The Sun.
London, England, 1867-11-12 00:00:00

NAVAL APPOINTMENTS.

The following promotions were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :

Chief Engineer—Jas. W. German, addititional, to Fis-
gard, for Juno.
Engineer—Edward Inglodew, additional, to Fisgard, for
Philoniel.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.—This Day.

LoNDoN, Nov. 12.--Wind this day at noon—North-
Westerly ; moderate breeze and fine weather, but rather
cloudy.

QUEENSTOWN, Nov. 12.—Wind N.W.—Arrived—City
of Paris, screw steamer, from New York ; left on the 2d
instant.

CARDIFF, Nov. 11.—Wind N.W.—Sailed—Victor, for
Havannah ; Blanche, for Yokohama; St. Joseph, for
Mauritius.

FALMOUTH, Noy. 12.—Wind S.W.—Arriyed—Anna,
from Rio Janeiro.

LiranrooL, Nov. 12. —Wind N.W.—Arrixed—Alleppo,
steamer, from New York.

GRATZSEND, Tuesday Morning.
Arrived, Nov. 11-11armonia, from St. Petersburg ;
Siblomston, from Soderham; Medusa, steamer, and Co-
lumbine, steamer, from Cronstadt.

Arrived, Nov. 12—Magna Charta, steamer, from Alme-
ria ; Hippolite Mario, from Rouen ; Derwent, steamer, anti
Era, steamer, from Cronstadt ; Seine, steamer, from
Boulogne. •

Sailed.—Alphington, for Singapore.
DEAL, Tuesday Morning.
Passed.—Volunteer, screw steamer, for Bordeaux; Queen
of India, for Madras ; Zeus, for Buenos Ayres ; Quiver, for
St. Michael's ; Adler, for Liverpool—all from London ;
Cleator, screw steamer, from the West, for London.
Anchored--Caroline, from London, for Cardiff.
PIT E.

iXPLOSION AT CRADLEY, STAFFORDSHIRE.—
Yesterday morning a disastrous pit explosion took
place at Homer-hill Colliery, on the confines of the Saab
Staffordshire coal field. The pit is the ptoperty Of
Messrs. Swindells and Evers, and has ben in operation
more than two years. It has always been co:;;dered a
very safe pit. According to custom 4:,03 pit was examined
by the deputies at six o:':Lock, and a fall of stone was
found to have.dn place,
onfurther but examination no
gas was ntscernible. The men wont to work at the ordi-
nary time, and had been at work an hour and a half when
a violent explosion took place in the south workings.
There were forty men in the pit at the time, and of
these sixteen are seriously burnt, the majority past re-
covery ; others on being brought to the surface by the
men from the north workings, who did not experience the
full force of the blast, suffered very much from after damp.
The mon were brought to the surface as rapidly as pos-
sible, and medical assistance obtained. The cause of the
accident is attributed to fire.darup,
Despatches were received yesterday at the
Colonial Office from the Governor of the Bahamas. De-
spatches were sent to the Governors of Malta, Ceylon,
Hong Kong, Labuan, the Straits Settlements, and Gib-
raltar.

SALE OF TIIE DANISH WEST INDIA ISLANDS.-
A telegram through Pope and Ree's Goneral Telegram
Office from Copenhagen states that it is not the Island of
St. Croix, but tho Danish Islands of St. Thomas and St.
Jean, that have beenn, sold to:the United Statos for 14 mile
lion Danish thalers.

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214
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all
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THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 12, 1807.

SOLEMN REQUIEM FOR THE PONTIFICAL

SOLDIERS-THIS DAY.

