The Sun.
London, England, 1858-08-30 00:00:00

TilE ARMY.

The colonelcy of the d Drspons has become vacant by
the death, at his residence in Norfolk, of Lieut.-Gen. Money.
The gallant officer, who was in his 80th year, entered the
army 64 years since, and between 1794 and 1815 saw a good
deal of hard service in Holland, Egypt, and the Peninsula ;
he was also present at Waterloo and Quartre Bras. The
General received the Peninsula medal with one clasp for
Salamanca. The dates of his commissions were—Cornet,

April, 1794 ; Lieut., May, 1794; Captain, May, 1800 ;
Major, Dec., 1809 ; Lieut.-Col ~ June, 1814 ; Colonel, Jan.,
1837; Major-General, Nov., 1846; and Lieut.-General,
June, 18.54. The Colonelcy of the 2,1 Dragoons was con-
ferred upon General Money in May, 1852.
The following reinforcements are ordered to he held in
readiness to embark at Gravesend for Calcutta in the under-
mentioned vessels :—viz., Octavia, 1,055 tons, Capt. W. J.
Dale ; Alfred, 1,291 tons, Capt. W. 11. Pope ; and Gosforth,
810 tons, Capt. 'I. L. Porteous-15 men of the Bth (the
King's) Regiment, 20 men of the 19th Regiment, 80 men of
the 20th Regiment, 15 men of the 23d Royal Welsh Fuse-
Hers, 63 men of the 24th Regiment, 25 men of the 29th Re-
giment, 30 men of the 35th Regiment, and 30 men of the
75th Regiment from Chatham ; 20 men of the 2d (the
Queen's) Dragoon Guards, 50 men of the 7th (the Queen's
Own) Hussars, 90 men of the 64th Regiment, 45 men of the
82d Regiment, and 35 men of the 09th Light Infantry, from
Canterbury ; 60 men of the 34th Regiment, SO men of the
37th Regiment, 45 men of the 38th Regiment, 50 men of the
54th Regiment, 11 men of the 89th (Connaught Rangers),
and 50 men of the 97th Regiment, from Colchester ; 18 men
of the 60th Rifles, Ist battalion, 15 men of the 2d battalion
Rifle Brigade, and 20 men of the 31 battalion Rifle
Brigade, from Winchester; 104 men of the 42d Royal
Highlanders, and 60 men of the 79th (Cameron) High-
landers, from Stirling, 39 men of the 93d Highlanders,
from Aberdeen ; 43 men of the 13th (Prince Albert's) Light
Infantry, from Ferm ey ; and 20 men of the 80th Regiment,
from Buttevant, with 109 men from the Royal Artillery,
from Woolwich ; stow, 1,270 non-commissioned officers and-
men. Of the above reinforcements 500 men are ordered to
embark in the Alfred on the 3d of September, and 450 in the
Octavia and 320 in the Gosforth on the 2d of September.
Further draughts of troops will be despatched from the
camp at Colchester in the course of the next few days. 16
men of the 56th will leave for Bombay, and 93 from the 44th
and 66th Regiments for the Madras presidency.
On Saturday an order was received at Chatham garrison
countermanding the order previously given for the embarka-
tion of reinforcements for Kurrachee in the Velocity on the
Ist of September, as the authorities have refused to allow
troops to proceed to India in that vessel. Tenders were on
Saturday received at the East India-house for another vessel
to supply the place of the Velocity.
The whole of the extensive works which have been in pro-
gress for several mouths past by the Royal Sappers and
Miners and the East India Company's Engineers at Chat-
ham, for a series of grand siege operations on a scale of great
magnitude, in the presence of the Duke of Cambridge and
other distinguished visitors, are now completed, and on Sa-
turday orders were issued by Colonel Sandham, director of
the Royal Engineer Establishment at Chatham, for the
Royal and East India Company's Engineers, together with
the troops of the Line who are to take part in the operations,
to be held in readiness for that duty to-day, as it is expected
his Royal Highness will visit Chatham this morning, in
which case the grand review and siege operations will take
place immediately on his arrival.
Lieut.-Colonel Maydwell, appeintcd Deputy-Adjutant-
General at Ceylon, was entertained on Friday evening, at
Colchester, on his departure.
The Green-hill encampment, In the Royal Artillery garri-
son, Woolwich, occupied by the Royal Antrim Rifles, was
on Saturday removed, the troops having been provided with
their winter accommodation. Eight companies are allotted
quarters in the Royal Artillery Barracks, and the remainder
with the Royal Marines. A few days ago it was announced
to the regiment, by order of the Commander-in-Chief, that
volunteers would be received into the various corps of the
Line ; accordingly a considerable number have presented
themselves from day to day on the application of the recruit-
ing officers, the majority volunteering for the 60th Rifles;
and having passed the necessary medical attestation, they
were, on Saturday, sworn in, and paid 10s. each, a portion
of the bounty money. During the day a party of stragglers
entered the barrack-room in a state of intoxication, and
conducted themselves in a most outrageous and insubordi-
nate manner. They were consequently ordered to he placed
under restraint, and were conveyed with some difficulty to
the guar-room at the north-west gate of the garrison, not,
however, before they had violently resisted and injured some
of the picket in charge. At tie guard-room the riot and dis-
turbance assumed a more serious aspect, as one of the en-
raged fellows succeeded in wresting the bayonet from the
sentry on duty, and made a violent plume at his face. The
blow aimed by the drunken man fortunately did but slight
injury ; the point of the weapon, however, according to the
statement of the sergeant, passed over the leather stock of
the sentry and grazed the skin of his throat. On being at
length overpowered, those most unruly were placed in irons
and some it was found necessary to confine hand and foot.
Scenes of a somewhat similar description have been of fre-
quent occurrence with the Antrim men since their arrival
in Woolwich. Scarcely a day passes but they are engorged in
some street brawl with the civilians, when, from the dan-
gerous and savage character of the men under the influence
of liquor, the police have found it imprudent to interfere,
and the Royal Antrim Rifles, en perceiving the number of
their opponents increrse, have in more than one case, in
their disgraceful street rows at Woolwich, deemed it the
wi.or pert of valour to bent a hasty retreat, amid the haat-
hogs of an infuriated mob of men, women, and children.
The number of recruits received and passed as fit for ser-
vice in the Royal Artillery Regiment at Woolwich during
the past month is 70—considerably over the amount given es
entered during any month for some time past.
Mr. HorsEfall's celebrated gun, manufactured by the Mer-
sey Steel and Iron Company, and presented to Government
on the understanding that it should be employed in defence
of British rights, has undergone a most severe and length-
ened course of trials on the sands at Shoeburyuess, and,
finding it faultless and incapable of injury with any amount
of charge,lthe' War Department has ordered it to be removed
to Southsea-common, to be reserved until called into requi-
sition according to the tenour of the grant. The weapon was
fired at Shoeburyness, loaded with 701 b. of gunpowder and a
13-inch solid shot, which obtained a flight of 31 miles. The
monster gun left Woolwich arsenal yesterday morning in
the Bornarsuud, one of the transports belonging to the mili-
tary store department of Woolwich, for Postsmeuth.

