The Sun.
London, England, 1851-12-29 00:00:00

GEORGE KEYS, Secretary.

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSI
COMPANY.
Established by Act of Parliament in 1834.
8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London; 97, Geerge-stree'
12, St. Vincent-Place, Glasgow; 4, College-green,
The bonus added to policies from March, 1834,
Deeemtoer, 1847,1 s as follows

RANCE

Edinburgh;
Dublin.

to the 31st

Deeemtoer, 1847, is as 101iuw ..
Sit M Sum addedto, Sum addedto Sum payable
Time Assured
I.ssured. - - --- • Policyinll4l PolieyinlB4
---- at -
Death.
--- ------ ---- ----
£5OOO 13 years 10 mths £638 6 8 £787 10 0 £6470 16 8
5000 1 year .. 112 10 0 5112 10 0
rs 100 0..
0 157 10 0 1257 10 0
1000 12 year
1000 7 years .. .. 157 10 0 1157 10 0
. 1 year •• .• 22 10 0 1022 10 0
1000
SOO 1.2 years 50 0 0 7S 15 0 628 15 0
500 I 4 years •• •• 45 0 0 545 0 0
800 1 1 year .. .. 11 5 0 511 5 0
_ .. _ _____ 1,11 A nornott aced

EXAMPLE.—At the commencement of the year 1841 a person aged
thirtv took out a Policy for 1,0001., the Annual Payment for which
is 24/. Is. ;in 1847 he had paid in Premiums 160/.
the prollts being 2M per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which
is 22/. 10s. per annum for each 1,0001.),
he had 1571. 10s. added to the
Policy, almost as much as the Premiums paid.
The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and
only one-half need be paid for the first five years when the In-
surance is for Life.
Every information afforded on application to the Resident Direc-
place, Pall-mall, London.
tor, No. 8, Waterloo-

SECURITY TO EMPLOYERS.
TO SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS,
CLERKS, STATION-MASTERS, RAILWAY OFFICIALS,
BANKERS' CLERKS, TRAVELLERS, AND OTHERS.
TIMES LIFE ASSURANCEand
GUARANTEE COMPANY.
32, Ludgate-hill, London.
Incorporated under 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 110.
TIONOTURT rRENDENTS.
CHARLES HINDLET, Esq., M.P., Dartmouth onSe , Westminster.
JAMES KERSIIA.W, Esq., M.P., Stockport.TRUSTEES.
James Alexander Douglas. Esq., 11, Queen-square.
Ambrose Moore, Esq., Endsleigh-street, Tavistock-square.
James Nisbet, Esq., Berners-street, Oxford-street.
CITAIRMAN—The Hon. FRANCIS VILLIERS, Berkeley-square.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMANAES WYLD, Esq., M.P., Charing-crass.
"THE TIMES" COMPANY
Affords Guarantee to persons requiring the same at the lowest
possible rate, and Divides FoUr-iliths of the Profits. Thus by apply-
ing the justly popular principle of Mutuality to Public Guarantee,
the Premiums, instead of being a tax upon honesty, become a
means of saving and investment.
RATES—From 7s. 6d. upwards. No charge for Stamps or extra
RATES—
charges.
An allowance made in the Guarantee Premium where a Life As-
surance and Guarantee ar AS
embined.
LIFE SURANCE.
Life Assurances, Annuities, and Endowments. Payments taken
Monthly as well as Quarterly, Bcc.
Policies Indisputable save in cases of Fraud.
Arrangeinents can be made with this Office to prevent the loss of a
Policy where the Assured is unable, from temporary embarrassment,
to keep up the payments,

H. B. SIIERIDXN, Manager.

NATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION
for MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE, ANNUITIES, &e.,
48, Oraccchurch-street, London.
SAMUEL lIAYHURST LUCAS, Esq., Chairman.
CHARLES LUSHINGTON, Esq., M.P., Deputy-Chairman.
CONSULTING ACTUARY—Charles Ansell, Esq., F.R.S.
Extract from the Report of 1851.
" In the year ending the 20th November, 1851, 1,231 Policies
have been issued, the Annual Premiums on which amount to
18,498/. Os. 6d.
" Since the establishment of the Institution in. December, 1835,
13,729 Policies have been effected, and the Annual Income is
189,240/. Is.
" The balance of receipts over the disbursements in 1851 is
114,623/ 3x. 9d ; and the Capital WOW/ 738,4921. 18s. 4d."
20th November,
The next Quinquennial Division of Profits will be made up to the
1852, and all who effect ASSUIRGCOS before that time
will participate in the profits which may accrue to such policies. :
whose premiums fall due on the 18t January aro re
Members
minded that the same must be paid within thirty days from
read,
and may be had on application
The Report is now rea at the
that date.
Office, or of the Agents in the country.
OSEPH MARSH, Secretary.
Dec. 20, 1851 J

