The Sun.
London, England, 1851-02-05 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING. FEBRUA

to 3s 2d for 30 to 40 per cent over proof. Jamaica is
not cheaper; shippers and home dealers, however, ope-
rate with caution. The value of plain and mid quality 30
to 33 per cent over proof is 2s Bcl to 3s, good to fine
33 to 38 over 3s 23 to 4s, and choice sorts 4s 2d to 4s 6d.
For Leeward Island the rates demanded are 13 8d to
Is 9d proof, operations are, however, upon a limited
scale. East India has been purchased with reluctance
at is 6d to is 7d, but supply remains small. Brandy
continues to be operated in with caution ; on the part
of merchants there is, however, firmness and
the rates demanded for Cognac best brands of the
vintage of 1850 are 4s 4d to 4s 6d, 1849 ditto 4s 7d to
4s 9d, 1848 ditto 4s led to ss, 1847 ditto 5s 2d to 5s 4d,
and inferior sorts 3s to 4s 3d. Geneva is yet is 7d to
Is 9d, and fine is 9d to 2s, but there is not much doing.
British-made Spirit in good request at 9s 8d to 9s 9d,
and Gin at 8s 3d for 22 per cent. under proof.
METALS.—Operations in Pig Iron have been imma-
terial, and more desire is evinced to sell Scotch at 42s
6d to 43s for mixed numbers; at 43s 6d to 44s 6d for
number one; Welch and Staffordshire 503 to 70s per
ton. For common Welch Bar rates are however firm at
41 lis 6d to 51, Rails at 51 s to 5/ 10s; there is also no
decrease in demand, and no accumulation of stock. On
the spot Spelter is to be obtained at 161 2s 6d per
ton; few buyers are, however, to be met with; and
the contra concluded for delivery are of little
moment. Although prices rule high for Tin, yet large
transactions have taken place ; British Block and Bar
at 88s to 89s; Refined 92s to 945; and East India 87s to
87s 6d. Tin Plates have met with greater attention; one
C Coke is not to be obtained under 28s 6d, and Charcoal
ditto 34s per box. In the Copper market much firmness
exists. Lead is in excellent request, with not free sellers
of British Pig at 171 lOs to 181, and Sheet at 181 lOs to
191 per ton. For Swedish Steel the rates paid are 15/
to 161., and several purchases have been made.
Tarzow.—A good business has been transacted in
Russian on the spot, and prices rule firm—fine new Yel-
low Candle realized 37s 6d to 37s 9d, old 373 to 37s 3d
per cwt. For delivery in March and April several con-
tracts have been concluded at 37s 9d to 38s, there are
not free sellers. Operations, however, are of little moment
for delivery in the last three months of the year, and
the rates taken are 38s 6d to 395. Rome melted does nut
improve in value, and is quoted at 37s nett cash, but
large parcels have been disposed of. In other sorts
more has been done, but not at an advance. At auction
943 casks of Australian were disposed of at from 36s 6d
to 37s 9d for low to fine, and 100 casks South American
35s 6d to 37s 3d per cwt. For public sale 2,200 pkgs
are declared.
Ores.—A reduction has taken place in prices of
Southern Oil, and dealers have operated with caution.
At auction 80 tuns were sold at 331 5s to 351. In the
market for Seal much dulness prevails, and there is a
further reduction. At auction 50 tuns pale went at
34l 15s to 351. Cod is offered at 384 few buyers are
however to be met with, and the stock is accumulating.
Sperm met with little attention, and must be quoted
rather lower. At auction 32 tons were sold—first sort at
851 to 851 55, low 801, and headmatter 921 per ton. Prices
are further depressed for Linseed Oil, supply being
still on the increase, and shippers or home dealers
not much disposed to operate. The value on the
spot is 32s 6cl to 335, and for delivery 33s 3d to 33s 6d
per cwt, there is, however, an improving consumption,
and no further reduction is looked for. Rape Seed is
yet operated in with caution, prices also continue to
give way, on account of larger supplies, and for brown
rule at 355, Refined 36s 6d, Foreign 37s 6d, East India
brown 345. Cocoa Nut is not cheaper, but continues to
be operated in with caution, and the market is well
supplied. Of 500 casks at auction a part only sold;
Cochin 31s to 32s 6d, Ceylon 29s to 30s, and Sydney
27s to 28s 6d. Of Ground Nut Oil some parcels have been
disposed of at 35s 6d; and Gingelly 34s to 34s 6d. There
is yet little doing in Olive, but lower rates are not taken;
Gallipoli selling at 431 to 43/ 10s, and other sorts 411 to
42110 s per tun. The value of Palm is 29s per cwt for
fine, and a good demand prevails.

