The Sun.
London, England, 1856-09-20 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 20, 1856.

THE INSURRECTION IN CHINA.

The following intelligence is published by the
Augsburg Gazette, from a correspondent at Hong
Kong :
The Court Herald of Pekin, a sort of Chinese Illonileur.
of which the last mail has brought us a number of ex-
tracts, admits that of the eighteen provinces composing tilt
proper empire of China, more than half are now scoured
by bands of rebels. There are the provinces Kiangsi,
Kiangsu, Nganhoey, Hupe, Hunan, Honan, Shantong,
Ssetshuen, Kuangsi, Kuangtong, and Yunnan. The leaders
of the rebellious troops, which amount to somewhere about
100,000 fighting-men, take different titles, but all pro-
claim their allegiance to Hienfong, the son of Heaven, and
threaten to disperse to the four winds whatever forces the
Mandshoos and the Mandarin pnrty may send against
them by land or sea. How many of the insurgent troops
roam about under one banner, and how many are at Nan
kin acting in concert with the pacific dynasty of the
" younger brother of Jesus Christ," cannot be positively as-
certained, although the sectarians at the Yang-tse-kiang are
strictly distinguished in the official reports by their nick-
name of heretic-iebels (Kiao-fi) from the other mutineers,
who destroy no idols, and who belong to one of the three
recognised religions; which are the doctrine of Confucius,
that of the Laotse, and that of Buddha ; and the former are
also stated to be especially dangerous. In January of the
present year (1856) we find from the reports published in
the Court Herald, the main body of the rebels was still at
Nankin, at Tchinkiang, and along the entire lower course
of the Yang-tae-kiang. Their. left wing-extended beyond
Vutshang (30 deg. 45 min. 30 sec. north, and 2 deg. 15 min.
of Pekin), their right wiiig as far as Lntshao 131 deg. 56
min. 57 sec. north, and 0 deg. 46 min. 50 sec. east of Pekin)
in the province of Nganhoey. Numerous other hordes,
who appeared to have nothing in common with th,
" younger brother of Jesus Christ," were roaming about in
thenorthern parts of theproviuces Nganhoey and Kiangsu,
and in the north-eastern valleys of Honan. They were
committing frightful atrocities. The western province
Ssetshuen suffered from the inroads of Thibetan tribes;
the aborigines also, called Miaotse, had risen in large num-
bers, and called themselves, as a watchword of their insur-
rection, Mingshin, that is, people of the Ming dynasty.
These aborigines of the central kingdom live, like the
Chond in the Deccan, and the Carin in Birmah, on the out-
skirts of civilisation ; by which they are driven back into
their wild mountainous retreats. We find them mentioned
by name in the State register of the central kingdom ; and
described therein with a particular account of their customs
and habits, which are further illustrated by pictorial repre-
sentations. In the province of Ssetshuen there are 269
resident clans; in Kuangsi, 46; in Junnan, 50; and in
Kueitsheoo, 81. A strong division of this interesting
primitive population, which still perhaps lives as the in-
habitants of the central kingdom did before the times
of Yao and Shun, has long been acting with the rulers
of Nankin. The Court Herald distinguishes them
likewise from the other Miaotse by the appellation of
Kiacefi heretical rebels. Other insurgents and hordes of
banditti infested the eastern provinces of Shantong and
Honan ; even the province of Petshili, in which' Pekin is
situate, was visited occasionally by armed bans, who stop-
ped and plundered the officials and professors on their way
to court. At Yunnan, not far from the south-western
frontier of the empire, the Hoei bad taken up arms, declar-
ing it was impossible to support any longer the oppression
of the Mandarins. This lamentable state of things in the
empire had become considerably worse in the course of the
months of February, March, and April. The surging
waves of revolution mounted higher and higher. "At
the confines of the provinces of Honan and Nganhoei," so
we translate a passage of the report sent in to the minister
of secret police at Pekin, and which is printed in the
Court Herald of April, 1856, "fresh bands of rebels have
appeared. They received reinforcements from the south,
particularly from the bands driven out of Kuangtong ;
and hereupon they raised their peculiar banner, which
displays five different colours, and their leaders pro-
claimed themselves to be kings (Wang), and instituted a
kinder government. The imperial troops have repeatedly
attacked these usurpers, and have been as often defeated.
The authorities have been massacred and the people sub-
jected to every kind of atrocity. From Nganhoei in a
westerly direction to Honan is a circuit of 6) geographical
miles, these rebels lord it over the whole country. Every
village has been reduced to ashes, and corpses lie scattered
about in all directions. The recruiting officers of the in-
surgents traverse the land with their standards, and call
the multitude to arms, so that the force of these rebels
alone is now more than 100,000 strong. The troops placed
under the orders of the provincial authorities can hardly
amount to one-fifth of that force. Under such circum-
stances it is an easy thing for the insurgents to play the
master everywhere. Unfortunately, also, the waters of
the Yellow River have caused great damage, whereby
many men have lost their homes and all the property they
possessed. In utterdespair thesejoin the ranks of the rebels,
and scour the country in every direction." There was a
good deal of fighting in the neighbourhood of Nankin and
Tchinkiang during the months of May and June. The Tai
Ping remained victors, the Imperialists were compelled to
raise the siege, and their enemies now make incursions as
far as the district immediately round Shanghai. The sue-

