The Sun.
London, England, 1851-11-27 00:00:00

S
- 7 NOVEMBER 27, 1851.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
On Tuesday, November 25, (Sir William Cubitt,
President, in the chair.) The paper read was, "On
the Application of Machinery to the Manufacture of
Rotating Chambered-Breech Fire-Arms, and the
Peculiarities of those Arms," by Colonel Samuel
Colt, United States, America.
The communication commenced with an historical ac-
count of such rotating chamber fire-arms as had been
discovered by the author, in his researches after speci-
mens of the early efforts of armourers for the construc-
tion of repeating weapons, the necessity for which
appears to have been long ago admitted; and with the
attention of such an intelligent class, devoted to the
subject, it is certainly remarkable that, during so long
a period, so little was really effected towards the pro-
duction of serviceable and trustworthy weapons of
this class. The collections in the Tower of London,
the United Service Museum, the Rotunda at Wool-
' wick, Warwick Castle, the Muses d'Artiilerie, and
the Hotel Cluny, at Paris, ze well as some ancient
Eastern arms brought from India by Lord William
Bentinck, demonstrated the early efforts that had
been made to produce arms capable of rapidly
firing several times consecutively, without the
delay of loading after each discharge. Drawings
of these specimens were exhibited, comprising the
match-lock, the pyrites wheel-lock, the flint-lock,
down to the percussion-lock, as adapted by the author.
Among the match-lock guns some had as many as
eight chambers, rotating by hand; and the length of
the chambers, as well as the thinness of the barrel,
showed the bad quality of the gunpowder at the pe-
riod of their construction. Some of the pyrites
wheel-lock guns had also us many as eight chambers,
and rotated by hand; one of them, made in the 17th
century, had the peculiarity of igniting the charge
close behind the bullet, burning backwards towards
the breech; an arrangement identical in principle
with that of the modern Prussian "needle gun," for
which great merit has been claimed. The flint locks
induced more determined efforts, but all were abortive,
as the magazines for priming, and the pan covers
were continually blown off on the explosion of the
charge. Indeed, from the earliest match-lock down
to the present time, the premature explosion of se-
veral chambers, owing to the simultaneous ignition
of the charges, from the spreading of the fire at their
mouths, had been the great source of difficulty. In
some of tha most ancient specimens orifices were
provided in the butt of the barrel for the escape of the
bullets in case of explosion, whilst others had evi-
dently been destroyed by this action. In a brass
model of a pistol of the time of Charles 11., from the
United Service Museum, there was an ingenious at-
tempt to cause the chamber to rotate by mechanical
action, in some degree similar, but more complicated,
than the arms constructed by the author. The
" Coolidge" and the " Collier" guns, both flint guns
of comparatively modern manufacture, exhibited the
same radical defects, of liability to premature explo-
sion. The invention of Nock's patent breech, and
the Rev. Mr. Forsyth's introduction of the deto-
nating or percussion guns, which latter principle,with
the necessary mechanical arrangements for the caps,
was essential to the safe construction of repeating
fire-arms, constituted anew era in these weapons; and
the author recognising the peculiar wants in a coun-
try whose inhabitants were constantly moving on-
wards towards new settlements, where the pioneers
were required to protect themselves and families by
their personal prowess, frequently against fearful ine-
quality of numbers, from the attacks of the aboriginal
Indians, whose peculiar mode of warfare could only,
be coped with by rapid and repeated firing, it was na-
tural that attention should be directed to the pro-
duction of self-acting repeating arms. The author,
being fully cognizant of these wants, but entirely un-
aware of any previous attempts to produce such
weapons, made a series of experiments on skeleton fire-
arms, which were very successful ; but subsequently
he fell into many of the errors of his predecessors,
for by covering the breech and the mouths of
the chambers, simultaneous explosion of se-
veral charges constantly occurred. This in-
duced the restoration of the arms nearly to
their original skeleton form, and the result was the
production of the present perfect arm, which has been
so universally adopted in America, that the author's
large manufactory has proved quite insufficient to
supply the demand. The means for manufacturing
these arms on so a large scale was the main point of
