The Sun.
London, England, 1856-11-07 00:00:00

conduct of the War and the terms on which
Peace was concluded, and on which alone it can
be maintained—the domestic princlples of govern-
ment on which, his Administration is founded ;
and, finally, the advantages of a noble institution
for promoting the social elevation of its members,
and qualifying them to become better citizens,
while promoting their own happiness by devoting
the so-called " hours of idleness" to their intel-
lectual and moral advancement.

filled his instructions. The Lieut.-Colonel was,

it appears, in an official capacity at the camp of
OmEr. PACHA at the very moment when the latter
wrote, saying that if the garrison stood firm only
twenty days he would relieve them ; but not a
single word of encouragement or advice was for-
warded from the Lieut.-Colonel of Engineers to his
brother Commissioner. Notwithstanding the
promise of OMER PACHA, nothing was done
to redeem his voluntary pledge. The
faithful and devoted band stood out
to the last, until exhausted by fatigue
and reduced by famine they were rendered in=
capable of effecting their escape. And for this
betrayal of his trust, General WiLLums declares,
that "as long as a soldier of that garrison sur-
vives, the names of those two men (OmER PACHA
and SELI3t PACHA) will be execrated."

Within the space necessarily devoted to an
article in a public journal, it is impossible to
attempt to give anything approaching to an out-
line of the Premier's views on these varied topics,
or to comment thereon fairly and impartially. We
can only glance at the most important of all, that
on which the public attention is rivetted for the
time being—viz., the foreign policy, past, pre-
sent, and future of the PAL3IERStON Adminis-
tration.

This is certainly lifting the gage flung down by
Lieut.-Colonel SIMMONS. The matter cannot ter-
minate where it is, and in the controversy that
ensues the public may hope to gain some new light
as to the causes that led to that deplorable calamity
which Russia affected to regard as an adequate
set-off against the fall of Sebastopol and the other
reverses sustained by her armies during the pro-
gress of the war. If Lieutenant-Colonel SIMMONS
persevere, we are convinced that General WIL-,
MIMS will be ready and willing to answer him,
when and so often as occasion may require.

On that all-important subject he has spoken
like the Lord PALMERSTON of former days, the
truly English Minister, untainted by Germanism,
and determined to maintain the honour and dig-
nity of Great Britain intact through every diffi-
culty. He has boldly declared, even while
expressing a fervent hope that the Peace might
be lasting, that " its duration must depend upon
the honour and fidelity with which its conditions
are fulfilled ;" emphatically adding—" I trust
that that Power which brought upon itself the
hostility, either active or moral, of all Europe,
by a forgetfulness of international rights and
duties—l trust that that Power having con-
cluded a Treaty, will observe that Treaty, and fulfil
it with faithfulness, and then, no doubt, peace
will be of long duration."
This is a significant and well-timed hint that,
under his administration, England will not suffer
herself to be either bullied or cajoled ; and that
the AUTOCRAT, if he wishes to avoid another war,
must carefully eschew the flimsy and pettifogging
pretexts by which his Ministers endeavour to
evade the performance of obligations solemnly
and deliberately contracted ; that the spirit of
the Treaty, as well as the mere letter, must be
strictly and honourably observed ! If the policy
of his Government be strictly in accordance with
the opinions thus nobly enunciated, Lord PAL-
MERSTON will merit and obtain the confidence of
the nation, and the people will earnestly desire
for him a long continuance in place and power.
He rendered ample justice to the enthusiasm
of the entire community with respect to the just
and necessary war into which we were forced, and
to the well-tried bravery of our gallant seamen and
soldiers, when he explained how greatly they alle-
viated the "apparent " difficulties of the task on
which he entered. He well knew that no impedi-
ments would keep back, no dangers intimidate,
thcae who had firmly resolved to defend the cause
of truth and justice, even to the last man and the
last shilling ; that every reasonable application
would be cheerfully responded to—all that was
required being to satisfy the people that their
sacrifices should not be made in vain, but that
ample securities should be obtained from the un-
conscientious aggressor against any continuance in
the reckless course to which he had been prompted
by overweening ambition and insatiable cupidity.
With such unflinching resolution on the part of
the nation he might well feel sanguine that every
difficulty would eventually be satisfactorily sur-
mounted.

