The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-13 00:00:00

ROYAL ARTILLERY.

Woomrcar, OCT. 11.—The detachment at the
Tower was relieved on Saturday last by a detach-
ment consisting of 1 captain, 1 subaltern, 6 non-com-
missioned officers, and 42 gunners and drivers, with 1
trumpeter of Captain Dunlop's company of the 7th
battalion. Captain Dunlop and Lieutenant Johnson
proceeded with the detachment.
The detachment at Purfleet was relieved on Satur-
day last by a detachment of 1 captain, 1 subaltern, 3
sergeants, 9 non•commissioned officers, 6 gunners and
drivers, and 1 trumpeter of Captain Ellis's company
of the Bth battalion. Captain Ellis and Lieutenant
Whitehead accompanied the detachment.
Gunner and driver Joseph Briggs, of the Bth bat-
talion, has been discharged from the service, having
been convicted by the civil power of manslaughter.
" GENERAL ORDER.
" Deputy Adjutant-General's-office,
Woolwich, Oct. 10, 1851.
" 1. Her Majesty has been pleased to approve of
the following promotions in the Royal Regiment of Ar-
tillery:—
" Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Edward Gordon to be
Colonel, vice Brandreth, deceased.
" Captain John Tydeu to be Lieutenant-Colonel, vice
Gordon.
" Brevet-Major the Hon. Robert Charles Henry
Spencer, to be Captain, vice Spencer.
" First Lieutenant Edward Mowbray to bo Second
Captain, vice Spencer.
" Second-Lieutenant Frederick Halo to be First
Lieutenant, vice Mowbray. Dated Sept. 25, 1851.
" 2. In consequence of the above, Lieutenant-Colonel
Burnsby is moved to the 9th battalion, on Lieutenant•
Colonel's pay, vice Gordon, promoted ; and Lieutenant-
Colonel Tylden is posted to the 3d battalion, upon
Major's pay, vice Burnaby.
" 3. His Lordship the Master-General has made the
following appointments, viz.:—
"Lieutenant-Colonel Armstrong to be Assistant-Adju-
tant General in Ireland, vice C. E. Gordon, promoted.
" Captain C. J. B. Riddell to be Deputy-Assistant
Quartermaster-General at Woolwich, vice Tylden
promoted.
" Second Captain 11. P. Goodenough to be attached
to the Horse Artillery, vice Hon. H. C. H. Spencer,
promoted.
" 4. The Master-General has been pleased to sanc-
tionwt.= Wynue's company,
an exchange of companies between Ftrat•Lieutenant
Bolton, of C 9th battalion, at
Corfu, and G • A. Wilkinson, of Captain Irving's com-
pany, 12th battalion, at Weodon.
" J. E. JONES, Colonel. Assistant-Adjutant
General."

Lieutenant-Colonel Armstrong, who has been ap-
pointed Assistant-Adjutant-General to the Royal
Artillery in Ireland, is at present in command of the
Royal Artillery at Jamaica, which he has held since
October, 1848.
The expected brevet is anticipated to come down
to 184,
and the changes in the staff, and other ap-
pointments in the army, will consequently be very
numerous.

ISRAILWAYBR SHARE MARKETS.
TOL, Oar. 11.
Srocir ExcEtANGll.—The share market was firm to-day,
but very little actual business was done. Wilts and Somerset
were done at 91%. The closing prices were —Bristol and
Exeter, 80—Midland Stock. 99—Great Western, 831_
South-Eastern and Dover, 19%.
LIVERPOOL, Om. 11.
STOCK EXCHAIME.—The share market has been firm to-
day, although the business done has been but limited, and
closes with a good feeling as regards the favourite stocks.
The transactions were as follow :—Birkenhead, Lancashire,
and Cheshire (late Cheshire and Birkenhead), 15%—Ditto,
221. Shares, 8 dis.—Caledonian, 12 —Lancashire and York-
shire, 56—Leeds and Bradford, 100—London and North-
Western, New Quarters, 3% p.—Manchester, Sheffield, and
Lincolnshire, 2734—Ditto, Preference, 113,4—Midland, 4914
—Ditto, Halves, 173 j dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, 19%
—Dublin and Belfast Junction, 21% dis.
BIRMINGHAM, OCT. 11.
STOCK Excira.soE.—The fluctuations which have occurred
during the past week have not materially affected prices.
The market opened very briskly this morning, but towards
the close, for soma reason, of which it is difficult to form an
opinion, became fiat, and prices in a trifling degree declined.
Heavy stocks, on the whole, maintain their ground, and
there are few sellers at present quotations. The closing
prices were as follow : Ambergate, Nottingham, and Poston,
sellers,
3311 dis.—London and North-Western, buyers, 116%,
sellers, 117%—Midland,
buyers, sellers, 49—North
Staffordshire, buyers, 8%, sellers, 8,4 dis.—Shrewsbury- and
Birmingham ( A ),buyers' 61A, sellers, 61 Ditto (B), buyers,
4%, sellers, 45,.,—Ditto, Preference, buyers, 934, sellers, 10%
—Shropshire 'Unionio3 d,
n , buyers, 3
and%- sellers, 3% dis—South
Staffordshire, buyers, 31, Ipa
at 914. ',
sellers,
Stour Valley t 2l.
lSe were
s;
9dd
is.—
Birmingham, Wolverhampton, done