THE MILITIA.
The Royal Sussex Artillery Militia has received orders to
assemble at Lewes on Wednesday, Oct. 20, for 21 days'
training.
It is expected that the West Essex Militia will be quar-
tered during their ensuing training at the camp at Col-
chester.

1118. B.ERESFORDJTOPE,M,P., AND 1115

CONSTITUENTS.

MAIDSTONE, SATURDAY.
A great Conservative fete was held yesterday, at Mote-
park, in this neighbourhood, which had been thrown open
to the townspeople of Maidstone by the Earl of Romney.
An enormous marquee had been erected, in which the
dinner was to take place, and about 3 o'clock Mr. Beres-
ford Hope and Major Scott, the members for the borough,
made their appearance on the ground, escorted by
their principal supporters, and followed by processions formed
of the Conservatives of each of the wards in Maidstone.
Banners and flags were displayed in great profusion, and no
less than seven bands accompanied the procession.
At the dinner—which was presided over by Edwin Stacy,
Esq.—upwards of 1,400 persons were present. Both the
members were received with great cheering.
Mr. BERESFORD HOPE, in the course of his speech, thus
remarked on the events of the last session :—When the dis-
solution of Parliament took place some fifteen months ago,
when Lord Palmerston was in the aseettdant, when Conser-
vatives even came forward and said, " We support Lord Pal-
merston. Lord Palmerston is the man for us," what did we
see? Thateminister who, rightly or wrongly, at the com-
mencement of the year 1855, was supposed to be the only
pilot who could weather the storm, that man who was sup-
posed to have brought back again to earth the wonderful
power by which Walpole and Pitt ruled the destinies of the
country with a rod of iron—that minister has fallen more
thoroughly, more completely, more hopelessly than any
statesman who within the memory of man hrs been called
upon to administer the affairs of the country. I need not
relate the history of the change of public opinion which
astonished so many people, but which did not astonish me;
fur I had even at the time of the greatest enthusiasm in his
favour taken a measure of the ministry, which has since
proved more accurate than would have been believed possible
had I then mentioned it; that last appointment to a place in
the ministry of a person whose name I will not mention, but
who concentrated on his own person the inaignation of all
honest and moral men of every shade cf political opinion,
ws- eloseet the last drop in the cup which. was so soon to
noel sow. And what was the reason of theefinal overthrow ?
It was the upraised voice of eve and glorious England ex-
,
" We will that England shall be free. We will
that England shall be the refuge of Die anforennate. We
will that England shall be the sacred shrine of liberty is the
' western sea. (Cheers.) We will not abandon that glorious
prerogative at the voice of any foreign sovereign or poten-
tate." (Renewed cheers.) Gentlemen, of the many votes
that I gave in the last session of Parliament there is none of
which I am more proud, none which I more rejoice to own
before you than the one which I gave on the first division on
the Conspiracy to Murder Bill. There were, as you will
probably recollect, two divisions upon that bill, and on the
second 299 members went down to the house, and hurled the
Palmerston Government from power. (Cheers.) But three
weeks before, there was another division, when a small body
of 99 walked into the lobby to protest against the introduc-
tion of that bill. Now I might have been satisfied if I had
only been one of the 299, and I might have been glad of the
solid results. I trust, however, that I have sufficient under-
standing of the meaning of things to have been enabled to
have reconciled, first to myself and then to my friends, how
it was that, being one of the 299 who voted against the
second reading of that bill, I was not one of the 99 who
opposed its introduction. That would have been the case if
I bad only been in the majority on the 2d division; but I
was also in the minority on the first division, and more than
that, I was one of those who stood up in the house and en-
tered a protest again=t that unpatriotic and Trost nefarious
tneLsule. (Cheers.) I did not merely vote against it because
I saw that the consequence of that vote would be the defeat
of the Ministry, but 1 raised my voice against the bill when
the prospect of turning out the Government seemed utterly
hopeless, and when all I could do by giving that vote was
to raise one voice to heaven for our old laws, our old con-
stitution, and the maintenance of the old spirit of freedom