inquiry of the authors of the second report has,
of course, extended to the extent of the

purities discharged into the Thames. All they
have been enabled to gather on this head tends to
show it is immense. It is sot merely the quan-
tity from the metropolis, but from the crowded
populations scattered from the river's source
downward. To a removal of this evil, and also to
the necessity for a constant supply of water to
householders, in order to prevent contamination of ,
the water, attention is very properly directed.
In the latter case the contamination of the water,
by remaining in leaden cisterns, is certainly ob-
vious to the senses, for those who know the taste
of pure water will readily detect it. These, un-
fortunately, however, are but few in number----we
mean in London. The utility of a constant supply
of water to provide against fires will at once he
admitted. In brief, the results arrived at by the
authors of the second report are—satisfaction with
what has been done by the companies in couipli-
atm° with the Act, and a recognition of the in-
creasing pollution of the Thames, accompanied by
a recommendation that early attention be directed
.-to the towns draining into the Thames and its
tributaries, and into the Lea and Ravensbourne,
above the present source of supply, so that mea-
sures may be adopted with regard to the drainage
of these places, which will permanently preserve the
supply of water to the metropolis in its utmost
practicable state of purity. We leave off -frith a
:
profounder sense than ever of the inP unabent duty
ge to better
sanitary kno, n e
-been done.
oa
fc
c opuunt tt tnhga no has

Lord PALMERSTON fully vindicated himself from
the accusations that had on previous occasions
been so unsparingly hurled against him as being
" the firebrand of Europe," ready to engage his
country in hostilities on the slightest provocation,
or at least to proceed to the verge of war on in-
sufficient grounds. He truly explained that " a
country like this, with great interests at stake,
and a great reputation to maintain, with our
fellow•subjects scattered over the whole face of
the glob, with our property floating upon every
ocean, with commercial transactions extending to
the remotest corners of the earth, acted wisely to
guard against the approach of insult and the very
appearance of wrong, and that it is easier to stop
the beginning of such affairs than to find a re-
medy when the evil has risen to a great magnitude,
and when great efforts may be required to check it !"
This is, indeed, the great corollary to the whole-
some maxim—yi vis pacem para bellum—you pre-
serve peace by being at all times prepared for
war---you prevent wrong or insult by exhibiting
at all times an unbending resolution to repel it,
and to obtain ample redress for any that may be
inflicted.

Between the fate of TANTALUS and that of the
householder, shut out from access to a supply of
[pod water, the disparity may seem considerable.
It is not so great, however, in reality, as to ren-
der comparison idle, or to divest the question of
what sort of water we are supplied with of vital
importance. In point of fact, the quality of the
water we drink is deserving of about equal consi-
deration with the quality of the food we eat, and
the air we inhale. Unfortunately, this proposi-
tion is not so generally admitted as it ought to
; nevertheless, it meek with sufficient accept-
ance to lender a cursory notice of the Blue Book
lying before us likely to be at once interesting
and useful.

The work to which we refer embraces two re-
ports to the General Board of Health. The first
relates to the chemical quality of the supply of
water to the metropolis, and is the production of
A. W. HOFFMAN, F.R.S., &c., and LINDSEY
BLYTH, Esq. The second relates to the works of
the Metropolitan Water Companies, and is the
production of the superintending inspectors of the
Board. The metropolitan reader will be aware
obedience to certain requirements was made im-
perative on the various water companies by the
Metropolis Water Act of 1852, and at the outset
it is satisfactory to find a laudable promptitude
has been shown by the respective companies to
fulfil them, the proof of which is they have not
waited for the expiration of the period allowed by
the Act for the various improvements, but have
anticipated it. The chemical analyses have been
confined to the determination of the hardness of
the waters before and after boiling, and the amount
of solid and of organic matter contained in them.
To say the result is satisfactory would be incor-
rect ; there is, however, real cause for congratu-
lation, On the whole we find an improvement
on the result of the analysis made in 1851. The
hardness of the waters in 1856, for instance, is,
with one exception, somewhat less than in 1851,
though not much, save in the case of two or three
companies—to wit the Kent, East London, and
Hampstead. A very considerable diminution,
however, is observed in the amount of organic mat-
ter. This is more especially the case with the
waters of the Great Junction, the West Middlesex,
the New River, and the East London Companies
(the diminution in the latter previously most
charged with organic matter being of about three-
fourths). This is certainly agreeable informa-
tion, the salubrity of water depending, it
is believed, more on the absence of organic
matter than. on any other condition, and the
more agreeable because the result is shown
not to be accidental, but to be traced to special
causes, and mainly to the improvement which has
taken place in the collection (including change of
locality), filtration, and general management of the
supply of water to the metropolis. The improve-
ment may therefore be regarded as of a permane:at
nature, and is calculated to aspire us with the
belief that further purification may reP,,,sonabiy be
looked for.

