The Sun.
London, England, 1851-05-05 00:00:00

MONDAY EVENING. MAY 5, 1851.

. _
SPORTING NOTES.
No Xi.VIII.
THE NEWMARKEI SECOND SPRING MEETING.

TO THE SECRETARY OF THE BRADFORD
Iti.E FORM. ASSOCIATION.
(EVERY MONDAY AND WEDNESDAY.)
edie alley the 30th or AO!, it wan, re-
solved to address the Crown to issue a Proclamation for
the discovery and apprehension of individuals charged
with illegal proceedings at the St. Alban's election.
Such a process is not without effect; for it in all proba-
bility interrupts the worldly affairs of the parties impli-
cated, and when they return to society must send them
with recollections attached, which in the most corrupt
borough will be of the nature of punishment.
On Thursday the Ist of May, the second reading of
the Oath of Abjuration (Jews) Bill was carried by the
small majority of 202 against 177. The case was only
imperfectly argued, but still there was enough to show
that the honest opinion was making progress. The
bigot party went the length of affirming, that if they
were a minority as for instance might be a few Chris-
tians in a country generally Mohammedan, they should
decidedly wish and seriously desire, that the Govern-
ment should be of the kind which would carry most
weight with it in the country, that is to say, that it
should be exclusively Mohammedan, and no Christian
be allowed to sit. A ludicrous instance of the extent
to which men will carry fictions in favour o' their own
prejudices. Can there be any doubt that if these worthy
Christians were in the situation they suppose, they would
swiftly discover that because they were a minute minority,
was the precise reason why they should at all events
have the power of representing their case, which the
presence of a minute minority can afford?
An instance in point, after doing away with the mis-
representations thrown about it, is presented by a Peti-
tion signed by 456 British Jews in London, against the
provisions of a proposed Metropolitan Sunday Trading
Bill, which are opposed by many Christians as unneces-
sary and oppressive. They state that in obedience to
their own religion they conscientiously abstain from
trading during sixty-six days in the year; and they
represent that if the Bill now before the House be passed
into a law, it will add fifty-two days more, and thereby
prevent the Jewish community from earning a livelihood
for four mouths in the year out of the twelve.
Now is it possible to deny, that if the tables were
turned and Christians were the minority, it would be
held a hardship it in addition to fifty-two days in the
year and perhaps more, in which they consider them-
selves bound to abstain from their worldly callmge,
they were obliged to add the sixty-six days of the Jewish
ritual; and that they would at all events be justified, in
doing what has been done here, petitioning against an
enactment which they find many of the dominant majority
also opposing as injurious? And if Christians might
reasonably do this, why should not they also desire to
have representatives in the legislative assembly, in
proportion to their numbers or property as allowed to
other citizens? And still more if the fact were, that
they had no visible prospect of sending representatives
elected by themselves, but must solely depend upon such
Christian representatives as the dominant party might
chuse to send for reasons of their own? If a day conies
when men shall be judged by the test of having done as
they would be done to, there will be sharp inquisition
for this.
On Friday Mr. Hume made his motion in Committee,
for filling up the blank in the Property Tax Bill with
" one year " and carried it by 244 against 230. A
strange policy, out of which the only hope of extracting
final good, seems to be in the chance that the Free-
Traders of the community may be roused to the way in
which their enemies are closing the toils around them.
Here are the Protectionists declaring in Parliament,
that their object is to prevent the settlement of an Income
Tax in order to replace it with " taxes on foreign pro-
duce," and with this before his eyes an avowed friend of
Free Trade and supporter of direct taxation in preference
to indirect, holds out to them the invitation and the op-
portunity to join. A good deal may be attributed to the
inability to see that the stock argument on the unfair-
ness of the Income Tax on what are called perishable in-
comes, depends on its being assumed to be temporary.
And yet the declared advocate of au Income Tax as per-,
petual as the Mutiny Act, makes his stand upon the
inequality arising out of its not being perpetual. It
anybody maintains, that of two men of the same age and
value of life, to one of whom his father has left a medi-
cal practice of a thousand a year, and to the other a
thousand a year for his natural life out of his father's
savings in the medical profession, the first should be
taxed at a lower rate than the other, let this case be put
and argued. But this is not the case as commonly put,
and on which the cry of unfairness is raised against the
Income Tax. And everybody moreover knows that if it
were put, there would not be the remotest chance of ever
carrying it against the powerful influence of the holders
of property in perpetuity.
The Member fur the West Riding saw distinctly the
danger, and proclaimed it with energy and effect.
But it was all too late. The courage of the Protectionists
in the House of Commons has been allowed too much
accumulation, to be put down at will. The Protectionists
under the leadership of an avowed Free Trader, have
got rid of the obstacle a three years' Income Tax
would have presented to their calling out next year for
the renewal of a Bread Tax. A huge and a magnificent
step, the effect of which nothing can obviate or take
away, unless it should chance to rouse the sleeping in-
,erests of commerce to a timely defence.
I am, Sir, yurs very sincerely,
lAN OLD REFORMER.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN,
Six,--The" list "defalcation in St. Martin's-lane is a much
greater one than I imagined ; I stated the amount last week
at seven or eight thousand pounds. It turns out, however,
that what with money s*aked on future events and the
money due on the races already decided at Chester, Mr.
Dwyer is indebted to the public much nearer 25,090/. than
8,000/. ; and (I have it on good authority) supposing any
arrangements were come to, it would be perfectly, impos-
sible on his part to pay ten shillings in the pound. Several
" small men" who "t losed their boa's" after the decision of the
Cup, are not likely to cause any inconvenience. I glanced
at the Sec nd Spring Meeting at head-quarters on Friday,
so shall merely state the probable starters and winers for
each event, according to my accounts received this m rising.
With the exception of a match over the Y:C. between San-
tiago and Glendale, which the ' former, being the quickest
starter, oaght to win, the remainder of to-morrow's engage-
ments, including the Rowley Mile Plate, do not close until
this evening. On Wednesday, Nutshell will walk over for
I the 50 Sovs. Stakes. John o'Groat having, Tetired from the
turf some time since, and Mildew, reported to have died
some weeks ago, although alive, is out of training. Santiago
has two opponents left in for the Champion Staks, the
Amima colt and Cro;chet, neither of whom are likely to
trouble him, consequently, he also will probably walk over.
For the Suffolk States, the field, in all prdbability, will con-
sist of the following :—Sauter-la. Coupe, 5 yrs, Bat llb (d);
Swordplayer, 6 yrs, 7st 71b ; Gladiole, 4 yrs, 7st; Anspach,
3 yrs, tat 61b (d); King Charming, 3 yrs, sst 131 b ;
Artisan, 3 yrs, sst 710 ; Cane, 3 yrs, sst 71b ;
Fortuna, 3 yrs, sst 51b ; Cult by Prince
Caraloc, 3 yrs, sst 41b ; colt, by John O'Gaunt, 3 yrs, sst 41b
(d) ; Barcelona, 3 yrs, sst 21b ; Abderrhaman, 3 yrs, sst 21b.
The race, in my opinion, will lay with Cane, Barcelona,
Prince Ciradoc colt, King ChaTming, and Gladiole; possibly
terminating in favour of CANE or BARCELONA, with
the other three and Abderrhaman close up. For the 10 Sovs
Stakes for two-years-old, on Thursday, over the first half of
the Abingdon Mile, a large field, in fact, within three or four
of all the nominations, will be found at the post, viz.:— Sabra
H.R.H. filly, Passion colt, Toga filly, colt by St. Francis, colt
by Alarm (d), filly by Hr-tnian Platoff, dam by Sircingle,
Event filly, Malibran colt, colt by Young Priam, Moulton Lass,
France, and La Tempesta. The majority of these animals
are perfectly dark, never having been tried in public or
private. The final struggle, I fancy, will be between Sabra,
St. Francis colt, Malibran colt and France; the last two for
choice. The judge may possibly place them thus:--
COLT BY ORLANDO - MALIBRAN . (Nat) 1
FRANC& ......... .
SABRA
The latest betting this morning is as follows :—Suffolk
Stakes-4 to 1 agst Cane, 4to 1 agst Barcelons, 6to 1
agat Anspach. 10 sous.. Stakes-5 to 2 agst Malibran colt,
3 to 1 agst France, 5 to 1 agst Iletman Platoff filly,
6 to 1 egst Sabra. 1,000 cove. Match—Even betting, the.
Dutchman for choice. Derby-5 to 1 agst the Prime Minister,
5 to 1 agst Teddington, 7 to 1 agat Hernandez, 11 to 1 agst
The Marlborough Buck, taken to 2001, 23 to 1 agst Bonnie
Dundee, 33 to 1 each Heart Breaker and Mountain Deer,
50 to 1 agst Newminster, who is evidently on the wrong
road to glory, 50 to 1 agat Midas. Even betting that the
field is nearer 17 than 27, taken. -Oaks-5 to 2 agat
Aphrodite, 5 to 1 agst Payment, 6 to 1 taken to ups ards of
.?00/ St. L.ger-8 to 1 agst the Prime Minister. That
arch impostor Light oot was scratched for the Derby at a
quarter to twelve on Friday morning. In order to be early
in the field, it is my intention to publish my remarks on the
Great Derby of 1851 at the commencement of next week.
I am, Sir, yours, &c.,
THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF.
May 5, 1851.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
NEWMARKET SECOND SPRING MEETING.

