The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-07 00:00:00

TBE SUN,

AIVIERICAN NEIATS.

ARRIVAL OF THE AMERICA.
LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.

By the Royal Mail Steam ship America, Ciptain
Shannon, we have accounts from New York, by
telegraph, to the 27th ult.
The America left Boston on the 26th ult., fourteen
hours after her usual time of departure, having been
detained for the Canada mails, which, owing to a snow
storm, did not reach Boston at the regular period.
During the run she has encountered heavy and un-
favourable weather.

The Royal Mail Steam-ship Asia, hence, was
spoken some distance off Cape Clear at 2 P.M. yes-
terday.
The Africa arrived out at New York on the 22d
ult., after a very stormy run.
The apprehensio❑ and examination at New York
of a man of colour, named henry Long, who was
alleged to be a fugitive slave, had caused consider-
able excitement, although there was no disposition
to resist the execution of the law. At the time of
the steamer's departure the case was undecided.
A tremendous gale and snown-storm bad taken
place in several parts of the Union. The New York
papers of the 24th of December thus report the
affair :

The wind blew a perfect gale yesterday from the
W.S.W. and W.N.W. Some of the vessels in the har-
bour dragged their anchors, and oilers were badly
chafed, while the sea ran high and dashed over the Bat-
tery wilily and tumultuou-ly. The atmosphere became
colder and colder as the sun went down, and at midnight
it was freezing everything solidly and icely.
On Sunday we had symptoms of this change in the
weather. Snow and rain, interspersed or fringed with
a ray or two of sunshine, were the particulars of that
day, and those who were out after tea said it was " one
of the nights." The barometer yesterday morning in-
dicated a blow, and the wild snow showers, or white
squalls which passed over the city, caused many to think
of the poor sailors arriving on the coast, and to feel
more benevolently and charitably towards the poor
who would pass a cheerless night, with no roast beef
or plum pudding in preparation for their Christmra
dinners.

This sudden change in the weather has been expe-
rienced over a vast extent of territory. Our telegraphic
dispatchee, received yesterday, state that it was very
severe throughout the northern and western psrt.of this
state, where a great deal of snow fell.
The wind, yesterday morning in this locality, at sun-
rise, was from the southwest, with a moderate bret ze,
which afterwards increased to a gale, and about one P.N.
shifted to the north-west, and blew a hurricane for a
short time. From the effects of the wind the tide fell
very low—so much so that the Hamilton Avenue and
South Ferry boats were aground in the slips, and the
crossing, for an hour or two, was interrupted, causing
great annoyance to persona doing business in this city
and residing on the other side of the river to avoid
enormous taxes. The Staten Islands boat did not
make the two or six o'clock trips, leaving many of the
residents of Richmond county to lodge away from home.
The thermometer was 26 deg. at nine o'clock last night.
The ship Niagara, Captain Smith, from Liverpool,
lying at anchor at the S.W. Spit, has cut or carried
away her fore and mainmasts, and hi r mizentopmast is
also gone.
With the exception of some trifling damage to the
steam tug Cinderella, and the sloop Talma, being ashore
on the sea wall of the Battery, we do not learn of any
serious damage resulting from the gale.
The ship Reciprocity came up from below yesterday
morning, and anchored in the North river. A barque
also came up and anchored off Governor's Island.
It was reported in the afternoon that the Ohio, from
Havannah, had gone ashore, and to pieces, on the Jersey
coast. The report created a great excitement. We are
happy to state that it is incorrect.
There was considerable damage done in Brooklyn. A
coal-barge at the foot of Fulton-street was stove in pieces
by the combined effects of the wind and waves, and
about 160 tons of coal which were on board sank to the
bottom. The barge was from Philadelphia,: commanded
by Captain Donnelly, numbered 1, and was valued, with
the coal, which belonged to George Baker, Esq., at
about 4,000 dollars. A barge and scow lying at the foot
of Atlantic-street, about half filled with coal, were also
sunk. Loss about 3,000 dollars; no insurance.

The roof of a building belonging to the Atlantic Dock
Company was blown off, and considerable damage done
to the other portions of the tenement.
A house on Fulton Avenue, in process of erection,
was partially blown down. Eight unfinished frame build-
ings situated at the corner of Mill-street and Smith-
street, were re zed to the ground early yesterday morn-
ing. There ha., undoubtedly, been a large amount of
damage to the unfinished buildings in various parts of
the city, but which, however, had not transpired last
night, the above being all that we have heard of.
. .

