The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, VON J DON, THURSDAY EVEINT iNtil OCTOBER 2, 1856

Poland or Lombardy, a part of the normal condi-
tion of Europe ; and England has lived and lives
to sustain this condition ; she put her hand to the
accursed deed at first, and she has neve c recalled
her signature.

It is in this plain fact that the st"ng of the
Russian Circular lies. PALMERSTON rid WALEW-
SKI can only reply with the to quoque argument ;
" Bless your impudence," they may exclaim,
" You just escaped from the birch, and talk in
that style to your masters. You that bullied the
SULTAN, turned his servants out of office, de-
manded that he should agree to a new treaty
whether he liked it or not, and put on
him, first, the MENSCHIKOFF pressure, '
then the pressure ' of a hundred
and fifty thousand men on his side the
Pruth—you lecture us on respecting the right
and independence of Governments !" To all which
the CZAR would coolly reply, " Well, call me
shameless if you please ; grant that you might
have a more immaculate reprover; yet can you
deny the truth of my accusations ? Don't you
occupy Greece I Don't you press on my dear
Cousin BOMBA ? Don't you want him to alter his
mode of Government quite as much as I wanted
the Turk to alter his ? Are you more content
than I was to be refused by the weaker power ?"
Not very easy would it be for the two Governments
to meet these taunts; if the CZAR was wrong how,
on, their own principles, can they be in the right ?
One of their advocates, we perceive, puts
forth the ground that abnormal danger may be
prevented by abnormal means. If a man's house
is on fire, he might break into his neighbour's to
prevent a wider conflagration. Naples is ready
to blaze forth ; then the States of the Church and
Lombardy take fire, then Austria inundates Italy
to extinguish the conflagration then France
rushes in that Austria may not tyrannise alone—•c
and then, of course, " the deluge," or floods and
flames all over Europe.
All very good and plausible. Fires
and floods must, of course, be grand.
But GORTSCHAKOIII would not be driven
off by splendid common-place figures. " Good,"
he might reply, " and we were afraid of
the very same thing. We feared insurrection
in the Turkish Empire. The SULTAN was giving
equal immunities as fast as he could to Protes-
tants, and to my beloved brother Christians of
the true faith too—the Greek Church ; but my
Greeks would not endure equal immunities for all
Protestants. Moreover, he was rapidly advanc-
ing in a thoroughly liberal system of administra-
tion, and our own subjects would have been dis-
contented with the sight of Turkish freedom.
We wanted to prevent a conflagration, and our
own house catching fire." WILRWSKI and PAL-
MARSTON could hardly point to the difference of
their objects—that the CZAR aimed to prevent the
extension of popular liberty, while they seek
to obtain a little of it for the people. The rejoin-
der would, of course, be, that that merely related
to the different kinds of danger. That each
monarch who intervenes in the matters of another
nation must judge for himself whether there is
danger, and 'of what kind it is—that the Allies
go to Naples to prevent a fire, and that the CZAR
went to Turkey for the same purpose. We do
not see, therefore, what men who call the arrange-
ments of the treaty of a Vienna a normal condi-
tion could say to the CZAR'S rebukes.

