The Sun.
London, England, 1851-05-06 00:00:00

THE SUN,

the internal impost not only equalled but exceeded the
foreign protection which he alleged, that not only showed
that the grievance was considerable, but showed also
what was the cause which produced that distress. Het
did not think that the House would, under the circum-
stances, be justified in refusing to assent to the motion
of the Honourable Member for Sussex (Mr. Frewen),
which merely affirmed the existence of great dis-
tress in a particular district, evidently produced by an
enormous system of fiscal blundering; thus repeating a de-
claration graciously made by the Crown at the beginning of
the session, and repeated by her Majesty's Ministers on every
possible occasion. Under these circumstances, if his Hon.
Friend thought proper to divide the House, he should think
it his duty, consistently with all he had said and done during
the session, to give the motion his support.
Mr. BASS explained that what he had said was, that the
number of acres under hop cultivation had increased from
42,797 in 1849 to 43,125 in 1850.
Lord J. MANNERS—But what was the number in 1847?
Mr. BASS said that he had not referred to 1847.—(Hear.)
Lord J. MANNERS—ExactIy so. If any brunch of agri-
culturists complained of distress, they were always told that
they must put more capital into the soil and bestir them-
selves, and that everything would then go right. In this
case some thousand acres of land having been brought under
cultivation in one year, the Hon. Member fur Derby (Mr.
Bass) drew the conclusion that the state of the cultivators
was therefore most prosperous and successful, and than the
House should, on that account, resist any appeal made on
their behalf. That showed that if the agriculturists did put
more capital into the soil, in order to make head against the
adverse circumstances in which they had been placed by un-
just legislation, it would be brought in argument against
them iu that House.—(Hear, hear.)
Lord J. RUSSELL said that the Hon. Member for
Bucks (Mr. Disraeli) had neither correctly stated the motion
made by the Hon. Member for Sussex, nor the state of the
returns before the House. Any one would have supposed,
from the statement of the Honourable Gentleman, that this
was a county and an interest suffering from a great importa-
tion of foreign produce. But although the duty on foreig❑
hops had been much reduced, it had not been reduced to
such a degree as to admit foreign bops, except in a year of
extraordinary prices. The importation of foreign hops had
only been 1-190th part of the home-grown hops consumed;
and therefore it was clear that the reduction in price was
not caused by the importation of foreign hops, but by the
great increase which had taken place in the home produc-
tion of late years. The motion before the House proposed
nst only to affirm the distress of a particular class of agri-
culturists, but to represent to her Majesty that these hop-
growers were unable to pay the duties to which they were
charged by law in the present year, and of course that they
should not be compelled to pay the sum so owing from
them. But as the hop-growers had already sold their hops
and obtained their price (a low one it might be), on the sup-
position that they should have to pay the duty, this was a
proposition that they should not be required to pay to the
revenue the sum which they had received from the hop deal-
ers for that purpose. This, he thought, was not a proposi-
tion to which the House could agree.—(Hear.)
Mr. FREWEN said that his motion having come on un-
expectedly, and many of the friends who would have sup-
ported him not being present, he should not divide the House,
but would withdraw his motion.
The House then went into Committee of Supply, but,
on the first vote (one for naval stores) having been pro-
posed,
Mr. FIUME objected to proceeding to vote public money
at that late hour.
The vote was thereupon, after a short conversation, with-
drawn, and the Chairman reported progress.
PROCESS AND PRACTICE (IRELAND) BILL.
The report on this Bill was brought up and agreed to.
APPOINTMENTS TO OFFICES, &c., BILL.
This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be com-
mitted.
COMM'SSIONER OF WOODS AND FORESTS.
Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE moved for returns of the
attendance of the Commissioner of Woods and Forests, since
the Noble Lord came into office.
Lord SEYMOUR thought it would have been only fair in
the Hon. Member to have stated the reasons why he moved
for these returns.—( Hear, hear.) Several of the duties to
which the motion referred were attached to the office of
Woods and Forests by Act of Parliament—others were ne-
cessarily connected with the office, and some had no special
meetings connected with them, while others mentioned in
the m aion were quite incorrect. (Hear, hear.) If the Hon.
Member had any charge to bring against him of not having
attended to his duties, he would be prepared to meet him ou
that ground, but, if not, it was a mere waste of time to give
such returns as these. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. COCHRANE had made no charge, but he should
like to know how often the Noble Lord had attended the
Board of Health, for example.—(" No, no.")
Mr. DISRAELI hoped his Hon. Friend would not divide
the House on this motion.—( Hear, hear.) If it was his ob-
ject to bring before the House certain circumstances con-
nected with one individual holding a number of offices, per-
haps he would think that he had succeeded; but making a
motion of the kind was calculated to cast a slur upon an indi-
vidual whom he regarded as one of the most valuable mem-
bers of the Administration.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. COCHRANE would not divide the House, but per-
haps the Noble Lord would have no objection to give the
return of the number of meetings held of the Board of
Health and Enclosure Commission?
Lord J. RUSSELL objected to give any of the returns
without a good reason being assigned.—(Hear, bear.)
The motion was then withdrawn.
