The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 18, 1867.

O.WELL, JAMES, and Co.,
By Special Appointment to her Majesty the Queen,
their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales,
and the principal Courts of Europe,
GOLDSMITHS. JEWELLERS, and SILVERSMITLIS,
5, REGENT-STREET, PALL-MALL.
Specialit6 for Monogram Jewellery in Diamonds, Crystal,
Gold Enamel, and Precious Stones.
Messts. 11., J., and Co. employ only Artists of repute
as Designers of Monograms, and they respectfully invite
the Nobility and Guitry to inspect specimens of these
artistic productions, as-also their n-w- and varied Stock of
Gold and Silver Work, espmially designed for the forth-
coming Season. Photographs highly finished as Minia-
tures. Class 36, Precious Metals Court, P.E.

ORYSTAL PALACE.—T 0 -I\l oltlt 0 W
V-) (GOOD FIUDAY).—Wet or Dry.—The Holiday
Resort.

-
CRYST AI, PA I, NC 11—T 0-MO RR OAV
(GOOD FRIDAY).--GR ND SACRED CON-
; ERT.—M r. Sims Rieves, Madame Rudersdorff, Mr.
Saniley, and Mr. Weiss; Mr. Harper (Trumpet); Mr.
Levy (Cornet), and full Chorus. The Band tf the Com-
p:my wilt be augmented by this full Band of the Coldstream
Guards (Mr. F. Godfrey). Concert will commence at Half-
past Three cielock. Visitors :ire advised to come early, as
the day is one of more than ordinary attraction.
RAILWAY AIMANGEMENT.—Trains as often as
required by this Loudon and Brighton Railway from Lon-
don-bridge, Victoria, Kensington, and Stations of North
London and Metropolitan Railway; als to High Level
Station from Victoria Lnlgate, and Metropolitan, for
which see Time Bills.- For particulars of long excursions
see bills of respectiVe railway companies.
Open for admission from Nine till Nine. Lighted at
dusk.
" A sight alone worth a journey to Norwood to see."—
Vide Critique.
Admission, One Shilling ; children, half-price. Guinea
Season Tickets free.
RESERVED SEAT NOTlCE.—Nutnbered reserved
seats, Half-a-Crown, may now be secured at the Palace,
and 6, Exeter Hall. Apply at once for them, as the demand
is always in excess of any possible supply.
NOTE. The Oxford and Cambridge Boats on View Daily
up to Wednesday.

roliN GOSIN ELL and CO.'S CHERRY
TOOI'II PitSTl4 is greatly supe:ior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay. and imparts a pleas,nt fragrance to
he breath. Price is. 81—Red Bull Wharf, 93, Upper
Thames-street, London.

DUNVILLE'S V.R. OLD IRISH WHISKY,
BELFAST,

Is regularly supplied to the 'louse of Lords.

"V.R." IRISH WHISKY.

DUNVLLLE and CO.'S " V.R." OLD IRISH
WHISKY, BELFAST.

London OM Als and Stores,
4, BEAUFORT-BUILDINGiI, STRAND, W.C.
Established 18C8. Quotations on application.

CRYSTAL PALACE.—GOOD FRIDAY.—
SIMS REEVES, SANTLEY, RUDERSDORFF,
WEISS, HARPER, and LEVY. To-morrowat Half-past
Throe. By road or by rail. Come early.—Open at Nino.

JAMES DALY and CO., Distillers, John-street,
Cork.—" The purest spirit and West drink in the
world."—Loudon Offices, 7, Printing-house-square, E.G.,
next the '• Times."

CRYSTAL PALACE.—GOOD FRIDAY.—
The Thousands of Visitors present To-morrow are
invited to join, in full Unison, in the EVENING HYMN,
the OLD HUNDREDTH PSALM, and GOD SAVE
THE QUEEN.
The music will bo led by the (;neat Organ, the Band of
the Company, the Band of the Coldstream Guards, and a
full Chorus. Conductor, Mr. MANNS.
NOTE.--It is hoped that all will sing.
Words and music, with Programme, Threepence each,
within the Paisco.

TAMES DALY and CO., Distillers, John-street,
Cork, be; to announce that they are able to supply the
trade with their celebrated Whiskies. in casks or cases, and
to take orders in bond a►nd for exportation, at their offices, 7,
Printing-house-square, London, E C.. the only house in the
square not occupied by the " Times." J. D. and Co.'s whiskies
brime the highest prices in the Australian and othe- Colonial
markets, as may b.: observed by reverence to the "Journal of
Commerce of Victoria," by which it will be seen that their
whiskies fetch 6d. per gallon and is. per case over the next
best, and Is. 6d per gallon ana ss. 6d. a case over the lowest
quotation. Always on hand a large supply of ve y old
mellow whisky in the finest condition, matured in sherry
casks, unsurpassable in quality and flavour, supplied on the
most reasonable terms.

TEA IS CHEAPER THAN EVER.
is. 61., 25., 2s 61. per lb. are the prices at which
PIIILLIPS and CO.,
Tea Merchants, 8, King William-street, City, London, E. 0..
are selling good and fine
BLACK TEA.
A price current post tree.. 40s worth carriage free to any
Railway Station or Market Town in the United Kipgdom.
All goods carriage tree to all parts of London.
Observe— PrriLmrs and Co. have no Agents.
Sugars are supplied at market prices.

