The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-08 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING; DECEMBER 8, 1856.

PUBLICATIONS.

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vole ,

MRS. GORE'S NEW NOVEL,
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- -

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The Second Edition, just published, price 55., by post free, ss. 6d.,
STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA.
THE PATHOLOGY AND RATIONAL TREATMENT of
STRICTURE of the URETHRA, in all its Varieties and Compli-
cations, with Observations on the Use and Abuse of Instruments in
the Treatment of Diseases of *the Urethra. The whole Illustrated
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TO LOVERS of FlSH.—Fifth Season.—
Genuine YARMOUTH BLOATERS. These highly
esteemed delicacies forwarded to all parts, on receipt of the amount,
as under, in penny postage stamps, or Post-office order :-
100 prime
100
so especially selected Sc. 4d. trackage included.
ditto ,
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dress, THOMAS Li TIES, Jun., Fish Curer, Great Yarmouth.

IDDLESEX rnisoNs.—To Bakers, But-
net's; Mealtnen; Often, Grocers, Brushmakers, Leather.
sellers, Woollendrapers; Soapbbilers, and Others.
WANTED; at. the Muse of Correction, at Coldbath-fields and
Wesiiiiiitetti', and at the House of Detention at Clerkenwell, SUP-
i'l.iS of the undermentioned ARTICLES, for six calendar months
from Christmas next, viz. about 19 eiirt: of Bread daily, iu loaves
of various weights; ftbod OX hoer without bone, consisting of Clods
and stielings; OX Head's, weighing on an average 23 lbs. each;
mation, consisting Of breasts, necks, and ribs ; Molasses, Sugar, Rice,
Potatoes, Scotch Barley, Odineal, Salt, Soap, Oils, Loather, Linen-
drapCty, and Woollen Cloth.
Itrscins willing to contract may see patterns and samples, according
tO which the tenders are 'to be made, and Okain the necessary
forms of tender, upon application at either of the said Houses of
Correction.
Sealed tenders are to be delivered before half-past 10 o'clock
en FitiDAY, the 12th instant, At the Sessions House, Clerkenwell-
green ; and the persona tendert*, or sane anth6rlied agent, must
attw 01Ireos'
o'clock
kible sureties. The Visiting Jus-
tices
precisely on that day, with the
do not bind themselves to accept the loWest, or any of the ten-
Dated this Ist day of December,- IWt
nbearii iii
es atln a
addresses there
of

CHAS. WRIGHT,
CHAS. P. ALLEN; / Clerks.
3

h
Ai!,oi•iiirbiluEs' HALL. Names of gentlemen w
passed their examination the science andr---Ltiv-Tvice-
medic-- • • of
,At-, and rOoetvea certificates to practise, on Thurs-
day,
Dec, 4, 1856,:—fames Ileardeti;. Church, Lanca-
shire; Hugh Roble, Barnard-Castle; Thomas ii.thert n
Kennard, Lambourn, Berkshire ; James Gibbs Blake,
Taunton, Soraersetshire,
A Cunroue CERntOkY.—During the past week hand-
bills have been posted in and abouit traintree annotnce
ing the presentation of a " moke" (donkey) to Henry
Ogan by the landlord of the Bird-in-Hand Inn, as a r.:••
ward for the faithful performance of a promise not to
swear or use profane language for six months. The novel
gift was accordingly, on. the 24th inst., placed in a cart
drawn by six other " ned.thes," and a procession was
formed, howled by a pair ~of hor6es aud a vehicle dee).
rated with evergreaus -c,olours, ;Lad containing a brass
band, and the hero Ogan, a -ad after parading the principal
streets of the town, returne d to tbe Bird-in-Hand, where,
before separating, they WI we , entertained with an abun-
dant supply of good ohoor —Ohatmslora Chronticic,

THE INSURRECTION IN SICILY.

