The Sun.
London, England, 1856-09-12 00:00:00

ARARAT.

The rush to this place still continues, though not to such
an extent as described in my last, and very few are leaving
for other, to them, more tempting gold fields : diggers,
unless possessed of capital, generally prefer returning to
latch ground as from actual experience they know possasses
the precious metal. However, everything looks brisk, and
though it is exceedingly difficult to find out what amount
of gold is actually brought to light from its secret hiding.
places, still, to judge from the activity of our gold buyouts
on Saturday, the quantity must be considerable. The
new main lead, or more plainly, the lead which caused the
present rush, has made the fortunes of a good many,
and I think I may, without exaggeration, state that
one out of every three holes on th;s lead has
paid. A number of the first holes that were bot-
tomed on this said lead, and given up for blanks,
have all been taken up by other parties, and have
turned out in several instances remarkably rich. It is no
criterion here in fluffing the bottom a blank, that the claim
should be ditto, for the gold runs exceedingly patchy, and
though there is a sort of load, still within a foot or two
from it coarse gold may lie in abundance.
The new lead hal been traced across the crack, and heavy
gold has been found at 80 feet sinking. In consequence of
this a bridge has been built by subscription, and another
new street been formed, of which the United States Hotel
is the centre. There is a pretty extensive rush within three
miles of this, but I have not been there yet, and shall re-
port on it in my next. Gold, 3/. 16s. 3d.

BENDIGO.
(From the Bendigo Advertiser, June 20.)

RUMOURED NEW GOLD FIELD.—It is reported that:anew
gold field has been discovered on the Campaspe, between
Ross's Station and De Capolin's. There have been rumours
from time to time respecting this alleged new gold Seidl
but no authentic information has been yet placed before
the public. We understand from 31. Do Capelin that there
are several parties digging on the ground, which is not far
distant from his residence, and adjacent to the banks of
the Campaspe. As tho parties have been working there
for some time 31. De Capelin believes that they have found
the place to answer. The holes vary in depth to 12 feet,
and the gold is rather coarse. There is, of course, an
abundance of water in the vicinity.

GEELONG.
(From the Geelong Advertiser of June 20. )
There is little to note this week in the gold market ;
transactions in town have been very limited. The bank
exchange on England has fallen 1 per eent., and there is a
consequent reduction in the price of the metal. The buy-
ing figure is now quoted at 76s 9d for Ballarat gold.
The communications from the different fields this week
are bare and without incident, merely stating that the
various lines are, on the whole, maintaining their reputa-
tion.
Steiglitz (much as it was the fashion at one time in
certain quarters, to cry it down, and all who made mention
of it) is now proving itself one of the best of quartz mining
districts; large quantities of gold are being brought from
there, both amalgamated and melted into ingots, and
which now commands a high price, from the superior and
workman-like manner in which it is got up.
Since last report there has arrived by escort as follows :
oz. dwts.
Castlemaine escort ............... 20,159 10
Maryboroygh and Avoca 4,033 10
Fiery Creek
Mount Blackwood
Ballarat and Creswick's

Taal

Exchange on London.—The Banks at present issue their
drafts on London at 1 per cent. premium and buy at par

Freight on gold delivered in London, 4,d. per ounce.
Insurance on ditto 2 guineas per cent., exclusive of war
risk.

LABOUR MARKET.

Seamen are in great demand, but are scarce.
The inquiry for females is still considerable, with a
scanty supply.
Wages are now firm at the old rates, viz. :
With rations,—Married couples fur hotels, 611 to SO/
per annum ; married couples, without families, for town
work, (P 1 to 801 per annum ; ditto, for home stations, 551
to 65/ ditto ; ditto, shepherding one flock, 401 to 451 ditto;
ditto, ditto, two flocks, 601 to 701; ditto, ditto, for farm
work, 601 to 70/ ditto ; single shepherds, 301 to 351 ditto ;
butkeepers, 30i ditto ; bullock drivers for roads, 3Qs per

