The Sun.
London, England, 1834-10-29 00:00:00

BANKRUPTS.

ROBERT GATENBY, grocer, High-street, Shadwell, to
surrender Oct. 31, at two, and Dec. 9, at twelve, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Abbott, official assignee ; Temple and Shearman,
Great Tower-street.
THOMAS PROSSER, draper, Coleshill, Warwickshire, Nov.
11, and Dec. 9, at twelve, at the Hen and Chickens Hotel, Bir-
mingham. Chilton, Chancery-lane, London ; Benson and Suck-
ling, Birmingham.
JOHN BERKS PEAK, tanner, Market Drayton, Shropshire,
Nov. 7, and Dec. 9, at eleven, at the Roebuck, Newcastle-under-
Lyme. Wilson, King's Bench-walk, Temple, London; Hyatt and
Harvey, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire.
JONATHAN SHAW, corn-factor, Great, Driffield, Yorkshire,
Nov. 4, and Dec. 9, at eleven, at the Kingston Hotel, Kingston-
upon-Hull. Walmsley, Keightley, and Parkin, Chancery-lane,
Loudon ; Scotchburn and Shepherd, Great Driffield, Yorkshire.
DANIEL HARRIS, hosier, Strand, Middlesex, Nov. 8, at two,
and Dec. 9, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Green, King's
Arms-yard, official assignee ; Garrard, Suffolk-street, Pall-mall,
East.
JOSHUA SARFATA DE PINNA, Leghorn hat-broker,
Bucklersbury, Nov. 10, and Dec. 9, at eleven, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Green, official assignee, King's Arms-yard, Cole-
man-street ; Gates, Lime-street.
THOMAS MEREDITH JONES, retail-brewer, Birming-
ham, Nov. 12, at twelve, and Dec. 9, at two, at Dee's Royal
Hotel, Birmingham. Harrison, Birmingham ; Norton and Chap-
lin; Gray's Inn-square, London.
THOMAS PRIESTLEY, woolstapler, Halifax, Yorkshire,
Nov. 7, at three, and Dec. 9, at eleven, at the Talbot Inn, Halifax.
Jaques, Battye, and Edwards, Barnard's Inn ; Mitchell, Halifax.
FREDERICK CHARLES CRANE, surgeon, Upper Bedford-
place, Russell-square, Nov. 8, at one, and Dec. 9, at twelve, at
the Court of Bankruptcy. Gibson, Basinghall-street, official
assignee ; Cheesewright, Birchin-lane.
JOHN WATSON SMITH, ship-owner, North Shields, Nov.
18, at eleven, and Dec. 9, at one, at the Bankrupt Commission-
room, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Clowes, Orme, and Wedlake,
Temple •, Warren, Exeter.
ROBERT SKINNER, baker, Exmouth, Devonshire, Nov. 14,
and Dec. 9, at twelve, at the Half Moon Inn, Exeter. Clowes,
Orme, and Wedlake, Temple, London ; Warren, Exeter.
RICHARD BAILEY, bookbinder, Wotton-under-Edge, Glob-
pestershire, Nov. 11, and Dec. 9, at ten, at the Old Bell Inn, Durs-
ley.; Gloucestershire. Van Sandau, Old Jewry ; Dyer, Wooton.
under-Edge.

