The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-15 00:00:00

7 may—PlM aM 61.3 •
• rFi
N°. 18,428.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY rti7:4 `3 Ta Ct.:3/17 ° • '
- ,
OCTOBER 15 1851.
7

Now ready, price 2s. fid.,
LIST of AWARDS GRANTED by the JU-
RIES, with the Report of Viscount Canning in presenting*
the Awards to the Royal Commission, and H. R. II Prince Albert's
Answer.

SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers.
WM. CI.O WES asd SONS, Printers.
Oftkill Catalogue Office, 29, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars ; at
Hyde Park ; and of all Booksellers.

Albemarle-street, October, 1851.
MURRAY'S READING for the RAIL :
Or CHEAP BOOKS in a LANGE READABLE TYPE,
To be published occasionally, and varying in prices trom One

Shilling and Upwards.

The aim and object of the publisher, in this Series, is to dissemi-
nate sound and entertaining information and innocent amusement,
instead of the trivial, and often immoral, publications which are for
the most part offered to the notice of Railway Readers. He designs
to introduce a class of works at once cheap, valuable, and instructive,
not merely to be read on the Railway, and thrown aside at the end
of the journey, but such as shall deserve a permanent place on the
shelves of the library.
It will thus form an appropriate sequel to the "Home and Co-
lonial Library."

Already published,
E-4SAYS from " The Times." Being a selection from the Liter.
cry Papers which have appeared in that Journal. Fcap. Bvo. 4s.
If.
The CHACE. By Nimrod. Woodcuts. Fcap. Bvo. is.

"The FORTY-FIVE ;" or, The Rebellion in Scotland. By Lord
Mahon. Post Bvo. 3s. _ _ _

To be followed by
The ROAD. By Nimrod. Woolcuts. Fcap. Svo. Is.
LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT of NINEYEIL Woodcuts.
Post Bvo.
BEES and FLOWERS. Reprinted from the Quarterly Review.
Fcap. Bvo.
John Murray, Albemarle-street.

Li a few days, in 1 vol., post Bvo.,
KOSSUTH and MAGYAR LAND ; or,
Personal Adventures during the War in Hungary.
By CHARLES PRIDHASI, Esq., B.A.
Late Correspondent of a Leading Morning Journal.
London : James Madden, Leadenhall-street.

COMPANION to the PSALM and lIYMN
BOOK. By GEORGE FORBES.
Pocket Edition of Congregational Psalmody, for Four Voices, Or-
gan, or Piano, with words, Psalms. Hall's Selection. ss.
loth, gilt.
Dedicated, by permission, to the Rev. Dr. Spry, Dale, Baring,
Gurney, &c.
Wright, Pall-mall; Rivington, Hatchard, Boosey, Leader and
Cocks, &c.
" More valuable than many works of higher pretensions."—Atlas.
"Mr. Forbes is entitled to something more than praise for his
audable exerticns—success."—Messenger.

MR. YERRAL ON TILE SPINE AND PARALYSIS.
Cloth, price Six Shillings.
THE SPINE, its CURVATURES, and ether
DISEASES, their Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. To which
are added, Remarks upon PARALYSIS, with numerous cases in il-
lustration. By CHARLES VERRAL, M.R.C.S., Surgeon to the
Hospital for the Cure of Distortions, Portland-road, London, and the
Sea Bathing Infirmary at East Bourne.
Shortly will appear, by the same author, Practical ObserYations on
DISTORTIONS of the CHEST and LIhBS, illustrated by a Series
of Cases.
London : \John Churchill, Princes street, Soho.

ARCTIC REGIONS.—The new discoveries in
the Arctic Regions are shown on Mr. WYLD'S LARGE
MODEL of the EARTII, in Leicester-square, OPEN to the Public
every day in the week, from Nine o'clock in the Morning until Ten
at Night.
Admission, One Shilling.
Explanatory Demonstrations every half hour.

ANTICIPATED DISSOLUTION OF
PARLIAMENT.
_ _

THE MEN OF THE PEOPLE.
Who is the man of the people ? Not he who talks of reform, and
economy, and retrenchment—not he who is always calling out
against extravagance and corruption, but the man who actually
saves the public money. He who can see evils and correct them
without talking. Nothing is easier than to excite the multitude
upon the subject of their real or supposed wrongs, to rouse their feel-
ings against real or imaginary evils, but the man who sets in good
earnest about redressing wrongs and correcting evils, is the real man
of the people. Everybody who wore a coat felt deeply the cost of it,
and in many cases where his income was limited, he was forced to
wear one till it was shabby ; and, moreover, if he happened to buy a
cheap one, it was shabby very soon. Now, E. MOSES and SON
saw this grievous evil many years ago and removed it. They saw
that the public was imposed upon, and they gave the people an op-
portunity of not only saving half the money laid out in dress, but fur-
nished them with garments that looked twice as well and wore twice
as long at half the money they had been in the habit of paying. E.
MOS'ES and SON employed an immense capital that they might buy
the best goods in the best market in large quantities, and paid ready
money to lower the price, and they give the advantage of their
cheap purchases to the public: Then let the cry be—" MOSES 1 the
Man of the People ! !" for he has saved the people millions, besides
clothing them better. Let any one step into their enormous esta-
blishment—their great palace of industry, at the corner of the Mino-
ries and Alcigate, or into their West-end establishment (New Oxford-
street and Hart-street), and judge for themselves. They will there
see the finest assortment of winter clothing for all classes that was
ever got together, every article marked with the price, frona which
there can be no deviation, and none but those who see can believe
that it is possible to buy goods of such splendid quality at the price.
NOTICE.—This establishment will be closed on Saturday evening
next, October 18th, and will resume business as usual on Monday
morning, the 20th.

