The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-03 00:00:00

JANUARY 3, 1851.
_
LONDON; FRIDAY EITENIN-- SUN,

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE AND
EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COIIPANIES,
26, CORNHILL, LONDON-.

DIRECTORS.
t*T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman.
*NV. A. B. Bennett, Esq. *John Rawson, Esq.
wi-fugh Croft. Esq. *John Shaw, Fsq.
tElliotson, M.D„ F.R.S. t *Edmund S. Symes, Esq.
*italph Gouzh, Esq. t*clement Tabor, Esq.
*NI. C. Maher, Esq. t Joseph Thompson, Esq.
*John Moss, Esq. f*Algustus Vigne, Egg*
AUDITOR.
f Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S.
PHYSICIAN.
*J. Elliotson, M.D„ F.R.S„ 37, Cmduit-street.
BUEUEON.
f*E. S. Symes, Esq., 77, Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-square.
ACTUARY.
t* W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., &c.
SECRETARY.
*D. T. Lyons Clanchy, Esq.
SUPERINTENDENT.
*W. A. Hawkins, Esq.
BANKERS.
t*MCSirg. Glyn, lialllfax, Mills, and Co., G 7, Lomb trd-street.
SOLICITORS,
tMessrs. Suttos, Ewens, Ommanney and Prudence, 6, Basinghall-

street.
*W. Tatham, Esq., 22, Chrogmorton-street.
NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE OFFICE.
C A FIT AL —500,000/
The WITHDRAWAL TABLE of the Society affords to the As-
sured the greatest possible present and prospective advantages that
can he conferred by Life Assurance. On this Talye the Assured is
entitled, at any time, to receive at interest an immediate advance,
to the extent of one-half the amount of the paid annual Premiums,
without security, personal liability, or deposit of the Policy, but by
simple endorsement thereon ; or the half Premium may be with-
hold during the whole continuance of the Policy. Also, in the
event of the Assured at any time not requiring to continue the
Policy, on its surrender one-half of the annual payments will be
returned by the Society.
Lapsed Policies may be renewed without fine, on proof of health
and payment of arrears of Premium without interest.
Notices of Assignment of Policies registered and acknowledged,
so as to make them available as securities in the hands of
third parties.
No Entrance Fees or any other charge beyond the Policy Stamp.
The present a nnual income of the Society from Premiums is
53,0001.; tce amount covered by the Polieies of the Society is
1,781,5801.; and the reserved profit, applicable to future bonus to
the Assured, amounts to 82,4541. ss. Gd. At the last annual inves-
tigation, reported in May, 1850, the bonuses declared to the As-
sured were, the option of a return of 15 per cent. on their Premiums
in cash, or a reversionary addition to the original sum assured by
each Policy varying from 20 to 65 per cent.
EXAMPLES OF BONUSES ALREADY DECLARED.

Extensive Travelling Leave granted without extra Premium
Moderate extra Premium for Residence in Tropical ClimateS.
EQUITABLE FIRE OFFICE.
Capital-50),0'0l.
(Incorpirated under 7 and 8 Viet., cap. 110.)
The leading principles of this Office ars—Moderate and equitable
Rates of Premium fir each cless of risk—Annual division of Profits.

The difficulty of collecting the elements on which to proportion
Premium to risk in Insurance against Loss by Fire has been so
great, that the rates at pramt charged are more the result of guess
than calculation.

It has been found by experience, that the total annual losses of the
different Established Companies have not been proportionate to the
amount of annual Premiums received by each.
It is of the highest importance, both to the Insured and Insurers,
that such an anomaly should cease, and an approximation to the
true risk be made. To secure this object the Equitable Fire Insu-
canoe Company is established.
The true rate of Premium for Fire Insarance can only bo ap-
oroached through Classification and Average, which has not hitherto
been sufficiently acted n. or systematically applied.
Whatever be the nominal rate, the bonus or return periodically to
the Insured will determine the true Premium equitably payable, as
security against loss for so great a calamity as fire, and the Insurer
is largely interested in this question, and will consult his interest by
supporting a system where, by a careful combination of Classifica-
tion and Aver ige, the Premium will be proportioned to the risk.
The Equitable Fire Office will, by a constant analo sis of its own
experience, from time to titre, adopt such rates of Premium as the
nature of the risk may justify, and will decline to enter into arrange-
ments as regards tariffs with other offices.
With this view an annual investiga•ion will be made into each
Blass of risk, and a return of one moiety, or fifty per cent. of the nett
excess will be made to all classes of Insurers whose Policies have
been in force for three years.
Insurances against Loss by Fire are effected by this Company upon
every description of Property on moderate terms.
Farming Stock insured at 3s. per cent, without the Average Clause.
Prospectnses. and every information may be obtained, on applica-
tion at the Office, or to any of its Agents.—.

Nati ..nal Loan Fund Life Assurance Society.
* Equitable Fire
f* Both Offices.

THE LIVERPOOL AND LONDON FIRE
AND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Established in 1836.
Empowered by Acts of Parliament.
Oftlee3:-8 and 10, Water-street, Liverpool ; 20 and 21, Poultry,
London.

