The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-07 00:00:00

MAGAZINES, &c.—(CONTINUED.)
13 E; A' T L E. r.
" A. Glance at Sark." with which the Illiscellany
fur October opens, is an admirably written narrative
of an excursion to one of the most interesting and ex-
traordinary portiens of the British dominion*, the
Only part of the world, pet hips, in which the feudal
laws are still subsisting in their full vigour, and which
form the antiquity of its laws and customs, the pri••
mitive simplicity of its inhabitants, the sublimity of
its scenery, and the rarity of its natural productions,
is interesting alike to the antiquatiln, the tourist, and
the student. Tnie is followed by an excellent cri-
tique of the principal paintings in the Dulwich Gal-
lery, written in a fine and genial spirit. " Anecdotes
of Duelling" are continued, as is the paper on
add suns al cry and Usurers." Mr. Alfred Cole gives four
protihapters of his most interesting and, at the
sent time more especially, valuable work, entitled
The Cape and the Kafirs ; or Notes of Five Years'
Residence in South Africa." Ie these chap-
ters
he points out the great source
of wealth which the fisheries offer to tile colony, and
which are entirely neglected : the bank of Agulhas,
which extends along the whole southern coast of
other spot on the
Africa) is more plentifully supcli:d with fish than any
glob,", and yet the fisheries are pl
thecom-
etely
neglected by the colonists and left entirely
in hands of the Malays, who are the
only fishermen. "You may teke, a boat," says
Mr. Cole,
" and let down your net at any
dra
ne w
i point off the coast, and you are certain to
tuP full of excellent fish. Tnere are no dues,
no restrictions as to locality or season. Tne country
produces e
enormous quantities of salt, and everything
B,''ehas to combine to force the importance of their
fisheries
n upon the colonists. And yet they are well
Illarigishi eg`eeted'' It would be well that some enter•
prising Persons from the mother country should at
onee undertake the task of developing the riches of
the
South
some valuable
Afriae,.a.nt. oean.
hMr.
_Cole gives us
appears to be statistics of s eep farming, which
at the same be a most profitable pursuit,. but.
nie time
can devote one of the laziest to which a man
Pula a himself ; this, perhaps, renders it so po•
t) M. cr"ing the Cape colonists, who are, according
It would 's
account of them, the laziest of mankind.
W
, be well that our humanitarians, who take
e Plundering liefirs under their immediate protection,
!should read the opening of Mr. Coles's fifth chapter,
thein
which} he the
:—" An idea seems prevalent among
•ess informed that the English have encroached
nn the territories of the liefirs. Nothing can be
inlore Untrue. There is not an inch of the Cape co-
cannot be
411,Y that ever belonged to the liltirs," a fact which
too often repeated, and which affords a
be d • - erto all the
Cole describes the
"rnijlete an•vt•
rrivilled on the subject. Mr. Co
il.:lneipation of the slaves as having been most direful
its results in the Cape colony. tie say.s:— .
do going to
" I urn not defend (even were it possible to
have)s() the principle of slavery in the abstract; but I
a11„,,t0 deal with simple facts. It is notorious that the
-'eti were most kind and indulgent master to their
;Iv". It is equally notorious that no class of people
per
better fed, clothed, or cared for; less overworked,
Or •
N la any way ill used, than the slave population in
~-",,elltb Africa. The Government at home thought
„`,.""Nr, from the noblest and purest motives, and at a ratliest sacrifice, to set these people free. What was the
"et
11 These people (amounting to thirty-six thou-
-11:')? th)e, 'who had hitherto had their every want supplied
ir for the masters, found the responsibility of providing
ir
ai raselves thrust upon them without any previous
1,--ai'ing or preparation. Sell-reliance they could not
this nesiblY hare. But they were dazzled by the name of
wto b boon, `freedom.' They thought it a fine thing
the oMselves at the beck and call of no man; they pictured to
, the savage's seventh heaven of delight, the
'reed°,
abandoned' to do nothing except get drunk.. They actually
not
their old masters in a body; those who had
therarneat, equally
treat Due word of complaint to utter against their past
with those who might consider
hetneVres aggrieved. They abandoned their ancient
Isturulkri commenced the celebration of those fearful
them,
a_a,whieb have already immolated two-thirds of
town nand which to this dry fill the streets of every
baUehe-ry.vidago in the colony with drunkenness and de-
and" Thos congregated in the towns in small, confined,
refu3o theme aPartutionta, living or half-starving on any
generous adould procure in idleness, in lieu of the
Masters. ,pi, pie.t.fid meals supplied
huts covered by their late
weY Planted themselves iu wretched filthy
bags, and dirtyh old hides, decayed rags, rotten sugar-
A to 1-• i thatch, through which came rain and
1114ces thecAll the miserabl occupants. From these
issued b
1,14,trt? ebilliet
I,o_ 3 ut seldom, and then to earn only a
tell of the h
shall it
frua drritikurne trivial service, and to purchase
theseputs and den to continue their debaucn. Who
horrible seeues of fiendish depravity
(.3atileace
folii)s exhibited?
theta in forms
unknown
aleasles and smallpox assailed
could chek thQ© fearful-49wh •
ill our own country. Nothing
seized one th . progre,
beached
N e itupoverished2B of these diseases as theey.
egro end e..
n amid weakened, and d
destru t. v I
-lotto • the c 1"
in ewlelene , ""et' The plague was not so
coloured class,' -- "3 were these maladies among
in tb •
cir lauts in the'B at the ceee.
r They died not alone
Aides'
as
~_ towns and villages, but on the road-
Op, a fi.(_,l(ii.A.eY Wandered the knew not - in the
be b I, iti miserable '.3'. new not whither;
4, In-at uver tee de.. - cabins (which were obliged to
nu It would be ;'_"•Ying remains of the dead).
mber de' ieupossible to estimate correctly the
to stroyed b
say that Y this dreadful visitation. bodice it
t,i,ibly dee the cols dreadful races in bouth Africa were
eag,rideredreab7lthby it; and that it it were not actually
livu'i;'
it
was - --e
state in '4 bieh tilthe races were thee
trees
~,
gulfs tit least frightfully augmented in its disas-
-1:414 r.v by the expos.et condition in which the
/reel cP4tioh il,et had paced- their removal
~
~ the pto.o.__ls
1.
r them—by
lt ttrest, as
1:704_ as e;'er7 Ab",,!_triPaon . those whom se •in '
e s,, , , , rottet and ail them.
‘., lar f 8e1y,.... ur thin evils wrought upon the slaves them-
etrei evils which have nut puesed away, but whose dire
izaliVeuraare but too visible to this hour. As for their
ea the ungathered vintages, fallow fields, crops rotten
laboar.,grouud, untended
flocks, onserved tables, and
experielaeking warehouses—these were a few of the evils
geed
a!eti by the colonists. The Doter), who had pur-
rs ,,,rieultur, were literally ruined. They could net
44,, tabourer to aid them. The progress of the colony
reeu_earfully retarded by it, and it has not to this day
,r, rered from the she
rrof
e .essor Creasy begins a series, entitled "Unsue-
Niul Greet Men," _with an admirable analysis of
the e.
ttlhhcharacter and motives of Demosthenes. Essays
as this of Professor Creasy, on philosophical
oltory, are of the very highest order.

