The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. SATURDAY _EVENING, APRIL 19, 1856.

not been answered. (Cheers.) Would no right hon.
gentleman on the Treasury bench favour him with a
reply ? (After another pause, during which the hon.
member remained standing, he added), Still no answer.
Ptrhaps the Chancellor of the Exchequer will not be
disinclined to afford us some information on the sub-
ject. 'What are the fireworks for ? (Cheers and laugh-
ter.)
'The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER—I was
not aware that the hon. gentleman was serious in putting
Lis question—(Cries of "Oh, oh !' and a laugh)—or
would have answered it. If he seriously puts the ques-
tion with any doubt as to what the answer will be, I
may state to him that the building has been erected in
Hyde-park with a view to the celebration of peace.
(Derisive cheers and laughter.)
The subject then dropped.
NAVAL REVIEW.
Oa the motion for the adjournment of the house,
Col. FRENCH asked a question relative to the faci-
lities for the members of the house seeing the naval re-
view.

Mr. LINDSAY asked if the Perseverance placed at
the disposal of the members of the house was the same
ship that capsized last year, and if so he hoped the Ad-
miralty Would supply a sufficient number of life-beats.
(Laughter.) Having spent so much money about the
std realites of war he thought this show might have been
dispensed with.
Mr. LAYARD asked if it were true that a certain
number of gun-boats had been constructed for this re•
view ?
Sir C. WOOD said that he thought it wouid not be
ungratifying to the members of this house to see, and
the country to know, how the Government were pre-
pared had the war continued, and before the ships were
put out of commission that a review should take place.
No gun-boats had been provided for this occasion.
Thera must be some limits to the accommodation pro-
vided, and the precedent of the last review had been fol-
lowed ; for to provide accommodation for the wives and
families of the members of that house it would be neces-
sary to employ the whole unemployed ships of the
navy. It was different with the House of Lords,
who were fewer in number. It was true the
Perseverance bad been set apart for the members of
this house, and if one part of the house took one side,
and the other the other, there need be no fear, of her
upsetting. (Laughter.) The accident to the ship
alluded to was in dock, and since then she had been re-
ported ac seaworthy.
THE ROAD THROUGH THE PARKS.
In reply to a question,
Sir B. HALL referred to the four proposed routes
through the park. With regard to the opening of the east
end of the Mall to Trafalgar-square or Charing-cross, that
could not be carried out without a special act to pur
chase then property ; and then a question arose whether
it did not constitute part of the .functions of the
Metropolitan Board of WorLe after leaving
the park. The road from Pall-mall to Buckingham-gate
he proposed to carry out and invite estimates for its
construction. The next, affording accommodation to
pedestrians over the water, he proposed also to carry out ;
that from Waterloo-place to Pall-mall and Storey's-gate be
rusideredtbe most useful, and afforded easy access for a
great and increasing traffic to Storey's-gate. (Hear,
hear.) He hoped that road-way would be ulti-
mately made, but he regretted to say there were
at preisent some difficulties which prevented its
being speedily carried out, owing to the leases
existing with reference te the ground connected with
Carlton-terrace. Already the Government paid the
lessees of that 'property 45. per foot fur the ground
aTording the footway over the steps by the
Duke of York's Column. He thought that agree-
ment. gave the Government the right of
way, but doubts were entertained respecting it.
He hoped, however, when the leisees considered that
the Queen had consented to allow cabs, &c., to pass un-
der her window that the lessees would make no further
objections. He thought there would be room enough for
vehicles to pass on each side of the Duke of York's Co-
lumn, and as there were objections to remove it, he
should not propose a vote for that purpose. (sear,
bear.)
After some fuether consideration the subject dropped,
Sir B. HALL having first stated that if the estimates
he should present for this were passed, next week he
would press forward the work, and speedily open the
communication so much desired. The estimates for the
foot-bridge would be 2,8981., and for the road from Pall-
mall through the German chapel to Buckingham-gate,
about 21,0001.
