The Sun.
London, England, 1867-01-30 00:00:00

HEALTH OF LONDON.

(From the Registrar-Generars Return.)
In the week that ended Saturday, Jan. 26, the
births registered in London and 12other large towns
of the United Kingdom were 4,430 ; the deaths re-
gistered, 4,141. The annual rate of mortality was
35 per 1,000 persons living.
In London the births of 1,160 boys and 1,077
girls, in all 2,237 children, were registered in the
week. In the corresponding weeks of ten years
1857-66 the average number, corrected for increase
of population, was 2,153.
The deaths registered in London during the week
were 1,880. It was the fourth week of the year, and

the average number of deaths for that week is, with
a correction for increase of population, 1,641. The
deaths in the present return exceed the estimated
number by 239.
The deaths registered in the last three weeks end-
ing Jan. 26 amounted to 5,485, while the deaths of
the three preceding weeks ending Jan. 5 amounted
to 4,250; and the difference is 1,235. Now the
mean temperature of the three cold weeks ending
Jan. 19 was 30.2 deg. ; of the three mild weeks
ending Dec. 29, 42.9 deg. ; leaving a difference of
12.7 deg. So every degree of depression over three
weeks corresponded nearly to 100 deaths in London.
The excessive number of deaths is thus distributed
over five ages : 164 at ages under 20 ; 123 at 20--
40 ; 312 at 40-60 ; 531 at 60-80 ; and 105 at the
age of 80 and upwards. When the deaths are com-
pared with the numbers living at the corresponding
ages, these results are obtained : to 100,000 persons
living at each of the five ages, the deaths were 12 at
0-20, 12 at 20-40, 56 at 40-60, 297 at 60-80,
and 888 at the age of 80 and upwards. As age
advances after childhood, the power fails of produc-
ing the internal warmth by which life is upheld. So
while youth and vigour enjoy the frost age and
feebleness perish.
The mortality was raised by the severe weather in
all the large towns.
The annual rate of mortality last week was 32
per 1,000 in London, 32 in Edinburgh, and 43 in

Dublin ; 35 in Bristol, 28 in Birmingham, 41 in
Liverpool, 48 in Manchester, 40 in Salford, 31 in
Sheffield, 29 in Leeds, 30 in Hull, 43 in Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, and 42 in Glasgow. The rate in Vienna
was 30 per 1,000 during the week ending the 19th
inst., when the temperature was 61 deg. Fahren-
heit higher than in the same week in London, where
the rate was 29 per 1,000.

Nine water companies state that they supplied
London on a daily average with 91,054,159 gallons
equal to 427,331 cubic metres, or about as many
tons by weig'at. This was nearly a ton of water, or
a cubic metre to a house. Dr. Franklin's careful
and impartial analysis shows that the solid matter
in 100,000 parts of the waters ranged from 31.34
(Chelsea) to 39.40 (Kent) ; the organic matter from
0.69 (New River) to 2.64 (East London). The
waters, except those of the New River, were turbid
when drawn from the mains.

At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.652 in.
The barometrical reading increased from 29.31 in.
on Thursday to 29.97 in. on Saturday. The mean
temperature of the air in the week was 37.2 deg.
below the average of the same week in 50 years (as
determined by Mr. Glaisher). The highest day
temperature was 54.5 deg. on Thursday. The
lowest night temperature was 22.0 deg., on
Tuesday. The entire range of temperature
in the week was, therefore, 32.5 deg. The
mean of the highest temperatures of the water of the
Thames was 32.8 deg. ; that of the lowest was 30.8
deg. The difference between the mean dew-point
temperature and air temperature was 4.8 deg. The
mean degree of humidity of the air was 82, complete
saturation being represented by 100. The direction
of the wind was variable. Rain fell to the amount
of 0 35in. On Tuesday, at 730 p.m., the tempera-
ture then being 23 deg., a remarkable shower of
rain commenced to fall, and the drops as they
were deposited on the surface were instantly frozen.
The temperature then began to increase ; by 9 p.m.
it was 25 deg., by 10 p.m. 30 deg., and by midnight
33 deg. Throughout the whole of this time
occasional showers were noticed, and the surfaces on
which the rain fell became thickly coated with ice•
After midnight a very rapid thaw began. According
to a return furnished by the engineer of the Metro-
politan Board of Works the average daily quantity
of sewage pumped into the River Thames at the
southern outfall works, Crossness, was 57,865,359
gallons, or 262,000 cubic metres, equivalent to about
as many tons by weight.