RUPTURES.-11Y ROYAL LETTERS PATENT
WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS
(PERFECTED AND EXHIBITED IN THE GREAT
EXHIBITIONS or 1851 and 18621, is allowed by upwards of
rWO Hundred Medical Gentlemen to be the most effective
invention in the curative treatment of HERNIA. The use
of a steel spring, so otters hurtful in its effects, is here
avoided,— a soft bandage being worn round the body, while
the requisite resisting power is supplied by the Moe-Main
Pad and Patent Lev, r, fitting with so much ease and clOse-
ness that it cannot be detected, and may be v;orn during
sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and truss,
which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post. on the circum-
ference of the body, two inches below the hips, being sent to
the manufacturer,
Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly.
A Single Truss, Vs., 215., 26s 61, and 315.6(1 Postage, Is.
A. Double Truss, 31s. 6d., 428 , and 51s. 6d. Postage, Is. Bd.
An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525.,6d. Postage, Is. 10d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable toJohn White, Post-
a:ice, Piccadilly.
NEW PATENT
A- ST- I C STOCKINGS,
A KNEE-CAPS, tee., for Varicose Veins nd all cases nf
Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, ,prainsa, Am They are
porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on
like an ordinary stocking. Price 4s. 6d., is. 6d., 10s., and 165.
each. Postage, 6d.
JOHN WHITE. Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly.

GE O L O G- Y.-ELEMENTARY COLLEC-
TIONS, to illustrate the New .Edition of "Lyall's
Elements of neology" and facilitat - the important study of
Mineralogy and Geology, can be had at 2,5, 10. •!0, 50 to 500
guineas ; also single Specimens of Minerals, lioats, Fossils,
and liezent Shells,Geologisal Slays. Hammers, all the recent
Pub ioalions, .tc., of J. TENNANT, Mineralogist to Her
Majesty, 149. Strand, London.
Private Instruotion is given in Mineralogy and Geo!ogy by
Mr. TENNANT, F.G.S.. t 49, Strand, W.C.

PAINLESS SYSTEM OF DENTISTRY.
Just published, price 3d. Post free four stamps.
TOTAL ABOLITION OF PAIN
IN DENTISTRY.
By Messrs. GABRIEL, the old established DENTISTS,
61, LUDGATE- 9 ILL, Clty, 1 _
56. ti A tiL EY-ST KE V, w., London.
134, DU KE-STRE E r, LIVERPOOL.

EUROPEAN ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
Empowered by Special Act, of Parliament..
CHAIRMAN -- Gen. Sir FREDERIC SM ITH, K.LI., P.R.S.
Pol-cies payable during life, indisputable, not liable to
forfeiture.
The ROYAL NAVAL, MILITARY, and EAST
INDIA Life Department, affording peculiar advantages to
Officers and others in the Navy and Army, is under the
especial patronage of
HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN.
Annual Premium Revenue, upwards of £310,000.
New Premium Income in 1865 exceeded £62,000.
Life, Fire, Guarantee, and Annuities at advantageous
rates.
The European is the only Society anthoris.ed by the Im-
perial Parliament to Guarantee the Fidelity of Govern-
ment Officials.
Full particulars of the popular principles of this Society
will be found in the Now Prospectus, which will be for-
warded to applicants, post free.
Offices - 316, Regent-street ; 17, Waterloo-place, Pall-
mall; and 69, King William-street, City.
HENRY LAKE, Manager.

ENTRANTS IN 1867 PARTICIPATE IN FIFTH DIVISION OF
PIIO+'ITS.
MUTUAL ASSURANCE WITHOUT MUTUAL LIABILITY.
PROFITS APPLIED SO AS TO MAKE POLICIES PAYABLE IN
LIFETIME.
AND SO AS TO RAISE SECOND CLASS LIVES; AFTER A
DEFIED PERIOD, TO FIRST CLASS RATES.
BRITISH EQUITABLE. ASSURANCE
COMPANY, •
4, Queen-street-place, Southwark-bridge, London, E.C.
DIRECTORS.
George Thomas Dale, Esq., Bayswater.
Edmund Dunn, Esq., Croydon.
William Gover, Esq., Blackheath.
William Sutton Gover, Esq., 4, Queen-street-place-
John Middleton Hare, Esq., Forest llill.
Fountain John Hartley, Esq., Dalston.
John Sinither, Esq., Wellclose-square.
Joseph Warinington, Esq., Lee-grove, Blackheath.
MANAGING DIRECTOR AND ACTUARY.
11V illiam Sutton Gover, Esq., 1?.5.5.,
AUDITORS:
• Mr. Deputy Obbard, Blackheath. •
Charles Brown, Esq., Waddon.
mr
.zs
.IsA e - .
f
yr,o
• William George Lemon, Esq., Blackheath-
BANKERS. •
The London and Westminster Bank.
William
College of Physicians of London), 40,Finsbury-square.
SURGEON. the Royal
Thomas Carr Jackson, SURGEON.
of •of the Royal College
of Surgeons, SUrgeon to the Great Northern Hospital,
King's-cross), 3, Weymouth-street, Portland-place.

