The Sun.
London, England, 1851-09-23 00:00:00

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

The receipts yesterday amounted to 2,8631. Gs., the
number of visitors being 59,344.

It may be mentioned, as a curious illustration of
the desire felt among the humbler classes in the pro-
vinces to see the Exhibition, that a poor fisherwoman
from the parish of Paul, in Cornwall, named Mary
Calimack, aged 84, walked to London, a distance of
350 miles, for the purpose, occupying in the per-
formance of this pedestrian feat no less than five
weeks.

With reference to the last census returns, the Re-
gistrar-General has placed himself in communication
with the Royal Commission and the Executive Com-
mittee, believing that from the industrial classification
adopted at the Exhibition, important assistance may
be obtained as to the occupations of the population,
and other statistical information therein involved.
By receiving that classification as a standard, a
great uniformity and more perfect system of compa-
rative reference may be secured than at present
exists in some of our most valuable public returns.
The regulations to be observed in the removal of
goods from the building have been finally determined
on. The removal will commence on the 16th of
October, the doors opening each day at eight o'clock,
and the property being permitted to be taken out be-
tween nine o'clock and sunset. Each exhibitor will
have a permit granted to him, which will be available
for him or his agent, who must be personally present
for the time specified in it. Receipts will be taken
when goods are removed. The Executive, however,
throw upon the exhibitors themselves the entire re-
sponsibility of the removal, and promise only
auxiliary aid. They recommend all interested to
attend as early as possible, and make due arrange-
ments to insure the safety of their property ; and
they suggest r.s prudent that at every important
stall trustworthy persons should be placed to take
charge. Light valuable articles they advise to be
removed without repacking--,inNthe building, and
small glass cases within the first three days. The
period during which the removal is to be effected
will be limited by public advertisement, and all
goods remaining unclaimed after the date so fixed
will be appropriated as the Commission may direct.
During Saturday, and again yesterday afternoon,
the beam of hollow bricks and Portland cement, con-
structed by Messrs. Bailey, White, and Sons, at the
western extremity of the building, has been under-
going a trial of strength, which attracted a good deal
of attention. This brick beam was identical in size
with that of common bricks and Roman cement con-
structed at Nine Elms in 1836, and which, after
standing eighteen months, was broken down with a
weight of 50,6521 b. Its dimensions were 21 feet 4
inches, bearing between the piers 2 feet 3 inches
thickness at the bottom of the beam, and 1 foot 6
inches at the top, the height being 4 feet 2 inches.
The layers of hollow bricks, besides being joined with
Portland cement, were held together by thin bands of
iron passing through them, and the whole has re-
mained standing since the opening of the Exhibi-
tion, with an announcement attached that it
would be weighted and broken before the
close. Oa Saturday the supply of pig-iron
provided for this purpose failed, and the expe-
riment was renewed yesterday in the presence of Dr.
Ansted, Mr. Godwin, General Pasley, and others in-
terested. When the load placed ou the beam had been
increased to 62,8001 b. a crack was observed running
right up the centre, and two others at equal distances
on either side converging towards the centre as they
extended upwards. Then the abutments were thrown
out of the perpendicular, one to the extent of a foot,
the other an inch and a half. Finally the beam broke
right in half, the experiment terminating in the most
satisfactory manner for the reputation of hollow brick
constructions and Portland cement. It may be stated
as a curious fact in connexion with this supposed
new species of building material, that the use of
hollow bricks was well known to the Romans, and
con-
stant rtlteuinoisdaitowiovanesr.
astpletetwihmeaesnlosas,ritbguintmatohllmey
that in Tunis, at the present time, they are in
ieninnttet er
enasdetee dni
accidentally
ebsnuyteahtill;ae
cl 3 oenyt rti ob us
overlooked.

