The Sun.
London, England, 1867-07-22 00:00:00

the present terminus of the Pacific Railroad
(Eastern Division). The Secretary of War has
thought it right to issue to the workmen engaged
on the road 1,000 breech-loading arms and 500,000
cartridges with which to defend themselves. En-
gineer Riley's camp at Wilson's Creek was also at-
tacked, and several men were killed and wounded.
There was a report, on which little reliance was
placed, at Fort llacker, Kansan, that a large force
of Indians had surrounded a small body of cavalry
under General Custer, and killed the whole party.
The Colorado Volunteers, notwithstanding the pro-
mises of reward for fresh scalps with the cars on,
are disbanding, as Uncle Sam neither supplies horses
nor gives any promise of pay. A few scalping
scouts arc still out ; but there will not be any
great pull on the Treasury of Central City,
as they have got but one scalp. The Indian agent,
Colonel Patricks, is acting shepherd to 11,000 of
these red sheep belonging to different flocks, whom
he has penned near the South Platte. lie hopes for
more of those who promise to remain quiet
during the hostilities. He may find that his lambs
arc veritable wolves, the more dangerous the greater
their number. A despatch is published from General
Sherman to General Hancock, proposing to clear
the broad belt between the Platte and the Arkansas
rivers, and then to move in force against the hostile
tribes beyond. The U.S. Cavalry is now fairly out
on the war path, and, however difficult, unprofit-
able, and disagreeable may be the service, it is neces-
sary to make the savages feel how strong the white
men are to chastise when once their wrath is fairly
aroused.

On Thursday, the 2d instant, the ironclad ram
Dunderbery sailed from New York for Cherbourg,
under the French flag. She carried a large party of
gentlemen down the bay, who expressed the opinion
that she was the most formidable man-of-war afloat,
and that it was a mistake of the Government in
allowing her to fall into.the possession of foreigners.
Two days afterwards she returned in a leaky con-
dition, having got as far as Five Island. The
Japanese succeeded in obtaining compensation for
the man-of-warpalmed off on them ; but the French,
who are supposed to be well able to take care of
themselves, bought the Dunderberg with their eyes
open, and unless the builder has to deliver her in
French water and cannot float her across the
Atlantic, they will become the happy possessors of
the most formidable ironclad.

