The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-23 00:00:00

S N JANUARY 23, 1851.
7

appointed to the Royal Victoria and Albert yacht at
Portsmouth.

how they may he constructed without costing a
farthing, without borrowing, and without paying a
fraction of interest on any loan. Moreover, we will
prove that they may be rendered a large source of
permanent revenue to the Company.
Let it be assumed that some given line was de-
termined upon, and that the estimate was fixed at five
millions sterling. The ordinary process would be to
apply to the ruling capitalists of the money market to
supply the funds on the security of the East India
Directors, they consenting to repay the loan at a cer-
tain date, and to pay interest on it yearly or half-
yearly. Supposing that interest were 5 per cent.,
and the principal were returned in twenty years, it is
clear that the railway would have cost ten millions
starling, since the interest in that time would have
equalled the principal.
Now, what induced the lenders to accept the secu-
rity of the directors ? A faith in their responsibility.
It is a transaction of pure credit. On what basis did
this trusted responsibility of the directors rest ? On
the known fact of their being possessed of the terri-
tory of India, rich in every description of produce,
and protected by a powerful and disciplined army of
260,000 troops. But if this territorial possession
were deemed a good security by lenders, which is im-
plied in the argument, or the loan would not have
taken place, is it not an equally good security tothose
who actually construct the railway ? The security
in fact is not in the directors, but in the land and pro-
duce of India, of which they are the trustees and ad-
ministrators. Why, then, should they borrow at in-.
terest ? Why borrow at all ? Why not create the
instruments required, instead of seeking them on the
Stock Exchange ? They hold the real property,
which is the true guarantee of the loan ; and out of
the reality they are quite competent to create its sym-
bol or representative. In a word, let them issue their
own currency, on the basis of their own property, in
the shape of railway notes. If they can be trusted to
redeem a debt contracted in gold by the return of
gold out of the land and produce of India, why should
not they be trusted to redeem their notes ? In what,
except in the nature of the instrument, does the
signature on a skin of parchment differ from a sig-
nature on a piece of paper ? Surely the one is as
valid as the other, for the validity of both depends en-
tirely on the real property of those by whom they are
signed.

Surgeon—William Loney, M.D. (1845), to the Apollo,
8, troop-ship, et Sheerness, vice Robertson.

Master's Assistant—William Haydon, to the Bos-
cawen, 70, guard-ship of ordinary, Chatham.
Clerks—William H. J. Brown (1849), from the Birken-
head, 22, steam store-ship, to the Arrogant, 46, steam-
frigate, at Portsmouth; W. P. Burdwood, to the Queen,
110. flag-ship on the Mediterranean station.
Clerk's Assistant—John Cowley, to the Pandora, at
Devonport.
The Argus steam sloop is under orders to be navi
gated to-morrow from Woolwich to Portsmouth, by the
crew that navigated the Rosamond to Devonport, under
the charge of Lieutenant Robertson. Lieutenant Ro-
bertson will also proceed in charge of the Argus.
CIiA.TEIAIII, JAN. 22,—The Horatio, steam guard-ship,
has been put out of dock, and the Cumberland, 70, fitting
for the flAg of Admiral Sir George Seymour, G.C.8.,
taken in for the purpose of having considerable altera-
tions made in her internal fiVings; and to have an in-
crease in the number of her cabins for the accommoda-
tion of the officers. During the last fourteen days,
upwards of 200 blue jackets have joined this ship, which
is to be ready for sea on the 15th of next month.
Rear-Admiral Francis Erskine Loch has been pre-
sented with a very handsome silver box by the officers
and men of Standgate Creek, as a token of their gra-
ti.,u,re for his uniformly kind superintendence whilst in
charge of the quarantine establishment. Admiral Loch
went to sea with Lord Keith in the Queen Charlotte in
1799, when his Lordship proceeded to the Mediterra-
nean as commander-in-chief, to relieve Lord Nelson,
and was one of the three fortunate midshipmen saved
from that ship when she was destroyed by fire off
Leghorn.

