The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-27 00:00:00

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.

SUN- LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
LONDON.
toPtrelbie.les effected with this Society now will PARTICIPATE. IN.
50c0,..% nr'PRS, or 80 per cent., of the Net Profits of the Society,
tins"-`l,lB to the conditions contained in the Society's Prospectus.
Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives
4,7 of
than in many other old-established offices, and Insurers
adlf:;1113' protected from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in
Prern`7un to the accuu,nlated funds derived from the investments of
police stamps paid by the Office.
--m,li
r_7oBPectuses may be obtained at the Office in Threadneedle-street,
don, or of any of the Agents of the Society.
CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.
FRIEND of the CLERGY CORPORATION,
whin for allowing Pensions, not exceeding 4,1. per annum, to the
Estabusther Orphan unmarried Daughters of Clergymen of the
sitous C.
Church, and for aftfordin; temporary assistance to neces-
Irelandlergymen and their families, throughout England, Wales, and
The
ondon next ELECTION of PEN'IONERS will take place at the
, at 12 o'clock precisel
L Tavern, Ishopsv,y;atestreet, on Tursnay, November 25th,
1856
The Rev. JOSEPH Baowfv• M.A. in the chair.
The Report of the Proceedings of 'he Corporation during the past
year, the slance-sheet, list of subscribers and pensioners, &c., may
dI:, hid at the Offices,Martin',-place, Trafaar-square, where
tons and su ,scriptions will be thankfully reclgei ved . The R.v. JOsEpli ItROWN, M.A , I H
The Rev. JOHN EDMUND COX, M.A., F.S.A., Sec cos.
HENRY BRAM t 1.1., secretary.
OYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road.
Tie e,, Patron— Ihe QUEEN. - Founded 18211.
loco p
dation oor
is are
requ' admitted on their own application alone ; no
tnenred.
of tllliri nir the past month the following number received the I,netits
4pplielttClohnari: ty, either as, out or in-door patients, on their personal
.
Week ending 7th Sept
Ditto 14th Sept. • ..
Ditto 21st Sept...
Ditto 28th s'ePt.
•• • • ..... 1,47
29th and 30th Sept

Of b,
hi which 3 ear: Total in Sept. ..... .••.. • • 8 087
-PM) ), were new cases, the remainder (still, under treat-
••aving been admitted previously.
sive'r4v, Y exPenses are inevitably incurred in affording auch exten-
the "er• The Committee, therefore, earnestly entreat the aid of
leyp
—4nagement of the Hospital is in the hands of 30 Governors,
pet, elected from the goner 11=t of subscribers, at the Annual
10,c704:k1We.eting in anuary. A Board is held every Thur.day, at
when tam,. JB. owen, Chairman), to conduct the bus.iness,
9 ti,:uY subscriFier may attend, if sn disposed, the Board being at
,Th`fes desirous of receiving suggestions or giving explanation.
tar, nosplial is not endowed, but is wholly dependent on volun-
,k,lll mentributions and leEacles, hich are received by the rreasu er.
. t,
tvki co"terman, •q., P., icholas-lane ; also by Messrs. cout
T'rekoias; VrumrnonEd andM Co.:N Berries and Co.; Ransom and Co.;ts
`keen orote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, and Co.; Glyn and
be.4,43.0Yd and Co.; ~arclay and Co.; Denison and Cs. ; Williams.
and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and Co.;Nisbet and Co., Ber-
Cletmeet ; 'Westerman and Co.; and at the Hospital.
'wag for tbe destitute patients will be thankfully received.
By order. J. B. OWEN, M.A., Chairman.

.3111, HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet.
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tilarant ' and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is
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horia'led souettnd
till andfive useful in mastication.--52, Fleet-street. At
O front t.

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4, To Mr, Reinhardt, 22 Market-place, Hull.
"Decrr.ber 4th, 1855.
Dear qlr —I h
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and g thna i have tried al almost' everything,
rt
ti_ elatternall
, 9, but could not obtain an
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as
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ttad obl I Me in to keep them by me in case I should again require
. ige,

" Dear Sir, yours obediently,
" JEREMIAH GAMESS."
do
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•

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........„.._
RUMAN -

CHARTISM AND _EMIGRATION.

