The Sun.
London, England, 1834-07-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 16, 1834

nay the great body of the people of England, are anxious
to place Ireland on an equal footing with this country ;
they will reform the Irish Church, and lighten the bur-
dens of the Catholics ; but if, after this, measures are
persevered in for separating the two countries, the
House of Commons will speak out in a manner not to
be misunderstood. There is no fact more indisputable
than this. While Ireland had so many grounds of
complaint, only one English Member was found
to vote for repeal, and we leave the Repealers
to judge what will be the tone of that House
when these grounds of complaint are removed, and
attempts are still made to effect an object which would
endanger the security of the Empire.

From the turn which circumstances have taken, it
is evident that the obnoxious clauses of the Coercion
Bill will be omitted. Lord ALTHORP could not carry
through the House measures which it is now known
he, and the most efficient of his coadjutors in the
Commons, protested against in the Cabinet.

A Cabinet Council was held this day, for the pur-
pose of completing the Ministerial arrangements. By
' to-morrow, we suppose, all will be settled, and the
country be put in full possession of the names of those
to whom the guardianship of its liberties is to by hence-
forth intrusted. Meanwhile, enough has already
transpired to calm down all public apprehension on the
subject. It is rather curiosity than anxiety, that the
country now feels. The reappointment of Lord AL-
-1 !TORY has dissipated all those gloomy conjectures and
anticipations which but one short week since took such
forcible possession of the public mind. His Lordship
being again in office, it follows almost as a matter of
course, that the new Cabinet should answer public
expectation. By-the-bye, some of our Morning Con-
temporaries are exceedingly nervous on this point.
They seem to think that his Lordship having re-
signed, he must instantly put four horses to his car-

riage, travel down to Northamptonshire, and u

dergo the process of re-election. We are happy
to have it in our power to remove all their
amiable doubts and apprehensions on this score. His

Lordship need do no such thing. True, he resigned

but his seals of office were not formally lodged in his
MAJESTY'S hands ; no successor was appointed ;
no successor was even dreamed of—notwithstanding
what the Tories may have urged, and still urge to the
contrary—nothing, in fact, was finally settled ; and

such being the case, his Lordship can re-enter the
House of Commons as first Minister of the Crown
there, without giving his friends in Northampton-

shire an opportunity of again testifying the warmth
of their respect and attachment towards him. Our
contemporaries will, of course, be delighted to hear that
such is the case. They are exceedingly profuse of
liberal sayings ; indeed, if one may judge of them by
their professions, they positively overflow with libe-
rality ; and cannot therefore but be delighted to learn
that they have been in error in this instance.

We have said that certain of our contemporaries are
profuse in their profession of liberal sentiments. It is
a pity that they show this spirit in so eccentric a man-
ner ; and in their eagerness to secure the greatest
amount of good for their countrymen—of whom, and
perhaps not without justice, they look on themselves
as the pride and the ornament—do all in their power
to deprive them of it. Thus we find them taking,
time by the forelock—anticipating grievances, and ac-
tually condemning a Ministry, which is yet but a
chick in the egg-shell, and all their knowledge of
which amounts just to this, that when formed, it will
be formed on a principle of union and decision. And
what makes this display of liberality the more droll and
original, is that our contemporaries actually supported
the Government, when it was notoriously disunited ;
and only began to -find fault with it when its greatest
stumbling-blocks were removed out of its path by the
retirement of Mr. STANLEY and Sir JAMES GRA-
HAM ! Then, and not till then, did one of the most
influential among our contemporaries discover that all
was not what it should be. So long as an infusion of
Tory spirit remained in the Cabinet, it was thought
worthy of the high honour of its approbation ; but the
very hour—nay, the very instant such incumbrande
was got rid of, our contemporary's jealous liberality
took the alarm ; his eyes were opened, and with a
grave mysterious shake of the head, he predicted all
sorts of horrors arid disasters to the country.
Fortunately, he has lived to see his error. and as
he is by no means deficient in sagacity, we confidently
expect to find him in a few days extolling the new
Ministry to the skies. In this he will be only echoing
the voice of the country, which, for one generation at
least to come, will turn a deaf ear to the Tory charm-
ers, " charm they never so wisely." Had there been
the slightest chance for this party, we should have
found it out ere this. They were at work in every
quarter—there were hurryings and scurryings to and
from Apsley House, the like of which was never be-
fore heard of, yet—all ended in nothing I When the
time arrived for the Tory muster-roll at the Carlton
Club, scarce a man among them but was reported ab-
sent. They could talk of responsibility, but they did
not dare to face it. The indignation of the country,
which they always professed to despise, was too much
for their delicate and disordered apprehensions. They
quailed before it to a man, and now, we understand,
console themselves by the reflection that no really good
Government can henceforth be carried on under the
Reform Bill. Unfortunately, here, as in everything
else, they are mistaken. The fact is just the reverse.
So far from no good Government being able to be ad-
ministered, no bad one can, under the new system ;
in proof of which we refer to the Tories late inability
to form a Ministry among themselves.