week ; ditto, for farms or stations, 30e ditto ; generbl
farm servants, 25s ditto; gardeners, 25s to 30s; bush car-
lOa
p peren car-
penters, corns ,;
hand
33s to
threshers,
s;
horcuttingslOd to is per
and
trussing h
-713 y: 17 ;
8 threshers 6dc'
by machine, 30s per week; grooms, 501 to GO/ per annum;
cooks for hotels, 20s to 40s per week ; waiters for ditto, 20s
to 303 ditto ; general useful servants, 25s ditto ; plough-
men, 30s ditto. The weekly rations consist of 121 b of
meat, 101 b of flour, 41b of tea, and 21b of sugar.
Without Rations.—House carpenters, 12s to 14s per
day; masons, 12s to 14s ditto; bricklayers, 12s to 14s ditto;
plasterers, 12s to 15s ditto ; blacksmiths, 12s to 18s ditto ;
stonebreakers, 4s to 6s per cubic yard ; good quarrymen,
us to 13a per day ; porters, lOs ditto ; carters, 2/ lOs to
3/ per week ; labourers for roads, &c., les to 12a per day ;
bricknaakers, 30s to 40s per 1,000; fencers, 2s Gd per rod,
3 rails ; haycutting and pressing, 25s per ton.
Seamen.—A.B. seamen for India and home, 4/ 103 to 51
per month ; ditto, coasting, 51 per month ; mates, 81 to
91 per month; cooks and stewards, 61per month.

Female servants.—Housemaids, 251 to 301 per annum ;
nursemaids, 161 to 201; cooks, 281 to 351; laundresses and
cooks, 271 to 301; general house servants, 241 to 281.

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE BALTIC.

Yesterday morning the United States mail steam-
ship Baltic, Capt. Comstock, arrived in the Mersey,
with the mails from the United States and British
North Atherica. She left New York on the 30th
ult., and has brought 60 passengers and $203,970
iu specie on freight. •
The Baltic crossed the bar at Sandy Hook at
4.30 p.m. on the 30th ult., when she passed the
Cornelius Grinnell, outward bound • Sept. 1, lat.
41.22, long. 63.18, exchanged signals with a large
ship showing Tapscott's signal, bound west; Sept.
3, lat. 43.21, long. 50.37, passed ship J. H. Ryer-
son, and barque Europe • Sept. 4, lat. 45.19, long.
44.26, passed the ships Ticonderago and Allan.

.
The Baltic was detained in the Channel ten hours
by fog, and arrived at the Bar of the Mersey at
midnight, where she was detained for water.
Amongst the passengers per the Baltic was Mr.
George Macbeth, member of the provincial parlia-
ment.

Th• rupture between the Senate and the House
of Representatives on the Army Appropriation Bill
continues. The bill being referred to the Conference
Committee, composed of Senators Hunter, Begle-
rand, and Crittenden, and Messrs. Campbell, Ste-
phens, and Sherman, members of the House of Re-
presentatives, failed, however, in effecting the ad-
justment.

On the 29th, Mr. Houston presented a memorial
to the Senate from the Legislature of Texas, in be-
half of Judge Terry, now held in custody by the
Vigilance Committee of San Francisco, pray-
ing the Government or Congress to interfere in his
behalf. He stated that Judge Terry, while iu
Texas, bad borne a high character as an honour-
able man, and was considered an ornament to the
community. Mr. Brown followed in Judge Terry's
favour. Mr. Bell, of Tennessee, also spoke in his
behalf, and was followed by Mr. Weller, who prc-
ceeded to denounce the Vigilance Committee as a
political organisation, and hinted vaguely at an
intention to separate California from the Federal
Union. The memorial was referred to the Judici-
ary Committee. Consideration of Mr. Crittenden's
bill to alter and amend the Kansas Nebraska Act
was then resumed, and Mr. Bell, of Tennessee,
spoke on the general subject of Kansas affairs.
Mr. Hunter moved to lay the bill on the table, but
the vote was deferred until next day. Nothing
was effected in the house.