There are two styles of comedy, in one of which
the actor pretends to be utterly unconscious of the
amusement he creates, while in the other he him-
self appears to enjoy the fun, and laughs at his
own jokes. Some of our Chartist orators seem to
have studied the former style, and assume an air
of the most serious conviction while expressing the
most ridiculous sentiments. Their view of emi-
gration is, that it ought to be superseded, that it
does not relieve the pauperism of the country, and
that it is rather mischievous than beneficial—opi-
nions directly in opposition to the current doctrine
that emigration is good for the colony, good for the
emigrant, and good for the mother country. It is
pleasant nowadays to meet with a man willing to
come down with a good round assertion of this
kind. What is the use of always talking sense,
and, if we ever differ, jangling only about words
It is really invigorating to meet with a man who
is willing to swear in our faces that black is white.
Such is the ridiculous style of oratory which
professes to guide our lower classes, leading them
actually to regard emigration as an evil. It is
an evil of the same kind which political econo-
mists anticipated many generations ago, when
they prevailed on the Government to tamper with
our imports and exports for fear that the country
would be drained of its wealth. An enormous
duty was laid upon French goods because it was
said that the result of our purchases was that all
our money went to France, so that our rivals were
growing. at our expense, and the effect of that
tariff injuriously exists to this day in our relations
with France. It appears now to be said, on prin7
ciples which are not essentially different, that the
loss of men through emigration is &national injury
—as if by thinning our population wages were not
raised, and the finding of employment made more
easy, not to speak of the creation of a new world
of customers in another hemisphere, and the
impulse given to it by our home trades and manu-
factures. On one only supposition can we con-
ceive the orators to whom we have alluded to be
serious, and that is that they are thinking of them-
selves and their own particular aspirations. A
healthy system of emigration, in some cases com-
bined with involuntarily exile, has, together with
free trade, ruined Chartism. The demagogue's
occupation is gone.
How much emigrants are needed in Australia,
and especially in Victoria, may be gathered from a
letter which appears in another column. The rise
of Victoria is the greatest marvel of colonisation,
and its greatness is only limited by the want of
population. It was predicted that the discovery
of gold would be most unfortunate for a country so
thinly inhabited, and that the agriculture of the
province, which up to that time had been its prin-
cipal resource, must be sacrificed for the want of
labourers to gather the crops and to look after the
herds. The prediction has not been verified ; ii every
respect the Australian colonies have advanced, and
what has been gained by the golddiggers has not been
lost by the squatters. In the idea of many persons,
Melbourne is a mere encampment, a collection of
log-huts. That may have been true in the earlier
days of its history, but the appearance of the place
is very much altered. Warehouses built of stone
and brick are starting up in the room of. wooden
and iron sheds ; the streets are wide and paved ;
great progress has been made in drainage ; the
city has gasworks and water companies; rail- •
ways are beginning to convey its goods to and fro,
and the electric telegraph is in active play. In
the midst of all this growth the wages of the la-
bourer are high ; they amount to 103. or 12s. a day,
and our correspondent declares that food is not pro-
portionately high, that meat is cheaper than in
England, that so also are potatoes, that bread is a
little dearer, and a cottage, such as few labourers
in this country enjoy, may be obtained at a rent of
about 7s. or 10s. a week. The labour, however,
that is required in these regions is physical—the
strong arm that can hold the plough, wield the
hammer, and use the spade, not such as is only
accustomed to hold the pen, to measure tape, and to
cut cloth. Now, from various'circumstances it has
happened that spontaneous emigration has been prat
timed chiefly by that class of persons who are least
wanted in that colony—by the class represented by
bankers' clerks and drapers assistants, instead of
by the mechanic and the field labourer. There is
not much difference between the wages of the
ordinary run of clerks and of handicraftsmen in
this country, and one naturally asks how is it that
the former have emigrated in such large numbers
with their own means, while the artisan has re-
mained at home, unless he has been helped out at
the expense of Government ? It is not by any
means that the profession of the clerks is more
crowded than that of the artisans, but there is a
wide difference in the character and position of
the two classes. A clerk who earns his 601. or 701.
a year draws his salary quarterly or monthly, while
the mechanic, who earns just as much, gets a
weekly payment. That fact indicates everything.
The clerk is trained to prudence ; he is obliged to
keen his money by him, and to look at it without
spendint, it; while the mechanic in too many in-
stances lives from band to mouth, lives bountifully
at the beginning of the week and sparely at the
end of it. The clerk is thus taught to save a little,
he is pretty well educated, lie has generally friends
better off than himself, who can give him now
and then a lift, besides which his is an occupation
in which marriage is not encouraged, so that when
there is a demand for emigration he feels the im-
pulse, he feels pinched, and wants to make money,
he is soon ready, and in a few weeks lie is on his
way. Not so our mechanics, who are decidedly
marrying men, who have largo families, who have
no great ambition to rise, who have few friends
that are much above them iu wealth or position,
who are often not partieularly fond of reading, and
who therefore do not soon become acquainted with
the requirements of the colonies, nor, if they did,
FRAILTY • a -to,
sat' Price Is
L ed with 100 engravings ' •
ttl would be either able or willing to pack up and
And yet that is the very class of persons
who nnida,ruin poet free, beautifully illustrated ar
It giv the opin,ons of Valpeau Medical' away.
mand, Itieord: 11S
?ring
peenarfitlee.t restoration of those
Ara „r"enPious instructions for the which the colonies want, instead of the men of
mg the dreadful results from early abu,,
eze,),4,47,v_e4tted by impediments from
I innits":la
glad if these remarks,.con-pled.
tape and the legion of quill-drivers We should be
into the married verynd the be milts aring front "onorrhcea,
toZ. seopk",:! the sperm ,toza by the chemical our correspondent, should
' rt 41' Powerful the author'sinduce such iorra-
new] ea tests and
_ enses.—Piper and Co 2 Y.-constructed tion to Victoria as will enrich both that colony and
agents for the sale of "Trieseni.• 3. Paternoster.. with those of
i the mother couutry.—Tiines.