TRUSTEES.
Sir Thomas Bernard Birch, Bart., M.P.,
Adam Hodgson, Esq., Samuel Henry Thompson, Esq.
DIRECTORS IN LIVERPOOL.
Chairman—WlLLlAM NICOL, Esq.
Deputy-Chairmen —JOSEPH C. EWART, Esq. ; JOSEPH
HORNRY, Esq.
Thomas Brocklebank, Esq. George ff. Lawrence, Esq.
William Dixon, Esq. Harold Littledale, Esq.
William Ehrle, Esq. John Marriot, Esq.
T. Steuart Gladstone, Esq. Edward Moon, Esq.
George Grant, Esq. Lewin Mozley, Esq.
Francis Haywood, Esq. Joseph Shipley, Esq.
Robert Higgin. Esq. 11. Stolterfoht, Esq.
George Holt, Esq. John Swainson, Esq.
John bore, Esq.
SECRETARY—Swinton Boult, Esq.
DIRECTORS IN LONDON.
Chairman —WILLIAM EWART, Esq., M.P.
Depute-Chairman—GEOßGE FREDERICK. YOUNG, Esq.
Sir W. de Bathe, Bart. lion. F. Ponsonhy.
William Brown, Esq., M.P. John Ranking, Esq.
Matthew Forster, Esq., M.P. J. M. Rosseter, Esq.
Frederick Harrison, Esq. Seymour Teulon, Esq.
James Hartley, Esq. Swinton Boult, Esq., Secretary
Ross D. Mangles, E q., M.P. to the Company.
RESIDENT SECRETARY—Benjamin Henderson, Esq.
CONSTITUTION.
Liability of the entire body of Shareholders unlimited.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Mercantile Risks freely Insured.
Foreign and Colonial Insurances effected.
Premiums as in other established offices.
Settlement of Losses liberal and prompt.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.
Premiums as low as is consistent with safety.
Bonuses not dependent on,profits being declared, and guaranteed
when the Policy is effected.
Surrender of Policies favourably dealt with.
Thirty days allowed for the Renewal of Policies.
Claims paid in three months after proof of death.
Policies not Disputed except on the ground of Fraud.
Full Prospectuses may be had on application at the Offices of the
Company as above, or to any of its Agents in the Country.

C 0.,

CATHOLIC LAW AND GENERAL LIFE
lJ ASSURANCE COMPANY,
8, NEW COVENTRY'-STREET, LEICESTER-SQUARE, LONDON.
The FOURTiI ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Proprie-
tors of this Company took place on the 25th instant, at the Head
Office, at One o'clock precisely. The following is extracted from the
report, which is too lengthy for publication :
During the past year no claims have arisen from deaths in England.
and but two in Ireland—one for 5001. and the other for 'MIL—making
together 7001., which have been paid. This is far below the expected
mortality, and is especially favourable, when It is remembered how
severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last

1 00

year.
The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1849, and
the 31st of \ lay, 1850, was more than double the number issued in
the twelve months preceding.
Proposals were made for 138 Policies, amounting to 52,9631.25. 6d.:
of these 123, comprising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,1251. 6s.
sixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,0481., upon which 3201. 3s.
was received by the Company in the shape of premiums
Since the commencement of the Company to the Ist of June last,
assurances were effected to the extent of 110,9721. 12s 6d., pro-
ducing in annual premiums 3,7321. 11e. 6d. Of these 54 lapsed,
amounting to 23,990/. 16s. 6d., of which the annual premiums were
7411. Is., leaving the yearly income on the Ist of June last equal to
2,991/, 15s. 11d.
Ince last meeting loans were applied for to the extent of 17,7001.,
but 1,1831. 1 ls. 10d. only was advanced.
The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the
last four months they hail considerably extended their business on
the Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent in France, Monsieur
de l'Etang, a gentleman of high standing in Paris, distinguished for
his integrity and ability in financial and in all assurance matters,
who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris,
the Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and Monseigneur Paris's, Eveque
de Langres, has already within the last three months effected a con-
siderable amount of business, not only in Life Assurances, but in An-
nuities both Immediate and Deferred.
After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning
thanks to the Right Reverend Chairman, Bishop Morris, the Vice-
Chairman, Actuary, Secretary, and Medical Officers of the establish-
ment, the meeting separated, highly gratified at its present results
and future prosreets.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad
and by its tonic an, Invigorating properties enables the stomach to
perfectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 6, sere-street, Oxford-
street, London, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs.
Barclay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen
and Merchants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in
sauce.
N.B. To guard against Imitations, see that the names of " LEA
and PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle.

nR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of SherwoOd, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvaiho;
147, Fleet-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author ,
,rice One Shilling each ; by post, ls. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS:—EarIy Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
aursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
frips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
',test, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.
IL
FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vold.
Vol I.
& VISIT TO THE LAKES; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c.
Vol. 11.

TfIE LAKES OF KILLARNEY; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, &c.
111.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
"That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harassed
•.he yonng, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
ltters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical rept
lotion of every-thy life.

IV.
THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
Sunno2 : -Life's pilgrimage, from Infancy to old age. The advent
3ttbe passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphio, narrative,
and remediative. Advocacy of ear
V.
marriages.
THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
PstoonammE:—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
ligion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
tigure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Oases, gm.
By It. T. CI7LVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
wattics. Reception hours daily till Os. Znigno, till al"'
10 Argyll-plam Esientitzset,

AL

Shrove Tuesday....
Ash Wednesday
Easter Sunday....
Low Sunday

January...

February.

March..."