BUSINESS OF THE lIOUSE.
Mr. DISRAELI asked what business the Noble Lord pro-
posed to take first on Friday?
Lord J. RUSSELL thought, after what had occurred that
evening, that it would be desirable to take up, first, the re-
port on the Property-tax Bill on Friday, and if possible,
after that the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill.
Mr. DISRAELI—Then, if the discussion should be brief
on the first subject, the Noble Lori intended to proceed next
with the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill?
Lord J. RUSSELL—Yes.
COUNTY COURTS BILL.
On the motion of Mr. .1. WILLIAMS, the County Courts
Further Extension Bill, brought from the House of Lords,
was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time
on the 14th of May.
The House adjourned at a Quarter past Twelve o'clock.

large naval establishment, is consequence of its diplomatic
interferences and its meedlieg too much with the affairs of
other countries. lie really wished Lord Palmerston was out
of theSeseign department. He would make him Chancellor
of the Exchequer—anything he could—for his telents were
great, and be was sorry to see them thrown away in his pre-
sent office —(Cheers and laughter.) With respect t , naval
expenditure, the Committee that had set upon that subject
for some time bad !SIC le the most searching inquiries, and he
regretted that their recommendation as to the reduction of
the number of admirals from 150 to 100 had not been carried
out. He eves glad to find that pare or the ground had been
cut from under his feet, because the Admiralty had proposed
to reduce the number of admirals from 150 to 99. It was
stated that a sum of 6,5001. would be necessary to carry that
reduction into effect. tie believed, however, that sum might
be altogether saved by adopting the system of making one
appointment for three deaths. Besides, the course recom-
mended by the Committee would have the effect of putting
an enol to the system of ,avouritism.
Sir F. T. BARING said the mode followed by the Admi-
ralty was substantially in accordance with the recommenda-
tion of the Committee; and with respect to the Generalship
of Marines, the Admiralty had done no more than carry
their recommendation into effect.
Sir G. PECHELL adveceted the propriety of making re-
tirements for lieutenants and commanders, and recommended
that the money paid for the conveyance of specie in her Ma-
jesty's ships should be eppliest to that purpose.
ASSI -TANT-sITRGEONS IN THE .NAVY.
Captain BOLDER° then rose to move that a resolution
of the House on the Bth of April„ having declared
that in the opinion of this House the accommodation pro-
vided for the assistannaurgeons en board her Majesty's
ships of war is inadequate and insuffieient for securing the full
benefit of their professional services, it is the duty of this
House that means should be taken forthwith to carry the
said resolution into effect. The Gallant Officer said that
under the present syst, in a s! stem of social degradation was
fixed on the assistant-surgeons, which prevents 1 young men
of go d 'acquiretnents from entering the navy in that capa-
city. There was no ground for refusing the necessary ac-
commodation in line-uf-battle ships, whatever might be the
case with respect to smaller vessels. If the Right Hon.
Gentleman the First Lord of the Admiralty would give him
an assurance that he would consider the matter, with the
view of carrying the resolution into effect, he would not press
his motion; but if the answer should be unsatisfactory, he
would take another opportunity of bringing the matter under
the consideration of the House.
Sir F. 'l'. BARING said he had endeavoured to carry out
the resolution of the House as tar as could be done con-
sistently with the accommodation afforded by a ship of war,
and regulations had been issued for that purpose. He was
not aware how far they had been complied with, but would
at once issue the necessary orders to procure a return on the
subject.
Mr. WAKLEY said the assistant-surgeons were extremely
dissatisfied, but they were afraid of complaining, knowing
that, if they did, a black mark would be placed against their
names, and they would have no chance of preferment.
The motion was then withdrawn.
THE HOP DUTY.
Mr. FREW EN moved that an address be presented to
her Majesty, most respectfully to inform her Majesty that
very great distress exists in those districts of the county of
Sussex where hops are grown, and that it will be quite out
of the power of the hop-planter in that county to pay the
excise duty on the crop of 1850 during the present year. The
hop duty had for a great many years been most oppressive.
In 1319 it was, certainly, not objected to; but in 1822 the
distress was so great that Lord Liverpool consented to the
remission of a moiety of the duty. Part of the duty of
1848, which had been allowed to stand over, had now been
enforced, and the consequence was that the planters had
been compelled to sell their hops at a ruinous price,
and had now nothing left. Within the last three
years they had lost 201. per acre. He trusted that
the Chancellor of the Exchequer would take the same
course which was taken in 182'2.—(Hear, hear.) lie had
received numerous letters, complaining of the distress which
existed, and stating that, if the Government attempted to
collect the duty in May, the result would be most serious.
Many of the tenants were leaving their lands, upon which
they could not live even rent free, the amount of taxation
being to enormous, and in a parish near his residence a
thousand acres had been thrown upon the proprietor. lie
did not know a single landed proprietor who had received
one-fourth of his rents during the last year, or one who h-d
received any part of his rents due at Lady-day, 18'0. They
might be told that they had no business to grow hops; but
he answered that they bad an enormous population, and that
the quantity of labour employed in the hop-grounds was i
such as Hon. Members not acquainted with that system of
cultivation could form no idea of. in the cultivation of hops
the amount spent on labfiur alone varied, according to cir-
cumstances, from 121. 10s. to 15/. Be. per acre, tied the whole
sum spent in this way in his ermines was estimated at from
120,000/. to 150,0001. a year. Ile thought that under these
circumstances the hop growers had the strongest possible
claims on her Majesty's Government, and should conclude by
moving ac he had given notice.