ANCHOR ASSURANCE COMPANY,
67, Cheapside,
Life Assurances may be effected with this 0 ce at the most mo-
derate premiums, while the bonus additions to policies sl
ther to lessen the cost of assurance.
Life Annuities are granted by the Company on terms exceedingly
favourable to the assured.
Prospectuses may be had on application.
T. BELL, Secretary and Actuary.
Chief Agencies—Ducie-place, Manchester ; Exchange-buildings,
; Grey-street, Newcastle-on-Tyne; 5, Grafton-street, Plymouth;
flull
and 6, Liermann-strasse, Hamburgh.

4,1 U N LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
LONDON.
SHARE OF PROFIT IFOUR-FIFTHS. NCREASED FROM ONE-HALF TO
Policies effected with this Society after Midsummer, 1850, and re-
maining in force at each Septennial period of division, will PARTI-
CIPATE IN FOUR-FIFTIIS of the Net Profits of the Society ac-
cruing after Midsummer, 1850, in proportion to their contributions
to those profits, and according to the conditions contained in the
Society'e Prospectus and Act of Parliament.
The Premiums requlred by this Society for insuring Young Lives
are much lower han in many other old-established
m offices,te and Insurers
are fully pion
from all risk by an aple guarane fund, in ad-
dition to the accumulated funds derived from the investments of
Premiums.
CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.

ENGLISH AND CAMBRIAN ASSURANCE
SOCIETY,
CHIEF OFFICE,
9, NEW BRIDGE-STREET, Blackfrlars, London.
BRANCH OFFICES
London-6, Trinity-street, Borough, and 65, Sun-street, Bishops-
gate-street.
Glasgow-65, St. Vincent-street.
Dublin —3B, Lower Ormond Quay.
Norwich-16, St. Giles'-street.
Bury St. Edmunds-18a, Corn Market.
Policies Indisputable. Half premiums taken.
" Diseased" Military and Naval Lives accepted at equitable rates.
Annuities, Endowments, and Loans on the most advantageous
terms.
roof of death.
Claims payable three months after satisfactory p
Profits divided annually after firs t seven years.
C. W. BEVAN. Manager and Actuary.

—MEDICAL ADVICE ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF
TOUT I AND MATURITY.
With PT lY ain Directions for their Prevention and Cure.
published, F
IF
inCOFIr.eOnUe.:II,ELgEINishG,RGALIIN German, Dutch,
DOuNteh, STEEL.Span
Just Spanish, and
Italian, in a Sealed Envelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free from the Author
for Forty-two Stamps,
SELF-PRESERVATION; a
Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on the
Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Materity, usually ac.,
quired at an early period of life, which destroy the phy
mental powers, diminish
and
haust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Pract
diminish and enfeeble the naturical Observations on -
al feelings, and ex
the certain Prevention and successful Treatment of Nervous Debi-
lity, Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis, Stricture, and all
Diseases and derangements resulting from Indiscretion, as adopted
by Lallemand, Ricord, and other eminent members of the faculty of
France. With Fifty coloured Engravings, illustrating the Anatomy,
Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, explaining
their structures, uses, and functions, and the various injuries that
are produced in them by solitary habits. excesses, and infection.
By RAMIEL LA'MERT, M. D..
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society,
Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Member of the Huaterian
Medical Society of Edinburgh, &c., &e.
This work contains a plain and complete description of the ana-
tomy and physiology of the reproductive organs, and of their relative
conditions in health and disease. Dr. La pert, who has taken the
highest medical honours, as evidenced by the diplomas and testimo-
nials inserted in the work, is the only legally qualified medical man
who has exclusively, and for many years, devoted his studies to the
treatment of these complaints. He may be consulted with advan-
tage by all these whose constitutions may have become debilitated
through secret practices acquired in youth, or by the excesses of
later years, whereby the pleasures of life are marred, the objects of
marriage frustrated, and existence itself rendered a terra of unceas
ing misery and regret.
Published by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater-
noster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Starie, Titchborne-street,
Haymarket; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street; Mann, 23, Cornhill ;
or free by post for forty-two stamps, from the author's residence,
who may be consulted on these disorders personally, or by letter,
1 4017, (Nm Ten t4ll TWO, and from as till Eight,

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- -

DEPARTURE OF THE ROYAL MAIL STEAM-SHIP
Ciotruun.—On Saturday, at noon, the British and North
American Royal Mail Steam-ship Cambria, Captain Leitch,
left the Mersey, for Halifax and Boston, with about thirty
passengers, a full general cargo, and the usual mails for the
United Status, Canada, Newfoundland, &c.