The Moniteur of Saturday publishes the follow-
ing further details respecting the insurrectionary
movement in Sicily :

"PALERMO, Nov. 28

" Disturbances have taken plaCe in Sicily. 0 wing to
the difficulty of communication, the exact extent of the
movement which has taken place cannot yet be ascertained,'
but it seems that in the province of Palermo the speedy
arrival of the troops on every point where tranquillity was
threatened has led to the triumph of the Government. I
have gathered the following details respecting the move'
ment on the 22d of November :

" On Saturday evening, the 22,1 of November, the com-
mander of the escort which usually accompanies the dili-
gence from Palermo to Messina was having the toll-bar
lowered between Bellefrate and Mezzojuso, about 20 miles
from Palermo, when several shots were fired at him.
Thinking they were brigands, he took to flight, ordering
back the diligence. The Syndic, of Bellefrate, informed of
the occurrence, sent immediately a detachment of militia
to clear the road, but it was attacked by about 60 insur-
gents, of whom about 20 were mounted, and the militia-
men were obliged to retreat before superior numbers.
"The Sicilian Government at once took steps to stifle in
its birth an attempt at insurrection which might compro-
mise public tranquillity, and perhaps interrupt the com-
munication between Messina and Palermo. Troops were
sent against the insurgents, and the latter, surrounded'in
a wood, were compelled to leave 16 prisoners in the harltls
of the troops.
" A portion of the insurgents succeeded, however, in
escaping in the direction of Cefalu, on the coast betwben
Messina and Palermo, at 49 miles distance from the latter.
A. detachment of 800 men was embarked on board a war-
steamer to follow the insurgents to their retreat. After
remaining three hours before the town the troops entered
without opposition. To-day the road between Palermo
and Messina is again open, and the diligence runs as
usual."

" MESSINA, Nov. 29.
"Despite the excitement caused by the news from Pa-
lermo, this city is tranquil. The police have, however,
thought it advisable to take measures of precaution ; the
posts nxe doubled, but no one has as yet been arrested.
" At Catania placards are said to have been posted on
the walls with the words 'Long live the hereditary prince!'
`Long live the Constitution of 1812 r But the police tore
them down without opposition from the people.
"The Neapolitan steam corvette Dlirena, stationed at
Messina, left on the 28th for Naples, where she is to take
in 1,000 men and artillery."

The Italian papers give very little information
on the subject.
The Opinione of Turin, of the 21, says :--
"It appears certain that the movement is confined to the
neighbourhood of Palermo, and has not spread to the city,
where great excitement prevailed, and where the police
had hastily arrested some hundred persons. As is gene-
rally the case under such circumstances reports are cur-
rent of outbreaks elsewhere, as at Messina, Catania, Gir-
genti, and other places. The letters we have before us
mention as leaders M. Marco, a lawyer and ex-Deputy of
the Sicilian Parliament, and his brother-in-law, Benti-
venga, formerly in the army. A steamer is expected at
Genoa to-morrow from Naples, when we shall probably
have fuller details."

The Italia \e Popolo, the organ of Mazzini,
says :•

" We hear from Palermo that the events we have so ar-
duously wished for have commenced. The first step has
been moat favourable, as 600 armed men were enabled to
assemble at a moment's notice, led by men of talent and
energy.

" The movement commenced at Mozz juso, about two
miles from Palermo. Although at so short a distance from
that city, the police were a whole day inactive. All the
neighbouring
.districts—Villafrate, Bonnira, Vicari, Ci.
mina, have risen,.
" Fetes, concerts, and illuminations have been held.
The conduct of our brothers has been most sensible. There
has been no pillage, no effusion of blood, no act of violence,
but brotherly love throughout. At the moment lam writ-
ing I learn that the insurrection is spreading, and we hope
for success. The rallying cry is Vivo 1' Italia !' The flag
is a tricolour, without arms or municipal device."

A letter, dated Nov. 25, addressed to a merchant
at Genoa, says :

" The country around Palermo is in insurrection, and a
movement in the town is expected every ,nctoment.".

THE BESSEMER PROCESS.