A solemn requiem mass was celebrated to-day
at the pro-Cathedral, Moorfields, at which his
Grace the Archbishop of Westminster assisted
pontifically. The cathedral, the high altar, the
archbishop's throne and pulpit, were all draped
with black velvet, trimmed with gold lace.
In front of the high altar a catafalque
was erected, over which was a pall of cloth of gold
edged with sable velvet. At the four corners were
placed massive golden candelabra, between which
were others of smaller size, all containing lighted
tapers. Shortly after eleven the Archbishop—fol-
lowed by Provost Hunt, and Canons Weathers,
Last, Searle, B trns, Walker, and Hearn, entered
the cathedral, and wok his seat on the throne at the
left of tho altar, the grand organ pealing forth the
Kyrie. There were also present:the Provincial
of the Augustinians, of the Oblates of Mary,
the Oblates of St. Charles, several Fathers
of the Oratory and the I'assionists, the Revs. W.
Kelly, Lockhart, Dr. Gilbert, T. Cahill, Hussey,
Pycke, &c., the sanctuary being full of ecclesiastics.
After the Epittle and Gradual the " Dies imse"
was solemnly and most impressively chanted by a
very full choir, and at the close of the mass his
Grace ascended the pulpit and preached the sermon,
of which the following is in substance, as nearly as
possible, the words of his Grace :
Wisdom, v. 4-5, " We fools counted their life madness,
and their end without honour. Behold they aro
numbered among the Children of God, and their lot is
among the Saints."
There is a day to come which will reverse the
confident judgments of men. On that day " The
first will be last and the last first." The wise in this
world will be fools, and the fools in this world wise.
The mad in this world will be the heirs of a
better. Our Divine Redeemer. was " beside him-
self," " a deceiver," " a:demoniac." And "if they
have called the Master of the house Beelzebub,:
much more them of thehousehold." Day after day,
base, craven, hireling names should be showered
upon the noble-hearted men who have joyfully laid
down their lives for the Vicar of Jesus Christ. I
will not break the peace of this hour if I were to
repeat the false and cowardly railings which
have been pelted at them. They would taint the
fragrance of this sanctuary. I will, therefore,
examine the cause for which they fell, and I will
appeal from the nameless accusers to a tribunal
which is seldom unjust to the broad, calm, common
sense of Englishmen, and to the nobler and higher
instincts of Christians.
The dead for whose' repose we offer the Holy
Sacrifice to-day were slain in battle for the defence
of the sacred person of the Vicar of Jesus Christ,
of his lawful authority over the city which, under the
providence of God, he and his predecessors have
held for, I will say, a thousand years. I might
say far more, for the liberty of his person and office
as Head of the universal Church, for his supreme
guardianship of the faith and law of Jesut Christ,
in which all Christendom has its vital interests,
and finally for the rights and spiritual liberties of
the whole Catholic world.
If it bs madness or baseness to die for such a
cause, tell me what cause is holy, what cause is
glorious? If the world calls such men hirelings,
the whole Christian world will honour them as
martyrs ; and we will bide the sentence of the
Judge from whom is no appeal.
There was a time when the whole of Western
Christendom held it to, be noble and glorious to
volunteer in arms to defend the Holy Sepulchre
from the powers of Mahotnetanism. Why is it not
in like manner noble and glorious to defend the

Vicar of Jesus Christ, the liberty, the purity of the

Church itself from an anti-Christian revolution ?
If it was an act of Christian chivalry to defend
the frontiers of Christendom, why is it not both
Christian and Christianity to defend its Head and
Centre ? If it was a noble courage to fight and to
fall for the Christian liberty and purity of souls,
and of homes threateiM by Mihometanism, how
is it ignoble and hireling to defend the Christian
Church as the centre of its liberty, purity, and life,
against the violence of men who have blasphemously
trumpetel their hatred of Christianity, and stained
the cities of Italy with impurity and blood?
I will appeal from such writing of judgmant to
the Christian conscience' and Christian justice
of Englishmen. I say of Englishmen, be-
cause the hearts and consciences of Irishmen are
wounded and indignant
.at this violation of every
instinct of their faith.
But perhaps we shall be told that Rome is the
capital of Italy. 'lbis is the true issue.

We deny it. Rome is not the capital of Italy.
It is the capital of Christendom ; God has so made
it, and man cannot unmake it ; and all Christian
nations have a right is it. Italy has its share in
Rome as France has, and all other Catholic people ;
and neither less nor more. Bat Rome is in Italy,

and Italians speak one tongue. Geography and
language create no rights. If it were so Canada
would justly be annexed to the United States.

North America, " ono and united," would not be
4, made" till it had incorporated Canada in its
national unity of language and geography. Spain
may say the same of Gibraltar, Italy of Malta, and
other races of India in their several limits of terri-

tory and language. To this pretentious theory of
nationalism, we answer that it is a denial of all

true national and international justice, and the
source of schism in religion, and a revolution in
politics. Until the schism of the 16th century shat-
tered the unity of Christian Europe this theory of
division was never known. A higher unity and a
higher law bound together the nations of the Chris-
tian world, and consecrated the authority o► States,
while it protected the liberties and rights of the
people. As Christians, and as Catholics, we require
to break up the unity of Christen lorn for the unity

of Italy, and to sacrifice the Christian and superna-
tural order of the world to the "national aspirations"
of any people.
For the last thirty years the doctrine of na-
tionalities and non-intervention has been presented
with a subtilty—a confidence which has seduced

many and stunned more. Alan have bean afraid of

raising their heads against the claim of a nation's
right to make revolutions. The doctrine which the

Protestant Reformation used as a wedge to split off

nations from the unity of the Church has been

since applied as the lever to overturn thrones, and
to destroy international rights. It is now put for-
ward to overturn the Holy Sae. It is assumed

