The Sun.
London, England, 1858-09-16 00:00:00

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,llowine• are amongst the advantages offered by the
lonal Life Assurance Society:—
()clay was established in 1838.
hirds of theiprofits are divided amongst the assured
e yeam

. . .
Its subscribed capital is lire hundred thousand pounds.
Its investments, at the date of the last annual report,
amounted to one hundred and seventy-one thousand pounds.
Its annual income is ninety thousand pounds. •
The number of policies now in force exceed six thousand.
About one thousand new policies are 'added every year.
Sike its commencement the Society has paid in claims
upwards of three hundred and twenty thousand pounds.
Fbr prospectuses and every other information, apply to the
Chairman, 142, Strand

F.DMOND S. SYMES, Chairman.
142, Strand, London, W.C.

NO MORE PILLS NOR ANY .OTHER MEDICINE.
Indigestion (Dyspepsia), Constipation, Flatulency, Phlegm,
Nervousness, Biliousness, Liver Complaints, Hysteria,
NAirllgia, Sleeplessness, Acidity, Palpitation, Heartburn,
Eruptions, Impurities, Irritability, Low Spirits, Diarrhoea,
Hemorrhoids, Headache, Debility, Despondency, Cramps,
Spasms, Nausea, and Sickness (during pregnancy or at see),
Sinking,- Fits, Cough, Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption,.
also Children's Complaints, effectually removed by
BARRY'SI)UREVAI E N TAARdAeRlIieCir FOOD, HOlavlhtilaccißseaysteosrfiinfe;
times its cost in other reinsdieS in illness, and is, moreover,
the best food for infants and invalids generally, as it is the,
only food which never turns acid on the weakest stomach, nor
Interferes with a good liberal diet, but imparts a healthy relish
for lunch and dinner, and restores the faculty of digestion,
and nervous and muscular energy to the most enfeebled.
We extract a few out of the many thousand expressions of
gratitude from invalids :—Cure No. 71, of dyspepsia, from the
Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies—" I have derived con-
sitlerlible benefit from Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica. Food,
and consider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise
the publication of these lines. Stuart de Decies." Cure No.
49,332. " Fifty years' indescribable agonyfrom dyspepsia, ner-
vonsnesa, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms,
sickneas at the Stomach, and vomiting, have been removed by
Dii Barry's excellent Feed. Maria Jolly, Wortham Ling, near
Piss, Norfolk" Cure No. 47,1e1. Miss Elizabeth ,Tacobs, of
Na zip.a.. V i ce rage: Waltham Cross, H.erts, a cure of extreme net',
vousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and neryous4 an-
des. ' Cure No. 48,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near
Liverpool : a cured' ten years'alvspepsia, and all the horrors
of nervous irritability. Cure No. 18,216. Dr. And rew Urc, of con-
stipation, dyspepsia, nervous irritability. Cure No. 34,210.
Dr. Shorland, of dropsy and debility. Cure No. 30,212. Cap-
tain Allan, of epileptic fits. Cure No. 40,118. Ma'or Edie, of
enlargement of the liver. and total prostration of strength.
Cure No. 33,418. Rev. Dr. Minster, of cramps, spasms, and
daily Fomitings. Cure No. 20,418. Dr. Harvey, of diarhoea
and debility. Cure No. 39,028. Dr. Wurtzer, of consumption.
Cure No. 32,830. Wm. Hunt, Esq., barrister, of paralysis.
Cure No. 40,270. •Mr. James Roberts, wood merchant, Frimley,
of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting, of blood, liver de-
rangement, partial deafness. Cure No. 58.810. Mrs. Hoize,
aged 107 years, of dyspepsia(indip.-,estion), debility, irritability,
and nervousness, which had tormented her for 70 years. Cure
No. 58,814. Mr. Samuel Laxton, Leicester, of two years'
diarrhoea. Cure No. 52,312. The Dowager Countess of Castle-
Stuart, of Many years' nervous irritability, bile, and indiges-
tion. Cure No. 54,812. Miss Virginia Zegners, cured of con.
sumption, after her medical advisers had abandoned all hopes of
recovery. Cure No. 180. "Twenty-five years' nervousness;
Constipation, indigestion, and debility, f rom which I have suf-
fered great misery, and which no medicine could remove or
relieve, have been effectually. cured b-; Du Barry's Food in a
Very short time. W. Ti. Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London."
No. 4,208. "Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility.
with cramps. spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had
Consulted the advice of many, have been effectually
cured by Du Barry's health-restoring Food. I shall
he happy to Ammer any inquiries. Rev John W.
Flavell, Riddlington Rectory, Norfolk." !No. 32,830. "Three
Years' excessive nervousness, with pains in my neck and left
arm, and general debility, which rendered my life very
Miserable, has been radically removed by Du Barry's health
restorhig Food. Alex. Stuart, Archdeacon of Wogs, Skib-
bereea.." Cure No. 3,900. "Thirteen years' cough, indiges-
tion, and reneral debility have been removed by I)u Barry's
excellent Reyalenta Arabica Food. James Porter, Athol-
street Perth."