(From the Birmingham Journal.)
When, on the first publication of Mr. Bessemer's inven-
tion, we subjected the process to such an examination as
the data then furnished to the public permitted, we ex-
pressed the belief that many particulars were wanting
which appeared to us essential to a correct estimate of its
value. The high pretensions with which Mr. Bessemer's
process was ushered into the world and the importance of
the manufacture to which it refers alike required that no
particulars should be withheld essential to the justification
of those pretensions, and to thesolution of a question which
agitated the most important manufacture of the empire.
Tim misgivings we had at that time were expressed in
these words :—" Especially important, too, is it that accu-
rate chemical analysis should be reset ted tote showthe com-
position of this iron, and to prove that the now process will
truly purge it of sulphur and phosphorus, as we understand
Mr. Bessemer to say it will—elements the presence of 1
per cent. of which is fatal to the quality of the iron."
So far as we are aware, this important information has
not been ;communicated to the public, and so long a time
has now elapsed that we despair of receiving it from the
quarter it was most naturally expected from. In the hope
of contributing to the settlement of a question which has
already too long disturbed the public mind, we have im-
posed upon ourselves a task which we think should have
been spared us, and present to our readers such an analysis
of Mr. Bessemer's iron as we have been daily hoping to see
published by that gentleman himself. The specimen we
have experimented upon possesses those physical properties
which, from repeated descriptions, the public are suffi-
ciently familiar with. The iron consists of an agglutinated
mass of largo brilliant crystalline grains, possessed of a
very imperfect malleability, flattening under the blow of
a hammer, but almost invariably cracking at the edges.
It is wholly destitute of a /fibrous structure, and only after
having been repeatedly heated and drawn out in a smith's
forge exhibits the properties of an inferior wrought iron.
On analysis it was found to have the following composi-
tion
Iron
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Carbon
Silicon

100.19

This composition is so accordant with the physical pro-
perties of the iron that, the composition being given, the
chemist would have had no difficulty in predicating its
more marked characteristics. Its crystalline structure and
fusibility are very satisfactorily accounted for. In order
more exactly to illustrate the nature of the' changeeffected
by Mr. Bessemer's treatment, we append an analysis of
refined iron produced at a large establishment in the neigh-
bourhood of Birmingham. We are indebted to the coin,
tesy of Percy for this analysis. It was made in his labo-
ratory by one of his assistants, Mr. Dick ; the iron was
obtained only a few months ago, and may be regarded as
representing the average compcsition of refined iron as
made at the present moment in this neighbourhood.
Iron
Carbon (combined)
Phosphorus .
Silicon
Sulphur 0.157
Manganese ~ trace
Residue, insoluble in hydrocknic acid

The residue, insoluble in hydrochloric acid, yielded—
Silica
Aluniina, with a little peroxide of iron 0.14