E. MOSES and SON,

London City Establishment, 151, 155, 156, and 157, MinorieS, 83,
44, 85, and 86, Aidgate, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Orford-street, 1,2,
end 3, Hart-street, all communicating.
Bradford "Yorkshire" Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargato.
Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boet and Shod-
nakers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset Sa-
,e,day, when business is reamed till Twelve o'clock.

DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho;
147, Fleet-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author
price One Shilling each; by post, ls. Gd.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
Corrovrs:—Early Rising-4riag and Summer Mernings—Ex-
eirilous about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Mils,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
f rips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening.. at home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
lint, Ease, Occupation,
IL
FRAHM-I:NTS FROM THE ITHUNTA...9O. TWo Vat,
Vol I.
A VISIT TO THE LAKES; SKETCH_ OF EDLNBURGEI,
V.
THE LAKES 07 KILLARNEY REBILNISI.IENCES 07
DUBLIN, Fah
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
" That three score years and ten our course may ran."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of nor-
vynsly-debilltated health and enfeebled constitution, that haraFses
t young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
la ion of every-day life.
THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what impras%
Truths as relined as Athens over heard."
3VJECT ; -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of
licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and remediative, Advocacy of early marriages.

TIIE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question.°
Palaisiassis:—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
ii ;.ion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time r.nd
cti .ice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
fliure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cat's, tee.
By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
1%14). Twenty-five years Medical any YorenKie Referee in these
matters. Reception hours daily till Five. Evenings, Seven till
Nine 10, Argyll-place. Regent-street.

THE SILENT FRIEND.
IN SIX LANGUAGES—FORTIETH EDITION.
CO sTTAININO THE REMEDY FOR PRh.VENTIOr. of DISEASE.

llnstrated by One tiundred Anatomical Coloured Emonvlllgr•
Or, PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-
PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.

A. New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, price 2s. tie. by post, from
the Establishment. as 6d. in stamp'.
THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by
excessive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of
mot cury, with directions for the use of the preventive lotion, fof
lowed by observations on Marriage, anu the disqualhications which
prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L.
PERKY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
street, London. S.old by strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay,
53, and Sanger. 150. Oxford-stre.t Gordon,l46, Leadonhall-street ;
Barclay, 95, Farringdon-street; W. Sutton, 10, Bow Church-yard;
W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's Church-yard ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; It.
Johnson, 68, Cornhill ; and Simphin, Stationers' Hall-court.
PAV.T I. treats of the anatomy arm pnysioiogy ui 01.0 re-productive
organs, and is Illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings.
Pk= 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
Incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
['MIT 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
.he primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engray-
WS*
staerri olcidered, and the, and its du-
ties.
Peati 11% contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
r"
i' st duenr oanr
c also o r age
whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
TrE CoaniAD BALM OF SYRIACVM is exclusively employed in
Th V.
causeslsd devoted
°Orl
unproductive tothe c
treating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, sic., Ils. and 335.
per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, lls. a E. Der
bottle. Perry 's Purifying Specific Pills, 25. 9cli, 4s. Gdn.d , and 1 Is.
per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, g
oet, stricture, and
chronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
li. A minute detail of the case is required: age, habits, and posi.
hen in society. 61. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Esta-
bllOment only, by which the fee, IL. is saved. Messrs. Perry,
Surgeons, are in attendance, daily, at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
treet, London, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight; on thin.
rom Eleven to One.

THE SAGACITY OF TEIE DOG.—A man named
Maubernard, of Nimes, went a few days ago to his field to
cultivate his vines. He did not return at his usual hour in
the evening; but after a while his dog appeared, barking
mournfully. The animal refused to enter the house, and
barked and ran about as if inviting some one to follow.
When he perceived that he was followed, he went direct to
the field, and there beneath a tree was found his unfortunate
master bathed in blood, with several deep wounds in different
parts of his person. The man was taken home, and medical
assistance was procured, but he died in the course of a few
hours. It is not known by whom or for what cause he was
stabbed.

STATE OF TRADE.....MANCIIESTER, OCT. 14.
We have not been able to discover any improvement in the
tone of the market, though there has been a great disposition
to settled business. The chief source of the demand is in the
home trade, and for printing cloths there is a fair businessf
where producers do not hold too firmly to late prices. •In
other descriptions of cloth and in yarn, though we are not
without a fair demand on the whole, prices are weaker; and
this might: be expected, from the tenor of the Europa's ad-
vices, which bring news of a decline in cotton at New York
and in the southern ports of the United States of from 4C•
to c. par lb. We can hardly quote a general decline, how-
ever; in some cases' 4d. per lb. less was taken for yarn, and
114 d. per piece reduction on cloth. In this respect the
market has been rather irregular, and as a
doubt been greatsome-
what many houses
are no longer under contract, they
have no
what influenced by individual position rather than the gene-
ral tenor of the market. Sea Islands cotton:is an exception
to the rule, and is both scarce and
,dear, giving firmness to
the finer counts of yarn sprung from it, though there is by
no means a large business doing in this branch of the trade.