--- 1
EXTRACTS FROM REPORT,
In the past three years the New PolicieS effected were—
Reported in 1865, 1,650, amounting to £270,736; 1866,
Triennial
nPi Premiums mrieurim3os,dlso,f6t
,hptetsf
otNr3ev exwa5r0,p7X,00116a5,139;18
2,073, £353,700; 1867, 2,845, £5C1,175. Total Number,
6,568, amounting to £1,125,611.
Iln‘htehltroFwo Four 71
were—First Three Years,
Three Years, 2,926, for £494,066 ; Third Three Years,
preceding Six Years.
8,941, for £629,547 ; Fourth Three Years, 6,568, for
£1 125,611. Total, 16,631, for £2,756,284.
are 11,637 in Number,
So that the New Business of the last Three-Years has
Bsincossunedd
paid in the year under
am beenrrouhgreater
tirn
gol
iteoti
ehxsain,i9ntBlol:f:otr o
258 f the
this
day
• •
The amount paid for Death Claims, and Bonuses paid
671p`holeieDeseaamthoCunlatieTistoan1114B,rgres
since the establishment of the Company, under 399 Policies,
is £64,447.
The ACCUMULATED FUND has been increased
during the Year by no less than Twenty-eight Thousand
Nine Hundred and Nino Pounds, making the amount laid
by in the last three years, Sixty-rive Thousand Nine
, amounts to
One Hundred and Twenty-seven Thousand Nine Hundred
and Seventy-eight Pounds Sterling. Tho Accumulated
of 1 per_ Cent._. per annum on
Hundred and Seventy-Eight Pounds, and now
Fund has thus been nearly doubled at the end of each
trienrial period.
'A
tiedter)littudertatY Bonus
sticipating Policies was declared.
I Stiedir

.„..• T. JOSEPH'S - HALL, TOTTENHAM-
ROAD,
Nickleby." In.
t' I ROAD, KINGSLAND.—At _the request of theSOMERVILLE,
Render
—Admission—Chairs 1..: ;
to the Society of Arts, wlllighte a, Reading in tho above
"ad of Mr. W. D. Scott, 'a.t,
EVENING, April 23
talioocit:LEA,43sr:cTliikliarresTDUiEckeSDnstY"
aid of a fund for the widow and famdy. of the late, T. E.
bßareakdlseeya,tfso,ind. erTofictkheets"tLoabineph.
the Presbytery, 170, Culford-road, Ktngsland, and of Mr.
James Duffy, publisher, 22, Paternoster-row.—Doors.
opened
at half-past seven o'clock p.m., to commence at
eight precisely.
*** No money taken at the doors.

ALeitsrx. Dimsdale
MapILI,
'IIIIE LONDON FEVER HOSPITAL has
11 utiGENT NJ of FUNDS. —Donations and Sub-
pt
C0.,l ssol,
01 Inibleilitilrnmkeffrusirlye. r.it;crt;ii,i7md)lll,l:l d
Co.
and , Ch 4ring-
cross ; Mesqrs. Comte and Strand ; MeBdrA. Hoare
fleet-street ; and by the undersigned, the
Llverpool-road, N., ItLLS FINN, gee.

THE BMST REMEDY FO! 14 IGEsTION.
NORTON'S CAMOMILE PILLS are confi-
dently recommender; as a simple but e,ertaln Remedy
for Indigestion, which 1.4 the cause of nearly all the diseases
to which we are subject, being a .i.edicine so unliormly_erate
ful and beneficial, that it is w,th justice called the "Natural
Strengthener of the human Stomach." "Norton's Pills "
act as a powerful tonic and gentle aperient; are mild in their
operation. safe under any circumstances, and thousands of
persons can now hem' testimony to she benefits to be derived
from their use, as they have been a never-failing Family
Friend for upwards of 24) years. •
Sold in battles at is. lid., 2s. 9d., and Ils. each, in every
town in the kingdom.
CAUTION.
Re sure and ask for "NORTON'S PILLS," and do not be
persu.di:ii to purchase any of the various imitations which
have sprung up in consequence of the sueoe” of NORTON'S
CAKOAILLE

PRICE.... 4d.
STAMPED sd.

