The Sun.
London, England, 1858-05-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 26, 1858.

illustration of which circumstance, it is only ne-
cessary to remember that while ingenious and
elaborate projects are set on foot for the enlarging
and improving the fellowship examination—nothing
whatever is done towards the enhancement of the
value of a fellowship, so as to render it a prize
worthy of being struggled for by an undergraduate!
Meanwhile there still sits the weekly Board of the
Dublin University. There still survive not the
Seven wise men of Greece, but the Seven Wealthy
Senior Fellows of Trinity. There they remain
and flourish, as their pungent censor now writes
of them,—" witnessing with apathy the decline
of every other college interest but their
own "—" governing in their own interest,
auditing their own accounts, evading the most
just and reasonable demands for reform." The
few syllables we have here italicised in this pithy
but emphatic charge comprise within their narrow
compass the gravamen of the whole accusation.
The Seven Senior fellows, the actual administra-
tors of the University—" audit their own ac-
counts." How do they audit them ? Well, let
us see. To sum everything up in a few words,
we may tell upon the instant by comparing for a
moment the distribution of the fees paid by every
recipient of a degree at the Dublin Univer-
sity. Premising that the enigmatical cheirotheca
(from xeipov and Orncq) meaning, literally, "gloves,"
signified the head-porter, we would here excerpt
from the pages of the " Dublin Magazine" the
following rather remarkable tables of distribution,
as it (the distribution) was " ordered " in 1801,
and as it was "ordered" in 1851. Introducing
these tables only with a—

" Look on this picture—and on this !
Distribution in
,__—,-_----,

DEGREE of A.M. 1801 1851
Trinity College, or "common chest" £2 10 0 £1 2 6
Vice-Chancellor 0 5 0 0 5 0
Library
Cheirotheca
Bedell and Janitor
Proctor
Registrar
Provost and Senior Fellows Nil. 4 10 0

:,'T 18 6 £9 16 6

DEGREES of LL.D., M.D., or Mus.
D., including LL.B. and Mus. B.
Trinity College, or" common chest" £l2 0 0 £2 15 0
Vice-Chancellor 1 3 0 1 10 0
Library '
Professor 3 0 0 3 0 0
Cheirotheca
Bedell and Janitor
Proctor
Registrar
Provost and Senior Fellows - Nil. 16 0 0

too, pestilentially, from far above Westminster-
bridge to far below the Isle of Dogs by all the
Londoners dwelling on either side of the Thames,
either in Surrey or in Middlesex. The fact is
one that "stinks in the nostrils" of a population
of 2,000,000. It is a perpetual manufactory
of disease that adds clearly and incontrovertibly
to the aggregate of the annual mortality. Yet—
in spite of the glaring evidence accumulated upon
this subject by all the senses—including even
that of taste among the wretched inhabitants of
London who are supplied with Thames water
but very partially filtered—there are men actually
amongst us who avow themselves to be yet un-
convinced as to the fact of the supposed contami-
nation of the river being in any way injurious to
the surrounding population I Witness this the
public meeting referred to as having recently
taken place in Great Queen-street, in reference to
the Question of the Main Drainage of London.
" It has not been proved," said one of the reso-
lutions carried at that meeting, a resolution by
the way proposed by a member of the vestry of—.
0 most appropriate locality !—Shoreditch ; " It
has not been, proved that the Thames exerts a preju-
dicial influence on the health of the metropolis !"
The reporter informs us, " This resolution, al-
though it encountered some little opposition, es-
pecially in reference to the non-prejudicial in-
fluence of the Thames in its present condi-
tion, was declared by the chairman to
be carried." Of course—that was the
reason of these amiable wiseacres having come
together. They were there as members of the
Know-Nothing Party, int,ent upon forwarding, by
the sheer weight of the vis inertia of their own
collective stupidity, the grand Do• Nothing policy,
which has a marvellous fascination for the sticklers
for—what is that favourite phrase of theirs 1—
Vested Rights—that, we believe, is about the
English of it. And so they come together now,
these wonderful men, not to end, but to per-
petuate what they call " the self-cleansing powers
of the river," and "to prevent the deposit of
mud in its channels and on its banks." How ?
by facilitating the access into the river of these
odious and obnoxious accumulations. The notion
of diverting the drainage from the river Thames
they are decidedly averse to—because it will impose
a frightfully enormous taxation upon the already
heavily burdened ratepayers." That is really and
truly the beginning and the end, the alpha and
the omega of their entire argument. We must
not dream of cleansing—as we call it—it is too
expensive. Besides the river is not so VERY nasty
after all—rather pleasant, perhaps, than other-
wise. And then the projected change, they
remind uq, would involve the expenditure of
several millions sterling. Finally, they insist that
all the facts and figures they can bring to bear
upon the matter "demonstrate that this im-
portant question is not yet ripe for solution."
When will it be ? when Loudon is again ravaged
with the Plague ? Perhaps then it might be
admitted by them to be " ripe for solution."
Not certainly when the deaths in London every
week are only just a trifle over a thousand ! We
must show a yet more deplorable increase in the
mortality—and then, perhaps, we may dream of
putting an end to this monstrous and destructive
abomination.