Mr. HA.D.FIELD moved as an amendment to the
adjournment, that it should be to Thursday next, and
not Monday next, as proposed by the Government.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER consi-
dered the house would not be justified in adjourning
over Monday till Thursday.
The original motion was ultimately agreed to.
SUPPLY.
On the motion that the Chairman leave the chair,
Sir E. PERRY said that when Sir R. Peel proposed
the income tax in 1842, he called attention in emphatic
words to the large deficiency there was in the Indian re-
venue, to the danger that would accrue to this country
if that difficulty were to become permanent. In 1834 all
our territorial possessionsin India were the exclusive pro-
perty of the East India Company, and consequently all
the burden of government, if the country were gUyerned
at a loss, would fall upon that institution. Since then,
the legielatura had thought fit to invest the whole of the
property in the crown, and consequently, if it failed, all
tile burden would fall upon the country. India paid to
England by way of tribute about 3,000,000/. a year, but
th it was expended in dividends on East Indiastock, in in-
terest on loans, in pensions to servants of the com pany;and
in other ways. If, therefore, the revenues of India should
becoine permanently embarrassed, it would be to English
resources and not to India that they mast look. Now an
Indian budget had a great peculiarity. Unlike the budget
of this country, or of any other in the civilised world,
an Indian budget was incapable of extension. Although
the revenue might fall short no new tax could be im-
posed ; that, in a country where the people were so at-
tached .to the customs of their forefathers, would be
simply impossible. Meanwhile many of the sources of
revenue were very precarious. The land tax was a most
imporVnt branch ; but there was a cry for its diminu-
tion from all parts of India where the ryotwarry system
prevailed. Opium too was a source of income which was
exposed to enormous fluctuations. One year it might pro-
duce a million and a halt; another, three millions ; and
if China were to remove its prohibitions with regard to
this article, the item might soon disappear altogether.
ft became, therefore, very important that the house
should give this subject their most serious consideration.
Unfortunately, it was extremely difficult for people in
England to ascertain what was the real condition of
India. It must be remembered that all their informa-
tion was derived only from the British residents, and
they had no clue whateverto the opinions of the,hundred
millions of their fellow-subjects in India. There
was, however, one reliable source of inforneation, and
that was the public accounts. He was sorry to say that
the accounts delivered last year were infinitely more nt.-
favourable than he had seen for the last 25 years. La et
year the President of the Board of Control stated that
the deficit for the year ending April, 1855, amounted
to two millions and a half ; and he (Sir E. Perry) had no
,doubt that it would this year be again upwards of two
millions --a larger deficit than that which Sir R: Peel
considered justified the house in laying on the income
tax. In order that the house might be in a position beter
to appreciate this evidence as to the condition of India
he would compare the state of things during the last three
years with what had been the case for the three years
previous to the annexations which had latterly taken
place. The revenue of India for the three years ending
April,lB3B, averaged 14,575,240/. per annum.; and there
was an average surplus of 1,156,6841. During the last
three years ending April, 1855, the revenue averaged
20,459,2411., being a total increase of nearly six millions,
hut there had nevertheless been an average deficit of
-1,387;866/. There bad thus been an average yearly loss,
as compared with the three years before 1833, amount-
ing to '2,544,540/. The total deficit during the whole of
Lord Dalhousie's tenure of office had been no less than
6,335,317/. The President of the Board of Control had
last year endeavoured to account for the deficiency by
referring it to the expenditure for public works ; but the
true cause was to be found in the series of wars which
had taken place and the annexations which bad been ef-
fected—operations which, he must say, appeared to him
to be both unjust in principle and impolitic in practice.
(Cheers.) In criticising the observations of the right
hon. gentleman (Mr. Smith), he hopei he should not be
con.idered as reflecting upon- the right hon. gentleman.