The trial of Surratt drags on its weary length,
uncoiling more of its wriggles, and showing still
more plainly in the prisoner the snake in the grass.
Mr. Weichtnan, after a great deal of badgering by
Surratt's counsel, came out with a remark of Miss
Surratt's on the day after the assassination, that the
murder of Lincoln was no more than the death of a
nigger in the army. The prisoner had proceeded
by the Peruvian from Quebec to Europe in the
autumn of 1865. Of this ship Dr. APMillan was
the surgeon. A Roman Catholic priest was in
charge of Surratt iii the boat by which the Peru-
vian's passengers went down the St. Lawrence from
Montreal. At sea M'Carty, Surratt's alias, moved
freely about, and had many conversations with the
surgeon. He boasted of the large amount of Con-
federate secret service money he had had in his
possession—of his trips to Richmond—while he
hinted that he could make the doctor stare if he
informed him of something he had done. He knew
that if he ever returned to America that he would
swing—that he intended to kill any man who should
attempt to arrest him, and signified his desire to do
for Johnson what he had done in the case of Lincoln.
He told a little story, which is Said, whether true or
false, to have had a bad effect on the jury, and is
not likely to enlist public sympathy in his favour.
On one occasion, on going to Richmond with four
or five others, he met several half-starved Yankees
escaping from Southern prisons, and helped to kill
them. During the cross-examination Dr. McMillan
seems to have been worried into the use of very un-
Parliamentary language by Mr. Merrick, one of
Surratt's counsel. While in the witness-box he
stated that his language was that of a coward and
a sneak. Dr. APMillan alleged that Surratt came
on board the steamer in disguise, describing the
manner in which lie was secreted in Canada and the
means taken to prevent his discovery by any detec-
tive before starting. On the way to the steamer
General Ripley, of South Carolina, and Beverley
Tucker conversed with the prisoner, and, accord-
ing to the witness, Surratt said he had received large
sums of money from Mr. Benjamin, the Confederate
Secretary of State. The most singular assertion
in Dr. APAlillan's testimony is that on arriving at
Liverpool he made affidavits to these statements of
Surratt, but there is no evidence that the Consul
moved in the matter. We suppose the affidavit
could not have reached the Consul, for he could
scarcely have remained silent in the face of what
Dr. APMillan states, that Surratt had actually dis-
closed to him his true name. Henry Benjamin
St. Marie was also examined. He recognised
Surratt in the Papal Zouaves in April, 1866.
In several conversations Surratt acknowledged
to him his part in the assassination plot, in which he
stated that, on the night of the assassination, he
hastened back to Canada from Washington. A
little incident occurred after the court closed on
Tuesday, 2d June. Mr. Bradley, Surratt's counsel,
met Judge Fisher in the hall, when a dispute arose
as to the ruling of the judge. Both seem to have
warmed up, and Judge Fisher, notwithstanding his
illness, appeared ready for a fisticuff with the two Brad-
oined the elderas the
blows. The Mar-
matter in a manner
slf ehr yaa syl „
,hvh
oae
Ns\y,
,po
vua
esnrsg, ent rog bo
took
or
action
hem: r
owl
ni
oa
iry
ndi ns
to
ej
that woul 1 have petrified an English judge with
astonishment. It was not the counsel but the judge
that was locked up, being turned loose into his own
room till he cooled off. Judge Fisher's illness has
short sittings. The
,wnenceeassrliytafitinnisghed,
and its tendency
dperloasyecedutitohne
is to settle all disputed points, throwing a strong
light on the dark plot of which President Lincoln was
the victim. Notwithstanding Gen. Butler, it is now
seen that Mrs. Surratt took a
conspicuous
part
in the murder, and has very properly met a felon's
death. The prisoner, who had maintained a stoical
indifference till Wednesday, the 3rd, then exhibited
signs of anxiety and fear, especially while Wood,
the coloured barber of the Ebbitt House, was on
the stand. This evidence we give elsewhere. The
defence will require two weeks to examine
witnesses.
' They hope to prove three th' inos—an alibi that
York,
Surratt was in Elmira, New on the assassina-
tion day ; that the plot was for the abduction of the
President only ; and the
worthless character of the
witnesses for the prosecution.
By the advices of
the Russia we learn that the defence commenced on
Monday, the Bth i t
ns and that the examination of
the witnesses was directed to establish the bad cha-
racter of the chief
evidence for the prosecution.
With reference to the trial, the Russia brings an-
other piece of news, " The house of Representa-
tives has appointed
a committee to investigate
the Lincoln assassination
conspiracy with power to
pardon the witnesses turning State evidence."

COMMERCIAL.
NEW YORK, July C.

gold during the week of the
Although the Government has disbursed $10,000,000 in
market maintains its upward tendency, and closed on
Wednesday last at 134. $19,000,000 new due, yet the
Foreign exchange is dun
in at 110 to 1101. Business im-
proves view of the excellent harvest now being reaped,
and it is thought will increase towards the fall. The
foreign demand is not strong, the exports on Saturday
being only $926,987,
and on Wednesday $213,111, while
the receipts from California amounted to $1,138,165, which
balances as closely as possible the imports and experts
of the precious metals. Though the Treasury pub-
lishes no monthly account for June, as the pressure on,
the clerks who are working up the fiscal year, which has
just closed, prevents this, yet it is understood that the
accounts for the mouth of Juno aro satisfactory. Some
interesting facts have come out in a semi-official way. The
Treasury receipts for June are about $13,500,000 from
Customs, and from internal revenue $20,400,000, giving an
increase over May of $3,500,000, and a decrease for the
corresponding month in 1866 of $400,000. The total re-
ceipts up to Juno 30 from this source are $265,853,194,
while for the year before they amounted to $305,864,182,
making a decrease of $4O 000' 000 in round numbers. It is said
the decrease in the debt amountwill to $150,000,000, making
in the aggregate since the tide turned at the end of July,
1865, at which time it was at its maximum of $257,253,000.
The gold bearing stocks by moans of the conversion of
the currency debt have increased $420,000,000, which
will be a profitable transaction to the Government if gold
dis-
position to invest. There is no inducement to send money
ever approaches par. Capital is abundant, with little

