The Sun.
London, England, 1851-05-14 00:00:00

ITALY.

The Cotituzionale, of Florence, states that on the
4th the inhabitants of Calci discovered with some as-
tonishment that a tree had been planted on the public
square, and surmounted by a red cap, with the motto,
Viva la Repubblica. The author of this democratic
demonstration was soon arrested, and turned out to be
a noted informer.

The Messaggero of Modena quotes a letter from
Rome, stating that the Papal Government intends
sending a Nuncio to kexico, where his HOLINESS has
not hitherto been permanently represented.
By a decree of the 28th ult. the King of NAPLES
has conferred the title cf Count of Alelazzo upon the
new-born prince, his scn, Don VINCENZO MARIA.
The rumour of the dtath of the King of NAPLES
has neither been confirried nor contradicted.

It is understood that the costume to be worn at the
Queen's State Ball on Friday, the 13th of June, will be
the full dress of the tiro. of the Restoration. It is not
to embrace the whole of the reign of King Charles 11.,
from the year 1660 to
,he death of that monarch in
1685, but is to be confinel to the periodimmediately suc-
ceeding the Restoration.
THE EXPOSITION.—^7HE GLASS ROOF.—It would
now appear that the ridge and furrow flat-roof, in the praise
of which so much has beer said, is not of such recent date
as imagined, the Messrs. Hartley and Co., of Sunderland
having erected several on he repeal of the glass-duties, and
one for the Horticultural -4,4-ciety in 1846; and they recom-
mended the Royal Commilioners at the first to adopt the
principle for the Crystal Pace. The Messrs. Hartley would
not however, have used sket-glass for the purpose, as the
high wages paid to Frenchmen, by whom sheet-glass is
blown, adds materially to is cost, but have substituted a
rough plate of the eighth .1' an inch thick—a patent of their
own, which is a good deal larger, and cheaper, and wholly
dispenses with the cumbetome arrangements of blinds and
shades, while the volume cf light is equally great, without
being too hot, or burning ;he plants, &c., beneath it.

STATE OF TRADE.,.MANCHESTER, MAY 13

The reports by the Americseteamer which reached the Mer-
sey yesterday, have further disturbed the cotton market in
Liverpool, making the totaldecline in cotton since Friday last
about %d. per pound. 2he receipts of cotton at the ports
had gone on increasing till the excess had reached 210,000
bales over this time last year; and the estimate of the crop
at 2,300,000 bales is now generally accepted. The reports of
the frosts and floods affecting the newly planted crops were
also found to have been exaggerated, and prices had declined
d. per pound at New Orleans and Mobile. The combined
effect of this news from America and of its action on the
Liverpool market to-day was very depressing; and the re-
ported failure of several speculators in cotton at Liverpool,
who appear to have anticipated a reaction in prices,
and have been unable to meet their " differences,"
tended to create a vague feeling of uneasiness, though
not in any way calculated to throw a doubt of un-
soundness on the trade of olr own district, which has
never been of a more boniiiide character than at the present
moment. The result has been, that spinners and producers
of cloth have had to give way fully to the extent of the
decline in cotton, though they have shown sufficient firm-
ness to prevent the sudden reduction taking the shape of
panic. No doubt there has been some irregularity of prices,
but, generally speaking, they feel the advantage of having
light stocks on hand, and refuse to make any uncalled-for
sacrifices. The business done, however, has been inconsi-
derable; and purchasers seem most rigidly to confine their
operations to the narrowest limit. The brief report of a
large house in the general trade at the close of the market
fully bears out this statement Our market to-day has
again been dull and depressed by the very unsatisfactory
state of the cotton market; transactions have been very
limited, and prices lower." The quotations show a decline
since last Tuesday in all counts of yarn up to 50's mule, and
of %d. per lh, on 60's, 70's, and 80's. The decline on water
twist is fully 14 d. per lb. on all numbers. The decline on
shirtings fully 3d. per piece, and from 21. to 3d. per piece
on printing cloths.
CONSERVATIVE CLUB.—At a very numerous meet-
ing of the Conservative Club, on Monday, two gentlemen,
one of them a distinguished member of the bar, were re-
quested, by an immense majority, tat en by ballot, to retire
from the club, on the purely political grounds that in the
estimation of the voters the gentlemen referred to had ceased
to be Conservatives, as the term is understood by the club. '
We heartily wish that the rules of the Carlton would enable
that club to follow this excellent example.—Herald.
Let us be careful to take just ways to compass just
things, that they may last in their benefits to us.—Eliza
aok's Journal.

