The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-24 00:00:00

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LONDON, FRIDAY 'r-r z 12 ~,,...- ,4- , ,
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cl,t ._ . OCTOBER 241 1851.
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PUBLICATIONS.

NEW WORK BY CAPTAIN SPENCER.
Just ready, in 7 vols. Bvo., with Illustrations and a valuable Map of
European Turkey, from the most recent Charts, in the possession
of the
RAVEL AustrianS IN and TurkishEUßOPE ANTUR Governments, revised by the
KE AuthYor,
T,
In 1850;
Through Bosnia, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Routnelia, Albania,
and Epirus ; with a Visit to Greece and the lonian Islands, and a
Homeward Tour through Hungary and the Sclavonian Provinces of
Austria on the Lower Danube.
By EDMUND SPENCER, Esq.
Author of "Travels in Circassia," &c.
Colturn and Co., Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street.
Orders received by all Booksellers.

Just published, in one large and elegantly-printed volume, royal
Bvo., embellished with a Portrait of the Author, price One Guinea,
bound in cloth and lettered,
Tl-1 B 1i HYME 800 K.
By HERCULES ELLIS, Esq., Barrister-at Law.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans ;
Dublin : Dully, tl, Wellington-quay.

PARLOUR LIBRARY, Vol. LXVIL, for NOVEMBER,
Will contain an Original Work of fiction, entitled,
T" TWO FRIENDS ; or, Life is Earnest.
A TALE. By MARRIOTT CLIWIELD.
Price Is. in boards, or Is. Gd. in cloth.
Simms and Wlntyre, London, and Belfast.
Of whom may be had, just completed,
CHATEAUBRIAND'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY, from his Birth to
the Restoration of the Bourboas. .Two vols., 12m0., price ss. cloth.

PARLOUR LIBRARY, Vol. XII., REPRINTED.
Price ls. in boards, or Is. 6d. in cloth, containing
ROSA and GERTRUDE, and MY UNCLE'S
LIBRARY. By IZODOLPII TOPFFER.
Also, by the same Author, may be had,
1. The PARSONAGE. In two vols., price 2s. in boards, or in one
vol., pride 2s. cloth.
2. TALES and SICETCIIES. Is. boards, or Is. Gd. cloth.
Simms and lirlntyre, 13, Paternoster-row, London and Belfast.
Sold at ali-the Railway Stations,

,
• Just published, price One Shilling,
K'OSB U , T H—His Career, Character,
and Companions.
-
L. Bogue, 86, Fleet-street ; and all Booksellers and Railway
Stations.

Just published, in one vol. post Svo., cloth, 10s. Gd.,
TIIE PASSIONS OF ANIMALS.
By EDWARD r. momrsoN,

Author of " Note-Book of a Naturalist," &c,
This voluble is worth any dozen of systematic natural history
books we know, for variety, curiosity, intelligence, and amusoment.'i
—➢lorning Advertiser.

ADKIEL'S ALMANAC for ] 852.
Twenty-second Year. Thirtieth Thousand !
Fate of France, Ireland, Italy, Rome. More wonderful Revela-
tions through the Magic C►ystal. The Pope and his Destiny. Let-
ter to Lords John Russell, Rosso, and Wrottesley. Numerous Wood-
cuts. Striking Hieroglyphic. Fulfilled Predictions.
Published by A. Hall and Co., London.
Price Sixpence, post free Tenpence.
Sold by all Booksellers.

GUILDHALL, BOW CHURCH, AND LONDON ANTIQUITIES.
THE BUILDER, No. 455,. for Saturday, Oct.
25 (published this day), price 4d., stamped 5d., contains :
Archmologists in London : Bow Church, St. Mary Aldermary ;
Gerrard's Hall—Fine View of the Cloister Court, New Houses of Par-
liament—An Account of the Guildhall of the City of London—Me-
thods of inscribing any number of Circles in a Circle, with Diagrams
—The Common Sense of Gothic—Jurors' Awards in the Great Ex-
hibition—Enriched Gothic Mouldings—Steam Power Carpentry—
A hint to Architectural Authors—Tribunals of Commerce —Brum-
magem Architects' Charges, &c.
Office, 1, York-street, Covent-garden.
And sold by all Booksellers in Town and Country.

