The Sun.
London, England, 1858-08-16 00:00:00

Loyalty is not the only mark of this administration—this
virtue was united to much political wisdom. M. d'Azeglio
was of opinion that rapidity could only be applied to that
which had been matured -slowly. He thought that in going
too fast ruin followed on successes too easily obtained. In
his opinion the art of politics consisted less in acquired know-
ledge and preliminary study than in the gift of discernment
and just appreciation of circumstances and things. Incapable
of enthusiasm in questions of governing, he was firm in his
designs. Like the Prince Talleyrand, he had the rare merit
of knowing bow to wait—to seek net the shortest but the
surest way of attaining the desired end, and to make a valu-
able auxiliary of time. This prudence on his part, which
was besides a natural result of the situation in which was
placed the government be directed, was not the prudence of
the prudent—as the Scriptures call it with derision—but the
prudence of wisdom and of forethought, which is a proof of
strength, not an effect of weakness. "Bark hut-atilt), bite
hard," was the system of M. d'Azeglio, such as he explained
it to be himself one day in one of his conversations. This
system accords perfectly with that which he exposed to the
Senate of the kingdom, not two years ago, with this very
significant comparison—" De not pull your corn to make it
grow ; you will tear it up, and have to resow your ground."
M. d'Azeglio was fully convinced that in politics there is
no greater fault—according to M. Guizot, no graver error—
than to over-excite the hopes of the people, or to open be-
fore their imagination as their ready conquest a perspective
which they will probably never reach, and to which they
can only arrive, in any case, by slow steps.
It is generally believed that what is called Italian policy
only dates from M. de Cavour. It is true that the actual
President of the Council has known how to create the op-
portunity to follow out this policy, and bad been able to
make good use of it. But it would be unj►tst to say
that his predecessor did not see the same state of things.
Only, always conforming to his system of not barking, he
contented himself with promoting this policy in his diplo;
matic relations; because, provided that he could find Great
Powers favourable, he was persuaded that the most difficult
part of the enterprise was accomplished. To cite an exam-
ple, we quote a passage from a confidential letter which he
wrote to M. de Collegno, in Paris, on the 25th July, 1852 :
" I hasten to tell you that I find thereplies which you have
made to the Marquis de Turgot no less just than right on
the subject of the pretended preparations of an early Mazzl-
nian movement in some part of Italy. In fact, happily we
have no reason to fear any attempt of this kind in Piedmont;
and, as I have already taken the opportunity to tell you, if
the least disorder were produced, it would be immediately
and severely put down. But lam persuaded that it is not
the plots of those affiliated to the Mazzlnian sect which are
to be feared at this moment : they are unable to do any- i
thing. But it is a truth that I have constantly
repeated, and on which I cannot too much insist,
that no one serves more the cause of Mazzini and of his
party than the governments of the other parts of Italy who,
in returning to a system which served them so little in the
past, will not comprehend that people require a just and
loyal government, if they are not to be for:ed from very de-
spair to throw themselves into the chance of disorders and
revolutions. Do not the facts show us the evidence of this
truth ? Can one contrast the enormous difference which
exists between the interior condition of the other States of
Italy and that of Piedmont? There you find conspiracies
and intrigues for a political change; whilst, on the con-
trary, here, where there is liberty—sought in vain else-
where—order, tranquillity, and prosperity reign, and one
can assert without hesitation that Mazzini and his adher-
ents find here no sympathy."

To have the right to speak in that manner, M. d'Azeglio
was of opinion that it was indispensable to follow an irre-
proachable policy in the interior, and it is to this policy
that his efforts and those of the Cabinet over which he pre-
sided tended constantly. He declared frankly in the Cham-
ber, at the sitting of the 12th February, 1851 :
" The policy of the exterior is based on that which
is followed out and carried out in the interior : a good
internal policy is the best support which that of the
exterior can have ; because the best support that the in-
ternal policy can have is the reputation of the country to
which it belongs. The first rule in all the affairs of this
world is to take the world as it is, and to see what is the
state of Europe, what is the state of European society,
which are the means which cause success or failure, so as
not to be more Spartan than the rest of Europe."
