The Sun.
London, England, 1858-07-07 00:00:00

LONuor4, WEDNESDAY, JULY 7, 1853.

The Government of India Bill has now virtually
passed the representative branch of the Legisla-
ture. It was last night subjected to its last trials,
and Lord PALMERSTON was again taught that he

is no longer omnipotent in the House of Com-
mons ; that the liberal party have learned to dis-
tinguish between " chaff and wheat," and that
they greatly prefer the " doings" of the Derbyites
to the "•sayings" of the Palmerstonians and

Annelites.
The first important amendment was that pro-
posed by Mr. GLADSTONE. The Right lion. Gen-
tleman desired to prevent the employment of her
MAJESTY'S forces in India in any military opera-
tion beyond the external frontier of her Indian
possessions without the consent of Parliament to
the purposes thereof, except for repelling actual
invasion, or under sudden or urgent necessity.
This judicious proviso was at one© accepted by
Lord STANLEY, but opposed by L-)rd PALmEr.s-
TON, who now represents Tory principles.
Although the Crown may still retain the preroga-
tive of making war or peace in this country, the
acts must be immediately known, and Parliament,
especially the branch which guards the publi,
purse, has the power of controlling any improper
action. The supplies may be forthwith stopped,
and the warlike tendency of the Sovereign, or of
his or her advisers, brought to a speedy conclu-
sion. But in India it would be very different.
We might suddenly find ourselves committed to
such an extent that it would bo impossible to draw
back with safety or honour. These untoward
events might be occasioned by the reckless
proceedings of some future Governor-General.
There may unquestionably be occasions of
extraordinary emergency, where prompt and
rapid action would be indispensable. But these
cases are provided for. Should there be actual
invasion, they may act beyond the frontier, in
pursuit of the flying enemy, or " under any sud•
den and urgent necessity." These words convey
ample powers to the Indian Executive, for any
case that can possibly arise. There is no limita-
tion within her MAJESTY'S dominions, nor any
where when there has been invasion. Sudden and
urgent necessity is also provided for ; and no
officer would be worth his slit who would not
be prepared to undergo the responsibility imposed
on him, by the new clause. Lord PALMERSTOIV
strenuou'ly resisted the proposition, but it Was
still carried by a majority of 106, the numbers
being 152 for, and 46 against.

The c:,!-Premier brought for war.l another pro-
position, virtually limiting the operation of \sn,to
act to five :years from the Lit of August next.
The apotredi °bleat Iry that Parliament should be
compelled to review its present prou,lediugs, ana
that the Council and everything relating thereto
should then expire, unless a new lease of office
were granted by ..Parliament. It certainty
seemed very like nonsense to say that tile Coun-
cillors should hold office fur life in one clause,
while the.. provisions relating to theta should not
opiain in operation more than five years; but
there are many absurdities committed or sane-

tioned by grave assemblies, and the House of
Commons should be permitted to make a slight
escapade on certain occasions. It did not, how-
ever, permit Lord PA.LIIERSTON to lead it by the
nose. The delusion that so long prevailed has
been dispelled. It is now clearly ascertained to
I the satisfaction of the community and to
his own sad eonviction, that he is not the
leader of the liberal party, and that he
cannot induce them to do his dirty work whenever
he pleases. As yet, the new Cabinet have given
unmitigated satisfaction on every point—save one.
Lord MALMESBURY settled the French, Neapoli-
tan, Sardinian, and American difficulties. Pro-
ceeding temperately, but firmly, he, at the same
time, preserved the national honour, while he
averted the chances of collision. The Cabinet of
the Tuileries was satisfied—that of Naples
convinced—Turin confirmed—and Washington
appeased—the best budget tendered for public
approbation, and the iniquitous Property Qoali-
fication Act expunged from the statute-bock. A
judicious compromrise, too, has been entered into
with respect to the Jew Bill, and before the end
of the session Baron ROTHSCHILD will be enabled
to take his seat, to which he was elected some
12 years since. All these advantages have resulted
from the accession of Lord DERBY and his truly
efficient colleagues to office. They have not pre-
mised a Reform Bill, such as has been antici-
pated for a series of years, but they have pledged
themselves to take the question into consideration,
and we have greater faith in that simple intima-
tion than in the strongest promises that could be
made by their predecessors.
The Indian bill will be read a third time to-mor-
row,and probably introduced the.saine evening into
the Upper House. There wi'l thus he a clear
week, more than was asked for or anticipated,
and the measure can receive the calm and
attentive consideration which its importance so
urgently demands, and which the dignity of their
Lordships requires.