In the debate upon the Army Bill, General
Cass read two letters from General Smith, now
commanding the army of the west, which gave the
lae direct to all the despatches from Kansas. One
of them was as follows :

" Fort Leavenworth, August 11, 1856.
" Colonel,—l have received a letter from Governor
Shannon, asking me to take the field with the whole
disposable foroe in the territory to prevent the ingress of
Lane's party by the northern boundary of the territory.
The iuformation given to the governor has been so ex-
aggerated, and is to my knowledge so incorrect, that
I decline making a movement that would introduce as
I much disorder as existed six weeks ago. Captain T.
J. Wood, with his company of cavalry, is upon the
northern frontier, and I shall depend up m his reports
to govern my actions. Some of the companies along
the Kamm were sent by4iweormanding officer there,
at the governor's request, to break up the camps of
armed men at several places he designated. On the
arrival of the troops at the points designated, not only
were no camps found, but none had ever existed there,
or anywhere else in the neighbourhood. I know that
each party is trying to engage the action of the troops
in expelling their adversaries, and 'I place no depend.
eace on the reports that do not came from what I con-
sider good authority.
"Your obedient servant,
fe PERSIFER F. &UM,
Brevet Major General Commanding Department.
" Colonel S. Cooper, Adjutant General,
United States Army."
The follow* order has been issued from the
United States Armoury :
"Office of the Superintendent of the United States'

Armoury, Springfield, August 27, 1856.
"TO THE FOREMAN AND EMPLOYES 07 THE UNITED
STATES ARMORY, SPRINGFIELD. .

" Gentlemen,—l am compelled to communicate to
you the purport of a circular which I kava this day
received from the colonel of ordnance. An extract
therefrom is as follows :
" Ordnance-office, Washington, Aug. 26, 18561

_
" Sir,—ln consequence of the failure of Congress thus
far to make appropriations for the support of the army
for the present fiscal year, and of the uncertainty of such
appropriations being made, it becomes necessary to bring
the expenditures at the armouries, arsenals, and ordnance
depots within the available means of the department.
"Yon will, therefore, on receipt of this, discharge all
the workmen and other employes, not holding commis-
sions from the President, whose pay, wages, or salaries
are taken from the appropriation for the manufacture of
arms at the national armouries.
" In compliance with the instructions above written
you are severally from this day discharged from the pub-
lie service. You will permit me, gentlemen, to add that
the War Department, as a whole, and that branch of it
with which we are particularly connected, have, to my
personal knowledge, used every honourable effort to ar-
rest the calamity which so summary an arrest of the
progress of our operations must entail upon the Govern-
ment, and to save you individually from the disappoint-
ment and loss which must accrue to you and those with
whom you are connected.
'• Hoping that you will do me the justice to believe
that I have used my beat endeavours to prevent this re-
sult, and that I shall deeply-sympathise with you in
your unexpected loss of employment—l remain, your
obedient servant,
"JAMES S. WHITNEY, Superintendent."

In the Senate, on the 27th, Mr. Willer's bill, to re-
peal certain laws of Kansas, was then taken up, and
after debate, on motion of Mr. Hunter, it was laid
on tho table by 28 against 11. A debate ensued,
during which the present condition of affairs in
Kansas was very full discussed by several senators.
Mr. Clayton commented with much severity on
what he termed the " infamous laws of the Kansas
Legislature," saying that they should be repealed
before the adjournment of the Congress, and that
if the Senate refused to take that step the responsi-
bility must rest upon them.
The house, on August 28, passed a bill appro-
priating 40,000 dollars to purchase and repair the
ship Resolute, for the purpose of presentation to
the English GoYernment.
The senators at the Caucus meeting resolved to
continue the session to the 4th March, unless the
Army Appropriation Bill is passed earlier.
Letters from the special correspondents in Kansas
present the first detailed account of the move-
ments of the Free-State party since the capture of
the fort at Franklin. It seems that after that
event the Free-State men proceeded towards
Lecompton in pursuit of a body of horse-
stealers, whom they overtook, and found shel-
tered in the fortified house of Colonel Titus.
Here a brisk skirmish ensued, and the whole Pro-
Slavery party (Colonel Titus included) were cap-
tured and removed to Lawrence, where an agree-
ment was subsequently made for the interchange of
prisoners. Governor Shannon was present on the
occasion, and, from the terms of the agreement, it
seems that the Free State men have gained a sig-
nal triumph. The reports about a supposed attack
on Lecompton were false. No such attack was even
contemplated by the Free State party. Theirs were
wholly defensive operations, and it is to be hoped
that they have been so far successful as to insure
them at least a temporary truce from hostilities.
This, however, is extremely doubtful, for the great-
est excitement exists along the border counties cf
Missouri. Atchison is there, fanning the flame,
and a new invasion of Kansas may be expected at
any moment. The invaders will this time receive
a warmer reception than they ever did before.
The Illinois, steam-ship, from California, arrived
at New York on the 29th of August ; ht r dates are
to the sth ult. She has brought 1,500,000 dols.
in gold.
At the time the steamer on the Pacific side left
San Francisco the Vigilance Committee was still
iu power, but it was rumoured that, as a military
organisation, it would shortly disband. A corre•
Tondent writes that though Judge Terry had not
been released, an Impression prevailed that be