April ..... .

May..... .

June......

2
91
16 1
23 2

.3 14'
10 21
17 28

3 4
l 0 11
17 18,

2
9
16 1
23
30

31 4

July

'August ...

Septemberl

7 L 8

October

5 6
L 2,1.31

6
20
27

11,1
211
28

November

125'27
2 3
9 10
16 17
23,24

December

I 5
112
!19i
;261

19201,
26'2T

2 3
9'lo

23:24

4'
11
18
,25!

41
1.11
181
251

7
14
21
2S

1014 11
17118 i
24!25.
31) I

E JOURNAL OF INDUSTRY,
11 BANKING REVIEWER, and CURRENCY REFORMER.
Edited by JONATHAN DUNCAN,
The SIXTH NUMBER of this Periodical will be published
TO.MORROW, Saturday, January 4, 1851.
CONTENTS :
Railways in Brl'ish
California Surpassed:
Commercial Cre,lit anti Bankrupt and Insolvent Laws.
A Quistion for Farmers.
The Banking System of Scotland. No.
Taxes on Pa,,cr.
Public Gmnari s. '
London : Imblis!led by IVickbam and Yelland, 163, Strand ; and
may be obtained through all New-agent, in sown and country.

Just published, In Bvo , clith lettered, price 35., •
NERVOLTS AFFECTIONS; being a few Ob•
servatlons on Nervous Disorders, the result of extensive ex-
perience In the treatment of these diseases; with some ttemarks on
the use and abuse of Hydrop.tthy. Its RICtiARD DAWSON,
M.D., Extra Licentiate of the loyal College of Phpiclans, London,
Member of the Itoyal College of Surgeons of England.
London: Hugh Hughes and Co., 15, St. Martin's-'e-Grand.

FAMILIAR THINGS; a Cyclopedia of Enter-
taining Knowledge. Illustrated with Five Wood Engravings.
Number 1., price Twopenc., contains :
A ROOK, its Origin and History, Printing, Type, Parr, Bookblind-
lug. &c. ; with a concise Account of all the Pr cesses through which
it passes before it assumes the shape in which we have it.
A NEEDLE, its History and Manufacture, with Anecdotes of Ta-
pestry and Berlin-wool Workers.
OUR CUP OF TEA. Part I. Tea, its Origin, HiAt Iry, Chemistry,
Commercial Value and Social Influence on the Inhabitants of this
Country.
London : Arthur Hall, Virtue, and Co., 25, Paternoster-row, and
all Booksellers and Newsmen.

r.....A.21.r,r,3 MN .13-/ Li V J.... 4.3 ~....A.,..-.-' ... -•- --- -- -
•.r Aft LAURENT'S GRAND CASINO,
I .„ Penna.- Licensed by Act of Parliament.
1.. knnual Policy Bonus in 'sent Re-
kge.' gt. Pre- taken addition &nu n duction of ARGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL-.
= ,7; miunt. out in to Sum Cash. Annual STREET, ST. JAMES'S.
77 Assured. Premium. (Sole Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.)
--, - OPEN EVERY EVENING.
.E a. d. £s d. £s. d. Inimitable success and unrivalled performance of M. Boulconrt,
1837 I 292 6 9 139 16 9 22 13 1 from Paris on the Cornet-a-Pistons, who will play a varied Solo
1
1838 267 II 4 126 17 2 19 19 7 every Evening at Half-past Ten o'clock, aiied by LAURENT'S
1839 241 18 6 113 17 7 17 8 8 INEMIT ABLE BAND. A different Selection of Music, and a Fan-
:E £ s.d. I 1840 193 12 6 93 16 8 14 010 tasia each Evening.
60 1000 74 344 1841 189 12 6
1. 89 5 10
13 8 11 N.B. The Programme of the Dances as usual.
1842 162 16 8 76 18 4
11 8 3 Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock—Dancing to commence at
1843 115 10 10 55 10 10
il 110 Nine and terminate at Half-past Eleven o'clock precisely.
1844 77 19 2 38 15 10 59 11 Admission, One Shilling.
' 1845 66 15 0 44 10 0 4 10 1
_ 0-N.-DAT:rim es.I.IINT DP. DA N SE.