,hat the highest and ultimate unity on earth is the

unity of anation—that each nation may instal
itself both in religion and:polities at will, and that

non-intervention is a r eciprocal
,and universal duty
of all nations to each ocher. Against this system
of national suprencacy, anti-Christian and immoral,
we protest in the name of Christendom. There is

an unity higher than the unity of any nation, in
which-the welfare of all nations is bound up—the
unity of the Christian world. The maintenance of
the unity, in its head and centre, its order and laws

of national justice and co-operation, is the highest
interest of all nations, and the guarantee of their

4eniprooal duties and right& England isolated itself
'rom the Christian world in religion Ore° hun-

dred years ago, and it 3 present attitude of politieLtl
isolatiOn ino,vitabld4 rt.mia in like manner is

cut off from Europe by its schism, nil Its flohistn
dictator in policy. Prussia is still half united to
ttio dAtbolid World. The other nations of Europe
are, for the most part, or altogencr, members of

,he Catholic unity. It is not paible for any one

of them to claim the Ras3ian oelish exemption
from national rdVonoibility to a higher unity with-
out removing their Catholic character, This, in an

evil hour, Italy has been lured, taunted, tempted

to do. And in an evil hour it has listened. It has

claimed the capital of Christendom by a vote of its
Parliament as the capital of Italy. But the Catholic
world will not submit to this usurpation, and

France, not as France, but as the mandatory of
the Catholic Powers, has defeated, and will defeat,
the usurpation, and proteot the centre of Catholic

unity and the Head of the Catholic world. This is

our answer. The unity of Christendom will not
make way for the unity of Italy.

:ervention.

and noble act.

It was for this cum these brave men MI.
And yet it was not against the Monarchy of Italy
hey fought. They were face to face with an auti-

Christian horde whioh the Xing of Italy disowned,

Some ten thousand men of all parts of Italy, and of
many other countries, armed and organised, with-
out authority of public law, and in direct vio-
lation of the same, invaded the States of the Church.
They made a private war in the name of the Red Re-
volution. This horde was led by the man who in 1848
stained Rome with innocent blood, and the other day
demanded the overthrow of the Christian religion as
essential to the welfare of the world ! They were on
their way to Rome to &throne not only the Pontiff
alone, but Jesus Christ. God his not permitted
the outrage to be perpetrated. What Lepanto was
to Mahotnetanism, Montana is to the Revolution.
While we were praying clay by day, in the Holy -
Mass, and before the most Holy Sacrament, while
in Rome households were saying at the first hour of
night the Litany of our Blessed Mother, with an in-
vocation of St. Peter and St. Paull for the protec-
tion of Rome, the head of the revolution, av:th its
leader in all hi 3 prestige, w..►s crushed and swept off
the Patrimony of the Church by a blow; so sudden
and so complete that not a vestige, except the dead,
wounded,and arms of the invaders remains upon the
field. Men will read this event differently. Some will
see in it no more than a battle and a victory. We
see in it also an answer to prayer, and an act of the
power of God. It has once more saved the Ilead
and Centre of Christianity from sacrilege and de-
secration ; and they who gave their lives in the
defence of Christianity may be numbered with the

martyrs.
I have said that they did not fall before the Italian
Monarchy. But there are depths in these events
which I cannot fathom. The. armies of the King
of Italy did not disarm or hinder the -invaders.
They were bound to do it, but did not. They en-
tered the Roman State in the rear of the revolution,
and stood awaiting its success. I know not how to
characterise their conduct, but I know how it would
have been characterised in England if the armies
of the United States had not repressel the
armed bands which from their frontier a year
ago threatened Canada ; still more if they had
advanced in the rear of the marauders to hold
for the American Union what might be successfully
seized by force. Such a course would not be ignoble
because Great Britain is strong, nor is it noble
because the Pope is weak. Neither are the " na-
tional aspirations " of Italy for Rome more legiti-
mate than the national aspirations of the Union for
Quebec. Italy has no more claim on Rome than
on Dresden or Paris. Rome is protected by as
sacred a right of sovereignty against the usurpation
and ambition of Italy as Vienna or Madrid. Sove-
reigns do not lose their rights because they are in
the neighbourhood of stronger powers. If proximity
and geography and the unity of language constitute
a right of absorption for the greater powers to ab-
sorb the weaker then Brussels may be lawfully
annexed by France, and Amsterdam by Germany.
We have loudly aided and encouraged Italy in their
usurping policy. We have lavished upon it " the
moral support" of leading articles, and we shall
reap the fruit of our labour.

