The Sun.
London, England, 1856-09-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LO DON, FRIDAY ik'VENiple, SEP EMBEft '1856

THVATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith.
THIS EVENING

THE LADY OF LYONS.

Followed by
TWICE KILLED.
To conclude with
A BALLET DIVERTIS4E3IENT.

ROYAL PR)}:CESS'S THEATRE,
(fader the :Sfar..sement qr. Ca&RLEB KEAN.

Tata ytiTP:NTIVO.
MUSIC H kTH CHARMS.
After whicn,
PIZARRO.

Rolla, by Mr. C. Kean ; Flvira, by Mrs. C. Kean.

To conclude with
A PRL E FOR AN HOUR

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Under the Management of Mr. Bookatons.

THra EVENTNG,

THE BEAUX' STRA.TAGIM

Followed by
The Spanish Dancers.

After which,

CHARLES TFIE SECOND.
To conclude with
THE SPANISH SERJEANT.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE„
Under the management of Mr. Charles Dillon,

T RIS EVENING,
BE LPHEGOR.

Belphegor, Mr. Chas. Dillon; Madeline, Mrs. Chas. Dillon.
To he followed by W. Brough's new ButiPscine,
PERDITA, THE ROYAL MILE.MATO ; or, a Winter's Tale.

Florin!, Mrs. A. Mellon (late miss Wool •ar) ; Autolycus, Mr. J.
L. Toole; Hermione, Mrs. Thicitingharn White ; Leontes, Mr. 5,
Calhaem ; Polixines, King of Bithvnia. Mr. Wm. Br ,u7h (his first
appearance on any gage) ; Fast Time, Miss Harriet Gordon ; Per-
dita. Miss Marie Wilton; k”tigonus, N. r. Barrett. Miss Rosina
Wright. and a grand Corps de Ballet.

•
Stalls. ss. ; Dress Circle 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 3s. ; Plt 2e.; Gallery.
Is. Commence at 7. Ilalf-price to all parts at 9. Box Office open
daily from 11 till 4.

ROYAL THEATRE ADELPHI.
Proprlator and Manager, Mr. B. webster.

Directress, Madame Celeste,
THIS EVPINDTG.

IRELAND AS IT IS.

Followed by
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

To conclude with
IRISH ASSURANCE AND YANKEE MODESTY.

ASTLETS ROYAL AMPFIITTIRATRE.

Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke.

THIS EVENING,
Seventh Week ! Shakspere's RICHARD THE THIRD, with the
introductioh of horses. The equestrian ll'u=trations iin,ginei by Mr.
W. Cooke. Death of White Surrey. (Vide "Illustrated News," of
Saturday, 6th.) Rattle of Bosworth Field, &c.

After which,
The EQUESTRIAN GEM-I in the CIRCLE.
To conclude with a number of other Entertainments.
Box-office open fr_mi Eleven till Foiir. Stage Manager, Mr. NV.
West. Equestrian Director. Mr. -v. Co Ace,
N.R. Vide "Illustrated News of Sept. 6th for the Death of White
surrey.

RIGA. WATER. AT LONDON EIRIDrIg.
THIS DAY—Morn. 47 min. aft. 4 —Fvening 9 rain. aft, 5
To-Monnow—Morn. 32 rain. aft. s—Evening 52 uin. att 5

THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 19.
THERMOXETER, IN THE SHAWL
52 —highest sines noon yesterday.
50 —lowest this morning and during the night.
60 —this day at noon.
RA RC' &mint, 29.90—falling.
WIND, N.W.—Light, with cloudy weather.

STAMPED EDITION OF " THE SUN."
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past 5 till 7 o'clock every evening.

Subscribers in the Country will please to
observe that the heading " THIRD EDITION"

is always to be seen on the papers containing
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The Sun Office will remedy it.
Sun Office, 112, Strand.

(%,11
se

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1856,

The Austrian Charge d'.Affaires recently applied
to the French Government to prevent the collec-
tion of subscriptions for the purchase of guns for
the protection and armament of the fortress of
Alessandria. Since that time the Russian Envoy
has visited and minutely inspected the works, and
has doubtless communicited a full description
thereof to his Government. This intense anxiety
respecting a fortification purely of a defensive
character, and which has already rendered good
service to Piedmont, affords a significant hint as
to the intentions of two Emperors, and the promp-
titude with which the assurance was given by a
third that steps had already been taken in antici-
pation of the Austrian demand, discloses the
animus of the other wielder of an Imperial
sceptre.