in true and honest England. (Cheers.) In giving that
vote did I give a vote for bloodshed, for rapine, for war ?
Did I move a finger towards breaking the alliance with our
next neighbour, an alliance which all who value the peace
of the world and the prosperity of empires hold most dear.
1 deny that I did, and I assert that if any men more than
the rest of the land came forward to strengthen and support
the French alliance, it was those 99 men who in the British
House of Commons said "no" to the first reading of the
Conspiracy to Murder Bill. I make this assertion because
I tun deeply convinced that that alliance is not one which
rests on dynasties, or which depends upon the breath of colo-
nels of regiments, looking for favour and promotion.
(Cheers.) It is an alliance which is based upon the solid
convictions of a great and glorious nation. In the path of
peace, in the path of liberty,in the path of mutual confidence,
in the path of commercial intercourse, lie the true way to
love and friendship. If we pleasedased that Conspiracy to
Murder Bill we might have p the present government
of France, but we should not have pleased the great French
nation—t hat great French nation which has so often changed
its form of government and shifted its rulers. No good neigh-
bours ought to interfere with the internal concerns of ano-
ther country ; it is for them to decide what form of govern-
ment they choose to accept, and so long as the French nation
likes to keep the house of Bonaparte upon the throne it is
our duty to keep good friends with Louis Napoleon, not be-
, _use he is ou the throne, but because he represents the
French nation. (Hear.) We are at pence with the French
nation, but net because it is ruled by a Bonaparte, and that
is the great distinction we ought to draw. In rejecting the
Conspiracy to Murder Bill we did not interfere with the
great commercial French nation or the great commercial
middle classes of France. Things may have been done, and
no doubt were dune, which were displeasing to the ruler of
France, but after those events had recurred, all that we did
was to make a grave protest in the sacred cause of liberty, by
declaring that on the shores of the Atlantic, with England
and the United States and our colonies all speaking the
same language, ell governed by free institutions, no state
of things could be endured in which the right of asylum wa.=
not maintained in its ...rue and proper position. (Cheers.)
I am sure if the present dynasty of France does get consoli-
dated on the throne it must sooner or later come to this con-
dition and govern constitutionally, and the first great im-
pulse to that will have been given by that faithful and
energetic action of the British Parliament which in one
moment vindicated the honour of the people, and at one
blow hurled Lord Palmerston and his ministry prostrate to
the ground. (Cheers.) This brings me to a great fact
which has been present to the thoughts and almost to the
eyes of every one who now hears me. What I say with re-
spect to Cherbourg is, let it be a lesson to us to mind our
own affairs. A nation doubtless has a right to build dock-
yards and forts at its pleasure, and to cast heavier cannon
than it ever before possessed. But what are these forts
erected for? What are the cannons pointed at? Why do
we see those great excavations, those enormous works recall-
ing to our minds, as their ruler proudly remarked, the
marvels of Egypt? Why do we see those forts bristling
with one thousand pieces of ordnance? The answer is plain.
They are placed there to maintain the supremacy of the
country which has erected them. It is for us to say whether
that supremacy shall be offensive or defensive. The dock-
yard of Cherbourg points towards England, the cannon
look across the Channel. We are told that France is our
best and truest ally. Ido not deny it. I will gladly admit
the fact in the lace and in spite of Cherbourg;
but it Cherbourg is to be to us no reason for doubting
France, still less should it be a reason to France for
doubting England, if, in consequence of Cherbourg, we
augment our national defences, axd put Portsmouth, Ply-
mouth, Milford Haven, and, above all, the island of Alder-
ney, in a proper condition to resist any hostile movement
on the part of a foreign nation. (Cheers.) It would be
well to put those places in a proper position of defence; but
far oetter would it be than fortifying Portsmouth, Ply-
mouth, or Alderney, if we were to send out into the Chan-
nel, bold, erect, sturdy, unchallengeable, and majestic, those
mighty symbols of our great nation, the wooden walls of
