The Sun.
London, England, 1834-01-14 00:00:00

SPAIN.

MADRID, JAN. I.—lf called upon to judge of the state
of the country from the joyous aspect of the paseos of
Madrid, it would not be easy to infer that the Court is
agitated with cabals, and the provinces involved in insur-
rection. No alarm is felt, no fear is shown. Don
Carlos is scarcely thought of, and if noticed at all, it is
bnt to be sneered at and despised. It is an instinctive
feeling, which you cannot trace to Biscay or Valencia, but
which tells you as plain as words can express that war ie
at hand, to which you must ascribe these premonitory
symptoms. The Royal review, which has taken place this
morning on the heights to the north of the city, has afforded
a fresh opportunity for their development. The whole
of the garrison was assembled, amounting, all arms in-
cluded, to at least 14,000 men. The day is the finest
of the season. As yet we have had no day without sun-
shine, and in a January sun no cold is felt, although we
are her e more than 20,000 feet above the level of the sea
The whole population of the city had issued at an early
hour from the gates of Santa Barbara, Les Pczas de Is
Nieve, and Fuenearral. The little Queen, the Queen
Roger t, and indeed all the members of the Royal Family,
were received with that habitual respect which is ever
paid in this country willingly, but not boisterously, to the
possessors of sovereign power. Every class of the com-
munity was there, from the proud but courteous grandee
in his coach as old as the monarchy, to the humblest
pedestrian. The equipages of the diplomatic body were,
of coerce, the most brilliant, not a few of them affording
unequivocal signs of a Long-acre origin. But, apart from
the soldier-like appearance of the troops, the most ani-
mated part of the spectacle consisted in the rapid and
fanciful evolutions of the young gallants of the city, all
striving to emulate each other in feats of horsemanship,
and to exhibit the points of their Andalusian barbs in
presence of all the youth and beauty of Castile.
To insure a certain unity of action among the new
provincial functionaries, los subdelegados principales de
fomento, the Miniver of the Interior, Don Xavier de
Burgos, with the approbation of the Queen Regent, has
issued a code of instructions for their government. In
Illto preamble to the code the new functionaries are de-
scribed as the immediate agents of the prosperity of the
kingdom, and as specially charged with the protection of
every legitimate interest. The instructions are arranged
uneer the following heads :-1, agriculture; 2, manu-
factures ; 3, commerce; 4, mines ; 5, municipal insti-
tutions ; 6, general police ; 7, public education ; 8,
economical associations ; 9, hospitals and other charitable
institutions ; 10, prisons and houses of correction ; 11,
religious fellowships and confraternities; 12, roads and
canals ; 13, public libraries and museums; 14, theatres
and public amusements; 15, fires, inundations, and earth-
quakes; 16, the chase and the fisheries; 17, territorial
division, and statistics; 18, depopulated districts ; and,
19, general provisions.
Agriculture is stated in these instructions to be in a
most deplorable condition, in consequence of the present
low price, and the constant decrease in the value of the
produce of the soil. The subdtlegados will, of course,
have to deal with the causes of this depression, peculiar
to their respective localities; and it is to such local causes
that the Minister has been most anxious in directing his
instructions. To judge from the remedies proposed, the
evil must have assumed every possible variety of form.
A large proportion of them may be classed under the term
" privilege," which here, as elsewhere, is something given
to one part of the community, at the expense of their
fellow citizens. Sometimes it is provided in favour of a
particular agricultural district, that nothing shall enter a
town or city, within its limits, but what has grown
upon its soil. In other places, the city has the privilege
of preventing the exportation of the produce of a certain
territory around it. To obviate these evils, it appears
that a commission has just been appointed to examine
the laws on the subject of these restrictions and mo-
nopolies, and to suggest the means for their modifi-
cation or removal. A separate commission is also to
be appointed, to inquire into the propriety of abo-
lishing those public granaries which were established
for providing against seasons of scarcity when sound prin-
ciples of political economy were little understood. The
means proposed for arresting the deterioration in the race
of sheep, the produce of which was formerly so great a
source of wealth in this country, are not likely to be at-
tended with equal effect, because the evil is less under
legislative influence or administrative control. The wools
of England, France, and Saxony, are known to be now
superior to those of Spain, and it is to be feared that the
entreaties and exhortations, the authority and the exam-
ple, the premiums and rewards recommended in these in-
structions, will not do much to recover the loss which
this country has sustained in its breed of Merinoes. It is
strongly impressed on the subdelegates in allusion to the
system of irrigation at one time so general in this country,
that water is the blood pf the land, and that in the
canals for its distributions lie the life and prosperity of
agriculture. It is only, however, by the application of
capital is a very considerable amount, and a combination
of individaal exertions to an extent which has long been
unknown in this country, that the course of rivers can be
arrested, and reservoirs constructed such as those which
existed in the time of the Moors. When Spain
shall have been regenerated under the new sys-
tem of M. de Burgos, who seems to contemplate no-
thing short of a revolution, foreign capital may be at.
tracted to the country, and the spirit of association may
be engendered among the natives. The thirsty soils of the
south may then be covered with verdure, as in the days
of the Saracen., the marshes of the north be drained, and
the waste lands restored to cultivation. On this subject,
on the rights of common pasturage. and on the mode of
fixing the boundaries between coterminous proprietors,
new laws are now promised, which if conceived in the
spirit of these instructions must be attended with the best
possible off.-cts. The subdelegates are directed to offer
every possible encouragement to the growth of timber, the
want of which, for the purposes of fuel, buildine, and
irrigation is severely felt in this country. The culture of
silk is also treated as an important branch of agricultural
wealth, and as tending to promote both domestic industry
end foreign commerce. In many parts of Spain the cul-
tivation of flax and hemp is obstructed by the want of the
tanning streams which are necessary to its preparation.
'The Minister recommends the introduction of the dry pro-
cess, by means of machinery, and in this, as in other in-
stances, he evidently means that his new subdelegates are
AO be so many schoolmasters, whom he sends abroad to
instruct the people net merely in a theoretical knowledge
of the useful arts, but in their local and practical applica-
tion. Allusion is also made to the possibility of raising a
number of exotic productions, experience having proved
the possibility of introducing several important articles and
naturalizing them to the climate. It is stated that 25 years
ago cotton was produced in Granada to the annual value
of 12,000,000 reels, and that a few years earlier an equal
annual value was raised in sugars. The cotton and sugar
district extends, it is said, along 40 leagues in breadth of
the southern coast, sufficient, in the opinion of the Mini-
ster, to provide for the whole consumption of the peninsula.
The culture of coffee on a large scale, of the cochineal
plant, and of indigo, is also strongly recommended. The
a4vice thus given is extended to natural productions not
strictly exotic, such as those which grow at present in
Spain, but in different latitudes of the kingdom. It is pro
nosed, for instance, that the plants and trees of the north
should be naturalized in the centre and south, however
difficult it might be to proceed in the inverse ratio ; and
on this, as on all other mutters, when the sub-delegates
find that their powers are not sufficiently extensive, they
are directed to apply to the Queen's Government for their
enlargermi`nt- The first of the general provisions amounted
to this--that they are not in any case to order or prohibit
what is not ordered or prohibited by law, by a decree of
the Queen, or by the special instructions of the 'Minister.
The new functionary, therefore, is neither to be vested with
the arbitrary power of the Captain-General, nor is he to be
permitted to exercise that power by the Viceroy's delegation.
In the official statement of the affair at Guernica, from
which the account contained in my last was taken, some
interesting circumstances are said to have been omitted.
It appears that the Baron de Solar, with his troops, was
allowed to enter that town without opposition : a circum-
stance which induced him to believe that the place had
been abandoned. Ile had, in consequence, ordered his
men to pile their arms in one of the streets, and was far
fa, om suspecaing any danger, when a tremendous fire was
maidenly opened upon his troops by the rebels from the
windows and tops of the houses. It is added that the in-
habitants; and even the women, of the place took part n
this attach, which was made not only with fire-arms, but
with stones and every kind of missile. After suffering
considerable loss, the Baron was forced to evacuate the
town ; but he immediately returned, and attacked, and
took the place in the manner described in the statement of
the Gazelle. The foregoing particulars, however, have
been entirely suppressed. The Biscayans have a super-
stitious kind of respect for the town of Guernica. It was
the cradle of their liberties, and the place where their
forefathers, sitting under the fsmous tree (Atbol de
Guernica), which is, or was, not long since, to be seen
there, formed the charter of rights which they still enjoy.
They seem to have the same reverence for it as the Par.
thistle bad for the spot where the hones of their fathers
were deposited. It is, therefore, no wonder that, believing
as they do those rights to be in danger, they should have
made there so desperate a stand.
137 letters (rem Salamanca, under date 28114 December,