forthwith adopted to check the evil, we shall, ere
another year has passed, witness a monetary panic
far more formidable in character, and serious in
its results, than that which led to the com-
mercial crisis of 1847. Why, then, should not
precautionary measures be forthwith adopted ?
Why should the fatal comment, "too late,"
be applicable to everything connected with the
administration of English affairs ? Under the
present iniquitous code there is no mode by which
the enormous exportation can be checked. So
long as it proves profitable to the speculators it
will continue, and the industrial population of the
country will have to endure the most fearful
misery and privations, in order that the money-
ocracy may still further enhance their overgrown
hoards. Large sums have already been with-
drawn from the country. And the Times, a good
authority on such a point, warns us that we must
look forward to the exportation of at least
eighteen millions of pounds sterling a
large portion thereof in silver, within the
year, commencing in July last. How, we
ask, can this be borne with the existing
money laws, the real cause of the national dis-
tress ? Should it take place, the Bank reserve,
as well as the notes in circulation, will be reduced
to the minimum amount, and there will not be
sufficient of the measure and representative of
value in the hands of the public to carry on the
transactions of every-day life. Our fellow-citizens
will be subjected to the fate of TANTALUS, being
starved in the sight of plenty, while the currency
quacks are carrying out their heartless views.
As fve have already stated, there is but one
efficient remedy—one mode by which we can
escape from the difficulty. We must economise
the precious metals—must provide a substitute
for the sovereigns—which aro now used merely
as counters, where one pound notes would far
more efficiently discharge the rtecessary functions.
These notes being issued on National security
would be perfectly safe. There could, in fact,
be no possibility of failure, or even of deprecia-
tion. While some 65,000,00 01. is annually re-
quired by the exigencies of tb.e Exchequer, any•
thing that would satisfy the claims of the tax-
ga,herer, and render his visits —neither few nor
far between—less formidable, would not be re-
garded as merely " worthless rags." They would
gladly be received by butcher, baker, and all
these with whom the anxious pater familias is
brought into daily contact. 'The certainty that
every person could forthwith pass them at their
nominal value would insure t'neir efficacy. This
is, then, what we require. The issue of really
national notes of small denomi nations, in quanti-
ties sufficient to provide for the domestic circula-
tion of the country, with these we could weather
the storm ; without
,them we !shall thave to go
through an ordeal of no ordinary magnitude.
Mr. JAMES WILSON has already clearly and dis-
tinctly pointed out that the issue of twenty mil-
lions of Government one-pound notes would be
equivaleAt to the discovery of a store of gold of
equal amount in the heart of England ! Why do
we not profit by the information ? Why do we
remain indifferent on a subject of such vital im-
portance, on which the welfare and happiness of the
great majority of the people so greatly depend ?
It is indeed hard to account for this extraordinary
apathy. The bullionists have contrived to mystify
the question, and to puzzle those who have not
devoted time and consideration thereto. But the
matter must ere long force itself into general
notice ; and surely we should not wait until the
evil has arisen. The stable door should be fas-
tened while the steed is still slfe. The Bank
Charter Act must be revoked next ses-
sion ; and surely the topic is of suf-
ficient importance not merely to justify,
but imperatively to require a winter session. It
would offer a far better return for the senatorial
labours than the Foreign Enlistment Bill, which
embroiled us with America, and gave us only a
German Legion, to be handsomely provided for
at the expense of the English veterans who have
borne the burden of the war.

A National Treasure has just been secured by
the expenditure of 3,8201. sterIing—SHAKSPERE'S
birthplace, the cottage in which the " Immortal
Bard" was born in the some time village, now the
flourishing market-town of Stratford-upon-Avon !
Good news this, we take it, for every true-hearted,
right-minded Englishman. No more fear now of
a long-dreaded and at one time apparently an
imminently impending desecration. The crumbling
brickwork and worm-eaten rafters are no longer,
thank Heaven, in danger of being carted away for
so much " builders' rubbish"—as happened not
very long ago (don't we all of us bitterly remem•
her that act of clerical Vandalism !) in regard to
another classic tenement—SHAKSPERE'S death-
place, not a couple of furlongs from SHAKSPERE'S
birthplace, in that same world-famous Stratford-
upon-Avon. So that there actually remains no
longer any vestige a t all of New Place—the com-
fortable dwelling-house in which the greatest poet
the world ever saw breathed, his last on the me-
morable fifty-second anniversary of his birth : such
a world of glory, of wisdom, and of poetry being
comprised within the narrow span of time be-
tween April the 23J, 1564, and April the 23J,
1616, the dates of the coming and of the going of
our glorious Dramatist ! Years ago—and the
honoured home in which he expired was wantonly
' rased to the ground by the petulance of a spiteful
Ignoramus, who even took a certain strange and
despicable pleasure in tearing up by the roots the
venerable mulberry tree said to have been planted
two centuries gone-by ix the adjacent garden-plot
by the glorious hand of WILLIAM SMAKSPERE !
Remembering which same heathenish atrocity the
lovers of the name and fame thus outraged beyond
the reach of reparation, feared, and not without much
reason, lest some evil chance might in a similar man-
ner sweep from the surface of the earth the other,
the earlier and humbler home ofSHARSPERE at Strat-
ford-upon-Avon. Hence the effort recently made
for its purchase by a sort of national subscription.
The effort but just now crowned with a success so
signally satisfaCtory. The SHAKSPERE'S House
Cammittee having at length been able to realise
its design completely—buying at once and for
ever not merely the cottage itself, but the adjoin-
ing tenements to the right hand and to the left ;
a judicious supplementary purchase, enabling
them to insulate from the accidents of fire and
other casualties the humble pile in Henley-street,
the object of so much natural veneration.
It is at once curious and interesting to relate how
all this has but just now been so very happily ac-
complished. Tile final purchase-money having been
munificently supplied by:one JOHN SHAKSPEARE, a
large-hearted, open-handed gentleman, of Leices-
tershire. A namesake—this-----of the Poet's Father,
a namesake still living amongst us, and long may
he still continue to live amongst us—the worthy
Preserver of a wealth ho.knows how to distribute,
of a name lie knows how to honour, of an enthu-
siasm he knows how to demonstrate ! A sum of
2,500/. in rieging golden coin of the realm has this
noble spirited Leicestershire gentleman paid over
to complete the purchase for the nation of the poor
little cottage in which the "Immortal Bard" was
born—a cottage glorified into a shrine by his
advent, as the cottage of BAIICIS and PHILEI O2f

The fact is that as a Constitutional Government,
one of the few still remaining in Europe, Sardinia,
is peculiarly distasteful to Despots. It is only
less obnoxious than Great Britain, and, from its
position, attempts may be more easily made
against integrity and independence. It is
particularly the bete noir of the Red Emperor.
As the recognised champion of Italian freedom it
disturbs his rest, and, like HAMAN of old, he in-
dulges his spleen so far that he can never be
happy SO long as VICTOR, EMMANUEL, the modern
MORDEV 11, retains his position amongst the poten-
tates cf Europe.

