The Sun.
London, England, 1867-05-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 28, 1867.

the House with regard to any change in the counties. It
was quite clear that unless hon. gentlemen opposite were
absolutely alarmed at the course they were taking with
regard to boroughs, there could be no impropriety or dan-
ger in the proposition of the hon. member for East Surrey.
It was worth while to consider whether by keeping up a

higher figure for counties they would like to have the
question of the county franchise discussed again at no very
distant period. (Oh, oh.) There was no value prescribed
in boroughs. The man who paid a rent of £3 in boroughs,

if his rate were paid, and it was not a composition rate,
would have a vote. In the borough of East Retford, which

ran nearly to the walls of Doncaster, the agricultural
labourer paying £3, £4, or .C 5 for his house, if he paid his

rate, would hao a vote ; while the householder in Don-

caster would not have a vato unless his house was rated

at £l5, which would be about a rental of £2O. Ile put it
to the hon. gentlemen opposite whether it would notbo

bettor to accept tho lower proposition of £lO, with the
view of removing from county voters the sense of in-

equality and injustice which they might otherwise feel.

Ho was free to admit that the difference bet ween the £lO

and the £l2, which ho understood the Chancellor of the
Exchequer was willing to concede as a compromise, would

have no appreciable effect upon the condition of the re-
presentation ; he only advised the adoption of the lower
figure as offering the surest grounds for a permanent set-

tlement. • (Hear, hear.)

Mr. A. EGERTON did not suppose, whatever figure
was adopted, that agitators would relinquish the occupa-
tion ; but, although they might continue to call spirits

'rom the vasty deep, tho spirits might not come. Ho
;bought that £l2 would be a just and reasonable conces-

sion,—und if the forms of the House permitted him he

should propose that amount.
Lord GALWAY submitted that East Retford could not
be taken as a fair instance of the disparity between the

borough and county franchise, inasmuch as it contained

a large agricultural area.

Mr. PEASE would support the proposition of the hon.
member for East Surrey, because it offered the largest
measure of enfranchisement to the inhabitants of the large
unrepresented towns in his county (Durham).

Mr. PUGH said that as he had voted on a former occa-
sion for a £lO county franchise, he should not turn his
back upon it now, more especially as the Government
were proposing an unexampled extension of the borough
franchise. (Hear, hear.) In Parliament and out of Par-
liament Lord Derby and the Chancellor of the Exchequer
said they wished for no triumph over any party, but invited
the Liberal party to assist them, and it would be a gracious

concession to agrce to the proposal of the hon. member for
East Surrey. (Opposition cheers.) There was no man in
the country who did not wish to see the right hon. gentle-
_ . . . .

man the member for South Lancashire to retain the posi-

tion he was so eminently qualified to fill. (Ministerial
murmurs.) They knew that the right hon. gentleman
lost his seat for Oxford, which was punishment enough.

(Renewed murmurs.)
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER hoped there
had been no mistake as to the statement he had made at an
earlier part of the evening, when he stated that the Go-
vernment were prepared to support the amendment of the
hon. member for Kent (Sir E. Dering), and to substitute
£l2 for £l5. There is good reason for adopting that pro-
position, which is a compromise between opposite opinions,
(Hear, hear.) The hon. member (Mr. Locke King) ex-
pressed an opinion that he (the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer) would be inconsistent in opposing the proposition of
£lO, because he proposed a £lO franchise in 1859. if the
hon. member is willing to accept the coaditions under
which that was proposed, that would be another ground
for a compromise—(laughter)—but if he is not willing to
agree to them, there is no ground whatever for the taunts
which he utters. He hoped that the committee would
agree to a £l2 franchise.
Mr. GLADSTONE said the question technically before
the committee is not whether we should have a £l2 or a
£lO franchise, but whether we should have a £l5 franchise
or not. But from what the right hon. gentleman said he
assumed that the £l5 franchise is virtually negatived, and
that the question is between the two other alternatives
proposed. He agreed with the hon. member for Birming-
ham, and preferred the £lO franchise, because it affords a
greater promise of durability. He was not prepared to
accept the proposition that it does not much matter which
franchise you adopt because you will always have agita-
tion and agitators. It depends upon the judgment with
which the House adopts its measures. Discontent and
agitation may not be absolutely extinguished, but they
may be so insignificant that we may fairly overlook them.
He thought it likely that this question of Reform may re-
ceive a settlement this year, and did not think any one
would wish for a disturbance of it at a very early date.
But the unsettled part of the scheme of 1832 was the county
occupation franchise, between which and the borough
occupation franchise there was a, broad interval. Therefore
to prevent a revival of the agitation on that point, it would
be wiser if wo gave a general support to the proposition of
the hon. niemt er for East Surrey (Mr. Locke King). My
hon. friend and colleague (Mr. Egerton), in supporting a
£l2 franchise, paid us the compliment of founding himself
on the fact that such a proposal was made in our bill last
year. But it must be remembered that we took our ground
upon a £l4 rental with reference to the borough franchise
which we proposed, namely, £7 rental. If there is to be a
distinction between counties and boroughs, it should not
be less than that ; but the house has gone far bell:kr that
£7 franchise, and therefore, a considerable enlargement of
the interval between the occupation franchise in boroughs
and in ^ounties. He was, therefore, sure that it would be

