The Sun.
London, England, 1834-05-09 00:00:00

RAMSGATE, MAY 8.

The Orestes transport (No. 7), arrived in this harbour
yesterday, from Barbadoes, having on board a detachment
of the 93d Highlanders, commandedby Captain O'Meara ;
also Major Reid, Royal Engineers, w►th some sappers ;
the 93d disembarked on the pier immediately, and were
billetted until this morning, when they marched for Can-
terbury at an early hour. The' Orestes has since sailed
for the River, to convey the remainder of the troops to
Woolwich.

This morning, the Marquis of Huntley transport
(No. 8), entered the royal harbour, having the remainder
of the 93d regiment on board, which will also march to
Canterbury to-morrow morning. Both the above vessels
left Barbadoes about nine weeks since.

THE MASTER TAILORS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

am requested by the Committee of Master
Tailors very respectfully to convey their cordial and
unanimous thanks for the promptitude and liberality
shown by you in the insertion of their several adver-
tisements, and also gratefully to acknowledge the
powerful support in your columns of their cause, and
which they venture to think is likewise that of the
public at large.
I am, Sir, your most obedient servant,
C. HARRISON, Hon. Sec.
39, Sackville-street, May 7.

BELGRAVE LITERARY and SCIENTIFIC

THE MARKETS-jilIS DAV.)

CORN EXCHANGE;

The arrivals of all kinds of Grain this week are plentiful,
an !. tl.e return of Flour is moderate. For Wheat the de-
maid is not brisk, and last Monday's prices are hardly sup-
po:tee. Bariey, Beans, avid Pease unaltered. Oats are
to erable free Ea e, and- former rates are rather exceeded.
Hoar• as last noted.

English
rish
Rneign

ARRIVALS.

Wheat. Oats. I
8,314 rs '1,090 qrs. t 4,435 qrt. 4,9_0 s
1;80 150,1 10,3:0
I ----

SMITHFIELD MARKET.
This day's supply of Beasts, Calves, and Porkers, was limited ;
,1 Sheep and Lambs moderately good. The trade was rather dull,
it newly Monday's quotations. Milch. Cows were rather numo.
:sus, and ,old readily at the ir last week's prices, a useful ShOrt.
'lorns, with her small Calf, producing from 15!. to 22!.
~
rinse
small t.atr
PRICES PER STONE OF 81.£.5. TO SINK THE OFFALS.
s. d. to s. d.l s. d. 6.1.
i,enfeori.oirqußaelaist
tysditto 2 2 60 22
102 } La
0() 0 o!rime large Oxen... 3 4 3 6! Large coarse Calves 2 6 310
..'rime Scots, &c..... 310 4 0; Prime small ditto 4 6 5 0
Inferior Sheep 2 0 2 4 Large Hogs
I''
ilittt, 5 0 520 •
30 3 6
second quality ditto 3 2 3 8 Small Porkers 3 8 4 0
.'.oarse-woolled ditto 3 8 310 . Suckling Calvet 12s. tu3o. each.
:.iiithdown Wethers 4 0 . 4 2' Quarter ol,;Pigs 12s. to IW.e4cli.
SUPPLY, AS PER CLERICS STATEMENT.
Beasts. `
'7Sheep and Lambs.' Calves. I Pies.
3UO I ,090 1 217 i 220

DEN ti .+1 e.l
by the Carcass.

NEWGATE AND LEA
At per stone,
s. &tag. d. -
Is. d.tos. d.
Beef, inferior 2 0 2 2 Mutton, inferior... 2 4 2 8
middling 2 4 2 8 middling.. 3 0 3 4
prime large 3 0 3 2 prime...... 3 4 310
prime small 3 2 3 4 Pork, large —........ 2 2 3 0
Veal 3 0 4 8 —mall—. .. ..... 2 8 38
Lamb «w,..,,,,.,. 4s. 4d. to sa. 4d.;

COLONIAL MARKETS.—(THIS DAY.)
BRITISH PLANTATION SUGAR. —We have had nu-
merous arrivals of the new crop, and prices have in conse-
quence declined full 2s. per cwt. The sales of the week
are estimated at 1,500 hogsheads, including 210 hogsheads
of Demerara at 50s. to 545. per cwt. for low middling sorts.
EAST INDIA SUGAR.—The arrivals of the new crop are
coming in freely, and since this day week about 45,000
bags have arrived. Rather above 9,000 bags of the new
crop will be submitted for public sale this afternoon.
Middling grey yellow realized 525. to 535. Gd., and bright
grocery from 555. to 575. 6d. per cwt.
FOREIGN SUGA RS. —There is scarcely anything doing
in these sugars.
REFINED SUGAR.—The market is steady, and somefew
parcels have again been sold at 31s. Gd. to 325. Grocery
sorts continue without alteration.

