The Sun.
London, England, 1867-06-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, Lois ON, TUESDAY EV ENING, JUNE 18, 1867.

the representation of counties. In taking 45 members '
from small boroughs, we are not, as the hon. member for
Wick says, taking them from towns, but from counties.
We are, at any rate, depriving the counties of 31 members
who indirectly represent them under the existing system.
It is not right for the hon. gentleman to contrast Birming-
ham, with its two members, with some small town with its
two members. We might as well compare some large
county with two members with some small county with
the same number. You have the county of Durham with
two members. There are four boroughs in that county in
which the population, though considerable, is not so large
as that of the county, and they are represented by eight
members. (Conservative cheers.) The hon. gentleman
very candidly informed us what object he had in bringing
forward this measure. Although he did not ask the com-
mittee to adopt cumulative voting, he has told he has
brought this forward as a preparation for that. If the
house is in favour of cumulative voting and the representa-
tion of minorities, they ought to support the hon. mem-
ber. (Hear, hear.) The opinion of Government is not
in that direction. They are opposed to cumulative
voting and the representation of minorities as unfea-
sible and fantastic schemes. I will not enter into their
reasons at present, but will give them when the time
comes. We look upon the issue to-night as one of deep
importance. The hon. gentleman has said that if
the bill be passed as it is agitation will recommence as if
agitation was really the normal condition of Englishmen.
(Hear, hear.) It is very easy to say all this, but the ques-
tion at issue is of great weight. Everything depends upon
it, and if the house determines to adopt the amendment of
the bon. member it will entirely change the principle on
which the opinions of the people of England have hitherto
been upon the whole accurately ascertained. We are told
it is absolutely necessary that the representation of those
cities should be increased on account of the heavy duties
that devolve upon their representatives. Therefore we
ought to have, as the hon. member has stated, six members
for Manchester. Ido not agree with that theory. I think
two members would do much better. We all know pro-
verbially what is the effect of too many artists. (Laugh-
ter.) I see the hon. member for the Tower Hamlets (Mr.
Ayrton), who represents a population much more consider-
able, and I never heard him complain of having too much
work. (Laughter.) I never heard his constituents com-
plain of his neglecting their interests. It is much easier
for a member to ascertain what are the wants of a large
than to meet the requirements of the scattered population
of a large county. Some of the counties are sixty or
seventy miles long. The northern end may be a plain, the
population at the southern end may live among hills.
There are different industries, different feelings, therefore
one member is not sufficient. I am of opinion that the
amendment of the hon. member is not founded on sound
policy. We ought to try and supply that want which the
almost universal feeling of the house thinks ought to be
supplied in the representation of the counties, and we ought
to distribute the rest of the representation among those
rising urban places which have !proved, by their iecreas-
ina industry and vitality, that they are entitled to repre-
sentation in this house. _ .

Mr. GLADSTONE —I shall not attempt to reply to
that portion of the speech of the right hon. gentleman
which refers to cumulative voting, or that which refers
to the undivided representation of great towns, because
it appears to me that those questions are wholly distinct
from that raised by my hon. friend. One part of the state-
ment of the right hon. gentleman 1 have heard with satis-
faction, because it relieves me from the apprehension with
which I listened to him in the earlier part of the evening,
when he objected with so much vehemence to the motion
of the hon. member for Wick, and when he said that if it
were carried he would have to reconsider the position' of
the Government. That I now understand was in connec-
tion with cumulative voting. [CHANCELLOR of the EXCHE-
QUER was understood to signify dissent.] Then am Ito
understand that the position of the Government will have
to be considered if we take the claims of the large towns
to increased representation ? (Hear, hear.) If that be so
I must retract the expression of satisfaction 1 just uttered.
If her Majesty's Government think that their position as
an Administration is brought into peril or into question by
our determination that great and populous communities
are entitled to a moderate increase of representation, such
a view on the part of her Majesty's Government would be
the most egregious instance upon record of straining at
a gnat after swallowing a camel. (Loud cheers and
laughter.) Seriously, I must claim for the house liberty
to enter freely on the discussion that has been raised.
This is a proposal not very novel in itself, not of wide
scope, not aiming to overset general views or to change
the scheme of redistribution. The house is there-
fore entitled to exercise its judgment on the proposal of
the hon. member for Wick, unbiassed by the idea of poli-
tical results. (Hear, hear.) I confess I am comforted
when I recollect the letter of the right hon. gentleman
oa the two years' residence, and his subsequent explana-
tion of that letter, which was far more wise than the
letter itself; and I trust if the judgment of the house
should be in favour of my right lion. friend, the right
hon. gentleman will address himself to the question
whether su6ll a change may not without inconvenience be
incorporated with the scheme of the Government. I can-
not think, however, that my hon. friend means that if we
adopt this motion we should virtually determine that the
seats to be had for large towns were to be had by the
system of grouping small boroughs. I say that, by decid-
ing for the motion of my hon. friend, we are bound to no
method of supplying seats. It is perfectly open to recon-
sider the question. It is perfectly open, if you think fit,
to withdraw one member from boroughs from which one
has not already been taken. It is perfectly open to recon-
sider the plan of the right hon. gentleman to take seats
from those ho purposes to give. Although this is not the
course I should recommend, I do think it most important
it should be understood that, in expressing judgment on
the motion of my hon. friend, we express no opinion as to
the means of supplying members for those large towns.
In saying this, I shelter myself under the authority of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, when he said, " Our first
step is to consider the various claims of the population and
communities to representation, and when you have ascer-
tained the just and true amount of those claims, then
your business is to find seats in sufficient number to
satisfy them." It is impossible not to take notice of the
position in which the right hon, gentleman places those
towns with respect to counties. It appears to me the
claims of certain towns to increased representation are irre-
fragable claims, iirefragable in policy, and irrefragable
in
principle. As my hon. friend said, you cannot settle the
question of reform upon a basis of redistribution so limited
and narrow as that on which we now stand ; and I deeply
regret that the motion of the learned gentleman the mem
ber fur Portsmouth was not sustained. lam confident
that no plan so narrow as to exclude the great towns from
increased represZntation, even if it were to receive
for a moment the sanction of the House, could possi-
bly endure for the period we all of us wish this
measure to endure. I go upon a principle ex-
actly opposite to that of the hon. member for Man-
chester (Mr. E. James), who does not wish to settle this