M. Casimir Perrier had already expressed a similar senti-
ment when, on the 18th March, 1831, he said to the
Chamber—" External policy is bound up, in fact, with in-
ternal policy. For both the bane and the antidote are the
same."

The speeches we have cited in the course of this work are
almost the only ones that M. d'Azeglio has made in Parlia-
ment. He did not understand the speeches of a Minister
otherwise than as acts of government. It was therefore
only the accomplishment of a duty or the necessity of a
situation which induced him to speak. When some obscure
orator attacked his policy he rose to defend it if be thought
it necessary ; but he raised the question to the height of his
principles, and he entirely forgot his adversary. It was
only when some great orator attacked him that he descended
to the ground to which they called him. Mirabeau had
the same deference towards Barnave as also M. de Cha-
teaubriand had for General Foy. Without being an orator
M. d'Azeglio was eloquent. He had not that flow of im-
provisation which contradiction provokes, which dazzles
and overpowers from the height of the tribune, according
to the expressions of M. de Lamartine ; but what lie said
carried with it the stamp of originality, of vivacity, grace,
power, and pride, joined to dignity, moral grandeur, and
prudence. Sometimes the words fell colourless from his
lips, but the idea which he wished to express was always
faithfully given. More frequently, nevertheless, he united
a flow of language to a great naturalness of images : there
was nothing studied ; and in the spontaneousness of his
speech a reflection of his own nature appeared. Speeches
sometimes given without emphasis, am in a private conver-
sation, produced still more effect when read : he gained tLe
next day the success which great orators obtain at the mo-
ment. The vivacity of his ideas could be better appreciated:
the thoughts presented themselves more completely : the
transitions appeared more sudden : the periods more har-
monious, and the simplicity of his elocution more simple
still.--Post.

THE BRITISH EXPEDITION TO CHINA,
(Front the Timed' Cor;:espondent.)
TIEN-SI.N, JUNE 4.
The day following the capture of the forts of Tungkoo, at
the mouth of the Peiho River, described in my last l
was occupied by the allied naval commanders-in-chief in
demolishing the forts, getting off the guns, and securing our
position. A line of junks moored across the river at the
village of Takoo, about three miles from Tungkoo, served
admirably as a barricade against fire-rafts, sheuld the' Chi-
nese resort to that favourite mode of attack; behind these
our advanced gunboats were anchored. It had been inti-
mated to the Chinese authorities that the capture of the
forts by force, in the event of their not being peaceably sur-
rendered, was not intended by the allied Governments to
imply a hostile attitude on their parts towards the Imperial
Government, but wee to be regarded as a preliminary mea-
sure, rendered necessary to secure the safety of the ambas-
sadors, who, in consequence of the refusal of the Catsinet of
Pekin to treat with them at a distance, had determined to
proceed to Tien-sin, with the view ef putting themselves
more immediately into communication with the high func-
tionaries of the empire. Indeed, the position of Tien-sin,
at the junction of the Grand Canal and Peiho River, its
proximity to Pekin, and its importance to the capital in a
mercantile point of view, all combined to induce the belief
that at itself cit in the empire, with the exception, perhaps,
of Pekin can negotiatious be carried on under more
favourable conditions.
