The Sun.
London, England, 1867-09-20 00:00:00

IHE CHANCELLOR OF
HOME THE EXCHEQUER
AT .

Yesterday the parish of Hughenden, Bucks, of
which the Chancellor of the Exchequer is " the
&vire," celebrated the completion of the harvest.
This is the third year in which the parish has had
its " Harvest Home," the initiation and increasing
success of the celebrations being due to the vicar,
the Rev. C. W. Clubbe, and the churchwardens,
Messrs. Thomas Coates and G. H. Hussey ; and
this year's is the second which Mr. Disraeli has
attended. Yesterday the farm labourers of the
parish, their employers, and the friends of both met
at half-past ten o'clock near the church, which
had been profusely decorated internally for
the occasion. By eleven o'clock the church was
filled, and the congregation included the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Disraeli. The
vicar read the prayers, and the sermon was preached
by the Rev. C. Lloyd, the chaplain to the Bishop of
Oxford, from Job xix. 26, " In my flesh shall I see
God." The sermon, as will be seen below, was
highly eulogised by the Chancellor of the Exche.
quer. Service over, the villagers went in some-
thing like procession, accompanied by a band of
music, to the manor grounds, where, close to " the
squire's" residence, spacious tents had been erected
—a long one for dinner and the others for subsidiary
purposes. When the villagers were seated the
Chancellor of the Exchequer entered and took the
chair. He was accompanied by Mrs. Disraeli, Sir
C. Young, the clergyman named, and other friends.
A substantial meal was despatched, while the band
played outside, With a waggon for an orchestra.
For ventilation sake the tent was open at the side,
and there was revealed a vista of wooded slopes of
which Mr. Disraeli, familiar as he must be with the
scenery, could not help expressing his admiration.
Dinner over,
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER rose and
said—l have to propose a toast which you will
anticipate, but which you will none the less drink
with the utmost enthusiasm. It is " The Health
of the Queen," beloved by her subjects; and, consi-
dering her peculiar relations with the county of
Buckingham, and how she has patronised all our
institutions from the moment she ascended the
throne, it will be a health drunk to-day, I am sure,
with feelings which cannot be exceeded in any part
of the kingdom. (Cheers.)
In proposing the next toast, " The Prince and
Princess of Wales," the CHANCELLOR of the Ex-
cneuert said—The Prince of Wales is well known
in this county, because he hunts in our fields, and
that like a gallant sportsman. ller Royal Highness
is now absent from England, with the hope of gain-
ing under a foreign sky that health in the restora-
tion of which we are all so deeply interested. I hope
she has found to-day at Wiesbaden as sunny an
atmosphere as we are now enjoying at Hughenden.
(Cheers.)
The next toast was "The Bishop and Clergy of
the Diocese," and in proposing it the CHANCELLOR
of the EXCHEQUER said—The bishop and clergy of
this diocese are much and deservedly beloved. This
parish possesses a vicar who, by the manner in which
he performs his duties, and his complete sympathy
with all classes, is endeared to every inhabitant.
There is also present to-day another member of that
reverend profession to whom we are also peculiarly
indebted, and that is the rector of Chalfont, who
has to-day favoured us with a sermon which I must
say was one of the most successful I ever listened to.
It was genial, it was adapted to the occasion, it was
original, and it was not too long. (Laughter and
cheers.) lam sure that you who listened to that
inspiriting exhortation must have felt after it that
you were better men, and more inclined to fulfil the
duties and enjoy the blessings of existence. I now
therefore propose to you a toast which will be, I am
sure, drunk not in form only, but with the sincerity
of real feeling. (Cheers.)
The Rev. C. LLOYD, in responding, said he greatly
approved such gatherings as these, and that they
were of inestimable value. Without deprecating
distinctions in rank, the due blending of which made
England what she was, he disliked that exaggera-
tion of distinction which prevented men gather-
ing together and sitting down to eat and drink
as God's creatures at the same table. He was proud