DIVIDENDS.
H. Shea, merchant, Dovv-gate-hill, Nov. 19, at eleven, at the
Court of Bankruptcy.
1). Rankin, merchant, Martin's-lane, Cannon-street, Nov. 20,
at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
C. Grill, merchant, Dunster-court, Mincing-lane, Nov. 13, at
ele'ven, at. the Court of Bankruptcy.
1). B. Hole, victualler, Acre-lane, Brixton, Nov. 11, at eleven,
at the Court of Bankruptcy.
S. C. James, pork butcher, Digbeth, Warwickshire, Nov. 21, at
twulve at the Union Inn, Birmingham.
'Manfield and J. Manfield, millers, Thirsk, Yorkshire,
Ib'ec. 18, at eleven, at the Golden Fleece Inn, Thirsk.
H. Perkins, corndealcr, Reading, Berks, Nov. 29, at one, at
the Black Horse Inn, Reading.
T. Waller, leather dealer, Hightown, Yorkshire, Nov. 21, at
the Sessions' House, Wakefield.
A. W. Collard, merchant, Liverpool, Nov. 18, at one, at the
Clarendon-rooms, Liverpool.
CERTIFICATES, Nov. 18.
W. Durrant, brewer, Lindfield, Sussex.
A. Vaudrey, rectifier, Manchester.
J. Back, innkeeper, Aintree, Lancashire.
W. Corp, carpenter, Great Tower-street.
W. R. Williams, spirit-merchant, East Retford, Nottinghamshire.
C. Winn, blank tray-maker, I3irmingharn.
R. Trouson, merchant, Liverpool.
J., J., and T. Hallam, builders, Nottingham.W. Hopkins, miller, Frome Selwood, Somersets`nire.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
J. Macguire and J. Hobbs, tailors, Oxford-street.
J. and T. Agutter, fellmongers, Deptford.
E. L. Richards, W. Bryant, jun., and H. J. Peake, Pyle Iron
Company (so far as regards E. L. Richards).
W. Jolliffe and G. Routh, wine-merchants, Austinfriars.
0., J., and D. Beckett, passenger-brokers, Liverpool.
T. Williams and J. Thompson, warehousemen, Regent-street.
W. Eastman and T. Wrangham, spice-dealers, Turnwheel-lane.
J. Lister and G. Jordan, linen-drapers' Leeds
S. and J. Atherton and W. Tunstall, brewers, Eccleston, Lan-
cashire.
Julia M. Davies and Maria Hinckesman, schoolmistresses, Peck-
ham, Surrey.
J. and R. Green, victuallers, Narrow Marsh, Nottingham.
D. Pinkardton, T. Hall, J. Graham, and J. Hall, burr-dealers,
Liverpool (so far as regards J. Hall).
J. Macfarlane and A. G. Byers, clothiers, Glasgow.
T. Turner and Co., commission merchants, Pernambuco, South
America.
B. Hirst, jun., and E. Skilbeck, cloth-finishers, Huddersfield.

J. and H. Barnes, hoymen, Faversham, Kent.
J.,J. and B. Davies, woollen-drapers, Bristol (as far as regards
J. avies).

SCOTCH SEQ►iESTRATION.
JANNETTE and CHARLOTTE RAE, milliners, Edinburgh
Oct. 31 and Nov. lb, at twelve, in Stevenson's Rooms, Old Sig.
net Hall, Royal Exchange, Edinburgh.

The dinner proposed to be given by the Conserva-
tives at Exeter to Lord Eldon, has broken down. The age
and infirmity of the proposed venerable guest are alleged as
the excuse.

NEW PRIVY COUNCILLORS.—We have a piece
of intelligence this day to communi*ute to the public which
no journal in Ireland for the last one hundred and fifty years
had au opportunity of making—namely, the appointment of
two Roman Catholic noblemen to the Privy Council—namely,
the Earl of Kenmare and Lord Killeen. We need not say
with what delight we make this communication.—Dublin
Evening Post.

FRANCE, SOCIAL, LITERARY, AND POLITICL.
The scope of this work is certainly very extensive, and
every portion of it is combined with some interesting facts.
The reader is conducted through all the images of French
society, their morals, manners, religion, gallantry, drama,
female influence, vanity, crime, old regime, &c. These
sketches possess much character ; that of the Revolution of
1830 is full of accurate information. The popularity of Mr.
H. Bulwer's work may be gathered from the circumstance of
a large impression being absorbed in a very short time.—
Morning Herald.