Mr. FULLER seconded the motion.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he could
not but be aware that there was a' part of the district to
which the Honourable Gentleman alluded in a state of dis-
tress, and it was painful therefore to him to feel it his duty
to oppose a motion the tendency of which might be supposed
to be to alleviate that distress. He wished to direct to this
case the attention of those Honourable Gentlemen who at-
tributed so much of the existing distress of the country to
the removal of protection. Let it be observed that the hop
growers had an absolute and emnplete monopoly of the home
market. It was perf:ctly true, a-; the Hon. Gentleman had
stated, that the protective duty was reduced four or five
years ago ; but It was still so high that no quantity of
foreign hops had ever yet come in which could be supposed
to produce the slighest effect whatsoever on the price.
The utmost quantity of foreign hops ever retained for con-
sumption was 250,0001b5. ; whereas our own produce was
48,000,0001b5. ; it could not, therefore, be supposed that this
had effected the home market to any appreciable extent.
Nor had the consumption of hops been interfered with by
the use of drugs, which in former times were employed by
the brewers when the price of hops was high. By the ar-
rangement made for the levy of the duty, the preshire on
the producer was greatly mitigated, payment not being re-
quired until the whole of the produce had been disposed of.
Thus before the growers were called upon to pay the
duty due on the crop of 184$, they had received the whole
price of that crop, and a considerable part of that of 1849.
So far was the statement of the Honourable Gentleman from
being true, that they paid the duly before disposing of the
crop, when the fact was, that they never paid the first half of
the duty till great part of the crop was sold, and never paid
the second hair till great pert of the subsequent crop was sold.
The Hon. Gentleman would not deny thi i position, that
when the producer had a complete monopoly, he must, in
ordinary times, be able to exact of the consumer the full
amount of the duty, in addition to the net price of the article;
this was the case with the growers of hops. But they had
done that which must necessarily lead to a fall in the p-ice,
increasing the produce of hops beyond the demand for them.
For many years up to the year before last, they lead paid the
duty without the slightest difficulty. In 1843, 1814, and
1845, the average produce of hops was 30,000,000 lbs., but
the production was increised so much that in the three
succeeding years it amounted to nearly 47,000,0001b5. By
throwing so large a quantity of this article cn the market
beyond what the country required, the price had been con-
siderably reduced. In 1849 the produce of hops was small
and the price exceedingly high, but in. 1850 the produce was
very large, amounting to 48,000,0001b5e b which the marls et
ly
was again overstocked and the price re need. The greater
part of the hops on which the duty was 'ow to be paid had
long been sold at the duty-paid price: `lf the remission of
duty was to be to the dealers who had-paid that price the
Hon. Gentleman's constituents would derive no benefit; but
if to the first parties, it was tantamount 'to a demand that so
many thousands of pounds should be taken from the pockets
of the general tax-paying community for the benefit of a
small class.
Mr. T. L. HODGES hoped that some relief would be
given, as the distress of the hop-growere could not be denied.
At preset there was a greater number of farms untenanted
i hal he had ever known in that county, and it was to be
feared that with a large number of farms out of employment
the state of the county in reference to the payment of poor-
rates and taxes would become such that no Minister could
venture to overlook it. lie should feel it his duty to intro-
duce a Bill for the reduction of the duty on hops.
Mr. BASS felt disposed to ask indulgence of the Right
Honourable Gentleman to other classes of distressed agricul-
turists. The growers of barley had been very great sufferers,
and as they paid a most onerous duty on their produce he
could not but think it quite as reasonable that the Right
Honourable Gentleman should return to them some part of
the duty, as that he should return to the hop-growers some
part of the duty on hops, which had already gone into their
pockets. lie doubted that the existence of severe depres-
sion
in this branch of agriculture was clearly made out, in-
asinuch as the quantity of acres of hops under cultivation
inereased in 1850 from upwards of 42,000 to upwards of
43,000. There could be no considerable importation of
foreign hops until the price in the, country was nearly
double the average, as was the case when the last importa-
tion occurred. It Honourable Gentlemen would confine
themselves to attempting to diminish an onerous duty they
would meet the sympathy of both sides of the House; but to
come and ask for extraordinary
indulgence to a trade which
was more indulged than any other in the country appeared
quite unreasonable.
Mr. E WANT briefly opposed the motion, contending (as
we understood the Hon. Member, who was nearly inaudible
in the gallery) that the relief proposed to be given to the hop
growers would involve en injustice to the hop dealers; that
it was, in p
oint of fact, mere y relieving one class at the ex-
pense of another. l
Mr. DISRAELI said ie v.as astonished that the Hon.