TEIE BOARD OP INLAND REVENUE AND THE CHEAP
EXCURSION TRAINS.-14 to Saturday afternoon no decision
had been given by the Board of Inland Revenue to the
several railway companies whom they have called open for
the payment of the passenger duty (one-eighth of a penny
per mile) on the excursion traffic; and it is, therefore, con-
cluded by the railway companies that the board will proceed
in the Court of E ckegtier n the next term for the recovery
of the amount

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF Tins DAY.
TIMES.—Her Majesty's progress through Lan-
cashire is one of those fortunate acts which require a
rare concurrence of character and of times. Such
events are not so casual, or so optional, so formal, or
so insignificant, as some observers might imagine.
The fact itself indicates that, as no British Sovereign
ever before visited the capital of British manufac-
ture and its great naval emporium, so that visit never
could have been made so felicitously before. The
temper of the Sovereign, the state of parties, the
condition of the people, and the prospects of trade,
would at any time have interposed a fatal difficulty,
had such a scheme even been thought of. Not to go
further hack thon her Majesty's own reign, had she
mustered the population of Manchester nine years
ago, such a mockery of their universal distress would
have elicited, at the best, a very forced show of
loyalty. Five years ago the embers of a furious
class struggle would have glowed too warmly under
the feet of even a royal peacemaker. Every year,
meanwhile, has added to the greatness of the cities
and the grandeur of the interests rising up, with
little favour of princes or of laws, on the banks of
the Mersey and its tributary streams. The present
is the epoch which, after centuries of development, is
the most propitious for the presence of Royalty in that
long unfriended region. The happy moment has
been seized ere, it flies, and the Queen has now inter-
changed greetings with the busiest part of her popu-
lous and laborious hive. She has:seen the tiny hands
and pale faces, and she has heard the childish treble
that contribute so largely to the power of this empire,
the state of its Sovereign, the commerce of nations,
and the well-being of the world. A million in one
city, and the like number in another, have pressed on
her path to tender their zealous and unbought homage.
Within twenty-four hours two sights that the world
never saw, and may not soon see again, have attested
the well-earned success and popularity of the Royal
pair. On Tuesday afternoon a hundred and ten
thousand persons were assembled in that vast exhibi-
tion of industry, which certainly we should not have
had but for Prince Albert. On Friday morning her
Majesty heard eighty-four thousand school-children
and their teachers raise their voices in one prayer
for her welfare. These vast and deeply-interesting
assemblages were on very different occasions, and
with many a fertile plain and green bill between
them, yet either of them is worth all the
armies of a continental monarchy. Her Ma-
jesty's progress on Friday from Worsley-
hall, and the extensive canal works of its noble pro-
prietor,
through Salford and Manchester, and the
populous villages around them, was for the whole
sixteen miles one continued ovation, such as warrior
has never yet enjoyed or poet or painter described.
Triumphal arches, flags, and banners, are of course
a very purchaseable description of property, but the
people who lined the road in this instance, who made
the air ring with their shouts, who had erected arches
across every street, and hung banners from every
house, were about the most independent and unpur-
chaseable of all her Majesty's subjects. They were
people who never have had, and never will have, any-
thing to do with Queen Victoria, her Court, or her
Government, except as mere subjects and citizens.
Such a fact deserves a more than sentimental consi-
deration. Here is a population, quite new on the
soil, very mixed, very laborious, accustomed to hear
all sides of political questions, and to decide them on
utilitarian principles. So new are they in their
history and circumstances, and so independent in their
opinions, that some of their demagogues have freely
propounded various schethes of separation from the
financial laws, and even the government, of the rest
of the island. Their Sovereign appears among them,
and immediately, as if under the influence of some
powerful agent in nature, all this new and un-
formed material, this rude ore from the great mine of
humanity, assumes the form and expression of the
most devoted loyalty. There are in that crowd Irish
immigrants, Roman Catholics, Englishmen ousted
from agricultural parishes, Chartists, and thousands
cursed with an education and instincts above their
condition and perhaps their intellect; but, for this