CHRONICLE.—If rumour is to be believed,
Lord Palmerston's present feeliags towards Lord J.
Russell strongly resemble those which Lord Thurlow
expressed towards George 111. in 1792, when the
King unexpectedly consented to his unceremonious
dismissal. " I never," was his exclamation, " thought
that he would have parted with me so easily." " No
man has a right to treat another in the way in which
he has treated me ; we cannot meat in the same room
again." So long and so far as the recent change in
the Cabinet shall be discussed as a purely personal
or party question' the chances are that the Premier
will have the worst of the argument, and it will be
no easy matter for him to state the substantial rea-
sons for the move, without a damaging admission of
former error and obstinacy. If we are not misin•
formed, the Viscount may safely call for
formal proofs—in the shape of dispatches or
official communications —for his alleged support of
arbitrary principles or Unconstitutional proceed-
ings in France ; and as to any hasty, ill-con-
sidered, or ill-understood expressions .which he may
have let drop, he will neutralise their force, or boldly
negative any unfavourable inference that may be
drawn from them, by a confident appeal to the broad,
palpable, and recognised features of his policy, from
which he could no longer recede without disgrace.
The data of his alleged personal approval of the coup
di etat —said to be within forty-eight hours after its
occurrence—will go far to mitigate the censures of
his liberal or ultra-liberal friends, and these will
readily accept, as an excuse for such an indiscretion,
his assurance that he hailed the French Dictator
rather as an ettatniaAteasseNallitcal factions—who,
if they had'siOt uppermost; ireftstrre(lie
have co-operated with Russia and Austria—than
as a military autocrat and a budding absolutist. A
schism has already broken out amongst the habitual
supporters of the Government on these points,
and the prudence of lopping off its main limb at
the present juncture is loudly and angrily
disputed by the majority. On the other hand,
most reflecting and disinterested politicians will side
with Lord John Russell, or merely limit their praise
of his late display of firmness and decision by a regret
that it was postponed till so much mischief had been
done. They will understand, in a restricted and qua-
lified sense, the Ministerial announcement that the
business of the Foreign-office, under Lord Granville,
will be conducted as nearly as possible in the same
spirit, and with the same ulterior views, as under his
able, indefatigable, and energetic predecessor. It
can hardly be, meant that there is to be the same
amount or manner of intervention—that weak States
shall be bullied, and strong ones wantonly alienated—
that deceitful encouragement shall be held out to the
discontented of almost every European community—
or that the correspondence with foreign Courts or
diplomatists shall still be marked by flippancy, and
still affect the smartness of a slashing review. Indeed,
Lord Palmerston's avowed principles, considered
apart from his peculiar mode of applying them,
never constituted the whole, or even the chief part, of
the well-founded objections to his statesmanship.
We speak of these, of course, as he and his late col-
leagues have repeatedly described them in unexcited
times; and for the purposes of analysis and apprecia-
tion, we make allowance for the high colouring and
exaggerated glosses of his Radical allies in the famous
Greek debate, as well as at the dinner given to com-
memorate Don Pacifico's short-lived triumph. We
must do his Lordship the justice to say that, with his
usual adroitness, he waved aside the red cap repeatedly
tendered to him on these occasions, and mainly rested
his vindication on his zeal to maintain peace, to pro-
mote freedom, to check oppression, to extend and
confirm the influence of Great Britain, and to place,
by firmness and conciliation, an Englishman of our
day on a level with a Roman of the sera when Rome
was the mistress of the world. He did not tell the
House of Commons, or
his ,host at the Reform
Club, that when what be called firmness and con-
ciliation were put in action, they strongly resembled
the opposite qualities—or that his schemes for
elevating the English tame had made it difficult
for an Englishman to make the continental tour
without annoyance, and bad left the United Kingdom
without one efficient and trustworthy ally. His
sketch of a patriotic Secretary for Foreign Affairs,
therefore, was little better than a fancy piece or an
abstraction ; yet, for that very reason, it may safely
be adopted as a model by Lord Granville, wbom
will be no easy matter to convict of departing from
the " principles" of Lord Palmerston, although, vir-
tually and substantially, the foreign. policy of the
Government may speedily have undergone a whole-
some and fundamental change. Lord Stanley of
Alderley—whose trick of carping at others has caused
his own merits to be undervalued—has chosen to follow
his late chief into retirement; and it is sail that be
will be succeeded by a vefy young peer, who, on two
r three occasions, has given promise of ability in the
Upper House. The omission to confer the vacant
Under-Secretaryship on a Member of the House of
Commons, will certainly add credence to the semi-
official announcement that Lord John Russell intends
to take the personal direction of the most
important duties of the Foreign- office.: If this an-
nouncent has been made with a view of quieting
alarm, or as a guarantee against the recurrence of in-
discretion in this department, we must express our
conviction that it will not be received as such by the
public. No contemporary statesman is more liable to
sudden freaks or escapades than the Prime Minister,
nor less fit to be trusted with the independent and un-
restrained use of pen, ink, and paper. He is fully
capable of provoking princie Schwarzenberg to tell
him sharply to mind his own
business, or of giving
,
Louis Napoleon a rap over the knuckles which would
be answered by a blow. Per hopes are rather pil-
lowed on Lord Granville who, limited as his expe-
rience of official life has been, has given proofs of
tl
temper, tact, diligence, conse
ientiousness, and good
sense. His former residence abroad, and his con-
nexions, must have made well acquainted with
our foreign relations ; and English Minister, with-
out pique to indulge, or self ove to gratify, will not
need or regret the want
of that familiarity with
es
rg
local factions and intrigu,
which has proved
the bane of the discha ed " bottleholder." Su
conferred•offi c
great boon on
far, therefore, as directly concerns the Fos
r e ign
a e ,
re we
at_
Cabinet have
country. They have
removed an insurmountable impediment to the renewal
of an amicable intercourse with the great Powers of
Europe ; and we see no reason why separation from
a colleague, for taking too mPh upon himself in a
very critical conjuncture, eshould be construed into
the expression of an unfriendly feeling towards
France or her ruler. Whether they have materially
diminished their own chances of dissolution, is quite
that
the
another matter. They have lost their right hand,
their mainstay, the keystone of their ill-cemented
arch, and the connecting link between them and one
of the main elements of their stability. Whatever
Tory or Conservative tinge Lord Palmerston may
have retained during his twenty-five years of Whig-
gery " and something more,' he has contrived to
concentrate the attention of a formidable band of
ultra-Liberals on himself as their possible leader,
and should he be tempted to raise an independent
standard, the majority of these might flock to it.
The Protectionists also have begun to speculate on his
co-operation, and some of them think that he and Mr.
Disraeli, being neither of them over-burdened with
scruples, would get en very well together ; but the
Exe oration has been inopportunely revived, and
(what is more to the point) the Viscount is aware
that a Protectionist Government, or any Government
composed of materials furnished by the " country
party," is an impossibility or an absurdity. It will be,
then, most probably from the Liberal camp that he
will march to assail his old colleagues, if he should
assail them ; and w,e are at a loss to see why he
should not, or on what grounds he is expected to limit
his opposition to so much of their future foreign policy
as shall be found to differ from his own. At all
events, the opportunities fur attack that are pretty sure
to be offered by their incapacity will be irresistibly
tempting to a man of his temperament who has rankling
slights to revenge ; and it would be requiring too much
of 'Door human nature to insist on his refraining from
hostile comments on the budgets of Sir Charles
Wood, or „on the colonial administration of Earl
Grey. The short time that remains before the com-
mencement of the session will probably be employed
by the Premier in patching, and mending, and beat-
ing about for recruits. 'But the general conclusion to
which we are irresistibly conducted by a calm and
comprehensive review of the situation is, that, unless
Lord John Russell should suddenly exhibit an almost
miraculous fertility of resources, his Government will
perish like the patient who has postponed) the ampu-
tation of a mortified limb till the vital parts are
affected and his strength is exhausted, and who—
after manfully undergoing the operation—sinks, lan-
guishes, and expires.
HERALD.—The full explanation of the intrigue
—for intrigue no doubt it was—by which Lord Pal-
merston has been sacrificed, must probably after all
our speculations be postponed until Parliament meets.
The appointment of his successor is a subject upon
which we must have a few words. To what is it
that the Earl Granville—a young man of no expe-
rience—who never sat in the House of Commons—
and has had but a few years a seat in the House of
Peers-0 what is it, we ask, that this young noble-