Last evening the Brooklyn ferry-boats were stopped
for two hours on account of the extreme lowness of the
tide, caused by the strong westerly wind. One of the
boats of the South Ferry, and another of the Hamilton
Avenue, were stuck in their slips, and would not move,
while the passengers in the boats still free were detained
on the river for a great length of time, the boats moving
backwards and forwards, without being able to land
them. At length they had to climb up the piles at the
end of the piers, to the danger of their lives. Great
excitement prevailed.
About two o'clock, r.m., a sloop, the Good Return, of
Greenport, was discovered in the gale, tossing upon the
waves in the North River, without a single person on
board. Several men put off in a small boat, and brought her
to the foot•of Courtlandt-street, where she was made fast,
and taken in charge by the wrecker of the port, Coroner
Geer—who will detain her until such time a 3 the owners
can be found. Up to last evening no tidings could be
heard of the crew of the above vessel, and it is feared
they have perished in the storm of Sunday night.
We were inform, d last evening, through a relisb'e
source, that about three o'clock in the afternoon r row
of brick buildings (four in number), erecting in Madi-
son Avenue, were blown down by the heavy gale,
causing a great destruction, but fortunately injuring
no person.
A massive piece of timber was blown from the roof
of a new building in Ninth Avenue, which severely in-
jured Mr. Philip Horner, who was passing at the time.
He was conveyed home, unable to speak, and appa-
rently irrecoverable.
It is said that the bank of the Hudson River road was
washed away by the rise of the river caused by the wind.
The trains were stopped and had to return.
Several steam •boat explosions bad taken place. Tht
following telegraphic dispatches contain particulars of
the accidents :

"New Orleans, Dec. 20, 1850.
" Last night the steamer South America took fire,
near Bayou Sara, and in less than 20 minutes was totally
destroyed. She had on board 200 persons, including 100
United States soldiers, seven of whom perished; they
were going to Texas. It isbelieved that between 30 and
40 passengers lost their lives, many of whom, to avoid
being burned, jumped overboard, and were drowned. All
the baggage belonging to the passengers was destroyed.
This is the third distressing seam-bost accident that has
occurred in this vicinity within a week.

" MANY PERSONS KILLED, AND SEVERAL SEVERELY

SCALDED.

very abundant. On call money is pressing on the mar-
ket at 5 to 6 per cent. on go d t3toelts3 and less on Go-
vernment securities. The mock market is very firm,

with an upward tendency in the rat. s. The Exchange
matltc, is quiet but firm. Sterling is 10 to 101; francs,
5 15 to 5 12/. All continental bills are very firm.
There has been no variation in quotations for foteign
exchange since the depa tore ;I the Arctic. Drawers
a-e firm, but the demand has not been very active yet
for the steamer leaving Poston on Wednesday. We
quote on London 10 t )101 per corr. premium; on Paris,
sf. 111-c. to sf. 10c.; Amsterdam, 411 to 411; Ham-
burgh, 364 to 37; Bremen, 791 to 80. The exports t f
specie from this port for the week ending the 21st inst.
amounted to 355,104 dolls., nearly two-thirds of which
were silver. Total export for 1850, 9,221,191 dolls.
Cotton—The total removal of a'l apprehensions of a
general war on the continent of Europe has had a very
Loznefickl elect upon this staple, s dill being made of
2,502 bales from 4 to 4 cent advance, the bulk of the
transectilns being at the latter figure. Holders appear
indisposed to put our light stock freely on sale, even at
present rate., anticipating still more encouraging ad-
vices by the Baltic steamer. Fair Uplands, which sold
last week at 131 cents, are worth 131 cents to-day.
On Tuesday, 3,500 bales were sold at an advance of
I cent to it c nt, the larger advance being on Florida
and Gulf cottons.

Foreign Dry Goods—We have now arrived at ill..
dullest period of the season for dry goods, yet a limited
business is doing to meet the cloOing wants of Cali-
fora is and the South. Prices show much steadiness,
and expectations are strong that for all articles of which
the stock is not heavy higher prices will rule at the
opening of the new year's trade. The prospect is that,
with the present limit d production of goods and high
prices of cotton, the spring demand will sustain and
raise prices.
Breadstuffs—The market for western and sour flour
has been very dull since the receipt of the English ad-
vices, and prices rule in favour of buyers. Canadian is
very quiet, and prices are steady at 4 dolls. 81c. to 4
dolls. 87itc. Rye flour is scarce. Corn meal dull.
Wheat meets a fair demand, but buyers and sellers are
apart in their views. Common Genessee sells at 115 c. to
116 e. A large sale of Canadian was made at 108 c. for
good in bond. Corn is firm, with a fair demand. New
Northern brought 64c. to 641 c.; new Southern and
Jersey, 65c.; old and new mixed, 66c.; and old Wes-
tern and Northern yellow, 68 c. to 69c. per bushel.
Provisions—Our market fur old pork is less firm and
unsettled. New is firm and in demand at 14 dolls. Lard
is firm, but dull. Cheese is very dull and heavy.
Tobacco—The market is quiet for domestic. Most
of the seed leaf is out of market, and held for higher
prices. We note a sale of 200 bales of Segue on pri-
vate terms, 70 bales of St. Domingo at 13c. to 17ic., and
75 cases of Florida at 20z. to 25c. _ _ .

