wombwell, damages
£5,000.

Severe frost continues. Snow deep in the streets.
Forty persons were brought up by the police this
morning for snowballing. Great distress among the

poor.
The inquest wss resumed this morning at Dun-
garvan. Mr. Julian addressed the jury for the
military. Nr. Waters replied. The jury returned
a verdict, with one dissentient, that death was
caused by a blow inflicted by one of the 16th Lan-
cers, who unlawfully charged the people down the
quay, four of whom were named—Sergeant-Major
Woolley, Brown, Shannon, andAtchison, and added
that they held the conduct of Major Wombwell
blameless on the occasion.

The Colliery Explosion in North Stafford-

On Wednesday, at the coroner's inquest respect-
ing the cause of the fatal coal-pit explosion in North
Staffordshire, Mr. Wynn, the Government inspector,
gave evidence at great length, showing the result of
his examination of the pit. lie said—The explo-

sion took place at or near the far end of the lower
pair of levels, where the clearest traces of the fire are
now to be seen, and extended along those levels,

dividing at the junction of the tunnel and the jig,
driving everything before it. When the fire reached
the top of the brow it smashed the doors between

the two pits and the one at the mouthing, but this
offered sufficient resistance to turn aside the blast,
and send it up the main jig towards the upper work-
ings, where the flame must have been very great to
set fire to the stable. Beyond the top of this jig
there are no traces of fire, but the blast may be
traced far beyond this point, though, owing to
the openings being so large, the resistance was

much less, and consequently tlie blast was scarcely
felt in the back workings, one man coming out
to see what was the matter ; and I may here
remark that if the poor fellows had made for
these workings instead of the main jig many
lives would have been saved. The force of the
blast must have been very great all along the tun-
nel, and in the 7ft. workings beyond the fault, where
all the doors were broken and all stoppings blown
away, whilst the sump at the bottom of the pit was
filled with broken tubs and timber, so that the cage
could not reach the landing place, which made the
work of rescue still more tedious. There can be but
little doubt in the minds of those persons who
examined the mine after the explosion that it oc-
curred in one of the lower parallel levels, and was
caused by the smoking of tobacco, the opening of a
lamp, or the firing of a shot ; but in my opinion the
real blame does not rest on the men who did either
of these things so much as on those who had the care
and control of the mine. When the shaft was sunk
to the Bft. Banbury, the downcast should have been
sunk also to the 7ft. to give a free current of air to
the Bft., the new workings in the 7ft. beyond
the fault and all below the main 7ft. level, leaving
all above to be ventilated as at present, and not
attempt to force air after it has been a vertical
height in the workings of 220 ft. down from its na-
tural outlet to workings 120 ft. still deeper. About
twelve months ago the water rose in the lower in-
clines, and caused the floor or the hill to swell or
rise, and when the water was got out the main jig was
cleansed for the purpose of sending coals down to
the tunnel, but unfortunately the airway or back
dip was not cleansed, and consequently the lower
levels would be always in a dangerous state, and
ought not to have been pushed forward. It appears
the danger was foreseen, and a new dip driven down-
wards as far as the water would allow, when another
was commenced to be driven upwards, and would
have been thirled in a few days. In many places
the main airways are contracted to an area of 16
feet, which is at all times objectionable, but the more
so when the chances of leakage are so great, and the
length of the current so unreasonably long, as by
that means the air becomes so attenuated and so
loaded with noxious gases that it becomes useless as
a ventilating medium in the later places it enters.
The discipline in the pit must have been most
lax, or smoking could not have been carried
on to the extent it was without something being
done to put a stop to it, nor could surreptitious
lamp keys have been the rule and not the excep-
tion, as is now proved to have been the case,
without those in authority winking at it ; nor
could shots have been fired in a well-regulated col-
liery in the loose way they appear to have been fired
here. lam told that a small split of air was passing
through the stopping or door on the main level to go
down the jig with a door at the bottom to turn it
along the upper of the two levels. Now, this was
useless for the purpose intended, or perhaps worse,
as it took off the pressure from the almost closed
airway, and every time the tubs went through the
door on the jig the whole of the current was liable
to pass away to the upcast shaft. With such a
mode of ventilation it was highly improper to open
so many new places at the same time, releasing gas
at every stroke, with totally inadequate means to
carry it away, and more particularly the lower
levels, which must have been at all times highly dan-
gerous. I therefore am of opinion that' the explo-
sion was caused by the want of power to ventilate
the lower workings ; that this work should not have
been pushed forward until the pit wan sunk, and,
above all, not until there was some means of venti-
lating it, which does not appear to have been
the case ; but I may here add that, had it
not been for the great barometrical fluctua-
tions during the few days preceding the explo-
sion—the barometer on Tuesday morning show-
ing a pressure equal to a column of mer-
cury of about 30.34 in., and on Thursday one of
about 29.34—it is possible that the danger might
have been tided over until the new air brow was
completed.—To the jury : I think the quantity of
the ventilation was sufficient ; my objection is to the
mode of application. There need be no other ob-
jection than the not having the back jig open, or
stopping the works until everybody was made se-
cure. Nothing should have been done that could
possibly have been done without. The upper door
did not act as a double door. It could not relieve
the lower levels. As far as it went it would venti-
late. Ido not agree that the explosion took place
in the up-brow. I believe it occurred in the level.
Thirteen or fourteen trains au hour was highly dan-
gerous at all times. It is in evidence that the jour-
ney of thewaggons only occupied a minute ; I think
that is utterly impossible. The rate would be 15
miles an hour. It would be utterly impossible to do
it with safety. The evidence of freedom from gas
does not convince me that the passage of trains
through that door does not divert the air current.
My opinion is that they were bound to be always
short of air, and that, if the door was open, it would
be impossible to ventilate the far end.
The inquiry was adjourned for a fortnight.

TILE FEMALE SEERS. —The first principle of this
new party is, that of the two sexes woman is the more
perfect being, later in growth, finer in structure, grander
in form, lighter in type. The distinctions between the
two are wide and deep, ono being allied to cherub and
seraph, the other to stallion and dog. What man is to the
gorilla, woman is to man. Female superiority is not con-
fined to a few degrees of more or less ; it is radical, organic,
lying in the quality of her brain, in the dolicay of her tis-
sues; a superiority of essence, even more than of grade.
If nature works, as it would seem, through an ascending
series, woman is the step beyond man in nature's ascent
towards the form of angelic life. And this is true, not
only of human beings, but of all beings, from the female
mollusk to the New England lady. Man is but the para-
gon of animals, while woman, by her gifts of soul, belongs
to the celestial ranks. Ho is a lord of the earth, while sh•
is a messenger Irons lietwen.—New America, by W. Lick.
wort 4 Dixon.