COFFEE.-British Plantation descriptions remain in--
active. The public sales have been small on the quantity
offered, almost wholly withdrawn at a further reduction of
3s. to 4s. Foreign and East'lndia appear rather firmer.
Ceylons are in demand at 51s. as likewise-Brazils at the.
late sales priees,.but there are no sellers, except at an ad-
vance of Is. to Is. 6d. By private contract no business.
has been done of importance. 1430 bags of Brazil were
sold at steady prices on Friday ; pale good ordinary to fine .
coloury ordinary, 51s. 6d.' to 575. Of St. Domingo,.
there were 135 bags, and 148 bales of Mocha were.
offered for sale. The first was withdrawn at 535. for the
good ordinary quality, which price has bean refused
privately for the same quality. Of the Mdchas the prices
were but realized in part, from 60s. to 635. for the good
to the fine unequalled ordinary green.
COCOA.-01 Brazil, 349 bags fetched at from 23...
to 245.

RUM.-Yesterday the Commissioners of his Majesty's
Navy took a contract for 75,000 gallons, at quotations near
24. lid. per gallon for Leewards, 5 per cent. under proof.
This is a shade below what the last contract was taken at
in January last.
SewEs.—The quotation for Cassia is only from six-
pence to
.one shilling lower, although the amount
brought to market in the week was 1,800 chests, and
more than 4,000 chests have arrived : 70s. 6d. to 7•2 N..
was given for the ordinary middling to the raiiidling sort.
Pimento and Pepper are both lower by %d; of the for-
mer 1,063 bags, and of the latter 6,18 bags, were taken at
from 3Nd. to 31-Ad. for the very ordinary to good clear
black Sumatra, and 31Ad. to 3%d. for Malabar of fair-
quality. Pimento of the low good ordinary stalks to laid-
' dling fetches from 4%d. to 4YBd.
SALTPETILE.-The market for this article is very fiat.
By the last arrivals, 11,000 bags were brought. There
is not any call for the rough quality. British Refined is
from 30s. to 30s. 6d.

COTTON remains depressed, and the business transacted
has been of no great amount.
RICE.-1n this article a pretty considerable sale was.
made, namely, 5,159 bags of Java, which was all taken at
from 7s. 6d. to Bs. Gd. for quality of the very ordinary de-
scription (in the husk) to that of a fair sort.
TALLOW.—The price is heavy, at 425. 3d. to 425, tied.
per cwt. About 540 casks have this week come in front
Odessa.

YORKSHIRE MARKETS.
(From tho- Halifax Express.)
HALIFAX.—There was still a further 'Acrease in the
amount of the business transacted in tlte Piece-hall, at
this market, last Saturday ; but prices, though univer-
sally firm, were very low, and tile manufacturers com-
plained very much of the prices realized, notwithstanding
the reduction which has taken place in the price of them,.
material. The sales of English wool, of nearly all de-
scriptions, have been considerable during the last week ;
and some particular kinds have brought a small advance ;
but, generally speaking, wool has not-advanced much
hitherto, although the prices of all kinds are now very firm.
HIYOLIERSFIELD.—There was no material improvement
in the state of this market last Tuesday ; several of the
merchants, however, who have been in the habit of pur-
chasing extensively for the American trade for many years
past., were in the market, and did a little business in pad_
dings and low cloths ; but their principal object in being
present appeared to be, to ascertain the state of the mar-
ket. The principal business that is being transacted at
present, is in superfine broads for the home trade, which
command very good prices, and have not been reduced in
price so much as have other descriptions.
BRADFORD.—At this market, last Thursday, them was
rather more business done in stuff goods than on the pre-
ceding week ; but we are unable to add that there was
any improvement in price. In wool there was considerable
'activity, and a small advance of 10s. per pack was ob--
taMed on some descriptions.
LEEDS.—In the Coloured and White Cloth Halls, on
Tuesday, the demand was limited, and the little business
done was at rather reduced prices.
RocktnALE.—This market, on Monday, was much bet-
ter than for some weeks past ; there were many as buyers,,
but low prices being offered, few sales were effected.

POISONING AT DUNNINGTON.—TI). vii..
liage of Dunnington, near York, was thrown into a
considerable state of agitation and alarm ein Thursday.
last, in consequence of the following circumstances.
Joseph Shaw, a shoemaker, his wife,
and her daughter,
Eliza Shaw, a child about two
.years of age, after din-
ner, which consisted of broth anda pudding, were taken
very ill, and attacked whit violent vomitting. The
child died at eight o'rflock that evening, and at one
time the life of the Lather was despaired of. An in-
quest was held .0n the body of the infant by James
Richardson, RN., Coroner for the Liberty of St.
Peter, on the following day, and by adjournment yes.
terday, but the result was not known when our papft
went to press.—York Courant.