'THE PROGRESS OF STEAM.—We understand that
a fine screw steam-ship will be launched, about the 3d of
June, from the building-yard of the well-known firm of
Messrs. Tod and Macgregor, on the Clyde. This ship is in-
tended for Messrs. Richardson Brothers and Co., of Liver-
pool, and to trade between that port and the United States,
and is the largest, with one exception, ever built in Great
Britain for the merchant service. She is a three-decker, 273
feet in length on the spar deck, and 290 feet over all ; beam
37 feet 9 inches, and measures upwards of 2,100 tons. She
will we propelled by two engines of about 450-horse power,
and on the same principle as those which have proved so
successful in the City of Glasgow. Every improvement has
been taken advantage of in the model to combine speed with
easiness in a heavy sea, and great strength. She will be
divided into seven water-tight compartments, made of iron,
up to the main-deck, to guard against any possibility of ac-
cident, which is of the greatest importance, as any one com-
partment might be full of water, without endangering the
ship. The cabins will be of an increased size, and accommo-
date 180 passengers, with abundance of light and ventilation.
We understand she will be called the City of Manchester, as
one of the American line is to be called the City of Philadel-
phia.--North British Mail.

We beg particularly to call the attention of our
commercial readers to the fact, that Friday next, at two
o'clock, has been fixed for the important meeting to be held
at the London Tavern, for the purpose of submitting to the
people of England and the Imperial Parliament the ruinous
and impolitic measure proposed by the Chancellor of the
Exchequer for the reduction of the duty on foreign timber.
We hear that the Earl of Eglinton has been invited to pre-
side, and that several Members of the House of Commons
will probably attend. It will, therefore, be an excellent op-
portunity for our City friends to make these gentlemen
acquainted with matters of detail relating to the subject of
the meeting; and, if they go even a step further, and bring
out the full results of the colonial policy of the Government,
we heartily hope that this meeting may lay the foundation
of another defeat of the anti-national policy which it is in-
tended to condemn.---Iferuld.

NEWS FOR THE PROTECTIONISTS.—CarrISFVOR is
always considered a market at which butchers' meats are to
be obtained at moderate prices. A pretty correct notion
may be formed of the price that fat stock commands in
these days of agricultural depression, from the fact that a
lot of twenty yearling wethers, bought the other day at
Pacrhyn Castle faun, to be sold as mutton in this market,
cost Mr. John Abbott, the butcher who purchased them,
fifty pounds ! Surely his Grace of Richmond ought to be
made cognizant of so startling a fact, that yearling sheep
for Carnarvon market fetched, for slaughtering as fat mut-
ton, wily sevenpence per lb., sinking the offal, or two pounds
ten shillings a piece ( I) as a text for his next oration on the
ruinous effects of free trade and the blessings of protsction.—
Carnarvon Herald.

In the sitting of the Bth of the Chamber of
Deputies of Turin, Signor CAVOUR made his financial
statement up to April 1, 1851. After a brief
recapitulation of the financial operations effected
in 1848 and 1849, he observed that at the close of
that year the deficit amounted to 96 millions of
francs, but that, thanks to the loans of 1850, a surplus
of 82 millions was obtained, which will now enable
the Government to restore the equilibrium of income
and expenditure without any further loan. Never-
theless the Minister informed the Chamber that he
would shortly propose a loan to be applied to the
construction of certain railway lines. This state-
ment was received with great .atisfaction by the
Chamber, and a Committee was named to examine the
accounts.