A balloon, without the aeronaut, descended a few
days since in Mecklenburgb. It has been ascertained that
it belonged to a person named Tardini, who made an ascent
at Copenhagen. After landing a lady and child from the
car, the machine rose rapidly from a place called Ama,:k, at
Copenhagen, and the aeronaut was never seen again. It is
supposed he perished in the Baltic, as the balloon must have
crossed the sea.

noon :
The United States' nail steam-ship Hermann,
Crabtree commander, sailedfrom New York on the
6th instant for Southaneton and Bremen, with
257,000 dolls. in species onfreight.
The Royal mail stearreship America, Shannon
commander, with the mailsof the 23d ult., arrived at
Boston on the 4th instant.
The United States' mil steam-ship Franklin,
\\Totten commander, whicheailed from Cowes at 6.30
A.M. on the 28th ult., arrivd at New Ycrk at 9.45
A.M. on the Bth instant.
On the 16th instant, at P. 30 A.M., the Asia passed
a large steamer, supposed to be the Washington,
from Southampton ; and or the 19th, at 6 A.M., she
passed the United States mail steam-ship Baltic,
hence for New York, 4111, hours out.
Advices from Valparaiso of the 25th of July an:
nounee the arrival at that port of the British mail
steam-ship New Grenacia, Roy commander, with
8,000,000 dolls. in silver bullion on freight.
Our miscellaneous advicea contain the report of
another meeting at New York of the promoters of the
Galway packet-station scheme. A new vessel of 400
tons burden recently passed through the Welland
°%“.1, hillen with leer for a railway in the Western
States. After discharging her cargo, et was eu toad
a cargo of staves at Bear Creek, on Lake St. Clair,
and thence proceed direct, without trans-shipment of
cargo, to Liverpool. This vessel is a regular seagoing
ship, copper. fastened, and in every other respect like
an ordinary ocean vessel, except that she has a slip
keel or centre board instead of the ordinary keel.
The immigration into New York for the eight months
ending with August was 192,836. The captain and
part :of the crew of an American whaler had been
massacred by the natives of a small island known as
M'Croskill'e, belonging to the group of the Ladrones.
By the steam-ship Empire City, which arrived at
New York on the 6th instant, we have the following
further particulars of the fate of Lopez and his expe-
dition, extracted from various papers :
"Havannah, for the last three days of August, had
been the the theatre of the most intense excitement
ever witnessed in the island of Cuba. On Saturday,
the 30th ult., the news reached Havannah of the cap-
ture of General Lopez and his forces ; and never was
news received with more joy and apparent satisfac-
tion. It was a day of jubilee and rejoicing; in the
evening the principal buildings in the city were illu-
minated, torchlight processions formed, &c. The
next day (Sunday), which is generally a holiday
there, was doubly so then in honour, as they said, of
the victory of the Spanish troops. Guns were fired
from morning to night. Shouts and vivas for Concha
and the Queen were continually offered. Lopez was
shot in effigy in different parts of the town. He was
dressed in the full uniform of a general, and under his
left arm was a game cock, and in his right hand a
pack of cards. The rabble amused themselves by
shooting at the effigy all day. Lopez was condemned
to be 'garroted' on Monday, the Ist of September.
On Sunday morning the war steamers Pizarro and
Isabella Catholics were dispatched to Bahia Honda
and Mariel, to bring up troops preparatory to the
execution. It was reported that the Pizarro had
gone down for Lopez, but it was afterwards ascer-
tained that he had been in the city all day, but
was kept perfectly quiet, in order to
prevent confusion. Late in the afternoon the
steamers Habanero, Almendares, Pizarro, and Isa-
bella Catholica, all arrived, loaded with troops, being
the remainder of those engaged in the several engage-
ments with Lopez. They were marched to the Plaza
de Hernas, where they were inspected by Concha,
after which they retired to their rendezvous, com-
pletely exhausted and tired out. At half-past six
o'clock on the Ist of September the troops were as-
sembled at the place of execution, which was at the
Ponta, at the entrance of the harbour, directly oppo-
site the Moro. There Were on the ground at the time
5,000 troops (3,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry), and
about 8,000 citizens. A few minutes before seven
Lopez was brought forward, and ascended a platform
about 15 feet high, on which was the chair of execu-
tion. He turned, and, facing the multitude assembled,
addressed them in a short speech, the conclusion of
which (and his last words) was, I die for my be-
loved Cuba.' tie then took his seat, the machine was
adjusted, and at one turn of the screw his head
dropped forward, and all that remained of him who
had so long been the terror and dread of the Cuban
