The Sun.
London, England, 1856-02-01 00:00:00

those of the Woods and Forests and the Land Revenues
of the Crown.

elapsed since last session. At the end of last session, in
another place, a noble lord made a speech concerning the
objects which were contemplated by the present war, and
that noble lord assured the other House of Parliament
that one of the objects of the war was to vindicate the cause
of the oppressed nationalities of Europe. But, a short time
after the C'elivery of that speech, the noble lord was in-
vited to take one oe t hr Mjty's
JUVENILE CRIME. .• ousels; but Istf usth hopehighes that heplaces was so inviteda byes the
Sir J. PAKINGTON gave notice that to-morrow he noble lord at the head of the Government that he might
should put a question to the Secretary of State for the cool his too fervid fanaticism in the cooler atmosphere at
Home Department relative to the rapid increase of juve- the Cabinet table. (Laughter.) But the people of Eng-
nile crime in this country: land, and, I fear, the people of other countries, were aware
that to aid those oppressed nationalities might have led to
ECCLESIASTICAL LAW REFORM.
Mr. COLLIER gave notice of his usual motion with serious calamities. I shall not make any reference to more
the objects and purposes of
reference to ecclesiastical law reform, recent statements respecting
the war, made by individual members of the Government,
THE QUEEN'S SPEECH—THE ADDRESS. though not in so exalted a position, but I must say I
deeply regret them, and I think those who have been so
dral,ehaenm temperate
The Hon. G. BYNG said, in moving that an humble rash or inadvertent as to make the declarations recently
address be presented to her Majesty for her gracious ad- promulgatedllt,heafte listening to the Speech delivered
dress, he begged that the house would afford him that to-day should
iasimilar
course.
circrr:
consideration which his inexperience so mach re- stances, take a moreymodne
I regret there are some gentlemen for whom I have the
quired. He, in common with the house and the greatest respect, both in and out of this house, who, I
think, while they have taken a sound and satisfactory view
country, felt it his duty to offer to the gallant
of what' should be the conditions of peace—namely,the ac-
army of this country the tribute of his respect and ad- complishment of the purposes for w which the war ar was
miration—a respect due not only to our own army, but undertaken—have been induced, by what I cannot but
feel to be a deplorable hallucination, to confess that while
to those of our gallant allies, the Emperor of the French
the objects of the war might be accomplished, still that
and King of Sardinia. He could not but express his regret the war was to be prosecuted ; and this they do on a
that the gallant old man who had assumed the command ground which appears to me to be one which can scarcely
of the army when it left this country should not have
assembly.recommendmay
itself to the sober consideration of any public
been spared to see the glorious completion of the under- We are told though we obtain the pur-
pesos for which we arked in war, sti it was
takine begun under his auspices. This war had not been desirable that the embarked
war should be the
continued in order to
entered' into with any feeling or desire of aggrandise- maintain or increase the lustre of the arms of England,
went. It was only after all attempts to settle the ques- or rather, perhaps, that in the struggle that may,
tion by diplomacy that the last means had been adopted. and I trust will soon cease, we have not achieved
But be congratulated the house that there was a exploits so famous as illustrate some portions of our
prospect of all their cares and courage being re. history. Now, sir, when we have obtained the pur-
warded by the negotiations now so fortunately begun. poses of thewtoorn of
, to carry it on merely to support
.the va-
Calmly considering the relative chances of peace
nity of a por t the community is, in my opinion, a
and war, he thought there was no reason for proposition of a very untenable character. But, sir, I for
one will never agree that the lustre of our armshas been
despondency. The business and fineness of the country diminished. (Hear.) Sir, I cannot find words to express
were in a most satisfactory condition. If the protecto- the admiration which we must all feel for the valour of
rate over the Principalities were abolished, if the mouths our troops throughout this contest. (Hear, hear.) I can-
of the Danube were set free, it the Black Sea were not easily describe what I believe to be a general convic-
thrown open to the world, he thought the war would not tion of admiration at the amount of resources we have at
have been undertaken in vain. He thought that Sweden ' our command, and the energy we have air. ads displayed.
and Norway sheuld not be left in a condition which would (Hear.) But to suppose or to lay down as a principle that
cause their fear for the future from the aggressive policy groat leading powers should never enter into a war, un-
less they wore certain of achieving great victories which
of Russia. He congratulated the house and country that
may figure among what are called the decisive. battlest of
in this war the allies had trusted not less to the opinion
of Europe than to the action of their fleets and armies, tanded rwenssriedd ties nonnye of thei mo;tt monarresapmromstirotounsspervienr.
He felt it difficult to mention the several neeotiations ciple to assert thapteatetion wouldo never go to war unless
which had been held, but he trusted the people they were certain to achieve victories like Blenheim, Aus-
of this country would have confidence in the terlitz, or Waterloe, Therefore, I cannot at all admit the
good faith and judgment of her Majesty's Ministers in principle that we should continue this war in order to ob-
the negotiations about to be opened in the capital of our tarn extraordinary or brilliant results. But the very per-
august ally. It was a glorious subject of congratula- sons who indulge in those taunts are the very persons who
tion that England should have united with her ancient are molstrnmr.suaded of the substantial and increased power
talk of the titescelifn'etohritlgteh samt
enemy to restore to Europe the prospect of a long and
happy peace. Should any attempt be made to deceive
e
care whether they are joijnraelisTsewho have become states-
the good faith of England and France on the who
of entertain
England. those
dvoi enwost
men, or statesmen who have become journalists, I find
question of peace, he felt that any fresh appeal they are the persons least inclined to underrate the great-
to the gallant
.army and navy which had already ness of England, though they play upon the too great ea-
se distinguished itself would not be made in vain. He citability of the people of this country—and, like a great
heard with much joy two paragraphs in her Majesty's sceptic, they "trembled while they sneered." Sir, there
Speech—one relating to the reforms about to be intr 0. is one paragraph in the Address which lam sure expresses
duced in the law, the other to an amendment of the law the unanimous feeling of the house. It was that para .