question of reform on the ground that there will be no-
thing left for this house to do. I agree with the right lion.
gentleman the Chancellor of the Exchequer that agitation
is not the normal state of this country, and is not to be the
normal occupation of its people, and it is because I am
deeply convinced of this principle that I shall end as I

began in the reform discussions, by endeavouring to give
a settlement with some prospect of permanence in it. Can
there be a greater paradox than to say that, in a country
divided into communities infinitely varying in importance,

the representation is to be equal, or that it is to be limited

in every case to the number of two? We have been
already compelled to depart from that principle in the case
of the metropolis, and wo aro going to depart from it still
further in that case in the present bill. Why, then, are we I
not to depart from it in respect to Liverpool and Man- i
chester ? The speech of the right hon. gentleman is good,
not only for this year but for future years. He contends
that in principle it is wrong to increase the representation
of the great communities. Such a declaration is contrary
to the reason of the case. Are not the numbers, property,
and intelligence of the people determining qualities which
cught to serve, in a principal degree, as the measure of ,
the influence and weight they ought to possess in the coun-
cils of this house ? And if so, how is it possible to look at I
the case of Liverpool and Manchester—and, though I am
speaking of Manchester in tl-e face of one of its represen-
tatives (Mr. James), my acquaintance with it has been as
long as my hon. and learned friend's, and will perhaps con-
tinue as long—(laughter)—how is it possible to look at the
case of these towns, and suppose that they will acquiesce
in a system which reduces almost to insignificance the
numerical weight of their representation? (Hear.) The
right hon. gentleman answers this by making comparisons
between counties and towns, and by reverting to bis
old fallacy of the comparative population of the two.
(Hear, hear.) if the right hon. gentleman intends to
found himself on the population of the counties for the
purpose of comparison with the towns, he must give the
counties the same extended franchise as the towns. (Hear,
hear.) It is not just in logic, it is not reasonable, thus to
urge the representation of counties, and to insist tett popu-
lation for the measure of representation, in the same way
as the population of the Southern States of America was
under tho old constitution of America taken for the
measure of representation, when the groat bulk of the
population was excluded from the franchise. It is on the
ground of the general importance of the counties, and not
on the fancied opposition between their interests and those
of the towns that they are entitled to an increase of re-
presentation. But on the ground of the general import-
ance, Liverpool, Manchester, and other places are likewise
entitled. It is no answer to plead the total representation
of the towns. What does Liverpool care about the re-
presentation of Plymouth ? The interests of Liverpool
are not promoted by the representation, and ft is not fair
to throw that into the balance as a make-weight to make
good, when it cannot be dune otherwise, a case against the
claim of Liverpool to increased representation. Compare
the case of Liverpool with that of the counties. Why
are the 440,000 people who were in Liverpool in 1801 to
be restricted to two members, and to see the county of
South Lancashire divided and 300,000 people, by a new
Act of Parliament, invested with the sarno amount of re-
Presentation ? But if South Lancashire may be thus
appealed to. what are they to say to Somerset and Devon,
and upon what intelligible principle, except that of the

