The Sun.
London, England, 1858-02-06 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 6, 1858.

From the London Gazette of Last Night.

LORD CFIAMBERLAIN'S OFFICE, FEB. 5.
Notice is hereby given, that the State Apartments of
Windsor Castle will be open to the public on and after
Monday next, the Bth instant, subject to the usual regula-
tions.

BUCKINGHAM PALACE, FEB. 3.
The Qaeon was this city pleased to confer the honour of
Knighthood upon William Hodges, Esquire, Chief Justice
of the Cape of Good Hope.
WAR-OFFICE, FEB. 5.
-

The Queen has been graciously pleased to make and or-
dain a Special Statute of the Most Honourable Order of
the Bath, for the appointment of Lieutenant-Colonel Vin-
cent Eyre, of the Bengal Artillery, to be an Extra
Member of the Military Division of the Third Class, or
Companions of the said Most Honourable Order, and to
assign to him place among the Companions of the said
Order, after Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Gaitskell, Ben-
gal Artillery, and before Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Reid,
10th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry.
DUCHY OF LANCASTER, Fan. 3.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint George Marton,
of Capernwray Hall, Esq., to be Sheriff of the County
Palatine of Llncaster for the year ensuing.
FOREIGN-OFFICE, FEB. 2.

The Queen has been pleme 1 to approve of Mr. Carl
Julius Muller to be Consul at Sydney for his Majesty the
King of Saxony.
The Queen has also bran pleased to approve of Mr. Carl
Julius Muller as Consul at Sydney fur his Royal Highness
the Grand Duke of Oldenburgb.
FOREIGN OFFICE, Fes. 4.
The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. OloffJohn
Friiter as Consul at Cape Town, fur his Majesty the Sing
of tho Netherlands.

BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, FEB. 5.
The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy
Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through
the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a eopy of a
Notice issued by the French Imperial Government an.
pouncing an Exhibition of Horses to take place at
A!encon, in the mouth of May next. The .Exhibition
will ba limited to the Departments of Calvados, L'Enro,
L'Eure et Loire, La Manche, L'Orne et la Seine
In-
terioure.

WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, F. 5.
4th Dragoon Guards—Sebastian White Rawline, Gent.,
to be Cornet, without purchase.
10th Lig ht Dramoons—Per cy Dodglon, Gent., to be Cornet,
without purchase, vice Fitz Gerald, whose appointment
has been cancelled.
11th Light Dragoons—Sergeant Edmund. Corbett to be
Riding Master, vice Banat°, who has resigned.
14th Light Dragoons—Henry Bradley, Gent., to be Cornet,
without purchase, vice Baamish, promoted.
16th Light Dragoons—Captain Arthur Burnand, from the
17th Light Dragoons, to b 3 Captain, vice Steel, who
exchanges.
17th Light Dragoons—Captain Charles Steel, from the 16th
Light Dragoons, to be Captain, vice Burnand, who ea-
ch an ee s.
Royal 'Artillery— Acting Veterinary Surgeon William
Dorrofield to be Veterinary Surgeon, vice J. H. Carter,
superseded, being absent without leave.

Coldstream duarci;---Ensign and Lieutenant the Honour-
able William Edwardes to be Lieutenant and Captain,
by purchase, vice Caulfield, who retiree.
7 _

2d Foot—Eustaco Lo7elace Mercy, Gent., to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Nowbatt, appointed to the 13• h Foot.
Bth Foot—• Ensign Edward Tanner to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Vincent, killed in action;
Ensign E. T. Pinniger to be Lieutenant, without pur.
chase, vice Tanner, whose promotion on the 11th Deo.,
1857, has been cancelled.

.oth Foot --Lieutenant William Sykes, from half-pay of
the late Land Transport Corps, to be Quartermaster.

Lith Foot--William Adam Smyth, Goa., to be Ensign,
without purchase, vice Gambier, whose appointment ha*
been cancelled ; Quartermaster William Charles Napier,
from half-pay of the late 2,1 Dragoons, British German
Legion, to be Quartermaster.
.2th Foot--Cornet George Wohlmann, from half•pay of
the late Land Transport Corps, to be Quartermaster.