THE OVERLAND ROUTE TO INDIA.

A highly influential meeting of merchants and
other persons interested in the communications with
India and China, via Egypt, was held at the London
Tavern yesterday afternoon, for the purpose of consi-
dering the course most advisable to be adopted in the
pres,,nt position of affairs between the Government of
the Sultan and the Pacha.of Egypt, and the obstacles
interposed by the former to the construction of the
projected railway through the Egyptian pachalic,
with a view to averting the danger which now
menace; the important Bri:ida interests connected
with our colonies and possessions in the East. Mr.
Samuel Gregson, chairman of the East India and
China Association, presided, and amongst the gentle•
men. surrounding him we observed, Mr. Anderson,
M.P., Mr. Aglionby, M.P., Mr. Macgregor, M.P.,
General Briggs, Mr. Larking (chairman of the
Oriental Club), Mr. Barton, Mr. Foster, (Member of
the Council of Port Philip), Dr. Beattie, Mr. De
Saliz,, Mr. Briggs, Mr. Ewart, Mr. Robert Brook,
Mr. Thomas Fox, &c.

In opening the business,
The CHAIRMAN sail it would not be necessary for
him to detain them with a long introductory address,
and he should therefore proceed at once to state that
the overland route through Egypt being in danger, it
was the object of that meeting to take into considera-
tion what means should be adopted for averting so
great 4 calamity to the commercial interests as the
interruption of that splendid line of communication
with the vast regions of India and China. Any in-
terruption to that communication would be calami-
tous in the highest degree to the interests of Great
Britain, prejudicial to our great Eastern empire—he
had almost said embarrassing to her Majesty's Minis-
ters themselves—(Hear, hear) —and distressing to
thousands of families who had their nearest and dearest
relations in that part of the world.—(llear, hear.)
Above all, they must bear in mind that rapid commu-
nication and easy personal intercourse invariably
tended to cement the concord, and promote the civili-
zation, peace, welfare, and happiness of the nations of
the earth. The line of communication with India
and China, via Egypt, had been carried on in the
most satisfactory manner for more than ten years.
It was established by that great ruler of Egypt—that
wonderful man, Mehemet Ali, whose penetrating
mind foresaw that prosperity was sure to accrue to his
country by making it the highway for all the world. Un-
der his successor, Ibrahim Pasha, this state of things
continued still to exist, and up to the present moment,
under his Highness Abbas Pacha, it was not only
maintained in the same satisfactory state, but that
Dacha, emulating the energy of his grandsire, now
proposed to improve the communication, by intro-
ducing into his country the greatest of all modern
improvements—a railway across the desert.—(Cheers.)
Toe Sultan of Turkey had, however, to the constern-
aeion of all parties in this country, interfered and pro-
hibited the completion of that railway.—(Cheers.). It
was contended by the treaty of 1841, which was gua-
ranteed by most of the great powers of Europe, the
Sultan had no longer the power to interfere with the
internal arrangements of Egypt, because upon former
occasions greater works, if possible, had been under-
taken by him without any such interference. The
barrage of the Nile and the fortification of Alexan-
dria were two great works which had been begun and
completed without authority, or solicitation of autho-
rity, from the Porte. And with regard to the con-
struction of the proposed railway, which was now
the object of his Highness Abbas Pacha, to a question
put to Lord Palmerston on the sth of August last,
that Noble Lord, as Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs, answered in his place in the House of
Commons, " That the Dacha of Egypt intended
to construct, out of his own revenues, a railroad
from Alexandria to Cairo, and it was the opinion
of her Majesty's Government that such a rail-
road would be a very wise and expedient under-
taking ; and that it would contribute to the prospe-
rity of Egypt, and be advantage to all other countries
having commercial intercourse with that province.
The British Government had entered into n o engage-
ment or guarantee of any sort or kind in regard to the
construction of the railroad; but undoubtedly it was
their opinion, and that opinion had been expressed to
the parties, that the Pacha of Egypt was entitled to
make the railroad out of his own funds, according to
the terms of the firman granting to him the heredi-
tary investiture of the pachalic in 1841."—(Cheers.)
It would now be for the meeting to consider a pro-
posal to be made to her Majesty's Government im-
mediately to take up this great question ; and he
thought, when they reflected how many other and
more difficult questions the Noble Lord the present
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs had overcome
and settled, that the setilement of this question, too,
with his friend and ally, the Sultan, would be equally
easy.—(l-lear, and a laugh.) He (the chairman)
longed to see the day when the Sultan, imitating the
example of our gracious Queen, would visit his se-
veral provinces. Most delightful would it be to see
him, the Pacha of Egypt, and Lord Palmerston pre-
sent together at the inauguration of this great rail-
way.—(Cheers, and laughter.) It was universally ad-
mitted by all classes of persons that this was a most
important question, he believed that the present meet-
ing would be followed up by numerous others at the
outports and in the great manufacturing towns of
the empire, until the question was completely and
satisfactorily settled.—(Hear, bear.) He could not
conclude these remarks without expressing his ac-
knowledgments to that great and influential engine
the newspaper press, for the able and admirable ar-
ticles that had been published by the leading journals
upon this subject during the past week.—(Hear.)
But as these articles had, he presumed, been perused
by most:of the gentlemen then present, he would not
further refer to them than to express his brief ac-
knowledgment of the service which they were calcu-
lated to effect.
Mr. BRIGGS then rose and moved the first resolu-
tion :
speedy, E
commodious,gypt
has
becomeand essentialeconomical
to
the
m
throughgoodof
government
commercial of
intercourseou aden empire
tobetween
Europe and the East ; to th© industrial and social eatnrs the extension eftxt security
arteasnutesnii transit
im-
provementin-
terests
nor
theof Egypt,
legitimate nd i s
ambition opposed neitherof
any
to
nation the
onearth."
The Hon. Gentleman said that he had been connected
with Egypt for upwards of fifty years, and that he
had watched the progress of the arrangements for
the construction of the proposed railway with
great interest up to last year, when they
seemed to have approached maturity. The pre-
sent ruler of Egypt, Abbas Pacha, had already
macadamised a great part of the road be-
tween Cairo and Suez. He had also erected station-
houses in the desert, had greatly multiplied the means
of transit by the river Nile and by canal for passen-
gers, and was willing to undertake the construction,
at his own expense, of this magnificent railway be-
tween Alexandria and Suez—a work which would give
still greater facilities of communicatton, and not only
cement the interests of England with those of India
and Egypt, but in a political aspect be of the highest
value and importance to this country as well as to
Egypt.—(Hear, hear.) Abbas Pacha had had to en-
counter many difficulties since the death of Ibrahim
Pacha, and his own investiture with the supreme
power as governor of the country. The course pur-
sued towards him by the Government of the Sultan
was altogether opposed to the convention agreed to by
the European powers who were parties to the treaty.
of 1841. And now the whole weight of the opposi-
tion appeared to be directed against this railway. If,
therefore, measures were not adopted to prevent such
a result by those who were most interested in pre-
serving the line of communication with India via
Egypt, the Government of the Pacha would lose all
its authority—(Hear, hear)—and be no longer able
to restrain the Bedouin Arabs. Thus the overland
communication would be exposed to risk of interrup-
tion and the greatest possible danger.—(Hear, hear.)
Let those who felt an interest in the question, then,
make an energetical appeal to the Government of her
Majesty to see the due execution of the convention
or treaty of 1841. If we did not support Abbas
Pacha he might lose his authority and his considera-
tion with the natives, and in that event there could
be no answering for the consequences that might
ensue.—(Cheers.) If the commercial, the social, the
political, interests of England were looked to—if the
interests involved in shipping, in the conveyance of
passengers and mails to India, were taken into ac-
count, it was impossible to overrate the importance of
this line of communication.—(Hear, hear.) As re-
spected the question of non. interference, he (Mr.
Briggs) thought the case of France and Tunis pre-
sented an analogy which should not be overlooked in
the matter, though the Egyptian case was to England
of far greater importance than the Tunisian question
could possibly be to France. Yet it was found that
when the Sultan threatened to send a fleet to coerce
the Bey of Tunis, whose office had been hereditary
for 200 years, and whose territories were the best
governed on the coast of Barbary, the French imme-
diately ordered their fleet to Tunis, to protect the
Bey, thus menaced, in the interest of their possessions
in Algeria. If Abbas Pacha was not supported in
this matter, England would lose her consequence in
Egypt, and the French interest would become pre-
dominant, as it had been for years previously in that
country. The speaker concluded by moving the re-
solution.

