The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-11 00:00:00

SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 11, 1861.

THE REVENUE FOR THE YEAR AND QUARTER ENDING OCT. 10, 1851.

No. 1.--An Abstract of the Net Produce of the Revenue of Great Britain in the Years and Quarters ended 10th of October, 1830, and 10th of October, 1851, showing
the Increase or Decrease on each head thereof.

1 QUARTERS ENDED YEAR I
ended 1 , QUARTERS ENDED
^ YEAR
, ended Year ended Oct. 10. Quarter ended Oct. 1 u
Jan. 5, April 5, July 5, Oct. 10, Oct. 10, Jan. 5, April 5, July 5, ' Oct. 10, Oct. 10,
! ..- 1850 1850 1850 1850 1850 ,
1851 1851 1851 1851 1851 Increase. 1
1 Decrease. Increase. Decrease.
- ---
X £ £ £ £ £ X £ £ £ £ £ £ -_--
X
Customs •••••• • • • • • • ..1! 4,729,630 4,432,584 4,333,708 5,251,883 18,73,4,805 4,596,705 4,548,266 4,318,218 5,335,073 18,798,262 Customs .•• • . 59,457 •• • • 83,190 ....
Excise
~tamps. ..
Taxes ............
015,231 I 165,023 4,301,093 Taxes
Property Tax. •--• • . • 449,394 2,069,608 1,026,835 1,867,861 5,413,701 , 418,730 2,089,950 976,881 ! 1,370,136 5,355,697 Property Tax.... .. .. • • 58,004 2,272
....
Post-office ••••• -. • • ... 152,000 231,000 210,000 227,000 820,000 152,000 '272,000 240,000 1 306,000 970,000. Post-office 150,000 .. • • 79,000 ....
Crown Lands,- .. . ..... 60,000 40,000 40,010 20,000 160,000 ' 60,000 40,000 30,000 40,000 170,000 Crown Lands .. -. • 10,000 •• • • 20,000 ....
MiscellaneouS ........ 58,408 47,960 81,474 28,727 216,569 20,391 21,974 91,241 28,452 162,058 Miscellaneous .- - •• •. 54,511 • • 275
Total Ordinary Revenue 12,473,314 10,395,981 12,681,290 13,192,458 48,743,043 12,316,520 10,668,518 12,646.873 43,317,101 48,979,015 • Total • • .... • • 562,475 326,503 220,973 96,327
• ...
Imprest Moneys, &c. .. 125,087 301,739 135,827 121,615 684,288 132,216 261,765 . 139,770 121,330 658,111 Imprest Moneys, &c. •• • • 26,177 .2,715
ltcpaynientsolAdvances .124,909 i 91,400 188,289 293,813 698,411 !I 133,116 141,908 123,409 165,255 565,688 IlepayintsofAdvncs. 132,723 .... 128,558
•• • •
Total Income • • 12,723,3:0 10,789,140 13,005,406 13,607,8861 50,125,712 112,613,882 11,072,191 12,910,052 13,606,6891 50,202,814 Total
Amount applied to Con- , -
I I Deduct Deduct
solidated .. •..• 8,236,3156,315 5,967,008 8,200,639 8,779,169 31,183,131 1 7,655,164 5,868,205 7,975,091 8,794,247 30,292,707 , 485,403 S.
t Decrease. Increase. J 223,688
I 6 tto, as Advances 374,172 296,337 291,823 421,384 1,383,716 1 198,204 429,684 364,748 286,617 1,279,253 !
Ditto, as part of Ways & Increase Decrease
1
Means of the Year •• • • 4,112,823 4,525,795 4,512,914 4,407,333 17,558,895 4,760,514 4,771,302 4,570,213 4,525,825 18,630,854 77,072/ on on the 1 1,197
Total ..•• . 12 723,310 10 789 140 13 005 106 13,607 886 50,125,742 12,613,882 11,072,191 '12,910,452 13,606,689 50,202,814 '
!, ••••-- the Year. Quarter.
~,,,,
1 I

ExclusiTe oi

Advances.

No. ll.—lncome and Charge of the Consolidated Fund, in the Quarters ended the 10th October, 1850, and the 10th October, 1851.

Quarters ended Oct. 10.

CHARGE.

5,251,883
4,114,293
1,507,028
186,613
1,867,864
2'27,000
20,000
28,727
49,352
72,263
293,813

b,359,424
4,150,111
1,432,564
165,025
1,870,136
306,000
40,000
28,452
36,428
87,902
165,255

Permanent Debt .......... .......
Terminable Annuities • • ................ ..... ......................... .......
Interest on Exchequer-hills issued to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund ......
Sinking Fund • • • • • • • . •...
The Civil List ..... . ..
Other Charges on the Consolidated Fund ••• • • • •••••••••• • • • • • • • • • •••••• • • • • •
For Advances •.............. • .....

Total Charge ....

13,018,836

13,641,297

The Surplus . • . • .• • • • • • • .• ...:

The Amount of Exchequer-bills issued to meet the Charge of the Consolidated Fund, in the Quarter ended sth
July, 1851 .... ..... ............. ......... . .
The Amount Issued in the Quarter ended 10th Oct., Issl, in part of
Consolidated Fund for Supply Services • • • • .. • • • • • • • •
Surplus Consolidated Fund .......................

