The Sun.
London, England, 1851-12-01 00:00:00

1851:
DECEI/113E11, 1 ,
N°. 18,468. LONDON MONDAY - rm.
t: le7N, nqa
N fr„„,
7

ANGLO-CALIFORNIAN GOLD MINING
COMPANY.
(Incorporated pursuant to 7 and 8 Viet.)
Offices—No. 11, Adam-street, Adelphi.
Capital, 40.0001.,
In 100,000 Shares of 100. (fully paid up) each.
No Shareholder will be liable beyond the amount of his Shares.
TRUSTEES.
Charles Herbert Cottrell, Esq., Hadley, Herts.
George Emmott Green, Esq., Emmett Hall, Lancashire.
James Harmer, Esq., Ingress Park, Ureenhithe, Kent.
CHAIRMAN.
GEORGE EDWARD CO T FRE LL, Esq, James-street, Buck.
Ingham-gate; and New-square, Lincoln's Inn.
VICE-CHAIRMAN.
FRANCIS DE I.NIS MASSY 1/AWSOY, Esq., Victoria•
square; and Flo reden-buildings, Temple. ,
DIRECTORS.
John Barker, M.D., Richmond, Surrey.-
Symeon Taylor Bartlett, LL.D. Cambridge.
Janathan Falder, Esq.. Penrith.
Charles Flincks, Esq., Birmingham.
Joseph George Parker, Esq Warminster.
Sir C. S. Rumbold, Bart., Argyll-street. Regent-street.
RESIDENT DIRECTOR IN leameomsta.
Captain Sir Henry Vere Huntley, R.N.
BANKERS.
London and County Bank, Lombard-Street.
SOLICITORS.
Messrs. Coombe and Nickell:Bridge-street, Westminster.
• SUPERINTENDENTS IN CALIFORNIA.
James 4acouochie, Esq. I William Godfrey Huet, Esq. •
szwerear (ad interim).
Mr. George Frederick Goodman., , .
This Company being now completely registered, the i Directors
take the earliest opportunity of laying before the Shareholders a
statement of its progress and prospects.
It may be confidently asserted that no Company was ever brought
before the public with equal prosp,nt of speedy and successful
results.
The prompt assistance afforded by the Shareholders to the Direc-
tors, and the perfect confidence in the management displayed by
them, have enabled the Directors to take such steps as must ensure
an enormous.dividenflivithin a few moight. •
Sir Henry Huntley, the resident_ Di 'l•L'r in California, has been
in that country five months, andfthe course adopted by the Directors
for carrying out this enterprise results from the experience obtained
by him daring that period. The instructions given to Sir Henry
Hunt ey'vtere, in eff, ct, that he should make every possible inquiry
relative to the state of the country, the tenure of land, the com-
parative merit: of the different quartz veins in the several districts
of California, and alter mature deliberation to advise the Directors
as to their best course of proceodieg, and to take such measures as
would enable them to carry out his views as speedily as possible.
Following these instructions, he has secured for the benefit 0, the
Company, sufficient lands fur all mining purposes; but he is clearly,
of opinion, that for the present, at least, it is not desirable to under-
take mining operations, but to crush and amalgamate quartz to
be supplied by those who are possessed of mines, and have raised
the quartz. With the assistance of some gentlemen of. great
experience in geology and mining matters, he has inspected and
tested a great variety of veins iu the Mariposa, Nevada, Grass
Valley, and other districts, and has come to the conclusion,
upon sound reasons, that the vicinity of Crass Valley and
Nevada City, is that which affords the greatest advantages for car-
rying on our enterprise. He has, therefore, entered into an agree-
ment with some Au erican gentlemen, who have formed a company,
and have opened, and, to a .sunsiderable extent, worked a vein of
quartz, di.tant about three miles from Grass:Valley and Nevada
City, and about thirty miles from Sacramento City, to crush and
amalgamate rhe quartz to be raised from the mine opened by
them. By means of machinery, he has already cru hed,
and amalgamated considerable quantities of the uartz SW- •
plied am
him from this mine ; and the r,sint of hisq operations
has been, to satisfy. himself that the vein is of a full average
richness, and that the locality offers many important advantages in
the way of water, fuel, means of transit, &c., &c. He his, that;
fore, entered into a formal agreement with that Company, which, in
a few words, amounts to this: he is to be supplied by them with as
much quartz as his machinery shall be found capable of crushing ;
the quartz is to be deposited at the mills free of expense ;
he is to crush and .e,gsmalomate it at, his own expense, and .
the g Id produced iatto". be divided equally between the owiiers
of the veiq and gar Company. Formal and legal agreements
for carrying out thefabove arran.;ement fairly and honestly, and;
!vithout any coparsisership,'have been entered into. Steam-engines
And machinery estimated to crush about thirty tons of quartz a day,
with funds sufficient for putting Ain motion, have been placed under
the control of Sir Henry Huntley; and, unless some unexpected
delay has arisen, the machinery is now actually at work, and a
return will be madeauout Christmas next.
For the satisfaction of the existing shareholders of this Company,
and without wishing, in any manner, to deteriorate from the merits
of other Companies, the Directors are desirous of calling attention
to some of the more prominent advantages possessed by this Com--
pany over others now in the field. Shareholders in other Cieterestompanies
must mainly rely upon reports sent over by persons ed in
selling the mine; we rely upon the'reporls of our own
ose resident
Director and his practical assistants on the spot, wh Only
interest is to give us facts. The Directors of other
Companies generally base the estimate of the value of
their mine upon calculations founded on experiments
upon a few pieces of specimen quartz, sent over to this country for
the express purpose of advertising the commodity offered for sale to
the British public; we found our calculations upon experiments
tried, during several weeks, on quartz raised from the mine, and
crushed and amalgamated yourb own Superintendent, and with our
own machinery and apparat. Other Companies propose to
Incur the expense and risk of carrying out miniug operations
uppri their vein, before the quartz arrives at their mill, and, should
their labours prove successful, they must then pay out of their
profits large pet-centages for obtaining their leases, and large royal
ties to their lessors.; whereas we have secured as much quartz as
our machinery is capable of crushing, the title to which is as sec
re
orer
as that of any other company, unfettered by any per-centage
royalty. The half of the produce to be paid by this Company to the
parties who supply us, free of expense, with the quartz, being in fact
merely equivalent to the dividend upon the outlay of capital etc-
pended in raising the quartz, and lodging it at the mill. All the
new companies, unlike this, mpst be a considerable time before
their arrangements and machinery can be ready for carrying out
their schemes—this Company alone is actually at work.
The paid-up capital of the Company will not exceed 20,0001. An
almost certain estimate of the produce of oar machinery can be
formed, and, from the calculations made, the Directors confidently
anticipate being able even at the most moderate estimate, to afford
a dividend of 200 per cent., at the least, within the next tiwelve
months. According to the data furnished to; us, the guar which
we are new working yields uPoI an average 4d. per Noun, or 1/.
17s. 4d. per cwt., or d7l. es. Bd. per ton; aril; as we can cr h and
amalgamate at least 20 tons per diem, that would amount to 7461.
133. 4d., or 3731. 6s. Bd. per diem as the share of this Company
By the peculiar arrangements this Company has made, based
upon practical experience, the economy in working expenses must
necessarily be such as to render the current outlay most trifling.
In case circumstances should induce the Directors to alter the
system now adopted, and lead them to undertake mining operations
of their owe, arrangements leave teen made securing four distinct
sires, most carefully selected for their eligibility for mining pur-
poses, and Sir Henry Huntley has on the spot Cornish miners who
went out with him, and who have voluntarily retendered him their
services.
The gentlemen who formed the Provisional Committee of this
Company, have added to their number several gentlemen possessing
the acquaintance and entire confidence of a very large body of
Shareholders in the provincial districts. To add such men to the
Dire lory was due to those Shareholders who have in fact estab-
ken
lished and nobly supported this Company. Measures will be
Meet-
for further augmenting the Directory, and a Special G
ing of the Shareholders will be e,onvened for the middle ot Januar
In conclusion, the Directors beg to offer their best thanks,
and to the
they
Shareholders for the uniform support they have received
pledge tnemselves that the affairs of this Company shall be con-
ducted with the most rigid economy, and with the sole view of for-
warding the interest of the Shareholders.
The Directors trg to call the attention of Shareholders partieular
can-
ly
to the fact that, from the system adopted by this Compan Y, it
not be affected by the question now agitated between the holders of
leases and Colonel Fretnont or his agents. The district selected for
the operations of this Company is far removed from the tract clpoinaimetsd
by Colonel Fremont: The difficulty arising
out of the
now raised relative to the tenure of land under leases, had been long
known to and was maturely considered by those having the control
of the affairs of this Company, and was one of the reasons which in-
duced them to parsue for the present the course they have, and not
to incur certain heavy expenses with doubtful results.
The Directors trust that Shareholders will approve Of the prudence
of the course they have adopted.
Prospectuses may be had upon application at the offices of the
Company,