within musket-shot of each other, by small blockhouse re- employed," and " for " regulating the trade." Air.
doubts, loopholed, and 1 furnished with small guns and 1 Roebuck asked,--" Why should you prevent a mas-
swivds. This cuts off all connection with the natives but
through a portenllisdoor, admitting. into a railed yard those ter from employing boys who can do the work ?"
and the witnese replied,—" We have a perfect right
bringing goods to market. The present very substantial
house erecting for flue governor and his establishment to say to him, If you employ a certain number of
is about 110 feet long by 70 wide, of two good boys beyond what we conceive to be the proper
stories with lofts, capped by a lighthouse in the centre of number, we will not work for you." ?.Ir. Roebuck
the roof. The summit of the light is 110 feet above the sea ._...." A proper number means the number that you
level, anti commands a most extensive prospect. The like ? l • 11 T•
- Itness--" What the men think right."
building is of wood, solid, some of the logs measuring76
and 80 feet in length, and squaring one foot. The roof is In reply to Mr. Harrison, the witness said the sociey
pitched and covered with sheet iron. When complete, the men regulated their affairs without dependence upon
fortifications of Sitka will comprise five sides, upon which the non-society men ; but if the latter fell in with
40 pieces of cannon will be mounted, principally old, ship the society men's views
guns, varying from 12 to 21-pounders. The bulwarks are "well and good." Occa-
sionally the two classes held a meeting, and, gene-
of wood, and fitted similarly to the ports on the main deck
roily speaking, if there was anything in the nature
of a frigate. The arsenal, which is immediately under the -
of a strike the non-society men left their employ-
low ground, is well stored with cordage of every descrip-
tion, and of very superior quality. The range of artificers ment as well as the society men. There was now a
is very complete, and specimens of their workmanship in strike at Blackburn to resist a reduction of wages to
every department attest superior ability. The saw-mills, the extent of 2s. a week. There had previously
which are worked by water, are about 20 miles distant, been a rise there in consequence of the briskness of
half-way down the south side of the sound, at Les Sources, trade ; but now, trade being slack, the masters
or warm springs, which serves as a sort of Harrogate to
wanted to lower the wages. This evidence drew
the colony. They have a building slip, protected by a
house, similar to those in our dockyards. The establish-
from Mr. Roebuck the remark—" So you have one
went comprises that of a ship of the line, one eaptiin (the rule for yourself and another for your master ?" to
and which the witness rejoined—" We keep what we
governor), one commander (lieutenant-governor),
lieutenants, masters, &c., according to the number of ves- can get as a general rule." -He knew that society
eels employed. The total number is about 800, but of these men were refused employment at some places ; but,
many were invalids. Of course many of their picked men
he said, even if thegreat firm of John Brown. and
were absent iu their vessels, visiting the posts and collect-
Co., of Sheffield, advertised that they would have
ing furs which were daily expected to arrive. I witnessed
comparative cleanliness and comfort, and much to admire no society men in their place, he doubted the as-
particularly in the school and hospital. The interior of sumed fact that they bad no society men in their
their church is splendid, quite beyond conception in such a employ. Mr. Matthews asked—" You set your` face .
place as this. The wholo ortfthlishment appears to be against competition in labour by the free admission
rapidly on the advance, and at no distant period we may
of boys ?" Witness—" We endeavour to prevent
hear of a trip to Norfolk Sound, through America, as little
an overplus of labour in our market by the, admis-
more than a summer excursion." sion of boys." Mr. Matthews—" So that while
The trade of Sitka, in 1842, was estimated at
keen competition is brought to bear on the opera -
10,000 fur seals, 1,000 sea otters, h12,0e ceotObteh haveres, .
lions of masters in every department of trade, the
2,500 land otters, and 20,000 sea-horse
workmen contrive by this means to shut out the
and h
sides foxes and martens, produces of the
competition of labour? Witness—" No, I think it
salmon, sturgeon, and turbot fisheries,e
and of the
enerally regulates itself." Mr. Afatthews—" But
neighbouring forests. Sable and ermine are also g
would not the effect of the unions be to interfere with
obtained in the territory. that self-regulation?" Witness—" Decidedly so,
It is believed that Russian America will be found
we do not interfere as rei
gards society men." Die Roe-
hereafter to possess far great riches in its minerals i
buck—" And f any evil followed from that nterfe-
and ores than in its furs or fisheries. Several vale
pence the evil would fall upon the poor ?" Witness—
able minerals, such as fine jasper, porcelain, clay,
" I do not know about whom it would fall on, that is a
semi-opal, plumbago, gypsum, various coloured
broad quostion." Mr. Matthews—" It. would have
ochres, amber, sulphur, petroleum, galena, por-
phyry, variegated marble, and also iron ore, have the effect, at all events, of very materially restrict-
ing the resources from which the employers draw
already been discovered in many parts of the terri
their supplies of labour ?" Witness—" It is no
tory. Coal is found in abundance in all parts of the
doubt a restriction."' He added. afterwards that the
immense region, which will prove of great value in
object in limiting apprentices was " to keep wages
facilitating mining operations. -
up ; no question about it." The witness allowed as
:4-A brief study of the above facts in relation to
a rule when the men wanted the hours of labour re-
Russian America, which have been mainly obtaineel
from a work published in 1855 by the Literary and duced they would not consent to the wages being
Historical Society of Quebec, and which may, there- proportionally lowered ; but the exception bad
fore, be deemed authentic, will tend to show that, taken place. I ~
tecurrina to the question of strikes
independently of any political purposes which the he said persons who had nothing to do with the
strikes were often thrown out of employment, and
Americans may have kept in view in acquiring the
had nothing from the funds but what was given
territory, the development of its varied resources is they
an object worthy of their skill and enterprise, and in charity. The witness controverted the general
likely in their hands to prove a new and valuable view about the interest of employers and employed
source of national wealth. to work together. lie said—" I scarcely see how
that can be while we are in a state of society which
recognises the principle of buying in the cheapest
and selling in the dearest market. It is their (the
masters') interest to get the labour done at as low a
rate as they possibly can ; and it is ours to get as
high a rate of wages as possible, and you can never
reconcile these two things." He allowed that a
strike had taken place against a foreman, under
whom the men would not work.
On the question of foreign work, the witness ex-
pressed no fear that continental manufactures would
ever successfully compete with the English, and he
said—" I may just state that trades' societies are
being established in France and in Belgium rapidly,
and they will have the tendency of raising the
wages, and thereby remove that fear of competition
that our English friends arc so lunch alarmed about."
Mr. Matthews asked—" Do you know anything
of wages in France and Belgium, as compared with
' England ?" The Witness—" Our members em-
ployed in France are getting from £2 to £2 10s. per
week. The same class of men in all probability
would be getting here Hs. a week." Mr. Matthews
—" What do the ordinary French and Belgian work-
men get? I wish to draw a distinction between
the highly skilled workmen, which, I dare say, those
are who go out from your society to work in France,
and the ordinary skilled workmen in Belgium and
France?" Witness—l do not know personally; I
only go from hearsay, but I am given to understand
that it is from four to six francs per day." Mr.
Matthews—" Is it not something like 30 per cent.
below the wages of English workmen?" Witness
—"lf thy are getting sf. a day it would be, say 4s 2d
against some Gs. here." Mr. Matthews—" Assu-
ming the ordinary rate of wages to be 30 per cent.
lower in France and Belgium than in this country,
and that workmen improve in France and Belgium
as they do here, what is to prevent work going
from this country to France andßelgium ?". Witness
" I cannot answer that question as to what even-
tually may turn up, but at the present time I see
nothing to apprehend. I believe, in the first place,
that the Englishman does as much work in six days
as the Frenchman can do in eight. Under the sys-
tem on which they work there; men being allowed
to smoke their cigars while at work and to enjoy
themselves in that kind of way, it is impossible for
them to do the same quantity of wOrk as they do in
England." Mr. Matthews—" Is it not the fact
that the manufacture of locomotives and other
engines has very much increased in France and Bel-
gium in the last ten years ?" Witness—"l believe
it has. I do not think that France and Belgium
will stand still in that respect or in any other. I
believe nations will progress, because it is in the
nature of things; that they should." The witness
also stated +at the society received information as
to work going on in different parts, and they used
this information for the benefit of the members;
and after some other details had been given, the
witness's evidence closed.