Americans iu England share at least one of our
feelings—that of relishing a good dinner, as the
appropriate celebration of public events. We, of
course, dine for everything ; for charities and for
politics ; for the honour of living men, and the
commemoration of the dead. There is hardly
any object, indeed, from a birth to a death, from
a battle to an hospital, which Englishmen will
❑ot make the occasion for the regular guinea
dinner. We do not read very often of such doings
on the other side the Atlantic, but our trans-
atlantic offspring will not fail to read in all their
papers of the feasting of the hundred and fifty at
the London Tavern, last Monday, in honour of the
4th of July. Perhaps they will generally be
pleased to notice that their fellow-countrymen
here did not learn from the example of Cambridge
House to hold a political meeting on the Sunday.
The New England States will certainly be gra-
tified that the 4th was honoured on the sth,
rather than the day of Christian worship should
be openly desecrated. To be sure, it is lawful to
do good on the Sabbath-day, and in the opinion
of Americans the signing the declaration of Inde-
pendence was the best of deeds. Still, as it is so
good as to deserve a whole day, and as very
worldly toasts were to be drunk, and very worldly
speeches made, Sunday was judiciously held for a
dies non in regard to American Independence.
But only to think of a public dinner, in the
centre of London, to celebrate the great colonial
rebellion ! Mr. DALLAS might well allude to the
fact itself ; it marks a great change here, and we
hope it will be the first lesson towards a great
change on the other side the water. We imagine
a corresponding dinner in New York, one
celebrating any of the English successes in the
contest, few enough certainly, yet some there
were—we imagine such a dinner would fill all the
American papers with declamations on E,iglish
" outrages of propriety," or English insolence ;
indeed we are not quite sure that, should the
dinner be in honour of the battle• between the
Chesapeake and Shannon, or in honour of the gal-
lant and cruelly killed ANDRE, the windows of the
room would not be broken iu. The greatest weak-
ness of Americans is their touchiness and vanity ;
it is surely time that by the 82d anniversary of
their Independence, they should have outgrown it a
little mere. When the Chairman in giving the
toast " the day we celebrate," could remark that
" The American nation had hitherto recognised
England as the mother from whom they had
sprung ; but, the day had at length arrived when
the United States should cherish Great Britain,
not so much as a mother, as an eider and most
cherished sister"—when he could claim for his
country almost a parity of standing, in the society of
older nations, it is surely time for her to lay aside
the "hobby-de-hoyishness" which kindles up at
every imaginary insult, and which imagines an in-
sult in almost everything. We may hope that
the English press and people, looking with good- will
on the celebration of its rebel birthday, by a nation
so young as well to remember it, will be a mirror
in which Yankeeism may see some of its folly and
be ashamed of it.