AMERICAN NEWS

LIVERPOOL, Moanay.
By the Royal Mail steam. ship Niagara, Captain
Leitch, we have advices from New York direct to
the 24th ult. She brings 477,500 dolls. in specie on
freight. Throughout the passage the Niagara has
experienced very boisterous weather.
The United States' steam-ship Washington, Floyd
commander, arrived at New York, from Bremen and
Southampton, on the 23d ult.
The Royal Mail steam-ship Africa, Ryrie com-
mander, with the mails of the 13th ult., arrived at
New York at seven m. on the 24th, after a fine run
of about 11 days.
On the 27th the Niagara passed a large screw
steamer, supposed to be the Glasgow, for New York.
Oar miscellaneous advices mention that 35 people
had been killed by a steam-boat explosion. The New
York Tribune contains the following interesting com-
munication relative to yacht building :
" Darius Davison writes us that it is his intention to
build a yacht within the period of six months from this
date, of a tonnage and coat equal to the tonnage and
cost of the yacht America. Said yacht to be built, mo-
dslled, and rigged on a plan different from any vessel
or yacht now afloat; and to be held ready at any thLm
within the period of one year from the date (after being
completed) to sail against any vessel or yacht, or num-
ber of vessels or yachts, now afloat in this country or
Europe, that may be entered for the race. The trial of
speed and sailing qualities to take place at any time
chosen by a majority of the owners of vessels entered
for the race, and to be run as they shall choose, for any
distance, upon the ocean or inland waters, in a heavy or
light breeze, with or against the wind. The owner of
any vessel entered for the race, not satisfied with the
time and circumstances chosen by a majority to make
the trial of speed and sailing qualities, shall be at liberty
to withdraw their vessel at any time before one week
preceding the time chosen for the contest. This provi-
sion is not to apply to the vessel entered by the sub-
scriber; his yacht shall be held ready to sail at any
place and time within the period specified, and under any
circumstances chosen by a majority of the owners of
other vessels. That only first class, well-tried sail
vessels or yachts may be entered for the racs. The
prizss to be sailed for are as follow:—In case the sub-
scriber's yacht win the race, the vessel which comes out
second, and the vessel lust out in the race, to be forfeited
to him. And in case his yacht is beaten, he will deliver
her, with all her appurtenances, to the winner of the
race as a prize."
The completion of the line of railways connecting
Boston and Alontreal has been celebrated with great
festivity in Boston. Among the guests on the occa-
sion were the President of the United States, and se-
veral members of his Cabinet, Lord Elgin, Governor-
General of Canada, and his suite, Surveyor-General
Hinckes, Hon. Charles Wilson, Mayor of Montreal,
several members of the City government, Judges
Alwyn, Day, and Mondelet, Sir Allen M`Nab, lion.
John Moulson, President of the Champlain and St.
Lawrence Railroad, several officers of the British
army, and 10 or 15 members of the Canadian Par-
liament.
The annual fair of the New York State Agricul-
tural Society has been held at Rochester. It was
numerously attended by distinguished public charac-
ters of the United States and of Canada.
13enjainin Rand Curtis, an eminent lawyer of
Boston, has been nominated by President Fillmore to
the seat on the bench of the Supreme Court left vacant
by the death of the Hon. Levi Woodbury. Mr.
Curtis is a political follower and personal admirer of
Mr. Webster.
Kinkel, the German poet and patriot, has arrived at
New York, in connexion with the operations of the
German revolutionists.
There are two weeks' later intelligence from Cali-
fornia, by the Illinois and Cherokee, which dates
from San Francisco to the 15th August.
San Francisco is rapidly recovering from the effects
of the recent conflagration. The principal streets
which were, but a short time since, almost tenantless,
are now lined with handsome shops, with tempting
displays of valuable wares and merchandise. The
trick buildings.which were destroyed are nearly all
rebuilt and refitted, and arc now fireproof. In addition,
very many new brick arid stone structures have been
erected, and a large number are now in progress.
Every kind of business is reviving. A large fall
trade was confidently expected by the merchants.
The state is in the enjoyment of general tranquil-
lity. The constituted authorities are in the full per-
formance of their functions, aided by the respective
Vigilance Committees, and a feeling of security is
quite prevalent.
The latest intelligence from the Indian country is
of a favourable character, and little trouble is to be
apprehended from that quarter. The mining interest
was never in better condition, and the yield of gold
never larger. Toe agricultural resources of the State
have been largely and profitably developed during the
past season.
Two fires have taken place in Sacramento City,
detroying a theatre, several shops and dwelling-
Ifuses, and other property to the amount of over
40,000 dollars. The city had a narrow escape from
being laid in ashes.
From Oregon the intelligence is gratifying. A
favourable treaty has been formed with the Rouge
River Indians by General Gaines, who has returned
from that district, and states that there is a good pros-
pect of the preservation of tranquillity. The emi-
gration across the plains has diminished. Several
small companies on the road bad been advised not to
attempt to come to California on account of the In-
dians, and they had turned toward Oregon.
There will be as many as six steam-boats on the
Oregon rivers in a short time. The papers are dis-
cussing projects fur plank roads. The improvement
of the Tualatin is gradually going on at the expense
of persons acting in a private capacity. It is now
clear for seven or nine miles at the lower extremity.
Some twelve heavy drifts have been removed by per-
sons engaged in rafting saw-logs. The task of re-
moving the obstructions is by no means so formidable
as was at first anticipated. The crops everywhere
look remarkably well ; wheat and oats are now
" ripe for the sickle," and the farmers busily en-
gaged in harvesting.
The organization of the Utah territory is making
pragress. The Governor has issued his proclamation
calling an election for members of the Territorial
Legislature. The nominations have all been made.
in th
There are seven counties and one precinct laid out
consisting of Great Salt Lake,
is
Davis,) Weber, territory,
Tooele, Utah, San Pete, Iron, and
Bsidge precinct. There are numerous buildings in
course of completion in Salt Lake City : about five
hundred men are digging for the foundation of a new
taenoldpsfelendid tabernacle, hauling rock, &c. Shortly the
will be commenced, and the intention is to
that in style oflli
proud Style
build a most agnificent and costly building, one
Temple,
will much surpass the
,iitoisntianincl:otteptnlep,lation to build a railroad to
and be a wonder to after
Mis;
from Salt Lake Iron County, about 250 miles
whereitesh there is an abundance
k.;iteysd,ae
of iron ore.
sinlcireo
are to the 17th September.
vt aandnvai
eh
omurHlaas
have been taken in the Into more American prisoners
prevrtains and brought into
baaoticsilertal under medical at-
sons, captured, twenty,
Havannah. Of those
five remain in the military,
tendance. The remainder
area rent vessels, with
sons, have been sent to Spain in
receivedvaiting ship at
to 138 per-
the exception of ten, who
British the kindest
Havannah. The prisoners have
published
Consul at
to his' generous
attentions from Mr. Crawford, the
eixlapvreasnsninahg,
tahnedir, boyars embarking,
party.
°lam had been contributedkilled in
ed a card
effNoretsarolyn tBhoei,oroboehdaelfl
Havannah for the families of those and
wounded in battles with the Lopez
At
be-
nefit at the Tacon Theatre over eight thousandadol-lars was realised. On the 9th a grand
Deum was
performed at the Cathedral in honour of the deceased.
On the same day the troops were reviewed, and
General Concha decorated many of the participants
in the late engagements. Don Francisco Gonzales
Gorantes and Don Jose Metza have been outlawed
for secreting arms.
A full account of the expedition has been published
by two of the released prisoners, Captains Kelly and
Somers. Captain Kelly arrived in this city
day, the 22d inst., by the packet-ship Norma which
left Havannah on the 7th inst. lie speaks freely of
the gross deception which was practised upon him
and his comrades by the journals in this country
which have advocated the invasion of Cuba. As has
joined the been stated by many others, they j
expedi-
tion in the firm belisf that the island was in a state of
revolt, and was ready to welcome them as allies on
their first landing. The number of killed, on the
Spanish side, in Captain Kelly's opinion, did not ex-
ceed 300 at the utmost. A much larger number was
wounded.
The expedition was under the rules and regula-
tions of the United States army, as regards pay,
promotion, &c. No promises were made of bounty,
or a large reward to the soldiers in case of success,
according to the story that has been widely circu-
lated.

4. COLONIAL.
'-1 2Q" Hints how to end the Kafir War" the writer,
,q; ,I,"u Signs hitnswle "Klip Springer," strikes at the
z'Y root, and although his measures may appear
14, 1
ilo ?i what too severe, there is no doubt but that. his
Ilp 0-,eiWs on the subject are correct in the main. Or the
i'fi' ak,`ler articles the most interesting is anßacdcosunt of
1,-7u) our valuable Gibraltar of the
CinAble both as protecting our steam communicationea
f . lth the East and as offering great advantages for
i .44 .
t Air; both with Arabia and the opposite coast of
ea. These advantages are thus clearly put for-
-0 'Ward by the writer :_._.
5,
~ 0,44,1 a trading port, Aden possesses great advantages
l 0 goer i-oeha; its harbour may be entered by a Chip or
k,,, aft any period of the year, and quitted with .
'it °tilt 4°11"Y; whereas the port of Mucha is very dilli
1 The of access in the mouths of March, April, and May.
d 4, kuehcluff_ce districts are actually nearer, to it than to
Other 1, ant the road equally safe and convenient..
It7ci':_hieurg,:iltaawancis in Yemen are within an easy journey,.
Populous places in the province of
ttab ri4ulnt are open for its trade. The mountains to
eee!r9l trituea
0' ithPortaintgt produce gums, frankincense, anu
~ both, claw, the ad;
in honey and wax might become very
scentas countries yielding abundance ot
11 Blaures of,- th°t -3
a quality as that produced on the
.; cur 1. , e Siediterrane Drugs are also to be pro-
:ct In large (1,4 . . an.
It
oaurcobasiderablueti"e; as
well
as
perfumes and spices,
i proportion of gum ambit!. The
I'
ve,sselo durTigg “lialethunly to the north of Berbera,
,With the Produce of n_orth-eastern monsoon can reach it,e
), ',piig wi...ti /1_,,r30f Afrioa, in twenty-four hours, z• .
0 °tort apses of '::,L,l__ la mil Indian produce in an equally_
ro ,41,re4t licitain ma" 7: the manufactures ot Indi.a, and
JP ;:Ne for nr.4l._ Ynus be introduced into Africa in ex-
zkl)eal..(l4,t,
csarrl'e7.:tegautethes; myrrh, hides, teeth,ellhae anxts'orts ot
ex-
-13 th,,,,,itatTe towns on the4' pro.siiotef Volliich s
consist.. It is,
)' ati well a,,' ~ Leuly to tho 9iuterest of the manufacturers
so
ttn." Lae? politician to maintain a place wnich affords
fs gool3 4, (.tvantiges.
Hardware and coloured cotton
outt_
n 3 I u the readitlt sale amongst th', Arabs; but the
I, Will°,loeitelsotkbeu„o fast colours, o'r the 'demand for thew
l'