PARIS RACES.--Tite weather being fine,
the races in the Champ de Mars were well attended,
and honoured for ashort time by the presence of the
Dukes of Orleans and Nemours ; many noblemen and
gentlemen amateurs were also present. The prize of
2,200. francs, was won by M. Rieussec's br. b. ibis,
.carrying 1041bs. Mr. Brown's Waxy having thrown
his rider, and the Count de Cm-ibis's: colt lirolla
stumbled on the opposite side of tbe: course, conse-
quently Ibis cantered in, and ctainted the prize. The
second prize of 2,500 francs, for four-year cads, was
won by M. Rieussec's ch. l'. Hercule, carrying 1131bs.
beating Lord Seymour's Frs. Diavolo, and the Count
de Gambis's m. Noema. Mr. Brown's Young
bWethswiee,kgrn na
poitms.otart,
io
and dnutehre lace was well
.e
Theseecoonndtest d
races
will take place on Thursday.

BOSTON SAEEP FA/R.—The :.inpply of
sheep at ow market yesterday was very large, for
which high prices were asked, and, in most instances
obtained: The very refreshing showers which have
fallen within the last fee; days have much enhanced
the value of lean stock,, which may be quoted at full
five per cent. de4i,rer than at the last Lincoln fair. A
pen of fine hugs, the property of Mr. Dixon, of Wad-
•
ding_to;.:, brought 50a. each ; they were purchased by
~,„;.. .J, Conpland, of Freiston ; the staple wool upon
many of them measured twelve In lengths The gerx_
'
Via) prices were—shearlings, 485. to, 555. • bor.,- mg.
to 50s. Nearly all
were sold, and many deP-iers who
could not obtain remunerating prices at 1,4,nc01n were
enabled to make good profits at this fai:i.,
The show
of sheep on tlw.
ground was very r.ousiderable, there
being 7;000 more than last year
—Boston Herald.
The "Dancing master" may be said to be
abroad in this tour V. The following announcement
is eonspieuou-1y exhibited in the window• of a tailor,
residing. in a parish not far distant from Stourport :
"...Paticzng tawt hear hat a penny a weak ; thew as
walse a apeny more ;" and an eye witness assures us it
is a fact that the nailorg, colliers, &e., employed at;
the works in the neighbourhood,, weekly resort in
numbers to this " establishment"'for the purpose of
,
iiliti:ati.;44 iu the 4altAtQry art.......iirQrcestg Herald,