The following is an outline of the present and proposed en.
gagements for the ensuing meeting :
The horses marked thus a are already at Newmarket.
TUESDAY.

Fifty Sovs. ; three yrs old, Est 21b ; four, 8 t•, five, sst
71b ; six and aged, Bst 1216 ; the winner to be sold for 200
sovs. T. M. M.
Fifty Soya, tor three yrs old ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b ;
R. M.
A Handicap Sweepstakes of 10 Boys. each, for three yrs old
and upwards ; T. Y. C.
A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each ; three yrs old, 7st 41b;
four, Bst 716; the wiener to be sold for 60 sovs. T. Y. C.
A Sweepstakes cf 10 sovs. each ; two yrs old, Est 121 b ;
three, Bst 121 b; fillies and pldings allowed 31b; the winner
to be sold for 100 soya First half of Ab. M.
Match, 50 ; Bst 71b each ; Y. C. —*Duke of Bedford's
Santiago agat *Mr. Payne's Glenda'e.
WEDNESDAY.
A Handicap Plate of 50 boys., f.r three yrs old and up-
wards. New T. Y. C.
The Jockey Club Plate of 50 says. ; four yrs old, 7st 21b ;
five, Bst 31b ; six and aged, est 91b; for horses the property
of members of the Jockey Club. B.C.
A Sweepstakes of 10 soya. each, for three yrs old ; colts,
Bst 71b; fillies, :.•st 41b ; the winner to be sold fur 11.0 sovs.
T.Y.C.
Acceptances for the Suffolk Stakes.
yrs. st. lb.
Vatican .. 5 8 9
*St. Rosaila . , 5 8 *i
Herbert
Sauter-la-coupe ..... 5 8 1
Swordplayer
Pio N0n0.....
Gladiole
Ariosto.
Anspach ...... . 3 6 6
Cornelius (late Kre-
men)

yrs. st. lb.
*Artisan .... 3 5 7
*Cane .
;Fortuna ...., .• 3 5 5
lik c by Pince Cara-
doe .Tulia
Bennett .....
Ch c by Jobno'Gaunt,
dam by The Sad-
dler
*Barcelona 3 5 2
*Abderbaraan... 3 5 2

*King Charming ... 3 5 13'
The Champion Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h ft; colts, Bst
71b ; fillies and geldings, Bat ; the winner of the 2,000 Guineas
or of the 1,000 Guineas Stakes 7lb extra; from the R. M.
starting-post to the Duke's stand (6 Subs.)—c by Plenipo-
tentiary, out of Amina, *Santiago, Crotchet, Bargeman
(paid), Ariadne (paid).
A Sweep takes of 50 sovs. each, for four yrs old; colts,
Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 010 ; winners of the Derby, Oaks, or
Doncaster St. Leger, Port, or Claret Stakes, 61b; of any
two of those stakes, 1010 extra; maiden horses which have
never received 100 sovs. for running second allowed 51b
(winners of matches only considered maiden hinesl;
_the
last three miles of B.C. (3 Subs.)--ai.orcl Exeter's Nut-
shell, Mr. Jaques's Mildew, Duke of Bedford's John-o%
Groat (paid).