wiser to accept the £lO proposal, and would support his
hon. friend if he went to a division ; but at the same time
would venture to propose to his hon. friend that he should
accept the proposal of the.right hon. gentleman, as the
difference is not such as to justify him in insisting on a
division. (Cheers.)
After a few words from Mr. NEWDEGATE,
Mr. L. KING said he would accept the proposal of the
right hon. gentleman the Chancellor of the Exchequer;
but he felt that if he had not proposed the £lO franchise,
the right hon. gentleman would not have made this con-
cession. (Laughter.)
The figure ..£l2 was then substituted for £l5.
The proviso moved by Mr.H.BAILLIE to the effect that
one-half the occupation should be in land, was briefly dis-
cussed, but withdrawn, and Mr. Kinglake's amendment
which had been referred to by the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer on going into committee was postponed.
Clause 4, as amended, was then agreed to.
As previously arranged, the committee next proceeded
to consider the 34th clause, relating to the compound house-
holder, when, by mutual consent, Mr. Hodgkinson with-
drew his amendment, on the understanding that the third
and fourth sections of the new clause proposed by the Go-
vernment should also be withdrawn. The first and second
sections, abolishing the liability of owners to be rated in
Parliamentary boroughs, and enacting that hereafter no
owner should be rated to the poor instead of an occupier
except as thereafter to be provided, and that the full rate-
able value of every dwelling-house, or other separate tene-
ment, and the full rate is the pound payable by the occu-
pier, should be entered in the rate book, were agreed to.
The third section, permitting owners to compound for
rates with the consent of the occupiers, but providing that
no compound occupier in such cases should be entitled to
a vote, was withdrawn.
The fourth section was corollary to the third, and Mr.
Ayrton moved to substitute for it a provision that where
the tenement was let to an occupier for less than a year
the owner as well as occupier should be rated ; but the
occupier's liability to pay the rate should not thereby be
affected, and iu case the occupier should not pay the rate
within two months after demand the owner should pay it.
This amendment was subjected to some debate, and
negatived without a division.
Mr. AYRTON next moved to enact, as an amendment to
the same section, that where the tenement should be wholly
let out in separate apartments or lodgings the owner_should
be rated, and the proposal was agreed to.
Several verbal amendments were subsequently intro-
duced into the new clause, which was then read from the
chair, and, amid loud cheers, ordered to stand part of the
bill.

The CHANCELLOR of the ES CREQUER announced
that in consequence of the adoption of the new clause it
became necessary to reconstruct the clause immediately
succeeding, the 35th. He had, therefore, prepared an
amended clause, and the right hon. gentleman placed it on
the table accordingly.
Progress was then reported, and the chairman obtained
leave to sit again this day at 2 o'clock.
In committee of ways and means, a vote of £1,700,000
was taken for Exchequer Bonds, and a further sum of
£14,000,000 out of the Consolidated Fund for the service
of the current year.
The Railway Companies Bill was passed through com-
mittee, as was also the Local Government Supplemental
Bill.
The Pier and Harbour Orders Confirmation Bill was
read a third time and passed.
The Masters and Workmen Bill, from the Lords, was
read a second time.
Leave was given to Mr. Secretary HARDY to bring iu
a bill for amending the law with respect to the accounts of
the receiver for the metropolitan police district and for
other purposes.
The house then adjourned.

Mr. Howe, chairman of the American committee
for assisting the Candiotes, has arrived at Athens. He has
already forwarded to Syra several hundred breech-loaders
for the insurgents. _

Count Bismarck will accompany the King of
Prussia to Paris.

