The Sun.
London, England, 1858-09-11 00:00:00

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PRICE 4D. STAMPED, 51)

MILFORD ILI VEY.

The splendid. capabilities of Milford Haven have
long been recognised. Nelson expressed in words
his admiration
of it; but more than a century before
Nelson, Penn, by the use he made of it, had borne
still more unequivocal testimony to its merits. But
commerce will not be allured to any place merely
because it affords safe riding for ships.. Until our
railway system was developed, lford Haven,
though an admirable harbour, was remote from
any of those busy centres of industry and accumu-
lated property which attracts merchants. Hence it
came that the Mersey, with all the difficulties
and dangers which its flat, wind-swept shores
and innumerable shoals presented, became a
thronged resort of traffic, while Milford Ha-
ven, remained almost as unvisited as in the
days of the Ap Griffiths and Llewellvns. The
deficiencies of the Mersey as a port were disre-
garded
on account of its proximity to the great pro-
ducing counties of Lancashire, Cheshire, Stafford-
shire, and Yorkshire. • But now that railways have
already brought Milford Haven, or are rapidly
bringing it, into close proximity with the metro-
polis and with the manufacturing districts, sailors
and shipowners are awakening to its capabilities of
a harbour. This explains the deMonstration •at -
Pembroke Dock, which it was yesterday our pleas-
ing.-task to chronicle. We do not expect—and still
less do we wish—that Milford Haven should rise on

the ruins of any of our established ports, or prevent
the development of the trade of others. Southamp-
ton Water and the Mersey will keep their ground ;
Galway, or Valentia, or both, will become the great
stations for the receipt and despatch of mails and
passengers between England and North America,
and the export and import harbours for the trade
between Ireland and the New World. But Milford
Haven will rise to an equality with the best of these
places. There is ample room for them all ; the
fresh start in the development of our island re-
sources which is being made under the auspices of
steam locomotives and the electric telegraph, will
render all these maritime stations no more than
sufficient for the giant growth of English commerce.
It is a great recommendation of Milford Haven
that it opens on the broad Atlantic. It offers a
refuge to seamen, to reach which they need not
embay themselves in any narrow straits or channels.
Its entry is boldly defined, and free from hidden
perils ; while within there is ample room for whole
navies of ships of the largest draught, with ample
shelter from every wind that can blow. The Mersey
and the Clyde, from their immediate proximity to
regions of busy and productive industry, will con-
tinue to attract as many vessels as ever ; for mer-
chants have a well-grounded aversion to frequent
repetition of the act of breaking bulk, and seek
therefore to ship their goods as near as possible to
the place where they are produced. But an im-
mense trade will be attracted to Milford Haven,
now that carriage thither from the manufacturing
districts has become safe, speedy, and economical,
and that the mineral wealth of South Wales is
being so extensively exploite. Milford Haven will
assume the rank, as a trading port, which Bristol
once held. Its commerce will bear the same ratio to
the aggregate commerce of England in the nine-
teenth century that the commerce of Bristol did to
the aggregate commerce of England in earlier ages.
And there are certain local traffics which advantage
of position will inevitably attract to Milford
Haven. It will contest with Southampton Water
the character of the natural place of deposit
for the commodities which are shipped to or
landed from an important portion of our Colonies.
The shipping of the West India Colonies will
naturally make for it ; it will attract the trade
of the Cape Colony and Western Africa ; and all
that important portion of the passenger and goods
traffic of our Southern Colonies which takes the
Panama route--that is, the bulk of the trade of New
Zealand, Tasmania, New South Wales, and the
district around 'Moreton Bay—will also resort to it.
To our growing commerce with the Brazils Mil-
ford Haven offers an equally eligible emporium ;
but our anticipations of the future for this harbour
are more disposed to rest on its possible and pro-
bable colonial connexions. England is essentially
a colonising country. She, of all modern States,
has alone succeeded in establishing free filial com-
munities, whereas the others have only been able
to create dependencies. England laid the founda-
tions of the Great Western Republic ; and though
the United States—as we sgy of sons and daughters.
who have set up establishinents of their own apart
from the paternal home—are now forisfamiliated,
the great Canadian, West Indian, and Australian
groups, and the infant empire of South Africa, still
remain connected with us by the closest family
ties. We need only turn to the statistical tables of
the Board of Trade to be convinced that our com-
merce with the United States and our Colonies is
by far the most important part of our aggregate
commerce. Being carried on with communities
which have hived off the parent stock of Britain,
and which retain British tastes and habits, our
productions suit them better than any other
people. Possessing ample vacant lands their num-
bers increase more rapidly than those of old coun-
tries. Every way they are the most sure and
profitable customers we can have. The mercantile
relations between Colonies and Mother-Countries
arc unsusceptible of destruction or even diminution
from political enmities or alienation. Notwith-
standing the enmity engendered by the unfortunate
circumstances under which the United States broke
loose from us, the growth of the commercial inter-
course between the two countries never knew pause
or intermission. And Mauritius, which has been
incorporated into the British Empire for half a cen-
tury, continues to this day to have more intimate
commercial relations with the Garonne than with
the Thames. Add to these considerations, that colo-
nisation calls those more lucrative and more certain
markets into existence, adds them to those which
our merchants continue to frequent to as great an
extent as they could have done though we had been
destitute of colonies. And, perhaps, the mere aug-
mentation of the national wealth which England
derives from her colonies is the least benefit she
owes them. Our narrow island, but for the colonies,
would soon have become over-populated. The colo-
nies not only find subsistence and profitable employ-
ment for those who would have been doomed to
idleness and poverty at home ; their demand for our
productions enables a more numerous population to
reside in comfort within the island than could other-
wise have done so. They have saved us to a great
extent—if more adequately turned to account they
might save us to a still greater extent—from the
demoralising influence of a surplus and pauper po-
pulation. It is an instinctive sense, rather than a
definite conception of these benefits, that has made
and kept England a colonising country. Her efforts
in colonisation are, it is true, intermitting, but they
are incessantly renewed after brief intervals of
repose. From 1830 till within the last year
or two the heart of England was keenly bent
upon colonising enterprise. Within that period the
progress of the British North American Provinces,
of the Cape Colony, of Tasmania and New South
Wales, has received a new impetus, while Victoria,
New Zealand, Southern and Western Australia,
have been called into existence. The brief succeaso
of interest in colonial undertakings cannot last long.
And it is not the least of many favourable omens for
the future of Milford Haven that some enterprising
men have associated themselves with a view to
render it the recognised starting-point of emigrants
for New Zealand, Eastern Australia,
7?,nd the new
colony of British Columbia.—Daily .Aews.