lEDRESERVED SOUPS, &C.
PRIZE MEDAL GREAT EXHIBITION, 1851.
At this season of the year a basin of really good Soup is a great
treat. Those desirous of obtaining such are recommended to pur-
chase RITCHIE and WC ALL'S Patent Household Soups, which,
with various descriptions of made dishes, &c., are put up in canisters,
hermeticall • se,led, so as to be ready for use at any mo ment W
. ith
a few of these canisters at hand, a first-rate dinner may be put upon
the table as quickly es the cloth can be laid. Turtle Soup, 15sH. peer
quart; Mock Turtle, Ox-tail, Giblet, 2s. 9d.; Mulligatawny,
Green Pea Soups, 3s. per quart. Entrees, &c., at prices equally
ar,
reasonable.
To be had of all the principal 011 and Italian Warehousemen in
town and country; and, wholesale, of RIT,;IIIE and APCALL,
137, Houndsditch.
London Sample Hampers, 1/. each, containing an assortment, for-
warded to any part of the kingdom on receipt of a Post-office order.
Detailed price lists, post free, on application.

THE DETERMINED ATTACK ON LOUIS
NAPOLEON.—There is no question but that a crisis is now
near at hand, and that one of three important parties will shortly be
settled as dominant in France—the Red Republicans, the Legitima-
tists, or the friends of the present Govefnment. The attacks made
in the Assembly on the Government o' Louis Napoleon have been ail
but successful, and yet have signally fated ; but the last and worst
attack was when the majority sought, by a Bill which has been
sleeping nearly two years, to enpower the Assembly to impeach the
President, the Ministry, and whoever else should favour the re-
election of Louis Napoleon. While, however, the French people are
at loggerheads about clothing the Assembly or the Government with
power, we on this side of the Channel are thinking about clothing
ourselves ; and the best opportunity in the world presents itself, for
the unique stock of Messrs. E. MOSES and SON is more novel,
more extensive, and more elegant than at any former season. Each
morning their extensive warehouses are crammed with new and
elegant costume, however reduced the quantity may be by night.
Their Winter Clothing sapasses everything of the kind to be found in
Europe, and Messrs. E. MOSES and SON are only anxious that the
public may visit their display at the Monarch Mart in Aldgate and
the 31inories, or their magnificently fitted-up West-end Branch
Establishment in New Oxford-street, corner of Hart-street, far
nothing but seeing will give anybody an Idea of the elegance,
quality, style, durabilitEy, an
MdOSE cheapnes
ands of every article they make.
. S SON,
London C 8
5, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minorite, 83,
44, 85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
4nd 3, Hart-street, all communicating.
mßhreattdreoirddß"ranYocrht?
3hl67F"argßraancte. h, 12, Bridge-street.
nakOutfitters
fßorostearsiesFnairleGers,nußeometenan. d Shoe.
Tailersors andOehnier7l ,
n,Tithaey.Ewstebnlisbhumsieriessnts
tars
rearmed
tfrinomTwsennlvseetwelriockrida.y to sunset gs.

THE SILENT FRIEND.
PREVENTION OF DISEASE.
IN SIX LANGUAGES—FORTIETH EDITION.
CO NTAINING THE REMEDY FOR
Ltustrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Engravings.
ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE
MARRIAGE.
INCA-
PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO
6d
. by post, from
A New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, price 21.
the Establishment, 3s. 6d. In stamps.
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
by
on or the abuse of
the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced
excessive indulgence, the consequences of infecti .
mercury, with directions for the use o ons which
lowe,l by observations en Marriage, ana the disqnaliticati
and L.
prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. -
street, London. Sold by strange, f the preventive lotion, fol -
PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Setaers-street, Oxford
146, Leadenhall-street;
63, and Banger. 150. Oxford-street; Gordon,
Bow Church-yard ;
Barclay, 95, Farringdon-street ;w. Sutton, 10, Cheapside ;R.
W. Edwards. 67, St. Paul's Church-yard ; Butler, 4,
Johnson, 68,
ofnill ; and Simpkin, Stationers'
21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay,
FART I. treats the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured EngravingS.
PART 11. treats of tke consequences resulting from excessive in-
liall-court.
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, Producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
incapacity. Mustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
NAT In. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Englav-