Monsieur le Baron,—l have had the honour of inform-
ing you of the just pre-occupations which were mani-
fested in the Congress of Paris. I think it my duty to
again revert to the subject, in order to point out in a
precise manner the sense and bearing of that incident, as
far as regards the kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
As you may have remarked, the Plenipotentiaries as-
sembled at Paris all showed themselves equally pene-
trated with the sentiments of respect which animate
their Governments for the independence of other states ;
and none am ,ng them ever had an idea of provoking
an interference, or any manifestation, of a nature to at•
tack that independence. The Government of the Two
Sicilies could net have been mistaken as to our real in•
tentions, but it will admit with us, we are pleased to
think, that the representatives of the great powers of
Europe could not, in concluding peace, show themselves
indifferent in presence. of certain circumstances which
appeared to them likely to compromise what they bad
done at a period more or less distant.. It was only by
placing itself on this ground that the congress was na-
turally led to ask itself what were the causes which kept
up in Italy a state of things the gravity of which could
not passed unnoticed.
The maintenance of order in the Italian Peninsula is
one of the essential conditions of the stability of peace ;
it is therefore the interest, and even the duty, of all the
powers to neglect no care or effort to prevent the recur.
rence of agitation in that part of Europe. On this point
the plenipotentiaries were unanimous. But how is this
result to be obtained ? It cannot evidently be arrived
at by means the insufficiency or which is every day re-
vealed to us by facts. Repression is attended with
severities to which it is only opp rtune to have recourse
when they are imperatively called for by urgent neces .
sities ; otherwise, far from producing peace and me&
Bence, fresh dangers are caused by furnishing to revolu-
tionary propagandism fresh elements. of success. It is
thus that the Government of Naples falls into error, in
our opinion, in the choice of the means destined to main-
tain tranquillity in its States; and it appears to us urgent
that It should stop short in the false path on which it
has entered. We consider it superfluous to point out to
it the measures calculated to attain the object which it
doubtless has in view ; it will find, either in an amnesty
wisely conceived and carried out with good faith, or in
a reform of the adrainistrasion of justice, means well
calculated to meet the necessities which we confine
ourselves to mentioning.
We feel convinced that the present state of things at
Naples and in Sicily constitutes a serious peril for the
ttanquillity of Italy ; and that peril, threatening the
peace of Europe, was certain necessarily to excite the
attention of the Emperor's Government ; at all events,
it imposed on us the duty of awakening the solicitude of
Europe and the foresight of the states more directly in-
terested in warding off deplorable eventualities. We
performed that duty, by assuming the initiative in the
congress, and we equally fulfil it at present by appealing
to the conservative spirit of the Government of the Two
Sicilies itself, which could testify its good intentions by
making known to us the measures which it might think
proper to adopt.
As you perceive, the motives which call for the course
confided to you, and which you will have to take in con-
cert with the minister of her Britannic Majesty, are per-
fectly legitimate ; they are founded on the collective in-
terest of all the European States, and we are authorised
to believe that, in consequence, they will be taken into
serious consideration at Naples. By abstaining from
taking heed of our warning, there would be danger of
weakening the feelings which the Government of the
Emperor has never ceased to entertain towards the Court
of the Two Sicilies, and, consequently, of leading to a
coolness, much to be regretted.
You will please, Monsieur le Baron, to read this
despatch to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of his Sici-
lian Majesty, and leave him a copy of it.—Accept, &c.,
WALEWSICI.

