The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-04 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING,

competent authority." An opinion connected with
the latter point, and impressed upon the mind of the
reader quite as emphatically, mey be found articu
lated further on in the body of the essay, to the effect
that " the one realm ought to be covered by one patent."
As we have already intimated, the reason which has
produced the volume here referred to is a
dread lest the present fervid agitation in behalf
of patent law reform may result in some unfor-
tunately hasty and ill-judged innovations. As Mr-
SPENCE himself explicitly observes at the very opening
of his undertaking—"l am indeed anxious that per-
manent principles should not be sacrificed through any
temporary feeling of excitement for the present un-
wholesomely stimulated by the prospect of the Great
Exhibition." How far the excitement is unwhole-
somely stimulated by the advent of the Exhibition we
cannot at all conjecture ; but in Mr. SPENCERS solici-
tude that "permanent principles should not be sacri-
ficed" we cordially sympathise. One of the happiest
expressions contained in the whole of this luminous
essay occurs where the author remarks that " a
patentable invention," although according to the term
of the original statute " a manufacture," is yet at
the same time "an embodied principle." Altogether
the work here commended to popular attention is
one di!playing very large ability and an intimate
knowledge of the subject treated of by the essayist.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.

The Assembly met on Thursday, but, contrary to
general expectation, no allusion was made to the New
Year's-day scene at the Elysee. It was expected
that General CAVAIGNAC and M. VICTOR LEIRANC
would have addressed interpellations to the Minister
on the subject, but after a conference with M. DUPIN
it was determined to postpone the interpellations.
There was a rumour circulated in the lobbies of the
Assembly, that M. BAROCIIE had resigned the Ministry
of the Interior; the Patrie, however, declares that it is
totally without foundation.
We yesterday gave from the Constitutionnel the
Bonapartist version of the scene between MM.
BONAPARTE and DUPIN on New Year's•day, we now
give M. Dun N's version from the Journal des
Debats

"The rumours which have been circulated relative to
the visit of M. Dupin to M. Louis Napoleon on New
Year's-eve, which made that event one of great polii ieal
gravity, have since lost much of their importance, or, to
say the truth, the importance has almost entirely disap
peered. In the first place, there was nothing of au offi-
cial character in the speeches, nor was the interview of
that serious kind fur which one might imagine that both
parties had prepared themselves; it was in reality a
merely friendly visit, and the Conversation, which only
lasted two or three minutes, was' carried on in such a
low tone that not more than eight or ten persons could
have heard it. This fact once stated, it will be under-
stood that we by no means pretend to give textually the
words which were made use of on either side; but,
nevertheless, according to our private information, and
assisted by the recital given by several journals, we
think we may guarantee the almost perfect exactitude of
the following account, but at all events, we can vouch for
its being the spirit of that conversation. Speaking, not
in the name of the Assembly, nor even in that of the bu-
reau, but in his own, M. Dupin commenced by saying—
' Monsieur le President, I hope the new year may be a
happy one for you, for France, and for us all.'
" Monsieur le President,' replied the President of the
Republic, I accept your wishes with pleasure, and lam
persuaded that they are sincere. It is so important that
the good harmony of the powers should not be dis-
turbed in the difficult times through which we have
to pass.'
Nothing is more desirable,' replied M. Dupin, and
personally I have always done all that depends on me to
maintain that good understanding, because without that
welfare is impossible. The legislative power has no-
thing to gain from weakening the executive, and the ex-
ecutive power can only lose by attempting to weaken the
legislative.'
" Both you and I,' said M. Louis Napoleon, ought
each within the limits of our attributions to seek to make
the laws of the country and the authority given us by
the Constitution respected without encroachment of one
power on the other. I care nothing about the prolonga-
tion of my powers, but I am anxious that when I restore
to the people the power which I received from them, it
should be intact and respected. My conviction is that
France desires peace and order, and she would consider
the one of the two powers which should attack the other
as in the wrong.'
" I am entirely of that opinion,' replied M. Dupin,
I think that the aggressors would be wrong, and expe-
rience has proved that he who would advance one step
would be obliged to retreat four.:
" Such is the truth, as exact as possible, of this con-
versation, which is creditable to both sides."
The Legitimatist and Orleanist journals all echo
the statement of the Dibats that the visit of M.
DUPIN and the officers of the Assembly was not in
their official, but in their private capacity. This is
evidently the mot d ordre of the Inubbed ones, but
it will hardly do, seeing that they were introduced
as a deputation from the National Assembly. ,
Several of the journals of the Majority declare that
the PRESIDENT will never have another opportunity
of repeating the insult of New Year's-day, as neither
M. LUPIN nor any member of the Bureau will again
enter the Elyeee, neither will any more deputations
present-congratulations to him.
The Evenement says :
_ _ _