Mr. BARTON seconded it.
Mr. LEWIN agreed with the resolution, but he could
not wholly coincide in some of the points which had
been pressed by the mover and by the chairman of
the meeting. It appeared to him that they had im-
properly confounded the commercial line of transit
and the line of personal and postal communication,
though nothing could be more distinct. If this con-
fusion were insisted on both motions would be con-
founded, whereas one might be maintained indepen-
dent of the other. If the postal and personal line
was to be maintained he was of opinion that the com-
mercial line should not be mixed up with it. To do
so would be likely to lead to a real quarrel, and so
stop the communication altogether. Asa shareholder
in the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company he
should deprecate such a result or any course that
could lead to it.
The CUAIRMAN said the two interests were sepa-
rated in the observations that had bee 4 made. The
immediate order of the Sultan was to suspend the con-
struction of the railroad, and in so doing the question
of interference in the internal affairs of Egypt on this
paint was raised, which if permitted might be carried
to any possible extent.
The resolution was then agreed to unanimously.
Mr. ANDEMON, M.P., moved the second resolu-
tion, which was to the effect :
" That the interference of the Ottoman :Porte in the
internal administration of Egypt, as recently manifested
by its assumption of the power to prevent the construc-
tion of the Egyptian Railway, and to divest the Pacha of
Egypt of the necessary authority to maintain order in
that country, is calculated to injure the important British
interests involved in the facility and safety of the transit
through Egypt of the mails.,,paasengers, arid goods to and
from the East. That it- -is, therefore, expedient to press
upon her Majest3 'a Government the necessity of a
prompt and active interposition to prevent the Porte from
proceeding further in the courso which she has in this
respect pursued; and with this view the memorial to the
Prime Minister now read be adopted, and put in course
of signature."

