The Sun.
London, England, 1867-06-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 11, 1867.

crop as a very small one. He was thoroughly fami-
liar with the disposition of the negro, who would
abandon work, even on the point of starvation, to
follow people who might offer rights and privileges
new, and heretofore unenjoyed. If they abandon
the plantations, the cultivation of cotton and other
staples must cease. Hence, he held the general
belief in a large cotton crop to be an error. The
correspondent rejoices in the split the release of Mr.
vio has caused in the Republican camp. "The
Radical party," he says, " has well nigh gone to
pieces in the agitation produced." Mr. DAVIS'S
power must have had a miraculous increase since he
collapsed at Richmond, if anything affecting him
could now produce such a result. The Republi-
cans are mainly divided on the propriety of leaders
of their party coming forward as security for the late
President of the Southern Confederacy.
We give elsewhere an article from the ul
Table, which gives, with its usual force, the elevated
view of the release of JEFFERSON DAVIS, an act of
magnanimity on the part of the North, which, how-
ever strongly it may militate against the feelings'of
many individuals—soured by frightful losses—is in
accordance, with the general sentiment of the
people.—Anylo-American Times.

postal agencies and sale of British postage stamps
in the Empire.
If one literary celebrity retires from the diplo-
matic service of the United States another takes his
place. Mr. Motley leaves Vienna, while Mr. Ban-
croft enters Berlin. He fills the place of the de-
ceased Minister, Governor Wright. He is well
known to the diplomatic world, having been for-
merly Minister to St. James's. As a statesman he
attains to the post of Secretary to the Navy. Judg-
ing from the remarks of the Nation, if his literary
labours are to:be brought to a close, it is as well for
him to leave the United States. "We should think
he would be glad to tro abroad for a brief period, as
he is at present remorselessly pursued by grandsons
whose ancestors lie has assailed, and who are just
a little too much for him. His rough treatment of
Mr. Greene deprives him, too, of the sympathies
of the public under the terribly severe handling
which he in his turn has been receiving from Mr.
Schuyler, who is a much fiercer assailant than Mr.
Greene, and shows him no mercy. As the historian
has only just entered on the Revolution, the pro-
spect before him must be admitted to be troublous,
particularly as he will, before long, get down
amongst the sons, who are a more powerful and
truculent body than the grandsons."

Salmon Fishery Congress.

On Friday a large number of gentlemen, con-
servators of river fisheries, assembled at the
Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, to dis-
cuss the best means of obviating the natural and
artificial obstructions which so injuriously affect our
river fisheries at the present time. The chair was
taken by Earl Percy, and among those present were :
—Lord de Blaquiere, Sir John Scott, K.C.8., Lieu -
tenant-Colonel Haworth, the Hon Edwin B. Port-
man, Colonel Pryse, M.P., the Rev. Prebedy.lar y
Wilkinson, Mr. J. A. Blake, M.P., Mr. Higford
Burr, Mr. T. Ashworth, Mr. J. Lloyd, jun., Dr.
Peter Hood, Lieutenant-Colonel Rooke, Messrs.
Scott and Ffennell, commissioners for English
fisheries ; Mr. R. C. Whyte, Mr. H. Clark, Messrs.
Frank Buckland and Spencer Walpole, inspectors
of fisheries ; Colonel Cox, Mr. J. Dodds, Mr. S.
Ponder, Mr. IV. H. Brougham &c.
The HON. SECRETARY (Mr. Glass) stated that
many letters had been received from noblemen and
gentlemen who were unable to attend, approving of
the objects of the congress. He read extracts from
a paper sent by Sir J. Richardson, Bart., suggesting
certain changes in-the annual and weekly close sea-
sons on the Tay, and produced a paper from Mr.
Ashworth, who had also sent models of salmon lad-
ders, as had many other gentlemen. These models
were in the room, as well as a number of drawings
and plans of ladders, some of ladders now in exist-
ence, and others proposed.
Mr. F. BUCKLAND read Mr. T. Ashworth's paper,
in which he stated we might suppose our rivers to
have been a few centuries ago as prolific in salmon
as those in the State of Maine, where the produce of
the two rivers Penobscot and Kennebec, of 500 miles li
in length, had been 180,000 salmon annually be-
fore any weirs were erected, and in thirty years
this number of fish had decreased to 2,100 annually.
The paper concluded by stating that the most im-
portant question to be discussed, so far as the
English rivers were concerned, was that of provid-
ing funds to construct these indispensable means of
enabling the fish to reprodtice their species. The
conservators, might obtain authority, according to
the present law, to borrow money on the security of
the license duties ; but in rivers where the salmon '
had been nearly annihilated no adequate funds could
be raised from the license duties.
Mr. T. ASHWORTH then moved the first resolu-
tion—" That the object which the congress of fishery
proprietors, conservators, and others have in view
shall be the promotion of the cultivation of our sal-
mon rivers by giving the fish a free passage from
the sea to the sources of rivers, by the removal or
abatement of pollutions, millers' weirs, and obstruc-
tions, and to encourage the protection of the fish
from poachers whilst in the rivers, and the improve-
ment of the fishery laws."
The resolution was seconded by the Hon. E. B.
Portman, and carried.
Colonel PP.YSE, M.P., 'novel the second resolu-
tiou--" That as the salmon fisheries had to a great
extent been destroyed by weirs, it was necessary
that ladders should be erected over them."
This resolution was seconded by Mr. C. Hambro,
and agreed to.
Mr. HIGFORD Bunn moved the third resolution—.
" That as various rivers are seriously injured both
by liquid and solid poisonous matters, and as it is
necessary for public health and the supply of food
for the people.that these pollutions should be pre-
vented, further legislation is urgently needed."