The first duty of the naval authorities, therefor.,
after the taking of the forts, was to proceed on the
exploration of the river for the purpose of opening the way
and securing a safe transit for the allied missions to Tien-
sin. As they anticipated every description of natural and
artificial obstruction, and conceived that the Chinese would
offer a most violent resistance to their progress, they ad-
vanced at first but slowly. As they proceeded, however, it
became apparent that these fears were grouadless ; the
river, winding through a titt alluvial country with richly
cultivated and partially wooded banks, had an average
breadth of about 200 yards, with a depth of water at half-
tide ranging from 10 feet to 40. Villages were not very nu-
merous, and consisted merely ef collection of mud huts
such as grace the banks of the Nile. So far from the inha-
bitants attempting to oppose the progress of the allies or
showing signs of distrust, much less active hostility, they
collected in crowds upon the banks, prostrating themselves
with their foreheads to the ground' as the first gunboats
passed, and staring at those following with an expression of
countenance peculiar to the race in which the most listless
apathy is combined with the extreme of wonder and awe.
The shore was occasionally lined with these curious specta-
tors, who, as they invariably adopted a squatting attitude,
looked like rows of penguins gazing for the first time upon
some intrepid Arctic explorer. It was the first time that
the "devil ship" of the barbarians bad disturbed the muddy
waters of the Iselin), or that the agitated pant of a 60-horse
power steam-engine had aroused" noon-day siesta the
placid inhabitants of its banks. But they did not content
themselves with gazing at or worshipping the god of steam ;
regarding it as the precursor of a power destined to over-
throw the present dynasty and raise itself upon its ruins they
faced the decrees of fate in a spirit worthy a nation which
has preserved itsexistence throughout changing dynasties for
countless ages, and, with cries of " Hail, great King ! wel-
come, oh, King ! come thou and reign over us and be our
Emperor !" they brought cattle and poultry and vegetables
down as presents. The pioneer of European civilization in
China would fare badly it he acted on the principle of tinteo
Danaos. On the 25tu of May the Staunch and Bustard,
leading gun-boats, containing the Marines :and small-arm
men of the Pique and Furious, under Captains Sir Frede-
rick Nicolson and Sherard sborn, sighted Tien-sin, and
the following day the Admirals in their respective ships,
Coromandel and Avalanche, anchored opposite the town.
Their success hitherto had so far exceeded their expectations
that they pushed ou beyond Tien-sin towards Toongchasv,
the port ef Pekin, and distant only 10 ten miles from that
city. The larger gun-boats were brought to a stand-still
very shortly after leaving Tien-sin, but the Kestrel, of 40-
horse power, with the ships' boats in tow, succeeded in reach-
ing a village about eight miles above this town. Meantime
other gun-boats were employed clearing the junks out of
the river between Tien-sin and the mouth, so as to render
it impossible for the Chinese to bar our egress by sinking
junks. The crowd of these making their escape in obe-
dience to orders was sometimes so great as to cause as
hopeless a jam as may occasionally be seen inside Temple-
bar. Titus Was accomplished in a few days, and without
the slightest difficulty, au operation which the
Frenc:r Admiral had declared impassible unless sup-
petered by a land force of 4,000 men, and which might
nave been as successfully undertaken a month seoner
had not obstacles existed of a far graver character than
any which the Chinese have it in their power to interpose.
At this time of the year the loss of that month is most deeply
to be regretted. Already we have most disagreeable evi-
dence of the proximity and probable temperature of a Pekin
summer. As soon as the Ambassadors were made aware of
the complete success of the Admirals they determined to
follow them to Tien-sin, in pursuance of their original in-
tention, and reached the city on the morning of the 30th of
May. A spacious temple, occasionally used as a residence by
a former Emperor, commanding a view of the river at its
junction with the Grand Canal, and opposite the city, was
I appropriated for the accommodation of the French and
English Ambassadors. Numbers of Chinese servants
were there in attendance ; a great many of the
rooms had been newly papered, and the work
of furbishing up was going on briskly. Baron Gros
and Lord Elgin occupy two light and airy pavilions on
the summit of a mound, ascended by a pathway of orna-
mental rockwork. Their respective statfs are scattered in
sundry fragile buildings of quaint construction, with paper
walls, or have made their bedrooms in a joss-house, in which
gods and goddesses are the principal articles of furniture. A
spacious garden, enclosed by a wall, surrounds The whole.
