The Sun.
London, England, 1851-03-13 00:00:00

tRUASbAY
__VJANING, MARCH 13, 1861.

unfortunately there is a difference between them) to
tfP3 voi4e and sententious pages of the Home Vacivce.

11‘7
EXCURSIONS AA' D AD DUPES, TN.
NEW SOUTH WALES By John flendersoW,
Esq., drc.
We have seldom met with a work more likely to
flat public attention than the one hearing the above
title, particularly at this tiroo, when the swelling
ocean of politics is strongly urging the tide of seam'
gration towards distant, and, to the inhabitants of the
Western Hemisphere, unknown settlements. And
though a careful perusal of " Excursions and Adven-
tures in New South Wales," replete as these volumes
decidedly are with multifarious information on all
practical points, leaves us in considerable doubt as to
the moral which the author wishes us to draw from
his tale ; though we are at a 1055 to say whether his
intention is to hold out inducement to future settlers
in favour of that colony, or to deter them froth the
attempt, by an unflinching and positive account of
the difficulties that await them in that region ; though
we cannot even discover whether the writer's enter-
prising spirit was ultimately rewarded for his un-
wearied exertions by a moderate share of sucees§l or
whether sore disappointment was the result of his
strenuous efforts, certain it is that the picture he
draws of life in Australia is such as deeply to interest
all classes of readers, but most of all those who may
be now contemplating the selection of a spot whereon
to " co:nntence the world anew;" and on these last
in particular the author has a strong claim for grati-
tude. For, though the picture is not a flattering
one; nay, more, because it lays bare all the disadvan-
tages they, the intended emigrants, will have to con-
tend with—because it gives a real insight into things
as they really are, so far as to enable them to pause
and ponder ere they come to a decision, their best
thanks are due to him, the honest chronicler of the
present history of a country which bids fair, under
good management, to become one day one of the most
important colonies of Great Britain. But the author's
claims for popularity do not rest only upon the utility
of his work to emigrants. To the general reader,
also, it will prove highly entertaining, from the vast
fund of information it contains upon many points
connected with travels, natural history, botany,
geology, &c., and last, though not least, from the
many personal adventures of the writer, which would
make the account of his residence in New South
Wales almost as fabulous, and of course attractive, as
the once incredible, and therefore by many readily
believed, adventures of Defoe's hero • but that such
things are now of daily occurrence, and consequently
divested of much of the prestige which attaches to the
marvellous, but not of the admiration due to patient
endurance, energetic perseverance, indomitable cour-
age, under most trying circumstances. But to
the hook, as a book, we hasten to return. After a
humorous, though in some respects ominous, descrip-
tion of his departure from the mother country, and
progress to the antipodes, and of his safe arrival in
Sydney (for which he is in duty bound most grate-
ful to the captain of his ship, seeing that he had well
nigh commenced operations by a most venturesome
and dangerous enterprise), we find him employing
several months in reconnoitring the ground, procur-
ing information, visiting localities, and at last going
to work in earnest. From that moment we follow
him through several years of a settler's life, and can-
not but wonder at his good fortune in escaping un-
scathed the many dangers to which Europeans are
exposed from ungenial climate, from the host of
natural enemies which the very soil generates against
man, or from the still more fierce hostility of the na-
tive tribes; at his having been able to retain through-
out his severe trials that taste for literature and the
arts—that admiration of the beauties of nature—that
aptness to see, discern, and judge, for which he was
indebted to the civilization of the Old World, and
which we find amply recorded and exemplified in the
pages of his book, particularly in the latter part, in
which he takes a scientific view of the subject he had
before treated in the light of a great and important
speculation. Finally, we leave him with the only
regret of not knowing precisely what conclusion to
draw from the whole, and recommend our readers to
do as we did—read and judge for themselves, only
promising them that they will find room for merely
one disappointment, viz., the omission of a chapter
which the author doubtless deemed unnecessary, as
being entirely personal to himself.

GAVA.ZZI'S LECTURE.