fancied rivalries between counties and towns, which I think
a disorganising political principle—(cheers)— are-you to say
" I will take the 300,000 or the 350,000 people in Somer-
setshire, who have already four members, and divide them
and give them six members, and leave Liverpool with two
representatives ?" This is the way to provoke irritation
in the country and keep up the festeri.ag sense of injustice
which becomes so inconvenient at times, and which is
sure, sooner or later, and the sooner the better, to find a
remedy for itself in a country which, like this, exists under
free institutions. (Hear, hear.) But if we want an argu-
ment to confute the right hon. gentleman, what reply does
he make to tho precedent ho has himself given in the case
of Glasgow ? He asks us in the case of Glasgow to give
three representatives where now there are only two ; and
at the same time lays it down as a principle, that in the
case of Manchester and Liverpool the number of two repre-
sentatives is to be stereotyped, and no increase whatever,
under any circumstances, admitted. (Cheers.) It must
be recollected that the anomaly is very much greater even
than it appears; because although if you take the census
of 1861, with the figures of 440,000 both for Liverpool and
Somersetshire, the figures in Liverpool have increased long
before this far past 500,000, and will increase probably at
tho rate of 20,000, or 3§,000, or 40,000 a year for the time
to come, thereby necessitating some measure to bo taken
at an early day, unless we make at least some mod Tate
provision now in acknowledgment of claims so vast. The
inequality is still further to be aggravated by the proposi-
tion of the right hon. gentleman to enlarge the boundaries
of Liverpool in proportion to the extension of the
town ; so that unless we adopt the motion of my hon.
friend we shall be greatly aggravating the inequality and
injustice already existing. (Hoar, hear.) I am not willing
to detain the house at any length, and still less, in stating
my strong opinion of the necessity of such a moticn, to
enter upon topics which might seem to reflect upon any
portion of this house, or upon the house itself. The fair way
is to consider all that has been done in former times rests
on the responsibility of the house itself. But do not let us
deal with the question of redistribution as we dealt with the
question of the franchise. What was the history of the ques-
tion ? It was moderate demands, in the first instance, de-
clined and refused; wide and sweeping demands, in the last
instance, at length, under some apparent sense of necessity,
conceded. (Hear, hear.) If we propose a plan of redis-
tribution wholly inadequate to the necessities of the case,
lot us beware, lest by adhering to the undue narrowness of
our present schemes and conceptions, we bring about, as
we did in the case of the franchise, a necessity for greatly
extended change, and are some day surprised by the an-
nouncement that nothing remains but to launch at once
into electoral districts. (Cheers.) Last year, in the bill
which we introduced, and in respect to which I think no
one stated that the disfranchisement was too extensive, we
diminished, by 49 or 50 seats, the representation of small
boroughs. In the bill of the present year it is proposed to
diminish that representation only by 38 seats ; and yet we
have adopted a franchise this year so much larger than the
franchise of last year, that the fair inference would be that
some extension would be necessary in the corresponding
scheme of distribution, so as to give to your general work
the character of solidity and proportion without which we
cannot hope that it it will last. (Hear, hear.) It appears
to me that these considerations aro conclusive in favour of
the motion of my hon. friend ; and I regard it as an advan-
tage and recommendation of the motion that it will fairly
introduce the discussion of the plan which the hon. mem-
ber for Lambeth (Mr. Hughes) means to propose, and with
regard to which, without in the slightest degree giving an
opinion upon it, which would be premature, is one we must
all feel deserves careful and impartial attention. (Cheers.)
Lord CRANBORNE said if this motion were rejected it
would preclude them from adopting the amendment for
cumulative voting. He -was in favour of giving votes to
minorities. If he could not have that he should like to
have Mr. Cobden's scheme for dividing the constituencies
and giving one member to each. He supported the motion
because experience showed that, where there were three
\members, there were generally two on one side and one
on the other.

On a division the motion was rejected by 247 to 239.
Mr. LAING thereupon withdrew the remainder of the
amendment giving two members instead of one to certain
other boroughs.