GRAND SALON DE D ANSE,
ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY, STRAND.
OPEN FOR THE SEASON.
Lessee—Mr. Thomas Bartlett Simpson, Albion Tavern, Great
Russell-street, Covent-garden
GRAND SOIREES MUSICALES AND BA L PARE D'HIVER.
Mr. SIMPSON, anxious to have the best Band in London, has re-
tained the valuable talent of the leading Artists engaged during the
oast season at Cremorne Gardens,.including the most eminent
Performers fl•om her Majesty's Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera,
and the Philharmonic Concerts.
BORINTS BAND.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT.
2omprising Selections from the most celebrated Composers, and
Solos by first-rate Artists.
Overture, "La Gazza Ladra," . • .. Rossini.
American Melody, " The Yager Basha Belle," Mr. J.
W. Sharp.
Scotch Ballad, " What's a' the steer, kimmer," Miss
G. Hodson
" Laura Bell" PolkaVbird Week) • • .. Borini.
Comic Duett, " Lovtis' Tiffs," Miss G. Hodson and
Mr J. W. Sharp .. • Labern.
Comic Song, " Sam Slick," Mr. J. W. Sharp • • . • Labern.
Waltz, " Sorgenbrecher" .. • • . •• .. J. Strauss.
REPERTOIRE OF MUSIQUE DE DANSE,
THIS EVENING, Jan. 3.
I. Polka .. Charlotten .. ~ • . Labitzky
2. Q iadrille• • Val d'Andorro (let set).. Musard
3. Waltz • • Hommage a Strauss • • .. Borini
4. Polka .. Alice •• .. J. Strauss
5. Quadrille.. All Nations .. Borini
6. Schottische The Gem ........Seabrook
7. Polka .. Laura Bell • • .. Borini
8. Quadrille • • be Rol d' Yvetot • • • • .. Bosisio
9. Waltz . • Souvenir du Rhin .. .. J. Strauss
[O. Polka Souvenir de l'ilyppodroine 2'essy
11. Quadrille.. La Guerre des Femmes .. Bosisio
12. Galop D' In dustrie • • Borini
To the votaries of Terpsichore remarks on the excellence of
Borini's Band, after the experience of its Orchestral Triumphs at
Cremorne, would be superfluous.
Solos and Concerted Pieces will be performed during tha evening.
Borini's Latest Compositions—The Adelaide Polka, Waltzes to
various popular Irish Melodies. Galop ("Industrie, New Quadrille of
all Nations, and Laura Bell Polka.
The Grand Salon, Refreshment, and Ante-rooms have undergone
considerable alterations and improvements.
Doors open at Halt-past Seven o'clock. Admission One Shilling.

C IIHE SUCCESS which for TWENTY YEARS
J.. has characterised the Establishments of
11 Y A M A N D
London . • • •
London .... • • ...... 36, Gracechnrch-street,
(tarries with it m..re weight than any amount of worth could pos-
sibly do ; whilst the Metropolis his nobly led the van in supporting
them, Manchester, Liverpool, Birminghim, Leeds, Hull, Glasgow,
Dublin, l-rlstol, and Exeter, have all availed themselves of the
numerous advantages which lIYAM and CO. hold cut. They
claim the position no t only of being the first Taiiors in London, but
the most extensive Clothiers in the world ! Whilst they acknow-
ledge the abundance of communication they are daily receiving from
all pa-ts expressive of satisfaction at their Articles of Dr, S 9. and
confidence in th it straightforward system of business, they direct
attention to their array of
CII RISTM AS ATTIRE,
certainly the Largest, Cheapest, and Best selected Stock in the
Universe.
OVER-COATS, for walkinz, as well as those particularly adapted
for travelling, may be had at a minute's notice, in every shape and
every kind of material.
DRESS and SURTOUT COATS combining all that is original in
style and pre eminent in workmanship.
TROWSEIti—The stock comprises the most Fashionable Novel-
ties in treble, double, and single milled Doeskins, Angolas, Tweeds,
Cassimeres, &c., Sec.
WAISTCOATS of Velvets, Satins, Silks, Embroidered Cloths, and
Quiltings.
i IDING, WALKING, and BUSINESS JACKETS possess im-
portant requisites for sportin4 and ordinary walking purposes.
LITTLE BOYS' and YOUTHS' CLOTHING.—These depart-
ments have the constant and best attention of the proprietors.
Every means possible is used to secure to the purchaser durability,
good style, and the most moderate price. Hussar and Tunic Suits.
Vests and Trousers in great variety. School Coats. Over Coats in
every material and every new style.
Servants' Liveries, Stable Dresses, Driving Coats, Pages' Suits,
Waiting Jackets ,&,., may be obtained at a moment's notice.

COUGHS, ASTHMA, AND INCIPIENT CONSUMPTION are
Effectually Cured by
KEA.TING'S COUGH LOZENGES.—
TESTIMONIAL OF MERIT.
C.my of a letter from Colonel hawker (the well•known Author on
"Guns and ShoAing,") Long,parish-honse, near Whitchurch, Hants,
October 21, 1846 :—" Sir, —I cannot resist informing you of the ex-
traordinary effect that I have experienced by taking only a few of
your Lozenge:, I had a cough for several weeks, that defied all that
was prescribed for me ; and yet I got completely rid of it by taking
about half a small box of your Lozenges, which I dud are the only
ones that relieve the cough without deranging the stomach or diges-
tive organs. To Mr. Keating, 79, St. Paul's Churchyard. I am,
Sir, your hul,ble servant, " P. HAWKER."
Prepared and sold in Boxes, Is. 114 d., and Tins, 2s. 9d., 4s. Gd.,
and 10:. Gd. each, by THOMAS KEATING, Chemist, &c., No. 79,
St. Paul's Church. yard, London.
Sold by all Druggists and Patent Medicine Vendors in the
Kingdom.

May 29
June 8

Iv. 30

51
1121
119

17
14,
1,21

6
13
20
27

4
11
18
'25

Is
'l5
22
29

6
13
20
.27

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, JAN. 2.
STocx EXORANGE.—The share market continues in the
same state. Bristol and Exeter closed at 77—South.Eastern
and Dover, 2276.