The official papers relating to the case of poor
BOYD, moved for by Mr. O'DWYER,. have been laid
on the table of the House of Commons. They are
too long, and not sufficiently interesting for publica-
tion at length ; but, from a careful perusal of them,
we must exonerate the servants of the British Govern-
g
ment, at home and abroad, from all blame in that me-
lancholy transaction. What the law of nations per-
mitted to be done, to save the life of an ill-fated
British subject, was promptly executed, both by Lord
PALMERSTON and Mr. MARKS, the Consul at Ma-
laga, but with what success is known to the country.
However, there is no disguising the fact that Mr.
BOYD had entered into a deep conspiracy to overturn
the Spanish Government—that he was in daily com-
munication with outlaws—and that he supplied money
out of his own private purse, to carry the designs of
traitors into execution. He had likewise taken up
arms against the King of SPAIN, and had, in short,
embarked his every energy in support of the cause for
which he forfeited his life.

But although the country must be satisfied, from the
documents now produced, that neither Lord PALMER-

STON nor our consuls in Spain were wanting in their
duty ; nothing has come to light to abate the feeling
of execration with which all men view the infernal artifice
of the blood-thirsty wretch INIORENO. His atrocity
receives a darker hue from every fresh disclosure ; and
it is our sincerest wish that the execration of all the
good may drive him " to and fro in the earth," an out-
cast and a vagabond from all society. As to renewing
the enquiry, by again bringing it under the notice of
the Court of Spain, we do not see -kny good that could
be effected by it, and, therefore, our opinion is that the
wisest and best course would be to drop the subject
altogether. The Spanish Minister, when signing the
order for the execution of ToRRIJOS and his followers,
knew nothing whatever of there being an Englishman
among them ; and as soon as MORENO'S treachery was
complained of by the British Consul, no time was lost
in dismissing him from the government of Grenada,
and exiling him from the Court, which in point of
fact, was a punishment more severe than the consti-
tutional law of Spain would have sanctioned for such
a crime ; and perhaps, too, more than England would
have inflicted, were the case reversed. But whatever
conflicting opinions there may be on this point, every
person who reflects for a moment on the prompt at-
tention given to this affair from its very commence-
ment by Lord PALMERSTON, and the Spirit of
honest sincerity evinced by the Spanish Ministry,
must he convinced of the folly of pursuing the in-
quiry any farther. Great praise is due to our Am-
bassador at the Court of Spain, our Consul at
Malaga, and other servants of the Crown, who hu-
manely interfered to save the life of BOY D, without
waiting for instructions from the Foreign-office. There

is no doubt that had Lord PALMERSTON'S note to
the Spanish Minister reached Madrid before the exe-
cution of BOYD, that the life of the unhappy man
would have been saved ; and, therefore, his execution
was not the act of FERDIN AND, but of the murdering
wretch MoRENO.

