The Sun.
London, England, 1856-11-06 00:00:00

71iiimasmiczmesi
LONDON. Til u SDA 1r EvEN LNG NOVEMBER 6, 1856.
immeavestilm.

have to fill in the constitution of the empire. Let us range
ourselves around the throne, that by our means it may re-
ceive strength, lustre, and that influence which it has the
right to expect from greatjndicial bodies. We should fail
of our constitutional mission were we to choose to shut our-
selves always anti obstinately within our office as judges.
For great judicial companionships there are a governmen-
t:a attitude, an exalted sentiment of political loyalty, a con-
stant and well-understood desire to work together for the
general good, things which are not matters of choice and
taste, but duties. Such a spirit animated the ancient
French magistracy; let it be ours if we would remain
'faithful to the traditions of our order, and the essential
conditions of our institutions.
M. Vaisse then proceeds to give his view of the
actual state of political feeling in France, and dwells
with elaborate severity on taiat spirit of opposition
which manifests itself in what the orator stigmatises
as "a little ivretched wratare carried on by means of
false reports, malignant insinuations,!alluions, and
•
epigrams" —a warfare of words, not deeds, having
nothing real or deep snout it, and involving nothing
serious, except it bes the result of "creating.a false
pnblieopinion.—apublic opinion calculated to deceive
alike government andpeople, leadinggovernment to
believe that it ought no longer,to place reliance;tha
the people, and the people that it can no longer
look for protection from government. M. Vaisse
then passes by an easy gradation, from this mere
vulgar war of epigrams and envy, to the hostility
of those abler and more dangerous foes "who," as
M. Vaisse assures his hearers, ,‘ would unhesi
ingly sidamith the zmernment If ITZ'govern men t
could consent to accept their services:" This sec-
tion of. his Imperial Majesty's opposition--(" au
temps de la Fronde," says M. Vaisse, "on les ap-
pellait le parti des Importans ")—comprises many
persons of considerable ability, who under various
governments have formerly been employed in pub-
lic affairs. The orator proceeds as follows :---
It would be too much to expect from the weakness of
human nature that they should approve of what has been
done, and is doing, after them and without them. They,
feel a degree of impatience which, in their place, we
should, no doubt, feel equally, at seeing power and ad-
ministration in the hands of those whom they naturally
regard as exceedingly incompetent, and they lose no op-
portunity, public or private, direct or indirect, of mag-
nifying themselves by comparison, and consoling them-
selves by criticism. They affect, moreover, to take under
their especial protection the cause of liberty. Doubtless,
it is a high game to play; but we must first understand
clearly what the word Liberty means. When the aristo-
cracy of old Rome' had lost its hold one the assemlslies of
the people, it took every opportunity of proclaithing that
liberty was no more; and fur a long time it succeeded by
the aid of its orators and historians in imposing this belief
on the world. Modern times, however, have taught us to
comprehend ancient flints, and we now know what the
word liberty meant as employed by the friends of Pompey.
Let it be conceded to governments founded on the basis of
an aristocracy, whether patrician or mercantile, that they
are,well adapted to produce, and more especially to pro-
mote and encircle with notoriety—men of distinguished
parts; that these men are habituated in the noise that is
made about them to find tho principal evidence of the free
political life of a nation; that there is thus formed in and
around the press, the tribune and the higher regions of
power orspecies of political life, which is no doubt suffi-
ciently Active, and admirably well adapted to conceal from
view the real hollowness and factitiousness which underlies
the animation and bustle of parliamentary existence. This
is what we have seen during the last reign, and we will not
say that, like so many others, we may not ourselves have
been so far seduced and carried away as to mistake this
imposing spectacle for a real manifestation of political life.
But when these 7reat actors abruptly quitted the scene, and
a secondary class of agents, feeling the weight of responsibi-
lity which rested on them, sought everywhere for support,
and nowhere found any—neither in the government, nor in
the army, nor in the constituencies, then it was that all re-
cognised that the base of that system was too narrow and
confined, that the nation had never entered heartily into
it, that she spent her force in soaking to manifest to herself
her owe existence, until organised and disciplined, she ac-
quired the right of suffrage to make her will known, and a
single chief to carry that will into execution. A people
and an Emperor—that is what the nation wanted—that
in two words, the political constitution of France.
It is very sublime this cons,tip,rtion,, says M.
Vaisse, but IVG must not shut our eyes to wharirre
alleged to be its dangers. Among these dangers—
which M. Vaisse only alludes to with the greatest
caution—are, it seems, to be reckoned that want of
facile mechanism, elastic movethent, and easy self-
adaptation which characterise parliamentary govern-
ments ; it requires implicit confidence between go-
vernor.and governed--a community of sentiment
being the indispensable condition of the unity of
power. But, gays M. Vaisse, if this system has its
dangers, it has a stability also.which no other form
of government has ever equalled.