13th Foot—Ensign William Moffett, from the 93th Foot,
to be Ensign, vice Ruck, promoted; Cornet John Lau-
dry, from Half-pay late Laud Transport Corps, to be
Quartermaster.
22d Foot—Harry Houlton Palmer Vivian, Gent., to be
Ensign, without purchase, vice Glenuie, deceased.
23th Foot—Jerome O'Brien, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur-
chase, vice Ducat promoted ; Arthur St. George Cuff,
Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Bourke,
appointed to the 10th Foot.
32d Foot—To be Captains, without purchase—Lieut. W.
J. Anderson, vice Power, died of wounds ; Liszt. C. IL
Ricketts, vice Mansfield, deceased ; Lieut. J. Edmon-
stoune, vice McCabe, died of wounds. (The promotion
of Lieut. S. H. Lawrence, vice Capt. Moore. killed in
action, to be dated June 28, 1857, and not July 17, as
stated in the Gazette of Dec. 29th last.) To be
Lieutenants, without purchase Ensign J. W.
Charlton, vice Lawrence, promoted; Ensign W.
Studdy, vice Wainwright, killed in action ;
Ensign J. Strachan, 'vice Thomson, killed in action ;
Ensign C. E. L. Bluett, from the 55th Foot, vies
Charlton, whose promotion, on the Ist July, 1857, has
been cancelled ; Ensign Edmund Lakin, from the 49th
Foot, vise Studdy, died of wounds. To be Ensign, by
purchase—Charles Geoffrey Stanley, Gent. ; the promo-
tion of Ensign Studdy, on the 17th July, 1854 has-been
cancelled.
31th Foot—Ensign George Malcolm to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Jordan, killed iu aotion ; Ensign
L. Jordan, from the 2d Foot, to be Ensign, vie. Mal-
calm.
50th Foot—Lieutenant W. T. Hickman to be Captain, by
purchase, vice Blackwell, who retires.
57th Foot—Walter Theodore Edward Bontinok, Gent., to
be Ensign, by purchase, vice Gladstone", appointed to
the 75th Foot.
60th Foot—To be Ensigns, by purchase—Julius Totten.
ham, Gent., vice Jenuings, promoted ; Reginald H.
Beadon, Gent., vice Tuffnell, promoted ; Andrew
Murray, Gent., vice Bilham, who retires.
62d Foot—John Meadows Theobald, Gent., to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Cornwall, appointee' to the 84th Foot,
64th Foot—Major G. W. P. Bingham to be Lieutenant.
Colonel, without purchase, vice Brevet-Colonel Wilson,
killed in action; Captain and Brevet-Lieutenant-Colo.
nel C. W. Sibley to be Major, without purchase, vie-
Bingham ; Captain N. H. Shute'
to be Majer, withou
purchase, vice Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel Stirling killed
in action ; Lieutenant M. Fanning to bo Captain, with-
out purchase, vice Sibley ; Lieutenant G. L. Knight to
be Captain, without purchase, vice Shute ; Lieutenant
F. J. Hutchinson to be Captain, without purchase, vice
Morphy, killed in action ; Lieut. S. deC. O'Grady to be
Captain, without purchase, vice Wenn, killcd inaction.
To be Lieutenants, without purchase—Ensign J. W.
Tayhr, vice Fanning ; Ensign A. W. L. Mirehouse, vice
Knight. To be Ensigns—Ensign G. R. Daniel, from
57th mot, in succession to Lieut. Mackinnon, killed in
action; Ensign W. J. Youths, from 3)th Foot, vice
Taylor ; Ensign J. G. Anderson, from 39th Foot, 'vice
Mirehouse ; Ensign F. E. Wilson, from sth Foot, vice
ruetor of Mus-
67MthoFrrioosot_n,Laiepupto.iiEitted Paymaster
iwardeoxent9othb
aFlono
Instructor
t

ketry.
76th Foot—Godfrey Trevelyan Faussett, Gent., to be En-
sign by purchase, ♦ice Sawyer, promoted.
83d Foot—To be Ensigns, by purchase—Herbert Cornish
Whitlock, Gent., vine Pennefather, promoted ;
Michael Murphy, Gent., vice Chamley, promoted.
85th Foot—Ensign George Henry Stec° to be Instructor

of Musketry. -
88th Foot-- Lieutenant W. Lambert to be Captain, without
purchase, vice Day, killed in action; Ensign George
Walker to' be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Lam-

