The Sun.
London, England, 1834-03-24 00:00:00

enc rbn tlh.t a gentleman was a'towed two years of his exist-
if be wished to practice at the bar or as a physician, b
being educated and taking a degree at the university. That disqua-
, lui,hcationwas theact of God rather than of the university; if there
the ny
or the pardty o
itßecnuliti on that score the evidence of the education
give the qualification. Because these dis-
qualifications arose the house were called on to make
great changes in the constitution of the university, to
otoverthrow that system of education which would be painful
boutnhat established church, the welfare of which we were
d to uphold.
He looked also to the necessary result to
the university itself, and what would be the turmoil created
isnothre governing body by having a small number of the Dis_
N)e..l.ng botlY among them, who would be always making pro-
itions in favour of Dissenters. They would have repeated
17"lie`di`nts and discussions as to different sects brought for.
,td, an, agitated, thereby dividing the governin body. He
Ce;Lud forbear from entering into all the details oft he subject,
,en,4 se he did not wish to prolong a discussion upon the pre-
was ast,:en °f a petition. As to the King's letter of 1613 h,
on
that, bee his right hon. friend did not intend to rely
vbieh cause there was no title to property of any descriptionmu
to "Would be safe ; if they were to go back for 21 centuries,
give, errain under what circumstances that property was
caw: Nor would he go into the constitution of the Capi it of
and WI irlee ; but if there were any objection to that constitution
it ',nu eir objection to petitioning Parliament upon any subject,
of th' be
a, laid to him (Mr. G.) who knowing the sentiments
1 aelltith' ..lerned body had contented himself with giving those
spe,,,T'Llts expression. He knew that the petition did not
tbe sentiments of the University, and he hoped no greater
Paris',Porte,
ce would be attached to it than it deserved, in acorn-
whoieun between the numbers of the petitioners and that of the
?4,.l,llihnabers of the University.—(Hear, hear.)
Portant P$ bets
said that the question had assumed a very
im-
the enaracter when so many members conversant with
lion'sations of the University, had come forward to peti-
(enst the existing system of controversial education.
of et
,_.l!ear, hear.) About fifteen years ago, the course
view 'Lunation in the university had been revised, with a
m had doing away with its controversial character,
fair s° continued to the present time. It was most un-
Oraeirthe ali°lling the Dissenters to study and go through
waiebL!' Course of instruction, to deny them the certificate
suppose hr attainmentsh entitled them to. It was absurd. tof
the no; e.",l"atlY change could be effected in the constitution°
h gp-1,1147, bY admitting disse ,ters to places in the ser!ate.
;Ltvookik''KEß suggested that as it was almost three o clock
Ovir live better to adjourn the discussion.
of the boronllMl'REßY brought in a bill for the better supplying
end time O' of Southwark with water, which was read a
o,e'
Paving,p. "NELL brought up a petition for the better
firstrst 41Z°, of Kingston and Blackrock, which was read a
It being
three O'clock, the SPEAKER left the chair.
COURT
OF CHANCERY.—(THIS DAY.)
The
--
m, +
glirtlents Amp
—.O.-
„CHANCELLOR heard counsel conclude their
„
Sat. A `he bankruptcy matter that was in hearing
ooned,..r.fity ; the hear,___
mg of the two others was post-
iota these (re
a Chambers) in consequence of being put
ea
Patti Pperbyo mistake, the other in consequence of the
not being ready.
n LUNACIES.
0" CHANCELLOR proceeded immediately after
Ittnatl. g of the bankruptcies in the paper, to hear the
e Matters which stood for to-day,

LITERATURE.

