The Sun.
London, England, 1833-11-16 00:00:00

EXCHiNUE ON LONDON.

One month, paper, 25f. 40c. ; money, 25f. 40c.
Three months, paper, 25f. 3Uc. ; money, 25f. 25c.
—Court Authentique.

We hear, from a highly respectable source,
that Don CARLOS has addressed a note to the
three Powers of the Holy Alliance, entreating
them not to sanction what he calls the act of
violence against his rights by the late King; or
at least to suspend any proceeding connected
with the subject until they shall have ascer-
tained, from authentic sources, the real state of
things in Spain, and the wishes of the Spanish
nation.

We have received Frankfort Papers to the
10th instant. The only article of interest they
contain is one under the date of Vienna, No-
vember 4, in which it is stated that the Duchess
de BERRI intends to pay another visit to her
family at Prague, after which she is to proceed,
with her husband, to settle in Tuscany. If this
be true, there is an end of all ground of un-
easiness to the French Government, for at least

a-* months. 'We place very little reliance,
ho er, upon any of the reports relative to the
proceedings of this erratic lady. As to the
previous report of her intending to make an.
other attempt at revolution in La Vendee during
the present year, we always considered it to be
a mere invention of the Parisian Journalists.
She has little to hope for there, unless the
conduct of the French Government should be-
come so outrageous that the nation, rather
than endure it longer, would avail itself of
any means, however repugnant to the gene-
ral feeling, to get rid of the incumbrance.
The political axiom, of " the end sanctifies the
means," might, in such case, be acted upon ;
but it must be a desperate extremity, indeed,
to induce the Liberals in France to accept the
aid of the Duchess de BERRI, even with the
intention of making her, after a time, the
victim of her own intervention.

The Spanish Ambassador at Vienna has
received his credentials from his Court, but
has not yet presented them, the young Queen,
DONNA ISABELLA not having been recognized
by the Court of Austria.

Virstra, Nov. s.—Five per Cents., 93i ; Four per
Cents., 82i; Bank Shares, 1,2081.

The agents of Don MIGUEL in this country
are not inactive. Within the last few days
several officers and a large number of men have
been engaged for the reinforcement of the Mi-
guelite army, and are to leave shortly for one of
the ports still in the possession of the Miguelites.
Information of these proceedings, having, how-
ever, been sent to the Ministers of Don PEDRO,
it is not improbable that before the arrival of
the reinforcements at the port of their destina-
tion they may fall into the power of the Con-
stitutional cruisers, who will be watching for
them.

Before entering into the question of whether
an immediate or postponed repeal of the Corn
Laws would be most advantageous to the agri-
cultural interest, as well as to the community at
large, it may not be undesirable still further to
show the necessity of one course or the other
being adopted. We are overflowing with capital
and yet meet thousands upon thousands in
every rank of life in the greatest trouble, on ac-
count of the precariousness of their means of
livelihood. Our economists have hitherto held
that employment was only limited by the want
of capital ; but the state of things now existing
proves them, as the able author of " England
and America" remarks, to have made a great
mistake. The circumstance maybe thus accounted
for. At the time their theory was framed, they
had not witnessed an accumulation of capital
for which no employment, that is, profitable
employment, could be found. Up to within
these last dozen years, as fast as capital
was created profitable employment was found
for it, and consequently, although the popu-
lation increased, no distress was felt for work
kept increasing in the same, perhaps in greater
proportion. Therefore political economists said
the employment of labour is limited only by the
amount of capital. A thousand facts now
prove that the employment of labour is limited
by something else, viz., the waiit of a field on
which profitably to lay out capital. The South
American mining schemes, the foreign loans,
made on all kinds of security and no security
at all, are justly referred to as so many proofs
that we are now, and have been for some years,
arrived at that state in which there is abundance
of capital, abundance of labour, and but little
profitable employment for either. The con-
sequence of the competition among the la-
bourers struggling to dispose of the only com-
modity they have to sell is a fall of wages. The
consequence of the superabundance and compe-
tition of capital is a low rate of profit. The
many losing speculations which are every day
entered into may be taken as tolerably good proof
of winning ones not being easily found. The op-
ponents of cheap bread continually ask, why the
moors and heaths of England, or the bogs
of Ireland, are not cultivated, a,serting, that
if they were, they would pay the expense, and
produce enough food to prevent the neces-
sity of buying it abroad. That even Ash-
down Forest may be made to produce corn
we know, and that particular spots like Chat
Moss may, under favourable circumstances, be;
brought into cultivation, we will not deny
but that it would be profitable to .bring the
greater part of our waste land into any sort
of tillage we do deny. How could it be profitable,
when there is already much land under .the
plough which does not pay the expenses of
cultivation ? That the time may come when
all our moors and heaths will become valuable is
pOssible ; but the only mode in which they
can be rendered so is by a large increase of
population, and to allow of that, foreign food
must have free liberty to enter our ports. It
being clear that capital is of no use unless
there exist a profitable mode of investing it,
that., a surplus of labour is productive of
misery to the working•classes, and that a field
for both is now wanting in England, the ques-
tion is, how we are to obtain that field ? If we
are to maintain not simply our superiority over
tshetitsleids a.
foqru easittihoonugwhh i ch
our oughtsurpl
uspeedily
labour
foreign nations, but our very internal peace,
rtocabne-
not so easily travel to where there is employ-
ment for it, our capital can. Some considerable
manufactures on the continent, which prevent
the sale of our own there, are actually carried
on with English capital, and the capital so in-
vested will naturally continue to increase if pro-
fitable employment cannot be found for it at
home. Long before we could by our greatest
exertions completely succeed in thus supplying
foreign countries with manufactures, such large
masses of our own workmen would have been
thrown upon the landlords for support as to ef-
fectually beggar them. We are not yet quite
come to that, but every manufactory set up
abroad by English capital, is a stab directed at
our prosperity by the laws' which prevent the
full' extension-of manufactures in England, by
preventing the sale abroad of those manufac•

tures when produced. something must 1164
done, then, that will give profitable emplort
to capital, or not only will our population 'a
pauper-stricken, miserable, discontented, aro
insubordinate, but we shall gradually dePrtif
ourselves of the means by which We rnSeig
ameliorate their condition. " In England," seek
the writer we have so often quoted for this le;e to
past—" In England, both classes, eallitel's
and labourers, are fighting for room. COnisnev;
quently it may be said that, in England, -30
profits and low wages are owirg to the
proportion which the field of production e°4llo
nually bears to capital and labour." The
tAer t
of' production, then, limited in England,
by nature, and next by the corn iawg, pt
decree that the people of the Unite(' latein
shall have no bread but that which is growl." be
the United Kingdom," must be enlarged' di,
limit of nature we cannot enlarge, but the $./
ficial limits within which the corn laws auelni
thee'
to coop us we can break through. 011
is the remedy for our distress, without vitilc"the
others must be nugatory, without which ik
burden which is breaking down our strengl"her
only shifted from one shoulder to the °t,de
l's"
without being lightened, or ourselves
better able to bear it.