' man, younger in politics than in years—to what is it
that he is indebted in times like the present to his
elevation to an office of so much importance to the
honour and interests of England and England's
Sovereign as the Secretaryship of Foreign Affairs ?
It is not to any public confidence he enjoys at
home. It is not to any reputation he has acquired
abroad. It is not to his experience as a states-
man, nor to his skill as a Parliamentary debater; it
is—let the truth be plainly spoken—it is to the fact
that he is nearly related to the Whig Dukes of
Sutherland and Devonshire ; and by virtue of that
relationship allied to one, if not more, of the three
family clans that, associated into a little clique of
political exclusives, are determined to confine all high
offices in this country to themselves and their rela-
tives and dependents. The Cabinet of Lord John
Russell is a Cabinet of the cousins of two or three
" great houses." The only principle of his Ministry
is to govern the country by the members of the aris-
tocratic cabal into which the followers of these
houses have been formed. An aristocratic connexion
in this quarter is now the only passport to the coun-
cils of the Sovereign. A Cabinet Council is now no-
thing more than " a gathering of the clans." The very
worst kind of exclusiveness . guides the movements
of the Whigs. It is the exclusiveness of a little
knot of itristocratic monopolists, recognising as the
only claim to public office a connexion with their
own circle. The recent additions to the Cabinet, and
now the appointment of Lord Granville to the Fo-
reign-office, emphatically mark the resolution of " the
Council of Ten " to keep the doors of office barred
against the admission to the Council-chamber of any
who cannot qualify by connexion with the family
party that tire p tiohin out the_ Government of this'
aoun lardleatieraton was the
only leading member of the Cabinet who had no re-
lative at the Council board. It is not worth while to
notice the exception of the Chancellor. Every oae
else had a cousin, a father-in-law, a brother-in-law,
or a son-in-law to stand by him. The Privy Seal is
the father-in-law of the Premier—the Chancellor of
the Exchequer brother-in-law of the Colonial Secre-
tary—the Colonial Secretary first cousin of the Howe
—the Chancellor of Lancaster is cousin of the
Foreign. We protest we do not undertake accu-
rately to explain all the degrees of relationship even
between the leading members of the happy family
that are encaged in Downing-street. A genealogist
should be specially devoted to the task. An
hour's study of the " Peerage" will leave any
person who will take the trouble of reading through
the heads of Bedford, Carlisle, Grey, and Minto
under the impression that the recognised qualifica-
tion for a Minister of State is to be allied either by
blood or marriage with one or all of the nurseries of
statesmen which these titles represent. Still less do we
undertake to settle the .degrees of consanguinity
among the inferior personages, those whom we may
call " the filling stuff" of the Cabinet—how Mr.
This is married to Lady Mary That. But sure we
are that there are not four members of the Cabinet
who do not owe their seats at the Council-board to
their "complicity" in that web of family connexions
which has made the higher public employments in
England the patrimony of two or three lordly houses.
This is not even the exclusiveness that would confine
the higher offices to the members of the aristocracy,
though that were intolerable enough. But it is the
exclusiveness that would monopolise them to a mise-
rable section of the aristocracy, to two or three fami-
lies and their connexions. It is an exclusiveness to which
the manhood of the country ought not to submit for one
hour. Regarding, as we do, the conferring of the seals
of the Foreign Department upon Lord Granville as
the indication of a perseverance in this system of
" domestic nomination," and therefore an insult to the
intellect of the nation at large, it is scarcely worth
while to speak of the grave objections which exist to
the appointment itself. Lord Granville may, for
aught we know, combine in his own person all the
talents of all the family party. He may, for aught
any one can say to the contrary, be as discreet as
Lord Minto, as good-tempered as Earl Grey, as wise
as Lord Torrington, or even as able a financier as Sir
Charles Wood. But when the present aspect of Eu-
ropean politics is remembered, we venture to think the
Foreign Secretary of the British Sovereign ought to
have a name that would not be wholly unknown in
European courts. Never was there a time when, as
regards the influence of England abroad, it was more
essential that we should have at the Foreign-office a
statesman of established reputation. Never was there
a time when the people of England ought more ear-
nestly to demand that he should be one in whom
they have confidence. To state these conditions is to
pronounce the condemnation of the appointment of
Lord Granville. Let iv, however, take heart. One
thing, at lease, is gained—no vulgar hands have pro-
faned these seals of office, which are religiously re-
served for the relatives of " men in office." The
mysteries of the Cabinet will not be divulged to those
who can boast no relationship with a Cabinet Mi-
nister. The preserves of " the cousins" are still
rigidly preserved. It is something emphatically to
have taught this sturdy Anglo-Saxon race that to
qualify for the highest offices of the State Parliamen-
tary ability and influence with the country are very
useful accidents ; but the real, the indispensable re-
quisite, is to be related to the family " Council of
Ten." How long will this great country submit to
have its affairs so managed by a little clique, that have
no sympathy from the aristocracy, and who pronounce
the ban of exclusion upon every one that owes his
origin to the people—upon every one, in fact, who
does not belong to the small faction of exclusives,
whom, and whom alone, the compositionof Lord John
Russell's Cabinet represents,.