cess of the robber hordes and rebels was no less decisive

Ln several of the eastern and western provinces, hut tha

details of these engagements would lead us too far, and
would be of little interest to the European reader. It

important that the Mandshoos are now themselves con-
vinced of their inability to subdue these increasing forces
of the rebels by means of the regular army. A decree of
the Emperor Hienfong, of March 25, calls to arms all the

males of the Mongol clans who dwell south of the Gobi

desert, which clans are named by the Chinese, the Inner
Mongols. The chiefs of these clans aro to hasten rapidly
to the assistance of their liege lord, who is now so dis-
tressed at Pekin, and who amongst his other titles is also
the Chakan of all the Mongols. These chiefs are to bring
with them the whole of their retainers. Respecting the
numbers and available strength of these Mongols the Chi-
nese Government has, for the last 43 years, published no
statistical data. The last registers appeared in the year
1812. In these the Mongols subject to the "most pare
dynasty" were classified in 47 clans, who again are subdi-
vided into 190 banners or military divisions. These are
the 21 Aimak or clans of the Inner Mongols south of the
Gobi desert, or shamo ; the six clans of the Outer or
Chalks, Mongols north of the desert, the 5 clans of Koko-
nor, or Blue Lake, and the remaining 12 clans scattered
over various parts. The men capable of bearing arms in
all there Mongolian tribes subject to the Mandshoo dynasty
were then estimated at 274,215.

The situation of affairs again seems very threatening in
the province of Kwangtong. The Hong Kong pipers can
give us direct and reliable news from that quarter ; but
movements in the other part of the empire are only known
by vague reports, or else by the Pekin Gazette, which con-
ceals the truth, at least in part. It not unfrequently
happens that whole crowds of Chinese leave their places of
abode, for this or that reason, and settle in other districts,
where they take plots of ground on lease for several years.

These leaseholders, provided they pay the ground-rent

punctually according to their agreement, cannot legally be
ejected. They are frequently, nevertheless, sent adrift by
their greedy landlords, which is a constant source of quar-
rels between the Punti, or natives, and the settlers, called
Kikia in High Chinese, but Hakkas in the Canton dialect.
The entire north-western part of the province of Canton is
now a scene of the most bloody disorders, just as Ireland
was a few years ago, between the Punti and the Hakkas.
A friend of ours (says the China Mail of July 10), who
visited the western coast a short time ago, found whole die.
tricts in the hands of rebellious Hakkas. The atrocities per-
petrated by these people surpass all belief ; children and
women above 30 years of age are collected in numbers and
crammed into houses, which are then set fire to ; the
younger woraeu and girls they carry off as captives. The
females of these ferocious combatants, hardened by a life
of exposure in .the fields, take a very active part in
these frightful scenes. Eye-witnesses state that they are
far more cruel than the men. In the province of Kuangsi,
which has been many years in a disordered state, and from
which Hong Sintsiuen marched out to conquer the empire,
the rebellion has raised its head kigher than ever. There
the Imperialists have lost several battles. The fugitives,
on reaching Canton, gave out that the rebels were in hot
pursuit, and would shortly appear before the gates of this
provincial capital; but these reports were exaggerated.
Several functionaries of high rank in various provinces
have committed suicide in despair, because they felt their
inability to check and put a stop to these frequent con-
flicts and horrors, which we are here only superficially
&Undies to. Trade is at a stand at Shanghai, according
to letters from the merchants, who are afraid lest the
place should again be taken possession of by the insurgents.
The roads in the surrounding country are so unsafe, that
the new silk and the tea of this year are brought to mar-
ket only very scantily. Opium has fallen in price, partly
on account of the increasing growth of the poppy in China
itself, On which subject a memoir by Dr. MacGowan was
read at the last meeting of the Asiatic Society, on the 18th
of June. These circumstances excite in the minds of the
English in three different quarters an uncomfortable and
anxious feeling. This feeling is entertained, firstly, by
the rulers of India, who derive large profits from the ex-
portation of the opium poison, and to whom it is especially
important now when their budget is suffering, from a de-
ficit—which deficit, by the bye, has been considerable of
late years, not because the Anglo-Indian empire flourishes
less, but because its sagacious rulers are laying out large
sums on public works, which can only yield a return
when they shall have been completed. In the financial
year of 1853.1851 this deficit amounted to 2,041,1171:,
and in the following year to 1,708,6271. sterling. The

