The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-25 00:00:00

the north-eastern extension, across the Tbull Ghaut to.

wards Nagpore and Jubbulpore, and the Berar cotton-
fields, would soon be commenced. The Madras, the
Bombay and Baroda, and the Scinde Railways were being
vigorously prosecuted, and several other lines were pro-
jected, among which was that from Seleucia, on the
Mediterranean, to Jabr Castle, on the Euphrates, which
river it was proposed to navigate by means of steam
vessels of shallow draught of water. This recent project
had been entrusted to Sir J. Macneill, M. Inst. C. E.
Since the kingdom of Oude had become a part of .the
British possessions, arrangements had been made for
affording tit•the benefit of participation in the railway
system, which would be commenced by the construction
of a line of 50 miles in length, between Cawnpore and
Lucknow, whence branches would extend to the most
important districts, and be connected with the East
Indian Railway. Other lines were also proposed for
Gorruckpore, Tirhoot, and Purneab, all contributing to
the completion of the internal communications in India.
The Pernambuco railway, in the prosecution of which
the late Mr. M. A: Borthwick, M. Inst. C.E., lost his

life, had been placed in the charge of Mr. W. M. Penis-
ton, M. Inst. C.E., and was making satisfactory pro-
gress.
The Dom Pedro, the second railway, starting from
Rio de Janeiro, and passing up the "Serra," into the val-
ley of the Parahiba, and through the principal coffee-
producing districts, would be about 200 miles in length.
The first section of 40 miles was commenced in 1855,
and would be completed by about the middle of next
year. The survey was made amidst a dense primeval
forest, and in many places through water 5 or 6*feet
deep, and great difficulty was encountered in executing
the earthworks with slave labour and inadequate tools.
By degrees, however, European methods were intro-
duced by Mr. E. Price, Assoc. Inst. C. E., the oontrac
for ; and under the superintendence of Mr. C. B.
Lane, M. Inst. C. E., engineer-in-chief to the Home De-
partment of the Brazilian Government, the railway pro-
mised to become a fine enterprise. Mr. Charles Neate,
Assoc. Inst. C.E., was also engaged under the Brazilian
Government, iu constructing important hydraulic works
at Rio de Janeiro. They consisted of quay-walls along
the sea front of the city, with piers and jetties, formed of
granite masonry, set in lies mortar, for which the lime-
stone was sent from England.
In Canada the railway undertaken by Messrs. Peto,
Brassey, Bette, and Jackson might be said to be
complete, with the exception of the link to be formed
by the Victoria Tubular bridge, across the river St.
Lawrence, which was now in progress.
On the continent gradual extensions of all the main
lines were being made. The Lombardo-Venetian eye-
tern had been transferred to a powerful company, now
preparing to act with great energy in the prosecution
of their plans. The " Victor Emmanuel " line, under
the direction of Mr. Bartlett, M. Inst. C. E., acting for
Mr. Brassoy, Assoc. Inst. C. E., the contractor, was
approaching the chain of the Alps, for the traversing of
which preparations were being made, and experiments
upon the machinery for the work of tunnelling on a
large scale were being tried. That portion of the line
from Aix-les-Bains, passing through Chambery to St.
Jean de Maurienne, upwards of 55 miles in length,
was opened for public traffic last October. The works
were originally laid out by, and to a great extent exe-
cuted under, the direction of Mr. Nieurnann, who was
succeeded, last year, by Mr. Rtcceo, under whose super-
vision they were now carried on.
In Turkey, and in Russia, extensive projects both for
railways and steam navigation were being agitated ;
whilst in Egypt, H. H., the energetic SaidPacha, wag
completing the railway communication between Cairo
and Suez, spanning the Nile by a vast iron bridge at
Kaffre Azzayat, and had confided to Mougel Bey the
construction of the preliminary works for the canal
across the Isthmus of Suez, advocated by M. Ferdi-
nand de Lesseps ; whilst he had authorised the estab-
lishment, upon the Nile and Matirnoudieh Canal, of a
complete system of steam towing vessels and barges,
now in course of construction in this country.
One of the most important, as well as most int,rest-
ing, projects of the period was the submarine electric
telegraph cable proposed to bo laid from Valentia, on
the west coast of Ireland, to St. John's, Newfoundland,
a distance of 1,600 miles, along the bank, or plateau,
discovered by Lieutenant Maury, over which the greatest
depth of the ocean did not exceed 2,070 fathoms. By a
new method of enclosing the insulated conducting wires
within a covering of ropes, composed of small wires laid
in an opposite direction to that of the general " lay" of
the cable, a light and flexible cable was formed, which
was stated to be capable of bearing the strain of deposit-
ing in extreme depths, and having no tendency to
twist or " kink " during the process. This ingedious
modification of the urinal construction of cable was ad-
vised by Mr. Brunel, V.P., whose co-operation was
sought by Mr. Cyrus Field and Mr. J. W. Brett, the
projectors, under the advice of Professor Morse. The
successful result of this daring project for cennecting the
old with the new world would be more effectual than
any efforts of diplomacy, in cementing that intimate
union, so desirable for the true interests of the two