RAILWAYS IN BRITISH INDIA.
(From the Journal of Industry.)
When the Marquis of Dalhousie had received his
appointment of Governor-General-of India, he is re-
ported to have said that instead of seeking to gratify
ambition by territorial conquest, he would endeavour
to elevate and enrich both England and India by
extending the cultivation of cotton. Few Englishmen
appreciate at its real worth the vast importance of
our Eastern possessions ; yet we venture to affirm,
after very careful investigation, that British India
possesses a wider and richer field for industry than
all our foreign trade united affords, provided the
resources of the country were fully developed; nor
need we ever fear that a commerce there commenced
would be checked or degrroyed by hostile tariffs. The
great industrial want of India is facility of land
transit—rapid, safe, and economical—readily to be
supplied by a judicious system of railways. Every
man of experience admits this fact, but the difficulty
we undertake to demonstrate, beyond all cavil or
quibble, that a complete net-work of railways may
intersect the whole of India without the intervention
of an ounce of gold, and without the cost of a single
farthing either to the natives, or the people of this
country. Of the practicability of this plan, we shall
presently give the most decided evidence ; but a few
prefatory remarks, addressed to those who are imper-
fectly acquainted with this brightest jewel in the
crown, may not be inappropriate. The following
table exhibits in a short compass the area of land and
the population of the most important Presidencies:—
Population
per Square
Square Miles. Population. Mile.
Bengal
Agra 88,900
Madras 141,923
672
Bombay
India pays to the India stock-holders 10i per cent.,
has a revenue of 20,000,0001., a maritime trade va-
lued at 30,000,0001., and supports an army of 260,000
men. Including those directly subject to the Com-
pany, and the subjects of tributary and allied princes,
the whole population may be fairly computed at
150,000,000, which is nearly equal to three-fourths
of the entire population of continental Europe. Now,
if these people had the means of turning the natural
riches of their country to the most profitable ac-
count, and only consumed per head, British commo-
dities to the value of five shillings in a year, this
would create an export trade from England to India
of nearly 40,000,0001. annually. The vessels to
carry out such freights and return cargoes, with the
vast industrial ramifications which would necessarily
branch out from so gigantic a commerce, may easily
be imagined; and though we are well aware that the
internal administration of India admits of very
many other improvements, besides the introduction
of railways, especially the abolition of the cruel tax
on salt, yet it may be affirmed that iron roads are au
absolute necessity to enlarged and prosperous trade.
In proof of this we shall cite a very competent au-
thority;* but it is right to observe that since the
pamphlet from which we quote was written, the
means of internal communication have been improved.
" A reference to the map of India shows that the
cotton growing districts on the Nerbudda, and those
of Nagpoor and Amrowty, in Berar, are remote
from Miraapore, the entrectee on the Ganges, lying
between Benares and Allahabad ; and the mode of
conveyance may be thus described. The cotton is
brought on oxen, carrying 100 pounds each, at the
extreme rate, in fine weather, of seven miles a day for
a continuance, and at a price of about five shillings
for each 100 miles. If we take the average distance
to Mirz spore at 500 miles, each pound of cotton
costs in transit about twopence-halfpenny. It has
thence to be borne by water carriage nearly
800 miles further to Calcutta, from which port the
exportation of cotton to England at a profit must be
looked for in vain. Within the last seven or eight
years, a good road, between Jubalpore and Mirza-
pore, has been formed ; and it is satisfactory to know
that although 400 carts only passed over it in the
year after it was built, no fewer than 6,000 went along
it in 1838; and this number will daily increase. The
misfortune of this road, however, as regards the cot-
ton trade, is that it only commences half-way be-
tween the cotton districts and the entreptst. The
article, therefore, has necessarily to travel 250 miles
on oxens' backs, and the contract for conveyance ex-
tends to the whole distance; so that, in fact, for all
beneficial purposes to the cotton trade in that quar-
ter, this excellent road is almost useless. In order
to render it available, it should be completed to
Nagpoor and Amrowty. Were this effected, and
the transport of carts substituted, as we may be sure
it would be, it would diminish the expense of con-
veyance alone, from twopence halfpenny to less than
a farthing a pound. The calculation is simple. An
ox carries 160 pounds at the rate of seven miles a
day, in fair weather only, for a continuous journey
of one or two months. In the absence of a defined
and good road, a drove of several hundred head of
cattle requires to be constantly watched and pre-
vented from straying. on the march ; and this leads to
the necessity of travelling by day in the hot weather
when the thermometer is seldom less than 100 degrees,
and frequently 130 degrees Fahrenheit. These
droves are never so few as 100, and often exceed
1,000. Every morning, after daylight, each ox has
to be laden ; and before the operation is over, the sun
is already high above the horizon. The cattle have
then to proceed at the slow rate of two miles an hour,
and seldom perform a journey of more than eight or
nine miles a day. The horde generally halts one day
out of seven. If the caravan is overtaken by rain, the
cotton, becoming saturated with moisture, is so heavy
as to prevent its transport on the cattle, and the roads,
if lying through the cotton ground, are so deep, that
men even sink above their ankles at every step, and
cattle to their knees. It may easily be supposed that
under such a calamity, the merchant and the carrier
are both ruined."
It is obvious that such a mode of transit is fatal to
the trade in cotton, absolutely essential to our
ore required for their
manu-
lecturing districts, now mam,lywhdeerpee,nfdreoirt
yonearthtoe
supply
Railways, therefore, are imperiously
demanded to develope the lucrative source of indus-
try ; and considering that our possession of India is
oy
weanrftahcfetr
oorm
article
i es.
the
sUmn lot
re
ed
aSti tda t
me s
re,
in the rapid and
easy conveyance of troops, and the transport of the
I these iron roads
hitiagrhyeattresearsuvi
wouldchi efproveon e
oo
ff
the l
heavier munitions of war. They would prove far
more effectual than frontier garrisons against a foreign
enemy, and the best defence against any internal in-
surrection; nay, their existence would check both
designs, as it would be known that an overwhelming
force could in a few hours be concentrated on any
menaced position.
In Bengal, in the annual relief, infantry regiments
march on the average ten miles and a half per diem,
halting six days in a month, so that it takes a very
considerable time to journey from point to point.
With railways a regiment might travel over as much
ground in a few days, as months are now required to
accomplish, and without fatigue. We have practical
evidence of the utility of iron roads in military emer-
gencies in the disturbance at Cracow, which happened
a few years since. On that occasion an Austrian
corps of 921 men were transported from Prague to
Olmutz, about 160 miles, in fourteen hours and a
half; and a body of cavalry, of 1,500 men, with horse
and baggage, made the same Journey in twelve.
Compared with ordinary marching, the saving of time
was computed at nearly nine days.
It were easy to multiply proofs of the invaluable
benefits which a well-organised system of railways
would confer on British India; but the illustrations
offered must suffice, for our main purpose is to show

