The Sun.
London, England, 1867-04-17 00:00:00

Commence at Seven.

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LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 17, 1867.

A very satisfactory change is perceptible in the
public health. Our severe and protracted winter,
the keen winds which followed so closely on a few
balmy and genial days of early spring, played sad
havoc with the aged, the infirm, and the very young.
No sooner does the temperature show a change for
the better than a corresponding alteration is percep-
tible in the returns of the Registrar-General. The
23d of March was cold and wintry, with falling
snow and piercing winds. The deaths rose to 1,731.
The three following weeks kept pace withtheimprove-
ment of the thermometer, and they are respectively
1,601, 1,453, and 1,372. It will thus be seen that
last week's return indicates a greatly improved con-
dition of the public health, bAng indeed less by 109
than the estimated number. The depressing effect
of severe cold has often been commented upon by

the Registrar-General in opposition to the popular
belief that extreme cold is healthy. No doubt some
degree of frost is more generally beneficial than an
unseasonably warm winter ; but we must always
expect in severe weather to see the list of deaths
rise in proportion. If every individual was in robust
health and living in favourable sanitary conditions
we might see less reason to regret the visitation of
King Frost, but so many are feeble or poorly-fed or
ill-clothed, or compelled, by the necessities of their
occupation, to undergo prolonged exposure or ex-
treme exertion, that the practical test is very diffe-
rent from the theoretical. Well-dressed, well-fed
people, hurrying from well-aired offices to comfort-
able firesides, may talk stoically of " fine seasonable
weather," when the wind is piercing through half-
clad children and feeble old age cowering by an
empty grate. Those whose employments, heal► by
enough in themselves in ordinary weather call them
continually out of doors, suffer severely from the
extremities of the season, and must no doubt include
among the unfavourable agencies of the winter the
depressed condition of trade and business generally.
With the return of spring we may hope for a better
state of affairs, and there is reason also to look for-
ward to a favourable agricultural season.
There are some points in the Registrar's return
which deserve attention, and prominent among these
are the deaths from smallpox and typhus. During
last week the deaths from these diseases were re-
spectively 45 and 50. The old prejudice against
vaccination still lingers among the poorer classes,and
we can hardly► hope to see it rooted out until we
have less ignorance to contend against. Those wbo
foster this prejudice are very much to blame, since
the fact is patent to all that smallpox has declined
with wonderful rapidity since the discovery of Dr.
JENNER, and no arguments or denunciations can
contradict it. It is difficult now to realise the
truth that, in the last century, one-eighth of the
population died of this terrible disease, though every
book and record of the time abundantly confirms
the statistics. It is a question for our social re-
formers whether further steps may not be taken to
secure the vaccination of infants who too
often suffer through life from the ignorance or
negligence of their parents.

The prevalence of typhus is another point which
demands attention. The overcrowding of our
streets and lanes, the evils attending the thronging
of our courts and byeways, are multiplying every
day. We cannot expect fever to keep aloof when
small rooms are tenanted by two or three families,
when an ordinary eight or nine-roomed house is
inhabited by 40 or 50 people. When we remember
that the water supply in such places is extremely
limited, and the drainage often deficient, we
shall only be surprised that typhus does not demand
still heavier toll. The accommodation of the labour-
ing classes in this busy metropolis is one of the most
p.Aplexing of modern puzzles, but there are
some sanitary reforms which might be carried
out without waiting for the building of model
lodging-houses or the construction of railways. The
immediate removal of a person attacked by fever
from one of these overcrowded houses is a measure
dictated alike by common sense and humanity,
yet it is very seldom attempted for want
of proper and sufficient accommodation. To
carry fever into the crowded wards of a
London Workhouse is manifestly to in-
crease rather than diminish the risk of infec-
tion, while the general mode of conveyance—street
cabs—is highly unsuitable and dangerous. Many
persons shrink from performing necessary duties,
and put themselves to great inconvenience and ex-
pense to avoid all possible risk of contagion, while
quite unawares they are often in positions of great
danger in the moit ordinary pursuits of life. No one
can guarantee that the cab which they may call in
the streets may not have just returned from
conveying a fever-stricken patient to the
hospital. Medical men have often insisted
upon the great danger and absurdity of this
practice, but until there is some regularly organised
system for the conveyance of patients to the hospi-
tals we shall have one fruitful source of danger.
The water supply, too, is a very important question,
which will, we hope, be definitely considered this
year. The cession ought not to be allowed to pass
without some measures being taken to compel land-
lords to make proper provision for the reception and
storing of water. The plan of every one in the
house rushing with tubs and bowls to catch suffi-
cient till the next day is more fitted for some out-of-
• the-way village than a great metropolis. It is no
wonder that cleanliness of every kind is at a