In truth the clever sauciness of Russia is a just
rebuke for the paltry and. unworthy political basis
on which the war was begun, continued, and
ended. Had the " rights and independence of
nations" been the object instead of that of
" governments," ALEXANDER would not now have
had a word to say. Nationalities were carefully
ignored. Hungarians, Fins, Circassians—above
all Poles—were sever mentioned. The last were
thrust into the notice of all by events. Polish
recruits were forthcoming Polish soldiers
offered to desert. Poland was acknow-
ledged to be the weak side of Russia
Poland herself had been wronged since the
Treaty of Vienna far more than Turkey,
and still lay under the wrong. But no ;
Poland had. no national Government. It was
the independence of Governments, not of nations,
that the Courts fought for—..so Poland and Poles
were thrust aside or forgotten, and all the scamps
of Germany and Italy were enlisted rather than
acknowledge a down-trodden and defrauded people !
111 this time, therefore, in the diplomatic clish-
ma-claver about Naples, not a word has been
breathed about the wrongs of the people ; we hear
only of the danger of goading them too far —the
danger to crowned heads—to the cause, of des-
potism—of Germanism—to the cause of Spiel-
berg, Cayenne, and other Imperial safeguards.
It is not for us to justify the present Allies ; but
if the whole affair be not a hoax we are much
mistaken. Russia may taunt, and it is clever of
her to
of Poerdoio--SO:hbat appearances
she knows well that the Lord
of Cayenne
will never be very hard on the gaoler
are all he cares for.
The dungeoas
of
Naples endanger despotism in
Europe more than the
swamps of Cayenne ; he
wants, therefore,
to preserve a little outward
decency there, to save the
genus despot from
censure, and cheaply to act the
generous despot
with another despot's victims
He also wants
to avert any possible pretext for Austria's march-
ing further into Italy ; he will
take care of Rome
and Naples, let Austria
not move beyond the
Legations. Only for decency's sake
he obtains
the aid of England and Sardinia, and. Lord PAL-
MERSTON makes political capital out of
saving the
despots a dangerous Italian insurrection. When
we read of the Special Austrian representative
at
Naples, and her miserable fleet going to Naples
via Malta, we may be sure enough of the real
'intentions of the Tuileries and Buckingham
Palace.

We cordially concur with the Leviathan in not
being "particularly in love with Germany, or
things German." We have had so many reasons to
deplore the " anti-Anglican system" that so long
prevailed, that we witness with intense sorrow
the obstinate adherence in the obnoxious course.
A. poor relation is usually the bete noir of a pri-
vate family, and is far more objectionable to com-
munities. Nations "have no cousins." Their
own subjects possess parmouant claims on their
pod offices, and their charities should really

" begin at home." Wo do not, of course,
join in the absurd cry of " protection ;"
all we ask for is " a clear stage and no favour."
But we must earnestly and emphatically protest
against British interests being invariably post-
poned to German interests, and every good thing
being bestowed on foreigners, to the exclusion of
British subjects possessing far higher qualifications.

We do not object to the formation of a military
colony at the Cape. Fi it. It may, and,
under other circumste.::.7-_,,, -.-.nquestionably,
turn out an excellent investment of capital, a sort
of assurance premium against another Kafir war,
with all its annoyance and inconvenience. But
we do complain, bitterly complain, that the offer
has not been made to English veterans, of unex-
ceptionable character, in the first instance, who
have been, or will shortly be, cast adrift in conse
'Pence of the reductions in the army and the dis.
embodying of the militia. The boon need

not be indiscriminately offer) d. It would
have been joyously received, as the reward
of general good conduct, and al I esprit di4 corps
would have been excited,• Kling to very
valuable results. It is not the 4 3d. per diem to
be paid to the private soldiers that offers the
chief inducement, although 6d . a-day, with
nothing to do for it, would be vei acceptable to
many of our countrymen. Mat the " collateral
advantages" will be regarded as fare aperior. The
emigrants will carry with them wives, children,
sweethearts, relatives, and friond s. Each man

will take his lares and e.npates, all, or almost all,
that renders life valuable, He twill be planted
without trouble or expense in " the land of
promise" with his household gods ! The earlier
hardships that daunt many enterprii ling husbands
and fathers will all be averted. An eligible
building lot in a town, and, if in a vil,lage or n ew
settlement, an additional lot of garden groin id
awaits him, with money to build a comfurtabi
cottage, also privileges for depasturing cattle, Arc., ,
and rations not only for himself but for every
member, even the youngest child, of his house ;
weapons, offensive and defensive, ammunition,
uniforms, money advanced to purchase kitchen
utensils and furniture, to be repaid by easy in-
stalments. Never, in fact, were such inducements
held out to intending emigrants, and we venture
to assert that, if offered to Englishmen, the appli-
cations might be counted, not merely by thousands
and tens of thousands, but by hundreds of thou-
sands. No one can object to the "liberality and
generosity "of the offer. It is only difficult to
conceive any mercenary soldier willing to accept
ls. per diem, hesitating for a moment to avail
himself thereof, notwithstanding the bitterness
of feeling with which he must remember the un-
fair and impolitic deductions charged against
him in the paymaster's ledger. Let "a sufficient
number of trained Englishmen" be only asked for,
on similar terms, and the call will be promptly
and adequately responded to.
But the main objection to the project is, that
we plant in the colony a number of men owing no
allegiance to the British Crown, and possessing no
sympathies in common with the British people.
It is only natural, as the Times declares, that they
should speedily " aim at independence on their
own account." We could not wish to
retain a colony against its will, but we
should strive to make the colonists desir-
ous of retaining the connection with the
mother country, which would be the case so long
as we acted fairly towards men of our own race,
speaking the same language, and possessing the
same religion with ourselves. But it would not
be so with German aliens, who were ready to
draw their venal swords in any cause where
"gelt" could be obtained, and who would as
readily give their services to BoMBA as to queen
VICTORIA, if the conditions thereof could be satis-
factorily arranged.