5)
4t
St.

countries.
The vital questions of the metropolitan sewerage, the
new streets, and the bridges, remained as undecided as
at the period of the last report.
The principal papers read during the session were then
noticed, mention being particularly made of the oral
addresses by Mr. Bidder, V. P. Inst. C.E., "On Men-
tal Calculation," the object of which was to demonstrate
that the system could be taught to children, and be
acquired with less irksomeness and greater facility than
ordinary arithmetic. Special notics was also taken of
the paper by Mr. John Murray, M. Inst. C. E., on
the " Sunderland Docks," which, as an example of
dock engineering, stood almost unrivalled in this
country.inhaienboT rTrnn,ahoohr re
juey honorary
membersrdycwee
cdchmideceases
haseuitsomiloeoduebi t
Chisholm,
member
were
hrsbteei
Messrs.
stronglyehebem ieseatranissngmembers.maintained.
The urgedltfor t o
reference continue
nt
do
con-
sultationp r e
sent copies of scientific and proessional works to the
y
,enAhd. d. üBRr
oie
tgh
wt
Dr.ee k year
Ja .c
k Bren-
ner, arlel weretud
C. Rommel!, J. M.
Rendel, T. 8.. Statham, F. Whishaw, and T. J. Wood-
house, members ; and Lient.-Gen. D. M'Leod, Messrs.
J. Beatty, T. Cubitt, D. M'lntosh, J. F. Miller, and
R. Wilkins, associates. The memoirs of these gentle-
men were given in the appendix to the report. The
resignations of one member and two associates were an-
nounced, and it was stated that the effective increase
(after deducting the deceases and resignations) during
the year amounted to 14, whilst the total number on
the books was 802 members of all classes.
The statement of the receipts and expenditure showed
that there was a balance of upwards of 7001. in the hands
of the treasurer; and that the financial position was very
satisfactory, so that not only wou.d the current expenses
be easily met, but a balance would remain to bring up
any arrears of publication, or to provide for contingen-
cies.
During the year the second parts of volumes 11, 12,
and 14 of the Minutes of Proceedings had been pub-
lished and issued, and the whole of volume 15. There
now only remained to complete the series of 15 volumes,
extending over 20 years, the second parts of volumes 7,
and 10, and the whole of volume 13.
After the reading of the report, Telford medals were
presented to Messrs. J. Murray, J. M. Heppe!, H.
Robinson, C. R. Drysdale, and F. M. Kelley ; and
council premiums of books to Messrs J. Murray, G.
Herbert, Evan Hopkins, J. W. Reinke, J. Baillie, and
W. K. Hall.
The thanks of the institution were unanimously voted
to the president, for his attention to the duties of his
office ; to the vice-presidents and other members and
associates of council, for their co-operation with the
president; and constant attendance at the meetings ; as
also to the auditors of the accounts and the scrutineers
of the ballot, for their services. Special votes of thanks
were accorded to Mr. Bidder for his addresses on " Men-
tal Calculation," and to Mr. C. Manby, secretary, for
the manner in which he had performed the duties of his
office, and his constant attention to the individual wishes
of the members.
The following gentlemen were elected to fill the seve-
ral offices on the Council for the ensuing year :—Robt.
Stephenson, M.P., President ' • G. P. Bidder, I. K. Bru-
nel, J. Hawkshaw, and J. Locke, M.P., Vice-Presi-
dents ; W. G. Armstrong, J. Cubitt, J. E. Errington,
J. Fowler, C. H. Gregory, T. Hawksley, J. R.
M'Clean, J. S. Russell, J. Whitworth, and N. Wood,
members ; and R. W. Kennard and Sir M. Stephenson,
,associates.
The meeting was then adjourned until Tuesday, Jan.
13, 1857, when it was announced that the monthly
ballot for members would take place, and the following
paper would be read, "On Submarine Electric Tele-
graphs," by Mr. F. R. Window, Assoc. Inst. C. E.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.—Tuesdays Jan.
13, 1857, at 8 p.m., "On Submarine Electric Tele-
graphs." By Mr. F. R. Window, Assoo. Inst. C. E.

The Pays explains that the publication in the Moni-
teur of M. Fonld's report is called for by "false asset..
tione," repeatedly made in foreign jeurnalv, to the effect
that the Emperor's civil list was burdened with debt,
and that he had even dipped iot ) the public treasury
to provide for his liberalities. The Pays insists that
according to well-established rules for keeping the
public accounts, it is quite impossible that any malver-
sation of public money can take place in France.