The Registrar-General has to acknowledge the
courtesy of the London Water Companies, who have
furnished him with the average daily supply of water
supplied for the month of December, 1866: thus,
according to their account, 427,331 cubic metres of
water, equal to about as many tuns by measure,
tons by weight, were supplied daily, or 975 litres,
rather less than a ton by weight,weresupplied daily,
or 975 litres, rather less than a ton by weight, to
each house, and 139 litres (equal to 33.7 g,.1:0n..)
to each person.

The Reorganisation of the Spanish Army,

MADRID, Jan. 25.
The text of the Royal decree for the reorganisa-
tion of the Spanish army is as follows :
" In conformity with the recommendation of the
Minister of War, in concert with my council of
Ministers,
" I decree the following :
" Art. 1. The strength of the army of the Penin-
sula will be in future 200,000 men, divided in the
following manner :
" 1. The permanent army.
" 2. The first or active reserve.
" 3. The second reserve.
"Art. 2. The permanent army will consist of the

force which, in accordance with Art. 79 of the Con-
stitution, may be annually designated by the Cortes
upon lily proposal. The first or active reserve will
be composed of all persons belonging to the army of
the Peninsula who, without reckoning.four years of
active service, shall have exceeded the number of
years fixed by law for the permanent force. The
position of these persons will be that of soldiers upon
six months' furlough without pay. The second re-
ser:e will consist of all those belonging to the army
of the:Peninsula vrho, proceeding from the recruits,
shall have had four years' effective service, only
excepting those who at their own request or for
the convenience of the service may be allowed to
remain on the active list. Nevertheless, until the
new plan shall have commenced to come into effect,
and in order to observe the proper proportion be-
tween the active army and the reserve, my Govern-
ment may anticipate the period of passing into the
second reserve, even before the completion of the
four years of active service, in the case of that
number who, between the permanent army and the
first reserve may exceed 100,000 men.
Art. 3. Upon the entry of individuals into the
second reserve their respective corps will remain de-
finitively reduced. They will return to their homes
upon unlimited furlough, and will be permitted to
change their residence, as may be required by their
trade or business upon making representation to
that effect, and obtaining written permission from
the chief of the provincial commission.

" Art. 5. The permanent army will perform their
military service iu the form prescribed by my Go-
vernment. The active reserve may only be called
out wholly or partially when my Government may
entertain apprehensions based upon events abroad,
which may render it expedient to establish an army
of observation, or when public order may be seri-
ously disturbed in the interior. The Government
will subsequently render account of such measures
to the Cortes. The second reserve cannot be called
out or 'placed under arms, without the Goverment
being authorised by a special law. In any case all
persons belonging to either reserve who may not
present themselves for service in compliance with
the legal summons will be tried by the military laws.
"Art. 6. The permanent army and the reserve
having completed the eight years of service conjointly
obligatory upon them, will be entitled to absolute
discharge.

Art. 8. The existing cadres of the provincial
militia are abolished, and the commands of half bri-

gades in the militia of the Canaries are suppressed.
" Art. 9. The posts of fiscal commandants of bat-
talions and captain secretaries of colonies are also

abolished.

" Art. 10. Third battalions are created in the pre-
sent 40 regiments of infantry, consisting in time of
peace solely of the generals and officers in the num-
ber and proportion that may be determined. These
cadres will form an effective part of those regiments,
will perform the duty assigned to their rank, and
replace the officers indefinitelyor temporarily absent.
" Art. 11. Permanent commissions, consisting of
a major, captain, and lieutenant, will be established
in the capitals of the civil provinces. (The remain-
ing eight articles of the decree refer to various mat-
ters of detail connected with the execution of the
above measures.)
" Given at the Palace, 24th January, 1867.
" Signed by the Royal hand.

" The Minster of War, Ramon Maria Narvaez."