Judging from the fruit display on either hand
all the way down Covent garden Arcade, one
might readily fancy, of course, that May is no
longer vernal but autumnal. Throughout the
country, however, far and wide, already at this
early period of the year, the prospects of crop and
harvest may in a great manner ho antioipatad.
' There are the auguries strewn about us everywhere
abundantly—in the tender green of the wheat-
field, and on the boughs of the orchard, now that
the turf beneath them has been whitoned with
the fallen blossoms. It is something more than
merely satisfactiry to know that in almost every
particular these auguries appear now at this turn-
ing point of the year to be of a more than usually
auspicious character. With the one solitary ex-
ception of the plum, the fruit seems to have set
very plentifully. The pear, apple, and cherry crops
more particularly giving promise far beyond the
average. In the hop districts, although in many
places polling has been completed and tying has
commenced, the season is; not sufficiently advanced
to justify any reliable calculations. It is reported
from all sides, however, that the shoots are every-
where hardy and rapid in development. The potato
unfortunately, in consequence of the late winter
and the tardy spring, threatens—at any rate to be
precarious. It is conjectured that the roots will
scarcely have reached maturity before the season
when the dreaded blight usually makes its appear-
ance. Generally speaking, the grass crops are
magnificent, the pasturage surpassing expectation,
and the hay harvest being already upon the eve of
its commencement. Already, moreover, the
3ereals are growing with such unwonted rapidity
that the only anxiety is lest 1858 may take rank
among the great straw years—years when by the
very strength of the stalks the grain becomes
necessarily impoverished. Altogether, things are

decidedly "lopking up" among our country
cousins, the agriculturists. After the late commer-
cial crisis, the tightness of the money market, and
the inevitable dearth of employment—these are
not surely trivial themes for general consideration.
They are matters that come home to us all alike.
They are topics to each amongst us of vital im-
portance. Therefore it is that even now we have
reverted to the prospective probabilities of good
crops of serials, of fruits, and of esculents, as to
expectations hardly less interesting to the town-
bred citizen than to the yeom in and the farm
labourer.

ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON INTELLI-
GENCE, d:c.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDZNT.)