to propose the health of tne Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, " the Squire of Hughenden." Politics
being excluded from discussion at such gatherings,
he would only say that, when a statesman had taken
upon himself to extend the franchise, as the right
hon. gentleman had done, he further took a step in
the right direction by gathering together the people
of his parish in this way. Such gatherings were
calculated to furnish the best " safeguards' in the
extension of political power ; for through their aris-
tocracy, gentry, farmers, and peasantry were brought
together, and, instead of finding that their interests
were antagonistic, they found that they were united
by common ties and sympathies, and that by co-
operation they would promote the common good.
This was the way to make men who were intrusted
with increased political power use it for the benefit
of the country as well as their own. Therefore
" harvest homes" might be included among the
" safeguards" of which we had recently heard so
much. In conclusion, he proposed " The Health of
the Chancellor of the Exchequer," which was drunk
with enthusiasm.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, in respond-
ing, said—l am extremely sensible of your kindness
iu drinking my health to-day, and of the manner in
which you have received it. lam not quite up to
politics in the month of September—(laughter)—
and therefore you will excuse me for dilating on the
theme which my excellent friend the rector of Chal-
font has so delicately alluded to. I have no doubt
his opinions are perfectly sound, but on the present
occasion I will merely say that ncthiug gratifies me
more than presiding at the " harvest home" at Hugh-
enden. I am on the present occasion more gratified,
because I can congratulate all around me upon the
results of this harvest. There is at present, as there
always is at this period, very great controversy
going on as to the character and results of the gene-
ral harvest, not merely of England, not merely of
Europe, not merely of America, but of the world ;
and we hear contrary accounts and conflicting cal-
culations upon that all-important subject. On the
present occasion I am satisfied with the limited
horizon in which we live, and I think I can say this
without exaggeration, that when we met in church
this morning to return thanks to the Giver of All
Goodness we might sincerely return thanks for a
most satisfactory and plenteous harvest in the
parish of Hughenden. Whatever may be the
accounts which may reach us from other quarters,
whatever may be the conclusions arrived at and the
criticisms passed by others, I think there is no
doubt that in the parish of Hughenden we ought to
be content with the ingathering which we have just
accomplished. With regard to the wheat harvest, of
which in other places we have heard such contrary
accounts, we have realised an average. As regards
barley it has that brightness which brewers love.
(Laughter.) As for our oats, rarely have I seen
such a prolific and golden ingatheriug. These are
very great results under all circumstances, and
alone would constitute a good harvest. But when I
look around me I remember and observe that these
results have been obtained in these varieties of grain
i❑ a district where the root crops are equally dis-
tinguished. Nor ought we to forget, my friends,
that this satisfactory and prolific season has afforded
one of the finest hay harvests that can be remem-
bered on the Chiltern hills—so great and plentiful
that even the after-math will exhibit almost as fertile
a condition as our pastures have had in the last few
years in the month of June. Well, then, I think we
have a right to be satisfied, and we ought to be
grateful for the harvest which we have just in-
gathered in this district and parish; and at the pre-
sent moment I am speaking only of this parish, with
whose interests I am so intimately connected, and
with whose feelings I so deeply sympathise. I think,
so far as I can take an impartial survey of our rural
world, there are other things in this parish, of no less
importance, upon which we may equally congratulate
ourselves. In the first place, I think it is a matter of
great satisfaction that at this moment there is no able-
bodied labourer who is not employed, and who also
is not employed at good wages. We are, no doubt,
in some degree indebted for this result to the happy
circumstance of that rural manufacture, and the