0.44
In contrasting the change effected by Mr. Bessemer'4
treatment with that of the refinery, the following particu-
lars force themselves strongly upon our notice. Mr. Bes-
semer's method removes most effectually the carbon and
the silicon, while in the refinery these are but little dimi-
nished. The carbon is eliminated with a perfection which
we should scarcely have thought possible, but we are with-
out information as to the sacrifice at which this has been
effected ; the amount of iron oxidised by the vivid combus-
tion
which Mr. Bessemer induces we are unable to ascer-
tain. The point which most prominently strikes the che-
mist in Mr. Beszemer's iron is the large amount of phos-
phorus which it contains—an amount utterly fatal, we
foar, td the value of Mr. Bessemer 's method. His treat-
men't, we suspea, does not sensibly diminish the amount
of this element ; but this, too, is a point on which we must
be aePendent en Mr. Bessemer. We have had no opportu-
nity of examining the slag produced inaththeattreiattmi es nbt:
we learn frOm an eminent chemical authority that at least
one sample of it coni,:jns no sensible amount of phosphoric
meld. We havg previously e;:nlain?
Huddling process that the sulphur
are mainly reniovedi the chetdicar elanxx.:ati°ll of the
tap-cinder of the puddling I'i/rimed disclosing an shun-
clatic4 of phosphoric acid. As .M 3 ad far as wo yin
learn, Bessetner has done nothing towards the
removal or this lA.nPitnni element phosphorus, and in this
important respect his process rati.dt be regarded as a failure.
From the number of patents Mr. Bessemet has ennamenced
(one so late as the 13th ult.) he appears virtually to,
oon-
fess the transition state of his improvements.
In taking leave of this subject we think Wo in,l safely
predicate that the iron manuftu
acre will remain unaffected
in any essential respect by anything which Mr. Bessemer
has done. No one will more sincerely rejoice at any real
improvement in the iron manufacture than we shall, al-
though we admit a preference for such improvements as
are not heralded by announcements of
" revolution," but
are modestly propounded, and left to demonstrate their
importance by that quiet and cautious introduction into
practice which generally characterises meritorious inven-
tions. We fear, however, that Mr. Bessemer has lost his
opportunity ; the interest he has t
wasted cannot be readily
reawakened, and less readily by him han by another. Like
the •Uplield the table, ho cried "Wolf, wolf 1" when
there was no wolf, and whose cries for help timer w
when the marauder indeed came, Mr. Bessemer will find
that any real improvement ho may hereafter make will
suffer a neglect for which his own hastiness and want of
caution will be alone to blame.

blaval and itliiitary intelligence.

The Ist battalion of the Grenadier Gnarls, which has
been stationed at the Camp at Aldershot for some
months past, arrived on Saturday at the Portman-street
Barracks.

The number of troops discharged for St. Mary's Bar-
racks, Chatham, during the month of November, was
nearly 1,000 men of all ranks, selected from various
cavalry and infantry regiments on the British establish.
ment as well as the East India and colonial corps. The
number of men still awaiting their discharge at Chatham
is about 1,400.
The Kilkenny Moderator says :—" On Tuesday an
order was received permitting volunteering from the 16th
Lancers here for the 2d and 3d Dragoon Guards, which
are to be made light cavalry regiments and to proceed to
India. Some of the 16th gave in their names to volun-
teer accordingly."
Nottingham has been again made a military station.
On Friday lalt a battery of the Horse Artillery arrived
there from 'Woolwich and took up their quarters at the
barracks.
The depot of the 79th Highlanders was to leave Aber-
deen on Saturday for Stirling Castle, where, with the
42d, they will form a depot Highland battalion, under
Lieut.-Colonel Muller. A reserve detachment of the
79th, consisting of 5 officers and 120 men, will shortly
leave Aberdeen for Canterbury, under Lieut.-Colonel
Clephane, to join the service companies of the regi-
ment.
By the death of Lieutenant. William Rivers, R.N., a
vacancy occurs among the lieutenants of the Royal
Hospital at Greenwich. The gallant officer died on Fri-
day morning at his re-,idence in that Asyluin, to which
he was appointed in April, 1826. Lieutenant Rivers
had seen considerable service prior to the peace in 1815.
He entered the navy as first-class volunteer on board
the Victory in 1795, and was in consequence present,
under the flag of Rear-Admiral Robert Mann, and re-