Freights—There is not much doing, but shipowners
are firm. To Liverpool the rates are-18d. for flour,
4id. for grain, 3-16 d. for cotton, II ith engagements ;
17s. 6d. for bacon. with engagements of 290 tierces. To
Havre, cotton is
SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

The Africa steamer, from Liverpool, the Hudson,
from Glasgow, the Snea, from Marseilles, the Washing-
ton, from Malaga, the Peterel, from Barcelona, the Fre-
derick, from Bremen, the Martha Allen and the Z.D.
Gorham, from Smyrna, the Niagara, from Liverpool,
and the Irvine, from Sligo, have arrived at New York ;
the Maria, from Stockholm, has arrived at Alexandria,
Virginia ; the Revere and the Statesman, from Liver-
pool, have arrived at Boston ; the Invincible, from Li-
verpool, has arrived at City Point, Virginia ; the Ac-
taeon, from Liverpool, has arrived at New Orleans ; the
Raphael Arovo, from Bremen, has arrived at Phila-
delphia ; the Argyle, from Glasgow, the Oregon, from
Stockholm, and the Baring Brothers, from Newport,
have arrived at Savannah.

THE PROPOSED NEW ELECTRIC TE-
LEGRAPH COMPANY.

The Submarine Electric Telegraph Company, for
establihing that system of communication between Eng-
land and France, propose to incorporate themselves by
Act of Parliament. The capital is to consist of shares
of 11. each. The number of shares to be issued is
200,000; 108. per share to be the greatest amount of any
one call, with power to borrow to the extent of one-third
of the capital. Powers are proposed to be conferred to
exercise solely and exclusively the right and privilege of
laying down and using a system of electric printing and
other telegraphs from the coast of England to France.
The compaey propose to be empowered to enter into
agreements with foreign Governments. At the expira
tion of ten 3 ears Government may revise the regulations
of the company as shal be deemed necessary for the pro-
tection and convenience of the public. The measure
proposing to establish a submarine electric telegraph be-
tween Great Britain and Ireland contemplates the same
amount of capital for the purposes, and contains almost
similar provisions. The European and American Elec-
tric Printing Telegraph Company is for the incorporating
a company for the working of certain letters-patent
granted to J. Brett for exclusive use in Great
Britain and its colonies for fuurteen years. The capi-
tal is to consist of shat 03 of 5/. each, in 40,000 shares,

11. per share to be the greatest amount of any one call,
with power to borrow ote-third of the capital. The
Magneto-Electric Telegraph Company seeks to be in-
corporated to work certain letters patent granted in 1848
to W. T. Henley and D. G. Foster. The capital is to
consist of shares of 20/. each, in 25,000 shares, 31. per
share to Le the greatest amount of any cue call, with power
to borrow to the extent of ono-third of the capital, land
b ken not to exceed 100 acres, the company not to take
any assignment or license of pat( nt until 50,000/. in
shares of the company are subset d for. The existing
Electric Telegraph Company apply for a monetary
amendment of their Act of 1846. The Bill allegPs that
600,0001. has been subscribed for, and a sum of 300 000/
paid on the 6.000 shares; it is expedient that the 6,000
shares of 100/. each should be called in and cancelled,
and that it setid of t ach such share two shares of 251,
each should be created, and that the money paid on any
such cancelled share shall be considered as having been
paid on such two newly•create d shares, and be divided
between the same in equal proportions. The borrowing
power being 200,000/, powers are sought to regulate
these powers by the amount of the capital to the extent
of one-third for the time being, and with one half actu-
ally paid up.