discount in such places.
The deaths of five persons killed by horses or
carriages were registered in the week. They in-
clude two young children, two middle-aged men,
and one old woman. Some short time since a good
deal was said about providing for the safety of
foot-passengers at our large crossings, but nothing
has as yet been effected. Accidents occurring to
children, however lamentable, must rather be at-
tributed to the negligence of their parents than to
any avoidable cause in the traffic ; but when we
find accidents s) constantly occurring to persons
in the full possession of their faculties, we may
feel sure that there is something wrong. The
dangers of London streets are increasing rather
than diminishing, and the loss of time itself
becomes in these high-pressure days a serious in-
convenience. Of course, there must be many
places where the plan of foot-bridges would be im-
practicable, but we should like to see it tried at
least at some of the grand rendezvous of traffic,
where, if it was found to answer the purpose in-
tended,
it could be easily extended to the less
frequented parts.

In his ill-judged attempt to get the Government
into difficulties, or at all events to place them at a
disadvantage, Mr. OSBORNE has contrived to en-
tangle himself and his friends in such a manner
that it takes a long time for them to extricate them-
selves. The whole affair was by no means worthy
of the importance which Mr. OSBORNE affected to
attach to it, and had it not been for the peculiar
circumstances that surrounded its recital-7-the house
being on the point of coming to a division—it
would very likely have elicited neither comment nor
inquiry. As it is, however, some of themembers of the
Opposition side of the House appeared to have made
themselves unnecessarily busy in the matter. There
was no occasion for the meddling of Mr. OsBoRNE
in the matter, and he has done himself no credit
thereby. The conversation between Colonel TAY-
LOR and Mr. DILLWYN was private, and the account
which Mr. OSBORNE gave was taken from an inac-
curate copy of 31r. DILLWYN'S note. There was no
decided plan, as he would have made the House
believe, between Colonel TAYLOR and hon. mem-
bers on the Opposition side, and still less any
engagement on the subject of Mr. HOBERT'S
amendment relating to the Compound Householders.
On the part of the Government Lord STANLEY
ccertainly disclaimed any knowledge of the matter,
which statement was received with cheers from all
parts of the House. Any one who knows anything
of Parliamentary life is perfectly well aware of the
frequent occurrence of such conversations as that
held by COL TAYLOR and Mr. DILLWYN, and there
was nothing in it to excite surprise, or give rise to
explanations. Had, Colonel TAILoz been present

on Friday he could have settled the matter in a
minute ; and it does not improve the position of
those who made such a fuss about the affair that
they did not find out that the gallant member for
Dublin could not take part in the proceedings of
the House. The extreme anxiety testified that the
House should understand the facts of the case came
very ill from those who evidently did not or
could not understand them for themselves, and
the language used by Mr. OSBORNE at the
time referred to showed very plainly the mean-
ing of the affair. Had there been a definite arrange-
ment made between any member of the Govern-
ment and members on the Opposition side it would
have been very different, but as it is Mr. OsBoRNE
has only shown his great readiness to interpose in a
very uncalled-for manner, and to show his too ready
disposition to make impertinent remarks on those
whose conduct he has not given hi►nself the time
and trouble to judge, and much the same may be
said of those who approved of his proceedings.

Count BISMARCK has already met with a decisive
check, which will be all the more mortifying on ac-
count of his former great successes, and the sudden
change is well calculated to dishearten him and to
dispirit his followers. To make bad worse, the de-
feat followed upon the urgent request of the Minis-
ter to the House that it would adopt the views of
the Government. The point at issue was the Fede-
ral military system—a very awkward subject to
debate upon, and upon which differences were very
much to be deprecated. Two amendments were
proposed, the one by Count STOLBERG, and the
other by Duke UJEST. Count BISMARCK favoured
the adoption of the former one, which proposed
that the strength of the Federal army should re-
main unaltered on a peace footing until after the
promulgation of " a common Federal code
of laws." Duke UJEST, on the other hand, de-
sired that the next five years should be looked
upon as a period of transition, and that after
that time the maintenance of the Army
on a peace-footing, should be the same as hitherto,
until after the promulgation of a code of general
laws, and that even then the expenses of the army
should be fixed by a special law, on the basis of
the existing organisation. This scheme was evi-
dently a well-considered one in every respect, and
well calculated to meet the end in view, but Count
BISMARCK made a decided stand against it, and
sought by every means in his power to circumvent
it, but all to no avail ; for the good sense of the
House triumphed over the plausible arguments and
eager solicitations of the Minister. The Count said
that this amendment would leave open the possi-
bility of a Parliamentary conflict on the subject of
the army ; and certainly his recollections on this
point cannot be very agreeable, but the question to
decide was one of national importance, and consi-
derations of expediency were very properly banished
from it. It would be better to run the risk of
having ever so fierce and ever so many conflicts be-
tween the authorities and the representatives than
to allow all prudent considerations to be sacrificed
to the idea of settling things at once and for ever.

