The Sun.
London, England, 1833-11-27 00:00:00

but unfortunate patriots. No cause can be sa't'
to be lost whilst the principles of patriotism
remain fixed in the bosoms of its partisans, and
every attempt to uphold it, although apparently
useless at the time, may prove a step towards
the silent but gradual accomplishment of its
triumph. With this view we now give a synop-
sis of an article in the last number of Le
Polonais, a monthly work published in Paris
by Count 'PLATER, one of the most distin-
guished of the Polish patriots. The English
public, accustomed to religious toleration them-
selves, and to admire it in others, will, in this
condensed view of the persecuting spirit of the
Emperor NICHOLAs, perceive the determination
which he entertains to root out not only the
political freedom of the Poles, but even the
religion of their ancestors.
1. The suppression of the churches of Piles sjow, in
Volhynia, of the Calmadules at Pezaysc, in Lithuania, of
the church of the Capuchins at Winnica in Podolia, of the
church of Boremla, in Volhynia, of the church of the
Franciscans, and several other churches at Krzemieniec, in
Volhynia, and the substitution of the Greek form of wor-
ship in most of those places.
2. The following facts, among many others, show the
spirit of violation and spoliation in the Polish churches :
During the war of independence, the peasants, who had
taken refuge in the church of Oztniana, in Lithuania, and
the priests at the altar, were massacred beneath the roof of
that sacred building by Russian soldiers. At the forced
evacuation of the convent of Capuchins, at Winnica, in
Podolia, whilst the monks were pet forming their last ser-
vice, and a preacher was exhorting the congregation to
moderation and resignation, the convent was entered by
the Russians, who, with naked swords, fell upon the
people, dragged out the preacher, destroyed the pulpit, and
introduced Greek priests. The convent of the Daminicans
at Kraanobord was sacked on the 2d of June, 1831, and
its prior, la ho was 70 years of age, put to death by the
most horrible torture.
3. The Bishop of Worniakowski, of Lublin, impri-
soned, and dragro d from dungeon to dungeon, for an en-
tire year. The Bisbo )of Wilna exiled to Siberia. Twelve
priests, of Luck, in Volhynia, imprisoned and degraded
from their office, for administering the sacrament to
Polish prisoners, who were mortally wounded. All the
monks of the Convent of Pocz +jou compelled to serve as
private soldiers in the Russian army. The Abbe Szer-
scinski, a man of 60, and the Priest Dydkowski, con-
demned to the most rigorous punishment ;—the sentence
of the former commuted, however, by the Emperor, in a
decree, containing these words—" The accused, in consi-
deration of his great age, shall lose his nobility and his
fortune, and be sent to Siberia, where he shall serve as a
private soldier for the remainder of his days."
4. All private places of worship prohibited by ukase;
parents forbidden to educate their children by tutors not
previously examined and approved by the Russo-Greek
University of Charkow ; the children of Polish parents,
one of whom should be of the Greek religion, to be
brought up in the Greek faith ; all the Catholic semi-
naries, except that of Wilna, the ruler of which is a
creature of the Russian Government, suppressed ; no
Catholic priest allowed to deliver a sermon not previously
approved of by the Censors ; the Prince Sanku zko,
the pride and honour of his country, after having been
condemned to pass his days in the mines of Siberia, to
which he was compelled to go on foot, with his head
shaved, and attached to a file of criminals, denied the
consolation of a priest of his own religion before his de-
parture, with the observation that, being a serf of the
Emperor, he could no longer profess any other religion
than that of his master; several thousand children torn
from their parents' arms, and forcibly educated in the
Roman Catholic religion ; 500 of the 13),lish prisoners of
war, who had been sent to work in the dock yards at
Cionstadt, after having been forced by the authorities of
Prussia to return to Poland on the assurance of an am-
nesty, flogged daily, for several days, for refusing to work
on Sundays.

These are a few only of the persecutions of the
Autocrat of the Russias—of that humane and
benevolent Monarch, who caused Lord PAL-
MERSTON to be informed that the British Go.

vernment should be astonished at his clemency
and magnanimity. Behold the proof !