" M. Dupin has been scurvily received by the Presi-
dent of the Repvblic. It is well. NV hat business had
he at the Elyso4.l? Why did the Bureau of the Assembly
go to the residence of M. Louis Bonaparte? Is not the
Assembly a sovereln power? Is it inferior to the
President that it should put itself out of the way to
seek him? We are not aware that it ever en-
joined M. Dupin to drag its Members through the
ante-chambers of the Elysese. If he went, it could only
be because he himself chose to do so ; be, probably,
was not sorry to soothe, by a visit of humiliation,
the irritation which his conduct in the affair of
Allais may have produced, and to conciliate those on
whom the fate of the Procureur-General of the Court
of Cessation depends. On this point, we would ask
whether it is proper that the man who has the honour
of presiding over the National Assembly of France
should at the same time hold an office which places him
in the power of the Government? Is it not an inconceiv-
able contradiction that the personage who in himself
represents the Parliamentary Sovereignty should be at
the same time the subordinate of a Minister whom a
Parliamentary vote can dismiss? M. Dupin is the equal
of M. Bonaparte and the subordinate of M. Rouher."
The Siicle, alluding to the resignation of M. Yon,
says :—" The resignation was accepted by the Bureau
of the Assembly in terms highly honourable to M.
Yos. You offer your resignation,' it is said to have
replied, ' but it gives you a greater right to our esteem
and to our confidence. You will retain your post
until we shall have officially replaced you.' But will
M. Yon be replaced ? Could he be so usefully for
the Assembly in the state of things which the Prefect
of Police has created ? Is not the office henceforth
inefficacious? These questions are, it is said, to be
the subject of mature consideration by the Bureau.
In accepting in such terms the resignation of M.
YON, the Bureau, it must be admitted, has done
everything which suited the energy of the majority."
M. FREDERIC BASTIAT, the celebrated political
economist, died at Rome on the 24th ult.
The Bourse was agitated and public securities de-
clined. The Five per Cents. opened at 95f. 30c., fell
to 941. 50c., and closed at 94f. 75c.; the New Loan
closed at 94f. 70c. ; the Three per Cents. closed at
561. 75c. ; Orleans Railroad Shares, 860 f. ; Rouen,
6721. 50c.; Havre, 2671. 50c.; Great Northern,
480 f.; Avignon, 192 f. 50c. ; Vierzon, 401 f. 25c. ;
Basle, 136 f. 25c. ; Bordeaux, 400 f.; Paris and
Strasburg, 353 f. Tsc.

