The Sun.
London, England, 1856-07-18 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 18, 1856.

Its capital is nominally 1,000,0*,; of this 500,0001.
is subscribed, and of this last 270,0001. is paid up. The
reserved profits are 152,030/...a.nd they are about to add a
banns to their shares by paying up calls to the amount of
125,t1)01., thus cinverting the -VV,0991. capital into
375,000/.—leaving a reserve of about 28,0004 to commence
new. accumulations—for, though' they have made and are
making large profits, they limit tlniir dividends to 10 per
cent., preferring to divi,le extra profits in the way I have
pointed out. I believe the Colonial Brink of Australasia
will be equally successful, and I eaten think there is room
for another local bank, for our -;yanking establishments
hive certainly not kept pace with-the increased resources
and trade of the colony since 1851,
. .

Another very useful-institution trot long since established
is the Melbourne Underwriters'.-Association—a sort of
local " Lloyds." There are several offices in Melbourne
for all sorts of risks—shipping; fire, lives ; but the new
institution, like Lloyds, is camoosed- of some of our most
respectable merchants, who " take a line," as the phrase
is, and are only responsible for the sums set opposite to
their respective nato::.s.
This goes by the Earl of Sefton, wt a very fast sailer.
The Oliver Lang will sail on, the 30th-inst., and the Royal
Charlie on the 23d of May. There is a probability that
the mail by the latter will he delivered in London before
even this roaches you. The irregularity and uncer-
tainty of the mails have induced me to repeat the
information as to the'state of our gold production and ex-
ports by several 811444 under the imprecision that such facts
as ram able to transmit aro of consid,rable importance to
the Statesman as well as the merchant.

ROYAL AG.RICULTURAI, SOCIETY OF

ENGLAN D.