a‘ e (
rf
---
\
had been acquitted. Two more culprits have ..o\-‘1',74.44
ettil
executed by the committee ; one, Joseph .t.O '''."- 1,-" ' :47_
ington, for the murder of Doctor Ran@lrii*lt :,."•;:f(:., ':.:',:-`,,,
44 "1,1 ,r',...14
hotel on the afternoon of the 24th of it;;137,,tbj....,,....,.„4, ,z.,
other a young desperado, named Braces foi4s2 li-1 ''.„
double murder, committed two or three yea*l•s-ago,,-L s
I
Bulger, one of the men banished to the Sand wait
Islands under penalty of death, had returned.
but inasmuch as his sentence had not been read
to him before his departure the committee al-
lowed him to leave again. There have been dis-
fiurbances in the South at Los Angeles. On the
26th July a Mexican was shot by the Deputy-
sheriff, and the natives, rising en masse, threatened
to sack the city. Tho Marshal was then shot by the
insurgents, and a Committee of Vigilance wan
formei to aid the authorities. Peace had been re--
stored, according to the latest advices. The total
loss occasioned ty the fire at Nevada has been esti-'
mated at $1,600,000. In politics there is nothing
very new. Fremont and the railroad are going
ahead, and in California will distance all competi-
tors. Tha Republicans are working with great
energy and zeal. - _ .

Trade is stead ly improving, and the crops are
represented as being gocd. There is favourable
inte ggence from the mining districts, and the pro.
ducts satisfactory.
A Nicaraguan 'e :ter states that Mr. Livingston,
the United States consul at Leon, had been shot
by the Rivas party, in retaliation for the execution
of Sol r zer.
Tae news from Nicaragua is not favourable to the
interests of Walker. Desertions are reported to
have taken place in the army, and Col. Salizan,
with several natives, had been shot for treason to

his government. This alone goes far to prove that
Walker's position as President of the Nicaraguan
Republic is held by- no safe tenure. It is alleged
that be has revoked the oxequatur of the British
consul at Leon, who, in some manner that is not
explained, was believed to be implicated in a con-
spiracy against the Government.
Imper aa', intelligence is received from New Gra-
nada. The U ivernment at Bogota has ordered that
all foreign mails crossing the Isthmus shall, on their
arrival at either side, be given up to the Postmaster
of Aspinwall or Panama; as the case may be, for the
purpose of collecting the tax. This arrangement
places the United Statesmails beyond the control of
the mail agent:, of that government during their tran-
sit, and will doubtless be resisted as an unjust taxa-
tion and in opposition to treaty stipulations. The
Commander of the United States s'oop of.war St.
Mary's, and the United States resident mail agent
at that place, have been instructed by the American
minister at Bogota to resist anyattempt on the part of
the New Granadian Government to take possession
of the mails crossing the Isthmus, or to enforce the
tax.

We have later intelligence from the South Pte.
fib States. In Chili the existing President of the
Republic had been quietly re-elected, and in Equa-
dor Gen. Robler was chosen president by a large
majority. Peru was tranquil.
We learn by way. of Panama that a revolution
against the government had been attempted in
Costa Rica. Ic was, however, promptly suppressed.
Twele of the insurgents were banished.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK. Ang. 29.

The money market is brisk. The demand is active far
call loans at 7 per cent., and a liberal inquiry f )1. dis-
counts. Outside of bank some prime 90 days' and four
months' paper was done at 8Y per cent. A fair amount
of business on London has beec done at 109 i to 1091 for
the Baltic. Francs rather dull at 5.191 to 5.15. The
Stock Exchange continues to rule generally flat, and
prices are slowly giving way. The last price of Erie this
afternoon was 57a ; Reading, 84g.
Cotton is in improved request at very full rates.
NEW YORK CLASSIFICATION.