[AnvEßrisEmExT.]-11olloway's Ointment and Pills.—
Rheumatic and Nervous Pains. —The chilly mornings and
evenings provoke these tortures in constitutions suscep-
tible of such maladies. Nothing affords so much relief as
Holloway's Ointment well rubbed upon the skin after re-
peated fomentations. Thousands of testimonials bear wit-
ness to the wonderful comfort obtained from the safe and
simple treatment which all can adopt. Holloway's Oint-
ment, assisted by a judicious use of the Pills, is especially
serviceable in assuaging the sufferings from cramp, and
other muscular pains, whether they be acute, chronic, ex-
ternal, or internal. It is earnestly recommended that
every sufferer from these pains should give Holloway's.ro.-
inedies a few days' trial, which will fully convince the inva-
lid that a cure will be the reward of continued persever-
ance.

Education in the United States.

We have received from the Consul at Sheffield
the speech delivered by JAMES A. GARFIELD, of
Ohio, in the House of Representatives on the Bth

June last, as Chairman of a select committee to
report on a bill for the establishment of a National

Bureau of Education. The pamphlet is of national

import, involving as it does the subject of the
greatest moment to the American people. Mr.

GARFIELD remarks with truth, that stolid ignorance,
of which there is little among the white population
of the States, is not the most dangerous enemy.
Stolid ignorance, as in Europe and among the late

slaves of the Southern States, produces merely inert

masses, moved upon and controlled by the cultivated
and intelligent aristocracy. There is no great danger
from the unenfrancliised class in Europe, where such

ignorance generally, prevails ; but the case is widely

different in the United States, where every man has a

political power for good or evil. "The alternative is
not between education and no education, but shall

the power of the citizen be directed aright towards
industry, liberty, and patriotism, or, under the
baneful influence of false theories and evil influences,
shall it lead him continually downward, and work

out anarchy and ruin both to him and to the Go-
vernment. The census of 1860 showed that there were
1,218,311 inhabitants of the United States over 21
years of age, of whom 871,418 were American born,

who could neither read nor write." Add to this a third
of a million immigrants annually, the greater por-
tion uneducated, and swell the total by four millions
of enfranchised slaves, and it will be conceded that Mr
GARFIELD was justified in urging on Congress with al

his force the necessity of imtnedi ate action. " I
the citizen be not educated," said this Representa-

tive, " in the school of virtue and integrity, he will
be educated in the school of vice and iniquity. We
are therefore afloat on the sweeping current—we
must make head against it, or we shall go down
with it to the saddest of destinies."
Mr. GARFIELD was advocating the establishment
of a department of education at Washington for
the purpose of collecting such statistics and facts
as shall show the condition and progress of educa-
tion in the several States and territories, and which,
by an annual report to Congress, might diffuse
the fullest information on school systems, which
would tend to promote the cause of education
throughout the United States. It is held in
America that would be unconstitutional to
make education compulsory. It is, we believe, ob-
ligatory in Rhode Island for every child within its
borders to attend school, and Mr. SUMNER lately
urged the introduction of a claus3 establishing a
public school system for both white and black
when the Reconstruction Bill was debated in the
House. Although Mr. GARFIELD did not urge
compulsory education, he maintained that the col-
lection of the educational statistics of each State,
published side by side with the authority of such a
bureau, would shame the States that lagged behind
into the education of their children. The four
States that have led the way in this important ob-
ject are Massachusetts, New York, Pennsyl-
vania, and Ohio. The last annual report of
the Board of Education of Massachusetts shows