:ion.

President of the Board of Control, in other words, the
Indian Minister, gave his estimate of the debit for
the two years (1855-56 to 1856.57) as 3,209,7421., which
sum, to all appearance, will yet fall below the mark.
Again, the English merchants complain of the diminished
demand for their goods in China, and are apprehensive of
ultimately losing wholly some branches of their trade, the
loss having already commenced on the articles consumed
ny smokers. The Russians also, who for some years past
have not been able to obtain remunerative prices for the
furs they sent to the Shanghai market, now forward them
to New York, where the sale is profitable. Consequently
in that, the second commercial capital of the world,
,everal wealthy houses have joined to acquire a mono-
poly of the fur trade. If the Hudson's Bay Company b 3
inclined, as is reported, to sell a part of their rights to
the Union, the plan of these speculating Americans at
New York may easily be carried out. It is to this object
we must refer an act of the last Congress at Washington,
whereby the executive is empowered to obtain a correct
settlement of the boundary line between England and
North America, agreeably to the first article in the Ore-
gon treaty of 1846. Lastly, the English bankers com-
plain of the continued efflux of the precious metals, both ,
coinage and bullion, to the East Indies and to China
In the first half-Year of 1856 this drain to Malta, Egypt,
India, and China, amounted to 5,100,6331., of which
only 201,7251. was in gold, the whole sum being an excess
of 2,586,627/. over the first half-year of 1855. The export-
ation in the second ball-year seems, however, to be still
greater. By the last mail alone (Sept. 4) there was sent
from England, and 4aujr,eglish account, 835,400 t., of which
only 26,800 Z. was in gold, the rest in dollars, to the East,
for China—a fact very naturally to be explained by the
high rate of exchange. If they reckon the dollar in Canton
at 3a., this is nearly two florins of convention money. The
so-called Carolus dollar stood so high at Shanghai in the
beginning of June that the East India Company, for bills on
India, demanded 355 rupees per 100 dole., equal to about
446 florins of our currency. At Canton, where dealings are
always made in common dollars, the discount was 32 per
cent. All these disadvantages are, rightly enough, partly
ascribed in England and America to the endless confusion
in the East. The attentive observer who has any know-
ledge of the subject must long have perceived an uneasy
tone prevailing in the leading public organs of these
two great commercial nations, sometimes on the question
of the Montehoo dynasty and its mandarins, sometimes
on that of the rebels and the so-called pirates. They would
fain mix themselves up with those deeds of utter rout and
*infusion, not for the sake of humanity—that is a mere
pretext—but for their own advantage. This interference
would have taken place long ago, if they had not been re-
strained on either side of the Atlantic by their awful appre-
hension of the incalculable results of such an act. But
here too, circumstances, or natural laws, will gain the
victory over man's will, and drag the irresolute violently
along. The Cbipose, now that their empire stands with
one foot in the moving current of the world, henceforth
cannot obtain peace from within, as they formerly did so
often. The Anglo-Saxons must and will interfere ; that
is clear. How and when they do so will depend on events,
perhaps on trivial eventualities.

COLLISION ON THE STOUR VALLEY _RAILWAY.