gent a difference, when the House will naturally desire
to respond with unanimity in the adoption of the Ad-
dress which I have the honour to second.—(Hear, hear.)
Her Majesty congratulates her assembled Parli ,ment on
the continuance of peace; and when we reflect how
much the prosperity of the country is stimulated by
peace with foreign states—how much misery is
averted—we must rejoice in the fact that the con-
viction is generally and deeply felt that peace
should be preserved at the risk of everything
but good faith and national honour.—(Hear, hear.)
Nor can I resist the pleasure of stating my deep convic-
tion that human skill and ingenuity are largely contri-
buting to its permanent continuance. The great mecha-
Meal power of the age, that important agent of civiliza-
tion, steam, by uniting the distant portions of Europe,
and consequently binding in ties of friendship and
friendly communication distant states, will render them
naturally desirous of peace, while the terrible impetus it
gives to the destructive power of armaments renders their
use more unfrequent end and dreaded. Her Majesty has
graciously stetsd her conviction that recent treaties with
Brazil render more hopeful the extinction of the slave
trade.---(Hear, hear.) Whatever may be the difference of
opinion amongst lion. Members as to the mode in which
this a ill be ultimately effected, in this I take it we are all
agreed, that we earnestly desire:the utter abolition of this
accursed traffic, and that we shall all rejoice when it shall
be read of only in the history of the past.—(Hear, and
cheers.) Her Majesty also congratulates her assembled
Parliament that, notwithstandieg the large reductions in
taxation, the revenue will be satisfactory, and also on the
state or commerce and manufactures, and the consequent
general employment afforded t. the working classes.—
(Hear, hear.) Results are the sole tests of legislative
measures in the long run. Last year duties were re-
pealed or reduced to the extent of about a million and
a half. It is true they did not affect the
revenue until part of the year had expired,
but still they caused at the least a reduction
of a million ; yet, despite of this, the national
revenue bas suffered no reduction—(Heer, hear)—it
has even exceeded that of the last year, and the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer is in the happy position of
having a surplus at his command.—(Hear, hear, and
cheers.) Now, the question arises, why has not the
revenue proportionably decreased? I apprehend there
can be but one answer—the prosperous condition of the
people, and consequent increase of consumption, hare
swelled the receipts.--(Hear,) I take one item as
strongly elucidating this position. The duty on sugar
was reduced one shilling per cwt. The consequent loss
to the revenue, taking the consumption of the preceding
year, should have been 311,454/., but it resulted in a loss
of 9,1801. only, a good practical reason for
reducing other items of large consumption where the
duty presses heavily, and one which I doubt not will have
its due effect in future fiscal arrangements.—(Hear,
hear.) In a few days the returns of the Board of Trade
will be issued. The returns of the first 11 months of
1850 will enable us to anticipate the results.—(Hear,
hear.) The exports for the first eleven months of
1848 were
••• 44,407,9121.
1849
••• ... 54,089,8091.
1850
"• ••• ••• ... ln what did this increase consist? Prin6ocipallys2s/ in British manufactures, cottons, woollens, linens, silks,
and hardware.—(Cheers.) This increase has taken
place, too, under most unfavourable circumstances. The
great staple is cotton—at least the great employing ar-
ticle is cotton, but, in the cotton-producing states of
America, last year, there was a short crop, and' arise of
price of full 75 per cent. over the price of the early part
of the preceding year was the consequence.—Hear,
hear.)
.. For inetance, Orleans cotton was in January,
1849 .
1850 ••• ••• 4id. per lb.
•.•
„. 70. „
It is well known that a rise in the price
of cotto., rapidly
diminishes consumption.—(Hear, hear.) It did so con-
siderably in this instance, but owing to two circum-
stances the effect was much mitigated. Ist. When the
material is dear the best quality is always run upon by
manufacturers, as, for a smaller quantity in weight they
get the higher price; our skill in the application of ma-
chinery, and the high character of the machinery itself,
has enabled us in finer fabrics to surpass all competition
—(Hear, hear)—and the consequence was, that with all
our disadvantages we partially shut up the American
mills and gave our people full employment.—(Hear.)
2nd. Full employment secured good wages—(Hear,
hear)—and good wages and cheap food enabled
the industrial classes to dress well.--(Cheers.)
The foreign market and home consumption kept the
mills going, and I find 50,000 more hands were em-
ployed in the factories in 1850 than in 1847—the gross
numbers being in 1847, 544,876; 1850, 596,028.