Government was a cold, blecla and lifeless body. He
evinced not the slightest trembling or fear ; his step was
proud and firm, and his voice clear and distinct. A few
hisses and groans were heard from the crowd after
the execution ; save that everything was orderly and
quiet. There are in Havannah over 100 prisoners
(Lopez's men), who are to be sent to Spain for ten
years' confinement in a dungeon. The remainder of
the forces are supposed to have perished from hunger
and fatigue. From the report of the prisoners them-
selves their sufferings before capture were intense;
they say they lived several days on the leaves of trees,
and the last meal they had was from the horse of Ge-
neral Lopez, which they killed and divided among
themselves. Lopez, when taken, was wandering about
the country alone. There are various reports as to
the manner of his arrest. Some say he was captured
by dogs. Another report is, that he went to a farm-
house and asked for something to eat, and permission
to lie down, which was granted him. He fell asleep,
during which time the owner of the place obtained
the assistance of four men, who bound Lopez hand
and foot, and then dispatched a person to the nearest
rendezvous of troops, where he was made se-
cure. The prisoners say, that in no instance have
the Creoles of the island manifested the least
disposition to join the invaders. The number of
Spanish troops killed, wounded, and missing, is
2,000. Among the former is Enna, second in
command to Concha, and said to be one of the
best and bravest officers in the army. He was shot
through the thigh at the head of an advancing co-
lumn. The execution of Lopez had restored peace
and quiet to the island, and the excitement was rapidly
subsiding. From the many statements made by the
prisoners we make a few extracts, as calculated to
throw some light on the proceedings of the invading
force from the time it landed at Bahia Honda. With
regard to the designs of Lopez in this expedition, one
prisoner stated that the force which embarked in the
steamer Pamper() amounted to 600 men, exclusive of
several who joined it in the Mississippi river ; but,
the captain having announced that he could not carry
them all, a portion returned, leaving on board 480
men, they being all who disembarked at Morillo.
The first object was to go to the river St. John, and
effect a junction with an artillery force which was
waiting there, and then land at some point in the
central department; but, on touching at Key West
for stores, they were told of the revolt of the Yuelta
de Abajo. Lopez resolved to land there; but by a
mistake of the pilot they were taken before Ma-
tanzas, and were obliged to return before Havannah,
in order to land at the port of Artigosa ; but
were prevented from this by the frigate Espe-
ranza. The officers of the expedition were Narciso Lo-
pez, Col. Pragay, the Hungarian, Colonel Crittenden,
and two others named Linds and Clinton. The
captain of the company to which the deponent be-
longed was Ildefonso Oberto: he was killed at Las
Pozas. It was the intention of Lopez to establish a
Cuban Republic, relying on the insurrection of the
Creoles and the good will of the troops. The events
which took place after the landing were as follow :
They disembarked on the shore at Morillo, at eleven
o'clock at night on the 11th inst., with but a slight
opposition ; the shore was deserted and the store open
and forsaken. Having left about 200 men under
Colonel Crittenden, in charge of the unnecessary arms
and provisions, the remainder of the expedition, tinder
Narciso Lopez, advanced to Las Pozas ; the few
countrymen fled as they came up, and on arriving at
Las Pozas they found the town abandoned ; nor could
the inhabitants be persuaded to return. The next day
they were attacked by the Spanish troops, who were
repulsed. Lopez was left in possession of the place,
with the loss of Colonel Pragay, another colonel,
whose name he had forgotten, Captain Oberto, and
some fifty men killed and wounded. Finding they
did not meet with the expected sympathy from the
people, and were attacked by the troops on whose
co-operation they had relied, they determined to
take to the mountains. With this intention
they started for Pinar del Rio, but, by the blunder
or treachery of the guide, were conducted to the coffee
estate of Fries, where they had another rencontre
with the troops. This resulted in the loss of four or
five men, which reduced the force at Fries to 220
men, twelve or fourteen being wounded; with these
they passed to 13Tgo, where they spent the night,
and the next morning went to Martitorena, where they
were surprised as they were breakfasting by the
Spanish troops,
and completely dispersed. Over 100
secreted themselves in the forest, one-third without
arms, where they remained for four days, with no food
but a horse, some corn, and wild plantains. Coming
to a road, the deponent left the rest in order to write
to his mother. lie went to a hacienda for that pur-