of partnership. He trusted that a higher hand than graphi which expressed to her Majesty cur admiration
ours ours might guide our councils, and finally crown them at iemanner.iu which the stronghold of
been
with success. The hon. gentleman then moved that an
eve
r may be oar political differences, that never in this
reduced in the Black Sea. I trust that what-
humble address be presented to her Majesty in reply to
hoase will there be any difference of opinion as to the
her Majesty's gracious Speech. The hon. gentleman achievements and exertions of our fellow-countrymen
then read the Address, which was but an echo of the abrcal in maintaining the into ests of her Majesty's realm.
Speech. ( Hear.) But I think there was another siege not less die-
Mr. BAXTER seconded the address. The internal tinguished by daring and bravery, though the constancy
state of the country being so prosperous, and a change and courage displayed there did not reap the reward by
for the better with our foreign relations having which the siege of Sebastopol was fortunately crowned. I
taken place, rendered his task comparatively easy, think there was another siege, which, on a night like the
He contrasted the satisfactory state of the country on present, it would ill become the House of Commons to
the present occasion with that of former years, when pass overti in silence. (Ile mr.) Sir, loavi,nr nnoetntanfxorioeuxs,.
the Government and the people were in opposition
pura°nnatilionss°oefeatt:n''to casllt,upoosn
wthe Government
hich lem; tcit- the myste-
on some great question. Now the
people's rious catastrophe oTrlcOaamrs ; but I hope it is a subject upon
minds were centred in the war, and which the house and the country will req-uire the most
were ready to euppert the Government in Carry-
ample information. (Hear.) Let us at least, whether
ing it out with vigour, and until such time as they there be peace or war, let us express our sympathy for the
could get a peace. He trusted that what had been energy and courage displayed there; and at the moment
done by the allies would give an impulse to the when we are called upon to express our admiration of the
cause of freedom throughout the world, and teach great achievements which have rendered the name of the
Allies illustrious in the Black Sea, let us vindicate the
Englishman could but look with pride on the patient conduct of those who, though not crowned with success,
makeeser our a(lisent countrymen were at least crowned with glory in another place, and
fortitude, unanimity, and noble self-sacrifices that had
characterised the nation in every step in this contest. 1 itieheennifenel thhaot itisthe msnacneewsshis
Ministers were entitled to the best thanks of the coun- honoured, Sir, Sliretaltnteerretlyse Address try for the manner in which they had conducted the after the gracious expressions from her Majesty with regard
war since the trying and difficult juncture when to the impending negotiations, it is imeossible to resist the
fromw achieveshe Crown to-day,
they undertook to conduct the affairs of the conviction that the prospects of peace are most favourable.
country, and he must especially notify the It is true we may bo disappointed; it is true that upon
vigilance and constancy the noble lord at the head of this, as upon previous epochs in cur history, we may find
affairs had displayed since the formation of the present that when the cup has reached the lip the draught may
Government. He thought from all the circumstances that least,
be swallowed. All this I admit; but ;lye have,f atls
had come to their notice that the Cabinet of St. Peters- ienattetnhee..soattiaistfiaocntsioanboouf knowingtto e
b arttact oinf her
rth e conditions
burg was sincerely anxious to make peace. Russia ap- of peace of
which the noble lord is cognieant, but with
peered to him to be now much in the position of France which we a e unacquainted, may not effect that great rep
after the campaign of 1693. (Hear.) There were two suit which is generally expected and, I believe, desired, we
things he thought would be required of the Government have the satisfaction of knowing that her Majesty may ap-
-first, a resolution on their part to treat for peace only peal with confidence to her people for a renewed struggle,
so far as the details were concerned on the one hand, and that there is no sum that Parliament will not cheer-
but not to abate anything from the principles fully vote, and the people cheerfully raise, to vindicate. the
that had been laid down as the bases of the negotiations, honour and maintain the independence of this kingtlom.
and not to submit to any delay for the assembling or for (gear, hear.) Ittis!tp?n these conavicotuionn.s negotiatorsour
After the inti-
the carrying on the proceedings of the proposed con- wmiatieount;rromuptelille tteroirnelmtntanth lbay t • prospect of peace is one
ference---(loud cheers)—and he hoped that the country which I trust will not be disappointed. I agree in the oh-
would not have a repetition at these negotiations of that . servations of the gentleman lwao seconded the Address,
which occurred lastyear at Vienna, because he felt satiefied that the exhaustion of Russia is the beat security for us at
the people did neither want nor wish it, (Cheers.) They present, and I cannot but hope that we shall soon have an
wanted no diplomatic subterfuges, no circumlocu- authoritatively announced treaty of peace successfully corn-
tion, no reservation, but what they wanted was, that Pleted, and that that treaty will accomplish the objects for
Russia should be called upon, as soon as possible, to which the war was undertaken. (Hear, hear.)