No. 11.

THE COMMANDEER CARA/A TO THE MARQTJIS ANTONINI

AT PARIS.

Naples, June 30, 1856.
Monsieur le Marquis,—You are already acquainted,
by my, despatch of the 7th inst., No. 278, with the sub-
stance of the communication made to me by the envoy
of France, who at the same time left me a copy of a
despatch, after having read it, addressed to him to that
effect by his Government.
You will perceive by the copy of the French document
which I think it useful to send to you enclosed, that the
Imperial Government has meant to determine, by ap-
plying them to the States of the King, the sense and the
bearing of the preoccupations which it says were mani-
fested in the conferences which were held for peace, and
at which the plenipotentiaries all showed themselves
equally penetrated with the sentiments of respect which
AIA mate their Governments for the independence of other
States.

No. IV.
COUNT WALEWSKI TO BARON BERNIER, AT NAPLES.
Paris, Oct. 10.
Monsieur le Baron—The Government of the Emperor
sees with pain that the Government of the Two Studies
does not appear disposed to modify its attitude and to
give satisfaction to the wishes which we have expressed.
I,shall not again allude to the considerations which had
indUced the Government of his Imperial Majesty to take
the .step, the terms of whickare set forth in my despatch
of 21st May last. I think I may say that there is not one
of the Cabinets of Europe that has not rendered ju,tice
to the good faith as well as to the foresight of the court.
sels which we made known at Naples. There is not one
of them that does not know that we have been guided
in this affair by any hostile feeling, but have acted solely
for the general interest, and the expression of which cer-
tainly had nothing offensive to the Government to which
it was addressed.

The Government of the Emperor regrets, Monsieur le
Baron, that its intentions should have been misunder-
sto'pd, and the reply of the Cabinet of Naples should
haye been imprinted, both as to form and substance, with
a 4eling which I shall abstain: from • mentioning, but
which is little in harmony with the ideas which diotated
°Li. proceeding.
We flattered ourselves that the time which has elapsed
since the date of our communication might have changed
the first impressions of the Government of the Two
Sioilies, and that, being brought by reflection to more
just appreciations, it would have felt the opportuneness
of entering on a line of conduct which its own interest
and the wcifare•of its people, still more than our coun-
sel's, would have induced it to follow.
Our expectation has been disappointed. The Com-
mandeur Carafa, it is true, addressed to you on the 26th
Aug. lost, a fresh communication, couched in more con-
ciliatcry terms ; but at bottom,.it is not more satisfactory
than the preceding one. In presence of a state of things
which we.could heartily have wished to avoid, the Go-
vernment of the Emperor„ in jiccord with that of her
Britannic Majesty, thinks that, as long as this state of
things remains unchanged, it cannot keep as before its
relations with the Government of the Two Sicilies.

You will, therefore, Monsieur le Baron, on the recep-
tion, of this despatch, take steps to leave Naples with
al) the members of your legation, The British Embassy
receives similar instructions. You will entrust the
archives of the legation to his Imperial Majesty's Consul.
At the same time, in order to assure eventually the effi-
cient protection to the French subjects residing in the
kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a French squadron will be
stationed at Toulon, where it will be at hand to receive
orders that may be transmitted.to it, in the event of its
becoming necessary to confide to it, in the interest of
()Ur countrymen, the task of supplying the absence of an
efficient protection: In order to be prepared in proper
time for such an eventuality, the commander of that
squadron will be charged by his instructions to despatch
from time to time one of the vessels placed under hitt
orders on a visit to the porta of Naples and Sicily,
where the captain will place himself in communication
with our consuls. With an analogous view, her Bri-
tannia Majesty's Go;ernment has the intention of station-
ing a squadron in the port of Malta.
' You will be pleased, .Monsieur le Baron, to read this
despatch to M. le Commandeur Carafa, and to leave a
copy with him. WALEWSKI.

