The Sun.
London, England, 1867-10-31 00:00:00

PRICE.... 4d.
STAMPED sd.

crop is unlikely to exceed 800,000 bales, which leaves
us, of course, very much at the mercy of Manchester
as to the price of the remainder. Besides, and this
is a most important consideration, the Atlantic
cable has made the great cotton ports of this coun-
try mere store-houses for Great Britain. The
spinner who breakfasts in Manchester can now
run down to Liverpool in a couple of hours, look
through the market, and, if ha discovers that he
can save an eighth of a penny a pound by so
doing, he can buy that day in New York or
Savannah, Mobile or New Orleans, Memphis, or
Galveston. The facilities of communication are so
perfect he need buy only from hand to mouth, and
consequently he can control prices the world over,
and, of course, will control them entirely in his own
interest.

The Liverpool Cotton Exchange is the grave of
many a princely fortune. Transactions there are
consummated in an open square commonly called
"the flags." The writer has often thought while
standing upon them, surrounded by the busy crowd
of factors and planters, bankers, brokers, and spin-
ners, how appropriately the stones could be used to
record the fate of merchants throughout the world
who have met ruin there. Thus, we might read in
one spot, " Beneath this slab is deposited the last
rupee of the princely Bombay merchant, Cursetjee
Merwangee Jadabhoy, who, during the American
~,...... rebellion, sought the entire cotton growth of an
Indian district, but who made the fatal mistake of
shipping.U.ll4ler instead of selling it attomaOste
beggared -a province, but gained a great name in
Britain ;" or in another, " Here lie deposited the
original bills of exchange which were=-drawn by
John Smith, of New Orleans, ufon'TaCer, Shrmem,-
and Co., of Liverpool, iu order to make the usual
advances to planters upon their shipments. Smith
gained a small commission, but T., S., and Co. failed
with a million of pounds of Smith's bills outstanding.
Stranger, go thou and avoid his error ;" or, in still
another place, " Under this stone are preserved the
original instructions which one of the greatest specu-
lators of America sent to England ordering his cotton,
sold without reserve on arrival ; had his orders been
obeyed he would have realised a splendid profit, but
they were not, and his ruin must serve as a warning
to those who come after him. His grateful cor-
respondents in this country have inscribed his stone
to his financial memory." Seriously, however,
the experience of the past few years of shippers to
England is so disastrous that it may reasonably be
doubted whether or no Manchester will not be per-
mitted for some time hereafter to send her funds to
our ports for her cotton wants instead of waiting
for us to thrust our supplies into her home markets.
This will surely be the case if men of business are
ever to profit by sad experience.
The statistical cotton year ended on the first
instant, and it will soon be known what are the
exact figures in every branch of the trade in this
country for the year 1866-67. The account will be
of vast importance to the industrial prospects of
the nation, and will be looked for with proportionate
interest.

Foreign Mail Packet List.

MAILS DUE.