The brig Potosi, of Portland, had been seized at
Havannah for an attempt made by her officers to
smuggle a quantity of powder on shore. The captain
and mate were in prison. A doubtful report, ema-
nating from Savannah, states that 300 of the prisoners
had been executed.
The Washington correspondent of the New York
Herald says :—" It is understood that measures have
been taken by the Government for the reclamation of
the American prisoners at Havannah;" but we doubt
the truth of this statement.

The result of the expedition had considerably cooled
the enthusiasm of the New Orleans agitators, and all
thoughts of a further invasion had been abandoned.
Some slight disturbances had occurred among the
" liberators" collected in the city.

OFFICIAL DISPATCHES.
(From the Washington Republic of Sept. 9.)
A dispatch was received at the Navy department
yesterday from Commodore Platt, of the United
States' sloop-of-war Albany, dated Havannah, Sept.
1, stating that io reply to a request from him that he
might be permitted to visit the Americans who ac-
companied Lopez's expedition, and who had surren-
dered or been captured and brought into Havannah,
be received the following reply from the Captain-
General :

(Translation.)
"Havannah, Aug. 27, 1851.
" Sir,—l have received the letter which you ad-
dressed to me this day, soliciting my permission to
hold an interview with the prisoners who have been
brought to this port, and who formed a part of the in-
vading expedition which attacked this island.
"I inform you, i❑ reply, that I order the command
of her Majesty's frigate Esperanzi, on board of which
the prisoners are, to admit you, at any hour at which
you may present yourself, to hold the desired inter-
view, with permission to remain with the prisoners so
long as you may find it convenient; and I avail my-
self of this occasion to assure you of the esteem
which your noble conduct and frank and honourable
character entitle you to from me.
"I am, therefore, with all respect,
" Your obedient servant, Stc.,
"JOSE DE LA CONCHA.
" Charles J. Platt, -Esq., commanding United States
sloop-of war Albany, and Senior Officer of the
Naval Forces of the United States in this port."
And that, availing himself of this permission, Cap-
tai❑ Platt, accompanied by Lieutenant William
Rogers Taylor, visited the prison in which these un-
fortunate men were confined, and received from them
a narrative of the fatal expedition, as follows :
" Extract of Dispatch to the Navy Department from
Commander Charles T. Platt, commanding United
States ship Albany, dated llavaunah, Sept. 1.

" The followers of Lopez having been entirely dis-
persed, and a number of prisoners reported as brought
to this place on the 27th ult., I addressed a letter
to the Captain-General, requesting permission to
hold an interview with any Americans who might
be among them. This permission was readily ac-
corded in a reply which is inclosed. The interview
was postponed until the morning of the 30th, the
prisoners having in the meantime been transferred
to the castle of the Punta, and some accessions
having been made to their number. The comman-
dant of the castle informed me that the whole number
of prisoners was 57, of whom about 30 or 35 were
Americans, as we learned from themselves. This
officer was present throughout the interview. Another
gentleman, who was introduced as Inspector of
Prisons, cam' in during its continuance, and re-
mained until its close. The prisoners were heavily
ironed, were clad ID a prison uniform, and had their
hair closely cut. They were confined in an arched
gallery, to which access was had through two grated
doors, the inner one being entirely of iron. In the
little anteroom between the two doors lay the gar-
ments worn by the prisoners at the time of their con-
finement.