Mr. Robson, after having concluded, with Mr. W.
S. Emden, a most prosperous season at the Olympic Theatre,
is at present in Edinburgh, but his numerous admirers here
will not at present see him on the stage, as he is travelling
with his family to recruit his energies after the arduous
London season.—Scotsman.
THE MURDERER BUCKNELL.—The Taunton
Courier reported last week that the mother of the culprit,
Bucknell, had died of a broken heart just a week after her
son was executed, and that a sister of the murderer had
nearly gone mad since the execution—all which is a mere
fabrication.—Sherborne Journal.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—A most interesting recovery from
a vast complication of diseases, such as indigestion (dys-
pepsia)l flatulency, constipation, nervous, bilious, and liver
complaints, cough, asthma, consumption, and debility,
without the aid of medicine, by Du Barry';delicious Revs-
lenta Arabica Food, is recorded in the following letter :
Cure 52,422. Bridgehonse, Frimley, April 3, 1854.—Thirty-
three years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange,
ment, deafness, singing in the ears, constipation, debility,
shortness of breath, and cough, have been removed by your
Revalenta Arabica. My lungs, liver, stomach, head, and
ears are all right, my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a
marvel to all my acquaintauces.—J. Roberts, wood merchant.
Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of
Chemistry, Dr. Andrew Ure, Dr. Harvey; Dr. Shoreland,
Dr. Campbell, Dr. Gattiker, Dr. Wurtzer, Dr. Ingram, Lord
Stuart de Decies ; Major-General Thomas King, and many
other respectable persons, whose health has been restored
by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Suitably
packed with full- instructions. In canisters, 11b.
2s. 9cl. ; 21b. 4s. 6d. ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. Us. The 121 b ca-
nisters are sent carriage free on receipt of a Post-office
order. Barry Du Barry, & Co., 77, Regent-street, London,
and through all chemists and grocers in town and
country. Important caution against the fearful danger of
spurious imitations : The Vice-Chancellor Sir William
Page Wood granted an injunction on the 10th March,
1854, ainst Alfred Hooper Nevill for imitating "Du
Barry's l,evalenta Arabica Food.