LIVERPOOL. JAIL 2.
STocK EXCIIAWGE.—The market has been dull to-day,
and a very limited business was transacted. Compared with
Tuesday's prices, quotations are, however, about the same.
The transactions were as follow:—Caledonian, 1014—East
Lancashire, 1214—Great Western, 786—Lancashire' and
Yorkshire, Consolidated, 57 Ditto, Fifths, 7m dis.—
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire,.22l. Shares, 2% dis.—
Eastern Counties, 6 c.—Lancaster and Preston. 28 p.—
London and North-Western, 12334—Ditto, New Quarters,
37 p.—Ditto, Fifths, 46 p.—Midland, 471,4—Ditto,
Halves, 191 A dis.—North Union (A), guaranteed by London
and North-Western and Lancashire and Yorkshire, 244
South-Eastern and Dover, 2 OA York, Newcastle, and
Berwick Preference, unpaid up. 3 dis.—Dutch Rhenish,
dis.—Shrewsbury and Chester, New Shares,
MANCHESTER, JAN. 2,
STOCK EXCITANGE.—The share market was dull to-day,
but there is no change in prices. The transactions were as
follow Caledonian, 10;44—Chester and Holyhead, Prefer-
ence, guaranteed 5% per cent., 14 3-16—East Lancashire,
121X3—Great Northern, 17 13-16—Lancashire and York-
shire, 57%—Ditto Fifths, Vei dis.—London and North-
Western, 12414—Ditto, New Quarters, p.—Ditto, Man-
chester and Birmingham, Quarters (C), 244 p.—Man-
cheater, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 26%—Ditto, 101. Pre-
ference, 10 5-16 - Ditto, New 61. Preference, Bs. 6d. p.—

North British, 9144—North Staffordshire, 51,4 dis.—South-
Eastern and Dover, 2314.
YORK, JAN. 1.
STOCK EXCHANGZ.—The transactions to-day were as
follow : —Great Northern, 171,4—York, Newcastle, and Ber-
wick (G. N. E, Purchase), 6—York and North Midland, 225,E

REPEAL OF THE DUTY ON PAPER.

MEETING AT lIIE LONDON TAVERN.

Last night a numeron at.ended meeting was 1141
et the London Tavern, for the purpose of a lolling mea-
sires to obtain the n of the tux uu mer, Mr.
Cowan, M.l'., in the chair.
The CibsiumAN said that it was vri!li some little re-
luctance he consented to preaide at hat inee,ieg, because
it might naturally be suppceei that a person eho had a
pecuniary interest, or who was supposed to [aye welt an
interest, had a private interest in the repeal of the tax
on paper. There were those, hoeever, who thought that
they had an interest in the inainteuance of the tax, and
that it would be injurious to them to have it removed.--
(\o, no.) That was their opinion, not hia. But the pe-
cuniary consideration was not the only point involved.
He himself wished to be freed from the restrictions im-
posed on the paper manufacturer:, but if the nude was a
monopoly, the sooner it was got rid of the better for
the country ut large.—(Elear, hear.) lie would leave
it to others to address them on the injury which the tax
did to literature, and would confine himself to givinz
few illustrations of the enormous amount of most useless
labour which the manufacturers of paper wore called
on to perform, and the superfl ions waste of time to
which they were subject from the detention of the
manufactured article in the mill. At the beginning of
the century there were twenty-seven excisoable articles,
of which there remained but six or seven at the present
time. Of these there was but ono article which bore on
Melees of , it prima facie evidence of the duty having
been charged by means of the label fastened on it. That
article was paper. The absence of this label subjected
the manufacturer to a tax of 101; it used to be tool.
There was but one article subject to detention for a sin-
gle moment after the duty had been charged. That ar-
ticle was paper. Yet one would think that it should be
the other way, in consequence of paper bearing the label
on the face of it. But the contrary was the fact, for the
Excise obliged the manufacturer to keep his paper 24
hours before he could send it out; and this time was
calculated from the period when the officer visited his
work. The process of charging the paper was also a
peculiar one, for the paper label which was pasted on
must be dry before the duty was charged. When this
had to be done with regard to every description cl paper
and on every ream ; and when, moreover, it had to
be weighed and wrapped up by the officer it imposed
an amount of labour and consumed a quan-
tity of time, which was very singular in this
so-called free trade country. If so mach time
was uselessly expended in the manufacture of any other
articles—such as gloves, for instance—it would not be
allowed to continue a week, far the voice of the country
would be instantly raised against it.—(near, hear.) It
was because the paper manufacturers were a small body
scattered over the country, and were not concentrated
in a particular locality like the manufacturers cf. Bir-
mingham and Sheffield, that these unfair restrictions
were allowed to continue.—(Hear, hear.) He wished
to exhibit to them a specimen of paper which had :been
manufactured some time ago iu the county of Gloucester.
rho cost of the raw article was 2s. a cwt., or 21. a
.ton.