that about 5,000 pupils were added to the
public schools during the year, and a thousand
more by the enforcement of the Truant Law,
an act which in itself proves that there is some
compulsion in Massachusetts also. There are
now 7,598 teachers employed in the schools of this
State, of which 6,512 are women. In spite, how-
ever, of the encouraging nature of this report an
article lately appeared in the American " Presbyterian
and Theological Review," wherein it is urged that
the public school system does not accomplish its
object, and that, as a matter of fact, the majority
leave the common schools before they have
acquired qualifications fitting them to act as
juror, referee, or school director. The Review
certainly demands a high standard from the bulk of the
people, and it is perhaps wise that it should do so,
for a more perfect goal should always be kept ahead.
But if Massachusetts falls short of the standard,
what can be said of the great mass of the States?
Mr. GARFIELD remarks on the many good things
that have been said, and the few done by the
national statesman in favour of education. "If
we inquire, what has been done by the Govern-
ments of other countries we are compelled to con-
fess with shame that every government in
Christendom has given a more intelligent and
effective support to schools than has our own."
This certainly is stronger language than the facts
justify, but the Ohio member was speaking for an
object which fairly entitled him to strain a point.
The figures he gave from the census return
in 1860 scarcely bore out his allegation. There
were then in the United States 115,224
common schools, 500,000 school officers, 150,214
teachers, and 5,477,037 scholars, thus show-
ing that more than six millions of the
people of the United States were directly engaged
in the work of education. These figures Mr.
GARFIELD had gathered with great labour from va-
rious resources, but he was satisfied that they were
far below the truth. He estimates tbat $50,000,000
have been given by private individuals for the sup-
port of schools. To 14 States and Territories Con-
gress had awarded 53 millions of acres of public
lauds for their maintenance. In the old ordinance
of 1785 it was provided, that one section of every
township-1-36th of all the public lands of the
United States should be set apart and held forever
sacred to the support of the schools of the country.
From the School Statistics, which could only be
obtained with tolerable accuracy, for 17 States of
that
the Union, it appeared $34,000,000 were
annually appropriated by their Legislatures for
this object. Notwithstanding the expenditure
of the Five Years' War, this appropriation
was maintained, and it was found in many that
more than 50 per cent. of all the tax imposed for
State purposes was for the support of these schools.
It was under such circumstances that the Represen-
tative urged the formation of the Educational Bureau,
which was carried by a vote of 80 yeas to 41 nays ;
and future members will not be compelled, as Mr.
GARFIELD was, to grope in the dark for reliable
statistics, showing the educational condition of the
whole country.
This is indeed the question of questions, for on it
hinges the whole future of the Union. History has
shown, that ignorance is the enemy to be most
dreaded by a Republic, generating those false theories
which are so effectively handled by men who trade
in politics to the detriment of the people, and as
a means of plunder and corruption.
After the above had been sent to press, we learn
that Mr. COLFAX
League Club 13- f was received by the Union
New York, at the Club House on
the 6th inst. H
e alluded pointedly in his speech
on this occasion, to Mr. SUMNER'S proposition to
make the provision
of free schools one of the con-
ditions of reconstruction, which he regretted had
not been adopted. It is to be hoped that the
Southern States will do this of their own accord,
and all the more cheerfully that it has been left to
their own action.— Anglo-American Times.

THE UNITED STATES AS REPRESENTED

IN TEE EXHIBITION.

-40.- ----

(From the Anglo-American nines.)
We propose under this head to refer to all articles
of interest presented by Americans, and shall an-
nounce the prizes so soon as the list is made perfect.
It will, no doubt, be interesting to our readers that
we should at first, give a Complete list of the United
States Commissioners who have arrived and are
now in Paris M. Beckwith, Paris ; Samuel
B. Ruggles, New York ; F. A. I'. Barnard, New
York ; Charles B. Norton, New York ; Frank
Leslie, New Yo-:k ; Paran Stevens, New York ;
Win. W. Budd, New York ; Charles Seymour,
New York ;J. P. Lesley, PennsYlv4nia T. W.
Evans, Pennsylvania ; IV. J. Valentine, Massa-
chusetts ; Cbarles R. Goodwin, Massachusetts ;
E. R. Mudge, Massachusetts ; James H. Bowen,
Illinois ; Henry d'Aligny, "Wisconsin ; William
Slade, Ohio'; 'John P. Kennedy, Maryland; J.
Lawrence Smith, Tennessee ; and -R. Rerney,
Paris. Twelve other gentlemen have been
appointed by the 'President, who have not
yet entered upon their duties ; as . they arrive
we shall ptiblish their names. addition the
commission haoi ta'ken advantage pi- the privilege

given by Government to elect twenty new members,
and several gentlemen of science and skill have been
already elected. As soon as we can secure a list of
these names we shill not fail to make them known.