In connection with this subject we have
some curious informatio:ds calculated to cloud
any vivid expectations and which leads us
again to express relberet that of the ten existing
water companiesi five, to wit the Chelsea, the
Grand Juncti4ri, the Southwark and Vauxhall,
the Llmhcath and the West Middlesex, derive
their ale
table sy of waterfrom the Thames. From a
presented in the second report, as extracted
frrAn the Report of the Committee for Scientific
Inquiries, in relation to the Cholera Epidemic of
185* it is shown that while the organic matter
in both the Chelsea and Battersea water is, as
might be expected, considerably in excess
of the Lambeth Company's supply, from
Thames Ditto; the Battersea water has
it not so much in excess of the Thames
Ditton supply as the Chelsea has it in excess of
the Battersea—while the water from Kew (the
Grand Junction) within the tidal influence, and
receiving t he drainage of a very large population
front immediately above, approaches much more
nearly to the quality of the Thames Ditton
supply. Add to this the facts that the South-
wark and Vauxhall water, which was condemned
as the worst supply, and the Thames Ditton
water, the new source of supply, at that time
certainly the best, were the only two waters
then furnished to the metropolis in which any
trace of ammonia was found ; and the inference,
it is justly remarked, will naturally be drawn
that chemical analysis does not at present convey
en exact underst-inding of the danger to health
which a particular water 2nay occasion. " In-
deed," it is added, "we understand it to be an
admitted fact that it is a most difficult thing
discover by any chemical process hitherto adopted
the precise amount of the poisonous ingredients
which may produco such injury to she system,
while on the other hand it, is iw.possible to say
how small a quantity of :;nel matter might not,
under certain cLecuirhs',alices, be injurious.
in
N ither can such tents be usually detected
e;.%-rea*
by the senses. It 215 true we found the filtered
waters of the Comp ar.iea in every case bright to
the eye and pleas-' e, to the taste, but neither eye
ico7er 'even a dangerous amount
onforiup;liartietywii d;
all
ai
water when that water is in a
fresh and cool s' Ate.), We call the attention of
Londoners tow It follows. " The waters from
the shallow 'a 'el is of London, perfectly bright
as they are, frequently present, under exit•
mination, eride nce of impurities derived from
the innumerabl e cesspools and sewers with which
the metropolis is riddled and traversed, but these
impurities mal r not be detected by the senses.The water al p ays comes cold and sparkling from
the pump, aal 1, in ignorance of such dangerous
impregnatie
, it has been almost universally pre-
ferred for c; sin king." So much, or rather so little,
for analy.
d the evidence of the sense& The
- -

We heartily congratulate Lord PALMERSTON
and the people on the sound and far-seeing policy
thus boldly enunciated ! Let him carry out these
views, and he will obtain the respect of his
S•vuREIGN, the gratitude of his fellow-citizens, and
the unalloyed approbation of his own conscience
for the faithful discharge of the arduous duties
confided to his charge, not less by the favour of
the QUERN than the good-will of the People.