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

In our police report of yesterday appeared a
case of the effect of trades' combinations, which
ought not to pass unnoticed. Mr. Balcombe,
a master builder, had been suddenly deprived
of the services of between fifty and sixty work-
men by the influence of threats and intimidation.
Four men were brought before the magistrates
for this offence,but the principal witness against
them, a journeyman, was so manifestly wrought
upon by the fear of consequences, that lie
declined stating facts which must have been
within his knowledge, and the magistrates,
after publicly announcing their opinion that
" intimidation to a most mischievous extent,
had been used," and promising to the fright-
ened witness (a man of the name of Slade)the
future protection of the law, if required, were
under the necessity of dismissing the defend-
ants. Here then is the condition which we
have arrived at—not only personal liberty laid
prostrate by a system of terror, to the ruin of
scores of industrious workmen and their fami-
lies, but by the same cause the ends of justice
frustrated, and crime unpunished and trium-
phant. This is Ireland all over Transgres-
sion too powerful for the law ! We are told
that many parts of London have for some days
past been covered with placards, exhibiting an
unmeasured abuse of all the more affluent classes
of the community, treating their support of
the master tradesmen with derision, and main-
taining the absolute independence of the work-
ing classes on those by whom they have hither-
to been employed. According to this profound
doctrine, industry requires not the moving power
of capital, and accumulation is altogether use-
less ! If the trades'-unions could reflect at all, they
must see the fatal consequences to themselves of
the proceedings they are now engaged in, whe-
ther they fail or succeed in them. Failure
speaks for itself ; it is so much time lost—so
many days or weeks' wages sacrificed—
so much debt incurred for rent, food,
and clothing—and the necessity of go-
ing to gaol, or of paying the money due,
out of the daily wages of future industry.
For let it be well remembered that there is no
instance of men engaged in a turn-out of any
duration receiving as large an allowance from
the committee as they had earned in the shape
of wages from their masters, even under the
greatest depression of trade, or ever indeed ob-
taining near so much by way of allowance from
the leaders of the " strike" as would yield the
commonest necessaries to their wives and chil-
dren. On every occasion the turn-outs have
been compelled, by their sufferings, to beg again
for regular work. Well, now turn for a mo-
ment to the event of a possible victory over the
masters, and see-1. By what means it is ac-
complished ; and 2. What must be the results
of it. None but a hypocrite will deny that the
frequent and only effectual instrument resorted
to by the active members of combinations for
forcing others to join them, or to deter those
who have already joined them from receding, is
neither more nor less than the application of
some species of terror—either the fear of bodily
outrage, or of some other punishment for dis-
obedience to the commands of the majority.
This then—this bond of the trades' unions—is
a direct attack upon the freedom and property of
every individual who is reluctant to co-operate
with or to submit to it, because it openly violates
the right of every man to turn his own industri
to the best account-for his own and his family s
advantage. What is that but tyranny—tyranny
in the most oppressive, most harassing, and
revolting form ? But it is successful, for a
little while successful, and what does it effect ?
The master bows his head and yields to the
terms of the journeymen—of the joAneymen
who have frightened away all competitors, how-
ever willing to undersell them : they extort their
high wages—their monopoly price of labour—
a monopoly walled round by compulsion—and
what then ? The wages are unnaturally high
—the cost of the article becomes so too—the
price to the customer follows the cost of produc-
tion ; but will this artificial price extend over
the whole of England—nay (or it soon vanishes)
over the whole of industrious Europe ? and if
not—what happens? The masters, who have
been lashed into high prices, lose their custo-
mers, contract or wholly abandon their trade,
and dismiss a portion of their journeymen, or
the entire body, who are thus thrown upon the
poor rate, but who will scarcely mend them-
selves by a " strike" against the parish
officers to force a rise of wages, for the
agreeable occupation of breaking stones
by the road-side. We have no desire
to encourage counter combinations of customers
with masters against the workmen, or for meet-
ing one evil by another, for evil are all such
hostile confederacies, and productive of a malig-
nant and anti-social spirit ; but if the system
of persecution be resorted to on one side, and the
gauntlet instead of the olive-branch thrown
down to all the rest of society, under the name,
equally false and odious, of the " unproductive
classes," what can the latter hope for, unless
from the use of some like and equivalent
weapons ? We have already said more than
once that the only parties who derive a profit
from such courses are the busy, bustling,
bullying, and designing men, who issue their
orders to the subservient multitude, make laws
to regulate the -manner in which that foolish
multitude may best evade and undermine the
operations of public justice, and finally and
especially who keep the keys of the money chest,
and retain their gripe over the subordinate
members of the combination, by determining at
their own will and pleasure how much every
judibidual of the union shall receive from the
fund for the support of himself and children.
A power like this exceeds what was ever before
vested in the hands of any autocrat known to
history. It is at once too enormous not
to be abused, and too gratifying to be
easily parted with. This is the secret of the
stimulating, the exasperating placards, reports,
advertisements, and orders, which are issued
from day to day. Like gin to the morbid
stomach are these poisonous addresses to in-
flamed and parched imaginations. The fever
must be kept up by the quacks who have pro-
duced it, so long as a shilling to swell the re-
ceipts of the union chest can be wrung from the
pockets of their dupes. We continue to have
letters on this painful subject, and from many
quarters. Miss Martineau has come out with
a little essay on the general question of com-
binations which is well-reasoned and well-
timed. We eertainly do not rank ourselves
among this jadiris general admirers ; her sub-'
jects septa tl9 fix the most part, unsuitable
-
to a female pen, And 'teen suitable,t4he treated
with Mile skill; herstories .scarcely ever illus-
trating her doctrine. An unfortunate notion,
too, seems to possess ber mind, that to be a
great writer the first essential is to be a volumi-
nous vditer. WO, on the- contrary, wish that,