happy hour, and perhaps now for a much longer
period, they permit their enthusiasm to concentrate
on one object—on one woman, placed far above them,
clean out of sight, moving in the regions of high
power, and separated from them by a gulf which no-
thing but a romantic sentiment can pass over. The
spell of her presence for the hour charms the whole of
that vast multitude. Hidden loyalty comes out in
all its forms. The corporation, after a faint
struggle, arrays itself in robes of scarlet
and black, according to its degrees, to be fit
for the Royal presence. Arches, illuminations, ban-
ners, and devices are as abundant as if Manchester were
Lyons, waiting a visit from Louis le Grand. Now,
what is it that all these myriads, from the merchant
and the man of science down to the Irish porter at a
factory or a quay, see, think, or feel in the person of
their Queen ? Why do they throw themselves so
readily into a system which, notwithstanding its pre-
tensions, operates in so many ways injuriously, coldly
and offensively towards themselves? What is Vic-
toria to Manchester, or Manchester to Victoria ? ,The
people of Manchester see a great deal in her. They
see in her the type of order, and emblem of unity,
and an object of obedience. They see in her a link
between themselves and antiquity, ' between them-
selves and the great brotherhood of nations, between
themselves and the laws, between themselves and
Heaven. They have learnt that this nation is not
simply what it is made from day to day, not simply a
lump of potter's clay fashioned by the caprice of the
hour, but the growth of ages, knit together by an
sncient constitution, and harmonized by a system of
relative duties, advancing from the humblest in the
social scale to one common centre of dutiful affection.
They see the proudest and the wealthiest men of the
land, whom they have been wont to regard as a
higher order of beings, paying a still greater homage
to one above them all, and they know that
this one person, honoured and obeyed by
thirty million British subjects, and by an
eighth part of the whole human race, bows together
with the humblest of her subjects before the same
Lord of All. It was not to be expected, and indeed
it would hardly have been rational, that the corpora-
tion of Manchester should address her Majesty
without expressly acknowledging the recent measures
prosperity.wwhich hav e contributed
There
might,so much
indeed, to
the
be presentam o n general
e those
half million a handful of dissentients from the " free
commercial policy" recognised in this address; and
possibly the delusion might detract from the gratifi-
cation with which a few of our readers would peruse
this narrative. But some allowance must be made
for the overpowering emotions of gratitude which
must be excited in Lancashire on a comparison of its
present state with the long and dismal period of 1841-
1842. Some one observed then r
day at an
agricultural meeting, that at all events we had never
had a famine under the corn-laws. We know not
exactly what is meant by the word " famine," which
is perhaps a relative term, but if that is a famine
when in a city of half-a-million inhabitants more than
half cannot get a sufficiency of wholesome food, work
how they will, for nearly two years, then Manchester
and manyother manufacturing towns in its vicinity
suffered a famine at the period wo have mentioned.
To have .passed through that slough of despond,
and to have emerged at last into these pleasant times,
to feel that legislation has contributed to that deliver-
ance, to see and address the Sovereign whose Mi-
nister recommended those measures, an whose voice
made them law, and yet to observe an utter silence
on the subject, would argue a degree of punctilious-
ness which we should hardly expect to see anywhere,
certainly not in any region of common sense and
common feeling. Surely it would have been ridicu-
lous not to notice the fortunate circumstances which
have enabled the Sovereign of these realms for the
first time in our history to hold court in her great
manufacturing capital, in the midst of an employed
and prosperous population, and without one single
incident or recollection to mar the happiness of the
scene. Most assuredly, but for the great measure of
1846, neither Queen Victoria nor any successor of
hers would have found much pleasure in a progress
through Lancashire. The mass of the people take a
common sense view of the Sovereign, and think him
sent to do them good; so that when good is not done,
but rather harm than good, they begin to think the
Sovereign either false to his mission, or at least of no
use.harae
s satisfied,doTllhe°‘
her peopledu duty
are
whether
yt to them
correctly
roree
t.ly employedaonr d n
not,
tll aetyh d a
wt fed;tohu el
would
th
ey
are t
Queen
i think
k
themselves less than men if they did not thank her
accordingly.

