The Sun.
London, England, 1856-03-17 00:00:00

TaE S U:3 N , LONDON, MONDAY Eir_ENIN6,'MARCH 17 IMS 6.

THE ARTISTS' GENER.AL BENEVOLENT
INSTITUTION.

I Yarborough bad presented to the institution the copy-
right of the engravings by Mr. T. 0. Barlow, of two
pictures by Mr. J. W. M. Turner, R A.., "The Wreck
of the Minotaur" and "Vintage in the Valley of Ma-
cau."
Sir C. EASTLAKE, P.R.A., proposed "The health ef
the Chairman ;" and a remark he made with reference
to the noble lord's efforts to promote the recreation of
the people," was received .nith much applause.
The next toast was "The Revel Academy ;" in ac-
knm.vledgines which Sir 0. EASTLAKE stated that, by a
decision in the Court of Chancery, the Artists Benevo-
lent Institution would he entitled to a donation of 5001.
under the wilt of the late J. W. M. Turner, R.A.
Earl STANHOPE proposed "The Societies established
for the promotion of Art." In the course of his address
he took occasion to state that a portion of the papers
left, by the late Sir Robert Peel, under the care of him-
self and Mr. Card sell, would be published in a few weeks.
The publication would consist of a part of Sir Robert
Peel's memoirs, written by that statesman himself, and
related to an important period of his life—namely, the
period in which the Roman Citholic Relief Bill was
passed, and contained a full account of his own opinions
end conduct in that transaction. The late Sir Robert
Peel had directed his literary executors to apply the
profits arising from the publication of any of his papers
is the assistance of deserving men in need, who had
followed the pursuits of art, literature, and science. It
might perhaps be mentioned that the very last public
meeting of any kind at which Sir R. Peel was present,
was the anniversary festival of this institution, in 1850,
over the proceedings of which ha presided. In virtue,
therefore, of the powers vested in them, he (Earl Stan-
hope) and Mr. Cardwell now offered to this institution
the first fruit' of the intended publication, and he begged
to tender to the society a draft for 100 guinea..., which he
trusted they would accept as another proof, if any other
was wanting, of the good-will that Sir R. Peel ever felt
and displayed towards art and artists. (This communica-
tion was received with every mark of the greatest inte-
rest and with applause of a peculiarly hearty character.)
The other toast', including "The Artist's Annuity
and Benevolent Fund," were then disposed of.
The subscription list announced contained a sum total
of 6041. 131. Among the donations were—The Chair-
man, 201. ; Lady Chantrey, 201.; Sir C. Eastlake, 10/. ;
Messrs. Webster, R. A., Cockerel!, R.A., Robert', R.A.,
and Haigh, each sent a sum of 100 fr (Si.), which had
'accompanied the prize gold medal awarded to them at
the late Exhibition in Paris.
The company separated about balf•past ten o'clock,
after an anniversary meeting which, notwithstanding the
involuntary absence of several of the warmest supporters
of the institution, was very successful,

, -,; r . ith/Lv-AT.T.

I.;
cornran.

C oisins4 i
this d:.y

this ‘IIY.

Lona=
• N. W:) ,t

Ledford . ~d
Blot,!liley ...
li.o lihek,hariah.
..i;!;.) ClTl,,,ilait.,J,.
.f.al Col, Stour Vy.
' Sacl. and Nal.
WO. R. Lir". g, (3 r,c
all E. Mi. H. Sh.
10 ) Glas. Barr. &
Neil.z.. Direct
1.00 Do, New...-.
al) Gittr.& Pa, Fr
.111 Hrtlpl. Dk. &
Railway__
all Hull & Selby
All Do. 11. r,hrtrf.,z.
1 f4ll Do. 1 - hares.
I all, Lou.k,Greenv,
fsli Do.Preferen:',e
!I° ) LOA., Til.,&S,
[1.0'.). Lowa3tott ;p2,
4 per eeat.
t.t.) Do. 6 uer et.
all Mauch'. Brir
MIA Italloek
,l(llesbro' &
E.odear
100 131!..11d.8r0.i1ia,
Zii Newialtrk,3t
Bury m.=
all N.e.s Fl4t.sp.e.
all Do. 6 p,..r et.
all Do. Fir.orls pa
all Prat. it IN y":-
all Dm t, inhr., A
I.q) Roystn.& Hit.
:3 Shot Roth.an::
Gloolog.ti p.c.
all Shraws.Sz.Ller
9 S. Station-11h.
-.11 WearValia7gr
6 par cent._
all Do
100 Wilti,,t 10-9.

(24 - 95
94 -

Un.
E. C
'Cit.N.rth7o
Cont

-

ii 7.. ii

tic
ri Bern,
y, N

Do

Etv.4.tc r

reto 0,1

[Nor ~
D 0.....

- -
•
DarEugt.
Vvila

F. Cott n.,
Count.

1. IT.~.

Do
CitNorthr,

Yorksia.
'T. Brassey
1!..1.114C1eau,
Dariingt
Do

MURDER, ON MAKER HEIGHTS.