COWES, MAY 25.
The following ya-clits are in Cowes Roada :
Zoe, L-trd Yarborough ; Lavra:ik, Lord Colville
Enigma, R. Franklin, Esq. ; Titania, R. Stephen-
son, E. 1., M. P. ; Alca, Capt. Pnilinore ; Irene.
Elward. Cotrell Scholefield ; Rattlesnake, R. Duff,
Esq. ; Lila Rookh, Viscount Bangor.
The following noblemen and gentlemen have
been at the Squadron House during the week :
Viscount Bangor, Sir Alex. B Lnnerman, Ba,rt.,
Richard Fcankland, Eiq., Lord Colville, Captain
Ponsouby, Spencer do Horsey, Lord A. Fitzgerald,
Thomas Baring, Esq., Lord Shetbourne, George
Beatinok, Esq., M.P., Capt. Hamilton, Right
Hon.. Henry Corry, Sir Julia Bayley, Bart., J.
Maxse, Esq., Capt. de Horsey, R.N., Lord Giford,
and F. P. Delme Radcliffe, Esq.

al Highness Prin'ce Albert leaves Osborne
for Germany on Thursday.
As at pres•cut a-ranged, her Majesty and Coutt
will leave Osborne on Monday.

The Duchcss of Inverness will give a grand hall this
eve-iug, at her apartments in Kensington Palace.
Tike C ,unteßß of Athematic and the L idie4 L
ani Augusta Kvpel have arrived at 11, Groibenor-
•quar,, from the Continent.
Lord and Lvly Muncaster have arrived at Xmond's
Hotel, in ClifEnd.street, from Warter Priory, York-
shire.

Toe Chancellor of the Ex;hequer and Mrs. D:sratli
have left town for Langley-park, Slough.
The Geo. Benin do Veaux has left Claridge's Hotel
f Paris_

NEW VESSELS LARGER THAN THE LEVIATIIA.N.—Tbe
vessels spoken of uodar this head turn out to be only a
string of barges hooking on to each other by stem and
Stern, the whole rank, being dragged by a steam vessel.
['his is Mr. Bourne s plan of Indus navigation for the
(Mental Steam Navigation Company. It is simply a
water railway train.

LATEST NEWS.

MALTA, MAY 25.

The Wanderer steam gunboat has been des-
patched to Gibraltar to order the Renown and
Racoon, on their way from England, to remain at
Gibraltar, it being, reported that several of the
many steam liners assembled at Toulon are about
to mike a demonstration against Morocco.

Th 9 Dutchman has arrived with the second
division of the 3d Buift?.

TRIESTE, MAY 25.

A despatch has been received here which says :
Lord Elgin has declared to the merchants of
Shanghai that ho will persist in his demands upon
the Chinese Government, and will maintain them
by force of arms, if necessary, beforo Pekin.
The fleet under Lord Lyons has entered the
Adriatic. •