must be given to the evils resulting to society from the
tax, to aisist us in Parliament in demanding the repeal.
" I rennin your obedient servant,
JOSEPH HUME.
" George Huggett, Secretary, &c."
Mr. J. CA SiELI, moved the first resolution, as f
:—" That in the opinion of this meeting the duty
On paper is empliatieJ!y tc ti.x upon shrill end industry,
as it inert most the cost of an article of general con-
sump. i it, and limits the fiel I of protitictior, thus inter-
fering with the employment of the capital arel la`mur
en,i-,;?e I in a great variety of trues and occupation',
and t.ff. o.iiig less directly but ino:t injuriously the it.-
terests of the public at larks; and th et in its effects
it is vexatious and unequal, necessarily creating
delays and difficulties in the way, both of the manufac-
turer an] the consumer." The object they had in vi.2w
ea; identified, not only with the commercial u•rosi,erity
of the country, hut with its moral and intellectual we:-
fsre, and as such was deserving of the cu-ape ration of
all who were interested in the national weal.—(llear,
heir.) It was a question, aho, in which the labour of
the people was involved, as it threw thousands out of em-
ployment, who but for this tax would be occupied. In
these opinions he fully concurred, but he supported the
movement, on the ground also that it would be in ac-
cordance with sound policy to effect the removal of this
tax. If paper was dug in reams out of a quarry, this
tax would be unjust, considering the purposes to which
it was applied.—(Hear, hear.) When they recollected
that the beautiful fabric on which they entered their
correspondence, and upon which the volumes and the
newspapers they read were printed, was made from a
materiel which was valueless in itself, being, in fact,
the very refuse of their workshops; and that it was by
labour alone that it acquired its value, it could not
be denied that this tax was unjust and illegiti-
mate, and he dig not know how a Government pro-
fessing to be the disciples cf economic science, and
really desiring to free labour from the trammels by
which it was beset, could support the continuance of
such a tax.—(Hear, hear.) If the British public only
understood the question in its commercial bearings, in-
dependent of its effect upon knowledge, he did not be-
lieve they would endure the continuance of the tax for
another day. It was not the individual engaged in the
manufacture of the article who alone suffered; every
branch of industry in which paper was employed was
affected likewise.—(Hear, hear.) It entered most ex-
tensively into other branches of trade, even to the manu-
facture of button moulds and hooks and eyes. He had
seen an extract in a Birmingham paper in which it was
stated that 30,0001. had been paid in duty in manufac-
turing what cost only 9,6001., and that one merchant
alone paid 6001. for the paper in which the goods which
he sent out to America were wrapped up.—(Loud
cheers.) He believed that if the tax were taken off
the consumption of paper would be doubled, and he be-
lieved there were not less than 160,000 persons engaged
in its manufacture. See how unjustly this tax affected
the publisher. He used a certain quantity of psfew,
but suppose only half the impression was disposed of he
got no drawback on the half that remained unsold.—
(Hear.) He was in the habit of publishing a great
many almanacs, and to a very great extent; but, sup•
pose that some thousands of them remained unsold he
got no consideration whatever. Tho tax to the manu-
facturer was lid. per lb., and 5 per cent. added; but the
tax to the public was higher, because it was a tax upon
a tax. Mr. Cassell then referred to the amount of ca-
pital employed in the manufacture of paper by the
makers of tha article, after whom came the wholesale
stationer, who required a large amount of capital to put
him in a position to transact his business with the manu-
facturers, and thus, in the aggregate, a great amount of
capital was invested in this department of our manu-
factures, Those engaged in it must have not only a pro-
fit upon the material they used, but upon the amount of
tax they paid. The wholesale stationers had often bad
debts upon their books, and half of those debts they
had paid to the Government in taxation, for the Go-
veremant had no bad debts, and no risks; they took
good care of that, and consequently the public
must bear them.—(Hear.) Therefore, as far as
regarded the public it was not merely a tax of
20 per cent. upon paper, but a tax upon all concerned
with it. He devoted himself to this cause because he
looked upon paper as the means of communicating
knowledge to the people. On that ground he took his
stand, and he should rejoice if the movement was suc
cessful in knocking off ono of the trammels which en-
thralled the press, and be hoped the day was not far
off when the press of England would be entirely free.—
(Hear, hear.) It had been said that the working classes
were not interested in the repeal of the tax, and that the
repeal would not affect them much; but he contended
that the working classes felt very much the oppressive
bearing of this and the other taxes upon knowletl&e.—
(Hear, hear.) It' it were not for this tax, the people of
England would be supplied with the higher class of
therature, at prices wi,hin their means of buying. For
himself he was only an amateur printer, knoaing little
of details, but using the printing preset as the means of
diffusing information throughout the kingdom. It.,
felt that this tax crippled his effbrts in this respect.
lie was publishing a history of England f ir the
working classes, which was brought out in sixpenny
volumes ; and when the work was completed
the tax paid to the Government would not be less than
9001. If the tax were repealed it would enable the
publishers of cheap literature to employ and pay the
first authors of the day, and to i sue their publications
in a neat and harelsonae garb that would adorn the
she lies of the wet-long classe s. lie could tell them that