ADVERTISER.—It is no small gratification to
US to find that the suggestion first made in this jour-
nal, that public meetings, and meetings of corporate
bodies, should be held in all directions, for the double
purpose of congratulating Kossuth upon his escape
from imprisonment, and on his arrival on the shores
of England, is in the course of adoption to an extent
which we little anticipated. The whole country is
already in motion. From all parts of the kingdom
we hourly receive accounts of great public meetings
being held for the purpose of addressing Kossuth ;
while the municipal corporations of England, from
the Common Council of London, down to the smallest
borough possessing municipal privileges, are busily
engaged in preparing their congratulations on
the escape of the illustrious Dlagyar from the

clutches of his Austrian enemies. There is no
longer any doubt of the kind of reception
which awaits Kossuth. It will be such as was
never before accorded to any foreigner by the people
of these realms—such as was never-given in any
other country to a stranger—and such as has been
rarely received even by the crowned heads of our own
land. It is a remarkable feet, that the very moment
at which we are penning this article, Kossuth is shar-
ing with Queen Victoria the thoughts of the English
people, arsd in a few days he will bse7welcoreed into
the heart of our great metropolis, amid acclamations
scarcely less general, less loud, or leis hearty, than
those which have greeted the royal *cessions which
Queen Victoria has on various occasions made to
Guildhall. To say that this will be the proudest week
in the life of the distinguished Hungarian, would be
to employ a phraseology far short of that which the
occasion requires. It will be a suecession of days
such as have seldom been witnessed in the history
of any hero, either of ancient or modern times.
And yet he will receive no more than he well de-
serves ; for a purer patriot, a more disinterested
man, a person of higher integrity; of greater ad-
ministrative capacity as a public servant, or more
prepared at any time to make any'amount of sacri-
fice for his principles and his countryi has rarely been
met with in any age, or in any part of the world. So
far as Kossuth himself is concerned, everything pro-
mises to go off in the way which his most devoted
friends and admirers could wish. But in order to
make the demonstrations of this week complete, they
ought not to be confined to the ex• Governor of Hun-
gary. He is not the only parson who, claims the ad-
miration and the homage of the civilisisilworld. There
is another name which ought to be associated with
his, in those expressions of public op'inion which the
arrival of Kossuth will call forth on our shores. There
is the name of the Sultan. Never did man better
deserve the esteem, the admiration, the thanks of the
friends of justice, humanity, and of freedom, through-
out the world. Nobly has he acted in the case of
Kossuth and the Hungarian refugees. He has set them
at liberty, and escorted them in safety to a place of
refuge, where they felt they had no reason to fear the
Austrian assassin's dagger. The sacrifices the Sultan
has made, and the perils to which be has exposed
himself, cannot be fully appreciated in this country.
They cannot be known or comprehended beyond the
confines of his own dominions. They can only be
understood in all their magnitude by himself. He had
to withstand, in the first instance, the combined en-
treaties of Austria and Russia, to retain the Hun-
garian patriots in the prisons to which they had been
consigned. And when it was found that no solicita-
tions, no entreaties, no attempts at cajolery, were of
any avail, his humanity and his love of justice were
assailed by the artillery of Russo-Austrian menaces.
He was threatened with the fiercest displeasure of
these two formidable powers, in the event of his ac-
quiescing in the liberation of Kossuth and his corn.
panions. No terms were to be held with him. The
threat of an utter dismemberment of his empire
was held in terrorem over the Sultan's head.
And yet, notwithstanding this formidable combina-
tion of influences to induce the Sultan to retain
the Magyar patriots in bondage, he has nobly set
them free. He counted the cost. He prepared himself
to run any risks, to make any personal sacrifices, to ex-
pose his empire to any dangers, however great, rather
than shrink from doing what he regarded as an act of
justice, of humanity, and of generosity. He faltered
not in his duty. He generously did the deed. He
unbarred the doors of the prison, and with a voice,
and in a way worthy the loftiest exhibitions ever
made of the nobility of our nature, he bid the prie
soners go free. And shall such truly illustrious con-
duct as this fail to receive its meed of reward from us ?
Shall we appear in the eyes of the world as a people
who cannot appreciate those high and holy develop-
ments of human nature, which go so far to redeem
its character ? Let us, on the contrary, prove to all
the world, that we not only can, but do, duly appre-
ciate such conduct, and that those who display the
same nobility of nature as the Sultan, cannot fail to
obtain a nation's approval, and receive a nation's re-
ward—the reward of a boundless admiration and
the highest esteem. But there are other and no less
urgent reasons for a recognition, just at this moment,
of the humanity and generosity of the Sultan in re-
leasing Kossuth and his companions from their irk-
some confinement. Austria has renewed her menaces.
In the communication from our German:correspon-
dent, which appeared in our paper of Saturday, there
will be found some interesting informestion on this-
point. The organ of the Court of Vienna, speaking,
there can be no doubt, under official inspiration, con-
tains in its latest number these remarkable passages :
—" The nature of our -relations towards the Porte
has now entirely changed, and, for the future, we
have only to consult the interests of our own state.
This view should serve as the future guide of
Austrian policy. We shall act in every case as the
advantage of the state prescribes, even when the
interests of the Porte are not in unison with that
advantage, for we are no longer bound by treaties
with Turkey. Its existence interests us only so far
as it-interests our policy. The conduct of the refu-
gees themselves, and of their foreign protectors, will
not fail to influence for the future the position which
Austria will assume towards the Sublime Porte. The
latter must now rely on the gratitude of those who are
our enemies. It is for the Porte to examine whether
it has placed in safe hands its relations towards the
neighbouring European States." These are significant
words. They clearly indicate what Austria would do
'if She dared. Whether-she will, or will not, dare to
carry her menaces towards Turkey into effect, will
depend entirely on circumstances. And on no cir-
cumstance will the conduct of Austria towards the
Sublime Porte depend so much as on the attitude
which England will- assume in reference to
these threats. Now, nothing could he so much
calculated to convince the Court of Vienna, that
this country will not stand idly by and see Turkey
if there be, at
injured in any way by Austria, than such an expres-
sion of the national feelings and sentiments towards
the Sultan as we are commending.
this time, a decided and unanimous expression of
England's cordial approval of the Sultan's conduct in
importance to such an utterance
reference to Kossuthaakustria, we may be sure, will
not fail to attach due mpartance
of the nation's will. The Court of Vienna knows
full well that our Government must act in consonance
with the views and wishes of the people, and that the
people of England having once fairly identified them-
selves with the Sultan in This matter, it will be at
Austria's peril if she attempt to hurt a hair of the
Sultan's head.