the paper; for, unlike the system adopted in England
and on the continent, of making firearms almost en-
tirely by manual labour, the several parts comprising
these weapons are forged, planed, shaped, slotted,
drilled, tapped, bored, rifled, and even engraved by
machinery, to such an extent that 10 per cent. only
of the value of the arm was for hand labour in finish-
ing and ornamenting; DO per cent. being executed by
automaton machines, guided by women and children,
whose labour was represented by 0 per cent., leaving
80 per cent. for the machinery. The action of these
machines was described ; and it appeared that though,
like a cotton or flax mill, the manufactory at first
sight appeared intricate, yet that each part travelled
independently through its course, until at length
the finishing workmen had only to put
the several parts together, almost indiscriminately,
ind the uniformity was so precise, that lit-
tle or no fitting was required beyond removing
the " burr," or rough edge left by the machines,
This was a point of great importance, especially in a
country of such extent as America, here the neces-
sity for sending arms from ono district to another for
repair might be attended with serious consequences.
The arms now manufactured by the author, and of
which numerous specimens were exhibited, were of
the simplest construction ; the lock consisted of only
five working parts contained in a lock-frame cut out
from the solid metal, into which the breech arbor
was firmly inserted, and by it rigidly attached to the
barrel in such a manner as to regulate, with the
greatest precision, the contact between the end of the
barrel and the mouths of the cylinders, so as to pre-
vent any serious escape of lateral fire. The rotating
of the cylinder was accomplished by a self-acting
lever, to which motion was given by the act of draw-
ing back the hammer ; at half-cock the cylinder was
free to rotate in one direction for the purpose of load-
ing and putting the caps on the nipples, the former
operation being rapidly accomplished by the con-
version of the ramrod into a jointed lever, attached
to the barrel, by which means the bullets were
rammed home so securely, that no patch or wad-
ding was required. The grooves in the barrel were
of a peculiar spiral, commencing almost straight,
near the breech end, and terminating at the muzzle
in a curve of small radius. The bullets were either of
cylindrical, or conical shape ; and from some diagrams
of several practice targets sent from Woolwich, by
Colonel Chalmers, R.A., for exhibition at the meet-
ing, it appeared that, even by men unaccustomed to
the use of this particular arm, great precision of
firing could be attained, as with a small revolving
belt pistol, at a distance of fifty yards, out of forty-
eight shots, twenty-five bullets took effect, within a
space of one foot square, and of them thirteen hit the
bull's-eye, which was only six inches iu diameter;
the whole number of shots striking the target.
This was the first American communication that
had been brought before the institution, and it was
received with acclamation ; and in the discussion
which ensued, in which the Hon. Abbott Lawrence
(United States Minister), Captain Sir Thomas Hast-
ings, R.N., Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., Cap-
tain Riddell, R.A., Mr. Richards, Mr. Miles, and the
members of the council took part, the most flattering
testimony was given to the efficiency of the Colt re-
volvers in actual service, and the strongest opinions
as to the necessity of their use in all frontier warfare ;
and that without this arm it was almost impossible,
except with an overwhelming force of troops, to cope
with savage tribes.
From the diagrams on the wall, and the ancient
arms exhibited, it appeared that the necessity for the
principle of repeating arms had been admitted from
the earliest period of the use of gunpowder ; but all
the attempts at constructing them usefully had been
frustrated by certain mechanical deficiencies, which
Colonel Colt had, after long trials and experience,
succeeded in remedying, and had eventually produced
by machinery an arm which, for simplicity of con-
struction, uniformity of its parts, and efficiency of
action, was unequalled. It appeared also singular,
that many of the modern repeating arms, which had
been recently brought forward, contained most of the
fatal errors of construction, so clearly shown in the
paper, to have prevented the perfecting of the ancient
arms, and that nothing but long experience on active
service could have enabled Colonel Colt to discover
those errors, and to adopt those chuiges, minute and
simple as they might appear, which had finally pro-
duced so effective an arm.

Price.