It was made, in fact, from wheat straw, a fact for which
he could vouch. But hear it—all agricultural Protec
tionists and squires—the duty was 14s. 9d. on an ar-
ticle which cost in its raw state but 2s.—([lsar, hear.)
The article which he had shown them was deemed paper
by the Excise because water was mixed up in its prepa-
ration. It was reduced in bulk, and became paper or
miliboard. Here' was another article, which was riot
called paper, because it was manufactured in a dry state;
,t was not formed into a state of pulp, and, consequently,
it superseded the enormously-taxed article, which was
formed with water. The duty was 700 or 800 per cent.
on the original value of the article. The duty on cotton
wool was repealed by Sir Robert Peel in conse-
quence of the strong representations made by the
manufacturers of England, _ although the duty was
only five-sixteenths of a ld. per lb.; he did not object to
that, because he thought the tax was unjust. But the
raw materials of their London journals came from the
sweepings of the mills, acd to load it with a tax of
per lb., together with the restrictions he before alluded
to, was a stigma on a country that prided itself on its
freedom.—(Hear.) One of the worst features of the tax
was that it was a tax on labour.—(Hear.) They were
in the habit of ridiculing the Chinese because they were
in the habit of confining the female foot within the
smallest limits. But did not they follow a somewhat
similar course in this matter when they c mfintd the la-
beur of that class within the smallest possible b .und • ?
He had been told that 30,000 females found snip[ yinent
in Paris in the manufacture of pap r sees, and that
when ladies made purchases their goods were not hand, d
to them in whity-brown 'Areas, but in t i•aefully made
paper boxes. These boxes carne into this country at an
ad valorem duty of 10 per cent., whilst there was a tax
of WU or 200/. per cent. on the raw material if mauu-
lectured at home.—(Hear.) He knew that pacer of
various descriptions came into British poi's, and was
sent into 13rit!sh colonies free fe m duty to the dts-
clte-sement of that which was manufactured in this coun
try, and carrying those beautiful excise hieroglyphics
which in ale them pass off as a real British erticle. He hid
said that 30,000 females found employment in Puri:, in the
manufactureof paper boxes; and in the present day, when
they read of such Pad and deplorable details of female
wretchedness in this country, owing to the want of em-
ployment, was it right or just to that suffering portion of
the community to discourage a branch of industry which
would give employment to females in the construction
of useful articles, but from which they were now de-
barred by this vile and monstrous law ?—(Hear, hear.)
Another class of sufferers from this law were the letter-
press printers. He knew that they suffered great pri-
vations at times both in Edinburgh and in London, and
that they bore their trials with unexampled petit nce.—
(Hear, hear.) But he hoped the day was nut far distant
when the press of this country would be made really
free, and liberated from those trammels which now con-
fined it.—(Cheers.) They had great encouragement.
Up to 1839 the Government had the monopoly of print-
ing the Holy Scriptures in Scotland. But after the
monopoly was abolished there was an enormous demand
for the Hely Scriptures, and they sold to three times the
extent they did previously.—(Hear, hear.) The mono-
poly still existed in England, and although they pro-
fessed to make it free from any tax, individuals were
enabled to acquire spacious demesnes, iu consequence of
the monopoly being kept up.—(hear, hear.) The time
for this movement was well chosen. A half century of
great change and extraordinary progress had just
closed, and he rejoiced that the commencement of the
present half century was marked by a movement for the
repeal of the taxes on knowledge.—(Hear, hear.) The
penny postage—a work which entitled Mr. Rowland
Hill to be considered one of the benefactors of the
world—(Loud cheers)—came into operation in the
last half century. The design of the beautiful
palace in Hyde-park had been conceived, and all honour
was due to the illustrious Prince who originated it.—
(" Hear, hear," " No, no," and hisses.) He did not
wish to excite discussion on that point. He would only
say that the continuance of the tax on paper was unjust,
and he rejoiced that it would be no longer necessary for
them to go to Prima Ministers or Chancellors of the
Exchequer, from whom they might get but a chilling
reception, but to the people.—(llear, hear.) He was
glad the venue was changed from Downing-street to the
House of Commons, and he hoped his Hun. Friend Mr.
Gibson would renew next session his motion for the
emancipation of the country from the trammels by which
it was so unjustly crippled.—(Cheers.)
The SECRETARY read the following letters from Mr.
Hume, M.P.:—
" Burnley Hall, Ncrfolk, Dec. 26, 1850.
" Sir,—l have this nay received your letter request-
ing that I will allow my name to be on the committee of
the Association for the Total Repeal of the Excise Duty
on Paper; and I request that you will assure the
committee that I concur entirely in the policy of
that repeal, and am ready to afford every assistance
in my power towards that most important object.
Before the receipt of your letter, I had written pri-
vately to Sir Charles Wood, calling his atter tiou to
the window tax and the tax on paper, as the two first
taxes that ought to be removed; but I have not had any
answer from him as yet. In addition to the reasons as-
signed in the resolutions of the 21st inst. for the repeal
of the paper tax, I have stated to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer the importance of the repeal to the cause of
education and national instruction, towards which the
total repeal of excise laws on paper would be most im-
portant. 'Whilst the general desire of the well-informed
persons in the country is now directed to remove igno-
, ranee, to lessen crime, and to raise the moral and social

condition of the masses of the people, by education; and
whilst the Parliament is voting annually 300,000/. from
the taxes towards the education and improvement of the