ENCYCL 0 P.,T: 1.-t BRIT .1 NICA. VoL.
VIII., EDINBURGH

The second p:0 of v!:1.8. contains three long
and comprehensive artich s On Egypt, Electricity,
and England. The statistical account of Eng-
land, which is chiefly taken from parliamentary
papers, contains a summary of returns and details
connected with trade, population, revenue, and
expenditure, and general institutions. It abounds
particularly with useful information on almost
every branch of our foreign and home trade.
Though this is the most useful part of the arti-
cle, the history of Henry VIII. is by far the
most interesting, and places in a strong light the
cause of the reformation, the illegal confiscation
of church property for the private use of the
King and his favourites, and above all the de-
graded condition and spiritless conduct of the
' people of England, under the iron sway of the
most atrocious tyrant that ever filled a throne.
Independent of the barbarous treatment of his
wives, his execution, or rather the murder, of
Sir Thomas More, the first Englishman of his
day, is an indelible stain on the age. This
number also contains the history of another san-
guinary reformer—one who might urge some
excuse for his cruelties, and who has made some
atonement for them by the good order and
reform which he has introduced into his. do-
minions—we mean Mehemmed Ali, the present-
Pacha of Egypt. Sprung from the lowest
origin, he commenced his career so early as
1798 ; he has fought his way by great enterprise,
perseverance, and bravery, not unmingled with
treachery and cruelty, to the rank of an inde-
pendent prince, and to the acquisition of power
which, but for the interference of foreigners,
would have mode him master of Constantinople,
and placed him on the throne of the Sultans.
The steps by which he has reached such a
station, the difficulties he had to contend with,
and the judicious use which he makes of his
means in promoting the trade, independence,
and resources of the country, are well described.
The country, which for ages had been only the
retreat of lawless banditti, is now rendered as
safe as any part of England, the laws are
administered with activity and vigilance, roads
and canals are constructed, schools established,
commerce and manufactures encouraged, so
that the exports and imports formerly nearly
nominal, now amount to several millions an-
nually ; and, notwithstanding his losses in the
Morea, and the destruction of his fleet at Na-
varm, he had, in 1831, a disciplined army of
75,000 regular troops, with a fleet of twelve
ships of the line, and more than thrice the
number of frigates and other vessels of war. His
present power, and the improved state of Egypt,
however, are better known than the means by
which he has attained his end ; and this will
afford the best excuse for quoting at length the
account of his treachery and Cruelty, in exter-
minating the Mamlukes about four years after
our ill-planned and ill-fated expedition to Egypt
in 1807. The Mamluk es, who had long been
considered the finest and most daring cavalry
which the world have ever seen, had hitherto
interposed an insurmountable barrier to his plans
of aggrandisement, and he resolved to crush
them for ever.