Important Caution against the fearful danger of spurious
imitations:— • *
The Vice-Chancellor Sir William Page Wood granted an
injunction on the 10th March, 18.54, against Alfred Hooper
Veyille.-for imitating "Du Barry's Revalenta .A rabica Food."
Suitably packed for all climates, and with all instructions.
In canistci s, Ilb., 2s. 9d. • 21b.. 45. ed. ; 121 b., 225. Super re-,
hncd quality 11b., es. ; ; Mb., 228; 101 b., 335. The
101 b. and 12th. canisters are forwarded carriage free, on re-
'Pint of Post-office order. Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-
street; London ; Fortnum. Mason, and Co., purveyors to her
Majesty, 182, Piccadilly ; James Well, 48, Sloane-street ; also
'lt 60, Gracechurcb-street ; 330, 430, and 451, Strand ; 94
Cheapside ; and 60,:tiBishopsgate•street ,/ 03 150, and 1961,
• zford-stree t.

-ROYAL GARDENS, VAUXHALL.
—OPEN, Wet or Dry, EVERY EVENING.—TO-
NIGHT, and during the week, the Concert in the Handel
Orchestra will be supported by Mr. P. Cord. Master Haydn
Cord, Mr. C. Simian, Mr. Elijah Taylor, Mr. Russell Grovtr,
and Mrs. Lawrence. On the Ballet stage, Mr. 0. Thomp-
son, in his delineations of the Grecian Statues.—Mr. James
Robinson, the Great American bare back rider (last week of
his engagement), in the Cirque Imperial, in copjunction with
the new successful Company of Equestrians, under the direc-
tion of her Majesty's Clown, H. Croueste, including Madame
Blanche, the Equestrian Magnet, and the Decanter Equi-
librist. Clowns Croueste and Felix Saffarini. Illuminations
and Fireworks of unequalled brilliancy. Wonderful
rope Ascent by Signor Duvalli. Dancing on the Leviathan
Platform at Nine, and after the fireworks. On FRIDAY, A
Grand Night Ascent of the Royal Vauxhall Balloon, piloted
by Captain Adams, jun. Hours of. Admission from Monday
to Friday, at Seven ; Saturdays at Three. Military Bands
at Four. Chapino's Troupe in Maypole and country dances
until Six, When the usual performances commence.—Admis-
sion, ls. ,• children, -C*l.- • Open on Sundays : refreshment
ticket, 6d.

THORLEY'S FOOD FOR CATTLE.
It is only a short time since this singularly efficacious
article of animal diet first made its appearance; and already
its celebrity is world-wide. It has been a subject of wonder,
and has puzzled many a brain to explain how this has been
brought about. Yet when we are acquainted with a few facts
concerning the food, our wonder will cease. A few days since,
a gentleman wrote, stating 'that he had a horse which was a
" perfect bag of bones." He tried all kinds of thing's to get
the animal into condition, but in vain. He then bou•ht some
of Thorley's food; and he says the effect was wonderful. The
horse rapidly grew fat, and in the course of a few weeks had
gained no less than 12 stones. Again we find at the late agri-
cultural shows at Birmingham, Cardiff, &c., the animals which
carried off the highest prizes had been partly fed with Thor-
ley's food for cattle. Such facts speak for themselves, and we
are forced to the conclusion that its celebrity arises solely
from its own intrinsic merits, and the great demand for it can
proceed alone from the good opinion and testimony of those
who have tried it. All parties interested in horses and cattle
will do well to apply to' 77, New ate-street, London, for a
pamphlet which is sent post-free.

ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE
INCAPACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New and improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, illustrated
by 100 Anatomical Coloured EngravingS on Steel, just pub-
lished, price, free by post, Is.
HE SILENT FRIEND : A Medical Work
T on the physical exhaustion and decay of the frame, from
the effects of solitary indulgence, infection, and the injurious
consequences from the use of Mercury: with observations on
the obligations of marriage, and directions for obviating cer-
tain disqualifications. By R: and L. PERRY and Co.,- Sur-
geons. Consultations as usual (see page 197). Sold byJ. Allen,
20, Warwick-lane, Paternoster-row; Sanger, 160, Oxford-
street; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street, London.
The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is employed in both
sexes to renovate the impaired nowers of life. Its action is
purely balsamic: its power in relw,igoratt7g the frame in all
cases of nervous and sexual debility, obstinate gleets, impo-
tency, barrenness, anddebilities arising from venereal excesses,
has been demonstrated by its unvarying mess in thousands of
cases. Price lls. per bottle, or four quantities in one for 335.,
which saves lls. •

The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE, an
anti-syphilitic remedy, for purifying' the system, and is recom-
mended for any of the varied forms of secondary symptoms,
such as eruptions on the skin, blotches on the head and face, en -
largemen ts of the throat, tonsils, and uvula; threatened
destruction of the nose, palate, &c. Its action is purely deter-
siVe, and its beneficial influence on the system is undeniable.
Price 11s. and Ms. per bottle, also a 'laving of lls.

PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS constitute an
effectual remedy in either sex for all cases of gonorrhoea, elect,
stricture, and diseases of the urinary organs. Price 2s. Oel.,
4s. 6d., and lls. per box.
Sold by Daniel Church, 78, Gracechurch-street, City ; Bart-
ley-Hooper. 45, King William-street (four doors from London.
bridge); G. F. Watts, 17, Strand ; W. Sutton and Co., 10, Bow-
churchyard ; W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's-churchyard ; J.
Sanger, 150, Oxford Street; Hannay and Dietriehsen, C 3,
'Oxford-street ; Butler and Harding. 4, Cheapside ; Front and
Harsant, 229 Strand, and all medical vendors throughout
the United Kingdom!'

THE Z,ECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND
MATURITY. _ _

Just published, price is., post free, in an Envelope, for 13
stamps.
SELF-PRESERVATION.—A Medical Treatise
on the Functiontiand Disorders of the Generative System,
and on the cure of Nervous and Physical Debility, resulting
from vicious habits acquired during the critical passage from
youth to Manhood; with practical observations on the Phy-
siology of Marriage in its social, moral, and physical rela-
tions. To which are added remarks on the wonders of the
Microscope, in revealing the hidden mysteries "of Life within
Lite," sad its advantages in detecting', by urinary examina-
tion. the cause and effect of every variety of these complaints,
with numerous engravincrs and cases
BY SAMUEL LAIIERT,
37, BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Hono-
rary Member -of the London Hospital Medical Society, Li-
oentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c.
The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fear-
ful consequences resulting from certain habits, irregularities,
and excesses, which. have produced more misery in Youth,
de,radation in Manhood, and premature decay at all stages
of life, than, perhaps, any other class of disease known to
modern pathologists. Its perusal is particularly recommended
to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condi-
tion, and who are conscious of having hazarded the health,
happiness, and privileges to which every human being is en-
titled.
It is absolutely necessary that all men should know that
there are principles of personal management which cannot be
violated without incurring grievous penalties, and when
wisdom and regret succeed the heyday of inconsiderate self-
indulgence, how those penalties may be mitigated, how the
sting of their bitterness may be removed, and how the evil
and its consequences may be avoided, and, above all, that
there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional
derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply
a CUP. . •

Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick-lane, Paternoster-row,
and may h.: had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Horne, 10, Leicester-
square ; Gordon, 140, Leadenhall-street ; or from the Author,
who may be consulted daily, from 11 till 2, and froth 6 till 8,
at his residence, 37, Bedford-square, London.
The work may be had in India, of Mr. Von Litzky, Loll
Bazaar ; Calcutta—Messrs. C.and J. Hormusjee, Apollo-street ;
Bombay—Circulator Office; Ma dras—Me fussilite Office, Agra;
Dodsworth, Colombo, Ceylon; and of all Booksellers through-
Out the ColonieFd