We have thus rRANCIS JOSEPH to bully ;
ALEXANDER, the recently-annointed. Czar and
Pope, to spy ; and Lours NAPOLEON to play their
game so far as his authority can extend. They
are indeed par nobile fratrum, each doing his best,
or rather his worst, within his own sphere to
crush constitutionalism in any territory where it
can be discovered. Their feelings are mani-
fested by their conduct respecting Alessan-
dria. But, fortunately, Englishmen are not
bound to respect their wishes. They can
still "do as they like with their own ;" and neither
Prince, Emperor, Czar, nor Kaiser can control
their determination. Why, then, should not the
subscription, checked if not prohibited in France,
be carried out in England, so as to achieve its
object, to render Alessandria, if not impregnable,
at least so strong as to delay for a considerable
time the progress of any invader. VICTOR Em-
MA.NITEL now leads the vanguard of those arrayed
under the banner of freedom. Any reverse which
he might sustain would be fatal to the cause every
Englishman must have at heart, and Great Britain
would probably be selected as the next victim.
VICTOR EatatANuEL possesses irresistible claims on
our gratitude. When Austria was basely tern-
porising, and Prussia professing a despicable neu-
trality, he came nobly forward, and with heroic
confidence flung himself into the breach. Look-
ing merely to the past, he would be entitled to
any assistance which he could require. But be-
yond the mere matter of gocd feeling, we should
for our own sakes render it freely and liberally ;
for although he may have to bear the
brunt of the encounter, we may rest assured
that, should he fall, our day of trial cannot long
be deferred With a Government strongly in-
fluenced by the spirit of Germanism, no national
pecuniary assistance can be anticipated. But there
is nothing to prevent individual efforts, which
should be the more energetic in consequence of
the apathy and indifference of the Cabinet.

The continued drain of the precious metals, to
which we yesterday adverted, is indeed a matter
of serious importance to the industrial interests
of the country. Unless adequate measures be

was glorified by the fabled advent of JUPITER I
For the particulars of this remarkable act of
munificence on the part of " JOHN SHAKSPEA RE,
of Leicester, Esquire," we are indebted to that
pl.easant, garrulous, bird-like Gossip in the
illustrated London News, who delights the public
week by week--(under the slovenly heading of
"Town and Table Talk in Literature, Art, arc.")---
with so many appetising scraps of agreeable and
out-of-the-way intelligence. Not any more de-
lectable crumb of comfort has he yet given us than
the one now devoured with such eager avidity--..the
one which assures us that a not unworthy name-
sake of the Great Poet has at length secured to
the English nation the possession henceforth
(until its solid bricks and rafters shall have
crumbled into dust) of the cottage consecrated by
the homage of three centuries, visited by so many
obscure and famous pilgrims, and regarded by all
with such natural and enduring interest as the
birth-place of the greatest of all Englishmen I

BABY FRANCE'S INVITATION.

PARIS, 16 Mars, 1856,
Now, All you Children,
Born to-day,
I here invite with me to play,
As soon as you " bonjour" can say,
And toddle out our Paris way.

I'll have a palace full of toys,
Tops, marbles, whips, and guns for boys;
'Of mimic war we'll taste the joys,
The drum makes such a charming noise.
Or, if a little lass you be,
Of dolls you'll find variety,
With egea that move—and almost see,
And say, " Mamma, come quick ! dress me."

We'll have a play-ground and a hall,
Where boys may play at bat and ball;
And girls may feign a morning call,
Or drape their doll in evening shawl.

And, should a doll behave ill-bred,
Tears in a corner shall be shed,
As you have wept, by Jeannette led
Upstairs—when whipt and pat to bed.
We'll plr4 a play as Kings and Queens,
Or sfrdpherds dance in rural scenes,
Ar.d money count with shells and beans,
Ind keep shop with our little means.
We'll dine—and, all set round, partake
Of wine, and fruit, and jam, and cake,
And jelly—in a natural quake!
Where children their appearance make.
And when gay daylight has expired—
(As all our friends have long desired !)
Within our cots we'll slumber tired,
By all our dear Mammas admired !

So will we imitate of right
All that our ELDERS doth delight,
Who laugh and cry—and kiss and fight
Their little day—and, then—" Good Night."
For NiP-EuctiN-Louis-JsA.N-JosEPR (File de France:
Given at our Cradle at the Tuileries,
Signed {
LH: gu7-EGloNvEEsßaivic BB }Childoofflerance.