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.
(From the Times.)
The Exhibition closes to the public this evening, and
the great event of this year, not to say of this age, will
then be a matter of history. The country will no longer
pour into the town, Piccadilly will cease to bo a tho-
roughfare of nations, and it will no more be asked at
every breakfast table in the metropolis, " Who will go
to the Exhibition," and when, and how, and with whom?
There will, perhaps, be a little more variety of topic;
ordinary amusements will resume their lost sway, and
not a few will feel somewhat relieved, either because a
'duty is no longer to be done, or because they will uo
.longer be drawn out of their regular occupations. Un-
questionably the Exhibition has been a great wear and
tear on its warm devotees. Life is not made for such
vast assemblages, or so much glitter and turmoil. Even
with the timely intervention of the invariable August
out-of-town, the campaign has been protracted to the
extent of human endurance. As for tho Exhibition
itself, it has never flagged. i. The changeable weather
and shortening days of October have only added to
its numbers, and hundreds of thousands have daily
entered the building, to move with the currents of
a vast human stream, and to be rung out at five
o'clock, two miles from Charing-cross, in the rain,
the wind, and the mud. The Exhibition is now a great
fact, and nothing has stamped it as such more than its
ever-increasing popularity. Ante obitunz nemo, says the
proverb, and the Exhibition is dying in its glory, in the
very climax of its credit and health, before its strength
has failed or its eyes become dim. Very rarely does it
happen that a splendid inauguration has been followed
by a still more glorious career; that, however, has been
the fate of this great undertaking. But all the world
hat contributed to its success, and, though the effort has
been triumphant on the whole, few individuals have been
able to keep pace with it. We now see how much may
bo done by combination, and at the same time how little
can be done without it. It is by the co-operation of many
promoters and exhibitors, and by the succession of con-
tinually new visitors, that the Exhibition has been the
great attraction of the world from the Ist of May to the
11 th of October. What have we, then, of this dingy
metropolis, which only numbers two millions and a half,
and who are either too busy or too dull for much sight-
seeing, to do with this Exhibition? This is a question
of no little importance at this moment.
The results of this experiment prove a great deal about
us, of this metropolis, that was not known before. It
proves that an immense proportion of the people are pre-
pared to use with interest and profit any great opportu-
nity put in their way. We do not speak of giving Lon-
don a Great Exhibition every year. There are two par-
ties to that proposal; and„unless the world chooses to
serve us every year with even greater devotion than it
served Nineveh, or Rome, or any old mistress of nations,
it is vain to expect the annual, or even the early, return
of the spectacle in Hyde-park. But there are many
gradations between an effort taxing the strength of the
whole world and one within the powers of this nation.
Why may we not have something of this:sort always in
this metropolis? 13y this great instance we now know that
it will be fully appreciated and used. Give Londoners of
all classes places of cheerful recreation and instruc-
tion; give them galleries of art and show-rooms of ma-
nufacture; give them objects of curiosity, science, and
taste; give them what may please the eye or soothe the
ear; and, even if the place and the approaches be not
as convenient as might he, they will do their part. They
will leave their dull streets and darksomo habitations.
They will do just as much as the inhabitants of Paris or
any other city on the continent. If the experience of
this country seems rather against such a conclusion, that
is the fault of our Governments and public institutions.
Prince Albert and the other enlightened authors of the
Exhibition have brought out the fact, which it has long
been the fashion to deny, that Englishmen are pretty
much like other civilized people in this respect. They
are not so tied to their desks, their firesides, their clubs,
or their public-houses, as never to assemble for innocent
amusement and ennobling instruction.
Whether the present building is to be retained on its
present site is a question which we need not now can-
vass, as it will come on in due time; but we cannot let
the visitors of the Exhibition part this evening without
our best wishes and sanguine expectations that they may
meet again. The only questions now are as to the mere
detail. If the present site of the Exhibition is objec-
tionable, let another or several others, be found. If the
building be too liable to atmospheric influences, let the
construction be altered. If it be too large, let us have
a smaller one. At all events let us have places—
winter gardens, galleries, passages, or whatever else
they may be called, where the people of this metropolis
may assemble, whenever they C4ll find time, to see the
collections of nature and art, which will doubtless ac-
cumulate in such edifices. It has long been ascertained
that if the public will provide a proper depository for
collections they will soon come in, for the owners of
such collections, besides being generally high-minded
and therefore public-spirited men, are commonly more
anxious to provide for the security of their collections
than for the private convenience of their relatives. If,
throughout this metropolis, there were four or five
spacious structures, in airy and cheerful situations, com-
bining the various purposes of a promenade, a museum,
a bazaar, a gallery of sculptures arid pictures, and a
school of science, with or without such moderate re-
freshments as might be necessary, and with or without
a small fee on admission, we have no doubt that they
would prove as popular and as useful as the Great Ex-
hibition. We have no doubt that they would tend
greatly to the refinement of the national character,
the bettor understanding the various classes, the im-
provement of manners, and every other object for
which society is constituted. How such buildings
are to be erected is a question which cannot be
answered in a moment, but which ought, at least,
to be canvassed forthwith, before the lesson of the
Great Exhibition has passed from the mind. If
the metropolis possessed municipal institutions they
might be intrusted with the task, and its evident necess
sity is one more reason for demanding them. But, if
the Legislature is still of opinion that London is the only
city of the world that can neither govern itself nor be
governed by a Royal Commission, then let the Legisla-
ture commit the improvement of the metropolis to some
hand or other, so that something may be done before
more time is lost. During the last twenty years many
sites admirably adapted for such a purpose as wo have
described, as well as for public parks, gardens, and
schools, have passed irrecoverably into the hands of the
builder. Every year swallows up a little more of what
is loft, and there will soon bo scarce an acre of open
ground within the circle of the Loudon delivery except
the gardens of our squares. Hence the necessity for
immediate interference by some adequate authority;
and, if Parliament should decide next session in favour
of the removal of the Crystal Palace from its present
site, we trust it will not do so without at the same time
finding some other site or sites, on which similar edi-
fices of more permanent character, and for more perma-
nent use, may be forthwith erected.
(From the Chronicle.)
To-day closes, so far as all public and practical pur-
poses aro concerned, not only the noblest Exhibition of
the results of human ingenuity, but an important chap-
ter in the history of the human race. In taking leave of
the Great Exhibition, if, as is inevitable in all last words
and last looks, some element of sadness is inseparable
from the contemplation of glories that are passing away,
not to be renewed—if the great, though world- old, lesson
of the transitoriness and vanity of human things receives
at this moment one of its most impressive illustrations—
we must not permit such sentiments, however graceful
and becoming, to stand alone. Not, indeed, that we in-
tend to suggest the raising of a triumphant pecan to the
honour and dignity of humanity. Subjects of regret in
connexion with the great Industrial Museum are too many
and too personal to permit of mere glorification. With
such an occasion of extending our knowledge and cultivat-
ing our taste, so long inviting us to use and improve it, too
many of us will have to lament that they have profited
little by their vast and now past opportunities. If we
have lounged when we might bare studied—if the me-
mories of our " hours mis-spent and talents misapplied"
come upon us with any feelings of compunction—these
will be most bitterly felt at the first moment when the
opportunity for redeeming the time is over. And thus
the Exhibition is to us all an epitome of life and its
duties. It is but one impressive page of what the world
is to all " human mortals"—a thing of varied uses and
purposes to profit by, of which we never know the full
import, nor the enormous capabilities for good, till the
inevitable hour conies when we can no longer take ad-
vantage of them. If, ill auch homely but practical way,

Sums granted by • rarliament out of the

Quarters ended Oct.lo.