description of the ceremony performed to-day it is
as well to remind you that the circumstances
under which the treaty of Tien-sin has been nego-
tiated and brought to a successful issue are widely
different to those connected with the now defunct
Treaty of Nankin. In 1842 the Ministry at home
distinctly laid down for Sir Henry Pottinger the
articles of the treaty he was directed to obtain from
the Emperor of China ; they authorised him to act
upon the aggressive, and to apply any amount of
pressure until those terms were conceded, and with-
out any wish to detract from the diplomatic skill and
decision of Sir H. Pottinger, it is but fair to say that
in Sir W. Parker and Sir Hugh Gough he was sup-
ported by two officers singularly fitted by their
enterprise and energy to bring his demands to a
speedy concession. On the present occasion it is
very evident, from what has passed at home as well
as out here, that the Ministry—whether that of
Lord Palmerston or Lord Derby—had neither made
up their minds to be at war or at peace with China ,
nor did they know what demands to make or repa-
ration to insist upon. After a grand parade in
1857 of the formidable military and naval force
which was to support the negotiations of Lord
Elgin as ambassador to the Court of Pekin, we see
him in the spring of 1858 anchored before the
entrance of the River Peiho with a solitary gunboa
and an old sailing frigate, besides the steam vesse
he was embarked in; and they only arrived in time,
owing, we hear, to his having assumed the respon-
sibility of giving the Pique and Slaney orders
which ought to have emanated from their admiral .
and when, after weeks of delay, a force did arrive:
on Lord Elgin rested not only all the responsibi-
lity of making demands which Lord Derby's Mini-
stry might in no way agree in thinking just, but
likewise of authorising acts of hostility, and then
urging and stimulating the Executive to act with
some firmness and decision in performing their part.
In 1842 it was a fair tilt between Chinese manda-
rins and Downing-street; in 1858 Lord Elgin has
had not only to contrive to keep with our sprightly
yet thin-skinned allies of France, but anxiously to
check-mate the Russian, who has no desire to see
any of us north of the latitude of the Yang-tse-
kiang as being likely to interfere with certain
annexations to come off in the Corea and Man-
chooria, and to meet the dog-in-the-manger policy of
the Americans, who know they can neither profit by
the rice and cotton of India, or the broadcloths and
hardware of England being poured 'into Northern
and Central China. Prior to the day on which it
had been arranged that the ceremony should take
place, a gunboat had been considerately despatched
from Tien-sin to bring up from the squadron, anchored
seven miles outside the Peiho river any officers who
might desire to be present; and on the 28th of
June she returned, attesting by a huge freight of
some 76 officers, with 76 full-dress cases and 76
cocked hats, the readiness with which the invita-
tion had been accepted.

On the same evening sinister rumours were
whispered about Tien-sin of an Imperial decree
having just arrived forbidding the Chinese com-
missioners to concede some very important
demands, and that the treaty was postponed. At
a later hour these tales were traced to the yamuns,
in which dwelt the Russian and American
Plenipos—" les neutres" as our witty allies term
them—and all anxiety was at once dispelled. The
20th of June came in, as every day has done sine
we have been in Tien-sin, with bright sunlight and
a cloudless sky overhead and a heard-baked earth
underfoot, through a deep crack in which rolled on
to the sea the muddy waters of the Pei-ho. Tien-
sin city, with its mud-built houses, looked as mean
and uninteresting as ever, and but for the swarms
of respectably clad Chinese who at an early hour
in the afternoon thronged the thorougfare by which
the procession was to pass it would have been hard
to say that Tien-sin cared whether peace or war
was to be the issue.

Within the British Ambassador's yamun, in and
out of which naval officers were all the day strolling,
the various secretaries and attaches ,were busily
copying *lnd preparing the articles of the treaty,
while Lord Elgin was everywhere, proving that up
to the very last minute his labours had in no way
abated. Amusing bulletins were hourly flying
about the squadron, and canards without number.
About noon some wiseacre declared he had seen
the French Admiral, and that our treaty would
not be signed. Against this appalling intelligence
some sanguine visitor to the British yamun would
roundly assert that the Secretary of Legation had
been seen calmly smoking a cheroot, or that Lord
Elgin laughed heartily and rubbed his hands at
4 p.m.—two most convincing proofs of all being
well. Then a stream of sedan-chairs poured from
the city into the yamun, and the Chinese secretaries,
Mr. Wade and Mr. Lay, could be seen in their float-
ing residence busily comparing their manuscript-
treaty with officials deputed for that purpose by the
Imperial Commissioners. Lastly, at 6 o'clock in the
evening, just as the sun began to throw strong
shadows athwart the narrow streets, and the hot
day was succeeded by the delicious evening of this
latitude, the military guard of honour fell in on the
bank of the Pei-ho, just above the point where the
Great Canal joins the stream. The Royal Engi-
neers, under Captain Lambert, R.E., the Royal
Marine Artillery of the. Sampson and Furious, un-
der Lieut. Nott, and the Marines of the squadron,
commanded by Major Boyle, of the Calcutta, consti-
tuting a force of 400 men, were divided into two
bodies, preceded by a band ormusie ; and.in the
intervening space was atranged a long stream of 30

