The Sun.
London, England, 1860-10-23 00:00:00

Money and Exchange unaltered. Stocks mo-
derately active and higher. Flour sales 9,000 bar-
rels. State and Western descriptions little firmer.
Canadian quiet. Wheat a shade better, and in fair
demand for export. Corn better and in fair de-
mand. Sales 20,000 bushels. Oats steady. Beef
unaltered, but steady. Lard dull.
MONTREAL, OCT. 13.
Flour is very active and large sales have taken
place. Wheat has changed hands at 1 dol. 20c.
for No. 1 Chicago spring. Peas unchanged. Ashes
in moderate demand.
[LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT.]
NEW YORK, OCT. 13.
The steamer Africa, from Liverpool, has arrived
here. The Arago and Glasgow have sailed for
Europe with a trifling amount of specie. Stocks'
are steady. New York Central, 831; Erie, 391 ;
Illinois Central, 83i. The cotton market is firm,
but prices are unchanged. The sales in three
days reach 10,000 bales. The markets for bre ad-
stuffs are unsettled and excited, and prices have an
upward tendency. Flour is quoted 10c. to 15c.
higher. Wheat has risen 3c. to 15e. Provisions
steady. It is reported that there was a frost at
New Orleans last night.
NEW ORLEANS, OCT. 12.
The cotton market is unaltered. Middling is
quoted 10Ic. 101 c. The sales of the week amount
to 34,000 bales; receipts during the same period,
L 32,000 bales ; receipts below last year, 55,000
bales.

THE POPE AND THE EMPEROR.

The relations between the Court of Rome and
that of France—between the spiritual head of the
Catholic Church and that Church's eldest son—
have become so strained and so embarrassing, so
awkward and so unsatisfactory, that whilst on the
one hand the Pope, only two or three weeks ago,
had positively announced his intention of with-
drawing from his protectors, on the other hand the
members of the higher French clergy have renewed
their attacks and redoubled their animosity against
the Imperial Government. The fact is that the
Pltramontanes have been overtaken by what ap-
pears to them as the greatest of all possible calami-
ties. They have been outwitted, out.schemed and out-
manceuvred. They hoped to subject France, and
through France to subject Europe to their will ;
but where they expected to possess a servant they
have found a master. This result is, however, only
the last stage of a diplomatic struggle between the
Vatican and the Tuileries, which has never ceased
for one day during the last twelve years, and of
which the alternate successes and varying fortunes
have, in their turn, exercised a momentous influence
on the history of Europe and of civilisation. It
is well worth our while shortly to recall the past if
we would rightly understand the present charac-
ter of the struggle. Apart from its historical inte-
rest, the narrative is not without its value to those
who desire to form important conclusions respect-
ing the benefits which religion derives from the
union in the person of the Supreme Pontiff of a
priestly, with a royal character.
The election of the present Pontiff was avowedly
the triumph of French influence in the Sacred Col-
lege. Nor was that influence ever counteracted
until the murder of Rossi, and the consequent flight
of Pius IN. from his dominions. It continued to
be felt in the arrangements respecting the flight
itself. It was to the shores of France, not to the
soil of Naples, that the fugitive priest and prince
purposed to wend his way. Amongst the great
events springing from little causes, with which the
history of the world abounds, few are more striking
than the direction given to the Papal policy by the
interview, not expected to exceed a few hours, be-
tween Pius IX, and the late King of Naples. The
low cunning of the Lazzarone Prince overruled the
better judgment of the Pope, and checkmated the
diplomacy of France. By cajoling and wheedling
by fawning and adulation, and, it is hardly too
much to say, by adoration, he prevailed on the head
of the Catholic Church to remain as the guest of
Saint Januarius rather than incur the hazards of
Republican hospitality in Paris.
We have begun at the liegginning, because that
beginning truly foreshadows ne middle, and what,
for the present, we must be coni..4int to regard as
the end. Pius IX., giving the by to the
French Ambassador at Rome, the :Due d'Har-
court, and throwing himself into the arii_is of the
King of Naples,—obstinately refusing to concede
amnesty, or lay administration, or financial con-
trol,—refusing to return to Rome, except in the
plenitude of his absolute authority, only gave a
foretaste, in 1849, of the senseless reactionary
policy which has ended in the invasion of his domi-
nions in 1860.
The obstinacy of the Pontiff was strengthened
by the necessity imposed on the new President of
the Republic of invoking the support of the
Catholic priesthood. For soliciting that support
at the period of his election, the present Emperor
has been often severely blamed. His censurers
might, perhaps, have mitigated their condemnation
had they remembered that every Frenchman of
eminence would, at the same epoch, have probably
acted in precisely the same manner. France was
then playing a terrible game of rouge et noir, and
desperately staking her fate and fortunes on the
triumphs of a Red Republic, or the success of a
priestly reaction. Black seemed to be the win-
ning card ; and one great political gamester, whose
favourite colour black had always been, expected
to pocket enormous stakes. The election of Louis
Napoleon Bonaparte was only intended as a step-
ping-stone to the grandeur and glory of M. De
Montalembert, the political head of tho French
Ultramontanoe, the channel through which the
designs of Rome were expounded in the cannel
Legislature and press, and equally the
through which the chief members of the Jesuit
party communicated their wishes and urged their
schetnes on the Court of Rome. In the Ultramon-
tane theory M. Montalembert, the lay organ of
the Infallible and Universal Church, was to be
everybody; Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, the mere
stipendiary officer of the divided and re-
stricted State, was to be nobody. The inexorable
logic of facts altered the arrangement. Pd. Mon-
talembert might indeed boast that he had helped to
replace the crown of the Doeapartes on the head of
its present wearer ; but he altogether overlooked
the part which the traditions of Marengo, and of
Austerlitz, and of Lodi, had in bringing about that
result. The emperor-maker was not allowed even
to become an emperor's minister. The most unprin- •
cipled, ambitious, unscrupulous, and ungenerous
politician in France found, as the result of all his
scheming, that he was left stranded on St. Peter's
rock with half-a-dozen intriguing Jesuits, and as
many more "dames du sacre cceur.' Bursting as he
was with a vindictive rancour, he could, however,
summon to his aid the occupant of St. Peter's chair.
The intrigues of M. Montalembert in 1852-53 mark
the real turning point in the relations between the
Court of France and the Court of Rome. Count
Walewski's demonstrations, three years later, at the
Congress of Paris, were simply the smoke revealing
a hidden fire. The arch intriguer laid his plans
with great ability. He was aware how much finis
the Emperor justly attached—viewing the
matter merely in its political bearings—to the eclat
of a coronation by the Pope at Paris. He was aware,
likewise, that the Pope wag not indisposed,
.nshaeys,
that he was heartily inclined, to gratify the wi
his own
Catholic revival would be effected
good and the
of Napoleon 111., in the hat a great
appearance in Notre Dame. Both the
Lis vanity—were gratified by such)! agents at Rome
weak points of his character—both his deesvoeteito.n ai‘nid.
Montalembert, working re- estab-
on the Pontiff, persuaded him tc, m_ k
lioiou.s rite, and
lishment of marriage as a purely ,e
to France.,h He
the total abrogation of its ^lva. character,
~.4eir accept-
-eke the
h et
he through las
L ese con-
knew right well that the _ .
4. .
indis-
pensable conditions.of his a
eNe' s'
sit
a reit.lsal to
ance a sine qua non was tantamount t
ditions was impossible—that making
crown the Emperor at all. Pius IX. fell into the
PiLnce of
snare. The Vatican insisted, The Tuileries refused,