We have received Hamburg Papers to the
19th, and Frankfort Papers to the 22d inst.
Their contents are not important. The troops
of the Pacha of EGYPT arc stated to have com-
pletely routed the rebels in Candia. The dates
from Constantinople are to the 25th ult., at
which time the Ambassador appointed to the
Court of St. Petersburgh, on a special mission,
had left Constantinople with a numerous suite.
An article from Vienna states that the Con-
gress of foreign Ministers, which is to be held
at Prague in January next, will probably sit
for a month, under the Presidency of Prince
METTERNICH.

The New York Gazette of the 4th, contains
important intelligence from Jamaica. The dates
are to the 13th October inclusive, which is
nearly ten days later than the direct intelligence
received in London from that Island. The
House of Assembly met on the Bth of October.
The speech of the Governor, Lord Mtn,-
GRAVE, and the reply of the Assembly,
are stated to be mild and conciliatory,
but neither of these documents is given. The
discussion on the Slave Bill was expected to be
very warm, and the session generally stormy
but there was not that excitement in the
island which was expected. The slaves con-
tinued quiet.

The inhabitants of Dover are, we understand,
about to apply to the Duke of RICHMOND to

he allowed to participate in the advantages
derived by the metropolis from the recent ar-
rangement with the French Post-office. At pre-
sent a letter addressed by a resident of Dover to
Paris, is first brought to London, from whence

it is forwarded, there being no bag made up for
Paris in Dover; and the same delay is expe-
rienced in the receipt of letters from Paris. As
very little inconvenience, if any, would be sus-
tained by complying with the wishes of the
inhabitants of Dover, it is to be hoped that the
Duke of RICHMOND will, with his usual atten-
tion to the interests of the public, give orders for
the transmission direct of letters from Dover to
the French capital.

The Dover people also complain of the high
rate of postage from their town to Canterbury,
a distance of only sixteen miles, for which 7d.
is charged, whilst the postage to London, which
is seventy-two miles, is only Bd. At Margate
also there is cause of complaint against the
Post-office. A letter from Margate to Broad-
stairs, a distance of only three or four miles, is,
we are told, first sent to London. A similar
want of accommodation is experienced by the
inhabitants of Merstham, a village containing
several highly respectable inhabitants, on the
road from London to Brighton, and distant only
eighteen miles from the Metropolis. If a letter
is put into the Post-office at Brighton for
Merstham it is conveyed to London, although
the mail passes through that village, and is not
delivered until the second morning. These are
little details of affice hick ought to be attended

to, without plaguing that Postmaster-General ;
but, having directed the notice of his Grace to
the existence of these little derangements of a
machinery which is justly the admiration of
Europe, we trust he will not hesitate to rectify
them, and make the machine perfect.