THURSDAY.
A Handicap Plate of 50 suvs., fur three yrs old and up•

wards ; A. F.
A Ilandicap Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, and only 5 ft
declared by 10 o'clock in the evening before running, to go to
the second, for three yrs old and upwards; T.Y.O
A Sweepstakes of hi sovs. each, for three yrs old; colts,
Bst 71b; tidies, Bst 41b; the winner to be sold for 40 soya.;
D. 51.
A Sweepstakes of 10 soya. each ; three yrs old, 7st 41b ;
four, tist 91b; five and upwards, 9st ; the winner to be sold
for 2(0 soya. ; T.Y.C.
A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each; two yrs old, 6st 121 b;
three, Bst 121 b; fillies and geldings allowed 31b ; the winner
to be sold for 80 sovs. ; first half of Ab. M.
A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, with 54 added, for two yrs
old ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b ; the, „winner of a stake
value 2 0 sovs., including the winner's own stakes, 51b extra ;
T.Y.C. (15 Subs.)
• Mr. F. Clarke's b f Sabra-3' Lord Clifden's bf by Bay
Middleton, out of 11. R. 11.-5 Mr. Etwall's br c by Venison,
out of Passion—" Lord Ex-.ter'sf by St. Martin, out of Toga
*slr. Gurnel 's b cby St. Francis, darn by Jerry—Sir J.
llawley's c by Alarm, out of liaitoe—* Mr. 'Morris's ch by
Haman Platoff, dam by Sircingle—• Mr. Mare's Sister to
Hatherton-5 Colonel Peel's b c by Venison, out of Queen
Anne—*Colonel Peel's ch c by Orlando, out of Malibran—
'l' Lord W. Powlett's b c by Y. Prism, out of Y. Bamboo
dam—Mr. St. George's ro f Safety— Mr. Stephenson's br f
Mountain Lass--*Mr. Watson's France...a-4 Mr. Williams's b f
La Tempests.
EPSOM SUMMER MEETING.

LONDON, BRIGHTON, AND SOUTH-COAST
RAILWAY.
- -

Mr. Dorling has just issued his sheet list, the richest ever
produced to an expectant public.
There are five fixtures for each day, the following stakes
closing next Saturday: —The lleathcote Plate, Epsom Town
Plate, and Cobham Plate, and it the entries correspond with
those made for the other engagements, as doubtless they
will do, the pride of Surrey will flaunt in gayer apparel than
ever.
If this be not the Great Exhibition Meeting,
we shall in-
deed have reckoned without our host, and we should heartily
rejoice to pe-ceive the presence of the Great Wonder of the
Queen and the Prince, as in the whip-bestowing year by her
Majesty's Consort to the rider of the Derby victor, Little
Wonder.
E. R. Clark, ESq.,IIIIS called his remarkably fine yearling
colt, by Irish Birdcatcher out of Betsy
Bird, darn of Black
Doctor, Early Bird ; and his colt foal byNapier, out of the
same darn, Bonnie Bird.
SIIREWSBURY.t
The Great Cleveland Ha
andnd a icapquarter Acceptan cea.—About 2 miles
yrs st. lb 1 yrs. st. lb.
Eva ... ........... ..... 5 8 7 Nliss Spring
8 1-; salute ~„,.........
-.. 4 4 1
4 7 1
Egret .................. 6
................. 4 8 2. Lucy ILiwthorne . 4 6 9
Zad0c'....... 47 11 ,Jolsterdtle
Panope ...........
. 4 7 .;oldiiilder ...... 3 5 9
Candlewick ..........
l.tLeap Tear
Flash .................. 7
Acceptances for the Shropshire Sweepstakes, Handicapped.
About one mile and a quarter.
y
rs. at. lb.
syrs• 8 7 \Vilmont ..... 4 6 13
Eva
........ 5 8 6 Master Friday
Doubt .
......... 4 7 11 Upton '
Zadoc ..................
... ............ 6 7 7 Lucy Hawthorne
5 7 7 Colsterdale .....
Grief Ribaldry
-•
•" ...... '''"' r 7 5 Badajoz ...... .. 3 511
Docility , .............. J 3
7 Le Juif
The Monk ... ...... ... 4
Pulcherrima ......... 5 7 2
THE DERBY.—Lightfoot was struck out of the Derby
on Friday, -
the•2d of May, at 11 45, A.m.
____--------

Total ... ... £10,38'2 11 11
Total miles open, 1851, 173,4 ; ditto, 1830, 1711,‘
London Terminus, May 5, 1851.

POPULATION OF PRESTON. The population of
Preston, as indicated by the late, census return, is 69,353.
The population in 1841 was 50,829, so there has been an in-
crease of 1.8.,5a4, or more than 36 per cent. in the nine years
and three-qnarters that have elapsed' since the last return.
The-e are 4.700 natives of Ireland resident in this town.—
Preston. Chronicle.
POPULATION OF
DointiEs.—ln 1841 the popu-
lation within the Parli was
Itary boundar
the y of Dumfries,
ce excu-
was 1,839 ; and by present nsus
sive of Maxwelltown,
it is 13,210, being an increase of 1,371, or very Maxwell- 12 e
cent. Of this, Dumfries hes inc e/ 784, and
town 587. It is satisfactory to observe that the dispropor-
which was so marked in 1841, has
tier between the sexes,
increased five more than females,
diminished, males having
although in 1841 females outnumbered the males by 1,553;
the difference is now 1,548.
ATLESBuitY ELBCTION.—The petition presented
to the House of Commons against the return of Mr. Bethell
sets forth that be was by himself and agents guilty of
bribery and corruption at the last election, and did by means
of money, promises of employment,.and intimidation pro-
cure votes and forbear to have them given in favour of Mr.
Ferrand, the opposing ca,,didate ; tha.. meat, drink, and en-
tertainment were given. intimidation and duress resorted to,
and gross anti systematic bribery; that.. Mr. Calvert, whose
return had beendeclared void, became an agent, friend,
manager, and partisan of Mr Bethell; and that Messrs.
Acton Tindal, J. and J. Ward, C. Wheeler, R. Benson, G.
Defraure, J. James, J. Jones, J. Prickett, and a certain in-
dividual known as the " Man in the Moon," alias Crouch,
and others, who had been the agents of Mr. Calvert, were
the agents, friends, managers, and partisans of Mr.
Bethel' ; that the votes of many persof.s not legally en-
titled to vote were accepted; and that many votes were rot
allowed as good votes on behalf of Mr. Ferrand. The
k petition, which is of unusual length, concludes by praying
L that the lieuse will declare the return of Mr. Bothell null
wad veil