CIOUGH JUJUBE LOZENGES.—These valu-
ableN_J JUjubes are composed of the most approved expectorants,
with pure gum, which, by relieving the irritation in the air passages,
present a safe, agreeable, and efficacious medicine in all CAS4B 01
Asthma, Bronchitis, difficult Respiration, Consumptive complaints,
and all other affections of the chest and lungs.
Prepared and sold wholesale by WARWICK BROTHERS, Lon
don, and retail by most chemists and druggists throughout the
country.
Price Is. 134(1. per box, with directions.
Also proprietors of the ACIDULATED CAYENE JUJUBE LO7,
ENGES.

COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL.
Yesterday a Court was held for the dispatch of
public business.
REFORM OF THE CORPORATION.
Sir PETER LAURIE gave notice of the following
motion, which, he said, it was his intention to bring
forward when the report from the Freedoms Com-
mittee upon the Corporation Reform Bill should be
introduced to the Court :—" Tbat so much of the
proceedings of this Court upon the report of the
Freedoms Committee, as affects the important prin-
ciple ,now possessed by the freedom householders of
this City, with reference to the choice of their own
magistrates, be rescinded. That so much as relates
to the periodical election of magistrates (a principle
hitherto unknown in the history of this City) be also
rescinded."
Upon the motion of Mr. Deputy HARRISON (the
chairman of the Freedoms Committee), instructions
were given to the committee to cause the Bill to be
printed, and copies to be circulated amongst the
members of the Corporation, previously to its intro-
duction to the Court.
TIIE RECTORY OF ST. JAMES, DUKE'S-PLACE.
The LORD MAYOR informed the Court that he had
received a letter from the Rev. Charles Marshall, in-
timating the Reverend Gentleman's resignation of the
Donative Rectory of St. James, Duke's-place.
Mr. Marshall's resignation was accepted.
His LORDSHIP also stated that he had received a
letter from the Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers,
calling upon the City to appoint four commissioners
to act upon that commission, in conformity with the
directions of the Act.
Upon-the motion of Mr. JOHN WooD, it was de-
termined that the appointment of the four commis-
sioners should take place at the next Court.

EXPECTED ARRIVAL OF KOSSUTH.
Mr. Gurna begged to be allowed to give some in-
formation to the Court upon a subject which he knew
was one of great interest to its members. lie had
just received a letter from Southampton announcing
that the vessel which was conveying the illustrious
Kosmith to this country was in sight of that port.
ACCOUNTS OF THE CITY COMMISSIONERS OF SEWERS.
Upon the motion of Mr. Deputy PEACOCK, the
three auditors of the accounts of the Commissioners
of Sewers were re-appointed for the performance of
the duties of the ensuing year.
Mr. FREEMAN (the chairman of the Coal, Corn,
and Finance Committee) brought up a report re-
commending that a grant of 1051. be made to the
Roy al Female Philanthropic Society.
THE SHERIFFS' COURT.
Mr. LART brought up a report from the Officers
and Clerks Committee, of which he is chairman, re-
commending that the Court should authorise the com-
mittee to appoint a clerk accountant in the office of
the Sheriffs' Court, in which it was stated there existed
much confusion, in consequence of the vast increase
of business, and the inadequate means which at pre-
sent are available for its due performance.
LODGING HOUSES FOR THE LABOURING POOR.
Mr. T. H. HALL (the chairman of the Improve-
ments Committee) brought, up the following report,
to which, on account of its great public importance,
he requested the particular attention of the Court :
" To the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and
Commons in Common Council assembled. We whose
names are hereunto subscribed, your committee in rela-
tion to improvements within the City, do certify that
your Honourable Court having been pleased to refer to
your committee the consideration of the propriety of
erecting baths and wash-houses, and of lodging-houses
for the poorer classes of society, in connexion with the
improvements undertaken by the Corporation, we have
from time to time proceeded in the consideration of such
reference, and did, en the 13th of February last, report
to your Honourable Court that a favourable opportunity
existed of enabling the Corporation, if they could obtain
Parliamentary powers, out of their own funds arising
from certain invested surpluses of their Finsbury estates,
to purchase ground and erect suitable dwellings for the
labouring poor, in or near the line of the proposed new
street from the City's boundaries in West-street to Cop-
pice-row, Clerkenwell, and that we had directed Mr.
liemembrancer to insert proper clauses in the Bill autho-
rising that improvement.
" That in pursuance of such instructions such clauses
have been inserted in the Bill which became an Act in
the last session of Parliament, enabling the corporation
to erect, either on the land compulsorily taken for the
purposes of the improvement, or in the vicinity thereof,
bl
lodging-houses
ga
igerge
.ehmeennste,3such
then oad seoe
rmy i
, anda t imp
rofitved
tdh we es Ila
mi n
eg
wainthd
tinchim,
,eTtho
att w
i mee convenienceshthaivn ak
daeinxrdepcientde
expedient.
"That manner as they shall from
r. Architect to consider and
report to us his opinion as to the most desirable situa-
tion for commencing the erection of such dwellings, and
have had before us Mr. Scott, the principal clerk to Mr.
Chamberlain, who reported to us the amount of the fund
accumulated under the
we find
of your Honourable Court of
arvlreayof29o,pilnB:osn,
3s. Three per
rwcentid to amount to the sum of
42,4691. s
eemappliedeexpedient,
die
committeet.in Reducedclearing Annuities,such
ground aud wi
in
awnhdicrhecommend that the same fund be
street as to your committee shall
yournt, and in erecting thehneecessary buildings
thereon; andttintahgnatdthtehcocel buildings, oferected and
or near the said now
management, as
complete, be subject to the conttrhO
e
i,oonuorueri.obrni-0
andv
ireT
iletyntlianngds who will naccumulateas
r
profits of the saidaccumulating fund from
eeetg;
tae
ort
eod
heretofore
for letting
lettinglethe
time to time, when so directed by your
further tshneerh lah3:d
eh thee pe
rperhcacuree
(d)
fs in
accumulatinglbuildfilinngds,
Court, and place at the disposal of Improvements
in
the manner which in the said act
more fully set forth. o. Common Council is
CorTermtioUct
" (Signed) Thomas H. Hall, Thomas
James Waterloo,, P. J. Sprague,
olt. E. Fisher,
J. M. Barnard, J. S. Bridge,
Lister, J. R. Carr, H. Patten.
T. Cooney, W.
Read, T. Ilarkl tt.en. J. Hoole, S.
y, W. Christie, J. Evans, E.
Harrison."