5,478,468
1,288,161

859,589
98,855
420,518
421,384

8,566,975
5,051,861

13,618,83 G

5,43(,47
1,291,26

4,525,825
5,308,055

The Surplus of Revenue, after providing for the Charges on the Co]
Supply Service in the Quarter ended 10th October, 1851.. • • • • • • • • .

758,196
99,195
461,481
286,618

8,333,242
3,308,055

13,641,297

)nsolidated Fund, and for the payment of

523,122

78J,230

259,108

' attempts to deal with them, the foresight and the fore-
cast, the courage and patience, and caution and resource,
and tact and management and method, that are required
to achieve and carry out what has been contemplated--
those alone, in short, who know what it is after all to be
beaten by details, can at all appreciate as it deserves
" The Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations," as it
has been realised in Hyde-park. We aro persuaded that
were the illustrious Prince, who has been all along the
head and mainspring of the whole, to command that a
full and true chronicle of the proceedings should be pub-
lished, he would be doing that which would be accept-
able and serviceable to the country at large. It is
known, generally at least, it should be universally, that
with his Royal Highness originated the idea of a public
"National Exhibition of the Works of British Industry."
His one sole object being to benefit and elevate this
country, giving to other nations the opportunity to
inspect and to appreciate. As President of the Society
of Arts ho had watched over the growth and witnessed
the good effects of such exhibitions on a small scale,
within the walls of that society. It was in Juno, 1849,
that his Royal Highness summoned to Buckingham
Palace three gentlemen belonging to that society, Mr.
Cole, Mr. Scott Russell, and Mr. Fuller, to meet Mr.
Thomas Cubitt. At that meeting was laid the foundation of
the present Exhibition. The success of the "Exposition" at
Paris of that year having been witnessed and strongly
testified to by Mr. Colo and Mr. Fuller, who had just
returned f;rom thence, the combination of foreign pro-
ductions with our own was determined on, and " The
e
f
cqbatl wasoi
eun e classification.ri
head,di
Royal
s yeauoisyts
keboet
originated,
rl Industry
fcAg,loodvho iri
Arts
ttadaAl
working
Commission,,
polaodr ow2tubnkN,
hsooetdis
naruei 0
ettgeseohi i 00.
absiensn:selwersgl
tl
obft'
Royaliios'
believe,
invitedmhuerfvootueaowrpdhdfionr details.
made
sissrz.
eishteßschr rhos:
Highness.
nhcauwerdleitonroulesEmnaecdco:compete.
am;
ouglauiCommission
Mr.ts Titogrvsnoeei:eherno.
6suggesting
tstamti The plan
Ihinsoht,dheeagfeul
investment
should
asltaurtwei least,
det
f
e
itshseue2.o'
and Mr. Scott Russell through this country and
abroad, with Mr. Digby Wyatt for their secre-
tary, to organize the raising of the necessary funds—
with the ultimate issue of the Royal Commission—with
the struggles for a site—with the squabbles about a
building—with the amount of prejudice with which, both
in and out of Parliament, the whole undertaking had to
contend—with the difficulty of finding the contractor,—
the great difficulty of all—with the chance picking-up of
Mr. Paxton's most beautiful and immortal "Crystal
Palace," its opening, and so forth, the public are fami-
liar, but not with the wondrous smoothness and har-
mony with which the whole management and economy
have been worked, from first to last, by those who took
the Herculean task in band. The great secret lay in
confiding it to so few. Three thorough men of business,
invested with responsibility, and allowed a commensu-
rate discretion, presided over by one clear, comprehensive,
vigorous mind, of patient judgment and commanding
influence, sufficed to carve out and carry through what,
bad there been more extended councils, never would
have seen the light. When the Royal Commission is-
sued the work was half achieved, and then the working
committee was only increased to six. How those six
have discharged their most onerous and responsible
duties the world have had the opportunity of observing.
Their organization has been perfect—a lesson for those
leagued in extensive undertakings. We have said that
" the contractor" was the one great want of all. Had he
not been found, and found at the time at which he was,
the triumph of this country—the wonder of the world—
had never been. We note this, because we have not
seen that any other journal has drawn attention to
it. We note it out of simple justice to the Messrs.
Munday, for they it was who, when contractor after
contractor had been applied to, and had refused, when
one of no mean experience, after having consented, had
withdrawn, came forward in a spirit which shall be
judged of by their after acts, and rescued from certain
and ignominious failure the undertaking which has given
to this country a triumph without a parallel in the annals
of the world. Messrs. Munday it was who, through the
instrumentality of Mr. Fuller, were sought out and in-
duced to take the contract, which no other could be
found to touch, and by that contract they bound them-
selves to this—to pay down, and they paid, 20,000/.
to undertake the whole cost of the building—to pro-
vide office and officers—to advance money for the
preliminery expenses—and to take the whole risk of
the loss. Should there be any profits, they were to
have two-thirds; the Society of Arts the other. Out
of the contractors' two-thirds were to come all preli-
minary expenses, all costs of management, all costs of
the Exhibition itself, exclusive of the building, and all
expenses whatever, not included in the foregoing. In the
month of November, after the contracts had been signed,
caution and vigilance for the public interest on the part
of some one—Mr. Labouchere, we believe—led him to
suggest that some entailment of these anticipated profits
(100,0000 was desirable, if fairly practicable—a direct
application to Messrs. Munday was made for their con-
sent to this, and to extend the period for determining
the contract. Again, that consent was given.
They agreed to let the amount of profit they
were to have be decided entirely by arbitration,
when the Exhibition should be over, and to extend
th© period for determining the contract alto-
gether to the 31st of March. This settled, the Messrs.
Munday, as the recognised and accepted contractors, be-
gan and proceeded with the preliminary works, and so
things went on until Mr. Paxton and his glittering pro-
ject crossed the path. The public know the history of
its acceptance. Messrs. Monday and their contract were
no longer needed, and, under the arbitration clause in
that contract, it was determined that the contract should
be put an end to, the amount of compensation being in
the bosom of the arbitrators. But this is not all. The
notices were given, but the arbitration, from sone
cause or other, failing, a new arbitrator be-
came necessary. Messrs. Monday being asked to
name one, gave permission to the Commissioners to
select one of their own body as sole arbitrator. They
selected Mr. Robert Stephenson. He made his award.
It appeared in print some time, if we remember
rightly, about the 23d of July last. Accompanied by
this noticeable fact, there appeared on the same day,
in the editorial columns of the same paper, an article
on the award. In the award, the amount awarded was
not given; in the article it was. The amount, if we
remember right, was 5,000/., some odd. Whether this
has more than paid Messrs. Munday the mere money
out of pocket we know not. We have heard of no
complaint on their part either against the arbitrator
or his award. But we can imagine that while the
notes of wonderment and admiration and praise of the
"Crystal Palace" and its "Exhibition" have been
ringing through the world—while the names of
" Mr. Paxton," and of " Messrs. Fox and Henderson,"
and " Mr. Owen-Jones," have been, and worthily,
on the lips of all, with princes for their panegy-
rists, and tens of thousands, nay, millions, have echoed
back the well-earned tribute of applause, and no place
has been apparently given in the minds of any to so
much as the names of Messrs. Mende), I we can well
believe that those gentlemen may, nay must, have felt
keenly the simple omission; but we claim for them that
henceforth they be remembered whenever enterprise, and
expressed himself in terms
of high and deserved commendation ofis
their liberality.
lovepla c
so
and
ncdo country, rayp, p
ra
encdi
at
e high-minded
lv e
know
n liberality e r
thatlit y
h shall
Royal
Highness Prince Albert has
Surely oughtOf th e
sur-
plus Commission,
establishment of a Central
School of Design in the metropolis, under the charge,
we suspect, of Mr. Paxton,
w theu
be found
to nation
do cantnoo be more?d, oth ne shse .
destinationuOr
branches in all or most of the principal manufacturing
towns. One omission in the beneficial results that have
proceeded from the first public Exhibition of the
Industry of all Nations we must supply, and that is,
that its effect has been to deepen and widen to an immea-
surable extent the feelings of affectionate loyalty and
devotion of the people of this country to their beloved
Queen. The experiment had been well made had it
borne no other fruits; and we speak the feelings of
every one who has had any oportunity of judging,
when see say, that throughout the whole of this mo-
mentous undertaking but one impression has remained
upon the mind of those engaged in it of the condescend-
ing kindness, the clear-seeing sagacity, the unques-
tioned high ability, extensive information, untiring
energy, and thorough business-like habits of his Royal
Highness Prince Albert. He has achieved for this
country a noble and a peaceful triumph. Ho has won
for bis beloved Consort and her Throw) gold Cwwu