One of the most shocking murders that have occurred
in the West of England for many years was perpetrated
on Thursday night in a field adjoining the camp ground
at the Maker Heights, about two miles from Devon-
port, on the Cornwall side of the Tamar.
On Wednesday last the 3d Jager (rifle) Regiment of
the British German Legion arrived here in the Alps,
and after staying a short time a portion of the regiment
was ordered to Maker, to occupy the accommodation re-
cently used by the South Devon Militia. Amongst the men
so disposed were C. Jacobi and Hans Hansen. On Thurs-
day these two men were drinking together in Mil'brook,
and on Friday morning it was discovered that Jacobi
had been mur lered. Jacobi is said to be a surgeon by
profession, and of very respectable connexions, although
serving as a private. They called at the house of a Mrs.
Palmer, and bought two penny buns and some penny
loaves of bread at about 8 o'clock, and they were then
both the worse for liquor, but Hansen the more ine-
briated of the two. They were subsequently seen going
towards the barracks, Hansen carrying a large stone
under his arm, He did not, however, arrive at the bar-
racks until 12 o'clock, when he was immediately placed
under arrest for being out of quarters without leave after
hours. On Friday morning, on calling over the muster-
roll, Jacobi was missing, and shortly afterwards informa-
tion was received at the barracks that the dead body of a
soldier had been found by a man named Gregory, in a
turnip field near Maker Church, on the heights. A
picquet was sent to the spot, and the body found was at
once identified as that of Jacobi, although he had been
brutally mutilated, especially about the bead. There
were three superficial wounds on the left side of the
head Ivy the ear, of the several lengths of 2 inches,
1 inch, and inch. The scalp was separated from the
skull about 2 inches, thoush the skull was not fractured
externally. On the skull being opened some extravasated
blood was found on the brain, and on removing the brain
the base of the skull was found to be fractured through
that part of the temporal bones which contains the organs
of hearing. About two or three yards from the place
where the body was found a large stone was discovered
bespattered with blood, and to which some human hair
was attached. The stone was nearly 161 b. in weight.
On Hansen being arrested by Capt. Ignace de Zfemicki
that officer observed souse spots of blood on his jacket,
and on his attention being called to it, he started back
and said, "I did not kill the man," and afterwards said
his nose had been bleeding, and that some of the blood
had gone about hie clothes. The deceased had a short
time previously received 40/. from his friends, but the
only money found upon the body was 3s.
A. coroner's jury has returned a verdict of wilful mur-
der against Hans Hansen.
The prisoner will be committed to Bodmin gaol, and
I tried at the Cornwall assizes, which commence on Sa-
arday next.

-14 i

,

- 09

-- 9i

Ap

•••
2i - 24(1

LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE

FRIENDS OF POLAND.

DEPUTATION TO LORD PALMERSTON.
On Saturday a deputation, consisting of the Marquis
of Ereadalbane, presflent ; the Marquis Townshend, Vis-
cenut Itaynhatn, M.P., Co!. Pinney, M.P., E. D,ales,
Eeq., Wrn. L. Birbeck, E,q., honorary Secretary ; and
Captain C. Szulk,z.rwski, resident secretary, had an in-
terview with Lord PahnerAon, f)r the purpose of pveent-