Trades' Unions.

The evidence given before the Royal Commission
on Trades' Unions, by Mr. Allan, the Secretary of
the Society of Amalgamated Engineers, the first
part of whose evidence was given in The Sun of yes-
terday, was resumed before Sir William Erie (chair-
man), Lord Elcho, M.P., Sir E. W. Head, K.C.8.,
Sir D. Gooch, M.P., Mr. H. Merivale, C. 8., Mr. J.
Booth, C. 8., Mr. Roebuck, M.P., Mr. T. Hughes,
M.P., Mr. F. Harrison, and Mr. W. Matthews.
On this occasion the witness brought certain rules
or by-laws to which he had referred in his previous
evidence, and which he acknowledged were in effect
secret, as they were not issued with the rules,
and were kept back, so that the public, that
was to say the non-society men, should not know
them. These rules imposed fines upon any members
doing work by the piece, and refusing to share the
surplus over the weekly wages with the members
upon the job, that was to say be was forced to share
the profits of his skill with the others under the
penalty of a fine of 10s. the first time, 20s. the
second, and exclusion the third. Members working
under a " piecemaster" had to insist upon having a
share of such profits, and those who refused to leave
such employment on the call of their branch, for
not receiving such profits, over and above their
wages, subjected themselves to the same penalties.
Mr. Matthews said on this—" If a workman, pos-
sessed of superior intelligence or tact, in organising
a contract, divides the proceeds among his fellow-
men, there is 'no encouragement for him to proceed
in that way, is there ?" To this .the witness re-
plied—" Such a man as that, generally speaking, is
rated at a higher rate of wages than the others,
and, in addition to his rate of wages, or the sharing
the surplus, he generally receives something like 5
or 10 per cent. for his management of the affair."
This " something like 5 or 10 per cent.," however,
is only given at the option of the other men, and, if
they decline to allow it, the skilled manager of the
job " must in that case submit" to go without it.
The society did not interfere with a man getting
more wages than the average, but it assisted men in
obtaining a rise—that was to say, a man might
complain to his branch that lie had not enough
I wages, and if the members thought with him they
would sanction his leaving and having the " out-of-
work" " donation ;" but if a man worked for less
than he was thought entitled to, and was willing to
continue working for this less sum he stood " a very
~good chance of being excluded" from the society. Mr.
Matthews asked —" Even without working at a very
reduced rate, if he were working below the recognised
rate of working, the same would occur, would it not?"
and the witness gave this answer—" We would say,
You must leave this shop.' We would suppose a shop
to be what we call a 365. shop—that is to say, 365. a
week. If a member goes and works there for 325.,
and is not worth any more, than we say to him,
Your better plan will be to leave this shop and go
to one where you can only get that—but do not stay
here for the purpose of giving encouragement to the
employer to reduce the rate to 325.'" • Anothe.rfnof,
the by-laws or secret rules was the one prohibite
ti:,
members from obtaining non-members a job wfiti
out first obtaining the sanction of the officerso
branch, and Mr. Matthews asked—" suyrsdifrng
om
brother came to him, would he be prohibite
a
recommending him ?" and the witn
andshould
say, that he should" (be so prohibited.)
On the question of strikes, increase of wages,
.andi
i
decrease of working hours, the witness was eicanune(
at very great length. He said the advance n wealth
and strength of the society had tended to make
strikes in the trade less frequent than they were
formerly, and there had been fewer trade disputes,
with lock-outs and strikes, during the last 15 years
than during the preceding 15 years. Now, when
men had grievances, they waited upon their em-
ployers by deputations, and the council of the
tha sot
-
ciety gave advice. He said, " I should say
members generally are decidedly opposed to strikes,
and that the fact of our having a large accumu-
Intel fund tends to encourage that feeling among
them. They wish to conserve what they have got,
as I have heard it put here, thq,nian who has not
got a shilling in his pocket has not much to be
afraid of, but with a large ftnad.such as we possess,
we are led to be exceedingAiiisreful not to expend
it wastefully, and we Believe that all strikes are a
complete waste of money, not only in relation to
the workmen, but also to the employers." The
society, he said, have recommended that no strikes
should take place in 20 cases in as many months in
this trade. Wages had fluctuated little during the
last 10 or 12 years, but during the last year there
has been an upward tendency. The society had cer-
tainly not maintained more than six strikes during
the last 10 years directly for the purpose of raising
wages. The strikes which occurred had principally
arisen "frown piece-ivork and the large numb er of boys

STATE OF TRADE.