we gain this common-place moral from the closing of the
Exhibition, it may be that, while—
,6 As sadder and as wiser men,
We rise the morrow morn"—
we may havo to thank Hyde-park for a deeper truth than
any connected with its immediate aspect.
Still, oven with such an abatement to our self-com-
placency—with this melancholy sense of short-comings,
public as well as individual—we have much to bo grate-
ful for. How much can only be estimated by taking a
retrospect of the possible failures of what has been but
one happy and protracted triumph. It cannot be said
that all the evil omens which attended the first concep-
tion and progress of the Exhibition wero either imagi-
nary or illusory. Very coldly indeed was the project
at first received, both at home and abroad. Slowly and
wearily did it win its way to public confidence. It was
conceived in days of anxiety at home, and in the very
thick of wars abroad. Rocked in a somewhat dingy,
if actively manipulated, cradle in John-street, Adelphi,
the infant Hercules had mach to undergo before
it achieved the first of its triumphant labours.
The serpents, or rather blind-worms of indiffe-
rence and opposition, were not strangled at a single
squeeze. The first advances of the committee wero
not very warmly responded to. A successful meeting
at the Mansion-house was followed by no very abundant
train of subscriptions. The manufacturing districts,
though the first to overcome, were not the last to express
their doubts and difficulties. When all was still most
uncertain as to the extent to which exhibitors would
accept the general invitation, it was only at the very last
moment that Mr. Paxton appeared. There was cer-
tainly a knot worthy of somo divine untying when the
Divinity at length descended in a car of glass and iron.
And, up to the very eve of May-day—as all who lived in
London society could bear witness—there were, to say
the least, as many ominous as auspicious forebodings.
We were to be overthrown by hordes of Red Republicans
—property and chastity wore to be seriously imperilled
—dark hints of an kneute, in the very presence of Royalty
itself, were scattered—surmises of unknown, and therefore
more terrific, dangers to our laws, our principles, and
our social state, moral, sanitary, and political, were
freely suggested—our trade was to be ruined—and
London was to be given up to savage bands of plotters
against Church and State. Nor was this all. The
building would bo unsafe—it would be too hot, or too
cold, or both; the galleries would break down, the walls
would spread, the columns would sink, the girders would
snap, every pocket was to be picked, every stall was to
be rifled, and what irresistible robbery spared fire was
to consume and rain to destroy. Property and public
peaco in the Crystal Palace would net be worth a week's
purchase. And so generally had these apprehensions
extended that it is a fact, which there is now no occasion
to conceal, that within three days of the Ist of May it
was by no means certain that her Majesty herself—not
the least firm-hearted of her sex—had not all but deter-
mined not to be present at the opening.
Amidst such an array of antecedent difficulties, when
every detail of the scheme—the prize question,
the publication of prices question, the site question, the
building question, the admission question, and the like
—had received open er ill-concealed opposition from a
large portion of the press, it is with no small satisfac-
tion that we review our own consistent and unfaltering
support of the Exhibition. Our confidence in the work
itself—in the objects at which it aimed—in the judg-
ment and discretion of the Commissioners—in the ma-
jestic power of British law—in the good sense and good
feeling of the English people—in the effects of that con-
fidence with which we met and invited foreigners—and
in the results, immediate and distant, which it would
produce, not only as to ourselves, but upon the common
family of mankind----was from the very first clear, dis-
tinct, and unimpaired. And if, from this emuneration
of the subjects of our steady trustfulness, we seem to
have omitted ono of paramount value and influence,
we can point back to topics long and often handled
in these columns, for a proof that wo have not
forgotten that, " Except the Lord build the
house, their labour is but lost that built it."
A world-wide, a world-famed, a world-embracing
vision of beauty, pomp, and power, now goes the way
which every human institution has gone, or must go. It
is perhaps well that it should be cut off in the very midst
of its glory, rather than it should preach the vanity of
human things in the less dignified shape of a thing of
senility and faded splendour. We realize the vastness
by its extinction in its pride. It departs not without
blessing, as it has existed crowned with honour and ap-
plause. The grandest epitome of the world's riches, in-
telligence, and skill which mankind has ever witnessed
—its monument and memories are circumscribed but by
the world itself. All nations have contributed to send
its treasures to our shores, and all nations will listen to its
history. It will boa tale for the grey-haired man of half a
century hence, to tell of the London of 1851, and of what
is long likely to be " The Great Exhibition." He may
tell of it as marking an era when nations first began
to understand their mutual relations and their common
interests—when the arts of elegance and taste were first
introduced into the hives and cottages of society—when
school boy and school girl, artisan and ploughman, col-
lier and hind, barbarian, Scythian, bond, and serf,
were for the first time brought into association, not only
with the rich and worthily.c nd
—"vett, both in station and
in education, but with the truer riches and the higher
educational powers of civilization, science
and skill—
when art became practical, and when the dullest utili-
tarianism was taught the usefulness of beauty and
form—when, in a single day, nearly ono hundred and
ten thousand human beings were collected under a
single roof without a single infringement of law and
order—when, during the space of six months, the world's
largest city received more than double its popula-
tion—and all this, not only without occasion for a sin-
gle additional bayonet or sword, but almost without the
need of once wielding a policeman's staff. If these aro
not triumphs of the highest moral kind, then has the
Exhibition been an emphatic failure and a national mis-
fortune. we may Sum up its results,
auneodutsea:,
though written in the last century, are on this day re-
markably applicable:— and which,
Where Commerce has enrich'd the busy coast;
in
th"elw'hoesrnedsuatroeifft the gifts iefrtwswieissfee'in Art, hisand simplicity,
nr
ye
's
most
He catches all improvements in his flight,
Spreads foreign wonders in his country's sight,
Imports what others have invented well,
And stirs his own to match them, or excel.
'Tis thus, reciprocating each with each,
hhole."
'While Providence enjoins to every soul
Palace,"—so
(From the Hcraldo
far, at least, as the public and its original and accom-
concerned. Ale •
accom-
plished purpose aro (sling of sadness
d it—s sadness that will have
steals over us as we record AA
tuenrinoant ewl yi
tthil the
nationsv s
not •
many sharers. And yet we would it were otherwise.
learn
e raq
The last sun has risen on the e. "Crystal
The mighty monument of enterprise and skill has nobly
served
no y
is over—the
x 1 1 1011"
served its purpose. The " E
"building " i
triumph is complete. The*
.s to oome down.
this moment have no
With its after destiny we at concern.
So far as regards its present site and
use, "Delenda est!"
Our readers may take our word for it. We have,
as yet no standard wherebye to. measure the
probable consequences of
t
gtglatic under-
taking. That it has stimulated the industry and
called forth the creative faculties of our own
countrymen in every branch of manufacture and
of art no one can deny. It has shown to the nations of
the world what each can do; animating, inspiring, and
instructing all. National prejudices,e antipathies, an
animosities, have given way before _h " natural magic"
of its influence. We have heard from the lips of fo-
reigners of all classes that it has given them higher,
f England and the En
c,lih of
juster, kindlier views o
habits, •
manners, institutions, even
our powers, products,
of our climate, than they had before • We would instance
especially our French and our Americanl neighbours as
foremost in these acknowledgments. Who shall attempt
to set, as yet, the full value on such admissions? A
for mankind, bidding snightyleeson has been unfolded all
to note and to acknowledge the bounty, and the
power, and the wisdom, and the goodness,
and the glory
of Almighty God. The
lesson, cannot will not, have been read in vain.
,
It has been indeed a colossal project. The vastness
of
its proportions are open to the eyes of all—its success,
its praises, are in die mouths of
all—and a general ap-
preciation of what has been accomplished, and must have
been overcome, is, broadly speaking, no doubt floating
in the minds of all. But those alone who are conversant
with largo works, who know how clear, and vigorous,
stud CQUIPtehellaYO.O3UO be the grasp thi4t 30 much as