After the report, which was received with cheers
had been introduced,
Dir. IiALL said that the Committee had fel

most sincerely that, in conseq'uenCe o the removal
loa
from the City of a large number 'of uses, it was
most desirable,
male in the way ofre deuces for the
and indeed most imps nt, that pro-
vision should bepoorer classes who might thus be dislo ged.—(Hear,
hear.) He felt, in common with tie committee, that
the fact was pressing upon them ri*e snd more, that
while they were creating mansions:in the new streets
they were at the same time notYteviliing
buildings
for the reception of the labouring:ties*, nor, indeed,
in such places as the new Cannoihstreiet, could they
do so. They had, therefore, to 'seek 'for other and
more fit spots, where the smalleitr4desmen might
profitably carry on business.—(Hears bear.) The
proposition the committee had then the honour of
making to the Court was the fittest they could adopt
under the circumstances, and the first, indeed, of the '
kind they had had the opportunity of *making. The
parties living in the neighbourhood of the newly pro-
posed line of street leading from Farringdon-street to
Coppice-row, Clerkenwell, occupied dwellings of the
most inferior kind, and by their removal much good
would be effected; so that it would wseen that, in-
stead of the Corporation making a waste of the
neighbourhood, .they would accommcidate with far
better dwellings the inhabitants of the locality.
It was quite clear to every one that in consequence
of the extension of sanitary improvements large ex-
penses had been entailed upon landlords, who could
not repay themselves by carrying out,' the objects of
the Government in removing buildings approached
from low gateways, and so densely Vopulated that
the air w scarcely ever of a pure -character. The
%uestion- for that corporation to col was whether
they would largely enter upon thts Siu ion as a duty.
to themselves, and for the purpose of expending their
reserved funds, so that the works, when completed,
might be useful to the poorer classes.—(Hear, hear.)
He would shortly explain the powers they possessed
as to the control of the "Finsbury Estate Fund."
In 1845 proceedings were taken' with reference to
this fund by the Corporation, who, having in view
the large portion of rseesnue derived therefrom,
sought powers to enable its members to dispose
(through the medium of its Improvements Commit',
tee) of the accumulating fund by the purchase of
property. That was followed by a report made by
that committee, in which the desirability of obtain-
ing powers of such a character was distinctly recom-
mended, with the view of instructing the Remem-
brancer to introduce them into the Clerkenwell Im-
provement Bill. Such clauses having been agreed
to, they were consequently appended to the mea.
sure, and now formed the 12th and 13th sections of
the Act.----(Hear, hear.) Projects of this character
had received favourable reception by the Legislature.
Earl Shaftesbury had always evidenced the warmest
desire to improve the working classes, and his Royal
Highness Prince Albert had patronised model houses
for the poor with an ardour that was worthy of his
exalted character. The question'then was, would the
Corporation do the same ? Thd middle classes would
not do so, even with the hope of profit, nor should
they attempt to do so as a Corporation simply for the
purpose of making money ; all they should seek was
such a return as would enable them to keep the pre-
mises in repair, and not waste the property with which
they were entrusted. The motley received should be
put periodically into the funds, And thus applied over
and over again to the general benefit.—(Hear, hear.)
'
They ought to do this, in his Opinion, on an extensive
scale. It was no use building bne or two houses, but
to instruct the architect to provide good houses and
shops in front, with smaller ones well lighted and
ventilated at the rear, furniihed, by the way, with
water, and every appliance necessary for domestic use.
(Hear, hear.) The question then was, would the
Court entrust to the committee the disposal of
42,4691. 3s.?—(Cries of " Yes.") Many remarks as
