The Sun.
London, England, 1834-06-26 00:00:00

SHIPPING. INTELLIGENCE.

SHIPS ENTERED INWARDS AT THE CUSTOMHOUSE,
LONDON ; JANE 25.
Humility, Fenon, Guernsey, Regent's Canal, Gilson;
Cater, Scoley, Dunkirk, Cox's7quay, Sims ; Eclipse,
Fisher, Ostend, Cherry-gardens, Cooper ; Pnma,-
Gilmeur, Guernsey, Regent's Canal, Gilson ; Maria
Dorothea, Barnholdt, Skeen, Limehouse, Windle ;
Venus, Barntold, Bougiel, ditto, ditto ; Fortunia,
Sterry, Rotterdam, Iron-gate, De Bic ; Gute Hoff-
ming, Elltsz, Colingigl, Limehouse, Lowndes; Foun-
tain, Armesby, Guernsey, Regent's Canal, Gilson ;
Der- Wohlfehrt, Myer, Bougiel, Limehouse, Lowndes;
Plover, Furst, -, Deptford, Northcote ; Charlotta
Maria, Furst, Rio, West India Dock, Kernble.; Ein-
tracht, Farek, Freyburg, Limehouse, Tanner ; Jonge
Sion,. Vender Meulen, Worcum, Eel-chain, Schenk ;
Harp, Newland, ditto, ditto, ditto ; Commerce, Dung,
Brussels, Cherry-gardens, ditto ; 'row Hendrick,
De Jonge, Amsterdam, Limebouse, ditto ; Amiable
Fiera, Ville, Ilarfleur, Brewer's-quay ; Omula, Lock,
Bjornburg, Limehouse, Volley ; King George, Fox,
Ostend, Customhouse, Cooper; Mary Ann, Horn-
hloW, Madras and Cape of Good Hope, St. Katha-
rine's Dock, React; Haliburton, Shuttlewortb, Madras
and Calcutta, ditto, Tomlin ; Flora, Paulsen, Tonden,
Limehouse, Windle ; Frau Henrica, Thogson, ditto,
ditto, ditto ; Algenna, Dix, Rotterdam, Alderman's-
tier, Norman ; Warrior, Goldsmith, Hobart Town, St.
Kitherine's Dock, Hall ; Frau pitta, Muntz, Tondel,
Limehouse, Windle ; Pearl,' Holhund, Odessa, Lon-
don Dock, Longridge.
1 SHIPS ENTERED OUTWARDS, JUNE 25.

Ann, Inglis, Elaineur and Riga, 120 tons ; Ann,
Chapman, ditto and Petersburgli, 118 ; Providentia,
Nichol, Newfoundland, 98 ; Viscount Down, Hart,
Hambro, 230 Hashamy, Fenn, Calcutta, 522 ; Wa-
terloo, Stranack, Dunkirk, 127.
SHIPS CLEARED OUTWARD IN CARGO, JUNE 25.
Lady" Emma, Vidlex, St. Michael's ; Hero, Hunter,
Bilboa ; Python, Bunneneyer, Antwerp; Henry and
Caroline, Coats, Hamburg ; Waterloo Stranack,
• ,
Dunkirk.

SHIPS CLEARED OUTWARD IN BALLAST, JUNE 25,
---- - - -

Martha, Olsen, Norway, 297 ; 'Crown Prince Fre-
derick, Schul, ditto, 389.

EAST INDIA SHIPPING.

The Alexander, - from -Bengal, has arrived off the Isle of
Wight, sailed the sth of February, Madras the 26th, Cape
the 26th of April, St. Helena the Bth of May.
The Royal Admiral, from New South Wales, has ar-
rived off the Isle of Wight, sailed the '2Bth of January, St.
Helena the 21st of April.
The Esther, from New South Wales, off Plymouth,
sailed the 20th of February.
The- Sir" John Rae Reid, from Van Dieman's Land, has
arrived off the Isle of Wight, sailed the 15th of February.
'The Surrey, from Van Dieman's Land, has arrived off
Dover, sailed -.

The Kerswell, from the Cape, has arrived off Plymouth,
sailed the 10th of April, St. Helena the 24th.
The Emperor Alexander, from .Batavia, has arrived at
Cowes.