deeper hold on to the hearts of her subjects. He has
earned by it for himself the gratitude, the confidence,
and the respect of all classes of the community.
(From the Advertiser.)
As, conformably to official notification, the Great Ex-
• i hibition will be finally closed against the general public
before the going down of this day's sun, it may not be
considered an unmeet act on the part of journalists who
have faithfully recorded the marvels of this mighty re-
pertory of the world's artificial novelties, to take a Par-
thian glance at the memorable scene which is about
to vanish from our view fir ever. Looked at merely
as an astonishing aggregate of the products of human
industry, the Exhibition presents itself to our percep-
tions as a colassal bazaar, to which all civilizcal, and
even semi-barbarous, nations have contributed their
quota of useful, ornamental, and gorgeous articles.
We may safely say that no such gigantic gathering of
the world's wonders has ever been concentrated under
one capacious covering, as at this hour may be witnessed
in the so-styled Crystal Palace. But th© vast elements
on which ocular observation may be incessantly exer-
cised are perhaps, after all, less important in what they
show, than in what they suggest. Just think of the
enormous amount of mental activity, flowing into indus-
trial channels, which must have been awakened in the
four quarters of the globe, in order to prepare fitting
contributions for the London Exhibition. The highest
gratification we derived from our external survey of the
Exhibition was considering its contents as a congress of
the world's material comforts, and we felt disposed to
view each country's peculiar productions, whether of
nature or art, as delegated proofs of the bounty of an
all-wise Providence, in assigning to every land the
quantum of distinctive donation which justifies the patrio-
tic preference of its inhabitants, whether " panting at
the line," or hardily combating the cold of an Arctic
temperature.
" Such is the patriot's boast, where'er we roam—
His first, best country ever is at home."
Thus far we have sought to take a periscopic view of
the multiform aspects of the Great Exhibition, considered
as a gigantio emporium of mute and material things, all
significant of some social specialty in the arts which
minister to human ease or enjoyment, to man's comfort
or luxury; and for conducing, by clever conception, and
well-directed energy, to the complete achievement of
this great object, we, without unseemly adulation, tender
our best acknowledgments to the Prince Consort. No
commercial cavalcade could have ever effected what
Prince Albert and his committee so ably carried
out; for, by the elevating interfusion of Royal
influence, the industrial arts were efficiently encou-
raged, while the more vulgar element of traffic was
kept tastefully in the background. This could not
have been done if the mere trading principle had
been called nakedly into operation. There was a vesture
of courtly patronage required in order to lend an august
appearance of imperial grandeur to the Exhibition; and
the Prince, as a high functionary, and the Queen as a
most assiduous patroness, have succeeded in throwing a
lustre over this magnificent affair, which makes the
world their debtors for one of the noblest shows that
ever gratified the gaze of admiring millions.
We do not venture to assume such high ground as the
political enthusiasts who would claim for the Exhibition
a sort of vague potency in securing permanent peace on
earth; but there are many benefits which come short of
consummate blessedness, and which are, notwithstanding,
full of mercy to mankind. Among these admirable ad-
vantages we are inclined to reckon the international confi-
dence and cordiality which drew such crowds of strangers,
as exhibitors and sightseers, to the hospitable shores ofour
sea-girt isle. No nation but the English could have pro-
vided the requisite machinery for so extraordinary an
Exhibition; nor do we think that the nations of the earth
would have responded to any other call, save the social
summons, which convened the world's wonders to a
wonderful repository in England's metropolis.
But the vast fund of thought and reminiscence to
which the Exhibition has given birth will not pass
away with the removal of its contained riches, or with
the speedy subversion of that dazzling and graceful struc-
ture, through which so many gratified millions have
wended their almost enchanted way. What enlarge-
ment of mind will infallibly take place among count-
less artisans of every diversity and grade, who have
carried home in their heads and hearts some special
features of the Exhibition, calculated to help them
in their respective trades, callings, and pur-
suits. What an abundance of fresh ability in all
the useful and embellishing arts will burst into
bright development, when the details of the Exhibition
became familiarly known, not only in the ateliers of
Paris, but in the workshops of Moscow and Madrid—in
the busy hut of the Hindoo, or of the Russian serf. In
short, wherever incipient industry exists in mines or on
mountains, at home or abroad, the good effects of the
Exhibition will be sensibly and profitably experienced.
We cannot close our remarks without calling especial
attention to the goodness of the Deity, in averting all
the evils which might have sprung from the close con-
gregation of the amazing crowds that on so many occa•
sions nearly choked the enormous urea of the
Exhibition. There was to be seen wide-spread
stalls fraught with every kind of valuables, un-
guarded by the presence of their owners, and yet
preserved from outrage or rapine, not so much by
police vigilance as by an instinctive sense of public
probity, which scrupulously avoided the infliction of
injury and never dreamt of depredation. The general
good humour and yieldingness that almost always pre-
vailed were truly marvellous; and we may learn this
lesson from the Exhibition, viz , that the true method of
obviating the tumultuary spirit of assembled thousands
is to have their attention amusingly arrested and main-
tained by objects worthy of enlightened observation
People are sure to be orderly when their minds aro ade,
quately exercised.