Mr. A. MITCHELL moved an amendment, that every
borough which returns two or more members shall be di-
Tided into the same nnmber of districts as it returns mem-
bers, and that each district return one member ; but after
a discussion he withdrew it.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then moved
an addition to the clause constituting the parishes of
Chelsea, Kensington, and Hammersmith into a borough to
be called the borough of Chelsea, and that in all future
Parliaments such borough shall return two members.
Mr. AYRTON moved that Fulham be included, to
which the Chancellor of the Exchequer assented.
A discussion ensued, in the course of which Sir M.
Beach expressed an opinion that the metropolis was suffi-
ciently represented already, and objected to the City hav-
ing fcur members. Mr. Crawford and Mr. Goschon argued
that the City was fully entitled to four members. Mr.
Newdegate suggested that it would have been better to
have divided the county of Middlesex ; and tho Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer submitted that the City of London
was entitled by prescription to its four members, and said
that if they bad proposed to divide Middlesex it would
have been said that they wished to increase the represen-
tation of the landed interest. The population of Chelsea
and Kensington was strictly urban, and the Government
thought that representation should be given to so popu-
lous and wealthy a district.
The clause was agreed to.

In clause 12, which enacts that the Tower Hamlets shall
be divided, an amendment was inserted, on the motion of
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, enacting that the
boroughs of Merthyr Tydvil and Salford shall return two
members instead of ono in future Parliaments; but an
amendment by Mr. Powell to give an additional member
to Birkenhead and Swansea was negatived.
A lengthened discussion then took place on successive
motions by Mr. Beresford-Hopp and Mr. Laing that the
chairman report progress, which was negatived.
1 On clause 15, which gives a member to the University
of London,

The CHANCELLOR-of the EXCHEQUER moved an
amendment that the University of London and the Uni-
versity of Durham be one constituency.
Mr. CARDWELL and Mr. GOLDSMID objected to this junc-
tion of the two universities.

Mr. MOWBRAY defended the amendment, on the
ground that the London University was connected with
colleges all over the world, and with every description of
belief and non-belief.
Mr. LOWE said the University of London was not en-
dowed. It did not educate at all; but it matriculated and
examined students, and its degrees bad a very high repu-
tation, and it had nearly three thousand graduates, many
of them of the medical profession. The University
of Durham was endowed by the dean and chapter of Dur-
ham, and it was entirely a Church of England institution.
Ho was one of a commission to examine it a few years
ago, and nothing could be more painful than its state.
It was insolvent ;it had only about 30 students. No insti-
tution could be more different in every respect.
Mr. Liddell, Mr. Headlam, and Mr. Ingham advocated
the cause of Durham; and Mr. U. Duff opposed its being
I joined to the University of London.
A division was then taken on the question that the word
"university" stand part of the clause, which was negatived
by 183 to 169, which was tantamount to carrying the
amendment.

Mr. LOWE then, saying that the question was an im-
portant one to the University of London, and that the
division had not been expected to come on so soon, moved
that the Chairman report progress, but the motion was
negatived by 196 to 111.
The discussion on adjournment was continued for some
time longer, and in the course of it Mr. Denman strongly
protested against so great an institution as the University
of London being joined to so miserable an institution as
the University of Durham. Eventually it was agreed to
report progress, and further proceeding was accordingly
adjourned until this day.
The other orders were then disposed of, and the house
adjourned at 23 minutes past one.

