The Sun.
London, England, 1851-03-05 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING,

representation of the nation is alone able to master the
destructive elements beneath, and effectually to prevent
divisions between the liberal States of the Bund from
above. If we deprive the nation of its proper share in
its chief collective political government, we cannot hope
to reconcile it with the constitution of the Bund, and as
little can we hope to arrest the revolution in Germany.
In the course of time the old conflict will be renewed,
with all the powers of anarchy in and without the seve-
ral Chambers arrayed against the Central Government,
and I believe I do not deceive myself when I assume that
in the end this conflict will not be decided to the advan-
tage of our new political creation.
"In the above lines I have given your Highness a
sincere declaration of my political belief as to the
political re-organization of Germany. Either we can
govern in the several States without Chambers and
popular representation, or we cannot. If we cannot,
neither can we dispense with a similar representation
as the centre of the federative system, if we wish not
to produce a conflict, sooner or later, between the
newly-established Central Power and the disor-
ganized elements of the several State Diets, which would
divide the Confederation internally, and more and more
weaken it without. To maintain that a general Parlia-
mentary connexion is impracticable is, according to my
view of the question, equivalent to admitting that the
Bond itself can neither be adapted to the age nor
long upheld. Your Highness knows lam no friend
of improvised charters and modern political experi-
ments; but in political affairs T -like just as little
the introduction of or return to that which comes too
late or has outlived itself. As a Prince of the Con-
federation, I shall as conscientiously discharge my duties
to the new Bund as to the old one; hut as a German and
ruler of my land, I cannot recognise as satisfactory,
adapted to the age, or definitive, a revision of the Bund,
which does not sufficiently admit the just claims of the na-
tion to,s participation in its own great political destinies.
Luckily' I am old enough not to expect to live to see the
unavoidable consequences of all we are doing and
neglecting to do at this moment in Dresden.
" With assurances, &c.,
" WILHELM."

" S tnttgardt, Jan. 18.

ITALY.
We read in a letter from Rome of February 24 :
" General Gemeau'sfite was kept here last Thurs-
day. Many cardinals and Roman princes were
present, but retired early. The ball was very
brilliant. The first day of carnival, which began
on Saturday, was not remarkable for gaiety ;
Rome is, however, perfectly tranquil, and if the
weather prove favourable, there is every reason to be-
lieve that the carnival will be more splendid than last
year. The premium on specie continues to fall ;
trade is improving, and signs of increasing prosperity
begin to appear. A funeral mass was celebrated, and
a Te Ileum sung at the church of St. Louis, on this
day, for the 24th of February."
Private letters from Rome of the 22d ult. state that
Cardinal Antonelli is likely to retire, and that the
Secretaryship of State will be divided between two
cardinals, one of whom is to be entrusted with Fo-
reign, the other with Home Affairs. Cardinal An-
tonelli, however, will, it is supposed, continue in the
post of Prefect of the Palace, so that his influence
with the Holy Father would not be diminished in
the slightest degree.

STATE OF TRADE.
(From the Manchester Guardian of this day.)

MANCHESTER, TIIESDAY.—The termination- Of the

Ministerial crisis has removed the political pressure
which, in some degree, affected our market last week,
and, with the upward tendency of the raw material,
has encouraged the producers of some kind of yara to
take a somewhat higher stand than they did a week
ago, and rather added to the firmness of others. The
quotations are fully id. per lb. higher for 20's and 30's
water in the bundle; and also for pin-cops and warps;
in many instances, id. is demanded. The sellers
have found more inquiry, with an inelinatiou
for business among the buyers, which would have
been attended with greater actual results, if the pre-
vious rates had been accepted. A disposition has been
shown by the home consumers to add to their now scanty
supplies; and by the European merchants, to execute
such limited orders from the manufacturers and dealers
of Germany, Italy, and other parts of the continent, as
their deteriorated trade enables, and the fluctuating
slate of our market warrants them to send over. There
have not been any particular indications of business either

in yarns or goods from the India merchants, who have
not yet received their letters. The telegraphic statement
of the news by the overland mail, posted on 'Change
early in the forenoon, with the detailed accounts con-
taiaed in the newspapers, received at half-past two, have
not tended to promote but rather to check operations,
as they describe a worse state of trade both at Bombay
and Calcutta. The advices from Constantinople, re-
ceived this morning, represent the market as in-
creasingly depressed in yarns, prints, and gray
and white goods ; the merchants hero have, therefore,
Flown less inclination to purchase than before. The
present restricted buying on the part of the Greeks is
mainly in connexion with Alexandria. Altogether, the
day's transactions in goods have been on a limited
scale; there prevails, however, a general firmness in
prices; and the sales of 40-inch shirtings effected within
the last few days on China account have rather added
to the value of those articles.