Father Gavazzi, the great Italian preacher, gave a
second lecture at Willis's Rooms yesterday, at half-past
two o'clock. The subject was, " The Celtbacae of the
e..3letay." Father Gavazzi is better known, generally
speaking thee he is in particular, and therefore a few
words on his anteCeflente will not perhaps be unaccept-
able to the reader. He was born in Bologna, in the year
1909, and was regularly brought up to the service of the
Catholic Church, as member of the order of Eta. Barnabas.
Subsequent to his ordination he obtained the profeseer-
ship of rhetoric at Naples, and in due course became the
most popular preacher in Italy. In fact, from Como to
Calabria, and from Genoa to Ancona, his fame resounded
in every city. It is to his credit that at this period,
though still essentially a priest—and we are told that
" the snake cannot slough his skin"—he was noted
among his compeers for the largeness of his religious
views and for the liberality of his secular politics.
When Gregory XVI. died, and Pio Nono ascended the
Papal throne, Gavazai hailed, in common with all his
onentrymen, the advent of a new era for the oppressed
Reline people; and an eloquence almost unprece-
dented in pint of force and effect gave utterance
to his aspirations for frea?om. In fact, at this
period Gsvaezi was the vox patprii; of the Roman states;
for the people spoke through his targets, His first ap-
petirtnee,t however, as a politician was on the occasion
of the Milatieee insurrection of 1848, when he solemnly
pronounced a benedletien of that event in the great
church Santa Maria dells Aottando, at Rome—better
known as the " Pantheon." .root thenceforward, as
Maiiifli was the head, so was Gavazzi reeovised as the
voice of t:dish freedom; and day after day he Baits ngued
thousands of Ruffians in the ancient theatre of their
greatness) the sirens of the Colosseum. Pio, unable ttl
stem the flood of liberty that then overflowed the land
like a life-giving deer, treacherously yielded to the cur-
rent, the better to divert it; and consequently affected to
encourage the orator. His object was, however, to re-
move him from Rome, which he effected by appointing
him to the chaplainship general of the Papal levies,
known as "Crusaders," numbering some 15,000 of the
best blood of Italy. It boots not now to enter on the
subject of the tredson of the Pope to the cause he pro•
fessed to espouse; hilt Father Gavazzi asserts that he
himself received positive instruttions from Pius IX. to
attack the Austrians near Vicene4—the Austrians who
are at present "the whitesbeeded boys" of his Holiness,
the "head of the Catholic world." From Vicenza Father
Gavazzi went to Venice, and, in feenjunctice; with Daniel
Manners, of noble and exalted memory, he len: his
best efforts to the cause of Italian regeneratlotl, It is
owed that, on the occasion of his preaching in the Grated
Piazza de San Marco, in that city, the whole population
not only poured out to hear him, but ono and all flung
their choicest treasures into the common fund for the re-
demption of their country. Can such a people ever
perish, ever become brute slaves like the Irish and the
Austrians? It is impossible. Gavazzi after this went as
a missionary in the sacred cause of freedom to Tuscany,
where he was expelled by the faithless Grand Duke, no
doubt at the instance of the Pope; but subsequently when
General Zucchi, one of the late Count Roast's familiars,
seized him, the timorous as well as treacherous Pontiff
yielded to the popular indignation once more, and released
the eloquent priest. Upon the declaration of the Roman
Republic, Mazzini and the Triumvirs re-appointed Father
Gavazzi as chaplain general of the Roman army, and in that
capacity he lent all his powerful energies to the recon-
stitution of the hospitals, and the care of the wounded and
dying. He frequently accompanied the troops to the
field, and at the close of the sortie, in which Oudinot
and the French Pepalini were defeated, he stood by the
side of the brave Garibaldi at the head of the column,
succouring the wounded and soothing the last moments
of the dying, though a hail of balls was whistling round
them. He also assisted at the defeat of the Neapolitan
brigands and lazzaroni, who the King of Naples had
created into a marauding army. His integrity, his piety,
and his bravery won for him even the good-will of the
French invaders of his country; and he succeeded
through these means in escaping the fate of his friend
end fellow-labourer in the" good cause," Father Ugo
Bassi, who was ruthlessly murdered by the Austrian
invaders at Bologna. From Italy he fled to England,
and here he has lived in all the anguish which the res
angusta dome can inflict upon an exile.
" Nessum maggior dolore,
Che ricordarse to tempo felice
Nei miseria."
A few " friends, Romans, and fellow-countrymen," in-
dividually as straitened in circumstances as himself, col-
lectively straitened themselves still more to obtain the
means of publicity for his eloquent denunciations of
clerical and secular oppression in Italy; and once again
Father Gavazzi is the pox populi in England of Italian
nationality.
The lecture of yesterday was crowded by persons of the
highest consideration in this country, as well as by the
/lite of the Italian and German emigrants at present in
London. He denounced the celibacy of the clergy as a
political institution of the Church of Rome, having for
its object purely secular purposes, and he challenged the
" doctors," seraphic or secular, to justify that negation
from Scripture. The passages is Paul he held to be in-
terpolations, and he denied the institution of celibacy
even the merit of originality, inasmuch as it was
.common to the Pagan priesthood of all forms of worship,
20 ages before the advent of Jesus Christ. ' He like-
wise showed that the "fathers of the Church" were
at issue with one another on the subject, and that
more than one council " in the purer days of Christi-
anity had rejected it as a mockery, a delusion, and a
snare. After much to the same purpose, which every
man of reading knows by heart, he concluded by con-
_