Rum IT. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
PeeT V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du-
ties. The causes cf unproductive anion aro also considered, and the
whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
Tau CORDIAL BALK or &Telecom is exclusively employed 111
re/ding nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c.,
lls. and 835.
per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syPbilitle
remedy, for purifying the blood in cues of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, lie. and 335. Der
bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 25. 9d., 4s. 6d., and Ha.
per box, a certain remedy for gcnorrhosa, gloat, stricture, and
chronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
IL. A. minute detail of the case is required: age, habits, aid posi-
tion In society. 51. rackets, with advice, to be had at the Etta-
blisliment only, by which the fee, 11., is saved. Messrs. Perry,
Surgeons, are in attendance, daily, at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
etreet, London, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight ; on 8101-
days 'has Elam
_ _

MR. DIOBY SEYMOUR'S WORK ON WESTERN IRELAND
Just published, the Third Edition, greatly enlarged, price
Half-a-Crown.
Dedicated, by express permission, to his Excellency the
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
How to EMPLOY CAPITAL in WESTERN
: being Answers to a few Practical Questions
upon the Manufacture cf Beet Sugar, Flax, and Chicory, In con-
nexion with a Land Investment in the West of Ireland.
lty WILLIAM DEOBY SEYMOUIt, Esq.,
of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law.
London: John Hearne, 81, Strand; James Ridgway, 169, Picca-
dilly; and Effingham Wilson, 11, Royal Exchaage. Dublin: Hodges
and Smith, Grafton-street.

TDOHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL
11 FOR DECEMBER. Price Is.
CONTENTS:—The last Invention in Homoeopathy—On the
Strength of Tincture of Opium—On the Phenomena of Animal
Phosphorence—Lapis Lazuli in the Cordilleras of the Andes—The
Soda Phosphate of Iron—the Balsam of Sonsonate (Vulg. of
Peru)—The Great Exhibition (concluded)—Combination of Arseni-
ous Acid and Albumen—Modification of the Minim Meter—Facts re-
lat,ng to the History of Manganese—The Cultivation of the Poppy—
The Chinese Grass Plant—Detection of Resin ofJalap, &c., in Scam-
mony—The Anta or Vegetable Ivory—The Simaba Cedron—Cam-
phine—Stramoniam Segars--Sheep-dlpping Composition : Action for
Damages.
London: John Churchill, Princes-street, Leicester-square; Mac-
lachlan and Stewart, Edinburgh ; and Fannin and Co, Dublin.

IMPORTANT QUESTION for the DECISION of the WORD 0.61
Tl:M:l2sth Number of the HYGEIST con-
tatns—The concluding part of the Essay, by M`Kinnon, of
Cape Breton—Also; Who shall decide when doctors differ ?"—On
the working of the Registration Act—Punch and the Marvels of Me-
dicine-1.0001: obtained by a false medical certificate—Practical
proofs of the efficacy. of Morison's UDlversal Medicine —Correspon-
-dents, &c., &c.
Price Id., or 2d. by post. Office, 365, Strand, and may be had of
all the agents to the British College of Health, New-road, London.

CROSSE and 13LACKWELL'S CALVES
FEET JELLIES, consisting of Lemon, Orange, Noyeau,
_ranch, and Madeira, ready for immediate use. These Jellies will be
found very superior to those usually sold, and having been used for
rit,,Ye than twelve months by the most distinguished families in the
kingdom, the continued dentand Is a sufficient proof of their excel-

knee.
To be had of the principal Italian Warehousemen, Grocers, and
Drug-gists, throughout England, Ireland, and Scotland.
Observe C. and B's. name and address are on each bottle. Manu-
factory, 21, Soho-square, London. Established 1706.

HUNGERFORD-HALL, STRAND.
ADDITIONAL ATTRACTION.
Ork..NING of the NEW 'THEATRE of OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

THIS EVENING,' December 1, 1851.
The Extertainments will comprise-1. " Soirees Mysterienses,"
by the unrivalled Conjurer Langiois, of Paris, his first appearance
in this country. 2. Mechanical Voltigeur.-3. Games and Exercises
of the celebrated Indian Juggler Djaima.-4. Pelyerama and Chro-
motrope.
Admission :—Galfery, Is.; Second Seats, Is. 6d.; Stalls and First
Seats, 2s. 6d. Doors opeq at Half-past Six, commence at Seven.
ANIMAL MAGNETISM.
The Wonderfhl Representations of M. LASSAIGNE and Madile.
PRUDENCE will be repeated every Evening during the week (Sa-
turday excepted.) Doors open at Half-past Seven, to commence at
Eight
Admission : —ls. and 2s. Stalls and Reserved Seats, 4s. Stalls
and Reserved Seats may be secured at Sams's Royal Library, Pall-
mall ; at Messrs. Ebers, Booksellers to her Majesty, 27, Old Bond-
street ; and at the Manager's OM& Hungerford-hall.
BAZAARS.
Open from Ten Ali. to Ten P.Y. Admission Free.
Omnibuses to all parti of London after the Exhibitions.

RIVATE fil Ni S on GENERATIVE
WEAKNESS, NERVOLTSNE,'S, and all Secret Com-
plaints; With plain directions for cure. A faint sketch of the conse-
quences of that great evil which silently pervades various ranks of
society, and which hes so many years excited the attention and ani-
madversions of the most eminent of the medical faculty. Price 6d.,
post free Bd. By Dr. WALTON, 31.R.C.S , the most successful
practitioner during a quarter of a century in cases of weakneis,
gonorrhoea. Ste. Vide Testimonials. Charges moderate to, all.
itecent infection cured in a few days ; weakness in a month. Hours
of consultation, Nice to Two, and Six to Niae (no fee), at 40, Maiden-
lare, Covent-garden. Females advised by cDrrespondence or
otherwise.

TO.THE AFFLICTED.
A oirtain and speedy cure for all persons afflicted with
rheumatisth, pains in, the chest or limbs, stiff joints, or any diseases
arising from colds, 'by the use of SLEASAM'S MEDICATED
CREAM SOAP, the properties of which are so astonishing in dis-
eases such as erysipelas, ringworm,. scrofula, and other cutaneous
eruption, as it produces a regular action of the pores, rendering the
skin clear and healthy. It is equally efficacious in burns; scalds,
bruises, or wounds of long standing, that no family should be
without it.
Solkat Aeasam and Co.'s medicated cream depot, 238, Strand,
London, in pots at is. l4d. and 2s. 9d. each.

DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sher wood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho,.
147; Fleet-street; Maths, 39, Cernhill ; or direct from the author ;
pr.te One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
,CorrErrrs :--Early, Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings —Ex_
careens aboat the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trio and Rambles—The Sea--4,ondon at Night—Evenings at home
—Music —This ,Drama —On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing,
Air; Beet, Eisae; Occupation, &c., &c.
II
- FB.A9-1011T5 FROM TH4- MOUNTAINS. Two Vols.
Yol. I.

A VISIT TO THE LAKES; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, 84,c,
'Fol. 11.
THE LAKES OF KILL tRNEY ; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, Soc..
WELT TO ELT, D KINK, AND AVOID,
" That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) Of ner-
voa dy.debilltated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old ago • with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
lation of every-day life.

IV.
TIII6 PASSIONS.
'What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as relined as Athens ever heard."
SUBJECT:—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad.
vent or the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual.
ties of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, ear.
native, and remedlative. AdvocacVy of early marriages.

. _
THE MARRIAGE STATE.
"To be or not to be, thatkis the question."
PROGRAMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases. Sec.
By R. J. CIILVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.B.C.S. (1827). L.S.A.
(1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
matters. Reception hours daily till Five. Evenings. Seven till
Cue. 10. Argyll-place. Regent-street

MEDICAL ADVICE ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF
TOUT 't AND MATURITY.
With Plain Directions for their Prevention and Cure.
FIFTY COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL.
Just published, in French, English, German, Dutch, Spanish, and
Italian, in a Sealed Envelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free from the Author
for Forty-two Stamps,
SE ~F-PRESERVATION; a
Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on the
Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity, usually ac-
quired at an early period of life, which destroy the physical and
mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural feelings, and ex-
baust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical Observations on
the certain Prevention and successful Treatment of Nervous Debi •
lity, Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis, Stricture, and all
Diseases and derangements resulting from Indiscretion, as adopted
b Lailemand. Ricord, and other eminent memberstra of the faculty of
Fyrance. With Fifty coloured Engravings, illustrating the Anatomy,
Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, explaining
their structures, uses, and functions, and the various injuries that
are produced in then by solitary habits, excesses, and infection.
By SAMUEL LA'MERT.
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society,
Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Member of the Hanterlan
Medical Society of Edinburgh, Sec., Sc.
This work contains a plain and complete description of the ana-
tomy and physiology
of the reproductive organs, and of their relative
concitions in health and disease.. Dr. La'Mert, who has taken the
highest medical honours, as evidenced by the diplomas an
medical d test
nials inserted in the work, is the only legally qualified man
who has exclusively, and for many years, devoted his studies to the
treatment of these complaints. He may be consulted with advan-
tage by all those whose constitutions may have become debilitated
through secret practices acquired in youth, or by the excesses of
later years, whereby the pleasures of life aro marred, the objects of
marriage frustrated, and existence itself rendered a term of unceas-
ing misery and regret.
Published by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater-
nester-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Star e, Titchborne-street,
Haymarket ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street; Mann, 23, Cornhill ;
or free by post for f,rty-two stamps, from the author's residence,
who may be consulted on these disorders personally, or by letter,
daily, from Ten till Two. and from Six till Eight.
-

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, Nov. 29.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The share market has been firm
again to-day. The transactions were as follow :—Bristol and
Exeter, 80—Great Western, 87—Midland Stock, 57.
LIVERPOOL, Nov. 29.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The transactions to-day were as
follow :—Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire (late Chester
and Birkenhead), 17—Blackburn (late Blackburn, Clitheroe,
and West Yorkshire), 4% Caledonian, 16% Eastern
Counties, 7—Edinburgh and Glasgow, 231i4—Lancashire and
Yorkshire, 58—London and North-Western, New Quarters,
3% P.—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, Quarters
(No. 1), 714 till 1853, 11% —Ditto, Preference, 121,,—Ditto,
New 61. Preference, 14 p.—Midland, 57%—Ditto, New Pre-
ference, 41,4 per cent., 14 dis.—North Staffordshire, 73i4 dis.
—South-Eastern and Dover, 213/—York and North Mid-
land, 231—Belfast and Ballymena, 33—Dutch Rhenish,
4% dig.
MANCHESTER, Nov. 29.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—A fair amount of business has been
done in the share market to-day, and prices generally were
pretty well supported. The transactions were as follow :
Ambergate, 314—Caledonian, 161x—Eastern Counties, 6
North- Western, 1234 dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, 214i—
York and North Midland, 23.
BIRMINGHAM, Nov. 29.
STOCK EXCHANGE. —Among the closing prices to-day
were—Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and Stour Valley,
buyers 9% Coventry and Nuneaton, 2% p.—London and
North-Western, buyers 116, sellers 117—Ditto, Quarters,
buyers 3%, sellers 3%—Blidland, buyers 5634, sellers 57
Ditto (Bristol and Birmingham), buyers 133, sellers 135
tearffsor4d34sh—ir
North Staffordshire, buyers 7%, sellers 7% dis.—Shrews-
De,ibttuo3re Pis re2(er ,ence, sellers buyers
dris..s
dis.—Shrews-
bury and Birmingham (A), buyers 6%, sellers 6%—Ditto
ers--4Sou'thseSil
Shropshire Union, 314 dis.
(seB11)e buyers
1i 10,

SUDDEN DEATH AT A RAILWAY STATION.—AD
inqueit was held on Saturday evening last, at the Shakspere
Hotel, St. Lawrence, in the Isle of Thanet, by Mr. T. T.
Delasaux, one of the coroners for East Kent, on the body of
Mr. Joseph Green Walford. formerly solicitor to the Board of
Customs, who died at the Ramsgate station that morning as
he was about proceeding, with Mrs. Watford and some mem-
bers the morning train to Walmer. The
evidence of
encehoi; by
company servants showed that the unfortu.
nate gentleman arrived at the station apparently in good
health, but that directly afterwards he fell on the floor of the
paroffice, and when carried into the waiting room imme-
diately breathed his last. Medical assistance was promptly
procured, but all human aid was unavailing. The verdict of
"Natural death." The deceased was in the
NEW SHIPPING-OFFICE.—The Local Marine Board
has made final arrangements for opening an additional ship-
ping office in Ebenezer-place, West India Dock-road.
t7h3edjyuerayrwoafshis
age.
Thera were 110 births and 136 deaths registered in
blauchoter ill the week ending the 22d ult.