On the contrary, there was no one that had attended
so much to a principle prominently put forward in
these days, that, namely, of selecting the best men
for- the best ;places. (Hear, bear.) But what was
the fact with respect to these public works ? Thelight
hon. gentleman had urged that Parliament was respon-
sible for the expenditure upon them. When Parlia-
ment was told of works that would yield 4q, 50, 60, and
even 70 per cent., it was only natural that it should
press tbb subject ,upon the East India Company • but
had Parletment ever contemplated works which, like the
two great railways of Bombay and Calcutta, only yielded
oee per cent. ? (Hear, bear.) But did the public works,
after all, account for the deficit At the expense of apme
industry he had ascertained that the sum expended in
1854.5 was 1,648,460/., but from that a certain deduc-
tion must be made, because the company, like any
other landlord, always had been obliged to spend
a certain sum under that heade He found that
in 1851-2 the sum so expended was 396,246/S;
so that the extra- amount laid out upon public works
in the year 1854-5 had only. been 1,252,1121., or not
more than half the deficit. (Hear, hear.) He held in
his hind a curious document, in which the expenses of
all oar late acquisitione were set forth. He found that
the revenue for Scinde last year was 254,5011., while the
charges were 562,238/., showing thus a deficit of 307,7371.
Sattara,-income, 255,0001. ; charges (civil only), 277,0341;
deficlt, 22,0341. Punjaub, revenue, 956,250/. ; charges
(Tech:ding only a portion of the military expenses),
1,015,400/. ; deficit, 59,1501. Burmah and Pegu showed
a email profit, but the account did not include the mili-
tary charges. Nagpore, revenue, 438,840/. ; charges,
219,4451. ; surplus, 219,3951. ; but from this must be
deducted the subsidy previously received from Nagpore,
and that would only leave a surplus revenue of
100,8951.: The result of the whole account was to show

a nett deficit on account of the annexed provinces
amounting to 288,0001. But that did not include the
tetra military charges. To arrive at some estimate of
these, he had taken the military expenditure of the
Year ending April, 1833, and c;iimpared it with that of
1852—a year of peace. The one item wzlia 6,725,9571., the
ether 9,675,483/. ; so that the increased military charges
on account of the new provinces must be presumed to
have amounted to no less than 2,949,526/. per annum.
Mean) He would now offer a few remarks on the jus-
tice ofthe poliCy
which bad produced these results ; in
doing which he was aware he should run counter to the
generallyreceived opinion. It was often the habit of
the public to take up views on Indian subjects with the

enthusiasm of ignorance. Thus Lord Cornwallis at-
tempted to create a landed aristocracy, somewhat like
that to which he had been accustomed at home. That
was lauded at the time as one of the most consummate
acts of statesmanship ; but what had been the testimony
of Niebuhr ?—" It was the most disastrous though the
most benevolent plan that had ever been introduced
to ruin a country." (Hear, hear.) At another time
there bad been a great desire to introduce into India
our own revenue and judicial system. Indeed, Lord
Minto had actually threatened the King of Oude
with deposition unless be introduced that into his
unhappy country. Yet since then one of the great-
est improvements had been to adopt a simple and
expeditious process, which had long before been in use
in India. So with regard to the ryotwarry system. They
had all read in their youth with delight tbe charming
pictures which Sir Thomas Munro had drawn of that
system at its introduction; and yet it was now admitted
by every one to be the greatest scourge to which India
was subject. He (Sir E. Perry) had the highest admi-
ration for Lord Dalhousie's; great qualities. His spirit
had never quailed before the great difficulties which had
surrounded him ; and the preparations he had made
to meet thrm deserved all praise, The noble lord's
indomitable will, his acuteness of perception, and his
inflexibility of purpose were high qualities ; but they
were qualities of all others dangerous, when they were
exercised with imperfect information, or in a spirit of
haste. The hon. gentleman the member for Honiton
(Sir .T. W. Hogg) had told the house that they must
not take their views on the subject of Lord Dallaousie's
policy from him (Sir E. Perry). He had, 'therefore,
brought down with him some authorities to cor-
roborate the sentiments he had expressed on a former
occasion. The first he would read proceeded from a man,
the most competent of any that had arisen within the last
hundred years to pronounce an opinion as to the manner
in which they ought to deal with allied states. "I would
sacrifice Gwalior," said the Duke of Wellington, "or
any other portion of India ten times over in order to pre-
serve our character for keeping good faith." (Hear.)