)

BELFAST, April 16.—Flax.—The different mar-
kets of Ulster have, during the past week, been very
moderately supplied, which is owing to the fact
that farmers are very busily engaged in sowing ope-
rations. An animated demand exists for the finer
qualities. Coarse and medium sorts are dull of sale,
and could be bought at slightly reduced figures.
Yarns.—Orders on home account are of an average
character. Very little business has been done with
England and Scotland. A fair export trade has
been accomplished, whiCh has given a better tone
to the market. Stocks slightly increased ; prices
are in favour of purchasers. Linens (brown)
power-loom.--- Except for light linens and linen
handkerchiefs this department of the trade is very
languid, and very little business has been aceotu-
plished during the week. Hand-loom diapers, da-
masks, and medium and fine sorts of linen hand-
kerchiefs are in good demand at firm rates ; other
descriptions of hand-loom goods do not command a
ready sale, although in sorae instances manufac-
turers would submit to reduction in prices- to effect
sales. Bleached and finished Linens.--A fair
home trade has been accomplished. The business
transacted on Continental account has not been
extensive. The trade with America has been very
limited ; advices, however, are more favourable.
NOTTING ILAM , 17th.—In the hosiery aptbusin ere
is a slight improvement in the home trf, bdu
there is not much doing
ma,nd fur yarns is slack, as buyers are holding back
in foreign orders. Vie a-
il]. the expectation of seeing the cotton-market more
settled ; what business is transacted is on favourable
terms for the purchaser. The workmen are
.there is uo scarcity of
tolerably well eulployed ;
work, but hands are 7eadily obtainable when
wante3. Tile lace trade is dull ; there are but few
Ihome buyers in the market ; the shipping business,
however, continues active, as there are some good
orders for eiportlitiou on bad.