tScrrEtt's sv---- -----,n—, --------a, • fairyland,
roniai
hallautifully v
i. Nvitli its MPOSILINI.--tioli enchanting ,
; _ . ", 8,2., still ‘
owds. M. 0°) e.
ariegated and charming scener)z, 13,a-r
InrtY crigr4t,i4te
11.couttuues to attractecesr
sful issue of his
i. to4;,!tntic utidertakinni. I.eiltt °P.
to I allues from the
,z;,,,l,ielvi'l-,8 O-11 ious erforance,s are
R
not to be etpialled -....., w..oss var .
Their
the troupe
R Flantation tivai the
the success of
Jattl 'mist be seen. to be appreciated
4 'lle airs trona tehe
they;;pia4t ivliclt they intrraueduLa•
!; aide
excellently, is
nelirgautteyd orpe
I eceived with shouts o
eadsevwehraielhfavou-
iv,
tho "LITARYSURQRONS, We understand, from, utuhe-
tltY, that the order that military surgeons should b,
~01)eenr,ators in inflicting at
on deserters,
P .ued --ork Consiitution.
, Snuosty I.)
—On
ecc., has been sus-
, 110. ~ RATII Al' A DANCING PARhTdY.
, bleu '(,,LY evening a company of young
0 for in the long room of the Albion persons a asseinto-
Hotel, Buxton-road,
tti the
into a danci g art-. Amongst the number
15:psiEnt was Mr. Altred 1.1a4M1,)a line tall young
man, aboutf
c'ir,l,,teen years ohl, sou of Mr. C. Hanson, watchmaker., u
titrapel-hill. A little after tea o'clock
, t.l!ed the " Scbtittislie dance, , in which Mr. flans hadhonreeled
the party had con.
+iiituen a part, and before he nad time to take a seat
it'..;l,fell
.backwards on the door. The young man Iva:
uta. k,!fn.
0 an,djoini.ng room, proper restoratives applied, D,,'„ltt".
3 quite extinct on tha arrival of Mr. iiellawell and ''''
, -.4•skn!iiire nis.-.4ceds
Intelligencer.
, A strange accident
nwith Z.11.1,,-Nces occurred on At' a e
Lanthoy.bridger
tt dad fatal conse-
,Aleester. A
3.oling _ :rtty last at
.1 in . ".
Loa , named Charles Smith, aged 20,
11,) passing over the bridge, wlaen his attention was attracted
' 43' sotne moduli of sloops that vere b • carried along by
ts4(Atier person at the time the bri,lge being
being swung open
else kin-li a vessel. The deceased. kept walking on, at the
,
vl tulle looking back at the models, and not Perceiving the
`4iSe open, fell 4ateo the water 1414 a wail droviaed•

He is cautious in condemning the conduct of Mr.
Owen, the American Cuniut at Havannah, but
thinks he should have pursued a different course
himself.
On parting with Concha, Captain Kelly received
from him his passports without charge, a letter of
introduction to the Spanish Con*ul in this city, and
60 dollars in cash, besides an indifferent suit of
clothes.
Ou, of forty persons, comprising Captain Kelly's
company, he is the only one at liberty, and only
seven besides himself escaped alive. He appears to
be in excellent health, and shows no traces of his
recent captivity and sufferings, except his short hair,
which was cropped close to his head on being put into
prison.

DIED.—On Saturday, the 4th iust., at 5, Dovey-
cottages, Ringsland, Mr. George McPherson, of Halkirk, N. 8.,
aged 33 yet, deeply 14111eutO yy hiq 4llalez9w, fKivact,li

COURT CIRCULAR.
BALMORAL, SUNDAY.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince
Albert went yesterday to the BallochiThline.
The Royal dinner party yesterday inclu-led her
Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent and Lady
Augusta Bruce.

