The Sun.
London, England, 1833-08-14 00:00:00

GERMAN PAPERS.

MUNICH, AUG. 2.—Tne monument in honour of the
30,000 Bavarians who fell in Russia is nearly completed.
It stands in a beautiful spot out of the city (Caroline_
squ,re), which is cro,sed by four principal streets, one of
which leads to the Royal Palace of Nympi enbu g. It is
130 feet high, of metal, and standing on rocks.
The raising of recruits for Greece goes on so well that
it is expec ed the whole number of 3,500 men will be
completed in October.

A great dell has lately been said among the literary
men in this capital of a supposed intention of changlng
. .

the Constitution of the Universities of the South of Ger-
many, in consequence of the events at Fr inkfort supposed to
have origina►ed in them, and on a proposal of the President
of the D of ; and that it was intended to organize them on the
plan of the Austrian univ. reifies. This apprehension is un-
bounded, at least as far as the universities are concerned.
As the Governments in the other Constitutional Stares
of Germany are not likely to consent to a change in
the present state of their universities, and the same is
believed to be the case with Prussia, it is to he hoped
that the system of study in Germany will not be inter.
rowed, and the universities not be abridged of their
rights and privileges. We may observe, that of the 1,700
students in the uuiversi'y at Munich, not one was con-
cerned in the events at Frankfort, and we have had occa-
sion to observe that the pester part of the students wish
to distinguish themselves rather by the acquirement of
knowledge and steadiness of conduct than, as formerly, by
revelry, duelling, and fantastic dre-s. They no longer
keep aloof from the society of the eitiz nu, but mingle
with it, and give balls and concerts, which are always at-
tended
by the most distinguished families, and have se-
veral times been honoured by the presence of members of
the Royal family itself.

KALALT, JULY 31.--. At a late meeting of the land.
owners, at which a deputation was chosen to survey and
value the lands, and two valuers of hind appointed, it was
resoled by the majori►y that no more tithes should be
raised in kind, as the costs of collection are too great. No
landowner is to let the sheaves remain standing. In the
valuation of the lauds every person has a right to be pre-
sent, and if lie thinks himself aggrieved, to state his case,
that it may be examined. The valuation of tithes is at
all times open to the inspection of every body.
lIANOVER.

M. Gant, advocate in Cette, has suffered the three
weeks' iraprisoment to which he was sentenced, for the
petition which be drew up for the prisoners of state, his
request that the punsibment might be annulled for a fine
being refused, and his application to be allowed to prove
tieing unattended to. Messrs Kor-ig and Freitag, st
Osterode, are sentenced to the 144. use of Correction for
ten years, but have appea'ed to the tribunal at Stade,
and it is thought that die sentence will be cansideraby
mitigated. For the prisoners at Gottingen, M. Gins de-
dvered in the defence some months ago, which proposes
their entire acquittal. This defence is said to fill
about 400 sl eeta. and to be extremely interesting.
Bit the first sentence rspectinz these prisoners
may Ira delay,cl several years--(Query the
gentleman who hat hitherto conducted the investiga
tion has been objected to, and it had been accessary to
appoint another, who tnust study the documents relative
to the inquiry, which already fill above 50,000 pages :
meantime, several persons, who have been innocently im-
plicated in the inve•tigation, suffer severely through the
course of justice in Hani,ver, which is clogged with nu-
merous useless lurmaitties.
VIINNA, Avo. Q•--5 per Cents., 94 15-16 ; 4 per
Cep t 9., 86 2.5; Bank Shares, i,ess.—Aligemeine
Zei-
tuug, Aug. 7.