English and French guards occupy the outhouses and stand
sentry at the principal entrances. The national flags float
proudly over all, and a line of gunboats are moored within '
20 yards of the wiudows. These consist at present of the Co- !
rornandel, Cormorant, Slaney, and Opossum (English), the
Avalanche, Fusee and Dragonne (French). The Staunch, Bus-
tard, and Kestrel are anchored a mile above the town, and the
Leven, Woodcock, and Firm are somewhere between this
and the fleet. The Woodcock and Kestrel, both 40-horse
power, arrived a few days after the capture of Tungkoo. A
party of the engineers have also arrived from Hong Kong
in the Sampson, and are engaged in blowing up the fort,
after which it is expected they will come here. Numerohs
Yamuns afford abundant barrack accoratnodationt Notwite-
standiug the great variations in the temperature ( the ther-
mometer ranges from 65 deg. to 86 deg. in the 24 hours),
the health of the men continues excellent; supplies are abun-
dant, although some reluctance has been apparent on the
part of the country people lately in bringing them in,
through fear of incurring the displeasure of the authorities.
Ice is a luxury in which the Chinese upper classes freely in-
dulge during the summer months ; boats and coolies carry-
ing large blocks of it are constantly eeen passing to and
fro, and the barbarians have not been slow to avail them-
selves of so refreshing an article of consumption.
The interior of the city has been explored, but offers few
attractions to the stranger. The streets are broader than
those in southern cities, the houses poorer, and the curiosity
shops not to be discovered at all.
The city is nearly a square, situated on the angle farmed
by the junction of the Grand Canal with the Peiho river ;
each face is about a mile long. The wall, which would offer
no great obstacle, either from its height or solidity, to an at-
tacking force, is said to mount only 80 cannon. Formerly
a large floating population inhabited boats on the river
and canal, and an ex'ensive water traffic radiated in all
directions from this point. Since, however, the destruc-
tion of a large :portion of the Grand Canal by the
eccentric course recently taken by the Yellow River, the
traffic upon the smaller channels, which depended upon this
main at tery fur their supply, has very much decreased in
extent and importance. The subtitles of Ticn-sin cover a
great extent of ground, but the houses arc generally mere
mud hats, surrounded by mud walls, between which wind
narrow dirty lanes. Beyond the suburbs arc kitchen gar-
dens and fruit trees, and then a plain, unbroken by anything
higher than brickkilns, extends to the horizon. Four rivers
meander throK.-,h this plain, their course marked by groves
of trees, and far as eye can reach stretches a vast expanse
1-snrapl ir-eividr.,l by force et'g, toss% .51°4 ref
,n, r u,s age cursed ci:usevvuys, as a great portion of
country is submerged after the rains. The ditchesbyl
Ponies
tt is traversed in every direction are well bridged. pwou
and mules are abundant, and some of the members
rorsoafd to
the
missions already take their evening alongrides
Nemesis
play morn-
b
Pekin. The bands of the Calcutta and
ing and evening, and collect large crows of ad Tiring
Chinese.
The wholesome effect which this movement on. Tien-sin
has produced upon the Chinese Gi:rtontnilleyn t
thels wisdomalrea
apparent, and has proved most satisfactorily
of the policy pursued by the representatives cf the Four
Powers, which has been to conduct negotiations at a point
as near the capital as possible' so as to bring that pressure
to bear upon the Imperial Governtnint without w!Aich it is
hopeless to expect its compliance with the demands of the
outer barbarians, however reasonable and moderate those
demands may be.
The day before yesterday two new Imperial Commis-
sioners arrived with great ceremony from Pekin. They
were accompanied
by a large mounted retinue, and
followed by a train of mule carts carrying their baggage.