SONG-BIRDS.-REMARiABLE CASE OF THE

ROBIN AND A isilecH—TlgorALE.
The most remarkable instance I over remember to
have met with, of a young pupil not only imitating but
tutor,et.wasAt that period, I revelled
about nine years ago, in
jf far
ins surpassing his
Hh i
as y
raa
li
in the undisturbed enjoyment of a large aviary, num-
bering no fewer than 366 inhabitants, all first-rate
songsters;
Among te";anedmy fame as an amateur had spread
de the multitude of my visitors was a
gentleman, who informed me that a friend of his was
possessed of a most wonderful bird, that he should much
like me to see and hear. I took the address, and went
at an early day to view the Prodigy.
On entering the house referred to, and on presenting
my card, I was at once ushered into the drawing-room.
I there saw two cages—nightingale cages—suspendedon
_ yAfter a little dis-
course wall. One of them, with a. nightingale in it, had an
host asked me
nightingalesm sing?
open front; the other had a green curtain drawn down
over the front, concealing the inmate.
ejaculated I.
was all expectation. Placing me beneath
the cage, and drawing up the curtain before alluded to,
—Ofif lo
should
subjecteut,lhdel like
to hee of ornithology
one
ci i„sei
the bird above, at a whistle from his
master, broke out
in a succession of strains that I' never heard surpassed
by any nightingale.
..They were' indeed surprisingly
naeenigofbttihnegalbei4
his
perfect abandon
to the inspiration of his muse,
eloTneenrta.pid`
and his indifference to all
around him, caused me to involuntarily
exclaim with
Coleridge:— , . ...
„ , That strain Rain ! !
Full fain it would delay ,me."
u t Whatte ra
And so it did. I stood riveted to thc'
spot, knowing how
seldom nightingales in a cage so deh
rotted themselves.
After listening sown time, anti expressing a my astonish-
ment at the long-repeated efforts of !the performer—so
unusual, I asked to be allowed a sighld him. Permis-
sion wes granted;-the curtain wear raised, and I saw
before me--a Robin! 1 This bird hrZil been brought up
under the nightingale
but from, his very, earliest infancy;
and not only equalled, very f
-ar eurpassed, his mas-
ter in song. Indeed, he put him down, c.nd silenced him
altogether. 'lbis identical bird, I ah.„, .
oina add, was sold
a few weeks afterwards, for nine guineap—he was worth
the money. In this case the robin retained no one
single note of his own, whereby the fineli ear could de-
tect him; and this paves the way to still'eaore singular
discoveries hereafter.— William Kidd, in' the Gardener's
Chronicle.

THE GOEAT NOItTIIERN SEWER.--The Commis-
sioners of Sewers are now constructing the Great Northern
Trunk Sewer, connecting the sewers of the northern districts
with the leviathan sewer recently formed along Charing-
cross and Parliament-street. It passes from the end of the
Haymarket, up Great Windmill-street, along Little Wind-
mill-street, Cambridge-street, &e , to Poland-street and Ox-
ford-street, the greater portion of this neighbourhood being
entirely destitute of sewerage. The great elevatioil of these
spots above the level of the Thames has rendered it necessary
to sink the bed of the sewer to an extraordinary depth, PP
Ward 4 of 120 feet Delow the ;surface.

LORD-LOVING BOROUGHS.
(From the Weekly Dispatch.)
Mr. Editor,—When it is complained by Reformers
that the House of Commons has really become only a
secondary and subordinate House of Lords, that Com-
moners are swamped in it by Lords and the relatives
and nominees of Lords, and that such is the influx of
these sprigs of the Peerage that the Commons them-
selves are merely a minority and fraction of their own
representative House—when:Reformers say this, they
are gravely accused of desiring legally to exclude
every titled person from the Legislature, and of thus
affronting the sense and wishes of the people at large,
who greatly love and venerate a Lord, and are never
so happy in their votes as when they are giving it to a
Lord at an election. Now I will not deny that very
many electors are snobs, and hold that being a Lord
is the best qualification for being also a legislatorial
Commoner. The Reform Bill'was constructed so as
to enfranchise the servile in a larger proportion than
the independent classes; still, I cannot altogether
believe even the existing constituencies to be such a
lickspittle set as they are described. The Lords in
question are not real Lords, or they would be in the
Upper House. Their title is only a courtesy or a
sham ; and the appearance of popular confidence im-
plied in the selection of them,to legislate, is an as-
sumption and a sham also. Just consult thatgreat con-
stitutional authority, of such growing repute in late
years, Dodd, and see how Lords get into the Hou6e
of Commons.

