The Sun.
London, England, 1802-08-11 00:00:00

LONDON, AUGUST ii, 18oz.

THE: Paris Journals of the 6th, and the other
Papers of the 7th inst. reached' us this morning.—
The Moniteur of the 6:h announces the Sena-
tus Consul/um as an Ael of the Government, it
'having been passed by. the Conservatory Se-
nate. From r this it is obvious, that the New
Constitution is not to be submitted at all to the
choice of the People. To it is added a Table of the
number of Deputies to be eleaed
.by each Depart-
ment for the formation of the Legislative Body.—
They are Three Hundred in number.
Ey an article from Sem/in, of the 17th ultimo, it
appears that the Garrison of Belgrade has been cut
to pieces by the AGA CONI AL LY, in an ambuscade.
It .now appears- that the EMP EROR Of RUSSI A has
not yet signified his assent to the Convention con.
ducted at Paris on the 4th of June, relative to the
Indemnities; nor did the MinisteFs of the DAP ERo R

of (7-E1 MANY take any part in the Treaty, nor in
the discussions previous to its conclusion, although
it so materially concerns him as Head of the Empire.
• It begins to be pretty evident now, that a parti-
tion of European Turkey is on the tapir.--A very-
frequent Correspondence has been carried on for
some time between the Court of Vicilhyr and the
Sublime. Porte, and it is said, the EMPEROR is to
- have an interview shortly with the KING of
PRUSSIA. •

'e shall now resume our remarks on the
New Constitution which the First Consul has
dictated to the French People. The most prominent
feature of this System is to consolidate all Power in
the handy of the Chief Magistrate, who is now
authorized to nominate every Public Officer under
the Government, In this instance, the very shadow
of Popular Eleaion has been taken from the People.
All trust and discretion are deposited exclusively
with him ; he appoints the Presidents of the Can.:
to►ul Assemblies, the justices of the Peace fir the
Cantons, he chooses the Mayors ;Ind Assistants in
the Municipal Councils, the Presidents of the '
Eledoral Colleges, and he may add ten Members
out of the Legion of Honour, or any'others, to each
Electoral College; and he is at .liberty to make this
nomination WheneverNi pleases, He also appoints
One half of the Citizens in each Council of 4 circuit,
Ice selects the- Members of the trillunate to every
vacant place in the Council Qeneral,of the Depart-
.
men t, also ..the iView-bers.,Of: the Senate, the Legis-
lative -Idy short, 'the yhole• body of the
State is at his command.

The odier branches of the Executive Department
Lave also unsierpr,e tpaterial alterations,. The two

.other Coasuls.ate for lire, they are also Member;
and Presidents of the Senate. In this instance, the
power of Eleftion is iv feel reserved to the First
Consul, for in case of .a vacancy in the Consulship,
he presents three times to the Senate another person,
and though they may twice rejea, the third person
is necessarily to be received. The First Consul has
the power of nominating his Successor.
The Senate is altogether deprived of that Power
which it formerly possessed of correaing the abuses
of the Government, and consequently there remains
no Authority in. the State to balance the evils of
Mal-administration. In this circumstance, we
apprehend that the French Government has mista-
ken its most effeaive method to make itself respea-
ed ; because respea for a Government frequently
arises from the conviction that it will sometimes
acknowledge itself to he in the wrong, and alter its
condtift in compliance with the National Wishes.
Even in the must Despotic Governments, the Ruling
Powers have it o t felt uncomfortable at the existence
of any Permanent Institution, which, in a greater
or lesser degree, may be considered as the organ of
the Public Voice. Those must 14e arrogant and un-
happy indeed, who have the vanity to assume to
themselves the charafter of all-searching Wisdom;
and who aCt as if their measures were never liable
to errors and animadversion. An organ of rational
and moderate Opposition to injudicious Legislative
Propositions, is the best guaranty of Civil Free-
dom and Governmental Security.
The want of such an organ, and the miseries
which its loss occasioned, were fully illustrated in a
degenerated period of the French History. In the
year z 6 5, the King went from Vincennes in a
hunting-dress, attended by his whole Court, and
entering the Parliament Chamber in jack-boots, and
his whip in his hand, made use of these words :
'' The mischiefs your Assemblies produce are well
known ; I comilland you to break up those you
, .
have begun upon', may 'Edias. Mr. President, I
forbid you to permit these Assemblies, and any of
yuu to demand them."*

