The Sun.
London, England, 1834-08-22 00:00:00

GERMAN PAPERS.

DARAMADT, A.t79. 9.—Our readers will recollect that
the motion respecting the freedom of the press, made in the
last session, and which was claimed as a right, founded on
Act 35 of our Constitution, has been renewed this session.
We hear that the Government, in its negotiations on the
subject with the Committee, has caused its opinion to be
very decidedly expressed. It may be interesting to state
those opinions, as well on account of the importance of the
subject considered in itself, as because it may be presumed
that uniform measures on this very point have been resolved
upon in the conference at Vienna, and consequently that no
German Government will express opinions different from
what has been agreed upon there. The Grand Ducal
Government declares that it never can or will accede to the
views expressed in the motion of M. Trommler, that the
18th article of the Act of the Confederation does not di-
rectly secure the freedom of the press, and still less unli-
mited freedom, but only promises that the Diet of the Con-
federation shall still establish uniforin regulations respecting
the freedom of the press, and for securing the rights of authors.
and publishers against piracy, that consequently the esta-
blishment of uniform regularity for the freedom of the
Press, is reserved to the Diet. That the resolutions of
the Diet of Sept. 20, 1819, have accordingly established
regulations conformably to the 18th Article of the Act of
Confederation—that Art. 35 at the Constitution of the
Grand Duchy, which is more recent than the restoration of
the Diet of Sept. 20, 1829, declares the press and the
book trade free, but with the observance of the laws against
abuses, either already existing, or to be hereafter enacted.
That as excepting the above mentioned resolution of the
Diet, no law against the abuses of the press had been pro-
mulgated to the whole of the Grand Duchy. The Con-
stitution had, therefore, expressly recognized that resolu-
tion, as well as the whole relation of the Diet, to the affair
of the press, though as the Act of Confederation and the
resolution of the Diet of Sept. 20, 1829, are anterior to
the Constitution, they did not derive from the latter their
validity in the Grand Duchy. That Art.2s of the Constitution
had never been understood in any other manner by any of the
preceding assemblies of the States till the last, that as the
press is subject in .the Grand Duchy to no restrictions
beyond those which &re called for by the Legislature of the
Confederation, and the regulations necessary to carry it
into effect, in which the censorship is equally to be reckoned,
and as such a state of things cannot be unconstitutional,
since it rests on laws of the Confederation, and even on
those upon which the constitution was founded, so that
there is not even the shadow of reason for a doubt whether
the Legislative ordinances of the Confederation fully har-
monize with the principles of the constitution. It is evi-
dent that the suppositions on which the motion in question
proceeds, are unfounded, both in law and in fact ; and that
the demand set up in the motion is of such a nature, that
the Grand Ducal Government, in conformity with its obli-
gations as a member of the Confederation is not empowered
to entertain it ; that consequently it cannot make an agree-
ment with the Estates in any regulations upon this subject,
which are not founded on the continuance of the censor-
ship, as long as the latter subsists by the laws of the Con-
federation, and which do not recognise beforehand all the
regulations which may in future be established by the laws
of the Confederation, so that any regulations for the Grand
Duchy which are agreed upon, with the concurrence of the
Estates, may be in harmony with such laws of the Confe-
deration, and the Government be at liberty to make their
legislative regulations of the Grand Duchy agree with such
as may be established by the German Diet, as its duty as
a member of the Confederation require the Government,
that it was not disinclined on these principles to take into
consideration, if it were desired, any regulations that might
be calculated for legal enactment, and to prepare them for
being submitted to the Assembly of the Estates, for their
constitutional co-operation.—Frankfort Papers, Aug. 16.
VIENNA, AUG.II.-5 per Cent. Metalliques 984-4 :per
Cent. 88 ; Bank Shares 1236.—AllgenteineZeitung,Aug.16.

THE Fr'Y LONDON, FRIDAY; --AUGTIST-ffl',--1634

hours, and-one continued night of twenty-four hours ; while
circles
everywhero within the polar the days and the nights
respectiVely are for six :months More than tWenty.:fonr-hours,
extending. even as .we advance towards the poles throUgh the
time of many of our days and nights. How are the inhabi-
tants of these regions to understand the week of the creation,
if limited to the literal interpretation of the inspired record ?
Professor Silliman.

LAMENTABLE OCCURRENCE.—The Aberdeen
tradinr, smack Mansfield arrived early yesterday morning from
Aberdeen. •On the voyage one of the passengers, Mr. Dup.-
can, adv_ocate, Who it is said, had beeo for some time labouring
under an aberration of intellect, when near Scarborough. threw
himself overboard, and was drowned. The melancholy cir-
cumstance is rendered the more distressing by the fact of the
unfortunate gentleman's sister being also a passenger on board
the Mansfield at the time of the sad event.