Some make their way there natusily and honour-
ably. Lord Dudley Stuart does not write himself
M.P. for Marylebone because he is a son of the
Marquis of Bute. For that, he has better titles than
his title. He is a true-hearted man, ever prompt and
earnest in the cause of the oppressed, whether at home
or abroad. To him no exile, proscribed by despotism
for his virtues, is a foreigner. His feelings are ever
gallant and chivalric. The Pole and the Chartist find
refuge beneath the shield of his protection. Nature
has her noblemen, and he is one of them. The
" common heart" of humanity swells in his breast.
It is a joy to Reformers where such Lords represent
the Commons of England. He sits for the huge
borough of Marylebone with its masses of voters.
Nor is it a scandal to Reformers that such a man as
Lord John Russell was returned by the metropolitan
constituency. They took him after landlords had re-
jected him, and counties had cast him out. He was
identified, for the time, with the two great principles
of free trade and religious liberty. He was Premier,
and at the last election with presumable power to se-
cure
the continued application of one of those princi-
ples, and to give a new triumph and extension to the
other. What was the " Lord" worth, on that occa-
sion? How many votes did it win for the Parlia-
mentary leader of the Liberal party ? I inquire not
into his consistency. I ask not whether the exertions
which returned him have produced an adequate har-
vest from his administration. Be that as it may, he
entered the House of Commons by an honourable
road, by the highway of ability and character.
This is the way in which large constituencies deal
with deserving Lords.' It is creditable to both parties,
the elected and the electors. But these arc rare cases.
It is not thus that Commoners have been swamped by
the peerage in their own House, their peculiar portion
of the Legislative body. When it is intimated that
an instinct of human nature, especially a tendency of
English nature, is violated by any impatience that the
House of Commons does not, mainly and characteris-
tically, consist of Commoners, we are bound to ask how
it is that so many Lords get there, with all their at-
tendant satellites. Nor is there any mystery in the
matter. I take the following twenty boroughs from the
Guide Book :—Arundel, Anglesea, Bewdley, Bucking-
ham, Bury St. Edmund's, Chichester, Dungannon,
Evesham, Hertford, Lichfield, Marlborough, Sand-
wich, Scarborough, St. Ives, Stamford, Thetford,
Totnes, Wilton, Windsor, and Woodstock. In all,
these places have thirty Members. That fact is bad
enough, seeing that if the representation were equally
distributed according to population, their share would
be just four Members. But let that pass. Each of
these boroughs returns a Lord; some of them, with
their double representation, return a lord and a lackey
—as Stamford, where, to take care of that empty-
headed and full-mouthed spluttering Marquis of
Granby, the Marquis of Exeter sends also that an-
cient red-tape hack, Mr. "ferries ; the decent people
of the borough having petitioned that it may be dis-
franchised, to get rid of the disgrace thus inflicted
upon them. Well, each of these boroughs elects a
Lord, and what light does that cast upon the popular
penchant for " our old nobility ?" What have the
people to do with it? The entire amount of popula-
tion in these 20 boroughs was, in 1841, just 137,159
persons, i. e., less than the increase only of the
population of the West Riding of Yorkshire
within the last ten years ; about two-fifths of that
of Lancashire in the same period ; and less than one-
third of that of the metropolis. The entire constitu-
encies for these 20 Lords and their 10 attendants num-
bered 9,634, being 1,000 less than the constituency
of Bristol, 2,000 less than that of Marylebone, 3,000
less than that of Manchester, and half that of the City
of London. That is the way the mob of Lords gets
into the House of Commons, not by the people's love
and confidence. The average of a constituency for
these twenty Peers is 4814. And that average is en-
hanced by two or three comparatively large towns,
though notoriously under the direct influence of some
member of the Peerage. Take the more common
run of the registered constituencies, we have such
numbers as the following :-261, 250, 196, 160. The
Lord-loving instict is rather low in the scale. It
haunts the desolate places of the land. It affects
solitude, like a maiden crazed by an unfortunate at-
tachment. If the Peerage sings " How shall I my
true love know, from any other love ?" the answer is,
you will find her in the dark and dirty beer-shop of
some forlorn, filthy, stinking, out-of-the-way col-
lection of hovels, "far from the busy haunts of
men," in a condition that courts corruption, and is
too slavish for intimidation. A Lord's path to Par-
liament leads by the village dunghill. However,
latent scintillula forsan ; some spark of independence
may exist even here, and burst out in an election
contest. In that case, by what majorities do Lords
triumph ? One (Lord Mandeville, for Bewdley)
polls the victorious amount of 171 votes. Another
(Lord Marcus Hill, for Evesham) polls 125. Lord
William Powlett, for St. Ive's, reaches the com-
manding height of 262. And Totnes aggrandizes
itself and Lord Seymour by a mighty phalanx of
280 votes. Thus do plebians rush to the poll for the
gods of their idolatry. In seven contested elections
the winning Lords polled an aggregate of '2,082 voters,
or an average of 2974 each. And we may select
seven Peers who represent 1,658 constituents, or an
average of 237 each. The average for borough Mem-
bers, including a host of little, venal, commanded
places, is 1,045 electors each. And now does
not the mystery begin to clear up of our having
a so-called House of Commons, of which one-
half either consists of members of the
aristocracy, or of those who by various ties are
intimately connected therewith ? It is little wonder
that they are there, when we see how they get there.
The supposition of a Lord-loving instinct in English
electors is quite a superfluous theory. Facts help us
to a very different solution of the phenomena, and one
which imperatively shows the necessity for that first
item in the demands of the Reformers—a re-distribu-
tion of the representation, so as to put it, and to keep
it, in some due proportion-ito the population and pro-
perty of the country.
Other instances there doubtless are in which Lords
sit for large constituencies, with no other apparent
qualification for the Senate than their rank. They
sit for counties, where they or their connexions hold
huge tracts of land; and where the numbers on the
poll may be accurately predicted by inspection of an
estate map of the county. Colour the different proper-
ties, and you will see whether blue or yellow will win,
without bestowing a single thought on the human be-
ings who, at the booth, will go through the process of
enunciating the names of the candidates, and enacting
the solemn farce of a public choice. Other lords, in
two or three cases, sit for large constituencies, they
having a scent for corruption, and spending gallantly.
The Marquis Douro did not spend freely at the
rlast
Norwich election ; and then what happened ? hy,
that Mr. John H. Parry, a comparatively,. unknown
man, though rising as he deserves in ems profession,
with no local connexion orinflaence, , a thoroughgoing
and uncompromising Radical, with nothing for him
but his own frank, manly eloquence, and his inde-
pendence of character, and standing for the first tin!
ran the Marquis of Douro within 155 votes out of
1,727, in spite of all the prestige cf the paternal glory,
of previous occupation of the seat, and of the rate at
which it had been originally purchased. The noble
representative will never repeat the experiment of a
non-paying election for Nora ich. Such cases as
these only remind us of the very trite proverb that
exceptions prove the rule. Honour, especial honour
to talent and patriotism in Peers and their relatives,
and a full measure of the people's love and trust; but
it is neither for the one nor by tht other that so many
of them are crammed into the House of Commons.
Wito such exceptions as have been adverted to, the
Lords in the House of Commons are not sent there
by the people, but in spite of the people, in defiance
of their rights, opinions, and preferences, and in gross
violation of all semblance of representation. When
they are really the people's choice, no Reformer
objects to their eligibility, No one is
_insensible to