On Saturday evening the 41st anniversary fest; ;al of
the Artists' General Benevolent Institution was held at
the Freemasons' Tavern, Lnrd Stanley, M.P., in the
chair. As is usual on the occasion of these annual ga-
therings of the supporters of the institution, the pro-
ceedings, although the number attending was consider-
able, partook more of the character of a social eseeting
of personal friends than of a public dinner. The arrange-
ments were in every department excellent ; and the
musical entertainment, which comprised the services of
Mr. and Mrs. Lackey, Mr. and Mrs. Weiss. and Mr.
French:, under the superintendence of Mr. J. L. Hattori,
gave much satisfaction. There were present. among
other', Earl Stanhope, Sir C. L. Eastlake, P.R.A. Sir
W. C. loss, R.A., Sir Cbaeles Barry, R.A., C. R.
Cockerel!, Eel ft. A., P. Redgrave, Esq., R. EL,
R. J, Lane, R.A., Titorna; Creswick, R.A., David
Roberts., R.A., T. Webster, R.A., Samuel Convene,
R.A., E. I. Ward, R.A., A. Einiere, A.K.A., W. E.
Frost, A.R.A., Henry Weeeeee, A.R.A., W. Boxall,
A.R.A., Augustus Egg, A . R. A., J. C. Iloasley, Alt A.,
Mr. Aldertneei Spiere, of Oxford, Gee. Landseer,
Jacob Bell, Esq.. George Christie, Esq., Henry Graves,
Esq., and H. W. Phillips, E q.
Atter the customary loyal and patriotic toasts had
been dieposed of,
Tee CHAIRMAN proposed " Prosperity to the Artists'
General Beeevolent Institution," and in doing sothe
noble lord briefly traced the progress of the society from
its foundation in 1314—the nemes of Turner and
Chantrey being amongst those of its founders. It was
now in the 41st year of its existence, wet did not owe
its foundation to the munificence or desire for posthu-
mous fame of any individual, but to the generosity of
members of the artistic professions. This society stood
without a rival. There v.-as, indeed, another society
well designed, and well conducted, and somewhat simi-
ler in came to this, but the two societies were essentially
different. Ha was informed that the other society to
which he alluded was in the nature of a benefit
society, arid according to its principle justly limited to
its subscribers, whereas the Artists' Institution required
no qualifications on the part of applicants for its assist-
ance except those of artistic merit and professional exi-
gency ; so that the two inttitutions were not competi-
tive. Anxious to see what progress the Artists Insti-
tion hail made since its foundation he had procured a
return of the amount of capital possessed by the society
at different periods of its existence, and fouud that in
1820 the funds of the institution amounted to 2,6001. ;
in 1830, 6.3001. ; in 1840, 12,1001. ; in 1350, 13,600. ;
and ie 1355, 17,3001. (Cheers.) Now that state of
things was peculiarly gratifying, for while on the one
hand the institution had no desire to accumulate capi-
tal, on the other it did not wish to be living from
" hand to mouth," It was quits right to insure
the society against the consequences of casualties,
and in that view the steady increase of the funds was
very satisfactory. From the foundation of the society
up to the present time, the institution had relieved
1,547 cases, and given away nearly 18,0001. The
balance between that sum and the 35,0001., which they
had received since the foundation of the society, had
been applied to making permanent provision for the
carrying out of the objects for which the institution had
been established. Their expenditure in last year
amounted to 1,4311. 125., and this included printing and
salary charges, and expenses connected with the annual
dinner ; but exclusive of these latter expenses, the ex-
penditure fell short of 7 per cent, on the funds of the
society. The society was worked very economically—
(hear)—they kept up no establishment—not even a
house ; and the council met in a room hired for the pur-
pose. Having looked into the subject, he felt justified
in saying that their operations were carried on with the
utmost degree of economy consistent with the interests
of the institution. As a general rule, public benevolent
institutions, in the published accounts of the proceed-
ing, announced the names of persons whom they re-
lieved. Now, that was a wholesome practice, inat-
much as it enabled the public to see that such societies
honestly discharged their responsibilities to the
public ; but in cases like those relieved by the
Aitlets' Insttution, privacy was essential to the main-
tenance of the self-respect of the recipients of the society's
bounty ; and in not publishing the names of those whom
they relieved, the Artists' Institution sacrificed the lesser
in order to obtain the greater allvantage. He thought
the society had framed a wise rule in laying down the re-
gulation which defined the qualifications for recipients of
relief. One of the conditions was professional exigency.
They did not, zor they could not, attempt to assist par-
ties whose distress was the result of trade speculations.
Their abject was to save artists from distress ; not neces-
sarily Irons distress of every kind, but merely from such
distresses as were incidental to them in their capacity as
artists. As to the second qualification, that the recipients
should be prtiets of merit—artists wboxe works had, at
least to some extent, received public approval—an extract
which he had a few days before read, from the "Census
of the United teingdotn," proved that condition to be ne-
cessary. The passage to which he referred stated that
there were in the United Kingdom about 5,500 persons
who had returned themselves as following the profes-
sloe of artists. Now, this number must assuredly em-
brace very many whose intellectual or professional at-
tainments did not stand very high. He had not heard of
any instances in which parties relieved by this society
had dere what persons who had received assistance from
the Literary Feed had—namely, conic forward and an-
nounced their names--but he had heard of very many
instances in which recipients of the bounty of the Ar-
tists' Institution had at a later period been able and
willing to pay back, in the form of subscriptions to the
society, the money which they themselves had • received
by way of assistance from the society's funds. (Cheers.)
He had referred to the chiet facts connected with the
history of the institution, and now, perhaps, they would
allow him to examine u few of the objections which
might be urged against it. Some persons might ask,
" What need is there for such an institution ? What
security have you that, by tempting men into profes-
sions for which they are wholly unfit, you do not
create more distress than the society relieves ?" Though
such criticism would not, as he believed, bear the test of
examination, still it should not be disniissed lightly, or 1,
as unfeeling. There could he ne doubt that there was
touch injudicious benevolence in England, and much
money was thrown away in a manner to do more harm
than good. (Hear.) They, therefore, ought to see, wed
they were bound to show, that the purposes of an insti-
tution, as well as the method of administering its funds,
were such as would stand the test of reason and exami-
nation. (Cheers.) If they believed that an institution
possessed important and beneficial qualifications, they
were bound to explain to those from whom they sought
assistance why they thought so. Now, if they looked