On another occasion that great man said, " The exten-
sion of our territory has been greater than needs."
(Hear, hear.) To the like effect were the sentiments of
Sir Thos. Munro, Sir John Malcolm, Mr. Mountetuart
Elphinstone, Lord Metcalfe, Sir George Clark, General
Lowe, and Lord Ellenborough, who all concurred in
the importance of preserving the independence of the
native principalities, eend denounced the annexation po
licy. Lord Dalhousie himself, who arrived in India in
January, 1848, before he had been seven months in the
country, before lie could have gained any experience
(being himself the youngest governor-general ever
appointed), expressed a decided opinion on the pro
priety of annexing. Sattara. When the Burmese war
broke out, he (Sir .E. Perry), was in India.. He had no
idea at the time that all sorts of etiquette would be broken
through ; but he was now convinced that the annexation
of Burnell was the settled intention of Lord Dalhousie.
So many annexations had been attempted of late years
that even the Court of Directors, in four instances, bad
been constrained to refuse their sanction. In the case
of Jedpoor and otter states, the failure of heirs had been
alleged as the ground of annexation ; but ho positively
denied that such was the case. The adopted heirs, by the
law of the country, enjoyed all the rights of natural
heirs in such cases. In reference to Oude, a different
justification was alleged. *lt was said there was turbu-
lence in the state, and it was the duty of the paternal
British Government to put it down. He denied not that
misgovernment bad prevailed there ; the King of Oude
was dissolnte, and much oppression had been practised
in his dominions. But.could this justify an infringement
of the national rights existing between independent
state 3 ? In 1801, Lord Wellesley had annexed one
half of Oude on exactly the same ground—the extortions
and oppressions of the native Government. Historians had
since canvassed this transaction, and they expressed
doubts as to the statements on which the annexation of
that slay was justified. Mr. H. R, Wilson, in his narra-
tive of the transaction, while admitting that great mis-
rule.and disorganisation prevailed in Oude, stated that
the people were nevertheless prosperous, and that the
English Government had no right to interfere teed dic-
tate to the Government of Oude what course should be
pursued. As well might some other state, pleading the
misrule and irregularities which prevailed in our own pro-
vinces, from Bengal to the very gates of Calcutta, insist
on annexing those provinces, and putting an end to Bri-
tish Government. If there was misgovernment in the na.
tive territories, it was owing to our interference. A few
years ago Oude was I be garden of India; its revenues ex-
ceeded 3 millions but the appointment of a British resi-
dent there had caused all the mischief. There had been
one brief period of 8 years during which Oude had been
properly treated, and that was the most floui jelling period
of its history. From the times of Burke till the present;
Lucknow had been notorious for vice and immorality; it
had been the black spot of the British dominions
in India. Tilera were still seventy millions of natives
and 200 native princes remaining to be absorbed, the
princes trembling on their thrones in anticipation of a
decree going forth for the annexation of their territories.
Already the Indian press was beginning to hint at the
annexation of the Nizain's territories, and others would
follow. Ho had shown that the annexation system was
unsound on financial grounds ' • and he hoped that, on
the higher ground of national faith, we should be in-
duced to pause in this injurious career of territorial ag-
grandisement, which, if persisted in, would be the bane
of British domination in India.
Mr. MURROUGU said that the East India Govern.
went, instead of being a paternal government, was one
of the most insupportable that could be conceived, and
he believed that if the present system was persisted in,
the decrease which had been pointed out iu the revenues
of India would become year bv year more remarkable.