to the existence of knackers' yards in that vicinity
had been made by the public press, but he was glad
to say that by the erection of these buildings upon
such a site the " boiling houses" would be put
down, and the interests of the poor residing out of
the boundary of the city of ' London would be consi-
dered,—(Hear, hear.). What they bad to do was to
see that they so built and let these houses as to keep
enough to maintain them in repair, and he was confi-
dent that by adopting the report, and thus confiding
in the committee, they would be doing an immense
amount of good in aiding the humane and proper con-
siderations of the promoters of sanitary reform, while
they would furnish to many parties who might be
driven from the localities they used to reside in much
more comfortable abodes in the immediate vicinity of
their previous residences.—(Hear, hear.)
Deputy BEDFORD seconded the motion. He consi-
dered that buildings of this description had long been
required in the city of London.—(blear, and No.)
Mr. R. TAYLOR spoke in favour of the motion; but
stated that the property, which included the knacker's
yard and other abominations in the neighbourhood of
the projected improvements,
never belonged to the
City. He wished to remove any imputations of the
kind from the character of the Corporation. Those
places belonged to the aristocracy
Church—
(Loud laughter)—and the Corporation were about to
take them out of such unworthy hands.—(Laughter
and cries of " Hear, hear.") and the
Mr. BENNOCII approved very highly of the re•
port, but hoped that inasmuch as the money which
was to defray the expense of the buildings had arisen
from accumulations of the Finsbury estate, the large
and crowded district in which that estate was situated
would not be forgotten.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. Deputy HOLT said it might be injudicious in
the Court to adopt the suggestion just made, inasmuch
as at the end of eighteen years the part of Finsbury
in which improvements appeared to be most neces-
sary would fall into the hands of the Bishop of Car-
lisle.— (Laughter.)
Mr. HENRY BLAKE asked whether it was the in-
tention of the committee to combine a system of baths
and washhouses with the dwellings for the use of the
poor ?
Mr. T. 11. HALL said the committee were waiting
for information from Alderman Salomons, who had
promised to place before thorn the result of his in-
quiries into the effect of what had been already done.
—(Hear, hear.) The system of baths and wash-
houses could be accomplished without any application
to Parliament.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. H. BLAKE congratulated the Court upon the
admirable proposition which had been communicated
in the report, and upon the warm manner in which it
had been received. He considered that the proposed
disposal of the funds was exactly adapted to the con •
ditions upon which the money was given in trust to
the Corporation.—(Hear.) He was glad to find that
the committee had not taken any great credit to
themselves for what they had done, and trusted that I
the Court would act with similar prudence, and not
claim for themselves any extraordinary praise for what
they had done at the eleventh hour.—(Laughter.)
Mr. NORRIS had no objection to the report, but he
thought the committee were bound to submit the site
and the plan of the proposed buildings to the Court
for approval.
Mr. T. 11. HALL briefly replied. He considered
that the report was the commencement of an exten-
sive system by which the community would be greatly
benefited.—(clear.) If the Court agreed upon the
subject, the committee would by and by come for-
ward with many more suggestions. Some objections
had been anticipated from the parish in which the
buildings were proposed to be erected, but it must be
admitted that it would be more desirable to have at
the back of a street in which large houses and shops
were constructed, respectable habitations for the poor,
byle, filhose lthy, unhealthy essenti all, the
tenements which at present
whose was so al to than
abounded.—(Cheers.)
The report was then unanimously agreed to.
THE COAL DUTIES.