New Orleans
Uplands. Florida. Mobile. and Texas.
Ordinary 9l 91 9A 9k
Middling IIA 11i 11i llf
Middling fair ... 12. 12f 12i 12i
Fair
..._.

Flour and Meal.-The market for State and Western
flour exhibits no really new feature. The receipts are
comparatively light, and factors are not pressing their
supplies on the market. The demand is moderate, mainly
for home use. Prices are essentially the same. The sales
since our last reach about 8,400 ble., in lots, mainly at
rates within the annexed range:-Ordinary State, 6 dole.
to 6.10 dole.; straight State, 6.10 to 6.26; favourite and.
extra State. 6.25 to 6.70 ; common to good Michigan,
5.70 to 6 ; common to good Indiana and Up-
per Lake, 6.15 dole. to 645 dols ; common to
good Ohio, 6.30 to 6.(i10 ; fancy Michigan, 6 to 6.20;
fancy Ohio, 6.60 to 6 70 ; extra Michigan, 6,20 to 7 ;
extra Indiana and Wisconsin, 6.40 to 7.50 ; extra Ohio,
6.75 to 8 ; fancy Genesee, 6.70 to 6.90 ; extra Genesee,
7 to 9 50 ; extra Missouri, 6.75 to 9. Canadian is mi.
changed, the transactions mostly at 6.25 (Ms. to 7.75
dole. per bbl. Southern is pretty bri,k and buoyant.
Grain-Wheat is not quite so active, but it is held
with firmnass. The sales include very good to prime
western white at 1 dol. 62ic. to 1 dol. 65c. ; poor to
prime western red at 1 del. 15c. to 1 dol. 55c. ; fair
western mixed at I dol. 45c. ; and good to prime south-
ern red at 1 dol. slic. to 1 dol. 55c. per bushel. Rye is
scarce and in demand, at full prices ; fair to prime qua-
lity is now worth from 84c. to 88c. per bushel. Oats are
in pretty fair request, and generally command 48c. to
50c. for Ohio and Lake ; 48c. to 50c. for Canadian ; 47c.
to 49c. for State ; 42c. to 46c. for Jersey ; and 41c. to
45c. for Southern, per bushel. Corn is briskly inquired
for, and is advancing. The supply is lees extensive.
Provisions-Pork is in good demand at advancing
prices, at 19 dole. 62.1 c. to 19 dole. 75c. for mess, and 18
dots. for prime per barrel. Cut meats are quiet and lan-
guid, at 9c.. to 91. c. for hams, and 81c. to *. for
shoulders, per lb. Bacon is in very light supply and de-
mand, at irregular prices. Lard is saleable and firm.
Stock light. Beef is being pretty actively sought after
at previous quotations. Prime mess beef now commands
but 14 dols. to 17 dels, per tr. Beef hams are scarce and
quiet, at prices ranging from 14 dole, to 17 dole, per brl.
Butter is plenty, and is selling moderately at 140. to 190.
for Ohio ; 17c. to 22c. for common to very good State ;
and 22c. to 26e. for prime to very choice ditto per lb.
Cheese is in fair supply and request at 60. to 9c: per lb.
Freights were rather tame and infirm. For Li rerpool
-Cotton, Ad. per lb. ; flour, ls. 6d. per barrel; grain,
6d. to 7d., in bulk and bags, per bushel ; resin, le. 9d.
to le. lOid. per barrel ; beef, 4s. pertierce ; tobacco, 235.
per hhrl. ; and heavy goods, 20e. to 255. per ton. For
other ports, proportionate quotation?.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, THURSDAY MORNING.
THE DUBLIN MILITARY BANQUET. _

Although, perhaps, somewhat late in the field,
the Dublin demonstration in honour of the soldiers
of the Crimea promises, so far, to be not inferior to
any similar public manifestation in the sister king-
doms. It is stated that the subscriptions received
up to yesterday, and but 24 hours after the meeting
at the Mansion•house, amounted to 500/. ; and it
it is added that the managers, from the numerous
offers of support hourly flowing in, aro sanguine
that a sum not short of 2,0001. will be forthcoming,
if so large an outlay should be necessary.

TIIE COMET.