accept the terms offered by saying aye or nay. (Cheers.) Lord PALMERSTON, who did not rise to address the
The second thing the people were anxious about was, house till it appeared that no other hon. member was in-
that during these negotiations everything should be dined to do so, said—Sir, I waited till the last moment,
done for carrying out successfully another campaign
because I was anxious, if any other hon. gentleman wished
should it be found necessary. I,: t them adopt the tone
and assume the attitude taken by William 111. during to express his opinions on the subject of discussion, to re
serve myself till I heard what might have fallen from those
the negotiations at Ryswick, and he had no doubt the
result might be peace, satisfactory because founded on who desired to address the house. I have to thank my
hon. friends the mover and seconder of the address for the
the principles of justice and truth, and one which might
display of eloquence, good feeling, and proper consideration perhaps preserve the peace of Europe during the life of
the youngest and healthiest of that assembly. But if of the subject which they made. (Hear, hear.) It did
they showed anxiety for peace by omitting preparations infinite honour to themselves, and was, I am sure, grati -
for war, and by giving way at the council board on fying to the house—(hear)--and I hope that they may be
points that the people believed to be virtually important, induced to favour the house on future occasions with simi-
by placing too great confidence in promises that might lar displays. (Hear, hear.) lam bound also to say that
be bioken and engagements that might be explained nothing could be more becoming the position which the
away, we should only render more protracted and more right hon. gentleman who has just sat down fills ion the
deadly the present war. The intelligence and modern -
house than the course he has taken on the present occasion.
lion of the people with respect to the terms of peace were
(Hear, hear.) I fully agree with him that, whatever may
as great as their energy and courage in war. Last year
not all the eloquence of the hon. member for Oxford have been said to the contrary, when great national ques-
could persuade them to listen to illusory terms of peace, tions are pending between the Government of this country
and now all the efforts of foreign refugees and agitators and the Government of other powers, so far from the pre-
atThome would alike fail to keep alive the flame of war, senco of Parliament being inconvenient or hurtful to the
when, as just and reasonable men, they felt they bad public service, it, on the contrary, gives strength to the
nothing to fight for. The terms of peace now proposed Government as long as the Government is pursuing a proper
were worthy of the alliance of England and France, and right course, and checks the Government if it thinks
commensurate to the disinterested exertions they had the Government is departing from the proper path of
made, and creditable to their armies. He thought they duty; and though I know that rumours
Governmenthavebeon gir-
afforded a most ample recompense to France and Eng- toulat!id thnat i.alt.si'iassmetnhte intedrition
the
ef thee,oita
onsfor
land for the efforts and sacrifices they had made in this
struggle. He believed that this war would nut onl peaca»,jrrcan assure this house that tilime. Government
y never conceived any such intention. (Hear.) I think it
open up new fields to the merchant, but would commence rather au advantageous coincidence that at the moment
a new era in time history of Europe, when might should when great questions are about to be treated there should
no longer be permitted to ride roughshod over right, be assembled the great council of the nation to give its ad-
and the most powerful and despotic of emperors should vice, if necessary, to the Government, and to support and
be made to quail before public opinion. The honourable strengthen them if required. The right hon. gentleman
member, who was cheered on resuming his seat, con- has, I think, very properly put before the house the course
eluded by seconding the address. which ho should recommend them to pursue. In the pm e-
Mr. DlSstate of these matters it would be unfitting to enter
RAELI immediately rose and said—Sir, T. feel inentot details and explanations of the particulars of the nego-
confident that lam only expressing the unanimous opinion tiations. Bats() soon as any step has been taken which places
of the house when I say that we must all agree with the the Government in a position in which it can consistently
hen. member who moved the address, who has spoken to- with its duty lay before the house a record of the condi.
night with such conspicuous ability—(cries of " hear")— Cons accomplished and agreed upon, it will be the dut‘evtitot'
when I express the satisfaction and gratitude which we the Governmentuilio i
utere
sttos . giveAl theete every e
sen informationtt
i e
that
i s consistentnot i n our
must feel to her Majesty for informing us this day, from power.p I concur with those who think'i that it is the duty
the throne, that her Majesty has acceded to conditions of the Government to urge this country to continue the
which, she hopes, may prove the foundation of a safe and efforts and sacrifices of war till they are able to obtain the
accomplishment of the objects for which it was undertaken.
honourable peace. (Hear.) I think that I Dan not less
(Hear No doubt the resourcems of this country are unina-
authorised by the feeling of the house when I also venture pairei.) Her military and naval preparations which were
to state that it is with no less satisfaction that we have going on for the last twelve months, which will be com-
heard, from the gracious speech, that her Majesty, in con- pleted in the spring, will place this country in a position
ducting the negotiations which must be the consequence with regard to the continuance of hostilities which she has
of having acceded to those conditions, will not lose sight e a
not stood
rotherefore since the commencement of the war. (Hear.)
ine reforeentitled to ex peat that another campaign,
of the objects for which the war was undertaken. Ido not if another campaign should be forced on us, will end ion a
feel that I should be warranted at present in any attempt success that might enable us to make even better conditions
to enter into any criticism of the terms which are referred than those which are at present offered and acceptedhboyeutso.