These functionaries, by name Kvveiliang and Hwashana,
are mandarins of the lightest rank in the empire. They have
announced themselves as specially empowered to treat upon
all the points specified by us as subjects of negotiation by
virtue of an Imperial decree, similar to that which was con-
ferred capon Keying on the occasion of the last treaty, as a
tut tiler proof of which they style themselves by our manu-
factured word " Plenipotentiary," a term unknown in their
own official vocabulary. A preliminary interview has boon
arranged with the British Ambassador for to-day in a build-
ing set apart for the purpose. Lord Elgin will be accom-
panied by a guard of 150 Marines and the band of the Cal-
cutta. Meantime it has been arranged that the Fury shell
proceed to-morrow to Hong Koug for the put pose of sending
up by the troop-ships Adventure and Assistance the 59th
Regiment, a battalion of Marines, and some Artillery, which
the arrival of the native regiments from India and the ex-
pected advent of the 77th- from Australia enable General
Stranbenzee to spare from the garrison of Canton. The
French Admiral is daily expecting a force of 600 Marines
who have just come out front France, so that within six
weeks we may calculate upon having collected here a mili-
tary force of 3,000 men, besides a very strong naval
brigade. In the event of the negotiations now about to
he commenced terminating unsatisfactorily there will be
no difficulty whatever, with this strong body of men,
in marching to Pekin along the excellent road
which leads to that city; and, however obstinate and
impracticable our previous experience may lead us to be-
lieve the Chinese Government, we can hardly suppose it to
he so infatuated as to brave the serious consequences which
must accrue if it continue to resist our demands, with an
army encamped beneath the walls of their capital prepared
to euforee them.

From these facts it would appear that the result of the
policy pursued by the allied Governments has been to place
them iu an attitude which gives them a complete military
command over the Imperial Government without interrupt-
ing the trade at any of th.! por's.
Count Putiatine and Mr. Reed, the Russian and Ameri
can Ministers, are living in a yamna which they have rented
upon the banks of the river.

(FROM ANOTHER CORRESPONDENT.)
PECHELI GULF, June 3.
My hurried letter on the morrow of what our French
friends are pleased to dignify with the name of the " combat
of the 20th of May" put you in possession Of certain affairs
up to that day. I believe I forgot to explain to you that the
belief throughout the fleet ie that after A month's

I\ EWS PAPER
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FiOn and threats of appeal to England . _ \,..s
..a. tea:-.„7 et ta.
c,,;,,,''':4,
land Lord tlgil "1
ded
at last in making the Adrnira's act, and that; evebnel
,t,ritig riluteilebsatatebleusotfhi'akuo,t
they did yield, it was with the proviso that the' would .nien
hind themseltes to do more than
tgad;a,
cceo,,n, vobae•catillisee Atitinel;asacseatriuoria•s
to
feel
ei,,,,lnciili
nocie,tih
e waye.. cunt:-
that ftes.,
desperate Chinamen would fight every
to Tien-sin.
However, the forts fell, nod alrhaugh only one solitary
barrier of junks existed between Taku and renin, wil
were one week going up from one to the other, and in that
distance of " thirty miles, as the crow flies," never met
with anything resembling opposition, and our sole difficulty
lay in getting along the allied admirals and tLe French
gunboats. The farmer would keep stopping to reconnoitre
to their front, and clear away junks Bout their rear, and the
latter succeeded in grounding, as usna', at every turn in
the stream. We at last got up to the heart of Tien-sin,
and the boats of the Furious and the Pique hall the honour
of being the first European craft in the northern entrance
of the great canal. Beyond Tein-sin the first division
(Staunch, Bustard, and Kestrel) explored the Peiho for
about 10 miles further towards the town of " Yang-swan,"
finding the water to diminish so much as to render any but
the smallest-sized gunboats unavailable for an advance on
Tung-chow, and they only by being lightened to four feet
by taking out the heavy anchors, cables. stores, See., which
were put into them for deep-sea cruising, but which
Captain Hall will not let them disperse with in these
still Waters. However, it will he time enough to talk of
..going to Tung chow when the admirals can be brought to
F..' eoe
ma neaa-ii
sn edcae swsui teyd for
upon
g oi
theirng f
t haecrue
lii--- ea, factup to
thewhich iais by
present
time. Theaatrien
erfere. tly
astonished at their own hardihood
in getting up w, far.