INDIAN BITER NATIGATION.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

9, Eilliter-street, London, 13th September, 1856.
SlR,—The rapid manner in which the shares in all un-
dertakings lately projected for developing the resources of
India have been taken up by the public shows the interest
which India is beginning to 'excite in this country, and
the perception of the enormous resources and the remune-
rative character of public works in that great dependency.
This more general appreciation of the vast capabilities of
India has been very much promoted by the lectures and
publications of Colonel Cotton, late Chief Engineer of
Madras, on the subject of Indian improvements, and,
with your permission, I will recapitulate, for the informa-
tion of your reader, the conclusions arrived at by this emi-
nent authority.

Colonel Cotton states that the primary wants of India
are cheap means of internal communication, and a large
distribution of water for the purposes of irrigation. From
the want of cheap means of internal communication, the
productions of the interior of the countrycannot be brought
to a port of shipment in any considerable quantities, nor
can British manufactures, especially of the cheaper kinds,
be carried into the interior to that extent which would
otherwise be possible. Great losses, not merely to the In-
dian Government and the native population, but also to
the producing population of this country, consequently
ensue. If the resources of India were properly developed
she would be able to purchase nearly all the manufactures
we produce, and would be able to supply us in return with
moat of the commodities which we at present require to
import from foreign countries. The first step in this
course of development must be to cheapen the internal
communications. The proportion of produce paid to the
Government as rent has often to be left to rot upon the
ground. The energies of the country, indeed, are para-
lysed by the existing difficulties of locomotion, since there
is no inducement to raise produce for which, from the ex-
pense of transport, a remunerative market cannot be ob-
tained.

To alleviate the difficulties of internal transport in
India several railways have of late years been constructed
in that country. Colonel Cotton, however, maintains that
although railways are in many situations important aids
to internal communication, that the bulk of the traffic in
Indian produce must be carried on by means of the great
rivers, as in America and other extensive tracts of country,
inasmuch as it is only by water communication that the
necessary cheapness of transport for rough and bulky
articles—such as agricultural produce for the most part is
—can be obtained. Railways in India will be useful for
the transmission of passengers and of light, expensive, and
perishable articles, for which rapidity of transmission is
important. But water conveyance can alone insure suffi-
cient cheapness of locomotion to bring the wheat, sugar,
cotton, and other agricultural produce from the heart of a
great country like India to our shores, and by establishing
steam navigation of a suitable character upon the rivers
this object would be at once attained. At present the
boats navigating the rivers of India have to be dragged by
manual labour upwards against the stream ; but by the
use of steam this heavy expense and feeble process will be
exchanged for the cheapness and efficiency due to the use
of that power, and the whole heart of the country will be
effectually opened up.
Such, then, are the main conclusions of Colonel Cotton
upon this subject, and their soundness has been manifested
by adequate experiment. Already has steam navigation
been established upon several of the rivers of India with
very advantageous results. The last dividend of the Ganges
Steam Navigation Company was at the rate of 48 per cent.
per annum, and the last return of a navigation company
on the Godavery was at the rate of 65 per cent. per an-
num. These companies, however, are totally unable to
fill the immense field which India presents for river navi-
gation of a profitable character; and some of the support.
ers of those undertakings, and other persons practically
acquainted with the subject, have associated themselves to
establish an English company, which, by the use of an
adequate capital, and by calling in the aid of European
science to aid Indian experience in the wide introduction
of steam navigation of the most suitable character, will, it
may fairly be hoped, succeed in opening up the communi•
cations of India in an efficient manner, to the great advan-
tage of that country, at the same time that it insures for
its shareholders returns of a still more remunerative cha-
racter than any which have been already obtained. I have
long given to the subject my careful. attention ; and from
my personal examinations in India, and my cognisance of
the capabilities of steam navigation in other parts of the
world, I foresaw and predicted that it would prove largely
remunerative to persons embarking in it. The experiment
has now been tried ; the result has been successful--not, I
must say, beyond what I expected, but beyond what I con-
fessed; and now the problem is to occupy the field in an
effectual manner, as the merits of the undertaking and the
magnitude of the field equally justify and demand.

I have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient ser-
vant, JOHN BOURNE.

REDUCTION OF TEE RUSSIAN ARMY.

We hear there is to be no more recruiting for the
next three years, and this negative measure would
in a few years more reduce the army by 100,000
or 110,000 men. It is also said that there will be
a great reduction in the actual existing strength,
by the diminution of the strength of companies and
the disbanding of one battalion of each regiment.
If this be true the Russian army will in a short
time be less by 200,000 men the complement as-
signed to it by official documents before the war.

DIINKELD, Sept. 16.—The Marquis of Lansdowne,
K.G., arrived at Birnam Hotel on Tuesday afternoon,
and proceeded northward, on his way to Dunrobin
Castle, on Wednesday, to pay a visit to his Grace the
Duke of Sutherland. The noble marquis was in excel.
lent health and spirits.
ROYAL Durum BANK.-A body of the shareholders
yesterday had an interview with the directors of the
Royal British Bank to ascertain the result of the inves•
tigation into their accounts, and it appears that the
liabilities of the bank will be about 540,0001., and the
assets about 340,0001, The directors have resolved that
the remaining 604 per share shall be at once called up.

COURT CIRCULAR.

BALMORAL, SEPT. 17.
Her Majesty the Queen and his Royal Highness the
Prince Consort drove out yesterday aitethoon, accom-
panied by bis Royal Highness the Prince of Orange and
his Serene Highness the Prince Eel ward of Saxe-Weimar.
In the morning the Prince of Orange went out deer
stalking.