IRELeIND.—LABOUR AND CAPITAL.
(Prom the Derbyshire Courier.)
Let us suppose a newly discovered gold producing
l district in Australia, with a sufficient population in its
neighbourhood to extract its mineral riches. Here,
then, is gold and man. What is wanted to enable
man to possess himself of the all-coveted treasure ?
Capital. Before the man can realise the riches
spread out to his view, it is necessary that from
former accumulation he should be provided with food
to support himself while engaged in labouring, the
means of erecting habitations and workshops, and the
implements and machinery requisite for carrying on
his work. The savage when his immediate wants are
satisfied desists from labour, and as he never accumu-
lates, he has no resources at command to enable him
to create and multiply wealth. He may inhabit a
country rich in gold, copper, and iron, with land fer-
tile under cultivation, and capable of bestowing on its
inhabitants all the comforts and luxuries of existence;
but its mineral treasures supply him only with a few
barbaric ornaments, and he draws from its fruitful soil
only a bare sufficiency of the necessaries of life. But
as civilization advances, and capital accumulates, the
power which man obtains of availing himself of the
resources of the material world proportionably in-
creases. The wealth of the remotest regions of the
earth is appropriated by the application of the accu-
mulated capital of the Old World. English wealth
will draw forth the gold of Australia. Now, with-
out adopting the glowing sentiments of Irish patriots
as to the fertility end capabilities of their country, it
is impossible not to perceive that we have in Ireland
a mine of unexplored wealth lying close to our shores.
We say, making every abatement for over-statement
and over-appreciation, that Ireland is capable of be-
coming a most valuable portion of the United King-
dom—a contributor, in every sense, to the national
wealth and greatness. We have referred on a pre-
vious occasion to the means which are now in opera-
tion for improving the moral, religious, and social
character of the people—means w hich, in the opinion
of the best informed persons, are rapidly becoming
effectual. We now beg leave to invite attention
to the methods by which the industrious energies
of the people have been, and may be, called
out. Steam navigation and railway commu-
nication have produced, and are producing,
most beneficial results. They provide a market
for Irish produce of every kind. Ask a peasant in
Antrim or Tipperary what he does with his pig or
his poultry, and he will tell you that everything which
he can produce is collected by persons who make it
their business to go round the country, to be taken to
Belfast or Cork, and shipped off for the Liverpool or
London market. Every small farmer and cottager
has a ready market and a better price for his commo-
dities than he had a few years ago. Even with
present prices a large and increasing provision trade
with England is being at this moment transacted.
But there is another cause which has been silently at
work to improve the state of Ireland. The country,
we have said, possesses undoubted sources of undeve-
loped wealth. It has a people, also, who can and
will work when fairly remunerated for their labour.
At this time in county Cork, one of the best agricul-
tural counties in Ireland, the wages of an able-bodied
labourer are 6d. or Bd. a day-3s. or 4s. a week. Has
a man spirit to work, or can he procure sufficient
food to enable him to labour efficiently with such
wages ? There are, then, in Ireland, land and labour
—the sources of national wealth. What is wanted
to develope them ? Capital. And this is the general
outcry throughout Ireland—" We want capital!"
Now England is overflowing with unemployed
capital. Three and a half per cent., the Times tells
us, is, and is to he, the average annual value of capital
in this country. There are reasons—we believe that
they are, happily, rapidly on the decline—why En-
glish Protestants should not transplant themselves to
Irish soil. But there can be no reason why, if a fair
remuneration be secured, capital should not flow from
this to the sister country. And such we affirm has
been the case, and would have been to a much greater
extent, but for unwise legislation on the subject of
the circulating medium which injuriously retarded
the application of English capital to the wants of
Ireland. It is now between twenty and thirty years
since a system of banking, similar in many respects
to that of Scotland, was introduced into Ireland.
Several of those who took the warmest interest in car-
rying this object into effect were men who, though
differing most widely on political subjects, believed
that a good monetary system would do more for Ire-
land than anything else. Such were Matthias
Attwood and Daniel O'Connell, who, joined
with many of Ireland's best and most en-
lightened friends, promoted energetically and
successfully the establishment of those two
great banking companies—the Irish Provincial
and National Banks. Tne beneficial effects of the
system thus introduced began immediately to dis-
cover themselves. The condition of the small farmer
in Ireland was, before these banks became engaged in
the distribution of English capital, most dishearten-
ing. Poverty suppressed all his energies. His land
was but half cultivated, for he had no money to em-
ploy labour. His crops were hurried to market the
moment they were reaped, and were not unfrequently
seized by the landlord for rent while on the ground.
He was too poor to stock his land ; his green crops
were often cut, carted to a distant market town, and
sold for what they would fetch, because he could not
raise the means to buy a few sheep or a cow to con-
sume them. If a favourable opportunity—of which
every English farmer so well knows the advantage—
presented itself of purchasing a little additional stock
in a favourable season, or of withholding his wheat
when the market was glutted with
produce, and he
was induced to endeavour to borrow a small sum till
his real money, his flock or his corn, could be con-
verted into money of the realm, the terms upon which
alone such accommodation would be procured
from the money-lender of his market town were most
usurious. The usual terms, including expenses, were
20 per cent. Now the newbanks, the representa-
tives of English capital, rendered most important
services to a class of men who stood most in need of
assistance, and deserved it most. They lent to far-
mers, of whose good character and conduct they
were assured, at moderate interest, small sums, from
as low a sum as 10/. upwards. And competent wit-
nesses, of all creeds and parties, have assured us,
that from the judicious assistance thus rendered, the
face of whole agricultural districts in Ireland became
in a few years entirely
better cultivated, drained and stocked ; and, more-
over,giel:l:irtlheg
before
ed
hint
abmu et
the moral condition of the people was improved.
The poor farmer formerlye:tamw
a life of inevitable penury and hardship. He now
had hope of bettering his condition. And with hope
energy arose, and self-respect took the place of reckless
despondency. Becoming a happier, he became a bet-
ter man. Thousands in Ireland can' vouch for the
truth of what we say. Upon this successful attempt
to raise the state of a people the effecct of Peel's Bill
of 1844 fell like a withering blight. The harvest and
potato crop of 1846 failed. A few millions of gold
were exported to pay our foreign baker's bill, and
then succeeded that dreadful artificial dearth of money,
by which all the industrious energies of the United
kingdom were paralysed. The Irish bankers were
forced to refuse assistance to the people just at the
very time when they wanted it most. The circulation
of the Irish banks of issue in 1846 was 7,800,0001.,
and in May, 1847, it was 4,800,0001., " being a dimi-
nution," says the Manager of the Provincial Bank of
Ireland to the Committee of the House of Lords on the
commercial distress of 1847, " of no less than 3,000,000/.
of bank-notes in such a poor country as Ireland."
Yes ! if England, with its almost unbounded wealth,
was brought to the very verge of ruin by the effects
of the disastrous and mistaken monetary policy of
Sir Robert Peel, in 1847, what must have been the
effects produced in a country so poor as Ireland ?
The House of Lords' Committee reported that Peel's
Bill of 1848 materially aggravated the panic, and
we have no hesitation in saying that the operation of
that statute " materially aggravated', the direful
effects of the Irish famine. providence took away
a large portion of the nations food ; the band of
man withdrew the means of supplying the defi-
ciency. And we speak the opinion of sensible,
practical men—men who d o not profess to under-
stand the currency question—when we say that
Many
of the landowners shared their fate. The immense
the banking operations, and consequent financial
condition of Ireland, has not yet recovered the shock
0f1847.
TCherefdairtmwerassals a bodyentirely shaken, if not de-
stroyed.were ruined.
amount of the circulating medium withdrawn, has
never been replaced. By the last return the Irish
Banks of Issue are still 2,332,237/. below their fixed
issue. So easy is it to destroy credit and confidence,
so hard to effect their restoration. The time, we are
convinced, will come when the truths which we have
endeavoured to illustrate will be received as being as
evident as they are important. And with that con-
viction we do not despair of a better state of things
when the prosperity of the sister country will react'
on and promote that of our own, and when common
interests and common feelings will render us in reality
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

The Oxford University Commission met yes-
terday at the official residence of the First Lord
of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—The
Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Master
of Pembroke, the Rcv. H. G. Liddell, J. L. Dampier,
Esq , the Rev. Professor Powell, the Rev. G. H. S.
Johnson, and the Rev. A. P. Stanley (secretary).
Dispatches from the Governor of New South
'Vales, and also from the Governor of South Aus-
tralia, were received yesterday at the Colonial-office.

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

The first day of the last week of the Exhibition
has pissed off in a manner at once gratifying and
surprising. Everybody was prepared for a great ac-
cession of numbers to the usual average of shilling
visitors, but the most extravagant expectations could
hardly have anticipated anything so remarkable as
the actual reality. Yesterday 107,815 people entered
the building, and the sum of 5,1751. 16s. was taken
at the doors. Facts so astounding speak for them-
selves, and derive no additional force from expatiat-
ing upon them. Were it not so, we should despair
of describing the scene which the interior presented.
Popular demonstrations are always grand. Taking
place in such an arena they exercise a transcendent
and overpowering influence. In the presence of such
an assemblage as yesterday was collected together
the highest triumphs of industry and art are forgot-
ten, and the mind has only time to think of that
great mass of humanity tendering its homage at the
shrine of Labour, and vindicating the nobility of toil.
If any lingering doubts have been entertained that the
Crystal Palace has not been popular among the
masses, its closing hours will set them completely at
rest. Great as the influx of visitors was yesterday, it
will most probably rise still higher today ; but it is
satisfactory to think that however vast the numbers
that present themselves the building will be found
capable of accomodating them all. The
dreaded limit of 100,000 spectators has
now been exceeded, and without any extraordinary
inconvenience. In the Crystal Palace, as elsewhere,
the people are their own best police, and from hour to
balanced
hour crowds leave to make room for the gathering
early as 11
and o'clo
acrkrivaals and
that so t
theba tide that enters. Yesterday they began to ooze
away
were the a s
departureswellclosed it was possible, without much effort, to make a
systematic and effectual survey of all the principal
objects and departments. We have no doubt that
with considerably increased numbers this will con-
tinue to be the case, and a sanguine hope is enter-
tamed tbat no pressure will arise so great and incon-
venient as to render it necessary to check the flow of
visitors. That nearly 108,000 people should within
one day and under one roof have enjoyed the grandest
spectacle that the world has ever witnessed is of it-
self a sufficient marvel, hut that they should have
done so without a single known casualty to life or
property is almost incredible. So, however, it is,
and we leave to revolutionary and discontented minds
the study of facts which place in so clear and un-
questionable a light the love of order and the genuine
kindliness of spirit which pervade all classes of our
population. Yet, while we dwell with a natural
complacency on those evidences of a happy and pros-
perous people, circumstances are constantly occurring
to warn us of possible disaster. Such an event took
place yesterday.
Shortly after three o'clock, and when upwards of
100,000 persons were in the building, the Duke of
Wellington entered at the east end, and was loudly
cheered by those who recognised him. The intelli-
gence soon spread in the eastern half of the edifice,
and the crush and crowding which ensued to catch a
glimpse of the veteran, was such as to produce a
momentary sensation of apprehension as to the fate of
the building. Thousands ran along the galleries, and
each court and avenue poured its torrent into the
nave, while numbers in the transept hearing the dis-
tant noise, and seeing the confusion, but ignorant of
its cause, rushed out of the building, under the ap-
prehension that some casualty had occurred. By dint
of pure physical force Superintendent Pearce, and
several other police-officers, succeeded in opening a
narrow pathway for the Dake—who, after having
passed through the eastern half of the building, left
at the southern entrance, where he mounted his horse
and departed, amid the cheers of thousands outside
the building. It is most satisfactory to state that not
a single accident occurred; and those who have on
former occasions favoured the public with their opi-
nions as to the destructive effect of the rapid and
irregular movement of an immense crowd upon the
building, will be surprised to hear that not a single
girder or " snag" has given way ; and we may add
that, although upwards of 100,000 persons were pre-
sent in the building, there were many portions of it
which were comparatively unoccupied by the masses,
the nave and transept being, of course, the most
crowded portions of the building.
A chart, showing by diagrams the fluctuations in
the number of visitors during the time that the Ex•
hibition has been opened, was yesterday completed by
the Sappers and placed in the transept. It is a pro-
duction of great merit and of much public interest,
resembling those scales of mountain elevations which
are usually prefixed to atlases. The shilling days
form themselves into the iiiinlayas and Andes of this
return ; the half-crown and five shilling days being
represented by heights of much lower altitude. The
loftiest peak, rising to a maximum of more than
70,000, will now be far eclipsed by the results of yes-
terday, and it is probable that within the next five
days still greater and more astounding figures will
he reached. In the meantime, it would appear that
Tuesdays have been the chief shilling days, Mondays
coming next ; after these Thursdays, and Wednesdays j
being the worst. Of the two half-crown days, Fri-
day seems to be that which brings with it the largest
amount of popularity at the Crystal Palace.
A trial has taken place before the Cleveland Agri-
cultural Society of the respective merits of APCor-
inack's and Hussey's American reaping machines,
and the report of the jury of practical men appointed
by the consent of both parties to decide the question
of merit is favourable to the latter implement. This
decision throws considerable doubt upon the justice of
the award of a great medal at the Exhibition to
M'Cormack's : but, however interesting the matter
may be to the individuals themselves, it does not
much affect our farmers. Both the reaping machines,
valuable as they are, are capable of great improve-
ment, and we confidently hope that before next harvest
comes round such changes may be made upon them,
and such new features introduced, as may render the
examples now exhibited comparatively antiquated and
out of date.