2 -, - ------ -
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N - SPAPER
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TILE CA MAT Olitlif2l S ---,,,- t- -"‘7-
Captain Mowbray Thomson, of tilt' '' s
has addressed the following letter twz • •,.,..• - A.O
Justice to the dead compels me '7*B' -,K-'.4lr
:,-, ,
give place in your valuable imumal tom rphitie s
contradiction of the account of the awffpore
massacre transferred to your columns on the 3d -
inst. from those of the Indian Empire, and alleged
to be the statement of Mrs. 'Murray, the wife of
Sergeant-Major 3lurray. It is not for me to con-
jecture by what means this poor woman has
been induced to give utterance to such a ver- -
sion of our troubles at Cawnpore as she has done,
but I feel bound to correct her narrative, and I feel
sure that my brother officer, Lieut. Delafosse, who
is in this country, will be able to substantiate the
allegations I now make.
After a truthful reference to the general uneasi-

ness pervading the native mind whi-ch preceded the
outbreak, Mrs. Murray states that General Wheeler
ordered a parade, and read a general order discon-
tinuing the old musket, and directing the use of
the Enfield rifle for the future.
She says, "The Sepoys refused to use the new
guns. Parade was again ordered with no better re-
sults, &c. Now, sir, I affirm that there was not an
Enfield rifle in Cawnpore until 15 men of the Ist
Madras Fusileers joined us two days before the out-
break, and these were the only men in Cawnpore
armed with that weapon. I liave no knowledge of
the imprisonment by General Wheeler of the havil-
dar who reported .
the disaffection of the native
troops. I believe it as untrue as the foregoino,
story of the Enfield rifles.. Nana Sahib's visit tor'
Cawnpore, which is next referred to, was made at
the request of the resident magistrate, and such was
'the confidence placed in this infernal traitor that
the whole of the treasure—upwards of £loo,ooo_
was placed under his protection. The Nana was not
at Bithoor, but in Cawnpore, when the 2d Cavalry
mutinied, and he gave up the treasure to the rebels.
This was the first manifestation of hostility on his
part. A day or two before it was actually projected
to send some of our ladies to Bithoor, that they
-might be lodged in safety ! All the European resi-
dents of Cawnpore, except the officers of the 53d
N. 1., were in the entrenched buildings several days
before the actual outburst. Here, again, Mrs. Mur-
ray is made to represent the facts erroneously. Is
it some nameless correspondent of the Indian Em-
pire, or Mrs. Murray—whose knowledge of artil-
lery is so profound as to lead to the conclusion that
shells did no harm, because they were only filled
with powder ! These shells cut off numbers of our
poor comrades, though Mrs. Murray is made to
say that very few were killed in the entrenchments,
and only one or two by shells. So far is this from
being the case that we lost 250 men in the entrench-
ment in 22 days, and a large number of these were
killed by shells ; certainly as many as a dozen on
one fatal day .that I remember.
Not one of our killed was sewn in a bag (as it is
stated) previously to interment ; we had neither
materials nor time for such labour. At nightfall
each day the slain were buried as decently as cir-
cumstances would permit. Alas! it was little more
we could do than place them under ground.
The statement that little children were sent to
draw water is an invention ; this task was always
performed by volunteers, and some of our privates
of the European regiments made a trade of it,
charging so much per bucket.
The sally said to have been contrived by consul-
tation among the troops was an orderly assault upon
the batteries of the besiegers, headed by Captain
Moore, 32d Foot, with the full consent of General
Wheeler No retreat was sounded, and they re-
turned in due order when their work was done, and
not before. It was as cool a thing as was ever seen