" Pittsburgh, Dec. 21.
" This afternoon the steamer Fashion, No. 2, collapsed
a flue, a short distance above Pittsburgh, on the Monon-
gahela river, and so severely scalded many of the pas-
sengers and crew, that some of them instantly died. The
list of killed embraces the names of Joseph Carrot and
A. Little, passengers; Isaac Peebles, assistant engineer,
son of the captain; and James Louderback, fireman.
The scalded are—W. Gaskill, first engineer; A. Pee-
bles' assistant engineer, son of the captain; Jesse Gilli-
land, passenger; John Pettigrew, deck band; Findley
Gould, deck hand; and one cabin passenger. The boat
is almost a total wreck. The forward part of the cabin
was blown overboard, stud it is supposed that several
persons were carried along with it; but as yet no bodies
have been found in the river. The scalded persons were
conveyed to the city to receive medical treatment,"
The Forrest divorce case continued to occupy much
attention at New Ymk.
Our political advises are unimportant. Difficulties
existed between the American Cabinet and the
Austrian Charge d'Affaires, the latter having advised
the United States Government not to interfere in
Hungarian affairs, and the Secretary of State having
justified the policy of the Executive.
Accounts from Toronto to the 21st ult. state that
the Inspector- General had proposed measures of
retaliation, in order to force reciprocity in the
American Congress. Weather at Montreal 16 deg.
below zero.
Rio de Janeiro accounts of the 16th of November
quote coffee advancing, owing to limited supply.
Crops yielded less than expected. Exchange high.
Porto Rico accounts of the 12th ult. report rain
abundant, and prospects of crops flattering. Sugar,
3 to 4 dolls. nominal. Coffee, nothing doing. Reports
of an invasion by Lopez from Hayti had been current.
Troops had been sent to the supposed scenes of
danger.
(LATEST BY TELEGRAPH.)
HALIFAX, DEC. 27, 1850.
Communication from Baltimore, this afternoon's

date, states positively that Jenny Lind and party left
Wellington for Charleston by steamer on Sunday
last; that the vessel has not reached Charleston, and
is reported lost. Certain it is the steamer must have
encountered the severe gale; but there is nothing
authentic or reliable, beyond the fact of Jenny Lind
being a passenger, and that the vessel is out of time.
One communication from Baltimore, announcing the
rumoured loss, says there is nothing whatever to con-
firm it ; that the telegraph wires south (by which
alone it could come) are out of order, doubtless de-
ranged by the gale.
The cotton market to-day is firm, but the brokers
do not alter quotations.
The flour and grain markets dull, in consequence
of the firmness of brokers; no quotable change since
steamer left.
Stock market very buoyant. No sale of Govern-
ment stocks to-day, but large business in railway
and other shares ; upwards of 2,000 Reading shares
bought.

NEW YORK, DEC. 27, NINE, P.m.
A later dispatch from the south says Jenny Lind
and suite arrived safe at Charleston.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
MONEY MARKET.
NEW YORK, DEc. 24.
In money there 18 AO change, and the Oupply ontinuee

LON DON, TVESD A Y EVN ING, JANUARY 7, 1851.

some more authentic tales of spectredom from this ac-
:omplished narrator. The theme of " Conversations
with a Late Author" is Lord Bacon's Essays, which
ire viewed by the erudite and friendly dialogists in
a different light, the illustrious writer being, accord-
ing to the one—
. As unprincipled and heartless, and only a less san-
uinNry and less daring politician than the Cecils and
Walsinghams of his youth. Their infernal subtly tv and
inscrupulousness, qualities of a!I the advisers of Eliza-
beth—the crowned instigator and instrument of the
a-hool —pervades all he write'. Surveying, nay, pene-
rating, the inv,,lutions of character, from a height like
that of Milton's Satan, or of his Archangel Michael, he
is without the malignant pride of the one, or the dutiful
oenevolence of the other, and has actually less of man in
iim than ither. Sitting in the awful solitude of him-
,elf, there is no humanity in him but of the intelligence
—thp int.elliccnee of an ungenerous philosophy and piti-
less heathenism 1"

whilst in him, according to the other,
" A marvetlous experif nee, a boundless erudition, aid
to almost divine comprehensiveness of vision, happily
oorabine with a magic power, more wonderful than all,
of enriching all he touches, to make him the nonpareil
of hutLaa thinkers. lie stands alone in his view of life,
iust as be stands on the eminence of a genius that is
alone in human things. Shakspere knew men and things
as they are—Montaigne as they were in himself; Bacon
alone rose to the science or them, as they were in
both! • • It is not his powers or acquisitions that
astound us, but the use of them. All is intellectual
alchemy, and of the boundless stores, not to say rub-
bish, of classic, dogmatical, snd physical literature he
has at cjnmand, you are never reminded, except by the
priceless drops of wisdom and experience they furnish
when distilled through the magic alembic of his
science. * • lie can make all saws tell new truths,
and homely words express rare thoughts. The monarch
of language, he has but to use to aggrandise. * *
There was more than a practical statesman, even a
Richelieu, lost to England in Bacon. If the pedantic
fool, canonized as the second Solomon, bad known how
to seek or to appreciate Bacon, as Henry IV. did Sully,
Charles I. would never have had to expiate parental
folly on the scaffold, and England, spared a civil war,
would have anticipated in peace almost centuries of con-
stitutional freedom!"