prosperity of that rural manufacture which converts
the raw material of our beechen woods into the
convenient form of chairs for the accommodation,
not only of England, but even of the colonies and
of foreign parts. lam glad to say we are indebted
for that satisfactory result to another and not less
efficient cause, and that is the highly improved
husbandry of this district and parish. It is to the
skilful rotation of crops, it is to the various and
often costly manner in which our lands are now
dressed, and the great bead of stock that is now
maintained on the farms of this parish, that the
result of the population being well employed, and
being employed at high and satisfactory wages, are
mainly or at least equally to be ascribed, and these
are very satisfactory results. There is another cir-
cumstance of our rural life in this parish in which
I think we may find congratulation, and it refers to
a subject which I have more than once brought
under your consideration—that is the dwellings of
those to whom we are peculiarly indebted for the
labour which cultivates our fields and gathers in our
crops. lam glad to say there has been going on
for some time a continuous improvement in the re-
sidences of the peasantry, of the labourers on the
soil of this parish. Some time ago I mentioned this
subject, and, indeed, more than once I have dwelt
upon it in your presence. These are legitimate and
proper occasions on which we ought to touch upon
such subjects. lam much in favour of building new
cottages for the labouring population, but at the
same time I know it is a process which can only be
very gradually carried out. I will not enter into
any controversy on this subject, because this is not
a moment for controversy, further than to repeat
what I have often said, that those take a limited
and too contracted view of the case who, in build-
ing cottages for the labouring population, look
only to the immediate return in the shape of rent.
There is an immediate return far more valuable than
rent, which is to be acquired by giving the labour-
ing population dwellings which conduce to their
health, to their strength, and to their happiness.
(Hear, hear.) But I would make this remark, be-
cause it is one essentially practical and applicable
to this parish, that you may do a great deal to im-
prove the dwellings and to increase the comfort of
the labouring classes without absolutely building
new cottages ; you may improve those that exist.
I believe that there are three things which a labourer
in the Chiltern-hills most desires. The first is a
porch, the second an oven, and the third a tank.
(Hear, hear, and laughter.) I have for some time
been extremely anxious that every labouring man
on my estate should have these three sources of com-
fort and happiness—a porch, an oven, and a tank.
I am very glad to say that the example I set is
spreading, and I hope when we hold our next " har-
vest home" we shall find that the custom of providing
the three things I have named is meeting with gene-
ral adoption. (Hear, hear.) Whether I look to our
harvest, whether I look to the general condition of
those who have mainly assisted in its in-gathering,
I think I can congratulate the proprietors and the
cultivators, the farmers, the occupiers, and the
labourers of this parish on its general prosperity.
I am sure from what I have seen this morning I am
addressing a society that, in the possession of these
great advantages, is deeply grateful to the Giver of
all Goodness, to whom we are indebted for these
blessings. I trust that the prosperity of Hughenden
may long continue. It is founded on sound princi-
ples, and under the blessing of Providence it ought
at least to be superior to most of the vicissitudes
that interfere with human occupation. lam sin-
cerely obliged to you for drinking my health on an
occasion like the present. Your kind feelings I
greatly appreciate, and your good opinion will al-
ways be my best reward. I thank you heartily.
(Cheers.)
The right hon. gentleman had only just resumed
his seat when a village maiden stepped up and pre-
sented him with a cereal doll-shaped figure.
Whether it were effigy, fetish, or idol, or only a
sample of the harvest on which he had been speak-
ing, seemed a general puzzle. Its head was of oats,
its arms were barley, and its feet were wheat ; and
somewhat of a feminine character was imparted by
a dress of blue paper. For the satisfaction of the
curious and uninitiated,
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER added—l
was for a moment a little daunted. I feared that
one of the most ancient customs in England had
been forgotten on this occasion. I hold in my band
a representation of the goddess Ceres. For centuries
this figure, dressed up in robes of similar magnifi-
cence—(a laugh)—has been brought forward on
these occasions as representing that golden harvest
for which in this parish we are deeply grateful.
This reminds me—indeed, my mind was already full
of the subject—of those who are, perhaps, more in-
terested in the success of the harvest than even other
classes intimately connected with it. We are in this
parish favoured, I believe, with a body of farmers
who, take them altogether, equal, I believe—per-
haps more than equal—those of any parish in the
county. It is not merely that they are skilful far-
mers, and that they bring to the cultivation of the
soil a knowledge of its character, and all those arti-
ficial adjuncts which develope its qualities, but they
are men who are sensible of their social duties as
farmers, as great tillers of the soil. They look upon
their occupation as being one not directly of a com-
mercial character. They remember and do fulfil
their duties towards those who are dependent upon
them. Indeed, I have always found that the skilful
farmer is a man who most appreciates the good
qualities of the person labouring under him, and
knows the value of a good character. Such a per-
son is always found to be the best master. I must
congratulate the farmers of Hughenden upon their
great success and prosperity this year ; I propose
that we drink " the healths of the Farmers of the
Parish," and I trust that they may have many
happy returns of seasons like the present.
The toast was drunk, and was responded to by
Mr. COATES. He said that if they did not spend
their capital in that part of the country they would
get no return, although they were blessed with some
prolific land. With regard to wheat, barley, and
oats, they were favoured this year with a fair, aver-
age crop, and he certaiAly considered that they were
better off in that respect than farmers were on
many of the wet soils.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then pro-
posed that they should drink the health of another
order of the agricultural hierarchy, not inferior in
importance or utility to those whose healths had
been drunk. It was " the Health of those to whom
they were indebted for the in-gathering of the
crops, and for the preceding processes of culture."
So far as he could form an opinion of his neigh-
bours, and he was happy to say that when at Hug-
henden he lived much among them, the labouring
class in the parish was one of which the parish
might be proud. They were skilful husbandmen,
they were moral, they were influenced, generally
speaking, by a great sense of duty. In proposing
the health of the labourers ho would connect the
toast with the name of one who had long worked
on his estate, and who in his own person combined
many of the best qualities of the English husband-
man. This was Hatt, who worked for Mr. James
Leigh, and who was a model of what a skilful, in-
dependent, and excellent husbandman ought to be.
The toast having been drunk, Hatt rose to
respond. He was a hale old man, and a good speci-
men of an agricultural labourer. But speaking
was evidently not his forte. In disjointed frag-
ments of sentences he expressed his thanks, and his
appreciation of these celebrations and the kindly
associations of classes in them. He also referred to
the morning's discourse, and concluded by invoking
a general blessing. Somehow he seemed to suggest
more than he said by his unaffected earnestness of
manner, and he sat down amid cheers.
The Rev. C.W. CLUBBE proposed " the Health of
Mrs. Disraeli," who had many claims on their re-
spect and regard, sympathised with the amusements
of their rural fete, and was the great promoter of the
mirth, fun, and jollity which were essential elements
of the proper celebration of a" harvest home."
Rev.."
The compliment was acknowledged by the
C. LLOYD.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCIIEQUER proposed
the Visitors," and also the healths of the gentle-
men who superintended the details of the celebra-
tion, and then announced that the remainder of the
afternoon wottld be aevoted to that agreeable re-