For the better understanding of the particu-
lars of this extraordinary case, we subjoin a let-
ter addressed by Mr. ADDINGTON, who is now in
London, to Lord PA LAIERSTON, in which the most
important particulars are minutely detailed. His
Lordship, we are happy to see, conducted the inquiry
with a prudence, promptness, and zeal, which must
ensure for him the respect of every British subject.
As we may not again return to this subject, we may
as well observe, that this letter is extracted from the
Parliamentary document before alluded to, and is in
itself an epitome of the entire correspondence so far as
the memory of BOYD is concerned :

Henry Unwin Addington, Esq., to Viscount Palmerston.
London, July 2, 1834.
My Lord,--On my return to town yesterday, I received
through Mr. Boathouse, the expression of your Lordship's
wishes that I would state to you, in an official form, the par-
ticulars of whatever communications I might have held with
the Spanish Government relative to the execution of Mr.
Boyd, subsequently to the 2d September, 1832, the date of
my last dispatch to your Lordship on that subject. I hasten
to comply with your Lordship's desire.
Your Lordship will recollect, that within one month from
the above-mentioned date, the Ministry, under which the en-
trapment and execution of General Torrijos and his adherents
had taken place, was dismissed by the King, and the principal
Minister disgraced and exiled. You may also recollect, that
no sooner were other Ministers of opposite principles appointed
in the place of those deposed, than General Moreno was de-
graded from the post of Captain-general of Grenada, which
had been conferred on him as the reward of his treachery to-
wards Torrijos, and sent to Seville en cuartel, which means,
exile from the Court.

Under these circumstances, it appeared to me not only that
there was no real utility in further pressing for the explana-
tions respecting the execution of Mr. Boyd, which your Lord-
ship had directed me to desire from the Spanish government,
but that, under the altered aspect and improved principles of
the Spanish cabinet, it would be impolitic to revert to a trans-
action of which the responsibility lay entirely with the preced-
ing ministry, the Count de la Alcudia excepted.
In addition to this consideration, that of the appointment of
the Queen to the Vicegerency of affairs, during the physical
incapacity of the King to support the fatigues of government,
weighed much with me in confirming me in the above line of
policy.
This intermediate state of affairs lasted some months.
:When the King resumed the sole direction of affairs, and
reintroduced, in part, the old despotic system of government,
the time was already passed for demanding afresh the expla-
-nation desired by your Lordship under other circumstances ;
and it appeared to me to be contrary to every principle of
sound practical policy to revive a discussion which could only
have tended to mutual embitterment, without the chance of
producing any result which could be satisfactory to us. For
the King could hardly in justice have inflicted on General
Moreno any further punishment than the degradation which he
had already undergone. And we, on' the other hand, could
scarcely demand from the Spanish government any other satis-
faction than the punishment of that individual for the inhuma-
nity of his treatment to Mr. Boyd. For although the mode of
his entrapment of Torrijos and his followers was odious, and
such as to excite the horror of every honourable mind, yet
surely the legality of the stratagem ' qua' the individual who
executed, or the Government which authorised and approved
it, Cannot be. questioned, and as little that of the execution of
Mr. Boyd, since that misguided young man was undoubtedly
taken in an act of armed hostility against the King ; and, in
truth, he might, according to the strict terms of a royal decree
published not long before, have been executed on the
spot, without any reference being made to the Government
at Madrid.

Such, my Lord, were the general grounds which induced
me to abstain from further pressing the point in question on
the Spanish Government, in its altered position, without fur-
ther instructions from home • and in truth, I felt so perfectly
assured that his Majesty's Government would themselves view
the matter in this light, that I deemed it unnecessary to bring
the subject further under your Lordship's consideration, with a
view to provoking such instructions.
Nevertheless, I thought it not right to let the matter drop
entirely, but to keep it just sufficiently alive to admit of his
Majesty's Government reviving it, in case they should think fit
to do so. With this object, I called the attention of M. de
Zea, in a general manner, to this case, amongst many other
unsettled claims, of which I presented a list to him shortly
after his assumption of the seals of the Foreign Department,
in December, 1832.

I again recalled the case, in the same general manner, to
that Minister's recollection, in April, 1833, on which occa-
sion he informed me that he had not been able to find in his
office the papers which the Count de l'Acudia had assured me
he had caused to be drawn up relative to this transaction. I
think it due, however, to that Honourable Noblemen to assert
my, conviction that these papers did exist at the period of his
dismissal from office ; for in the whole course of my varied and
difficult relations with him, I never knew him fail in his word,
and believe him to be incapable of doing so.
I again, on the 12th of September, a few days prior to my
final departure from Spain, submitted the case of Mr. Boyd,
in a general list of unsettled claims, to M. de Zea's attention,
but not with any intention to provoke further discussion on it,
unless it should please his Majesty's Government tore-open it
at any future time.
(Signed) H. U. ADDINGTON.