trasting the gross licentiousness and profligacy of the
dignitaries of the Catholic Church, the Bembos, the
Sadolettis, the Bentivoglios, the Dubois, with the squea-
mishness of their sucessors in hypocrisy, ifnotin vice who
since the return of Pius IX., and the subjugation of the
Eternal City, have covered the nakedness of the statues
in all public places—their own private cabinets excepted
—so as to convert the cape d'operc of the greatest sculp-
tors into uncouth absurdities, lest it should shock the
susceptible morality of the French " camp followers."
Repeated applause greeted the orator during the whole
of his impassioned and eloquent apped, and at the close
of the lecture he was literally hunoured with a public
ovation.

SEAMAN'S HOSPITAL.—Tbe anniversary festival in
aid of the funds of this comprehensive and most valuable
charity took place yesterday at the London Tavern. The
chair was filled by the Earl of Hardwicke, supported by the
Sheriffs, Sir James Law Lushington, and other influential
gentlemen. About 100 guests sat down to dinner, which
was served in the usual style of the London Tavern. Little
need be said in favour of an institution the merits of which
are so obvious as those of the Seamen's Hospital, and which
has now pursued its career of usefulness for 30 years. To
all who know anything of the port of London, the value of
a charity where cases of disease and sickness among the sti-
lors of all nations are promptly and efficiently attended to
does not require to be pointed out. Everybody who has
passed up or do% n the river must remember the old
nought moored off Greenwich, her great hull appropriated to
the relief of those whose " home is on the deep " to whatever
c+untry they may belong. From the report submitted to
he company last night, we learn that during the past year
nes-ly 4,000 seamen have been relieved at the hospital.
During the evecing subscriptions in aid of the funds mere an-
nounced to the amount of between 80 /. and 9 0/. Mr. Higgs
officiated on the occasion as toastmaster.

GROSS NEGLIGENCE.—A child was burnt to death
on Saturday morning last, under the following circum-
stances:— It seems that a woman named Catherine Morris,
of Duke-street, St. Clement's, wife of a foundryman, had left
her child of ten months' old in a wicker chair, within a foot
of a biasing wood fire, whilst she went out to gossip with a
neighbour. On her return the chair was on fire, the clothes
of the infant were burnt off, and the little sufferer was re-
duced to a cinder. The woman just before she left actually
piled some long pieces of thin deal on to the fire, before
which there was no guard, and within twelve inches of
which was the infant seated in a wicker chair. No doubt
one of these blazing pieces of wood fell upon the child. An
inquest was held the same day, when a verdict of " Acci-
dental death" was returned; but the jury expressed an
unanimous opinion that the mother had been guilty of gross
neglect in leaving the child in such a position.—lpswich
Express.

THE BATH STARVATION CASE.—The husband of
Harriet Spsring. who died tram starvation at Bath, has
been apprehended and 1, dged in the Bah Gaol, t• await
his trial at he ensuing assizes. on he charge of wilful
murder. The pr;anner, n hearing that an inquest was to
b held on his wife. absconded, and suc:..eeued for some
ime i a evading he vigilance of the police. I ap iea-s
hat he went to Bristol, mid -or a me days lodged with Mr.
I.lsncl. a publcan, under the rage of Edwaro Woodman,
but was very reserved, and ept himse f remarkably qu;e .
Ile th n enlisted in he 30th Regiment of the line, and cm
Wednesday was len off t, Kent with other recruits Mr.
Bence having substqueotly seen a disser,pti ,n of Sparing in
the Hue and Cry, suspected his lodger to be the man, and
immediately give informati n o the chief of the lath
police. An cfficer, accompanied bo Mt. Benue, was dis-
patched in search of the prisoner, whom they found enjoy-
ing his dinner in Weimer Barracks, Kent, but on se- ng the
officer he becam3 much frightene i and trembled violently.
Ile was at nee b-ought back, and yesterday lodged in the
Bath Gaol, under the coroner's warrant.
TROOPS FOR THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—The
Singap re, Peninsula-an-1 Oriental Company's steam rat
Souttamrton, belonging to the Mail Company, will Inks
ut to the Caps 300 men, namely, ab 1,0 from the dept
of the 45th regiment, now in the Isle of Wight (who were
ready on Tuesday last to embark), and a detachmentof about
150 man, volunteers for the Cape service from the Ist Bat-
talion of the 91st Regiment now at Liverpool, tte latter de-
tachment expected at Southampton. They are to embark
to•morrow, an I sail on S .tarday. Mr. E. Chamberlain, the
chief clerk in the Port Admiral's-office at Portsmouth, is to
have the charge of victualling the soldiers on board the Sin-
gapore. The Vulcan screw steana•shi , Master-Commander
Penn, arrived at Queenstown on the 10th, to embark the 74th
for the Cape.