As an organisation of social powers, comprehending not
a fraction alone of the country and a given category of citi-
zens, but the,whole country in its entirety and all classes
of the citizens without distinction—it possesses a power
and a reality which oven regarded theoretically leaves no
ground for regretting the fictions of the Parliamentary
system.

M. Vaisso then proceeds to exemplify the bene-
ficial results of this 'system in the material and
moral progress which he represents France as hav-
ing made since 1852. He exhorts the members of
the bar to show themselves the ministers of order
and peace. If their liberal tendencies incline them
to the cause of popular freedom, they ought, he're-
minds them, to remember that liberty, like all the
other gifts of God, " ought to be proportioned to
our strength and the necessities of the time." He
quotes from the famous address on the opening of
the Session of 1852 the memorable words that " on
the day after a revolution the first guarantee for a
people consists, not in the immoderate exercise o f
the press and the tribune, but in tho right. of
choosing such government as it pleases."
That right (continues the orator) you have exercised in
its plenitude. Yon live under a Government founded
"on the people, the source of all power; the army, the
source of all strength ; and religion, the source of all j us-
tice." With institutions established on such bases, liberty
cannot be wanting, The pledge of this is to be found
in those words, which France, as stored in her memory, and
which I have no hesitation in repating on this solemn oc-
casion. "To those who regret," said an august voice,
" that a greater measure of freedom has not been conceded,
I would reply, Liberty has never taken part in founding a
durable political edifice. She comes to crown the work
when time has consolidated it." (Address of the '
parer at the opening of the session, 1853.)

Let these noble expressions, said M. Vaisse, in
conclusion, "form the appropriate termination of
my discourse. Let us all labour, laying aside party
differences, at the great work of public peace ; this
will be the means of raising ourselves towards that
liberty which is the sure crowning grace of the,
completed edifice."—Daily News.

N4vai and titteditzett;e.

The visit which his Royal Highness the Duke of Cam-
bridge intends making to Chatham is now understood to
be for the purpose of brigading the whole of the troops
belonging to the different branches of the service stationed
at Chatham garrison with the view of testing their effi-
ciericy and their ability to act together. The review of
the troops will take place on the Great Lines, and prepa-
rations are being made by the troops in anticipation of the
visit of the Commander-in-Chief. During the afternoon of
yesterday and the previous day the duty men belonging
to the several depots, comprising the previsional batta-
lions under the command of Col. H. Jervis, were
marched on to the Lines, where they, were joined by the
corps of Royal and the Eastlndia Company's Engipeers,
under the command of Col. H. Sandham and Col. H.
Savage,- and the troops belonging to the Royal Marine
Light Infantry, under the command of Col. J. A. Philips,
the whole forming a brigade of .about 3,000 men under
the command of Col. W. H. Eden, commandant of the
garris,wi. After each battalion lad taken up its proper
po:4'.ion, with the regiments- of the line in the Centre,
various movements were executed with considerable cele;
city and precision, and the manoeuvres that will be per-
fc rmed on the occasion of the visit of the Duke of Cain-
k.ridge were rehearsed by the whole of the troops. The
visit of his Royal Highness was fixed for to-day, but a
telegraphic despatch was received last night at Chatham
announcing that unforeseen circumstances compelled him
to postpone it. ,
Lieut.-Col. E. W. C. Wright, Deputy-Assistant
Quat:terniaster-General at -Pcirtremouth, succeeds Lieut.-
Col. Dalgetty in the appointment 'of Assistant-Quarter-
master-General of the South-Western District.
An inspection of the troops belonging to both cavalry
and hifantry regiments stationed at St. Mary's barracks,
Chatham, to the number of nearly 1,700 men of all
tar.ks, took place yesterday, for the purpose of selecting
those non-commissioned officers and men who are to re-
ceive their discharge, agreeably to instructions
,received
from the Horse Guards. The number selected is 150,
belonging to nearly every regiment in the service.
The 50th Regiment, in Kilkenny, which received a
letter of readiness on Friday, got the route by Saturday's
post directing them to leave yesterday for Belfast.