to your side in the face of a falling market and an over-
whelmingly abr.ndant supply. So long as sor 6 per cent.
can be obtained hero merchants will not remit to Europe
to meet accounts until the last moment, as there is no
means whatever of employing money there. People
anticipate more activity soon when we get well into
the harvest, and they prefer to leave their money idle till
it can be then well employed. Tho half year ending June
30 does not show so groat a decrease in American com-
merce as crokers prognosticated. The total falling off in the
imports is some 71 per cent. It is a heavier decrease at
New York, amounting to 12 per cent., but this has been
lessened by an increase of business on the Pacific coast,
in the Southern ports, and along the frontiers of
Canada. It is satisfactory to know this, especially
as the season has been unusually dull, and to
listen to some people it might have been supposed
that the country was going headlong to destruction.
There is more business in the Stock Market, and specula-
tion gives signs of greater activity. Tho dividends pro-
claimed on the railroads aro 4 per cent. on the Paterson
and Hudson, 21 on the Paterson and Ramapo, and 5 on
the Philadelphia and Reading. Erie Railroad has ad-
vanced. General Baxter, it is said, will succeed President
Keep in the Now York Central next December. Thurs-
day—our glorious " Fourth"—was, of course, a holiday,
and business ceased early on Wednesday afternoon,
to give all the best possible chance of enjoying it.
The following are last Wednesday evening's prices:—
Gold 1381, United States Five-Twenties (1862) 1071 to
1101, (1864) 1071, (1865) 1071, (1865, New Issue) 1061,
United States Ten-Forties 1001, United States 7 3-10 Loan
1061, New York Central Railroad 105, Erie 68, Erie pre-
ferred 1211, Hudson River 1101, Reading 1091, Michigan
Central 1011, Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana
76}, Illinois Central 1211, Cleveland and Pittsburg 861,
Cleveland and Toledo 1211, Chicago and North-western
46, Chicago and North-western Preferred 621 Pittsburg,
Fort Wayne, and Chicago 1001, Chicago, Rock Island, and
Pacific 97}, Ohio and Mississippi Certificates 261, Western
Union Telegraph Company 451, Pacific Mail Steamship
Company 1481, Atlantic Mail Steamship Company 1081
Cumberland Coal Company Preferred 371, Canton Com-
pany 47, Quicksilver Mining Company 231, Mariposa Mining
Company 91, Boston Water Power Company 231.

(From Messrs. Bowles, Brevet, and Co.'s Circular.)
Paris, July 19, 1867.
_ _

There has been but little animation upon tho Bourse
during the past week, and prices have generally shown a
tendency to decline.

In Americans to the above has been added the advance
in gold to 140 reported from New York, and we have to
report lower figures, the Bonds of 1862 selling, at date of
our last circular, at 83, being to-day dull at 82 7-16.
_

The difference in value between this issue and that of
1865, lately 2.1, is now but 11, the latter selling at 801$.

The Rente closes at
The Italian closes at 49 55
Exchange on London 25 171

(From E. F. Satterthwaite and Co.'s Weekly Circular, July 10.)

London, July 17th, 1867.

the China, wo have advicos from Now York to tho
2d instant; they report increased ease in tho money
market, as much as was needed being obtainable on Go-
vernment securities at five per cent., and on other cella-
torals at six per cent. This abundance had considerably
increased the demand, not only for the public funds,
but for many of the leading railway stocks. In the
latter, Michigan Central and Erie were in especial
request, with a view to carry the approaching election
of directors. Erie showed an advance of $6, and Michigan
Central $2. Chicago and North-Western stock was also
much inquired for on the prospect of an unusually abun-
dant harvest ; the improvement amounted to $7 on the
commor, and $5 on the preferred stock. State stocks were
well supported, the quotation of many of them being
slightly above the previous week, when the amount of
coupon paid is taken into account.