THE GREAT EXHIBITION SURPLUS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—AII is over—sentence has gone forth—a few
brief hours and the Crystal Palace—the world's wonder
—its glories—.
" Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
And, like an unsubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind."
Amongst the many who solicit your indulgence, stay
I, as one who has severely suffered by the Great Exhi-
bition, without a murmur of complaint, be permitted,
through your influential journal, the means of suggest-
ing to the Royal Commissioners the eery best method of
disposing of their surplus funds arising out of the Great
Exhibition? A suggestion which, 1 doubt not, will be
found more worthy their attention, and coagenial to their
tastes, than building asylums for
,decayed policemen or
foreign artisans; raising Cleopatra 's needle, or returning
their money to the subscribers.
I would, with all deference, respectfully suggest to the
Royal Commissioners, that they do devote the surplus
funds arising out of the Great Exhibition to the erection
of a national theatre—a theatre worthy of this great
country, and the grandest drama tee world can boast.
The nation, all honour to it, has already purchased
the house of Shakspere, and made sacred for all time
the birth-place of England's brightest genius—the mas-
ter-spirit of humanity. Let the Royal Commissioners
emulate and excel this generous example, by erecting
and endowing a temple for the perpetual representation
of the genius of the world's great moral teacher.
Let them appoint their own trustees, treasurers, audi-
tors, &c. Let them solicit such men as Messrs. W.
Macready, C. Young, C. liemble, G. Bartley, C. Far-
ley, T. P. Cook, and others, men of years, experience,
fortune, and education, and without further interests to
serve, save the elevation of their once loved profession,
to form a committee of management. Let these again
(to lessen their labours) select proper officers for carry.
ing out their plans, director, stage, and acting manager,
&c. Let the wisdom and experience of this committee
be responsible that no plays but those whose aim and
end shall be the elevation of taste and morals be pro-
duced. Lot them appoint a company of performers of
talent and reputation, composed of artists who will
cheerfully rally round the committee, honourably and
earnestly aid their exertions, express their gratitude by
their willing efforts, and show themselves worthy of the
honour of being associated as members of the first
theatre in the world. Let this be done—success is cer-
tain, and the capital invested would remain untouched
by the necessities of the establishment. What the
Royal Academy of Painting has achieved by genius,
patronage, and protection, may also be accomplished by
" the youngest of the sister arts." There is in England a
belief generally acknowledged, though rarely advocated,
that it is the duty of all Governments to look well that
the works of Shakspere be always performed, as their
effect upon the moral tone of the people must be very
great. Row truly this was felt, appreciated, and expressed
in the patronage extended to the drama in the reign of
George 111. eeed not now be told. The National
Theatre was then, as it ever ought to be, a great normal
school for eloquence, poetry, and patriotism! The
blessed sight of seeing England's peace and loyalty—its
reverence and love for country and for Queen, at a time
like this, when " half to half the world is by the ears,"
might as readily be shown to be the result of Shales-
pere's teaching as to any other cause—yes, to the pre-
cepts of him who has been declared the world's sublimest
genius! Emperors and kings, bishops and barristers,
doctors and divines, bear witness to the truth; and bia
inspired language is spoken by all classes of men, from
the prince to the player. Surely this glorious mind,
which made itself a mighty organ for the expression of
universal nature, is worthy of a temple for its shelter in
the land of its birth. The Government of this country
cannot or will not interfere; then let the Royal Com-
missioners step boldly forward, and earn a nation's gra-
titude.