A frightful collision between an express train on this
line of railway and a goods train occurred near the Old-
bury station, Worcestershire, on Wednesday night. The
down express train, due at Olbury and Bromfield-lane
station shortly after half-past 8 o'clock on 'Wednesday
night, was proceeding at a rapid pace towards the sta-
tion, when within 600 yards of it it ran into an engine
engaged in shunting a goods train on the main line of
rails. The collision was fearful; both engines were thrown
off the line, the buffer plank and other parts of the en
gine torn to pieces, and several passenger carriages and
goods trucks were also smashed, the rails themselves
being partially torn up. The passenger train consisted of
three carriages, and the number of paSsengers did not ex-
ceed 20. All were wore or less injured, and some, it is
feared, fatally; but up to the time of the reporter's writing
no deaths had takeh place. Toe driver of the passen-
ger train, seeing a e was unavoidable, jumped
from his engine and received some very severe injuries,
and is in a critical condition. The stoker of the pas-
senger engine, however, and also the driver and stoker of
the goods engine stuck to their posts, and escaped with a
few bruises. The cries of the injured passengers were
fearful, but all were removed and surgical assistance
was afforded as promptly as possible. The following is
a list of the injured

J. Bolton, driver of the passenger train, lacerated and
contused wound over the nose and left eye, with other
minor injuries, and general shock to the system.
Mrs. Turner, of Kates-hill, Dudley, dangerously in•
jured, sancuslion of the brain, contused and lacerated
wounds on the face, neck, and shoulders.
_ _

Mr. Marmon, merchant, Dudley, severe injury of the
chest, but whether any ribs are broken is not yet ascer-
tained.

Sarah Sherlock, servant, Dudley, injury of the left
leg and bath knees; depression from fright and conous-

Mrs. Hughes, innkeeper, Kingswinford, kneecap
broken and other irjuries.
Betsy Llewellyn, aged 12 years, of Kates-hill, Dud.
ley, concusbion.

W. Steel, glass-cutter, Brettel-lane, severe injury of
,he shoulder.

Mr. J. Dew, commercial traveller, Walsall, extensive
contusion of the right leg.
Mr. T. Bray, traveller, Birmingham, severe contusion
of the right leg and knee.
Mr. W. Lovett, Dock, Dudley, dislocated shoulder.
Mr. S. Higgins, of Netherton ; Mr. J. Granger, of
Netherton; and r. H. Brindley, of Wolverhampton,
were also much shaken and bruised.
Two surgeons, Mr. Beatty and Mr. Cooper, were
promptly on the spot, and rendered valuable assistance
and advice to the sufferers, who were conveyed to the
o!dbury station, where every requisite accommodation
wac provided by Mr. Beswick, the station-mater.
Mr. Turner and Sarah Sherlock were conveyed to
the R.at Inn near, and the passengers resident at
Dudley and Netherton were conveyed thither by a spe•
cial train. Assistance being obtained the line was solo
cleared and the traffic resumed.

The cause of the accident is traceable to the ras'mess
of the parties who permitted the goods train to get upon
the line at the moment when the express was due. It
appears that a down Dudley train was due at Oldbury
at 8 20, and passed in proper time, at 8 25. Immediately
afterwards, although there were only 12 minutes to
spare, the down express being duo at 8 32 the engine of
the goods train with a long train of 20 or 30 trucks left
the siding, and got on the down line. Along this line
the engineer backed his train in order to get on the up
line at Oldbury. The goods train had just left the siding,
and the engine was endeavouring to back the trucks,
which was a difficult task, owing to the blipperiness of
the rails from a fail of rain, when the express train came
up and dashed into the goods train with a fearful crash.
It appears that the danger signals were hoisted to warn
the approaching express train of the obstacle, but it is
said that the engine driver (Bolton) did not perceive
them until too late to avoid a collision.

The officials, of courie, will institute an inquiry, for
the accident will coat the company no inconsiderable
Fum in compensation to parties injured and in damage
to the line and rolling stock. It is almost feared that
an official inquiry of another character wi,it result, two
or three of the passengers being in a very critical state

WHAT A DOG DOES WITH HIS TATA —What an absurd
as well as barbarous act to cut off a dog's tail ; you
might just as well cut out his tongue. In fact, a dog
talks far less with his tongue than he does with his tail.
With his tail a dog expresses not only gratitude, as F.do
did, but hope, entreaty, complacence, affection, love,
obedience, wrath, shame, defiance, fear, and frolic. It
is clear, then, that in depriving a dog of his tail, you
deprive him of an organ of speech. —Blackwood for
September.

