The Sun.
London, England, 1858-02-26 00:00:00

SLIDES FOR THE STEREOSCOPE.

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The stereoscope now forms a popular and fas-
cinating addition to our numerous drawing-room
resources of scientific amusement. The renowned
Magic Lanthorn has str-ng claims on our juvenile
gratitude. The Kaleidoscope has charmed away
many a half-hour, with its ever-chancing beauties
of form and colour ; and Rectrieity, in its gentlest
mood and most el gant medium, has elicited shrieks
of mingied mirth and fright, and afforded useful
initiation in its wondrous powers to those who
might never otherwise have gleaned the slightest
notion respecting i-s agency. Now comes the
simple and inexpensive instrument, above named,
as a formidable rival ta our scientific toys, and we
h•tve before us on the ta,,le a set of attractive
stereoscopic slides, published by Messrs. Howell
And Downes, New Bond-street, illustrating the
various stages of the " Leviath it's" building pro
Ltrrss. They are skilfully selected in artistic points
of representation, giving side, stern, stt m, and
tther views of the ship, which render her architec-
tural lines distinct and perfect, from keel-
beam to chimney top. Our thanks are due
to Messrs. Howell and Downes for the
. ratification we have derived from these in-
s ructive 1 ale picru, es. We mustnot emit to
notice an ther specimen in the same department of
art, issued by the Loudon Stereoscopic Company,
Cheapsido, the subject of which was suggested by
Sir David Brewster, K. H. It represents a Ghost
Scene, and the pictorial effect of the spectral visi-
tant on the country clodhoppers, who have been
making merry over "cakes and ale," is something
startling. The shadowy character of the unearthly
intruder is wonderfully pourtrayed, and the para-
lysed terror of the rural trio is equally well ex-
pressed. We are certain ihat Sir David will be
amply repaid for his suggestion, by the laughter of
approbation from unlimited domestic audiences.

MARKET DLEWb.--aitit, Day

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THE SeN

THE AFFAIR OF THE CAGLIARI.

THE FRENCH gIIPEROR.