- We must now take a reluctant farewell of the Great
Exhibition, which during its continuance has, wo do not
for a moment doubt, affjrded more satisfaction to a
larger number of the human race than ever emanated
from all the sights and shows pompously presented to
the public gaze in all preceding ages.
(From the Times.)
Yesterday Erasmus York, an Esquirnaux, from Wel-
stenhohne Bay, brought to this country by Captain
Ounnanney, of the Arctic Expedition, was present
during the day, and his appearance excited some in-
terest. Stalls have been placed at the western points of
intersection of the nave and transept for the display of
the sketches with which Mr. Digby Wyatt proposes to
illustrate his work on the artistic objects of the Ex-
hibition. These sketches, though shown in an in-
complete state, appear to be well selected, and pro-
mise to be most suggestive to our manufacturers.
The two remarkable bronze busts in front of the
vres room, which have attracted so much deserved
admiration, have just been purchased for the Duke
of Devonshire by Mr. Paxton. Their price was 2401.
without the moulds. The offices of the Executive arc
in a state of permanent blockade by crowds of applicants
for admission on the three privileged days of next week.
An immense number of tickets have been issued, and it
is considered propable that on Monday and Tuesday
there will be a large attendance. To-dey we understand
that as soon as the clocks have struck five o'clock all the
organs and musical instruments adapted for the purpose
will be called into requisition, and will play in concert
the National Anthem. The assembled spectators will,
it is expected, join heartily in this performance, and the
Great Exhibition will thus close with a public manifes-
tation of loyalty—not the less impressive or effective
that it partakes ;of an impromptu character. As to
the programme for Wednesday, its strictly business cha-
racter is not, we are assured, to be departed from; but
wo have every confidence that the Royal Commission
will avail themselves of that opportunity for making
those grateful acknowledgments to the Almighty vs hieh
the termination of so vast and successful an undertaking
dictates, and which the religious feeling of the country
demands. The pomp of a State ceremony and procession
may be wanting, and yet all that is requisite may be
done to satisfy public expectation and to send the great
body of exhibitors away happy and contented. In the
midst of the closing excitement the least gratifying or
reassuring subjects of consideration are those which the
jury awards suggest. We have already observed the signs
of coming storms rising in the horizon, and we have every
reason to rejoice that the publication of tho awards has
been so long delayed. When it was too late to
retrace their steps, the Commission found that the
giving of prises was a grave error in principle, calculated
to do an immense amount of mischief without any
'commensurate good. They have sought to neutralize
the evil effects thus likely 'to be produced by a wide-
spread distribution of medals, and by disparaging, as
far as they safely could, the value of the limited number
of medals—usually called 'great medals—given by the
Council of Chairmen. Let them, however, do all they
can, still numerous heartburnings will exist, and many
injurious preferences will arise in the course of a trade
founded on these awards. A satisfactory close to the
Exhibition would go far to fortify the public against
the impressions likely to be produced on it by indi-
vidual disappointments on the one hand, and by
the omissions, the errors, or the carelessness
of some juries on the other. It is obvious that a large
body of men giving their unpaid and voluntary
services to a tedious, arduous, and thankless
series of inquiries, must have betrayed great
inequalities in the amount of zeal and searching accu-
racy of judgment exercised by them. It is equally clear
that a discovery which secures to one man honorary dis-
tinction to-day may be outshone by that of a rival in
business to-morrow, though no reward follows. These
are the two rocks on which the reputation of the Royal
Commission is most likely to founder. They can best
be
he carricurrent ed over them on the high tide of public favour,
t wserves them at present. It does
so, not from anything they have lately achieved, but
simply because the doors of the Crystal Palace are
about to be closed, and wide-spread curiosity and in-
terest are caused by that event. They talk of pulling
down the building ; they issue awards, of the re-
ception of which they show their own misgivings by
delaying the publication of them as long as possible.
The rewards and acknowledgments which are con-
fessedly due from them to the real authors of the Exhi-
bition, remain in doubt and uncertainty. The public
desire for a worthy close to the whole undertaking is
left in a measure to chance for its gratification, and may
prove a failure, though we trust not. Under all these
circumstances the Royal Commission have a prospect full
of awkward features before them. They may, however,
bring their task to a triumphant termination by the ex-
ercise of a judicious liberality, for which, fortunately,
they have the means at their disposalina
thefrom sovereign
which the presidency of the Prince Consort almost places
at their command.

It may be truly said of the Great Exhibition, that the
sentence of accumulated millions has testified their una-
nimous approbation of our illustrious Prince Albert's
philanthropic wish to further civilization in its broadest
and most comprehensive sense; may not we then hope
to see this civilization spreading its healthful influences
still further, yea, even to a return of the old love for the
great and meritorious in dramatic literature which once
animated intellectual England? for
" Truth crush'd to earth, will rise again,
The eternal years of God are her's !
But Error wounded writhes in pain,
And dies amidst its worshippers!"
A national theatre tor our national drama is what is
wanted! and I humbly entreat the Royal Commissioners
not to spurn my suggestion. I earnestly solicit the sym-
pathies of the public, and yours, dear Sir. I conjure
my professional brethren, especially those whose wisdom,
years, experience, talent, and influence gives them weight
iu the world, to aid this cause. To the love that's in
them for the art that raised them, I appeal; for I be-
lieve

" The love that's kindled through its beauty
Can never wholly perish!"
Your obedient servant,
JAMES ANDERSON,
Late lessee of the Theatre Royal, Drury-lane.
Garrick Club, October, 1851.