to by the gracious Speech from the Throne. We have, obtainea (Hear,
ahreea
sr .2o
hßut p ifro theBl conditions t
o
o objectsw c now
f 0 r
whichp
indeed, notwithstanding some information given us by the we contended, if the conditionsPr satisfyaresuch as we think it our
hon. mover of the address, at this moment no authentic duty to accept, and ea, we believe the country will be satisfied
information on the subject. There has, indeed, transpired with, we should undoubtedly be going beyond the line of our
in an irregular manner some information which, no doubt, duty, and should not be justifying the confidence which
has attracted great interest. But at the same time we have the country reposed in us, if we rejected terms of that de-
been informed that the terms there expressed are imper- scription, for the chance of further and greater success in
feet, that much is intended which is not there communi- another campaign. This is the feeling which actuated her
sated, and, under these circumstances, I feel it would not Majesty's government, We felt, Loa many others in this
only be indiscreet, but I confess that I feel it would be country, that though the chances of success in another
fruitless, even if it were expedient, to enter into any de. campaign are greatly in our favour, that though the enemy
tailed criticism of what is, after all, only a political hypq with whom we are contending is daily diminishing in the
thesis. lam not intending by these remarks to impugn amount of his available resources, whilst we are increasin
the conduct of her Majesty's Government because they in the means of carrying on the war, still we should not be
have not communicated to the country in an offioial, Cu- justified if we 'rejected overtures which promised a safe
thentic, and complete manner the nature of the conditions and honourable peace, merely for the purpose of gaining
upon which they intend to insist, in order to secure the greater success in another campaign. (Hear, hear.) I think
objects for which the war was undertaken. I take it for the country
will approve of the course we have taken. But
greeted that they have acted, under the circumstances in the country is in that condition, that if we do succeed in
which they were placed, with the wisdom which becomes obtaining, a safe and satisfactory peace we shall then reap
them on a matter of so great resPonsibility_t and, for my the fruits of the efforts and sacrifices which we have made.
own part, I will express a hope that the House of Corn- If, on the other hand, that end is not accomplished, and
mons will, under those circumstances, exercise that prudent we can show to the country that the failure is owing to no
but high-spirited reserve which, while it shrinks from fault of those who had the conduct of the negotiations on
ombarassing the Ministers on whom it is about to devolve our part, then I know there is that strength in the county
the fulfilment of the
,most difficult duties, wi 1, at the to continue the war—that strength and determination to
sense time, watch with the utmost vigilance—l say not carry it on in a just cause to its full accomplishment—that
with suspicion—the course of these proceedings. (Hear.) lam convinced that strength, when put forward, and that
Although, on the all-important subject of these impending spirit, whoa roused, will in the end accomplish those oh-
negotiations, it would be impolitic for the House of Com- jecte even if we should not accomplish them on the present
mons to enter into a protracted discussion, I will express occasion. (Cheers.) Sir, it is impossible to speak too
at least my own opinion that no little advantage is gained highly of the brave men whose gallantry, exploits, priva-
in the prosecution of these negotiations from the fact that tions, and sufferings have had so much justice done them
the Parliament of England is in session. Although I may by those who preceded me in this discussion. I quite
feel it to be my duty not to enter into a discussion of agree with the right hon. gentleman that we have every
the terms which the Ministers and the allies of her reason to be proud of the gallant courage and daring ex-
Majesty should insist upon in conducting these conferences, ploits of our troops, and that we have no need to continue
I cannot hut feel that the fact of Parliament assembling the war for the sake of acquiring snore glory in arms.
will exercise a sslntary moral influence on the conduct. of (Hear, hear.) Alma, and letterman, and Baleelava, aye,
these conferences • and I am sure that no Minister of this ' and the Redan, are exploits which do the highest honour
country will mistake our forbearance for indifference. to the courage and bravery of our troops, and prove that
There is another reason why I feel much satisfaction at the the British soldiers of the present day are equal to those
gracious assurance from the Throne to-day, that, in wise have been crowned with laurels in firmer wars.
attempting to conclude a peaco, the objects for which the (Hear, hear.) Therefore it is not for glory or victory that
war was undertaken will be the purposes which her this country need continue hostilities if the objects for
Majesty's Government will attempt to accomplish. We which we entered into the contest can be obtained by other
have had so many statements of a different character, and means. The right hon. gentleman alluded to an even
of a different spirit, from individuals in office, and some which undoubtedly mingles regret and pain with the sue
in the highest office, on that subject, that I confess I feel ceases of the war--I mean the fall of Kars. No doubt theme
great satisfaction, when those conferences are about to be could not be a greater display of courage, of ability, of per-
opened under auspicious circumstances, we have in a severance under difaculties and exhausted resources than
documents.li.. of finch august authority as that before me, a was exhibited by Gen.' Williams and the heroic defenders
atureenst of the business to be laid before that conference, of Kars. (Cheers.) But when that subject comes to be dis-
thi is the occasion of the greater satisfaction, that cussed, I hope to be able to show that no efforts of her
some time
other statements of 'De
il of authority had been made' Majesty's Government were wanting to prevent that un-
ago. It is- but short time ago—for on such 1 fortunate calamity--.a calamity, however, ursullied by
important subjects that period is not great which has anything like defeat, because it was victors
who were com-

STATE OF THE ARMY.

Major REED gave notice that on Tuesday week he
ahould move far a select committee to take into conside-
rition the present state of affairs connected with the
army.