divided, and double topsails introduced. This
enabled the commander to reduce at once half the
sail, and by the smaller dimensions of the canvas
more easily to handle it, but it added an extra yard
with all its gear and weight to the mast, thus at-
taining an advantage at a considerable cost. Hitherto
the most successful inventions to overcome the diffi-
culty were one of CUNNINGHAM, and another of
COLLING and PINKNEY. The first rolls the
canvas on the topsail-yard, which revolves as it is
lowered. But the sail requires a bonnet or middle
cloth. This patent has generally been adopted,
and the immense advantages derived have been
freely acknowledged by nautical men. The disad-
vantages are, however, obvious. ..rhe middle cloth
weakens the sail, and the apparatus being all on
the topsail yard brings the weight high up where
the ship is less able to besr it. When a crank ship,
struck by a squall heels over, the halyards on
being " let go" may not act, and therefore in the
worst emergency CUNNINGHAM'S invention may
fail. By MEDHURST'S plan the sail reefs at the
foot, and no middle cloth is required. The pro-
cess can be continued till the whole is rolled up,
therefore, it furls as well as reefs. Its action is
independent of any position of the ship, and there-
fore acts under all circumstances. As the weight
is at the foot of the topsail instead of at the head,
the ship gains in the ease given. The Army and
Nary Gazette thus speaks of this invention :
" When the sail is set, and it is required to be
reefed, it is only necessary to slack away or let go the
topsail halyards; the weight of the yard will in general
produce the rotation of the roller, and thereby reef
the sail ; but should the yard refuse to come down,
as may be the case when the ship is laying over, it
will then be necessary to haul on the down haul
tackle, which is fitted to the bight of the reefing
chains. When the sail is close reefed and has to
be furled, a hand must then be sent aloft to take
out the pin from the clasp and hook the traveller.
The traveller referred to takes charge of the yard
on its leaving the parral, and prevents it from
Swaying about during the time the sail is being
furled, or in setting a close-reefed topsail, in which
case also care must be taken to have the whip-
line made fast on deck to prevent the parral from
rising, until the pin referred to above is in the clasp,
the yard is then parraled, and the sail may be
set. Having explained the working of this in-
vention, and set forth the principal advantages of
the same, I will now proceed to describe the mode
of trussing and slinging the lower yard. By de-
parting from the old plan, and adopting the arrange-
ment shown in the model, I am enabled to remove
the one great difficulty; that is, the stay, by shifting
which I can reduce the height of the goosenecks, and
apply the intermediate supports to the rollers which
render the reefing apparatus complete and applic-
able to large ships. Leaving the reefing apparatus,
I wish to offer a few remarks on the new mode of
trussing and slinging the lower yard, which in
my opinion offers advantages where the reefing ap-
paratus is not used, as it admits of the topmast
being struck without having to unrig the lower
yard, and, as will be seen, the lower yard can be
braced up easier, consequently a saving of labour
in both cases is effected. It must also be borne in
mind that the most expensive part of the fore or
mainstay is dispensed with, which also effects
a saving of material and labour. As regards
the iron-work, it is composed of two separate
forgings, very simple and very strong, the par-
ticular shape of which may be modified as circum-
stances may require. The advantages of MEDHURST's
invention over that of COLLING and PINKNEY'S will
seem apparent, for the following obvious reasons.
In MEDHURST'S invention the apparatus for reefing
is arranged and fixed to the lower yard, so as to
give a fair lead to the reefing chains clear of all
rigging, with perfect control over the rotary power.
CALLING and PINKNEY'S apparatus is arranged on
the topsailyard, the whole weight of which has to
be hoisted in setting the sail, which is not only
very laborious, but places a vast amount of extra
weight aloft. As regards the reefing chains they
have not a fair lead, and do not work clear of the
rigging ; the general complaint is, that they break
the topmast crosstrees and chafe the topmast rig-
ging, also the clews of the topgallant-sail ; and,
what is of more consequence than all, they cannot
depend on reefing the sail quickly, having only an
indirect control over the rotary power. The
advantages of MEDnußsT's invention over CUN-
NINGHAM'S may be briefly summed up as fol-
lows : The weight of MEDnunsfs apparatus
is all at the foot of the topsail, it is self-reef-
ing and self-furling, and does not require a bonnet
or middle-cloth, the sail being whole. In CUN-
NINGHAM'S, the apparatus for reefing is on the top-
sail yard, and so arranged that the yard itself can
revolve and thereby reef the sail, but not furl
it—that must be done by the hands going
aloft in the ordinary way. The sail has a bon-
net, or middle cloth, which is always getting out of
order, by which many sails have been split and
ruined. As regards the weight aloft, it is about the
same as COLLING and PINKNEY'S."

If philanthropists were in the habit of going to
sea, and could themselves be spectators of what
sailors are called upon to endure in handling this,
the main stay of a ship, they would take a deeper in-
terest in the subject, and it is not likely that in such
an age of invention, MEIMURST'S contrivance should
only be discovered and tested in the year 1867.
Nor would it, when known, be practically tried
on a little brigantine, carrying a cargo of " notions"
to the pestilential coast of Africa. The subject.
should be ventilated by the Press ; for it concerns
more nearly the comfort of sailors, the dangers to
which they are exposed, and even the safety of
ships, than landsmen are generally aware of.—
nglo-Ameriean Times.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