Members, , ho now complained to the House of the suffer-
ings of their constituents, a particular class of agriculturists,
should not have availed themselves of the opportunities
afforded them on more than one occasion during the present
session of expressing their opinions in support of the senti-
ments which hal so graciously issued fro a the Throne, and
been responded to by Ministers. The Howe had been told
at the commencement of the session, that there was great
distress and depression in the agricultural districts, but when
the House was called upon to respond to that important
declaration, the Honourable Member for Kent, and the
Ilonourable Gentleman who had just addressed the House,
did not then assist the repreeentativee of the agricultural in-
terest, but they new came forward and told the House that
they represented bodies of suffering agriculturists. They were
not asked, on the occasions to which he had alluded, to give
an opinion on the principles of protection, but merely to
offer their valuable testimony in addition to the important
and augu A declaration which had been made to the House
from the Throne. Notwithstanding this, however, he was
superior to any petty feelings on this sUbject, and entirely
sympathised with these Honourable Members on the present
occasion. The motion before the House was one for an
humble address to her Majesty, informing her that very
great distress existed in those districts of the counties of Sus-
sex and Kent where hops were grown. That was, they were
to inform her Majesty that there was partial distress, when
her Majesty had informed them that there was general dis-
tress. He could not under Stand how -her Majesty's Minis-
ters, having counselled her Majesty to make that important
announcement, and having on several occasions told the'
House that they still held the same opinions on this subject
which they bad expressed at an early period of the session,
could resist the present motion. What was the case before
the House? The duty on foreign hops had been reduced to
one-fourth of what it was formerly, but the internal duties
had not been reduced in the same proportion. The supporters
of this motion did not ask the House to protect any branch of
native industry; they merely contended that if the foreign
duty on an article of English production was reduced, it was
at least just that the inland duty on the same article should
be reduced in the same proportion. The Hon. Member for
Derby said that, notwithstanding the alleged distress in those
districts, the produce of hops had mach increased of late
years. But it appeared by a return which was on the table
of the House, that from 1847 to 1850 there had been a re-
duction of not less than 10,000 acres of land under hop cul-
tivation ; from something like 52,000 acres in 1847 to about
42,000., acres in 1850, This showed that this important
branch of native industry was suffering; that there was
great agricultural distress in this particular district. The
argument of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, that the hop-
growing. interest Wits protected, meant nothing unless he
could show that the internal tax raised on the article did
120 exceed the protection which he Alleged, _ If, hewe'Vcrl

COURT CIRCULAR.
It is understood that thA Queen intends to give a third
State Ball in the month of June next, and that for the en-
couraxement of trade, her Majesty has resolved that it shall
be a Fancy Ball. The costume will be the full dress of the
Court of King Charles the Second, from the Restoration in
1660 to 1685. The choice of dress will not be limited to this
country, but will include the Court costumes of that period
of other European countries.
The Queen held a Privy Council yesterday- afternoon, at
three o'clock, at Buckingham Palace. It was attended by
his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Lord President, the
Lord Chancellor, the Lord Privy Seal, the Secretaries of
State for the Home, Foreign, and Colonial Departments, the
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, the PostmaAer-
General, the Lord steward, the Lord Chamberlain, the
Master of the Horse, and the Groom of the Stole to Prince

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.
Yesterday the price of admission to the Crystal Palace fell
from 1/. to es., and in consequence the receipts at the doors
rose from 5001. to about 1,5001. or 1,6J0/. The sale of season
tickets also, to use the language of the Stock-Exchange,
"continues active," and the total receipts of the Commission
during the day considerably exceeded 2,0001. The financial
success of the Exhibition, therefore, promises to be as great
as its warmest supporters could desire, and hopes begin to be
entertained that not only will the whole undertakmg pay,
but that, after the discharge of every liability, the Crystal
Palace may remain over an acceptable present to the country
for whatever useful public purposes its peculiar construction
qualities it to fulfil. This is more than could have been anti-
cipated, but the immense sensation which the opening has
created, and the unqualified admiration which the whole dis-
play has elicited, the extern- to which season tickets have al•
ready been purchased, and the large and increasing receipts
at the doors, all seem to justify the sanguine expectations
now formed with reference to the pecuniary results of the en-
terprise.
