The Sun.
London, England, 1856-08-01 00:00:00

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efieavetiagliongland, "crowned withefr,Nheilslws:of moderate
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" bathed by the showers of the Atlantic,"—though
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(1111111111.. we will not lay much stress on this peculiar attrac-
tion—" cultivated more extensively than other
lands, and producing those Unequalled breeds of
. animals which- flourish only in healthy places,"
enjoys a salubrity beyond any of those countries
to which the flight of English pleasure-seekers is -
directed. Why not, then, recur. to the habits of
the old times, and travel about England, of which
some of our co, tr men know much less than of
the Rhine, t1.,-..; .I"'t.,e, and the Tastes ? ---..-
In the days of the Georges T \pi.' 'S
fashionable with its own people ; ,'oseph Andre:;
and Humphry Clinker travelled ab-lit England;
poets celebrated Richmond-hill and Grongar-hill ;
' Price on the Picturesque" extolled our native
hills and dales, and would have been indignant at
the idea that any mere foreign fountains like the
Alps • could be compared with them. But those
were times when war and bad roads kept people at
home, when a great lord and his household could
not go down to the north without * -spending
some hundred; of pounds on the journey, and
Chiswick or Sion were consequently preferred as
residences. The aristocracy went to English sea-
side places and drank English waters, which, to do
them justice, are not nearly so abominable as
those of Germany. Consequently, the rest of the
world did the same. After all, our people are very
easily satisfied, as any one who notices them at a
tragedy or a display of Government illuminations
must perceive. They generally admire pretty
much what they are told, and, if assured on the
faith of a respectable publisher that "the wind-
ings of the river above the town are considered
to constitute a most chain:l;llg effect" as any home,
locality, they will go in a fly to see the view and
return as.much delighted as if it were in Switzer-
land or the Tyrol, while in the end a great deal of
money will be saved. We know, indeed, that it is
not mere change of place and air that hard-worked
Euglishmioit'votie after a year or two of residence
in their own land. The d ffereme of scene, lan-
guage, and manners, those influences which a
nigher class of architecture- aad a more general
diffusion of taste and artistic "feeling exert, are all
_attractions to pFoplat aylipAave so much monotr

[PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD•

sparingly denounced the system. to which it is
attributable.

•
( li•onv the Morning Herald of this day.)
Our readers will not have forgotten our com-
ments on that declaration appended to the treaty
of Paris by which Lord Clarendon took upon him-
self to abolish the law of England as fur as it re-
lated to the employment of our maritime power in
time of war. They will remember the very copious
extracts we gave from law authorities, from the
despatches of former statesmen, and from the cor-
respondence of such naval heroes as Nelson, as well
as the arguments with which we accompanied this
overwhelming mass of authority, all tending to
prove certain posibions which we then enumerated,
and some of which we will hero repeat.
First, that the right of search for and seizure of
enemies' property in neutral vessels is a perfect
and natural right inherent in war itself; that the
application of the right of confiscation of enemies'
goods has never been disputed by land, and that to
deny its enforcement by soa is to withdraw all
maritime power from a nation possessing it.
Secondly, that this right has never been disputed
to England save by Russia, or by powers influ-
enced by Russia, and leagued together under her
auspices.
Thirdly, that' at the commencement of the war
with Russia this right was waived by English Mi-
nisters, in virtue of a secret understanding with
that power ; and that at the conclusion of the war
it was abandoned by the English ambassador, with-
out the consent of the Parliament, and without
setting forth the authority of the Crown.
Now it is very obvious that a nation can be in no
safe state when it is possible that such changes can
bei- made without meeting at.:ehee with the m9st-
comPlete-111d,DidelAkvflAtaAAr---ge•-1-th.;z

LP rawmeu_riz vrt.
`tacit "fidmission of them, and we repeat; that if there
were no (Abel.' element of danger to England exist-
ing this alone would be sufficient to cause the very
gravest reflection. -
That it should be possible for a minister of state
to be charged with treasonable connivance with a
foreign power is tantamount to saying the nation is
in the condition of a man who is informed that his
servant is daily mingling deleteriOus drugs with his
food, and who yet is unwilling to bring to an issue'
a question which concerns his own life.
This brings us at once to the question that we
have recently called attention to—that all this
danger, air-this violation of law, all this insecurity
and wrong, would be prevented by revertingto the
ancient practice of giving the Council of her Ma-
jesty a prior knowledge of what the Executive in-
tend to carry into effect.
Had the Privy Council been assembled by her
Majesty to take into consideration the proposals of
Russia for peace, it is perfectly obvious that (omit-
ting for the present any mention of the clauses of
the treaty itself) no such declaration as that made
by the Earl of Clarendon would have been possible.
As it is, 'England is placed in the position of
being compelled to accept whatever the purpose of
one man chooses to inflict upon her. There may,
indeed, be after-expostulation and after-protest ;
but that protest has no further result than to bring
into comparison the patriotism of those who make
it, and their utter powerlessness to use that pa-
triotism to any good effect.