SURREY THEATRE.

The opera season at this well-managed theatre,
which has now reached the eighteenth week, has
hitherto been signalised by several popular and well-
executed productions. Last evening Norma was per-
formed for the first time, the Druid priestess being
personated by Madlle. Deville, from the Grand Opera,
Geneva, who, without attempting to invest the cha-
racter with the terrible earnestness of Grisi, or to
dazzle her auditors with any marvellous fioriture,
achieved a decided and legitimate success. Mad Le.
Deville is a finished and pleasing vocalist, her voice,
although not of extraordinary compass, possesses much
sweetness, flexibility, and clearness, and she sings
with taste, feeling, ease, and expression. She created
a very favourable impression, being warmly applauded
throughout, and led on at the conclusion of the opera
in compliance with the general call. The " Casta
Diva" (" Gentle Goddess" in the English version),
was beautifully given, and enthusiastically encored.
The other parts were efficiently sustained. Miss
Poole received much merited applause as Adelgisa ;
Travers sang with great spirit as Pollio; and the fine
organ of Borrani, who was in magnificent voice, was
heard to high advantage in the role of Oroveso. The
orchestra,_ under the conduct of Herr Meyer Lutz,
fulfilled its functions admirably, and, altogether, the
manner in which Norma was presented reflects the
utmost credit on the resources of the establishment.
The house was crowded in every part before the rising
of the curtain.

ACCIDENT TO CAPTAIN CODRINGTON.—This gen-
tleman was driving home from Windsor between ten and
eleven o'clock on Tuesday night in his dog-cart, after having
travelled from town by the Great Western Railway. On
turning an abrupt corner leading out of Peascod-streetlinto
the New-road, it is supposed the wheel of the vehicle caught
the kerb-stone, and by the sudden jerk the driver was
thrown out, and fell on his head. He was picked up out of
a pool of blood senselees, and carried into the Criterion
public- house, where every attention was Faid to him by
Mr. Grover, the landlord, and Mr. Earengey, the surgeon;
and it was not discovered until the following day, when the
unfortunate gentleman regained his consciousness, who he
was. It was afterwards ascertained that the horse pro-
ceeded steadily home, a distance of five miles, through
narrow lanes and abrupt turnings, without accident, and
must, by the tracks, first have gone home, and the gate
being fastened, he afterwards proceeded to the blacksmith's
shop in the village where it was in the habit of being shod,
and where it was discovered waiting quietly at the door at
four o'clock in the morning.

Mn. RAMSHAY'S CASE.—A tneetiug-of the Com-
mittee for the Protection of the Liberty of the Subject and
the Press was held yesterday afternoon, at which a memorial
to the Chancellor of the Duchy was agreed to, praying that
his Lordship would be pleased to bold, in Liverpool or its
R
immediate neighbourhood, a court of inquiry into th conduct of Mr. amshay since his acquittal by his Lordshipe from the
former charges made against him and the resumption of his
sittings, and, if the facts set forth in the nlemorial be esta-
blished against him, as the memorialists confidently believe
they can be, that his Lordship be pleased to remove Mr.
Ramahay from the office of Judge of the County Court, and
to appoint another judge, of learning, temper, and modera-
tion, in his stead.
Messrs. Broadwood, the pianoforte manufacturers,
have presented to the Royal Society of Musicians the
splendid grand pianoforte, in ebony case, which has attracted
so much notice at the Exhibition. The sale of this instru-
ment will doubtless realise several hundred pounds, and the
funds of the society will thus again benefit, as they have on
LADY (tier Ma§i9a9, by too Alegrz.l3o4dwood§'

THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT.—LIVERPOOL,
MoNDAT.—The following second edition of the AMion fur-
nishes important news as to the probable fate of Mr. Ram-
slaiaar
h:litc6We have been informed this morning, on authority
I;we can place the most implicit reliance, that the
Carlisle has expressed himself to the effect that he
oE.syl;
feels, exceedingly pained at the recent proceedings which
have taken place in the County Court; and that it is his
Lordship's intention to act in the matter with promptness,
yet with due regard to the lawful forms. We understand
his Lordship will arrive at the Lancaster Railway station
about noon this day." It appears (says our correspondent),
that the person addressed by the Earl of Carlisle is Mr. Wm.
Brown, M.P., and the letter is spoken of as being couched in
the very strongest and most emphatic terms. There can,
therefore, be very little doubt that Mr. Ramehay will not
og4ia ftiactww iz givpvl!

TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 7, 1851.