Mr. DARIN said it was most gratifying to see that
the revenues of the Corporation were managed in such
; for the produc-
tion(Cheers.) He
of all moneys received for coal duties ~for a long
a manner as to show, that notwithstanding all that
had been said, the public were justified in placing the
utmost reliance upon the integrity, zeal, and activity
othfenthgeamveemb
noticeers otfhattheheCsohropuolrdatmioonv.
series of years. Ile would show, when, .;the return
was furnished, that the confidence of the %public had
not been abused.
Unanimously agreed to.
BALL IN AID OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE FRIENDS OP
POLAND AND OF TUE HUNGARIAN COMMITTEE.
A deputation, composed of Lord Dudley Coutts
Stuart, M.P., General Klapka, Colonel Count Za-
moyski, Mr. W. Adams Smith, and Lieutenant
Charles Szculczewski, presented, through Mr.
Richard Taylor, the following petition :--
" To the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, Alder-
men, and Commons of the City of London, in
Common Council assembled.
"In cpproaching the bar of your Honourable Court,
for the purpose of rsquesting your permission that a ball
should be given in your Guildb all in aid of the funds of
the Literary AArociation of the Friends of Poland and of
the llusgarian Committee, we beg to state very shortly
the purposes to which the proceeds of the ball, should
you be ?leased to comply with the prayer of our peti-
tion, will be applied.
" The resources at the disposal of the Polish Associa-
tion are employed almost exclusively in the relief of re-
fuees who are incapacitated by sickness from following
their usual occupations, and in furnishing those who,arc
desirous of leaving this country with the necessary
funds. In some few instances assistance to a Small

amount is afforded, when a reasonable probability exists
that it will be the means of providing the recipients
with permanent employment.
The Hungarian refugees, being generally men in
the prime of life, are, with very few exceptio❑e, desirous of
proceeding without delay to a country where they can at
once obtain by their own exertions an independent po-
sition. The funds of the Hungarina Committee are
therefore employed almost exclusively in providing the
refugees under its charge with the means required for
their conveyance to America.
" The Council of the Polish Association, and the Hun-
garian Committee, trust that your Honourable Court
will approve of the objects to which their efforts are. di-
rected ; they cannot, indeed, doubt that such will be
the case when they reflect on the reception which you
have decided on affording to the illustrious exile in the
cause of constitutional liberty who is about to sot foot on
our shores. Proud as he must feel at receiving such an
approval of his policy from the municipality of the first
city in the world, his satisfaction will assuredly be en-
hanced by finding that whilst cheering him by your
sympathy and applause, you have not forgotten to alle-
viate the sufferings of those who followed him with
unshaken fidelity to the termination of his glorious
career.

" We therefore humbly pray your Honourable Court
to grant the use of the Guildhall, as decorated for the
dinner on Lord Mayor's Day, for the purpose above-
mentioned. _ _