Indiaewas labouring under the want of a just admi-
nistration of the law and a fixity of tenure in the land,
the evils arising from which affected the prince as well
as the ryot. Te latter knew that if he increased his
produce it would be seized by the revenue collector; and
the prince knew that a well-organised system of govern-
ment would only excite the rapacity of the rulers of In-
dia. The cases of torture which had formerly been de-
nied, but which were now admitted, and the seizure of
Oude, were illustrations of the policy of the Indian Go-
vernment, which did not stand alone. Take the case of
the Rajeli of Courg. That piince had lent to the Indian
Government half a million of money. A murder was
committed in his dominions, and the Government
made that a pretext for seizing his capital and domi-
nions, together with the bonds which showed that they
were indebted to him. The Nagpore case was equally
iniquitous ; whilst that of Mr. Dyco Sombre, whose
will was now the subjectof judicial investigation, proved
that the East India Company wererestrained by no scru-
ples when the acquisition of wealth was in view.
Mr. V. SMITH understood that the question which
had been raised by the hon. member for Devonport was
not to have been brought forward this week, and stated
that until this evening he had not the slightest idea of
the line of argument which his bon. friend would take.
It_ had been arranged that an evening should be set apart
for what was celled the India budget, on which occasion
the Minister for India would make a speech explanatory
of tbe financial condition of India, and the question
might then be fairly raised for diselassion. He trusted,
therefore, that his hon. friend would not think that be
was treating him with disrespect if he declined to follow
him into the details of his statement. The only ground
on which that statement could be justified at this period
would have been delay on his (Mr. V. Smith's) part in
the production of the accounts. So far from that being
the case, he had sent out the resolution passed by the
house last session, requiring a statement of Indian re-
'venue te be merle up to the 30th day of April of the pre-
ceeding year, with an earnest request that the Govern-
ment in India would carry out that resolution. He was
happy to add that the resolution of Parliament had been
attended to, and that some of the accounts bad reached
- -
this country already, whilst others would shortly arrive,
so that he hoped to be enabled to make his financial
statement earlier this year than had been done on any
former occasion. It was exceedingly creditable to the
Government in India, considering the immense extent o
empire from whence these accounts had to be collected,

that they had been forwarded so early. The hon. member
(Sir, E. Perry) complained,of the expenditure on public
works which were unremunerative, as the great cause
of the deficiency in the revenue, and said that those
works only produced one per cent. upon the outlay.
If the hon. member included military works in the
term public works, perhaps the statement as to the per
centage might be correct, but if the works for irriga-
tion and other productive purposes were taken alone,
the returns would be found in all cases very much
higher. In a recent letter from Madras, we had a re-
turn of the public works in that Presidency, from which
he found that the returns in a single year upon the ori-
ginal outlay were in one case 62i per cent., in another
1481 per cent., and in a third 313 per cent. Taking
the non. gentleman's own calculation, if 1,200,0001. had
been expended in these public works, that accounted for
a very large, proportion of the deficiency of 2,500,0001.
in the revenue of India, whilst the hon. gentleman said
that the whole 'of the deficiency arose from carrying out
au annexation policy.
Sir E. PERRY—I did not say so.
Sir V. SMITH—If the hen. member did not say the
whole, his argument was to the effect that the greater
part, at least, of the deficiency was caused by that po-
licy.. It was wrong to call annexation a policy, if by
that term was meant a predetermination on the part
of the Government and the Governer General in India
to seize upon and annex whatever territories they could.
There was no such policy, and no such Governor-Ge-
neral. Each annexation arose out of some peculiar
combination of circumstances and necessities, and must
tbeesjtuidhe judged upon
of any single annexation by its n its own merits. It was wrong also to
pecu-
niary results, because, if by such annexation we got
rid of a turbulent and unruly neighbour, political and
social results might outweigh any pecuniary loss. If
the returns of the last three or four years alone were
taken, it might be shown that the annexation of these
territories were costly affairs. But was not a fair
way of judging upon the subject to take such a short
period. He, had no hesitation io prophesying that we
should hereafter derive very considerable benefit from
the annexation of Oude. The lion. gentleman had spoken
of a deficit in the province of Scinde and'in other pro-
vinces, but the fact was that such deficits included the
expenditure for peblie works. A return had been moved
for with respect to the amount of Indian debt, and his
right hon. friend the late President of the Board of Control, with great care, prepared an account which I
would give to the house a better knowledge of our India
revenues than it had yet received, and he thought the
hon. gentleman (Sir E. Perry) would have done well to
have acquainted himself with that account before bring.