NEW ROAD.—The new road from Abergavenny to
Llanmyhangel is now nearly complete, and will shortly be
opened. Running between that beautiful bill the Great
Shyrrid on the one side, and the Derry, the Brynarrow, and
the lofty summit of the Sugar-loaf, on the other, it will form
another delightful ride in the neighbourhood of Abergavenny.
It is expected that those connected with the road from Llan-
rayhangel to Monmouth Cap will now come forwa:d, and im-
prove their line of road ; which will give to the public a very
excellent road from Abergavenny to Hereford.—Cambrian.
LIVERPOOL COTTON-MARKET, OCT. 27.—Our
Cotton Market to-day has been rather quiet, but prices parti-
cularly firm. Sales 2,500 to 3,000 bags, 700 American on
speculation:-60 Pernams, 13d. to 13d.; 80 Maranhams,
13d. to 130. ; 100 La Guayra, 10Id. ; 500 Orleans, Bad. 4 to
101 d. ; 1,200 loweds, 81-d. to 91d. ; 800 Alabamas, 8-4-cl. to
; 60 Surats, 6d. to 6id.

DECLARATION OF THE CHAMBER OF COM-
MERCE, OF HAVPX, DATED HAVRE, OCT. 14.
" Monsieur le M'mistre—We have read with all
the attention required. by the importance of its object
the circular which your Excellency did us the honour
of addressing us on the 20th of last September. The
utility of well-directed inquiries, in order to prove facts
intended to serve as a basis for the decisions of the
legislative authority, has long been evident to us, and
we have never let slip an opportunity of occasioning
them, nor yet of applauding the acts of those Minis-
ters who have established them ; let us, nevertheless,
be allowed to express en passant our regret at learning
that sometimes inquiries, which had been carried on
with the greatest care, afterwards remained buried
without the least advantage among the papers- of the
Ministerial departments.
" In the very beginning we were painfully affected by
seeing such serious and important questions as those
of iron and coal entirely passed over.
" Nevertheless, if, in receiving the assurance that
the conviction of Government is established, we were
authorized to believe that it intends to propose to the
Chambers a great reduction in the present duties, we
should abstain from making any observations ; but if
we, on the contrary, are to infer from the refusal of
further information, that the existing duties are to be
maintained, we should then consider it to be our duty
to express our opinion forcibly—viz., that much re-
mains to be said on the subject. In fact, there is not
one manufacturing interest on which the inquiry is to
take place which is not greatly interested in having
these two principal agents placed within its reach at
the cheapest price possible, and which is not conse-
quently fully provided with a new mass of special
facts to support the demands, made on all sides, for
the reduction of the duties on the two above-men-

tioned articles. We are consequently convinced that,
although the questions of iron and coal are not among
those on which the inquiry is to take place, neverthe-
less fresh motives for abandoning the system hitherto
followed with respect to these two articles, will be the
result of the investigation.
" The nature of the commercial operations of Havre
does not allow it to express a developed opinion on
the divers manufacturing interests which are to form
the object of the inquiry ; we, consequently, shall dis-
pense with indicating persons who might be examined,
and with sending a delegate to represent us. Never-
theless, we cannot observe on this solemn occasion a
silence which might be attributed to an indifference,
which is assuredly very distant both from our thoughts
and feelings, but we shall confine ourselves to some
general observations.
" Prohibitions were established in order to preserve
native manufacturers from the competition which they
would meet with by the introduction of similar pro-
duce which foreigners might be able to supply, either
of a superior quality, or, above all, at a cheaper rate.
No one, however, attempts to deny their being an ex-
cessive impediment to trade, nor that it is the duty of
Government to restrict them as much as the manufac-