(Hear, hoar.) It may be said that the high price of
fabrics helped to swell the amount of exports, but, in
point of fact, quantity was in excess in reference to
cloth; while in yarn there was not only a decrease in
quantity but in value, the increased value being prin-
cipally in labour.--(Hear.) I have the statistics to refer
to, but will not weary the House by doing so. Now, if
our manufacturers have accomplished a result so grati-
fying under unfavourable circumstances, what might we
not have expected had the cotton crop been
a full one, and had the price of the raw
material continued low ? Instead of 50,000 hands, we
should have employed three times that number.—(Hear,
hear.) The low price of cotton brought us through
the year 1847—the high price of cotton acted adversely
in 1850—and here I must pause for a moment and ask,
how important is it that we shoull be energetic in our
endeavours to get the railway communications of conti-
nental India executed ?—(Cheers.) We are depending
on one quarter of the world only for the means of em-
ploying our operatives in the cotton factories, when we
should be blessing our fellow-subjects by the
activities of commerce, and have a fresh market to de-
pend upon, and that, too, the home. I desire also
to advert to the gratifying fact that the increase of fac-
tory hands, to which I have referred has not been ob-
tained at the sacrifice of infantile energy.—(Hear, hear.)
There has been a ieerease since 1834 of 20 per cent. iu
the children employed, and an increase of 81 per cent.
in the adults.--(Hear.) I think it cannot be denied that
the poor of every class are better fed and clothed than
they have ever been. If I refer to the poor-law record,
I find that the number of able-bodied paupers have
largely decreased during the year, and the amount of
general relief has been largely lessened. True, some of
the agricultural districts are exceptions, and on which I
shall be called on presently to speak. If I refer to our
criminal records, I find the facts to be equally gratify-
ing. In the city of Manchester the returns of persons
apprehended for crimes in the three last years are, in
1848, 6,587; 1849, 6 277; 1850, 4,687. The West Riding
of Yorkshire, in its criminal prosecutions, shows a
similar result. I now come to another result of the po-
licy of the present and the last Ministry. Two years
since London was crowded with deputations ardent in
deprecating any interference with the navigation-laws.
Fortunately for themselves and the country, their en
treaties did not avail. They returned to their localities
to rejoice in the inert me of the shipping trade rather than
to mourn its gradual extinction.—(hear.) It is very true
the entrance and clearing of foreign shipping has in-
creased, but it is equally true that British ships have
also increased. I will admit all details of numbers of
ships and tonnage which I have before me for the first
eleven months of 1848, 1849, and 1850. I give you the
gross increase of tonnage the first eleven months of 1849
and 1850:

1848 ••• ••• ... 132,150
1849 ••• 161,527
1850 ••• ... 185,255
The increased' consumption has fully kept up prices too
in Scotland. I have now before me the prices current of
Smithfield, Glasgow, and Liverpool for the last two
years, but I need only refer the House to Mr. Porter's
admirable work, just published, and there it will be
found stated, on unquestionable authority, that beef and
mutton are dearer new than they were in 1843, 1844, or
1845, which were years of protection.—(hear.) I have
also before me the statistics, with which I will not weary
the House, of the meat and stock carried by the principal
lines of railway, which proves most unquestionably that
our own farmers have in the three last years produced
much larger quantities of steck. I have shown the con-
sumption is larger than ever, and I ask them if there
is not solid ground for the belief that though there must
be suffering in the transition, yet agricultural interests
will be based on a solid, substantive foundation, and
that it will depend on legitimate courses of prosperity,
and that agriculturists will carry out all their engage-
ments with the sympathy of every class of the commu-
nity, with no fear of distrust taking the place of mutual
confidence, but with such a union of all the interests of
the country as shall be the best guarantee of commercial
greatness and domestic strength.—(Cheers.) It I am
not trespassing too much on the time of the House, I
desire to call its attention for a few moments
to the cheering prospects of progression in Ireland,
which I doubt not wid eventually be a source of strength,
and contribute her quota to the general welfare.—(Loud
cheers.) Iler comparative advance in industrial pur-
suits in the last sixteen years has been much greater
than in the sister portions of the kingdom, Scotland and
England.—(Cheers.) The number of persons engaged
in cotton, silk, and woollen factories, I find has incr.( ase d
158 per cent., while in Scotland the increase has been
51 per cent., and in England 67 per cent., and I find our
cotton and fix manufacturers alone give employment
to 350,000 persons at the present time, and that
300,000 females are employed at sewed muslins,
the cost of which is almost entirely labour and profit.