It is a strange simplicity which pretends to won.
der why France should even have made a Conven

tion when it withdrew its protection from the Holy
See ; and why it should have surrounded it with " a
moral cordon," reserving to itself the right of in-

It did so because the Holy See is to France and
to the Catholic world a centre in which they have
supreme and vital rights; and it placed the security
of the Holy See on the same basis which protects our
persons and properties from robbery an d violence—the
justice and conscience of Christian men, the public
law of Christendom, backed by a supreme power,
which " bears not the sword in vain."

I have no doubt that they who counsel to Italy

moderation " for the present," and hold out the
hope of Rome in reversion when Pius IX. goes to
his rest, sincerely believe the mselves to be wise and
equitable men.
But it is well for them to know that the Ca-
tholic wort], neither now nor hereafterneither at
the decease of Pius IX., nor yet at any time—will

yield one shadow of the inalienable right of the
Sovereign Pontiffs to the capital of Christendom ;
neither will it for a moment suffer the denial of its
own supreme right and duty to intervene for the
protection of the Holy See. The moral cordon of
justice and order will be always drawn around it;
and the right of execution will never depart from
the Catholic world. In the days of Pius, IX. it is

France alone which has executed the will of Chris-
tendom ; in the days of his successor it may be a
league of Catholic Powers, and the force of 200
million concentrated and brought to bear by some
future organisation which shall give expression and
effect to its will.

For twenty years the anti-Christian seditious of

all the world have aimed at the overthrow of Rome,
at the destruction of the Temporal Power first, of
the Spiritual Power afterwards. They hate the
Temporal Power much, but they hate the Spiritual
Power more. They think that if it were possible
to destroy the Temporal Power, the Pontiffs would
be either persecuted or subject. A Pope subject to a
Royal Supremacy would reduce the Spiritual Supre-
macy to absurdity ; and derision would be keener

and more deadly than persecution. For this end,
therefore, all the spirits of anti-Christian revolution

have united against Rome. They have poisoned
the public opinion of Europe against it by lying, or
by truths perverted, which are Vie worst of lies.
They have misled and influenced Governments,
stirred up popular bigotry, painted the Govern-
ment of Rome in the foulest and falsest col ours,
organised in secret a Propaganda of sedition to

disgust, alienate, awl goad on the subjects of the
Holy See to discontent and to rebellion. Finally,
when the people of R 0312 would not reb3l, nor ac-
cept them as deliverers, nor take the baits of sedi-

tion, the revolutionary hordes of all countries
entered the Roman State in arms. It was at once
proclaimed as the rising and insurrection of the
Roman State. Foreign invasion played the part of
domestic insurrection. Every act to seduce or to
compel the peaceful population to rise has been
used. Provisional Governments, Plebiscites, Pro-
clamations, conspiracies in Rome, Orsini bombs,
gunpowder plots were tried, but all in vain. In
the end, moved by a just iuclignaion, delayed
only too long through Christian endurance, the
soldiers and protectors of the holy See crushcd

and scattered the lawless bands of the revolution.

It was a just and noble act for the Catholics of all
countries to sweep the seditions, conspiracies,. and

armed 'outrages of foreign invaders out of the Patri-
mony of the Church. If the unbelievers :of other

countries, bandod in secret societies, hate a right
to plot the overthrow of the Sovereign Pontiff, the
faithfal.of other nations have likewise a jostttani

perfeCtlighe, in open and lawful array, to defend
his person and throne. If the revolution. invaded
his State, the Catholics would have a right to turn
it out. Foreign rebels may justly be destroyed by
foreign troop 3. But yet no Catholic power -is
foreign in Rome. Every Catholic has a right in
the Holy Sae, and in the city where God has placed
it. The theory of non-intervention has no applica-
tion in their case. Non-intervention may be a po-
licy of the natural order, and must be confined to
the sphere of politics, and to the mutual respect •of
civil Governments. It is a mere deceit in.order to

mask the question when applie 1 to Rome. N o
Catholic Power can proclaim the policy of non-
intervention when the Vicar of Christ and the Head
of the Catholic Church is threatened. To do so
would be to renouace the Catholic eizaracter and
name. Protestant or schismatical Governments
may Perhaps proclaim non-intervention as their
policy, because they have forfeited their rights in
Rome. They may also in their theories divide the
Temporal from the Spiritual Power of the Pon-
tiffs. But all Catholics know these things

to be providentially united for the free
and peaceful exercise of the mission of the
Church am3ng the nations of the world. The in-
tervention of the French people to defend the per-

son and authority of Pius lii. against external
violence from whatsoever nation, race, or Govern-

meat it may come, would be by all the prescription
of Christian international law, an honourable, just,

How much more when France has

intervened against a lawless aud immoral baud of
invaders, rebels to their own Government, and
disturbers of the peace of the Christiau,world ? By
their act which is only one more in the traditional