turing interests can allow them. We consequently
cannot but applaud the desire manifested by your cir-
cular relative to acquiring, in that respeet, full infor-
mation relative to the real interests and wants of the
manufacturers. It appears to us, that previous to re-
moving the prohibitions existing in our tariff's, a
first condition should be fulfilled, which is to place
the manufacturers, inasmuch as that depends on Go-
vernment, in a similar situation to their competitors.
Thus, for instance, in the raw materials cotton
and wool, the English manufacturer pays but a duty
of 2s. 11d. per cwt. on cotton from the United States,
which is equal to 7f. 19c. per 100 kilogrammes, while
the French manufacturer has to pay 22f. The duty
on wool in England is never allowed to be exceed
1-12th of its value, or 8 1-3 d per 100, while foreign
wool, on being introduced into France, is taxed at 20,
or more properly speaking at 22 per cent. of its value.
If the English tariff with respect to all dyeing articles
employed by manufacturers be compared with ours,
differences more or less great will everywhere be found.
This comparison has been made, and we cannot avoid
referring to it ; and we are obliged to refer to it, as
those important, those vital questions of coal and iron
present themselves.
" But we shall be told that it is possible, without
having recourse to a reduction of the tariff on all the
articles which are required by our manufacturers, to
proteet the interests of our manufacturers by heavy
duties on foreign produce of a similar nature. We do
not consider this compensation to be an exact one ; it
must be constantly borne in view that the effect of
heavy Customs duties is to encourage smuggling ;
now, nothing can be more injurious to the interests of
our manufacturers than the clandestine introduction of
foreign produce, since it overturns all the combinations
of regular trade.
We shall not proceed any further on this subject :
the short reflections we have just made will certainly
be properly understood both by you, M. le Ministre,
and by the Members of the Board. We are con-
vinced that you and they will pay attention to the ques-
tions we have just indicated, and on which persons
more eloquent than we will not fail to express their
sentiments. [Here follow the Signatures.
REPLY OF M. DUCHATEL.

" PARIS, OCT. 18.
(t Gentlemen,—I have attentively and carefully
read your reply to my circular of the 20th of Sep-
tember, and I thank you for the observations and infor-
mation it contains.
I trust that the painful sentiment you felt on ob-
serving that the questions of coal and iron were not
among those forming the object of inquiry has disap-
peared on reflection. You have certainly understood
that my not including these questions in the inquiry
does not exclude them in any manner from the customs'
law, and that it merely considers the information suffici-
ently advanced to be able to be terminated by ordinary
administrative means, and without a further inquiry,
which would again delay the solution of the question.
Besides, I did not pretend to say that an inquiry could
not throw any fresh light on the iron and coal tariff's.
There is evidently a direct connexion between the
question of the divers manufacturing interests, into
the state and conditions of which the inquiry is to take
place, and that of coal and iron, as well as of the other
raw materials.
" I have the same observation to make respecting
your statement on raw materials. There is such an inti-
mate connexion between the materials employed in a ma-
nufacturing branch and the situation that branch is
placed in, that an inquiry on manufactured produce
necessarily embraces the principal facts relative to raw
materials. Everything is connected and linked in the
manufacturing interest ; and it seems to me, that in-
stead of seeing in an inquiry on manufactured objects
an exclusion given to raw materials, it would, perhaps,
have been more natural to have found in it an oppor-
tunity of showing the influence that the duties affect-
ing those materials may have on the manufacturing in-
terest. I must add, that in another point of view, it
cannot have escaped your sagacity, that the distinction
established between raw materials and manufactured
produce is arbitrary and relative ; the productions of
the soil are as much the creation of labour as are
manufactured goods, and there are very few objects
which are not at the same time manufactured goods, if
they be considered relatively to the labour which has
created them, and raw materials, if they be considered
relatively to the labour which they may be submitted
to afterwards. Manure, pasturage, &c., are the raw
materials of wool ; fleece wool is the raw material of
spun wool, spun wool, in its turn, is placed in the same
situation with respect to tissues ; and if we were to pro-
ceed further in this continual concatenation, what
transformations do not the tissues undergo before they
attain the last form in which they are employed by the