COWES, ISLE OF WIGH
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
COWES, MAY 4
REPRESENTATION OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT.—TWO
candidates have at length come into the field to contest
the honour—first, Charles Cavendish Clifford, Esq., son
of Admiral Sir Augustus Clifford, Bart., Usher of the
Black Rod, who says in his address—" I stand on Pro-
testant, on Free-trade, and Liberal principles." He is
strongly supported in Hyde, and it is expected will be
by thu Free-traders in Newport and Cowes, and %leo by
the proprietors of the Appuldurcombe, Noithwoo d,
Nuuwell, and Swainston estates; the largest in the
island. The second (may he keep that place) is Cap-
tain Andrew S. Hamond, the son of Admiral Sir U.
Eden Hamond, who in his address says—" My
principles are Conservative; a firm Protestant, feeling a
determined resistance to the Papal aggression; a strong
supporter of the agricultural interest, and opposed to
unlimited free trade." A meeting of his friends took
place at the Bugle lan, Newport, on Saturday evening,
B. Cotton, Lg., of Freshwater, in the chair. The Hon.
W. H. A. A'Court Holmes (who represented the island
in the last Parliament), the Rev. Walton White, and
many other Protectionist landowners were present, and
voted him a fit and proper person to represent their in-
terests in Parliament. There will be a severe struggle
between the advocates of the cheap loaf and the dear one.
CREAP EXCURSION TRAINS FROM LONDON.—The first
of these to the Isle of Wight arrived at Cowes at about
half-past twelve o'clock this day; another is to arrive to-
morrow at the same time. The exeursionists remain
here till five o'clock, they will theretore have nearly two
hours in Southampton, as the train does not leave for
London till eight o'clock. The South-Western have at
length found out that these things pay well, and have
commenced early this year, intending to run two a week
during the summer.

Traffic—Week ending May 3, 1851 ... £10,328 11 11
Traffic—Week ending May 4, 1850 ... 8,824 15 11
Total of the half-year, to this date, 1851 ... 151,043 11 5
Total of the half-year, to this date, 1150 ... 13 ,803 3 8
Total number of Passengers—Week ending
May 3, 1851 „.. 55,818
Passengers ... .., £8,141 9 9
Goods ... Z.... 2,187 2 2

FIRE OW THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.--A
fire occurred last night at the Wallingford-road station of the
Great Western Railway, by which a considerable amount
of property was destroyed. It was about nine o'c!ock when
one of the officers on duty discovered a body of flames to
issue from the goods shed, a large building composed nearly
of wood, and situated at a distance of fifty yards from the
station. An alarm was of course instantly raised, arid
though there were but few officials at the station, others
were quickly on the spot, and used their utmost exertions
to subdue the fury of the raging element. In less than five
minutes from the time of the discovery of the fire, the whole
building was in one entire blaze, and as its total destruction
was inevitable, the men directed their endeavours towards
saving the property deposited there for conveyance to diffe-
rent parts of the country. The chief contents of the shed
appear to have been a large quantity of all kinds of corn in
sacks; and so rapidly did the fire extend itself that but
very few of these could be saved, the remainder being en-
tirely destroyed, or so damaged as to be perfectly useless for
any purpose. In the short space of a quarter of an hour the
hulloing was reduced to a heap of ashes, and the property
destr,iyed is estimated at between 8001. and ,0001. By this
c nflagration Mr. Prowse, a corn-dealer, residing at Walling-
ford, is a loser to a considerable extent.

PENINSULAR MAILS.—SOUTH
4.—The Montrose, Captain Bogen,"l PT
hOiNc,ht.arS6riuvqsteudDaterhtveirs,
MAY
morning, brings on freight 798 chests of orwange
k wine, Hi octaves ditto, 8 bags cork, 42 packages new
spotatoes,eci 6 packages green peas, 28 cases eggs, 7 packages
qsur.o3toedc. ai smfaOrlsleeiv,l•lses:--,
Gib-
raltar 20 packages sundries. Our accounts from y
this packet are to the 26th ult. Exchanges were
sAft.
39200.
;daaveso,o3,on London, 51; Paris,
sf. 41c. At 8 days'
spiagrh;t,heinal l‘algaad,rlil adnid.; Seville,Alicanttl ;
s Cadiz and Barcelona,
dis ; Valencia, 11 dis.;
Spanish pillared dollars, 2i per cent. prem. The British
transport.ship Alrpore, 18 days from Malta, arrived at Gib-
-
raltar on the 17th ult., having on board part of the 69th Re
giment, and sailed again for Portsmouth on the 18th. The
Resistance troop-ship, 23 days from Malta, arrived on the
17th, bringing pat of the 44th Regiment (480 nor *commis-
sioned officers and privates 30 women, and 47 child, en), for
the garrison of Gibraltar privates, 30
of the 56th Regiment,
under the command of Major P.dmer (14 officers, 514 non.
commi, sioned officers and privates, 30 women, and 76 child-
ren), embarked on the 26th ult., on board the Resistance,,for
passage to Bermuda. The Br iti3h steamer Arabian, 10 days
from Smyrna, arrived at Gibraltar on the 20th, and cleared
for Liverpool. The French war steamer Descartes, six days
from Brest, arrived on the 21st, and cleared for sea. for
Majesty's ship Janus was at Gisthbraltar.ult., goin g The MintoontrGibraltose spokear,
the Ripon ocam-ship on the 2
and on the Ist inst. the Iberia and Sultan steam-ships, all
from S.natlaampton.
BUY 2.—The following members
INNER TEMPLE,
of this society have been called to the bar, and were sworn
in this evening in the Hall :—Roger Fenton, of Univer• itv
College, London, BA.; John Ilarrison Miller, of Wadham
College, Oxford, M.A. ; Mr. William Stuart, Mr James
Pearse Peachey ; James Pearse, of St. John's College,
Pearse 8.A.; Thomas Hugh Malkhana, of Brasenose
College Oxford, 8.A.; Mr. John Francis Campbell; and
Arthur ,Codd, of Trinity College, Dublin, B.A.
TIIE NEW CUSTOMS•DUTIES. —The new duties on
forceclo6ftl
he euoanni
t.
the
hateri
emlbsit:et
hr3bhdoea.f:se anuAbpajarlericlQeiaueacyal
kiln
-dried
duties.dN s
roasted, -a r t he ovuocsorea
nmso
renco
oti
mnfft htedee,
the new duty
6d. per Ib.