A couple of extracts more, and then we
.turn from
this suggestive paper :
" If there were no statutes of taste in force, no ;Mayne
Chutes of established fames, so that men might judge ot
authors, as in England Li ey affect to do ot faiths, on
their own free poisings and likings, Homer would have
to owe again his preservation to oriental shepherds,
Virgil and Milton theirs to university professors, Shak-
spere and Bacon would have no reader under thirty, and
Scott and Byron none over."
e' The hate of circumstances, and the alienation of the
world, is a sort of sombre atmosphere that concentrates
the divided affections, the scattered electricity of a man's
nature, and makes it more intense as the storm around
is darker. The weakness is one of all time and of all de-
grees of moral and intellectual worth. It is as much a
rule for cashiered officers and bankrupt merchants to
make honest women of their mistresses, as for desolate
gourmands to marry their cooks."
The concluding article, on the " Life and Correspond-
ence of Southey," reviews the " Madoc," and that fine
poem, " Roderick," of which Byron was a passionate
admirer. Many a year as it is since we have perused
" Madoc," how freshly are now recalled the vigorous
description of the combat at the stone of sacrifice,
and the following graphic touch in which the poet
describes the clearing of the elements :
" Three dreadful nights and days we drove along,
The fourth the welcome rain came rattling down,
The wind had fallen, and through the broken Cloud,
Appeared the bright, dilating blue of heaven."
The number winds up with a highly vigorous and
able, but dreadfully Toryish political article. A
merciless mitraille is poured into sundry eminent
personages, tut the grand attack is directed against
the present Viceroy of Ireland. It would be a most
damaging were it not altogether an ex parte state-
ment of charges against that distinguished nobleman.
As to the views and predilections attributed by this
highly talented but very prejudiced writer to Lord
Clarendon, we shall only say that we feel convinced of
a complete refutation of such allegations being given
by that high-minded and experienced functionary when
they are brought against him, as no doubt they will be,
in the Senate. Little do we doubt but that the last of
the Lord-Lieutenants of Ireland (for that tarnished
mockery, the Court of " the Cawatle," is on the eve of
extinction), will there promptly vindicate his political
integrity, and scatter to the winds the calumnies of
his assailants.

BENTLEY,

Bentley begins the new year admirably; his en-
graved portrait of Dr. Layard, from the original
picture by Phillips, is one of the most beautiful
specimens of the engraver's art that we have seen for
a long time, and the article which it illustrates, enti-
tled "Dr. Layard and Nineveh" (which will be
found in another column) is one of the most interest-
ing that was ever penned. The Miscellany opens
with a pleasant gossip on " New Year's-day," its
cordialities, its gifts, and its ceremonies, in the
course of which the writer takes occasion to ex-
press his regret that " the cordialities of the
season have been gradually falling into disuse
year after year in the memory of the
living generation ;" adding that "if you wish
to see sues customs in full operation you must go to
Paris, where New Year's-day is still the day of bon-
bons." Mr. Fairholt commences a series, entitled
" The Curiosities of Eccentric Biography," with an
account of Lithgow, the old Scottish traveller, who,
in 1614 and 1640, published an account of his travels
in Europe, Asia, and Africa, which is only exceeded
in quaintness by the writings of the renowned
Thomas Coryaf, of whose career and eccentricities
e hope Mr. Fairholt will give us a sketch in an
early number. As a pendant to the biography of
Lithgow we have a sketch of the life of
John Metcalf, known as "Blind Jack of
Knaresborough," who, although he lost his sight
at four years of age, yet made a fortune as a civil
engineer. The Manchester road from Blackmoor to
Standish-foot is of his construction, as is the celebrated
bridge at Boroughbriige, Yorkshire. Mr. Drum-
tnond Wolff continues his amusing " Sketches of
Life in Madrid," and Mr. Robert Bell his " Ladder
of Gold." " A Visit to a very Great Man," by
Horace Mayhew, is a most amusing visit, most
amusingly told. Who the great man was we will not
betray to our readers, although we may venture to
state that on the proudest occasion of his life the
great Emperor Napoleon himself pulled his ear, and
called Ihim :coquin. Bentley has always been rich in
tours and travels, and in the foremost rank of these
we must place " A Tour through the Riesen- Gehirge,"
which appears in the present number. The Riesen
Gebirge is the chain of mountains running between
Silesia and Bohemia, and separating the Prussian
from the Austrian territories. The author's descrip-
tion of the labyrinth of reeks at Adersbach and
Weckelsdorf is most interesting; according to Prince
Pucklar Muscau, it is worth coming 500 German
miles to see these alone, but our English reader can
see scenery of a similar character, and of a nature
quite as romantic, by visiting the Cheddar Cliffs in
Somersetshire, or the Valley of Rocks at Linton in
Devonshire. Our author was at Breslau when the
news arrived of llaynau's flogging by Barclay and
Perkins's draymen, and thus describes the effect
produced by it in that town :
" The ' lynching' inflicted on him in London seems to
have given exquisite pleasure to all ( f the middle class,
officials included, to judge from the expressions of
the numbers whom I have spoken with on the
subject ; but the aristocracy and military, on
the other band, as invariably denounce it in
the most unsparing terms, as a scandalous breach
of the laws of hospitality, and a piece of unpa-
ralleled savagery. The privileged classes having no hopes
of being maintained in what they consider their rights,
or even of permanent safety for their persons and pro-
perty, but in the army, are naturally jealous of anything
which tends to destroy its prestige, and resent, almost
as a personal injury to themselves, any insult to one who
wielded that force with such tremendous energy and
effect in the recent most difficult times."