"Oh that mine enemy would write a brio),
It would have been well for Lieut.-Col. 5dr,,01,,,
and the reputation of the General w;Pich he so
hastily and recklessly rushed forwp.rd to support.,
if he had abstained from a,ttae:aing, on slender
grounds, the Hero of Kars% and compelling him
to vindicate the accuracy of his assertions.
The statement put forward in the letter given to
the world was 'merely hypothetical. General WIL-
LIAMS, while smarting under the unmerited neglect
—or something worse—with which he was treated,
expressed a hope that the Turkish General " would
P..ct like a brave and resolute man ;" adding, "if
he does not, I will mark hiin with my ink, in
spite of his great reputation.' Lieut.-Colonel
SIMMONS has called on General WILLIAMS to
redeem the pledge, and he has done so with a
vengeance, and in a manner that will render the
task of justifying the leader who, with such materials
at his disposal, permitted Kars to fall without any
energetic or determined effort for its protection,
one of no ordinary difficulty.

There are few who are not aware of the gallant
—we might almost say desperate—defence offered
by the English Commissioner, and which, had he
been at all supported, would have averted one of
the darkest blots respecting the conduct of the war
frcm the character of the Allies. It was, however,
believed in many quarters that the evil was occa-
sioned by the ex.tr d•
a.
mnifasted in the earliearp
aor in
part
taothf ythaendsuimnimitrere,reanndce
that the mischief was inevitable at the time that
within four da'
OHER PACHA had brouBht his troops to Ba,toum,
ys journey of
Kars, and but six
tor the march of troops. General WILLIAMS
shows that he does not participate in this opinion,
and that
h© considers OMER PACHA. to
as deep in the mire as any of the beat
than
parties implicated
—that he was but little, if anything, better
SELI3I PACHA himself. The gallant General
tells a plain unvarnished tale in ' support
of this impression, and one that will require a
clear and distinct answer from Lieut.-Colonel
SIMMONS, should he still persist in his ~elf-imposed
task. Indeed he has now to defend not only
03IER PAcRA, but also himself, from a grave par.

ti4ation in the ge,neral apathy as to the fate of
R'iLzrAtts and the brave men who 60 nobly ful-

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7, 1856

MUSIC.

Fair Annie. Ballad. Written by floury P.
NoTra. Composed by Frank B. Tussaud. F.
Moutrie.

Another song from the same hand to which we
were indebted only the other day for the charming
ballad of " The Little Gipsy Girl "—a ballad re-
cently and, let us add, favourably noticed by our•
selves. " Fair Annie " we confidently commend
as an advance upon its predecessor—both in regard
to its sweet and tender melody, and in refereuee
to its eminently graceful accompaniment. There
is one thing, however, in the song before us, it is
absolutely impossible not to wish better—we mean
the "words"—" poetry" it would be simply ridi-
eul ms to call Mr. Novra's ballad. As to the ori-
ginality of the thing—don't we very well remem-
ber poor Haynes Bayly's once popular ditty, " She
wore a Wreath of Roses," one verse of which runs
thus—

" Her footsteps bad the lightness,
Her voice the joyous tone—
The tokens of a youthful heart,
Where sorrow is unknown."
Repeated here—with such a rhyme !
" Her footstep has the lightness
Of the young and graceful fawn,
And though of lowly station,
She a palace would—adorn !"
A cockney twang impossible not to wince under !
Apart from which, However, apart from the words
by Mr. Novra—" Fair Annie" possesses, as a simple
ballad, a charm few will fail to recognise. A charm
creditable to the ear, taste, and fancy of the youth-
ful composer,
Frank Tussaud—the grandson,
it appears, the son, of the late Madame Tus-
saud, of
the Wax-work Walhalla celebrity !

VISIT OF LORD PALMERSTON TO LIVERPOOL

LIVERPOOL, Nov. 6.
In answer to a letter from the Mayor of Liverpool (Mr.
J. Stewart) expressing a wish that Lord Palmerston, before
leaving this district would pay a visit to this town and port,
Sir Thomas Birch has replied that his lordship will be in
Liverpool by half-past 12 o'clock to•morrow (Friday). The
Premier will be met at the railway station by the Mayor and
some of the prominent members of the corporation. After
being introduced on 'Change he will be taken to the Town-
hall, where he will probably receive a deputation from sonic
of the principal associations, which met to-day at the Cham-
ber of Commerce and agreed to a resolution, to the effect that
they should congratulate his lordship on his first visit to this
great seaport, at the same time regretting that his brief stay
and the short notice they had received of his visit had pre-
cluded them from offering a more formal congratulation. The
noble lord will then, it is believed, after lunching at the
Town-hall, ride through some of the principal thoroughfares,
inspect St. George's-hall and other places of interest, and
perhaps take a sail on the river, returning in the afternoon
to the residence of Sir Benjamin Heywood, at Manchester.