sedan chairs, and u large body of naval officers in
full dress. A littl‘ later the French and English
squadron of gunboats; 13 in number, simultaneously
dressed with flags and manned yards-:--u. holiday
scene which called forth shouts of applause from
swarms of Chinese, whose shining polls and jet-
black tails thronged the banks as far as eye could
reach. Directly the sedan-chair in which the Am-
bassador was seated made its appearance the proces-
sion started. The French sailors cheered, the Eng-
lish responded in that deep bass which makes a
British luirrah ! so different to that of all other
nations, and the glorious strains of " God SaVe the
Queen," by the united bands of the allies, pealed
over the waters of the Pei-ho and Great Canal, and
re-echoed from the timeworn battlements of this
ancient city as if its old walls rejoiced in the tidings
of the better and more active future about to dawn
upon China. Marching down the bank of the canal
the procession crossed by a bridge/of beats to the
side on which the city stands, and then passed along
the river bank, until the open plain was reached
beyond the southern wall. Englishmen—it
is very evident---were never intended to be
carried about in sedan-chairs ; any .one doubting
such an axiom had merely to look on the
hot and uncomfortable-looking mortals boxed
up iu the wake dour ainbassador—it was unneces-*
Nary to ask them, for all looked and felt as if they
would give the world to be allowed to get out and
walk, could such a proceeding have been consistent
with the dignity becoming so great an occasion,
The only people who did not appear inclined to
suffer martyrdom on behalf of the dignity necessary
in full-dressed officials were those youthful naval
officers who had to walk for lack of sedan-chairs ;
and without desiring our countrymen to conform
to the rigid ceremonies laid down by the Board of
Rites, it must be acknowledged that the pulling of
dogs' tails, or " catching " plethoric Chinamen in
the wind, by vivacious midshipmen' or engineers of
gunboats accorded but ill with the presence of the
representative of her Majesty.
Passing over a mile of plain, which was as level
as a table, and bounded only by the horizon, the
procession proceeded to an isolated yamun or joss-
house, which had been visited by Lord Elgin on the
day negotiations commenced (June 4). The crowds
of Chinese thinned off as the distance from the city
increased, and thoSe who were present divided their
attention between curiosity to seethe barbarians and
catching locusts for their next day's meal. During the.
last fortnight all Tien-sin have been eating locusts
in a roasted state ; baskets full of them are seen at
every corner ; itinerant Vendors shout " Locusts,
fine fresh locusts !" all day long ; every bird (and
sparrows are as impertinent here as •elsewhere) may
be seen with a locust in its mouth. Gunboats report
acres of drowned locusts having been seen floating
in the river, yet there is no diminution of
them, and with all this prodigious number of
insects, sweeping herbage and crops off the
face of the province of Chili the natives do
not complain as if it was an unusual visita•
tion. The sun went down as the procession swept,
to the tune of "Bonnie Dundee," round the angle
of the Temple of the " Glory of the Ocean" and
entered its southern portal. Like the major portion
of such edifices in this -neighbourhood the Temple
stands on. an artificial mound of earth. raised some
15 feet above the level of the adjacent plain, as if
to avoid inundations. Four walls, facing most ac-
curately to the four cardinal points :of the compass,
enclosed and hid from view an acre of ground,
covered with a series of temples and porches rich
with ornament and elaborate painting, tastefully
interspersed with open courts containing fine
trees, one of the few natural productions the Chi-
nese have good taste enough to properlyupprcciate.
The grand entriincifaced to. the south, and at it a
number of mandarins and a-Chinese band received
the procession, and conducted it through the build-
ing until the most northern court was reached.
There the Sappers, Marine ArtiEery, aid Marines
formed round three sides of it, fronting a raised
place of audience evidently constructed for publi;
ceremonies. On the centre of the said platform,
which was most tastefully arranged, three tables
and chairs were placed. In the left-hand one

facing our guard sat the Mantchoo " Kweiliang,"
Senior Commissioner and Chief Secretary of State ;
on the right was the Mongol " ilwashana," Second
Commissioner and President of the Civil Board,
while the vacant seat and table between them was