ing his motion before the house. Some observations had
been made with reference to the increase of charges. He '
admitted there was a tendency in all distant Govern-
ments to increase charges, and that such was to some
extent the case in India. In this country the expendi-
tsare of public money was guarded over by the House of
Commons, and was infuanced by public opinion, but in
India the only public opinion was the public opinion of

the civil service, and it would be superhuman to imagine
that men in India, living in a limited :moiety, and in a
confined atmosphere of public opinion, should set them-
selves steadily to the work of cutting down each other's
fortunes. Economy in India would be a very difficult
task to accomplish. If they looked at the outbreaks to
which we were continually subjected in India it would
he impossible to say that our military expenditure could
be judiciously reduced. (Hear, hear.) They had there-
fore only the civil service to deal with ; and he must
confess that he knew no reason why, with the easy c
on-
munication between this country and India, the civil
servants should be put upon a higher footing than those
in the colony of Ceylon, or any other distant colony.
That was a serious question ; but he thought, in this
respect, they had something to look forward to in the
way of reduction of expenditure. He believed, also,
that there were taxes which they should be able to re-
duce. The only other subject he should mention was
with regard to the question of annexation. He must
say it was not a financial question, but a large national
one. He should not enter into the subject further than
to say that the moment the answer from the Marquis of
Dalhousie arrived stating what had heen done at Oude,
he (Mr. V. Smith) sent the whole of the papers to be
printed ; and as so in as they were ready they would be
Presented to the house. That showed there had been no
delay on the part of the home Government ; on the con-
trary, they were anxious that the matter should not rest.
When the papers were laid upon the table, for his part,
he believed the reproach of the Goveinment would be
" Why did you allow such a wretched and detestable state
of things to exist so long on your frontiers?" He did
not complain of any hon. gentleman calling attention to
the affairs of India, but on the present occasion he
thought the hon. gen den. a is speech was not an attack on
annexation, but an attack on the Marquis of Da.lhousie's
administration. He could only say with regard to that
nobleman's government that it would be impossible to
deny that his fame had been fairly earned as a good ad-
ministrator in India. He might say, when the hon. gen-
tleman talked of an increasing deficit, that upon the esti-
m ttes of this year their was a diminution of the deficit
of upwards of 500,0001. He could now announce that
the general deficit was only about 1,900,0001.
Mr. OTWAY said the right hon. gentleman bad ad-
mitted that taxat.on in India had reached its limits. If
such were the case, where were we to supply the deft
ciency which had bean referred to. That deficiency
inu,t inevitably fail upon this country, because the con-
nection between the finances of India and the finances of
England was much greater than was generally supposed.
The account of cash balances in India showed a defici-
ency between April, 1853, and April, 1855, of 6,599/ 18s.
91, He asked the right hon. gentleman to account for
this deficiency occurring in the course of two years. He
thought that it could not he accounted for by the ex-
penditure of pubic works in India. What did the right
hon. hart. the First Lord of the Admiralty state the
amount of public works in India to be ? In 1851,
400,0001. ; 1853, 700 0001. ; 1854, 802,009/. ; 1855,
850,000/. ; whilst Mr. Grant's exceeded his threefold.