On turning to agriculture, I find the prospects are even
more cheering. Capital is flowing into the country;
land is being rapidly consolidated from the old and
vicious state of conacre to farms cf from 100 to 200
acres. In proof of this, I need only refer to Captain
Lercom's returns; large breadths of land are being sown
with cereals, the vela., of stock is increased, and that '
too much neglected bnt most valuable link between the
aericulturist and the manufacturer, flax, is being more
extensively and profitably cultivated; and I note with
hearty pleasure the great easlernees of the people to es-
tablish packet-stations manufactories., as evidencing the
desire which is always the precursor of success. We see
also in Ireland the railway making its natural capa-
bilities available, and rapidly opening up its
resources. Soon will its most distant parts be placed
in ready communication with England ; and here, Sir,
I cannot but regret that the advice of a late illustrious
statesman, whose loss we deplored near the end of the
last session, has net been more extensively carried out,
and especially that the city of London, to whom we look
fur the initiative in this matter, has not prosecuted her
intention bee and a public meeting. That corporation
holds very large estates there by the favour of former
Sovereigns:—(Hear, hear.) They possess, therefore,
a personal interest in the country, and I had hoped
to have seen large tracts of country vested by purchase
to them and to other corporate bodies, who could
invest capital largely, and who, while blessing their
country by the enterprise, would have left a valuable in-
vestment to their successors, and an enduring monu-
ment of their patriotism and public spirit.—(Hoar,
hear.) I cannot but point with admiration to the con-
duct of a brother of the Noble Lord the Member for
Evesham. He has turned a desert into a garden—a
large estate from which no rental was derived into a re-
munerative property.—(Loud cheers.) He deserves
well of his country, and his conduct is worthy of imita-
tion. There are most false impressions abroad as to the
Irish character. I know from personal experience that
if you pay the Irish labourer well, show him you care
for him, and he is the most faithful and bard-working
creature in existence; but if you find him in one part of
his native country working for fourpence per day, paid
in potatoes or meal, and that where most of
the misery exists, can we wonder that the results are as
we find them? but give him legitimate occupation,
remunerate him for his services, show him you appre-
ciate those services, and you may be sure you put an end
to all agitation. He will be your faithful servant, and
the loyal subject of his Sovereign.—(Cheers.) I trust I
have, Sir, been able to show, though ineffectually, that
the tone of trade in the whole country is healthy, sound,
and rational—(Hear, hear) —the manufacturing inte-
rest busy and prudent—the people better fed and clothed
than ever; that the agricultural interest must share in
the general prosperity—(Hear, hear)—and with an ear-
nest desire that all the wishes of our most gracious and
much-loved Sovereign may be fully realised, I turn
briefly to one or two other points in the Address,
asking the House before I pass to the next
subject to congratulate it, and through it the nation
which it represents, on the satisfaction with which we
can look forward to the visit of the world to the metro-
pelis.—(Hear, hear.) We cannot show our visitors
that which some other nations could have shown them.
The treasuries of art are not ours pre-eminently. In
much that would have qualified and refined taste we are
deficient, but, Sir, we are by no means deficient in theme
things which constitute the well-being of a nation.—
(Hoar, hear.) We abound in the evidences of substan-
tial greatness—of permanent prosperity—of genuine
freedom—of the Sovereign's generous sympathy with
the people, and of the people's intelligent devo-
tion to the Throne—(Loud cheers)—and com-
mercially, while we fear no competitor, we court
reciprocity, and I believe this great meeting, while it
tends to our well- being as a nation, will conduce to the
peace and happiness of the world.—(Cheers.) Her Ma-
jesty in her ;gracious speech next refers to the assump-
lion of certain ecclesiastical titles, and to a Bill to be
hereafter laid on the table of the House, and on this
point I trust that the wording of the Address will com-
mend itself to all.—(Hear.) No 11"". Member, by giv-
ing his assent to this Address, is bound to any subsequent
course of action, nor can I think that Hon. Members
profeseieg the Boman Catholic faith are by it committed
to any course of proceeding until the Bill to which
it refers is laid on the table of this House.
Her Majesty refers to a fact patent to all,
and while we all feel bound by every tie to protect the
civil and religious liberty of the subject to the utmost,
we are all equally bound, by our devoted loyalty and
love to our Sovereign, to protect her prerogative from
aggression of every kind also, and that to the utmost.
We are not called on, Sir, to any reactionary course;
the antecedents of the First Minister of the Crown are a
pledge more than sufficient to the most timid mind, that
while he would constitutionally preserve every right of
the Crown, and her Majesty's civil supremacy, and
while he will oppose determinedly the introduction of a
code of laws alike opposed to the rights of the Queen
and the civil liberty of the subject, he will not sully his