pellet' to surrender to the enemy, not by force of arms,
but from an unfortunate want of resources. It was there-
fore a defeat more honourable than many a successful resis-
tance. I can assure the house that the Government have
taken every means to obtain the exchange of General
Williams and his brave companions, and whether we are
to have peace or war, I hope that that exchange will be
effected in the course of arrangements. Sir, I shall not
enter into those other questions of domestic interest on
which measures will be proposed to the house. I trust the
house will give the Government credit for a determination
not to lour sight of domestic improvements. though their
exertions have been mainly devoted to the preparations
for war. I believe the two can go on together. I believe
the measures we shall feel it our duty to propose will be
found to be conducive to the prosperity and improve the
resources of the country, and I trust they will receive the
early and attentive consideration of the house. The esti-
mates will be laid before the house in a manner to provide
for the exigencies of war in the event of peace unfortu-
nately not being concluded. (Hear, hoar.) We shall,
therefore, lay the estimates for the year before the house
framed upon a war establishment ; but we shall only
propose them for a short period of time, so as to give
the house the opportunity of reconsidering them, and,
in the event of peace being happily concluded, mak-
ing those deductions which the altered state of things
would necessarily render proper. I hope the house will
adopt the spirit in which the right hon. gentleman made
his address, and that its proceedings on this occasion will
be marked by unanimity, and an absence of those detailed
criticisms which, though justifiable in other circumstances,
may in great public matters, like those now pending, lead
to misconception and misrepresentation is other quarters,
and particularly abroad. (Hear.) I therefore trust the house
will follow the course of the right hon. gentleman, and
show to the world that whilst on the one hand the people
of England are desirous for the re-establishment of a
peace consistent with the national honour and interest,
they are yet so far determined to place that confidence in
those who, for the moment, are responsibile for the con-
duct of national affairs, that they will not impede or em.
barrass the progress of negotiations by premature discus-
sion, whilst they reserve to themselves that right, which
inherently belongs to the Parliament and people of this
country, of confirming the acts of Government, if they
believe them to be in accordance with the honour and in-
terests of the nation, or of upsetting them and replacing
them by other Ministers, if they believe that they acted
in a contrary sense. (Hear.) We trust that we shall show
that in the course of the negotiations we have not aban-
doned ary principle or foregone any object which the
country was entitled to expect us to stand by, and that
whilst we have shown a spirit of conciliation such as the
country was justified in expecting at our hands, we have
not arrived at the accomplishment of peace by a spirit
inconsistent with that which should animate a great na-
tion entering into a nogotiatiou like that now about to be
entered upon. (Hear.)
Mr. ROEBUCK said—l am at a loss to understand the
reasoning of the noble lord. The noble lord says that he
thinks the existence of Parliament during negotiations is
a matter of very great importance, and yet that it is not
to express any opinion with respect to those negotiations.
He tells us we are to put confidence in him, that he will
undertake to protect the interest and honour of the
country, and that Parliament can punish him in case of
failure. I think the punishment of a Minister but a poor
recompence for the loss of interest and honour. My view
of the matter is, that Parliament inhere to watch over the
interest and honour of England, and that although the
objects of the negotiations are not presented to them, yet
that they, in their deliberative capacity, knowing what
the interest and honour of the country demand, should
chalk out for the Ministers the course which they ought to
pursue. (Hear, bear.) The right hon. gentleman the
member for Buckinghamshire says that he also will not
enter into any disquisition upon the objects of these nego-
tiations, and for that he gives a very good reason—that he
does not know the principle upon which we are about to
negotiate: lam in exactly the same state of darkness as
the tight hon. gentleman. The noble lord has not told us
what we are to expect. He simply tells us to acquiesce in
his wisdom, prudence, and honour. But, sir, I have not
that confidence ; and, what is more, I believe this country
has not that confidence in the noble lord which he assumes
We have seen a great country brought imprudently
into a great war. (Opposition cheers.) We have seen that
war inefficiently conducted ; and it, becomes our duty to
see that we do not come out' of that war with disgrace.
(Renewed cheers.) The noble lord has talked of the ob-
jects for which we entered into war, but he has not told
us frankly, honestly, and candidly, as he ought, what those
objects are. Feeble and hatable as I am, I will attempt
to supply the place of the noble lord, nod I will tell the
house what I believe we entered upon the war to obtain.
I will further discuss the mode in which the war has been
conducted, and then we shall be able to appreciate the de-
gree of confidence which we ought to repose in the noble
lord. It appears to me that we entered into this war for the
interests of humanity. Russia ever since the reign of Peter,
miscalled the Great, has pursued one course of aggression.
By fraud and force she has extended her power and
dominion. Wo have looked on. We have shamefully
allowed her to pursue her objects without let or hindrance.
(Hear, hear.) But the cup which was filling became full,
and at last overflowed. In the East of Europe there
is a Power whose existence is of importance to this coun-
try. The dominions of Turkey are situated between the
acquisitions of Russia and our dominions in Asia. Once in
Constantinople, once in possession of the Asiatic territories
of Turkey, and Russia would be formidable to England in
India. Do not let us fancy that we can blind the world by
pretending ignorance. The world knows what we are fight-
ing for. Russia, in pursuance of her system of aggrandise-
ment, at length threatened the very existence of Turkey.
In violation of all the rules of iut.rnational law she crossed
the Truth. Then it was that England, taking fright at last,
saw that this tremendous Power was become dangerous to
her. We allied ourselves with France, and with that happy
alliance imagined we should be able to cope with this great
Power in the north of Europe. Therefore, I say the object
of the war was to prevent Russia acquiring such a prepon-
derance in Europe as would be injurious to France and
England. The interests of France and England—of Eng-
,
land more especially—are bound up with the civilisation
of mankind. The interests of England are the interests of
humanity, and everything which militates against her wel-
fare must militate against the interests cf humanity. The
dangerous aggrandisement of Russia was the cause of the
war, and to prevent that aggrandisement we entered upon
war at a moment when we were unprovided with the means
of carrying, it on. We sent a float into the Baltic, a gallant
and most magnificent fleet, but unhappily unfit for its pur-
pose. (Hear.) We sent an army to the Black Sea, and, as
if its destruction were intended, we chose for its encamp-
ment, in spite of all warning, the spot the most pestilen-
tial of any on the coast. We then, without any prepara-
tion, threw our army on the shores of the Crimea, and if it
had not been for the press of this country, backed by this
house, that army would have dwindled away and not a man
remained. The army of England would have been as a
thing of yesterday. It would have been spoken of as a thing
which had di 4appeare 1 from the face of the earth, and as
compensation we should have somebody's head offered to us.