But it may be asked, is there any precedent for
such a transaction ? Can any example be given where
such a plan has been proved to be practical, safe, and
profitable; and where the end sought to be realized,
has been accomplished ? We answer all these questions
in the most decided affirmative, and defy contradic-
tion to the following statement in the slightest parti •
cular

About the year 1821, the people of Guernsey de-
termined to build a meat-market. The estimated
cost was 4,0001. The legislative body of that island
is called the " States" (Les Etats), and they sanc•
tioned this expenditure. Some habituated to the
old routine proposed to borrow the money at interest,
but the President of the States, Daniel De Lisle
Brock, a man in all respects far in advance of his age,
repudiated this proposal, reasoningthus :—" Our island
is honestly worth 4,000,000/. sterling, and is, there-
fore, a most ample guarantee for 4,000/. ; if strangers
would think this a good security for them, we ought
to think it a good security for ourselves; why not
then lend ourselves the money, and save the interest
which strangers would require ?" This advice was
acted upon. The States sanctioned the emission of
4,000 11. notes, which were numbered, and marked
on their face " Guernsey Meat-market Notes," and
they were declared a legal tender within the island,
discharging all debts and liquidating taxes due within
the insular jurisdiction.
The market was commenced, and, as the work
progressed, the contractor was paid instalments in
these notes ; with these he paid for wages and mate-
rials. They were freely taken by the shopkeepers
for goods, and by them paid to landlords for rent.
Finally, the treasurer of the States accepted them in
payments of taxes. They were thus in constant cir-
culation, fulfilling the functions for which they were
issued. These notes were essentially and exclusively
a local currency—they were never exported, because
they were of no use to foreigners, not possessing any
intrinsic value, but deriving all their authority from
the " States," the representatives of the people, by
whom, fur the acknowledged benefit of the people,
they were put into circulation. The merchants and
tradesmen of Guernsey who owed debts to foreigners,
paid them by bills upon London or Paris, so that this
local currency in no respect interfered with their fo-
reign trade, the balances of which were always dis-
charged in the money of the country where those
balances were due.

