The Sun.
London, England, 1834-01-18 00:00:00

CHAMBER OF PEERS, JAx. 14.

A proposition of President Boyer, relative to the effect
of a legal separation between married parties, was then
read ; it was to the following effect :

" For the future a separation pronounced between
married people, on account of the adultery of the wife,
shall be a sufficient cause for putting an end to the pre-
sumption of paternity arising from the marriage of the
parties, according to the 312th article of the civil code.
Consequently any children that a wife, separated from her
husband for the above cause, may have 300 days after the
said separation, shall to reputed alien to the husband,
unless he shall recognise them with the formalities re-
quired by the 334th article of the civil code."
The Chamber adjourned sine die.

CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, JAN. 14.
The Minister of Mirine made a communication from
Government relative to a project of l.tty regarding the staff
of the Navy.
The following are the principal articles of this project
of law:—

Art. 1. The number of Admirals remain fixed at three.
Art. 2. The Royal corps of the Marines, in titnc of
peace, will consist of 10 Vice-Admirals, 20 Counter.•
Admirals, '7O Captains of vessels, '7O Captains of frigates,
90 Captains of corvettes, 450 Lieutenants of vessels, 550
Lieutenants of frigates.
The number of pupils (elems) of the Ist and 2d clasA
will he fixed each year by a Royal ordinance.
The debate on the proposed law relative to the munici-
pality of Paris was resumed. In the articles 9 and 10,
relating to the nomination of the Mayors, the Government
proposed that the Mayor of each arrondissement should
be chosen by the King from 15 candidates, 3 of which
should be from the members of the general council chosen
by each arrondissement, and the 12 others to be chosen
by the electors.
A short debate took place on the question whether the
Mayors chosen from the members of the municipal council
should, in consequence of that choke, cease to be members
of the council or not, the Government contending that the

functions of Mayor and Member of the Municipal Council
were incompatible.
Some amendments to a contrary effect were proposed
and adopted by the Chamber, and in consequence article
11 was suppressed, which declared the functions of Mayor
incompatible with those of a Member of the Municipal
Council.

After a short discussion on some minor details, the
Chamber proceeded to vote on the ensemble of the project.
The result was:--Number of votes, 286—for the law,
223 ; against it, 58.

The project of law was agreed to.—Adjourned.

SITTING OF JA N. 15.

At half-past two o'clock the Vice-President (M.
Etienne) took the chair.
Before the debate began, tile Duke de Broglie and
Messrs. Bignon and de Rigny were observed standing dose
to the tribune, engaged in conversation. They were sur-
rounded by a nutnber of Deputies of the gauche, amongst
whom was General Lafayette.
The debate on the proposition of M. Paraut, relative to
the suppression of majorats, or entails, was resumed.
M. Gaillard de Kerbertin expressed a wish that the
proposition had for its object only to prevent the creation
of majorats for the future, without affecting those at pre-
sent existing.
M. Paraut proceeded to explain his proposition, and gave
a rapid sketch of the institution of majorats, and the par-
ticular laws affecting them, which were to he found in the
Imperial Decrees and Senatus Consultes of 1806, and
the law of 1826.

The Chamber entered upon the discussion of the first
article, which enacts that every creation of majorats for
the future is prohibited.
This article was adopted without any amendment.
The 2d and 3d articles were likewise adopted. They
are to the following effect :

Art. 2. The majorat., or portions of majorats, insti-
tuted by private individuals before the promulgation of
the present law, and which have not been transmitted to
the persons in whose favour they were made, are declared
to be void, and of no effect.

Art 3. The institution of majorats of the same nature,
which have been opened before the promulgation of the
present law, shall only take effect in favour of those who
shall be in possession of the property attached to these ma-
jorats, or who shall have acquired the right of claiming it,
the possessors of such property being henceforth bee to
dispose of such property in any way they may think pro-
per, according to the ordinary terms of the Civil Code.
The debate proceeded upon the 4th Article, which is in
substance as follows:—" Nevertheless, in the case pro-
vided for hy the 2d Article above.mentioned, the property
cannot he alienated, nor mortgaged by the founder of the
majorat, if he has contracted marriage since the creation
of the majorat, and before the promulgation of the present
law, or, if being a widower, be have children by that
marri ge so contracted."