The Royal dinner party yesterday included his Royal
Highness the Prince of Orange, her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Kent, his Serene Highness Prince Edward
of Saxe-Weimar, her Serene Highness Princess Amalie
of Hohenlohe-Schillingfurst, Lady Augusta Bruce, and
Lord James Murray.

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived at Cam-
bridge House, Piccadilly, yesterday, from St. Leonard's.
Despatches were received at the CJlonial-office yes-
terday, from the Governors of Ceylon, Hong Kong,
Mauritius, Western Australia, and Malta.

LATEST NE WS.

MADRID, SEPT. 17.

The constitution, as well as the additional act,
has been verylfavourably received. Nothing has
yet been decided on relative to the sale of church
property and the question of the octroi duties.

A telegraphic despatch from Vienna announces
that of the 12th the King of Naples had received
Baron de Hubner. It is known that the
Austrian envoy is charged with a mission in
support of the remonstrance of the Western
Powers.

The International Congress of Beneficence held its
first (sitting at Brussels on the 15th. After a speech
from M. Rogier, who was re-elected president by accla-
mation, the assembly proceeded to the business of the
day. A letter was read from the Intendant of the Civil
List, announcing that his Majesty the King of the
Belgians would honour the Congress with his presence
on the 17th.
CHEAP SATURDAY EVENING CONCERTS FOR THE MIL-
LION.—it is said that a gentleman who was some years
since favourably known as the manager of popular con-
certs in London is in negotiation with the St. George's-
hall Committee, Liverpool, with the view of giving
ftionstre Saturday evening concerts in the large music-
hall at rates of admission which will allow the working
people to be constant visitors there.
SALMON FISHERY IN SCOTLAND.—The salmon fishing
in Scotland closed on Saturday. The season has been
upon the whole a deficient one; the greatest deficiency
has been in the seacoast fishings and in grilse. Rod
fishing had latterly improved, particularly in Aberdeen
and Banffshire, but here also the season has been unfa-
vourable.
We referred a few days ago to the sale of four of the
smaller vessels of the General Screw Steam Shipping
Company. Two of these, viz., the Propontis and the
Harlingen, were purchased, we understand, by a Russian
naval emcee. of rank for account of the Russian Govern-
ment. The sum paid for them is stated to be 23,0001.,
a price which seems to be considered satisfactory to the
shareholders. It is also reported that the directors are
in treaty for the sale of twelve of the larger vessels.
wniicnlge
givAesngrOHelgaPtlSperoomneiLnenCceouir
itEseire.
announcement :—" His worship the Mayor of Bath,
oTurrmb ne s oa thh e fCo hl
lroo
Mr. W. Bush, has had the honour of receiving, through
the Lord Bishop of Durham, a remarkably fine haunch
of venison from his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury,
ay a slight acknowledgment of his Grace's appreciation
of the mayor's courtesy and arrangements for the com-
fort and convenience of the court lately assembled in this
city to adjudicate in the case of ' Ditcher v. Denison.' "
PERVERSION IN HIGH LIFE. —The Northern Times, a
Roman Catholic paper published in Scotland, says :
" Her Grace the Duchess Dowager of Argyll, who has
I lately renounced the errors of Protestantism, received
the Holy Sacrament of Confirmation on Saturday last
at 7 o'clock a.m., at the Cathedral of St. Andrew's, in
this city (Glasgow). Her Grace subsequently heard
mass, and participated in the Holy Communion. The
celebrant on the occasion was his lordship (!) the Right
Rev. Bishop Murdoch, V.A.E.D."
THE LIVERPOOL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND THE
BELGIAN CONGRESS.—LIVERPOOL, Thursday Evening.—
eke the meeting of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce
this day, it was resolved, after an able and earnest, but
very temperate discussion, on the motion of Mr. J. R.
Jeffery, seconded by Mr. R. Gladstone, that Mr. C.
Holland, the chairman, Mr. J. Torn, the vice-chairman,
and Mr. J. Aikin, the treasurer, should constitute a de-
putation to the Free Trade Congress of Brussels, en be-
half of the chamber; and that Mr. W. Brown, M.P. for
South Lancashire, and M. J. C. Ewart and Mr. Hors-
fall, the two members for the borough, should be invited
to accompany them.
FETE AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE.—A circular, addrestelld
to the principals of establishments, to the following effect,
has been issued from the Early Closing Association:—
"I take the liberty of informing you that the directors
of the Crystal Palace Company have kindly consented
that Saturday, the 20th September, shall be a shilling
day ; and that the Early Closing Association shall re-
ceive part of the proceeds of all such tickets as may be
sold through its instrumentality. The board of manage-
ment are desirous, therefore, on pecuniary grounds, that
the attendance of visitors should be numerous ; and also
because of the hope that it may encourage the directors,
ere long, to make Saturday a general shilling day. Under
these circumstances, the board will take it as a great
favour, if, amongst your personal friends, and the mem-
bers of your establishment, you will obligingly use
your influence to secure a large company on the oc-
casion."
BORTH AND EAST TAMAR MlKE.—There is no proba-
bility of the agents of these mines being able to re-open
and work them. In South Tamar the water in the
shafts rises and falls with the tides. A great deal of
timber has come up the shaft from the 30 and 60 fathom
levels. A great deal of timber has also come up to the
surface in the river. On Saturday last, the water in the
South Tamar shaft suddenly tell 14 feet. It must have
found a way into the East Tamar sett, as the water was
then higher in the river than it was in the shaft. In
East Tamar the works are entirely suspended. The
water is here rising rapidly, having broken through the
slide in the level between the mine and South Tamar.
At present the water is above the 60 fathom level, and
is rising fast.
THE CWMDYLE ROCK MINING COMPANY.—The wind-
ing up of this company proceeds on the petition of Mr.
J. E. Delamere and Mr. G. E. Beckers, two of the share-
holders, who state that it was formed in 1850 to work
copper mines in Beddgelert, Carnarvonshire, under a