there was Dearly 3002 of tax stion upon every impression
of the U'orhing Man's Friend. It had been alleged that
if the tax were taken off the country would be flooded
with the vilest publications; but his opinion was pre-
cisely the reverse, fur he believed if the tax were taken
off that the people of England would not be limbo( zled
with cant and balderdash; they would demand good
and sound literature—Clear, hear)—and if it were
given to them they would understand it. As it was
they would prefer the translation of French literature to
our 'own bad and trashy writing. In his own case he
had given in the [forking Man's Friend an opportunity
to the working classes to write in that periodical for
themselves, and the result had been that 596 articles had
been furnished by the working men of England in the
course of ten months.—(Hear, hear.) He had not hen
able to insert the whole of those articles, but he had
printed and published 130 of them, all of which
had been contributed by blacksmiths, colliers,
and almost all sorts of working men. To
those men ho had awarded prizes and 130
books in payment of their writing, and 130 volumes
had been given away. In no case had he been called
upon in the distribution for a low class of literature, but
on the contrary for the very highest that could be com-
manded. It was evident, therefore, that if the working
classes possessed a cheap and healthy literature they
would buy their magezine or newspaper to read at home
instead of going into all sorts of places to spend their
money. He could not but feel anxious for this move-
ment, and could not see why it should not be successful;
for how c ,uld a Government resist such an appeal? The
Government had taken off the duty on various manfac-
tures—for instance, from leather, glass, and bricks, and
from foreign wood to be made into furniture—and had
even taken off the duty of 5 -16ths of ld. upon raw cotton.
Therefore, looking to these circumstances, and to the
purposes to which paper was applied, he thought the
Government could not resist this appeal. In 1834 the
amouet of paper paying duty was 70,589,0001 b., and in
1316, after the duty had been reduced, the quantity upon

people, it is an error and inconsistency, quite unpardon-
able, to retain upon paper the heavy tax now levied, and
thus to counteract' the very object which the wisest
policy of Parliament has declared it necessary for the
public welfare, &c., to be followed. That reason alone
ought to induce the House of Commons to repeal the tax
upun paper; but, when all the other reason.; stated in
your resolutions, Red also in a pamphlet this d.ay pub-
lished by Charles Knight, entitled the else of the
Authors as regards the Paper Dtry,' are liniught for-
ward, I am sanguine of success. If the committee shall
be of opinion that my name as a committeeman would
be useful to forward the object, I very willingly agree to
their request; but as I cannot attend to the prociedings
of the committee, I do not wish to incur any responsi-
bility as to expenses. I shall not be in Landon till the
first week in February, but, when in London, sh ill cor-
dially co-operate with the committee for the total repeal.
" I remain, your obedient servls,
" JOSEPH HUME
" Mr. George Hug,,gett, Secretary, &c."
" Burnley Hall, Norfolk, DEC. 28, 1850.
" Sir,—l request you will state my regret that en-
gsgements preclude my being in London to attend the
meeting on Thursday next, but thatl entirely concur in
the propriety, the
policy, and justice of removing the
excise duty from paper, and giving that branch of ma-
nufacture, and all the others that are effected by the tax,
the chance of fair competition with the world. The en-
tire repeal must be obtained; and the necessary publicity

... .
which duty was paid was 127 millions, so that the con-
sumption had increased upwards of 80 per cent. If the
duty were totally repealed the consumption would be
doubled only in the way of education. He appealed to
all who were interested in the moral elevation of the

people to unite in the object of that meeting. The Go-
vernment might wish to retain this and all other taxes
impeding education, but if they resisted this appeal
they would stand forward convicted of hypocrisy. They
voted 100,0001. for education, but they took 300,000/.
from that which should communicate education to
the people. lie appealed to the mechanibs' institutes
to support this movement, and looked even to the mi-
nisters of the gospel fur sanction and co-operation. He
should do all in his power to help the movement, not
only as one pledged to free trade, but as ono who wished
to see the elevation of that class from which he himself

had sprang.—(Cheers.)
Mr. PETER BORTHWICK seconded the resolution. In
this time of largely diffused knowledge, and consequently
of widely differing opinions, there were points in the
wide field of political science upon which the two opi-
nions could not exist. The question they had met to
consider seemed to him to be one of those points.--
(Hear, hear.) The object was to decide whether an BP-
peal should be made to her Majesty's Government_inotebe
ensuing session, as their first duty to the working 1
"whe:
to the commerce and manufactures of this countrpad
in.
te
ther they meant to pay the debt of honour they n
tutted when Sir H. Parnell's Committee reported. That
Committee sat for the purpose of inquiring from which
of all the excise duties the people had the most urgent
t e rst was glass,
claim upon the Government for relief?
‘.That Commit-
tee reported three of those dutirsd— n
(Hear,
that
theythere was nothing like
hear.) The Government day, like certain
the second leather, and tbeoftbir
thatwas PaPlike
began with blather.
wleiastehepre,rsoatoisd, thought
accordingly
not
alclaandv;mryngootdhebegarnon,ionrgn.
The
alter Inetit b,ca,use
Govern-
ment next repealed the duty on glass, and all would rt.-
thatiie dilla w s
member the eloquent speech of the late Sir It. Peel on
that cceesion; and the Premier had referred to the
Crystal Palace nowerected Hyde-park—(Some expres-
tious of dissent)—upon which there appeared to be some
difference of opinion in the meeting—(Hear, hear)—but
here was.certainly a " great fact," that a glorious build-
ing had been mat/,e of
glass, and assuming the object of
that building to be approved or, he appealed to them
whether when the duty was on they could have a palaca
erected of glass? It would have been impossible unless
that duty had been rope aled.—(Eiear, hear.) From this
might be seen what advantage arose from the repeal,
which had enabled a large mass of labour to be employed
upon an object which a former age had not foreseen.
But all the arguments applicable in favour of the repeal
of the duties on leather and glass applied with tenfold
force to the case of paper. No wonder the Govern-
ment had begun at the wrong end in the repeal of those
taxes, for that was always the way with Governments.
They were tolerably sure to begin at the wrong end, and
so they had in the oases of leather,:glass, and paper. But