at. the whole range of intellectual ocoupations, they
would find that they divided themselves into two classes
those in which the means of subsistence was certain,
and those in which they were uncertain. In the first
class was included the civil and military professions, all
salaried appointments, and all occupations in which men
traded upon capital of their o wee In this class aid was
but rarely wanted, and individual charity was generally
suffieient to meet any distress which might arise. In the
second class he put what he called the open professions
—law, medicine, engineering, architecture, literature
and art, in which no amount of merit or talent would
insure success without they happened to attract the
attention of the public, or were :misted by favour.
(Hear.) No man knew, upon entering on an open pro-
fession, that he might not find it overstocked, and
though superior energy and ability would make its way
over the heads of others, yet in that hard. and doubtful
struggle there Were many men who failed through self-
distrust, from ill-health, from the accident of remaining
unnoticed, and a hundred other causes, besides intellec-
tual incapacity for the profession they had chosen.
(Hear, hear.) Ho was in conversation a short time since
with a gentleman Who had had long experience as a
teacher at one of the universities relative to the comps-
tition for civil service appointments, and he happened
to say that the prizes. were too small for men of talent
to compete for them. Upon this the gentleman to
whom he had alluded replied, " Don'te believe that.
Many a man who has risen to the highest posts which
bleat can attain would have been glad, on entering
life, to exchange all their splendid prospects for the
smallest certainty that would insure him a living."
(Hear.) He mentioned this to show how hard uncer-
tainty and anxiety pressed on the exertions of all men,
and that temporary want and difficulty was perfectly
compatible with the possession of talents which were
cure ultimately to command success. (Cheers.) Hitherto
he had treated all open professions alike ; but there was THE DRUNKARD BESIDE HIS WIFE's COFFIN.—Look
a wide distinction between them. Men entered some at yonder desolate little room, at the end of a dreary
professions—the law, for instance—not out of any ale court : a funeral will go out from it in the morning
street liking of ii, bat because of the opportunities it Enter this evening ! all is silent, and a small candle on
offered to success, and whilst they had no peculiar re- the mantle-piece sheds a dull flickering light on a coffin,
pugnance to it, they bad, on the other hand, no aspire- the lid not yet screwed down :—besale it, sits, morally,
tions for any particular profession. With literature and a murderer : his bloated face is hid in his shaking hands :
art, however, the case was different. The inducements he has not yet ventured to move aside the coffin-lid ;
to enter these professions were internal and personal, not but, at length, he dares to do so, and to take a last look
external and worldly. (Cheers.) It was true that there at his poor victim—his broken-hearted wife ! Poor,
had been authors and artists who had amassed fortunes; poor soul ! Thou art gone at local Gene where the
but the prospect of wealth never yet made a man an au• wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest.
thor or an artist. (Cheers.) Those who devoted them- " 'Tis a happy release," say the friendly neighbours who
selves to imaginative composition—whether they de- have contributed their little means,' to lay her decently
pitted it by the pencil or the pen—did so, in obedience, in her coffin I Aye, besotted husband ! let your blood-
not to suggestions from the outer world, but to a law of shot eyes look now on that white face, that wreck of a
organisation, to disobey which would be to forfeit kappa face so sweet and pretty when you married ! Nay, man,
ness. (Cheers.) That impulse was altogether irrespective never fear ! The eyes are closed for ever, and will weep,
of commercial principles or the laws of demand and and look mournfully at you, no more. Dare you touch
supply, and it therefore followed that, in such profes- those limbs, which the woman who laid them out said,
signs, elewaverage of unsuccessful talent would be greater with a sigh, were mere skin and hone ? Dare you take
than in any other. (dear, hear.) Further than this, hold of that cold hand ? Do you see the wedding
the faculties called into play by the higher grades of ring, and think of the day you put it on her finger !
literature or artistic merit. were, in most persons, in- Will yea remove it, or let it be buried as the
capable of that sustained and unremitted labour which badge of your breach of plighted troth, at God's
other organisations could without inconvenience endure. altar ! Do you see chow ,her finger is Worn with the
(Cheers.) Reason, dry intellect, they might command needle ? During the day, during the night, this poor
at will—unless, indeed, the physical health were die- starved, heart-broken creature was your willing slave,
organised ; but the vivid perception of beauty, the crew with wearied eyes, and aching heart,—mending your
tive faculty, the ability to reproduce on paper or can- linen, and that of your peer children—(do you hear their
vas what was felt or seen, bad been placed by nature little sobs in the next room ?) and what was left of her
less under the control of the individual ; and too often, owe, which, alas, poor soul ! were nearly rags after all !
in the sphere of action of those faculties, the workman Look again, man, at the sad figure in -the coffin ? Do
had but one choice—either to suspend for a time his you see the scar on that cheek ? Look, and tremble !
efforts to produce, or consciously to execute work be- Save you forgotten the blow that -caused it ! given by
neath his ordinary powers. (Cheers.) Bearing in mind, your band of drunken and ruffian violence ? Yet she
then, that all open professions are uncertain in their never reproached you ! And when, at length, worn
results—that all were more or less overstocked—that away with misery, starvation, and ill•usege, she was
the profession of an artist was being constantly entered forced to give up the struggle for life, her last—her very
by those who felt an inclination to it, without reference last act, was gently and in silence to squeeze your un-
to their chances of success or support, and that vo!un- worthy hand Perhaps remorse is now wringing your
tary intermissions from labour must occur even in the heart • and you groan—
case of' the most successful—bearing in mind all these " 0, if she would but come again,
circumstances, he thought they were justified in making I think I'd grieve her so no more I"
a special provaien against the casualties to which artists —But no ! she will retie to you •no more, on earth :
were liable. Tent was the purpose of this institution, yet, you Shan meet again ! So, man 1 close
and, if he had shown the object to be good, and that it was the coffin lid I Go to bed and sleep, sleep if you can.
efficiently carried out, he had proved his case that it was The funeral is in the morning, and you must follow the
especially worthy of their support and assistance. (Cheers.) poor wasted body close past your firecurite dram shop,—
In conclusion, the noble lord announced that the Earl of Mr. • Warren,' 04 Labour'.