consumer.
"The Minister of Commerce, T, DU CHATEL

( From a Morning Contemporary.)
A report prevailed yesterday (Sunday) of another sur-
prise of an advanced guard of General Lorenzo's by the
Carlists under Zumalacarreguy at a place called Abarozzo,
in the direction of Pampeluna, but the account exhibited
such grossly evident features of exaggeration that I thought
it worse than useless to send it till it assumed something of
a more truth-resembling character. The account stated
that the troops of Lorenzo had been surprised at a moment
when their arms were piled and the men occupied in pre-
paring their dinners, that the Carlists rushed in upon
them, made no prisoners, but killed 1,000 men, and took
away all the arms. That there has been a surprise or
affair between the above-mentioned Chiefs, and at the time
and place in question, seemed to-day to be believed even
by those friendly to the Queen's cause, though as yet no
official intelligence whatsoever has been received here
respecting it. I have spoken to an officer of the
cavalry of the Royal Guard of Madrid, who arrived
here this morning from that city with letters for Ge-
neral Mina. He states that on his way he heard
of the above-mentioned affair in the following terms :
That an advanced guard of Lorenzo's division had been
suddenly fallen upon, and when least expected, by the Car-
lists ; that in the first moments of confusion some 100 or
150 men had been killed and wounded, but that four com-
panies of Christino grenadiers coming up, the Carlists, in
their turn, had to suffer a severe loss, and were, as usual,
induced—" nothing loth "—to take to their favourite po-
sition, the highest parts of the fiMuntain. This officer also
mentioned that he had heard that Jaureguy (El Pastor)
bad recently sent an escort of 40 men from the neigbour-
hood of Bilboa with his sister and a deputy of the Cortes,
who were desirous of going to Madrid ; that the party was
surprised by the Carlists ; and that not only every man
of the escort, but the lady and the deputy, were mas-
sacred in cold blood by these merciless and unmanly
miscreants. The same officer asserted what, at first
sight, would appear to be an exaggeration, judging from
the bloodless nature of the fights that have signalized
this war, that the loss of the Queen's troops, since the
commencement of the insurrection, has been, in killed,
missing, disabled from further service by wounds or
maladies resulting from over fatigue, sick and dead in
hospitals, &c., as much as twelve thousand. This appears a
large number ; but he gave it, as he affirmed, on the faith
of official documents. Recent letters from St. Sebastian
describe that town as in a state of the strictest and even
most ludicrous blockade by the Carlists. When cabbages
are wanted for the olla podrida from the adjoining fields, in
sight of the walls, they are obliged to be cut under the pro-
tection of a military guard, and escorted into town with all
the honours of war. Clean shirts, too, are at an exceeding
high premium, as the Carlists will not suffer the washer-
women to enter the town to bring away the soiled linen, or if
they do, it is with the Machiavelian intention of making
the said Christino linen change its political principles, and
enter into active service in the cause of Don Carlos. Even
the Sebastian dandy, who by some extraordinary and praise-
worthy efforts contrives to exhibit at rare and distant epochs
a clean shirt, becomes an object of suspicion to his fellow-
townsmen—the white linen, in their eyes, being an indica-
tion that he must have some secret understanding with,
and be particularly favoured by, the otherwise foul-linen-
loving facciosos. The road from St. Sebastian to the French
frontier is absolutely impracticable, from the wandering
bands of insurgents or brigands who infest it. But a few
days ago a quantity of shoes, shirts, &c., for the army was
to be sent from Passage to St. Sebastian. 200 Urban Mi-
litia, who accompanied the mules laden with the clothing,
were attacked in the neighbourhood of Lequietio by the
Carlists, six of them killed, the rest put to flight, and the
shoes and shirts forcibly enlisted in the insurgent cause.
The following details of the appearance and progress of
the cholera at Bilboa have been communicated to me by
an intelligent young Englishman, a resident in that town
for the last 15 months, and who has arrived here after a
ten days' quarantine at a lazaretto at the mouth of the
Adour. As he paid particular attention to the subject
during the fatal visit of that mysterious malady, the facts
here noted down may prove not devoid of interest. About
the 25th of August suspicions were begun to be enter-
tained that the cholera had arrived at Bilboa ; but as for
several days there were only a few isolated cases in parts
of the town distant from each other, but little alarm was
created, and it was hoped, and almost believed, that the
cases which had occurred were not decidedly those of ma-