" But in order to succeed in his object, it was necessary
to draw the Mamlukes to some place whence flight might
be impossible; and in laying the snare the utmost caution
and prudence were requisite, as a single false step, or the
slightest precipitation, on his parr, would have alarmed the
suspicions of his intended victims, and baffled the whole
scheme. Mehemmed accordingly commenced by gaining
over to his side Selahin Elfi, whom lie appointed com-
mandant of Ghizeh, and loaded with valuable presents.
'1 he Mamlukes could not resist the effects of this example ;
all of them sighed after Cairo, and wished to exchange
their wandering and comfortless mode of life for the plea-
sures of the capital. The aged Ibrahim warned them of
the fate which awaited them, if, without due precaution,
they placed themselves in the power of the perfidious
pacba; and the projects of the latter were several times
baffled by the cautious and experienced Bey. But the
profound dissimulation and artful management of Mehem-
med ultimately prevailed over the admonitions of the
veteran chief; and, about the beginning of 1811, the
greater part of the Beys,,with' their suites, repaired to
Cairo. Here they celebrated in festivities the remem-
brance of their ancient power, and appeared even to brave
the paella himself, who, having assembled an army to
march against the Wahabis, was preparing to review it
previously to its departure. At length the Ist of March
arrived. This was the day named for the investiture of
Toussoun, the viceroy's favourite son, upon whom the
Porte had conferred the dignity of pacba of two tails, and
wild had been appointed by his father to the command
of the army destined to serve in Arabia. Four persons
only were admitted into the secret. At the time ap-
pointed, all the grandees, military chiefs, and Mamlukes,
arrayed in their splendid uniforms, proceeded to the cita•
del, and were usheied into the hall of audience, where
they offered their congratulations to the pasha, who re-
ceived them with great apparent affability. When the
ceremony had concluded, the signal for departure was
made by the viceroy, and the column, in the midst of
which were the Mamlukes mounted on their superb
chargers, descended by a narrow road cut out of the
rock, and leading from the citadel to the gate' of El
Azab and the square of Routneyleh. As soon as the
head of the column bail entered Cairo, the gate of El
Azab was shut, and the chief of the 4lbanians, Saleb
Koch, apprized his soldiers in a few words that the petits
commanded them to exterminate the Mamlukes. With-
out uttering a single word the Albanians immediately
ascendtd the steep sides of the road, which they promptly
lined ; and scarcely had this moment apprized the Mam-
lukes of the danger which menaced them, when a terrible
tire was directed against them from the ramparts of the
citadel, as well as from the heights which commanded
the road. Confined in this gulf, into which they now
rained a deluge of bre, the Mamlukes sprung from their
horses, which became unmanageable ; tore away the
lower garments
either side of heir
tempted, in their turn, to mount the rocky acclivities on
impeded their movements; and at
Half
nakreodad. But all their efforts were un-
they clambered up heights,the'
availing.
and despair at not btehieng with their sabres in their hands,
ablecolumnmovements
begun to defile firm the
ts
fbetrayed his anxiety ;
citadel when the pasha's
and on hearing the first dischargesedeadly
his agita-
tion redoubled, his visage became
yompeanlet, and his lips
quivered. It was indeed a terrible m
knew
the value of his enemies; success might be doubtful
his
orders might not he.well executed ; the frantic eneurg;
despair might overthrow all his combinations. 1-1,-Y,,,a°sl
in the very crisis of his fate ; his own existence and that
of his family depended on the issue of the combat, which
be had so treacherously commenced ; and no safety re-
mained for him except in the complete execution of the
general massacre which he had planned, not only in Cairo,
but throughout all Egypt. Whilst matters remained in
suspense, therefore, a thousand appalling apprehensions
appear to have arisen in his agitated mind. At length
heads, the usual signal of victory, were brought, and laid
at his feet. But the sight of these bloody trophies, though
it appears to have somewhat abated his terrors, did not
restore serenity to his countenance. In a little time Men-
' driei, one of the p icha's physicians, entered his apart-
ment, and warmly congratulated him on the success of his
enterprise. The affair is finished,' said the Genoese.
with an air of gaiety; this is a day of rejoicing for your
highness.' Mehemmed made no answer to the heartless
remark of the Italian, but looking around in a dark and

,uspiell,u3 manner, seemed apprehensive lest some Nam-
!Like, eicaped from the carnage, shoul I come to avenge
upon him the slaughter of- his comrades. Twenty-three
Beys and more thin a thousand Mainlukes were the victims
of this bloody day, Having finished their task of butchery,
the Albanians entered Cairn in triumph, and, under the
pretext of seaching for- Mamlukrs, penetrated into the
houses and•committed all sorts of excesses. For two days
the city was abandoned to pillage, and not less than five
hundred houses were sacked by the licentious soldiery. At
length Mehemmed descended from the citadil wi h an
escort, and, preceded by executioners, traversed the city,
where he ee_estabkhed order, and received the felicitations
of the sheikhs and the ulemas, over the bloody corpses of
his enemies,"

The remains of this unfortunate militia
were afterwards pursued into Nubia. They
were finally attacked in 1820 by the Paella's
t;oops, under the command of his son Ismael,
and from that time have, as a body, ceased to
exist.

110 WITT'S PRIESTCRAFT, LONDON, 1834.

A bold and, to a certain extent, successful
effort to unveil the mysteries of priestcraft. The
author, who is a member of the Society of
Friends, is DO great admirer of the episcopal
part of our church establishment, which meets
with in him a most truculent and formidable
opponent. As the present is a second edition,
we have little need to say aught in its praise ;
we shall content ourselves, therefore, with saying
that Mr. Howitt's reply to Archdeacon
Wil-
kin's attack on him, is one of the most tri-
umphant things we ever read.