~~t~,

,Z -

~~~~

-c- -17"

The. Volunteer Review at Dover.

The following notification was issued yesterday
" On Easter Sunday there will be Divine service
at 9.30 a.m. at Dover Castle, specially for Volun-
teers. Volunteers who may wish to attend this
service will parade at 1.30 a.m. near the Lord
Warden Hotel, or at 8 45 a.m. on the Market-place,
from whence they will be marched to the Castle
under the command of the senior officer. The
band of the Civil Service Rifle Volunteer Corps
will attend the parade at the Lord Warden Hotel.
"GEORGE ERSKINE, Colonel.
" War-office, April 17."

It appears from the official figures that the
total number of applications to attend the
Easter Monday Voluntel. review at Dover
is 23,600, of which nutn'vr 16,018 are front
the metropolis, and the re-t from the country corps.,
Tl,is number exceeds that of last year by about
2,600, and when the 2,200 infantry and 2,000 ca-,
valry from the regular army are addel it will be

seen that there are materials for a splendid military
display. The various corps who start from Lon4on
will have to be up betimes. The trains are ordered
to start at from 4.50 a.m. to 6.40 a.m., and during
those two hours about 10,000 men will leave London,
and are expected to arrive at Dover and be at their
rendezvous by 9 a.m. The whole of the front of the
Espl auade, Waterloo-crescent, Camden-crescent, and
the Marine-parade will be occupied by the Volum.
teers, and they will be formed into brigades and
divisions. The Volunteers will pile arms, and be
dismissed as soon as they arrive at the rendezvous of
their respective brigades, to enable them. to get
breakfast, but at 11 o'clock, on the fire of a single'
gun, the troops will march off to the battlefield.
But all will depend upon the railway arrangements:
If the prOmises of the company be kept—and we_
feel assured they will do all they can to keep faith
with Colonel Erskine—all the volunteers will arrive
in ample, time to get breakfast or some refreshment
before they march off to the " massing" ground.
The South-Eastern, and London, Chatham, and
Dover Companies are laying special lines of rails
for the purpose of facilitating the ingress and egress
of volunteer trains, so that the main lines may be
left quite free. The South-Eastern Railway are
erecting extra signal stations between Tunbridge
and Dover, as a double precaution to secure the
safety of the traffic.
The rifle shooting prize meeting will be at Folke-
stone on Saturday, and special trains have been orga.
raised for the passage between Dover and Folkestone.
As several erroneous statements have appeared with
respect to the privilege of inspecting Dover Castle,
we have permission to publish the following official
extract from garrison orders :
" Dover, April 15, 1867.

" The whole of the fortifications of Dover are to
be open to the public, with the fewest possible re-
strictions, between the hours of 9 a.m. and 6 p.m.,
from Thursday, the 18th, to Tuesday, the 23d inst.,
both days inclusive, with the exception of Monday,
the 22d, on which day the military operations in
connection with the volunteer review will render it
necessary that the public should be excluded. No
person whatever, officers in uniform and the resi-
dents of the castle excepted., are to be. admitted to
the castle on Monday, the 22d inst., without a pass
signed by the colonel commanding Royal Artillery,
or accompanied, by an officer of the Royal Artillery
residing at the castle. Admission to the Castle-hill
Fort on Easter Monday will be regulated by the
colonel commanding Royal Engineers and by the
volunteer committee.
" By order.
(Signed) " G. R. GREAVES,
" Lieutenant-Colonel B. Major."
The Right lion. Sir John Pakington, the Secre-
tary of State for War, and party will witness the
grand review from the Castle-hill Fort, in the centre
of which, at the flagstaff, and in line with and over-
looking the saluting point, an elevated platform
will be constructed.
We understand that Earl Granville, K.G., the
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, will view the
marching past and subsequent review operations
from the top of the right casement of the Castle-
hill Fort, which will be fitted up for his lordship
and party.
The Royal Engineers have selected a portion of
the Castle-hill Fort for the officers of that corps and
their immediate friends, and the War Department,
with the sanction of the Commander-in-Chief, have:
allowed most eligible positions, right and left of the
flagstaff and saluting point to the extension com-
mittee for the accommodation of distinguished visi-
tors. The committee are erecting commodious tiers
of seats on the ramparts, and will issue about 600
first-class tickets for them.
We believe that our gallant member, Major Dick-
son, has the authority of the First Lord of the Ad-
miralty, the Right Hon. H. T. L. Corry, for saying
that five vessels of war have already received orders
to rendezvous at Dover on Easter Monday, and
they are the Vesuvius, paddlewheel sloop, and the
Lizard, Magnet, Ferret, and Martin. This squadron
will doubtless be led by a large frigate or an iron-
' clad, and will be under the command. of a flag
officer.—Dover Chronicle.

-=--
Volcanic Eruption in the South Seas.

The Rev. Dr. Turner, a missionary, in a letter
dated Samoa, or Navigator's Islands, South Pacific,
Nov. 29, 1866, says :—" On the 7th of September
last the natives of Tau and Osolenga were surprised,
by an unusual succession of earthquakes—there
would be three and four in the course of an hour.'
During the night of the 91 there were in all 39
shocks. There was only a slight tremulous motion,
brit its continuance, together with an unusual sub-
terranean ' groaning,' as the natives called it,
alarmed everybody. They knew nothing of volcanic
action in the group from personal experience or the
traditions of their ancestors. Their islands, how-
ever, are all volcanic. On the 12th of September,
a little after noon, a commotion was observed in the
deep blue sea, about a mile and a half from 010-
senga, and three and a half from Tau. It appeared
like surf breaking over a sunken rock. Some
thought it might be a whale blowing, and others
that it was a shoal of bonito. This unusual com-
motion continued all day, and by the following
morning at daylight volcanic action was unmistak-
able. At first the eruptions were at intervals of
about an hour. They went on increasing for two
days, and on the 15th they were 50 in the hour. For 3
days longer there was one continued succession of out-
bursts. The natives gazed in amazement at the great
jets of mud and dense columns of other volanic matter
rising in terrific grandeur 2,000 feet above the
level of the sea. These again branched out into
clouds of dust blackening the sky, and covering up
Olosenga from the sight of the people on Tau. The
roar of the eruptions, and the collision and crash of
the masses of rock,;met in their downward course
from the clouds by others flying up, were fearful.
Quantities of fused obsidian, too, threw off the most
lovely fragments, crystal
sunshine like thousands of pendants from a
gasalier. No flame appeared, and
.only oncettor
which shone and sparkled, in the
twice was there a gleam of fire seen itn th,
Y basin'
thrown up.
e to) rl(c•,a and
o
and boiled and bubbled furiously in. great
half a Mile in diameter. After atime, the ocean
The sea was lirst Vi.oielal i •tegmitaateder
had a light sulphur tinge for ten miles round. Ileap,
of dead fish were washed ashore, and among them
ufnobre which
ilb l e,
deep-sea monsters, six and obveflve feet long, which
they have no name. The sulphurous vapours, heat,
and smoke, and ashes soon made the settlement on
(a)nit°lBtellilegapeionplae fled to latielee av little to the south.
the itatives have never seen
A slight tremulous notion continued to be felt on
land, but no fissures opened, nor have any hot
. _ The ordinary
springs of fresh water are also u
three days the violent action
when
to abate, and
on the 1 lth of November
l
it- i
the
fie et ce taeodh
e. r Afterfrom
springs made their appeara
whom I have my information eft, there were only
three or four in the 12 hour!, and the height to
which the matter was thrown was reduced to 20 or
tie
u
ocean,
30 feet above the level of the
uplifting;eeof the ad' see a
the.
sou conerfaee oro
t other
the
N
norbiass thaeprpeeaairieydaziL)bra.rent uplifting or subsi-
, Oloseuga still Com
agi-
tation has becomen mmourees'oaf