" On behalf of the Council,
(Signed) "DUDLEY COUTTS STUART, President.
" W. LLOYD BIRKBECK, Hon. See."
This memorial was brought up by Mr, Richard
Taylor, but before that gentleman had an opportunity
of speaking in its support—
Mr. ANDERTON asked several questions of Lord
Dudley Stuart, M.P., which were answered statisti-
cally by the Hon. Member, apparently to the satis-
faction of the majority of the Court.
Mr. R. TAYLOR then said that he brought up the
memorial with pleasure; and he advocated its prayer
with pleasure also. The object of it was to provide a
pecuniary sum, not only for the Poles, but for the
exiled Hungarians, to enable them to obtain a passage
to America. It had been often asked, and he believed
that was the only objection to the applications on the
part of the advocates of a ball to the Poles—why has
this application been so frequently repeated ? His
answer was that the persecution of the Poles had been
repeated for a great number of years, and that so long
as such persecutions should be repeated, so long
would they be justified in granting the use of the
Guildhall to the committee on similar occasions to the
one for which it was then solicited.—(Hear.)
Deputy HOLT seconded the motion.
Mr. MURRELL moved the previous question, which
not being seconded he endeavoured to push an amend-
ment to the effect that the unendowed hospitals and
dispensaries of the metropolis should share with the
Polish committee in the profits. This also fell to the
ground.
Mr. ANDERTON had thought, he then thought, and
he should still continue to think, that the Corporation
ought to have nothing to do with the question.
Alderman CARTER reminded the Court that when
Lord Dudley Stuart had applied to the Court for the
use of the hall immediately after her Majesty's late
visit, upon being informed that it had been promised
for the benefit of the ward schools and dispensaries of
the City of London, his Lordship had, with the ut-
most grace, withdrawn his application, the under-
standing being that be should be at liberty on the
forthcoming occasion of applying again.—(Hear.)
The prayer of the memorial was then almost unani-
mously acceded to.

PLACES.

America (by Brit. pkt.)N!
America (by U.S. pkt.) N

Oct. 24 ..
,Oct. 2S

America Pkt.s M Nov. 5 ..
Africa (West coast).. N 14th of the month
Alexandria* ........ N 19th & 30th of mo.
Belgium •• N Daily
Brazil .. M 9th of the month
Buenos Ayres M 9th of the month
C alifornia(via Chaves) M 2d& 17th of month
Cape of Good Hope N 14th of month
Constantinople* .. N 7th 17th 27th ef moi
Central America .. M2d & 17th of mon.
Channel Isles • • .. N Mon., Wed., &Fri.
Chill 31 17th of the month
Franco M&N Twice daily ... • •

Liverpool • •
Liverpool .•
Soathanpt•
Plymouth
Dover ..

Dover ..
Southampt.
Southampt.
Southampt.
Plymouth.•
Dover ..
Southampt.
, Southampt.
Southampt.
Dover ••

Greece* • • .. N 7th 17th 27th of mo
Hamburgsh N Tuesday 8s Friday
Holland M Wednes. & Satur.
Honduras . N 17th of the mouth
Ireland .. M& N Twice daily ..
India(via Sonthamp.) M2oth of the month
India(viaMarseillea) N'eth&24th efmonth
Mediterranean (via
Southampton) M 20th of the month
Mediterranean (via
Marseilles) N Bth&24th ofmonth
Mexico .. 3i 2d of the month..
Madeira • • .• M 9th of the month
Malta* .. 7th,17th,19th,27th
& 30th of month
• - TTba,lea, • •

Dover ..
London ..
'London ..
ISouthampt.
Holyhead..
Southarupt.
',Dover

Naples* . . . . . sth
15th 25th o f mei
Papal States* sth 15th 95th of ino
Peninsular.. I_5S 711117th 27th of mc)

Southauipt

'Dover ..
Southampt.
Southalapt.
IDover

,Dover
,Dover

Porn ••

lOct. 27
'Nov. 1

Nov. 3
Oct. 28
Daily

Nov: 16
Nov. 16
Arrived
Nov. 8
Oct 30
Arrived
Tu. Th. Sat
Arrived
Twicedally
Oct. 30
Tues. Sat.
Mow.lhur.
Arrived
Twicedally
Arrived
Nov. 2

Arrived

Mll7th of the month

.)outhampt.
aiouthampt.
Dover •
ISouthampt.

Tuscany* • • .. • • Nlsth 15th 25th ofmo
West Indies .. M:l7th of the month
West Indies (except
Havanna & Nassau) M 2d of the month ..
* The mails to those countries thus marl
French packet via Marseilles.
Canirowne.—Mails to and from Californt
are now despatched and due by every Arne-

',Nov. 2
Nov. 5
iNov . 16

lOct. 23

Nov. 2
INov. 2
Arrived
Arrived
1 Nov.
A rrived

Southampt. !Nov. 5
Ked (*) arc conveyed by

[a, via the United States
Lean pack x.',

CHEAP OMNIBUSES.—Two other lines of cheap
omnibuses commenced running yesterday between Shadwell
Ratcliffe, and Oxford street ; the fares Are regulated according
to distance, at 2d., 3d.,. and 4d. the charge for the whole
way. Law-fare omnibuses are about to be put on the New-
road, to run between the Great Western and Great Northern
Railway termini.