-The following is a copy of the despatch direct( d
Ito Count Gropallo, Sardinian Minister to the Court
of Naples, ou the capture of the Cagliari, dated
January 16, 1858 :
" Signor Conte—As soon as I received intelligence of
the affa r of Ponza and Sairi, I ha=ted to convey
I through you to the Neapolitan Cabinet the deep inclig•
nation felt by the Government of the King, at this cri-
minal attempt against the security of a friendly State.
" Tee events in question are sufficiently known, so
that it will ba enough to retrace them summarily in this
despatch.
" On the evening of the 25th of June, last year, the
Sardinian steamboat Cagliari, belonging to Rubattino
and Ca., sailed from Genoa foz its periodical destination
of Cagliari (Sardinian island) and Tunis. -
" After a few hours 25 out of 32 passengers attacked
the captain, turned him out of his command, made
themselves masters of the ship, and, intrusting the helm
to one of their party, sailed to Ponza.
"There having set at liberty 400 poisoners they sailed
in their company to Sapri, where they set at liberty
Captain Sitzia and his vessel. As soon as Sitzia re-
covered his fr e action by the cessation of the violence
exercised upon him he sailed towards Naples with the
intension of informing the authorities of what had hap-
pened. In the c ,urse of the voyage two Neapolitan men
of war, the Tancredi and the Ettore Fieramosca, cap-
tured the steamboat and carried her to Naples. There
she was sequestered and the crew and passengers ar-
rested and brought before the Criminal C
" In your despatch of July 4 (No. 41) you informed
that Commendatore Carafe, when acquainting you with
the; capture, addsd that the Caglieri had been aeiztd in
the waters of Policaetro ; and in thesame des etch you
stated that the Director of the Navy had told you that
the ship was stilt in that place. These circumstances—
that is to say, the capture of the ship on the spot where
the landing of the rebels took place, and in waters where
the Neapolitan Obvernment could exercise its jurisdic-
tion—prevented ae from remonstrating against the act
of the Neapolitan men-of-war. For this reason I merely
interposed my individual request for the speedy resto
ration of the ship and cargo to its proprietors, and for
the lioeration of the innocent crew and passengers.
Afterwards, when Commendatore Carafe, both
through you and his Majesty's Charge d'Affaires at Turin,
brought to my notice that the Neapolitan courtshad been
called to decide the question, and that the ordinary
means of reason and justice would be applied to the case
without delay, I made no further remonstraoce, relying
on the assurances and loyalty of the Sicilian Cabinet.
"The prohibition of all intercourse either with Capt.
Sitzia or the other Piedmontese subjects kept in strict
confinement—a prohibition which extended to yourself
as well as our consul, in spite of reiterated applications
—excluded his Majesty's Government from the surest and
simplest means of clearing up the facts, and from taking
the necessary resolutions on this grave matter.
" Meanwhile it came to our knowledge, on reliable,
though unofficial authority, that the Cagliari bad been
seized on the high seas, and after the captain bad resumed
his command of the vessel on the cessation of the violence
exercised by the conspirators. As on this hypothesis the
question was subetantially changed, I was in daily ex-
p otetion of spontaneous explanations on the part of the
Neapelitan Government, when the documents commu-
nicated to you by Commendatore Carafe, on Dec. 1, re-
moved a,l doubts on the subj. ot.
"Iu fact, the account of the capture drawn up by the
commeneer of the Tancredi, and the speech of the coun-
sel of the Admiralty to the commission of prize and
wreck officially prove that the Cagliari was seized about
30 miles from Salerno and 12 from the small creeks of
Capri. It is also proved that the violent occupation of
the vessel by the rebels had ceased, and that none of
them remained on hoard; that Captain Susie, having re-
sumed the ceminand of the ship, was by his own decla-
ration making for Naples, with a view to inform the
Sardinian 0 •ns-ul and the Neapolitan authorities of the
violence exercised towards him an 1 of the at•emptsof the
rebate. Under these circumstances, and le the presence
of these facts, legally proved and admitted his Majesty's
Government feels itself bound to request from the Nea-
politan Cabinet certain explanations, which have become
necessary, and a course of proceeding in conformity with
the most settled -rules of international right.
"The Cagliari was seized on the high seas—that is to
eay, on that free sea which is possessed by no one, and
over which no one has jurisdiction. From this point of
view the illegality of the capture cannot be disputed It
could not be justified on the principle of public right,
unless on proof that the Cagliari was a pirate. Now, the
Cagliari had a regular captain, patent of nationality, ship
Papers, and aas not engaged in any act of piracy. It had
from Gen.'s on its passage to Cagliari and Tunis,
ace rding t.) puolic adverti-eruent. Its voyages took
place at fixed periodical days ; in point of fact it was the
Royal mail packet be, ween the continent and the Isle of
Tne captain was, therefore, en regle, and the
capture of the vessel could not be justified by the
versally admitted principle that subjects pirates to the
jurisdiction of all nations.

" The Cagliari was not, as the counsel of the Neapoli-
tan Admiralty seems to argue, an enemy to the State; it
belonged to a friendly Power, by whose flag it was pro-
tected. The fact that forcible possession bad been taken
of her by the passengers, and retained for some time,
and that she bad then become the instrument of a wrong-
ful aggression, could not create that state of war which
does only exist between two recognised governments.
The mad inroad of Ponza and Sapri was tire act of a
handful of conspirators eigaged in a desperate enterprise,
and it would be an abuse of the legal import of terms to
compare and confound such attempt, of which it is im-
possible to say whether the madness or the guilt is
greater, with a legalised state of public war, in order to
found on it the resulting right of prize. This would be
the first time in which a band of conspirators and crimi-
nals has been recognised as invested with the prerogative
of a belli4erent Power.
" The attempt of Ponza and Sapri was a crime of
rebellion and robbery ; it was an ordinary crime, to the
trial of which the rules of the ordinary criminal law
ought to be applied, and in which the principles of
public right cannot be appealed to in the absence of all
foundation for such appeal.
" So far as we are concerned, moreover, the criminal
fact was at an end, The vessel had no rebels en board ;
it was under the command of its lawful captain ; its
national flag ought to have secured for it protection,
immunities, and privileges of the sea.
"Admitting the right of the Neapolitan frigates to
search the Cagliari or any other ship, although under
a friendly flag, it was their duty to release the vessel
the moment they recognised the geLuineness of its
nationality and its character.
" The account of the capture, the detention of Capt.
Sitzia on board the Tanoredi, the taking the steamer in
tow, her transfer to Naples and sequestration, the arrest
and detention of the captain, crew, and passengers, are
ads which are contrary to the principles of public inter-
national right in the intercourse of friendly Powers.
Neither the Government of his Sardinian Majesty nor
any other will ever acknowledge in a man of war the
right of capturing a merchantman, except when the ves-
sel is caught in the very act of piracy, which was nut
the case with the Cagliari. _ _