Price

8
21%
'4/1/4

4g
12
5U
133

3%
46%
4%
20%
20%
15%
2%
195.
2%

160
17646 d

6%
221
209

Price.

Price.

81%
143

119%

The PRESIDENT announced that the discussion on
this subject would be renewed in the next meeting,
Tuesday, December 2, when the mechanical construc-
tion of the arm would be more particularly entered
into.

The paper to be read at the meeting of December
2, when the monthly ballot for members will take
place, is " Account of the Works on the Birming-
ham Extension of the Birmingham and Oxford Junc-
tion Railway," by Mr. C. B. Lane, Assoc. Inst. C.E.

A LADY'S EYES.—A late writer says that the skies
of Italy are bluer than anything he ever saw, with the ex-
ception of Miss Smith's eyes. Miss Smith is the Pug
woman he sits up with.—New York Express.

[PRICE 6D.

THE WEST INDIA MAIL.
SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAY. -- The Medway,
Royal Mail Company's steam-ship, Captain Symonds,
arrived this day about noon, after a somewhat pro
tracted voyage, in consequence of having met with a
succession of heavy, contrary gales. She brings the
usual West India and Pacific mails, in charge of
Lieut. Strover, R.N., Admiralty agent.
The latest dates by this arrival are—Havannah,
Oct. 24; Chagres, Oct. 26; Jamaica, Oct. 28; Car-
thagena, Oct. 28 ; Demerara, Oct. 31 ; Barbadoes,
Nov. 2 ; Porto Rico, NOY. 1; Trinidad, Nov. 1 ; An-
tigun, Nov. 4; St. Thomas's, Nov. 5.
The Medway brings the large quantity of 1,401,683
dollars' worth of gold, gold dust, silver, &c., a great
proportion of which consists of Californian produce.
She has also brought 1,244 serons of cochineal and
indigo, 267 packages of pimento, 80 cases of cigars,
137 bales of tobacco, &c.

Our usual files of newspapers from JamLica' to the
28th of October inclusive, have reached us by the
Medway. They are remarkably barren of news of
interest to the general reader.

The English-mail of the 17th of September, from
Southampton, had not reached Jamaica when thu
steamer left.

A court-martial has been sitting at Up Puck, to
try Assistant-Surgeon M'Bean, charged with using
ungentlemanly language and striking his command-
ing officer, Lieutenant O'Flanagan. The case ex-
cited great interest. The decision of the court was
not made public when the mail left.
The cholera had entirely disappeared, with the
exception of an occasional case in the parish of
Hanover.

The weather had been propitious for the planter,
generally, throughout the island.
The brig Orion, from London, had arrived; 45
days out. The brig Freeman had sailed for Liver-
pool, as also May 'Wilson for London.
The following were in harbour at Kingston :—The
Jamaica, Leviathan,
Elizabeth Hastings, 'Widow.
Bride of Abydos, Orion,
The barque Medora had arrived at Montego Bay,
and the barques Theela and Camcena, at Falmouth;
Jamaica, from London.

ANTIGUA.
The House of Assembly had been sitting, but it
was adjourned for a fortnight. The business trans-
acted was of a minor character.
The Board of Council had rejected the Bill for
establishing a court of appeal in the Island.
There was a lack of rain throughout the entire
island, notwithstanding some heavy but partial showers
had fallen during the past week.
Mr. Norman, late Comptroller of her Majesty's
Customs at Trinidad, died at St. John's on the 25th
of October.

The Commissioners of her Majesty's Customs had
appointed Mr. H. L. Sherlock to act in the capacity
of luggage agent—a post very desirable to be estab-
lished, to facilitate the examinations of baggage, &c.
The brig Codrington, May master, had arrived out
in thirty-six days from London.
Cleared—the brig zephyr, Campbell master, for
London ; schooner Nora Creida, Latham master,
London ship Isabel, Griffiths, Liverpool.