lease from Sir R. Bulkeley, with a capital of 30,0001.,
in 10,000 shares of 3/. each. Mr. Delamere subscribed
for 582 shares, and Mr. Beckers for 696, and paid the
deposits thereon. The mines, which are situated on the
side of Snowdon,,were worked, but no profit was derived
to the shareholders, and there are debts and liabilities
amounting to 2,0681. to be discharged. The working of
the mine is now only carried on to a limited extent,
principally to avoid forfeiture of the lease, and it is alleged
that the difficulties in which the company have been
placed, arose principally from the fact of its having com-
menced operations with a very small working capital.
EXTRAORDINARY SUraIDE.—A suicide of a most de
termined character was committed a few days ago in
the Devon County Gaol, Exeter. An old man, named
William Aggett, had been committed from Prince
Town, Dartmoor, to take his trial on a charge of steal-
ing timber. He had, it appeared, cherished hopes of an
acquittal, but a short time ago his son was committed
on a similar charge to the same gaol. This evidently
preyed upon his mind, and one morning Aggett was
found suspended to a water-pipe in his cell. He bad
only one arm, and this he had tied across his belly
with whanilkerchief, and had also tied his legs together.
He had taken other precautions to carry out his pur-
pose quietly, and bad contrived to hang himself with a
eiece of tar rune which he had to pick into oakutn. His
seck was not 'dislocated, but he was dead when found
by the warder.
CROSSING THE LINE.--Amongst the vessels composing
the squadron lying off the west coast of Africa, there is
one (the Heels) just gone out to join those already there.
On crossing the line the savage ceremony of "shaving "
was performed on about 90 unfortunate sailors. Amongst
-.hem was one poor fellow, named Henry Green, who,
after having been subjected to the infamous shaving pro-
res., in order to escape being dragged into the water by
those ruffians stationed near him for the purpose, at-
tempted to jump into it. In the attempt, however, he
knocked his head against some part of the vessel, and
in a short time expired. On making a post-mortem
examination it was found that the poor creature's neck
was broken. The poor fellovi leaves a wife and family
in Plymouth to deplore his loss. This barbarous custom
is forbidden by the Admiralty, and it will be very strange
should the conduct of the officer in command of the Hecla ,
on this occasion be allowed to pass without inquiry.
THE GREAT COMET.—The German astronomers are
divided in their opinions as to the reappearance of the
great comet of 1556, and their learned discussions on the
subject take up a great deal of room in the limited
columns of their newspapers. It was known that Peter
Fabricius, a famous Austrian mathematician of those
days, had written a very erudite dissertation at the time,
and published his own observations of the comet, but
the work itself had been lost. A French translation,
however, printed in 1557, has. just been discovered by
the bookseller Herr K. F. Kohler, of Leipsie, amongst
his old books, and he is now reprinting it for general
sale. It is written in the form of a set of letters ad-
dressed to the Abbot of the Monastery at Lilienfield, in
Austria, and contains a series of illustrations, one of
which represents a segment of the starry firmament, on
which is marked the course of the comet according to
the mathematician's own observations.
THE PERA.—SOUTHAMPTON, Sept. 18.—This fine
crew steamer, now the largest of the Peninsular and
Oriental Company's fleet, arrived last night with the
Indian and Mediterranean mails, and has acnimplished
another rapid voyage from Alexandria. Although dur•
ing the out ward passage the Pere, owing to a succession
of strong head winds, was prevented from maintaining
her usual rate of speed, yet homewards, with many diffi-
culties to contend with, this fine steamer fully compen-
sated for the loss of time experienced after leaving
Southampton for Alexandria on the 20th ultimo. The
passengers from Calcutta who have arrived reach Eng-
land in considerable less time than ever yet effected, the
average speed maintained throughout the entire distance
(which is calculated at 7,950 nautical miles) being 101
knots per hour. The company's screw steamer Nubia
did the work on the ether side of the Isthmus, having
the monsoon to contend with the greater portion of the
way. When abreast the Cave Rocks, on the 11th inst.,
Captain Soy, the commander of the Pera, observed a
flag on them and men running about. Thinking they HOLLAND.
might be some of the crew of the recently wrecked THE HAGUE, SEPT. 15.
steamer Spartan, he bore away at once for the land, and r
when as near as was j
unicate. 'After being away about udeed safe he sent the chief offi-
ccr in a boat to comma thi,ile session of the States General was opened
day. The following is the text of the speech
an hour he discovered that they were three Arabs, wbo delivered by the King :
had come across from the mainland, and pitched a tent, Gentlemen,—To my great joy since I opened your last
probably with the view of picking up anything wbi, h session the war between Russia and the allies has ceased,
might remain of the wreck. Complaints have arrived and peace being re-established is already giving promise
by this packet of the inattention of the Cowes pilots. of beneficent fruits.
The Pera passed Portland at 6.30 p.m., St. Alban's-head I During those difficult circumstances we have main-
at 8, and the Needles at 9 p.m., with the weather Mode Wiled relations of good will and harmony with foreign
rate and fine, but did not see a pilot boat until she met powers, and we have every reason to rejoice in them at
with the company's own pilot off Leap. The importance this moment also.
of neglect of this description is easily understood, for in ; Our forces by land and sea fulfil honourably the duties
similar instances the ship may be detained several hours of their vocation.
outside the Needles, or incur the probability of an acci- The required increase of materiel continues to be the
dent in navigating that difficult part of the Solent, whicb, constant object of my care.
with mails, passengers, and a valuable cargo on board, ' OM) colonies and possessions in other parts of the world
is a matter of serious consideration. enjoy, generally speaking, a happy tranquillity. Dove.