FATAL EFFECTS OF TESTING STRENGTH.—On Satur-
day a fatal occurrence took place iu Liverpool, at the
Lime-street station of the Lon lon and North-Western
Railway Company. It appears that several of the por-
ters were amusing themselves with feats of strength, in
lifting bundles of steel bars, when one of them, named
James Butler, while in the act of rising, with one of the
bundles on his sh.eilder, which he had stool ed to if ,
slipped his foot and fell. The bundle of steel bar, struck
mei el, the neck, close to the base of the skull, crushing
him so severely as to cause a great flow of blood from
his month and nose, and from both bis ears. He died in
less than twenty minutes from the time of receiving the
injury. The deceased, who was about fatty years of
age, was married, and had one child.
THE LAND FOR THE LADIES.—In the King of Swe-
den's speech on the recent opening of the Swedish Diet,
the following remarkable passage occurs :—" A just ep
preciation of the rights of woman being a sure guaran-
tee of her fidelity in the fulfilment of her duties and of
her mission in the family, it is my intention to propose
to you that unmarried women shall be considered of
age at 25, which is recognised in nearly all the States of
Europe." Sweden is clearly the land for the ladies.
There, it appears, that up to what is here considered the
tolerably ripe age of 25, a girl is supposed to be in her
minority, or nonage ; in short, as we say, of no age at
all. At 30, we apprehend, she is still looked upon as
quite " a young thing;" and, at about 50, as being "in
the prime of life." " Fat, fair, and sixty," is probab!y
the formula which, in Sweden, is expressive of female
maturity ; at 70 a damsel begins to be a little passes,
and at 80 is c3nsiderel to have attained to " a certain
age."—Punch.