bert.
90th Foot—Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Smith to be
Lieut.• Colonel, without purchase, vice Brevet-Colonel
Campbell, died of his wounds ; Capt. John Christopher
Guise to be Major, without purchase, vice Smith ;
Lieut. 0. W. Every to be Captain, without purchase,
vice Denison, died of his wour.ds ; Lieut. Henry J
Haydock to be Captain, without purchase, vice Gail&
The promotions of Lieut. P. J. Deverill and Ensign H.
B. Savory, to be dated tat Oct., 1857, instead of 4th
Oct., 1857, as previously stated.
93d Foot—Ensign Waller S. Mackenzie to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Stirling, died of wounds.
94th Foot—Ramsay Steuart, Gent., to be Easigu, by pur-
chase, vice Bincktnan promoted.
98th Foot—Ensign Robert Thorp, from the 96th Foot, to
be Ensign, vice Moffett, appointed to the 13th Foot.
Gold Coast Artillery Corps -- Lieutenant A. S. Craig, to b.
Captain, without purchase.

DEPOT B.A.TTALION-.
Captain Thomas Anderson, 78th Foot, to be Instractor
of Musketry.

BREVET.
Lient.-Colonel J. S. Wood, C. 8., half-pay Unattached,
and Assistant Adjutant-General at lldershott, having
completed three years' aotnal service in the rank of Lieut.-
Colonel, to be Colonel in the Army under the Royal War-
rant of the 6:h Oct., 1854.

MEMORANDA.
Maj.)r and Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel Patrick Leoaard
M`Dougall, upon half-pay of the Canadian Rifles, and
Major and Superintendent of Studios at the Royal Mili-
tary College, to be Commandant of the Staff College.
Major and Brevet-Colonel William C. E. Napier, upon
half-pay Unattached, to be Superintendent of Studies at
the Royal Military College, Sandhurst; vice M`Dougall.
ADMIRALTY, FEB. 1.
Corps of Royal Marines—First Lieutenant .Tames Taylor
to be Captain, vice Farmer, to half-pay; First Lieutenant
John Ballow Butcher to be Captain, vice Casey, to hall-
pay ; Second Lieutenant George Johnston to be First
Lieutenant, vice Taylor, promoted ; Second Lieutenant
'rhenium Brewer to be First Lieutenant, vice Butcher, pro•
looted.

ADMIRALTY, FEB. 2.
First Lieutenant Edward Henderson Stai r to bo Captain,
vice Parke, deceased._

Second L'ieutenant Robert Lennox Bourohier to be First
dentenant, vice Starr, promoted.

COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LOR DS-LIEUTEN A.NT.
North Sorner set Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—James
William Balfour, Esq., to be Captain and Adjutant, vice
Haviland, resigned.
3d Regiment of the Dike of Lancaster's Own Royal
Lancashire Militia—Richard Allen, Esq., to be Surgeon,
visa Mark, resigned.
Zith Regiment of Royal Lancashire Militia—Ensign
Robert Hall to be Lieutenant, vice Fenton, appointed to
the 9th Regiment of Foot.
7th Regiment of Lancashire Militia—Edward Chatham
Strode' sq. (late Captain of the 2d Regiment of Somerset
Militia), to be Captain ; Lieutenant Edward Barlow to be
Captain, vice Moorhead, resigned ; Lieutenant Richard
Hackett to be Captain, vice Arnaud, resigned ; Lieutenant
Thomas Ridgway Btidson to be Captain, vice Clement,
resigned ; Henry Smith, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Bar-
low, promoted.
Royal Lancashire Militia Artillery Regiment---First
Lieut. Hill Charley Moore to be Captain, vice Creagh, re-
signed ; Second Lieut. Henry Tuke Holmes to be First
Lieut., vice Bichard, resigned.
Royal Aberdeenshire Regiment of Militia—Robt. Camp
bell, Gent., to be Ensign,
Shropshire Regiment of Militia—Richard Altomont
Smythe to be Ensign, vice J. L. Rowlands, deceased.
Regiment of Stirlingshire, &C., Militia—Wm, James'

Balfour Junor, Esq., to be Easign, vice Matthew Charles
Brodie Ma3alister, promoted.
2d Regiment (Light Infantry) of Nest York Militia -
Lieutemut George Williams t 9 be Captain, vice Murray,
displaced.