In due course of time the market was completed,
and we proceed to describe the mode in which the
notes were redeemed. The market was divided into
eighty shops, and each butcher readily paid the trifling
sum of 51. a year as rent. These payments of course
yielded an aggregate annual rental of 4001. At the
expiration of the first year's tenancy, this sum was
handed over by the butchers to the treasurer of the
States, who, by public notification, announced his
readiness to cancel 400 of the notes in the order of
their numbered issue. These were accordingly
brought into the treasurer, and before him and func-
tionaries duly appointed, they were burned. This
process of extinction was continued for ten consecu-
tive years, when all the 4,000 1/. notes were extin-
guished. The market remained, and remains to this
hour, an eternal monument of the financial and ad-
ministrative genius of Daniel De Lisle Brock, who
out of a symbol created a reality.
But more remains to be told. After the building
notes were cancelled, the rent of the market con-
tinued, and continues to this hour, yielding a revenue
for local purposes. Thus the market was built with
out subtracting one solitary farthing as principal or
interest from a single Guernseyrnan, or a single
foreigner. No burden of debt exists, and an annual
income of 4001. (less the cost of repairs), is secured
in perpetuity without the imposition of a farthing of
tax.

This is no fable. A full record exists of the
whole transaction in the archives of Guernsey,
and any sceptic may have his doubts removed by
crossing over to the island erom Southampton in ten
or twelve hours.

Now here a great principle is established, and the
East India Company knay as readily carry this prin-
ciple into effect, in constructing railways in their do-
minions, as the States of Guernsey did in building
their meat-market. If the land and produce of
Guernsey were a good guarantee for 4,000 paper
notes, surely British India is a good guarantee for
auy number of millions of notes that may be
needed for forming iron roads ? In one case as in
the other it is equally easy to create the reality out
of the symbol. Why should the directors degrade
themselves by begging the loans of bits of bullion from
the money-mongers of the Stock-Exchange, and incur
the cost of paying them interest ?
Nothing would be more easy than the redemption
of the railway notes. After defraying the charges
of superintendence and management, some surplus
would remain out of the fares from passengers and the
tolls from commodities, and whatever that surplus
was, it ought to be applied from year to year to the
extinction of the debt. Assume, for the mere sake of
illustration, that it was five per cent. ; this would ex-
tinguish all the notes in twenty years, and ever after-
wards the profits would form a part of the Indian
Revenue. This is a most moderate estimate, and far
below any calculation that we have examined.
Moreover, it must be remembered that by this plan
no interest whatever would have to be deducted from
the profits of the undertaking. •
Men of common minds wait for opportunities;
men of great minds create opportunities. Lord Bacon
said, " Aut inveniam viam, aut faciam ;" " I will find
a way or I will make one." It does not become the
East India Company to be the servile followers of
precedents ; their responsibility is immense, and
while it is their duty to avoid rash experiments, they
are bound to act upon tested discoveries. We have
given proof of the practicability, safety, and usefulness
of the plan here submitted to the calm judgment of
the directors. We have placed in their hands an
instrument of gigantic power, whether it be used for
military or commercial purposes. The trust in them
is of the most serious magnitude, being no less than
the defence of India, the development of its industrial
resources, and the progress of true civilization through
our Eastern empire. They are the guardians of
150,000,000 of people, who look up to them for the
improvement of their condition, and it will be a slur
on their administration, if they refuse to construct
railways in their possessions, unless they can obtain
permission from the bullionists ; for what is the value
of all the gold in the world, compared with the value
of the soil and products of India ?