those who sit in the seat of effice see more clearly the I
obstacles and the difficulties that strew the path, and •
they know that perchance, by two great hurry, they
would augment the dangers to liberty, the impediments
to reform, and even imperil what has already been won.
It is our intention to administer the affairs of the country
independently of all spirit of party. Outside the field of
politica we shall equally consider all parties in the State.
With respect to material interests, we shall attend to '
them for those districts which return deputies adverse to
the Ministry as zealously as for those which send us sup-
porters ; in past years we have made efforts for the Savoy
Railroad ; this year we will endeavour to promote the
road of Savona (` Bravo.) As to those international rela-
tions which are not of a political nature, we intend to
profit by the assistance of all men of genius and capa-
city. This system is already of old standing in our Ad-
arnistration. It was inaugurated in 1851, when, the
country finding itself in much more serious financial dif-
ficulties than at present, we were obliged to have re-
course to foreign credit. In those circumstances Deputy
Revel has impugned my economical system ; but I did
not hesitate to have recourse to his patriotism for the
negotiations respecting the loan, and I have to emigre-
tulate myself on having done so, for he fulfilled his mis-
sion to the complete satisfaction of the Ministry, and to
the advantage of the country. Nor did any political con-
sequences spring from it ; Deputy Revel did not return
from England more favonrable to the Ministerial policy.
(Laeghter.)"
Count Cavour then referred to the mission of
Colonel Menabres, which, I lately mentioned, had
excited some comment here, and said that he was
convinced both the Minis'ry and the country would
have cause to congratulate themselves on the choice
that had been made ; and he added that, if to-mor-
row the Cabinet were called upon to treat some
serious international question relating to railways,
he would not hesitate to have recourse to the de-
puty then presiding with so much distinction over
the deliberations of the Chamber, and who had
given proof of so much skill in that branch of
science. This reference was to Signor Depretis, of
the Left, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Cham-
ber, who, the President being unwell, then
then filled the chair. He had faith (he continued)
in the patriotism of his political adversaries, who•
ther on the Right or on the Left, and should not
scruple to claim their services when politics were
not in question :--
"This has been our policy for many years, and it will
be applied upon occaeione in a large field. If to-morrow
the war of independence were to break out, and even
- hough the deputies for Savoy, from conscientious mo-
tives, should declare themselves opposed to that war,
the General (turning to D,la Marmora) who would com-
mand the army would not hesitate to place in the fore-
most files the generous sons of the brigade of Savoy,
who on other occasions have shed their blood for the
Italian cause. ('Bravo ! bravo !' and marks of adhesion
and rump' hy.) I should have nothing more to say, bad
not Deputy Costa finished his moderate discourse by
launching an envenomed dart at the Ministry, He said
that the flattering hopes (lusinglte) of which we hold out a
glimmering to Italy are snore moc'eeries (atti derisoree),
and that by some they might be interpreted as means of
g ,vernment. Deputy Costa, in short, charges ns with
making a means of government of our professions of
nationality and Italianism. This is a grave and painful
alcusation. I may repel it with the facts of all my
Parliamentary life. I will make use, however, but of
one argument. I will invoke a testimony which can-
not be suspected of partiality even by Deputy Costa. I
think that Deputy Costa would not be a irprised were I
to decline the judgment of that press which combats
this Ministry the utmost. I, nevertheless, will not
invoke that of my political friends, nor the authority,
of the Liberal press of Europe, which is almost with-
out exception, favourable to us. I will invoke the
official press beyond the Ticino, the press of Verona and
Vienna. Let Deputy Costa observe with what senti-
ments the policy of this Ministry inspires that press,
and then let him say if his accusation can be well.
founded. (' Bravo ! bravo !') In presence of the
inn-
mense animosity produced at Verona and Vienna by this
Ministry's declaration of its deterwina-ion to follow a
national and Dalian policy, you will hesitate before
giving a vote which, perhaps, might be ill-interpreted
. beyond the Ticini, since it would have the applause of
those who certainly have no favourers in this assembly."

Count Cavour eat down amidst loud cheers.
After a rec'hication by Signor Costa, the President
declared that it was Deputy Sineo's turn to speak.
This much-dreaded deputy rose, and commenced
his discourse by a farfetched parallel between the
Cavour Cabinet and Scheherazade. The Chamber
laughed at him and began to run away. It was the
exact realisation of Pasquino's recent caricature.
Before he had spoken for three minutes the 150
deputies were reduced to 50. These rapidly has-
tened away, the reporters closed their notebooks,
and Sineo, for want of audience or chroniclers, was
fain to hold his peace and depart.

MAY 23.

In yesterday's sitting of the Chamber it was pro-
posed to make holiday on MOnday and Tuesday, as
many Deputies would be absent fur the opening of
the Acqui Railway. The suggestion was opposed
by Sign ::ost). de Beauregard. On the proposal
of the President of the .ouamber a middle course
was ad.,,pted. The debate on the loan is suipended.
until Tauraday, but the Chamber will meet to-
fmorr•,w and the two following days, and take into
consideration the reports cf the Commission for
Inquiring into Elections. Many of the Deputies
are evidently de3ircus of two or three days' holi-
day, and as a considerable number intend going
to 4cqui, it is possible that no house may be made
to-morrow. Tuis matter settled, Count Cavour
rose to reply to one or two points of Signor
Casaretto's speech of the preceding day. He was
glad to find, he said, that Signor Casuetto, as one
well skilled in maritime affairs, recognised that, in
that respect, the present Government's system of
taxation was not burdensome. He entered ir.to
some details with respect to the outlay made by
Government for works advantageous and useful to
the commercial marine. When Deputy Casaretto,
he said, had passed in review the public works that
had been proposed and approved (demanding, at the
same time, the abandonment or suspension of nearly
all Of them) why had he not spoken of the sums voted
for the part of Genoa ? The State is now paying
more than it derives from the tixes on navigation.
For the port of Genoa 700,000 f. have been spent
this year. He (Cavour) was far from wishing to
diminish the sum ; on the contrary, he would op-
po3e any proposition in that sense ; but these also
were expenses that swelled the passive side of the
budg&. The Minister continued :