Once more, then, we demand Justice for Eng-
land and the English. We repudiate the poor
relations of the "House of Coburg." We have
rather too many of the clan, whom we would
gladly get rid of, if practicable. We should not
willingly saddle ourselves with additional burdens
—of that class--illegally forced upon us. We
use the term "illegally " advisedly, inasmuch as
we contend that every such measure, implying a
considerable pecuniary outlay, should, in the
first instance, be sanctioned by the British House
of Commons, the legitimate guardians of the
national purse. That every shilling to which the
Legionaries can fairly lay claim under the terms
of their contract's should be paid is just and
right; but there is no authority that can bind
the public exchequer to the payment of the
passage money—the 201. per head for erecting
cottages, the 5/. advance, the 6d. per diem for
three years, or the rations for the families for one
year. The Prince has in this respect been
"reckoning without his host ;" and if the repre-
sentatives of the people resolve to maintain their
unquestionable privileges they will teach a painful
but salutary lesson, that will prevent any similar
unauthorised invasion of their functions on any
future occasion.

LATEST NEWS.

CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 24.

The affair of Montenegro is not yet arranged.
Fresh troops are under orders for that country.

MADRID, SEPT. 30.

The Government is sending a strong squadron
into the Mediterranean. It mounts a total of

200 guns.

The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post
(2d edition) says :
" The Emperor is to reach St. Cloud to-morrow
evening. Meanwhile every question, both foreign
and domestic, is completely paralysed. I believe
the last few days hare passed over without the
Cabinets of England and France holding any corn-
municatiens on the affairs of Naples ; probably
the close of the week will bring forth important
decisions. Despatches from Naples for her Ma-
jesty's Government pass through Paris this even-
ing. Naples was perfectly tranquil on the 26th
of last month, the date of latest advices. lam
informed that the Cabinet of Vienna has suggested
another Conference or Congress, to take place in
Paris, for the purpose of settling various diffi-
culties which have occurred in carrying out the
treaty of Paris.

" The Nord, of Brussels, affirms that the ques-
tion relative to Bolgrad is not yet solved, and
that Russia intends to bring it before the Euro-
pean Plenipotentiaries at their meeting at Paris.
"Marshal Narvaez has left Paris, and is, it is
said, on his return to Spain. If such be the case,
I believe he will soon take the place of Marshal
O'Donnell, who is not considered reactionary
enough by the Queen."

The Paris correspondent of the Times (second
' edition) says :