ALADDIN.

CAUTION.—The editor of the Albany Knickerbocker
says that he found the following advertisement stuck on a
lamp-post in Canal-street : —" Strayed or stolen, my wife,
Anna Maria. Whoever returns her will get his head broke.
As for trusting her, anybody can do so who sees fit; for as
I never pay any of my own debts, it is not likely that I will
lay awake nights thinking of other people's.—Jatnes Q.
Dobson.
WHAT IS TO lIE DONE WITH THE POPISH HIER,-
ARCM' P—The Pope may easily translate his prelatas into
Latin. We would suggest, as appropriate sees, the Arch-
bishopric of Alibi, and the Bishoprics of Alicubi,
Übilibet, and Quocunque.--Punch.

Major-General
* The Cotton Trade of India. By
Briggs. 1840.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAT.
TIMES.—The renowned designer of the Crystal
Palace, in a letter to Lord John Russell, proposes a
plan still more novel and magnificent than that mar-
vellous structure. It is nothing less than that, with
the exception of l!he first fortnight, and the Wedness
lay in each subsequent week, the Exhibition shall be
absolutely open tee the world. It is the World's Ex-
hibition. As the first feast of reason and flow of
soul the whole .world has been invited to, as the
great picnic contributed by seven thousand
enter-
prising persons k7om all nations of the earth, as
the greatest occal lion which this empire is likely to
produce for acmes time, and its chief return .for the
sights and hospital lities of its neighbours, we should.
says Mr. Paxton„ throw open our doors, and literally
keep open house to the world. England, he further
intimates, will packet a good deal by the show—the
Chancellor of the. Exchequer himself coming in for a
share of the spoil.. Why, too, he asks, should we add
to the serious expenses which our visitors must neces-
sarily incur ? Mae admission money presents itself
to Mr. Paxton's Keuerous imagination in the hateful
form of a tax-3 tax upon knowledge, a tax upon
light, a tax on the liberality of the seven
thousand contrioutors. He asks that the whole
multitude, whether from Arkansas, or Siberia, or
Bethnal-green, may have free course through the
labyrinth, to go in and out at all hours Of the day,
without the aid of the odious silver key with which
the private show is unavoidably vulgarised. He would
have the Exhibit ion as open as our churches—opener,
indeed, than they are in reality. How, also, are the
poor mechanics tend their families to afford the num-
ber of visits req'ttired for a promenade of wonders
twenty miles lon ? There is something very seducing
in the idea. It was klr.T,axto,n_who suggested to
the Duke of De' ronsliire to throw open every room
in Chatsworth a 'ter the Queen's visit, with all the
furniture, ornaments, and curiosities exactly as her
Majesty had seem it. That experiment wms attended
with remarkables success, both as to the number and
as to the behav four of the visitors—the solitary ex-
ception proving, in its sequel, the strongest reason
for trusting at I east a provincial multitude. Well,
Mr. Paxton is e vidently a man of grand ideas; but
grand ideas are mot always practicable, and we. very
much fear that V tis is not. We question whether the
building, three-4 fifths of it being tilled with counters
and cases, and having from east to west only one
grand promenadie and two very narrow ones, will
allow as many as. fifty thousand persons to circulate
freely about it. 'With that number we apprehend
there will be her n and there such an accumulation as
to be inconvenit ant, even to a well. disposed crowd,
and such as may afford opportunities to the ill-dis-
posed to do various sorts of mischief which we need
not particularise.. Now, any Monday, we will not
say also Tuesday, there are at least a quarter of a
million men and boys idle in and about this metropo-
lis—the greater part of them " on the lark," and just
as ready, weather permitting, to stroll to Hyde-
park as to the nearest public-house. Now we are
not going t( ) speak harshly of a London
mob. Everybtaly knows that when a mob does
mischief, it is Lof so much the mob as some very
small but very active knot of men in it. In fact,
there is a husk r Ind kernel in every such mob ; the
stupid husk men fly looking on, and the kernel acting
under the cover tof the husk. But who is to distin-