[The lion. Gentleman then read the memorial, which
was addressed to Lord 3. Russell, and which was to the
same purposo as the resolution.]
In asking the meeting to assent to this resolution and
adopt the memorial it was necessary to occupy their
attention for a few moments. On the importance of
the transit through Egypt there could be only one
opinion. A passage, however, in a recently-published
pamphlet, entitled "The Present Crisis in Egypt,"
placed it in a very startling light. 'The
writer, of whose name he was ignorant, said—
" We can think of no one event capable of
causing so great a sensation in the City, at the
India House, and throughout the kingdom generally,
as an announcement in one of the morning jour-
nals, with this or a similar heading in portentous
capitals—' STOPPAGE OP THE OVERLAND COMMUNI-
CATION WITH INDIA ;' and ,yet how little pains have
we taken, during the ten years these communica-
tions have been ie activity, to prevent such a disas-
trous occurrence ! Nay, more, we have looked pas-
sively on whilst means have been organised which at
any time may be brought to bear in that sense."
That meeting was called chiefly, if not entirely, for
a commercial object, and therefore it was not his (Mr.
Anderson's) intention to go further into the question
of politics than was absolutely necessary to elucidate
the propositions he had laid down. But as British in-
terests to it very large extent and great amount were
involved in the questions pending at this moment as
between the Pacha of Egypt and the Porte, it was
requisite that politics should be alluded to, at least to
some extent, to understand the real nature and bear-
ings of the subject. The two questions at issue be-
tween the Porte and the Pacha were the construction
of the Suez Railway and the introduction of what
was called in Turkey the Tanzimat. The Porte
contended that the Pacha had no right to construct
the railway through any part of Egypt, notwithstand-
ing the treaty of 1841, which guaranteed the internal
independence of the Pacha ; and because the Pacha
did not ask the permission of the Porte in the first
instance, the Porte threatened to annul the arrange-
ments that had been entered into by the Pacha for
the purpose. To understand the bearings of the
question the meeting must go back to the period of
the battle of Nezeb, when Mehemet Ali, through the
victory of his son Ibrahim Pacha, had the whole of
the East at his feet. Had not the European powers
interfered at that moment there was nothing to stop
Mehemet Ali from occupying Constantinople itself,
and either annihilating the dynasty of the Sultan, or
dictating a treaty by which the Pacha would have;
become sovereign paramount of Egypt. The European
powers interfered, and the consequence was that the
Pacha was obliged to retire upon Egypt; but ulti-
mately it was agreed that he should have vested in
himself and family the hereditary government of the
pachalic. To this agreement the condition was at-
tached that the Pacha should observe the treaties of the
Porte with other countries ; that he should not levy
any higher duties; and that he should have the dis-
posal of the revenues of Egypt, after paying 60,000
purses, equal to 300,0001. sterling, as a sort of com-
mutation ; and under this arrangement it was certainly
competent for the Pacha, out of the surplus revenues
of Egypt, to carry out such an underthking as the
projected railroad.—(Hear, hear.) But the Sublime
Porte said—" This is so important a work that we
want you not only to ask our permission, but to
send us your accounts, and to inform us of the
m
state of your revenue, lest you lay out so much
on this railway as to prevent your paying
the
tribute, or compel you to contract foreign loans. In
his (Mr. Anderson's) opinion the Porte had no right
whatever to assume such a position as that. In the
treaty which Lord Palmerston had concluded with
the Sultan the right of the Pacha to construct such a
work as this railway out of his own means was clearly
admitted. It was said, however, that the firman of
the Sultan which 'settled the hereditary government
of Egypt in the family of Mehemet Ali was very
vaguely expressed. Undoubtedly it was so, as was
the case with most Oriental documents. But if it
were vague on the one side it was equally vague on
the other; and where, in these circumstances, should
they look for ~the best translation of its provisions ?
Surely to that which had been done by the two parties
during the ten years in which it had been in force.
Now, during that period Mehemet Ali had laid out
considerable sums of money in constructing the bar-
rage of the Nile—an important work, estimated to
cost a million sterling--and the Porte did not inter-
fere with it—(Hear, hear.) He had fortified the city
of Alexandria, a work more important still, and one
that might have been turned against the Sultan him-
self; yet the Porte did not interfere with it!—(Hear.)
Further, in the year 1841, Mehemet Ali concluded
an agreement with the Peninsular and Oriental
Steam Packet Company, by which he gave that
company he right of navigating the internal
waters of the pachalic—namely, the river Nile, with
boats sailing under British colours.—(Cheers.) He
also authorised the company to establish conveyances
over any part of Egypt that they might think proper,
and swept away the old transit duty of 3 per cent. on
everything that passed through Egypt, and brought
the duty down to one-half per cent. only—but for
which measure the present means of transit could not
have been perpetuated as they had been.—(Hear.)
All this had been done without the interference of the
Sultan. Why, therefore, should the Porte interfere
now ? For his (Mr. Anderson's) part he thought it
had no right whatever to interfere.—(Cheers.) The
next disputed point was that of the tanzimat—a code
of laws that had been published by the Porte, and by
which all power of life and death, and of inflicting
other corporal punishments was concentrated in the
divan or council at Constantinople, and the governors
of provinces were 'deprived of the powers they had
he was ready to apply the tanzimat
exercised previously. The Pacha of Egypt said that
this regulation was not applicable to the condition of
wpthaicththexeipstreedsefnort
pliilicable, and did not deprive him of
were necessary for the good govern-
thought, a very
Egypt
yvolent minds the
ahthsisefappraocawhseairltiscw,wtahhsiocauhpg
eiumlta(atinli to force
o ul would appeari n
Anderson)E
to be a very dpmmmiuffie:tanmtcsitunueonglrtfettttwohhhfieiasntschg,thoenuthosznterxyp.laiTmhe
T necessity
e n
hu-
mane one. But let it be borne in remembrance that
in Egypt, a country with a population of about
3,000,000, the whole number of capital punishments
inflicted during the last five years was only three.—
(Loud cheers.) This fact alone sufficed to show that
there was no very great necessity for the Porte in-
sisting on depriving the Pacha of a power, the pos-
session of which armed him with a certain prestige in
governing a country like that.—(Hear.) It also
showed that there was some other motive than that
of mere humanity at the bottom of the opposition
raised to the construction of the Egyptian Railway.
—(Hear.) If this power were taken from the Pacha
it would be impossible for him to keep the country
in order; and we should soon have Egypt in the
same state in which it was formerly, when no person
could travel in safety, and the land swarmed with
robbers instead of being in its present hopeful condi-
tion, to give an idea of which he might state that
during the last twelve months 2,500,000/. worth of
British property was conveyed through that country
without the loss of a single sixpence.
The CHAIRMAN—Yes, and without escort.
Mr. ANDERSON did not think they could say as
much as that even for England.—(llear, hear.) He
would sooner insure the transit from Alexandria to
Suez, than from London to Southampton by railway.