KOSSUTH PAPERS.
(From the Daily News.)
We have been favoured with some documents pre-
pared by M. Kossuth, in illustration of his views
upon Hungarian politics, hitherto-unpublisbed. , We
propose to print them from day to day, as fully as our
space will allow. The following important paper,
which embraces the views of Kossnth on the future
government of Hungary; was written whilst the
illustrious exile was detained in Turkey :
SUMMARY OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE
FUTURE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF
HUNGARY.
The example of the French Republic furnishes the
most triumphant 'proof of the argument I have all my
life supported ; namely, that the enunciation of the
sovereignty of the people is insufficient, to guarantee
either the rights' of individuals or the liberty of the
people, when the power of government iti too great, and
when an assembly, though issued from universal suffrage,
becomes constituted' into the sole organ of that sove-
reignty—that assembly being clothed with legislative
omnipotence, and at the same time forming the sole
legal barrier egainst the encroachments of Government
upon the rights of individual and political liberty.
We have seen a President of the French Republic
issued from universal suffrage, acting with impunity
against the honour, dignity, and liberty of his country.
We have seen a Legislative Assembly, issued also
from universal suffrage, abolishing by its own decree
that very universal suffrage which was the source of its
own creation.
We- have seen resulting from the criminal alliance of
these two omnipotences, not merely the violation of
every right and every liberty, the destruction of every,
guarantee, the falsification ^and perversion of every de•
mocratic institution, but we have seen the republic be-
come a lie, and its nominal existence questioned—so
that republican sentiments and attachment to the re-
public have become crimes in the eyes of those all-
powerful organs of the sovereignty of the people, and
the unfortunate French Republic reduced to such a state
as to render applicable these words of Moore, deploring
the fate of his country,
"It is treason to love her, and death:to defend."

Poor France! Is she then reduced to the inability of
defending what she conquered in so many revolutions,
unless by another revolution?
'Tis sad but natural. I foresaw this, and publicly
foretold it the very day that I perceived, as I read the
Constitution of the French Republic, that France, in
spite of all her trials, knew net yet how to detach her-
self from that fatal elope, centralisation of power, so
flattering to the vanity of glory, but so pernicious also
to liberty.
• Do you think that a government and an omnipotent
assembly will not abuse this omnipotence, possessing as
it does a numerous and powerful army subject to
rigorous discipline indispensable for the existence of such
an army—an annual income of one and a half billions—
the patronage of all places down to those of mayors of
communes, .and the faculty of dissolving the national
•guard and placing the country in a state of siege? Do
you think all this power will not be abused?
Why, it. would be contrary to human psychology;
and in order to succeed you ishould have nothing less
than a nation of Washingtons.
These Washingtons are very rare, be it said.
Yet it may be that this fatal tendency to centralisation,
flowing from the unquenchable source of traditional sen-
timents, is part of the character of the FrenCh nation,
which may, therefore,, be more to be pitied than blamed,
for the heart of nations like' that of man, may well
break, though it changes not easily. • Thus France must
pass through many trials before she succeeds in chang-
ing this fatal character. •
However this may be as regards the French, I, as an
Hungarian. and' knowing the character of my nation,
whose tendencies are quite opposite, and whose equally
invariable traditional sentiments revolt against centre-
lisaticn—l, not aspiring for my country to; the vanity
of conquering glory, but for, real liberty and the bap-
piness.of complete democracy—l hate centralisation of
power. I hate the pretentioa to omnipotence of either
government 'or legislature. I shall lend no hand to
baiden my country with' snob institutions, which I con-
, eider absolutely contrary •to the rights of man, that
ought not to be absorbed by the state, and contrary
to political liberty, which cannot be combined with a
centralisation diametrically opposed in its natural direc-
tion to liberty.- , :• •
I Nuuld hare these rights and that liberty free from
the encroachments of authority. Therefore, bore is the
sketch of the principles of the political organisation
which I should proppselor the.sanction of the people of
my country.

As a fundamental principle,
of the pe,Aofri constituted p.s.'t
But the whole people—that university of all the citi
zens of a country—revealing •itself by universal suf
(rage, and by the functions of the elect of that sutfrag...
shall not be sok organ of that sovereignty, except in
so far .as thlf common httiaire of the whole state tiro
concerned.

propose the overeil

Man, as regards his individual rights—the family, as
reg ads the hffiirs of the family—the commune, as re-
gards the affairs of the commune, and the department as
regards the affairs of the department—these all are
equally organs of that sovereignty.
The most absolute despotism never sought to become
the tutor of a family in the management of its domestic
affairs, because, possibly, it might not understand them
and might mismanage them.
Thns the same liberty should be extended to man—
to the family, the commune, and the department. Men
must be free in their individual rights, free in their do-
mestic affairs, free in:the affairs of their communes, free
in the affairs of the departments.
The rights of man cannot bo subject to the will or
pleasure. of the family, the commune, the department,
or the state; on the contrary, they must find support
and protection against the tyranny of the family in the
commnne ; against that of the commune in the depart-
ment, against that of the department in the state, and
against that of the state in the inviolable principles of
the constitution, in the right of refusal on the part of
the commune and departments to lend themselves to the
execution of the tyranny of the state. They must
find it finally in the real responsibility of
public functionaries, guaranteed by the right of each
man, each family, each commune, and each department,
to complain and demand punishment or damages from
functionaries before the tribunals constituted by law.
The liberty that I declare inherent in man, I declare
inherent also in the family, the commune, and the de-
partment.
To me political liberty is insufficient when confined to
that homeopathic dose of it that consists in the giving
of my vote periodically amongst the millions of votes of
my fellow citizens at an election. I want also to enjoy
individul liberty, and to exorcise a continual influence on
my own communal and departmental affairs. Thus—the
individual rights of man (which are to be enumerated in
the constitution) do not belong to the legislation of the
state. Amidst these rights may be mentioned, amongst
others, freedom of thought (the press), freedom of creed
(religion), and freedom of association. In my opinion it
is an inalienable right in man to associate freely for the
development, support, and guarantee of his interests
whether moral or material.