We have, in addition to these, several other articles
of interest, and divers reviews of new publications.

COLLECTED EDITION OF THE WORKS

OF DOUGLAS JERRO LD Part I.

This the first part of the collected edition of the
works of Douglas Jerrold contains sixty-four clearly-
printed pages of the " History of St. Giles and St.
James," and is published at the low price of 7d. This
will, we hope, ensure it an extensive circulation, fur
there is no writer of the present day the study of
whose works is so likely to do good to all classes of
the community as Douglas Jerrold.

BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY.—We learn that
among the changes that have recently taken place in the
management of this railway, the directors have appointed
Mr. Badham, their able secretary, to the office of general
superintendent of traffic. Mr. Badham has been secretary
to the line since its formation; he has faithfully discharged
the various duties, incidental to that responsible trust to the
entire satisfaction of the directors. His great knowledge of
traffic, and his being conversant with the working of every
department, has induced the directors to secure his services
as general superintendent of traffic, as well as well as secre-
tary to the line. This, in our opinion, is a roost judicious
step on the part of the directors, as it will lead to good ma-
nagement and economy.
Censorious as the world is, it oftener does favour
to false merit than injustice to true.—Eliza Cook's Journal.
lIILARY TERllL—Yesterday the lists of the arrears
' in the common law courts for the ensuing llilary Term, com-
mencing on Saturday next, were exhibited. In the Court
of Queen's Bench there are 50 special cases and demurrers for
argument. There are none for judgment. In the new trial
paper there are three for judgment, and
In 30 tore arguCommon
ment ;
making, exclusive of Crown cases, 92.
Pleas the arrears only number 26, consisting of four demur-
rers, four enlarged rules in ,the remanet paper, and 15 rules
for new trials, with two matters standing for the judgment
of the Court ; whilst in the Court of Exchequer the number
is 61, of which six rules are in the peremptory paper. There
are 18 matte; s. including new trials, special cases, and de-
murrers, standing for judgment. There are four demurrers
for argument, and eight special cases and 25 rules in the new
trial paper. The arrears of three courts only number 179,
showing a marked diminution in the lists, compared with
Hilary Term last year, partly arising from the operation of
tho Gouty Gvart4' act.

CALIFORNIA AND THE CURRENCY.
[Exuact from No. 94 of the Quarterly Review, on
c,e Rights of Industry and the Banking System.]
" Mr. Jacob's summary is as follows:
"' We have estimated the stock of the coin in exist-
erce (in Europe, including Russia in Asia and America),
at the end of the year 1809, to have been 380,000,0001. ;
and the additions made to it between that period and the
end of 1829, at the rate of 5,186,8001. mutually, would
make 103,736,0001.
" From the 380,000,0001. of coin left in
180, we deduct for loss by abraiion,
at the rate of one part in 420 in each
year, which in the twenty years
would amount to 18,005,2201., thus
leaving in 1829 ... £361,904,780
to which may be added the supply from
the mines

... 103,736,000

thus showing ...
from which deduct
that converted
into utensils and
ornaments ... £5,612,611
and that transferred
to Asia ...