The screw eteam•ship Alma, Capt. Potts, put in at
Portsmouth yesterday, owing to strong easterly winds
arcd defective 'machinery, from Constantinople and Malta
fort. London, having on board 150 non•commissionod offi,

cars and men of the Polish Legion. She has had a very
I ong and tedious passage.

Two of the transports (Culloden and Sultana) taken
up by the Government for the conveyance of the British
un..rman Legion to the Cape of Good Hope, Will be
ready at Portsmouth dockyard to-day at noon, and the
embarkations will take place to-morrow.

Her Majesty's paddlewheel ateamsloop Vesuvius,
Cle mniander Hore, from the Mediterranean, arrived at
W oolwieh on Tuesday night, and was yesterday mornieg
ale patched on a trial trip ),o Greenhithe. The Vesuvius
liming completed her term of commission is .ordered to

return stores, and will be paid off at Woolwich. •
- The freightship Norman Morrison is ordered down to
Woolwich to receive Ordnance stores, and to embark
Major Tupper's company of the 13th battalion Royal
krtillery for Bermuda.

The Maid of the Isles has been chartered by Govern.
mpent, and is to commence shipping ammunition to-day
from the Ordnance department, Woolwich, for Algoa•bay.
No. 3awooden mortar float, having been stripped of
I,er mortar bed and fittings, was yesterday morning
I rowed down to Woolwich to be appropriated for the con•
reyance of steam machinery. '

The following appointments were made yesterday ai
le Admiralty :

E. M. Tupper, Midshipman, to the Impregnable.; A.
T. Collier, Midshipman, to the James Watt; C. A.
:Hayward, Midshipman, to the Indefatigable ; W. EL T.
-...engelley and F. G. D. Bedford, Midshipman, to the
Ytonarch.