we learn that the Count de Negri, who had been con-
demned to imprisonment for a certain number of years as
a conspirator against the rights of the young Queen, and
who had escaped from confinement, was arrested on the
frontiers of Portugal, not far from the city above-mentioned,
by the alcade of a village, who recognised him just as he
was about to effect his evasion into that country. He was
disguised in the dress of a muleteer, and was conducting
two mules laden with cloth. He is now again a prisoner
in Ciudad Rodrigo.
The Queen's favourite, Teresita, the milliner, has at
length come to the end of her career. She has lost the
favour of her mistress, and been banished from the Court.
To add to her misfortune her effects have been sealed, and
an inventory is to be made of the whole before any of them
are delivered.

rittex, OF STOCK- TH I
Bank Steer 212 13
3 per Cent. Red. 8836 9 8%
3 per Cenr.Cons. BBl4 %A
336 per Cent
Ditto Red 971P4 7
New 3% per Cent 96% % %
rer Cent. Ann. 1773 -
4 per Cent. 1826 lO3 %
Bank Lonz Ann. to expire
Jan. 5, 186' al7 1-16
Oct. 10, 1859
Jan. 5, IESO .:16 11-16 %
Jan. 5, 1880
Aprils, 1880 -
Jan. 5, 1870

PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS
Austrian Bonds 98% 8
Belgian Bonds c3i4
Ditto Account 96%
Brazilian Bonds 6B
Ditto Account 68
Buenos Ayres Bonds —
Ditto Account 2114
Chilian Bonds —
Ditto Account M',4
Columbian Bonds 19%
Ditto Account
=

Ditto Bonds, 1824
Ditto Account 22
Danish Bon 3 73%
Ditto Account 73%
Greek Bonds
Ditto Bonds, 1825.
Ditto Account —
Mexican Bonds, 5 per cent Q 9
Ditto Account

DIU 0, 6 per cent f!SU
I)itto Account '38%
Neapolitan.-- .............. 89

PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAT AT ONE O'CLocr.
Paid. Per Share.

Alten Mining Company £7
Anglo Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm ) £lOO
Bolanos Mining Company £l5O
Brazilian Mining Company £s
Brazilian Imp. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) £2O
Ditto National 22%
Ditto St. John Del Rey
Cata Branca Mining Company 3%
British Iron Mininv Company £so
Columbian Mininf, Co. this at 5/. pm.) 51%
English Mining Company 12%
General Mining Association l2
Hibernian Mining Co £lo
Mexican Mining Co. £4B
Real dcl Monte Mining Co.— (unreg.)
United Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 21. pm.) 40
Ditto New Scrip 5
Alliance Fire Insurance Comp. lO
National Provincial Bank of England 5