.. . .. . .. . £ 165,640,780

„.. 2,000,000

£7,612,611 annually,
or in the twenty years ... ... . . £152,252,220

This would show the estimated amount at
the oud of 1829 to b© .•
or less than at the end of 1809 by

... £313,388,560
... 66 611,440

being a diminution of one-sixth part of the coin of
Europe and America in the twenty years.'
Simultaneously with this direct decrease of the
metallic money of the commercial world, the quantity
of paper money circulating in many states of Europe
and America has been much lessened. Mr. Jacob, how-
ever, is inclined to consider the diminution in the me-
tallic value of this substitute for coin to have been bat
trifling. In this, we think, we see many reasons for dif-
fering from him; but as we are anxious to avail ourselves
of his authority, we will not dispute the point, but take
his own calculation of the general stock of paper money
in circulation at both periods, as equivalent to
120,000,0001., from which, deducting one-third as the
average reserve of gold, there will remain 80,000,0004
to be added to the stocks of coin of the respective pe-
riods. 'We should thus have had a circulating medium.
in 1810, of 460,000,0001., and, in 1830, of 400,000,0004,
being a decrease of thirteen per cent.' And this, we are
convinced, is a statement of the decrease considerably
below the truth.
•' Having thus ascertained the direct falling off in the
supply of money, we come now to the consideration of
the increase is the demand for it, which will have been
proportioned to the increase that has taken place in
the general stock of commodities, to effect whose inter-
change money is required. If this should be thought t )
have only kept pace with what we know to have been
the increase in the population of Europe and America,
it will have amounted to thirty-two per cent. in the
twenty years, which, added to thirteen per cent. dimi-
nished in the mass of money, would cause a natural
and necessary fall of prices to the extent of forty-five per
cent. This rate of decline would, it is true, be liable to
counteraction from any circumstance which may have fa-
cilitated the circulation of money. But besides that we
see no reason for supposing the circulation of money at
present to be much more rapid, if at all so, than it was
in 1810; whatever allowance we might be led to make
on this ground would be Jar more than counterbalanced
by the lacreased production which has unquestionably
taken place beyond the proportion of the contem-
poraneous increase of the population, in this and
other states, by means both of the multiplied improve-
ments which have been effected in the arts of pro-
duction, and the diminished number of hands
which, since the peace, have been withdrawn from in-
dustrious occupation to recruit the national armies and
navies. Through these combined causes, it can scarcely
be diquted that production has not only not confined
itself to the same rate of increase as population, but
greatly outstripped it ; so that the allowance of thirty-
two per cent. is by much too low, and the total fall in
prices, which must, of nece►sity, have been occasioned by
the falling off in the supply of money, as compared to the
demand, since 1810, will appear to be above fitly, rather

than forty-five, per cent.
" This, let us recollect, is and priori conclusion,
founded solely on an examination of facts relating to
the comparative supply of money and of commodities,
and wholly independent of all reference to prices, as they
they have actually shown themselves. Now, let us
inquire, a posterior:, whether this view is confirmed by
the prices current of the period, which will, in fact, be
to put our argument to the test of the experimenturn
cruets. We need not, however, reintroduce here the
statements drawn from various sources et unquestion-
able authority, by which we formerly showed the ge-
neral decline of the money-prices of commodoties,
during the twenty years ending with 1830, to have
been altogether, at a very moderate estimate, fifty per
cent. Since the date of the article we refer to the de-
pression has continued to increase, nor is there the re-
motest ground for supposing that it has yet reached its
limit.
" Here, then, is a connexion between cause and ef-
fect, amounting, in force of evidence, to mathematical
demonstration. On the one hand we see a tepid falling off
in the amount of the money of the civilized world, while
the dem;lnd for it is as rapidly itcreasing; on the other,
we perceive that which reason tells us mu►t be the ne-
cessary consequence of this circumstance—a continuous
advance in the value of money as compared with goods,
in other words, a continuous tall of prices. It remains
for us to trace the elf' et of this advance on the interests
of society, and particularly of rs two leading divisions—
the productive and the unproductive classes."
In the above calculations the annual consumption of
gold and silver is estimated only at 5,600,0001., which
was the amount estimated by Adam Smith even in hi -
time. The Quarterly Review justly observer, "that no one
can doubt, however, that there has been an immense in-
crease in the quantity of both gold and silver annually con-
sumed fur purposes of ornament and luxury." " Mr.
Huskissou stated in his speech on 18th March, 1830, that
the quantity of wrought silver plate annually atsmptd
in England had increased more than twentyfold between
1804 and 1828."
From the above it will be seen that in all probability
the annual consumption of gold and silver at the present
time would more justly be taken at 10 millions sterling
than 6 millions, the amount even in Adam Smith's
time, and the real deficiency in the supply and stock of
the precious metals in 1830, as compared with 1810, was
much beyond Mr. Jacob's estimate, and should rather be
taken at 100 millions than 66 millions.
And from 1830 to the present time there can be no
doubt that there has been a further deficiency in the
supply as compared with the demand to a like extent,
so that in 1850 the supply of the precious metals would
be actually lose, as compared with 1810, by an amount
little it' at all less than 200 millions.
Thus it will be seen that even if California should
continue to produce as at present, it has a long lee way
w bring up before it can raise the amount of the pre-
cious metal, to the actual quantity that we had in 1610,
without taking into account tie much larger quantity
really r4quir, el, in consequence of the growth of popula-
tion and commodities, and to say nothing of correcting
the elllcts of the Bill of 1819.
The striking facts adduced by the Quarterly Review
show the utter want of information of the wary writers
on this subject.
In Nos. 85 and 94 of the Quarterly Review will be
found very complete statements on these interesting
subjects.