GROSS CASH OF CRUELTY.—At the Devon County
Sessions, on Thursday, before Sir John Duckworth,
Bait., chairman, the wife of a respectable farmer, named
Grids, residing near Slapton, in the south of Devon,
was charged with assaulting and ill-treating her servant
girl, nein, d Fanny Square Keys, an intelligent child, 14
years of age. Mr. Bere was counsel for the prosecution,
and Mr. Carter defended the prisoner. It appeared that
the girl Keys had been a pauper in the Kingsbridge
union, whence the prisoner took her as her servant. She
had "to tend the pigs and calves and to look after a
little child." At the beginning of hay harvest the pri-
soner knocked the poor child's arm with a large stick
and broke one of the bones ; and on cue occasion, be-
cause she put some parings of leeks into the fire, that
being an unlucky thing to do, according to the prisoner's
opinion, Mrs. Grills took the saucepan from the fire and
eb,t the child on the hot irons upon which the saucepan
had rested, scalding her so severely that the skin was
broken. On another occasion, because she did not do
something that she was told, the prisoner made her ex-
tend her band and inflicted several blows upon it with
the fl :►t part of a knife, but while doing so the edge of
the instrument struck three of her fingers and cut them
severely. About the same time the prisoner beat her
over the head with a large stick, which caused her head
to swell very much ; after that she took the poor girl
into the dairy, knocked her legs and pulled her hair, and
when she cried out the prisoner thrust her hand into her
mouth and scratched her gums so as to make them bleed.
She had continually beaten the girl on the head and
shoulders in the most brutal manner, and when the re-
lieving.officer came one day she told him, by the prise-
ner'e orders, that she was very well treated and liked
her place, but she said she did this because she was sn
much afraid of her mistress. One of the witnesses for
the prosecution, being a friend of the prisoner's, refused
to give evidence, and a fine of 51. was inflicted on her.
The evidence of the girl was corroborated by several
witnesses, and the defence was that she was a dirty, slat-
ternly girl, and that she had not been chastised so se-
verely as alleged. The jury, however, found the priso-
ner guilty, and she was sentenced to six months' impri-
sonment.

ENGLAND AND FRANCE.

At the free trade banquet given by the Council
General of the Herault at Montpelier on Saturday
M. Michel Chevalier made an interesting speech in
proposing the health of Queen Victoria. He said
"Few reigns, indeed, have bees marked by achieve-
ments so considerable and so happy. To recount, even
in the most summary manner, all the great things that
have been done under this reign would he the work of long
hours. Abroad, for example, one would have to speak
of those conquests in far distant regions which had ag
grandised the Anglo Indian empire—conquests which
humanity might applaud without reserve, for they had
had for their effect to substitute for the inept, extortion-
ate, and cruel Government of the native princes the mild
and equitable rule of a European nation distinguished
for its intelligence and morality. Further off still
than India the Tartar hordes who had conquered China
had been forced by the power of the English arms to
abandon that policy of absolute isolation by which they
had kept down 350,000,000 of intelligent and in
dustrious men. After a reference to the rapid colo-
nisation of Australia and to the present peaceful state of
Ireland, where the people, without having purck sed
the privilege by any social or political sacrifice, rr s-d
the religion of .their fathers, which was not Vitt of the
State, M. Chevalier said he would not, for want of time,
continue further to enumerate the' titles of Queen Vic-
toria to the respect and gratitude of the civilised world,
but would come at once to the topic on which they felt
wore particularly interested':—Under Queen Victoria's
Government an entire chasige hal been wrought in the
policy of England. The English policy with regard to
Franca had been based unon the aphorism that the pro-
sperity and greatness of England were incompatible with
ours ; and in the Cabinet of Versailles, quite as much as
in the Cabinet of St. James's, it was a principle, a maxim,
an article of faith, that for France to be great England
mutt be lowered. These narrow-minded doctrin. a, which
had caused so much blood and so many tears to be shed,
were now repudiated. He thought there had never
been a political event which enlightened minds and
generous souls could so heartily rejoice in having been
witnesses of as this transformation in the ideas of Euro-
pean Cabinets, and more especially the harmonious and
sympathetic accord between England and France. The
friendship of France and England was, in the words of
the poet, 'a present from the gods,' not only to each
nation, but also to the world, for it was the most solid
guarantee for.tbe repose of the universe, and the best
pledge of general peace. It was also a pledge of general
progress, for two peoples so great could Not be associated

and it but for the accomplishment of great design-,
and the maintenance of justice upon the earth. The
Eastern war had written the proof of this in characters
of iron and fire. Queen Victoria had pursued this ac-
cord during many years with an unflinching constancy
which deserved all gratitude. But, whatever miglt,
have been said or thought to the contrary, it was tht,u4ht
impossible that the alliaice could be consummated and