The present Constitution has wholly destroyed
the Independence of the Senate. It was before or-
ganized in such a manner, as to enable it to exercise
a very considerable degree of power, and its Mem-
bers were incapable of filling any other employment.
This was assuredly the best mode of rendering it
Free and Independent. But now, they may be ad-
vanced to Public Situations, and to Foreign Mis-
sions, a temptation which cannot fail to render them
ever subservient to the measures of the Go-
vernment, and which no doubt has operated to in_
duce them to give their speedy and inconsiderate
saniuion to that System which extinguishes their
rank and dignity. Selfishness is the predominant
principle that reigns in 'the heart of every French-
man ; as long as that base motive can be gratified,
'they will ever be heedless of their honour and cha-
radcr, as a free People.
Such are the refledions to .which this new Model
of Government has given rise. We reason merely
as Englishmen, and do not pretend to unravel how
far the circumstances and genius of the French
People, may authorize,- after twelve years of strug_
gle, so sudden a change, and a discipline so unprece_
dented in the Annals of Mankind.
This SubjeCt man-rally
~draws general attention,
and may probably be the theme of much Declama-
tion, if not Discussion in this Country ; as in
France, we are led to believe, it will not be dis-
cussed at all. While our own happy Constitution,
however, secures to us the right of freely expressing
our sentiments on every topic, it is not our busi-
ness' to condemn others who do not possess the
same invaluable Privileges. It is too much, we
fear, the propensity and the habit of Britons, to
compare other Political Institutions with their
own, and to express their approbation or condem-
nation in the proportion as those shall he found to
agree with them, This, we apprehend, is a false mode
. Of *reasoning, and ofjudging. The. British Constitution,
like our Native Oak, has been long in growing up to
maturity, and is so congenial to the Mariners, Sen-
.timents, and Feelings of the People, that its root
is to be found in every genuine British heart. Not
so with any other System that has ever existed in
any Country of the Civilized World. Under the
former Government of France, the People were
cOmparaii Vely happy for a succession of Centuries—
Having become the tools of Political and Philoso,
phkal Fanatics and Knaves, they thought they
would be happier still.—they- overturned their Go.
vernment, and their, Country became. the Theatre
of Anarchy, Misery, -and Bloodshed.—The most
sanguinary Tyranny, under different formS, pre-
vailed for some years, till under the auspices of a
General, who had often led the French Armies to
ViCtory, a Government was erected, /11,7;za;:y no
doubt, but which had the merit of stopping the
effusion of Blood, and presenting to -France the
dawn of Peace and TranTliflity. That the man

Si&le de I:ouis XIV,

who came into Political Power from being the
Idol and Commander of the Army, should soon
exercise. that Power absolutely, was a natural
transition. The Supplement to the Constitution
of France, or the Neu Constitution now pro-
mulgated, is apparently to give a civil art de-
fined form to that Absolute Power which the Chief
Consul before had a right to exercise. It w:11 pro-
bably be a subjetl of congratulation with the French
People, that they have now reduced to written
Documents, ',what before existed only in the will of
an Individual,,,, That this Document still confines
all power to the Individual, can be to . the People
of France no reasonable objeaion against it. They
ought to receive as an Al of Grace, the establish-
ment of a Written Constitution at all. It is what
possibly they may not understand ; but whatever
be the form of Government that may prevail. in
France, and whether written or not, we are satis-
fied that a strong one is necessary for the manage-
ment of that Country. To the present Chief Con-
sul the French owe many obligations.—He rescued
them from a merciless and sanguinary tyranny.—
They may not now be free, but they are safe from
wanton and oppressive persecution. Jacobinical
prihciples, which kindled the flame bOth in France
and Europe, are exploded by the Consular Govern-
ment, and the immediate consequence has been, the
restoration of internal tranquillity in that Country,
and of Peace to Europe. Thus'far both the People of
Franceand Foreign Nations have-obligations to the
Chief Consul. There seems on his part every dis-
position to preserve the tranquillity, both Foreign
and Domestic, which he has been the means of
bringing about. While we exercise our privilege
as Englishmen, of freely discussing every subjeo,
that may present itself, it is not our wish or our
intention to intermeddle officiously with the internal