Taxation on the light fantastic toe which was the de-
light of English beauties.
The company accordingly adjourned for dancing
and other sports.

2114.DES' OUTRAGES COMMISSION.

THIRTEENTH DAY.
MANCHESTER, Sept. 19.
Edward Hindley sworn—ls a builder at Prest-
wich,:,andiin 1866 had a contract to do the brickwork
of a reservoir. In March there was a dispute over a
boy. George Ramsbottom, a member of the Union,
said there had been a meeting over the lad, and he
must be bound apprentice. He ordered an inden-
ture; which was duly prepared by a lawyer. Peter
Yateson the next Thursday said they (the masons)
had had another meeting, and would not have him
made apprentice. They would have no more brick-
layers made. Ile was, consequently, obliged to give
up the contract. The bricklayers belonged to White-
field Club, some of them Salford men, and some
Manchester men. They tried to stop him having
bricks supplied, but did not succeed for a time.
Kay was then sent by the Manchester brickmakers'
club and stopped any more bricks being supplied.
The Union men had worked seven or eight months
with the lad before they interfered. When the
indenture had been made the objection was that the
lad was 17, and too old. _ _ _

James Thorp said he gave upbrickmaking in July,
1866. Had been in the business two years. Sup-
plied 100,000 bricks to Mr. Robinson. The yard
was out of the Manchester district, at Prestwich,
and the buildings were in the union.