The appearance of the building yesterday was strikingly
indicative of the reduction that had taken place in the price
of admission, the number present being fully three times as
many as on either Friday or Saturday. Notwithstanding
the many thousands who promenaded through the avenues
y -sterility, we did not during our visit observe any obstruc-
tion in the narrowest passages. The mass of visitors were
scattered over the building in those departments which
seited their several tastes, and this distribution left the circu-
lation everywhere free, the immense extent of the accommo-
dation which the glass house affords being in this way ren-
dered obvious in a very satisfactory manner. During the
early part of the day his Royal Highness Prince Albert, with
a single attendant, visited the Exhibition, and appeared to
be much interested in noting the progress made in com-
pleting the decorations. He passed through the naves and
entered several of the compartments, and afterwards visited
the galleries. A very amusing mistake occurred en the open-
ing day which we have not yet seen noticed. Two persons whose
appearance indicated that they were not exactly of the class
of three-guinea ticket-holders, were observed in the middle
of the crowd in the transept carefully scrntinising every one
about them; their conduct had so much that was suspicious
about it that an active detective of the Birmingham police
who was present, and who had been watching them for nearly
an hour, seeing that they took apparently little interest in
the magnificent spectacle that was passing in their imme-
diate neighbourhood, and that they looked harder than, in
his opinion, honest men ought, at the watches and other
trinkets so profusely displayed, advanced and took them
into custody. The strangers turned out to be Frenchmen,
but their explanations, whatever they were, being perfectly
unintelligible to the Birmingham officer, he conducted them
into one of the private offiees of the building and searched
them. It was satisfactorily ascertained by documents found
on them that they were French police officers, and a series of
mutual explanations, if they may be so termed where
neither understood the other, ensued--the strangers were
readily satisfied, and the Birmingham detective got a prac-
tical lesson in the old Scotch proverb, that "Hawks munna
pick out hawks' een."
We proceed to glance at the vast and heterogeneous con -
tributions of the states of the Zollverein. Much taste is
visible in the arrangement of the ordinary articles of every-
day use ; and without over-crowding, the whole of the compart-
ments may be said to be well filled. The specimens of stained
glass for windows, and coloured glass vases, cups, goblets,
urns and other decorative ornaments in which this manu'ac-
tare is so extensively employed, and with such unrivalled
effect in Germany, are numerous and highly typical of good
taste and judicious manipulation. The ores, smelts, and
pigments used in these and other manufactures, form an in-
teresting addition to this portion of the display. Although
German mirrors have not, generally speaking, so high a re-
pute as the " true British" plate, there are some large
and well-silvered specimens, the surface perfectly true • and
iu connexion with these is a large and elegantly-carved
look-
ing-glass
ero afraraemaet,s. adorned
wine-cooler, deeseoiotiher,biirhdst,ercruapeiodtst,a,flocno•hetrrsi,huatnedd
other
by M. Schler, of Berlin, is an example of the amount of good
taste and intellectual study that may be expended upon a
somewhat ordinary material, so as to give it a deservedly
high value as a work of art ; the composition; drawing, and
general arrangement is in the very best taste. Even the
every-day meerschaum, the first necessity of German life,
although not supposed to be susceptible cl much embellish-
ment, is one of the favourite studies of the young artists, and
much ingenuity is frequently exhibited in their carving
and decoration. The collection is rich and varied in style
and m eterial, varying from the most ordinary to the most
artistic. A silver-mounted one, by Held, of Nuremburgh,
representing the combat between St. George and the
Dragon, is a beautiful specimen of ornamentation. In
carton pierre there are a number of brackets, medallions,
frames, and mouldings, very elaborately finished.
The specimens of porcelain from the Royal manufactory at
Meissen have for a long period borne a high character for
their beauty and the fanciful nature of the decorations and
embellishments. Some of the vases are relieved by floral
and bouquet groups and festoons. Two of them exhibited,
which stand nearly five feet high, are exceedingly grace-
ful in form, and decorated in a fine and chaste style
of art. Some imitations of the antique Grecian, de-
corated with enamelled paintings, and filled with porce-
lain flowers, are of great elegance and beauty, and
maintain the high character of the Dresden china.
Berlin iron castings have long been celebrated all over
the world, The illustrations commence with the rough
iron ore. The carbonate and hydrated oxides are con-
tinued to the production of specular steel iron. Then we
have cutlery in infinite variety, and in many quaint and
novel designs; and thence we proceed to the production in
metal of works of the very highest order of art. Metal-
liferous ores and earthy minerals in the raw and manufac-
tured state are also shown. Some cast-iron bracelets, by
Devarrannes, of Berlin, are highly meritorious; and there is
a large collection of necklaces, brooches, bracelets, pins,
from the same manufactory, which are perfect as works of
art. It is singular that, some of the finest of the specimens
are made from English iron, and the delicacy of finish ob-
tained in the casting, the article never being afterwards
touched by a tool, is owing to the peculiar nature of the clay
into which the molten metal is poured. An iron pillar from
the Royal foundry of Berlin, surmounted by an Amazon
group, from a design of Professor Fischer, will challenge
general admiration. The base is a claw tripod, from which
rises a shaft, encircled by a triad of graceful figure, terminat-
ing with a highly-ornamented capital. The dark tone of
the metal is delicately relieved by an inlaid thread of silver.
A companion metal table is equally graceful. The table we
refer to has a series of figures in bas-relief, forming a sort
of entablature below its surface, supported by four winged
demi-figures springing from the shaft, moulded and orna-
mented with considerable elegance. Some of the muskets,
fowling-piecee, pistols, daggers, &c., are also elegantly
and appropriately decorated with metal work. The
bronzes are a large and interesting class, and many of
them are examples of elegant forms and superior finish.