The following is from the .Neto York Tribune of the
3d inst. :

"It is becoming generally understood that a fresh effort
will be made this summer to oust the present direction of
the Erie. It is argued that management as good as that
which has raised the Harlem from the position of a
worthless fancy to that of a sound dividend-paying stock,
worth a premium in the market, would render Erie valu-
able as an investment. And it is felt that so great an
enterprise as the Erie deserves to be in better hands than
those of stock gamblers. The opposition last year would
have succeeded in electing their own men had not a com-
promise been effected at the last moment. This year, we
understand, the party which aims at obtaining control of
the road will be satisfied with nothing short of an entire
change of direction and the inauguration of a now and
economical system of management."
Wo h No to report a fair amount of business iu American
securities on the London market since our last, though
United States 5-20 Bonds of the first issue have been de-
pressed by the increased premium on gold reported from
New York; they close 721 to /. The 1865 issue have been
in more request, and the price approximates morn nearly
to 1862'5; the difference which at one time was three per
cent., being now only 11. Illinois Shares aro steady at
76-i to 771 ex dividend; the quotationis about the equiva-
lent of the price of this day week cum dividend.

Eries have been largely taken for shipment to New York
with a view to control the approaching election of direc-
tors ; they have risen during the week to 46 to 47, and are
scarce for immediate delivery, as much gpi being paid for
the loan of the shares on the recent settlement.

The decrease of traffic on the Atlantic and Great Western,
and the absence of any report from the Committee of In-
vestigation, have induced some sales, and the different
classes of securities close very flat, the Debentures being
28 to 30, and the Consolidated Mortgage Bonds 21} to
22k. _
___

Virginia Six per Cents. are now dealt in ox Ist July and
overdue coupons; they leave off 331 to 34/.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

The continuation of fine weather last week is
much in favour of the coming harvest, and satis-
factory reports arrive from all parts of the United
Kingdom respecting the crops, which has imparted
a considerable degree of heaviness to the grain
trade in Mark-lane, There are now great hopes
that the present harvest will turn out fair average
crops,
which will bring down the price of provi-
sions. Increased savings will be the result to the
working classes, and to those families who live
on small incomes. With a good harvest, and the
large amount of unemployed capital in all the
banks, we may expect an improvement in trade
this autumn, and greater activity in Stock Ex-
change securities. The real condition of most of
the public companies is getting every day better
known, and they will be more accurately appre-
ciated when the current balance-sheets of the half-
year are published. A more perfect knowledge of
the true state of each company will make share-
holders less anxious to part with their shares,
which, in some cases, at present prices, are
paying more than six per cent., until such time as
prices reach that figure, which will represent more
faithfully their intrinsic value, taking into consi-
deration the greater or less risk of the concern, or
the credit of the country to which they may be-
long. A considerable rise will, no doubt, take
place in all public companies that are able to pay
bona fide dividends.

If foreign stocks are neglected, it is on account
of the fear of new loans beinc, brought out. Al-
though Europe is at :peace, Governments are un-
able to balance.their budgets. Each year supple-
mentary credits have to be met, and there is no
prospect, at present, that measures will be taken
to reduce the large standing armies which the late
events in Germany and Italy have called forth.
Moreover, almost every country is in want of more
capital for public works; their railway system
requires extension. In Portugal a loan is required
to meet railway engagements, and the Brazilian
Government will be in want of more capital for
their railway system, and the war in Paraguay,
which is not yet over. However, by the last
accounts, the Ministers of Finance declared that no
foreign loan was contemplated ; the exchange had
fallen to 221 to 23 pence. In France it is pro-
bable that the city of Paris will require a loan of
£2,000,000 for the new Boulevards in the Faubourg
St. Germain, but that money will be easily raised in
Paris at about four per cent.
The almost total absence of any favourable events
to influence prices, or check the disposition of the
public to regard the prospect of all securities with
despondency, is further illustrated by the recent
quotations for Italian stock. A month or two
back some ground for anxiety was thought to exist
as to the tone that might be taken on matters of
public faith by a certain section of the Italian Par-
liament, while there was a conflict of opinion in
relation to the Ministerial scheme for raising, by
means of the alienation of ecclesiastical properties,
the large amount necessary to place the finances of
the kingdom in a sound position. According to the
last advices every effort has been made to restore
confidence and remove that position of doubt as to
good faith. Signor Rattazzi has intimated that the
Government had resolved not only to raise the full
contemplated sum of £24,000,000, but also to im-
pose any new taxes that may be necessary to satisfy
Euiope that they are resolved to meet their
obligations. Those declarations are announced to
have been received with a degree of unanimity