THE GREAT EXHIBITION. forated open the riband at the station from which it
FURTHER PARTICULARS. transmitted.
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPIE.—Proceeding along the gallery All these details will became easily and rapidly intelli-
over the north side of the western main aisle will be found a gible upon inspecting- the apparatus which will :be found in
cane, lion of philosophical apparatus and instruments, among the Exhibition.
•
which is included a great variety of electric telecsraphs. rifir•srs.
Brett and Little exhibit their electric telegraph. The British TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE stir.
Electric Telegraph Company exhibit a large collection of Sere—Being continually asked by the nobility and gentry
telegraphs on different systems ; Mr. Alexander Bain exhibits who have visited the Symposium " what arrangeinents, I
also his electro-chymical telegraphs, copying and printing propose to adopt for the large numbers anticipated 'An ,dints
telegraphs, and electric clocks. Mr. Walker, of Tunbridge, hero daily," I beg to state that, in the course of a few days,
exhibits improved methods of insulating the telegraphic wire the advertisements containing the whole arrangements will
and a variety of other improvements in the details of the appear in the public press. Owing to the number of privates
operation of the needle telegraphs at present in this country. dinners and banquets I have on order, and the unfinished
Mr. G. R. Smith exhibits a comic electric telegraph, with a state of the culinary department, I beg to say, for the con-
variety of accessories, which will, no doubt prove amusing to venience of the public, it cannot be opened before the 16th of
the visitors to the Exhibition ; and Mr. Joseph Burdett ex- this month. I also beg to state that the charges will not
hibits an improvement upon the system of bells for the call preclude persons of various stations from partaking of the
of servants, consisting of a domestic telegraph, which requires gastronomic enjoyments and comforts of the Symposium.
only one bell for all the rooms in the house, however unmet- I am, Sir, &c. A. SOY ER.
ous they may be. There are, of course, besides these, a
variety of other electro-telegraphic systems exhibited in the
foreign sections.
The general principle of the electric telegraph admits of
easy explanation. Whatever be the form of such an appa-
ratus, it is indispensably necessary to establish a continuous
metallic communication by means of a wire stretched from
station to station. This wire must be kept from contact with
any body capable of conducting electricity, which is accom-
plished either by supporting it at a certain elevation above
the ground upon supports composed of non-conducting mat-
ter—such as porcelain or glass, or by enveloping it ia non-
conductors, such as gutta per cha, and burying it in the ground.
The former of these expedients is generally adopted in
England, the latter in Prussia and some of the German
States. When such a metallic communication is established
between two stations, a current of electricity can always be
transmitted upon it, and this current can be suspended and
re-established at any intervals, long or short, at the pleasure
of an operator at either station. It therefore is always prac-
ticable to produce an intermitting current between stations,
however distant, provided they are connected by such a
wire, and to regulate the intervals of intermission with the
greatest precision, and according to any manner that may be
desired. It would he possible, for example, to take a piece of
music and to play it with such a current as that the inter-
vals of intermission of the current should correspond exactly
with the length of the notes.
Now, it will be easily understood that if this play of the
electric current, produced at the will of an operator at one
s'ation, could be rendered sensible to an observer at another
station, it might easily be converted into a system of signs
expressing the letters and words of common language. Still
more effectual would it be if such an intermitting current
could be made to act upon a pencil, causing it to trace upon
paper at one station a series of marks corresponding with the
play of the current, and therefore expressing the signs trans-
mitted from the other station, and these objects can obvi-
ously be attained if we can discover any sensible effects
capable oi, being produced by the intermitting current, and
which will correspond with its intervals of intermission.
There are three effects produced by such a current which
have been adopted by different inventors as the means of at-
taining this end. If the wire upon which the current passes
be carried over and near a magnetic needle, this needle will,
the moment the current passes along it, throw itself out of
its position of rest, and take a direction at right angles to
the wire, the north pule either turning in the direction of
the hands of a clock, or in the contrary direction, ac-
cording as the electric current passes over it from
north to south, or from south to north. The mo-
ment, however, the current is interrupted the needle
resumes its position of rest parallel to the wire. It is clear,
the; efore, if the current which passes along the wire be sub-
ject to an alternate play of intermission and suspension, and if
also it be alternately transmitted in the one direction and
the other on the wire by an operator at one station, such a
magnetic needle as here described, placed at the other sta-
tion, will have alternate motions to the right and to the lift,
taking positions at right angles to the wire, in accordance
with the alternate transmission and suspension of the cur-
rent. If there be two or more such wires extended between
the stations acting iu this n anner on two or more needles,
the movemen' of these needles, right and left, may be com-
bined in an infinite variety of ways, and may conventionally
be made to express an unlimited variety of signs. In this
manner it will be easily perceived how the letters of the al-
phabet and the numerals may be expressed at the one sta-
tion by the agency of an operator at the other; a -d, as there
is no known limit to the distance to which the electric cur-
rent may be transmitted, and no appreciable time between
the moment of transmission from the one station and the
moment of arrival at the other, it follows that, provided
only the conducting wire can be carried between station and
station, communication, practically speaking, instantaneous
may always be effected between them.
Such is the principle of this class of electric telegraph,
known as the needle telegraph, numerous examples of which,
will be seen in operation in the Exhibition. But with such
an apparatus it is necessary that an agent should be prepared
at the station to which the communication is transmitted to
observe, interpret, and commit to writing these signs. It has
been attempted, and not without success by some inventors,
to supersede the necessity of such an agent by making the
telegraph itself not only transmit the message, but also
write it.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sin,—lt is but right that at the same time the worid
is aequainted through the medium of your columns ths't
the Queen of England, surrounded by her court, goes"
this day to inaugurate that great gathering of the works
of nations, triut it should also know that she goes
there unaccompanied by the men whose unlimited ex-
penditure and unwearied efforts have contributed to fill
this vast building with unexampled specimens of their
industry, intellig.nce, and skill.
She does not go there, as her advisers might have re-
commended her to have done, to welcome the exhibitors
of her own great empire, of Europe, Asia, Africa, and
America, but in the presenco of an assemblage of season
ticket-holders to open, in all pomp and circum-
stances of state, this eighth wonder of the world.
How much more graceful to the exhibitors, how much
more genial to our Sovereign's own feelings would it
have been for her to have received the exhibitors them-
selves, than the welkdressed three-guinea gathering
which assembles within those glass walls to great her
to-day.
The Royal Commissioners cannot complain that ax.
hibitors made no remonstrance to their unjust arrange-
ment. Memorials and deputations were alike unsuc-
cessful from the offices of the committee to the very foot
cf the throne.
The reasons given for excluding the exhibitors are so
palpably absurd as scarcely to require comment. That
the impossibility of admitting the body of workmen,
under the title of assistants, and all the members of
honorary district committees, should be the preventive
to the free admission of those whose talent, energy, and
capital have produced the specimens which fill the build.
ing, is hardly to be credited. One thing is certain, the
exclusion of the exhibitors must throw as inevitable
damp on this day's rejoicings, and be an indelible stain
on the page which records the proceedings of the Royal
Commission.—l am, Sir, yours, &0.,
AN EXCLUDED EXHIBITOR.
May 1, 1851.