become truly cordial before the present day. It was
praiseworthy in tradesmen to wish for the alliance, but
in France the national sympathy could not till now
respond to the call of political men. We felt that we
were the vanquished of Waterloo, and that by the
treaties of 1815 we had been stripped of the rank which
we had held for centuries in Europe. Under these
circumstances the English alliance, whatever goodwill
there might have been on the part of the two Govern-
ments, could never have been an alliance on a footing of
-quality. This the public confidence knew and felt,
and yet it would never have accepted the alliance on
any other terms. Now all was changed. We were
no longer the vanquished of Europe. We bad reco-
vered ourselves, and we had a right to hold our heads
AO high that no nation in the world could consider
luirsalf above us. The Emperor, to whom the national
will freely confided our destinies, belonged to that
family which the treaties of 1315 deposed and prc,
scribed with multiplied threats and precautions to
man tl'n their work. As to the disaster of Waterloo,
we had effaced the recollection of it by the fraternity of
arms. He would say more—we had taken in the Valley
of Inkerman a brilliant revenge—a revenge 'such as
became a chivalrous and Chri,tian nation ; for, if in
France the people were delighted to bear witness
that our brave allies where heroic on that glorious day
by their intrepidity and solidity, England proclaims that
but for French impetuosity the valiant English Guards
had nothing for it but to wrap themselves in their co-
lours and die, like the Old Guard at Mont St. Jean.
Among the many considerable events which marked the
glorious reign of Queen Victoria he felt that he should
be reproach. d for having so long abstained from alluding
to the repudiation of the superannuated ideas of the old
commercial policy and the inauguration of free trade.
When Queen Victoria ascended the throne the protec-
tionist system was an idol before which the civilised
world lay prosiratein an attitude of a'loration. But it was

an idol with feet of clay, for Ahem is no solid founda-
tion but in sound principles. At the period when Qusen
Victoria attained her majority there appeared on the
horizon a pleiad of generous men, till then obscure, but
worthy of a glorious celebrity, and destined to obtain it
by their undaunted courage, their pa' riotism, and their

perseverance—their perseverance, a great gvility, with-
out which nothing could be done, and which was espe-
cially worthy of imitation in this matter. These new
men strug,gled resolutely against the protective system.
In 1846 a statesman was found with mind and heart
enough isolemnly to abjure the protectionist opinions
which he had professed for 30 years, and with puwer
encugh to draw after him the majority of the party
whin" bad shared his belief. Obedient to his voice, the
English Parliament, with that admirable vigour which
characterised the English nation, earried these opinions
rags practice. The revolution was made without asking
for reciprocity from any other nation, because free trade,
even without reciprocity, was recognised t) be a great
public benefit, and the advantages of the change were so
manifest that at this hour a man calling himself a Pro-
tectionist was scarcely to be found in the united kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland. Mira Governments had

already begun to follow the example. At this moment
Europe and the world were in suspense. They fixed their
eyes upon France, and waited for the signal. The con•
version of France to free trade would be immediately
followed by the conversion of all other peoples. Now the
signs of the times announced that France hesitated for
the moment, but this hesitation could not be of long du-
ration. The prohibitive system in France was an ano-
maly, fur history attested that it was originally adopted
as a war measure against England. Now that the bitter
rivalry of the two peoples bad given place t) a frank
and cordial friendship the system must in all logic dis-
appear. If it were objected to him that it was not I,r
France.servilely to imitate England be would answer
first, that all true and generous ideas belonged to au
people in particular, but were the common patrimony of

humanity.. But, in adopting free trade, Prance would
imitate no one, for' it wa3 the only system compatible
with the immortal principles of 1789 ; and thirty years
before Sir Robert Peel raised the standard of free trace

the Emperor Napoleon, in his exile on the rock of
St. Helena, pronounced these memorable and pro-
phetic words, recorded by the Memorial de Sa,nte He•

lene, of June 12, 1816;—:' Wc must for the future fa.ll
baoh upon free navigation and an entire liberty of uni•
versal exchange.' He cancluded by proposing 'The
Health of Queen Victoria; the Perpetuity of the Anglo-
French Athance ;' and, he added, under the auspices of
Napoleon 1., 'the universal adoption and gradusi prac•

tiff; in all countries of the principles of frei.;-trade.'
The above speech was received with loud cheers.

THE CHURCH DISPUTE AT WEST

BARTLEPOOL.

The following taemorial, from the congregation of
Christ Church, was presented to the Bishop of Durham,
at Auckland Castle, on Tuesday last :