It is true the great majority of the English peo-
ple have been open to the conviction that their
immediate ancestors were wrong and the immediate
ancestors of the Americans subztantially right;
but what is wanted is that Americans should be as
open as Englishmen to conviction. There can be
no question that they are grossly and outrageously
wrong, in a moral point of View, in regard
to slavery. It disgraces to this hour their Decla-
ration
of Independence. It convicts it of brazen-
fac-d lying in affirming " that all men are born
free and equal." We could not, if Americans,
celebrate the 4th of July without blushing for our
profound selfishness, and stuttering while uttering
the praises of free—dom. We should feel humi-
liated in the heart of Free England, whose soil
emancip,tes every slave who touches it, whose
most distant colonies are Free soil, and, like the
mother country, giva freedom to every captive who
reaches them—we should feel humiliated to laud a
Declaration of Independence which leaves three
millions of fellow-countrymen, of native-born
Americans,, in the most bitter, cruel, degrading
personal bondage. Why are not the eyes of Ame-
rice!, as open to the black crimes of its ancestors,
as ours are to the political errors of our own? Why,
if we repudiate the blunders of our statesmen,
and renounce their policy—why are not Ameri-
cans ready to confess the odious iniquity of
slavery, and to get rid of the guilt of being, in
the year of Redemption 1858, in the year of Inde-
pendence 82, a great Slave Republic ? A Republic
in which, from one end to the other, its Federal
officers will seize the man escaping from the chain
and the lash, and hand him back to infernal tor-
tures for the crime of seeking to be Free !

We nced not say that we cordially concur is
most of the observations made at the meeting,
especially in those of Zr. DALL.I3 on the clever-
nea,, bordering, however, too often on astuteness,
of American diplomacy, and its contrasting ad-
vantageously with the frequently clumsy perform-
ances of our official and extraVagantly-paid diplo-.
watists of all orders. Lie could truly enough
kiky, that from the days of FgANE.Lpi to the pre-
seos timv, their militia, of diplomacy, as Lo tented

it, might contrast advantageously with the regular
army of the European Courts. We of course
agree with him also, that the conduct of our Go-
vernment recently on the "search and visit"
question was marked by "honourable candour and
fair dealing worthy of every acknowledgment."
We may add that the American Government, so
far as we know, did not sympathise more than it
was compelled to do, as a pro-slavery Government,
with the clamour, groundless as it proved, of
slavery-men and slave-traders. A Mr. TRAIN in-
formed us that their filibustering designs on Cuba,
on Mexico, on Central America, and on the Sand-
wich Island 4, of which he seemed proud, were
more than justified by ourfilibustering deeds. We
were the greatest filibusters under the sun. In
proof thereof he pointed to India, and also to
Australia, to Gibraltar, to Malta, and even to
Aden and Perim ! Well, we will not argue the
question ; one thing Mr. TRAIN will not deny,
that freedom, not slavery, has everywhere f, 1-
lowed in the train of our conquests.

BREAD-MAKING BY MACBINERy.

TO TEIE EDITOR. OF THE SUN.

SIR, —I feel sure, from your well-known liberality
and justice, that you will allow me to correct an
inaccuracy respecting my bread machine, which
appeared in your impression of Thursday last.
The trial of my machine took place last Wednes-
day, in the presence of about 60 or 70of the leading
scientific men and physicians of the day, and all,
with the exception of the writer in your journal,
pronounced my machine a complete success.
The paragraph iu your paper expresses the
writer's surprise and disappGiutment " that the
only real attempt at labour-saving is by means of a
vertical mixer, combined with a semi-rotary duster
or dredger, copied from, or precisely similar to
that desci ibed by L?e and Robinson, in their patent
of 1849." Now, sir, in this sentence there are two
errors, which no scientific man jo uld have possibly.
made. In the first place my mixer is not a "ver-
tical" but a horizontal one; and, in the second
place, my duster is not semi-rotary but completely
rotary. Upon these two palpable errors your cor-
respondent's paragraph is based, whilst his suppo-
sition that anything in my machine is a plagiarism
ou Lee and Robinson's is equally fallacieus-
In Lee and Robinson's patent the cylinder in
which the dough is mixed stands vertical, and
around its internal surface has a series of knives at-
tached. My trough lies horizontal, and its interior
t surface is perfectly smooth, the mixer working
round and fitting the dough perfectly every revo-
lution. In Lee and Robinson's patent the shaft
runs through the centre of the cylinder, and was
vertical. In my machine there is no shaft run-
ning through the centre, and the mixer woks
horizontal. Lie and Robinson's machine would
cost hundreds of pounds, and could only be
worked by steam power, where mine would only
cost tens, and is work-d by baud. Theirs has been
before the public for nine years, and not one is now
in use, whilst my patent is scarcely three months
old, and the machine is in successful operation,
and making bread daily. In fact, the one is a
failure, the other a success ; and I am indebted to
the simplicity of my machine for that result.
I leave the bakers to decide upon the merits of
the two machines. Mine is an open bakery. I
have entirely discarded the old and objectionable
practice of mixing bread, and my machines are in
daily successful operation. lam able with my
machine to set the sponges, break them, knead
the dough, and to do this cleaner, quicker, better,
and make more bread, and a better loaf, than by
the old process. I can do all this by a machine,
capable of mixing from one to fourteen bushels,
and costing only 351.