our land. (Loud cheers.) Cherbourg has been made, the
Queen has been received with peace and honour, and God
be praised for it ; but let us, as the results of what we have
seen, send our workmen swarming into the dockyards, let
the axe and the hammer ring, let the rigging be spun, let
the sailcloth he woven, let the number of our men be
doubled, trebled, and even quadrupled from the merchant
service to man the yards of these ships, and let us be in a
condition to show these Frenchmen that we are as well pre-
pared to meet all exigencies as they can be, and that it is
determined ever to maintain its well earned appellation of
glorious old England, the home of the brave and the free.
(Cheers.) Tbis is what I have to tell you about France;
and now I come to another subject which has occupied very
much of our time during the last session of Parliament—l
mean the affairs of India. Mr. Lawrence has most kindly
alluded to a speech which I made OR the Ellenborough de-
spatch, and has given me credit for the spirit in which it was
delivered. I recollect very well I said tbat I never had such
pain and difficulty in making up my mind as I had upon
that occasion, because I thought both sides were very much
in the wrong, and I am glad to think that the independent
course which I then took, so far from lowering me, has
tended rather to raise me in your estimation. (Cheers.)
But to throw ride the whole question of the Canning pro-
clamation with the rejoinder, and to come to the general
question of India, we have had three India bills, and Heaven
knows bow many resolutions. The debate upon those bills
and the resolutions were, I believe, almost as numerous as
are the people here to-night. (Laughter.) We had one thing
one day, another thing another, and Heaven knows what the
day after. Now what is the line I have taken ? It may not
be one in accordance with the popular feeling, but I am
satisfied it is a wise one—(hear, hear)—because Parliament
has, after all these debates upon propositions which were
varied almost every any, come as near to it as its honour
and consistency would allow it to do. That line was to stand
up, and by my vote—for I did not think, seeing so many
mouths open, that I ought to add much to the gabble of
tongues upon Mr. Cardwell 's motion itself—to endeavour to
keep things as much as
possible in the same condition in
which they were.
sawthat great old company which,
whatever might be its faults, had splendidly and nobly ad-
ministered the affairs of India for Many years—that com-
pany which had consolidated civilisation and paved the way
for the introduction of Christianity, and which had raised a
mighty empire in the East mainly by the exertions of the
middle classes of this country—l saw that great old company
attacked in what I conceived to be a most unfair manner. I
certainly do not think it very fair when a man is falling to
give him a push down hill, but that seemed to me to be the
way in which Parliament attacked the East India Company
when in its difficulties, and when it was fighting its way,
and straining every nerve and muscle to AMC India to
England. (Cheers.) It was a manoeuvre originally got up
fur the sake of tiding over a session, and avoiding a
reform bill. If a minister had been permitted for such
an object to have abolished the East India Company it
might have consolidated the rebellion in India by making
those superstitious and rebellious sepoys imagine that they
bad right on their side. When I saw this I was determined
to do all I could to support the East India Company, and
when that was hopeless, to keep things as nearly is their old
state as I could, and in this I triumphed. The night before
the division on the Conspiracy to Murder Bill, there was a
motion by Mr. Baring to postpone legislation on India.
Lord Palmerston had a majority of 143, which seemed to
strike the Company to the ground. But, then came the
change of the Cabinet, and at' erwards Mr. Disraeli's bill
upon the top of Lord Palmerston's, and that did not seem to
go down very well either. Before the time came for its
second reading, LordiJ. J. Russell's suggestion of proceeding
by resolutions, on which to found a bill, was agreed to, and
then in discussing these resolutions we got into such a tangle
that it does not seem to nee that Solomon himself would
have been able to set us right. At length np jumps a private
proposes, at one fell swoop, to undo half the
member and
change, and to appoint an Indian Council, which shall be
as like the East India Company as two eggs are like each
other. Minieteee bud the Opposition elike get up end gale