Yesterday Aldershott camp was honoured by a
visit from the Prince of Wales, the Prince and
Princess Louis of Hesse, and Prince Arthur, when
a grand review of all the troops in garrison took place.
As announced in The Sun yesterday, the proposed
visit of their Royal Highnesses was announced by a
" Divisional After-Order" on Saturday night. The
scene of the review was to have been Caesar's Camp,
but yesterday morning this was countermanded, and
the Long Valley chosen. The troops formed on
their various parades at an early hour, and shortly
after 9_o'clock were marching across the common to
the scene of the review in the Long Valley. There
they were formed up diagonally across the valley
and facing the north, the Royal Horse Artillery,
five batteries mounting 30 guns, being on the right
of the line, the Military Train being in the rear, the
cavalry brigade next, two field batteries of Royal
Artillery next, then the Engineers, and, lastly, the
three brigades of infantry, the second being on the
left. The troops were massed in columns in this
position, the width of the valley not allowing of the
regiments forming line. By half-past 10 the regi-
ments were in position, and the order was given to
the cavalry and artillery to dismount and the infantry
to " stand at ease." At 11 o'clock Lieut.-Gen. the
Hon. Sir J. Y. Scarlett, K.C.8., commanding the
division, arrived, attended by a brilliant staff. The
General and staff having placed themselves in front
in centre of the line, awaited the arrival of the
Royal visitors, but at the same moment the escort
which had been provided (a troop of the 15th
Hussars) rode on to the field and joined the regiment,
causing many to imagine that the Royal party
were not coming. However, in a few minutes they
were observed riding slowly over the common
towards the troops. Arrived in front of the line a
Royal salute was given, the troops presenting arms
and the bands playing the National Anthem. The
Royal party consisted of the Prince of Wales, the
Prince Arthur, Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse,
the Duke of Cambridge, Commanding-in-Chief, and
his Serene Highness the Prince Teck. The Prince
of Wales, who wore the uniform of Colonel of the
10th Hussars, was attended by General Sir Wm.
Kuollys, K.C.8., Lieut.-Col. Keppel, Equerry, and
Col. Kingscote. In attendance on Prince Arthur
were Major Elphinstone and Capt. Pickard; on
her Royal Highness the Princess Louis of Hesse, the
Countess of Westmoreland and Lady Emily Kings-
cote ; on Prince Louis of Hesse, the Baron von
Westerweiler ; and on the Duke of Cambridge, Col.
Charles Tyrwhitt and Col. the Hon. R. W. I.

Curzon,C.B., Lieut.-Gen. Lord IV. Paulet, K.C.8.,
Adjt.-Gen., and Lieut.-Gen. Sir Hope Grant, Quar-
termaster-Gen., were also present. The Royal
party having inspected the various regiments by
riding up the front and down the rear of the line,
took up their position at the saluting point fir the
march past, his Royal Highness the Commander-in-
Chief taking command of the division. The divi-
sion marched past, the cavalry and Royal Artillery
and the field batteries in open column of squadrons
and batteries at a walk, and the infantry in open
colums of grand divisions in quick time in the fol-
lowing order :--Staff of the Division—Col. Newdi-
gate, Assist.-Adjutant-Gen., and Col. Herbert,
C. 13., Assist.-QuArterwaster-Gen. ; Lieut.-General
the lion. Sir James Yorke Scarlett, K.C.8., com-
manding the division. Staff of the Cavalry
Brigade Major-General E. C. Hodge, C. 13.,
commanding ; Col. Iluyshe, and A, B, C, D, and
E Batteries, C Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery ;
Col. Pattie, C. 8., and Ist King's Dragoon Guards ;
Col. Shute, and 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards ;
Col. Drury Lowe, and 17th Lancers ; Colonel Fitz
Wygram, and 15th (King's) Hussars ; C and II
Batteries, 9th Brigade, Royal Artillery. Pioneers,
bands, and drums of the Ist Infantry Brigade :
Major-Gen. Renny, commanding 3d company of
Royal Engineers ; Col. Lacy, and 56th (West
Essex) Regt.; Major Rice, and 72d (Duke of
Albany's Own) Highlanders. Pioneers, bands, and
drums of the 3d Infantry Brigade—Brigadier-Gen.
Sir A. Horsford, K.C.8., commanding; Lieut.-Cul.
Synge, and 43d (Monmouthshire) Light Infantry ;
Col. A. M. M'Donald, and 7th Rifle Depot Batta-
lion ; Col. Cooper, and 70th (the Surrey) Regt. ;
Col. Green, and 68th (Durham) Light Infantry.
Pioneers, bands, and drums of 2d Infantry Brigade
—Major-Gen. G. Campbell, C. 8., commanding ;
Col. Graham and Ist battalion 18th (Royal Irish)
Regt. ; Col. Wyatt, C. 8., and 65th (Second North
Riding) Regt. ; and Col. Browne, C. 8., and 44th
(East Essex) Regt. The cavalry and Royal Horse
Artillery then trotted past the saluting point, and
the review being over the order of battle was formed.
The division was supposed to be coming from the
north, and the enemy to have landed on the coast
and advanced as far as Caesar's Camp, which, with
the surrounding hills, be held, the whole being
fringed with artillery. To attack him the division
formed four lines facing south, the artillery being
the first line, the cavalry next, five infantry regi-
ments next in order, and four regiments in rear in
support. The cavalry sent out a long line of
vedettes, their right being supported by the batta-
lion of Rifles, who skirmished in the woods of Bick-
ley and Bourlay. On the right of the first infantry
line a field battery was in position on Long-hill,
(where the Royal party had proceeded to view the
sham fight), and on the left of the line was another
battery resting on Burn's Plain. The first line com-
menced the fight by an almost simultaneous dis-
charge from the right of each battery, which
had the effect of clearing the hills of the enemy's
skirmishers, and, under cover of the tremendous
smoke raised from the discharge of thirty guns
the cavalry made a dash towards the hill. How-
ever, they were repulsed, or they could not get
over the ground, for they suddenly retired, and
formed line in rear of the second line of infantry.
Meanwhile the Royal party had proceeded to the
high ground at the rifle ranges, where they were ex-
actly in front of the division. The infantry being
now the front line opened a rapid file fire, which
lasted several minutes, the artillery at the same time
pounding away at the enemy. His cavalry having
shown themselves in considerable numbers, the in-
fantry formed squares and gave them some rattling
discharges as they rock on them. Again the whole
forced retired, and file and volley firingcommenced,
which lasted for several minutes ; indeed, until the
ammunition was expended. The order was then
given for the infantry to return to quarters, and the
last act of the day was performed by the cavalry
making a magnificent charge from one side of the
valley to the other. This last was done by the
order of the Duke of Cambridge, as in the position
in which the troops had been fighting not more than
two regiments could stfely charge together. The
troops returned to quarters shortly after two o'clock.
Their Royal Highnesses rode on the ground simul-
taneously with the troops, and returned to town in
the afternoon. The field state of the division
showed that there were present at the review about
7,800 men of all ranks. There were a large number
of visitors present, the day was very fine, and no
casualty occurred.