ceived two splinter wounds in the right arm in Hotham's
second partial action, July 13, 1795 ; and under Sir J.
Jervis in the ha.ttle 9ff Cape St. Vincent, Feb. 14, 1797.
In April, 1803, he again joined the Victory, then the
flagship of Lord Nelson, under whom, after pursuing the
combined squadrons of France and Spain to the West
Indies and back, he shared as one of Nelson's aides-de-
camp the glories of Trafalgar. On that occasion he re-
ceived a revere contusion by a splinter, whick knocked
out three of his teeth, and had the misfortune to bare his
left leg carried away by a shot. He was in consideration
of his valour and sufferings made Lieutenant of the
Princess of Orange, 74, Captain T. Rogers, received a
gratuity from the Patriotic Fund, and was allotted a
pension. Subsequently he removed to the Cossack, 24,
Captain George Digby, part of the force employed in
Admiral Gambier's expedition to Copenhagen, and
on leaving that ship he was appointed First Lieutenant
to the Cretan. While in the Cossack he was frequently
employe.l in intercepting such vessels as might be
passing with troops through the Little Belt. He was
four months engaged in her as First Lieutenant in watch•
ing the enemy's movements at Brest, and ho co-operated
with the British army on the coast of Spain, whence the
Cossack brought home the late Field-Marshal the Mar-
quis of Anglesey and the despatches announcing the re-
treat and death of General Sir John Moore at Corunna.
Lieut. Rivers afterwards was Flag Lieutenant to Admi-
ral Sir Thomas Williams in the Namur, and removed
afterwards to the Bulwark, in which he remained until
paid off in 1818. In 1824 he was appointed Warden of
Woolwich dockyard, where he continued until his ap-
pointment at Greenwich Hospital. He was father of
Commander W. T. Rivers (1849), who distinguished him-
self during the naval operations in the war in China.
His Prnsian Majesty's sailing frigate Thetis, 40 (once
British), Capt. Sundewald, arrived at Spithead on Satur-
day with a number of young officers f,A. instruction.
She saluted the naval and military authorities, and the
ceremony was returned by the flag-ship and the garrison
battery. The Frauenlob war schooner, Capt. Kinder-
ling,
arrived in company with the Thetis front Rio, and
will probably remain at Spithead for some time, as they
cannot proceed up the Baltic at present owing to the ice.
The Thetis, it is understood, will come into harbour for
repairs forthwith.
The freight ship Centurion, laden with ordnance and
other Government stores, for Sierra Leone, went down
to Woolwich on Saturday from the London Docks, to
fill in her magazines with powder and ammunition, and
will be ready for departure to-day.
Two gun-boats of the heavy squadron, the Parthian
and Wolf, having been masted, were on Saturday hauled
out of Woolwich basin and moored in ordinary.
The mortar floats, Nos. 118, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,
131, 132, and 134, were on Saturday temoved from
Woolwich basin, and towed down the river to Chatham
by the steam tenders Monkey and Widgeon, to be placed
in,reserve.
The steam troopship Dee having embarked boilers and
steam machinery far the screw steamship Diadem, in
construction at Pembroke, is to sail to-Jay, and will.
convoy the gunboats Fsnella, Garnet, Hunter, and
Handy to Portsmouth.
The cluster of buildings, 24 in number, a contract for
the erection of which was entered into two months ago
by Mr. Smith, builder, of Pimlico, is now completed,
upon the marshes immediately below the Royal Arsenal,
at Woolwich. They are intended to constitute the new
rocket factory, and, by way of precaution, aro iso!attd
front each other.

The following appointments were made on Saturday
at the Admiralty:—Commander Wm. Hoseason to the
rank cf Captain on the Reserved List; Lieut. A. F. Hart,
to the Pembroke ; Lieut. C. G. M'Gregor, to the Mean-
der ; Lieut. A. J, Kingston, to the Indus ; Lieut. J. C.
Clark, to the Coast Guard ; Lieut. T. H. M. Martin, to
the Cornwallis ; Dr. A. Anderson, surgeon, to the Pem-
broke; C. E. H. Farrant, Second Master, to the Pluto ;
R. Muinford, second master, to the James Watt ; Sam.
Cleft (b), assistant-surgeon, to the Pembroke ; R. J.
Squire, ditto, to the Pluto ; and F. A. Wetherall, mid-
shipman, to the Indus,

THE ENGLISH ALLIANCE.