Charles Johnson, a youth, working as a brick-
maker in Regent-road, Salford, was called and exa-
mined as to whether he had not told Detective IVil-
- that he saw Kay and Mannering on the morning
of the sth inst., and that they were dressed up as if
they were going on a cheap trip. He denied that
he bad ever said so.

stone, with the intention, apparently, of going to
the westward. The Redwing will probably fol-
low to-night. Capt. Johnson is absent on leave
for ten days on account of a family affliction,
but he has been recalled, and will return to-night.
The Liffey was put into commission recently in place
of the Liverpool, and has been some time in the
Sound, expecting orders to cruise in the Channel ;
but counter-instructions were received on Monday.
She goes direct to Queenstown. This sudden Admi-
ralty order is attributed by some to the outrage at
Manchester on Wednesday, and the escape of Col.
Kelly and Capt. Deasy, while others attribute it to
the possibility of a second rising in Ireland.
The paddle-wheel steam yacht Black Eagle, Staff
Commander Thomas J. Whinier, from Portland,
arrived on Tuesday evening at Plymouth, with
the Secretary for War (Sir John Pakington) and
the Inspector-General of Engineers (General Sir
John F. Burgoyne), who are visiting the coast
fortifications. On Wednesday morning Major-Gen.
Spencer, K.C.8., Commander of the Forces in the
West, and Port Admiral Sir W. F. Martin, went on
board the Black Eagle. At noon Sir J. Pakington
embarked on board the steam tender Pincess Alice,
and accompanied by the Commander of the Forces,
Colonel A. Benn, R.A., Capt. Dunsford, and other
officers, proceeded up the Tamar, and having landed,
inspected the fort at Scraesdon, Tregantle, Pickle-
combe, &c. They subsequently visited the fortifi-
cations on Straddon Heights, and then landed on
the breakwater in Plymouth Sound.
The St. George, unarmoured screw line of battle
ship, 72, 2,861 tons, 500 horse power, Capt. M. S.
Nollock, having completed her repairs and ordered
alterations to her internal fittings in Portsmouth
harbour, has rebent her sails, and will leave harbour
on Moaday morning for Spithead, where she will
take on board ammunition preparatory to sailing for
Portland to resume her duties there as training ship.
The unarmoured screw line of battle ship Dun-
can, 3,127 tons, 800 horse power, Capt. Fellowes
(late of the Duke of 'Wellington), sailed from Spit-
head at daylight yesterday morning, for Queens-
ferry, Scotland, to assume her duties there as coast-
guard ship of the port and district.
The unarmoured screw line of battle ship Nelson,
2,736 tons, 500 horse power, Lieut.-Commander
Payne, Colonial Steam Guard and Training Ship,
is nearly complete in her outfit and receipt of stores
at Portsmouth, and will very shortly now sail for
het destination, Victoria. The Nelson takes out a
large quantity of stores for the colony, including
heavy rifled muzzle loading guns, with their iron
carriages and slides, large cast iron guns, bored out
and retubed with rifled steel tubes of 7 and 6.3 in.
diameter, on Major Palliser's plan as it is generally
termed, a large quantity of studded shot and shell
for the rifled guns, carefully packed each in a coarse
hempen bag, a transporting waggon for the 12i ton
guns for coast battery service, &c. The Nelson was
built at Woolwich from the design of the then Sur-
veyor of the Navy office, and after her launch she
was sent round to Portsmouth. tier only trip out-
side the latter port since that time was her trial of
speed over the measured mile in Stokes's-bay, on
being fitted, after alterations and conversion to a
steamship, with screw machinery.
The screw troopship Orontes, 2,812 tons, 500
horse-power, Capt. Henry Phelps, arrived at Ports-
mouth yesterday afternoon from Queenstown, Ire-
land, with the depot of the 60th Rifles on board.
The depot will be disembarked this morning, and
forwarded on to Winchester.
The foundation of the Shovel Rock Fort, inside
the breakwater, having been completed some two or
three years since by the Admiralty, was then passed
into the control of the War Department, whose pro-
per office is, it appears, to erect all that portion of
the fortification which is above high water mark. It
appears that the War Office has at length deter-
mined to commence operations. The breakwater is
built nearly east and west, and underneath the eas-
tern part, lying nearly north and south, is the
Shovel Rock. It is upon the inner or northern por-
tion of this rock, separate from the breakwater, that
the foundation is laid. The lower part of the foun-