guish the kerne 1 from the husk ? Fifty thousand
Monday idlers f rom the manufactories of London,
mixed with a fey r thousand who admit of no descrip-
tion, would be way awkward customers for the Exhi-
bition, however :numerous, knowing, and judicious
the police. In point of fact the place would be at
their mercy, and as the plunderers would operate is
the heart of an it tnocent crowd, entangled in twenty
miles of cross pass ages and twenty acres of valuable
commodities, we hardly see how any force, military
or constabulary, could act well upon them. So long
as the circulation is free there will be no danger,
but with a quart sr of a million, or only a hundred
thousand, besiet Ong the place, pressing in, ac-
cumulating whether innocently or otherwise, the
circulation would not always be free. Nor do we
see how it could be kept free without continual orders
to " move on," s vhich would make it impossible to
get more than tl lan a cursory glance at the objects
exhibited. Unquestionably there is some degree of
risk in the admi!ision of a crowd under the most fa-
vourable circumstances. Croakers have all sorts of
misgivings,—robl:ery, insult, girders breaking, in-
fection, and we know not what besides. Now, we
think we could an swer for any multitude likely to
be in at one time on payment of a shilling ; for a
perfectly free mob we would rather not be bail.
Should Mr. Paxton obtain the Parliamentary grant
that would be necessary for 'his purpose many
millions would prey for the Exhibition without the
pleasure of seeing it. What is fairer than that
they who see sho aid pay ? After all, a shilling or
two, or even five shillings, will constitute but a small
part of the expenses which the visitors must be at
in travelling, board, and lodging. Very few foreigners
will have to spend less than 51., and very few
of our countrymen from the manufacturing dis-
tricts less than 21., if they are ever so economical. As
for families, they can only have a peep. The weary
long visit, made fox economy's sake in one day, which
Mr. Paxtoa talks of, and which he kindly wishes to
split into half-a-dozen visits at leisure, will be una-
voidable in a vast proportion of cases on account, not
of the shilling, but of London expenses. The object
is to make the visit worth a shilling; and a visit, with
room to move about or stand still—which you please
—with equal comfort, will be better worth a shilling
than a squeeze in a mob will be worth saying " Thank
you" for. As for our fellow-townsmen, it will be
very hard if they, being at no other expense, and
haying nothing but advantage from it, cannot afford a
shilling or two fortheir own entertainment. If anybody
is to pay, the Londoners ought. As we have observed
already, they are so numerous that the shilling
will be of service in keeping them back a little. It
should be considered that there is time and conveni-
ence to be taken into account as well as cost. If ad-
mission be gratis, there will occasionally be such a
mob that many thousands, after coming up from the
distant parts of the metropolis, not to say the United
Kingdom, will not be able to gain admission on any
terms—a disappointment which may be equivalent
to the loss of many shillings. But with the shilling
" tax" on admission, it is much less likely that
the building will ever be so full as to require the
doors to be closed against fresh visitors, except per-
haps for a very short time. Of course we have to
take care, or rather the Commission must take care
for us, that they do not, for a nominal freedom,
create a very unpleasant and useless monopoly.
If the mob are to have possession of the building five
days out of six, and if they attend in the numbers we
expect, they are likely to have it to themselves; and
all the better sort of visitors, ready to pay their shil-
ling, and able to turn the Exhibition to the best ac-
count, will be put to a serious inconvenience. The
single shilling day will be of very little use to persons
—perhaps ladies—who have come up from a distance
for a week or ten days, and who will only just ma-
nage two days in which they can see the Exhibition
with comfort and advantage. All this we grant is
speculation. The question is open to much diversity
of opinion ; and the experience of May may stultify
the anticipations of January. But it is better to