ROCHDALE, MONDAY.—We have had another dull
market to-day; few pieces were sold, and those at re-
duced prices. There has been little or nothing doing in
wool ; those manufacturers who hove purchased have
giver, less money ter it.
MACCLESFIELD, TUESDAY.—The 'demand for manu-
factured goods has not received any impulse since our
last ; the wholesale houses still demurring to give
any advance on the prices of last year. Should this
feeling continue, we fear that many more operatives
will be thrown out of employment. The thrown silk
market remains in the , same inanimate state as quoted
for some time past. Notwithstanding this continued
flatness, we do not bear of prices having given way in
the least. The dyers are again very slack of work.
The raw silk market remains firm, with, however, very
little business doing.
HUDDERSFIELD, TUESDAY.—We had but slight hopes
this morning of any business being done; in our market
to-day ; and, indeed, our expectations were realized
up to ten or eleven o'clock, as nothing was done before
that hour. But after the resumption of office by the
late Ministers became generally known, business took
a change and began to be brisk nearly at once ;
and indeed a very good trade has been generally done,
bat more especially amongst the lighter quality of
woollens and fancies for the spring trade. Mixtures
have been inquired for. In the wool trade it has been
flat, though the dealers are more opan for bargains than
they were a fortnight since.

HALIFAX, SATURDAY.—The uncertainty that thongs
over our domestic politics, and the increasing depression
in every branch of the wonted trade, make amost every
one unwilling to enter upon any operations, either in
wools, in yarns, or in manufactured goods; and prices
may be considered as almost nominal.
LEEDS, TUESDAY.—Thero is no change to notioein
the woollen trade since our last report. The markets
have been dull at the Cloth Halls, both to-day and
Saturday last. Prices unaltered, and stocks are not heavy.

THE FINANCES.
(From the Derbyshire Courier.)
" Most people," says our politic contemporary, the
7 ime.s, " are now agreed upon the conclusion that Go-
vernments rise and sink, thrive or decline, in accordance
with the success or failures in the ar.iministration of
the public finances." Now this is a proposition
which we are by no means prepared to dispute.
Tne head of a family may be liberal, learned,
scientific, full of enlightened views and patriotic
aspirations, but if the finances of his establishment are
suffered to fall into confusion, his liberality fails to pro-
vide just remuneration for his dependants, his learning
and science are rendered inoperative, and all his en-
lightenment fails to secure the comfort, happiness,
and respectability of " those of his own household."
As it is with a family, so it is with a nation.
And, therefore, it is of the highest importance that a
country, and especially an old, a thickly-populated,
commercial, and deeply-indebted country, should pos-
sess, at least, one able financial Minister. No one will
accuse the late Chancellor of the Exchequer of
being this very desirable national functionary—a
good financier. Finance does not seem to have
been the forte of the late Ministry, and certainly
a more unsatisfactory, feeble, do-nothing Budget was
never intruded on the patience of a Parliament, than
that of Sir Charles Wood. It, doubtless, has ba-
nished him from office, and accelerated the downfall of
the Ministry which he encumbered with his assistance.
His refusal to adjust the income-tax, so as to
make an equitable distinction between the income
derived from personal exertion and professional
energy, and that derived from realised capital,
decided his fate. When, in 1842, after an ineffectual at-
tempt to raise the income of the country up to its ex-
penditure, it was sagely proclaimed that "indirect taxa-
tion had reached its limit," and with a deficit of upwards
of ten millions, the nation, in despair, submitted to the
imposition of an income-tax, which Peel assured them
was the only means of escaping from their embarrass-
ment, the country was too glad to get out of its
difficulties to inquire minutely into the means of
relief. But after the experience of some years, and find-
ing, moreover, that what was accepted only as a tempo-
rary expedient, is likely to become a permanent impost,
it is natural that all who pay this tax should insist
MI its being equitably apportioned. There would
have been, we conceive, no real difficulty to
a man of business in doing this. But difficult
or not, the country expected that it should be at-
tempted ; but this expectation the Chancellor
disappointed, and hie whole plan was weakness itself.
The country, as Mrs. Malaprop would say, does not ad-
mire the " ineffectual" qualities in a Chancellor, They
had hired him, and found him wanting. .2V ex quovis
1.,,1GN0 Mercurius fit. But where are we to look for the
octionmt riyn gs'o' advertise Chancellor?
(our
Wouldpaper is
annoetxbeell
ewenetllinfeodriuthme
fir
advertisements")
for a Chancellor of
it must be sober, and
business active, and understand his
. Ho will be required to modify
the income-tax,
so as to give Eatisfaction to everybody.
millions or so off malt, and
Put it on To take five
something to which
nobody can object. lie must be prepared
to give up the
wiedovv-tax, paper, tee, se p,
stamps, lane-tax, hop
the Particulars may be se -
duty, with others of which
at tee office. And lastly, he must so contrive thattehile
agriCtiltaral interest may, in some way or other, be in-
demnified fur a loss of some fifty millions by the fall of
And, when not better engaged, prices. he will be ex-
pected to
devise a plan for paying off the National
Debt.
Lord Stanley, it seems, has engaged to do his best to
form a Ministry—and we hear, from excellent authority,