The Neerland Koning and Ida Olida, from Batavia, have
arrived off Brighton.
The Frederick VI., from China, has arrived off
sailed the 20th of January.
ArriVals at St. Helena.--The Universe, from Singapore,
the sth of May, and sailed the 6th for London ; the
Princess Marianne, from Batavia, the sth, and sailed the
Bth for Rotterdam ; the Dunmore, from the Mauritius
(passed), on the. 6th ; the Bencoolen, from Manilla, the
6th, and sailed the Bth for Liverpool ; the Griffin, from the
South Seas, the 6th ; the Symmetry. from Ceylon and the
Cape, the 7th, and sailed the Bth'for London ; the Town
of Ross, from theMaurititts, the 7th, and sailed the Bth for
London. .

Arrivals 'at Sydney.—The Leda, from the Cape, the 6th
of February ; the Bolina, from London, the Bth ; the
Fairlie, from London, the 15th ; the Martha, from Lon-
don, the sth; the Fame, from the Cape.
Departures from Sidney.—The' Alexander, for Manilla,
the 6th of February- ; the Dart; foillithuritius; the 14th.
Arrival at Latince3fon.—TlieNdival, frOm Lendon.

Departure from Launceston:—The .SOuthworth, for the
Mauritiui, the 10th of February.
Arrival's", at the Cape:—The Symmetry, from Ceylon,
and Lady Nugent, from Bombay.

on
'theWtiP learn
isb that
etwee a
between Baroness
Biltanettuimown_tal alliance
eutnan( (late e
Miss
Wykeham) . and LOrd Adolphus F:itzelarenee.—
Brighton Guardian. '
TottV INVASION OF IRELAND I. !—Letters
reached town on Saturday, announcing that Lords
Winchilsea, Roden Wicklow, Wharncliffe, and other
Tory Peers, have determinedi to 'visit" this cotintry, for
the:purpike of entering. upon a eruSatkin support of
the church establishment: The Rev. 'il" Boyton
and the editor of the Evening ilfaintre,titiiii said, at
preSent in London; actually engaged in arrangements
to give due effeet. to the campaiga: , The head-
quarters of the invading army are, in the first instance,
to be Hied in Dublin, and operations are to commence
by a gathering of as many of the 6i-Preteitants of Ire-
land" as can be collected at the Rotunda, on the grand
Orange anniversary of the 12th of July. • We shall
have rare sport at this exhibition, particularly if the
noble Tories whOse names we have enumerated should
venture amongst us.—Dulilin :Illorning Register. '
CONSTANTINOPLE, MAY 28.—The Porte
has been inrormed that the Erigliih squadron assem-
bled at Malta his quitted that station, or is about to
do sO, in order to cruise between Napoli and Samos,
and that the English Admiral has received instruc-
tions which would not be Very strong proofs of the
friendly disposition of the English 'Cabaret towards
the Porte. InfOrmatioa has likewise been received,
that very, active armaments are making in the harbour
of TOalon, and that a considerable number of French
men- o?-war will shortly reinforce the Engligh squadron
in the Mediterranean. It is by no means , apparent
a:d
what can be meant by such isplay of fOrce in a time
of the most profOund peace. , Last week there were
two grand meetings of the Divan, each of which lasted
six hours. No part of the deliberations have tran-
spired, but they were followed by the despatehing of
many -Tartars into the interior *of the empire. Several
officers" set out for the Dardanelles, and an express was
sent tg Odessa,. probably with despatches , for the
Rassran Government. or to carry information to the
Rrislian Governor-Gener.ah Zeitt!ng,
June 18.

SHIPPING INTELI:I'GENCE. (THIS DAY.