An official catalogue has been published by the
Commissioner- Goneral, which from a partial exami-
nation we find to contain somewhat less than 1,000
articles, represented by about 600 exhibitors. 'We
give herewith the distribution among States as a
matter of interest :—New York, 294; Massa-
chusetts, 121 ; Pennsylvania, 59 ; Louisiana, 35 ;
California, 33 ; Illinois, 28 ;• Connecticut, 25 ;
Missouri, 20 ; New Jersey, 19 ; Ohio, 19 ; Dis-
trict of Columbia, 11 ; Maryl And, 10 ; Michigan,
11 ; Wisconsin, 10 ; lowa, 9 ; Indiana, 7 ; Maine,
8 ; Vermont, 6 ; Kansas, 5 ; Rhode Island,
1 ; Virginia, 4 ; New Hampshire, 3 ; Minnesota, 3 ;
Nevada, 3 ; Florida, 2 ; WeA Virginia, 2; Ala-
bama, 2 ; Kentucky, 2 ; Tex is, 1 ; Arkansas, 1 ;
Colorado, 1 ; Georgia, 1 ;Mississippi, 1 ; Nebraska,
1 ; Oregon, 1.
It will thus be seen that every State and territory
in the Union is represented with the exception of
North and South Carolina, Delawarre, Tennessee,
Dakota, Montano, Idaho, Washington, Arizona,
New Mexico, and Utah.

Should a second and more complete catalogue be
printed we will then make such corrections as
may be necessary. Through the personal influence
of the Hon. Samuel B. Ruggles, Vice-President of
the Commission and Chairman of the Committee
of the whole, we have been so fortunate as to se-
cure a most admirable representation of the great
mineral wealth of the north-west. The State Go-
vernments have liberally contributed to this result,
and great credit is due to State Commissioners
Reynolds of Illinois, Hoyt of Wisconsin, Usher of
Massachusetts, Butler of Missouri, and Wilstach of
Indiana, for their active labours both at home and
in Paris to insure success.

The cereals of our country have through the in-
fluence of these gentlemen been well brought for-
ward. It is to be regretted, however, that none of
our Western States, so open for immigration, should
have availed themselves of this opportunity to pre-
sent in a popular form the particular advantages to
immigrants in respect cf cost of land, climate,
cheapness of living, &c., &c.
It is in this way that the large sums expended
by our Government could be applied to practical
use and advantages. In the Paris Exhibition of
1855 the United States received in proportion to
the number of articles exhibited a larger number of
prizes than any other nation. The exhibitors were
not assisted at all by the United States, but by the
various State Commissioners organised under the
presidency of Mr. NV. J. Valentine, who personally
expended a large sum of money for the success of
our representation.
In future numbers we shall continue our remarks
upon this subject, and commence our special notices
of the various articles exhibited.

At the later meeting of the Commission the fol-
lowing members have been elected by virtue of the
last act of Congress :—Eliot C. Cowdin, New York ;
Wm. J. Flagg, Ohio; Professor Wm. B. Rogers,
Massachusetts ; Dr. Alex. Thompson, New York ;
George S. Hazard, New York ; L. T. Mellen,
Alabama; W. S. Auchincloss, New York; Pro-
fessor S. F. B. Morse, New York ; Professor John

F. Frazer, Philadelphia ; B. F. Nourse, Massachu-
setts ; and the lion. M. P. Wilder, Massachusetts.
These gentlemen, with those already in Paris, make
a total of 30, this being the number as originally
appointed by the President. Mr. Ruggles, chair-
man of the committee of the whole, has appointed
the following special commissions :-1. On new in-
ventions—Messrs. Barnard, Norton, and Valentine.
2. On the application of advanced science to the
arts—Messrs. Smith, Slade, and Seymour. ?. On
mineral and vegetable products and their connec-
tion with ocean transportation—Messrs. Ruggles,
Kennedy, and Hazard. 4. On chemistry and its
application to food and clothing—Messrs. Bowen,
Stevens, and Berney. 5. On metallurgy—Messrs.
Hewitt, J. P. Lesley, and D'Aligny. 6. On raw
materials and manufactures—Messrs. Mudge, Budd,
and Cowdin. 7. On machines—Messrs. Auchin-
gloss, and Goodwin.
By the appointment of these committees the
first active duties of the Commission are com-
menced. It is to be regretted that the appropria-
tions made by Congress are not sufficient to enable
the commissioners to prepare reports of equal value
with those of other nations, who have already at
work photographers, draughtsmen, and experts,
engaged in preparing such material as shall be of
the most practical use. With such an army of able
meu as the United States Commission is now
composed of, we may feel confident that their
report when made will be of great value; but
when it is considered that two-thirds of these gen-
tlemen doing equally their share of work with the
paid commissioners are compelled to pay for such
services as they may require, it does not place our
country in as honourable a position as we could
wish.