" On our entrance, the Americans were ordered to
advance to the front, and all foreigners were sent to
the other end of the cell. Inquiry being made for the
officers, the following presented themselves, via.:--
" James A. Kelly, of New Orleans, formerly of
Bayou Sara, who held the rank of captain in the ex-
pedition.
" Robert M. Grider, of New Orleans, a native of
Kentucky, a lieutenant in the same.
" J. D. Baker, of -, also a lieutenant.
" No other officer of the expedition presented him-
self. They were informed that I had obtained per-
mission to visit them, and that my object was to obtain
from them any information they might choose to give,
which would be forwarded to the Government of the
United States, and perhaps might be the means of
deterring others of our countrymen from placing
themselves in the same deplorable situation. They
were told distinctly that they were in the power of the
Spanish Government, and that nothing could be done
for them as Americans, inasmuch as the President's
proclamation had declared that any persons joining an
invading force would thereby forfeit the protection of
the Government of the United States. This was said
to prevent their forming any false hopes from my visit.
" The information obtained was given in the pre-
sence of the entire party by the aforesaid officers, and,
being uncontradicted by any of them, may be re-
garded as the testimony of the whole.
" They stated that the expedition sailed from New
Orleans in the steamer Pampero. They were not sure
of the exact number composing it, but thought it was
48i; that it certainly did not amount to 500. Before
landing at Cuba they anchored near Key West, where
they remained several hours, and were visited by some
citizens of that place. They landed in Cuba about
two o'clock in the morning of the 12th of August.
Their first fight took place on the 13th. From that
period they had lost all recollection of dates. They
had five engagements, hut could not tell how many of
their number had been killed. They were armed with
condemned muskets, had no rifles ; but many indivi-
duals had revolvers and knives. They brought with
them 60,000 cartridges, and captured many more after
landing. They had no artillery. Soon after landing
they found they had been deceived, and became anxi-
ous to return home. They had been informed before
sailing, that fourteen towns were in possession of the
patriots' (to use their own language), and that the
whole island was in A state of revolution. They sup-