THE MAIL DUE FROM THE CAPE.—We learn from
Plymouth that on the 11th the Clifton, Captain Beasly, last
from the Cape and St. Helena, had arrived there. The
Clifton had not put in at the Cape, but she brings intelli-
gence that the Bosphorus, which has been daily expected in
England witk the Cape mails, was hourly awaited at St.
Helena, whence she would take the regiment on station to
Cape Town.

Mn,. think it no shame to give handsome obsequies
to those dead, whom living they had suffered to starve un-
noticed; hut the struggle of shrinking poverty passes unseen
in its corner; the pompous trappings of death are witnessed
by all the world. —Eliza cook's Journal.

A daring attempt at highway robbery will made
a short time ago upon a person of the name of Brown, a ser-
vant at Capenwray Hall, near Lancaster. He was passing
Skerion Green about seven o'clock in the evening, when he
was accosted by a man, who, after walking by his side for a
few paces, suddenly tripped up his heels, brought Brown to
the ground, and then demanded his money. Brown, how-
ever, gathered himself up, and belaboured the fellow, who,
in turn was brought to the earth, and was there left, while
Brown proceeded on his way home.—Cumberland Pacgutt
NEW HOSPITAL TOE KING'S COLLEGE.—Thm cor-
poration of King's College intend making application to Par-
liament in the present session, for a Bill to authorise the
purchase of the old burial-ground of St. Clement Danes, in
Portugal-street, Lincoln's-inn-fields, and to erect thereon a
new and enlarged hospital, to accommodate an additional
number of patients.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

Mr. George Asser White Welch, a mate of 1848, late
of the Powerful, 84, and the senior on the list, has re-
cently been promoted to the rank of lieutenant.
The following mates received their certificates at the
Royal Naval College, for the rank of lieutenants, on
Tuesday :—Mr. Miller, late of the Howe, 120 ; Mr.
Robinson, late of the Bellerophon, 78 ; and Messrs.
Thompson and Alexander. Mr. Miller is the eighth
officer of her Majesty's ship Howe who has received
first-class certificates both for gunnery and seamanship.