" I am informed that the circular des-
patch of Prince Gortschakoff was read yester-
day to the Minister of Foreign Affairs by Baron
Brunow, but I do not learn that a copy was left
with him, or that it was demanded. As if to
show that an undue importance had been attached
.in public to that document, other topics were
discussed during the interview, and the circular
`was treated among the last. A difference is
sought to be established between a simple des-
patch sent to a diplomatic agent, to be merely
read but not officially communicated to the Go-
vernment to which he is accredited, and a
formal notification directly addressed to the
same Government ; and we are informed that
it would be wrong to attach the same import-
atm to both. The present paper is, more-
over, meant as an exposition of the foreign policy
of the Russian Government for the benefit of its
own people, rather than addressed to foreign
Powers, and anything like offence to England
and France is strongly disolainted. Such, per-
haps, is the view taken by the Russian Ambas-
Bador, and the explanation given on the subject ;
what faith they inspired, or how they were re-
. reived, I cannot say. But whether they produced
lib() impression desired or net, I confess I do not
u nderstand the difference indicated between the
ircular-despatch to diplomatic agents, and a
4 notification' to foreign Governments. The
despatch is to all intents and purposes a .notifi-
,C ration, inasmuch as it informs foreign Govern-
) bents, and hardly in an indirect manner, of the
opinions of the Russian Cabinet en certain clues-
- dons of foreign policy, in which they are deeply
i hterested, and it announces more or less vaguely
Ivhat its own conduct will be under certain cir-
cumstances. It is the usual mode in which such
things are done, and it is no explanation that the
circular is merely a sort of manifesto, drawn up
for the special edification of the Russian people.
We do not forget that the proclamations and
-vehement addresses of the Czar to the fanatical
passions of his people and army, and of which
orverweening confidence, arrogance, and even blas-
phemy were the characteristics, were explained
away in a similar manner by the more prudent
M. de Nesselrode. These audacious and insulting
appeals we were then also told were intended
exclusively for the Russian eye, and were not to
be taken au pied de la lettre, and that great
allowance ought to be made for a Sovereign who
had to deal with the hordes under his rule who
understood no other language. The time, how-
ever, is past when Russian craft could impose on
Ilngland or France. When Prince Gertschakoff
wishes to instruct the Russian people in his foreign.
policy he can address himself directly to them,
but the Western Powers will hardly stand as
whipping-boys for that interesting people. The
real question is whether the circular is or is not a
correct exponent of the foreign policy of the Rus-
sian Government. We are informed that the re-
lations between Russia on one side and France
and England on the other are of the most
friendly character, and that no sort of difference
is made in favour of either of the latter, whatever
may be said to the contrary. I hope so, but I
believe the Emperor Napoleon was right in his
opinion, very recently expressed, that neither
France nor England could afford to be over-
confident in the friendly professions of that
Power, and that both should still remain on their
guard."

" What effect the circular despatch will have
on our future proceedings at Naples I am unable
to say. No decisive measure has been adopted,
and ncne of course will be so until the return of
the Emperor to Paris. That retuyn will not
have to be waited for longer than to-morrow.
The Neapolitan question is a difficult one, par-
ticularly for the Imperial Government. No
one would be surprised at a rising against
the trembling
tyrant whose delight seems to
be in the misery of the worthiest among his
subjects ; and if the revolution took a direction
favourable to the interests of the Imperial Family
it might be tolerated if not encouraged. But none
can say to the revolution "Go thus far, and no
further," and it may be as safe not to try the expe-
riment of a political convulsion in Italy with the ele-
ments of social disorder not yet destroyed in France.
The return of Prince Napoleon much before the
period intended has, I suppose, given rise to ru-
mours referring to Naples. In fact his Imperial
Highness is spoken of, I dare say without any
just grounds, as a most probable candidate should
the Neapolitan Bourbons cease to reign. I give
you, without affirming or contradicting, the gossip
of the day.

" Both England and France are much annoyed
at the continued stay of the Austrians in the
Principalities, and at her unwillingness to fulfil
her engagements. It will be hardly possible for
the Divan to carry on its deliberations with Aus-
trian troops close to them. Fresh communications
have been made on the subject.
The Vienna correspondent of the Times (second
edition) says :
" Full three months ago you learned from me
that Austria would not be inclined to evacuate
the Danubian Principalities until the Bessarabian
frontier question was definitivelysettled, and infor-
mation to-day received enables lie to confirm the