THE CAPTURE OF A GANG OF
WHOLESALE SWINDLERS.
On S aturday last the Police-court at Plymouth
was crowded by persons anxious to listen to one of
the most extraordinary investigations (adjourned
from the previous Wednesday) which has engaged
the attention of the bench for some years, and which
exposes an attempt at swindling upon a very large
scale. It appears that early in the month of Sep-
tember there arrived in Plymouth two men of mid-
dle age and respectably attired, who forthwith took
premises for the ostensible purpose of carrying on
business as general outfitters and army and navy con-
tractors. Having engaged a store on Sutton-wharf,
in the possession of Mr. Hicks, wine-merchant, a
painter was employed to announce to those resorting
to that locality that Rudwell's Stores were there
situated, and a plentiful supply of letter-paper was
procured, each sheet bearing the printed heading of
" Sutton-wharf; Plymouth. Ship Stores Warehouses,
General Outfitter, Army and Navy Contractors &c."
As the business to be transacted was intended to be
of the most extensive description, a counting-house
became necessary, and for this purpose a room in
Tin-street was hired, at the moderate sum of half-a-
crown a week, and here, during the hours of busi-
ness, Mr. Rudwell and his more retiring partner,
Mr. Palmer, were generally to be found, each
seated at a de k, conducting a voluminous
correspondence with most of the principal
contributors to the Great Exhibition, the Official
Catalogue supplying them with the names and ad-
dresses of the various exhibitors. As the trade to
be carried on was to be large, of course the orders
were liberal, and assistance being deemed necessary
the principals in the business were joined about a
week after their arrival by a younger man, of smart
appearance, calling himself William James Widdi-
combe. He acted as clerk, and James Maddick, a
labourer, whom the principals met with on the quay,
was employed as storekeeper and porter. The first-
fruits of the extensive correspondence carried on by
the firm was the arrival of a large parcel, consigned
to their address, on the 20th of September, and every
succeeding day witnessed the advent of other goods,
of a most miscellaneous description. There was an
odd commingling of copperas and broadcloths, locks,
and blankets, lamps and trouserings, hides and chi-
cory, tweeds and iodine, canvas and saddles, twines
and cooking apparatus, velveteens and ship's sheath-
ing, cotton twist and oatmeal, compound levers and
a lifting jack. But numerous as were the arrivals
of goods, equally brisk appeared to be the sale, for
not a single parcel remained in the store more than' a
couple of hours ere it was disposed of in some way
or other, and it would seem in certain instances at
prices which:would have enabled Rudwell to assert with
greater truth than is the case sometimes with traders,
that he was indeed making an alarming sacrifice. For
example, the lifting jack above mentioned, the in-
voice price of which was 81., was no sooner delivered
at the store than it was entrusted to the respectable
agency of Messrs. Skardon and Sons, who were in-
structed to sell it for 2/, if a purchaser could be pro-
cured at that sum. Oil-cake, too, the trade price for
which is 121. 10s. per ton, was offered for sale to Mr.
Parrott, of Buck well-street, through the instrumen-
tality of Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, for 71. 10s. per ton.
Other goods were pledged at the office of Mr. Toms,
pawnbroker, by Widdicombe. Such was the state of
things until Tuesday last, when Superintendent Gib-
bons proceeded, in company with Inspector Thomas
and Sergeant Hicks, to arrest Palmer and his clerk
Widdicombe (who was discovered to have been living
here under the assumed name of Matthews), as they
were walking together from the railway station
towards George-place, the charge being, that they
had, in conjunction with Rudwell, obtained large
quantities of goods under false pretences. Palmer,
who described himself as -a labourer, said "very
well," and Widdicombe, alias Matthews, stated
himself to be a clerk in the service of Rudwell,
and was altogether innocent of the offence charged
against him. Rudwell was also apprehended the
same evening, and on Wednesday morning the
trio appeared before the magistrate, in custody of the
officers, charged as above stated. The sitting ma-
gistrates were the mayor and Messrs. Coryndon and
Hawker : Mr. Lavers attending on the part of the
Trades' Protection Society, and applying for a remand
in order to give the police time to institute the ne-
cessary inquiries.
After hearing the whole of the evidence then
forthcoming against the prisoners, and by which the
foregoing statement was fully supported, the prisoners
were remanded to Saturday.
Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, who had left, came back
after the case had been heard, and was advised by
the mayor to give up the goods he had received of
Rudwell into the possession of a third party. In a
very independent manner he refused to do anything
of the kind, told the mayor he would rather take his
money than his advice, asked Mr. Poillips what was
the price of a brief, said he defied them to do anything
to him; he had not bought stolen goods; he was
"too deep" for that, and would never give up the
goods till they were paid for.
From the evidence produced on Saturday it ap-
peared that on Wednesday evening upwards of two
tons of goods arrived by railway for Rudwell and
Co., which is in possession of the police, and that a
letter, badly spelt and badly written, from the wife of
Rudwell, has fallen into the hands of the superinten-
dent, but it contains no information of which use can
he made. It was dated " London," and bore the sig-
nature of "Ann." Another letter dated from Man-
n chester, which came to hand on Thursday, charges
Rudwell with being an impostor, and threatens him
with exposure, the writer alleging that he (Rudwell)
had carried on his fraudulent practices in a great
number of towns, assuming the name of " Cox," when
at Wolverhampton, then as " Smith," of Birmingham,
as " Mill," of Liverpool, afterwards as " Edwards,"
0..1 Manchester, and more frequently as " Darling-
ton," of Portsmouth. A large quantity of goods ar-
rived to the address of the firm, on Thursday, and are
now detained in charge of Pickford and Co., rail-
way-contractors. About two tons of oil cake also came
by steamer, for which Cornbloom was found to be
on the look out. The police accordingly waited
until he bad paid the freight, when they then
stepped in and seized the lot, much to the chagrin of
the hard-mouthed money-lender, who threatens to
cite Superintendent Gibbons and his men in the high
court of Westminster. It was also stated that a fresh
lot of goods and sundry invoices came to hand on
Friday morning, and that the police at the same time
obtained information which was deemed sufficiently
important to justify the immediate departure of In-
spector Thomas per mail train for the metropolis.
The nature of the evidence was such as to induce
the bench, after a lengthened examination of wit-
nesses, to farther remand the prisoners to Wednes-
day next.
Mr. Rudwell, on being asked what he had to say
against being remanded, contended that as he had his
name over the door of the wharf; and was nowhere in
debt in Plymouth, as he had not been applied to for
money for the goods, but should be ready to pay on
demand, he ought not to have been even taken into
custody. As to Palmer, he was his (Rudwell's)
friend, while Widdicombe was his clerk. If anything
had been wrong, he entirely exonerated them from all
participation in it, and was ready to bear the results
himself.
Palmer bad nothing to say, and Widdicombe said
he had come from the office of Wilson and Gurney,
bank solicitors, London, and could procure good re-
ferences. He asked if he might procure bail. He
was told he must first procure his bail and then their
worships would consider if it could be taken.
Rudwell is evidently in bad health.

The Hungarians in London yesterday attended
mass in commemoration of the events of the 6th of October,
or as the handbill explained, in memory of the defenders of
constitutional liberty in Hungary, who, after the surrender
of the Hungarian army to the Russians, were put to death
by Austrian executioners. Their honoured names are dear
to the lovers of liberty founded on law :--Count Louis
Batthyany. Prime Minister; Count Ludislaus Csanyi,
Minister of Commerce; Baron Sigismond Perenyi, Presi-
dent of the House of Peers; Baron Jeseenak, Lord Lieu-
tenant of the county of Nyitra ; Baron Szatsvay, Member
and Secretary of the Diet; Prince Woronyieczky, Prince
Czernus, Councillor of State; Major Murman, Major
Abancourt. Prisoners of war, given up by Russia to the
Austrian executioners, and hanged or shot at Arad on the
6th October, 1849:—General Aulich, Minister of War;
Lieut.-General Ernest Kissi, General Damianich, General
Nagy Sandor, General Dessewffy, General Count Leiningen,
cousin of her Majesty Queen Victoria; General Count
Veesey, General Tork, General Lahner, General Baron Pol-
tenberg, General Kuesich, General Schvsidl, General Count
Lazar, Colonel Kazinczy.
THRONGED STATE OF THE CITY STREETE.—Yer
terday the main thoroughfares of the City were thronged is
a manner perhaps never before witnessed. Every omnibus
travelling in the direction of the Great Exhibition was
filled inside and out during the day, and from the Poultry
to St. Swithin's-lane a file of persons, not less than three
deep, were waiting for hours in vain in the earlier part of
the forenoon, for conveyances. The Royal Exchange was
visited by thousands, and the Guildhall, the Post-office, and
most of the public places were thronged. Many of the
visitors were from Wales and the northern parts of England,
and some had come 80 far as from the United States of
America.

CRYSTAL HALL.—A new and original polka has
been produced at this agreeable place of entertainment. It
is called the " 'West-End Polka," and is understood to be
from the pen of Miss Kirkham, a young lady favourably
known in musical circles as a brilliant pianist. The polka
is a spirited and lively piece of composition, and commands a
good deal of applause every time it is played.
DEER STALKING.—In the island of Lewis a num-
ber of gentlemen are enjoying first-rate eport in Sir James
Matheson's deer-forests. One of the party, D. Robertson,
Esq., of Ladykirk, in the course of an hour and a half's ab-
sence from the Castle, stalked and shot two stags, right and
left. One had royal horns, and the other a head; with ten
antlers. The party at Reay Forest, among whom were Lord
Colville, Lord Ward, and the Hon. Captain Charter's, have
closed a brilliant season's shooting among the cornea of the
far-west of Sutherlaudshire. In five weeks they bagged 66
red-deer, viz., 20 hinds and 46 stags. The horns of one of
the last that was shot spanned 34 inches. We have also
heard that Mr. Campbell of Jura has shot to his own gun, in
the i§land 91 Harrig, 36 red dem—int:emu Courier.