The proceedings and findings of the district
courts-martial which recently assembled at Chatham
garrison for the trial of Privates Joseph Dunn, 30th
Regiment, and James Kirwin, 106th Regiment,
were yesterday promulgated to the troops. The pri-
soners were tried for desertion and making away
with their regimental necessaries. The prisoner
Dunn, who is a returned convict, has been tried by
courts-martial 15 times, and previously to his join-
ing the 30th Regiment had served in the 53d Regi-
ment, from which be had been discharged with igno-
miny. The prisoner Kirwin, who has been but four
years in the service, has spent two years and a half
of that period in prison, having been tried four times.
On one occasion he received 50 lashes. The Court
with sentencedthele
each
hrs of the prisoners to be branded
"8.C." and " D.," to be dis-
charged from the service with ignominy, and to be
imprisoned at the Military Prison, Rochester, for
336 days. _ _ _

Yesterday General Sir John F. Burgoyne, G.C. 8.,
Inspector-General of Royal Engineers, attended by
his Aide-de-Camp,
Capt. the Hon. George Wrot-
tesley, arrived at Chatham for the purpose of mak-
ing his summer inspection of the corps of Royal
Engineers at head quarters, Brompton barracks.
On his arrival at the Chatham station General Sir
themet district ; Col. J. L. A.
by Major-General F.
jSinuhrrnmaoylue,r°gCni°.Yßlnn.a,enddlva
iinregsctor of the Royal Engineer
establishment, and other officers, and proceeded
direct to Brompton barracks, where the corps of
Royal Engineors was formed on the Parade ground,
awaiting his arrival. Shortly after reaching head
grouoamrtse,rnsoSnir-ejonion
John Burgoyne inspected the barrack
officers' and men's quar-
ters, barrack rooms, architectural schools, halls of
study, and other portions of the Royal Engineer
establishment, in which duty he was engaged until
the afternoon, when, attended by a numerous staff,
he proceeded to Chatham lines. There the entire
force of Royal Engineers, forming ten companies,
and numbering about 800 men of all ranks, was
drawn up under the command of Col. J. L. A.
Simmons, C.B. General Burgoyne witnessed the
corps go through an extended course of movements,
in the course of which both officers and men ac-
quitted themselves satisfactorily. Last evening Sir
John Burgoyne was entertained by the officers of
the corps.

The following
appointments have been made at
the Admiralty : II Commander H. E. Crozier to the
Viper,commissioned ; Commander G. Robinson, to
be inspecting commander of the Coastguard ; Lieut.
A. F. Marescaux, to command the gunboat Orwell,
commissioned ;
Thomas 0. Joynson, paymaster, to
the Daphne; Adolph Hunter, assist.-paymaster, to
the Crocodile ; James G. Gordon, clerk, to the
Serapis.

