The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-18 00:00:00

GERMANY.

The Berlin Commission for the London Exhibi-
tion has engaged to supply a Berlin publisher with
a list of the German exhibitors and the articles
sent, in order that a German catalogue may be
prepared; it will ccntain the prices of the
articles and goods attached to each entry. The
price of this catalogue is to be 10 groschen,
or 13. The privilege of travelling in the second-
class carriages for the fare of the third, asked by
the Government for all Prussian industriels going to
England to visit the Exhibition, has been granted by
the directors of the following railroad companies—
the Westphalian, the Aix la Chapelle and Dusseldorf,
the Berg and Mark, and the Lower Silesian.
From Cassel it is stated that the action of the
troops of the Band is suspended, and that they will
entirely evacuate the territory on the 16th. The
Hessian trooos which have been already concen-
trated about Hanau will return to their old quar-
ters. The journals state it is high time the oc-
cupation should cease—for the country has suffered
greatly under it—so much so, that scarcity and
dearth of provisions are apprehended during the en-
suing spring.
A letter from Munich states that the order for the
withdrawal of the Bavarian troops from Hesse was
given on the evening of the 9th, and dispatched to the
Prince of Thurn and Taxis, who is to execute it
immediately, if the Hessian Government does not
expressly demand that they may remain longer.
Bavaria and Saxony have presented memorials to
the Committee of the Dresden Conference on Trade,
pointing out the propriety of endeavouring to orga-
nize a general Zollverein of all Germany, including
Austria. Bavaria, proposes the following as the
basis of the Austro-German Customs Union:—
" 1. Mutual free importation of all home productions
of nature, indus,ry, and art, by the abolition of all duties
upon their entrance into either commercial polity, and
free trade in the same within both, with the exception
of those articles specially named and specified, whereby
the freedom of trade in articles of national produce is to
be regarded as the rule, and the limitation as the ex-
ception.

"2. The exception from the rule would be:—(a.)
Those objects which in any one or more of the commer-
cial systems are a state monopoly, or are subject to a tax
on their use. (b.) Those products which are taxed too
unequally in the different commercial systems. _ (c.)
Those products also which are so slightly different from
similar foreign articles that a certain control of the
same would be accompanied with great difficulties (sugar
and coffee manufactured). (d.) Finally, the produce of
several great branches of industry, the expense of pro-
duction, and other necessary conditions of which differ
too mach from those of the other commercial systems to
permit them to bear the immediate competition without
decided disadvantages and diminution of their prospe-
rity; though with the condition that a gradual diminu-
tion of the per-tentage of the several items in the tariff
of each shall take place at suitable periods.
" 3. Liberation of all national produce of nature, in-
dustry, and art, from transit duties, and every possible
facilitation of other transit goods not belonging to these
categories, with a gradual introduction of total freedom
from transit duties.
" 4. Liberation cf all export goods from export
duties, with the exception of a few materials for ma-
nufacture.
" 5. The mutual facilitation to the utmost possible ex-
tent of all industrial traffic, by mutual liberation of the
commercial travellers from the payment of duties (with
patterns enty),a‘hen of the market and fair traffic.
Equ,ltreat,mtnat of the subject of the contracting state
io xefercnec to the protection of patents for inventions,
patterns, and manufacturers' signs, against improper
imitation, and if possible a general and equal legislature
on this subject.
`• 6. Facilitatio❑ and simplification of the raising of
road, bridge, and paving dues, and consideration of the
easiest mode by which the same can be placed on an
equal footing.
7. The consideratien of the establishment and main-
tenance of the most important sets of roads on which
the goods traffic is carried on in the states of the Ger-
man Confederation.
" 8. The greatest co-operation towards effecting the
establishment of a general system of money, measures,
and weights, and the preliminary measures necessary to
procure an official reduction of the existing moneys, mea-
sures, and weights.
" 9. Equal treatment of the subjects of the contracting
states in reference to the payment of canal, sluice,
bridge, ferry, harbour, road, and depot (Ines, and also for
the was of the existing institutions for the facilitation of
traffic.

10. An agreement as to the most effective measures
for the suppression of smuggling; and especially, there-
fore, the speediest possible conclusion of a general cus-
toms duties cartel."

The memorial concludes by proposing the follow-
ing four articles of agreement :
" 1. The customs and commercial union between all
the states of the Germanic Confederation shall be pro-
moted by the means of a treaty, and for this purpose the
special deliberation on the conclusion of au extensive
traffic and commercial treaty on the bases alluded to
above shall be commenced at , by commissioners
deputed for the purpose, within four weeks from the
general ratification of the present egreement.
"2. Within the same period an especial negotiation
shad be commenced between the commissioners from
the German littoral states which are concerned in the
regulation of the navigation and dues relations on all na-
vigable German rivers, both for the purpose of allevi-
ating the hurthens on shipping, as also for the introduc-
tion of an equal and general treatment of the same.
"3. A sp-cial commission shall further be at the
same time appointed, to consist of deputies from the fe-
deral states of Germany, for the purpose of drawing up
a general navigation-law for Germany, of determining
the nature of the German flag, its rights, the conditions
upon which it may be carried, the rights of the harbours
of Germany, and the measures necessary for the protec-
tion of the foreign trade of Germany, together with the
relations of the German navy.
"4. To the same commission, the whole consulate
system of the German federal states shall be confided, for
the purposes of revision and for the establishment of ge-
neral normal rules binding on all the trade consuls ap-
pointed abroad by the Governments of the Germanic
Confederation.