"From the facts and principles hereuntofore stated
and reasoned upon it is clear that the Government of
his Majesty feels itself bound and has the right to claim
the restoration of the Cagliari, and the liberation of
the persons who were arrested on board of her, what.
ever may be the legal proceedings commenced to their
prejudice.
" The capture on the high seas of a ship belonging
to a friendly Power being illegal, all the consequences
which flow from that fact are invalid. The proceeding,
therefore, already taken at Salerno against the accused
above referred to cannot be followed up except contu-
maciously (in contumacia), if the Neapolitan judges
think proper so to proceed.
"I beg you to communicate to Commendatore Carafa
the above, and to express to him at the same time my
full confidence that all the circumstances of this unhappy
affair being now cleared up, the Government of his Sici-
lian Majesty will yield to the just demand of the Pied-
montese Government, and with this view wi 1 give proper
direc ions for the release of the ship and cargo, and ior
the han,iing over of the prisoner, whose presence in this
kingdom is r equired for proceedings now pending before
our Admiralty, according to the penal regulations of the
navy.
" You will, Signor Conte, read and deliver a copy of
this despatch to Commendatore Carafa.
"I have the honour, &c.,
" CAVOUIt."

THE LATE '
ATTEMPTED ASSASVNATION OF

- -
The following letter
Joseph Mazzini to theeditor of the Times:—

a t
chSoei n
irrs,:lis slu the Acte di Accusation against Orsini and
o
findon Lel; aetx?rras
ohri ,
n‘
a‘ br
ye itai gt aApipi
cooi nn taffeionnilmB4i
t -
ted excesses which led to his condemnation for
robbery with violence, &c."
Orsini was chosen by me, and appointed by the
Roman Triumvirate, to go and repress at any cost
political murders which a small nucleus of mis-
guided men were perpetrating in Ancona. He
reached that town on the 21st of April, 1849, and
fulfilled in a few days, witli uncommon zeal and
energy, the task with which he had been intrusted.
Not a single murder took place in Ancona since
his appearance. His conduct was unanimously
praised. His language was worthy of his mission*.
The proofs may be seen in the official documents
published by himself in a very interesting pam-
phlett, in a tract " on Terrorism" frornthe Society
of the Friends of Italy, and in your own Parlia-
mentary correspondence of the year 1849.
The Acte d'Accusation declares that Orsini was
in 1855 " arrested at Vienna, and suspected of
having plotted the death of the Austrian Emperor."
Orsini was arrested at Hermanstadt, iu Hungary,
and never suspected of such a design. Not a sin-
gle question in the trial he underwent at Mantua
bears the slightest reference to it.
Whatever opinion of Orsini may be entertained
by those who frantically appeal to heaven and earth
against the attempted murder of a tyrant, and do
quietly witness, without a single word of indigna-
tion the lasting murder of a whole people in Rome,
none has the right of taxing Orsini with dishonesty,
theft, and concussion. The agents of Louis Napo-
leon ought to be contented with beheading his ene-
mies, without calumniating them.

* " Republic means humanity, not cruelty ; liberty,
not tyranny ; order, not anarchy; ho who thinks other.
wise murders the Rep ablic."-- Orsini's proclamation, April
27, 1419.
Memorie o Doeumenti intorno al Governo delra Re•
pubblica ROMAJAA, di Vence Orsini, Nina, 1850.

v, 0- r