If yau ask what we sailors think,
we are all of one opinion. We declare that the superfluous
caution exercised in the advance on Tientsin, the mode in
otuaratrioce•tlittilienwrg•lev
itsbletrapssu- located;1111ln,
,ge coi ourselves
.3ro.,stlehlt Svoeei
sistVienmSga
osontUerrisCol its
Ofwllairttse, or
allsu iwttsietnwhdoalitlots
show the Chinese that there is a want of confidence in our
own strength. And as if to encourage them to perpetrate
the same acts of aggression as at Canton in the olden da
we are fast re-embarking all our seamen and Marines in day
vessels which are in the Gulf of Pecheli, turning the gun-
boats into a Pekin Black Ball Line, and allowing the Chi-
nese to go on just as if we were, what they say we are, a set
of piratical traders in broadcloth, who have no quarrel with
the Emperor, but a series of local quarrels, one day with Felt
at Canton, and another with Tang at Taku.
Unless we have a CaSUB belli, we had no right
to touch Taku or attempt to force a wav within
Chinese fortifications, and if we had one, we are distinctly
wrong and inconsistent in quitting a warlike attitude until
redress had been gained. Taku is just ..13 per post from
Pekin kwe are certain of that), and yet, although Taku fell
14 days ago, and we have one week halfway between Taku
and Pekin, it has taken the Emperor until to-day to send
us a Minister to trea*. Does that show they are
much alarmed, or does it argue they are either
in a baste to grand redress or be rid of our presence
at a place supposed to be the throat of the capital ?
No ; had we pushed on a light division against Tune-
chow, held Tien-sin as a base, sent despa•cli-yeesels to beat-
up the whole coast of Chile and Shangtung, worked and
kneaded these slow-thinking Tartars until they only saw
one way of escape from us and our gunboats', we should have
a treaty such as would repay England for all her delay and
expense, instead of now having to ask much and take little,
and the amount of that little purely dependent upon the
ability of Lord Elgin.
He (Lord Elein) tells everybody, as I hear, that he shall wait
here until doomsday rather than concede any of his just de-
mands, but we believe in our hearts that he finds the Admi-
ral so fail him in granting support to his demands that he
will have to be very moderate in pressing the Imperial Com-
missioner. Indeed, there is another •consideration to be
kept in mind. The Frenchmen can go no further in their
vessels; they maintain it is now alone by military operations
that Tung-chow and Pekin areto betaken or threatened, and
have accordingly ordered up the shiploads of marine infan-
try lately arrived at Hong Kong ; all that they say or wish
is our Admiral's law, and it would be an awkward thing for
us if, when Tung-chow was taken, or may be, Pekin, the
Frenchmen played first fiddle and we the second. How-
ever, we can only hope for the best; and I must say I
have considerable faith in Lord Elgin carrying us even-
tually through all the errors and difficulties which
surround the question, and he has risen fifty-fold
in all our estimation by the perseverance shown in bringing
the Admirals to act at all in support of his views, against a
certain Hong Kong policy of their own, which they are
pleased to state is that of Great Britain and France.
From the politics of this question, which I merely touch
upon to put you in possession of the true state of affairs, let
me turn to a more grateful subject—the river Peiho and
Tien-sin city.