MM. Taste and Isambert moved that this article should
be rejected.
The Keeper of the Seals and M. Dufau spoke in favour
of its adoption, and, after a lengthened but uninteresting
discussion it as decided that the article should be referred
to the Commis,ion to be remodelled.

To the Article 5, which concedes, by way of exception
to the preceding enactments, "the right of possessing the
majorat to those individuals in whose favour it was founded,
in ccse they arc married at the moment of the promulga-
tion of the law,"

M. J filbert proposed that the persons in whose favour
the majorat was founded, should be entitled to take the
benefit of it, in case they were born at the moment of the
promulgation of the law.

MM. Salverte and Dufau spoke against the adoption of
this amendment, which was supported by Messrs. Lher-
bette and Gaillard Kerbertin.

The amendment was put to the vote and rejected.
Art. 5 was agreed to.
Art. 6—by which the rights of young children, and
those which may be acquired by widows relative to the
property attached to majorata, are renewed—was adopted.
Art 7 is to the following effect :—" The abovemen-
tioned disposition shall not offer any obstacle to the trans-
mission of the titles of Nobility which may have been
attached to rnajorats."—(General movement, several Mem-
bers signifying their intention to speak.)
111. Glais Bizain-1 should like to know what is meant
by a title of Nobility.—(Noise.) According to the Char-
ter, all Frenchmen are equal in the eyes of the law ;
when a Marshal is called after the name of a place where
lie may have gained a victory, he has the title of an emi-
nent rank, but be has not the title of nchility. --(Agitation.)
Count Jaubert appealed to the 62d Article of the Char-
ter, which re-establi,hes the ancient Nobility, and secures
their titles to the new Nobility.
Several Members cc,n'ended that the rejection of
Article 7 of the proposed law had nothing to do with the
62d Article of the Charter.

Art. 7 was put to the vote; 9 Members of the Centre
rose in its favour ; the rest of the Chamber declared
against it. Article 7 was of course suppressed.
Art. 8, relating to grants of land subjected to a reversion
in favour of the State, was adopted.
The concluding Articles, 9 and 10, relative to the
repeal of the former legi,lation on this subject, were
agreed to.
Art. 4, which bad been referred to the Commission to
be remodelled, still remained to be discussed, but a suffi-
cient number of Members not being present to consti-
tute a Chamber, the debate was adjourned to Friday, at
one o'clock.

BULWER AND VICTOR HUGO.—lt is a re-
markable fact, that the two most famous novelists of the
pre,ent day should scarcely exceed the age of thirty—we
allude to the author of " Pelham," and the French roman-
cier, Victer Hugo. The productions of both thee writers
enjoy a most extensive celebrity, not only all over Europe,
but also on the other side the Atlantic, and indeed in every
part of the civilized globe. No where, however, has the
spirit of literary enterprise been carried to such an extent
as in London, where " Eugene Aram" and " The Hunch.
hack of Notre Dame," the ablest works of these master.
minds, may now be purchased complete for 6s. each.
A letter from Oran, of December 29, com-
plains that there is a great dearth of fresh provisions, a
miserable lean fowl costing 50 sous. On the above day
a new expedition of 1,800 men, with 16 pieces of cannon
and 2 howitzer., went out against the tribes.— Galignanrs
Messenger.

The Augsburg Gazette, of the 11th instant,
has the following of the 7th, from Frankfort :—" M.
Guaita and his son are gone to Frankfort, to represent the
special interest of Frankfort at the Congress, and a favour-
able result is anticipated from his well known diplomatic
talents; his presence at Vienna is the more necessary at
this moment, as the new Prussian treaty of commerce
occasioned several innovations which are prejudicial to the
trade of Frankfort. A letter from Hamburg, dated the
Ist instant, states, that in the course of last year 2,206
vessels arrived at that port, and 2,194. sailed from it."
The Gazette states that a violent hurricane arose in Bo-
hernia, near Beichenberg, on the 18th instant, which tore
up as many as 15,000 tree?.
THE EAST INDIA SKETCH BOOK.—" 1 his
work contains a series of narratives, both grave and gay,
descriptive of life and manners in the land of curries and
coolies, and castes, and cobra capellat. The writer is a
lady ; but no subject, civil or military, seems to he too
much for her, from the details of a cantonment to those
of a courtmartial. In all, however, she is intelligent and
agreeable. The Reminiscences of Shaik are
worthy to he a chapter in ' Hijji Baba,' while the Half
Caste' and The Punishment' are sketches worthy of the
best novelists of the day."—Morning Herald.