LONDON TEMPERANCE LEAGUE.
Yesterday evening Exeter-hall was once more filled
with the bodies and oratory of those great self-styled
regenerators of mankind—the advocates, disciples, and
friends of total abstinence. The object of the meet-
ing was to originate a society in London which was to
succeed to the demonstration committee, and by
means of meetings, advice, and exhortation, reclaim
the still uaitiated public from the errors of their ways.
A letter was read from Mr. Lawrence Heyworth,
M.P., regretting his unavoidable absence, and then
Mr. G. CRUIRSHANII, who took the chair in the
absence of Mr. Heyworth, made a few opening re-
marks. He said that he was always ready to do his
best in such a cause. He regretted the absence of
Mr. Hey worth, but, at the same time, he was glad
to hear the news his letter had conveyed,
that the Americans, who went right one
way and wrong another, as far as teetotalism was
concerned were doing right. It was only by adopt-
ing this great principle that they could raise them-
selves to a position which they could never attain
without it, for till they abstained from intoxicating
liquors they would never rise to the proper station of
a civilized country. Mr. Cruikshank related an
anecdote from a work called "A Voice from the
Diggins," which, he said, showed what demons men
were who indulged in this sin. He could conceive
no word but " devil" as appropriate to them, their
language and actions were ao horrible. The anecdote
told of two men, a Malay and Chinese, who were
dying, and required a little brandy to sustain life, but
the white men who were applied to refused, saying
" Christian men wanted spirits, and they were not
I going to give them to black cattle." The mere idea
of those men, who ripped up each other with bowie
knives, calling themselves Christians! He hoped
that this great and holy question would be allowed to
stand by itself. They had nothing to do with politics.
A person in speaking might inadvertently bring in
subjects foreign to the purpose, but he hopedsth!
would even abstain from mentioning anything
else
even the Peace Congress—which, although a most
excellent and important question, ought to be let alone
at this time. He again begged that they would lee
the question of teetotalism stand by itself; and, having
made these few observations, he proceeded to the
business of the evening, by calling on the secretary
to read the report.
The report opened with a glowing account of the
grand week of the festivities held in August. It
would take too much room to give the recital of the
whole series of entertainments, but we will be content
to mention one or two to show the halo—the atmo-
spere of pleasure thrown round their proceedings, for
the benefit, doubtless, of their new disciples. "On
Tuesday, by the special permission of the Royal
Commissioners, the Crystal Palace was opened one
hour earlier than usual to admit the total abstainers,
who visited it in great numbers; and some criterion
is afforded us by the police returns, which show
47,000 to have entered the building during the fir,st
hour and a half—say by half-past ten o'clock—in
altogether unprecedented occurrence." "On Wed-
nesday, the 6th of August, after the public breakfast
at the London Tavern, at which 300 were present,
Mr. J. S. Buckingham in the chair—the Royal Surrey
Zoological Gardens, which had been secured by the
demonstration committee for the day, was thronged
by such a vast gathering of teetotallers as was never
before convened, and presented a spectacle never to be
forgotten." After this opening the report mentioned
a balance in the hands of their treasurer of 5301.,
who was troubled what to do with it ;
but it said, " Perhaps of all the embarrass-
ments presenting themselves to the committee none
were greater than was the solution of the question,
how shall the balance be made to subserve the great
principles of temperance most effectually ?" They
settled the question happily, and founded the London
Temperance League. They said, "We must, how-
ever, state our conviction that the first principles of
teetotalism are not understood by the immense ma-
jority of the denizens of this great city. Daily ob-
servation and experience prove this. Men of intellect,
high in influence and of admirable business habits,
are found to be poor opponents to the uneducated
teetotaller, far less to such leaders in the cause as Dr.
Lees and others." The report concluded with a dim
shadowing forth of pleasures (equal to those described
in the commencement of its pages) in store for their
novices, as, after announcements of monthly lectures
and meetings and quarterly soirees to be held, they
continued,— " A pee, perhaps a bazaar, in the Royal
Surrey Gardens nextsummer, will, in all probability,
be carried out by the executive committee." This
and " more, according to our means." But to do all
these things they required money, and 1,0001. was the
sum demanded, and after stating that they (the com-
mittee) were willing to undertake all the toil, " we
appeal with confidence to the liberal supporters of our
cause, that at this critical juncture in the history of
teetotalism the helmsman may be relieved of all
anxiety respecting pecuniary liabilities, which would
but retard the movement at a time when not a
moment must be lost." A collection was made,
and then
Mr. BEGGS delivered an inaugural address of some
length. After alluding to the Crystal Palace, the
sanitary condition of the people and some other inci-
dental circumstances, he proceeded as follows :
" Many of the leading organs of the press now conde-
scend to notice us, but they betray a total misunder-
standing of our principles, and it is necessary that
they should be informed. Witness the writer in
Household Words, in his article ' Whole Hogs,' as
also in the Examiner. The mistake they commit is
that we call upon the sober portion of the public to
give up a good thing because some men abuse it."
After mentioning that the Examiner took this view,
he continued—" It is the old, never-to-be-slain argu-
ment, of use and abuse; and, although it can be
proved by any one capable of the most ordinary
method of induction to be pure nonsense, yet it is con-
sidered as a strong ground for taking a glass ; and the
parson, the magistrate, the judge, and the teacher, as
well as the gentleman of the press, continue to discuss
their daily pint or bottle of wine, their glass of gin-
and-water, or the pot of half-and-half; but," con-
tinued Mr. Beggs, " supposing alcohol to be as harm-
less as potatoes, or sugar, or milk, yet, seeing the mis-
chief it produces, we are called upon to abstain. I assert
that cards, dice, racing, theatres, and all the fashionable
follies and amusements of the age, have not produced,
taken altogether, so many evils as the vice of drink-
ing." They asked them to give up drinking because
God had written on the constitution of man, as
plainly as light was written upon the suuboams, that
alcohol was not suited to men in health, but was the
enemy of the digestive faculties of the human body.
Mr. Beggs continued to show the large sums of
money spent on spirits, spoke of the anomaly of a
magistrate sitting one day to license public-houses,
and on another inflicting punishment on those who
got drunk in them ; also of legislators making laws
against, and ministers of religion speaking against
these places, to which, by their daily practice in
drinking themselves, they gave sanction and encou-
ragement. He encouraged them, besides having faith
in their principles, to have faith in humanity, and not
to think that any one was sunk so low as to be ut-
terly helpless, and also urged that they ought to have
faith in themselves. He did not mean to inculcate
dogmatism, vanity, or any idea of pharisaical im-
portance, but they should believe the temperance re-
formation to be their business, and do their best for
it. They required wisdom as well as faith, charity
as well as love. Above all, he enjoined on them the
importance of increased individual exertion. After
considering these and other topics at great length he
concluded with the following prophetic aspiration :
Let the teetotaller take courage. The day is not far
distant when the simple principle he has adopted and
laboured to diffuse will command the homage of the
good and wise of every order of men; and, sanc-
tioned by God's blessing, will shed peace and healing
from its wings. We cannot estimate its future pro-
gress by the past. Its seedtime is not yet over, but
the harvest is begun. Whatever it may now be con-
sidered, future generations will not regard as a mere
flight of visionary enthusiasm this record of my ex-
pectation; so that the historian of a futures ge, when
looking back on the humble birth of the total absti-
nence principle, will date from it a new era in civiliza-
tion, and place its propounders in the first ranks of the
most useful, if not among the most illustrious bene-
factors of mankind: "
Mr. F. W. limoo, an American teetotaller, next
addressed the audience, and was received throughout
with great applause. In speaking of the States, he
mentioned that in one (Maine) the sale of • ' spirits was
prohibited, and in another State, if a man got drunk
his wife could sue the publican who supplied him with
the liquor for damages.
The CHAIRMAN rose and said, a question had been
banded up to him, as chairman, asking what they said
of the miracle of our Saviour at Cana of Galilee when
he turned water into wine. He could only say, that
if they could not answer this as well as every other
question satisfactorily, they would give up their prin-
ciple. He would ask, in return, did any of them
think that our Saviour ever partook of wine ?—(No,
no.) The question was answered.
A vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the
proceedings.

DEATH FROM POISON.
Yesterday
an inquest was held by Mr. William
Carter, at the Gregorian Arms Tavern, Lower-road,
Bermondsey, respecting the death ofMr. Frederick
Robert Bolton, aged 41 years, an Excise officer, who
was accidentally poisoned.
Mr. R. T. Russell, of No. 12, Thornton-street,
Horselydown, stated, that on Thursday evening last,
about six o'clock, two persons brought the deceased
into his surgery, in a state of great exhaustion. De-
ceased was perfectly sensible, but cold and pulsAess.
Witness asked the deceased a few questions, when he
replied that he had been requested by a friend to taste
some aconite, and wished to know if witness knew
the nature of it. Witness replied in the affirmative,
and asked him if he had taken any, when he told
witness it was a part of his duty at the Excise-office
to test such compounds, and he believed he bad swal-
lowed about a teaspoonful of the mixture. Witness
knowing that aconite was a deadly poison, then con-
sidered the deceased would unquestionably die.
CORONER— What effect has aconite upon the system ?
Witness—lt will cause violent sainting, vertigo, and
vomiting, with oppressed breathing, &c., but does not
deprive persons of utterance.
CORONER—What quantity would produce death ?
Witness—Twenty drops. It is commonly called
" wolt's bane," and a teaspoonful might hold about
120 drops. Deceased must have taken sufficient to
kill five persons. Witness gave the deceased ammo-
nia, but he threw it up immediately. Other remedies
were adopted, but the deceased became exceedingly
exhausted, and expired shortly afterwards. 'Witness
had since made a post mortem examination of the body.
The viscera was in a gorged condition, with dark
fluid blood. The heart was in a similar state, but in
structure quite health 3. The whole of the intestinal
canal was much congested. The stomach seemed
healthy, but had been acted upon by some violent ir-
ritant. Witness, from all the circumstances, fully
believed that the deceased had been deceived in the
contents of the bottle, and had tasted it by his own
free will. The poison usually destroys life in three to
five hours.
Other evidence having been offered,
The Learned CORONER remarked at great length
on the testimony of the witnesses, and said the death
of the deceased gentleman was to be deeply lamented,
and he should certainly recommend the Commissioners
to adopt some immediate steps for the prevention of
such unfortunate accidents.
The jury unanimously concurred and returned the
following special verdict :
" That the deceased met his death accidentally, and
they (the jury) would suggest to the Commissioners
of Inland Revenue that when any article of a poiso-
nous character is imported, the permit should bear
the word poison as well as the nature of the article
itself."