Travelling was never cheaper than at present in
most parts of England. One may travel in any of the steamers
on any day except Sunday for one shilling to Gravesend ; for
three shillings outside to Cambridge ; for ten shillings ditto
to Oxford ; from Southampton to Havre in the steam-boats
for five shillings. A person may travel outside to Cheltenham
or Gloucester for twelve shillings, and on by the same con.
veyance to Hereford or Monmouth for six more.
COLOUR OF TIIE EYE.--That the colour of the
eyes should affect their strength may seem strange ; 3et that
such is the case need not at this time of day be proved ; and
those whose are brown or dark-coloured should be informed
that they are weaker and more susceptible of injury from
various causes than grey or blue eyes. Light-blue eyes are,
cateris puiibus, generally the most powerful ; and next to
these are grey. The lighter the pupil, the greater and longer
continued is the degree of tension the eye can sustain. _
Curtis on the Eye.

TRAVELS OF DISCOVERY.—" Two volumes of
great interest, which will be gladly received by the classical
and religious world. To the Christian these regions have the
high interest of having been early connected with the Gospel
—of being the scene of the missions of Paul and Barnabas,
and their consequent sufferings. Mr. Arundell's narrative is
agreeably mixed with his fruitful accounts of striking scenery
and adventures of the road. To this journey the author ap-
pears to have brought the information of the scholar, with the
more general qualifications of a traveller—tact in observation
of character in man, and a feeling for the picturesque in na-
ture. In his learning there is no pedantry ; while his style is
easy, animated and pleasing. "—Morning Herald.
PARISIAN RESTAURATEURS.—III the year 1756
only a few privileged persons in Paris were allowed to keep
" eating houses." In that year, however, an ingenious cook
opened a room, elegantly furnished, with the inscription—
" Venite ad me omnes qui stomacho- laboratis, et ego restau-
rabo vos"—over its entrance. Its novelty charmed the Pari-
sians ; public opinion established the cook, and the word
restaurabo gave a name (restaurant) to the new eating-house.
Places of the same description multiplied rapidly, and as sud-
denly revolutionized the domestic habits of the citizens. Pre-

viou; to the era of restaurateurs, the people of Paris dined at
home with their families, but since that period the great majo-
rity eat, drink, and enjoy theniselves anywhere in preference
to their respective domiciles.—Simeon's Letters to his Kins-
folk.

DUNDEE STEAM SHIP-ARRIVAL OF THE

QUEEN.—This magnificent and powerful vessel sailed on
Wednesday forenoon, with a great number of passengers and
a valuable cargo of merchandise, for the flourishing and im-
portant commercial town of Dundee. The certainty of passing
in the River her Majesty, on her return to England, afforded
Commander Wishart an opportunity of displaying his loyalty.
The Dundee was decorated with flags of almost every nation,
and when passing the Royal yacht, off Purfleet, her Majesty
was saluted with several guns, accompanied with cheering
from the assembled passengers on board, the music on the
quarter-deck giving in succession the airs " I've been roam-
ing," " Hail, Star of Brunswick 1" and " The King, God bless
him 1" These honours were returned by the Royal party and
by two steam-vessels in company, and her Majesty was also
pleased to acknowledge these marks of dutiful respect, by re-
peatedly curtseying and waving her handkerchief.
TILE ST. GILES'S GHOST.—The inhabitants of

that classical neighbourhood, St. Giles's, were thrown into a
state of considerable alarm by the report being circulated that
" a ghost " for the last night or two had been paying visits to
the churchyard, to the great terror of many persons. On
Wednesday night about twenty minutes to eleven o'clock, a
great crowd had assembled, and a tall figure was plainly dis-
cerned crouching over a grave. Some two or three of the
bystanders, less superstitious than the rest, got over the railing
and found, instead of a being " of no mortal mould," a poor
Irishwoman. It appears that this poor creature, whose name
is Ann Macarthy, living in Buckeridge-street, St. Giles's, has
recently lost her son, who was buried last week in the above-
mentioned churchyard; and the woman having been told that
some persons known to be resurrection men " had been lurk-
ing in the neighbourhood, she became fearful that they were
waiting an opportunity to exhume the body of her child, and
determined to watch the grave, the doing which raised the ap-
prehensions of the superstitious, and on Wednesday niq,ht last
the crowd became so dense that the police were obliged to
interfere.

DREADFUL EXPLOSION OF GAS.—The neigh-
bourhood of Berwick-street, Soho, was last night thrown into
the utmost alarm in consequence of a very powerful explosion
of 'gas. The accident occurred at a public-house, which has
for some months been unoccupied, at the corner of Kemp's-
court, Berwick-street, Soho. It has recently been taken by
a person named Wissen, and considerable alterations had been
made for its opening on Saturday next. The workmen about
the house had, during the whole of the day, been aware that
the gas escaped in some part of the building, but despite their
efforts it could not be ascertained from what part. At about
nine last night, immediately after they had tried it, the facia
of the house was blown out with a dreadful crash, and so
powerful was the shock that the sashes of a house facing, Mr.
Mills's, were forced in and the windows broken. The alarm
was much increased by the attempt of an uncommon large bear
to escape from his cage, at Lawrence's, the other corner of
Kemp's-court, who it seems is a celebrated purveyor of bears'
grease. The infuriated animal broke some of the bars of his
cage, and but for the timely arrival of a workman would very
possibly have dispersed the assembled multitude. The acci-
dent is attributed to the escape of gas between the wood and
brickwork.