dation consists of granite blocks and cement and con-
crete blocks faced with granite ; the inner portion is
filled in with cement concreteblocks brought up to high
water mark in one solid and compact foundation.
Upon this the basement is built, the cill of the case-
mates being about 16ft. above high-water mark.
The inner, or north, side of the basement will con-
tain the magazines, and the sea, or south, side will
be fitted up as ablution rooms and accommodation
for men. From this basement communication will
be had by two circular staircases of stone to the
casemates over. We now come to a description of
the new work. Hitherto this erection has been called
the Shovel Rock Fort ; hereafter it will be termed
the Breakwater Fort. Although close to it, the
breakwater is unconnected with it, and there appears
no present intention of forming a connection. The
foundation is oval ; the fort will be the same, and
will extend to within four feet of the verge. The
masonry basement is 150 ft. east and west by 120 ft.
north and south. The casemates will be above 45ft.
deep, leaving open in the centre a space some 50ft.
by 30ft. The battery will mount 18 guns, which
will be nearly equidistant from each other, and will
point in all directions. The face of the battery is
lift. high, with a rake, like a ship's side, of 18in. ;
it will consist of three layers of 5-in. wrought iron
plates, bolted against perpendicular wrought-iron
ribs, about 3ft. apart. Three feet behind the ribs
there will be at intervals some wrought-iron cylin-
ders filled with the best concrete. They are to be
7ft. by 3ft., with the broadest part facing the ribs.
The roof of the casement will consist of arches of
brick covered with concrete 6ft. thick, and faced
with Seyssel asphalte to keep the casemates dry.
The accommodation for artillerymen is not very
extensive, but it is contemplated that, during peace
at least, it will not be necessary for many to be
stationed there. It is understood that Messrs. Hub-
bard, who have had several contracts at Plymouth
from the Government will erect the Breakwater
Fort. After a minute inspection of the breakwater,
Sir John Pakington returned to the Black Eagle,
in Hamoaze.
The detachment of non-commissioned officers and
sappers of the Royal Engineers selected for service
with the Abyssinian expedition are undergoing a
course of instruction, at the Royal Engineer estab-
lishment, Chatham, in day and night military sig-
nalling, under the direction of Capt. F. J. Bottou,
12th Regiment. According to orders received from
headquarters, the detachment is to consist of 25
non-commissioned officers and men, half of whom
will be selected from the Royal Engineers' Train,
and the remainder from the companies at head-
quarters. The officers detailed to accompany the
Royal Engineers are Lieut. A. R. Puzey, just re-
turned with the party of Royal Engineers employed
on signal service in Ireland during the Fenian out-
break, and Lieut. J. L. Morgan, assistant instructor
of musketry at headquarters. A party of photo-
graphers will accompany the Royal Engineers for
the scenic views of the various localities passed
through by the forces comprising the expedition.
An order has been received at the headquarters
of the Royal Engineer establishment, Chatham, for
volunteering to be opened from the companies at
Brornpton Barracks, for the three depot companies
of Royal Engineers about being formed in India.
The volunteers required for this special service arc
undergoing a course of instruction in military engi-
neering, topography, and sapping and mining, pre-
viously to leaving for India in February next. It
is intended to form three skeleton companies of
Royal Engineers in India, to be stationed respec-
tively at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay.
Yesterday Major-General J. 0. Travers, C. 8.,
Inspector-General of the Royal Marines Light
Infantry, who has been. engaged for the last few
days in the inspection of the Chatham division of
Royal Marines Light Infantry, completed the in-
spection of the Royal Marine establishment, and
will proceed this morning to visit the musketry
establishment at Gravesend, where the Royal
Marines are undergoing a course of instruction in
the use of the Snider breechloading rifle. On the
completion of the barrack inspection, the Inspector-
General proceeded to Chatham lines, where a small
battalion of the Royal Marines, numbering about
400 men of all ranks, was drawn up under the com-
mand of Lieut.sColonel E. A. Wylde, for the
purpose of enabling General Travers to test the