BUSINESS DUNE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, JAN. 3.
Boulogne and Amiens, 9—Central of France (Orleans and
Vierzon), I6l4—East Indian,l2—Luxembourg, 2%—Namur
and Liege, 8.1/4—Northern of France, 151,x—Orleans and
Bordeaux, 4 ex div.—Paris and Rouen, 2714—Rouen
and Havre, 114—Sambre and Meuse, 31/B—Tours and
Nantes, 6!4.

sitting by reading a programme, which explained the
views of the Imperial Court seith respect to the *re%
the grounds, and the starting point (anTangs pent)
of the present negotiatiens. (This programme las
been already communicated to the public.) The con•
elusion of the discourse of Prince Schwartzenberg gave
M. Beust, the Saxon Plenipotentiary, an opportunity,
not only in the name of his Majesty the King of
Saxony, but of the Government, to express
his thanks for the high honcur conferred on the city by
making it the place where the conferences are held. The
Saxon Government felt itself in consequence so much the
more obliged to promote councils of peace; the choice of
Dresden for a meeting place seemed to betoken an
auspicious result; it was the city where traces of those
unhappy days remained in which enthusiasm fur the
unity of Germany contracted elements of disorder; and
was now the place of assembly for men who were called
upon to banish those destructive elements out of our
German Fatherland, and to restore it to peace and har-
mony. This seemed to be quite providential. The
Prussian Minister Manteuffel followed (his speech is
already communicated). M. von Pfortden expressed
thanks for the honour done by the invitation, as a now
proof of the friendly feeling that subsisted between the
members of the Bund, and their anxiety for the welfare
of the Fatherland. He thought, speaking in
the name of the Bavarian Government, that
the conferences shculd begin their sittings with this
resolution, and only so far to regard the past as they
might draw lessons from it for the advantage of the fu-
ture; in every other respect to banish it into oblivion,
in order that, by an harmonious co-operation, they might
lay the foundation of a work whereby the real wants of
the present time might be satisfied, and the welfare,
peace, and power of Germany might be established for
a durability through future ages. Thereby all the prin-
ciples of order, and especially the monarchic4l principle,
would be strengthened; at the same time, however, gua-
rantees, which the age demanded, should be given for
the full enjoyment of civil freedom. In this spirit
the Assembly might address themselves to their task
with joy ful hopes of success. Upon this Prince
Schwartzenberg rose and said—You will all, gentlemen,
be satisfactorily convinced, from the foregoing declara-
tion, of the perfect agreement of sentiment that pre-
vails among us. The 3d and 4th articles of the
Vienna treaty declare the Diet (Bundesacte) to be the
fundamental convention, and the first fundamental laws
of that established union, and confer on the collective
members of the Bund the authority to develop and carry
out that establishment in any manner that the objects
proposed may make necessary. As we have to deal with
the development, completion, and amelioration—in a word,
with a revision of the'firat fundamental laws of the Bund,
there will be, as I have had the honour already to declare,
at once the base and the starting point of our delibera-
tions. With respect to the form of our proceedings, those
observed in the year 1820, by the plenipotentiaries of
all the German Governments, having the same objects
that we have now, recommend themselves to our adop-
tion. I take leave, however, to recommend the forma-
tion of committees (sectionern) for the consideration of
points which may be afterwards referred to the whole
Assembly; and with respect to their powers, a friendly
understanding is to be preferred to a formal voting and
scrutiny. It would be, perhaps, most convenient if the
plenipotentiaries will so far confide in Austria and
Prussia, that these powers should draw up a plan for the
composition of these committees, which can be laid
before the Conference at their next meeting, after the
Christmas adjournment. Besides these committees, ano-
ther should be formed for the drawing up of the protocols.
And I now propose M. Thierry as president of this section,
in the hope of meeting with an unanimous consent to this
proposition. With respect to the verification of powers I
would request the Saxon plenipotentiaries to undertake
this task, and then tc make a report of the result. It only
remains to me, now, gentlemen, to call your attention to
this point ; that it would not only be beneath the dig-
nity of the high Assembly, but might compromise the
important purposes for which we met, if the transac-
tions which here take place should be known to the pub-
lic press, as they would thereby become the subject of
newspaper polemics; and, under such circumstances,our
deliberations would be subjected to the judgment of the
multitude. We should, therefore, be particularly careful
to observe a strict secrecy with respect to all that may
be said or done here. Towards our respective Govern-
ments the same secrecy should be maintained.
The following is the list of the various committees
with the objects of deliberation referred to each :
" Committee No. 1, ten members.—States—Austria
in the chair), Prussia, Bavaria, Saitony, Wurtemberg,
Hanover, both Hesses, Frankfort, Saxe-Weimar.—Ob-
jects of deliberation—Organization of executive power,
territorial questions connected with Arts. 1,4, 5,6, 7,8,
9 of Acts, and 6,* 7,8, 9 of concluding Acts.
" Committee No. 2, nine members.—States—Prussia
(chair), Austria, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Baden, Strelitz,
Schwerin, Holstein, Bernberg.— Objects of deliberation
Supreme Federal organ; relation of the Confederation to
individual States, and of these one to the other; Arts. 7,
10, 11, 13 of Acts, and 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 65 of conclud-
ing Acts.