The men of the same creed and the same religion
associate, and there is the church—a free and independ-
ent association, governing itself at will according to the
principles of its worship and its religion. It has nothing
to do with the state, and the state nothing to do with it.
Here is liberty.
There are countries whore men speak different lan-
guages, and thus belong to different nationalities; but
in which those different populations are so intermixed
that except in small sections there is no rounded terri-
tory of such or such a nationality, which can be de-
tached from the state to form another,without damaging
the rights of the men belonging to other nationalities
intermingled. This is the case. with the Serbians,
to the principles
sdoes the Protestant
Wal-
lacks, Slovacks, and Rut hemans in Hungary. What is
to be done with them? Let thorn
.act as the men of the
Hungarydwhich
gin
issued from uni-
versal creed, who form an association (the church), and
parish assemblies; let
o f directtheir and
organization—letgovern that
parish
tsrbhcoholil accordingnddoa
ahned seniorial. inspectors, issued from
Lutheranhas
its p
rChurch,eaobers to
aod
lwhichooa
inspectors,belon
tvheormsalhsauvfferasegoei,oirns t
vote, and whose
universal suffrage in the seninrata and. seniorial assem-
blies; superintendents and. district. . inspectors, issued
aronhnumalaly.
from universal suffrage in the district and district as-
semblies, and finally a supreme court, consisting of a
president is the inspector-general also issuing from the
which general
each
conventionaoh
member
of
teheatitnogh
universal suffrage of all. Such is an organization emi-
nently free and democratic. In such a manner as I have
here pointed out, the men belonging to a nationality
have the right to join, and form a national association
for the development and guarantee of their nationality;
they may give themselves such an organization as
they please, a chief according to their own
Serbians calling the latter a voyvode, and the Walla_
chians a hospodar. These may, according as they de-
sire, unite to that association the management of their
church, their schools and the national education in these
schools—in a word, they may provide for that common
moral interest which is called nationality, they may
give
themselves statutes for their association, and they will
govern it according to theme statutes. It will have no-
thing to do with the state, and the state nothing to do
with it. Here again is liberty—here, too, is social na-
tionality guaranteed by liberty of association. i
Passing on to the commune; the commune s free and
independent in the exercise of communal affairs, the
management of which is based on the inviolable prin-
ciple of universal suffrage belonging to all in the com-
mune.
The eoustitution defines the conditions under which
an aggregation of families is to form a commune. It re-
cognises the inviolability and 'inalterability of universal
suffrage, and the right of electors to dioxins any func-
tionary of their own previous choice. Beyond this,
however, neither department, nor government, nor le-
gislature has the power to meddle with the management
of communal affairs. Consequently, each commune de-
termines of its own free will in what language it shall
be administered. It draws up its reports, correspon-
dence, and petitions to the department, the government,
or the legislature in the language which it may-have
chosen for the communal administration; rid it receives

replies from the departments, or from the government
through the departments, in the same language. Thus
you have nationality in the commune.
But the oonstitution guaranMes to the minority the
' right of complaining, or addressing demands to the
commune, and pleading its cause before the tribunals ie
its own language; or of forming itself into a separate
commune.; if it comprises within itself what the consti-
tution orders for the formation of a commune. Thus
you provide for the protection of the minority against
the oppression of the majority.
Amongst the conditions indispensable for the conga •
tution of a commune is the establishment of one primary
communal school at least, kept up and managed by the
commune. The language of education in .the school
shall be that chosen for the administration of the coin-
munet. And so is secured the development of nationality
in the commune.
But liberty of education is guaranteed by the con-
stitution ; the minority of the commune of the associa-
tions (as, for instance, the church, national associations,
or those of manufacturers, agriculturists, or traders) ;
each man, in fact, has the right of establishing schools
under the sole protection of publicity, and each has the
right of profiting by every school. 'Here, again, is a
guarantee of individual rights and of those of the
minority.,
In the matters appertaining to primary schools of
communes, the department, the government, ,or legis-
lature, have no right to interfere; but in view of the
common interests of the state, the legislature may de-
cree a minimum of public education. For instance, each
citizsn being called upon to defend the country against
all aggression, primary military instruction (exercise
and manoauvres) should already be commenced in the
primary schools of the communes. And the functionary
of the commune charged with the direction of the school
is reiponsible to the
.government for that minimum.
For. this reason the government shall be invested with
the right of inspection, which it can only exercise, how-
ever, through the department. •
So much for the sovereignty in the commune as regards
communal affairs. But the commune and its functionaries,
elected by the people in it, are also the executors of the
orders of the departments, of the decrees of the go-
vernment, and of the laws issued from the legislature of
the country in matters reserved to the department,
the government, and the legislature. Here is real . de-
mocracy. The people make laws, the people also exe-
cute them. To that end the respective functionaries of
the commune, issued from universal suffrage of the
people in the commune, are responsible to the depart-
ment and the government. This is for the efficacy of
government.
But the government cannot place itself in immediate
contact with the communes, nor can it send them orders
except through the respective departments whose rights
are about to be defined. So much for the barrier that
protects the commune from the oppression of govern-
ment.
Passing to the departments:—
The legislature defines the departments into which the
country is to be subdivided.
This delimitation shall be made as far as geographi-
cal conditions permit,. with due regard to the different
.in order, that the inhabitants speaking the
same language may, as much as possible, be united in
the 'same department.
For the administration of departmental affairs, the
same principles shall be applied that I have established
for those of the commune.
The department is to be composed of the representa-
tives of the communes, always liable to dismissal ;
elected periodically by universal suffrage of the people
in the communes.

The departmental assembly, in its first sitting after
election, decides by majority what language is to be used
for the administration of the department during the
period that it is to last. It will correspond with the
government in that langage, and will receive answers
from the government also in that language. So much
for political nationalty in the departments.
But the minority has the right to speak its language
in these assemblies, and each individual has the same
right for his petitions to the assembly and the functiona-
ries, and before the tribunals of the departments.
The .departmental assembly periodically elebts its
functionaries for the administration of the department,
who receive the instructions of the assembly, and are
responsible to it.
The government sends its orders as regards th; mat-
ters reserved to the government, and the laws to be
executed in the communes, to the departmental assem-
blies." The people, therefore, is still the direct organ of
the executive power.
These assemblies can never discuss the opportuneness
or fitness of the orders of Government, and they and
their functionaries shall be as regards the orders whose
o9sitktigatiz,iisAnte.e,ti tested, re s,
'vernment, which may in case of dist
hem before the high court of justice.
The only question in respect of these orders which
may be dibeussed by these assemblies is that of deciding
whether the government has not aseumed as unconsti-
tutional power, by encroaching on acme individual right
of man, or on the powers reserved to the communes and
departments. If the majority of the assembly votes the
unconstitutionality of a government order, it may re-
monstrate with the government by suspending its execu-
don. If the government insists, the execution must
proceed, but in case of a supposed mistake in the inter-
pretation, the departmental assembly shall obtain the
decision of'the legislative assembly. In case of a .sup-
posed violation, it shall complain against the government
before the high court of justice.
So also each individual, or each commune that ;may
consider themselves damaged in their rights by the de-
crees of departments, may, after conforming to them,
appeal to the government and to the legislative assem-
bly, or complain before the high court of justice.
Each department must have and manage at least
one secondary departmental school in the language
which shall be determined on by the department., So
much for the development of nationality in the de-
partment.
'rhe law shall fix the minimum of instruction in
these schools; and the respective functionaries of the de-
partments shall be responsible to the government forithis
minimum.