concerns of other Nations. If all the People of the
Con'tineno.l4.Cie in a state of abject Slavery, we,
as IbtliToNs would feel our superiority—we might
discuss the causes that produced this difference in
the Moral and Political Situation of so many
Millions of Our Fellow Beings, but we feel we
should possess no right to force upon them a parti-
cipation of the blessings we so distinctly and pre..
eminently enjoy. What is fitting for us may not
be so for any other People on the face of the Globe,
and we are much inclined to think it would not.
The Government now established in France, we
believe to be the best calculated for the- genius of
the People.—They never could conceive what
Liberty was—they hwire never known it, and we
believe them to be wholly incapable of appreciating
or enjoying it. While, therefore, the French Go-
vernment preserves its faith with us, we have no le-
gitimate right to arraign it ; and in every change
that has been made in the Administration of Affairs
in that Country, and more particularly in the New
Constitution, just promulgated, we see no principle
broached that has a tendency to disturb the Peace
so happily established between this Country and
that. On the contrary, in proportion as the .power
of BONAPARTE is consolidated, do we conceive,
that the probable Stability of the Peace is propor-
tionably. increased.

Tij rs morning- a Dutch Mail arrived, but by some
mistafse it brought no Hamburgh Papers The
Batavian Legislative Body have resumed their Sit-
ings, and an Amnesty has been proposed, which will
probably be carried.

Six months Half-pay will on Monday next be
issued to nll the Reduced Officers of His Majesty's
Land Forces, between the 24th of December i Bor,
and the zsth of June 1802; also six months allow-,
ance to the Officers and private Gentlemen of His
Majesty's late third and fourth Troop of Horse
Guards; for the time.
The Paper which first published the account of a
supposed attachment of the DUKE of SUSSEX to a
Portugucze Princess, contains the 'following Para:.
graph :
". We have authority- to state, that the Para-
graph in our Paper of Saturday last, relative to His
Royal Highness the DUKE of Sussex, was without
foundation."

On Monday Earl HOWE had a very. splendid mu-,
sical party on the River, near his seat at Twicken-
ham. The company consisted of all the most dis-
tinguished personages in the neighbourhood. A
number of Professional Gentlemen were present,
and DIGNum sung along with Lady MARY COLE
several Airs in a very capital styP.
The Duke and Dutchess of DEvo:4sHIRE, with-
their Family, are going to Margate.
Yesterday the Dutchess of GORDON and Lady
GEoßot N A were to leave Barnes-Terrace, on their
route ca. France.

A Lettscduuu Peterhead, of the 6171 Augtist,
This day arrived in our Bay the Royal
George Ecisc:Yacht, Capt. CARMICHAEL, with
the Right MM. WILLIAm DuNDAs on board, from
Dunrobin Castle.—Sailed the same day, the Royal
George, for Leith, with the Sloop Elizabeth, a
Smuggler, prize to the said Ship."
Yesterday the Lord Mayor, ordered the Price of
tread to he continued the same as last week, viz.
-Wheaten told. the quartern loaf, t.ricl 9d. House--
hold.

Sir WATK IN LE W FA, we arc happy to hears
comes into Estates worth toool. a_year by the
:Ic:ath of his Brothers the Rev, Dr. LE w ES,

NIIVAL NEWS.

PORTSMOUTH, Auc. zo.

CAME into Harbour thc-Ariath:e Transport.

Arrived the Hole, STOKE, from Havre-de-Grace•

Sailed tlie Hannah, HEDGER, for Falmouth;
Nehon, D0:,:41.D, for Hav-re ; and lane, RicKAB
for Sunderland.

Copt. CASE, of the Auk/ qt. Cutter, has captured
a Smuggler with rso casks of spirits ; and Cal,4
STILES, of the Roebuck, another with go casks of
spirits, all of which were lodged in tic Custom-
house Warehouse here.