EXPERIMENTS WITH FIRE-ARMS.—The Lords t)
the Treasury have caused Sir C. Trevelyan, one of their
secretaries, to communicate to the proper authorities of the
revenue their Lordships' direction for the delivery, duty free,
of two muskets of foreign manufacture which have arrived
from Antwerp, consigned to Mr. Lovell, the inspector of
small arms, for the service of the Ordnance Department;
the same being intended to be used in the experiments with
small arms at present taking place.
MARGATE —THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.—It will
be in the recollection of many of our readers that a very
remarkable correspondence took place in May last between
the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Mr. Waddington,
surgeon, of Margate, relative to the capture of a whale by
some poor fishermen on the Long Sand. A few days since
the " Iron Duke" remitted, through the registrar of the
Cinque Ports the sum of 201. 2s. 6d. (the net proceeds
received by his Grace), with directions " That the amount
be divided equally among the old widows of sea-faring men
on the late Mrs. Sarah Kidman's bounty hst." On Wed-
nesday, the Ist of January, Messrs. Waddington, Brooke,
Kidman, and Rowe, four of the trustees of the benevolent
deceased, met at the London Hotel, and distributed to each
of thirty-three poor widows 12s. 2d. from his Grace the
Duke of Wellington, in addition to '2l. 7s. 10d. from the
bounty fund, altogether 81. each—a most kind and accept-
able " New Year's gift."—Canterbury Journal.
ItOBBERY OF SIXTY POUNDS IN THE STREET.—
Last Saturday evening, as early as six o'clock, James Hil-
ton, in the employ of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lin-
colnshire Railway Company, at the Sheffield station, was
robbed in the street of a serious sum of money, the property
of the railway company. A part of his duty was to pay
wages. On Saturday last he had the above sum in gold in
his possession for that purpose. A number of the men 711.01Eln_
he had to ay are engaged at the engine-shad,
Bridge_!hlcuLSsituated up the line nearly half a mile from the
pro-
where houses station. Hilton lives at the bhoistttoema,
ente _ and not
where he keeps a shop. He went to ro-
-frsseoqma eld. W
lane Harves-
ceed thence to the engine-shed. His way
tYr u d he n
was a long, dark, and narrow lane and aucnr
proceeding along the lane, which is
held
hind, in a powerful ras
ionf t el:Singe stt
lighted, he was seized from behind P . g p,
and robbed of a leathern purse coon g b
um etwe 60/. and
h was covered to preventen his crying
701. in gold. His mouth
out. The robbery, he states, was effected by three or four
of the transaction and the
men, but from the rapid _ posi-
tion in which he was held be could not obtain such a sight
of them as
to to enable him to describe them. They got
orcv before he c
clear cff with the mcould raise
found utcry, and
no traces of them whatever have yet been un— fluffield

Times.
ANOTHER DESTRUCTIVE CONFLAGRATION AT BER-
moNps,v.--This ni.orhitig about a quarter-past one o'clock
the Immediate neighbourhood of the Grange-road, 13er-
mondsg, was again thrown into a state of the greatest cm.-
fusionin consequence of the sudden outbreak of another de-
structive tire, which, before it was extinguished, consumed a
vast amount of valuable property. The disaster commenced
in a spacious two-story building, from CO to 80 feet long, oc-
cupied conjointly by Mr. Warren, a parchment-manufacturer,
and Mr. Thacker, a cooper, situate in Little George-street
South, Grange-road, Bermondsey, within a short distance of
the scene of the other devastating fires that have so fre-
quently alarmed the inhabitants of the neighbourhood. The
greater portion of the manufactory in which the misfortune
originated was partially, if not entirely destroyed, and the
furniture belonging to several of the surrounding neighbours
broken or seriously damaged by hasty removal and water.
It is understood that the property destroyed was insured.
BUENOS ATRES,--LITI.REOOL, 3/ONDAY.--By the
Sappho, we have advices from Buenos Ayres to the sth of
November. Exchange on England 765. per oz., or doubloon.
Freights for salted bides, 355. ; dry, 60s. Bales, 355, pI
er
ton
of 40 cubic feet.