DAILY NEWS.—The election of Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte, in whatever degree aided by falsification
or intimidation, to be the dictator and legislator of
France, is without doubt one of the mose serious
blows that have ever been dealt to constitutional go-
vernment. We can account for many votes by the
peculiar passions and_ignorance of the class which gave
them. We can understand the Legititnatist voting
for any heirless member, who would undertake to
kill at once every principle of freedom, under republic
or under monarchy. We can comprehend M. Mon-
talembert, who imagines human happiness and virtue
to exist in but two mansions—the barrack and the
cloister. We can understand the Socialist, who, in
no possible contingency, could hope to put his own
principles in practice, and who, therefore, is well
pleased to be avenged of society and of all political
parties, by stifling them. We can understand the
ignorant peasant, the songs and traditions of
whose family are of the Grande Armee, and
who in truth knows no name save that of
Napoleon. And we can also understand the Con-
stitutionalist and Orleanist, who despair of seeing a
monarchy of the middle classes revive till the forward
spirit of liberalism has received the dire lesson of
many years' iron tyranny and exaction. All these,
however, are mean motives to a mean act. And we
believe that a far more universal and predominant
motive than any was the conviction how utterly
hopeless and useless it was to oppose Louis Napoleon's
election, and the inability for any one to see their
way to the substitution of anything else. The army
had decided. For the people to decide anything con-
trary implied resistance to the military power. The
French were no more prepared for that than the
Germans. And they have submitted, as they gene-
rally bear adverse fortune, (with a good face.
Of those parties who, adverse to Louis Napoleon
and to tyranny, have still voted for both in the
vague hope that they may turn to its advantage, the
vulgar Socialists are those least likely to be mistaken.
By vulgar socialists we mean that large body of the
struggling, the needy, and the ignorant, who are dis-
contented with their lot, and who seek by some poli-
tical legerdemain to turn society upside down, and
plant themselves upon the top. Louis Napoleon has
done, or is doing, this for them with quite as much
efficacy as M. Proudhon. The main prop of his power
is the support of the most ignorant of the population
—the common soldiery, and the rustic peasants, and
the monastic clergy. These are are the layers of so-
ciety, well represented by Montalembert and St. Ar-
naud, whom he is putting uppermost. The classes of
society that he is extinguishing and treading down
are the politicians, the professors, the men of letters,
journalists, and in fine, the gentlemen. M. Guizot
raved of a Government of notables and capables.
Louis Napoleon puts" a gag on the mouth of every
one that can pretend ,to either character. It is all
the vulgarity, immorality, and brutality of the
country that is uppermost ; and that stamps its seal
upon every Government act. Look at the arrests
the letters de cachet, forced exile, the extinction of the
press, the restoration of the censorship, even upon
books, the firing into first-floor windows—these all
bespeak the ignorance, the coarseness, the defiance of
decorum, the bachanalian triumph of the lowest class
of mind and lowest class of breeding in the country. It
is in fact sans-culottism, as yet without the guillotine.
It is a serious disaster to have; the political educa-
tion
of a country stopped. With the journals sup-
pressed, books submitted to the censorship,—the gag•
ging of the masters of public instruction,—France
must retrograde if it bears its present yoke long. The
counter revolution in Prussia and in Austria did not
at least, proscribe all the talent of the country. The
bureaucracy of Prussia is able, though despotic. And
even Schwarzanberg availed himself of the Brucks
and the Baches, thrown up by the revolution. But
no ono with a soul or a capacity above that of a