The Journal du Havre of the 13th imt.
states that the Russian vessel the Vrow Ilizabeth, having
on board 160 Polish refugees, put into that port for the
purpose of repairing some damages she had sustained at
sea., Notwithstanding she had a clean bill of health, the
authorities ordered her to perform quarantine, and placed
guards to prevent any one going on shore. Thus she
remained for several days, without being allowed any
communication with the town. This measure being
considered by the people as harsh and unjust, a numerous
body of young mr n rushed down to the port, determined
to release the prisoners, at about 11 o'clock on the night
of the 12th, and the guard, insufficient in strength, being
taken by surprise, offered no resistance, but suffered the
people to proceed with boats to the Vrow Elizabeth, who
brought many of the Poles ashore. In the mean time the
armed force was mustered, and on their landing sur-
rounded the unfortunate Poles and conveyed them to the
several guard-houses. The soldiers performed this duty
without any violence, nor did they meet with any resist-
ance either from the Poles or the people. Two of the
exiles and one young man of Havre were "lightly wounded
by the bayonets, but this was purely accidental, and from
the confusion created by the darkness. About 100 Poles
remained confined till the morning, when the Mayor gave
his consent that the 'Poles should remain ashore, and be
entertained by those who were inclined to show them
hospitality, until the vessel is ready to sail, or until further
orders ore received from the Government, in answer to
a petition which the Poles have sent to Paris, to be
presented to the Chamber of Deputies.

Zbr 4011')).."-.A4T; ill/

LONDON,
SATURDAY EVENING, JANUARY 18, 183 t.

The Morning Post says—" We believe we
may positively announce that Earl GREY yes-
terday resigned office. Upon the events
which may follow this not unexpected proce-
dure it would for the present be premature to
speculate." It would indeed. The Post is
wise in reserving its speculations for the moment
when the event shall have occurred. Lord
GREY has not resigned !

No communication has yet been made to the
Portuguese Embassy from our Government as
to the proposal for sending troops to Portugal.
It is believed, however, that as soon as the
Cabinet Council shall have assembled to receive
the report of Earl GREY, relative to his late
visit to the KING, the Portuguese Ambas-
sador will receive a communication from
Ministers. It is stated in the diplomatic circles
that there has been no disagreement between
Lord GREY and 'Lord PALMERSTON on this
subject, and that the members of the Cabinet
who opposed the views of those Noble Lords,
withdrew their opposition when they found that
Lord GREY made a sine qua 72072 of the line of
policy which he recommended. What that is,
however, has not transpired.
There cannot, we imagine, be any difference
of opinion among reasonable men as to the pro-
priety of sending troops to Portugal, whatever
may be the opinions respecting the person now
at the head of the Constitutional Government.
So long as Don MIGUEL be permitted to
remain in Portugal the absolute Sovereigns of
the Continent will make that country the means
of thwarting the liberal views
,of Great Britain
and France, and of preventing the consolidation
of those views so much desired by the friends
of peace and order. They have for the last
three years embarrassed us by their sup-
port of the King of HOLLAND, and on
the same principle they support the Usurper
of Portugal. It is very important, there-
fore, not as, regards the question of right
between Don MIGUEL and the QUEEN, but
from the necessity of having our hands free for
mightier projects, that British troops should be
sent to the aid of the Constitutionalists. It will
not follow that because we send troops to Lis-
bon, Don PEDRO the present Ministry are to
be supported. If the sense of the people of
Portugal should be against them, the presence
of British troops in that country will encourage
the PALMELLA, or Moderate party, to declare
itself, and a change of Government will take
place without any injurious effect to the Consti-
tution. There is one argument for the pre-
sence of British troops which appears to us to
be unanswerable. Don PEDRO has declared
that he will resign the Regency if the Cortes
should consider his resignation necessary, and
he is, or affects to be, anxious for the meeting
of the Cortes. Their meeting, however, is
impracticable in the present state of the country,
more than two-thirds of the persons qualified
to sit being under the control of the Usurper,
and therefore unable to proceed to Lisbon. Let
the Miguelites be subdued and their chief ex-

pelled and there will be no obstacle to the as-
sembling of the Cortes. The country will then
have an opportunity of declaring its wishes, and
neither force nor intrigue can protract the sway
of the present Ministry, or that of the REGENT,
if they or he should be objected to by the
people.