..
for the British Ambassador. Oa either side from
this centre a row of chairs had been placed for the
officers of the suite, &c., and when the Imperial
Commissioners had, in conformance to Chinese
etiquette, handed Lord Elgin from his sedan-chair
to his seat in the centre, and all had taken their
respective places, the c 0,,, treed was most striking.
The ambassadors of the high contracting Powers
were not in full dress, •but behind them and
on either hand stood fully a hundred officers
of the two nations glittering in gold and gay
colours, the rich silks and embroidery of the
Chinese .contrasting pleasingly with the lace and
broadcloth of the English and French. In one
respect there was a striking difference ; it was
in the English portion of the audience being all
armed ; each one carried either musket or sword,
whereas a fan was the most formidable weapon
worn by bold mandarins who, from the number of
•
-peacocks' feathers attached to their caps, must have
.been perfect Cids in a fray. Wherever the eye
lighted upon n space free from groups of men or
officers, the background was found to be elaborately
filled up with ornaments very characteristic of the
land we were in. Highly peaked and fretted roofs,
turned up according to Chinese rules, supported
huge-mouthed demons,
.griffins, or dragons, and
screened from the weather, elegant panels, rich in
F,eroll-,voric,•or_overloaded with elaborate carvings of
pomegranate, lotus, and citron.• Among the red
coats came out in strong relief a most awe-inspiring
lion, chiselled quaintly out of stone ; such teeth,
such claws, such a tuft to the tail and Calmuck-like
expression of countenance as only a Chinese artist
could have conceived. Curious paintings hung
from the walls, and handsome scarlet cloth screens,
most elaborately embroidered in floss silk of brilliant
colours, covered every chair, table, or otherwise
bare space of woodwork, and over all the light of
the moon and a small number of pretty lanterns
shed a richly picturesque effect. In this picture,
of which I can only convey a very feeble impres-
sion, sat the three Cominissiorters in strong relief ;
and as we looked upon them, and the eye glanced
from Kweiliang to Lord Elgin the idea involun-
tarily arose that, after all, a civilisation which only
dated from the year 0 8.C., when that much to be
lauded standard bearer of the Tenth Legion
struggled with a set of naked painted savages on
Deal beach, decidedly carried off the palm against
one which went back beyond the deluge—aye, half--a-
dozen deluges—for the intellect and vigour stamped
upon every look, word, and action of the Scottish
Earl formed a fine contrast to the highly polished
surface which ill concealed the subtle cunning of
the Pekinese official.

has fine features,
Kweiliang, now 74 years of age,
with a generally pleasing expression of counte-
nance. Polished in address, and with a high re-
putation for intelligence, there is still something
wanting to convince one of his sincerity,
in which respect the Mongol Hwashana has
_ _

considerably the advantage of him. He, Hwa-
shana, the Second Coinnisioner, is a stout, thick-
set man, in age a little over 50 years. His counte-
nance is coarse, but betokens far more character
than is usually met with in the stolid feature's of
the sons of Ham. Hwashana's nose has been unani-

mously declared to beia facsimile of that of the
Protector Cromwell ; those who believe in noses

may at once put him down as a Republican, regi-
cide, and fanatic. I should merely think him a
man of strong will, with - some honesty, counthr-
acted by sensuality, and .a fear of the sword his
over all his ser-
Imperial master keeps hanging

" Pien" now came to his master's assistance.
" What is it ?" appealed Kweiliang to his secre-
tary ; "Am Ito sign it ? Do you know what it
is ?" " No, I know nothing about it," said the
polished Pien in his most silvery tone. " Au,
au," smiled Kweiliang faintly, " never mind it,
never mind it," and again the article was gently
pushed aside, to be again brought up by Mr.
Lay, who, calm and unruffled, still pointed perse-
veringly at the blank spot at the foot of the sheet
of paper, apsi reiterated in still more silvery Pe-
kinese, "It is the article touching the indemnity,
and you must sign here, sir." Pien was quicker
than his superior in seeing that the barbarian was
not to be outmanoeuvred, and in a moment under-
stood all about the article in dispute. "Oh, yes, it
is all right; sign," said he to Kweiliang. The old
man quietly drew the paper towards him, and at
once attached his signature. The respective Sec-
retaries now advanced to a small table, and then
the great seal, especially struck for this occasion,
the sole credential indeed of the Imperial Commis-
sioners, was stamped in vermilion on every copy
of the Treaty, and then Mr. Wade officially re-
ported to his Lordship that the Treaty of Tiensin
was duly signed and sealed.
A vast deal more satisfaction was expressed in
the countenance of the British Ambassador at this
announcement than could be detected in those of