4 ~~

with the view to the solid utility of Miss Mar-
tineau's exertions, some decent check could be
administered to the fecundity of her pen, whose
progeny, if paid for out of the poor-rates,
would beggar the richest parish in Great Bri-
tain. The publication, however, which we
now allude to is a good one ; it is entitled—
The tendency of Strikes and Sticks to produce
low wages, and of Union between Masters and
Men to insure good wages. We quote a pas-
sage or two in illustration of the former truth ; we
2h the latter on a future occasion :
" At present, we hear nothing of masters combining
against the men ; for the good reason that they can-
not afford to let their orders wait while they are dis-
puting about wages. The direct interest of the mas-
ters just now is to give their men the most that they
can afford, in order to getting their orders executed,
and their capital returned as quickly as possible. The
disposition to strike is, at the present time, all the
other way.
The first effect of a strike would now be to drive
the masters, who are making the smallest profits, or
no profits at all, to give up business. Their work-
people will then have to be provided for in some way
or other ; and they will be found offering their labour
to other capitalists, so as to bring down the earnings
of their fellow-workmen yet lower, by dividing the
same amount of wages among more people. No good
can come out of this to anybody.
" If a strike be made against a large capitalist at an
inconvenient time, it may succeed for a while. Com-
binations do not always, though they do usually, fail
of their immediate objects. Now and then they
frighten or worry masters into giving larger wages for
a time ; but unless trade improves much and imme-
diately, bad consequences follow even from what is
gained. Wages being higher in the district of the
strike than elsewhere, the commodity produced there
is dearer, or the capitalist loses by it. The commo-
dity being dearer puts an end to the demand ; and the
capitalist's loss of money obliges him to contract or
give up his business; and so there comes an end of
the higher wages, if not of wages altogether.
" It seems, at first sight, as if this consequence
might have been prevented by a combination Jring
made to spread wide enough. When a handful of men
may not be able to keep up the struggle, it may be
thought that the whole working population might
stand out successfully, if united. This has been fre-
quently said and written and believed ; but it does not
appear that the most extensive unions that have ever
been formed have done more for the working classes
than the smallest and weakest. In fact, the one meets
the evil no more than the other, but rather aggravates
it in a greater proportion. No union of workmen
against their masters can improve trade, or raise pro-
fits, or persuade capitalists to carry on a losing busi-
ness. If all the workmen in Scotland and Ireland
could join those of England, and if all these joined
France, and Germany came into the agreement, and
America sided with them, the condition of the work-
people would only grow worse the faster, because
there would be a greater depression in all trades, and
a more rapid sinking of the masters' profits, and a
more terrible waste of capital while the dispute was
going on. If a small combination fails from taking a
wrong aim, the larger it is made, the wider it will go
from the mark.
" Something of this may be seen from the fate of
all the largest combinations that have been seen among
us. The last long stick among the pitmen of the
Tyne and Wear did more harm to the pitmen in pro-
portion as it was more widely supported. Not only did
the coalowners lose as many thousand pounds as would
have supported their men in comfort through many a
month that they spent in want, but every week that
the quarrel was spun out gave more occasion and more
opportunity to bring miners from a distance to do the
pitmen's work. Such new people were brought from
the lead-mines; and they are now sharing the wages
that the pitmen might have had to themselves. If the
combination had been universal, so that the lead-
miners had refused to come, the case would have been
no better, but much worse. The coal-pits would have
been shut up, and there would now have been little
work for anybody.
" There are other ways, too, of baffling an extensive
combination—methods for which the workmen become
answerable as soon as they begin to encroach on the
fair profits of their masters' trade. The combinations
which supported the Manchester spinners, in the va-
rloea mikes which they made between 1824 andlb..3l,
were very extensive, but the. spinners were no better
off for that. It appeared at last that every one who
had helped them to stand out from week to week had
helped them to miss their mark in a way they had not
thought of. Their turn-out was of most serious con-
sequence both to the masters and their neighbours, as
every head spinner has six or seven people working
under him, who cannot go on when he stops. These
people were willing to work • the masters were pressed
to execute their orders, and they began to think
whether stnne plan could not be devised for doing
without the head spinners. As often as the head
spinners came back to work, the plan was laid
aside : as often as they turned out, the wits of the
masters were sharpened. At last the great strike
of 1831 did the business. A machine called the
self-acting mule is in use in upwards of fifty fac-
tories, doing the work of the head spinners so much
better than they could do it themselves, as to leave
them no chance against it. Those who helped the pit-
men to stand out brought the lead-miners to the Tyne
and Wear ; and those who helped the head spinners to
stand out, brought the self-acting mule to take their
work from them.
" It is no less melancholy to discover, from the
notices to their brethren at a distance, the poverty in
which the turn-out left the people of Bradford. They
begged to be excused contributing in their turn :
The Bradford workmen are, at the present time,
utterly incapable of relieving any other class of work-
men. Hundreds of them cannot get bread, and few
of the remainder anything besides.' Some of the
committee, confident as they were at the outset, were
known to be living at last by obtaining provisions on
credit, by selling any furniture they might have left,
by pawning their clothes, or asking their friends to
support them for a time.
" Melancholy as all this is, it is far from surprising
when it is seen how money goes during a strike. In
the first place, the waste of maintaining many thou-
sand people for ten months in idleness is frightful,
when their future support actually depends on there
being no waste. At Bradford the sum thus spent was
14,4311. 10s. 3d. So, when they returned to work,
there was all that and whatever increase their labour
could have added to it the less to pay wages with.
How should the masters raise their wages ?
" But even this expenditure was less vexatious ti
its wastefulness than some which belongs, like a curse,
to a strike. It is a hard thing for a man to see his
children's maintenance frittered away in upholding
such expenses as the following
Meat, drink, lodgings of delegates from £ s. d.
various parts of the kingdom 240 16 11
" Travelling expenses of delegates from
. Bradford. 286 14 1
" Expenses of committees 466 9 10
" Stationary, newspapers, and advertise-
ments