in war, deserving of very different comment from
that in the narrative in the Indian Empire. "Not
more than 30 soldiers were killed in the garrison,"
says Mrs. Murray. The whole of the artillerymen
at the station, 59 in number, were killed at their
guns, except four or five, who survived till the em-
barkation. Our force of European troops at the
time of the outbreak consisted of 59 artillerymen,
75 of the 32d Regt. (invalids), 15 of the Ist _Madras
Fusileers, and about 50 of the 84th Foot—about
200 in all. lam sure that 100 of these fell during
the siege.
Mrs. Murray is represented as sayint-, that, to the
best of her knowledge there were lots of provisions
in the garrison, and insinuates that Gen. Wheeler-
might have held out a fortnight longer. Yet I know
that two persons died of starvation ; a horse was
greedily devoured, and some of my men were
glad to feed upon a dog Our daily supply of
provisions for 22 days consisted of half a pint of
pea soup and two or three chupatties (or cakes
made of flour), these last being together about the
size of an Abernethy biscuit. Upon this diet,
which was served to all without distinction—
officers and privates, civilians and soldiers—tha
garrison was reduced to a company of spectres long
before the period of capitulation, and when this
took place there were only four days' rations, at the
above rate of supply, in stock.
I do not believe that General Wheeler manifested
the slightest desire to capitulate. I know that he
opposed it heartily, and only succumbed upon the
strong representations of the second in com-
mand, an officer exemplary for his courage—the
very life sinews of our beleaguered band, but wholly
inexperienced in native character. The younger
officers were at the time advocates for resistance to
the last ; but, looking back calmly upon all the
perils of these never-to-be-forgotten days, and
considering that which I am sure mainly in-
fluenced the decision—viz., the horrible exposure
of multitudes of women and children—l much
doubt whether the slightest censure should
rest upon either of my senior officers for the steps
taken. They were all brave men, and I should be
most unworthy of the preservation so wonderfully
extended to me if I did not retrieve their memory
from undeserved reproach. During the whole
period of our straits in the entrenchment there was

not one instance of dejection through cowardice.
The very children seemed inspired with heroic
patience, and our women behaved with a fortitude
that only Englishwomen could have shown.
There are other statements equally erroneous in
this most injurious publication, valich, compara-
tively harmless in the pages of the Indian Empire,
has acquired world-wide celebrity by transfer.
I cannot prolong my refutation, lest it should
be excluded from your columns. I hope ere
long, in an account of my escapes and experiences
at Cawnpore, to be able to set at rest all doubts that
may have been raised touching the honour of my
much-lamented companions, and to assure survivors
in England that their grief need not be embittered
by the suspicion of incompetency or ill-conduct on
the part of any engaged in a scene that will not soon
cease to be talked and thought of in our fatherland.

~--

MR. CHARLES KEAN'S
--_ - •
- FAREWELL
SEASON, as Manager of the -ROYAL PRINCESS'S
TIIEATRE,-will commence on SATRDAY, the 2nd Oct.
next, and conclude on Saturday, the 330th July.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING. will be performed THE WAY TO
K REP HIM. Messrs. Buckstone, Howe, and Farren ; Mrs.
C. Sinclair.
After which, THE DAUGHTER OF THE GUADAL-
QUIVER. Perea Nena.
Folowed by A WICKED FE. Miss ynolds.
Tosconclude with A KISS IN WI
THE DARK.Re
Commence at 7.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE,
Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer.
First Appearance of Mrs. A. MELLON (late Miss Woolgar).
Men of the Day.
THIS EVENING, EXTREMES ; or,
Supported by Messrs. Emery, Falconer, Rogers, Barrett,
Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Weston, and Miss Kate Saxon.
To conclude with the New Farce, entitled TOO MUCH
FOR GOOD NATURE. Messrs. Emery, J. Rogers, Garden,
Mrs. Weston, Miss Kate Saxon, and Miss Portman.
Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7. Box-office
open from 11 to 5 daily.
- • --

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Lessee and Directress, Miss Swanborough.
THIS EVENING, THE LAST OF THE PIGTAILS, in
which Miss Swanborough, Miss Ternan, Mrs. Selby, Messrs.
C. Selby, J. Bland, and J. Clarke will make their appearance.
Followed by A ROUGH DIAMOND. Miss M. Oliver and
Mrs. Leigh Murray.
To conclude with•FAMILY JARS. Miss E. Wilton.