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ROME IN A STATE '
The Rome correspondent of the Ege•
October .25, 7 p.m., says that the state of
stake hatbet;
just been declared. The measure bad become absolutely
necessary, for it was impossible to conceal the increased
' gravity -bfihiasituation. The troops were kept con.
tinually.on the alert by explosions of bombs, the shoot-
ing of sentinels, and other alarms. "In fact, the
' whole city is „invaded by Garibaldians. They have
' friends even' io the interior of the apostolic palace,
depots of arms and ammunition even in the cellars
of princes' palaces." The writer adds that during the
previous twenty-four hours the insurrection had bee,,rne
much more developed, and everyone was convinced that
it would break out immediately the red-shirts furnished
an occaEi, n. Ile says there is no doubt that the Gaa
dians were much better armed and organised than they
were at first. Iletween 3 and 5 p.m., four Orsini bombs
exploded in different parts of the city, and during the same
time the police made fifty arrests. At night the patrols were,
stronger than ever. It passed away without the drea,led
rising, but with the morning came fresh fears. On that
day, the 26th, the Pope visited the works which imd been
thrown open at the gates Santa Angelica and del Popolo,
and said to one of the officers in charge of them : "So
we have nothing more to fear now that our gates
are protected by fascines and surrounded by trenches ?•'
"Hob/ Father," replied the officer, "we are doing our
best to remove all danger." "Danger !" murmured the
Pone • "clanger 1 For my part I am tranquil ; but let
God's will be done r The garrison had left the centre of
tne city in order to protect those portions of the ramparts
which seemed most likely to be menaced. It was fully
expected that the Garibaldians would bo in sight that-
afternoon ; they were, at the time that the correenondeat
closed his letter, a few miles to the east.
The pro-Garibaldian correspondent of the Libertd con
firms the statements of the pro-Papal correspondent of
the Etendard. He says that the Pope had no alternative
but to proclaim a state of siege. The surrounding coun-
try was :swarming with red-shirts; inside the city the
police were powerless, and the troops were kept perpetually
on the alarm by abortive risings. The_night4ll-thea2falra-a—ess-
. aesd 2(ltirael.s WifeOr/bled one: teveral skirmishes thiele-'
place in the neighbourhood of the city, and the Garibaldians
seem to have been w, rated, since at dawn more than a
hundred of them were ( mveyed through the city to the
prison near the railway ,tati,n, and were aceempanied by
two rann's loaded with grape-shot. 150, french Belgian
volunteers arrived at Rome on the 26th, and went to mount
guard on the walls the same evening. French intervention
was looked upon with very little favour, except by C,',aa.
dinal Antonelli and the Pope, who are angry that France
will not commit herself to a permanent occupatio- of the
country. It was rumoured that Garibaldi, on ]searing of
the death of Carioli, swore that he would be innome with
his two sons before Ave Maria on the 26th,
GREAT AGITATION IN FLORENCE.
Letters from Florence, dated the 28th, concur in speak.
jog of the great agitation which then prevailed in that
city. At eleven o'clock that morning an enormous crowd
gathered between the Chamber of Deputies and the Palazzo
Riccardi, and shouted "Rome for ever I" "No interven-
tion !" "Long live Garibaldi !" They were headed by swell.
known butcher, Dolfi by name, a man six feet high and
an ultra-democrat. He led the people to the Chamber
of Deputies and demanded an interview. The deputies,
alarmed at the clamour, at first did not know what to do.
It was in vain to continue their deliberations, they could not
be heard ; they therefore 'went to the windows and bowed
to the people ; but this did not suffice. At last two
deputies, De Sanctis and Ferrari, offered themselves as a
deputation to the King, and took to Victor Emmanuel
the programme of the Florentine democrats. It was very
short : " Immediate instructions to the Italian army to
cross the frontier and to support Garibaldi. No
foreign intervention." While the deputies were absent,
the crowd, becoming more and more impatient,
was addressed by various speakers ; among them
by the Countess Chioggi, who, in a clear sopralfo
voice, made herself heard better than anyone else,
and read the address of the city of Milan, which demanded
war rather than dishonour and humiliation. " The
people," said the address, " confide the realisation of its
demand to the elect of the nation—the King. If he
fails, the people will consult how to save the country."
After a long absence the two deputies returned bearing
the following reply from the King : "1. If France
intervenes, Italy will intervene also, and her troops will
cross the frontier; "2. The Government would then
invite Garibaldi to join himself and h's volunteers to
the regular troops in order to act in concert with
them-; 3. General Menabrea will form a Ministry
during the course of the day." This last announcement
caused great dissatisfaction. The mob shouted, "Down
with Menabrea ;heis a Frenchman 1 We want Crisp',
and we will have him." Dolfi and his followers then
marched to the Royal Palace, in order to protest against
Menabrea's appointment. But they found the palace oc-
cupied.by troops, nod after spending the reat of the day
in shouting and hissing, they dispersed. The same after-
noon, according to the Rifornza, a Garibaldian paper,
Florence was virtually in a state of siege. Troops occupied
all the principal streets, and traffic was stopped.
The Naples correspondent of the Times speaks of the
intensely strong feeling which prevails in Southern Italy
with regard to the annexation of Rome. A demonstration
was made in Naples a few days ago, which was remark-
able for its orderliness and the influential character of
those who composed it. The chief spokesman was the
Duke di San Donato, and he was accompanied by the
Commandant of the National Guard and other generals,
General Durando, who is military governor of Naples,
made a speech strongly in favour of Rome as the capital
of Italy.
Colonel D'Argy, who commands the Roman (Pontifical)
Legion,writes to the Garibaldian journal Riforma, denying
indignantly the statement that he had ordered prisoners
to be shot. He says that he belongs to the bravest nation
in the world—France ; he, therefore, could not have given
such an order. Even if he had, the Holy Father would
have forbidden its execution. He says that his legion took
forty-seven prisoners at Vallecorsa, including five officers,
one of them the son of Nicotera, and helped to take 150
prisoners at Nerola. All of these are visited every day
by one of his officers, and there has been no word of com-
plaint against the treatment which the prisoners receive.
A NEW CONGRESS.
According to the Liberte, there is every probability that
the Roman question will be referred to a European Con.
gress. The proposal of the French Government to that
effect has been favourably received by the Great Powers,
who were previously sounded confidentially. The Emperor
of Austria has warmly supported the proposal, and will
probably attend the Conference in person. It is likely
that England, Prussia, and Russia will also take part in
it. The Liberte states that a telegram from London an-
nounces that the Pope has refused to be represented at
the Congress, and that it will be held without his parti-
cipation.
There seems little doubt that General La Marmora has
gone to Paris in order to obtain, if possible, the consent
of Napoleon to the entry of the Italian army into the
Papal provinces. That an effort to this effect should be
made, was one of the conditions upon which General
Menabrea consented to take office. It was at a critical
moment that the new Premier undertook his arduous
duty : how critical maybe judged from the fact that it now
seems to be abundantly confirmed that Victor Emmanuel
was on the point of abdicating.
AUSTRIA.
Mee Vienna correspondent of the Times mentions a'
curious change which has come over the Austrians since
they obtained a constitutional Government. Formerly
they used to be for ever busying themselves with foreign
politics, just because their energies were repressed at
home. Now, being free to attend to their own matters,
they have almost ceased to care for the affairs of other
nations. A similar change would, no doubt, happen in
France, if the French were allowed to discuss their
domestic concerns—a charm which would greatly tend to
she peace of Euroase-