COURT CIRCULAR.
Her Majesty will hold a Privy Council this afternoon
at Buckingham Palace.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
with their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and
the Princess Royal, and their Royal Ilighnesses the
Duchess of Kent and the Princess of Prussia, the Ladies
and Gentlemen of the Court, and the domestic house-
hold, attended Divine service yesterday morning, in the
private chapel of Buckingham Palace. The Hon. sad
Rev. Gerald Wellesley uffielatEd.
The Royal Family took their usual airings yesterday.
The Queen and Prince Albert, with Prince Alfred and
the Princess Alice, accompanied by the Prince and Princess
of Prussia and Prince Frederick William, visited the Exhi-
bition of the Industry of all Nations on Saturday forenoon.
The Royal suite consisted of the Countess Oriolla, Hon.
Beatrice Byng, Colonel the Hon. Charles 3rey, and Lieut.-
Colonel Francis Hugh Seymour.
The Countess de .Neuilly, the Duke and Duchess de
Nemours, and the Prince de Joinville, visited her Majesty
and their Royal Hignesses the Prince and Princess of
Prussia on Saturday, at Buckingham Palace.
The Duchess d'Orleans visited the Princess of Prussia on

This has been accomplished by two different methods,
which we will now briefly explain.
If the wire along which the electric current is transmitted
be coiled spirally round a rod of soft iron, this rod will ac-
quire the magnetic virtue so long as the current passers along
the wire; but the moment the current is suspended the iron
instantly loses the magnetic property. If, then, the current
be, as has already been described, alternately transmitted and
suspended during intervals of various lengths, the rod of iron
will in such case alternately acquire and lose the magnetic
virtue during corresponding intervals. If, then, we sup-
pose an iron penholder to be placed near the bar of
soft iron, so that when the latter is magnetic the pen-
holder will be drawn towards it, and detached from it
when it loses the magnetic virtue, we can imagine that
the pen may be raised and lowered in correspondence
with the play of the currant. Now, if a sheet of paper be
placed under the point of such a pen, being continuously
and slowly moved under it, the pen will be pressed upon the
paper and raised from it alternately, and the paper will be
marked with lines of varying length, at varying intervals,
corresponding exactly with and faithfully representing the
play of the current.
These signs being adopted in their various combinations
as conventional representatives of letters and words, such a
symbolic language will become by practice as easily and
rapidly readable as a printed book.
Such is the principle of one class of writing magnetic tele-
graphs, sue example of which is presented end may be seen
in the Exhibition, in the telegraph known as Morse's, and
which is used on several lines in the United States. Ihe
pen used by Morse is a pointed style, which is pressed upon
a riband of paper, having upon it indented lines of various
lengths, which express, as has just been explained, the let-
tug and words composing the communication.
The method used in telegraphs of this kind for the pur-
pose of impressing the style upon the paper is adopted in the
needle telegraph first described for the purpose of ringing a
bell, by which the attention of the agent at the place to
which the dispatch is about to be sent is awakened. With-
out some such expedient it would be indispensably necessary
that an agent at each station should be continually on the
watch for the arrival of dispatches; in fact, his eye could
never be for one moment withdrawn from the dial of the te-
legraph without the liability to more or less delay in the
communications. To remedy this, a bar of soft iron, sur-
rounded by a spiral coil, is provided at each station. This
bar is placed near the detent of an alarum. The moment the
current passes through the coil, and the bar becomes conse-
quently magnetic, it attracts the detent, disengages the
alarum, and informs the agent at the station that a dispatch
is about to arrive. This agent has likewise the power to
ring a bell at the station from which the dispatch is about to
be transmitted, to inform them that he is prepared far its re-
ception. It is evident, however, that an infinite variety of
other expedients may be adopted by which these and
like communications can be interchanged between the
stat'ons.
The method adopted in Morse's and similar telegraphs for
writing a dispatch, by acting upon a style through the inter-
vention of an intermitting magnet of soft iron, is subject to
some practical inconveniences, owing to the force of the elec-
tric current which it requires, a forces which cannot always
be obtained with certainty, in consequence of the electric
vicissitudes of the atmosphere. An apparatus based upon
another principle has been accordingly invented, art example
of which will be seen in the electrochemical telegraph ex-
hibited by Mr. Alexander Bain. The principle of this
apparatus is easily rendered intelligible. The electric
current has the property of decomposing certain chemical
solutions when it is transmitted through them. Now, if a
sheet of paper be moistened with a liquid which itself is
colourless, but which holds in solution colouring matter,
such, for example, as Prussian blue, the electric current,
being transmitted through any point of such paper, will
decompose the solution at that point, will liberate the
Prussian blue, and produce a blue spot. If while the current
passes the paper be moved under the wire which conducts
the current, a blue line will be formed upon it, and if while
the paper moves under the wire in contact with it the cur-
rent be Intermitted as already described, a series of blue lines
will be produced of varying lengths and with varying
,i_r!teesre.
vals, representing exactly the play of the current. iye__!.
lines will Ocordingly be traced upon the paper, iswhichhnd Ps
such
moving under the wire which conducts the current, and such
marks may be interpreted and read as easily Is
language, in the same meaner as in Morse's telegraph
described • the difference between the two consisp ten
and in
nl r e
sy,
that in the' one traces are produced by mechamee
the other by chemical action.
In comparing together the relative merittsioonf tthoe
asdicffeerrteanint
it
electric telegraphs is an important o
sruaesnsmitted by them
the rate at which dispatches can b
respectively. For it is evident that
the
tetthhe transmitting powerotaratnnosumnitttofeapital
of a wire being determined bt_ line will, to a certain
invoiced in the establishmenithyouls,
if by one system we are
extent, be affected by
t• hes along a single wire ten times
enabled to transmit dispatches
as fast as by .another, rt folleo_wssysttleimat
wtoohexdecruetqeuairegivthene
amount of business the former
in
wires as the latter.
erection of ten times as many
It is found practically that by means of the needle tele-