3dßegiment (Light Infantry) of West York Witte—
/Ensign John Cadman to be Lieuterisnt, vice Landon, re.
signed.

masntl,loßeengti.TteontboefEWnseixgtnY.York Militia—Win. Edwin Cad.

BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED.
John Young, draper, Pentonville-road, King's-cross.
Charles Isaac, merchant, Bristol.
BANKRUPTS.
William Keynes and Thomas Keynes, merchants, Salis-
bury, to surrender Feb. 13 and March 19, at eleven, at the
Court of Bankruptcy.
William Weller, stone mason, Woolwich, Feb. 19, at
two, and March 19, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Henry Challenger, victualler, Bristol, Feb. 19, and
March 16, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court.
Frederick Thomas Hydor, tea dealer, Bayswater, Feb.
11, at eleven, and March 22, at twelvd, at the Court of
Bankruptcy.
John Bourne, builder, Cardiff, Glamorganshire, Feb.
19 and March 9, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court.
George Dean, cord manufacturer, Nottingham, Feb. 25,
and March 16, at half-past ten, at Nottingham District
Court.

Robert Dowling, woollen draper, Westbury, Wiltshire,
Feb. and. March 15, at eleven, at the Bristol District
Court.

Joseph Rennison, wino merchant, Haddonfield, March
1 and 2,, at eleven, a,. the Leeds District Court.
Thomas Pecksoo, lama draper, Scarborough, Feb. 18
and March 26, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court.
William Minors, draper, Surethwick, Staffordshire, Feb.
and March 11, at half-past eleven,'at the Birmingham
District Court.

John Archibald Fitzpatrick, victualler, Alrowas, Staf-
fordtdaira, Feb. 18, and garch 11, at half-past eleven, at
the Birmingham Diaktiit -Court.
William Elaon,' brickutaker, Einctham, Feb. 27, at
twelve, and March 22, at two, at the Court of BatilerupOey,
Reginald G.' U. Mootham, merchant, Upper East Sndith-
field, Feb.l7 and March 22, at one, at the Court of Bank-
ruptcy.

Lama
Smith Knight, hardwareman, Manchester, Feb.
15 and March 10, at the Manchester District Court.
George John Brown, rope manufacturer, Hartlepool,
Feb. 18, at eleven, and March 24, at twelve, at the New-
castle-upon-Tyne District Court.
Edward Benjamin Brodie, cooper, Argyle-street, Kirde•
arose, Feb. 19, at one, and March 19, at twelve, at the Ciourt
of Bankruptcy.
Vincent SAlmavico, optician, Hatton-garden, Feb. 16,
at one, and March 18, at twelve, at the Court of Bank•
ruptcy.
Robert George Webb, draper, Liverpool, Feb. 15, at
twelve, and March 8, at eleven, at the Liverpool District
Court.

Charles Whsrten, miller, Sandbaeb, Chester, Feb. 22,
at eleven, and March 15, at one, at the Liverpool District
Court.

Arthur Rice Jeunor, buyer and letter out to hire of
thrashing machines, Viinchfield, Feb. ln, at half-past two,
and March 19, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Edward Bell, ship chandler, `gapping, Feb. 18 at
twelve, and March 19 at eleven, at the Court of Bank-
ruptcy.
John Bard, calico printer, Radcliff'', Lancashire, Feb.
17 and March 17, at twelve, at the Manchoster District
Court.

Edward Fenton rag and bboddy dealer, Batley Carr,
Dewsbury, Yorkshire, Feb. 18 and March 26, at eley-,n, at
the Commercial-buildings, Leeds.

BANK OF.]
An Account, pursuant t 3 the Act
the Week ending on Weinesd,

ISSUE DZI
Notes Issued

£29,445,165

ENGLAND.
7th and ath Victoria, cap. 32, for
lay, the 3d day of Feb., 1858.
'ARTMENT.

Datod the 4th day of Feb., 1858,

SINKING Dl

80:!vice: 69
Government debt.... 11,015,100
Gold coin and bullion 14,970,165
3,4_900

429,445,165
:. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier.

Proprietors' capital .. 14,553,000
Reat...... ....... 3,721,209
Public deposits (In-
cluding Exchequer,
Conunissio .ers of
National Debt, Sav-
ing.' Banks, and

'ARTICENT.