begin on the safe side, and the safest side by far we
hold to be to require from every visitor his fair con-
tribution to the show, which we need not say will, in
this case, be very well worth the money.
ADVERTISER.—The question of Papal aggres-
sion, though it has been in comparative abeyance for
some time past, will, before the lapse of another fort-
night, come again before the country under circum-
stances of profound interest. Ministers, from all we
can learn, are not prepared to take up that position
on this question which both the necessities of the case
and the dictates of a sound policy would suggest.
Something, we are told, is to be done to repress
..MERICAN CLIPPER SHIPS FOR THE CHINA.
Popish audacity and check Popish ass
correctly I T
_RADE.—h Eclip •
in England ; but Ireland, if we be eis just been built by- sirealbsetzhewnailmliaemofs.aoplpsypiellria smh
si
iff)
utrhga t 1
for tt
umptiona
Thomas Wardle and Booth and Edgar. She is now loading
informed, is not to be touched.ur 0"
in Peck-slip, having been in
to be treated as if nothing red which
had in which dry dock for coppering, and is
could in any way affect her. The
others,lsession
infer- to sailh on the 10th proximo for California and the East
Indies, She is another of the fleet of rapid sailers that have,
prevails in quarters where, of all
exist
is, that the 'within a recent period, been launched from the New York
motion might be supposed t
ed for...dealingwith I ship-yards to compete with English vessels for the trade of
introduced
measure which is toOriental ports. Her length is 200 feet, and she registers 1,225
country, will not make
Popish insolence in
thise the position in which tons. Her arrangements are very complete. The
accom-
the slightest reference t b
the recent c
Ire- modations for her crew, in particular, are excellent, the fore-
land has been placed.aggressions castle being placed on the main deck, and suitable pro-
of the Roman Pontiff On what ground the vision made for lighting, ventilating, &c. The cabins are
have arrived at this strange elegantly finished with satin and zebra woods, relieved with
Whig Cabinet
p" azure and gold. The Eclipse is commanded by Captain
determination,
and startling __ we have yet to learn. ' Joseph Hamilton. Captain Hamilton's former ship, the
We are curious to. be informed on the point. The I South Carolina, was the first of the California fleet that
Whig Administration have never yet enjoyed the re- reached home, she having arrived at Boston on the 17th of
putatro
•e of being wizards ; they but will deserve to 1 Februarywith of copper from Chili. By invita-
last, a cargo
be so regarded, if they can convince the Protestant i tion from the owners of the fine new clipper ship Sea-serpent,
people of these realms, thatwhile Popish
ecclesiastics •
Grinnell and Minturn. a select company partook of a coils'.
hat vessel last Saturday, previous to her de-
are to be prohibited, under h •and l •
eavy pains pena ties, toe on board
pasture for San Francisco and Canton, on the 10th
1 600
from assuming the title of archbishop or bishop of proximo. 1,200 out of the. tons she is capable of
any place in England, the Popish prelates cf Ire- receiving are already engaged. IT cargo will consist prin-
cipallv of goods suited to the San Francisco market. Having
land are to be suffered to enjoy their ecclesiastical
arrived there she will unload and replenish herself with
disti • notions without being in any way interfered roods to meet a ready sale at Canton; and, after
with. The fact is, that it was a grievous error, in having crossed the Pacific, will take in a stock of Chinese
the first instance, ever to have allowed the abettors ; merchandise, and sell it at London ; at London she will load
of Popery to assume Irish titles in the sister
for the fourth time, with goods for the American market, and
borne, perhaps, at the end of eleven months, with her
country. It is customary to ascribe the recent act come
first
cost
paid for out of her first trip. She is commanded by
of Papal aggression, which bas convulsed England Captain Howland. There are now
about a dozen elegan
from its centre to its circumference, to the progress clipper vessels owned in New York in the Canton and colt-
which Romaniem, under the name of Fuseyism, has Rallis trade.—New l'ork Journal of Commerce.