CHELMS'FOREtatittrEpaY NIGHT.
Fine weather and the redUeticili of the priceioridniii-
sion to the show yard from 75. 6d. to 2s. 6d. had the effect
of bringing in an immense number of visitors, many thou-
sands of people having to-day come up by the Eastern
Counties Railway, by which yesterday only about 1,200
passengers were brotsght from London.
In consequence of this the exhibition ground presented
throughout the day a most animated appearance, imple-
ments, cattle, and poultry commanding attention alike,
though probably it was the last-named which was the
great centre of attraction to the ladies, who formed a very
largo proportion of the visitors. There was nothing in the
exhibition itself to call for special notice beyond what has
already been observed.
The dinner came off this afternoon in a spacious and ele-
gant pavilion erected at the entrance of the implement
yard, and was attended by 1,000 persons, among whom
were Mr. Brarnston, 31. P., Sir J. Tyrell, Bart.' M.P., M.
Bunsen, Professor Wrav, Baron de Cotta, Sir W. B.
Smith, M.P., C. B. Colville, Bee., M.P., M. Borrier, Lord
Berners, Col. Clialloner, Mr. Raikes Currie, Mr.
Philip Gurdon, Lord Lilford, H. Bruce, Esq., J. C. Cob-
bold, M.P.' Lord Buricigh, Lord Bateman, M. de G.
.I'Eclepeos, Sir J. Yarde Buller; Sir Edward lierrison,
M.P., Mr. Fe Buller, Colonel Fitzroy, M. P. Fran al.
Wertenn; Sir J. ii. Maxwell, Mn Wells, high sheriff of
the County ; de '"fillers de Vito (from the Netherlands),
Mons. Dutrono (Amiens), M. St. Marie (Inspector-General
of the French Government), Count de berg olay, M. de
Trehonnais, Baron Ileustch (Brussels), Earl eashefflem,ag.
Eugene Genesee (France), Earl a Fevereham, Lord Port-
man, Marquis de Vogne,(Aubigney), Lord Waleingham,
Coadt do 13ottille Coutit itry, Count Matnoyski (Poland),
Malerziene (ireuce), Professor Henslow, M. Eugene
Tissarand (France), Pd. miter (Petit Bourg), M. Raff
(Consul-General, Switzerland), Hon. 111. Attley, Hon.
Dulley,Rydere Flake of Richmond, Mr. Evelyn Denison,'
M.P., Sir J. 1 AXtlll, M.P., Rev. C. T. James, Mr. A.
Helmond, Mr. 11. Foley, M.P., Mr. D Waddington, M.P.,
Mr. Langton, 3.t.P., &l': . - , •
Lora Poi =ti Presued, and the Duke of Richuionti vas
vice-chairman.
After the usual loyal toasts,
Mr. EvELYN DENISON gave that of "Agricultural So-
cieties at home and abroad:' Agriatitttire, he said, was
the most ineporta.nt and the moss; honourable of bid tistries.
This: year hail witheked .ilio gisat tnieetingat Paris—a
meeting eitirtitY Of the natidO sun of the.fieveteigth *lin in-
augurated it. The Royal Agricultural Society of England
had uo intention of limiting that exhibition, with the re-
sources of an empire, for theirs was only& rustic show, and
they only sought to rival their own neighbours. (Hear,
hear.) 11,9 antiet sat, hoieeeets; tliat tiOeSes omadefi-
cietety frencti Exhibition. Ne horses had betsti est--
hibited there; and if they had been included there might
have been an interchange of breed profitable to the two
nations, With regard to the exhibition, it was deficient in
English agricultural produce. For instance." there was
only brie 6,1160,et that sins cal`ed iiedierloar* although
it the'e made in ElCotlanit A neiglUbotilo of hie th(Mglit
that palo ale might show very well by the side of rosy
wire. (Hear, hear.) To France, Belgium, and Switzer-
land they wi tiled success, as they did to all, for the aim of
this society was to give abundapceto man; and to supply
the triiti flteihigth Of sit'hisinsh
M. tlif..EO:ets, who was received with cordial cheers, re-
sponded, though, as he sail, he was a Frenchman, and
feared his half language would not be well, understood by
them if ho attempted to expressliis feeliege. He hoped
they would all go to Prance twit year; entlebliettlie, and his
friehA tito reyllf to the or Efigieride‘
to whiteth he now &Mile success and prosperity. (Cheers.)
M. DE TREHONNA IS gave "The Royal Agricultural
Society of England," a subject which, he said, partook
very much of that spirit of hospitality which distinguished
the British agriculturist, and told of a bond of union,
knotted upon fields of battle; which had joined them to-
gether, it spas to be hoped, for ever. The society was
called royal, and truly it wee ee; enrolling among its names
the best and noblest of the land • encouraging the indnstri-
ons, directing the inquirer, andadopting as its emblem
that sign of civili3atien, the plough, and as its device
" Science with practice." Its meetings, hoWeVer, Were not.
in royal palaces, where the floors were so slippery, but they
were under those sheds amid the green Essex fields. En-
gineering skill had sent to its leVee machines the most useful
that the inventive skill of mat} had ever created ; and no-
where could a body of men be found more Worth than he
saw in that assembly. One thing which entitled the so-
ciety
to the gratitude of the world was, that it had brought
out the hidden wealth of English agriculture, iu men and
things ; and there were thousands of men who owed their
livelihood to the improvements which it had introduced,
and which had been thought worthy of adoption by the
world. (Loud cheers.)
Lord WALSINGH iM gave "The President of the So-
ciety," a nobleman who was an enlightened agriculturist,
and had often neen a successful exhibitor.
The CHAIRMAN, in acknowleging the toast, thanked his
brother farmers, who had 'placed him a second time in
that high position. They had formerly sent him to the