Government securities

Dividend Accounts) 3,651,586
Other deposita
seven Day and other

Bills

870,562

(includg.deadVoliili
Annuity) .. • • • 9,559,161
Other Securities. 20,073,740
Notes ....... ..... . , 9,370.100
Gold au 1 Silver Coin 823,531

£39,826,532 I £39,826,532
M, MARSHILL, Chief Cashier.
Dated the 4th day of Feb., 1858.
_ AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR.

The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com-
puted from the returns made in the week ending Feb.
2, 1857, exclusive of the Duties of Customs paid or
payable thereon, ou tie importation thereof into Great
Britain s. d.
From the British Possessions in America 27 10
Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius 35 8i
Muscovado, the produce of the East ladies l7 6
Average of the above descziptions.

THE INDIAN MUTINIES.

The following is a copy of a leUer from the Go-
veznor-Ganaral of India in Council to the Court of
Directors of the East India Company.
"Fort William, Dccemb.ir 11, 1857.—(N0.
144.—Public.)
"It appears that very considerable misappre-
hension prevails as to the measures which have
been taken for the punishment of those who have
been guilty of mutiny, &senior and rebellion
during the recent disturbances iu India, and as to
certain instruo'ions which have been issued for the

guidauci of civil officers charged with catryirig out

those measures, and vested with extraordinary
powers for the purpose. Therefore, although our
proceedings have been regularly reported to your
Hon. Court, and have as yet been honoured with
your entire approval, we deem it right specially
and briefly to recapitulate them in order that the
policy of the Government of India may not be mis-
understood, and that mistaken representations re-
garding it may be corrected.
"2. In the first place, it has been made a matter
of complaint against the Government of India that
the country was not put under martial law after
the occurrence of the mutinies.

" 3. The reply to this is that the country was put
under martial law wherever it was necessary, and
as soon aq it cot id answer any good purpose to do so.
."
4. Martial law was proclaimed by the Lie ut.-
Governor of the North-Western Province, as the
mutiny broke out, in the Delhi Meerut-, -I. RAH-
cundt and Agra§ divisions 'and in the districts of
Ajmerej! and Neaniuch.ll
" It was proclaimed by the Government of India
in the Allahabad and Benares divisions on the 9th
of June, -1857,. as ttoon.as_the,mutiny, at Benaras
and Allahabld and its consequences beaaine known.
"It. was procliireed by- the Lieut. -Governor of
Bengal in the Patnall and °holm Nagpore** divi-
sions of the Lower Provinces immediately after the
mutiny of the Dinapore regimen's and the Ram-
gurli Battalion occurred.
" 5. Lost it should be supposed by any that in

thus dealing with the country by divisions and dis-
tricts a hesitating and uncertain policy was pur-
sued, it may bo added that of the abovenamed
tracts of country the smallest is equal to any Eag-
lish county, and the largest is AS large as Ireland.
" 6. In the Punjauh and Oude (non-regulation
provinces) there was no need to proclaim martial
law. The authorities acted as if it had been pro-
claimed.
" 7. But in truth measures of a far more strin-
gent and effective character than the establishment
of martial law wore taken for the suppression of
mutiny and rebellion.
" 8. Martial law, in the ordinary acceptation of

the phrase, is no law at all, or, as it hag been de-
scribed, the will of the general. But martial law
in India i 4 proclaimed under special regulations
applicable only to the regulation provinces in the
three Presidencies, whereby the Government is em-
powered to suspend either wholly or partially the
functions of the ordinary criminal courts, to es-
tablish martial law, and also to direct the immo•
diate trial by courts-martial of all subjects who are
takea—(l) in arms in open hostility to the British
Government ; or (2) in the act of opposing by force
cf arms the authority of the same ; or (3) in the
actual commission of any °vett act of rebellion
against the State ; or (4) in the act of openly aid-
ing and abetting the enemies of the British Go-
vernment.

" 9. Neither the effect of martial law nor the
mode in which courts-martial are to be constituted
under the regulation has ever.been defined. But it
seems clear that courts-martial cannot be composed
of any but military officers, for there is nothing in
the regulation to show that courts-martial as therein
described can be otherwise constituted.