The French Government, unless some unfore-
seen events occur, is about to recal M. Brenier
and the whole of the Embassy from Naples.
That diplomatist's last despatches do not now hold
out any hopes of an amicable settlement of the
Neapolitan difficulties.

M. Manin continues to receive numerous sub-
scriptions for the 100 cannons. Prom Bordeaux
alone he has a list of 306 persons offering 612 f.

The St. Petersburg correspondent of the Times
(second edition), in a letter dated Sept. 11, says ;
—As the Czar is his own Minister, and is un-
derstood to act entirely on his own judgment
and responsibility, people are naturally very
curious to know how he received the
Ministers to-day, and according to the stories
I hear, his Majesty was very gracious
to M. de Morny at the levee, and conversed with
him for some time. He alluded to the readi-
ness evinced by France to conclude the peace,
and to remove all impediments to an entente
cordiale. With Lord Granville he was, on
dit, more reserved, and he is understood to
have made some pointed allusions to the atti-
tude of the English Cabinet. "We were tres•lies
in days gone by," said his Majesty, " but it
is to be hoped that the estrangement will not con-
tinue." Lord Granville replied in a low tone of
voice. To Prince Esterhazy the manner of the
Emperor was at first exceedingly dry and cold, but
the veteran diplomatist spoke with such effect, and
gave such assurances of the sincere desire which
actuated a large party in Austria to return to their
premiers amours, that the Emperor was visibly
moved, and held out his hand ere the Prince
ceased. When the Turkish Minister was in-
troduced he read at some length his letters of
creances, but the Czar became impatient ere the
conclusion, and dismissed the Envoy with a few
short sentences. At the ball in the evening the
Empress danced with M. de Morny, Lord Gran-
ville, and the Turkish Minister. Shades of Ma-
hornet, Suleman the Magnificent, and Selim the
Terrible, what must ye have thought when the
Ambassador of the Sublime Porte led the Czarina
forth to the polonaise I The Emperor danced
with the Countess of Granville, and was very
gracious in his manner towards her.

FRANCE.

PARIS, THURSDAY ETZNING.

General d'Orgoui (says the Semaphore of Mar-
seilles), ambassador of the King of the Birmans,
has just arrived here in the Simcis. The general
has been at Alexandria for the last two months,
waiting for information from Paris as to whether
he would be received. It appears that the last
packet from Marseilles brought the requisite infor-
mation, and that an aide-de-camp of the Emperor
would receive the Birmese mission at Marseilles.
The Moniteur Algerien of the 10th, after giving
the details of the late affairs with the Kabyles,
adds some lines which leads to the belief that ex-
tensive military operations in Algeria will soon be
commenced. It says :—" Now that we have had
the time to assemble an imposing force at Dra el
Mizan, not only is there no longer any danger of
that post being attacked, but the moment is doubt,
less near when we shall assume the offensive, and
extend our dominion further. It is not, in fact,
sufficient for us to resist our enemies ; we must,
for our security, keep them always under the in-
fluence of our arms, and render it impossible for
them to recommence their attacks, either against
us, or against the tribes who have submitted to
our rule."

BOURSE, Sept. 18.—The following were the las
quotations : a

Cash. fr. a. End °Month.
4A per Cents (xd) ... 92 75 --f. —a.
3 per Cents 7O 50 70 60
New Loan 7O 50

Bank Shares 4,125 Roman
Credit Mobilier 1,710 Austrian
Belgian Fives — Spanish Threes
Piedmontese(s). 9l Home Debt

RAILWAYS-FOB CASE.

fr. c. fr. c
Orleans ......... ...... 1,360 Western 942 50
Northern - Strasburg
Lyons .«...1,335 New Ditto
Hediterranean 1,797 50 Grand Central 675
Lyons Geneva 785 Teste
Cette 727 50 Austrian C0rn....... 870

lopment and progress, both moral and material, are
making themselves apparent.
Nevertheless, we have to deplore great disasters which
have befallen some islands in the Archipelago of the
Moluccas. My government, supported by' public bene-
ficence, is endeavouring to alleviate their sad effects.
Although free trade with Japan has not yet been
obtained, vr,o are nevertheless striving with perseverance
to attain this result, In the, meantime, a provisional
convention has confirmed the -ancient treaties, has
facilitated the dealings of our chuntrymen there, and
rendered relations with the government of this country
more favourable. _ s-

The lot of the slaves in the western colonies does
not cease to form the subject of my dee? soticitude.
Measures have been taken for ameliorating their present
condition, in order to prepare their social reform, on
which head propositions will be 'submitted to you during
this session.