PANAMA.
The Medway has brought a file of the Panama
Star newspaper to the 17th of October inclusive. By
it we learn that emigration to the gold regions was
increasing. The Unicorn steam-ship, belonging to
the Pacific Mail Company, sailed on the lith ult. for
San Francisco, with a large number of passengers.
The Panama, with a greater number, was to sail on
the 18th.

The Star of the 17th says :
" We learn from below that on Saturday the first
train of cars passed from Navy Bay to ,Gatune, under
steam. Hurrah for the railroad! We, moreover, learn
from a gentleman who walked over a great portion of
it, that, with the exception of one small apace, the road
is completed, or very nearly so, from Gatune to Miller's
station, on the banks of the Chagres river, which is above
Pa!anquilla, and that the work is being pushed forward
with the greatest energy. The opening of the dry season
—early in December—will see the road in working order
to Miller's, which presents the greatest difficulties of
construction on the whole route. By July it will be
completed to Gorgona, and then hurrah for a daily com-
munication between Panama and Navy Bay. We will
talk about this subject more fully when we have more
room in our paper."

" AFFRAY A.:F CHAGRES.—WO learn from Mr. Pollin,
that on Sunday night, the 12th iust., a serious affray
occurred at Chagres between the foreign and native boat-
men, in which, as far as we can learn, the foreigners are
the agressors, which we regret exceedingly. 11l feeling
has existed for soma time back between the two classes
of boatmen, growing out of a desire on the part of the
foreigners to maintain the uniform price of two dollars
for temporary passengers to and from the steamers. In
this arrangement the natives could not be depended upon,
and the foreign boatmen, therefore, determined to drive
them from their own waters, and deprive them of their
undoubted rights. This was all wrong. On the de-
parture of the Falcon, this determination was attempted
to be carried out; several natives were thrown out of
their boat alongside the steamer, ono of which tit is said
was drowned, all were beaten and otherwise ill-treated.
At night a renewal of the affray was commenced by the
foreigners, and the guards had to be called out to sup-
press it. This is a most disgraceful affair, and should
call down upon the heads of the guilty party the
severest punishment which the law can inflict. Tho
same kind of monopoly was attempted on this side, but
the authorities took efficient measures to put an end to it
by arresting the ringleaders, who would have been
punished but for their promise to behave themselves in
the future, The monopoly of the small steam-boat
on the Chagres river is quite sufficient without a mono-
poly of the whole business.
" MURDER AT CILLORES.—On Wednesday, the Sth
instant, a man was shot at Chagres by a returned Cali-
fornian. The circumstances, as we learn them, attendant
upon the death of the man, are as follow:—The Califor-
nian was engaged in gambling at Monte, in front of a
window, in a house near the bank of the river. He had
deposited his bag of gold dust, and drew 100 dollars on
it, which he lost; wishing another 100 dollars on his
dust, the gambler refused it before weighing the bag, at
the same time snatching it up. The Californian en-
raged at this conduct, took a pistol from his belt, or re-
ceived it from the hands of a bystander, and as the gam-
bler was jumping through the window into the house,
fired at him, but missed his aim, while the ball struck a
young man sitting in the room, in the left breast, pene-
trating the lung, and lodging under the shoulder-blade,
causing death in a short time. The Californian and the
owner of the pistol have both been arrested."

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
JAMAICA.
(From De Cordova's Mercantile Intelligencer, Oct. 27.)
GENERAL REMaREb.
Receipts have been on a rather limited scale since our
issue of the 11th inst. Of flour there were received
about 2,000 barrels during the fortnight, whilst the
arrivals from Halifax were confined to three cargoes,
two of which have been sent out of this market. Under
these circumstances, the market both for dry and pickled
fish has assumed an improved appearance, but flour oas,
rather anomalously, receded in value. The latter cir-
cumstance may be attributed to the absence of specula-
tion, to the considerably-diminished consumption of the
article, and likewise to the direct recaipts at the princi-
pal outports on the north side.
The now biscuit steam bakery is in full and active
operation.

Accounts from the country represent the pimento
crop as being a full average ono, notwithstanding that
the yield in the parish of St. Elizabeth has been rather
under that which it was expected to be. The coffee crop
in that parish, however, will it is said be more than
usually abundant.