Although Count BISMARCK refused to say if the
Government would reject the whole draught, if the
amendment of Duke UJEST were carried, the House
was not daunted, and did not swerve from its pre-
conceived notion, but adopted the proposal by a
majority of one hundred and twenty-two, which
was, indeed, a defeat of a most significant
character for BISMARCK. The amendment of Count
STOLBERG was rejected, and yet another mortifica-
tion was in store for the imperious Premier of
Prussia. He earnestly requested the house before
the decision was taken upon the amendment of the
Duke, to adopt instead a second proposition of
Count STOLBERG'S to the effect that the Govern-
ment should have the choice of the time for pro-
mulgating a common Federal Code of Laws. He
even went so far as to intimate that if this were not
agreed to the Federal Governments would not agree
to the draught, and it would very possiby happen
that the task of drawing up the constitution would
be frustrated at the last moment. Another awk-
ward episode in this sitting was the attitude assumed
by the Polish Deputies, who, after voting against
the whole draught, declared that they resigned their
seats, as their last attempt to prevent the act of
violence had failed; the said act, meaning their
incorporation in the North German Confederation.
To-day a sitting will be held to receive from the
Federal Government communications on the subject
of the amendments being adopted. At any rate dis-
union has shown itself very plainly in this attempt
to lay down laws for the regulation of united Ger-
many ; and discord seems more likely to be the
ruling spirit than harmony. Count BISMARCK is
not likely to prove a very amiable auxiliary in the
work of constructing the new constitution, now
that he has been so signally defeated on a point of
importance.

CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

The 2lloniteur has rePcAeißvlesd,
despatches
fronteni n g*
the
Havannah to the 22d March,
announcing the almost
simultaneous entry to the port of the ironclad squad-
ron commanded by Vice-Ad • miral Baron de la Ron-
ciere le Noury, and the Imperial vessel the Souvc-
rain, having on board Marshal Bazaine and his
family. These vessels
were immediately followed
by the transport Navarin, Captain Clone, who has
left the harbour of Sacrificios, after having given up
the fort of St. Jean to the Mexican authorities. The
Themis and the ships of war of the naval division of
the Antilles were also at Havannah. From the ex-
cellent arrangements made no accident whatever
occurred, notwithstanding the large number of
vessels concentrated ; no less than 16 ships of war,
carrying 200 guns, and crews amounting to 4,000
men. The bast understanding prevailed between the
French and the authorities. The Souverain put to
sea again on the 27th of March.
Proceedings are about to be taken by the Govern-
ment against the Avenir National for having given
false information of military preparations in pro-
gress at Lyons, and respecting the measures adopted
by the War Department.
On Sunday evening the Princess Mathilde gave a
splendid entertainment, at which the King of the
Belgians, Ministers, and persons of great distinction
were present.
Marshal Valliant, the Minister of the Fine Arts,
Vice-President of the International Exhibition, has
given a splendid official dinner to the members of
the Foreign Commissions and Ambassadors of
foreign countries. Lord Cowley, the English Am-
bassador, was among the guests. The hand of the
Gendarmerie of the Imperial Guard played the
National French air after dinner amidst enthusiastic
acclamations. Persons of note from almost every
country attended the evening party after dinner.

Fabrications, or at all events suppositions, still
abound upon the subject of Luxembourg. Perhaps
the most trustworthy account of the day is that the
three Great Powers, parties to the treaty of 1839,
are engaged in official communication upon this im-
portant question, and that their object is to seek a
solution of it in the first place irrespectively of
France, Prussia, and Holland. When their exami-
nation of some intricate details shall be concluded,
the Governments of England, Russia, and Austria
will make known their views to France, Prussia,
and Holland, and in concert with those Powers will
endeavour to make an amicable arrangement
which will be mutually satisfactory.
In the meantime a report gains ground that the
French btinistrT yiU make another communication