nformation then'given. At the present moment
Austria has .some 14,000 men in Wallachia and
Moldavia (fourinfantry and t ,vo cavalry regiments),
and
.there they are likely to remain until the
Allied Powers have come to an understanding
with Russia in respectto Bolgrad. If men in office
speak truth, neither Turkey nor England and
France will object to the temporary stay of the
Austrian forces in the Danubian Principalities, as
the tricky policy of Russia is likely to render the
presence of the united fleets in the Black Sea ne-
cessary for many a long day to come. The rela-
tions between this Government and the St. Pe-
tersburg Cabinet are extremely cool, and no
rapprochement has yet taken place between the
two Courts, although the two monarchs are be-
lieved to wish for a reconciliation. Indeed it
cannot be dOiibted that the Emperor Francis
Joseph sincerely desires to be on friendly terms
with the Emperor Alexander, but it is pretty
sure that as long as he rules over Austria she
will neither bow the knee to nor curry favour
with Russia. It is known to me that the St.
Petersurg and Vienna Governments have re-
cently discussed the merits of the Neapolitan
question, but the Imperial Cabinet did not lose
sight of its engagements to the Western Powers,
although it was much incensed at the behaviour of
the French Government, " which, through M. de
Bourqueney, had promised not to join England in
any hostile demonstration against Naples." The
words quoted were used by one of the best-informed
persons in this city, and information which has
reached me from other quarters leads me to believe
that the information they contain is strictly correct.
It is to be deplored that the Commissioners for
the Danubian Principalities should lose so much
valuable time at Constantinople, but they cannot
well commence operations until the frontier ques-
tion is settled, as it will be almost impossible to
learn the real wishes of the inhabitants of Mol-
davia and Wallachia until the Austrians have
quitted those provinces. Stirbey is already agita-
ting against M. de Ghika, the Sultan's nominee,
and there is reason to both.° that the Austrians
gave him their support,"

r which Neuchatel was linked to Switzerland, it has al-
ways shown thafit regarded Switzerland as its real, its
only country,. - Every political period drew these bonds
closer, until, in 1848, it proclaimed its independence,
and took its place in the Federal Union free from all
foreign tied. From that moment, gentlemen, our former
relations with a foreign Prince became ;imply matters of
history ; we henceforward recognised but one public
law—that of Switzerland ; and we reject, and will al-
ways- reject, as the Confederation itself would do, every
pretension of a nature to re-establish an order of
things which the people repudiated in 1848, in vir-
tue of the right which every people has to select
the form of Government best suited to its instincts and
to its happiness.
"Let us hope, gentlemen, that the mad attempt of
September will be the last, and that certain men will at
last understand that the past cannot be remodelled, and
that a people who have gained their independence cannot
be drawn backwards, any more than a man who has
gained his manhood can be drawn back to childhood.
"Be assured, gentlemen, that Neuchatel will show
itself worthy of the sympathy which the Confederation
has shown it, and that it will know how to make use of
its victory to realise new progress in the Democratic life
which is that of all Switzerland.
" In the name of the Grand Council,
" EUG. HUGUENIN, President.
"ALF. DUBOIS
"A. RIBA.UX, ,
Secretaries.
"Neuchatel, Sept. 27."

SPAIN.
The Madrid Gazette of the 27th ult. contains a
royal decree, issued on the report of the Minister
of Grace and Justice, which enacts that in order
that the most meritorious ecclesiastics may be
chosen for the higher offices of the Church, nomina-
tions of dignitaries shall be made from a list drawn
up by the Chamber of Royal Patronage.
The Hoja Autografa, a semi-official organ,declares
that it is not true as has been reported that the state
of siege is to be raised on the 10th of the preselit
month. All officers of the army residing at Madrid
who did not preaent themselves to the authorities
in the coup d'etat of the 14th July, and those who
having presented themselves do not possess property
or families in the capital, had been ordered to leave
Madrid, and to reside at a distance of 20 leagues
from it. Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte had visited
Bilboa to make philological researches respecting
the Biscayan idiom. He afterwards left for Du-
rangs, Ermua, Azpeitia, and Zaranz, where he is
to make similar researches. The Epoca says—
" The relations between the Spanish Cabinet and those
of France and England could not be more cordial and
satisfactory than they are. The Ministry of Foreign
Affairs has received very satisfactory replies from Berlin
and Vienna to the despatches sent by our Government
on the recent political changes in Spain. They congra-
tulate the Government on its conciliatory, moderate, and
firm policy."

A letter Bays
"The sequestration on the property of Queen Christina
has been removed by royal ordinance."

THE OVERLAND MAIL.

The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation
Company's steam-ship Valetta, R. Roberts master,
with the mails from India and China, arrived at
Marseilles at 9 a.m. this morning. The mails are
to leave for London at 10 p.m.