that be has full power ! But no remedy which does
not go to the very root of the financial evil, will meet the
exigencies of the country. We have seen Ministry after
Ministry baffled by the state of the public finances;
then what, we ask, would be done, if we should be
forced into a war? We must then return to Pitt's sys-
tem—improved as much as you please—of a represen-
tative paper money. And by this means only can we
fight against the national indebtedness, against the dis-
tress which periodically pervades our agriculture, our
commerce, our manufactures, and against the in-
creasing requirements of our teeming population. One
Ministry may fall, and another rise, but we base our pre-
diction for the future on the experience of the past, when
we say that, without a real reform of the monetary
system, no Ministry, Protectionist or Free-trade, Whig
or Tory, can permanently retain office.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN
THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 185
Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious Diseases ..
Diseases of Uncertain Seat ...
Tubercular Diseases
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses...
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels ..
Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration ... 2S
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion... ••• .. ...
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. •• ...
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c.
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &o.
Malformations... ~. ~, ~, „.
Premature Birth ~, ~, „ ~,
Atrophy ... ... ... ... ...
Old Age ... ... ... ... ...
Sudden ... ... ... ... ... ...
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance
Causes not specified ...

•223
... 55
... 190

... 71
... 9

... 22
... 46

... 29

DEATHS FROM ILL CAUSES ... ... 1,148
Population Deaths in oorre- Deaths
Enumerated, sponding week in the
1841. of 1850. Week.
West Districts... 301,189 . . 139 ... 175

North Districts.. 376,568
Central Districts 374,199
East Districts ... 393,067
youth Districts.. 503,346

Totals... ..... 1,948,369

.. 159
167
~. 191
~. 240

Males ...
Females ...

Males
Females

... 264
... 204
... 234
... 271

896

... 1,141
... 580
... 568

BIRTHS IN THE WEEK.

... 784
... 807

Total ... ... 1,591
*ln this number are included 19 by Scarlatina, 3
by Typhus Fever, and 17 by Diarrhma.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF LORDS, March 4.
The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the Woo;
sack at Five o'clock.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
(From the London New Price Current, March 4.)
COCHINEAL.—This afternoon there was little desire to
operate in Cochineal, and of 234 bags at sale a small
part only sold at Id per lb decline; Honduras, silvers
went at from as 4d to as 9d, black ordinary and good
as 8d to 4s 2d; Teneriffe 3s 5d to 3s 7d, black 3s 8d to
as 9d; Mexican black as 7d to 3s Bd.
Irsnrco.—Only trifling purchases were made in East
India by shippers and home dealers; and some parties
are dieposed to sell under the last quarterly sales' rates.
The stock of Esat India is the same as last year, and
deliveries are 1,500 chests less. Spanish has been
operated in with caution at from 3s 6d to 4s per lb. A
public sale of 500 serons Guatemala is declared for
Tuesday next.