in the course of which he made several obset vations, sho w-
jog great acquaintance with, and interest h 1, the subject,
declared that the question should receive the earnest consi-
deration of the Government, and the deputst ion withdrew.

MURDER AT QUARRY-BA 7, NEAR

STOURBRIDGE.

A dreadful affair took place at Quarry-bank, in the neigh-
bourhood of Brierley-hill, on the evening of Sunday last.
A man named David Taylor, a nailer, 21 years of age, met
wills his death under circumstances which threaten to lead
to the mo=t serious consequences—three men, father and
s..as, being now in custody on a charge of committing the
murder. The names of the prisoners are Josiah Chivers,
aged 59, and Joseph Chivers, aged 30, and Josiah Chivers,
aged 20, the two sons of the first-mentioned. The elder
Chivers was a watchman in the service of the New British
Iron Company, at Cradley-heath ; his eon Joseph was a
collier, and his ton Josiah was also a collier, iu the em-
ployment of the same cowpony. Joseph Chivers is mar-
ried, and resided near the scene of the catastrophe, and it
would appear that on Sunday last, his wife having re-
cently been confined with her fourth child, his father and
brother (Josiah and Josiah, jun.), who resided. at Rowley,
paid him a visit with a view to celebrate the eveet. They
arrived in a light spring cart, which, after unharnessing
the horse, they placed near the door of Joseph Chivei's re-
sidence. At about 12 o'clock at night some person took
the liberty of removing the cart, and then running it
against the howl-door, when the Chivt.rsers left the house
and a quarrel commenced. A person named 'Joseph Mor-
rie, a forgeman in the service of Messrs. Swindell, at Crag-
ley-heath, was going home at the time with his wife and
daughter. On striving near to the New Inn, Quarry
Bank, he heard a scuffle, and saw Joseph Chivers, whom
he heard charging four or five young men with running
the cart against his door, and thereupon be (Joseph
Chivas) laid hold of one by the collar and threatened him.
A general fight ensued, in the course of which the two
Josiah Chivorses went up. Some women went up at the
same moment, and exclaimed to the two young prisoners,
"D
—n go' nra some more." The three prisoners then
followed the party of young men, among whom the map
Mortis saw the deceased David Taylor, and in a moment
afterwards he (Morris) saw Joseph Chivers tun at Taylor,
(the deceased) and knock him down. Joseph Chivers fell
upon the deceased, and remained upon him fcr four or five
minutes, exclaiming, while upon him, " D—n him, I'll
murder him." Morris saw Joseph Chivers strike the de-
ceased while the fermer was upon him, but he could mot
see whether there was anything in his hand. The deceased
crid " Murder," when Joseph Chivers, immediately after
getting up from him, said, "I'll stop the b-- hooting
murder.' Joseph Chivers then walked up the road to•
wards his own house with the women and the two other
prisoners. The man Morris did net see any one strike the
deceased but Joseph Chivers; but he said the two other
Chiverses were running about the road while the scene just
described was going on. Strange to say, nobody took any
notice of the deceased, who was left lying upon the ground.
Bat about four o'clock on Monday morning a person saw
police-constable Millington on, duty, and told him that he
had found a man who had been murdered lying in the
middle of the turnpike-road in the locality referred to,
and over whew he had like to have stumbled. Millington
went to the spot described, which is about a mile and a
half from Brierlephill. He there found the murdered
man.