Some of the larger ones are deserving of a lengthened
notice, and we may instance the group of Victory standing
on a rock and throwing a wreath to the victor, and another
of Victory recording the triumphs in the book of history of
the victors she has crowned, as fine examples of mixed
metal castings. Among the miscellaneous contributions we
may instance book and bookbinding machinery, leather
manufactured into ladies' baskets, writing cases, and a nu-
merous collection of articles of this class. They are much
more elegant looking than the leather and gutta-percha
castings of which some specimens may be seen occasionally
with our manufacturers. Musical instruments, delicately-
calved ivory toys and chessmen, card and fancy note paper,
with some elegantly-arranged samples of German metal
button manufacture, are among the number. Those inte-
rested in this manufacture will do well to contrast them with
the extensive and varied display from Birmingham in the
west nave. The German buttons are made of much thinner
metal, and, from the low wages paid to but workare men, can
be sold at a much more moderate price; they by no
means equal in point of finish to some of our home manu-
factures, the dies of which have all the accuracy of relief of
medallions.
There is a selection of objects of graphic art from the
Imperial and Government printing establishments at Vienna,
which are among the most interesting and curious contri-
butions to the Exhibition, and are well worth a visit. Six
chrome-lithographs are exhibited as specimens of the accu-
racy of the copies made from paintings, the originals being
hung beside them, and also of the cheapness with which
they can be produced. The original paintings are valued at
251. each, and the copies can he produced at Is. each.
Chemitypy, an application of science discovered by a native
of Copenhagen named Piil, and brought to perfection by him
in the Imperial establishment, is also illustrated. By this
invention the copper-plate style of engraving may now be
obtained from raised surfaces, like woodcuts, instead of, as
formerly, from engraved plates. The impressions thus pro-
duced are printed at a printing-press, which accelerates the
production 50 times, and cheapens it in the same measure.
The process is as follows :—A zinc plate is taken and co-
vered with etching-ground : the plate is then etched, and
the surface covered with an easily fusible (negative) metal.
The plate is then scraped so es to leave the metal in the
hollow parts produced by the etching. The surface of the
plate is
elevation o
sthen again etched, to remove part of the zinc plate
for of the design. The plate is now, lik
be
e a
wood-cut, fit for printing. If the plate thus pr
multiplied by the galvanic process, millions of copies may
be printed.
A pedigree of the alphabets of the whole globe commences
duced
the series of typographical curiosities. On the one hand
from the Chinese Characters, to which are added the Koreanic
and Japanese characters, and on the other hand from the
which represent the first known
hAyfrtichaenphhiecerioigicliyaphhcihcasrigaentse, which
rs,are immediately followed
signs of writing. All the rest of the alphabets take their
origin from these, and then branch ont
thein characterstonumberlessuaread-
mifications, which are traced upto
throughout the world at the present d
ay.
The most remarkable production, in the field of foreign
languages is presented by Auer 'a collection of the Lord's
Prayer, printed with Roman type in 608 languages and
lecstese.tion of which actually
second
iaon of the Chinese
characterscodnetNa.einiesp
e2so6e
the highest interest. The Se,ooo signs of
nldaei
haTwlgenuicenat svg,ceeotsahmtaei
bno
nidnadotti
that language are formed in the same manner as music is
formed with moveable type, according to the typometrical
system of M. Auer, the director of the establishment. This
system coatains about 400 points and strokes; and although
the trouble of joining these is taken into account, still the
advantage of Gutenberg's invention of printing with move-
able types is manifestly of the greatest importance when we
consider the immense number of Chinese characters.
We understand that 3,000 cwt., or 150,000,000 of letters,
have been cast in the foundry of this establishment in a
single day. Among the curiosities of typography exhibited
are specimens of different languages, printed on folio sheets.
These commence with the German language of the present
day ; then follow the letters used for printing during the
middle ages, the forms of which are represented by moveable
types to the sixth century. The series progresses until we
meet with the Gutenberg types, the gradual development of
the character of the letters used at the present day being
distinctly shown. A folio page of the Gutenberg Bible in a
frame has been imitated with types which bear a most de-
ceptive resemblance to the original, so that the original can
scarcely be distinguished from the copy.
From the oldest specimen of printing of the Gutenberg
Bible we arrive at the department of woodcut-printing,
otherwise called Xylography. The most ancient woodcuts
occupy the first place, and lead us to the different coats of
arms, to Albrecht Diirer's triumphal gate, the cuts of which
have been collected, with the exception of a very few, by the
Imperial Library. The woodcutting department of the es-
tablishment has undertaken to complete these woodcuts, in
order to have them in readiness if a reprint of them should
ever be required. A number of initial letters and whole al-
phabets of the seventeenth century, also a number of seals,
are here arranged. Various modern drawings, landscapes,
figurative and historical pictures form the continuation. Se-
Mr. WILLY'S CONCERT.—This entertainment
veal larger woodcuts, especially some religious objects, the
took place last evening at St. Martin's Hall. Mr. Willy originals of which were drawn on wood by Professor Fiihrich,
was assi ted by Messrs. Zerbini, Hill, Westlake. and Haus- claim the particular attention of the visitor, as they are exe-
man, with Mr. Lindsay Sloper at the pianoforte. The fea- cuted with especial ekill,
tures of the concert were, as it may be conceived, classical, The different juries have commenced their labours, and it
comprising Beethoven's Grand Quintet in C major, one 0f becomes necessary to look forward to the time when they
e'polir's and one of Mendelssohn's Concertos, and the Grand have made their awards. The proper ceremony for the dis-
Trio in C minor by the last composer. The vocal attractions tribution of prizes is agitated, and several different sugges-
of the evening were contributed by Mr. and Mrs. Weiss tions have already been made. The brilliant success of the
Mr. Frank Bedda, and Miss Mira Gm iesbach ; but we fear State opening encourages a hope in some minds that her
the character of the concert was too classic, and aimed too Majesty may condescend to honour that occasion also with
much at high art to have made it very profitable for the her presence. But nethipg definite is yet arranged, and the
descrying beneficiairc,

Albert.