Lieutenant J. Byng, son of -Admiral the Hon. H. D.
Byng, bas arrived in England, invalided, from the In-
flexible, 6, steam-sloop, in the West Indies.
THE CUMBERLAND, 70, FLAGSHIP OF SIR GEORGE
SEYDIOUR.—Lady Seymour and the two Misses Seymour
and servants arrived at the George Hotel, Portsmouth,
on Tuesday; the gallant admiral also arrived yesterday
afternoon, about three o'clock. He will not embark on
board the Cumberland till this morning, when his flag
will be hoisted, and, if the weather permits, will sail on
Friday morning. The Cumberland proceeds first to
Bermuda, where the Wellesley, 72, Captain Goldsmith,
with the flag of Vice-Admiral the Earl of Dundonald,
G.G.8., has been ordered to wait her arrival. The
shipwrights completed the defects on board the Cum-
berland yesterday morning, and the Sprightly (that
took oat some stores for her) brought them into harbour.
'THE SHELL PRACTICE AT PORTSMOUTH.—The shell
practice on board the Excellent, to test which sort are
the best, has closed, and the committee will make their
report. We understand that Captain Moorson's per-
cussion shells have proved the most correct in bursting,
and in all re.pects are better than the concussion shells
that have been recently tried. We suppose the old
'rapaz will now be sold or broken up; she is knocked
bout a good deal.
Bonetta, 0, brigantine, Lieutenant Commander Wake,
left the Downs on Tuesday for Devonport to be paid ad-
vance previously to eftidiog fur Brazils.
Banshee steam-packer, Lieutenant-Commander Hes-
ken, leaves Davenport this day, after the arrival of the
mail, for Malta.
The Fairy royal yacht embarked her Royal Highness
the Duchess of Kent this afternoon at the Clarence-
yard, for Osborne, to visit her Majesty. The Port-
Admiral and staff, and a guard of honour, received the
Duchess, whose standard was saluted by the Vengeance,
Cumberland, and the garrison battery.
The Penelope, 22, steam- frigate, Captain Lyster, was
taken under the shears yesterday, and masted.
The American packet. ship Congress, and the India-
„pin
,e;:dagascar arrived at Spithead to-day, from the
Themes, to embark passengers and stock for their re-
spective destination:.
The Sprightly steam-vessel, Mt. George Allen, Master-
Commanding, returned from Devonport yesterday.
TEE FIRST LORD'S FIRST LEVEE FOR 1851.
VifooLwieu, MARCH 12.—The Right Hon. Sir Francis
T. Baring, Bart., held a levee yesterday, ,at the Admi-
ralty, at Whitehall, where he received the following
officers
Rear-Admiral David Price.
Captains—lietify Dundas (1826), Hon. George F.
froth= (1628), Thomas Dickinson (1832), Abraham
M. Hawkins (1835), Russell Ehott (1838), and Thomas
F. Birch (1850).
Commanders—Thomas Hope (1841), Thomas Cha-
loner (1845), E. A. Inglefield (1845), Frederick A.
Campbell (1846), Henry E. Wingrove (1846), Gillmore
Harvey (1846), Charles Jenkin (1846), Alan H. Gard-
ner (1848), Charles Codrington Forsyth (1849), George
Hancock (1850), Stephen S. L. Crofton (1850), and
George Western (1851).
Lieutenants—William B. Noble (1814), John Sanders
(1815), Charles W. Hallett (1841), Justus B. Kooystra
(1841), Samuel H. Derriman (1842), John Seccombe
(1842), John D. Courcy A. Agnew (1843), and William
Codrington Forsyth (1845).
Surgeon Thomas Robertson (A), (1794).
Paymaster and Purser Joseph Mason (1808).
The Alecto steam-sloop, Commander George Lavie,
left Woolwich this morning for Greenhithe, to have her
compasses adjusted by Captain Johnson, and will then
proceed to Plymouth, where she will take out the mails
for the coast of Africa.
The Rhadamanthus steam troop-ship, Master Com-
mander Belem, on her arrival at the Cape of Good
Hope, will remain and relieve the Dee steam troop-ship
at that station.

ADMIRALTY HIRED TRANSPORTS. TROOP-
SHIPS, CONVICT-SHIPS, AND FREIGHT-
SHIPS, NEW REGULATIONS.
The following new regulations for the survey, &c., of
ships tendered as transports for the conveyance of troops
or convicts, and for the freight of stores, also regulations
with respect to the number of the crew required for the
manning ships chartered by the Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty, have been issued by the Board:—
Admiralty, March 11, 1851.
1. The hold to be cleared fore and aft, the keelson,
limber boards, breast hooks, and transoms to be cleared
and exposed to view, and a listing, from two to three
inches wide, to be cut between the breast hooks on both
sides.
2. A listing, from two to three inches wide, about
twenty feet in length, to be cut between the keelson and
the second futtock heads on both sides, when required by
the surveying officers.
3. A listing Irom two to three inches wide, about
two-thirds the length of the ship, to be cut on both
aides of the second luttock heads; one-third on one
part, and one-third on the other.
4. A listing from two to three inches wide, about
one-third the length of the ship, to be cot amidships,
under the clamps of the hold beams on both sides, and a
stage to be slung under the beams, fore and aft, in order
that the state of the beams and knees may be carefully
inspected.
5. The 'tween decks to be perfectly clear, and a listing
from two to three inches wide to be cut just above the
spirketting on both sides, in length about 20 feet for-
ward and 20 feet aft; and also amidships, if required by
the sum ying officers.
6. The state and condition of the decks, waterway s,
knees, outside planking, and copper on the bottom, to be
carefully inspected in a dry dock, and the masts and rig-
ging to be carefully examined, for the purpose of ascer-
taining that they are in a good and soend condition.
7. In all cases the owners are to cause such bolts to
be driven out, and other works performed, as may be
considered necessary by the surveying officers to enable
them to form a satisfactory judgment of the state of the
ship.
8. All ships ordered for survey must hoist a union-
jack at the main, or where best seen, and keep it flying
until the ships have been surveyed, a neglect of this re-
gulation having caused much inconvenience to her Ma-
jesty's service. All ships must be ready to be surveyed
at the periods stated in the form of tender. to prevent
the surveying officers being taken unnecessarily from
other duties.
9. All ships accepted for the conveyance of troops or
convicts are to have such bulkheads put up and other
works performed. &c., as are usually required, and which
the surveying officers will point out, who are to report
their fitness and extent of accommodation fur Govern-
ment purposes.