The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-31 00:00:00

that indeed, in 'that case, where the shoe ptuched. His
battle-field was abroad, not at home ; sad it was is fo-
reign marts that he had to struggle againsit rivalry and
competition. Well! how did the Legislate re deal with
his case ? Why, by relieving him from thi j pressure of
Excise duties which -viihanced the cost of production.
The result is notorious to the least consider ate observer.
Now, it is precisely this mode of treatment It 'hich we are
desirous of seeing applied to our now, we rt-gret to say,
declining paper manufacture, declining not so.much in ex-
tensiveness, as_in what is far more important as affecting
the capital of the country—the rate and amoant of profit.
We confess that when we first turned our attention to
the condition of the paper manufacture in thiS country,
we had no just idea of the extent of its industrial im-
portance, or of the degree of repression which it is ,suf-
fering from the operation-of the duties imposed; upon it.
There is, perhaps, no branch of industry. the vicissi-
tudes of which,from its birth to the present time, present
so cemplete an illustration of the effectieof taxation upon
its development. Progressing gradually' from its feeble
beginning in the reign of Elizabeth to a strength and
importance which, in an evil hour, attracted the at-
tention of a Chancellor of the Exchequer, 'driven
to his last shifts for ways Yand meatus,
if xuf-
fered on the imposition, and, during the continuwnoe
of its first and most unjust taxation, met severe
and serious depression, but sprung again into position
on the reduction of the duties with au elasticity indica-
tive of the highest strength and vitality. Immediately
subsequent to the grant of that measure of relief, an,ex.,
traerdinary impulse was given to this madnfacture,„and
no doubt large profits were made by those who had
embarked their capital in it.
But what is the condition of the trade at the present
moment ? and why are the paper manufacturers press-
ing for a remissiou of the duty still remaining' on their
production? and why are we, as public joarnaiistiwtirg-
ieg their claims in preference to many others? Because
they are alarmed by finding that their rate of.proat is
steadily and continuously decreasing under the pressure
of foreign competition, and because they apprehend
that the result of the struggle in which
they are engaged will be, should the Govern-
ment unhappily listen to the louden clamour
instead of the strongest argument, the displacement of
British by Continental labour. And we do not hesitate
to say that, after.taking the greatest pains to inform our-
selves upon the subject, We are convinced that that Alarm
and that apprehension are just and Well-founded. Now,
we will place before our readers one out of a thousand
instances which have come to our knowledge kills
course of our inquiries into the merits of the case, and
which has, with others of the same character, had its
share in guiding us to a conclusion. The AmeriCans
are engaged at this moment in purchasing in this coun-
try, for import into the United Slates, the raw materiel
for the supply of their paper mills; they have., the„,ex•
peruse, of course, of the freight of a bulky article to pay,
ID addition to the cost price here, yet they can afford—
such is the pressure of the Excise duty upon our own
manutacturers—to work it up, in spite of these prelimi-
nary expenses, at so cheap a rate that they are now
effecting sales in our own colonies at so low a piing
that they have driven the British salesman out of the
market. .

We shall, no doubt, be met by a reference to the
Board of Trade returns, snd we shall be told—oh, but
look under the head of exports; why, under all this dis-
couragement of which you talk, there is a positive in•
crease in the export trade in paper. We acknowledge
unhesitatingly that it is so; but we answer in this case
precisely as we have answered on former occasions to
the allegations of general commercial prosperity, sup-
ported by references to the exports, as set forth in re-
turns of the Statistical Department of the Board of
Trade, that the amount of exports of any manufactured
article affords no true measure of the prosperity of the
trade, or of its value to the country. Tell us what profit
accrues upon the sales, and we will tell you what addi-
tion it renders to the capital of the nation.
Now, what are the claims of the window-fax as com-
pared with those of paper? The window-tax, we ad-
mit, is most unquestionably unpopular, though not to
the degree to which the Times and its clients would
fain persuade the Chancellor of the Exchequer it is.
It is offensive in its operations, unequally adjusted, and
awkward in its working; but after all it is only a per-
sonal tax. It does not with directness injuriously affect
to the investment of capital and the employment of
labour, as the paper tax does. On the contrary, capital
employed in the building and purchasing of houses
yields, as is well known, a very good return; nor, above
all, does it, as the continuance of the paper duty does,
put a most important branch of domestic industry to the
imminent hazard of being displaced by foreign enter-
prise. And for these, and other reasons, on which we
have insisted on former occasions, we again beg to join
our voice to that of the deputation, whose interview with
the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday will be found
reported in another part of our paper, in urging upon
him most earnestly the primary importance of relieving
their manufacture from the tax which so heavily presses
upon its further development, and even renders its pre-
sent footing most preoarious.

MISTAKEN IDENTITY.

PARDON OF MR. GOLDSMID.

It will be recollected that Mr. John Goldsmid was
tried at the last Middlesex Sessions before Mr. Sergeant
Adams, for an assault alleged to have been committed
by him on George Treveman, an excite officer, and after
a trial which occupied a considerable time, found guilty
and sentenced to an imprisonment of three months. Im-
mediately after the trial Messrs. Lewis, of Ely-place,
who defen.led Mr. Goldsmid, having, from the instruc-
tions they had received, felt confident of the innocence
of Mr. Goldsmid, proceeded to obtain evidence in addi-
Lion to that given at the trial, with the view of laying
the whole body of testimony before Sir George Grey.
Assisted by the efforts of Mr. Goldsmid's family, and
numbers of his friends, his solicitors, produced fifteekt
declarations upon the eubjeot, and forwarded them to
the judge who tried the unlucky defendant. While this
was in the possession of Mr. Sergeant Adams the inno-
cence of Mr. Goldsmid was placed beyond all doubt by
the appearance of Wm. noggins, the person who
bad, as was slated, committed the assault, and who came
forward to take upon himself the responsibility and to
relieve the individual erroneously charged from the im-
putation against him. Mr. Sergeant Adams, name-
dtately upon hearing the statement of Mr. noggins, and
Messrs. Lewis having reduced that statement to ads.
claration on oath, addressed the Secretary of State for
the Home Department, and the result was that within
half an hour of the presentation of the document yes-
terday Mr. Goldsmid was liberated from custody with a
free pardon—the pardon being of course a mere form,
but necessarily arising from the fact that the verdict of
the jury was " guilty."