the beauty and worth of an honourable career in the
Lower House, terminating in a consistent and equally
patriotic course in the Upper House. The Democrat
rejoices in the co-operation of such aristocracy. Nor
is the right of the people disputed to fill the House
of Commons exclusively with Lords, if they so please.
The wisdom, were such the fact, might be called in
question. It might be doubted whether the grievanes,
wants, and claims of the industrial classes would be
best explained and enforced by members of a class re-
moved, in consequence of its social position, from all
actual sympathy with the great mass of its consti-
tuents. Those who belong to the people are, it may
not unreasonably be argued, most likely best to plead
for and to represent the people. Still the right is un-
questioned. The Reformers' objection is not there.
It is to the way in which the result is
accomplished ; and of the nature of that way
the result itself is evidence, evidence confirmed
by the facts. So many Lords, and Lords' nominees,
have not jostled the people out of their own House
we may say to
fthaiermly,." h‘oi.wYncuomaedryeeprseose?n”tativOenle" section may an-
t corruption,toits faggots of a few
little intimidation ; and
another
dozen voters. They have sneaked into the House
through bye-ways. They are there because the
people cannot help it. They have bought or com-
manded the sweet voices of some hundred and fifty
sw er
by
section
poi
scamps at Little Pedlingt ,
' on and then assume the
right to sneer at Manchester or London. To a con-
siderable and discreditable extent, we area servilelge-
neration ; but we are nothing like so servile as the
state of the House of Commons seems to indicate. It
libels us. It is not representative. The ghost, or
rather the putrid corse of borough grY MOU haunts
the place. If the new Reform Bill be
worth a straw,
it must abolish these little borough nuisances. They
are the private entrance, the back door, through
which Lords and their dependents pass, instead
of manfully confronting the crowd at the public en-
trance. Let us have no more nonsense about keeping
snug little places for men of talent and character.
Such men get in far more easily for large constitu-
tuences. They win by their talent and character.
When did either win Harwich or St. Alban's? It is
all pretence. These dung-heaps are kept for the
aristocracy to grow their mushrooms upon. If
Lords be so popular as is pretended, why do they
object to universal suffrage ? or to household suffrage?
or to large constituencies ? or to free voting by the
ballot ? Aye, why ? PUBLICOLA.

RETURN OF THE COURT TO WINDSOR.
As early as seven o'clock on Saturday morning
his Royal Highness Prince Albert proceeded from
Worsley, through Bolton to Barrow Bridge, to visit
the extensive cotton mills of Messrs. Gardner and
Bazley. Sir John Potter, the Mayor of Manchester,
Mr. Ainsworth, the Mayor of Bolton, and several of
the principal inhabitants of the district were invited
to meet his Royal Highness. The Prince having
made a most minute inspection of the works, expressed
himself highly gratified with his visit and what he
had seen.

Whilst his Royal Highness was absent from this
place, a most interesting scene occarred. Her
Majesty having condescended to receive an address
from the clergy, teachers, and children connected
with the schools upon the Earl of Ellesmere's estate,
large bodies of the children began to arrive in the
park at an early hour. At half-past ten the whole
of the children, numbering 1,400, were assembled on
the green slopes at the north front of the mansion,
when her Majesty appeared in the portico, and
received from the hands of the Rev. St. Vincent
Beecliyi incumbent of Worsley, a congratulatory ad-
dress, descriptive of the happiness occasioned by the
visit of the Sovereign to a district where the inhabi-
tants enjoyed the privilege of living under a kind and
indulgent patron, for whose works of benevolence
and charity they could never feel sufficiently grateful.
After the presentation of the address, the children
sang two verses of the National Anthem, led by a
juvenile band, her Majesty remaining in the portico
until after this tribute of loyalty had been paid. This
interesting scene was witnessed by all the noble and
distinguished guests staying at the hall, and by a
great number of the leading inhabitants of the
district.