. 345 8 9

" Postage and carriage of parcels 43 15 11
" Loss by bad bank-notes ll 1 0
" Before the struggle was over, there was much dif-
ficulty in raising money. To prevent unfavourable
suspicions getting abroad, money was borrowed on pay
days from anybody who would lend it ; and the matter
ended in a debt of 661. to the lenders ; and there was
besides a debt for advertisements and stationary of 51/.
The committee were in debt 1171. when they closed
their proceedings ; and the first earnings that their fa-
mishing brethren could spare must go to pay it.
" There are very plain reasons for the worst men of
the working class being disposed to patronize strikes.
If an idle fellow, who likes anything better than work,
sees an honest delegate on his travels, he begins to
think that it must be very pleasant to jaunt about at
other people's expense. The next thing is to set
about stirring up discontents that may lead to a turn-
out, and perhaps to his being sent on his travels, and
made a great man of. A tippler, who sees a commit-
tee-man moistening his throat with ale before he de-
livers his sentiments, longs to sit and drink ale that
the general fund must pay for, A vain man courts such
a fine opportunity for making, speeches, and the proud
man of getting known. These few stir up a strike,
and delude many thousands of people much better
than themselves. There is no saying how much mis-
chief they may do among the simple-minded, if the
wisest men of th,e class arc not present to be a match
for the agitators. •There aro too many men in our
manufacturing cities and n 9,1,1,r collieries who could
point to one or another of such jobbers As their most
cruel enemy. Jobbing is bad enough everywhere and
in every way ; but the most detestable jobbing . of all
is that of the canning idle, to the injury of the simple-
minded and induitiioui, It makes one's blood boil to
think of four or six sly unPrineipleci fellows- flattering

so many thousands about their interests and their
liberties, while they are making slaves of them, and
bringing them down to starvation, that they them-
selves may fatten on the substance they never tried
to earn.
__ . _

" Tyrants are often the foremost in talking of
liberty. In every turn-out there is much said of the
tyranny of masters, but no masters have now the
power of inflicting such tyranny as takes place in most
strikes. Let the masters be well watched, but let the
members of a trade union look nearer at home at the
same time. The master declares what wages he will
give ; but the leaders of a strike interfere further with
a man than this, they dictate what wages he shall take.
A master may, with the stroke of his pen, dash out
the labourer's prospects of work for the next week or
month. His fellow-workmen too often do something
more cruel than this. When his work is before his
eyes, and his wages ready for his hand, they turn him
back to his own door, to spend the day in idleness,
and perhaps trip him up with insults by the way.
There are some well-known dreadful cases of men
being hunted, and whipped, or stoned, or ducked, be-
cause they wished to sell their own labour at their own
price. Such things have been heard of in a Court of
Justice as their wives being assaulted and cruelly treated
by dastardly cowards, who would thus get the husbands
into their power, or punish the independence of spirit
which would not submit to their dictation. Such acts
as these discredit a whole union, while they are the
the work of a very few, and while the many are those
who suffer the most from them. No body of people
ever agrees in such deeds, and no body of people
should submit to the disgrace which follows them.
The many who are innocent should narrowly watch
the guilty few, and resist every movement of tyranny,
independence,
and they value the good name, and the
and the very existence of their class.
" The reason why large bodies of workmen so often
submit to be dictated to by a few, as to the terms on
which they shall sell their labour, and even to be ill
treated if they follow their own judgment, is no doubt
because they are not aware that they are protected in
their liberty by the law. It is not the case, as the
leaders of strikes are apt to declare, that because
combination is now allowed by law, any bad acts that
may arise from combination are allowed by law. While
the law protects the liberty of men in combining, it
protects both masters and men from the interference
of. any party whatever in arranging the price or car-
rying on the exercise of labour.
The law is this :—Neither masters nor workmen
shall be liable to any prosecution or punishment what-
ever for combining to raise, lower, or fix the price of
labour, or to alter the hours of working, or the quan-
tity of work, or to regulate the way of carrying on
their mutual business. But if threats or violence be
used in the pursuit of their objects, or if any workman,
or number of workmen, interfere to prevent another
from fulfilling his engagements, or finishing his work,
or letting his labour in any way he pleases, the offend-
ing parties may be committed by two magistrates (not
interested in the trade or manufacture) to suffer im-
prisonment, with or without hard labour, for any term
not exceeding two calendar months."— Times.

The public cannot fail to observe the striking
contrast between the zeal lately displayed by
ministers in support of the pension list in all
its prodigal, unpruned luxuriance, and the in-
difference with which they are ready to sacrifice
good faith to economy by effecting a trumpery
saving at the expense of the hard-earned su-
perannuation allowances of the working clerks
in the public offices. When the undeserved
allowances of the noble or right hon. persons
who condescend to accept of 180,0001. of our
money for doing nothing, are proposed as fit
objects of inquiry, we hear of nothing but
" vested rights," of the validity of the act of
Parliament which settled the civil list, and of
the dishonour of breaking public faith ; but
have these public servants no " vested rights,"
and may not acts of Parliament be pleaded in
their favour with as much force as in favour of
those who have done nothing to earn their 1
grants ? By the 50th of George 111., cap.
117, and by the 3d of George IV, cap. 113,
the clerks in the public offices have acquired a
title to certain superannuation allowances,
which a bill before Parliament now proposes_to
reduce. Are these acts less binding than the
bmore recent act for the settlement of the pen-
' sion list under William IV.? or does the dif-
ference in the station and connections of the
parties diminish the right of the latter to that
compensation to which the former have no pre-
tensions ? We shall, when the bill comes on
for discussion, make some further observations
on this subject.— Times.