The following paragraph has lately been going
the round of the papers :
" COURTSHIP IN AMERICA.-CobbAt says' The girls
are beautiful and un,ffected : perfectly frank, and, at the
same time perfectly modest ; but, when you make them an
offer of your hand, be prepared to give it—for wait they
will not. In England we frequently hear of courtship of
a quarter of a century ; in that anti-Malthusbin country,
a quarter of a year is considered rather lengthy!'"
COBBETT does say so, but CoBBETT does
not see or say how lovers in England are to be
put upon the happy footing they find themselves
in America. Why is it that young men in the
middle ranks of life in this country are slow
at offering marriage ? Why is it that our
young women are not forward in accepting it ?
Why do the first now so often prefer the vicious
indulgences of the metropolis to the pure hap-
piness of domestic life ? Why does the joyous
youth of the latter, buoyant with hope and life,
gradually subside into the haggard, peevish, and
disappointed old maid ? Why do both sexes
now look more to the pecuniary resources of
the objects of their choice than ever they did
before ? Are our girls less beautiful, less unaf-
fected, less frank, less modest, less fit to be happy
wives than the girls of America? Are our
young men insensible of their charms ? Are
they less enterprising, less industrious, less fit to
be the mates of such admirable women as the
English undoubtedly are, than the Americans ?
Are not the men and women of both countries
descendants of a common stock ? Can you
answer these queries, Mr. COBBETT ? Can you
tell us the cause of the comparison between the
situation of young people in America and Eng-
land being so much to the disadvantage of the
latter ? When you were a young man, that is,
a marrying man, the causes which make court-
ships " lengthy"now a days, were not so much
felt; but prudential considerations, you tell us,
made you delay your marriage for some years. In
case, however, you should think there was any
thing peculiar in your own case, ask all the
young unmarried men of your acquaintance why
they do not take a partner. We will venture to
say, that the answers of nine out of ten will re-
solve themselves into a complaint that they
" cannot afford to have a wife." Such an an-
swer to such a question is unknown in America ;
but why ? There, every man who chooses to use
his hands can obtain a superfluity of wholesome
food. That is not the case in England, and
" cannot afford to keep a wife," signifies that
the means of a comfortable or respectable live-
lihood are precarious, that profitable employ-
ment for willing hands is difficult to be found,
that there are many competitors for it,—in
short, that " the field of production" is not
extensive enough to take up the labour which
has accumulated in the market. Mr. COBBETT'S
grand recipes forour evils, if we mistake not, are
reduction of expenditure, and what he calls au
equitable adjustment. The first is a good thing,
but it has a limit : the second would be a rob-
bery, barely disguised under its hypocritical
name. We will suppose, however, the whole
of the National Debt to be spunged off, and
our taxes reduced by the whole amount of the
interest, what would be the consequence ? All
those who now live upon the interest of the
money they have saved would have to starve,
and those who borrowed it of them would be
relieved from the charge of supporting them ;
but this does not diminish the bulk of suffering
existing in the country. Supposing that no
shock was given to credit by an " equitable ad.
justment," which there inevitably would be, the
act would only be easing one class to burden
another. And the ease would not last long, for
many of the taxes would find their way into the
pockets of the owners of land and houses.
Where taxes were taken off which relieved in-
dustry, the people would be benefitted by an
extension of employment in that line of indus-
try; but this benefit would at best be limited
in amount, and would not be felt at all in the
shock which property would receive from such
a step as robbing the fundholders by means of
an " equitable adjustment." The question is
whether we have not the means in our power of
giving the future as well as the present genera-
tion boundless employment, and therefore the
means of almost boundless happiness. We have
capital, we have labour, all we want is a field in
which to employ them. The surface of our
cultivatable soil we are not able to extend, but
our manufactures admit of an extension which
would absorb every idle hand from the land's
end to John O'Groats. We are ready to manu-
facture, foreign countries are ready to send us
food, but Mr. COIBETT and his friends come
forward to forbid the exchange which both
parties desire. This is the secret of the
" lengthy" courtships of this country. This is
the secret of the difference between the happy
fate of American women, and the anxious care
or pining misery of our own.
G. 11

Treat hopes are entertained at Vienna of the
success of the proposed navigation of the Danube by
steam-boats, since, by the examination that has been made,
it seems that the river presents no obstacles below Bel-
grade. Count Stephen Szechengi, the author of a work
on Hungary, has the merit of conceiving the plan of
steam-boats between Pesth and Constantinople.
We have heard from various quarters that
the potatoe crop this season has been very defective, and,
in consequence, the price of this invaluable esculent has
been extremely high compared with the price of oatmeal.
Considerable purclives, at 9s, 6d. and 10i. per boll, for
the Newcastle market, have lately been made here and in
Brechin ; but, as the price has now fallen considerably in
the ports on the Tyne, there is a prospect that it will spee-
dily resume its natural level in this quarter.—Montrose
Review.

--NEWPORT, Nov. 23.—0 n Thursday morn-
ing eloped the daughter of a very respectable farmer, in
this Island, with a well known Lothario of this town, a
dealer in diamonds. On approaching the town, the fair
fugitive alighted from the gig of her admirer in order to
walk through to avoid all suspicion, but it so happened
that a relative of the young lady, a knight of the cleaver,
whose employment calls him up somewhat early in th*
morning, chose tie very read for his ramble which she
had taken. On discovering the mistake, she made what
is termed by sportsmen, " a double," which excited the
sporting propensity of the worthy knight, who
~
imme-
diate)
y gave " Yoik,—stole away. No further chase
was made, and, we understand, the happy pair made for
Stoke, near Gosport. where Hymen's chains were firmly
riTetted.