But all this security would be at an end were the
Porte to persist in depriving the Pacha of the power
alluded to. He (Mr. Anderson) had had experience
both in Turkey and Egypt, and he could assert this as
a fact, which he might produce instances within his
own personal knowledge and observation to establish,
that in the endeavour to attain any practical object at
Constantinople they would meet with nothing but in-
trigue, chicanery, and extortion; whereas, if they
came with a practical object to Egypt they would
find a prompt and reasonable consideration bestowed
upon it, and if adopted, the adoption of it lei accom-
panied by a regard for all interests concerned. They
had heard what Lord Palmerston had stated in the
House of Commons a few months since, but it was
clear that the policy indicated by the Noble Lord had
not been followed out with the vigour which was ex-
pected, and that the Pacha of Egypt was now left
without the support which he ought reasonably to
have received from this country.—(Hear.) The
Pacha had brought all his present difficulties upon
him by the efforts he had made to facilitate the
transit through Egypt, and by identifying himself so
closely with British interests. He had reduced his
fleet and army, and diverted the hands which those
services formerly employed to agriculture, consider-
ing that the support of Great Britain was far more
valuable to him than either armies or fleets, and that
he adopted the wisest policy when he determined to
throw himself upon that support. In breaking up his
military establishments, however, he was obliged to
discharge a host of French employes, and this circum-
stance had had, no doubt, great influence in the in-
trigues against him at the Porte. It was also not
very difficult to imagine that it would be much more
agreeable to the Divan at Constantinople to have Mr.
Stephenson applying to them, instead of the Pacha,
for firmans, and making contracts with them, instead
of the Pacha, for the construction of a railway
through Egypt.—(Hear, hear.) Let the object of
our Foreign.cffice in withholding its support from
the Pacha be what it might, the merchants and com-
mercial men who were interested would plainly express
their opinion on the subject, and not hesitate to insist
that the Egyptian ruler, who had done so much for
them, should be left to be crushed by a superior
power ; and that alike in interest and in honour
they were bound to take means for expressing their
opinions and giving him all the moral support they
could command.— (Loud cheers.) Whatever jea-
lousies other countries might entertain on the ques-
tion, he trusted that Great Britain was not yet fallen
quite so low that she could not take her own part in
a question where her interests were so extensively
involved.—(Renewed cheering.)
Mr. LARKING seconded the resolution, and said
that the " tanzimat" which the Porte was so desirous
of enforcing in Egypt, was the Turkish name for a
code of laws which was introduced about ten or
twelve years ago, with a view to give greater security
to life and property in the Turkish provinces. These
laws in themselves were good, and if properly exe-
cuted, would tend greatly to the improvement of the
condition of the people, but there was much fault in
their administration. Now, by a clause in the firman
already referred to, it was provided that the laws and
regulations of Turkey should have equal force iu
Egypt, but modified to meet the local and peculiar
circumstances and position of the Egyptians. Lately,
however, the Porte had put forth a pretension to
the effect that those laws should have force in
Egypt, without regard to such modification. It had
also claimed a right to interfere in the administration
of the laws in Egypt. Thus there was a direct viola-
tion of the condition of the firman, and on that ground
the tanzimat was resisted by the Pacha. In fact, if
the right set up by the Porte were admitted, the
power of the Pacha would be totally and entirely an-
nihilated; and that was certainly not the intention of
those who framed and guaranteed the firman. In
giving to the Pacha the government of the country,
they did not intend to deprive him of the power of
governing ; though that would be the inevitable con-
sequence if the Porte were allowed to persist in its
pretensions.—(Hear, hear.) But whilst discussing
the material interests involved in this question, let
them bear in mind other considerations of a still
higher nature—considerations for the philanthropist,
the moralist, and the Christian. Civilisation had of