Never was there an administration in this
country so circumstanced as the present, since
England first submitted to the control of regu-
lar government. There was once a time when
to be beaten on a division, was considered a
proof of weakness ; a proof of the want of
public support, sufficiently decisive to call for
an immediate resignation of the government.
This submission of the ruling party to the po-
pular voice, for such is the fair interpretation
of the custom, was honourable alike to the
freedom of our institutions, and the spirit of
our public men. But times are changed. A
new generation of officials has started up, the
first principle of whose parliamentary tactics is
to stick like pitch to their places ; and in con-
formity with that principle, they not only stick
to place after defeat, but frequently contrive to
avoid defeat, by the assistance of their old ene-
mies the Tories. The last time the Tories ren-
dered their Whig friends good service in this
way, was on the question for a revision of the
pension list. It is true they received a quid pro
quo, the Whigs having in reality undertaken
to fight the Tory battle, not only against pub-
lic opinion, but against Whig opinion, at least
against Whig profession, repeatedly and ve-
hemently avowed, up to the period of their
getting into office. That the Whigs are not
over nice as to the source or party from whence
they derive support in any extremity, may be
inferred from the fact that they have been saved
by the Radicals as often as by the Tories. ,
This is what constitutes the peculiarity of the
present government. They discard all idea of
self-respect as an illusion too refined to occupy
the brain of a practical Statesman, and by
playing one party against the other, continue
to laugh at the public, who look on with a sort
of bewilderment at the dance of politicians in
which Ministers dexterously manage to change
sides without ever losing their places. One
of their favourite expedients for rousing the
sympathies of either party, as the case may
suggest, is, a threat of resignation. It was
something like bad taste though to have re-
course to it as they had on the occasion of the
pension list. It looked as if they were never in
earnest in these threats. But the principle of
sticking to place may be carried too far after
all. There are certain indications, as the man
in the play says, from which a well-bred dog
will take warning to make the best of his way
down stairs instead of waiting till he is kicked
into the street. Some dogs may have a
weaker instinct, or a worse taste, and either
miscalculate or prefer the more violent process
of ejection. We should be sorry to confound
Ministers with such indiscriminating animals ;
but there is no accounting for tastes. Many
are the intimations which Ministers have had
that public opinion is deserting them. The
Radicals have saved them, the Tories have
saved them, trickery has saved them. But
there are politicians who would rather die a
1
thousand deaths than yield an inch of office.—
Morning ilera. la,
There is a rent in the veil—the Ministry iti