feTv -VigiFirliniffelfee. I.n crossing the Charlet
we, feel an, escape from. the necessity of having all of
us to do the same things in the same way—from
the weariness of the 'English weekday and the dul-
ness of the English Sunday. The tourist's life
abroad is a kind of primitive existence ho dresses
as he likes, eats when he is hungry, drinks when
he is thirsty—which, as a general rule, is somewhat
often—and in this very contrast to his ordinary life
consists much of the relaxation which his trip
affords. .But still it cannot be doubted that many
go abroad who care little for what they will see on
the continent. Families who would be much more
comfortable and happy in their own island think
it necessary to follow the general example, and the
mania for annual travelling is communicated from
one to another until it has become almost part of
the nature of the people.
Now, we can scarcely doubt that much of this
wandering is the result of insufficient attractions at
home. It is not that nature has done little for us ;
the country is beautiful, our mountains and lakes
are at least finer than any that two-thirds of the
kingdoms of Europe can boast ; the British islands
are not a vast plain, such as extends over Northern
Europe as far as the Ural Mountains; the climate
is, as we said before, the most healthy in the world ;
why, then, do not the people prefer their os
country ? In a great measure because our water-
ing places have not kept pace with the require-
m nts of visitors. There is neither accommoda-
tion nor amusement. Why should the English-
man t%it,li a few weeks to spare and a moderate
sum to spend go to any place within the limits of
the four sees ? lie knows beforehand what he has
to expect. His choice is between a lodging-house
on some " Marine Parade," with a harpy landlady
by day and insect visitants by night to disturb his
peace, or one of the hotels, where, with great dis-
play of plate and pomp of waiters, everything is
cord, uncomfortable, and extortionately dear.
Amusement there is positively none. Even the
recreations of past times have been put an end to
by the denunciations of some powerful preacher,
whose performances are the nearest approach to
theatrical representations suffered in the place.
The visitors lounge about, bathe, read last year's
novels, and wish the day at an end. The conse-
quence is they will not come again, and year by
year the town, with its fine sands and bracing air,
becomes more squalid, dreary, and desolate. Could
not something be done to attract the world ? A good
hotel is a great want, and one of the best services
which limited liability could render would be to
supply an establishment which should be able to
rival in comfort, excellence, a'id cheapness the
hotels of the continent and the New World. The
backwardness of this country in such accommoda-
tion is one of the most surprising things in our
civilisation ; for, much as is talked of the domestio
habits of the English, they are certainly becoming
yearly more and more restless and gregarious, and
any one who observes their enjoyment of foreign
sociability when released from the restraints of their
own indigenous habits will be disposed to believe
in the success of any one who will give them on
their own ground what they now compass sea and
land to obtain. In increasing the attractions of our
places of summer residence, both by providing good
accommodation and cheerful amusement, lies the
chance of diverting our countrymen from a habit
which, it must be confessed, is now running into
excess.

Far different Would be the case if measures were
discussed by the Queen in Council assembled. No
charge of connivance with an enemy could then be
brought against a minister, further than for the
individual advice he himself gave. Other coun-
cillors, other men of honour and ability, would hays
the opportunity of testing the habitual character of
his advice, and resisting it if injurious ; nor could
her Majesty's name and authority then be degraded
and made the scape-goat for—to use her own words
—"important decision 3 with which she has not
•= .n acquainted," and for " measures which have
n arbitrarily altered by the minister."
ave given one illustration of the absolute
".. ty; for the eitsteration of the functions of the
vy Council. Need we multiply them.
The examination of Lord Palnierston's whole
career will afford abundant matter for example.
Take, for instance, the Turkish commercial treaty
of 1838. Had that matter been discussed in Council
assembled, could any one have failed to see that it
was not in the interests of England, but in those of
Russia, that Lord Palmerston was stipulating for
prohibitory duties on Turkish grain.
Could the Affghan war or the China war have
occurred had they been so discussed ? Could such
a treaty as the Danish treaty of 1852 been nego-
tiated had all its provisions been previously made
clear to every one of her Majesty's Privy Coun-
cillors ?