late years made great progress in Egypt , but it
was not yet sufficiently developed there to stand
by itself; it must be upheld by a strong arm.—
(Hear, hear.) It was the genius of Mehemet Ali
which first gave it an impulse, which first taught the
nomadea of the desert that the law protected as well as
punished, and that no distinction was to be made
between the disciples of Christ and the followers of
Mahomed.—(Hear.) As a proof of this, let them
look at the Protestant Church of St. Mark's, erected
on one of the finest sites in Alexandria, on a plot of
ground given for that purpose by Mehemet Ali, and
which stands as a lasting monument to the spirit of
religious tolerance displayed by that great and en-
lightened man.—(Cheers.) These reforms were of
recent date, and Egypt was indebted to them for her
tranquillity, whilst to that tranquillity England was
indebted for the safety of her passengers, her mails,
and her specie.—(Loud cheers.) Enjoying therefore
the full advantage of this security, surely it would be
most unjust in this country to withhold her due share
towards its maintenance. Let that share be the co-
operation of England in support of those rights
which were guaranteed to the Pacha by the firman
of 1841. It was all he required, and all that was ne-
cessary to secure the accomplishment of the most de •
sirable object—the construction of a line of railway
through the pachalic of Egypt.—(Loud cheers.)
The resolution was put from the chair, and carried
unanimously.
Mr. FOSTER, Member of Council at Port Philip,
moved the third resolution, as follows :
" That a committee, to consist of the following gentle-
men, with power to add to their number, via.:—Mr.
Samuel Gregson, Mr. Arthur Anderson, M.P.; Mr.
Samuel Briggs, Mr. H. Lindsay, Mr. T. Larking, Mr.
Alexander Mattheson, M.P.; Mr. Raikes Currie, M.P.;
Mr. J. M Gregor, M.P.; Mr. J. F. Foster, and Mr. G.
G. Barton, be appointd, and be requested to act, to
procure signatures to the memorial and to present it
when signed; to communicate personally, or otherwise,
with her Majesty's Government relative to ;the subject
of it; to invite and promote the co-operation of parties
in other parts of the kingdom in the object of it, and
that they be requested to convene another public meet-
ing, in order to lay beforo it a report of their pro-
ceedings."
In moving this resolution he would not enter on the
political considerations which had been so ably
handled by the gentlemen who had already spoken.
He fully concurred in what had fallen from the
chairman as to the importance of the interests at
stake, the importance of maintaining rapid and con-
tinuous communication with India. But the interests
of the Australian colonies, with which he had been
connected for years, were also at stake.—(Hear,
hear.) Those interests had attained an importance
which had been anticipated by few, but which was
likely to be increased. Later accounts of what had
recently been occurring in Australia had been received
in England by this very route; and when steam com-
munication existed through there would be most
rapid means of transit. He had very little doubt
that Australia was as much interested in the present
question as Hindostan.
Mr. -AVGREGOR, M.P., rose to move the fourth
resolution, which was as follows :

" That this meeting desire to convey to his Highness
Abbas Pacha, Viceroy of Egypt, the assurance of their
sympathy and of their support by every legitimate means
in the present position of his affairs; a sympathy and a
support which they consider he has fully earned by the
liberal, active, and judicious manner in which he has
devoted, and proposes to devote, his resources to the im-
provement and security of the transit of the mails, tra-
vellers, and property, to and from the East. That a
copy of this resolution be transmitted or presented to his
Highness in such manner as the committee before named
may think proper."
He said he had had the honour of being entrusted
with a resolution which related to the present ruler of
Egypt, and he trusted that he would be allowed to
take advantage of the opportunity for making a few
observations. He thought the meeting of the greatest
importance. He trusted that its expression of opinion
would be responded to by all commercial communities
in the kingdom. He might be considered as having
something like a personal interest in the question,
inasmuch as he represented a great community deeply
and seriously connected with the commerce of the
Indian and Australian portions of the British empire.
(Hear, hear.) He had always thought, and he be-
lieved that no one could deny the fact, that the history
of commerce was the history of civilization, and that
any obstruction to the transit of the commerce of
the world was au obstruction to its Civilization--
(Hear, hear)—and the remark could be
borne out that those who were opposed
to the construction and completion of this rail-
way in Egypt were perhaps unconsciously opposed to
the progress of civilization. Coming to the question
immediately before the meeting, namely, the inter-
ference of the Sublime Porte with the construction of
this railway, and referring to the intentions of the
Porte to introduce its own code of laws or institutes
into Egypt, he (Mr. M'Gregor) could say, that
having been at the Board of Trade for many years,
and when this treaty was negotiated—(Hear, hear)—
having had the whole commercial interests of the
British empire perpetually under his view, and having
had cognizance especially of all treaties which might
interfere with the usual channels of British trade and