The interior state of the country ought to inspire us
with a deep feeling of gratitude.
Commerce, navigation, agriculture, and different
branches of industry are in a state that leaves nothing
to be desired.

Everything as yet announces alood harvest.
My attention continues to be: directed to all those
works that can insure the security and prosperity of the
country.
Mora rapid means of communication, so useful to its
external and internal traffic, ought not to be wanting to
the Netherlands.

The plans for railways warrant the hope of seeing
created a network of railways over the whole extent of
the land. May this hope not be disappointed ! I de-
pend on your co-operation for supporting, at the expense
of the State, private enterprises, where the resources of
the latter may be insufficient.
The favourable state of our finances will permit a con-
tinuation of the sinking fund for our debt, touching which
a project of law will be laid before you for your delibe.
ration.

Projects of law for the organisation of tribunals, for
a railway police, and other new projects, together with
the remanets of last sessioe,:,w4l be`presented to you.
The projects of law for, regulating the three branches
of public instruction will be brought before you at one
and the same time. By this means you will be better
enabled to preserve the necessary connection between
the parts that are intended to form an undivided whole.
To preserve its inviolability for everything belonging
to the domain of conscience is one of the traditional
duties transmitted to me by my ancestors. Impelled by
this motive, we have sought the means of removing, as
far as possible, the numerous st,tuples that the project of
law on primary education,bagieci::'rise to.
I wish to insure with your assistance to the Netherlands
scholastic institutions, in which the religious character
of the nation, formed and developed for ages by Chris-
tianity, may be respected, and which may consecrate at
one and the same time the requirements of science and
the principle of national unity,.
My serious intention is firfnfOli'tontinue developing
the moral strength and material iielfare of the people,
whose happiness is so dear to:tne.
The proofs of affection; of-wirich-I-and my house have
so often been the object, and,tvhicti,tas so recently been
lavished upon us during those festt:fals that recalled so
many honourable recollectionsi;sas'Well as the union and
fraternity we have seen give me the assurance
that I shall find the nationket44,yeintdts representatives,
ready to support me in m3* ieilli-rts4to consolidate the
progress of all that is good aiidaiiCand to prevent dis-
cord from ever taking root in 0ue441;
To this end may Almighty:Giaddign to bestow upon
your efforts and labours his indispensable benediction !
I declare the present sessitnrig-ne- States-General
opened.

TAxtv.,
The Opinione of TUr4 of the 16th inst., pub-
lishes a Royal decreo49o4eAty; with the follow-
ing preamble :
" Report, addressed to the King' by the Keeper of the
Seals, Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs, Grace and
Justice, at the audience of the 7th. inst. :---

" Sire,—One of the first acts by which the reign of
your Majesty was inaugurated was an act of sovereign
clemency. The Royal decree of the Bth April, 180,
amnestying the persons implicated in the insurrec-
tionary movements, which 'occurred that year, at
Genoa, was a presage of the mutual affection and
admirable union between the King and the nation,
which has distinguished your reign. Political necessity
did not allow that Sovereign benefit to be extended.
Nevertheless, and in order that too rigourous an inter-
nretation should not be given to the Royal decree,
another decree was issued on the 26th of May fol-
lowing, declaring that the amnesty extended to all
those who bad committed political offences, even out
of Genoa, and to the authors and accomplices of the
movements of Lerico, Recco, and Chiavari. All those
excluded from the amnesty emigrated to foreign
countries, and shortly afterwards the Court of Ap-
peals of Genoa pronounced a condemnation against the
contumacious. Several among them petitioned the'
throne for pardon, but the generous disposition of your
Majesty's heart was paralysed by a doubt as to the legality
of the position of the petitioners. The Council of State
was consulted on the subject; and all the sections of that
body, together with several of the most distinguished and
respectable members of the judiciary department, unani•
mously replied to the Crown, that, if amnesties can be
granted to do away with effect of judicial sentences, and
even to cancel them, individual pardons cannot be
granted to contumacious persons visited with crimi-
nal condemnations. In order, however, to reconcil e
the imperious exigencies of legality with one of the
most precious prerogatives of the Crown, which em-
powers the Sovereign to do away by a general par-
don the effects of condemnations for acts, the painful
recollection of which may be said to have been ob-
literated by time, and to comply with the intentions
already manifested to me by your Majesty, I have the
honour to submit to the Royal sanction the decree, in
virtue of which the amnesty granted by the decrees of
the Bth of April and 26th of May, 1849, is extended to
those who had been excluded from its benefit.

"VICTOR EMMANUEL 11., kc."
" On the proposition of our Keeper of the Seals,
and after consulting the Council of State and our Coun-
cil of Ministers, I have decreed—
" The amnesty granted by our decrees of the Bth
April and 26th May, 1849, on the occasion of the politi-
cal movements which took place that year at Genoa, is
extended to all the persons who had been excluded from
it by the first of those decrees.—Given at Turin on the
7th September, 1856.
(Signed) " VICTOR- EMMANUEL.
(Countersigned) "DE FORESTA."
A letter from Alexandria, of the 13th inst., an-
nounces that the Russian envoy, Count de StaGkel-
berg, had visited that citadel, accompanied by the
Governor-General of the Military Division.