continues,
small islands. The motion on
nadsfur,oi
sudden
ea
jerk.tri,in tremulous u
spi
cious shaking has commenced on the cast side of
Tau, but on the west side, only six mileS diActut, all
is still," - - -

J 9

LoNnoy, THURSDAY, APRIL 18, 1867.

The close of the North German Parliament took
place yesterday, and the KING in person performed
the ceremony. There seems nothing but changes
in these matters, and we are continually reading of
one Chamber being opened and another closed, but
this last affair has been settled rather in a hurry.
Count BISMARCK has little cause to congratulate
himself upon the result of the work in question,
and certainly its brightest moments were not its
last by any means, for lie met with a series of re-
buffs and defeats, which, being unexpected, were
more overw helming. Perhaps he is wise to let the cur-
tain drop suddenly on the scene, so that people might
be induced to dwell upon the matter collectively,

The news just received from Madrid will be
heard with general satisfaction. The Prize Court
at Cadiz, we learn, has declared the capture of the
Queen Victoria by the Spanish cruiser to have been
illegal. There can, consequently, be no shadow of
an excuse for the Spanish Government to persist in
opposing the just claims of the English Minister.
It is true that the case of the Tornado still remains
to be adjusted, but the satisfactory settlement of
the one difficulty, though not necessarily affect-
ing the other, encourages us to hope that an
amicable understanding may be arrived at. The
Cabinet of Madrid may probably become convinced
that Lord STANLEY was in earnest, and that he
was fully prepared to enforce his just claims if
they did not meet with proper attention. Rash
and haughty as they are, they can scarcely be pre-
pared for actual hostilities with any great Power ;
indeed the internal condition of Spain is such, be-
tween an exhausted Exchequer and a discontented
population, that it would be scarcely possible to
carry on a war with a much less formidable ad-
versary than England. The nature of the dispute
respecting the Queen Victoria was not indeed one
which demanded any such extremities ; but Spaniards
are not always to be measured by the standard of other
men. England, at least, has had too good reason
to mistrust their good faith, and, in spite of the
boasted Castilian honour, they have not always
been willing either to pay their debts or to fulfil
their engagements. Despite their stateliness and
courtesy, it often requires a very firm hand to re-
duce their elaborate diplomacy to anything like
straightforward common sense and simple justice.
It was the more necessary that the English repre-
sentatives should insist upon full justice being
done iu the case of the Queen Victoria,
because the case is one so very liable to recur.
The revenue laws of Spain afford every temptation to
unscrupulous agents to seize merchant vessels on
flimsy pretexts. The Queen Victoria had, as we
know, a cargo of tobacco, and it was easy to get
up a charge of illicit traffic after the first seizure.
The captors were unwilling to let the prize slip out
of their hands, and, being fully aware of the nature

of the Spanish naval courts, they had good reason
for believing that they could, so far as their own
countrymen were concerned, bring their cause to a
successful issue. The first examination into the case
resulted in a decision in favour of the seizure, not-
withstanding the inconsistency of first claiming
a vessel as a derelict, and afterwards as a
smuggler. The first claim, it was, indeed, hardly
possible to substantiate, even in a Spanish naval
court, seeing that the crew were on board when the
vessel was brought into Cadiz; the second one
would think could be easily disproved by the owners
and commander. Yet it is impossible to doubt that
without the active and resolute interference of the
Foreign• office this injustice would have been per-
petrated, no restitution made, and no compensa-
tion allowed by the Spanish officials. In spite of
the evasions of General CALONGE we have every
reason to believe that the matter will be speedily
arranged. NARY-An can hardly be prepared to
affront England for the sake of a cargo of tobacco,
and if he were so reckless and so rash we may easily
believe that Queen ISABELLA would interfere.
Spanish affairs are complicated enough without the
folly and greed of minor officials adding to the
national perplexities, and it is well that even the
Castilian Cabinet should be brought to realise the
fact that a graceful and well-timed concession is
sometimes more honourable than an inflexible
dignity. The abandonment of San Domingo
was one of the wisest and most politic acts of any
Spanish Minister for a long time past, and we are
very sure that the Spaniards generally will hear
with satisfaction that the dispute with England is
likely to come to a speedy termination. Lord
STANLEY, notwithstanding his non-intervention
principles, has shown that he is quite prepared to
defend the national honour and interests, and that
he knows when to exhibit a wise determination,
as well as now to avoid becoming entangled in
continental disturbances. Any exhibition of vacil-
lation or of hesitation would have been fatal to the
results of his interference, and we should probably
have " drifted" on into a serious quarrel with
Spain without attaining the end desired.

The members of the Trades' Unions do not hesi-
tate to put their leading theories fully and fairly
before the public ; and accordingly those who are
interested in the matter may understand pretty
clearly the principles on which these associations
are conducted. The principle of combination
against
gat
n, suphear
si o
befeonr c
ae ,d
tet
eddo c
ft trom vhearty uenaearly
ionly
times to be a sound and wise one. The old fable
of
singthlye, faggots broken
wtnigthetheeasr,e
rbeesistberdokaenll
efforts,gave
thitaatworking men's associations practical isillustratioanss;nanadtiiotns
upon
this principle were
originally founded. The men were placed at a
great disadvantage as compared with their employers,
who not only possessed capital and intelligence, but
could also confer together and regulate the rate of
wages. It seemed, therefore, a natural and pru-
dent thing for the men, by combining together,
to have some means of resisting injustice, so as
to guard themselves against an unfair depreciation
of their labour by the only means in their power.
So far all was well, and no doubt such combi-
nations have done good, and ameliorated the posi-
tion of the working man. But the power thus
exercised is liable to 9 abuse, and there is every rea-
son to believe that it has been abused to a great
and serious extent. Setting aside the case of the
capitalists, who are very well able to take care of
themselves, who can import workmen from abroad
or carry their capital across the seas, or give their
contracts to foreign houses, we muit admit that a
very unfair pressure is put upon the workmen them-
salves by the agency of these societies. It is as if the
armour which a man put on to protect him against the
enemy crushed him by its own weight. Very few
employers would dream of exercising such coercion
as the Trades' Unionists put upon their fellows. The
radical fault of all such associations is that they
strike at the great principle of individual liberty.
A man, be he ever so good a workman, must not do
more than a certain amount of work in a given time.
If he does in some societies he is compelled to pay a
fine ! This is a good method for improving the quality
of English work truly ; and it is no wonder that
foreign competitors are beginning to outstrip us in
the race. Then if an employer takes on a non-
union man all the rest will strike till he is turned
off, whatever his abilities or character. Again, in
certain trades a man may not bring up his own son
to his trade, neither may a master take on more
than a certain number of apprentices. We say no-
thing of the acts of violence which all respectable
societies condemn ; but these are the recognised
principles they are not ashamed to acknowledge.
All experience tells us that they are founded on a
mistake, since mankind can never be brought to a
dead level of uniformity, and superior talent and
energy must make its way ; but that thousands of
intelligent men should submit to such a doctrine
proves that English workmen have still something
to learn in the science of political economy.