Earl GREY returned from Brighton yesterday
afternoon, and immediately afterwards proceeded
to dine with Prince TALLEYRAND, who had
invited Lord HOLLAND, Lord JOHN RUS-
SELL, Lord DUNCANNON, and a select party,
to meet him. We have heard that Lord GREY
expressed himself perfectly satisfied with his
reception at Brighton.

We have much to say upon the capabilities of
Ireland, and we shall begin with the district of
Connemara, in the county of Galway,' of all
others the wildest in Ireland. This district con-
tains about 350,000 English acres. With its
islands, it possesses 400 miles of sea shore,
along which there are upwards of twenty safe
and capacious harbours formed by nature, fit for
vessels of any burthen. There are about twenty
fine navigable lakes in the interior of a mile or
more in length, besides hundreds of smaller di-
mensions. Various inlets of the sea penetrate
the district, so that no part is distant four miles
from existing navigation. Lough Corrib has
about 50 miles of shore, so that with Lough
Mask, and other Loughs, there are as many
miles of shore of the sea or navigable lakes, as
there are square miles of surface. If there
ever was a part of a country formed by na-
ture to be the seat of commerce, it is the
district of Connemara. Connected with the
Shannon, which rolls a gentle current of 200
miles from north to south, navigable the whole
way, all the products of the east and west of
Ireland might be carried for exportation to any
of its harbours, from whence all its imports
might be transported by water-carriage to the
east and south of Ireland ; so that if it once
had a manufacturing district as Liverpool has
behind it, a port upon its shore might rival that
great emporium of foreign commerce. At the
source of the Shannon coal and iron-stone are
found in abundance, and the district itself
abounds with minerals. Coal alone is the in-
strument through the power of steam by which
the manufactures of Lancashire are promoted,
and all the natural local advantages in this part
of Ireland much outstrip those of the county
of Lancaster, or even its acquired advan-
tages, its industry only excepted. Shall the
British Government then do nothing to re-
lieve the distresses of Ireland, and to give a
spring to industry in that country, when the
means are so easily in its power? We will not,
we cannot believe it. Let it be considered that
if an Irish cabin contained but half the articles
found in an English cottage, what an increase

would be made to every branch of British manu-
facturing industry, and what an increase might
also be given to the public income. The gross
amount of the duties of customs last year in
Irela►►d were only 1,516,9081., ~Thiln those of
Great Britain were 18,167,6651. The excise
duties of Ireland were only 2,198,7591., while
those of Great Britain were 16,650,7361.
Stamps in Ireland were only 472,9781., which
in Great Britain were 6,947,9151., and of
assessed taxes in Ireland there are none, while
those last year in Great Britain amounted
to 5,339,9231. We know it may be said
that Ireland, in her consumption, repays part
of the duties of customs collected in Eng-
land. But this only proves that Ireland has
little foreign trade, for which it has been our
present object to show the country which forms
her western coast is peculiarly calculated.
When industry begins to march in Ireland, the
power of demagogues and of priests will be at
an end, and we trust the Government will give
the word.

We have received the Paris Papers of Thurs-
day. One of them, the National, states that the
Queen of SPAIN had returned without having
opened the communication of General LLAN-
DER, and that the General, after having held
a consultation with the civil authorities of Bar-
celona, had sent back the original letter without
any apology for that line of conduct. If this
statement be true the Constitutionalists of Cata-
lonia must have resolved upon a public declara-
tion of their sentiments. This appears to be
probable from the fact that General VALDEZ,
and some other Constitutional officers, who had
previously declined taking any part in Spanish
affairs, are about to leave France for Spain.
We regret to state that very distressing accounts
of the effects of the late hurricanes have reached
Paris from various quarters. There was no
sitting in the Chamber of Deputies on Thurs-
day. In the sitting of Wednesday the law re-
lative to the majorats was repealed, in so far as
to make it no longer necessary that the preserva-
tion of a hereditary title of nobility should depend
on the possession of an independent income
transmissible from father to son.

FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS, JAN. 16.
Five per Cents., 104 f. 75c. 90c. 85e.
Four and a Half per Cents, 101 f.
Four per Cents., 92f.
Three per Cents., 75f. 25c. 30c. 25c.
National Loan, 104 f. 75c.
Bank Actions, ',woe
Rente de Naples, 90f. 90c.
Roman Five per Cents., 92 9' '3; 11.
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., IEN.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 38,,; 3E3 377;.
Royal Spanish Loan, 79 79 79Y2.
Rente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 61 61% 607;,.
Belgian Loan, 1931, Five per Cent., 97 965 i.
Haytian Loan, 270 f.
EXCHANGE'. ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f. 30c. ; money, 25f. 25c.
Three months, paper, 9.5 f. 15c.; money, 20f. 10;..
—Coors Autheatique.

The German Papers, which arrived this
morning, contain an article from Vienna, dated
the sth inst., which furnishes another proof of
the effect produced on foreign Governments by
the belief that the British Cabinet will make
any concession to prevent war. The article
says :—" The tone of the English journals is
very warlike, but nobody is deceived by this;
for the aversion of the English nation to a war
is well known."

This impression is a serious obstacle to the
efforts which our Cabinet are making to bring
the Emperor of ltusstA to reason; for iltlst

he imagines that the English nation will not
consent to a war under any circumstances, he will
defy the menaces of the English Government. It
isstated in an article from Berlin, dated Jan 6, that
Russia does not coincide with the views of the
German Powers, in several matters connected
with the conferences on the Belgian question,
but that the Prussian Court is charged with the
task of reconciling these differences of opinion.
This is only another excuse for delay.

Whilst we are ourselves struggling to main-
tain the principles of free trade in this country
principles the enforcement of which become
every day the more necessary from the increas-
ing embarrassment occasioned by our restrictive
system, we are gratified at perceiving the strength
they are gathering abroad. The Swiss Com-
mercial Commission, now sitting at Zurich, has
passed the following resolutions :
" Ist. The Swiss Confederation shall maint.,in unal-
tered the system of free trade and industry it has hitherto
olyerved.
" 2J. Under no circumstances, and under no condition,
shall it join either the French line of customs, or the
Prussian Customs•union (Zollunion), or any other foreign
line of customs whatever.
" 3d. The Confederation shall, on the other hand, do
all it can to promote and effect the application of the
principles of free trade.
" 4th. The Swiss Confederation shall, as far as possible,
negotiate and conduct with the neighbouring states special
conventions, with the view of disposing of the products
of its lands and vineyards, and of its cattle, with the
fewest possible restrictions ; of obtaining the free purchase
of grain, anti of regulating the mutually advantageous and
daily traffic of the frontiers and markets.
" sth. The Confederation shall, where freedom of trade
is not attainable, endeavour to procure the taking off of all
prohibitions, with all possible alleviations of toll dues, as
well as to obtain that the transit dues be as light as possible.
" 6th. The Confederation shall, where it can obtain
exceptional favouts, make use of them to negotiate and
regulate those measures of security which it may be pos-
sible to undertake and execute for the attainment of the
objoet in view, without restricting trade, or too great
diminution of personal freedom.

" 7th. In the interior of Smilerland the Conf-deration
shall favour whatever can promote, and remove as far as
pssible whatever can be prejudicial to, industry ! yet it
shall not meddle with the interior regulations of the mer-
chants and manufacturers."