"It is a pleasant office to advocate great works, like
the maritime association of Genoa, which petitions the
Chamber, and then to come here and mourn over the
immensity of those works and the deficiency of means.
The Ministers are to have the unpopularity of aruggling
energetically, in Parliament and in the Ministerial
saloons, against the demands for new works ; then a
fresh unpopularity for insisting on those expenses which
were voted. The position of Ministers is really too plea.
sant, and it was quite necessary that Signor Sineo should
try to temper its sweetness w;th a draconian law on
➢Ministerial responsibility."

Count Cavour then proceeded to say that the ques-
tion of the maritime arsenal of Spezia had been
subjeceed to a new examination, and that the Go-
vernment recognised that the transfer of the navy
from Genoa thence had two objects-1. To pro-
vide a convenient station for the Sardinian ships of
war, since the port of Genoa could not contain
them even in their present number, and still less
could it do so when the two large frigates now
building should be finished. The wet dock could
accommodate but one frigate, and in the port the
ships of war would be greatly in the way of the
merchant vessels. This he could state on the au-
thority of Signor Casaretto himself, who had been
recently charged by the Genoese Chamber of
Commerce to remonstrate with Government on the
subject. It was neither prudent nor safe to send
the men of war to the new pier, and
hence the': necessity of providing a placb for
them. It was' also necessary to give instruc-
tion to the crews, and this was impossible in the
port of Genoa. The Ministry considered it of ca-
pital importance to make of Spezia 'a strategical
point, in case of war, whether by land or sea. But
these objects might be ob'ained without a marine
arsenal. It was, however, necessary to complete
the fortifications projected bath on the land and
on the sea side. The arsenal would be more
convenient at Spezia than at Genoa, but it had
not a character of urgency. Finally, the Govern-
ment saw no inconvenience in announcing to
the Chamber that it was disposed to postpone
indefinite:y the work's for the construction of the
arsenal. Their estimated coat might, therefore,
be struck out of the budgets of 1837, 1858,
and .1859, thus doing away with a sum of 6,000,000
francs. On the other hand, if it were deemed indis-
pensable to make Spezia the basis of naval opera-
tions, it must notbe forgotten that Genoais the prin-
cipal point of defence. Count Cavour felt convinced
that a hostile fleet would hesitate to attack Genoa
if there were a Sardinian fleet at Spezia, much more
than if this were in the port of Genoa itself. If
the old Government, which had spent manymillicn4
iu fortifying Genoa on the land s'cle, had devoted
seine of them t) fortifications on the sea side, it
would have rendered an immense service to the
State. It would, VI( refure, be necessary .to ask a
credit to improve the fortifications of Geno t on the
sea face, and to create new means of defence. All
the militet y Deputies would certainly approve this.
The Minister of Marino would pretent,:therefol e,
in a few days, a project a7iking out the sum allotted
to the marine arsenal, postponing it to better times,
and proposing a credit for the improv, ment of the
fertific ttions of Genoa, to create new bat cries, t n
for the edifices necessary at Spezia. On the one
hand 10,000;000f. would be diminished, on the
other 2,000,000 f. would demanded. " I ripe it,"
said Cavour, ".my profound conviction that tee
fortification of Spezia is a matter of ateolute and
urgent n, cessity. (Sensation in the Chamber.)
In conclusion, Count Cavour said lie would
communicate to the Chamber a ,fact which had
reference to this discussion. Thereupon the
Chamber, which, however much it may attack and