4 - 4

122 91 imbg. No;tug. Boot
and &+A°. Jun A.
50 "01 lolffot & Titsllyrorna
Gil al Miming. Wolve;h. ~
Stour Valley .....
11 all Hirkeohd. Lance, e
Cheshire June._
27i .0' Do. Chesh. & Birk..
22 all ao., do. ..... ..... ....
25 all Blackburn
45 all Myth FiTyaeorlgila.
£25 (issd. at £4:-
,100 Bristol and Kzetoi ..
100„„ Caledonian.
100 ' ," Chester & Holyhead
i all Cork and Eand.on ,
all Cork, Black, es Pase
I all Cornwall
all Do. A
8 Do. B
45 Dubiin&Belfastiunc
ail Dun. P. & Aher. Jnc
100 East Anglian
" ' F.astern Counties ,
100 east. anion, Al Sti
10': E®., B. 5t0ck,...,,
8 1
A Do., New A
17I.! East Kent
100 I .v,ast LAneashire
al East Suffolk
4 I Do.
100 I Edinburgh Glasgo
1 all i Edinb. and Peebles
l-n 0 Bdin.Prth diDnndo
' all j Forth & Clyde Jun
100 ;Furness
1100 Glasgow &S. Westrn
all (Great N. of Scotlnd.
100 IGreat Northern......
1100 'Do., A. Stock
100 Do., B. 5t0ck........
1)0 i Gt. r3th. &West.(lre.)
1100 ;Great Western
100 IDo. Stour Val. Rai
I Gus. Stk
all llrish South-Eastern
all Lancaster & (Neigh
14i Do., Thirds
12 Do. New Thirds
11.1-00 L. neash.andYorksh.
1 114 Do., Wst. Riding Un.
all Do. Southr ort
all Loudon Ix Blackwall
100 1 Lond.Bright &S.Cst
1100 I Loud. and N. Westn
16 !Do. Fifths
5A ,D3.1.01.5h.,11&8...C1
2 I Do. Eighths,.
100 London ann. Westn.
all Lndndrry&Colerain.
all lAudndrry. & Ennisk
.00 +fanch.Shef.& Limb
1 Metropolitan
1 Do. J. L. Ricardo's
arrangement
00 ifidland
,00 )o. Birmng. & Der b
all ...DM& G.West.(lra,
all Jo. Half Shares
all iewcastle & Carlisle.
all Nwpt.Aberg. tz Ilrfd
81 Yewry &Tinniskille'
all NTewry, Warronpoini
and Rostrevor
.00 i orfolk
3i 4 orthn.Countieslln
100 Korth British
1.00 Ala. Devon Rail &
Dock Stock .........
100 1)o., A. Stock
100 Do., B Stock
100 Y. Eastern—Berwh k
231 )o. do. Extension .
16i Do.do.G.N.E. IPtiroh

9i 20
74 —18 e,
.3i • 14t

93 95
6 63i
37 39

.. -'' •.•

••

. "..... ...

0} -
18* - 19!
9i 9i
38 !- 40
26 - 2e

- 5
90 92

51 - 55

(1 Cl Do. Leeds
t. 'OO Do. York
t. 100 North London
~.AT,S.Wstru.,llaml•
st3ad, and. City Jn..
0 1.7 t Borth Staffordshire.,
0 al iorth Westorn ,
0 all &S. Westrn.June
br., Wore., k Wolv.
14 •orternouth
0 9 Rhymney
It. . ottish (,ontral
;t. 1.0) Scot. N E.Abrdn St.
5 . :Ols Do. Scot. Mid. St
00 • •••••Nnshire ITni •
.0 2 SitinabournekSheer.
Iv a' ,f,ntn Devon
It. I i 44ath Eastern
It. LOO oath Wales
0 1 Vrksh. 4 Riv. On
T-0.. . .....

all 4 &nes, 'Wok. kW.."
Stockton & Darting
12 Do., do., 1154
3 Do., do., 1855
l' i t4lrzkt,-)n & Hr.rtlel
,i '2‘ff Vale...
lW' 7o . Pref., No. 1
72 shames Hat. D.& R
all Vole of Neath
all gaterfd. St Kilkenn3
all VaterforddaLimerio3
all West Cornwall.
all Vest End of Londor
and Crystal Palace..
all Do. A......
all Do. B
al i ATeat London
all Do. Filst Class— .
all Do. Second Class._
.ii ximblpiti. IzOroyann

COLONIAL.

9 pi,Anbay, tsAroda, .n(;

Can.lt Zia, g. 5-p. c,

o'l Do.

20
20
17h
20

I.OFLICeylon A shares
1 1 Do. B. do

all )ernerara
2s. Eastern Bengal
all q4ast Indian A and B,
3. E. 1).
5 Do. Ex. C, gu. sp. c
all Do. do. D, gu. sp. c.
all D 0.46 p. c. Bnds. ,'57
all i)o. do. do., '59, do
all Geelong & Melbourne
guar. 5 per cent
all Gd. Trunk of Canad a
all 70. Cert. of Deben.

20
1.(X)
too
100
tOO

con. into Stk.
all )o. Comp. 6p. c., do.
all It. In. Pen. g. sp. c.
2 Do Now, guar. sp. c
all Gt. Western of Canadr,
8 Do. Now
411 Jo. Bds., payable 's'
all Do. do., '76, p. '6O
r)o. do., '73 do.
all Do. do., '73, withou.
option
all Nfadras, guar. p.c
all Do. do., sp. c.
10 Do. 44 p. c. Exton
5 Do. 3d Es., g. sp. c
5 icindo, guar. sp. c.
all D 0...
18 St. Andrew's and
Quebeo (Al

:GB