Commence at 7 o'clock,

ROYAL GARDENS, VAU4.IIALL.
On MONDAY, 13th September, a Grand Illumination
Gala, for the benefit of the director, Mr. Robert Duffel!, who
will be assisted by all the available talent in the Metropolis.
The Concert in the Handel Orchestra will be supported by
Mrs. Lawrence, Mr. P. Cord, Master Haydn Cord (the eminent
youthful soprano), Mr. Charles Sloman (the only English im-
provisatori), Mr. J. G. Fordo (the celebrated Buffo Vocalist),
Mr. Elijah Taylor, and Mr. W. B. Donaldson (the Negro
Melodist). Vccal Conductor, Mr. Russell Gover. A New
Ballet, under the direction of the inimitable Flexmore. A Selec-
tion of pas pastorales, by Chapino's Troupe. In the Cirque
Imperial Mr. J. Robinson, tha Great American bareback rider;
the last night but five of his engagement, in conjunction with
her. Majesty's Clown Croueste's, new Company. of Equestrian
Celebrities, including Madame Blanche' the Equestrian
Magnet and the Bottle Equilibrist—Wonderful Tight-rope
Ascent—Extra Band—Extra Ballet—Extra Concert—Extra
Horsemanship—Extra FireworAs, and 30,000 Variegated
Lamps—No extra charge. Admission, One Shilling.
Children Sixpence.

CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road.—
OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The following Company
of Vocalists are engaged for the performance of Selections
from all the popular OPERAS, MADRIGALS, CHORUSES,
GLEES, DUETS, &c., viz.:—Miss Russell, Mrs. Badsey,
Miss Brunell, Miss Ray, Madame Bartoletti, Miss Montague,
Mrs. Lawrence, and Mrs. Anderson ; Herr F. Jonghmans,
Mr. Henshaw, S. Jones, J. Barker, W. Melling, Senor Antonio,
E. L. Hime, Mr. Badsey, Senor Tiroli, Mr. Cozens, Mr. Bell,
Mr. Barnard, and Mr. St. Albyn. Mr. John G. Forde and E.
W. MAckucy. l'ianoforte, Mr. Cecil Hicks—Harmonium,
Mr. Courtnay—Director, Herr F. Jonglimans. Commence at
7 prisely. Suppers, &c., until 12 o'clock.
NOTICE.—The Proprietor begs respectfully to announce
that in the month of October,
A FINE ARTS GALLERY,
now in course of construction, will be thrown open in con-
nexion with the above Hall.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, SEPT. 11.
- THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE.
70—highest since neon yesterday..
63—lowest this morning and during the night.
71—this day at noon.
BAROME rER-30.21
WIND, South-Westerly; light and fine.

A telegram just received from Corfu, and which
brings intelligence from Hong Kong to the 22d
July, confirms the Russian statements as to the
conclusion of the treaty between the Western
Powers and the Celestial Empire. It is stated that
Mr. BRUCE (a relative of Lord ELGIN) is en route
for England, bringing with him the perfected
treaty. The receipt whereof will, of course, set all
doubts at rest.

The statement of its contents is as yet very
brief. Nine new ports are opened for trade ; but
whether these are in addition to the five previously
available, or in lieu thereof, does not appear. The
difference is one of no ordinary importance, and a 3
there is every reason to believe that Lord ELGrN
succeeded in obtaining the concession of all his
demands, it may fairly be anticipated that he has
stipulated for nine additional porter, so as to carry
on the tradebetweenEngland find China in the most
beneficial manner for both nations. That trade may
be rendered highly advantageous when its present
one-sided character shall be altered, and there is
a mutual interchange of raw materials and manu-
factured commodities. The policy hitherto prac-
tised by the Chinese authorities was very short-
sighted, inasmuch as whatever temporary advantage
might be obtained, must be atoned for in the long

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THE SUN.
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1858.