The Sun.
London, England, 1856-07-26 00:00:00

T SU N; LONDON, S, A_ TllEt at Y 14: V El, /it IP-4 JULY 28,1 8 5 tla

_ Apcording to Hebrew and Christian theolo,
ans the _world _has served its inhabitants iu its
present form pretty well for 6,000 years or so.
To be sure far more than five-sixths of that time
its tenants knew but little of each other. Arne-
iica itself 'was unknown to the old world three
centuries, and a-half ago,.and the further East
Practically unknown to Europe for nearly as long
a times, Is is indeed hardly possible to realise the
change which has brought America as near as were
the Northern and Southern parts of an island a
century back, and made furthest Ind as-accessible
as America then was. Tile wandering tribes of
the Eastern deserts still reckon distance by time,
and we are fast returning to this primitive mode
of measurement: How many among ua could
answer the question of the distance between Eng-
land-and -America, India, or Australia, compared
with those who-could,name in a minute how many
days' voyage it was to them respectively. Steam
and Lieutenant MAURY have done for the ocean
.what steam and theiron rail have done for the land.-
. . .
Indeed when the lieutenant's admirable charts are
cemplete ltbe sail will have regained much of ite
•,
lost'yrestiae for Yong commercial Voyages, or father,
as the voyage of the Royal Charier seems to show,
they will good- temperedl y arnalgania.te their powers.
Lieut. MAURY will guide the good ship to favour-
able winds, wherever winds blow, and the screw
will propel her through the region of calms.
But it is not enough to put the powers of our'
little planet to new uses, and to subjugate even the
rapidity of the lightning to the cravings of human
impatience. Not eneue,h that we should converse
across continents and seas, and propose to talk
with friends even in Calcutta; not enough that
the screw and the sail should turn voyages of
months into voyages of weeks ; we must fairly
cit up the old earth itself where it is too old•
f ishiOned or too ill-fashioned for our eagerness, or
at least where it will not suit our purpose. The
• Isthmus of Panama has long been an eyesore to
tlse 'world-menders. Oyer ite we have gone by
rail already, but that is nothing. Through it we
must go also. The Yankees have decreed it, and
have dragged us half way into a war in
their zeal for a- short 'cut: ,to the pacific;
or, as they will have it, to bless the region of the
sliip canal thither,witli perpetual peace. Nature
seems, indeed, rather unwilling to submit . her
neck to the stroke. The old' Isthmus has been
surveyed and re-surveyed ; was to be cut here and:
cut there, but it is still entire, and the two Ame-
ricas are still one body, and seem likely yet to
remain so. It does not seem easy for our engi-
neering HENRY the Eighths to put on cut asunder,
according to their taste, those whom Dame Nature
has joined together.
Some eighth -11,tzunx in this line is, however, the
-want of the day, for another neck stands in the
way of our d'sires, by uniting the old world's con-
tinents of Africa and Asia also.
,•In ages long gone
by, the attempt was indeed made to marry the
separated seas, And to divorce the united conti-
nents ; but land witi hold.; its own, and the
I waters still surge in vain to meet each otlir,
though only some siKtyoQseventytniles of land in-
-tervene, and though they have no other Chance of in-
t9rzninglingexcept, by rolling round a distance equal
to half the circumference of the globe. Twe4ty-
. flue hundred years ago an Egyptian Monarch
°Mr. DISRAELI did not !come 'forward as an beg tu a cana.l, and. DARIUSI the Persian,
a•-.4sailant. lie commenced by stating that he bad we aro told, completed • t but that was to
"'no intention of preferrieg any indictment be only a fluvial connection by the Nile. A
against those who were maialy responsible for I Marine Canal is the de-aire of modern commerce,
the management of affairs in, the House." This and has been the frequent project of modern Go-
at once divested the subject of its attraction. It vernments and men of science, but the vis iosertice
was a courteous aslault with blunted weapons. of unqualified desert and shallow coasts, has defied
t* .t. The buttons of the foils were well pa4ded,' so that the schemesof science, byintimidating the possessors
no possible injury could be inflicted, and the of capital. The \VATTSES and the STEPHENSONS
suhiset' at once lost its piquancy and interest: have been ready, but the DOLTONS have as yet
The Right Hon. Coati° Tian also- framed plausible been wanting. Perhaps in these days a company
excuses for the sliorieensinss of his political ad- with the. magic parentltesis—a parenthesis at the
versaries. If he inflicted serious wounds Le also end of a sentence .
I—(' limited") may solve the
provided an l universa mrclicioe ,
. •
- f Wm.° sholvinj that the difficulty.
in carrying beelea.ew In-easares into pm,. lyi.ll the company now in process of formation
tical execution wIS mainly attributable to " the by M. FERDIN'A ND DZ riESSEM do it ? We have
want of confidence" of the House, *or, in other looked with some care itt those parts of his las,
words, to the ,obstructions'elereated3 by the , pamphlet which relate to the physical practicabi-,
re-party of whom ha hi nself was the Of the schemer and we certainly think there
cognised, leader. y‘Thero were . many extensile is no dillisalty which. :Mr. STEPHENSON or l:ds•
propositions rejected or t
?os-pone lin ems-quence i BRUNEL could not vanquish. Whether M.
of. the Guerilla warfare maiata,ino 1 by those who
1
II LES:3Zr'; and 11 23 liter an. coa M
djutor, . BAUH IMt-
TEL
would not hazard a regular conflict on any great ST. HILAIRE do
!
o t under-estimate the cost, and
of the exaggerate the profits, is a
matter that could lead to a chang© question which must
Ministry. ,But although they would not venture Ibe well weighed when_ the previous one of prac-
on a pitched battle, they could raise formidable i.ticabilit ci
y has been UL tilvocally decided.
' peclithentS. the failure iu The land pa.rt ;f• the business should be,
the vexaidous delays in matters on which the and probably is, matter of easy • calcula-
public mind was earnestly interested ; but the tion. A careful external survey and, borings