The Right Hon. Andrew Rutherford was by command of
the Queen sworn of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy
Council, and took his seat at the 13oard.
A proclamation was ordered to be issued, relative to the
apprehension of parties connected with the St. Alban's
election. The Hon. Wm. Bathurst was Clerk of the Coun-
cil in Waiting. Before the Privy Council the Queen gave
audiences to Sir George Grey and the Marquis of Lana owne.
After the Council her Majesty gave audiences to the Mar-
quis of Breadalbane and Earl Grey.
The Queen was attended by tke Treasurer of the House-
hold, the Vice-Chamberlain, the Marquis of Londonderry,
Gin Stick in Waiting, Lord Waterpark, I.,rd in Waiting,
and Colonel Berkeley Drummond, Groom in Waiting.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Prussia,
attended by the Countess A. de Harke and Count Goltz,
went to the new Palace of Westminster yesterday morning,
and inspected the Houses of Parliament.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Prussia,
and Prince Frederick William, accompanied by his Serene
Highness Prince Edward of Saxe-Wiemar, went to Kew
yesterday afternoon, in an open carriage and four, and visited
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by Lieut.-
Colonel F. H. Seymour, rode out on horseback yesterday

morning.
The Royal Family took their accustomed exercise yester
day, in the garden of Buckingham Palace.
The Queen had a dinner party yesterday evening at Buck-
ingham Palace ; the company included her Royal Highness
the Duchess of Kent; their Royal Highnesses the Prince
and Princess of Prussia, his Royal Highness Prince Frede-
rick William of Prussia, the Duchess of Sutherland and
Lady C. Leveson Gower, the Duke of Wellington, the Duke
and Duchess of Argyll, his Excellency the Chevalier Bunsen,
his Excellency Monsieur Mussurus, Lady Fanny Howard,
the Baroness de Spetb, the Countess A. de Harke, the
Countess Louis- Oriolla, the Marquis and Marchioness of
Abercorn, the Earl and Countess Granville, Count Pukler,
Major von Baycn, Count Goltz, Colonel Fischer, and Lieut.
von Heinz.
The band of the Grenadier Guards was in attendance
during dinner, and performed the following selection :
Der Packet Tanz
Elvira Polka ......... Bertl.
Wanderlieder Waltzer.
Fantasie—Die deutsche Sanger Halle.
The Council of Chairmen of the Juries of the Exhibition
of the Industry of all Nations had a meeting at half-past
tiTtr.
Philip
oifliJperpseuys—ey,e
eleven o'clock yesterday morning, at the Exhibition.
Present :—Class 1. Sir H. de la Beche, C.B.—Class 4.
lass 8.
B arProfessoron
Charles
in-- SC
k 1h
l s s 9.' e
Class lO. Sir David Brewster—Class 19A. Sir H. R. Bishop
- Class 11. Sir James Anderson—Class 12. Dr. Schafhault,
for Professor Herrman—Class 13. Mr. George T. Kemp—
Class 14. Count von Harrack—Class 15. M. Verryt, for M.
Van Hoegeerden—Class 16. Hon. Colonel George Anson—
Class 17. His Excellency M. Van de Weyer—Class 18. Mr.
Henry Tucker—Class 19. Dr. Bolley—Class 20. Mr.
William Felkin—Class 22. The Hon. Horace GreSley—Class
24. Lord de Mauley—Class 26. M. Adam Chevalier de
Burg—Class 28. M. Ramon de la Sagra, for Signor Don
Joaquim Alforano—Class 29. Viscount Canning—Class 30.
Herr von Viebahn.
Viscount Canning • was in the chair
at the meeting of the
Council. Dr. Lyon pi Colonel Lloyd, and Lieutenant
ayfair,
Ward, attended,
beaded by Mr. J. Hume,
A deputation from Yarmouth,
M PGreat Yarmouth, the
•, and consisting of the Mayor of , _
Deputy-Mayor. G. G. D. Palmer, Mr. William N. Bur-
roughs, Mr. Joseph Davey, and Mr. J. Hargrave Harrison,
had an interview with Lord Seymour yesterday at the office
of her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Forests.
A deputation on the subject of therkney Ports, consist-
ing of the Earl of
bad d, Dir. Gill, Mr. J. Dundas,
and Mr. J. Lock, bad an interview yesterday with the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, at his official residence in
Downing-street.