_
The autumnal rains are general. From all parts of
the country we hear of continuous and fertilising
showers.
But little business has been done in the produce
market.
Flour is in limited demand, with a supply at market.
We note a sale--the only wholesale one since our last—
of 1,140 barrels Brandywine, at 28s. 3d. Good Balti-
more (Howard-street) is wanted, and might command
295. to 305., in moderate parcels.
Meal has not improved either in value or inquiry. We
still quote it as being nominally worth 15s. to 16s. per
barrel.
Rice—Some rather large operations have been effected
in Bengal at 13s. 6d. per 1001 b.; other descriptions of
East India are quiet. No sales of Carolina have trans-
pired.
Butter—Owing to the absence of American and soar-
city of Halifax the demand during the fortnight ran
rather freely on Irish, and several parcels changed at
at 10d. per lb., but holders have ceased w operate
light.
that figure, and now hold for wid.
Halifax has been placed at lid. to 9it.Td.ht.enna7hkavise boon
Bread—The sales of imported descriptions
confined to some parcels of New Tvely.
Verley and ut 17s. and 225. per barrel respecu Piloti and crackers
Philadelphia, O. e
Ro-
binson'satlBs.is freely taken
forhorns
pilot maandde , excellent
2o2fs. f
kegsn r e ra
from
. k quality,
metn.
only receipt since our
ming
scarce, and may be quotes
Lard—A. parcel of
last,4oohas
Pork—Mess beenf placed at Bcl. par lb.
bad repute. re •
is unsaleable. Irish
peris bbaefscr;inl, for full weight barrels.:Prime
at
B92,..s.f_tosem4ist.w.
"Family" is taken at 465. per half
barrel. A parcel of about 40 half barrels Alcurger's
has changed
arescarce, and wanted at 50E. to
Tongues—lrish pig
52s
perbalf barrel.hands at 425.
Brandy—May be quoted at ss. to ss. 6d. per gallon in
bond.

Geneva—ls rather inactive at 7s. per case, short price
Corn—We quote American at 3s. 3d. per bushel.
Rum—There hare been sales at 31. Id. to 3s. 4d. gal-
lon duty paid.

7

Sugar—We range our quotations at 141. to 20s. per
100Iba for dark to fair.
Coffee—There is not any at market.
Pimento—Several parcels have changed Fan3s at 31.1.
ppr lh.

Logwood—May. be quoted at 365. per trn.
Freights—Are scarce, and there is little inquiry for
tonnage.
Guld—American is worthy to 1 per cent. prem. We
have not heard of any operations in doubloons.
Malt—Bottled is moved at 7s. to 7s. 6d. per dozen; the
sale include 75 barrels Harvey's pale ale at the latter
figure. Bulk is quiet.
Salt—Uverpool stove) is taken at 4s. 6d. per sack,
and coarse at 4s. 6d. to ss. per barrel.
Tobacco—Cavendish is very inactive at 10d. to lOid.
per lb. Leaf has changed hands at 60s. per 100 lb.
EXCHANGES.—On London—Colonial Bank, 90 days,
per cent premium; ditto, 60 days, 1 per cent. premium;
ditto, 30 days, 1 per cent. premium. Jamaica Bank. 90
days, per ecru. premium; ditto, 60 days, 1 per cent.
premiura; ditto, 30 days, LA par cent. premium; Mer-
chants' Bills, 90 days, par. On New Yurk—Merchant'a
Bill, 60 days, 1 per cent. premium.