The Ministerial, preamble to the decree, after
adverting to the general tendency towards the
creation of large reserves which has prevailed in
Europe since the last great war in Germany, says
" Although Spain has based her policy upon her
position as a continental power with great provinces
in Asia, Africa, and America--a policy which con-
sists in maintaining peace and amity with all na-
tions and in which she will certainly never fail of
her own will—yet she can neither separate herself
from this preventive movement now extending
throughout gurope nor abandon to chance the main-

tenance of her policy by which she can alone ad-
vance her legitimate interests. It is certain that our
geographical position in the extreme west of Europe
and the topographical conditions of our soil, very
irregular in its surface and naturally defended, re-
moves from us in great measure the probabilities of
war, and also relieves us from great expense in the
event of having to defend it. . . If our financial
circumstances did not counsel the reduction of the
permanent army to a point which would hardly

have sufficed to meet peremptory military neces-
sities, it would be sufficient to double it by a reserve
of equal strength ; narrow, but reduced to such
limits So small a reserve would not meeet the pre-

parations required at the present, and which are
rendered incumbent upon us by the great armaments
of other nations. Tile Consultative Junta of War
and the military gauthorities consulted by the Go-
vernment agree that the total strength of the per-
manent army and the reserve, cannot be fixed
below 200,000 men in time of peace, considering
the military condition of Spain and the state of
Europe. The opinion is shared by the Government
and has formed the basis of its calculations."

The Minister proceeds to state thot 100,000 men
will be adopted as the extreme limit of the standing
army, and that this effective may be reduced accord-
ing to circumstances by the annual vote of the Cortes
upon the force of the standing army for the year.
" Drawing by lot will be adopted for all the
services ; that is to sr y, the standing army, tin. re-
serves, the civil guard, the marines, the naval ser-
vices, and the colonial armies. It has been shown
that the annual recruitment cannot be fixed below
43,000 men. If this should appear excessive and
onerous, it must not on the other hand be forgotten
that instead of being eight years under arms as at
present, he will only serve four years ordinarily in
future, while the second reserve will only be called
under arms when no available citizen would or could
exempt himself from service."

COUNTRY MARKETS.

LIVERPOOL-TUESDAY.

At this market there was a fair attendance of the town
and country trade, but little disposition to do business.
Wheat and flour may be quoted 3d per 100 lb. and is Prer
sack and barrel lower, with little doing at the decline.
oats a decline of ld per 431 b., and in oatmeal of is per
load may be noted, and sales very limited. arley, 1301
and peas were each rather lower, and neglec B
tel.
American Indian corn, with more offering, was obtain-
able at 41s 6d per 4901 b., but fine white white brought
42s 6d per 4801 b.

LEEDS—TUESDAY.
The attendance this week is not large. The wheat trade
is exceedingly flat to-day, and very few sales have taken
place, at a decline of 2s per qr. Barley, unless fine, is to
2s per qr. cheaper. Beans and oats 2s per qr. lower.
Average prices: Wheat, 61s lid; barley, 40s 9id; oats,
—6 Od.

SHEFFIELD—WEDNESDAY.
There was a fair supply of wheat on offer by sample, for
which there was a good demand at the full prices of last
week. A steady trade in beans and oats at late quotations.
Barley somewhat scarce, and selling at extreme figure's'
No change in flour and other articles.
lied wheat, per load of 3 imp. bushels....23s 01 to 218 01
White do do ....258 01 278 Od
New red do
do ....2 Is Od 238 Od
New white do do ....21s Od 268 Od
Beans do do ....20s Od 22$ 01
Peas, per qr . l's 61 198
6d
Grinding ba, ley, per qr 35s Od 388 Od
Malting barley, i o AoB Od 48s Od
Oats, do 2's Od 328 ud
F10ur....1s 10d to 28 ad per 141 b,

MARKET HARBOROUGH.—MONDAY.
Old white wheat, 60s to 73s ; new red, 50s to 68s per s,u
stone. Barley, fine, 528 ; other kinds, 23s to 36s per 30 !.u,
' Oats new, 228 to 23s ; old, 30s to 34s per qr. Beans, 01
50s to 555; new, 468 to 48s per qr.

BRISTOL—TUESDAY.
Slight rain falling. Market dull, and but little doing•
Wheat moved slowly, at is decline. Barley, fair trade,
uAalt.,..rcd. • Nael: cats, 3:1 &erne. Maize, P''
and beans unaltered.

MELTON MOWBRAY.—TUESDAY.
White wheat, 66s to 748 ; red, 50e to 66s per 36 stone:
Barley for malting, 408 to 52s per qr; feed, 32s to 388 Pe;
30 stone. Oats, old, 30s to 35s ; new, 22s to 29s per 21s"
Beans, old, 52s to 545; new, 46s to 50s per qr.