IRELAND.
THE LORD MLYOR'S INAUGURATION BANQUET.
DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY illoaNiNo.—Last evening
our new Lord Mayor, Arthur Lee Guinness, gave
hi 3 inaugural dinner in the great room of the Man-
sion-house, built originally for the purpose of the
civic dinner given to George IV. It is no exagge-
ration to say that the whole entertainment—whether
as regards the Costly furniture and decorations, the
rich character of the wines and viands, or the stand-
ing in society of the great majority of the guests—
was such as this city has not seen equalled for many
long years. _lndeed, it was well described by the
Lord-Lieutenant in his speech, when he said that it
was a " princely entertainment—a scene of munifi-
cent hospitality, such as he had seldom seen equalled
and never surpassed."
LAW ADVISER TO THE CASTLE.—Mr. J. Perrin
has been appointed law adviser to the chief secretary,
vice Mr. Christian, Q.C., resigned. Henceforth the
office will not be deemed a stepping-stone to higher
offices. The Learned Gentleman who shall fill it will
have little more to do than answer crooked questions
put by county magistrates for their guidance at petty
sessions.

DEATH or LORD TAYLOR.—Captain Lord Tayler,
of the 49th Regiment, died at Fermoy, on Monday
last, from the effects of the bursting of a blood-vessel.
His Lordship was highly esteemed by his brother
officers, and by tha men under his command. His
remains are to be this day removed to Cork, to be
removed to the family burial-place in England.

' TREMENDOUS CONFLAGRATION.
Yesterday morning at a few minutes before seven
o'clock a fire of a very destructive character, con-
' sumiug before it was extinguished a vast amount of
property, happened in the spacious premises belong-
ing to Mr. Robert Whitaker, playing-card and paste-
' board manufacturer, Little Britain.. The property
has five floors in height, including the basement, the
front forming two of the large houses in the public
thoroughfare, whilst the main factory was a building
nearly as capacious and contained an equal number of
floors, the entrance being by a-flight of stone steps.
The discovery was made by an apprentice who slept
in the second floor of the front premises. The upper
story was termed the enamelling compartment; the
whole of the floors were lighted with gas, and the
heat was furnished by German and register stoves.
Owing to the great amount of paper, cards, and
boards is the building, the apprentice at once
saw that un!ese the flames were quickly stopped a
fearful conflaeratioe would knew. He aroused the
two sons of Mr. Whitaker, ho were sleeping in the
front premises, and sounded an alarm through the
neighbourhoed. Fire ese3pe2, engines, and police-
men were quickly on the spot and in active and fear-
less operation ; but in spite of their efforts the total
loss by this disastrous event must, at a moderate cal-
culation, reach some thousand pounds, for the whole
of the manufacturing premises are completely de-
stroyed, the upper portion of one of the front ware-
houses is burned out, the whole of the back rooms of
the two front houses are partially destroyed, and the
valuable stock in trade seriously injured by water.
Fortunately, the principal part of the valuable designs
which have taken some years to accumulate, have been
saved ; but for a time the whole of the workpeople—
numbering upwards of forty—will be thrown out of
omployment. Mr. Whitaker was insured in the
Union and Phoenix Fire-offices. Not the least idea
can be formed as to the cause of' the misfortune. Mr.
Whitaker, jun., informed the reporter that when he
examineii the premises after the men had left off work,
he did not perceive the least appearance of fire in any
part of the buildings.
Independent of the loss sustained by Mr. Whitaker,
the following premises have also been damaged :
No. 11, Little Britain—Mr. A. S. Hill, wholesale
&e., seriously injured by
druggist; stock in trade,
--Mr. Sotheran, filter-maker;
water. Insured in the Phoenix and Globe Fire.
offices.
damaged by fire and water, and
No. 12, Little Britain
and contents in the Alliance offices.
hasty removal.
premises seriously
stock in trade by Insured, building
in
maankdewr,abtearv.e sustained trifling injury
No. 15, Little Britain, belonging to
Mr. Steel, a boo
No.the Gauaranddian,
-'Ne. 2, Little Montague- t M
by hasty removal
cour. r. Rayner, a
cabinet-maker , • premises much damaged by fire and
water. Insured in the Sun Fire-office.
A