Mr. JOHN LLOYD seconded the resolution, which,
after some suggestions as to the purification of
rivers was put and carried.
The Rev. Prebendary WILKINsoN: proposed that
the present committee, with power to add to their
number, be authorised to make arrangements
for future meetings of the congress, and that all
chairmen of boards of conservators be ex officio
members of the committee.

Lord DE BLAQuIERE seconded the motion,which
was agreed to.
Mr. T. ASTIWORTII proposed, and D. Peter
HOOD seconded the fifth resolution, thanking the
special comtuissioners of the salmon fisheries for
their services, regretting the death of Mr. Ffennell,
and the resignation of Mr. Eden, an 1 impressing
upon the commissioners and inspectors the necessity
of an early inspection of the numerous mill weirs and
obstructions in the salmon rivers of the kingdom.

Colonel HAWORTH called attention to the York-
shire rivers, and urged that the commissioners
should be provided with a definite plan ; and men-
tion was also made of the Devonshire rivers and
their pollutions.
Mr. SPENCER WALPOLE said that both he and
Mr. Buckland were most anxious to visit every
river, and would be glad to do so at the time
judged most suitable by the conservators. He re-
gretted the unhappy clause in the act which gave
the millowner power to remove any case of prosecu-
tion into the Queen Bench. He thought the ques-
tion of the pollution of rivers should be treated as a
national one, as affecting the national health, not
merely as a fishing question. Their efforts should
be directel to induce the country to legislate gene-
rally on the question.

The reiolution was passed, and the meeting then
discussed the various advantages of the models and
plans, which were explained by their exhibitors.

PARAGUAY.

The little State of Paraguay, away in the interior
of South America, is too far removed from the
civilised world too closely surrounded and shut in by
its bitter enemies to be able to engage attention. Yet
the struggle it maintains against the combined Empire
of Brazil, the Argentine, and Uruguayan Republics
will, when fully known, excite the admiration of
mankind. At the fork of the rivers Paraguay and
Parana a force of little less than 50,000 invaders
is encamped, with a fleet of 10 ironclads, 14 other
vessels of war, and more than thirty transports.
The left, of this strong army rests on the fortress
Curuzu, which stands on the banks of the Paraguay.
That fortress is held by the Second Brazilian Corps
d'Armde under the command of Viscount PORTO
ALEGRE, who gained for the allies almost their only
triumph over General LOPEZ in the capture of this
position. The Brazilian fleet is anchored off the
Fort, and communication is, by a difficult and
round-about way, maintained with the rest of
the army encamped at Tuyuty under the Bra-
zilian Field Marshal, the Marquis of CAXIAS,
four miles distant, as the crow flies. The right
of the main army is covered by a morass, and
its left is in connection with a lake commu-
nicating with the river Paraguay. The great
stronghold of the country is Humaitai but there
is another alittle lower down called Curupaity, and in
front of these fortifications tie Paraguayan Presi-
dent has blockaded the river with torpedos and stock-
ades, which have as yet prevented the passage of the
Brazilian fleet. LOPEZ'S main position is at Britts,
his right resting on the fortresses of Humaita and
Curupaity, and his left so placed that he can either
reinforce strongly both fortresses or throw all his
strength to check an advance of the Marquis of
CAXIAS. Between him and the Allies the ground
is rendered difficult by marshes, lakes, and jungles.
The plan of the Allies was to advance to the attack
of Las Rojas, the extreme left of the Paraguayan
position, and in case of success, which would turn
the position of Lopez, throwing him back on his
forts, to move straight on Assumption, the capital,
leaving the two fortifications to the left. A simul-
taneous movement will be fiaade by General OSORIO
with a force of about 3,000 men, to be rein-
forced by as many more on the move to join him at
Candelaria, whence he will cross the river Parana
into Paraguay, and march direct to the capi-
tal, distant about 240 miles by a good road
through an open country: These attacks by
the land fords will be supplemented by the
advance of the fleet, which, under cover of
the iron-clads, was to run the gauntlet of the forts.
If successful in this, there will be no impediment to
their advance on the capital, and the difficulties of
the Paraguayan dictator will be almost overwhelming.
However, it is easier to plan than to carry out, par-
ticularly against so devoted a baud as that com-
manded by LOPEZ. By ai vices from Buenos
Ayres of the 26th of April we learn that General
ORM ALEGRE had been compelled to evacuate
Curuzu, cholera having broken out in the fortress.
Dams Ayres was ravaged by the plague, the popu-