The right hon. gentleman the member for Buckingham-
shire has alluded to certain observations which, though
not made in public, are not less influential. It is said
that we must enter into this peace because our ally, our
groat ally, our big brother, as he is called, chooses to lead
the way. Time has been when this country has stood
alone. Time has been when England has resisted the con-
quering legions led by the greatest warrior whom the world
ever saw. We stood alone against the groat Napoleon, and
we conquered him. Shall it be said that now, with all the
appliances of modem science—with a fleet never before
equalled, with an army greater than, any English general
ever commanded—we, who were able to cope with Napc-
leon, are not able to cope with Russia ? If such is the lan-
guage held by the Administration—if they are prepared to
yield just what is demanded of them—though the noble
leek acknowledges that at the end of the next campaign we
shall probably be in a much better position—then I can
understand the conditions under which we now--I will use
the word—sue for peace. Kars has fallen. Before the Re-
elan the English army has been repelled. The English nary
has come back a second time from the Baltic without a
single object accomplished. Our honourhas been tarnished.
Do not suppose I am speaking against the gallantry of our
army. I recollect what was said abroad, that it was an army
of lions led by jackasses, and I believe that to bo a correct
description. This is the condition in which we go for
peace, and if peace be obtained now, when with all these
sacrifices our honour is tarnished, will not Russia, I ask,
have reason to rejoice ? There have been arrayed against
her the two greatest nations of the world ; a fleet that has
made the seas as safe to them as this floor • au army of
four different nations, and I am told " We have taken
Sebastopol." Have we? Are we not still held at bay
there ? ,fro we not cooped up in a corner of the penin-
sula? and is not Sebastopol as far out of our reach es
it was a year ago? (Hear, hear.) And hall it be said
that this is a sufficient progress to be achieved by our
arms, and that this is a sufficient reward of our lab, ors? Sir,
I do not like to assume the character of a prophet, but
if a peace is to be preluded, Russia will be in Constanti-
nople in ten years. (Hear, hear.) And when she is there
the black Sea is hers, Asia Minor is hers, Persia will be
hers, Affghauistan will follow, and then she touches on
India. That is what we are afraid of—that is 'what she is
looking to, for the aggrandisement of Russia tends to the
acquisition of an Indian peninsula. Well, then, shall it
be said that when this northern avalanche threatens de-
struction we shall enter upon such a peace as we ate told
we are about to conclude? And now let me ask what pro-
tection it will give us against the aggression of Russia?
We have coined anew word—the " neutralisation" of the
Black Sea. Last year we were told, when the noble lord
the member for the city of London was made the scape-
goat—when the Four Points were derided—when the con-
ferences of Vienna were laughed at, and when the noble
lord retired, I might almost say ignominiously, from the
Administration of the noble viscount—that the terms of
Russia with regard to the Black Sea could not be listened
to. But I want to know what difference there is between
those terms and the proposed neutralisatiou of the Black
Sea? Dees it mean that the forts in the pos-
session of Russia in the Black Sea will be razed, that Ni-
colaieff is to be abolished as a fortress, and that we mean
the Sea of Azoff to he considered a part of the Black Sea ?
Suppose Russia chooses to build gun-boats at Nicolaieff.
Is that to be a casus Belli? and, if so, shall we get our
grand ally again ? These gun-boats will come into the
Black Set ; they will get under the guns of SeloIstor?ol, and
beyond our reach, and in 24 hours they will be in Coe-
atantinople. What is to
prevent it? Why, we are to
consuls in the Black Sea to tell us what is to happen. e
have
Ne-
gotiations aro to take place, protocols are to follow ; but
meanwhile the gun-boats are to be built and broughtled
under the guns of Sebastopol, and we shall be laughed
at for our pains. I want to know if we had another
and
campaign, if we drove Russia out of theCr,
if, discarding that pretended liberality which
ewe. mseave'e are
not going to take any territory from Russia, re to take
including
the Crimea from her, and erect the
principalities,didthat, shou'd we
Bessarabia, into a kingdom—
not then have some protec
these things we have now no guarantee. As
it
Constantinople aswas at
aagskai nisft fettueses.i a ?ja
sßiutt is, fortahlel
power of Russia is as intacttiointls
the beginning of the war. It is true that Russia has now
no fleet in the Black Seri, bat she
Nravetlyt,ebteigieinn
?tosbiur,ihtlhae
honour and interests of En gland
fleet of gun-boats, and where shall
in
this house, and it becomeesr our toadru'inyo‘
v vetch the
keepingv
r those
ef
y step that is taken and every
It is said that Paris is a desire
proposition
isk road©.
ee . v
perpetration
io interfere,of
a any
mischief,
in order that
able piece for these conferences, because it is so near; but
that is an additional
in
ionaalyr
nuteao only atop isytowpe theshould iip
ebut interfere for purposes of good. Parl,amout
will best watch over the interests of England by calling for
explanations at every step of the proceedings, and by giv-
ing blame where blame is deserved. We must ever re-
member
that we are dealing with a Power in which we can
have no confidence—which has schemes of aggrandisement
propounded a century ago, and ever since steadily pursued
by her rulers. I call upon this house to watch carefully
over the negotiators end the negotiations at Paris. (Hear.)