• I'ILO NI I LOFT'S.)
DEAL, JtNE :.'ii.—Wind S.W. to W. S. W. mode-
xlerate.—Arrived the Matilda, M'Kenzie, from Rio
.Janeiro ; Mary Stewart, Fraser, from Havannah ;
Osbert, Dalrymple, from Dominica ; Euphrates,
Theobald, from New Orleans ; and the Harriet,
Rains, and Indian, Grant, from the South Seas.
PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 25. —Wind W.---Arrived the
Braganza, Portuguese frigate, from Lisbon, with Ad-
miral Napier on board ; and the Duke of nuccleugh,
Henning, for Madras and Calcutta.
PLYMOUTH, JUNE •24.—Arrived from London, the
Elphinston, Dunett, for Madras.
FALMOUTH, JUNE 24.—Wind S.W. to S. S.W.
fresh breezes. —Passed by Staffa, Scales, from Cal-
cutta, sailed January 1, from Mauritius March 16, and
St. Helena April:2B, the Tyne, Brown, from Mauritius.
LIVERPOOL, JUNE 24. —Arrived the Blundell, Va-
lernio, and Scipio, Porter, from Pernambuco ; Laid-
mans, Hughes, from Jamaica ; Pearl, Stevenson, from
Nassau ; Unity, Jones, from Prince Edward's Island ;
Ellen, Nl‘Cay, from St. John's ; Mercury, Gilbert,
from Galipoli ; Julia, Mulenbrook, from Ostend ;
Newton, Bell, and Isabella, Starkey, from New York ;
Bellona, Hutchinson, and George Wilkinson, Walker,
from Charleston ; and the Mary Tucker, from New Or-
leans. Off port, the Barton, Armstrong, from Barba-
does; Trenter, Homan, from New Orleans; Nethsdale,
Grayson, and Margaret Johnston, Longfield, from
Mobile ; Reward, —, from Savannah ; and John
Ormerod, Chapman, from Oporto. Sailed the Fa-
tima, Feathers, for Calcutta ; and Gilmore, Lindsay,
for Bombay.
COWES, JUNE 25. Arrived the Orient, tiemble,
from New Orleans.

The Sophia Cecilia, Jepson, was on the Lee Bank,
at the mouth of Surinam river, en the 29th of April,
and would be obliged to discharge part of her cargo.
The Charlotte Langan, Simpson, from Liverpool
to Philadelphia, has been abandoned at sea, leaky.
The Sisters, from Liverpool, was lost on the coast
of Africa previous to the 10th of April.

COMPARATIVE MERITS or SPADE
AND PLOUGH HUSBANDRY.