SMITHFIELD CLUB CATTLE SHOW.
Although this annual exhibition of the exploits ot the
British egriculairist in the science of breeding, fading,
anrl. fattening stock will not open to the public until
Tuesday. the 9th of December, the entries of caul- for
the forthcoming show are already 7o numerous as to
prove that the Smithfield Club Exhibition of 1851 will
'ar exceed that of any former year. The farmers and
grozie rs are evidently put upon their mettle, arid the
much-mooted question, whether or not a living profit
cda be made tv the breeding and feeding of stock, may
perhaps be elucidated by the results obtained at the
Horse Bnzaar during the second week of the ensuing
month. his Revel Highness Prince Albert has sig-
nified his intention even thus early to enter the field of
competition on a wider scale than last year, and space
has already been applied for by the Duke of Richmond,
president of the society ; the Earl Spencer, the Duke
of Norfolk, the Earl of Radnor, Lord Portman, and most
of the leading members of the club. The great increase
of cattle, as well as of those who come to ace them, has
rendered "
it necessary to extend the already capaeio
promises in King-street. The riding school has been
enclosed, and added to the area heretofore occupied by
the cattle ; and, for the greater convenience of visitors,
wide staircases at either end of the implement galleries
have been erected, by means of which the egress and
ingress will be greatly facilitate& Some alterations of
an important character have also been made in the ar-
rangements of the interior. The galleries are already
occupied by specimens of most of the remarkable and
interesting agricultural implements displayed at the
Great Exhibition, and the whole bazaar gives token of
busy preparation for the ensuing show.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.
CAMBRIDGE, Nov. 26:—At a congregation holden
this day, the undermentioned degrees were conferred :
M.A.—Charles king, Trinity College ; D. F. Jar-
man, St. John's College ; C. W. Dyer, Emmanuel
College.
B.A. Alexander Denistoun, Trinity College ;
John Ismay French, Trinity College; Astley Cooper,
St. John's College ; Fred. Francis Tracy, Christ's
College.
At the same congregation the following graces
passed the Senate :
masterl of St. cth
.T oappoinattharns
eiVelcefiail;Dr. c
Chancellor;a rarell
.I:hmilapsottetr,
of Christ's College ; Mr. Romilly, the registrar of the
University ; Mr. Wilkinson, of King's College ; Mr.
Reyner, of St. John's College ; and Mr. Witts, of
King's College : a syndicate to consider the steps
proper to be taken by the senate for carrying into
effect the purposes announced in the communication
received by the Vice-Chancellor from the provost
and scholars of King's College, on May Ist of the
present year ; and to report thereon to the Senate by
the middle of the Lent Term, 1852.
2. On the recommendation of the Hulse trustees :
To grant a piece of land, not exceeding an acre and
three roods, part of the Hulse property, in the parish
of Sandbach, for the site of a parsonage.
3. To allow Mr. Shilleto, of Trinity College, to
take out the MSS. marked Kk. 5. 19, and Nn. 3.
18, under the usual bond.

4. The period of five years for which Smith, the
fourth library keeper, was appointed being about to
expire, to re-appoint him (on the recommendation of
the Library Syndicate) for a further period of five
years, with a salary of sixty-five guineas a year,
being an increase of five guineas a year on his pre-
sent salary.
GREEK.—The Greek Professor has given notice
that the subject of his next course of lectures will he
" the Pytbian and Isthmian Odes of Pinder." The
lectures will be given in one of the lecture-rooms of
Trinity College (ground floor, No. 2), and will com-
mence on Tuesday, the 10th day of February next, at
one o'clock, to be continued every Tuesday, Thursday,
and Seturday. The lectures will be free.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

WARWICK AND LEAMINGTON NOVEMBER

MEETING.-WEDNESDAY.

A Free Handicap (Hurdle Race), of 5 soul. each, and 30
added. Two miles, over five hurdles. (16 Subs.)
Mr. Carov.'d Bullfinch, 4 yrs 9st 81b (Boyce) 1
Lord Lurgan's Fugitive, aged, lOst 101 b (S. Darling) 2
Mr. Palmer na Sir Robert, lOst 41b (R. Sly, jun.) 3
Mr. Choyce's Bedford, 4 yrs, 9st 91b ( rasker) 4
Mr. Davenport na lialt-and-half, lOst 101 b (Archer) 0
Mr. C. Iliggin's Maria Monk, lOst 2lb (Planner) 0
Mr. H. Dre,'S Ballet Gill, 4 yrs, lOst 21b ...(Yates) 0
Captain O'llonoghue's Perjury (late Pander), lOst 0
Mr. Saunders na Pay-your-debts, 9st I Ilb (Bradley) 0
Mr. Williams's Flirt, 9st 10lb (J. Holman) 0
Mr. C. Higgins's Forest Lad, 96t 10lb (carried lOst) 0
Betting-9 to 4 agst Half-and-half, 4to 1 agst Ballet
Girl, 6 to 1 each agst Fugitive, Sir Robert, Maria Monk
and Bullfinch, and 10 to 1 agst Pay-your-debts.
Won by a length; Sir Robert a bad third. Ballet Girl
fell at the last hurdle.