Mr. A. STAFFORD wished only to say a few words in
reference to the brave troops to whom the noble lord and
his right hon. friend hall paid so just a tribute. Since the

house septrated be had visited all the hespitele in the
East, even the most distant in the rune he was
bound to may that the improvement had far surpassed his
expectations. (Hear.) Not only every comfort, but every
luxury was now provided. (Hear.) In answer to all his
inquiries to found only expressions of satisfaction and gra-
titude to the country that cared so well for her soldier
sons. (Hear.) Ho could also, from his personal expeii-
once, bear his testimony to the excellent arrangements of
the transport ships ; nothing could be better than the ven-
tilation, clothing, and medical care provided on board..
This state of things must be highly gratifeing to the noble
lord and his Government, and also to the members of
the last Government, under whom many of these im-
provements had been organised and commenced. Whether
they were to have peace or war, they could now say to
every recruit on joining his regiment, and to every regi-
ment going on foreign service, that all the miseries of war
should be as much mitigated as is possible by the solici-
tude of the country.
Sir DE LACY EVANS would not have risen but in con-
sequence of some observations of his hon. and learned friend
the member for Sheffield. He had listened with pleasure
to the greater portion of his speech because he believed it
expressed the spirit of the people of the country, but he
differed from his representation of the motives which had
guided this country in entering into the war. He repre-
sented that they had entered into the war from a fear for
their territories in India—such was not the case. (Hear.)
It would be extremely prejudicial to the interests of this
country if foreign nations were led to believe that such was
the case. He was not insensible to the necessity of protect-
ing out possessions in India, but whatever designs Russia
might have on those territories, at the present time there
was not the slightest reason to be alarmed about them. Ho
believed that this country entered into the war with more
unselfish views, that she entered into it merely for the
puraose of maintaining national rights, and the progress of
civilisation, and defending the principles of public
(Hear.) The acquisition of Constantinople by the Russians
was felt by this country, and by the other governments of
Europe, to be most dangerous to the independence of Eu-
rope. So far from this country having a predominant in-
terest in preventing the advance of Russia en the Darda-
nelles, he believed France had a far greater interest in re-
sisting her, if she became mistress of the Mediterranean;
it was true we had a few rocks there, but had not France
a much greater stake in it, and was she not more interested
in preventing the advance of Russia ? England had a great
commerce, a great navy, and would be the last power in
Europe to be endangered, or to feel the influence of the ag-
grancEsement of Russia, and it was therefore still more to
her honour that she should be the moat ready to maintain
the interests of humanity in the war. He confessed he was
rather surprised at the speech of the right hon. gentleman
the leader of the Opposition ; it might become the right
hon. gentleman as a past, and perhaps future, Cabinet
Minister to exercise great pru.'ence in treating of these
topics, but he could not approve of the course he had
adopted that evening. The noble) viscount rejoiced that
the nezotiations ware to be carried on during the session
of Parliament—if so, he (Sir De Lacy Evans) could not
understand why they were to be silent. It appeared
from the speech of the noble viscount that there was a
reasonable prospect of peace, bet on conditions the very
minimum of what could by possibility bo admitted ; it was
therefore important it should be known to Europe that
although this country was so convinced of the advantages
of peace as to be ready to except it, yet she was as ready as
ever to follow up the war, and that her resources, instead•
of being exhausted, were rather becoming more developed.
If peace was to be made on the lowest conditions, it was
important Europe should know that our resources had as
yet been but inadequately developed, and if the war was
carried on would display themselves with greater power
than before. (Hear.) The military force of the country
had not been put forth in any adequate degree, the Minis-
ters even had not equalled their estimates by their per-
formance. The estimates for last year had been 1 0,00
men for the line, 2 aOOO artillery and engineers, and 70,000
native troops, but the performance cf the Government had
fallen far short of that estimate. Oat of two hundred thou-
sand men (excluding those in I ndia) voted, not quite one
hundred thousand were available, the full number had not
been raised, and of the rest many thousands were in dis-
tant colonies, doing mere police duty. He would not then
go into the conduct of the military departru nt, as he tin-
derstood the estimates were soon to be brought forward,
which would afford him a more legitimate opportunity.
He had no knowledge of what the proposed conditions
were, except as they appeered in certain public organs, hut
he confessed he did not see in them a secure peace; he did
not say there was eo concession made by their opponent,
but the only power that appeared likely to gain was Aus-
tria. who had expended nothing in the contest. He could
not but admit that the prestige of England had been mate-
rially injured (hear, hear, and no, no)--and it was
deeply to be lamented that she was not to obtain some
advantage to compensate her for her sacrifices. When the
war commenced it was declared England desired no in-
crease of territory; but it did not thence follow that she
should not endeayourto force an aggressive power t restore
some of her acquisitions. Were the allies to seek for a
slice of Bessarabia, when it was only thirty or forte years
since the whole was seized by Russia without the slightest
ground ? After the course taken on the opposite side, it
was useless to enter on the general question, but he thought
it was of importance to impress strongly on those engaged
in the negotiations, that England did not enter into them
from any want of power to prosecute' the war. (Hear.)
The hon. awl learned gentleman (Mr. Roebuck) had very
properly called attention to a time when Eeglant was in
arms against a much greater power than Russia, when she
was opposed to the greatest warrior that had appeared in
modern times. Its reference to that point, he (sir Do L.
Evans) would say that, should any unexpected cause
induce their great any to accept by herself an inemeniate
pacific solution of the question under consideration, the
navy and military power of England would, he believed,
be amply sufficient to enable her to continue the war with
the utmost advantage to the world.