lignant or Asiatic cholera. However, but a short time
elapsed before those who entertained that belief had a cruel
and terrible proof of its unsoundness. Friday; September
12th, five deaths took place. The next day, Saturday,
September 13th, the temperature rose rapidly, and the heat
became so intense and intolerably oppressive, that many
persons resident in Bilboa, who had formerly lived in the
Havannah, declared that they had never in the latter burn-
ing climate felt so great a heat. At half-past 5 p.m. on
that day the thermometer in the shade stood at 124 degrees
Fahrenheit. The sun was not to be seen, being completely
obscured by thick masses of heavy lurid clouds, and the
south-west wind which prevailed was so hot that on turning
the corner of a street, and encountering a current of air, the
sensation was as if a quantity of warm greasy water had
been thrown in your face, and which sensation was almost
instantaneously followed by a desire to vomit. A singular
circumstance was observed on this day, and which con-
tinued until the disease had entirely lost its intensity, and
was almost extinct. That circumstance was the instan-
taneous and total disappearance of all the sparrows to a
bird, not even one solitary sparrow on the house-top was
afterwards, until the cholera had nearly ceased, to be seen
in Bilboa, which is rather celebrated for the numbers in
which these saucy, but as it now appears eminently saga-
cious (at least as far as a prescience of the Asiatic cholera
goes), plumed bipeds congregate. A similar flight of the
sparrows, from the intensity of the cholera, was observed to
have taken place at Granada, which is the town in Spain
the most frequented and beloved by the feathered tribes.
At Bilboa, on this occasion, the flies also, which previously
had been in myriads, disappeared almost entirely, and the
few that remained were seen adhering in a half torpid state
to the glass of the windows, on which, when they fell from
it, there were observed traces of a white slimy matter.
The most fatal days of the visit of the cholera to Bilboa
were Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, ' the 13th, 14th,
and 15th of September. During these three days the ma-
lady raged with unsparing violence, setting at nought all
and every kind of treatment. Of the number attacked
durinc, that period scarcely 10 escaped. The deaths were—
Saturday to Sunday, 116 ; Sunday to Monday, 94 ; Mon-
day to Tuesday, 73. From this last-mentioned Tuesday
the disease decreased daily in its destruction (with the ex-
ception of two days, Saturday, September the 20th, and
Monday, the 21st, when the number of deaths increased
instead of diminished), until Sunday, September 27, on
which day but three deaths took place, and the next day
none. The remedies which had been found most effica-
cious in London and Paris were, it appears, not only power-
Less at Bilboa, but injurious, for most of those who were sub-
jected to the strongly stimulative treatment of the English
faculty, as well as those who underwent the profuse bleed-
ing and ice-cold applications practised and recommended by
Dr. Broussais, were rapidly carried off. The most effec-
tual remedy was found to be the common (unpurified as
the Spaniards use it) green olive oil given in large and
repeated doses until vomiting ensued, in conjunction
with frequent clysters of rice-water and laudanum, till
the diarrhoea was stopped. The sure and invariable
sign of approaching dissolution was the body from
the waist upwards being bathed in a profuse chilly
perspiration, whilst the lower extremities were stif-
fened in the coldness of death. If after the cessa-
tion of the cramps, which constantly took place be-
fore death, the perspiration on the upper part of the body
was abundant and warm, it was an almost certain indica-
tion of the rapid recovery of the patient. The proportion,
or rather disproportion, of the mortality between the sexes,
was as great as two-and-a-half women to one man. The
deaths amongst the children were few in proportion. Of
the 1,000 soldiers in and about Bilboa 300 were sick in the
hospital when the cholera appeared ; but very few of the
able-bodied or healthy soldiers were attacked, whilst about
150 of the sick perished. The rapidly-destructive progress
of the disease in some cases was perfectly appalling. One
case out of many will suffice to give an idea of it. A re-
spectable merchant, a young man known to the gentleman
who has furnished me with these details, breakfasted in
apparent good health at 12 o'clock ; towards one he com-
plained of indisposition, took to his bed, and by a quarter-
past two was a corpse, and his body in so rapid a state of
decomposition, that it became necessary to hurry it almost
instantly to the burial-ground. So that at noon he was
full of life and apparent health, and at four o'clock the
same day he was kneaded into a cold and senseless clod of
the valley.
It may not be out of place to state that the attacks of
the cholera at Bilboa were not, as in other places, directed
more particularly against any special rank or class of per-
sons ; it disseminated its subtle and hideous poison with
almost rigid impartiality amongst high and low, rich and
poor. It is also to be remarked, that every inhabitant of