We find that the bar of hard mud at the entrance is the
only impediment to navigation that exists in the Peiho, and
it, I fancy, could easily be deepened by means of a dredging
machine. At present only weasels of 11 feet draught may
cross ; the bar is above 1,200 yards long, and then 18 or 20
feet is foand at low water to a point five miles above Taku ;
thence to Tien-sin 12 feet may always be counted upon, for,
although here and there there is less at low water, there is
considerably more at high water. The river between the sea
and Tien-sin preserves an almost uniform breadth, equal to
the Thames at Putney; the current is not at this season
more than knots per hour, but it holds a great deal of fine
mud in solution. The river is remarkably winding, and the
turning points very acute, but that it is easy of ascent the
best proof I can give is that the Corotnandel, 200 odd feet
long, is now at Tien-sin. The banks of the stream are re-
markably well kept, and the track-paths, which are con-
tinuous on either side, in excellent condition, as they well
need be to do the work of the thousands of Shanghai and
Shantung junks we found loading and unloading through-
out the whole distance from Taktt to Tien-sin. The river in
no case up to the great canal requires artificial embank-
ments ; indeed, the level of the river seas considerably below
that of the adjacent plains, anti when at its highest only
overflows the marshes, and salines below Taku. Its bed is
generally a stiff, tenacious clay, int] neither rock nor stone
has been seen since we enured the Pei? o. Tien-sin is a great
disappointment. The city i-self, situated Oa the angle be-
tween the canal and the river, is only a square of about
one mite- on each fare—a collection of mean one-storied
houses, intersected at right angles by two good
streets; the rest a miserable collection of lanes and
hovels; walls in perfect ruins. Along the space marked with
houses in Maeartney's chart, houses and salt stores still
exist; but such a miserable collection of mud hovels! only
relieved here and there by some wealthy yamun. There is,
po•wittistanding this squalor and poverty, undoubted prosfs
of an immense business being done here in grain and mer-
chandise fir the interior, and I fancy Tien-sin is like many
places in Russia—a town where once a year merchants meet
to buy, sell and exchange, and then depart, leaving it but
little the richer for the convenience it has allot ded. My
own impression is that, as a place of import, it cannot be
too highly estimated. Tat :100,000 tons of rice now drawn
from the South we can import far cheaper and better from
Akyab or Siam. It is not from choice that we see tens of thou-
sands of emaciated coolies sitting on the banks of the Peiho.
ready to drag our boats anywhere for a handful of Shantung
beans, fit only for cattle, or black rice which has fermented
in the bilge water of a Shanghai junk's hold; and if Chile has
nothing but sycee silver and copper coin to give in return
for our grain and pulse, so touch the better that we who
pour in money to the southward for teas should be able to
extract it here for sotnething else than opium.
In the Straits of Mia-ton our large vessels can unload
into lorchas, or, better still, I fancy that a secure anchorage
may yet be found in the Sha-lintien Shoals, close to the
Peiho, where utiloading may go on incessantly. The navi-
gation from the latitude of the Yang-tse-Kiang to here
is the simplest a shipmaster will find. East of the Straits
of Sunda any fool with a lead line and an anchor may
come in safety to the entrance of the Peiho, and doubt-
less in good time, when the hydrographer of the Navy
shall deem it worth while sacrificing the survey of home
pors to these, which are less known, we shall find somesecure harbours not only here, but elsewhere. Whence
come the swarms of junks which cover daily the seas between
the Shantung promontory, the Corea, and the head of the
Gulf of Leotong ?
The itnpor•s here at first will mainly
oil-cake and flour; cottons of aconsist of rice, wheat,
coarse description and
articles of luxury, whether
lets, hardware and glass, besides.artic
cheap, likel American drills; woollehcloth_a_nd. flannel cam-,
for eating, wearing, or domestic purposes;—the exports,
metals,
fit for spars or
i
building. The avidity with which any European articles
wool, hides, flax, tallow, and woodare sought for is most amusing. I have been offered falm-
latis quantities of cash for a half-worn pair of Heng io;rig
boots Dow on my feet.

CRIMINAL S l'A I'ISI'ICS OF BOMBA Y.