the Imperial Commissioners, yet they looked like
anything but men who had made a disgraceful
treaty. Indeed, in spite of all the undoubtedly
great concessions made by them on the present
occasion, it is very certain that the Treaty of . Nan-
kin struck more directly at the fundamental laws
of this empire, and that, too, at a time when the
power of Western nations was far less known and
feared than at present. Keying then ceded not
only Hongkong in perpetuity, but acknowledged
our right to Chusan so long as the treaty was not
fulfilled, an alienation of the territory of the central
nation which caused his impeachment, and, as we
are still writing, his death. He it was who first
acknowledged the perfect equality of all nations,
and that there were more sons of Heaven than he
of Pekin. Those principles have now received a
very great development, it is true, but it would be
unfair to say that we have been oppressive in our
demands, or obtained that from China which we
will not cheerfully' reciprocate.

Lord Elgin expressed his fervent hope that the
peace just concluded might be a lasting one, and
beneficial to both nations, which the Commissioners
appeared cordially to echo ; and then, after some
poetical allusions to the moon, which was smiling
upon them from the blue vault o-,-2rhr‘fvl. the atten-
dants were desired to bring in some slight refresh-
ments. His lordship and the Commissioners re-
spectively proposed the health of each other's Sove-
reign, and at last, with many expressions of mutual
esteem, the Ambassador of England rose to take his
leave. Again the Marines presented arms, again
the air of " God save the Queen" rolled through
the many courts of the Temple of the Glory of the
Sea ; scaring bats from their quiet corners, and
birds in their numbers from tree and roof ; again
the Coolies shouldered their sedan-chairs, and away
we all went at a killing pace over the moon-lit
plain, jostling now through narrow streets redolent
of everything that is foul on God's earth, with a
strong smack of opium and garlic in addition, now
skirting the grey walls-of the city, and frightening
from heaps of offal numbers of yelping dogs, which
added their cries to the shouts of the bearers, warn-
ing their comitrymen to clear the road for the
" fierce and intractable ones"—indeed from the
scampering away from our front and slamming of
doors we feel firmly convinced that the bearers
shouted " That the devils were coming !" and, al-
though not complimentary, it decidedly proved
highly efficacious in rendering our route unimpeded
through a densely-populated suburb. A whiff of
pure air told us we had reached the water at the
bridge over the great canal, and in a few minutes
we again stood on the steps of the yamun of the
British Embassy. _ _

P.S.—I open my letter to add that this day, July
4, 1858, a decree has been received from the Em-
peror, in which he not only says that he has seen
the Treaty of Tien-sin, but agrees to ratify it ! The
American and Russian Ministers being exceedingly
credulous, simple-minded individuals—of course we
must give them credit for being sincere—were at
one time very well satisfied with a simple acknow-
ledgment of the Treaty by his Imperial. Majesty
Ilienfung, and wished the Chinese to infer Lord
Elgin was very exacting in requiring a ratification'
on the spot. You at home will, of course, think
with .us, .that his lordship did perfectly right in
obtaining every guarantee from the Court of Pekin:
Lord-Elgin and suite embarked on the 6th of July