This the gentlemen who attended the meeting
fully acknowledged ; and Drs. Spurgin and
Seyers spoke of the great benefit it would confer
upon journeymen bakers' easing them from that
kind of labour which had been so often pub-
licly alluded to, and upon which especial legisla-
tion has been sought for their benefit. Those two
gentlemen, as welt as Mr. Pepper, the well-known
analytical chemist, spoke also,of the great benefit
the public would derive from cleanly made unadul-
terated bread. They expressed their surpri-e that
success had not been previously attained, and their
gratification at the completeness of the process ex-
hibited to them.

I am, Sir, yours, &-c.,
E. STEVENS.
5,6, and 7, Cambridge-road, N.E.

THE ATLANTIC TEL AND GREAT'

EASTERN.

LATEST NEWS.

AUSTRALIA.

MALTA, TUESDA.Y.

• The Teviot has just arrived from Alexandria,
with the Australian mails, bringing the following
intelligence :

ALEXANDRIA, JULY 2.
The European has arrived bringing Australian
mails, and gold valued at 138,1081.

Her dates of intelligence are—Sydney, May 11 ;
Melbourne, 16 ; Ceylon, June 9. The March mail
arrived at Melbourne on the 13th. The line of
railway from Melbourne to Sandhurst had been
contracted for at 3,357,0001. The electric telegraph
was completed from Melbourne to Adelaide. The
production of gold was o❑ the increas-, the supply
being, about 25,000 ounces in excess of last year.

In Victoria the suffrale has been extended and
the electoral districts re-arranged.
The import market improved con•iderably on the
receipt of the news per the Australian.
The wool and tallow marke's were in an inactive
state.

Money was abundant. Exchange, 1 to 112 p

cent. prem.

Trade active, with a fair demand for good
Exchange : Private bills at par. ; Bank, 2 per cent,

prem.

At Sydney wool. and hides were dull ; money
easier. Exchange, from Ito per cent. prem.
Freights : three-farthings per pound ; gold, A per
cent. by Failing vessels.

•
The plague is reported at Bengazv.
Colonel Le Alarehan, Chief Secretary at" Malta,
returns to England.
A Bill to increase the number of the House of
Assembly from 60 to 93 passed the Lower House
on the 26th, and is now before the Legislative
Council.

The following were the dates of departure of gold
ships for England :—April 21, the Shooting Star,
for Liverpool, with 41,598 ounces ; May 5, the
Fl ather Bell, for London, with 75,795 ounces ;
18th, the Eagle, fur Liverpool, with 25,945 ounces.
A new goldfield had been opened upon the New
South Wales side of the Murray River.