Bence arraign

The minority, the associations, all citizens in tact,
have the same right reserved to them for the formation
of similar schools, and for the liberty of teaching, as has
been said for the communes.
As regards the legislative power of the State:
The lfsgislature is: composed, as in the United States
of America, of the assembly of the representatives of the
people and the senate.
The former elected by universal suffrage in electoral
circles, the senators to the number of two for oach de-
partment.

The members of the central government of the coun-
try, and the public functionaries of its appointment, are
not eligible, either as representatives or senators, un-
less they resign their functions; and every representative
or senator accepting an office is supposed by that step
alone to give in his resignation as member of the le-
gislative assembly. The government may nevertheless
send its members or its functionaries to the assembly to
give explanations or make communications. It is obliged
to do so if the assembly desires it.
Representatives and senators may be removed by their
electors; the law defines the mode of proceeding for
such revocations.

The constitution shall fix the rules according to which
the assembly proceeds, the relations between the two
parties, and the attributes reserved to each. For in-
stance, the assembly of representatives shall vote the
taxes, whilst the decisions in cases at is ue between the
government and the departments shall be taken cogni-
sance of by the senate.

The legislative assembly is the organ of the sove-
reignty of the people, as regards all matters which do not
appertain to the fundamental rights of individuals of the
the communes, and of the departments. For
these rights are eternal and inviolable, and are the birth-
right of all posterity. Therefore all that is essential to
the sovereignty of the immortal people is subject neither
to the legislature nor to the arbitrary will of a gene-
ration.

As a supreme guarantee of those fundamental rights, a
high court of justice shall be established to pronounce pn
the constitutionality of the laws decreed by the legisla-
tive assembly.
The chief of the executive power charged with the
publication of the laws cannot proceed to that publica-
tion before the High Court has pronounced whether the
law about to be put forth be contrary to fundamental
rights. If the court decides against the constitutionality
of the law, the point on which their judgment rests must
be stated in their decree, and the law is de facto annulled
and shall be sent back without being published to the
legislative assembly.
The members of the High Court 'shall be appointed
by the senate. They are irremovable, and even should
they resign, they cannot afterwards hold any other place
subject to government appointment.
It is needless to state that the legislative assembly, as
has been said with regard to the commune and the de-
partment, shall also have to determine the language in
which the proceedings are to be carried on. But the pro-
mulgation of laws shall take place in all the languages
adopted by the divers communes of the country.
Finally, as regards the Government—After the limits
of its power have been defined, and guarantees esta-
blished against abuse of authority, there is no danger
in concentrating the executive power in the hands of
one chief, or in those of a triumvirate or committee;
provided, in C3BO one-chief is chosen, ho is elected at 013C0
by universal suffrage; and in case a committee is se-
lected, that it should be appointed by the Legislative
Assembly—provided also, at all events, that the coin. mitten he renewed periodically, and that any citizen,
commune, or department, has the right to
h arraign the
chief .of the executive power before the HiCourt of
Justice on account of abuse of power; and if the nigh
Court finds that the constitution has been violated,
shall be considered as fallen, and be no longer
re eligible.
One of the principal guarantees against abuse of autho-
rity by the chief of the executive
the organs of the civil administrationPoowretr ihes t h
ex es
e utthi
vaet
power are not functionaries appointed by
the Govern-
ment, but elected by the communes and the
departments.
And in order that there may be no doubt as to the
application of responsibility, that false principle which
says that the countersigning of a minister vers the re-
sponsibility of the chiet of the executive power, shall not
be admitted in the Constitution of Hungary, but that

responsibleprlint cwipillel bseh,
fasolerlepnarnebyvoartidhle.hic
iavrs h.• says the ;to
se alone are
will have sufficient pawerelvli2t Poo° scs jai tgiun°Bl it.le tt
at
ltahw6sG' t°o"brenmexene-t
cuted and respected, but none to hurt the Constitution,
falsify institutions, or oppress lib
All that relates to legislationerty,
is as regards its execu-
tion the duty of the• Government, which will have suffi-
cient, power, to sue that the communes and the dePart-
'ments fulfil their duties to the country, but none to
molest them in their municipal autonomy. It will be able to perform its duties with efficacy,
because it will not be subject to therfital malady of
" governing too much," nothing being within its duties
but what is reserved for the whole state. This is what
may easily be conceived by the supposition of attributes
of the divers portions of the administration of the
country.
Fur instance, as regards modes of communication;
parish roads are a portion of the adnsinistration of the
communes. Departmental roads a portion of that of the
department, whilst the great arteries or communication
belong to the Legislature and the Government. The
departments shall watch that the communes do their
duty, and the communal functionaries shall be respon-
sisewh
taaol
tl
et
the
eaotvGcehor
vt
ethhranet
mtcehonemt
.dme
upTna rehtsem, eannts
Le-
gislature.
dts
they
Go-
vernmentobe lyteh;
shalle
itrh
de uibtney Governmenttrauesrs
npwoeinsilsiab
controlled and watched by the