THE VINTAGE IN THE VENETIAN KINGDOM.—The
Courrier Franco Italica& says :—" The vintage in the
Lombardo Venetian kingdom, as well as throughout the
whole of Northern Italy, has begun this year to com-
pensate the vine growers for the losses which they had
suffered from 1852 to 1855. The grapes are this year
abundant, their state of maturity perfect, and the fruit
heavier than usual. The agricultural superficies of the
Lombardo Venetian kingdom is 3,967,376 hectares. In
Lombardy one-third, and in Venetia one-half is covered
with vineyards. The average production of each year
previously to 1852, when the oidium first made its ap-
pearance, was in the Lombardo Venetiat kingdom
4,000,000 hectolitres, representing a value of 100 millions
of francs. Venetia every year exhorted 200,000 hecto-
litres into Lombardy ; and after consuming a great
quantity, also export-'d a considerable amount to foreign
countries. In Veneda, wino constitutes one-third of the
agricultural production of the country. Verona, Padua,
Vicenza, and -Celina produced 1,800,000 hectolitres of
wine. In 1847 the vineyards of Venetia ptodus:d
2,413,500 hectolitres, but AR 1854 only 342,500. The
produce of 1856, it high prices continue, will therefore
make up for some part of the losses of the proprietors,
and two other good years will entirely remunerate them."
ROBBERY BY A BANDITTI.—The Pi 61882 d'OriCnt of
Constantinople gives an account of a horrible crime,
similar to those of the chauffeurs which caused such ter-
ror in France in 1793 :—" Four bandits wearing masks
entered on the 17th ult. the house of M. Nonna, of the
village of St. George's, near Sulina, and seizing his wife,
who was alone in the house at the time, summoned her
to say where her-husband, who was supposed to be rich,
kept his money concealed. The poor woman solemnly
declared that he had no money secreted, but they, not
believing her, bound her head atd foot, and committed
great atrocities on her, amongst othings cutting and
!ricking her back and the fleshy parts of her person, and
applying a lighted candle to her bosom. Whilst they
were thus treating the woman, M. Norma came in,.and
he was served iu the same atrocious manner. At
length, finding that their victims could not reveal the
existence of any treasure, the fact being that they were
by no means so wenthy as had been imagined, the ban-
dits went away, taking a small sum of money which
happened to be lying in a drawer. The neighbours hav-
ing come in found the man and his wife in a deplorable
plight, hut medical assistance having been promptly pro-
cured it was hoped they would recover. Two men sus-
pected of having formed part of the band were subse-
quently arrested ; one of them is a man of some property
in the neighbourhood of Sulina."
MURDER IN FRANCE.--A young workman, living On
the Bou'ovard de la Butte Chaumont, in a quarrel with
his father two days back, stabbed him with a knife, and
afterwards gave himself? int) custody. The wounded
man, named Maillard, was conveyed to the hospital, but
the knife, it appeared, had touched a vital part, and he
died very shortly after his arrival. The deceased was a
maker of list slippers, and for some time conducted him-
self so badly as to occasion violent quarrels between his
family and himself. On the day in question he, without
any sufficient reason, beat his younger son, a boy of 14,
with great violence ; the elder son, a young man of 19,
tools his brother's part, and this so exasperated the father
that he turned him (the elder) out of doors, at the same
time forbidding him ever to return, After wandering
about the streets for some hours, the young man, thinking
that his father would have become calm, returned home,
but the man on seeing him peremptorily ordered him to
leave the house, and as he did not obey, seized him by
the shouldstrs to push him out. This led to the conflict
in which the fatal stab was given. The young man, who
manifests the most profound sorrow at what has hap-
pened, has been sent to the Prefecture-to await his trial.
THIS DOUBLE MURDER AT ALDERNEY.—The Guernsey
Star contains the following additional particulars of this
barbarous tragedy :--"At a late hour ou the night of
Saturday last two Frenchmen, named Jean Langlois, a
publican, 60, and Louis Thiesse, a labourer, were bar•
baroutly murdered by two It ish workmen, named Tifno-
thy Kelly and Nugent Loughnan, aged respectively 17
and 21. According to the accounts which have reached
us, Langlois, who resided at New Town Braye, was in
his house at about 11 o'clock, atsd ti,at Thiene and an-
other Frenchman were siith him, together with hislarmiy.
The two Irishmen, on arriving, knocked at the door
and demanded admittance, for the purpose of obtaining
drink, but there being a sick child in the house the in-
mates were unwilling to let them in at that late hour,
and Langlois and Thiesse went out to speak to them,
and persuade them to go away, but the two Frenchmen
had no sooner issued from the door than they were at-
tacked by the Irishmen, one of them stabbed Thiesse in
the heart, causing immediate death, and then stabbed
Langlois in the groin or lower part of the abdomen, and
in a few minutes he was a corpse from the effect of
hmnutrrhage. A third man, who was a, witness of this
tuddeu and fate! attack, and ran off to obtain medical
assistance, was pursued by the murderers, knife in hand,
but he fortunately effected his escape and gave informa-
tion of what bad happened, the Irishmen in the mean-
time quietly returning to their lodgings and going to
bed, where they were apprehended at four o'clock on
Sunday morning, and from whence they were taken
to prison. At a :subsequent hour of the same day the
CCM! t went to the spot where the murder was committed
ta collect evidence, and when this has been cdmpleted
the prisoners will he brought to Guernsey for trial. It
is stated that previous to the tragic events above nar-
rated there had been some bad sling between the Irish-
men and Langlois, but not of a nature to cense any
apprehension of serious results."
ARISTOCRATIC FEELING IN ENGLAND.—SO exaggerated
is the influence of the aristocracy in England, or rather
so servile is the spirit of the middle classes, that a noble-
man in the vicinity of his country seat, as compared with
the same in his London club, is as the magnified flea in
the plates of a treatise upon entomology compared with
the same insect in its natural condition. The "Lord
Anything" of an obscure country neighbourhood it
talked of by all its squires as if there were something
specific in the very heofs of his coach horses. To them he
is a regal personage. They know the names and number
of his servants—the arrangements of his household. On
all occasions they quote his sayings ; and when he says
nothing, they wonder what he thinks, till reasonable be-
ings vhiting in the neighbourhood become sick of his
very name,—The Reflector.