It may not be uninteresting at the present moment
to place before the reader a sort of bird's-eye view of
facts and. dates. The House of Lords, the House of
Commons, and other contiguous buildings occupied the
site of the old Royal Palace of Westminster, first built
by Edward the Confessor. This Palace, which in-
cluded Westminster Hall, the two Palace-yards, and
great part of Abingdon-street, stood close to the banks
of the Thames. The Legislative Assembly of Eng-
land long before it became divided into the two Houses
of Lords and Commons was held in a part of the an-
cient Palace, though not in that portion of it now under
consideration. Westminster Hall was built by Wil-
ham Rufus in the year 1097 and 1098 ; and- there on
his return from Normandy in the year after its comple-
tion, " he kept his feast of Whitsuntide," says Stowe,
" very royally." Old New Year's Day, 1236, Henry
111., in celebrating the coronation of Queen Eleanor,
entertained 6,000 poor men, women, and children,
within its walls. The Hall was repaired and enlarged
by Richard 11. in 1397 ; and it was then called the
New Hall Palace, to distinguish it from the Old Palace
at the south end of the Hall. In ancient times the
King administered justice in person in this Hall ; Par-
liaments have frequently sat in it ; and by many it is
expected to be so again appropriated, until new build-
ings for the accommodation of the Legislative Assem-
blies shall have been erected. Until the time of Ed-
ward 111. the Lords and Commons constituted only one
House ; a separation then took place ; and afterwards
the Commons used to sit in the Chapter. House be-
longing to the. -adjoining. Abbey till the period of the
Reformation. St. Stephen's Chapel was then granted
for that purpose : and from that time till the present it
has been so occupied almost without interruption.
St. Stephen's Chapel, adjoining the south-east
angle of the Hall, at the north end of the old Palace,
was founded by King Stephen, and dedicated by him
to St. Stephen, the proto-mnartyr. When thus form-
ing part of the Palace of Westminster, St. Stephen's
Chapel was not a place of promiscuous worship, but
was sanctified to the devotions of the Monarch and his
household. In 1347 Edward 111. rebuilt this Chapel
in a very magnificent manner, converted it into a Col-
legiate Church, and placed therein a Dean, twelve
secular Canons, twelve Vicars, four clerks, six choris-
ters, a verger, and a chapel keeper. Its annual revenues
at the suppression amounted to 1,085/.los. sd. Being
surrendered to Edward VI. it was appropriated for the
reception of the Commons of England, who have ever
since continued to meet therein, except when sum-
moned by the King to Oxford. An old view from the
Thames, taken before the towers of Westminster

Abbey were erected, represents the shore as bounded
by a wall from Cannon-row beyond St. Stephen's
Chapel, with trees interspersed ; the chapel itself with
pinnacled _buttresses on the sides and angles, arid
double range of windows, marked with ramified mul-
lions, which were, subsequently, on the east end con-
verted into a basement row of plain pointed, with a
second square, and a third large> The battlements
were bounded by two octagonal turrets, each sur-
mounted with a cupola. Some years since the whole
was adorned, under the direction of the late Mr. Wyatt,
with minute ornaments and tracery in the pointed style
of Henry VII. Until recently the west front of this
venerable chapel, with its fine gothic window, was
nearly entire. _ _