OILS.—In Seal larger transactions have taken place,
together with an advance ; pale selling at 341 to 351,
and other descriptions at 31/ to 331 per tun.
Southern is operated in with more freedom;
prices are also better, ruling at from 311 to 331 10s
for common to fine. Cod is not to be obtained under 381.
In Sperm holders are firm, and require 841 to 85/ for fine
British. Headmatter is scarce, and wanted at 921 to 961
per tun. Linseed Oil is firm at 33s 6d per cwt on
the spot. A good business has been concluded for
delivery at 33s 9d to 345, and with not free e.,llers.
Rape Seed 0,1 has further declined; Foreign Refined
selling at 35s 6d, British 34s 6d to 355, and brown 33s
to 33s 6d; a lair business, however, has been concluded.
For Olive trade is not brisker; and Gallipoli is to be
obtained at 42110$ to 431, other descriptions 40/ lOs to
421 per tun. There is still a firm market for
Palm, and with a fair business doing; fine realized 29s
to 29s 6d. Although rates are moderate for Cocoa Nut,
only small parcels have been sold at from 28s to 31s for
Ceylon and Cochin.
TALLow.—Russian on the spot has been in good re-
quest, and there has been an advance; fine new yellow
Candle selling at 37s 9d to 386 3d, and old at 37s 3d to
37s 6d per cwt. Operations for delivery are, however of
little moment; but the rates demanded for next
two months are 37s 6d to 37s 91 for new, and
38s 9d to 39s for last three months of the year. A
large business has been concluded in home melted, but
the price is still 37s net cash. Of Australian 560 casks
at auction were sold at from 34s 6ci to 38s for common
to fins; 300 pkgs South American 35s to 37s 6d; 50
casks old P. Y. Candle 37s to 37s 6d; but 40 casks
Odessa Sheep were taken in at 37s 6d per cwt. For
auction 1,000 pkgs of Tallow are declared.

THE LONDON GAZETTE, March 4.
WHITEHALL, FEB. 22, 1851.
The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent
to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity
of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland unto Arthur Baron de Freyne, and the heirs
male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style,
and title of Baron de Freyne, of Coolavin, in the county
of Sligo, with remainder, in default of such heirs male,
to his brother, Fitzstephen French, Esq., and the heirs
male of his body lawfully begotten.
DOWNING-STREET, MARCH 1.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to give orders
for appointing
The Right Honourable Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer,
K.C.8., her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minis-
ter Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, to
be an Ordinary Member of the Civil Division of the
First Class or Knights Grand Cross of the Most Ho-
nourable Order of the Bath.
Lord Bloomfield, C. 8., her Majesty's Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Emperor of
all the Russias,
Lord Cowley, C. 8.. her Majesty's Minister Plenipo-
tentiary on a Special Mission at Frankfort,
George Nicholls, Esquire, C. 8., late Secretary to the
Poor-law Board,
The Right Hon. Sir Henry Welkin Williams Wynn,
her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni-
potentiary to the King of Denmark,
The Honourable William Temple, her Majesty's En-
voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the
King of the Two Sicilies,
The Honourable Ralph Abercromby, her Majesty's
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
the King of Sardinia,
to be Ordinary Members of the Civil Division of the
Second Class or Knights Commanders of the said Order.
James Macaulay Higginson, El., Governor and Com-
mander-in-Chief in and over the island of Mauritius,
The Honourable John Duncan Bligh, her Majesty's
Envoy Zxtraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
the King of Hanover.
Henry Southern, Esq., her Majesty's Minister Pleni-
ponentiary to the Argentine Confederation,
The Right Honourable Thomas Wyse, her Majesty's
Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of Greece,
James Hudson, Esq., her Majesty's Envoy Extra-
ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Emperor
of Brazil,
George Lloyd Hodges, Esq., her Majesty's Consul-
General in the Circle of Lower Saxony, and for the
Free Cities of Hamburgh, Bremen, and Lubeck, and
Sir James Meek, Knight, late Comptroller of the
Victualling and Transport Services in the Admiralty,
to be Ordinary Members of the Civil Division of the
Third Class or Companions of the said Most Honourable
Order.

ADMIRALTY, FEB. 26.
Corps of Royal Marines—Colonel Second Command-
ant Abraham Henry Gordon to be Colonel Commandant,
vice Fergusson, retired on full pay; Lieutenant-Colonel
Hugh Mitchell to he Colonel Second Commandant, vice
Gordon, promoted; Captain and Brevet Major Charles
Fugen to be Lieutenant-Colonel, vice Mitchell, promoted;
First Lieutenant Andrew John Buckingham Hambly to
be Captain, vice Felten, promoted ; Second Lieutenant
George Le Hurdy Burlton to be First Lieutenant, vice
Hambly, promoted.