71 Committee No. 3, ten members.—States—Bavaria
(chair), Austria, Prussia, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtem-
berg, Baden, Coburg, Hamburg, Oldenburg.—Objects of
deliberation—Commerce, customs, navigation, and all
material interests; Arts. 6 and 19 Acts, 64 concluding
Acts.

" Committee No. 4, seven members.—States—Saxony
(chair), Hanover, Nassau, Brunswick, Bremen, Schaum-
burg—Objects of deliberation—Judicial matter; Arts. 20
and 24 concluding Acts.
"Committee No. 5, four members.—States—Hanover
(chair), Prussia, Saxony, Sixe bleiningen.—Objects of
deliberation Arrangement of minutes or protocol,
which, as already known, is placed under the direction
cf Baron Thierry as protocolist."

Accounts have been received from Cassel to the Ist.
The Prussians are greatly irritated at the manner in
which the. Austrian commissioner in Hesse, Prince
DE LEININGEN, is proceeding ; he, it appears, gives
orders and publishes proclamations and decrees with-
out, having any communication with the Prussian
commissioner, General DE PEUCKER, or allowing his
name to appear.
As might have been expected under the semi-bar-
barian rule of the Red EMPEROR, anarchy, robbery,
and violence, are the order of the day at Cane!, and
murder and woman-flogging will follow in due course
as they did in Hungary, the Hessian HATNAU being
nu doubt anxious to emulate the fame of his more
notorious brother.

A permanent court-martial is established. Major-
General SCHIRMER, of the Hessian army, has been
appointed to the command of Cassel. Frequent
arrests are taking place, and the refractory citizens
are subjected to corporal punishment.

DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES.
The Precurseur of Antwerp contains a letter from
Cologne of the Ist, stating that the Prussian and
Austrian Commissioners to the Duchies are to demand
an immediate submission. Should this be refused,
Prussia and Austria are to act in concert to bring
them into subjection, Prussia occupying Ham-
burgh, and a force, composed of equal numbers of
Austrians and Prussians, proceeding to take fictive
measures in the Duchies.

On entering the Duchies the Commissioners, Count
M. MENSDOEFF POUILLT and General DE THORNE;
will issue a proclamation, announcing the precise
terms of their mission.

A letter from Copenhagen states that the law to
abolish lotteries on and after January 1 was pro-
mulgated on the 22d ult. The Commission sent by
the Government to examine the mineralogical condi-
tion of the Danish colonies in Greenland has dis-
covered at Julianahaab a copper-mine, yielding 66
per cent. of pure metal.

TilE SHARE MARKETS.

BRITISH RAILWAYS

Railways.

Paid.

.80
8 6 8

13 14 0

178 6 8

25
50
25
15
1 1

8 6 8

23
100

12%
50
11 13 4

Nonthial ?ricos.

Business d one
to-day.

% dls.

10% % %

47%
100
23%
11%

100 H

100
12 15 4
20
100

100
42%

4 2 0!

134 %

GM 34

11 10%

19
124 %

29 16 0

1830 U
7 6X 7
11X
12X

100
47 34

7914 71% 34

58% 57%

4% M

3% % 3

2 12 0

•X 9