I have, &c.

earvrin theya,sn patriarchs.
t live
The opening of a direct communication to India by
steam-navigation, as recommended in the Resolutions of
a Committee of the House of Commons, which appeared
in The Sun of yesterday, would admirably harmonize
with the efforts which are being made to facilitate the
internal trade of this country, by means of Railroads.
Both
projects reflect the highest credit on those con-
cernedin them, and their success will be one of the
greatest
advances ever made towards effecting the
civilisation, and uniting the energies of mankind.
They
are a literal fulfilment of the Lover's prayer,
who besought the gods to annihilate time and space ;
dwindle distance ; and extend the period of
mortal existence beyond the age of the antedi-
atriarchs. How long, for instance, does the
merchant
now, compared with what he did forty
years ago I—that is, provided the length of human
life be measured by the moral and physical acts per-
formed in it, which is the only way in which it ought
to be measured. Improvements in roads, and the sub-
stitution of mail-coaches for saddle, sumpter, and pack
horses, have saved four-fifths of the traveller's time ;
and consequently added just so many hours to his
life ; for we need not quote the authority of " Poor i

Richard," of Almanack notoriety, to prove that so
much saved is so much gained. The invention of
steam navigation was the next great improvement ; and
followed as it has been by the construction of rail-
roads, there seems nothing wanting but the cultivation
of these mighty conquests of science over physical
evil, to make the whole earth one great family, whose
several members will contribute to the mutual welfare
and instruction of each other.

The benefit to this country from a speedy corn
munication with her territories in India will be im

mense. One-fourth of the time will at least be saved,
and voyages which were hitherto made in so many
months, will be effected under the recommendations of
the Committee in as many weeks. This will be a great
encouragement to the English to go out and settle
there ; and no doubt thousands of enterprising indivi-
duals will avail themselves of it. What chiefly impeded
sailing to India was the great Monsoons, or winds
blowing steadily for six months in one direction,
so that ships could only make a voyage to,
or from, India when these winds were favour-
able. This impediment will be in part over-
come by steam-sailing, and in part by opening a
communication with India by the Red Sea and the,
River Euphrates, which the Committee recommend on
the authority of the East India Company, who have
had five years' experience of its practicability. All
that now remains is, that Parliament adopt the reso-
lutions of the Committee, and carry them into effect
with the least possible delay.

We refer to the French Papers in another column,
by which it will be seen—if we may believe them—
that Don CARLOS has actually arrived in Spain, and
has placed himself at the head of the Carhsts.

FRENCH FUNDS.—Pakts, JULY 12.
Five per Cents., 106 f. 50c. 70c. 55c.
Four per Cents., 941. —c.
Three per Cents., 76f B.lc. 77f 76f. 90c.
Bank Actions, 1,785 f. —c.
Rente de Naples, 9 if. Ioc.
Roman Five per Cents., 96.
Rente ,I'Espagne, Five per Cents., 30 nl%.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 42'i.
Bova; Spanish Loan, 77.
Rente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 645.
Belgian Loan, 18:11, Five per Cent., 991,6.
flaytian Loan, 290 f.
EXCHANGE ON LoNnos.
(toe month, pai er, —e.; money, 251. 3256 c.
Three months, 'paper, 25f. ; money, 25f. 20c.
—t'ohrs duthentique.

The latest accounts from Rome announce the
POPE'S determination to fulminate the thunders of the
Church against the young Queen of PORTUGAL,
unless DON PEDRO revoke the sentence for the
suppression of the convents. His Holiness, it seems,
delayed appearing in all his terrors as long as there
remained a hope that the EX-EMPEROR and REGENT
would come to terms through the intervention of
the Court of France ; but finding delay useless, he
now threatens the QUEEN and all her subjects
with excommunication. We have no means of
knowing whether the POPE will, in reality, be foolish
enough to have recourse to this mad expedient in these
liberal times ; but his doing so will be the downfall of
his authority in Portugal.