NATURAL PHENOMENON.-011 Sunday, the 3d
inst. we experienced, pretty generally through the parish of
Killyman, what I think may be justly termed a phenomenon.
We had that day the very extremes of summer and winter.—
The early part of the day was so warm as to make even the
exercise of walking irksome. About two o'glock, however,
there was a slight shower, accompanied by thunder. At three
o'clock, or thereabouts, there was a heavy and dense shower of
hail, or rather ice-balls, some of which I measured, and found
nearly four inches in circumference. Fortunately the shower
did not continue long (I think not half an hour), nor, from
what I can hear, was it general ; had it been so, the damage
that must have resulted would have been calamitous ; where it
did fall, considerable injury was done to the crops. The
thunder continued during the shower without intermission,
and, became still louder as the storm increased. The Rector
of our parish, the Rev. Mr O'Sullivan, weighed some of the
ice-balls, and found them to be one ounce each. During the
fall we felt the extreme of cold.—Correspondent of the Newry
Telegraph.—[ We understand that a similar " ice" shower, ac-
companied by thunder and lightning, was experienced on the
same day, in various parts of this as well as the adjoining county.
—Newry Telegraph.)
ABJECT STATE OF THE RUSSIAN PEASANTRY.

- - -
—This was proved by the cruelty and insolence with which
our drivers treated them. One instance will suffice. Whilst
pursuing our journey, we noticed some trifling article—a piece
of leather, I think it was—fall from a cart at sonic little dis-
tance before us, the driver, as usual, being fast asleep. After
the cart had passed on, and while the dilizence was still some
little way in the rear, a poor man stepped from the road side,
and appropriated to himself the article that had been left be-
hind. Our conductcur, who, though active, was but a person
of small stature, happened to see the transaction, and when he
arrived at the spot, stopped the coach, and, springing to the
road side, ran towards the culprit, who was in company with
two other men, and seizing him by his beard, gave him a most
severe chastisement with a switch, which he received without
offering the slightest resistance, whilst his two friends looked
on, without attempting to rescue him. They were all tall
athletic men, and any one of them might, with the greatest
ease, have annihilated the conducteur ; and would, no doubt,
have done so, if he had been one of the bearded tribe. Now.
making all allowance for the conducteur's being a kind of pub-
lic servant, and the peasant clearly a pilferer, such an adminis-
tration of summary justice a little startled us. But the Rus-
sians of the lower class are accustomed to be roughly handled;
a beating is thought nothing of, and frequently passes down
from one to another, after the manner of Captain Absolute,
Mr. Tagg, and the errand-boy.—Barrow's Excursions in the
North of Europe.

THE PENGUIN.—At a recent meeting of the Zoo-
logical Society, Mr. G. Bennett read a note on the habits of
the King Penguin, Aptenodytes Patachonica, Gmel., as ob-
served by him on various occasions when in high southern lati-
tudes. He described particularly a colony of these birds,
which covers an extent of thirty or forty acres, at the north
end of Macquarrie Island, in the South Pacific Ocean. The
number of penguins collected together in this spot is immense,
but it would be almost impossible to guess at it with any near
approach to truth, as, during the whole of the day and night,
30,000 or 40,000 of them are continually landing, and an
equal number going to sea. They are arranged, when on
shore, in as compact a manner and in as regular ranks as an
army of soldiers ; and are cli ssed with the greatest order, the
young birds being in one situation, the moulting birds in
another, the sitting hens in a third, the clean birds in a fourth,
&c. ; and so strictly do birds in similar condition congregate,
that should n bird that is moulting intrude itself among those
which are clean, it is immediately ejected from among them.
The females hatch the eggs by keeping them close between
their thighs; and, if approached during the time of incubation,
move away, carrying the eggs with them. At this time the
male bird goes to sea and collects food for the female, which
becomes very fat. After the young is hatched, both parents
go to sea, and bring home food for it ; it soon becomes so fat
as scarcely to be able to walk, the old birds getting very thin.
They sit quite upright in their roosting places, and walk in the
erect position until they arrive at the beach, when they throw
themselves on their breasts in order to encounter the very
heavy sea met with at their landing-place. Although the ap-
pearance of the penguins generally indicates the neighbour..
hood of land, Mr. G. Bennett cited several instances of their
occurrence -at a considerable distance from any known land.

THIS EVENING.

SECOND EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, ,Seveil o'clock.

THE LONDON GAZETTE

ST. JAMES'S-PALACE, AUGUST 20, 1834.
This day M. Van de Weyer, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary from the King of the Belgians, had an audience of
his Majesty, to take leave, pro tempore, to which he was introduced
by Lord Viscount Palmerston, his Majesty's Principal Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs, and conducted by Sir Robert Chester,
Kilt., Master of the Ceremonies.