south; he came from the west, and knew something of the
east; and he had been all his life, endeavouring to learn
what he could everywhere, and when it was good to prac-
tise it. They had this year a good exhibition—good imple-
ments, good cattle, and a good exhibition of company in
that room—an exhibition altogether which they were not
ashamed to show to the whole world. (Cheers.) Let them
compare the ploughs used now with those used 50 years
ago, of which he had seen ono at work with six horses and
six men, and let them mark the improvements in modern
ploughs. (Hear, hear.) That week they had seen a great
experiment with the steam-plough—which had not, per-
haps, fully succeeded, but it was on the way to success.
Lot them look at the improvements which had taken
place within 5 / years iu sowing, reaping, preparing their
produce for market, and manuring, and they would say
that agriculture in England had advanced wonderfully.
(Hear, hear.) So it was also with draining. He knew a
field in which he had seen women making hay in pattens,
and now, by a triumph of science, that /and was well
drained and dry. (Hear, hear.) Then as to another point.
He was old enough to remember the first crop of Swedes
transported from a garden to a field, anti now Swedes were
giving way to mangei-wurtzel in the rotation of crops.
(Hear, hear.) The man who best knew how to farm now-
adays was he who applied knowledge and science,. and no
man could farm successfully without knowing tempera-
ture, soil, and season. (Hear, hear.) These were the
matters which the society for eighteen years had gone
through, endeavouring to lead the farmer to improve the
cultivation of the soil by competitive exhibitions of stock
and implements. And whatever could be made known
for the good of the farmer this society had pub•
lished in their journal ; they hod provided knowledge of
chemistry, veterinary exparionee for the diseases of cattle,
and they saw no horizon before them at which they would
ever stop, until they had, as nearly as possible, arrived at
perfection. (Cheers.)
Sir J. PAxesON gave the health of "the Distinguished
Foreigners present." He said that before the existence of
that society, seventeen years ago, it was exceedingly diffi-
cult for agriculturists to obtain the knowledge necessary
for the successful pursuit of agriculture, but now every-
thing was made public for their benefit. He could re-
member the famous Irish pig, which strongly resembled
made.
happy
se e
them regard
present,
r t
eos
etnhte,
the Scotch greyhound. (Laughter.) Great improvements
upon that animal had beeneii
was
distinguished foreigners, he
and he hoped they would SO it would be to the advan-
tage of their respective countrymen not only to establish
agricultural clubs, but to bring their produce here. (Rear,
hear.) He hail heard it observed that this society did not
offer many prizes to foreigners, but it must be remembered
that the society was only royal in name, not in the amount
of its revenues, and that Prince Albert was only known
among its members as an exhibitor. (Rear, hear.) They
had had some very fine animals from France, and among
them those beautiful white Charolais, the equals of which
had not been seen in this country for 0118 hundred years.
The Marquis de VOGUE rose to respond, amidst enthu-
siastic cheers. He sail he spoke very bad English (though,
in fact, he spoke remarkably well for a foreigner, but that
he spoke with a true French heart. He, with others, had
been sent to England to see more of that agricultural pro-
duce of which such magnificent specimens were sent to the
Paris meeting, and to obtain a knowledge of the mode by
which that English success was achieved. In England, ca-
pital was abundant, and that was the secret of English
success—but in Franco it was not so ; and, besides, in
France, it was rather lazy. (Laughter.) He spoke of ca-
pital, and not of men, in France ; for her soldiers and her
labourers were the same men ; and as they had done great
things by the side of Englishmen in the field of battle, as
they would do great things united in the field of peace—
by digging, and ploughing, and subsoiling. They would
thus attempt, by industry and capital to repeal the dismal
threats of misery and destitution. (Cheers.) No longer,
ho hoped, would the people of the two countries have to
fight side by side, but labour side by side, and secure the
triumphant march of peace and plenty. (Cheers.) He
could not forget how lately, when the lands of France were
inundated, and her cattle were eating mud, the Queen
of England . came to her assistance, and so did the
people of England—such tokens of sympathy could never
be lost, and he was happy to say the people of the two na-
tions were friends, and he hoped they would long continue
so for the peace of Europa and the happiness of mankind.
(Loud cheers.) He should be happy to say at home that
England was once the land of luxuriant crops, well-paid
labour, and c Institutional liberty—(applause)—and was
also the land of hospitality to strangers. (Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN gave " The Town of Chelmsford and the
Local Committee."
r. .I,:esee, see, :itrti)., osois—' cougratuletieg the
society that they had now for the first time not only foreign
stock, but foreign proprietors and foreignfarmers. (Hear.)
The CHAIRMAN gave "- Agriculture, Manufactures, and.
Cenamerce," He paid than as the toot was rather a dry

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