Count Walewski, in protesting that no doubt can be
felt as to the real intentions of France towards us, has
thought it his duty, in the interest of the preservation of
peace, to suggest the necessity of preventing the recur-
rence of any agitation in Italy. That, in his opinion,
could only be affected by adopting measures of internal
administration calculated to Temove the dangers caused
by a system of severity, and 'which, he says, would fur.
lash fresh elements of success to revolutionary propa-
gandism by increasing discontent.
In acting in a sense contrary to the principle respected
by all the powers, the French Government thinks proper
to suggest that our internal administration should • un-
dergo changes which it declares to be superfluous for it
to point out, not omitting, however, to mention the
nature of those which it belonged to the Government of
the King to consider as being proper to secure the main-
tenance of peace.
It is impossible to comprehend how the Imperial Go,
vernment, which speaks of itself as well informed of the
present situation of affairs in the State of the King, can
justify the inadmissible interference which it assumes in
our affairs by the urgent necessity for reforms, in de-
fault of which it is convinced that the present state of
things in Naples and Sicily would constitute a serious
danger for the tranquillity of Italy. No Government has
a right to interfere in the internal administration of ano-
ther state, and particularly in what relates to courts of
justice.
The means imagined to maintain peace and to prevent
and repress revolutionary movements is the very one
which leads to revolutions. If any public outbreak were
to take place either here or in Sicily, it would be excited
precisely by such a course of proceeding ; and revolution-
ary passions would be raised not only in the States of the
King, but throughout the whole of Italy, by this inop-
portune protection given to the political agitators.
The King, our master, has at all times exercised his
sovereign ciemency towards a great number of his guilty
or misguided subjects, by commuting their punishments
or recalling them from exile ; and his benevolent heart
feels the greatest sorrow at seeing that the majority of
those men are incorrigible, so that if our august master
wished to exercise his clemency, as on former occasions,
he is, in spite of hirwelf, constrained in the interest of
the public weal not to exercise it, in consequence of the
agitation produced in Italy by the ill-advised suggestions
of the Governments by which the enemies of order feel
themselves protected.
If the in at perfect calm now prevails in the States of
the King, where revolution has always found in the
devotedness of the people for their sovereign and in the
firmness of the Government the most powerful obstacle
to its attempts at disturbance, it is equally certain that
the malcontents would not fail to succeed in th-ir auda-
cious attempts to plunge the country into disorder and
const _ . . .

The King';"Government, which scrupulously abstains
from interfering iu the affairs of other States, considers
it-elf to be the only judge of the wants of the kingdom
for the purpose of assuring peace, which will not be dis-
turbed if evil•intentioned persons, deprived of all support
find themselves restrained by the laws and by the strength
of the Government ; and it is in this mariner alone that
the danger rat fresh convulsions, which might compromise
the peace of Italy, can be removed, and that the kind
heart of the King our master will find the opportunity of
the propriety of again exercising his habitual clemency.
Yon are authorised, Monsieur le Marqui.,, to read this
despatch to Count Walewski, and to leave him a copy
of it, in reply to the above mentioned communication.
CABAFA.

No. 111.
THE COMMANDEUR CARAFA TO BARON BRENIEB, AT
NAPLES.

Naples, Aug. 26, 1856.
Reports which have come from Paris and from Vienna
have informed the King, the august sovereign of the
undersigned,• charged with the Portfolio- of. Foreign
Affairs, of the disagreeable impression produced on the
Imperial GoVernment and on the Emperor of the French
by the reply of the Government of the Two Sicilies to
the communications made at Naples on the part of the
French and English Governments by Sir Wm. Temple
and Baron Brenier, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of the Emperor Napoleon ; a reply, ad-
dressed to the Marquis Antonini, and which the latter
received orders to communicate to Count Wale ivski, in
the eame way as Prince Carini to Lord Clarendon. No
one could ever have had the intention, in the despatch
of the 30th June last, of imputing to the French Govern-
ment tendencies which were not in conformity ‘,411
the guarantees which it has, in so many circem•
stances, given to Europe, arid if the Imperial Govern
meat has seen such an imputation in the despatch, the
most lively regret is felt:
'File Government of France, like that of Naples and
of every other country, doe's not like revolutions, ani on