Mr. Hughes, of Manchester, andH. Wyatt, had
an interview yesterdaY with Earl Granville, at the Board of
Trade, can the subject of the Patent-laws.
Mr. John Wood, Chairman o
f the Board of Inland Revenue,
had an interview yesterday with the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer. Sir Alexam'er Spearman had also an interview
with the Right lion. Baronet.
Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office
from the Governor of South Australia, and also from the
Governor of St. Helena. Dispatches were also received from
the Governor of the Canadas, and the Governors of the other
Norti American colonies.

ultimate decision of the matter rill of course rest withitt
Royal Commission. Other subjects begin to engross atten-
tion. In the midst of public curiosity the duties and the
claims of hospitality arc not forgotten. A grand entertain-
ment is talked of to be given by the local committees of
this country to the cot-amis.:am:Ts of foreign Pocvers; and a
banquet on a still greater scale is contemplated, at which
native exhibitors shall act as hosts, and contributors from
abroad as guests.

BATT 'S HIPPRODOME.
The inauguration of the marvellous Crystal Casket, ire
which the contributions of the various nations of the earth
are arranged for the inspection and admiration of myriads of
all sorts and conditions of men, has not been unaccompanied
by the production of novelties and contributions to the
public entertainment such as have hitherto been unexampled
in the metropolis. Amongst such attractive developments
of artistic skill the unique and gigantic structure at Ken-
sington. opened on the memorable let of May, under the aus-
pices of Mr. Batty, is eminently entitled to popular notice.
An unroofed oval area, measuring 500 feet by 400, is sur-
rounded by an amphitheatre rising in seven rows of seats,
and capable of affording accommodation to 14,008 spectators,
all of whom have equal facilities for an unobstructed
view of the performances, although divided into
four classes, at as many different prices of admission.
The nature and diversity of the amusements presented to the
frequenters of this hippo-dramatic nonpareil may be gathered
from the following outline of the feats which, in company
with a few thousand sight-seers, we have had the pleasure
of witnessing. First of all, the crimson hangings at the
southern extremity being drawn asi 'e, there issued forth
a royal procession—heralds glittering in embroidered ta-
bards, knights armed cap-a-pia for the tournament, and
gorgeously dressed dames on champing palfreys, preceding
a cer in which his Majesty King Henry the Eighth of
uxorious memory, line his briefly-beloved consort, Anne
Boleyn, were seated in grave majesty. Behind them, on
Jerusalem ponies, rode a pair of jesters ; and thrice tra-
versing the periphery of the arena in solemn splendour,
the pageant vanished whence it came. Next our nervous
admiration was commanded by a slack-rope acrobat,
who performed fearful pranks at a dizzy elevation,
and, on the safe th scent of the ccenobates, a race ensued be-
tween two charioteers in classic garb, the one in scarlet robe
being the Automedun of four bay coursers yoked abreast,
and after an exciting neck and neck contest, bearing the
palm from his competitor, who " in verdure clad" smote the
flanks of a similar team of greys. Then came a race right
gallantly run between three modern jockeys at a slapping
pace, and next, wondrous to behold, a contest between two
ostriches, mounted by Arab youths, producing an effect as
singular as novel. Four equestrians, each bestriding a pair
of coursers then displayed their prowess, and were succeeded
by a beautiful horsewoman, who•e well-trained chesnut dis-
played an ear for music fully equal to that of the
ebon mare who was wont to caracole beneath
the hand of Pablo Fanqui. After a struggle between
four Spanish muleteers, each borne by as many
quadrupeds, a chariot and pair race, beautifully contested by
three Roman ladies—an equestrian display by sundry apes,
who cling like grim death to their ponies' backs—and s
hurdle race excellently done by six impersonations of Di.
Vernon, in scarlet habits, the wonder of the ring
appeared, the master of the globe roulante. For
wards and backwards, up and down the sloping
plinks, with happier fate than the ever-toiling leisy-
phus in Hades, he pedally rolled the magically-progressing
ball, which seemed in bulk and material to be such a one as,
in days gone by, was shot from a mighty culverin by the
jealous guardians of the Dardanelles at Duckworth, when his
node fleet paid an unwelcome visi: to their sacred waters.
This exploit alone is well worth the payment of the entrance
fee, and the second meed of approbation we assign to the
vivid struggle between the female charioteers. The sports
concluded with a "Corso" race, in which ten riderless steeds,
discriminated by ecarfs of several colours, contindel
the mastery with evident self-enjoyment. The entertain-
ments were enlivened by the strains of two efficient brass
bands, stationed in galleries at each extremity of the major
axis of the ellipse. Ihere is not, we can fairly say, a single
place of amusement in the capital really better worth a visit
than the Grand National Hippodrome. It is calculated to
afford a large amount of pleasure even to adult Londoners,
whilst juveniles and provincials will be fairly enchanted by
its multifarious novelties, which are produced, as Mr. Batty
with perfect truth asserts in his programme," on a scale of
extent and grandeur hitherto unexampled in England."
Paxton's Palace of Glass, Betts's Hippodrome, and Alexis
ttoyer's Symposium, are the three grand metropolitan lions
of 1851.