brace the scheme. The bill is postponed for the tittle, and
eventually the suggestion is embodied and incorporated in
the bill, and so it is passed. The East India Company has
been struck to the ground, hut in its place there is a coun-
cil and a minister, many of the features of the government
by the company are retained, and the majority of the per-
sons appointed to form the new council of India are taken
from the Court of Directors. That is the history of the
great change in the government of India. I hope it will
prove successful, and that through the noble exertions of
Havelock, Nicholson, the Lawrences, and Mr. Frere, in
another year the Indian difficulty will take its place among
the records of the past. There was another vote to which, if
you will allow me, I should wish to address a few observa-
tions. The question is one to which Mr. Lawrence alluded,
namely, the part I took in reference to the Galway Disfran-
chisement Bill. You know that when on the hustings I told
the freemen that in me they would find a man to fight their
battle before any Government, for the simple reason that I
do not consider it either just or statesmanlike to sweep away
a whole class of the constituency, because offence against
the electoral laws might be in justice imputed to some few
individuals among them. I said that many years ago all
elections were scenes of turbulence, that it was impossible to
expect perfect purity from all freeholders—possibly 103. men,
none of whom were immaculate; but that in these days
there was such an increasing spirit of intelligence, such a
sense of high responsibility, that the people believed in the
sacredness of political privileges among all classes of the
constituency, and that they ought rather to be increased than
diminished. Any man, therefore, who voted for the disfran-
chisement of the freemen of Ireland aimed a blow against the
freemen of England ; and therefore it was that I felt, when
that bill was before the house, that the battle of the freemen
of Maidstone was to be fought. We felt that the whole cause
gfhretet ttnneanhtohnees great r
character,
r aeter
of the freemen, as well of England as of Ireland, was before
the house, and that is the reason we stood up to resist the
majo-
ritybil l .
willl be believefoltnd to
th at among
men
be
fully alive to the political responsibilities with which they
are invested, and who scrupulously and conscientiously act
9noßf up the
ri
up to their political opinions; and I say that the way in
which they have exercised their trust is the best guarantee
that those who fought their battle in the Legislature were
right in so doing. (Cbeers.) The bon. gentleman resumed
ills seat amid the cheers of the assemblage, which, in con-
sequence of the park gates having been thrown open imme-
diately after the dinner, now numbered several thousand
persons.
Major SCOTT, M.P., also briefly addressed the meeting,
and the party adjourned to the spacious grounds of the park,
where dancing, old English games and other sports were
kept up until half-past nine o'clock, when a display of fire-
works took place, and the chairman and hon. members re-
turned to Maidstone by a torchlight procession.