An interesting and highly satisfactory report on the state
of crime and the Operations of the poliee in the town sot
h-lend of f r tee year 1857, has been submit tea 10
Government by the senior magistrate, Alr. W. Crawford.
From this official Coeument it appears that crime has -consi-
derably diminished of late years, while a new but numerous
class of petty offences has been eallcd into existence, or
rather brought to notice, by tee action of the Police Acts of
1856. It is certainly creditable to a large seaport town
with a population of fully 600,000 inhabi:auts, of all races
anil tongues, and mostly Asiatics, that only five cases of
murder should have occurred in twelve months, and.
not a single public execution, except of mutineers
duly punished by the military authorities. Two of these
murders were of wires by their husbands—one from jealousy,
the other in n fit of passion. A wife, aged only eleven, also
pleaded guilty to having poisoned her husband by mixing
arsenic with flour; but was acquitted through some flaw in
the evidence. Three persons only are said to have lost their
lives by manslaughter in the same perm d of time, and of
these one was the result of a railway accident caused by the
negligence of two of the officials. Of burglary, again, no
more than three cases are recorded implicating seven per-
sons, four of whom were convicted and sentenced to len-
prisontnent. In no one instance, however, was any personal
violence offered, nor is there any mention made of rob-
bery attended by violence. Gang and highway robberies,
likewise, appear to have been totally suppressed,
and the robberies that were committed are of a petty nod
insignificant character. One hundred and ninety-six per-
soes were charged with being concerned in 111 cases, in
each of which the value of the property stolen exceeded
Rs. 50 (X 5). In robberies of less amount than Rs. 50
'O4 persons were concerned or suspected, being a con-
siderable increase on the preceding year ; but on tne other
hand their detection may only be a proof of the greater
vigilance and efficiency of the police. One retro-
gressive step, however, is acknowledged and lamented,
which may partly account for the increased nunt-
ber of petty thefts the cases of drunkenness
brought before the magistrates exceeded those in the
preceding year by 306. Of the 3,400 persons accueed of this
.
offence contro Loftus mores, 3,192 were found guilty abeed,
punished. As no increase whatever had takt n place illß„the
number of spirit shops, it may be naturally inferred that
increaseth of growth of intemperance is caused rather by "than b 3. any:
the spit it-drinking portion of the communiree in
that greater facilities being afforded for indulgence
de-
grading habit. On the other
• bstandln4 the greater
less frequent than in 1856, notwit. hand. assaults were
_inivitshe num-
ber )c r prevalenceof
petty of tl
delinquentsoxi ca ti en . a
dT
with 1E
lilnlllB,sqCtrie_eaniceies
n 16,501 offences
50 per cent.,
emp esons but this is chiefly
being alleged against 29,---f Acts' XIII. and XIV. of that
year. representing P
the_
,nebgistra'es,
ascribable to theasolictie:rsma2tP2ie:,snrseo:at
by
year.
In the police cot.
- the course of the year of /5 per cent. in the
212
an increase 1
cases, were summarily
number of caves, convicted
and 100 per cent. in that of prisoner. The
value of property stolen throughout the year was barely
£6,000, or a decrease of eOO per cent. on 'hat of 1856,
and the lowest amount known for 16 years. Two hundred
and twelve inquests were held, and 18,162 deaths
are recorded against 15,069 in tile preceding year, the differ-
ence being partly owing to epidemical disease and partly to
the greater accuracy arrived at in ascertaining the amount
of mortality. Sixteen fires took place during the same
period, attended with the destruction of Rs. 55,e03 worth of
property.
,Finally, it may be mentioned that the municipal
revenue benefited to the extent of Rs. 55,472 for fines im-
posed in the police courts, in addition to Rs. 60,000 front
fees on licenses to sell spirits. This report was warmly coln-
meoded by Loide Elphinstoee, who at the same time passed
a high compiitnerit on the deputy comwissioner, Ur.
Foljett.-4 llored .Indian Hail.