We may be still met for a time in Germany, in
France, and the North of Europe, with at-
tacks upon the want of conformity between our
principles and our practice ; but the exertions
now making all over England to obtain a free
trade in food, and the steady adherence of Swit-
zerland to the above resolutions will offer examples
to the world which may be much more justly
referred to as what ought to be. In the case
of Switzerland and the stir now making in
England, we may see the work of the people
instructed by experience ; in the case of France,
of Prussia, and North America, we see the
work of Governments and of the people unin-
structed by experience. Let our landowners
ponder upon the fourth resolution we have
quoted above, and blush at themselves, if the
power of doing so be left them.
The Times, we see, speaking of the effect
this conduct of Switzerland may have upon its
Prussian relations, says—

" If the latter refuse her advances, a rigid system of
exclusion against their trade may be adopted by the Ger-
mans, and the French are not likely to indemnify them for
the loss of a German market by opening liberally that of
France to their commercial and manufacturing enterprise.
We know that they have reagn to complain already of the
French tariffs, and, by what we formerly stated, it is ni.t
likely that the French restrictive duties will he soon
sensibly diminished. If these facts be correct, and these
suspicions well founded, the Commercial Commission of
Switzerland, however right in principle, and howev,r
patriotic in intention, will be obliged to adapt themselves
to circumstances, and to abate somewhat of their unlimited
commercial freedom."

From all that we have heard, we do not believe
the French tariff offers any very material impe-
diment to the introduction of the principal ar-
ticles of Swiss manufacture. There was a story
current in Paris some years ago, which will
sufficiently illustrate the state of opinion
there with respect to the efficiency of
the tariffs in keeping out Swiss jewellery. The
French Minister of Commerce being at Geneva,
bought of one of the principal watchmakers
there, watches and jewellery to a large amount.
Having completed his purchase he complained
of the difficulty of passing it over the French
frontier. " Oh," said the jeweller (Mr. GONIL-
HOU, we think), " do not make yourself uneasy,
we will insure the delivery of the parcel to you
in Paris on the payment of five per cent."—
" Very well, there is the money, I am the
French Minister of Commerce." The jeweller
smiled, and said that he had no doubt of
being able to keep his word. The Minister forth-
with posted off to Paris, and on hii way warned
the cordon of custom-house officers not to let
the parcel pass them. He arrived at Paris, and
the next day it was laid on his dressing-room
table. A s regards all easy portable articles, or
even bulky articles of value, like silk, we know,
by our own experience, that this is not at all an
impossible occurrence. But, at all events,
Switzerland has adopted the wise course all
States ought to pursue, for her enemies cannot
do her so much injury by the imposition of dis-
criminating duties, as she would do herself by
following their bad example.

The blackbird has been heard this week pour-
ing forth his melody in Burghley-park, as well as a number
of other birds which are usually silent till the opening of
spring. The rooks have commenced their habitations in
many places ; and we have seen a fine posy of flowers
which seldom blow except in summer. It is a singular
fact that in many parts of the county lying high, a drier
season has not been known for years : few of the springs
are yet opened.—tineolushire Chronicle.
MELANCHOLY DEATH OF A CLERGY-
)IAN.—We regret to announce the death of the Rev. Mr.
Janes, curate of Stainton, in Cleveland, under the follow-
ing circumstances :—The Rev. Gentleman, on the even
ing of Wednesday, left Stockton on his pony to proceed
to his own house, distant about four miles ; and at an
early hour on the following morning he was found dead
on the road, near to the Bridge-house, on the Yorkshire
side of the river Tees. The Rev. Gentleman has left a
widow and family to lament their irreparable loss. We
have not heard how the Rev. Gentleman's death was
occasioned. —Newcastle Journal.
CORONER'S INQUEST.—MYSTERIOUS DlS-
covEnx.--AtiontEß SUPPOSED CHILD MURDER.-Fur
some days past the neighbourhood of Lis,on-grove North,
has been in a state of greit excitation in cons (pence of
the remains of an infant, apparcn' ly about four months
old, having been found entombed under the foundation of
a house, situate No. 5, Stephen-street—a portion of the
skeleton, which was enclo6ed in a kind of rough shell. A
long investigation threw no light on the subject, further
than that the landlord of the hou,e, who accidentally
discovered the body, thought it must have laid there for
five or six years; when the Jury, after consulting together,
returned the following verdict :—" That tie remains wet e
found buried under the kitchen floor; but whether the
infant had been destroyed or died a natural death, there
was no evidence to prove." The inquiry lasted nearly
isveu twuro,"