The statements of the latter were fallacious, no doubt,
but he mentioned Mr. Grant's statement to show with
what distrust such calculations from India must be re-
ceived. There could be no doubt that the revenue in
India was annually declining, and the sources of revenue
being dried up. It behoved the house to take care of the
policy pursued in India, for eventually this house would
be made responsible for that policy. The hon, gentle-
man then alluded t i coins of the various loans that had
been contracted by India, showing that, except in small
quantities, the East India Company could not obtain
money. As to annexation, that question had not
been discussed on the grounds on which it ought to
be discussed—namely, high moral grounds. Would
our conduct towards the King of Oude hold good
in Europe ? No ; not for one moment. What would
have been thought of a French Monarch who would
attempt to dethrone an English ruler on account of his
immorality ? Was the Shah of Persia to be dethroned on
account of his immorality ? Surely such au argument
would not be listened to. To supply a sinking treasury
he believed to he the motive at the bottom of the annexa-
tion of Oude, instead of any supposed immorality on the
part of its King. He had letters from Lucknow which I
stated that general mourning was put on there when the
-population understood that Oude was to be annexed ;
that the people there tore their hair, and showed every
symptom of grief. He trembled when he reflected upon
the effects which might be produced upon the Indian
army by this unwise and unjust policy. Oude bad been
annexed in direct violation of treaty. The hon. gentle-
man then read the 7th article of the treaty between the
British Government and the King of Oude in confirma-
tion of what he stated. He read of the treaty of 1847.
He feared the subject would not be palatable to his hear-
ers, but the readers of the history of India knew that
there hardly ever was a treaty with an Indian prince
which had not been violated by the British Government.
Since our connection w.th Oude it had never ceased to
decline. We were bound to show, as regarded annexation,
that we were not actuated by improper or unju motives.
Tne East India Government had borrowed from the King
of Oude 4.730,000/., and we had paid back in cash only
1 781,0001. ; the rest was repaid by the cession of barren
territory which we took from the Rajah of Nepaul. (The
hon. gentleman read a letter from Nepaul in confirmation
of this statement.) Was this conduct worthy of a great
nation ? Even the barren land and wild jungle they were
now about to wrest from him. He read lettersfroxn Luck-
no w which stated that the Sovereign of Nepaul was ready
to assist the Ki ig of Oude against the annexation of that
country, and that that step nad excited the greatest dis-
content, not only in Oude, but elsewhere in India. The
principles which had been acted upon in India could not
be applied to Europe; nor would they like to see them acted
noon with regard to Persia. He had read statements in
Gorman, Danish, and Italian newspapers, and in all the
English Government and the English people were held
up to ridicule far the manner in which the Indian terri-
ritories were governed. He trusted the house would
pause before they assented to the system of the whole-
sale annexation of the territories of India under the Go-
vernment of Lord Dalhousie.
Sir J. W. HOGG said the hon. member who had just sat
down had referred to the marvellous reduction of the balances
in the Indian treasury. He said they had been 13 or 14 mil-
lions ; then that they went down fee 8 millions; and he seemed
to think that there had been a wrongful appropriation of the
cash balances in the treasury. Now, he would state the rea-
son why the cash balances so much decreased ; it was because
the Indian Government received orders from the home autho-
rities to apply them to meet the expenses of the public works,
and the sums which went to pay off the 5 per cent. loan under
the extraordinary financial operations of Lord Dalhousie,
which took effect when ho converted the 5 per cent, stock
into 4 per cent., thereby saving the country half a million
sterling a year. The hon. and learned gentleman below him
(Sir E. Perry) stated that, however great Lord Dalhousie
might have proved himself iu other respects, his financial ope-
rations had been a failure. This he (Sir J. W. Hogg)denied.
He would now show what the present condition of India was,
but first he would call the attention of the house to the notice
ca
did lled to
hwathhtoehua affairssthouse, much
o
f
of motion of the hon. and learned member for Devonport (Sir
Ee Perry). He (Sir J. W. Hogg) was one of those who anxi-
ously hoped
both u
th aot
prevailed
etvet of attention
t; would
houseou
still,l d
he
and in
its
h belnciia,as
misapprehension
atten-
tion to be called in the manner in which the boo, and learned
gentleman had spoken to-night—going through all matters,
political, civil, and indite y. The declamatory style of the
hon, and learned member was not the way in which ho
ought to have called the attention of the house to Indian sub-
jects ; but if there was any specific acts to be complained of,
why did lie not move for the papers, and have the docu-
ments placed upon the table, so that all hon. members
might be informed of those complaints, and be able to speak
upon them. He would put it to the hoarse whether any man,
on reading the notice of motion, could have supposed that
the hon. and learned member would have taken the course he
did to-night ?Ho submitted that a desultory debate upon
Indian finance could only mislead the house ; but he would
now show why in some years there had been a surplus, and
in some years a deficit, During the last six years there had
been a surplus in the first four, and a deficit iu the last two
years. He could not compare three years with three years,
but he would give the accounts of the three years of surplus,
and would give an average of expenditure miler each sepa-
rate head, and then ho would do the same with regard to the
two years of deficit, which lie admitted had been correctly
stated. During the three years of ]B5l, 1852, and 1853,
the average of the land revenue of India was 15,506,045/., and
in the two years of 1853-4 cud 1854-5, it was ;5,218,7061.