that indicates the cordial desire of the Parliament
to uphold the national credit ; but what can be
expected from the immorality of confiscating the
Church property, the patrimony of the poor ?
Every country that has had recourse to that revo
lutionary measure has never restored credit by
that means ; on the contrary, it weakens every title
of prosperity in the country. Also, the Italian 5
per Cents., which were nearly at 54 at the begin-
ning of last month, when uncertainties were at
their height, range now between 48 and 49, and
the political and financial situation is looked upon
with the greatest mistrust.
The 2,237 bonds, amounting to £70,300, of the
Viceroy of Egypt's loan for £3,387,300 of the year
1865, to be paid at par, are in due course of pay-
ment. The drawings take place twice a year, in
April and November, and the entire loan will be
paid off in fifteen years from the date of issue. This
loan is secured by a mortgage upon land, taken at
£lO an acre. When it is considered that the returns
from the estate are said to be more than sufficient
to pay both interest, at 7 per cent., and sinking
fund, it is surprising that the price of the stock is
not better quoted in the market, the present price
being about 68 ex dividend. No other loan in the
market has the privilege of being secured upon
mortgage property. But the Viceroy will be in
want of more money to pay off existing obligations.
The prospect of a new loan, in the present state of
the money market, no doubt, prevents that confi-
dence which the resources of that country would
otherwise command. Letters from Vienna, dated
July the sth, state that since the partial opening of
the Suez Canal an arrangement has been made
between the Sudbahn, the Nordbahn, and the Rus-
sian railroad authorities, for a direct communication
between St. Petersburg and Trieste. A ton of Indian
or Levantine goods will be conveyed, according to
this arrangement, from Trieste to St. Petersburg
for 130 francs. Fifty thousand hundredweight of
oil has already been transmitted in accordance with
this agreement, which would otherwise have been
sent by sea. The Suez Canal Company has also
established an agency in Vienna for the transit
trade. Signor Rattazzi is expected to visit Paris at
the end of the present month to arrange for the
loan of £24,000,000 on the Church properties ;
which, it is believed, is to be raised by redeemable
bonds, and not, as first contemplated, in the form
of Rentes. But is the Italian Government in a
position to offer the Church property as a mort-
gage ? And what confidence can such a confisca-
tion give to capitalists ?
A telegram from St. Petersburg reports that the
Nicolai Railway has been sold. The purchase-
money will be raised by the issue of 600,000 obli-
gations, of 125 silver roubles each, bearing 4 per
cent, interest, and repayable in eighty-four years.
The issue price will be 611 per cent. It is under-
stood that arrangements have been entered into for
this loan at Paris, with Messrs. Bearings, Hope,
and Hottinger, and that the subscriptions in that
capital are to be opened by the Comptoir and
Escompte. At present, however, the tone of the
Bourse, and of a number of the principal financial
operators, is unfavourable to its introduction. The
Portuguese Government is said to have lately ob-
tained at Paris a temporary loan of £300,000, at
the rate of 12 per cent., and it is added that nego-
tiations were in progress for a further amount, but
have been stopped by the publication of the facts
regarding the South-Eastern Railway of Portugal.
—Westnzinster Gazette.

Juarez's Plea for Maximilian's Execution.