Yesterday afternoon, in accordance with previous ar-
rangement, a deputation from the Metropolitan Board
of Works, consisting of Mr. J. Thwaites, preeiaent ;Mr.
Bazalgette, engineer•in-chief ; Mr. E. H. Woolrych, se•
cretary ; and Mr. Marrable, architect to the board,
waited on the Eight Hon. Sir B. Hall, at the office of
Public Works, Whitehall-place, for the purpose of sub-
mitting for his approval the amended scheme adopted by
the Metropolitan Board for the main intercepting Rye-
age, and plans for other metropolitan improvements.
Mr. THWAITES said that in conformity with the provi-
sions of the Metropolis Local Management Act, they
had attended to submit for the approval of the Govern
ment, through its Chief Commissioner of Public
Works, the amended plan adopted by the Metropolitan
Board of Works for the main intercepting sewage of the
metropolis marked "B." This plan proposed for its
outfall "Halfway-reach" and a point of the river Thames
below Erith. Another plan had been before them for
extending the outfall to "Sea-reach," but, inasmuch as
the carrying of tee London sewage to such a distance
through the counties of Kent and Essex would involve
an additional outlay of 2,000,0001., the Metropolitan
Board did not feel Itself jus;iieditt throwing that addi-
th n d amount of taxation upon the metropolis • but if
the Government approved the latter plan, and would
provide for the extra expense, then the Board of Works
would cheerfully carry that plan. out.
Sir B. HALL wished the deputation to understand
that any plan which they might submit to him, and
which he conceived was calculated to 'bring the sewage
within the metropolitan district, he had the power to
reject. He knew nothing of the plan now proposed,
except what he had read in the newspapers, and there-
fore he should require Mr. Bazalgette to enter into an
explanation of the Whole sehetne froun4segirming.ao end;-
beginning from one side of the Thames and then taking
the other.
Mr. BAZALGETTE then entered at great length into the
details of his plan, with the aid of maps and di grams,
&c., and, in answer to questions put by the right hon.
la -erect, he admitted that it would be necessary to have
various outfalls into the Thames between Vauxhall.
bridge and Deptford-creek to carry off the surface storm
water which it might be expected would be necessary
from 20 to 30 days in each year. It might so happen
that with these floods some of the sewage would un-
avoidably be carried into the Thames. It was proposed
that the outfall of the sewage at "Hafway reach" should
take place one hour before and two hours after the
eiange of tide. The points of discharge would be two
miles and a half beyond the metropolitan area on the
south side, and thtee miles and a quarter on the north
side of the Thames. It had been calculated that the
flow of the sewage, after being discharged into the
Thamoe, might come within about a quarter of a mile of
the metropolitan boundary.
Sir B. HALL said two plans had already been rejected,
one on the 22d July, and the other on the 6al Oct.
What he (Sir B. Hall) wanted to know was how it was
that the Metropolitan Board had brought before him (the
right hon. baronet) this plan " B," seeing that the Board
bad themselves, in the first instance, partially con-
demned it, when they rejected it for further it,formation,
and that in the second instance they had wholly con-
demned it. On the latter occasion, when the chairman,
gave the casting vote, he (Sir B. Hall) recollected read-
ing that one of the members exclaimed, in reference to
that vote, "You have saved the Board."
Mr. THWAITES explained that that was in reference
to an amendment that the outfall should be west of
Meth, which was neaatived.
Sir B. HALL said he supposed that the plan "B" had
been submitted to him, under the impression that it com-
plied with the provisions of the act. All he could then
say 'was that the whole subject would have his best and
most speedy attention.
Mr. MARRARLE then submitted the plan for the
Covent-garden improvements, the net estimate for the
cost of which is 46,0001., of which the Duke of Bedford
subscribes 15,0001.
Sir B. HALL said upon this subject he had very seri-
ous complaints to make against the Metropolitan Board.
With reference to the Covent-garden improvements he
had called their attention to the subject so far back as
the 16th July, and had stated that he would prefer that
the Metropolitan Board should carry out the works, but
that if they did not desire to do so it should be done by
his department. On the 28th, 11 days afterwards, he re-
ceived a letter thanking him for the plans, and had
never heard anything more till that day, when the plans
were brought to him and he was called upon to decide
at once, so that the Parliamentary notices might appear
on the 15th. It was really too bad.
Mr. Terwasam said the board had had its attention
occupied with the main drainage queetioo, and other
subjects as well.
Sir HALL said the effect would be that he would
have to throw aside all Government business to attend
to these matters, but there was anet4er matter upon
which he felt it his duty to talk to the deputation most
seriously. He alluded to the Southwark improvements.
What were the facts ? On the Bth March last the Metro-
politan Board required to be informed what funds there
were at disposal for Southwark improvements. On the
13thheinformed them that there were t wo sums of 30,0001.,
which, with interest, amounted to 83,9001. raised under
the 12th, 13th, and 14th Vic., cap. 103, and 16th Vie.,
cap. 18, for waking a continuous line of street between
Southwark and Westminster bri lges through Stamford.
street and the York-road, within seven years from the
date of the last-mentioned act, and that in case the money
was not so applied within that period it would be repaid
to the Consolidated Fund. On the 15th April the Metro-
politan Board requested to be furnished with the plans
and documents before that board relative to these im-
provements, and on the 17th a letter with the plans, &c.,
required, was sent. Nothing further took place until
the 31st July, when a letter was written to the Metro-
politan Board expressing the wish of 'the First Commis-
sioner to be informed whether they contemplated pro-
ceeding with the formation of any new line of road on
the Surrey side, and requesting to be furnished with such
plan, as it might affect the contemplated improvements
near Parliament-street. On the 7th August he received a
reply stating that the subject was under consideration,
and the result would be communicated as early as pos.
sible. This was 11 weeks after his first communication ;
and from the 7th August, when he received the reply,
saying the subject was under consideration, he (Sir B.
Hall) received no commuei:lation until that day, when
ho was informed that he would have the plan laid before
him, involving an otatlay of 300,000/, of public money,
to decide upon, and only five days to do it iu in order to
get the Parliamentary notices ready, while the Metropo-
litan Board had had the subject under consideration
since the Sth of March lest. It was really too bad.
Mr. THWAITES said the board would certainly, as a
matter of courtesy, lay the Southwark improvement plan
before Sir B. Hall ; but ;there was a doubt whether it
was requisite to do more than give the Parliamentary
notices, the sum being above 50,0001. Tne board had
not themselves agreed as to the plan.
Sir B. HALL said, if the Metropolitan Board felt they
had no right to send their Southwark plan to him for
approval, let them not do so. He must tell them that
he thought, however, they were bound to do so under
the act. It was really monstrous that the Board of
Works should have had tee matter so long before them,
and then give him (Sir B. Hall) only a few days to con-
sider,plans involving an outlay of 300,000/.
Mr. THWAITES, Mr. WOOLRYCH, and other gentlemen
admitted that the time was exceedingly short, and after
some discussion,
Sir B. HALL said if the plans were sent to him on
Monday he would put aside other Governmeut business
to attend to the subject, so that the Parliamentary
notices might be in time ; but he really must request the
Metropolitan Beard to let this be the last time they
would allow such delays to occur. He would also give
his opinion on the sewage plan as early as possible.
The deputation then withdrew.

RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS.

LONDON AND SOUTH-EASTEItA RAlLWAY.—Traffic re-
turn for the weok ending Nov. 1,185 G £19,840 19 10
Corresponding week last year.....

:632 9 3

nercase in 1856

LONDON, BRIGHTON, AND SOUTH COAST RAILWAY.—
Traffic return for the week ending Nov. 1,
1856
Corresponding week last year... 12,673 13 4
Total of the half-year to this date, 1856 328,547 710
Total of the half-year to this date, 1855 30.),636 !8 5
GREAT NORTHERN RAlLWAY,—Traffia return f. r the
week ending Oct. 26, 1856 4..96,011 5 0
Corresponding week last year "5,717 2
LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAlLWAY.—Traffic
return for the week ending Nov. 2, 1856 Di1,037 0 0
Corresponding week last year
CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAlLWAY.—Traffic return for
the week ending Nov. 2, 1856 i'r,447 0 0
Corresponding week last year 6,0,,7 0 0

Innemo in 1856 . . X33O 0 0

- -
GLASGOW AND SOUTH-WESTERN DAlLWAY.—Traffic re-
turn for the week ending Nov. 1, 1856.........£6,6.13 9 11
Corresponding w oak last year ..................... 6,037 8 10
Increase in 1856 .............................. £609 1 1
CORK AND BANDON RAILWAY.—Traffic return for week
ending Nov. 1, 1856 ........................ Q293 17 10
Corresponding week last year 314 10 11
GREAT LUXEMBOURG RAILWAY.—Traffic return for the
week ending Nov. 2, 1356 £Boo 15 9
•
LONDON GENERAL OMNIBUS COMPANY.—Traffic re-
turns for the week ending Nov. 1, 1856 £10,039 16 0