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

MINERALOGY.

CAMBRIDGE, JAN. 30.—The Professor of Mineralogy
has given notice that kis lectures will commence On
Thursday, Feb. 20.

These lectures will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays,
Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, from two to three
o'c:ock, in the Mineralogical Museum, under the west
end of the new library.
Gentlemen who attend these lectures with the inten.
tion of obtaining the professor's certificate, which, by
grace of the Senate (Oct. 31, 1848) is now required
under certain conditions for the degrees of 8.A,, Hono-
rary M.A., and 8.C.L., must be provided with the pro-
fessorial lecture-ticket, for which they are requested to
apply to the registrary, or to their college tutor.
Gentlemen who do not require the certificate ere ad-
mitted gratis.

Efforts are being made to establish school •f
design in the " faithful " city of Worcester with a ♦iew to
the improvement of the porcelain and other manufactures
there.

The maltsters of Ware met last week and agreed
to petition Parliament for a remission of the additional duty
of 51. per cent. imposed, in 1840, on the amount of tin
malt duty.
APPREHENSION OF A MURDERER IN LIVRIPOOLe—
In the month of November, 1842, Mr. James Scully, a ma-
gistrate of the county of Tipperary, was barbarously mur-
dered near to his own residence, at killfeacie. The mur-
derer eluded the vigilance of the police, notwithstanding
that a reward of 2001. had been offered for his apprehension.
On Tuesday night be was given into the custody of the Li-
verpool police, through the instrumentality of his wife,
whom he had deserted. The alleged murderer's name is
Andrew Coffee. He was taken before Mr. Rushton, sad
ordered to be sent to Ireland.

:fiolreytehredliasuPantachie:
----
enlng there siere
A LARGE MAIL.—On Monday eV-- •
tier," (besides about
_
at one time not fewer than 90,0ti0 €1
ofre the correspondence
office—the ship-letter office. They
,_ a,,„..5; or prepared to be die-
-40,000 newspapers) in one departmenwtel
received from America by tieAls'filio% on Saturday next. The
the Liverpool rest.
patched to America by 8
Times.
from any post-office.
JILT veic7;
Er MOONLIGHT.--011
Africa will probably
SHIP LATINO"'
preparations were made at the ship yard of
Wednesday last
Hessen and
Messrs. ered) barque, of 525 tons burden, named
,copp .
of a splemlida.
an ItlBlesu:etjahirsgepitrint
eminent Greek firm in Londom. A.large
Syria, built"
persons were assembled, anxiously • ' wetting to
ocourse 0
co the interesting event. The shipwrights' sledge-
witness
drove in the wedges, and the ship
sledge-
hammers was
.ultimately
pronounced, to be ready. " Stand clear ' was the ,order,
and the " dogshores " knocked away, but the ship con•
tinued in her position, and although the screws were used
to force the vessel into her destined element, it was all in
vain, and this disappointed the anxious curiosity of many
hundreds of persons then assembled, who, soon afterwards,
rapidly dispersed. Immediately the vessel was .replaced
on her blocks and the " ways ' got ready again, by being
soaped and greased, and at about three o'clock the ' next
morning, being then very moonlight, the ship was launched
in gallant style, and, although thus early in the morning,
a conEiderable number of spectators were present. The
vessel is the largest ever built at Rye, and is pronounced
an excellent model. She is intended for the Mediterranean,
trade. . •

A RAILWAY TRAIN ATTACKED Bl rthAe
approaching,B least u
0w.a7.0:1.
The mail train on Wednesday night narrowly
_ear-sue Fl°:_in,lF.
and
re i 3 lights er m°BB enognu Yt
the
thrown off the rails between Headcorn
full tilt against the
i the
bullock which had strayed from a drovewhile
the
ast) body hbaypy itnhgs
rail.t gate,Th whendro Ye r
thel i ad
mail-train succeeded in7
v aalsruitnans seenti
hoef
wet' bgiicnhe,tnwei
tbheiatsst
tailnaa deindtihreectdlrr.t°T/ It
shock w
wastb e stopped,occur r
ebnucet.toclueedaidetened one
engine and was dashed to pieces,e
of 60 yards from the lace
been picked up at a distance
where the colli,ion occur!e •
e n
ascertaininggine-d engine-driver, i t• e r ,
tibna
ecin
ids
enrt.a.ehtteui
ortliei
ont
and taken care of by Memory.--..
Journal.
Experience-knowledge sold at a high price by
THB WINDOW-TAI.—A spirited and unanimous
EM gaortcoonneh
meeting in favour of a repeal of the window-tax was held
under the presidency of the mayor, in the Guildhall, Ply-
mouth,The Rev. Robert Eden, Rector of Leigh, Essex,
'tso.iournat
hasbeen BishoponeleWeteeddnesda-.
of the diocese of. Rose and Moray,
in the Episcopal Church of Scotland, by a majority 0 fire
te two, in succession to tile Right Rev. Biihop Low