graphs not more than about 20 letters per minute can be
transmitted. We are aware that the partisans of this system
affirm that more rapid transmission is effected, and this
may be true occasionally, and under particular circumstances,
but we doubt whether a greater average rapidity of trans-
mission can be effected by it, and certainly a much greater
speed of communication cannot be maintained.
By . a peculiar and happy arrangement in the electro-
chymical telegraph of Mr. Bain, the details of which will be
found in the Exhibition, a rate of transmission is realized
which not only exceeds the speed of the most expert
stenographer, but exceeds even the rapidity of the most
rapid utterance. In some experimental trials made with
this apparatus lately, before Committees of the Institute of
France and the National Assembly, dispatches were sent a
distance of upwards of 3UO miles at the rate of 1,50 t letters
per minute, and it is certain that in average circumstances
the speed of transmission may always exceed 1,000 letters
per minute, or 17 letters per second.
The means whereby this is accomplished admit of easy
explanation. The dispatch to be transmitted is first im-
pressed by a machine provided for the purpose upon a riband
of paper of about half an inch broad, and of sufficient length
to carry the entire dispatch in pierced characters, consisting,
as already deecribed, of lines of various lengths. These open
characters are cut by means of punches, which are made to
act with inconceivable rapidity upon the riband by the ma-
chine already mentioned. The riband is then rolled round
a spindle, and, being attached to the telegraphic apparatus,
is made to pass rapidly over a metallic roller, upon which it
is pressed by a needle along which the electric current is con-
ducted. When the needle falls into perforated characters
the electric current is transmitted from station to station
but when the needle rests upon the spaces of the riband
which are not perforated the current is interrupted. It is
clear, therefore, that if this riband be passed with a motion,
no matter how rapid, between the needle and the metallic
roller, the play of the intermitting current will be regulated
in strict accordance with the pierced characters on the
riband of paper; and, according to what has been already
explained, this play will produce corresponding characters,
paper at the station to which
upon the chemically prepared
hus we shall have the dis-
the dispatch is transmitted.
T
patch written urn the chemical paper, character for cha-
racter, correspeadirig precisolY with the dispatch per-

~~'

S;,VC.4

Saturday,. and took a drive with her Royal Highness in an
,h open carriage a rir,n irsi gec
eof
and four.
Wales,
The
attended by Mr. Birch, took an
airing in an open carriage on Saturday.
The Princess Royal and the Princesses Helena and
Louisa took a drive in an open carriage and four on Saturday,
His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by the Mar-
quis of Abercorn, Lord George Lennox, Colonel the Hon.
C. B. Phipps, Lieutenant-Colonel F. Seymour, and Lieut.-
Colonel F. Hugh Seymour, honoured the President and
members of the Royal Academy with his company at their
annual dinner, in Trafalgar-square, on Saturday evening,
revious to the opening of the Exhibition. The Prince
afterwards joined the Queen at her Majesty's Theatre.
The Queen, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the
Prince and Princess of Prussia, and Prince Frederick Wil.
ham, honoured the performance at her Majesty's Theatre on
Saturday evening with her presence. The Royal suite con-
sisted of the Countess of Charlemont, the Countess Hacks,
the Countess Oriolla, Hon. Beatrice Bvng, Lord Waterpark,
Count Puckler, Count Goltz, Colonel the Hon. Charles Grey,
and Colonel Fischer.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent also honoured
the performance at her Majesty's Theatre with her pre-
sence on Saturday evening. Lady Fanny Howard and
Lord James Murray were in attendance upon her Royal
llighness.
Mr. Joseph Nash had the honour of submitting to the
inspection of her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince
Albert. two drawings of the opening of the Crystal
Palace, of which drawings her Majesty and his Royal High-
ness were graciously pleased to express so much approba-
tion, as to command them to be retained in her Majesty 4
possession.
Prince Edwar I of Saxe-Weimar visited the Prince an&
Princess of I'russia on Saturday, at Buckingham Palace.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited her Royal
Highness the Duchess of Gloucester on Saturday, at Glouces-
ter Ilouse.
The Countess de Neuilly, the Duchess d'Orleans, the t=ake
and Duchess de Nemours, and the Prince de Joinville, visited
her R.,yal Highness the Duchess of Kent on Saturday, at
Clarence House, St. James's.
A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday afternoon at the
Foreign-office, Downing -street. The Ministers p resent were
Lord John Russell, the Lord Chancellor, the Marquis of
Lansdowne, the Earl of Minto, Sir George Grey, Viscount
Palmerston, Earl Grey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Sir Francis Baring, the Right Hon. Henry Labouchere,
Lord Brougham, the Marquis of Clanricarde, the Earl of
Carlisle, and the Right lion. Fox Maule. The Council sat
an hour and a half.
A deputation from Jersey, Mr. Edward Nicolle Law and
Mr. W. Grant Lumaresq, had an interview on Saturday
with Sir George Grey at the Home-office, to pres
the estent a peti-
tion from the inhabitants of Jersey, praying for ab-
lishment of paid police, a sitting magistrate, and a court of
requests for the recovery
JWilliams, .P., Mr.
A deputation, consisting of .J.
of small,. debts.
Humphreys Jones, Mr. R. H. Wyatt, and Mr. Rymer, had
an interview on Saturday with Lord Seymour, at the office
of her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests, W hito-
hall-place, on the Wrexham Improvement Bill.
The Oxford University Commission held a meeting on
Saturday at the official residence of the First Lord of the
Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—the Bishop of Nor-
wich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Master of Pembroke, the Rey.
11. Liddell, the Rev. Professor Powell, the Rev. G. H. 5.
Johnson, the Rev. A. P. Stanley (secretary).
A deputation from the Committee of Paving St. Martin's-
in-the-Fields, consisting of Mr. Staunton, Mr. Barton, Mr.
Dengerfield, Solicitor to the Committee, and Mr. Farrants
Clerk to the Committee, had an interview on Saturday: witls
Lord Seymour, at the ffice of her Majesty's Commissioners
of Woods and Forests.
Dr. Paris had an interview on Saturday with Sir George
Grey, to present the annual report from the National Vaccine
Board.
and the
recrieleedputkhee soaf
crWamelelnintgytoeneteartdtaeyn,detdh the
Ceahrelypesleirvleiyc,ea,l,asnud
James's. Rev.
viTehseleyßeavd.mTin. sermon,ititielrlsedptrheeacshaecdramtheent.
IC