DROWNED IN A FRIGIIT.—Late on Menday evening a
man named Win. Birehall and his wife were returning
to Hoyland from notherba,m " statutes," and had reached
a part of the read near the village of Elgeear where there
is a reservoir on each side of the path, when they were
alarmed by some missiles being thrown at them. The
nig%t was very dark, and the woman screamed out
" Murder," while her spouse made a precipitate flight,
leaving his wife to take care of herself.' Ile dashed
through a hedge and fell into one of tho reservoirs,where Lis body was found on the following morning. I

Sir,—Observing that your correspondent, in his
letter from Boston, says, in regard to the battle of
Bunker's-hill, " who commanded on the American
side is still disputed ;" and, further on, " who
conceived the Flan of seizing on the hill is not
known," I, as a descendant of one who commanded
on that day, will endeavour to enlighten your
readers on what is known by every schoolboy in the
United States.
With regard to the conception, says Washington
Irving, " the heights, which swell up in the rear
of the village (Charlestown), overlook the town
(Boston) and shipping. The project was conceived
in the besieging camp to seize and occupy those
heights. A council of war was held upon the sub-
ject. General Putnam was one of the most strenu-
ous in favour of- the measure. Some of the most
wary and judicious, among whom were General
Ward and Dr. Warren, doubted the expediency,"
&c.

Putnam made light of the danger. He was con-
fident of the bravery of the militia, if entrenched,
having seen it tried in the old French war. Ho
was seconded by Gen. Pomeroy, a leader of like
stamp, and another veteran of the French war. He
had been a hunter in his time, a dead shot with
the rifle, and was ready to lead troops against the
enemy, " with five cartridges to a man." He was
seconded by Col. Win. Prescott, whose opinion,
says Irving, "probably settled the question, and it
was determined to seize on and fortify Bunk
hill. Col. Prescott was chosen by Geu. ward to
,
conduct the enterprise at Charlestown-neck
.
while on the march they were met
by
Gen.tls."
Put-
nam with waggons laden with entrenching
tools."
Bunker's-hilt commences at the neck and es
8. lo P
about 300 yards to the summit ; it Is connected
by a ridge with 13rud'i...--hill. The crests of the two
d er,s-
hills are about 700 yards apart.
they should pro-
ceed"a question arose which cf the two
" On attaining these heights,"
specified in the
to fortify; Bunker says our author,
ol mmand of the town
was much nea:• to
written,Boston, oarndde risi,a
dbuat Bb
el ut,:ies'rs- bhciiii'lls tulll't a
ti
on ,
and shipping." After a Brud's-bill
called " the battle of Bunker s-hi ,ll " was fought,
I: ec%, the. ac, inn, commonly
command Prescott un-
was determined on, and
it, although other officers of note
doubtedly had
portions of the
were on the ground and commanded
With regard to the _
redoubt. _ _ -

and " Will he fight ?" The --
General Gage is said to hare caught sight of him
through
glass walking the parapet, and to have
re-
ply, "To the last drop of blood," does not, how-
asked
ever, seem to have shaken his determination to
carry the hill, for the troops from Boston were
whhois he was,
despatched at once.
General Warren was offered the command of a
Portion of the redoubt, but declined it, and served
merely as a volunteer with his musket.
I trust in all fairness you will ingert this, whey,
believe me, you will receive the thanks of
London, Nov. 5.
YOWNG AMERICA. •
....-

INIGRATION TO Tat UNITED STATlS._Liverpool,
Weinesday.—The screw steamer City
of Wash.ngtoo,
Ca2tain Wm. Wylie, sailed from the Mersey for Phila.
detphia to-day, vs ith a large number of passengers, and
a full cargQ of merchandise on freight.