The Hunt Cup Steeplechase Stakes of 10 sovs. each.
The winner to be sold for 1501., &c. Three miles.

(10 Subs.)
Mr. C. IL Carew's Prcceed (501.), lOst 131 b (Oliver) 1
Mr. Thoobald's Hinton (504 lOst 61b ...(Burrower) 2
Mr. Price's Bullfincher (501), lOst 131 b ...(Frisby) 3
Lord Waterford's The Hero, llst 71b (Mr. Hamilton) 4
Mr. Lindow's Auctioneer (1001.), list 7th (Owner) 0
Betting-5 to 4 agst Proceed, and sto 2 agst Hinton.
Won easy by two lengths—half a length between se-
cond and third. Auctioneer fell, and did not pass the
chair.

The Grand Open Steeplechase, free handicap of 20
soya. each; 10 ft, and 100 added; the second to sate
his stake. Gentlemen riders. Four miles. (26 Subs.)
Captain Forster's Oscar, 6 yrs, 9st 41b ......(Wynne) I
Mr. T. 011iver's Maurice Dairy, aged, 9st...(Tasker) 2
Lord Waterford'. Lord George, 6 yrs, 12st 41b (Ryan) 3
Mr. Corew's British Yeoman, aged, llst 41b (Bayne) 0
Mr. &Arnett's Sir Peter Laurie, list 41b (liolman) 0
Lord Lurgam's St. Helier, 6 yrs, lOst 81b...(Darling) 0
Mr. Carew's Miss Mowbray, aged, lOst 61h (01liver) 0
Mr. Booth's Verax, aged, lOst (J Holman) 0
Mr. A. Routh's Recruit, 9st 121 b (Manning) 0
Mr. Thompson's Hardwick, 9st 121 b ...(11. Bradley) 0
Mr. Land's Defaulter, 6 yrs, 9st 101 b (Owner) 0
Mr. Gooch's Victress, 9st Sib (Fowler) 0
Betting-2 to 1 agst Miss Mowbray, sto 1 agst Hard-
wick, 5 to 1 agst Victress, 6 to 1 agat Sir Peter Laurie,
6 to 1 agat Lord George, 7 to 1 agst Oscar, and 10 to l
aget British Yeoman. Won by two lengths, half a length
Lb
Ithwrei
ee n s
fifth;ec o
aarnddiv
chd
hi
Recruit,Victress fourth, an
and iiod dindzStotrh Peter
Laurie fifth; Hard wick, Recruit, and Loddir.gton were
hors de combat early in the race.
Free Handicap (Steeplechase) of 5 sovs, each, and 25
added. Three miles. (8 Subs.)
Mr. E. B. Clark's Gulnare (301.) 9st 41b (Boyce) 1
Mr. Price's Bullfincher (601.), 9st 91b (Archer) 2
Mr. J. Bell's Elizana, 6 yrs (301.), 9st 21b (Fowler) 3
Mr. Land's Frank (601.), 9st Illb (Owner) 0
Mr. Dallimore's Kossuth (301.), Oat 91b ...(Burrows) 0
Mr. Jennings's The Pope (801.), 9st 61b (Wynne)
Betting-2 to 1 agat The Pope, sto 2 agst Elizana,
and 4 to 1 agat Gulnare. Won easy.
CHESTER CUP BETTING.
1,000 to 15 each taken about Pitsford, Le Juif, Black
Doctor, Trickatress, Grand Duke, Ringleader, Koh.i-
noor, Merrybird, and Cardinal Wiseman.
HUNTING APPOINTMENTS.
The Tiverton
Sat,, fox hds, Mon. Raekenford Bell; Thurs.
mo
tion; Thurs. at Wta
Cove;
isfod
rtl.
Mon. 8, Gogland Planta-