Would Italy have been insurrectionised in 1848?
Would Lombardy, and Hungary, and Austria her-
self have been betrayed by Lord Palmerston, had
there been a Queen and Council cognisant of his
transactions ?

It is scarcely needful to pursue the subject far-
ther. On the one hand, there is a country bound
hand and foot, and delivered hopelessly over to a
minister who is betraying it ; on the other, there
is the means of letting light into the chaos of
Ifreaehery, and rendering the malversations of the
minister impossible, by giving men of honour a prior
knowledge of his fatal designs.

BOYDELL'S NEVER-ENDING RAILWAY

APPARATUS.

(Prone the Times.)

The quarterly return of the Registrar-General is
this time a most gratifying document. After all
we have heard within the last two years of want,
disease, and mortality, it is an agreeable change to
turn to the narrative of national health and increase.
Seldom were facts and figures more pleasant read-
ing. The number of marriages celebrated in the
first quarter of 1856 is above the average. More
boys and girls were born alive and registered than
in any previous three months in the history of Eng-
land. The excess of births over deaths amounted
in this part of the United Kingdom to 72,894.
The proportion of deaths was not quite 21 in 1,000,
the average annual rate of the season being nearly
23 in 1,000. The mortality of the whole of the last
half-year has been much below the average rate.
Better water and improved sanitary arrangements
have much diminished the unhealthiness of the
poorer districts of the metropolis and the great
towns. On the whole, it is proved, in the opinion
of the most competent authorities, that the climate
of England is eminently salubrious." "It is well
established," says the Registrar-General, " that
England is the healthiest country in Europe.
France stands next to England in salubrity. In
the continental cities the annual rate of mortality
is seldom less than 30 in 1,000, and the rate fre-
quently rises to 40 in 1,000. In London the an-
nual rate of mortality is 25 in 1,000."

On Wednesday a trial of this invention took place at
Wejlwich. The "never-ending rail way "is a railway laid
down by the vehicle to which it is attached. There are
six sections, or " shoes" as they are called, to each wheel,
which are propelled by cogs on the inner side of the tier
of the wheel, the motive power being a steam-engine. The
object is to propel heavy vehicles over roads, or rather
over land, where ordinary wheels would sink. The ma-
chine, when in action, is certainly the most curious and
strange-looking thing one may meet with in many a day's
journey. The inventor calls it a walking-machine, and the
definition in some respects is not incorrect, bat the walk-
ing has a very awk ward appearance. The sections of the
rail rise aoove the wheel, and as it revolves, they, being
fixed, of course fall to the ground, but in doing this they
seem as if they were about to fall anywhere except in
the right place. They do fall in the right place, how-
ever, and fit compactly, and so far the invention seems
perfect enough. The experiment on Wednesday, which was
under the inspection of ofacers appointed by the select
committee of the Ordnance, was to show the power of the
engine and apparatus in drawing heavy guns. The engine
used is of 8-horse power. One of the heaviest guns, a 68-
pounder, weighing with the carriage about 9i tons, and
with the apparatus fixed to the wheels, was drawn by 10
horses out of the Arsenal. They took the route to Plum-
stead hill, which has a gradient of about one in ten.
When about 150 yards up the hill the horses were dead
beat ; they were taken out and a fresh team, which had
previously drawn up another gun without the apparatus
attached, was yoked. They drew the gun to the brow of
the hill. The machine followed, and after a small mishap,
which occasioned the stoppage of a few minutes, mounted
the ascent. The gun-carriage was then attached to the
machine, which turned round with it on a bit of waste
ground about three times the length of the two vehicles.
It then took the gun down the hill, stopping at inter-
vals, to show the facility of stopping. At the bottom,
attempting to turn in too small a space, it stuck in a
deep rut, and after some delay the engine was detached,
and then the machine worked its way out, and after-
wards drew the gun a short distance, by attaching a
chain cable. The gun-carriage was then again at'ached
to the machine in the same way as before, and the ma-
chine toiled up the hill, but after proceeding a hundred
yards or so stopped. Several attempts were made to
proceed, but they were ineffectual, the inventor saying
there was not steam enough. At length the engine and
carriage were detached, and then, by means of a rope
about 50 yards long, the machine drew the carriage to
the brow of the hill, and afterwards took it back to the
Arsenal. The experiment k showed that by means of
this apparatus a carriage can be drawn up a bill which
a team of ten horses could not do ; but the road was
hard and good, and the apparatus is designed for the
purpose of drawing heavy vehicles over soft ground,
its
capabilities cannot be traversed by ordinary vehicles. Of
capabilities of doing that no experiment was made on
Wednesday.