&ligroin/. and New Zealand, via Southampton Nov. 19.
Ditto, via Marseilles ..... ....N ay. 13.

Ditto, via Panama • • . ...Nov. 2S.
Brazil, Buonoa Akyrem, and nonte Vldr.!o ....... ...Nov. 1.
Ditto, by French packet
Cape Verde. by Brazil packet ...... Nov. 4.
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and it. ilolena Nov. i 7,
China, Penang, and Singapore. via Sowhavupton Nov. 3.
Ditto, via Blunt:Allem
Falkland Islands Nov. 4,
Gibraltar, via Souttia,n2ton Nov. 2.
India, via Southampton
Ditto, via %treed. es
Malta, Egypt, &0.N07. 3.
Ditto, Marseilles Oct.
Mauritius, Cape of Good II ipe, and Natal, viii
.
Southampton .Nov.
19.
Ditt ), via Alareetilet, Nov. a 3,
Newfound la rid ...... ..... . .
Nov.
Portug,al..
Ditto, by pr Ii( ship to Oporto .
Ditto . to Lisbon
United States, c ena California, &c., Ilritisli

packet
Ditto, by L I ited 'States packet
Ditto ditto New Yorkl
Ditto ditto N, w York)
Ditto ditt, (Baltimore) •
Ditto, by Canadian packet . Nov, L
West Coast of Ntri, a. Madeira, and Teneriff. N.K. 3.
acid ,except Mexico and Bela-
. mas) Nov. 13,
Cub.t and Mexico Nov. 28

Balia.nas, via New York
BerulUda, via lialifa*