showing an average decrease of 257,339/. Under the head of
customs' receipts, the average revenue during the three years
mentioned was 844,7411.—showing under this head an in-
crease of 22,6481. The next head of revenue was that of salt.
The average of the three years was 1,381,7131., and for the
last two years it was 1,424,873'., showing an increase of
43,160/. Then, with regard to opium. The revenue of the
first three years was 3,199,400/., and during the last two
years it was 3,152,5521,, showing a decrease under this head
of 46,848/. He had given the receipts of revenue, and now he
would combine the results, -There was a small increase under
two heads, and a considerable decrease under the others.
Then, deducting the increase from the decrease, it left a net
decrease of revenue amounting to 238,3791. Now, he came to
the charges during the first three years, and they amounted
to 685,029/., and during the last two years they were
914,9 791., showing_ aa.increase of 229,887/. Under the next
head, of marine and ludian navy, it would be found that
during the first three years the charges were 317,985/ , and
durine the last two years they were 391,82 g., showing
an increase of 4'4,54!1, Then came the ordinary
military charges; and these, during the first three years,
amount° to 10,151,2351., and during the last two years
111,883,6021., showing an increase under this head of rro less a
sum than 732,367/ Under the head of extraordinary mili-
tary charges, it would be found that, duri tg the first three
years, they were 380,1121., and during the last two years
8 ',8,2951., showing an increase of 472,183/. Then as to in
terest, the average amount paid for the first three years was
1,95,99;1., and the amount paid for the last two years was
1,934,270/., showing a decrease in payment of interest of
22,7231. Now, if the house combined the result of these
statements, they would have an average for civil charges,
marine and navy, and military, ordinary and extraordinary,
charges of 1,478,278/s, from which they must deduct 25,723/.
saved in the payment of interest, and the total charges left
would be 1,455,855/. The next charge was for public works,
which included all repairs, roads, barracks, and everything
which came within these terms. During the first three years
the sum expended was 421,5911., and during the last two
years it was 1,244,667/e showing an increase of 823,1261
Now, if they combined the whole, the decrease of revenue,
and the increase in charges, under all heads, the amount a
deficit would be 2,517,016/. He had shown how much of

this arose from loss'inineorne, and how much from increased
charges ; anal the question was, how much of the deficit could
be considered of a permanent and how much of a temporary
character. The land tax had slightly decreased iu Bengal,
but it had largely decreased in Madras, from two years of
drought, but it would not be perpetual. As to the de-
crease under the head of opium, he would not pretend to
speak.— he must be a bold man who di l. In some years
the revenue was large, and in others small, but should
the • internal affairs of China be::eme more settled
the revenue might be increased. From the extra-
ordinary operations in finance of Lord Dalhousie there was
a saving now of 22,7231., but next year, in interest alone,
there would be a saving of half a million. The excess of mili-
tary charges was great, but it was the opinion of Lord Dal-
housie that it might be reduced. Almost on every occasion of
the appointment of a native official, xis allowance was in-
creased; and with great benefit to the public service. Among
those items which had increased the expenditure, he wished
to call attention to the enormous sums spent on military bar-
racks for the benefit of the European troops, The house, to),
Would boar in mind a scheme of education for India which