As regards public instruction:—The primary schools
shall be under the administration of the communes;
secondary schools, as, for instance, gymnasiums and
colleges, under that of the departments; whilst the su-
perior schools, as academies and universities, are under
the administration of the Legislature and the Govern-
ment.
As regards the armed force: It shall consist princi-
pally of the national guard. Every elector is, during a
certain period of his life, called upon to act in this capa-
city. The law shall regulate the organisation of the
national guard, and fix the retribution for time employed
in daily service. The commune shall appoint the
officers and subalterns of the national guard of the com-
mune; the departments shall appoint the commandants
of the national guards of the several united communes
as well as the departmental commandant; the Gover-
ment shall appoint the district commandants and the
commander-in-chief; the communal authority disposes
of the employment of the . national guard in the com-
mune, the department of that in the department, and the
Government disposes of it for the interest of the whole
country, or in the requisition of a department in case its
own forces should be insufficient. All faults, excesses,
or disobedience shall be punished according to the law
and regulations, but no national guard shall be dissolved
or disarmed except in case of revolt.
The principal armed, force destined to the defence of
the country being thus formed by the national guard,
the state will not be overburdened by the support of- a
numerous standing army.
The skeletons of corps, and necessary numbei:for garri-
soning fortresses, shall alone be kept up permanently;
this small army will form at the same time a practical
military school, in which the youth of the country must
pass at a certain age in order to provide, in case of ne-
cessity, for the proper defence of the fatherland.
These skeletons shall be so formed that in case of war
the contingents of each department shall be united in
battalions and regiments, designated according to the
name of the divers departments and nationalities. Thus
there will be a Megyar battalion, or Wallachian, Servian,
or Slovack battalions, according to the department of
each. The national costume shall be provided by each
department, and the battalions will remain in this re-
spect in constant relation with their departments.
All this again is to preserve and elevate the national
sentiment. The honour due to the bravery of a battalion
shall not be absorbed as it is, for instance, in the
Austrian army; it will shine on the department, and on
the nationality of the department, by elevating the con-
science and vitality of the respective nationalities.
As regards the administration of justice; civil tribu-
nals, and a correctional communal police shall be formed.
Civil and commercial departmental tribunals shall also
be formed, for the administration of penal justice by
each department, founded on the principle of the jury.
There shall be no exceptional tribunals. The depart-
mental assembly shall form the grand jury, which will
pronounce, if necessary, according to a penal procedure.
Besides, there will be courts of appeal, and a court of
cessation; finally, for complaints against public function-
aries, and for the guarantee of constitutional rights
against the encroachments of the legislature, there will
be the high court of justice.
.0n such a sufaerposition of attributions reserved to the
communes, the departments, the state, and its function-
aries—on that &tea pftrti9ipi!,..iim.,lg. the people in all
lialYrirlsistliereff public administration—on this self-
government of the' people, joined to the inviolability of
the rights of man, guaranteed against all encroachments
—on these principles, I say, I would found the political
organization of my Country.
I consider this organisation eminently democratic.
It is oven more so than the political institutions of the
United States of America ; and, happily, in the ey. a of
Hungary, such an organisation will not partake of the
character of a theoretical novelty, au innovation frigh-
tening more than it could benefit; on the contrary it
will spring with so much vitality from the traditional
character and sentiments of Llungsry that it will be
hailed by the entire nation as al ancient friend purified
from error and re'essed from weakness and defects.
None but the party z salots of authority—those blas-
phemers who vainly fancy themselves called to play the
tutors of nations whom they would gladly condemn to
everlasting minority—there aro none but those who can
have a word to utter against these ideas. But their dis-
pleasure were an honour rather than a discredit. They
would found the social state upon authority, I would
rather see it established on liberty.
I am not of the number of those rash innovators who
would upset all that they find existing for the sake of
inventing something new. I have arrived at a period of
life at which illusions pass away and the passions are
calmed by age and the discipline of sorrow. I have ex-
perienced mdch. I have sought oat the causes of the
decline and fall of states, and the misfortunes of my
fellow men both in the pages of history and in the study
of men and manners; and I have come to this profound
and unchanging conviction, that nothing but the prin-
ciple of liberty, revered and obeyed above all other con-
siderations, can resolve the great problem of the rege-
neration of nations, and heal the present maladies of
European society.
Ido not then cast my eyes around far a^tificial doc-
trines, for truth is always simple as the great laws of
nature herself. Here then I pause.
I believe that such an organisation, forndtd on liberty
is capable of giving to Hungary sufficient force to repc.l
in future all dangers with which it could be threatened
from without. But should my country think that
something else is wanting to complete this safety,
whether on its own account or for the sake of the
interests which free nations have in command, I
believe that it will find it in fraternal confederacies with
neighbouring countries—a thought which lies very neer
my heart, since by it I understand not a fusion of the
boundaries of my owu and other countries, but an asso-
ciation having for its only end united action against ex-
terior aggression.
The question of nationalities is the apple of discord
which the cabinet of St. Petersburgh has thrown in the
midst of nations in order to draw them under its ell-
disposing protection. Passions so ready to sacrifice
true interests and even liberty itself to the vanity of
their illusions—passions excited by violent men, venal or
else ambitious—have sown the seeds of hatred where love
and fraternity ought to spring, and of these the sacri-
legious nature of Austria has availed itself to divide
those popular forces which, united in the love of liberty,
would have overturned her: and thus she has excited
race to rise against race in order that, in the end, she
might deserve and oppress all.
I do not believe that the progress of humanity, which
is only possible by liberty, has gained anything by these
rivalries.

I do not see the question of nationality raised in the
United States of America; on the contrary, I see dif-
ferent populations united by the principle of liberty, and
hence I see them great—free—happy.
To me this is interesting. Out of liberty there is no
salvation.
In Europe the question of nationality has been thrust
into the foreground, and liberty will long feel the effects
of this mistake. It is disastrous. Nevertheless, we must
take the question of race as we find it. It is there, and
it must have a solution.
I have already given one. Let it then be remembered,
Hungary
an
dw
established
have not
ot on ds
separated
withar
ate d
territories, nationalities
gthaatht ein red o
but with populations of many races, inhabiting one and
the same country, in which they live intermingled e
with another, in such a manner that no mark'ng ed
one
territorial nationality would be possible. mg out of
.u.
nder such
circumstances there is no conceivable settlement of the
question other than that which I have given. He who
desires more would oppress my nation to the profit of
his; and he who asks not to oppress another should not
permit another to oppress him.
I hold nationality in great account: I would be at aoy
pains to bo just, and I earnestly seek the means of
guarding every susceptibility of this sentiment. I would
grant all to nationality within the state, but I would
make no concession whatever to those unreasonable de-
mands which involve the sacrifice of the state's exist-
ence. Suet a sacrifice were death. A state may sub-
mit to death, but it does not commit suicide, if a future
ha Doaaible.
Thus far am I, and thus far aro my friends -I will
add, thus far is my country—ready to sacrifice all but
the existence and the assured future of my country, for
the settlement of the question of nationality.
As to Crotia and belavonia, if they will ally them_
selves with us to combat Austria, and reconquer our
common independence, I declare that, although fur eight
centuries these countries have belonged to the Crown of
Hungary, we are ready to renounce them and to recog-
nise their independence as sovereign states, only adding
to that recognition sumo just demands, in
nowise -
affect-
ing the question of independence.
And why do I say that wo are ready to make
sucha
sacrifice? Because Croatia and Sclavonia have a cir-
cumscribed territory, geographically defined by the
Adriatic Sea, the Drave, the Save, and , the Danube; bee the inhabitants of this % veil-define .c 1 territory form
a homogcneou3 ucttioual population, unmized with ,isiti-