Between this window and the lobby of the House
of Commons was a• small vestibule, in the same style,
and extremely beautiful. The lobby communicated
with the Speaker's House by a beautiful cloister, which
was erected by Dr. Chambers, in the reign of Henry
VIII. It was at the very entrance of -the lobby that
the Right Hon. Spencer Percival was shot by the
assassin Bellingham on the 18th May, 1812.
Beneath the House, in passages or apartments ap-
propriated to various purposes, were considerable re-
mains, in admirable preservation, of an under chapel
of curious workmanship ; with one side of a cloister,
the roof of which was scarcely surpassed in beauty by
that of Henry the Seventh's Chapel.
The old House of Commons was formed within St.
Stephen's Chapel, chiefly by a floor raised above its
pavement, and by an inner roof considerably below the
ancient one. In the year 1800, on the Union with
Ireland, it was found necessary to enlarge the building ;
and this was accomplished by- taking down the entire
side walls, except the buttresses which supported the
anginal roof, and erecting others beyond them so as to
I give room for one additional seat in each of the re-
cesses between the buttresses thus formed. When
the wainscoting wss removed for this purpose the walls
were found to be covered with oil paintings, many of
them in perfect preservation. There were also many
fine specimens of carving, gilding, and sculpture, all
of them replete with interest, not only from their in-
trinsic beauty, but as showing the state of the fine arts
in the time of Edward the Third.

Since the period alluded to various alterations have
been made in the ceiling and roof, for the better venti-
lation of the House, which was one of the first of our
public buildings that was illuminated with gas.
The Speaker's house, pleasantly situated near the
Thames, was anciently a small court of the Palace.
It was considerably enlarged, altered, and ornamented
under the directions of the late Mr. Wyatt, about the
year 1803.
To the south, adjoining 'Westminster Hall, was the
1-louse of Lords ; an oblong room, rather smaller than
that in which- the Comthons met. The front, next to
Abingdon-street, was decorated with pinnacles. It
consisted of a colonnade, connecting the two entrances,
namely, that for the King and his train on state occa-
sions, and. that for the Peers. In the years 1822, 3,
and 4 the King's Entrance was rebuilt under the
direction of Sir John Soane, R.A. The new work
consisted of a magnificent staircase, leading to a
splendid gallery divided by scagliola columns, of the
lonic order, into three principal compartments ;
the central one lighted by a large and elegant
cupola, and the others by smaller lantern lights. This
gallery opened into the Painted Chamber, through
which his Majesty was accustomed to pass to his
Robing Room, and -thence to the House of Lords.
The Painted Chamber which was built and orna-
mented in Henry the Third's time, was a long lofty
room, lighted by pointed windows, and was used as
the place for conferences between the Lords and Com-
mons. Its walls were originally painted, by command
of Henry the Third, with the Taking of Antioch and
other subjects. It was in this Chamber that the death
warrant of Charles the First was signed.
The interior of the House was formed out of that
spacious apartment of the old Palace called the Court
of Requests. It was ornamented with curious tapes-
-try, representing the Defeat of the Spanish Armada in
1588. This tapestry was wrought in Holland, and,
according to some writers, it was the gift of the States
to Queen Elizabeth ; but others say that it was fur-
nished at the. cost (1,8001.) of the Lord High Admi-
ral, Howard of Effingham, afterwards Earl of Notting-
ham. This apartment as well as the House of Com-
mons, was repaired, &c., at the time of the Union
with Ireland. In 1820 it was newly fitted up, and a
throne of a most splendid description was erected in-
stead of the elevated arm chair before used as the seat
of the Monarch.
The room in which the Peers sat did not occupy
the whole of the Court of Requests, part of the north
end having been formed into a lobby, by which the
Commons were accustomed to pass to the Upper
House ; and the height was reduced by an elevated
floor of wood over the original stone pavement. It was
in this lobby that the late dreadful conflagration com-
menced. The flues for warming the House ran be-
neath the stone pavement ; by an excess of heat the
stone was shattered, and thus the fire was communi-
cated to the oaken floor above.
The vault called Guy Fawkes' Cellar, under the
House of Lords (or Court of Requests), was the kit-
chen of Edward the Confessor's Palace. This cellar
is, we believe, still preserved.