Mr. BERNAL and others brought up the China Trade
Bill, the Disembodied Militia Bi 1, the Uniformity of Pro-
cess Amendment Bill, the Dwelling...house Robbery Bill
with the Lords' amendments agreed to, and the Scotch
Burghs Police Bill with the amendments agreed to.
The Customs Bill was reported, and the amendments
agreed to.
The Assessed Taxes Reduction Bill was read a third
tame and passed.
Lord AUCKLAND moved the committal of the Sugar
Refining Bill. He did not expect any opposition to his
motion, therefore it was almost unnecessary for him to
say anything upon it. The principle of the Bill was
admit swear to be refined under lock, for the purpose of
exportation.
Earl S►. VINCENT saw no reason for the West India
Interest to oppo•e tois Bill, unless it was to be considered
as the prelude to a more extensive Bill for the next session
—if he considered it in that light he would give it all
the opposition in his power. He made these observatioos
from what he had seen had taken place elsewhere.
The Duke of WELLINGTON said he understood the
object of the Bill was to afford facilities to the importa-
tion of sugar from Cuba and Brazils.
The House then went through Committee on the amend-
ment.

Lord SUFFIELD presented a petition from Darlington,
against the Slavery Abolition Bill. Also from Peckham in
favour of the Factories Bill, and praying for further regu-
lations to be introduced relating to children under 18
years of age.
Lord WYNFORD presented a petition from a person
named Smith, in the Bengal service, praying that a
preference m•ght net be given to the East India Company
over their customers.
SEPARATISTS' AFFIRMATION BILL.
The House went into Committee on this Bill.
Lord WYNFORD rose to propose an amendment
making it obligatory upon Separatists to affirm that they
obj-cted to taking an oath.
Lord GOSFORD had intended to introduce a similar
amendment.
Lord PLUNKET saw no necessity for the amend
ment, thinking it qui•e sufficient when the oath was
tendered, if the party stated he was a separatist.
The Bishop of HEREFORD could nor agree to the
proposition of the Noble and Learned Lord who spoke
last, thinking it necessary that some declaration should he
had from a sect of which, at present, nothing was known
that they objected 'o take an oath. If some amendment o
that nature was not introduced, he should feel compelled
to oppose the Bill altogether.
Lard SUFFIELD concurred entirely with the statements
of the Noble Lord behind him (Plunket), and should
support the amendment. He thought it hard that an indi-
vidual should be called upon to take an oath as to the exact
tenets of the body to which he belongs.
• The Earl of HARROWBY thought the observation of
the Right Rev. Prelate perfectly correct, for not one-tenth
of their Lordships knew who these people were.
SCOTCH BURGH BILL

The LORD CHANCELLOR rose to move the second
reading of this Bill, w hick he conceived to be a salutary
and necessary imp. ovement in the corporation of Scot-
land. It was a subject of great importance, and one
which except on occasion of the Scotch R form Bill, and
then but incidentally, had not been brought before the
House. The system of Scotch Burghs was very different,
and in some cases almost opposite, to that whic.. pre-
vailed in England. N.. doubt, in remote times there ex-
isted a greater similarity in the practice of the two parts
of the United Kinedom, and that four centuries ago e
constitution ol Scotch Burchs very nearly resembled throe
of Enelish borouphs. This, was, however, rather a ques-
t►on of curiosity than of importance, and was involved in
much obscurity. Another question also involved in oh-

ecuriry was, what was the preci.e right of election prior to
that great change which took place some cenyurieg hick,
and regulated the elections up to the pr, sent hour. He
had no doubt, however, that the election of the cotpor •tion