navigation, it was his opinion, it was the opinion of
I the Government which succeeded the Government
that ratified the treaty to which reference had been
made, that the Porte had no right whatever to inter-
fere with the internal affairs of Egypt—(Hear, hear)
—that the treaty of 1841 merely demanded as a quid
pro quo that the hereditary rulers of Egypt should
pay out of their revenue a certain sum to
the Porte, thereby acknowledging their vas-
salage, but not for one moment admitting the right
of the Porte to interfere with the internal affairs of
the Vice-royalty of Egypt.—(Hear, hear.) That was
his decided opinion, and he was much mistaken if it
was not the opinion of Lord Paltnerston, not only
now, but also at the time when he ratified the treaty.
—(Hear, hear.) Nearly 12 years had elapsed, and,
as his friend the Member for Orkney had stated, that
which had been done in practice became right by
usage, and showed what the intent of the treaty was.
—(Hear, hear.) Nay, more, be believed that this
movement did not emanate from the Porte.—(Cheers.)
He believed it emanated from a source not friendly
to British commerce and navigation.—(A Voice.—
" The Greek and Catholic Church has done it."]—
(Laughter.) This was a question of the greatest import-
ance to the merchants, the manufacturers, the ship-
owners, and indeed all classes of the British commu-
nity, and he hoped they would not cease till they had
impressed upon the Government and sent forth to the
whole world their determination to allow. no other

power to interfere with the regular channels of their
commerce, or with those arrangements they had made
with other states. He believed they had only to express
this opinion strongly to be heard not only in the
Cabinet, but in the British Parliament, and that they
would at the same time command the respect of all
foreign nations, and teach them that their intrigues
would not prevent the people of this country from
following up their just rights.—(Hear.) He would
ask no exclusive privileges whatever for England.
Whatever privilege of transit and intercourse might
he obtained through Egypt, he asked not for England
exclusively—he wished the whole commercial in-
terests of the globe to be bound up in one community
of friendship.—(Hear.) He could not help saying a
word or two on the manner in which British shippers
and British travellers had been treated by the rulers
of Egypt. At a period when we were acting offen-
sively against Mehemet Ali we had an intercourse
through Egypt of the utmost importance—(Hear)—
and if Mehemet Ali had not observed the Christian
principle of doing to others as we would wish others
to do to us, the English transit through his dominions
would have been destroyed, as it would have been a
matter easy of accomplishment to expose it to the at-
tacks of robbers and desperadoes.—(Hear, hear.) He
had acted in a spirit of kindness towards the interests
of this conutry, and his successors had shown them-
selves equally worthy of our gratitude and admira-
tion.—(llear, hear.)
General BRIGGS seconded the resolution. At a
period when England was acting in a hostile manner
towards the late Mehemet Ali, at Acre, that great
Sovereign evinced the generosity of his soul, and the
nobleness of his character, by not for a single moment
interrupting the communication through Egypt to
the East. Nay, more, he actually did all in his
power to promote its success, and that too at a moment
when the interests of England and India were actually
involved in the rapidity of that communication.—
(Hear.) The subject of a railroad in Egypt was not
a novelty. In 1836 he (General Briggs) saw in
Liverpool the surveys and sections of a line from
Alexandria to Cairo, which was to be continued to
Suez. On that occasion no objection was made by
the Porte to the proposal for its construction, and the
proposal was only not carried out because of other
reasons. The Pacha's independence was not, it would
be remembered, even guaranteed at that period.
Subsequent, however, to 1841, when that indepen-
dence was fully recognised by treaty with the four
powers, the Pacha had constructed a most formidable
series of fortifications at Alexandria, which would
take 40,000 men to defend, and the Porte had raised
no objection to the proceeding.—(Hear, hear.) It
could not, therefore, be tolerated now that the ruler of
Egypt should be stopped short in the career of legiti-
mate and peaceful improvement which he had set on
foot for the promotion of the best interests of his
country; and the commercial interest of England,
which was so much indebted to him in this respect,
ought not to stand by quietly and see such a man
crushed.—(Hear.) The tendency of the Egyptian
Government was clearly to progress. Ibrahim Pacha
bad himself personally examined the improvements in
England, and had returned to his own country more
firmly resolved than ever to cement those friendly re-
lations which existed between England and Egypt.
In this policy he was succeeded by the present ruler,
Abbas Pacha—who fully entered into his views, and
set about carrying them into execution. Ile it was
who had established no fewer than 16 steamers on the
Nile—who Macadamised the road from Cairo to Suez
—who had organised a service of 100 vans and 700
horses to cross the desert—and who had opened com-
modious hotels and resting-places on the various points
of that route. It had been objected that the railway
was to be constructed out of the revenues of Egypt.
But that was not the fact; it was to be constructed
out of the balance of the public funds which re-
mained after the Pacha had paid tribute to the Porte,
and was therefore to be constructed out of what in
despotic countries like Egypt might be considered as
part of the Pacha's own private revenue. After all
that had been done by Abbas Pacha and his predeces-
sors, in the face of the disposition they had always
shown to stand well with England, he (General
Briggs) concurred with a preceding speaker that
this country would be disgraced for ever if it suffered
that poor man to be crushed by the Porte.
The resolution was agreed to nem. con.
A vote of thanks was then proposed to the Chair-
man by Mr. Aglionby, M.P., and carried by accla-
mation.
The meeting then separated.