OLYMPIC THSATRE.—MR. LEIGH Muz•
RAY'S BENEFIT.—Thst excellent stage-manager and admir-
able actor, ➢lr. Leigh Murray, takes his benefit a t the
Olympic this evening; on which occaospifaornmt.rfh.oerLtwehigielhlpssieurasianiaan;
for the first time, the character of Evelyn, in Sir Bulwer
:Ifielirp°encruYliarThtaislenistsa
ht
him;
It
eminently_ov
Lion
toon; s
w comedyandica
addition to the comedy of Charles King, which will be per-
formed as the afterpiece, we are promised a fantasia on the
harp, by M-. Gerhard Taylor; and a Grand Divertissement,
in which Madlles. Adele, Lee, Coleman. of her Majesty's
Theatre, Desborough, Sc., will appear. We have no doubt
but that the house will be a bumper,

M. Robin's elegant place of entertainment, 232,
Piccadilly, continues every eveningrho
igstroe n crowdedemeth by
which h
most
fashionable audiences. The new
hasoapnetnasetdthese„ insceoconntadsallseriesh
tofe
formed by command her Most Gracious Soiiees Parisiennee
et F iqu
delusions
Majestyw ere
thepen
Queen, at Windsor, on the 25th of April, and of which per
formance her Majesty most graciously conveyed her high ap-
probation to Id. Robin through Lord Byron.
AEROSTATION AT VAUXHALL. GARDENS.—The first
ascent this season of the Great Nassau Balloon for "experi-
mental purposes," announced for Saturday, was postponed
in consequence of the unpropitious state of the weather, to
this afternoon.
Too LATE FOR THE EXHIBITION.--Four monster
casks of wine arrived in the London Docks on the opening
day of the Exhibition, by the ship Traveller, Captain A. R.
Henderson, from Cadiz, for Mr. John Fowler, wine merchant,
Wells-street, Cripplegate-2,900 gallons for the larger casks,
the duty being 8331.155.
EXHIBITION SERMONS AT EXETER HALL.—Yes.
day the two first of a series of sermons for the Sabbath-day
commenced at Exeter-hall. The powerful organ of the
estamisument was used for the occasion, and the hall was
crowded in every part. The morning sermon was preached
by the Rev. Baptist Noel, that in the evening by the Rev. W.
Kinney. No collection will be made at these sermons.
[ADVERTISESIENT.J—The Observer of yesterday
(Sunday, May 4), gave the fullest particulars of the Great
Exhibition, extending over 21 of the Observer folio columns.
Price of the Obse and its gratuitous Supplement (toge
rver
-
ther 60 columns) Sixpence.
SHREWSBURY AND BIRMINGHAM CONTEST.—It id
stated that a considerable majority of votes, chiefly proxies,
will, at the meeting to be held on the Bth instant, be given
in favour of the proposed lease of the Shrewsbury and Bir-
mingham line to, and subsequent amalgamation with, the
Great Western Company.
THE RIOTERS AT THE BOSTON ELECTION _T €SB
men were again brought up for examination on Friday last.
Not any of them were charged with the full offence. Seven
were discharged on finding security each for 25/. and them-
selves bound in 501. each. Three were fined ii. each, and
one 51. A number of new trifling cases were brought for-
ward, but the parties were all discharged on finding the re-
quisite security for keeping the peace; some for six, and
others for twelve months.
ROBBERY OF DIAMONDS WORTH 4501.—Informa-
tion has been received by the police of a robbery committed
in an office at 8, Broad-street-buildinltgis,
not City,
kno wof diam
in on
d
ornaments to the value of 4501.
n what
manner the robbery was committed.
BREMEN, APRIL 28.—Emigration from Bremen
in this year to this day :—For New York in 30 vessels.
4,022 passengers ; for New Orleans, in 8 vessels, 1,9,8
passengers; for Baltimore, in 7 vessels, 1,199 passengees;
Galveston, in 3 vessels, 272 passengers; for Philadelphis.
3 vessels, 229 passengers; total, 51 vessels, vial 7,690 Pm-
angers.