(From. Arr. Mackie's Essay on the Management of
Landed Property in Ireland.)
My advice to small farmers would be, to rely
more on their own exertions, and, by beginning early
to their labour, insure their being able to get in their
crop without depending on that assistance which they
cannot be certain of being able to procure. In a
country like Ireland, where so great a proportion of
the poor man's labour consists in the cultivation of
his potatoe crop, nothing_ would more facilitate what
I have just recommended than the practice of putting
the manure into the ground according as it was made,
leaving for the spring only the labour of dropping in
tle seed at the back of the spade, which, besides making
-the manure go nearly one-third farther, possesses this
additional advantage, that it employs the poor man at
a season when it is most difficult to get employment
t.Mewhere ; and by getting the heavy part of the work
over, and leaving that only to be performed which a
boy or a girl can do, it insures the seed being put into
the ground before the season is too far advanced—a
most material advantage—for when the planting of
the potatoe is delayed to a late period, the plant has
not time to attain to maturity, but is killed by the
early frosts, in a growing state, which is sure to ren-
der it wet and unwholesome, and also to prevent its
keeping. In favour of this plan I might also urge,
that in the fall of the year there is a greater facility in
getting, horses to hire than in spring, and the assis-
tance of the plough and harrow might most advanta-
Geously be then called in, to prepare the ground and
lessen the amount of manual labour ; for although I
am decidedly against any small farmer keeping a
horse, unless lie has some other mode of employing
him than what a small farm will afford, I am perfectly
sensible of the full value of the plough and harrow,
and the expedition and comparative ease with
which the operations of agriculture can be carried
on by calling in their aid : the effectual destruc-
tion of weeds by means of the summer fallow—
the facility which it gives to the cultivation of drill
crops, &c., and I should fully sanction the small far-
mer in availing himself of such valuable assistance;
whenever it could be had in due season, provided he
had sufficient employment for himself otherwise ; as in
country situations there is often no demand for his ser-
vices, and in such a case, whatever can be done by ma-
nual labour he ought to do, and I fear that laziness is
the true cause why this is not more generally practised.
But although I am ready to admit that all that can
be said in favour of the plough and harrow, it must be
acknowledged that on a small scale everything they
can accomplish may also be attained without them by
manual labour and industry. If fallowing cleans the
land, by destroying the weeds as they vegetate upon the
surface, the spade destroys them in the operation of
trenching, by burrying them so deep that we cannot
vegetate at all ; the cost is not much more, even if the
farmer has to hire assistance, and the advantage in
all deep clay soils, by being turned up to the
frost in this way, is scarcely to be imagined.
In drill crops also, the spade, the hoe, and
the scuffle, can be used in wet seasons, when
the plough cannot, and a succession of drill crops may
be obtained by the use of the spade, such as would be
wholly impossible by the use of the plough, which all
gardening proves; and this is what cottage farming
ought to aspire to. I think it therefore quite clear,
that no farmer should keep a horse upon less, I should
say, than twenty-five acres, in which case he may get
some neighbour, similarly circumstanced, to join him
in doing their mutual work, and with what extra em-
ployment he may casually obtain, by that means find
constant work for him. It may, however, happen
that in many parts of Ireland where limestone and
'fuel have to be drawn from a distance, constant
work for a horse may be found upon a smaller
farm, and in such cases the keeping one will be
always advisable. It is not the keeping of the
horse when he is kept busy, but when he is kept
idle, that is to be objected to : where it could be
accomplished, I consider a landlord would serve
his tenantry much, by establishing a ploughman, well
appointed in plough and horses, and allot him a certain
district, of which he was to have the ploughing upon
fair terms, and let him make a regular trade of doing
the horse work of the rest of the tenants, and by that
means secure to them the advantage of getting their
horse work done in proper time, which will undoubt-
edly render the joint application of plough and spade
husbandry superior to either singly.
I am firmly persuaded, that the small farmer who
holds his own plough or digs his own ground, if hefol-
lows a proper rotation of crops, and feeds his cattle in
the house, can undersell the large farmer, or in other
words, can pay a rent which the other cannot afford ; and
in this lam confirmed by the opinion of many practical
men who have well considered the subject • and I think
it will not appear extraordinary that such should be the
vase to any one who reflects that the English farmer
of 700 or 800 acres is a kind of man approaching to
what is known by the name of a gentleman farmer in
this country. He must have his horse to ride, and
his gig, and perhaps an overseer to attend to his la-
bourers ; he certainly cannot superintend himself the
labour going on in a farm of eight hundred acres. Add
to this, he must appear himself, and have his family
also to appear, in a superior rank, and his farm must
not only enable him to pay his rent, and yield him the
support he requires, bnt it must also be chargeable
with the interest of the large capital which is neces-
sary to its cultivation ; besides all these drawbacks,
which the small farmer knows little about, there is the
great expense of carting out the manure from the
homestead to such a great distance, and again carting
home the crop. A single horse will consume the
produce of more land than would feed a small farmer
and his wife, and two children ; and, what is more
than all, the large fanner says to his labourers go to
your work, but when the small farmer has occasion
to hire them, he says come ; the intelligent reader
will, I dare say, understand the difference perfectly.
Now if it is really the case that the small farmer
has the advantage over the larger, it will be easily
accounting for what Mr. Poulett Scrope observes, in
his letter to the agriculturists of the west of England,
of the Irish farmers being able to undersell the Eng-
lish in their own markets, because the Irish farmers
are, generally speaking, small farmers, and the Eng-
lish are large farmers.
Mr. Scrope accounts for the fact which he asserts,
of the Irish being able to sell their grain at such low
prices, by stating that they are free from the burden
of poor rates, and the taxes which press on the Eng-
lish ; but he upsets his own argument by afterwards
saying that the Irish farmer is obliged to pay to his
landlord all that he saves from the overseer. Now if
the money goes out of the farmer's pocket, any one
may see that it must be matter of indifference whom he
pays it to; and if he must give it to the landlord, he
is not thereby at all better off than the English
farmer who gives it to the overseer. As to the

taxes, they come to a trifling charge per quarter on
the grain ; I will venture to say, not the filth part of
what the Irish grain is subject to before it reaches the
English market : say freight and charges of shipping
and unshipping, storing'and delivering, commission on
buying and commission on selling, or if the business is
done on account of the merchant, there must then be a
profit to the Irish merchant, and a profit to the English
'Merchant likewise, or the trade cannot be carried on.