REPRESENTATION OF GREENWICH.

Mr. Townsend, M.P., has forwarded a communication to
the secretary, of the local political association, designated
the Townsend League, in which he states—" I have invari-
ably promised that I would resign my seat as a member for
the borough when I found it impossible to represent the
interests of my constituents—and, moreover, that such re-
signation should be tendered to that large body of the elec-
tors who have struggled manfully to sustain me in my posi-
tion as a member of the House of Commons. lam anxious
to keep faith with my friends, and I think that the time has
arrived when I ought to resign the trust which I accepted
at their hands." A meeting of the association has been con-
vened, at which Mr. Townsend has promised to attend, and
1 fdea cl of-
it is contetr•platE'd to hold public meetings in each of the
etlniraebelintgowl‘nirs.
Tcoornwnpsreisni
dugtot ahne nboourn'cne :;:isiceg rsithn' "Pa
u a 1
dress his supporters. The only candidates at present in the
field are Alderman Salomons and Mr. Ernest Jones. The
latter is making some progress amongst the supporters of
Mr. Townsend, and several committees have been formed to
secure his return. Mr. Chambers at present declines to
appear; but a numerous section of the electors are about to
communicate with the lion. Mr. Campbell, requesting him
to become a candidate.
A paragraph, stating that Mr. Townsend, M.P., was
about to appear on the metropolitan stage for the benefit
of his creditors, hes elicited from that gentleman a letter,
in which he says, " It is not for me to say a single word
on the subject of my own merits as an actor, but will merely
embrace the opportunity of saying that I formerly played
under the name of Mortimer,' but more recently under
that of ' Winter,' and have always had the good fortune to
play to crowded houses, and on each successive representa-
tion the audience has been warmer and more enthusiastic in
its expressions of approval of my humble endeavours. I can,
with at least some satisfaction to myself, say that I never
in my life played for my own personal advancement, but
always in aid of the funds of some charitable institution, or
for the benefit of some actor, or private individual, poorer
than myself. I have no doubt there will be a very divided
opinion in the minds of the public, as there is in my own,
as to the propriety of this ,Shaksperian movement ; but I
cannot forget that it is my bounden duty, by all fair and
honourable means, to use every exertion in my power to pay
my creditors, which with the greatest economy and perse-
verance, I could hardly, as an auctioneer, ever expect to be
able to do, considering the peculiar nature of the business,
the ruinously injurious effects of a recent bankruptcy, and
the great depression and competition in the auction world.
The offer, therefore, of the engagement is, under the cir-
cumstances, both tempting and :.eductive. Nor can I forget
—and I may, I trust, be allowed to remind the public—that
a large majority of the officers in her Majesty's army, and
some of the first men in the land, occasionally appear on the
st ge, and the Queen, the court, and the aristocracy very
properly sanction the performances by their presence. * * *
As I shall most probably fill up a few nights in the pro-
vinces prior to my London engagement, I shall in the c.turse
of next week publicly resign my scat into the hands of the
great body of reformers who, in March, 1857, did me the
high and distinguished honour to send me to the House of
Commons as their representative."

MAIL ROUTES TO AUSTRALIA.