try to thwart Cavour's policy, always listens to him
with profound attention, pricked up its ears :
" Yesterday (said Cavour) as I was leaving this house
pre-occupied by many thoughts, I accidentally met an
engineer—our former colleague (Signor Soinumiller),
whom the electors of Savoy have forgotten, notwith-
standing that he ever showed himself a steady partisan
of liberal opinions, and aho has taken advantage of that
oblivion to devote a'l his time and energy to a work
which will honour not only himself but his ungrateful
country. (Murnaure and sensation on the Right.) I
questioned him as to what he had been doing during the
many months we had not met. He replied, with a smile
(well for him that he did not hear the speech of Deputy
Casaretto), 'I have just returned from Brussels, where
I have completed the arrangements for the machinery
for the traforo (the Mont (Mph tunnel), and with im-
provements that will save expense while increasing
efficacy. Instead of 1,500,000 f., only 1,0005000 f. will be
necessary.' He then told me th tt he had found himself
in contact with many scientific men, French and others,
and that all approved his project as well founded. And
I do not understand how the Deputies for Genoa can
have such small faith in engineers who were the first in
Europe to vanquish with locomotives a gradient of more
than 3 per cent. It seems to rue that they do not deserve
to be treated as Utopians. (Bravo ! Great attention.)
And if they say that the tunnel will be made with
20,000,000 f., and in seven years, why speak of
60,000,0001., and of—l know not how many-50 or 60
years? (Caearetto—l spoke only of millions.) Ah the
hon. deputy spoke only of millions, (fa his speech of
the previous day Casaretto had said that the Mont
Cenis tunnel would oost perhaps 100,000,0000
Then he told me another fact, which made a painful im-
pression upon me. He told me that, after long corre-
spondence, he was about to conclude an engagement
with one of the principal railway engineers, who has
the supreme direction of the Spanish railroads, a con-
tract to construct by his system 25,000 meters of tunnel.
This news was a painful shock to me. If the Words of
my adversaries on the right and left should make an
impression on the n ajority of the Chamber, and if the
suspension of the works should be voted, I thought of
the consequences ; I thought that I ought to turn to
you and say, If you follow the counsels of deputies A.
Costa and Casaretto, of the deputies of the right, and,
perhaps, of the deputies from Savoy, history will stamp
us with that blame which still, after the lapse of four
centuries, obscures the glory of Genoa—(Mermurs on
the extreme right and left. Cries of 'Yes !" Yes !'
from the centre)—which constrained the great Colum-
bus to quit his native shores, and to beg from a foreign
potentate the means of carrying out the sublime enter-
prize confided to him by Providence." (Applause.)
After a speech from Signor G iuglauetti, the Re-
porter of the Committee on the LOAD, and some
further conversation, Count Revel postponed speak-
ing until Thursday next, and the Chamber rose.
With respect to the silk trade and crop I have
nothing new to mention. The weather has become
warmer, and the prospect of successfully rearing the
worm is, therefore, improved. As yet, however,
iu this country, the worms have reached only the
second stage, and the fourth must arrive before
anything like a well-grounded calculation can be
ventured as to the results of the crop. Meanwhile,
there have been some orders from Lyons, and daily
sales have been made, without fall in prices. The
holders are not anxeous to sell, as they consider
a scanty crop probable, some of the accounts from
abroad being unfavourable. In Lombardy most of
the worms are in the third stage, and look well.
From the province of Verona, where the abundance
of mulberry leaves is great, the accounts are very
good. The foreign eggs imported, of which. the
highest eulogiums are wade, are those from Carniola
and the noith of Turkey.