MGM. WA.TER. AT LON'DON. BRIDGE.
D VT—Moru. 11 min. aft. 8-7:inning 49 min. aft. 8
T,-:yfor.itow—lforn. 21 min. aft. 9—Evening 0 iii. aft. 10

TIE WEA.THEII,-SuN OFFIOrt, JULY 26.

TLIR SHADIL

73 —highest since noon vestorday.
M —lowest this inorning and during the night.
71—this day at noon.

FA I.OIvINITII- 30 13.
WIND, S.W.- Light, with very fine woather.

, A% 4.4 r 4-
Atn,, 1, ,
,:._ 4_
____,..', ..0c,.,....2,.144,,,,-.-L, j •.---,, , .0 • , (.:. -1,t......7. , A;i.,-.7-........:-.:.---,e:.=:m..v

LONDON, SA.TUR,DAY, JULY 26, 185 d,

The reviev of the seaJion by the recognised
Leader of her illaj3sty's Oivosition was.anxiously
looked for by men of all clases an I varieties. of
political opinion, throughout the length and'
breadth of the land. Alinv important measures
had been introduced : some of these were founded
on recommendations from the-Throne ; others of
scarcely inferior interest had been brought forward
by Ministers, but few, indeed, revived the Legis-
lative sanction ! " Tne massacre of the innocents"
commence 1 at an cattier period, and was conducted
with greater virulenc3, than *ou almost any
previous, occasion. The contrast between " the
sayings and doings" of the Government was-,
psrhaps, more decided • than in any former
s3ssion ; and there was no valid excuse for this
untoward state of affairs. The War had virtually.
terminated early in the session ; but all the bur-
dens and taxation incidental thereto still oppress
the tax-paying community. They continue in
fall operation, without relaxation nr rnodificatiol3.
No step was tekon towards intilring into the
operation orthe Bank Ciarter. Act, or rendering
the twelve months' notice that must be given
before any great alterations in the relations be-
tween the qq,asi. Nation d Bulk and the commu•
nity can be inaugurated.

The financial and monetary measures being thus
delib&rately shelved—the War being terminated
---;-there waS surely ample time for earryin",g out the-
other measure which the QoVerameat considered -
indispensable.. Eat they foil:);ved the precedent
established by the virtuon4 PE'scLop2, and con•
.trived to -undo •at one time what they were
ap-
parently advancing wi;h all theft. power. at
an-
Other. NO reasonable complaint could be pieferred
against the matters introduced land if Ulf) pc:
formanee'llacl been. at all is acelcdarice. with. the
promise held out the nation would have been
well contented. Ent unfortunately- one matter
clashed with itic)ther. wal a 1 elsarious
i'Veness —aud, from aiming at toa mach, nothing
was accomplished. -rrais afforded as excel-
lent opplannity for atticli. The Opposi-
tion' unquestionably occupied the " vantage
ground," but it was abandoned at the very com-
mencement of the centes`, and so perfdct a mas-
ter of Parliamentary strategy 'as L,rd PALMER-
g fON readily availed hituself of the mist tke of Ith
OJ-ponent.

to the required depth have resulted iu prov-

ing that the levels of the Mediterranean
and - Red Ses are the same, that the soil is free

LAT- y

from rock and easy to excavate, and that the
sands are of a sufficiently fixed character. Much
difficulty was apprehended by us at a distance,
accustomed to read of the ever-moving seas of
sand, from this cause ; but the surveying party
found the ruins of old cities still uncovered, and

even the very sands heaped up a few years ago

to prevent the entrance of air beneath
the tents of an exploring expedition, lying as fresh

a if it had been the work but of a few days pre-
vioos. Iu some parts, als), the native shrubs of
the des Irt, in others the tendency of the excavated

VIENNA, TuuII,SDAY EVENING.

Advices from. Athens of the 19th inst. state

hat the Russo-Greek volunteers have been dis-

armed and sent to their native islands.

sand to solidify, almost to the liar...lnc-a of stone,
co-operate in giving stability to the arid surface.
It seems quite clear that the E4yptiau navvy will
have easy work, and that no unusual cost will be
incurred in preserving the depth of the prOposed
canal.

ST. PETERSBURG, JULY 25.