Memorials to the Government to try the Pacific route for
mails to Australia are signing all over the kingdom. The
Suez route has been tried and found wanting. Two years
ago, a company of enterprising and intelligent merchants
undertook to convey the mails between Southampton and
Edney, via Suez, in 56 days. The Government gave them
their own price—nearly £200,000 ayear—to do it, and they
began under the most favourable auspices. The Government
really thought that they had at length established a mail
communication with Australia which would be satisfactory
to the colonies. Mr. Rowland Hill, the Post-office Se-
cretary, even went down to Southampton to assist in the
Inauguration of the new company, and yet the latter
hopelessly and ridiculously failed. For upwards of
seven years the Suez route for the conveyance of the
Australian mails has been tried, off and on, and during
that period almost every other route has been tried,
and not one of them has succeeded. It is natural, therefore,
that public attention should be directed to the only mail way
to Australia that bas not been tried, viz., the one by Panama.
How stands our mail communications east and west on the
road to Australia? Easterly, we have a mail communica-
tion to Ceylon from Southampton, a distance of 6,393 milt..
which is run over in 31 days. Westerly, we have a mail
communication from Southampton to Colon, a distance of
4,400 miles, which is run over in 22 days, but this time
could be considerably lessened by going a direct instead of
the present roundabout way. The 31 days occupied in
doing to Ceylon could, however, only he lessened by
faster steamers. Now the antipodes of England is New
Zealand, or thereabouts. It the globe were cut in
halves through England, at right angles to the equator,
Australia would be a long distance within the same hemi-
sphere as Suez. The arc of the great circle between South-
ampton and Sydney on the eastern route, is therefore of
much less length than an arc of a similar circle between
the same places on the western route. But mail packets
would deviate very little from the latter arc in going from
England to Colon, and from Panama to Sydney, while such
packets on the eastern route being compelled to sail almost
due east between Gibraltar and Alexandria, and between
Aden and Ceylon, a distance of nearly 4,000 miles, cannot,
of course, take the shortest cut. Notwithanding, therefore,
that Australia is on the same hemisphere as Suez, the dis-
tance of Southampton from Sydney via Egypt is about the
same as the distance of Southampton from Sydney by way of
the Pacific, that is, nearly 13,000 miles each way. The ques-
tion of the rival routes is consequently almost narrowed to
this—Shall the Australian mails be carried aero-s the eastern
or Pacific ocean? In each ocean a mail packet would have
to make one long stretch between coaling stations, that is,
between Puint de Galle and King George's Sound, and be,

,ween Panama and Tahiti; but the eastern ocean is a tur-
bulent one, with violent and contrary winds, which make
steamers go hundreds of miles out of their course to avoid
them, while the Pacific is a tranquil body of water with fa-
vourable winds for crossing. Captain Porter, an American,
performed the daring feat a few years of going round the
world in a paddle-wheel steamer called the Golden Age,
and without making any preparation for coaling, he crossed
the Pacific from Sydney to Panama in 32 days, and he gives
a highly favourable account of the great facility with which
the great ocean can be crossed. One very great advantage
of the western route is that a letter from England wonld
reach New Zealand in 50 days, whereas by the eastern
route it must take 70 days to reach that colony.
The late Australian Mail Company received about
£190,000 a year for carrrying the mails. A considerable
portion of this was paid by the colonies, and they would
have paid more if the mails had been carried satisfactorily.
Now, let Sir E. Bulwer Lytton divide a sum, say £230,000,
between the Peninsular and Oriental and the Royal Mail
Companies for carrying the mails between Ceylon and Syd-
ney and between Panama and Sydney, once a month each
way. Both companies have got plenty of vessels on the
spot to do the work. If Sir Edward were to do this and
succeed in satisying the most pressing want of the Austra-
lian colonies, he would earn for his party and his Govern-
ment the highest character for practical ability. When
once the news reaches Australia that England can cont-
municate instantaneously with America, our colonists will
be more excited than ever about a rapid mail comtnunica-
tion with England. It may be said that by
merely esta-
blishing branch lines from Australia to Panama and Ceylon,
there would be no adequate provision made for conveying
passengers all through to England.. But the mail packet
cotnpanies, for their own interest, will take care of ,the pas-
sengers. If the passengers are made uncomfortable between
Ceylon and England, way of Panama and
they will go by
if they cannot find proper acconaodation by the Royal
Mail steamers from Ceylot?, they will get to Englan4 by
way of New York in American packe. All the Govern-
tnent have to do is to get the mails to. and from Australia
and Ceylon, and to and from Australia and Panama as
I • '
quickly as possible.

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