lation had in vast numbers fled from the town, where
the deaths in one day had amounted to 100. Instead
of the attack by the Allies in conformity with their
programme, the Paraguayan Army had become
more troublesome, showing no signs of ex-
haustion, but on the contrary an increased ac-
tivity. Indeed the Brazilians appear to be in
a bad way, between cholera on the one side,
and their indefatigable enemy on the other. The
advices from Rio de Janeiro, of May 9, state, that
the mediation of the United States between the
belligerents had been formally declined by the
Brazilian Government. No. doubt Brazil desires to
await the result of her last great effort, in which, if
she be defeated, her prestige among the nations
of South America, now materially damaged,
will be destroyed. The financial difficulties of
the invasion may be estimated by the fact that
the war costs her a million of dollars a day. On
the whole this enterprise bids fair to teach that
bully a useful lesson. She commenced the campaign
in concert with her allies with a fool-hardy certainty
of immediate conquest, and before she had moved
a soldier she had settled the future disposition of
the Paraguayan Republic. Two facts have been
accomplished—the one, the future abolition of
slavery in the empire; the other, a heavy and in-
creasing national burden. As LOPEZ cannot com-
municate with the sea, we have only the accounts
of the Allies, which are meagre in the highest
degree. Had they anything to boast of we would
hear more from the theatre of battle, but no doubt
when peace is concluded General LOPEZ will furnish
to Europe—if he be still in the land of the living—
a Paraguayan history of the war. The circum-
stances of the campaigns tell strongly in his favour.
He has used the resources of his small state
so as to withstand the combined invasion of
nearly every nation around his own, led by
an empire bearing the proportion to his country
that the United States do to Kentucky. LOPEZ
exercises the most absolute control over his fellow-
citizens, who seem to devote themselves un-
reservedly to his cause. The war has furnished
numerous examples of his men electing certain death
in obedience to orders, or where an advantage could
be gained by such a sacrifice. The inhabitants
seem to act as one man, giving up their property as
readily as their lives in defence of their country.
Hence their strength ; and in future years, when
the details of their War of Independence—or of
subjugation—is told, a thrilling chapter will be added
to the History of Struggles for Freedom.—Aizglo-
Anzerican Times.