.dition. -
"Colonel Dowseman was'second in command, and
was killed on the 13th.
" Colonel William Scott Haynes, of Tenesee, was
another leader. According to their best belief he was
still in the mountains.
" Colonel Crittenden had been an officer of the
United States army during the war with Mexico.
" A Hungarian named Pragay, who acted as Ad-
jutant-General, was mortally wounded on the 13th.
"It is matter of regret that so imperfect a narra-
tive has been obtained from these unfortunate men.
In the excitement of the moment many would speak
at once, and to some questions it was difficult to get
a satisfactory answer, on account of the eagerness of
all to give it. •
"At the request of the commandant of the castle,
the prisoners were asked if they had had the benefit
of medical attendance since their confinement. They
replied that they had. They were also asked if they
had been provided with two meals a day, and whether
they had bread and coffee for breakfast. Some said
that they had, but others replied that they had no
coffee. The commandant immediately inquired the
reason of his subordinate, who stated that those who
had been confined there on the previous evening
came too late to be provided for on that morning; but
that they would have their allowance of coffee at din-
ner. He stated that the others had been provided for
according to the order.
" It may be proper to add that the prisoners ap-
peared to be in good health, and by no means so much
reduced as their exposure and hardships would seem
to warrant. They even appeared to be cheerful, which
may have been the effect of relief from a condition of
far greater anxiety and suffering experienced during
their wanderings upon the island.
" The whole number of prisoners, including those
not yet brought to liavannah, is officially stated to be
about 130:'
The steam-ship Prometheus arrived at New York
on the 4th from San Juan, with 350,000 dolls. in
specie, and advices from San Francisco to the 31st of
July. She brought the passengers of the steam-ship
Independence, which left San Francisco at the end of
the month. A writer describing the Nicaragua route
says :
" The transit by this route is about to open under
the most flattering auspices, and everything is pre-
pared to conduct it in a manner which will insure its
durability. Steamers are on the river prepared to take
three passengers who left New York on the 13th
inst. in the Prometheus. The road from Virgin-bay
on the lake side to San Juan del Sud, on the Pacific,
about twelve miles long, is in a good state, and can
be travelled over on good mules in about three hours.
This road is intended to be widened, and we may ex-
pect in a few months to see carts laden with goods
traversing it backwards and forwards. Passengers
will be carried from the Atlantio to the Pacific in
about four days, and from the Pacific to the Atlantic
in about thirty-six hours. We learn from reliable
authority that in the course of the next three months
a route of a permanent character will be established
between Realejo and Grenada. It is contemplated to
stock it with horses and coaches, so as to convey pas-
sengers from ocean to lake in the course of twenty-
four hours. It will be done without at all interfering
with the privileges granted to the canal company.
San Juan do Nicaragua is reported to be quite
healthy. The steamers Henry L. Bulwer and John
M. Clayton are running regularly on the San Juan
river. The revolution in Nicaragua has given that
state two Governments, two Presidents, and two
Cabinets.
From California we have still later intelligence by
the Georgia, which arrived at New York on the 6th.
She brought San Francisco dates to the 2d ult., end
1,500,000 dolls. on freight, besides 400,000 dolls. in
the hands of passengers. The steam-ship Oregon
was expected at Panama with 1,800,000 dolls. on her
freight-list.
We extract the following summary of Californian
news from a late San Francisco paper :
" The events of the past two weeks are of a less ex-
citing character than those embraced in the summary
of the last steamer. No great outrage has occurred
to heighten the excitement in the public mind; the
subsisting excitement has abated. Under the Ame-
rican criminal code which took effect on the Ist inst.,
and which allows a jury a discretion to punish,
either with imprisonment or by death, those guilty of
arson, robbery, burglary, &c. (among many other
rigorous but necessary provisions), a few trials have
been had; among the most conspicuous of which is
that of Robinson, Gibson, and Thompson, convicted
at Sacramento of the robbery of James Wilson, and
condemned to death. It is hoped that the courts will
act promptly, and in the spirit of this law, so that no
instance may occur in which it may be deemed ne-
cessary, by any of our courts, to resort to extra-
judicial punishments. The reports from the mining
districts are more favourable than at any period dur-
ing the present year, and the shipments of gold for
August and September will doubtless far exceed those
of any previous month. The most remarkable fea-
tures of our mining operations are the very numer-
ous undertakings, by companies, all along the veins
and tributaries, to divert the waters from their
channels, the extensive canals on the tribu-
taries of Calaveras, Tuolumne, American, and
-Yuba, to carry water upon places known to be rich,
but without water ; and, lastly, the fair prospects of
a practical and successful beginning of quartz mining
with heavy improved machinery. The unprece-
dentedly low stage of water in all the rivers has been
especially favourable to enterprises of the first class;
many damming companies are already at work in the
beds of the various streams, which have been exposed
for miles, and some rich deposits have been struck ;
and there is a prospect of a still further fall of the
river for the next three months. The canal projects,
at first on a limited scale, and successful, have been
undertaken on a large plan, and with a heavy capital.
That for turning the South Fork of the American
several miles through the bills to the valleys and
gulches about Placerville is the most gigantic one on
foot, and the company is about to be organized, with
such confidence that the stock, from a quarter to half
a million, will be readily taken by the miners in that
vicinity. There is increased confidence in the ultimate
success of quartz mining, and the belief is every day
becoming more general that this will become the
great and permanent source of gold. The age
of prospecting is past ; combined capital and
labour, directed by systematic and scientific prin-
ciples, will succeed, where a blind trust in fortune and
in individual efforts has failed. The subject of agri-
culture is beginning to attract considerable interest.
Although the past winter and spring were unusually
dry, experiments have proved eminently successful,
and there is a desire among many who came here as
mere sojourners to settle permanently in California,
and gather around them the comforts of a home. It
is estimated that there are already 20,000 persons
settled and devoted to agricultural pursuits. The
Indian hostilities have ceased on the southern and
eastern borders, and broken out on the northern
frontier. A military expedition, under command of
General J. M. Estell, will accompany the Indian
Commissioners in their tour of negotiations to Clear
Lake, thence to the sources of the Sacramento. Afar
Klamath
which they will proceed to River. The
hostile Indians on Been ,'s River have been dispersed,
but not subdued. Navigation on the upper rivers is
suspended on account of the low stage of water.
There are about 150 substantial brick houses in San
Francisco, nearly all of which have been erected
since the fire in May, and extensive preparations are
in progress for the manufacture of brick and the
quarrying of atone to fulfil numerous contracts of
this kind. Two companies of overland immigrants
have arrived in the mines from Illinois, Michigan, and
Wisconsin, 4, Ore occurred ia Sacramento city 04