TO THE .ELITOR OF THE SUN.
know that the countenance of any good
object, in tho columns of the powerful and influential
press, gives au immediate weight to it, that otherwise,
huwever useful or philanthropic it might be, it would be
years in attaining. The melancholy visitation that Pro-
vidence has inflicted on Mr. William Pennyfeather (as
stated in the advertisement in the papers of the 3d inst.),
the consequent distress of himself, wife, and children,
and the appeal to the public for subscriptions for their
support, induce me to beg the favour of this letter
having a corner in your journal; the aim of it
being to show that there is a channel open, fully
capable, if only timely availed of, to protect
clerks generally from the sad destitution resulting
from sudden temporary or permanent inability to con-
tinue in their situations, whether arising from a depri-
vation of intellect, accident, or any other cause. Mr.
Pennyfeather was a clerk of the higher grade, being
latterly manager of a country branch bank, and his
position apparently precluded the chance of either him
or his family ever being in distress, and therefore, per-
haps, the desirability of his joining the institution I
allude to did not present itself to his attention; or per-
haps the unfortunate gentleman had never heard of it.
It is with this latter impression on my mind that I am
impelled tiith the desire to avail myself of your
columns (with your kind permission) to bring to the
notice of all clerks, mercantile and professional, in
London and the country, in as prominent a
way as possible, the knowledge of the existence of au
association, which now goes far to prevent, and which
may easily be made wholly to avert, the possibility of
that lamentable distress and humiliating public appeal
occurring in respect to its members, which have un-
happily fallen on Mr. Pennyfeather.
The society I refer to was established in 1840; its
high pinnacle of respectability, perhaps, no other similar
society can reach; it is patronised by the Bank of Eng-
land and principal London firms; its trustees aro Thomas
Baring, Esq., M.P., Thomson Ilankey, Esq., Wm. Geo.
Prescott, Esq., Baron Rothschild, M.P.; its treasurer is
John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P., its auditors J. W. Gilbert,
Esq., Geo. Pollard, Esq., Wm. Since, Eql.; its managers
are chiefly principal clerks in the large mercantile and
banking firms of London; its object is twofold—the ono
branch is " Life Insurance," and a policy for 1001. or
upwards, with au annual subscription of 55., confers the
benefits of bath branches; the other branch is the
" Benevolent," and all its advantages are secured by a
subscription merely of one guinea annually. The
benefits are not only the amount of the policy, in case of
death, for the benevolent fund provides during the life of
the member, in case of temporary distress or illness,
loans and gratuities according to the number in family;
and in the event of any permanent calamity, such, among
others, as that which has happened to poor Mr. Penny-
feather, an annuity of 251. to 351., together with allow-
ances to the family; and further, on the death of the
husband, the widow would be eligible herself for an
annuity of 151. to 251.
The subscription advertised for the support of Mr.
Pennyfeather and family is, no doubt, liberal, and to an
amount that not one clerk in a thousand similarly
afflicted would ever obtain, but yet it would only pur-
chase an annuity during his life of about 301,, and
would leave, at his death, his widow and children ne-
cessitous.

What immense advantages and inducements, then, at
a trifling cost, aro here shown to be offered to clerks by
the association I am endeavouring to advocate; namely,
the Provident Clerks' Association. At present it has
about twenty annuitants on the funds; and if clerks ge-
nerally, the seniors and juniors, the well and the ill paid,
would rally round this institution, formed specially for
their class, not only would the funds be ample to give
all its benefits, and the annuities WITHOUT the ordeal of
election to all members whose health or faculties failed,
or whose circumstances became impoverished, but would
enable the amounts to he much increased.
To render this institution widely known, and hoping
thus to attain the above important ends so certainly and
so cheaply to be secured to all clerks through the
general co•operation of the immense body const.itut.og
their class, is the main object of this communication.
To To the clerks who, in the enjoyment of health ang
thed
income, think they will not, bat yet may,require would
member), I would
have been entitled to had ho been a
benefits held out (and which Mr. I'ennyfeather
provide for the
life is already sufficiently insured) to the latter,
say, join the association by e.guines steobscir ption (if your
I to secure for yourselves,
and assistance, which
I7woroeurldasnady,l
jeosisnf,orbtyunaapteo
-anaturally, look forward to
lorfy
,yiodu r fellows;
you, or your
wives, and,childfraemn
children,
mayfu
lone
most important feature remains to bo men-
need. d, Ait
is
' that a clerk whose state of health renders
nruble may, notwithstanding, become a
Benevolent fund.
mhiemlmbbeel g4rnt-oc: fastuphoa
logi se for this letter, which my zeal has
lengthened much beyond my intention. I will only
add, that the office of the company is No. 42, Moor-
gate-street, London, where prospectuses and full in-
formationobtained by personal or postal appli-
cation.—l t9no honour to be, Sir, yours, &c.
may
have b
GEORGE THOMAS,
An original promoter, and forteerly
a Manager and Chairman of the
Association.
Old Broad-street, Oct. 6, 1851.

ANOTHER FATAL COAL-PIT ACCIDENT.—Another
fatal coal-pit accident occurred on Tuesday morning at a
colliery in the parish of Timsbury, Somerset, belonging to
S. P. Sambuurne, Esq. A man named Joseph Britton was
about to descend a shaft, when what is technically called a
" tack" gave way, and Britton, missing his hold, was pre-
cipitated to the bottom of the pit, and killed upon the spot.

ACCIDENT ON TUE DUBLIN AND BELFAST JUNC-
-x RAILWAY.—On Thursday last another unfortunate
man,lw named James M'Ardle, employed as a navvie on the
line, was killed near Scarva, on the Dublin and. Belfast June-
tionßailway. The accident. occurred about six o'clock in the
morning by the deceased, in attempting. to put on a break,
falling over the waggon in which he was standing. Fiyo wag:.
gcut 1,400c1 9Yel WY,—Balittor of Ulster.

ABSCONDING OF A RAILWAY STATION-MASTER.--
The station-master in charge of the Bingham Station of the
Nottingham and Grantham Railway, has just absconded with
the prvCeetii4 91'tke !lye ezcuniva traig4s t 9 ISQttivghaul