policeman would serve the present French dictator,
who will
,be reduced to find civil employes as well as
military ones by means of the conscription. How
the liberal and educated mind of France is to free
itself from a yoke so galling
and so disgraceful re-
mains as yet a mystery. The unfortunate schism
between the upper and the lower classes,
the propertied and the earning, has deprived
the intellect of the country or its right
arm. And it is by this fearful separation,
to which the upper classes of the French
were not
sufficiently alive these three years past, that
Louis
Napoleon has profited. He is, to some extent, the
people's dictator, and his mission is to scourge the
intelligent, the commercial, and the middles classes.
The balance may for a long time tremble between his
prudence and their impatience; but the day of deci-
sion and of retribution will come. There is one
truth that must impress itself on the mind of every
citizen in Europe, and that is, the impossibility of en-
joying the permanent advantages of 'liberty as long
as rulers can dispose of armies of from three to five
hundred thousand men. This large and disciplined
body is necessarily raised from the most illiterate of
the population. Brute power can be based on it.
And the brute part of Europe must dominate
over its intellectual part until means are found for
all and each country dispensing with an immense
military force. There is no use now in any class,
however numerous, or any party, however well
organised, attempting to effect a revolution until they
are prepared to deal with the army, and shake off that
incubus. We allude not, of course, to such an army
as the British, but to continental armies. The great
question now is- military or non-military rule ? The
military principle predominates ovc,...s_ rope, and:we
very muclyfear may crush in it fesirfaieks or months
whatever remains of constitutionalism in Piedmont,
Belgium or Switzerland. Military predominance is
an inundation that must cover everything below its
level. To oppose it, or erect dykes against it, seems
for the moment impossible. All one can do is to be
prepared for the sinking of the waters, and to labour
for the restoration of constitutional, civilian, pasifio,
and economic systems of government. The task is
not an easy one, the end not to be attained save through
much suffering, and many years of constancy and
labour ; but that it is the chief thing to struggle for
must be evident to one who contemplates the present
state and future prospects of European society.

COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS'
ORPHAN SCHOOL, WANSTEAD.
The anniversary dinner of the friends of this
valuable institution was given on Saturday evening
at the London Tavern ; the Lord Mayor in the chair.
The attendance was very numerous. After the
usual loyal toasts,
The LORD MAYOR remarked that it was a very
gratifying circumstance to him to find himself called
upon so early in his year of office to preside over a
meeting like the present ; but that gratification was
doubled by the fact that the object they had met to
promote was the education and advancement of the
rising generation.—(Cheers.) He felt extremely glad
to see that such an institution had been established by
the gentlemen around him. It was a most important
one, and he congratulated them most heartily on the
success which had crowned their labours.—(Cheers.)
Au institntion which in the fifth year of its existence
could show 112 such children as those he saw before
him was itself the best panegyric upon the ex-
ertions of those to whom it owed its formation.

—(Loud applatse.) Such an institution could
never cease to have claims upon them, especially
as the children it supported and provided with the
means of instruction were the offspring of those
with whom, in times gone by, they bad been in the
constant habit of associating.—(Hear.) He believed
there was no class more entiled to respect than the
great body of commercial travellers. There was no
body to which a greater amount of property was en-
trusted, and none by whom it was held more sacred.
—(Cheers.) He thought they would earn additional
respect and esteem by the efforts they had made for
the education of the orphans of their poorer brethren.
These schools would stand high in this country ; nay,
perhaps they would ultimately become one of the
greatest establishments of the kind in the kingdom.—
(Cheers.) He defied any gentleman to say that some
of the children who would owe their education to this
institution might not some day be called upon to fill
the highest situations in the country.—(bear.) The
instruction they received was of the very best de-
ecription, and none could tell to what distinguished
positions talents developed in the Commercial Tra-
vellers'
ie
Schools
hadln gigrbetatnpoltelaesaudretihneiprroppoosssiensg-
o posses-
sors.—(Cheers.) eehrasn.) i
" Prosperity to the Institution."—(Loud applause.)
s rl
sl . s
Sir J. K. HABERFIELD briefly proposed the health
of the Lord Mayor, who acknowledged the compli-
ment in suitable terms.