A writer in the Cork Examiner says :

"On Sur clay night, about half-past ten o'clock, a very
luminous body appeared in the sky to the south-west,
apparently larzer than the moon. It resembled a ball of
fire, caging a brilliant light around. The heavens pre-
sented all round a very dingy appearance. At eleven
o'clock it rat idly sank below the horizon t) the
diminishing am it went, and emitting a bright glare along
its wondrous track."

THE AUSTRALIAN MAIL.
Advices from Cork announce that on Tuesday the
ship Sardinia, Skelton master, arrived off Kinsale
from Australia, after a good passage, which occu•
pied only 75 days. She there landed the mails,
which filled 36 sacks. There were conveyed to
Cork, and forwarded by train next morning to
Dublin. The Sardinia has on board 65,000 ounces
of gold on freight , and carried 130 passengers. She
brings news 15 days later than the last mail. The
James Baines had arrived previous to the departure
of the Sardinia, which was delayed 24 hours in the
bay to bring the replies to the intelligence carried
by the former ships, but she was eventually obliged
to leave without obtaining them.

RESULTS OF AGRARIAN CRIME.
The following statement appears in the King's
County Chronicle of yesterday :
"On Monday last Mr. Palmer, county cess collector,
in the barony of lidcour,ey, received another warrant
from the office of the Irish Under Secretary, empowering
him to levy from the occupier of tenements in the town-
lands of Cloghitanny and Wilton, a cess of 24. sd. in the
pound on the valuation, for the purpose of maintaining
the additional police force ordered to be stationed in that
vicinity by the Government. This will be _the fourth
levy which has been made for this purpose. Mr. Palmer
intends in a few days performing the mandate of the
warrant, which he will execute under a strong escort of
police. It was in the latter of those town ands (which
ai jol •n) that the murderous attempt to to mssinate Messrs.
Beauchamp and Reamsbottom was made, in which the
former was all but mortally wounded. Although no
doubt many persons unconnected with this offence, or
with the Riband comtination which planned it, have
been, and will be called upon to pay this heavy demand,
yet still it must be remembered that its perpetrators are
as yet unidentified by any person resident in the vicinity,
and that it was committed in open day and at a time
when there was considerable excitement among the in-
habitants, who had asseuAled to resist the execution of
a writ of haberc. It is, therefore, folly to deny that the
deed, before its commission, was not arranged by many,
or known of by many, and that several there now well
know who were the as:,assins and their accomplices.
There is, therefore, much of jot retribution in taxing
this district to prevent offt.ncts in it, towards which
there has been there manifested E 0 favourable a dispo-
eition."

Alfred Latham, Eq., is the gentleman rpoommended
by the Court of Directors of the Bank of England to fill
the vacancy in the direction occasioned by-the decease
of Henry James Prescott, Esq•

ASTLErS ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke.
THIS EVENING,
Sixth Week t Shakspere's Tragedy of RICHARD THE THIRD,
with unequalled equestrian illustrations. White Surrey killed under
his rider, Royal Rickard. Numerous chargers dead on the plain in
the Rattle of Bosworth Field, &c.
After which,
The EQUESTRIAN ACTS in the ARENA.
To conclude with a Risible Farce.
Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W.
West. Equestrian Director. Mr. W. Cooke. inn.

RTGEI SVA.TER. AT LONDON BRIDGE..
THIB DAT—Morn. 0 min. aft. o—Evening U rain. aft. 12
Tn-Mnaisow—Aforn.37 min. aft. 12—Evening 2 min. aft. 1

THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, SEPTIHRER 12.
THEIMOILICTEE, IN THIC SHADE.
71 —highest since noon yesterday.
59 —lowest this morning and during the night.
65 —this day at noon.

aoarrrira, 30/5.
WIND, N. to N.N.E.—Light, with fine weather, bul
cloudy.

STAMPED EDITION OF " THE SUN."
The Latest E lition of The Sum, Stamped, In
time for Post, may always be had from half-
past 5 till 7 o'clock every evening.

Subscribers in the Country will please to
observe that the heading " THIRD EDITION"

is always to be seen on the papers containing
the latest news. If any difficulty be experienced

in obtaining that Elition, a communication to
The Sun Office will remedy it.
Sun Office, 112; Strand.

e r
(5.1