[ADVERTISEMENT.)—Dyspepsia (Indigestion) Constipation, De-
bility, Consumption, and all nervous, bilious, stomach, and liver
complaints in every stage, are only aggravated and accelerated
by chugs of
every description, but perfectly curable by Du
Barry's health-restoring Revalenta, Arabica, Food, as proved by
thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless, such
as—cough, asthma, also diarrhoea, htemorrhoids, liver com-
plaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats,
diphtheria,
catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the head and
ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia,
irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpitation, heartburn, head-
ache, debility, dropsy, 'cramps, spasms, nausea and sickness,
even iu pregnancy or at sea,
sinking flts, bronchitis, scrofula,
tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach and
between the shoulders, &e. We quote a few : —The Pope's health
restored by Du Barry's Food. Cure No. 63,413.—" Rome, July
21, 1866.—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially
sicca, abandoning all other remedies, he has confined himself
entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he
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praise this excellent food too highly."—From the " Gazette du
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merchant, f 14 : i
r-ln
° laY Surrey, of bit 1 years' diseased lungs,
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Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of
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years' indescribable „agony from dispepsia, nervousness,
asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness and
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unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without
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12 lbs., •
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ARMY DRESS AND EQUIPMENTS.

Yesterday evening a long but very interesting
paper was read on this subject to the members of the
United Service Institution by Captain Walker, of
the 91st Regiment ; Lord Longford took the chair.
The theatre of the institution was unusually well
attended. It may be said at the outset that Captain
Walker's paper or address, which occupied nearly an
hour and a half in reading, condemned almost every
part of the dress and equipments of the English sol-
dier. The speaker said he was quite aware that argu-
ments of the same or almost even greater force might
be applied to the equipments of other branches of the
service, but on that he had not time to enter then.
Beginning, therefore, with the shako of the infantry
soldier, and following down almost every article of
his dress, he showed with unusual force and clear-
ness how both for sanitary reasons and reasons con-
nected with the freedom of movement of the soldier
almost all his uniform was wrong. The shako was
no adequate protection to the head in cold weather,
while in the tropics, where at least one-third of the
duty of the English army was done, it was absolutely
useless. The cap cover used in hot climates was
rather a recognition of the evils which the shako
caused than a means of avoiding them. Stocks, he
believed, were now so universally condemned both by
officers and men that it was almost needless to in-
veigh further against them. The trousers were made
too tight round the knee and thigh, and men split
them continually when out skirmishing and firing
from the knee.• The tunic was tight and had no poc-
kets, and the ammunition blucher boots were as
worthless as could well be conceived. Much of this
last-mentioned evil arose from the low contract price
paid for them—only Bs. 6d. a-pair. It was, however,
principally upon the knapsack that Capt. Walker
was most deservedly severe. The weight of the pack,
561 b., its stiffness, awkward fitting to the frame, and
the straps by which it was supported were explained
with force and clearness, which left no loophole for
doubt as to its total inadequacy for the present sys-
tem of military tactics, when rapid marches and
heavy weights of spare ammunition for the
breech-loader had become necessaries to cam-
paigning. At the recommendation of General
Eyre a committee had been appointed to ascertain
the best kind of knapsack used—French, Prussian,
Austrian, American, Italian ; in short, no less than
twenty were examined and reported upon, and of
this number the English knapsack was found to be
the worst of all. Yet to each and all of the foreign
models some objections more or less vital had been
established, and in the result the committee had
determined to devise one of their own which would
combine all the best merits of the foreign specimens
and as few as possible of their disadvantages. This
had been tried at the School of Musketry and other
camps, and had met the unanimous approval of both
officers and men. It was a leather kit bag, sus-
pended, not only from the waistbelt, but from
braces passing in front and behind the back, the
main weight resting on the hips. The great-coat and
canteen were worn above these on the shoulder, and
as a counterpoise to this weight behind the increased
rounds of ammunition aaad ammunition pouch were
carried in front. The relief thus afforded to the
soldier was immense. Still he thought a greater
improvement might be effected by what he called
" a bed kit," which would enclose a great coat and
kit in a 6f t. length of light waterproof cloth, to be
worn across the left shoulder, the ends coming
down under the right arm like a scarf. The sol-
dier, no doubt, did prefer this method, and both
Austrian and Prussian soldiers carried their great
coats, slung in that fashion. In addition to its
being light and waterproof, it afforded the soldier
the inestimable benefit of having a waterproof sheet
to sleep on when campaigning out on wet and damp
earth, and in the day it might be used in wet
weather as a kind of waterproof cloak while on a
march. In conclusion, Captain Walker said that
the attention of military authorities was now
thoroughly aroused to the importance of this sub-
ject, and there was little doubt that in a short time
the present restrictive uniform would be as much a
thing of the past as the pigtails of the reign of the
early Georges. The paper occupied so long a time
in reading that the remarks made upon it in the
very brief discussion which followed were limited
to an almost general expression of approval of
Captain Walker's improvements, and always
pointed to the necessity of some radical reform
being commenced in army uniforms, both cavalry
and infantry. Votes of thanks to Captain Walker
for his paper and to Lord Longford for presiding
brought the proceedings to a close.