sbwpeheTTicinethhhieeeortnlehcish,otyifldoren educated in the institution, who had
been placed in the gallery opposite the chairman,
now sang an effusionrsceuombms
a:
rtracoinaphyptetpihd;
subscriptions
nspo
management
wnaca
dtenaerasttghat
eotie
humtlerhyenoenon:
nfroeoetsafhft
for the
festival,
h,
eaotfuitinelndr.
were
thee
creditable
insti-
tution than the appearance which they presented.
eluded the Lord Mayor, 30 guineas ; Sir J. K.
Haberfield, 30 guineas ; Mr. J. R. Hunter, 20
guineas ; the Sheriffs, Mr. George Brown, Mr.
Howell, Mr. Willcocks, Mr. G. Moore (the treasurer)
PellA r .
(M3rd.
dßitatgog,alAltyr,. Awir..NMicohrroilsson(,2md dr.onßateiodnm)a,
yMner
George Hitchcock, Mr. Bates, Mr. R. Russell, Miss
Emma Dean, of Hull ; Miss Elizabeth Williams, of
Liverpool ; Miss Sarah Ann Leadman, Miss Eliza
'
Daniels, of Shrewsbury; Mr. (xibbs, Mr. Rhodes,
and Mr. Coleman, 10 guineas each ; Messrs. Bishop
and Son (2d donation), 50 guineas ; the National
Mercantile Assurance Office, 100 guineas ; Messrs.
Hooper and Sons, 12 guineas ; Mr. Tilt, 30 guineas ;
Mr. James Hughes, 5 guineas annually, &c., &c.
The Lord Mayor's list amounted to 200 guineas, and
Mr. Morris's to 1491. 2s.i

The LORD MAYOR then proposed the Sheriffs, both
of whom responded.
Mr. SHAW said it afforded him very sincere pleasure
to address them once more in that genuine celebra-
tion of the great festival of Christmas—once more to
see assembled in that room so many members of the
great and important class of commercial travellers
associated to advance the pure and philanthropic
purposes of this excellent institution—once more to
have seen so many cheerful and healthy faces and
happy hearts, when hut for their aid those children
might now have been pining in want, in wretchedness,
in
dthoeo
:sdmi.
oec
evkbdener eft,
before the
their
aahpndeo ds
been
to n
aie misery.—(Loud sdeorarny. (
ne
done
there
htterLu
taken
akeoveendl
thate
remainedr
d
swocheers)
high
u ds
standing
still much
have
edi lui
rehncegh:
to which they were entitled.—(Cheers.) Until
every orphan child received such an education as
should enable him in future life to work out his own

position, until every widow of their order was cared
for, until every distressed brother was relieved, they
would not be true to themselves.—(Cheers.) He
begged to propose the health of their venerable and
excellent president, Mr. Masterman, M.P.—(Cheers.)
The LORD MAYOR then proposed the health of Sir
J. K. Haberfield and the visitors.—(Cheers.)
Sir J. K. lIABERFIELD in returning thanks de-
clared that he had often received much kindness from
commercial travellers, and that he should always be
ready to render suit and service to the institution.
The LORD MAYOR gave the health of Mr. Moore,
the treasurer.—(Loud Cheers.)
Mr. MOORE congratulated the meeting on the fact
that having paid all their bills up, to last night, they
had placed in the funds the handsome sup of 13,5001.
—(Loud cheers.) Two years ago they had com-
menced the building fund, for which they had esti-
mated 12,000/. would be required ; and he had the
satisfaction to inform them that 10,0001. had already
been raised. The subscriptions for the past year
-
amounted to 3,330/. ; donations, 424/. ; building fund,
1,074/. ; dividends, 387/. ; presentations, 2101, ;-- total,
5,425/.—(Cheers.) He had been with a deputation
to Bristol, where he had been most kindly
Sir John K. Haberfield. A public dinner received. 7
at which 120 gentlemen were presentanwdabseg(?_rj
' Moore) returned to town with 700/i; his pock. e..
(Cheers.) At Glasgow they bad received
sum, at Manchester 1,5001, 7001. in
a similar
and Liverpool
_at 6OOl.—
(Cheers.)
would be glad if any would volunteer to
gentlemen .
accompany them. The of boys in the school
had still Yorkshire to visit, and they
number
was 64, and
blessed in
had ueen 3 330. The institution had. been
year k
Of girls 44, -and the expenses for the last
whole four years it bad been established there had
a most remarkable manner, for during the
He considered that
been
the boys were in all probability destined to take a
only one death.—(Cheers..)
very high standing in the commercial world. They
had already placed out eight in advantageous
situations. His own house (Greucock, Cope-
stake, and Moore) had taken one ; Spence Bagally's
bad taken two, Wood and Westhead's a fourth, and
other firms the rest.—(Hear, hear.) He was con-
vinced that no better education could be had than at
the Commercial Travellers' School, and he could
easily foresee that boys who had been brought up in
it would one day occupy a seat at that table.

The healths of " The vice-president and trustees,
and of the board of management" (for whom Mr.
cagey and Mr. A, Moore returned thanks) having