divided against itself, and upon a question--
the appropriation of church property—than
which there is none more important, either as
regards the feelings of the public, or the future
' condition of the church. We know not what
may be the result of this ill-omened division of
opinion, upon which we have much to say ; but
it is proper that the public should know that
their friends form the minority in the Cabinet,
and that, unless they rouse themselves as one
man, to oppose their expulsion from the Cabinet,
they will be delivered over to the tender em-
braces of the Whig-Tory majority, with the
delightful adjunct of the Peel wedge—in other
words, to a Cabinet composed of men ambitious
of office—ambitious of power—imbued with
aristocratic feelings—and possessing no other
idea of the mode in which the people ought to
be governed, than that of controlling them by
military force. We have not space to-day to
enlarge upon this subject ; but to-morrow we
shall endeavour to revert to it in a manner not
to be mistaken.—Morning Advertiser.
We rejoice to find that the country is now
generally awakened to a just sense of the enor-
mity of the ministerial project for what is ridi-
culously called the amendment of the poor laws
—which project we were the first to denounce
as pernicious, unconstitutional, and tyrannical.
It is scarcely necessary to enter into details in
order to prove the iniquity and absurdity of this
scheme, since, with the exception of those
who make a point of thinking that whatever is
proposed by ministers is " wisest, virtuousest,
discreetest, best," mankind are already unani-
mous in their decision, that it is iniquitous and
absurd, and since this general decision of man-
kind is pronounced too distinctly and emphati-
cally to leave much cause for apprehension that
the project will ever be carried into effect. The
idea of establishing in London a central board,
appointed by ministers, removeable at their
pleasure, and acting under their authority, for
the government of all the parishes in England,
with respect to the treatment of the poor, is an
idea which might by possibility have arisen in
the minds of speculative inquirers, not limited
in their reveries by an intimate knowledge of
the character of British society and not bound
to keep constantly in view the principles of
British freedom ; but it is also an idea which
could never have found a welcome reception
into the mind of a British Minister, whose sta-
tion implies that he cannot be entirely ignorant
of the habits, temper, and disposition of his
countrymen, that the principles of the British
constitution are not entirely unknown to him,
and that he at some period or other of his life
has taken a glance, however hasty and imper-
fect, at the structure of British society, unless
such British statesman had selfish and sinister
objects of his own to promote, and had from
the first determined to disregard in favour of
these objects every national feeling, every
constitutional maxim, every social habit of
his countrymen. An attempt has been made
to transfer the responsibility of this wicked
and tyrannical project from his Majesty's
Ministers to the Poor Law Commissioners.
It must have been made without the con-
sent of Ministers ; for, however unfavour-
able our opinion of them may be, we can-
not believe them capable of the despicable
meanness of shifting to others the censure
which is exclusively their own. What does the
country care about this body of Commissioners,
or anything they recommend ? It is only when
Government adopt their project, that that pro-
lea becomes of -any importance
indeed, live under an entirely new system of
government if the responsible Ministers of the
ring were to be invested with the privilege of
appointing Commissioners to investigate im-
portant subjects of national policy, and be at
liberty to adopt their recommendations, and to
cast upon them the whole responsibility in
every case in which absurdity should become
apparent, or calamity should ensue. The host
of Commissioners, Deputy Commissioners, and
other functionaries whom the Poor Law Bill
would call into being, and the immense mass
of patronage which it would place in the hands
of Ministers, have been inducements to the adop-
tion of the iniquitous absurdity of the Poor Law
Bill, which a sinking administration has been
unable to resist. Their popularity having
fled, they no longer think it necessary to pre-
tend that patronage is indifferent to them.
Hence the present and a multitude of other
projects, every one of which is calculated to
augment, more or less, the patronage and in-
fluence of the ministers of the Crown. If the
French system of centralization could be esta-
blished with respect to the management of the
poor, it might be established also with respect
to every other department of our domestic eco-
nomy. • The magistracy and police, even the
roads and bridges of our most remote provinces,
might speedily be placed under the superin-
tendence and control of the government, or of
its boards of commissioners. The Whigs are
not insensible to the advantages which they
would derive from such a change. It would
give them direct patronage and power to an
extent in which patronage and power have
never been enjoyed by any administration in
this country, and to an extent evidently incom-
patible with the existence of public liberty.
But this is not all. Influence and authority
iu,relation to local affairs throughout Great
Britain, are at the present moment, and in
a natural state of society must always be, in
the hands of men of wealth, importance, and
respectability, who again acquire an accession
of power in consequence of the management of
the local affairs of their several neighbourhoods
being in their hands. Men of this description,
however, so far as they take any part in the po-
litical affairs of the country, are very seldom,
and of this the Whigs have a very mortifying
consciousness, on the same side with the pre-
sent ministers of the Crown. Hence it happens
that to deprive this class of men of the oppor-
tunity of contributing by their exertions to the
welfare of their several neighbourhoods, and of
establishing by this means the strongest claims
upon the gratitude and esteem of their inferiors
in society, is an object of interest with the pre-
sent government scarcely inferior to that of di-
rectly augmenting their own patronage and
power. To these combined motives we be-
lieve we may confidently ascribe the adoption
by ministers of that French system of centrali-
zation of which the Poor Laws' Amendment
Bill forms so characteristic and conspicuous a
part. We refer our readers to the reports of
the proceedings upon this subject of the Court
of Common Council and of several parochial
meetings which were held yesterday.—Morn-
ing Post.

A correspondent of the Lancet says that
when all the ordinary modes of stopping haemorrhage from
a. leach bite- had been found ineffectual, he accomplished
it as a last resource before applying the actual cautery, by
putting a spoonful of plaster of Paris, in the same state as
when taking a cast, on the bleeding orifice.

COURT OF CHANCERY, MAY 8.

His LORDSHIP gave judgment at the rising of the
Court in the following cases:—

PALIN V. HILL.
His LORDSHIP, after recapitulating the facts of the
case, reversed the decree of his Honour the Master of
the Rolls.

MOUSELEY V. CARR.

His LORDSHIP said that Mr. T. Hardcastle had by
his will of the 2d July, 1787, bequeathed to his wife,
and to a Mr. Berry, the whole of his real and personal
property, in trust for his wife for her life, with re-
mainder over to his nephew and niece. The testator
also directed that his coal trade should be carried on
for the benefit of his wife for her life, and afterwards
for the benefit of those to whom he had devised the
residue of his property. The wife carried on the
business as directed, and also expended considerable
sums in its improvement, and the question now to be
decided was whether that expenditure had been made
for the benefit of the tenant for life, or for the benefit
of the corpus, which the testator had directed to go
to his nephew and niece. His Lordship was of
opinion, upon the. whole circumstances of the case,
that the wife had increased the capital of the trade at
her own option, and that the rights of the residuary
legatees could not be prejudiced by such option ; and
consequently he should, in that particular, alter the
declaration of his Honour the Master of the Rolls.