" 10. Moreover' it should be bcrne in mind that
in Bengal, beyond the limits of the jurisdiction of
the Supreme Court, there was no regulation which
provided for the punishment of treason or rebel-
lion, and that the Mahomedan law, which in the
absauce of express regulation constitutes the cri-
minal law of the country, does not provide any
specific punishment for such crimes. Regulation
X. of 1804 rendered a person guilty of treason or
rebellion liable to the punishment of death only in
the event of his conviction before a court-martial ;
and even a court-martial under that regulation had
no power to try for treason or rebellion, unless the
offender was taken in arms in open hostility to the
British Government, or in tho aot of opposing by
force of arms the authority of the same, or in the
actual commission of an overt act of rebellion.

" 11. The power of trial by court-martial did not
extend to persons guilty of rebellion unless taken
in the actual commission of an ovezt act.
" 12. Under those circumstances the Govern-
ment might have been much embarrassed had
Indian martial law alone been relied upon, and
seeing that the number of military officers at the
disposal of the Government was in many parts of
the country wholly insufficient for the summary
trial of mutineers and rebels, the Government of
India took a course much more effectual than the
establishment of martial law. Having first by
Act No. VIII. of 1857 strengthened the hands of
officers by giving them greater powers for the
assembling of courts-martial, and by making the
proceedings of these coital more summary, the
Government adopted measures which should give
them the services not only of their own military
and civil officers, but of independent English gen-
tlemen not conmeted with the East India Com-
pany--.indigo planters and other persons of in-
telligenee and influence. Those measures were as
follows :

" 13. On the 30th May, when it was know❑ that

the mutiny of the sepOYs had been followed in
many places by rebellion of the populace, Act. No.
Xl. of 1857 was passed. By this law persons
guilty of rebellion or of waging war against the
Queen or the Government, or of aiding or abetting
therein, were rendered liable to the punishment of
death, and to the forfeiture of all their property,
and the crime of harbouring rebels, &c., was made
heavily punishable ; the Supreme and local Exe-
cutive Governments were empowered to issue a
commission in any district in a state of rebellion
for the trial of rebels or persons charged with any
other crime against the State, or with any heinous
crime against person or property; the commis-
sioners were empowered to act singly, and were
vested with absolute and final powers of judgment
and execution without the presence of law officers
or assessors ; and, finally, the posssession of
arms in any district in which it might be pro-
hibited by the Executed Governmtnt was made
penal.
"14. By Act No. XIV. of 1857, passed on the
Gth June, provision was made for the punishment
of persons convicted of exciting mutiny or sedition
in the army, the offender was rendered liable to
the punishment of death and the forfeiture of all
his property, and persons guilty of harbouring such
offenders were snide liable to heavy punishment.
Power wa3 also given to general courts-martial to
try all parsons, whether amenable to the atticles of
war or not, charged with any offence punishable by
this or the preceding Act; and the Supreme and
local Executive Governments were authorised to
issue commissions in any district for the trial, by
single commissioners, without the assistance of law
officers and assessors, with absolute and final power
of judgment and execution, of any crime against
the State, or any heinous offence whatever ; the
term `heinous offence' being declared to include
every crime attended with great personal violence,
or committed with the intention of forwarding the
designs of those who are waging war against the
State.
" 15. By Act No. XVI. of 1857 all heinous
offences committed in any district under martial
law, or in any district to which this act might be
extended, were made punishable by death, trans-
portation, or imprisonment, and by forfeiture of all
property and effects. -
" 16. These enormous powers have been largely
exercised. They have been intrusted not to military
officers only, but to civil officers and trustworthy
persons not connected, with the Government, who,
under martial law properly so called, would have
had no authority ; and the law has thereby Leen
put in force in parts of the country where there were
few troops, and no officers to spare for such pur-

pose.
" 17. In all the three above-mentioned Acts,
NoR. XI., XIV., and XVI., European British
subjects are expressly exempted from their opera-

tion.
" 18. By Act No. XVII. of 1857 power was
given to session judge 3, and to any person or per-
sons, civil or military, to whom the Executive Go-
vernment might issue a commission for the pur-
pose, to try for mutiny or desertion any person
subject to the Articles cf War for the native army,
with final powers ofjudgment and execution.
Police officers were empowered to arrest without
warrant persons suspected of being mutineers and
deserters ; and zemindars and others were made
penally responsible for giving early intelligence of

* 16th and 25th of May. 1- 16th of May and Ist of June.
3.- 28th of May. § 27th of May, 4th and 12th of June.
II 12th of June, ¶ nth of June. !* 10th of Augud.