FRANCE.
PARIS, TUESDAY.
A letter from Baden-B idea states that, after
leaving Plombieres, the Emperor intends to pass a
few days in that place, on a visit to the Grand
Duchess Stephanie, his Msjesty's aunt.
The Constitutimn,el devotes an article to the
state of the Tnatnes, and to the system of sewerage
adolled in Lond,Jr. Oar contemporary recom-
mends to the notice of the Bard of Health the
system introduced of late by the Prefecture of the
Seine :—" The Parisian administration," says that
journal, "wishes to suppress our present mode of
emptying the cesspools by citt-t, which is a bar-
b ,roux custom, but it also desires to avoid falling
into the error of poisoning the sewers, as is the
case, in London. According to its present system,
the sewers are placed in communication with the
houses, and the refuse of all kinds, including the
tilth now thrown into the public streets, is carried
away by waggons running on rails. Thus, the un-
derground galleries, which form the organs of the
great ci:y, act like those of the human body, with-
out bei'ig visible ant without entailing any dis-
agreeable effects."

BOURSE, July 6.—The following were the late&
quotations :

4 per Cents 93 25
Do. end month 93 25
3 per Cent. .....
Do. end mouth 63 43
Bank Shares .
Credit Mobilier -
Do. Account 645

Credit Foncier
Belgian 43
Piedmontese (5)
Roman 9l
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt

RAILWAYS.— FOR CASiI.
Orleans
Northern
New Ditto 765 Eastern
Lyon and Mediteran.. 775
.. Grand Central
New Ditto 412,
2
Geneva
--- Austrian

TURKEY.
We have received, via Trieste, Constantinople
ournals arid letters to the 26th ult. An imperial
decree has been published calling out 100,000 men
of tae redif, which is a body of reserve composed of
all the old soldiers, who after having accomplished
their term of service return to their homes ; but
with the understanding that they are again liable
to be called on iu the event of their services being
'xpired. The decree of the Sul an is founded on
the necessity ef filling up the losses experienced by
the d,fferent corps in their recent expeditious in
various parts of the empire. That explanation,
however, was not considered sufficient by some
•of the repreeutatives of the loreiga powers to
account for calling out so large a body of men
in time of peace, and the Ministers were ap-
plied to on the subject. The answer given
was, that in addition to the motive assigned in the
imperial decree there existed anot.her, that of
having at command a sufficient force to secure the
execution of the, measures of order and reorganisa-
tion which the Government were resolved to apply
to all the provinces, conformably to its engage-
ments a ith the allied powers. This increase of the
army will considerably rind to the charges of the
treasury, and at a time when it ii ill able to bear
its present burdens. The Porte, however, calcu-
lates on the realisation of the loan which Fuad
Paella is authorised to nego iate in Europe, in
order to meet its most pressing want, until a
better nateagement of its res.airces will allow it to
establish an equilibrium between, its receipts and '
expenditure. Tue ,Tournal 'de Constantinople of
the above date gives thefollowieg "communicated"
Dote :
"As might have been expected, the situation of
financial affiirs has lately attracted the most serious
attention c f the Government, and a project has
been drawn out, the object of which is to establish
some order in fiarancisl matters until the conclusion
of a loan will allow of their being definitively regu-
lated. A wee ing of ten of the heads of the prin-
cipal co nmercial and banking houses was held at
the Bourse this afternoon, to discuss this project
All these g-ntlemen expressed themselves well
cl,spesed towards it, but no resolution was come to,
and it was delided that another meeting should be
held in a few days."
Much anxiety was felt' as to the turn which
the Conferences of Paris might take. Imme-
diately after the receipt of a recent despatch
frem Fuad Paella, a Council of Ministers was
held, but nothing had transpired as to the
subject of its deliberations. The relations of the
Austrian In ternuncio are said to havebecome rather
cooler within a few days before the packet left, and
it is even mentioned that an interview between the
Grand Vizier and Baron Prokesch bed not passed
off in a ve 7y cordial moinner. The question of Mon-
tenegro remained in static quo. Tile arrival of Sir
H. Bulwer was waited for to fix the period for the
opening of the conferences. It was reported that
Russia had declared that she would fake no part in
the deliberations unless the independence of Prince
Danillo formed the basis of them.