efficiency of the officers and men in battalio
exercises, and subalterns were singly called to the
front, and ordered to put the battalion through the
required movements. Gen. Travers also inspected
the schools of the division. The inspection of the
Chatham division of Royal Marines, completed
yesterday afternoon, is understood to have been
highly satisfactory.
The following appointments were made yester-
day at the Admiralty :—Captain J. Corbett, of the
Mersey, to the Britannia, vice Randolph, ap-
pointed Commodore at the Cape of Good llopc ;
Commander C. Parry to the Cordelia, vice De
Wahl, promoted ; Commander 11. APC, Alexander,
to the Mutine, vice Swinburne, invalided ; Com-
mander IL L. Perceval to the Falcon, vice Blake,
promoted ; Lieut. J. M. D. Elphinstone, to the
Caradoc, vice Wilkinson, promoted ; Lieut. E. J.
Church, from the Excellent, to the Tyrian, vice
Montagu, promoted ; Lieut. B. S. Hamilton, from
the Revenge, to the Sharpshooter, vice Bax, pro-
moted ; Lieut. J. J. Martin, from the Duncan to
the Penguin, vice Garforth, promoted; Navigating
Sub-Lieut. Thomas E. B. Cope, to the Challenger ;
and the Rev. J. Cawston to be chaplain to the
Royal Marines at Fort Cumberland.

ADLIESION- OF LIQUIDS.

4

Some of our readers may remember our giving,
many months ago, an account of a series of experi-
ments by Mr. Tomlinson, Lecturer on Experimental
Science, King's College School, London, relating
to certain manifestations of cohesion and adhesion
when a drop of a certain liquid is gently deposited
on the surface of another, such as water for
instance. Thus, a drop of oil of turpentine de-
posited on water will form an island, indented all
round in a peculiar way, different from that which
would be assumed by a drop of another substance,
the cause of the variety of figures obtained being a
struggle between two contrary forces : that of cohe-
sion between the particles of the deposited liquid,
tending to contract them into a sort of convex lens,
and that of adhesion of the deposited liquid to the
water, tending to spread out the former into a film.
Mr. Tomlinson has now published another series of
experiments on these cohesion-figures, in which he
took creosote on water as a standard. The former,
on being deposited on water, immediately assumes
the shape of a disk, indented like the rowel of a
spur, and of the size of a franc-piece. This
will last about five minutes ; but if the tempera-
ture be below 10 degrees Centigrade, it will almost
instantly split open, and form a kind of irre-
gular arc, which soon after is shivered into a number
of separate disks, each resembling the original one.
The results of our author's experience are as fol-
lows :-1. Creosote may be rendered inactive (i.e.,
stationary) by heat. 2. The adhesive force of the
liquid surface declines as the temperature is raised.
This is shown by the creosote figure being either
not formed at all, or having, when formed, its dura-
tion considerably extended. 3. The duration of the
figure is increased in a hydrogen, and diminished in
a carbonic acid atmosphere. 4. The adhesive force
of the surface is diminished by the addition to the
water of small portions of liquid and solid bodies
soluble therein. 5. The adhesive force of the sur-
face is diminished or destroyed by placing on it a
film of some other liquid. 6. The adhesive force of
a film for the surface of water may be estimated by
the displacing power of creosote, or by the increased
duration of the creosote figure.

COUNTRY M.ARKETS.

BRISTOL-THURSDAY.

On our market to-day there was a better supply of
English wheat, and fully previous currencies were realised.
In foreign wheat, which met a good inquiry, prices were
unaltered. Malting barley little inquired for; grinding
sorts 6d per qr, advance, with a trilling supply. Oats in
fair demand, and rather lower. Beans at about is over
the rates of last market. Indian corn 2s dearer.