Just at this time Crowds of our countrymen are
every day crossing the Channel on continental
tours, or with purpose to establish themselves at
some continental watering-place. The progress of
science is continually widening the circle of British
wandering, and the spot which a few years since
was thought worthy of a book or a series of sketches
is commonplace now, and may be vulgar in a
twelvemonth. Yet the Englishman must go abroad.
His fathers, after the Peace, thought not a little
of Boulogne ; the adventurous spirit who extended
his travels to Paris was somewhat of a lion in
own circle ; sisters and cousins were anxious to
learn from his deep experiences ; while sager per-
sons shook their heads, and doubted the prudence
of visiting a city which had such a reputation.
Now we fly over land and water to the utmost
parts of Europe, and every one thinks it necessary
to swim in a gondola or smoke long pipes in a
caique. The old Englishman who hated foreigners
—particularly the French—and preferred a good
wholesome joint to all the kickshaws in the world,
is to be seen no longer ; his successor of the pre-
sent day is quite of the opposite school. He
knows Paris thoroughly. He has a great notion
of his own French. Philologically it may differ
from the common tongue in the epicene nature
of its genders and the increased irregularity
of the verbs ; but it is nevertheless a fine forcible

DEATH OF A LADY AT BEN RHYDDING, ILICLEY.—On
Tthueesßdeany
Rmhoyrndidnigu,gßeosbtaerbtlisShnmowendte,no,
5 o'clock, found the body of a lady lying dead in a pool
of blood. He gave an immediate
nniggonitnwg atocihtinaabnoautt
alarm, and it was as-
certained that it was the body of a maiden lady named
Allen, aged 63, from Scotland, who had fallen from her
bedroom window,
hsrse.e storeysfromniece
o f Misst e ground.
A llAllen
was She
ici
twasr
herion
night
Urean adjoining room, but beard no noise. Miss Allen had
been about six weeks at Ben Rhydding. The body was
warm when found, and was removed to the lodge, to
await the c. roner s inquest.—Manchester Guardian.
THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN COPPER COMPANY.— The
annual general meeting of the proprietors was held yes-
terday at the offices of the company, Old Broad-street ;
Mr. T. Winkworth in the chair. The chairman stated
that in consequence of not receiving the report from
Mr. Squarry, the new manager, they considered it
would be desirable to adjourn proceedings; at the same
time it was satisfactory to know that the operations in
the mine were highly productive. A proprietor wished to
know whether the accounts and balance-sheet were on
the table. The chairman replied that the accounts and ba-
-1,-nqe sheet were made up, but as it was intended to ad-
joarn the meeting, it was not desirable they should be
gone into at present. The accounts exhibited showed a
total expenditure to the 31st December of 37,5021., and
- the balance in hand 1701. The proceedings Were then
adjourned to let October.

language, and the model English tourist of the
present day seldom loses an opportunity of dis-
playing it. But still the 'French metropolis, the
Rhine, and the Alps are too near to confer distinc-
tion on the visitor. What is the poor little ex-
cursionist to the Rhineland and Chamouny in
the presence of one who talks about the Carpa-
thians or the Second Cataract ? Better not to
travel at all than only to be limited to this w ell-
trodden and now plebeian tether. Thousands can
talk of Simpher opol and Trebizonde, the Bay of
Smyrna and tho Plain of Baidar ; let us, then, do
something great, or sink into insignificance. Hence
we go to SwederL and Algeria, Wisconsin and the
Albanian coast, take up most of our spare time in
a long voyage which is very uncomfortable, and
hurry back aff;,er having seen as little as is possible
in a two mon.l,hs' excursion. Now, ou the strength
of the Registrar-General's report, we may be
allowed to put in a plea in favour of home. We
do not say tl 'iere is no place like it, but still the'
conduct of iur countrymen of late years has, been
as if their )wn land was a prison from which a
. natural insti net prompts a flight, at the first mo-
ment of lib rty. The usual argument is that