(From the Journal des Debats )

The English alliance has been adopted in France during
the last thirty years by three governments of different
character and origin the Restoration, the monarchy of
July, and the Empire. An alliance that has been adopted
by throe governments of opposite views and principles is
evidently a necessary alliance. It may not always respond
to the taste or to the preferences of the country ; it may
at certain periods be difficult and disagreeable ; this has
occurred and will occur again.. But the interests and
social condition of the country renders the alliance a
necessary and fundamental fact which dominates all pre-
judices and all fits of bad humour. Were not this tho
case, why should these three governments have
adopted it? Its necessity explains its duration. We are
indebted to the Restoration for the English alliance. The
service thus rendered to the country has not al ways been
well understood, and perhaps the fault lies with those who
have explained it. Louis XVIII. said one day that, after
Providence, it was to the Prince Regent that he owed his
crown. This may have been true, but it aas unfortunate.
A. king should never owe personal gratitude ; his interests
should be co-mingled with those of his subjects ; and
France could not then forget the obstinate and sanguinary
struggle she had sustained against England, and in which
she had been defeated. Tho resemblance in political insti-
tutions may have rendered the English alliance agreeable
to the constitutional party ; the recollections of the erni-
goofien may have recommended it to the elder branch,
and this explains the saying of Louis XVIII. This alli-
ance, nevertheless, was not popular in France during the
Restoration, for wo were too fresh from the long wars of
the Empire. Butlet us render homage to the Restoration ;
it favoured the English alliance, but was not disposed to
sacrifice to it the interests and honour of the country. It
displayed this feeling in the Spanish war. The aversion
with which England regarded the French intervention in
Spy_ ur is known. It is an old maxim in English policy that
-ests of the latter demand that the influence of
the lute.. Mated in Spain. This is a souvenir of the war
France be on_ ~,at
succession in
I,.':ativeninsula. In order to oppose the pro-
of"gland employed her greatest efforts;
jetted intervention ...a
of wolli:ton and the eloquence of Can-
but the energy
storation, andthe intervention
ning did not disconcert the'lla2
in Spain was accomplished whil success. Yes—say the
in Spain was effected
English journals—the intervention
~,nd also the Restora-
against the remonstrances of England
tiou fell. This is true, but it fell, we beg
to add, 7 years
after wards! Thisoircumstance must be un ars,: nod. • • The
intervention in Spain was not the only indapzmdent act
of the Restoration. The war in Algeria was the second.
When the latter was decided on, explanations were de-
manded by England of the French Government. Tire reply
was—The expedition is undertaken in order to avenge the
honour of the French flag, and then to act according to cir-
cumstances. Is it for this the!: the Restoration fell? No.
The ordonnances of July slightly, influence that event,
and assuredly it was not the Englisi Government that in-
spired those ordonnances. What is the: lesson to be drawn
from the manner in which the Restoration carried out the
English alliance? That this alliance must be af:cepted with
loyalty, but not with meekness with; faith, but Dot with
superstition. In household matters a petty quarrel often
breaks out, and must be borne with patience. This rule
applies to the English alliance, principally on account of
the English journals, and sometimes in conse-
quence of the English tribune. But, sooner or later,
this patience is rewarded by the re-establishment
of good intelligence. It was under the monarchy of July
that we actively advocated the English alliance, and this
was strictjustice. That revolution is the sole French re-
a-nlution which had the honour of proving contagious in
England, and of producing a political result. England did
not confine herself to a display of her sympathies, but she
associated herself with good grace in the policy of the new
government ; she renounced her opposition to the conquest
of Algiers ; she supported with us the revolution of Bel-
gum ; finaly, thanks to the alliance of France and Eng-
land, ithe old anti-French league of the Holy Alliance was
destroyed or became impotent. Two events disturbed and
damped the English alliance under the monarchy of July,
without however breaking it up; the first was the treaty of
July 15, 1810; the second the Spanish s. Onin the
marriage both
these occasions Franco opposed England.she
right or in the wrong ? We will not discuss this question.
It is sufficient to remark that on both these questions
the French Government thought proper to vindicate the
independence of our policy. This cost it dear, say
dis-
th
English journals ; but this is another subject of grave e
cussion which we will not enter into. The question,
moreover, is not to know whether the July govern:, er A did
or did not owe its fall to its resistance to Englaudhe
important point is to know whether the government acted
wisely in its resistance. That it fell for having defended
the honour and interests of the country against England
• may be a misfortune, but it is not a fault,