LOUIS KOSSUTH.
(From the :Sew York Herald.)
SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF THIS DISTIN-
GUISHED HUNGARIAN PATRIOT.
Louis Kossuth is one of the great men of the day.
Like Washington, Napoleon, Charles the Twelfth,
Frederick the Great, Alexander, he fills a brilliant
page in history ; but more like Washington than the
others named, Kossuth occupies the heart of the re-
publican world. We give a sketch of his life. Our
authorities, however, are Austrian—bitter, malignant,
and vindictive against the patriot ; but, with the
sting and the venom extracted, we believe wo have
furnished our readers with a pretty fair biography of
the man.

Kossuth is in
in 180 G.
year. He was born in the
county of Zemplin, IBOG. His father was a lawyer,
and a small landowner, of the noble class, at Ujeely'
in the comitat of Zemplin, a member of the Augs-
burg Confession. His possessions being limited to a
few acres of vineyard and arable land, did not
admit of much expense on the education of his
children. He found means, indeed, to place
his son Louis in the College of Scharaschpatack, a
Protestant institution in the neighbourhood. With
this aid he prepared himself for the profession of
an advocate. After obtaining his diploma he be-
came agent to a Countess Szapary: . The influ-
ence which he derived from this position, and from
the relations which he had established at college
with the nobe classes of the district, gave him some
weight in the assembly of the comitat,. in which
the noble proprietors and official dignitaries are ac-
customed to meet together from four to six times in
the year, for the management of local affairs, the ex-
ecution of Government decrees, &c. In these as-
semblies the principal influence naturally devolves
on the holders of civil offices, and on those who, by
their oratory, influence the elections to those offices.
After the lapse of several years, Kossuth closed his
accounts with the Countess Saapary, and, in hopes
.of
a larger field for the practice of . the law, removed
to Pesth. Here he found the chances of advance-
ment in the legal profession cut off by the number
of established competitors, and in the year 1822
he betook himself to Presburg as the abelgat or
representative in the Hungarian Diet of an absent
magnate, in which capacity he enjoyed a resi-
dence rent-free, a seat at the lower table, and a right
of speaking, but not of voting, in all which particulars
his position was exactly that of some 300 similar re-
presentatives of absentee noblemen, most of whom
were likewise educated for the law. At the com-
mencement of the proceedings of this Diet Kossuth,
it is said, once assayed to speak ; but as if abashed at
his presumption in the presence of the older and more
experienced heads around him, he desisted, and fell
back upon the idea of setting on foot a journal, to be
devoted to the proceedings of the Diet, and specially
to the publication of the discussions in the sittings of
the circles, so-called, of which no printed protocol
had ever yet appeared. These sittings were,
,in fact,
held by the Government to be merely conferences of
the deputies, at which subjects were discussed, not
under the presidence of a deputy of the Government,
but under that of members, who were changed every
week, and merely as a preparation for ulterior dis-
cussion in the Diet proper, the diary of which was
printed. This preparatory discussion did, how-
ever, in truth, involve the pith of the proceedings
of the Diet, for, conducted under the supervision of
a popular audience, unchecked by the presidence
of a Government official, it laid the ground for the
constant preponderance of the party which enjoyed
the favour of the people. The effect, indeed, upon
the deputies present was not immediate with respect
to the decision of questions at issue, for the deputies
were strictly bound by the instructions furnished to
them by their constituents. The coinitats received
once or twice a month from their respective deputies
official reports of proceedings, and were very gene-
rally guided in their further instructions by the tone
of these reports, and the manner in which the various
proposals of the popular or opposition party was com-
mented upon in them. These reports were read in
the comitat assemblies, and those who had a seat in
the latter thus obtained a knowledge of the speeches
delivered in the Diet, but the public at large had little
or no information of them.