OMNIBUS FAREs.—There has been a further re-
duction of the omnibus fares, within these few days, on
several of the established lines of road in the metropolis,
and to and from the suburban ;districts. The vehicles on
the New-road line to the Bank announcerds . the
a lowcaerrnf fare forot.
passengers to and from King's-!ros for
lne," Pimlico omnibuses, which
of road. The
"Royal 13
maintained the fourpenny fare for the entire distance to
this distance than has before existed on this important lire
and from the City,
now reduced to 3d. for the whole
journey,
hsae
the
omnibuses which run to and from
the nearer thesame
portions as
Pimlico and Westminster. The cheap
rates of travelling ned a few
4
on the Oxford-street and Holborn line
continue as s
days ago. The effect of the oppo-
sition vehicles on
the fares of the omnibuses generally has
not been con
fined to those employed exclusively in running
from one end to the other of the metropolis ; for we find that
the
Putney, Fulham, and Brompton omnibuses have lessened
the fares to and from several points of the journey in and out
of town; and the long-journey omnibuses, which run to and
from the City to Hammersmith, Brenttord, and Hounslow,
announce a greater adoption of small fares to and from the
several places of importance along the line of road. This
evinces the advantages to the public arising from the recent
movement in this matter, and it now seems more than proba-
ble that the residents of the metropolis and the suburban dis-
tricts will have greater facilities for travelling by these con-
venient vehicles and at cheaper rates than has ever before
been the case.

One of the Liverpool pilots was drowned on Fri-
day in the channel, near Ormshead. Two boats were ap-
proaching for the purpose of transferring two hands, when
the maiuboom of one gibed and struck the pilot with such
force as to knock him overboard. Lifebuoys were imme•
diately thrown out and every effort made to save him; but
the unfortunate man sank to rise no more. The deceased
was only twenty-four years of loge.
Papers from Auckland, New Zealand, to the 27th of
August, have been received. There was little local intelligenceof interest, but it appeared that the plan of establishing pro.
vincial councils had been approved by the home Government,
pending the adoption of more comprehensive measures. The
latest news from Wellington as to legislative proceedings re.
ferred to the discussion of the estimates. From the south
information had arrived of the wreck, near Cape Terawiti, of
the Maria, a brig of 400 tons, on her voyage from Wellington
to Lyttelton.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Ender the Patronage of her Majesty and his Itoyal Highness
Prince Albert.
vroprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty.
The most successful and popular Theatre in London.
Azael still continues the Star of the Theatrical World.
THIS EVENING,
Will be produced new grand Spectacle, from the pen of E. Fitzbap,
Esq., and written expressly for this establishment, entitled
AZ,AEL, in which will be introduced the same highly-trained
Horses and Camels that appeAred in the Opera at her Majesty's
Theatre, with an addition of Ostriches, Zebras, &c., &c., the whole
of the well known resources of Astley's. It has been pronounced by
public epinion to be the most gorgeous and effective production ever
witnessed within the walls of a theatre, assisted with magnificent
scenery and brilliant costumes. The new Dramatic Performers
having achieved an unparalleled triumph, will have the the honour
of appearing every evening until further notice.
With Batty's Grand Scenes of the Arena, embracing the largest
Equutrian Company in Europe, represented by Foreign and British
Male and Female Artists of superior talent.
To oonclude with the laughable Afterpiece of THE DAY AFTER
THE FAIR.
Tickets to be had at the Sex-office from Eleven till Four daily.
.tsge Manager. Mr. T. Thompson.

-a:au WATEA AT LONDON BRIDO4
Tim DAY —horning 23 min. after 4 lEvening 43 min after 4
To-Moasow—Morning 5 min. alter 5 Evening 26 min alter 5