After the Queen's return from Manchester her
Majesty, on Friday night, visited Worsley Church,
and walked through the grounds to the old hall, the
residence of Mr. George Loch, returning through
the homestead, and examining, with much interset,
the domestic economy of Lady Ellesmere's poultry-
yard.

The dinner circle at night included the Mayor of
Manchester and a few other additions to the party in
the mansion. After dinner the Countess of Elles-
mere received about 100 of the leading clergy and
inhabitants of the district. During the evening the
patentee of the electric light exhibited it from various
parts of the park and grounds.
On Saturday morning a matinale in honour of the
Queen was performed under her Majesty's window
by a party of operatives from Manchester.
Shortly before eleven o'clock, at which hour his
Royal Highness Prince Albert returned from Bolton,
preparations were commenced for her Majesty's de-
parture from Worslsy.
The Woraley troop of Yeomanry Cavalry arrived
in the park at an early hour, and formed an avenue
from the mansion to the pavilion, where her Majesty
embarked in the state barge destined to convey the
Royal party to Patricroft.
Her Majesty embarked at eleven o'clock, and was
conveyed along the Bridgewater Canal amidst the
enthusiastic cheers of the thousands of spectators
lining its banks.
At the Patricroft station GeorgelGlyn, Esq., M.P.,
chairman of the London and North-Western Rail-
way Company, was in attendance with the royal
train to receive her Majesty.
Her Majesty was accompanied to Patricroft by the
Earl and Countess of Ellesmere, the Earl of Sefton,
the Duke and Duchess of Norfolk, the Marquis and
Marchioness of Westminster, the Earl and Countess
of Derby, the Earl and Countess of Wilton, and all
the youthful members of Lord Ellesmere's family.
The Queen having taken leave of Lord and Lady
Ellesmere and the other noble and distinguished per-
sons present, the train moved off at a rapid rate to-
wards Manchester. The population had here
turned out in great numbers to see the Royal cortege
pass. As it went round the curves skirting this dis-
trict the speed of the train was slackened, and the
immense crowds of parties assembled had thereby a
good opportunity of seeing their beloved Sovereign.
At Stockport and all the other important towns on
the route of the train large numbers of the popula-
tion had gathered together, by whom her Majesty
was received with every mark of respect and loyal
enthusiasm.

At Stafford, the mayor and corporation were upon
the platform in their official robes. The royal train
stopped here to take in water, and the mayor had the
honour of an introduction to her Majesty.
At Rugby a great crowd had also congregated at
the station, amongst whom were the boys of the Rugby
School, accompanied by their masters. The journey
thence was admirably performed.
immediatelyoof
the
royal
Her Majesty arrived at Watford at three minutes
after five, and, having thanked Mr. Glyn and Captain
Huish, the manager of the line, for the excellent man-
ner
pro-
ceeded
thetimreo
yhad
suite,b e en
car-
riages and four, through Watford and Uxbridge, to
in four
Windsor Castle, where the illustrious party arrived
shortly before seven &clock.

DEPARTURE OF THE ROYAL FAMILY
FROM OSBORNE.
PORTSMOUTH, SUNDAY.—Their Royal Highnesses
the Princesses Helena and Louisa, and his Royal
Highness Prince Arthur, with Lady Caroline Bar-
rington and the Hon. Captain Denman, embarked on
Saturday morning, at nine o'clock, from Osborne, on
board the royal yacht the Elfin, Master Commander
Balliston, and came up to Portsmouth. The Com-
mander-in-Chief Admiral Sir Thomas Briggs,
G.C.M.G., with Captain Martin, C. 8., and Flag-
Lieutenant Pasley, met the royal children on their
landing at the Clarence Yard, and conducted them to
the railway carriage, and at ten o'clock they were en
route for London to meet their august parents.

(FROM THE COURT NEWSMAN.)
WINDSOR, SATURDAY.
Her Majesty, his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
the Prince of Wales, the. Princess Royal, Prince Al-
fred, and the Princess Alice arrived from the north at
27 minutes past seven o'clock this evening, having
left the Patricroft station at twelve o'clock, and ar-
riving at Watford at a quarter-past five, from whence
they proceeded in three carriages and four to Windsor
Castle. The attendants on her Majesty were the
Viscountess Canning, the Hon. Beatrice Byng
I Colonel lion. A. Gordon, Sir James Clark, and the
Rev. Mr. Birch.
Earl Grey left the Royal party at Watford, to pro-
ceed to town.
Her Majesty was escorted from Watford by de-
tachments of the Bth Hussars, the Uxbridge Yeo-
manry, and the Royal Horse Guards.
Her Majesty was received by Lady Caroline Bar-
rington with the junior members of the Royal. Family,
and by the Lord Chamberlain,
stehe Equerryhoid in Wait.
ing, and the Master of the u