THE AMERICAN CONSUL AND TILE CHAMBER OF
COMMEILCE.—On Thursday afternoon a deputation from
the Chamber of Commerce, consisting of Messrs. Charles
Atkinson, R. Jackson, S. Butcher, Joshua Moss, Thos.
Jessop, Mark Firth, and W. C. Corsan, accompanied by
Mr. Wm. Smith, secretary, and Ald. Fisher, had a lengthy
interview with Mr. Abbott, the American consul, with
reference to the requirements ho has been enforcing
for the verification of invoices of goods exported to the
United States. Those requirements, as our readers are
aware, have been looked upon by many merchants as un-
necessarily severe and vexatious, and this deputation was
appointed by the Chamber of Commerce to mako repre-
sentations to Mr. Abbott on the subject. Mr. Abbott, in
reply, traced at some length the rise of the present
system of collecting the revenue, and showed from the
successive acts of Congress and from the instructions of
the Secretary of the Treasury, that previous to the com-
mencement of the present dispute he had distinct instructions
to call for invoices, and directions to use his dis-
cretion as to the 'means lie took for the detection
or prevention of fraud. He said that he had
selected the plan of calling for the invoices as
the' least inconvenient method of putting his in-
structions into effect, for he had been given to
understand that calling for samples would be par-
ticularly offensive, costly, and troublesome. He informed
the deputation that it was a mistake to suppose that the
original invoices were required only in Sheffield. They
had been demanded in both Leeds and Bradford since
July last, and ho read letters received from his Govern-
ment entirely sustaining him in the course he had adopted.
The interview assumed the character of an infcrmal and
friendly conversation. In the end it was understood that
the deputation would recommend to the Chamber of Com-
merce the drawing up of a formal document to Mr. Abbott,
suggesting a certain method, by which it was believed that
while the check the consul would have on dishonourable
traders would not be lessened, merchants would be able
to transact their business without the inconvenience or
trouble of which they now complain. Mr. Abbott under-
took to submit such suggestions to his Government,
and hopes were expressed that the Treasury De-
partment would authorise him to adopt the proposed plan.
The above from the Sheffield independent, will show that
our consul at Sheffield, Mr. Abbott, who has been so
violently assailed by certain merchants there for insisting
on the production of invoices or bills of sale, to be by him
certified there, has entirely vindicated himself, and shown
that he has acted in exactvonformity with the instructions of
the State Department. If the Chamber of Commerce of
Sheffield can suggest any other method less objectionable
to the Sheffield merchants than that ordered by the State
Department, and equally efficient in checking dishonour-
able traders, we are sure that neither Mr. Abbott nor Mr.
Seward would refuse to adopt it. Meantime, Mr. Abbott
stands fully justified.—lron Age.

TILE EMPEROR ALEXANDER. —Alexander the
Second has a firm carriage, almost too rapid a walk
to be called " dignified," and yet at once you feel that he is
" every inch a king." He has moral as well as physical
dignity in his manner and address when he pauses and
speaks ; his eyes are blue and luminous —but sometimes,
when the brow is drawn down, in observation, for instance,
they darken into severity. His complexion is fair, but
slightly bronzed ; his hair in youth must have been very
light—it is now a soft brown, cut short; his moustache,
like all the moustaches of the present day, is cultivated and
cared for. His Majesty spoke little, but observed a great
deal. Ho passed close to us twice ; returned the quiet but
earnest salutations of the assembly, with smiles rather
than bows—very sweet smiles for a gentleman who has
numbered forty-nine years, when smiles generally suggest
wrinkles ; but the Emperor of Russia's smiles will be
sweet to the last, because they'are not frequent, but sin-
cere, and his lips and eyes smile in harmony.—Mrs. S. C.
flail in the "Birmingham Daily Gazette."
The bars in all the hotels at Boston were closed
on Saturday night, May 18, and will remain shut for the
present. " Henceforward," says the Post pathetically,
"there will bo no bitters in the morning, punches at noon,
or smashes at night—only water and lemonade, or other
anti-spirituous concoctions."

In a coal mine, near Akron, Ohio, recently, a
miner, haying prepared a blast and set fire to the match,
retired to an adjoining "room" for safety. After waiting
a reasonable time, and the blast seeming to "hold fire,'
he approached to a point where he could, with his body
protected, peep around a corner to see what was going on.
Just then the charge exploded, shooting the priming rod
(a piece of gas pipe) through the man's head. Strange to
say, he was alive and answered some questions more than
24 hours after the occurrence.

Shubael Hutchins, of Providence, died on Mon-
day, May 20, aged 71 years. Ho was President of the
American Bank, and represented the city for several years
in the Legislature.

John E. Butler, of Jamaica, a leading member of
the Windham county bar, and for four years a member of
the Legislature, died suddenly at Beaufort, South Caro-
lina, on Thursday of last week, where ho had gone to visit
a sick son.

The Comptroller of the Currency has appointed
E. M. Sherman, President of the Old Colony National bank
of Plymouth, Examiner of National Banks in the Counties
of Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Worcester,
Bristol, Plymouth, Barnstable, Dukes, and Nantucket, in
place of C. R. Ransom, resigned. The latter retains his
office for the rest of the State.

The Ames family of Easton return an aggregate
income for 1866 of $237,312, as follows :—Oakes A. Ames
$27,851, Oliver Ames $156,123, Oliver Ames, 2d, $25,831,
Frederick L. Amos $27,514. The making of shnvels and
speculating in railroads aro the sources of these princely
incomes.

Ex-President Pierce is just completing his new
summer residence at Rye Beach on the picturesque bluff
known as Little Boar's Head, near the Atlantic House.
[ADVERTISEMENT.] Consumption, and all nervous, bilious,
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July 25. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, timber mer-
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