SUICIDE ON THE SOUTLI-EASTERN

RAILWA.k.

On Saturday, about one o'clock, r.m., the usually
quiet locality of Cold Harbour-lane, leading from
Brixton to Camberwell, was thrown into a state of
intense excitement, from the following awful occur-
rence :—At the time in question a man in the garb
of a painter, carrying some pots of colour and brushes,
was observed to proceed down Pollard's-grove, a re-
tired spot in the rear of the Green Man public-house.
Shortly after, the report of a pistol was heard, and on
persons proceeding to the spot the man was perceived
running away, blood flowing profusely from his head.
He had left the paint sand brushes behind him, and
carried in his hand a large pistol, but which a gentle-
man who followed succeeded in taking away from
him. The alarm drew together several of the
police of the P division from the Brixton station,
who Joined in pursuit of the wounded man. He,
nevertheless proceeded, notwithstanding the great loss
of blood (which was tracked the whole distance),
at a rapid pace in the direction of Forest Hill, and,
before he could be overtaken, rushed through the
railway station on to the rails, and deliberately threw
himself before the 1.20 down train, which passed over
him,.and thus terminated his existence. The body,
dreadfully mutilated, was picked up and conveyed to
the Dartmouth Arms contiguous. The name of the
deceased, it has been ascertained, was James Hard-
ing, by trade a painter and grainer, and resided at
5, Elizabeth-place, South-street, Walworth, and he
has left a widow and nine young children to deplore
their father's unhappy end. The cause for commit-
ting so dreadful and rash an act cannot be ascertained
at present.

Yesterday Mr. Carttar, the coroner for East Kent,
held an inquest on the body, when, after some con-
sultation, the jury returned an open verdict, to the
effect—" That the deceased was killed by being run
over by one of the South-Eastern Company's trains,
but whether by accident or his own wiltul act there
was not evidence to show."

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TA TTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY.
The current set so strong against Mokanns, so long
the leading favourite fur the Ceearewitch, that from 7 to
1, laid early in the afternoon, he declined in the first
instance to 10 to 1, and finally to 15 to 1. laid to 2001.,
and afterwards offered currently. This lett Darkie in
posses ion of the premiership, Hippolytus, against whom
20 to 1 was betted at one time, being s* cond favourite at
the c!ose. Trickstress, Terpsichore, and Windischgratz,
were in some favour, and Grand Duke was sent out of
the market; in cll other respects the betting was dull
and unimportant.

CESAREWITCH STAKES.
14 to 1 agst Mr. Crawford's Darkie
15 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Hippolytus—taken
15 to 1 agst Lord H. Lennox's Mokanna
20 to 1 agst Mr. Sauuders's Trickstress—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Carew's Windi3chgratz—taken
30 to 1 agst Mr. Farrance's Terpsichore—taken
40 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Backbiter—taken
50 to 1 agst Mr. Herbert's The Grand Duke
1,000 to 15 agst Capt.Lowther'sKing Charming—taken
Confidence and Sir Charles are scratched.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES.
7 to 1 agst Mr. A. Nichol's Newminster—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. H. Robinson's Confidence
5,000 to 50 agst Lord Cardross's The Ebor—taken
DERBY.
100 to 6 agst Lord Eglinton's Claverhouse
18 to 1 agst Lord Zetland's Augur—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke—taken
28 to 1 agst Lord Ribblesdale's Lapidist—taken
50 to 1 agst Mr. S. Hawkes's Womersley—taken
50 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Pelopidas—taken •

REPAIRIAG A FACTORY CHIMNEY.
James Wright, alias's Sieeple Jeck," having engaged
to repair the large chimney belonging to Messrs. Jelin
Wood end Co., cotton F. piuners and power-loom cloth
manufacturers, Sovereign Mills, Wigan, commenced his
operation by flying a paper kite, and thereby throwing a
chain with cords attached across the top of the chimney,
by which means he ascended the top, and fixed his
blocks and materials ready for work. The chimney is
about 14 feet square at the base, bulges a little for a few
yards in height, and then tapers to the top, where it is
4 feet 4 inches Equate, with a belt little below of about
7 feet. The total height of the chimney is about 52
yards. Tho chimney was in a dilapidated state, having
a crack of dtcayed and broken bricks about 100 feet
in length on the south-western square, in some
places two feet broad, and also a long fissure on the
north-eastern square, besides several smaller cracks
on other portions of the chimney. Jack having
got apparatus complete, he and his
assistant his in
beganrigge,g•ork by removing the broken bricks and
replacing them with new ones, without the aid of a
scaffolding, and then proceeded to fill up the assures with
cement, repairing all the damaged parts, until the chim-
ney had almost the appearance of a new one. He next
placed eighteen iron girders at equal distances round
the chimney, consisting of bars, bolts, and corner plates
tightly screwed up, and this task he accomplished with
equal skill, and without scaffolding. He completed his
task of repairs on Monday last, by hurling from the top
of the chimney, at an angle of 20 feet, and clear of the
roof of the engine-house, four large loose stones, weigh-
ing about 2 cwt., which were replaced with bricks, 18
inches long, 9 inches broad, and 6 inches thick, and
weighing about 841bs each. The skilful manner in
which the work has been performed, without the ex-
pense of scaffolding, and with only one day's stoppage
of the works whilst topping the chimney, has been a
matter of surprise.—Preston Chronicle.

PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT SOUTHAMPTON.—The
total number of foreign passengers who landed in South-
ampton Docks during September was 5,464, showing an in_
crease over the corresponding month of 1850 of 2,734. The
5,464 passengers brought 10,666 packages of baggage, and
comprised 3,705 foreigners, of whom 2,717 were males, 920
females, and 68 children. The total number of
from France (principally from Paris) during the month was
2,928.

CAUGHT AT LAST.--A few weeks ago, Mr. John
Swann, of Milton, had a number of sheep worried to death
by a dog. The owner of the suspected animal was cau-
tioned; but to no purpose. On Tuesday night, Phillip Cook, the Ditton policeman, saw Neal's dog (of Baitsbite),
a large ferocious animal, making the best of his way home,
as though he had been doing something he ought to be
ashamed of. The next morning six sheep, belonging
to
the Rev. Mr. James, vicar of Litton, were found worried
in a ditch, five being dead, the other lingering, sus pi.
cion fell upon Thomas Neal's dog, and he was " taken into
custody," tried by a court martial of villagers, and sen-
tenced to be shot, which was immediately carried into exe-
cution. There was strong circumstantial evidence in the
case; but to make assurance doubly sure of his guilt, a post-
mortem examination was made, and sure enough, his capa-
cious stomach was filled with mutton, with wool Attlohed._
Cambridge Independent.

30: s rCesc. e i7vae.d; atsu thissugar,
a r,
2p,05r35t
If.o r
It::
or Dunurr.—The following is an
last week, as compared with the corresponding week of last s;,dl2u
L: 1 abstract li il E
of l3thiteTC usTteoam,
year :—ln 1851.
Id. ; tobacco, 4,527 k 12s. 11d.; wine,
•375Treia.,857.,121d5./i 11s4,sin.
e,5d2.,3;854u1g4ar5.,
1,681 t. Is. 4d.;
spirits, 441/. 17s. 10d• ; miscellaneous, 4331. 10s. ; total,
spirits, 4741. 7s. 2d. ; miscellaneous,
211
d,63.,7724;
13.1.19533..
Bd. 9d. ;
tobacco
ale 803;0,
984/. 18s. lid. ;
total, 16,859!. 12s. sd.
Gar OF A PARK.—The park presented by Mrs.
Robertson to the burgh of Kelso, is nearly ten acres in ex-
tent. It forms nearly a square, having entrances from pub-
lic roads on three sides. Not satisfied with this costly pre-
sent, and still determined that nothing should be wanting,
Mrs. Robertson has presented the trustees with 500/, to be
expended in completing the approaches, laying out walks,
and otherwise adorning the ground. • The ground will be
named "Shedden Park," in honour of Mrs. Robertson's late
nephew, Robert Shedden, E•q., the owner and commander
of the yacht Nancy Dawson, whicn is well known to the
public as having rendered essential service in aiding the
search for the lost Arctic expedition of Sir John Franklin,
and as having been the only yacht that ever rounded Point
Barrow and circumnavigated the globe.—A-elso Mail.
SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWAT.--The
works throughout the whole of this line are rapidly pro-
gression towards completion. In the neighbourhood of
Shrewsbury the operations are very much advanced, most of
the bridges being completed, and the various cuttings and
embankments in a forward state. At the other end of the
line, in the neighbourhood of Ludlow, equally rapid progress
has been made. The bridge over the river Corve is being
carried on, and it is expected that the line will be completed
as far lig Li;cll9rr 14 thy end of the year.