- -
ing to him a memorial front the Literary Association of
the Friends of Poland.
The Marquis of BnEnDALBINE, iu introducing the de•
potation, observed that be and the. gentlemen who ac-
eonipanied hint had waited on Lord Palmerston in behalf
of a society which was established soon after the concin-
sion of the Polish war of independence in 18.10-31, and
hal since been occupied is diffueing information respect-
ing Pelee!:', with a view to strengthen the interest felt for
her by the English people, and io alleviating the miefor-
tunes of the Polish exiles who, after that war, were coin-
pelled to seek an asylum on our shores ; a fUciety which
always considered that it was its duty, whenever an op-
portunity offered for effecting any amelioration in the
condition of that unfortunate country, t urge upon she
Parliament and the Government the propriety of oot
allowing it te escape. Actuated by these motives, they
ventured to submit to his lordship a memorial, which
was es follows .
" To THE RIGHT HON. VISCOUNT PALMEP.STON, H.P.,
FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY.
" My Lord,—Yenr memorialists, induced by the vary
critical circumstances of the times, and by the importance
of the groat diplomatic meeting now assembled in Paris,
have ventured to approach you with an expression of their
feelings with respect to the cause they have long advocated
in common with some of your lordship's colleagues.
r,,, They aro emboldened to do so by the consideration
that a groundwork exists on which to take their stand, in
the fact of the cause of Poland having been pleaded by aßri-
tien Minister—and not by him alone—at the Congress of
Vienna as the first and most urgent want of Europe ; that
the stipulations then consented to, however ill they may
have been fulfilled, still remain binding on Russia, and
that the signature of the British Plenipotentiary of 1815
remains for ever indelibly affixed to that treaty, which has
been notoriously and scandously violated by the Power
whom our.successes have, at last, enabled us to bring to
account.
"It is our firm trust that her Majesty's present Govern-
ment, traditionally bound to the support of liberal princi-
ples at home and abroad, and in that faith earnestly backed
by the country, now identified with the party that has un-
flinchingly maintained those principles through various for-
tunes for a century and a-half, will never willingly recede
in the least from the jest and once formally admitted de-
mands of a Tory Ministry in favour of Poland.
" However neglected in the interim, the obligation of
Russia towards Europe in favour of Poland are, still, law-
fully in force, and the strength of public opinion in behalf
of Poland has increased a hundredfold since those obliga-
tions wore first incurred and will increase with enlarged
knowledge of the subject and conviction of the justice of
its cause.
" If in 1831, when Russia was strong, there were reasons,
rather prudential than well-founded, which deterred former
and weaker Ministries from pressing the claims of Poland,
these claims ought now to be doubly enforced on her under
the altered circumstances of Russia and the bolder action
of our Government.
" Let the treaty of peace impending be what it may as to
its immediate and more urgent provisions, the foundations
on which it is to rest and is expected to last—if is not to
be a mere repetition of the Peace of Amiens—must stand
on their own merits as to the balance of power in Europe,
which may reasonably be supposed its object. But as long
as the question of Poland remains unsettled, so long the
weak point of Enropean stability remains whereit was, and
the balance of power is, as it were, out of eqnlibrium.
And this because Russia, though in this war she may have
been severely wounded, has, as yet, suffered no sufficient
material or permanent injury to impair her territorial and
political position of predominance towards Europe, which
will not be altered so long as she maintains her present hold
of Poland.
" So long, therefore, as this point remains unprovided
for, airy treaty of peace to be concluded with Russia on such
imperfect gronndn must necessarily remain pro tartto an
incomplete and inefficient security for the liberties and the
tranquillity of Europe.
" If, as it seems to be put forward, the allies are acting
in the name, and on the behalf, of Turkey, which implies,
ef course, a determination to require of the enemy all that
Turkey has a right to require, and would require, on her
own part, had she by herself the strength of the allies.
" If, at the same time, the allies are acting with a view
to the future security oiEurope, they ought equally to ex-
act all that Europe has a right to require for that purpose
from Russia.
" Now Poland is at once the natural ally of Turkey
against Russia, and at the same time, the geographical
bulwark ef Europe spinet Russia ; her reinstatement,
therefore, in strength and indope idence must be a great
political object from either point of view.
" If, then, the allies, victor ions, are in a position to re-
quire from Russia all that is both due and expedient, not
only to Turkey, but to Europe, and fail to do so, the
enemy comes out of the quarrel rather the gainer than
otherwise, for a mere delay of 10 or 15 years is a trifle to
one who bides her time.
" Should the negotiations be concluded upon terms below
what Europe has a right to expect will be efficient for
curbing Russia, the result will be to induce that Power
to raise her pretensions. She would thus be proclaimed to
the world as being, single-handed, a match for all Europe,
or, at least, for so much of Europe as the influence of
the allies would prevail on to act cordially against her.
And this success, it must be remembered, will be doubly
flattering te a nation who have a superstitious faith in their
own obstinate powers ef resistance, in which they consider
themselves superior to the whole world when armed is the
cause of Holy Russia.
" But even in the narrowest view of the interests of
Turkey, it is impossible to overlook the importance of
Poland as her neighbour either for good or evil. Accord-
ing to the rule under which she may governed, she may be
Turkey's and Europe's greatest friend, or compulsorily
made to act as their greatest enemy.
" We are far from wishing to anticipate that Govern-