was in the hands of the burgage tenants of the crown,
holding in capite. In 1469 the Legisl iture of Scotland
deemed it expedient to confine rights which had hitherto
been vested in the burgesses generally to a much smaller
and more select body. The burgesses had ti en the riAt
electing("i
Ay
i Mayor, aldermen, osti,letaiil lei ens, and
, and
commoneounci council,council. These
, answering to the
English
were chosen by the burgesses at large ; and the Legisla-
ture, in seeking out a smaller body to whom to confine the
elective francnise, fixed on • council, as men c'xisen I.y,
and therefore possessed of, the confidence of their fellow bur.
gesses. The object and reason of the Bill appeared in the pre-
te
ta,ei nclai lues,e wohf igc hr
ear
ta ncotnhtuesn:t
i:nTsTouchingly fotrh
ceelection
tohf:i
mffiazers,
through multitude and clam iur of the common simple
persons—(A laugh)—who were therefore to be excluded."
The old Council, therefore, according to this Act, chose
the new, and the new and the old together chose the
officers. Each of the trades or crofts, it appeared, for-
merly chose its own Deacon, a certain number of whom
were Council Deacons. In process of time, however, a
compromise took place between the trade, and the
Council, and a sort of mixed election took place. He
would refer for illustration to the example of the
capital. The Corp-ration of Edinburgh consisted
of a Provost and four Baillies, a certain number or
Councillors, a Dean of the Merchants' Guild, anti
eight annual Deacons, who were De icons of crafts or
trade., of which there were about foarteen ; but eight
were Deacons of Council. Prior to 1465, these were
chosen by the burgesses ; but since that time, the prin-
ciple of ,elf election prevailed without stint. As to the
Deacons, one was selected by each of the fourteen trades,
eight of whom were Councillors; and, with respect to
t iose, it appeared the Council sent the trades a list of six
persons, whom they declared eligible to he elected ; the
members of the trade reduced this list to three, out of
whom the Council selected one. Sit much for the prin-
ciple of popular election in this instance. This was the
Constitution of Edinburgh ; but in other boroughs it was
not so exclusive. In some instances, the list of six was,
in the first instance, sent from the trades to the Council,
and the Council were called upon to shot ten it, and send
it back to the trades. In most cases, however, their
Lordships might take it as a rule, that on reference to
corporations, the principle of self-election prevailed in
Scotland. In the Scotch Burgh., a person became a
burgess in a very different way to that practised in Eng-
land—here, birtn, servitude, by appi enticeship, and
sometimes aviteriage coma tuted a claim to freedom ;
but in Scotland, it appepr.d that the only qualification
requisite was a knowledge of the craft or trade;
but all persons might be admitted on payment of fees;
which, where the claim was not founded on skill, were
generally heavier than in other instances. The Noble Lord
wttGwhile,aeonsngtteoyot tfkeo, ruhpe
riaal
P of
rovosts,
tvihe,,ehst,s,h descriptionßu
elections,
Burgesses,
of h
said,rt in
esseai
including
teDiedlbeei
Deacons,
eezr Scotland,vbniuiirigeGiah nisdd
n of
h
no merchant guilds, and no deans of guilds, chcilibemenmebrych,ilatdahnsnet,sd.
osen by
was
no
01(:Ieitiylinnccuitol,l.etrerpemoTirnahtteen1
driueemtwbDreaaer:aetnsaw:eonotfte:rGfi whichvgu twenty-five,
,latdidation
wd
hloawdernostgilul
d no
deacon., and in which the Councils were completely
sell-elected and uncontrolled. In them there was not
even the shadow of an election. But as in 'suture there
was an infinite gradation in man, the 11104 perfect of
animals, to the polypus that grew on the nick, and was
pat t of the rock, so in art there was an imitation of nature,
and there was an infinite gradation till we approached
something which was like the polypi's. If there were
twenty four burghs, which. though conspicuous for their
imperfections, yet hail all the attribu.es of Corporaiions, so
there were four burghs lower than the twenty-five" he bad
nr ntioned, which had neither merchants, guilds, nor deans
of guild, Or deacons, nor burgesses, but still r hey had a
Council and M igistrates, who possessed alt the powers and
privileges of the perfect Council of Edinburgh. Having
given
d a
to ds
a rrie posstiess,settpep
powers
sleot
tLordhe g neat-
est c ed othfetyhealbl
importance. They wet... the Judges in civil suits of a
restcPtribuan i
large amount, as their Lordships must know by the ap-
peals which hid been made from their decisions. They
also possessed an extensive criminal jurisdiction, as well as
h,viug the control and management of the burgh hinds,
which was of itself a matter of importance, and was pro-
bably regarded by the Members ut the Council as of the
greatest importance. The whole of the s,xty•six Royal
Burghs Pth""sed extensive revenues derived fiew taxes
or irons imposts levied on the inhabitants. The
revenue of Edinburgh, derived from this source, was,
be believed, 52,0001. or 55,0004 ; that of Glasgow