It is satisfactory to learn that the treaty has
been not only signed, but has received the Impe-
rial assent. It is rtunoured, however, that this
latter was-enly ox.torted from his Celestial Majesty
by the fact that the 59th Regiment were actually
in the Peiho and on their way to Tien-sin, and, if
necessary, to Pekin.
The contents of the treaty which has just been
signed are now pretty well known to the public.
There can be little doubt that they are of a charac-
ter entirely subversive of the traditional policy of
the Chinese empire, and that the effect of this im-
portant document, when its provisions come to be
carried out, will be to revolutionise the present
system of internal economy in this country and
replace it by one formed under the stimulating and
enlightening influences of that Western civilisa-
tion which is now to be introduced throughout the
length and breadth of the land. Under a system
of passports the subjects of the treaty Powers are
to be allowed to travel to any part of the interior
of China, to have free access to all the great inland
markets, and to make their purchases when and
where they please. The ports of Leuchow, in the
Gulf of Pechele, of Niuchwang, Chin-kiang, and
Swatow, of others in Formosa and Hainan, are
added to the list of those at present open, and
ports have been fixed upon up the Yang-tse-kiang,
the opening of which, however, is necessarily post-
poned until Nankin and other important cities on
both sides of the river are recaptured by the Im-
perialists, and cleared of those hordes of miscreants
who have for so many years disturbed the peace of
the empire. The disposition openly manifested by
many in this country to sympathise with these
rebels, and the mischief which the presence of
European and American adventurers among them
might cause, have rendered this intimation with
regard to the Yang-tse-kiang necessary; but it is
to be hoped that when the nations of the West find
their interest practically involved in the extinction
of the rebels they will be influenced by those mate-
rial considerations which generally triumph over
others that are merely of an abstract nature, even
if they are not guided bythe higher considerations
of the impropriety of taking advantage of the con-
cossion of a Government by trying to subvert it.
The much vexed questions of transit and Cus-
toms duties have engaged the serious attention of
the plenipotentiaries, and arrangements have been
made by which it is hoped the inconveniences
arising out of the present system will be removed.
Many other points affecting the present state of
our commercial relations in China are discussed
and provided for ; but as the treaty contains up-
wards of 50 articles, time would• not- admit (even
w•re I capable of doing so) of my discussing these
details or their merits. But the clause of the treaty
which in the eyes of the Chinese Emperor is a
greater concession than all the others which he
has •granted put together, and which in the eyes
of all those who have studied the question on the
spot contains the only safe guarantee for those con-
cessions, is that clause by which it is stipulated that
Great Britain shall henceforward have a resident
Minister at the Court of Pekin who shall communi-
cate directly with the highest officers of the State;
and that, moreover, the Chinese Government shall
educate student interpreters in the English lan-
guage, so that the system of diplomatic communi-
cations from us in Chinese may be discontinued, and
official intercourse be for the future maintained by
each nation in its own language ; the contingency
of a Chinese Minister being sent to the Court of St.
James's is also provided for. Thus, at all events,
the great principle of equality between the two na-
tions, which must lie at the root of satisfactory
mutual intercourse, has been established, and it is
to be hoped will inaugurate a new era in the his-
tory of our diplomatic relations with the empire.
The Imperial Government will, no doubt, very soon
discover that foreign subjects are kept in check
much more surely through a Minister at the capital
than through a superintendent of trade at the other
end of the empire, and that those difficulties which
Chinese and foreign authorities could raise at plea
sure will diminish in number when they receive a
immediate reference to the capital.

Another important advantage arising from the
residence of a British Minister at Pekin is apparent
when we consider the position which Russia occu-
pies relatively to the empire of which that city is
the capital. With a Russian mission there en per-
manence, and the right to send a special envoy to
confer in person with the Imperial Cabinet, it is
evident that this great European power, whose
Asiatic frontier is conterminous for thousands of
miles with that of China, would be in a position to
exercise an undue influence in the domicils of his
Celestial Majesty, and obtain advantages to the ex-
eiu :1-11,„113. 11.0:_c considerations ren-
der the establishment of a British Mission at Pekin
an object of the utmost importance, and it behoves
the Government to exercise the greatest discrimi-
nation in the selection of the representatives des-
tined to conduct diplomatic relations under condi-
tions of so novel and trying a character.
Such is a general outline of the treaty which has
just been concluded, and such is the nature of the
concessions which have been obtained from the
most jealous and exclusive Government in the
world, not at the cost of a protracted war involving
a great expenditure of blood and treasure, for the
army which was destined for that purpose has been
engaged in more urgent service elsewhere ; but by
the judicious exercise of pressure at the right time
and place. Our entire loss of men killed in action
during the naval and military operations in China
since the arrival of the Plenipotentiaries in this
country has been very trifling. Let us hope that
the same moral influences which have won the
treaty may be no less successfully employed in
carrying it into operation.
It is to be hoped, also, that when our resident.
Minister comes to be established at Pekin, he may
maintain that diplomatic ascendancy which has
enabled us to include in one treaty alone those pro-
visions which it was predicted could never be ex-
torted from the ChineTe Government, such, for in-
stance, as the right to a permanent Minister, or per-
mission to trade in the interior of the empire. And
we have reason to suppose that the neutral Powers
used their utmost influence, after their own treaties
had been signed, to 9ppose the concession of more
extensive privileges to Great Britain. Indeed, so
far as Russia is concerned, it is not difficult to
account for the motives by which• her diplomacy
was actuated.

The unsatisfactory accounts which we have just
received of the state of our relations at Canton lead
us to regret more than ever the delays caused by the
naval authorities in the Gulf of Pechele at the com-
mencement of negotiations ; had these been brought
to a close, as they might have been, two months,
earlier, there can be little doubt that instructions
would have been sent down to the Imperial Com-