"All consuls appointed by the Governments of the
Germanic Confederation shall at once be authorised to
afford to all merchants and mariners who are subjects of
a German federal state the same protection as subjects
of the state which appointed then.
"Dresden, Dec. 31, 1850."
The following is an abstract of the Saxon Memo-
randum :

" The necessity of this inquiry will be evident when
one reflects on the real cause of the prevailing discon-
tent with the constitution of the confederation—the dis-
content not merely of doctrinists, republicans, and social
democrats, but of a great part of the people. It has
often and ju-,tly been said, that the retrograde character
of the confederation consists less in its forms than its de-
ficiencies with reference to material interests. If it be
sAlted in what these deficiencies consist, every one will
answer generally herein; that during so long a series of
years there his been no common legislation on commer-
cial matters, in post-office and railway regulations with
respect to corn, weights, and measures, &c., that transit
by land and water has been impeded by many heavy
burthen3, and that the foreign interests of Germany have
been left almost totally without protection. *
It has been before shown that the threatened levelling
system uf the N_ational Assembly has provoked
the opposition
many particular interests—
theosi of
opposition between agriculture and industry.
between half and complete c on
manufa t • - es, between
combination and free labour. But at this moment we
passive, and there
are should give occasion to nefweidliitvietssioantspirfeswenetrefmorapinreod_
curing union. AssemblyTheraan-
y these. Then there
all the German Governments one 13
a the representatives of
are, Ist, the happy success of the peat and telegraph ad-
miuistration; 2d, the communication by - railway;
favoured
commerce Zuliverein tariff, that has so materially 3
commerce on the Rhine and on the Elbe; and, finally,
d
and chiefly the manifest disposition of the three prin-
cipal populations to approximate to each other, n dispo-
sition partly openly expressed, and partly to be inferred
from the commercial relations to each other. * *
The great German Zollverein, after an existence of seven-
teen years, is on the eve of a renewal of its contracts, and
also of a greater or less radical re-organisation. At least
it is not to be expected that on this occasion again its
action will be prolonged without alteration. Neverthe-
less, this alteration will not spring from a general dis-
content at its working, and far less will it aim at its dis-
solution. * * • The Saxon Government holds the
most favourable positi n for a disinterested considera-
tion of this subject. No country would feel more se-
verely than Saxony the consequences of any false steps

that may be taken with respect to it. The antagonism
between agriculture and manufactures and factory inte-
rests, widely separated from each other, which exist
separately on the coast lands of South Germany, exist
together on a small theatre in Saxony. The same may
be said touching commercial and factory interests, the
first of which is so conspicuously represented by the side
of the other in Leipsie. * * When we look to
Austria, we shall find the Government there inclined to
an approximation; nay, more—to a decided adoption of
our Z Alverein. And in the north irterepts have been
made lately to introduce changes which, had they suc-
ceeded, would have made many near approaches to our
system. There are many reasons Vi by the north should
warmly enter into our union, especially as by the junc-
tion of Austria to it, an Marnen,e market would be
opened to northern commerce. * * But what is
principally to be done? What can be done? How far
can the deliberations of the Conference promote this
object? * * * It may be thought that the simplest
measure would be the dissolution of all Zellvereins now
existing in Germany, on the understanding that a new
Verein, including all the German States, should be esta-
blished. But it would be difficult to get the consent of
all the states to this; besides it would he, in the first in-
stsnce, not to approach but to remove away from the
object aimed at. The great advaraege of the already
existing union of so many states of d.'fferent interests
would be sacrificed, and it would be difficult when they
were once scattered to bring them again together in
teems al mutually beneficial. * The only
practical mode of proceeding is to extend and carry out
the Verein on its existing principles. The present alli-
:slices should be carefully maintained, bat preparetions
should be made for mutual approximations of different
systems and for the amalgamation of all of them in one.
* * The conferences may, therefore, deter-
mine to set in the place of the 19th article of the Diet
Act and the 64th article of the Vienna concluding Act
resolutions very specifically expressed, somewhat to the
following effect:—
" All the German Governments pledge themselves to
use all their efforts to bring about a union of all the
German states by a common legislatio❑ in all customs
and commercial matters, by the similar establishment of
commercial institutions, and by free internal transit,with
a view to the further development and mutual approxi-
mations of already existing alliances."
"For this purpose plenipotentiaries will be, as soon
as possible, appointed, in order to come to resolutions
on the following points:—On approximations to the
tariff (Anniiheruny dertant). On he most equalising
Zoll organi,ation (Moglichst gleiche Zoll organization).
On a mutual administrative control, and the preparation
of means for later union transactions. On the facilita•
tion of transit commerce. On water carriage. On come
piece freedom in the mutual exchange of raw materials
and all articles declared in all tariffs to be free. On the
facilitation of a mutual commerce in manufactures. On
frontier and improvements in commerce.
" Finally. On the formation of a standing committee
for consultation, for the removal of all impediments to
the complete union, and for the preparation and estab-
lishment of a common legislation with respect to all
commercial objects—for example, a commercial law
book, coins, weights, measures, patents, &c. &c.
" Dresden, January, 1851."