This state of things Kossuth determined to turn
:o the account of the opposition. With funds con-

tributed by some of the deputies, he procured a
lithographic press, with the view of disseminating
his journal at as cheap a rate as possible, though
not without some profit to himself, through all the
comitats. The experiment took with the people ;
but the Austrian spies became alarmed, and soon
the Central Government ordered the paper to be sup-
pressed. Kossuth's party in the Diet resisted. It
would not do to put down the Liberal journal, and
the matter was compromised by buying out the press.
But this did not stop the paper. It was published in
manuscript, and though the price was raised of ne-
cessity, the experiment still succeeded. The price
was indeed raised to six florins for the monthly
amount of the journal, of which one or two sheets
were issued twice a week ; the number of readers de-
creased, but still each comitat was a customer for
from one to six copies. In the towns several societies
paid in advance, and many deputies contributed in-
dividually, for it was found that the speeches of sub-
scribers and benefactors were improved and enriched
under Kossuth's treatment, and reputation and popu-
larity flowed from his pen. The enterprise was alto-
gether a hit, and Kossuth soon arrived not only at
covering his expenses, but at some consideration in a
country of which he influenced with a progressive
force the representative body, their discussions, and
their decisions ; while, at the same time, he acquired
numerous followers, in a body of young copyists, who
remained in after times his zealous adherents.

With the close of the Diet, after a session of four
years, in the year 1836, these sources of Kossuth's
influence and prosperity were dried up, and be
betook himself to reporting the proceedings of the
comitat assemblies, which were communicated by
local reporters, and distributed once more, in a
lithographic shape, among numerous subscribers at
Pesth.

The Government again became alarmed, and made
several ineffectual attempts to suppress the ob-
noxious journal ; but still it continued to report a
series of eloquent harangues upon the legal questions
which now agitated the whole country, and his own
speeches in the Assembly trangressed all limits of the
respect considered to be due to the Sovereign. The
Palatine at last received an instruction to seize the
press at the comitat House of Assembly, to arrest
Kossuth himself, and proceed against him on a charge
of high treason. In consequence of the illness of the
Archduke Palatine the execution of this order de- 1
volved upon the Chief Judiciary, the Count Cyraky,
and the Crown Fiscal, Fejssch, with a company of
grenadiers, arrested Kossuth at his residence, in the
Ofner-hills, in April, 1837. His papers also
were seized, and among them many important
letters from Deputies of the Opposition, of
which, however, no further notice was taken. Kos-
suth's defence was conducted by the Baron Nicholas
Wesseleny, who was himself under a similar accusa-
tion, founded on expressions against the King,
which, in his zeal for the dissolution of all bonds of
loyalty, he had made use of in the Assembly of the
Szathmar Comitat. In his case his personal liberty
was not affected, as, by the law of Hungary, a cer-
tain amount of property is considered as surety
against the escape of an accused party. Kossuth,
having no property, was not exempt from personal
durance. Several young people, who had followed
Kossuth's lead in the agitation of their comitats
were also arrested on charges of high treason. He
himself was conveyed to the fortress of Ofen, where
he was allowed books, writing materials, and news-
papers, and a daily walk on the bastions with an
officer. Here he devoted himself with much appli-
cation to political studies, and to that of the French
language, and it was at this period that he gathered
from the republican' literature of that country
maxims
and principles which ineradicably fixed his own
whopianxioimnes.
It was hero that the dream of Hungarian indepen-
dence rose upon his imagination—that the idea of
revenge upon Austria for the wrongs which his
country had endured was engendered. It was about
this time that the relationcommenced which resulted
in his subsequent marriage with the daughter of a
noble of Stuhlweissenburg, Wesseleny—a lady who,
inspired with admiration for his political exertions,
sent him books and exchanged letters with him in
his captivity. They were married soon after his libe-
ration, in 1841. The sanction of the Romish. Church
was obtained for this mixed marriage with difficulty,
and it was celebrated by
a Protestant clergyman.
The proceeding for high treason ended in 1839, with
a sentence to four years' imprisonment. Wesseleny
was condemned to the same. The connexion. beteseen
these two was cemented by equality in suffering, and
the halo of patriotism which attached. to them both.
In this year, 1839, the Hungarian
...Diet assembled,
and had to deal with a demand from Government for
18,000 recruits. The opposition, or popular party,
turned to account the popular excitement produced
by the sentences against Kossuth and his associates,
in order to procure the election of deputies pledged
to attach to this levy of. men the condition of a genes
ral amnesty, and various other concessions. The
liberation of
the prisoners was naturally a very
popular question, but, in the eyes of men anxious for
the authority and consideration of the Government,
pregnant with serious consequences. The leaders of