Lord J. MANNERS said be felt that tho circumstance '
of the noble lord (Palmerston) having spoken, entirely pre-
cluded him from saying one word in the way of criticism,
either on the conduct of the war, or in regard to that
diplomacy which was expected to issue in peace. On
that subject be quite concurred in the remark of the
right hon. gentleman the member for Buckinghamshire,
that the house shoukl regard the negotiations as if they had
no existence at all. The hon. mover of the address, who
had expressed himself with so much force and ability, said,
with regard to the five points which had been under
discussion, not only that he himself was in favorer of them,
but that he believed the great majority of the people of
this country woul l be perfectly satisfied with a peace con-
cluded on that basis. Now, while he (Lord J. Manners)
did not, as he had already intimated, wish to enter into
any discussion whatever as to the nature of those pro-
posals, he must guard himself against being supposed to
consider them as fulfilling the objects for which the
country entered into the war. If it turned out thst those
oronosels secured the independence and integrity of the
Turkish empire in Asia as well as in Europe ; if it turned
out that they secured the independence of the eastern lit-
toral of the Black 'Sea, as well as of the western ; if it
turned out that they would restore the prestige which this
country had unquestionably lost in Asia; if it turned out
that they would bar the march of Russia to Constantino-
ple through Asia as well as through the Danubian Princi-
palities, then, indeed, should he concur in the eulogy which
had been passed upon thorn by the hon. gentleman, and
he should rejeice from the bottom of his heart that a peace
of that nature were the result. But if, on the other hand,
the great object for which this country entered into the
war were not secured by a peace "ISA on these proposals
—if Russian prestige were not diminished in Asia ; if Con-
stantinople would still be open to Russia by the same
route that Marshal Diebitch took in 1827-28, and Gen.
Mouravieff might take now ; if Turkey were not secured
in her eastern as well as in her western territory ; all he
could say was, that he would express no opinion in favour
of such a termination of the wee—should feel no gratifica-
tion at a peace which was conclu led on so inefficient and
unsatisfactory a basis. (Cries of "Question.")
Sir H. WILLOUGHBY was anxious to call the atten-
tion of the house to a single point, which appeared to him
to involve a constitutional principle. He understood the
noble lord (Palmerston) to say that there was an advan-
tage in that house sitting while the negotiations were
going on. Now, he had always understood that the entire
responsibility of such negotiations rested with the execu-
tive, and that that house oueht not to meddle with titans.
(Hear.) It should, therefore, be thought, be distinctly
stated what were the intentions of the Government with
regmel to the matter. Did they mean to place on the
table of the house, from time to time, the various docu-
ments relating to the negotiations on their own responsi-
bility, in accordance with the principle which had hitherto
regulated the negotiations of this country wittif,reign
powers? If a now principle was to be adopted, the sooner
that seas understood the better ; but, for
believed it would not be safe to abandtmth,hen it
oldo rule,sw
thaton
ui
the executive must carry on the negotiations
responsibility. (Hear.) Of corsegafter is own part, he
the negotiations
bad terminated, the house would take whatever course it
might consider best for the interests of the country.
Lord PALMERSTON—Thehon member appeare to
have entirely misunderstood me. What I meant to say
and what I think I did saiv, was,to difficult and important
negotiations, to have I that it is a great support
to a Government, inPerlin"t e
nriu-u, ig
nt assembled, in order that
if it wants the support of Parliament it may apply for it,
support to be granted, may immediately
and, supposing
continue the negotiation. • 9 with the, strength which is to be
derived from the great council of the nation. Is e dis-
tinctly that ittat I rtelateu
intentiononcl M
of her ajest 's Go-
(erh-
rnent not to shrink from the full responsibility the-
con titution imposed
uponthem, of conducting the .nego-
tiations with which they are charged. I never meant to
throw upon
the house that responsibility which belongs to
her Majesty's Ministers. (Hear.)
Mr. HADFIELD hoped that in the important'negotia-
tions which were about to be carried on the commercial in
.
terests of this country would not be neglected. After all
thesa
as
sfices which this country had made there did not
yet to be a single stipulation with reference to
appearose interests, and as it was by means of the commerce of
tLe country that such great contests as the present one
were maintained, he thought that c rmmerce was entitled
to great consideration. Attention to such matters would
do more than anything else to prevent the recurrence of
even
war, and to secure prosperity not only to themselves, but
among nations. to their enemies, by promoting " peace and good will"

SCITLLY complained that whilst her Majesty's
speech dwelt on ♦arious matters which were interesting to
England and Scotland, it did not contain the slightest allu-
sion to the only subject on which the people of Ireland had
taken an absorbing interest during the last three years.
The address was then agreed to.

- --
On the NE W
WRIT.
motion of Mr. J. ILSON, a
a new writ was ordered to be issued for the election of member for the
borough of Tamworth, in the room of Captain Townshend,
who has been called to the House of Peers as Marquis
Townshend.

The house adjourned at half-past 7•

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

DURHAM, JAN. 29.
At a Convocation holden this day the following de-
grees were confelred :
Doctor of Divio,ity.—Rev. Robert William Bilton
Horoby, B, U.University College.
Masters of Arts.—Rev. Charles. Edward Stuart Coi-
ling
w"( 1 8.A., University College ; Rev, Richard
Chaffer, 8.A., University College ; Rev. Charlee Dale
Trotter, 8.A., University College ; Rev. Henry James
%att.ford, 8.A., University
Bachelor of Arts.—Ernest Bristow, University Col-
lege ; Rev. George SVillia n Lowe, Bp. Hatfie'd's Hall ;
William Joseph Thompsom, Bp. Ha,tfiold's Hall ;
Richard Wood, University College.
A grace was passed for setting the University seal to
certain leasei.