ment will be under the necessity of following a line not
exactly what it might have chosen, although peculiar cir-
cumstances may exist of which it is the only judge. But
as being many of us brought up in the almost religious be-
lief,_which the spirit of the last war called forth, that Eng-
land was the first country in the world, and, as such, was
equal to the duties and responsibilities of that position, it
is daily more disheartening to find her ;considered only as
among four or five of equal pretensions.
" Suck as she was in 1815, when she led the way to a
peace which bore far more severely upon the illegitimate
gains of the then bold disturber ef Europe, than, it is feared,
the peace 'now contemplated will bear against the more
crafty disturber of the present day—such wo desire to see
England again. We hope to see her with increased power,
experience, talent, and liberality, really effecting the good
now which she failed to do then, and turning the provi-
dential opportunity that has occurred to the best account
for stripping Risen), of at least of some of her conquests.
" Among these that of Pelend is the most flagrant.
Poland, as early a free and constitutional country as Eng-
land herself, a still earlier promoter of religious toleration,
and the earliest emancipator of the Jews ; Poland, lastly,
and not least, almost the only modern example of a conti-
nental nation long and consistently striving after a free-
dom based on old constitutional foundations, and not on
theoretical or violent revolutions.
ses" By supporting Poland in any way, or to any degree,
W 9 should wipe off the standing reproach of the last peace,
which still clings to the name of England among the nations
who complain that she deserted their interests, after
having made use of the credit of their cause.
" It is only necessary to name Sicily, Saxony, and with
Saxony Poland. We should revive the best of supports
in a war of principle (which any war in the present age is
likely to be, at its ending, if not at its beginning), the
support of the people, whilst immortal honour would ac-
company the name of the Minister who should have aided
in the restoration of Poland.
"It is en these many and important accounts that we
humbly submit to your lordship the earnest desire and
hope which we entertain iu common. We believe, with
the majority of our countrymen, that, at the Conferences
at Paris, some special instruction may be given te her
Majesty's Plenipotentiaries not to let the negotiations con-
clude without taking into consideration the situation and
claims of Poland, with a view to the introduction of some
positive stipulation in her favour in any treaty of peace
to be signed with Russia.
" On behalf of the Council of the Literary Association of
the friends of Poland,
(Signed) " BREAD.eLBSNE, President.
" WM. LLOYD BIRKBIICK, Hon. Soc.
" 11th March, 1856."
After the Marquis of BREIDALBANE had finished read-
ing the memorial,
Mr. BEALEC said that, although the deputation nomi-
nally only represented the Literary Association of the
Friends of Poland, he believed that they did, in fact,repre-
sent a very strong and general feeling existing in the coun-
try of regretthat the war should be terminated without any
benefit to Poland, mingled with a deep and settled convic-
tion that peace could never be established upon a sure and
permanent basis without Poland being restored to the posi-
tion of an independent State, since it was over the ruins of
Poland only that Russia was able to extend her system of
aggression against Turkey and other States. This feeling
might have been evoked by holding public meeting
many earnest friends of the cause being of opinion that
such a course at this particulsi period, and whilst the Con-
ferences were in progress, might have the effect of embar-
rassing the Government, it was thought better, and in this
opinion that venerable statesman Prince Cztrtoryski had
coincided, to press the matter upon his lordship's attention
in the shape of the memorial which had been presened,
and to urge upon him, as Prime Minister, the importance
of the condition of Poland being taken into consideration
at the present Conferences at Paris. If it were not, if
nothing should be now deno to repair the deliberate viela-
tions Ili
of the treaty ef Vienna which had keen committed
by Russia with regard to Poland, then, Greconsat Britain
and
France, parties to that treaty, would be idered,
tion of Polond resolved itself into
nonesfidthereerdetsotohrnave sanctioned those violations. The
jtq.uwilsoetslbytirtcnches, that of the restoration of Poland as eke was
coln77B2ti,tuatnedd thataod eerf
:toe
trreesatotyraoth-f
ti roof Thee firstp apa
ha rkt
ii
et igodne imn
Vienna. The first was what pnre and strict justice re-
quired, but if subsequent events and the conflicting inte-
rests of Austria and Russia should be deemed to render
that too difficult and complex a question to be brought
forward at the present Conference, it was at least the
boono an observationparties. o
stipulations
which
h c b to
hadbounden duty of the representatives of Great Britain and
France to insist upon the observance
t
whichm r. theyß r
txthemselvesßEci
tin
had
reference
fallen from
cow,a
protestLo
against gainaPalmerston,
ttheaun saidexat that, as regardedionhadbse
nniadeCrba;
the English and French Governments ; but that if peace
were concluded without any notice being taken of the
various infractions of the treaty of Vienna committed by
Russia with reference to Poland, the inevitable conclusion
would be, that tie Western Powers had condoned those
infractions. That there would be great danger in this case;
that the Polish nation, considering itself abandoned by
the whole of Europe, would, at length, unite heartily
with Russia. That during the present war considerable
advantages had resulted from the circumstance of, at least,
one-fourth of the Russian army being composed of soldiers
disaffected to the Emperor ; but that if the Conferences
for peace ended, without even an effort being made by the
allies on behalf of the Poles, this advantage would be lost
in any subsequent war, and the Russian empire would be
strengthened and consolidated to a much greater extent by
the peace than it had been weakened by the war.
Lord PALMERSTON, who had listened with much atten-
tion to the memorial and the remarks of the deputation,

PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE.

CIVIL SERVICE SUPERANNUATION.
This committee reassembled on Friday, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer in the chair. The following members
were also present :—Lord Stanley, Mr, Henley, Si H.
Willoughby, Sir S. Northcete, Mr. R. Palmer, Sir F.
Baring, Mr. Ricardo, Mr. Rich, and Mr. Roebuck.
Mr. Stevenson, of the Audit-office, was the first witness
called. He said, with reference to the case of Mr. Mallet,
of that office, which was alluded to by Mr. Bromley at the
last sitting of the committee, that the original award of
Mr. Mallet's superannuation was made on his own volun-
tary offer to retire. Thewitness read a memorandum from
the officers of the Audit-office to the Lords of the Treasury
bespeaking their kind consideration of Mr. Mallet's claim
for the highest scale of retiring pension, on the ground of
his long and valuable services ; also, letters from the Mar-
quis of Lansdowne, the late Mr. Huskisson, and other gen-
tlemen, addressed to Mr. Mullett, all speaking most highly
of his ability as a public servant. The witness next read a
report from Sir F. Baring and Sir A. Spearman, to the Su-
perannuation Committee of the Treasury, recommending
the amount of Mr. Mallet's superannuation to be increased
from 8501. to 8341. The highest amount of superannuation
he would be entitled to was 9161.135. 4d. The usual course
was to deduct 1-sth of the salary. An addition, am•unt-
lag to 4-sths was made to Mr. Mallett's retiring pension,
owing to his long service, which made it 8841. Thisamount
Mr. Mallet complained ef, as not being equal to the pea.
sions given to two other public servants within his own
knowledge, and declined to accept the 8/14/. That letter
was submitted to the Superannuation Committee, who re-
ported on it, and the pension was then restored to the ori-
ginal grant of S5Ol. The retiring pension was made in ac-
cordance with the Treasury minute of 1831.
By Mr. Rich—The recommendations he had read were
treated by the Treasury as public documents.
By the Chairman--Witness was familiar with the case
of Mr. Luttrell, who was a commissioner of the Audit-
office. His retiring was owing to the consolidation of the
stamps and taxes and the excise. That consolidation was
the cause of a large saving to the public. He was allowed
the full amount of retiring pension allowed by the act,
without deduction. If Mr. Luttrell did not voluntarily
retire, the Treasury could not have compelled. him, as he
held his office daring good behaviour.
Sir C. Trevelyan was then recalled, and, in answer to
the chairman, said he wished to submit an explanation of
his former evidence relative to the redundant list. He read
a long written statement on this subject, his evidence OR
this point having been controverted by Mr. Hayter. He
said he had thought that a lave number of civil servants
in the colonies had been placed on the redundant list, but
he found on inquiry that was net so ; they were placed on
the superannuation list.
....
In reply to questions by Sir H. Willoughby and Mr.
Henley, the witness said that in his previous evidence he
did not by any ssmeanntend. the ingle out the Secretary
to the Treasury (Mr. ayter)meant only to speak of
the system of the Treasury and the Government, and net
of individuals.
Mr. Willis, of the Superarinuation Department of the
Treasury, was next examined- —He said he had been seers.
tary to the committee of civil :servants of 1846, alluded te
by Mr. Bromley. The first object of that committee was to
establish an insurance fund for the widows and orphans of
deceased civil servants, but tlroy abandoned that idea on
the ground of the clerks being unable to contribute from
their salaries sufficient to form an insurance fund. He
held that the civil servants had : va ignitable claim t )at the
deductions should have been fO, 7med into a fund, and in-
vested by the Government. He had made a calculation of
the amount of deductions for as. iriea of years. From 1829
to 1851, Parliamentary returns s Sowed the amount of de-
ductions, and he found that, bet ween those salaries which
were liable to deductions of 5 pc lr cent. and 23. per cent.,
they amounted to about 94,0001. , a-year, or ebaut an ave-
rage of 4 per cent. The committee next considered the
question as to what age civil Bey rants ought te retire on a
pension. The average age was c reasidered to be 57, but the
committee thought the age might. be extended to 63. There
were 16,000 persons in the civil. service, and he believed
those persons entering the services at the age of 25 gave an
average service of 40 years—that -was till they reached the
age of 65. He included the coast guard in the 16,000. He
took 65 as the average age of re'W,ring on pensions, but of
course cases would occur both be fore and after that period.
The annual amount of dedncti one under the system be
should recommend would be about 100,0001. a-year, and the
amount paid in pensions would be, about 200,0001. His rea-
son for wishing the Government i so fund the deductions was
that the payers of the deductions -would be thereby able to
see the amount they paid and thee amount for charges : the
advantage of that plan would be. derived, not by Go-
vernment, but by the civil serval its. The witness next en-
tered into an qxplanation of a c alculation he had made re-
lative to insurances. He believ red that though there were
numerous applicants for offices i.O the civil service, yet a
large number left after being s ppointed, which he con-
sidered was principally owing -to the deductions. He
believed he represented the feefieigs of the civil servants as
to their grievances ; but, with n3spect to the remedy, there
was considerable division amen g the civil servants. The
committee with whom witness re3ted proposed to enforce a
deduction of 2,i per cent. from the salaries, which thecivil
servants should be empowered to leave by will to whomso.
ever they wished. He believed the civil servants generally
would prefer to see Their solaria.; free of deductions, with
the exception of the 2i per cont. he had just named.
After hearing some further evidence on this point,
The committee adjourned till the 2d of April.