The report of ESCOBEDO announcing the execu-
tion of MAXIMILIAN has at last reached this country.
The EMPEROR, with MIRAMON and MEJIA, were
condemned on the night of the 14th June ; the
sentence confirmed at head-quarters on the 15th,
the 16th being named as the day for execution. It
appears that JUAREZ suspended the order until the
19th, when at 7 o'clock a.m. the three were shot.
MAXIMILIAN was shot face to the front ; his last
words were " NOT CARLOTTA 1" MIRAMON and
MEJIA were reduced from their rank, and shot in
the back. Mexicans are jubilant, and foreigners
are horror-stricken. If the world cared for MeLi-
cans they would be more horror-stricken at the fate
before the country than even at the murder of MAXI-
MILIAN. They would view the general rejoicing as
a sober and staid man views the orgies of the most
abandoned wretches in the last stages of drunken-
ness and sensuality. The sight excites disgust ; the
feelings are those of pity for the miserable creatures,
and while contact with such wretches isshunned, the
heart bleeds to see the self-imposed degradation of
humanity. The Prussian and British Ministers
visited JUAREZ at San Luis Potosi, to arrest, if pos-
sible, the execution of the sentence, but in vain. They
went back to Queretaro, to take formal leave of
Mexico on the execution of the Prince. On his
return Baron MAGNAS, the Prussian Minister,
addressed another communication to JUAREZ, urging
that the prisoners condemned on the 14th had un-
dergone the horrors of death, having waited an hour
to be taken to the place of execution before informed
of the respite. He pledged his own Sovereign, the
Archduke's brother the Emperor of AUSTRIA, as
well as the Prince's cousin the QUEEN of the British
Dominions, his brother-in-law, the King of the
BELGIANS, his cousin, the Queen of SPAIN, the
Kings of ITALY and of SWEDEN, that none of the
prisoners should again tread on Mexican- soil, if
banished. To this he received a cold reply—that
the President of the Republic did not consider it
consistent with the future peace of the country to
grant the pardon of MAximILIAN.

There is no cause, however detestable, that will
not find apologists ; aye, and apologists who
honestly believe in the views they express. Thus
men of known good repute have come forward to
justify the Sheffield outrages. We need not, there-
fore, be surprised that this disgraceful transaction,
which has covered with infamy the leaders of the
Mexican Republic (that is, if there remained a spot
of respectability on the hide of any one of them to
be so covered), has found its apologists. There are
people so infatuated, so wedded to names and
colours, that they cease to judge of events by the
broad standards of right and wrong. Because
these detestable brigands call themselves Liberals,
therefore they are to find supporters in the
advocates in America and England, of the noble
cause they disgrace ! We are wrong in say-
ing they disgrace the cause ; they have no more
right to assume the name than any pads that
rob on the highways. The pleas used in justifica-
tion of JUAREZ are two—first, that MAXIMILIAN
was a Fillibuster; second, that he issued an order un-
der which many Mexican defenders of their country
were shot, as he was shot.
October 3, 1863, a Mexican deputation was
received at Miramar, when an address was pre-
sented to MAXIMILIAN, offering him the throne
of Mexico. His reply was " Although the
task of assuring the independence and wellbeing,
of Mexico by means of durable and free in-
stitutions is a very noble one, still I must
acknowledge that the monarchy cannot be restored
on legitimate and lasting foundations unless the
whole nation of its own free will, ratifies the wish of
the capital. Therefore I must make my acceptance
of the throne which is offered to me depend, first,
on the result of the vote of the entire country.
Should the assurances of a well-grounded security
in the future be obtained, and should the universal
choice of the noble Mexican people fall upon me, I
shall be ready to accept the throne." It was not
till the 10th April, 1864, that MAXIMILIAN, assured
that his call to the throne was by the voice of the
people, accepted the offer.; It was distinctly
intimated Ly him that it would be necessary
to employ foreign soldiers to give a perma-
nence and stability to his Government, until
Mexico could recover from the horrible state
of disorganisation, and consequent prostration,
into which the reign of brigands had plunged her.
He renounced unconditionally his share of the
family estates, amounting to two millions sterling,
and, at the same time, surrendering his right
of succession to the throne of Austria, unless
within six years he resigned the crown of Mexico.
It has never been denied that MAXIMILIAN acted
honestly and.to the best of his judgment and ability
in carrying out his pledge to redeem the country.
He was a Prince of the highest rank in Europe, tried
, and proved to bo a good Governor. He was invited