THE DARIEN SHIP CANAL.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Dr. Cullen presents his compliments to the Editor of
The Sun, and begs to request the insertion of the follow-
ing letter on the above subject.
11, Royal Exchange, Sept. 23, 1856.-

" Brompton, Sept. 15, 1856.
" Dear Sir,—l have received and read your letter on
the Darien Ship Canal.
" I am well acquainted with the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of the Isthmus of Darien, having been profes-
sionally engaged thereon, as well as on the River Atrato
from its mouths in the Gulf of Darien to its headwaters
in the province of Choco, New Granada, and the nsoun-
tain region's on both sides of that river.

" My opinion of the practicability of a ship canal across
the isthmus is derived only from a general and not a
particular knowledge of the elevations existing between
the Atlantic and Pacific. Now, I think that San Miguel
is the only harbour on the Pacific coast at all suited to
be the canal port on that side, and that, whatever route
be adopted, San Miguel must be the terminus on the
Pacific side, as there is no other on that coast suitable.
It is a very fine harbour.

"On the Atlantic side, without taking into account
Port Escoces, the whole. Gulf of Darien may be called a
harbour, having plenty of water and good anchorage,
and being well sheltered from the strong wind from the
east prevailing about November.
"The appearances of the land (from sea) on both sides
of the Isthmus, I think, fairly warrant one in believing
that there exists A valley pass through the Cordillera. I
am of opinion that the land near to the mouths of the
Atrato would be found to furnish a better route than
that from Port Escoces, or, at least, the land between
that port and the western mouth of the Atrato.
"I am well aware that to express an opinion on the
impracticability of the Darien route, when such route has
never as yet been subjected to a particular or accurate
survey by instruments and competent parties, would be
perfect madness. It seems to me to be the only natural
route for such an undertaking, and my engineering ex-
perience would not lead me to trust a mere ramble in
the bush to condemn it.

"It must be made a subject of close survey ; the world
would not be satisfied with less, and any one acquainted
with the dense forests and undergrowth of the Isthmus,
where you have to cut every inch of your progress, knows
that a survey would be a work of time. Ido not some-
times wonder at hasty opinions of impracticability from
engineers when shut out from the comforts of civilised
life, exposed also, it must be confessed, as experience has
sadly taught us, to the Indian's arrow, and cutting their
steps as they proceed with much labour.
"A light but elongating ladder might be taken along
with a surveying party, and raised at times far above
the tallest monsters of the forest ; the bearings of the
most suitable route would by such means be discovered,
and then a proper survey could be made.

" I fully concur with you as to the healthiness of the
Darien coasts from my own experience, which completely
bears out the statements of the medical officers of her
Majesty's ships.
"I should be glad to know that a proper survey bad
been undertaken, and found to be successful. I have a
very unfavourable opinion of the proposed Atrato route;
my experience would lead me to think it impracticable
from what I know of the district and river.—l am, dear
sir, yours faithfully, " Wm. BRAY, C.E.
" Edw. Cullen, Esq., M.D., 11, Royal Exchange."

TEE CASE OF ARCHDEACON DENISON,

It will be remembered, that the Court presided
over by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and which
was held at Bath iu August last, in the case of
Ditcher v. Denison, made a declaration to the
effect that the doctrines of the Archdeacon's ser-
mons were repugnant to the 28th and 29th Articles
of the Church of England, and that his Grace
allowed the Archdeacon till yesterday, the Ist of
October, to revoke his errors. It was at the same
time intimated that, if no such revocation was
made and delivered into the Registry of Bath and
Wells by that time, sentence in the case would be
delivered on the 21st of the present month. In
compliance with this declaration of the Court, the
Archdeacon filed, on Tuesday, the3Othult.,
a paper of extreme length, in which he de-
fends tho soundness of his doctrine, and cites
a number of Protestant authorities in its behalf.
Towards the end of the paper, the Archdeacon
'says :
"The defendant begs, however, respectfully to
say that, as it is not his duty to contend for lan-
guage only, apart from its substance—hi
he ithcaasn beshown to him that the language which
em-
ployed in teaching the doctrine of the Lord's Sup-
per is, in one or more particulars, open to just ex-
ception, as conveying that doctrine under any
aspect now or strange to the Reformed Church of
England—the defendant will be ready to alter his
language to such extent."
The document concludes as follows :—" All
which the defendant, subthitting respectfully to the
consideration of the Court, has now only further to
say—That it is not in his power to make the revo-
cation required of him by the Court."