To the strictly nautical part of the question we
shall not advert further than by remarking, gene-

rally, that the navigation of the Red Sea, and

The Czar haS appointed Vice,Admirals Schantz,
NitkofF, and Roumiakoff, commandants of the

the voyage thence to and from India, is now con
ducte 1 with a regularity which seems to dispel al

,hree divisions of the Russian fleet, as now re.

oiganised.

THE HAGUE, JULY 25.

The Nadlerlauds Government has prepared a

doubt on that score. Suez is also at present a

project for the reduction of the navigation dues
on the Rhine, as collected by the towns on that

river.

SPAIN.
ode haVe received the Madrid iiurnAls of the
20th,„ but they add but little to our previous in-

formation.
Four companies of troops bad left Madrid on
that day for Toledo, where the National Guard is
to be reorganised. This reorganisation has already
taken place. at Guadalajara. The column com-
manded by Brigadier O'Donnell had passed through
that town on its way to Saragossa.
General Dalee was to leave Madrid on the even-
ing of the 20th for Aragon, although he was still
suffering from the contusion which he had received.
It is calculated that 10,000 soldiers will be in a
few days before Saragossa.
It was thought at Madrid that no conflict would .
arise. The Queen accompanied by her con-
sort again visited the hospitals on the 19th,
and distributed a considerable earn of money
amongSt the wounded. Her Majesty then drove
through the Prado, where she was received
with loud acclamations. The representatives Of
the principal Madrid journals had been invited
to present themselves before the civil governor
of the province. The latter expressed his desire to
see the journals abstain from exaggerating events
or propagatiug. false intelligence, as thereby he
would be compelled to decree repressive measures

port in regular use ; the anchorage and weather
in the roadstead, which is capable of holding 500
vessels, must be on the whole favourable, since
the English corvette Zenobia has lain there in a
part exposed to the weather, for the last three
years, with not the least shifting of her anchors,
damage to her cables, or interruption of commu-
nication with the shore even for a single day. To
carry the canal out fairly into about 30 feet
water will require a jetty of nearly a mile in
length. Stone for the purpose lies near at hand.
The cost must, however, be considerab!e.
But it is on the Mediterranean side that more
serious difficulties have to be overcome. The facts
seem now well established since her MAJESTY'S ship
Tartarus has just returned from a surveying
ex-
pedition at the very spot,,and her soundings give
the same result, precisely as those taken by the
commission under the auspices of the Egyptian
Government. They both report that the slope of
the coast to deep water is generally the most
gradual conceivable. Along the greater par
of the coast of the Gulf of Pelusium, 30 feet of
water is only reached at some six miles from the
shore, a fall of only 5 feet in a mile Nor
are there any perceptible tides to afford temporary
daily remedy for this shallowness. At one point,
however, opposite the 'Height of Tannia, on the
west side of the gulf, the fall is less gradual ;
the depth of thirty feet being there reached at
the. -distance of a mile-and-a-half from the shore.
Will any canal pay for a jetty of that length, the
materials for the construction of which mast be
brought from quarries along the Syrian shore, or
from the Islands of Cyprus, Rh-Klea, or Scar-
panto ! The waves of the coast are of the gentleA
character, but the Tartarus reports an unea4y
ground-swell even in the calmest weather. On
an impartial review, however, of all the physical
difficulties of the scheme, as stated by different
parties, the two costly jetties necessitated. by the
long channel which must be dredged through the
shallow waters will prove the grand obstacle to
be overcome, if indeed it can be overcome by any
cost which a company would venture to incur.

against the press.
All the Madrid papers have appeared again, and
none of their editors have experienced any vexa-
tious proceedings. " When (asks the Epoca) has
such moderation been before witnessed in Spain ?"
The Gazette announces that, according to de-
spatches received, everything was tranquil at Avila
on the 18th, at Corunna on the 16th, at Pontevedra
on the 15th, at ()cense on the 15th, at Castellon on
the 17th, Cadiz on the 18th, at Circida Real on the
18th, at Huelva on the.lsth, Malaga on the 16th,
Seville on the 16th, Burgos on the 18th, and Gui-
puszoa on the 17th.
The Epoca says :—" Marshal Espartero, it ap-
pears, applied two days ago for a passport for Lo-
grono. The Government immediately acquiesced
in his wish, but at the same time made known to
him the situation of La Rioja, leaving it to his
own feelings what he ought to do under the cir-
cumstances in which the country is now placed.
The Marshal, in consequence, decided that until
tranquillity was perfectly restored throughout the
whole country, he would remain in the capital,
and immediately took an apartment in the Calle
della Greda." The same journal says :—" The
M.arqUis de Turgot, the French Ambassador, will
leave next week for France. During his absence,.
the Count de Comminges Guitanz will lie •Charged
with the management of the affairs of the Em-
bassy."
- The French Journal de Madrid, of the 10th,
contains the following :—" It has been already
mentioned that the French Hospital of St. Louis
had been, by order of the Ambassador, placed at
the disposal of the wounded in that qUarter. We
have had occasion personally to convince ourselves
of the zeal and intelligence with which the kind
intentions of the Marquis de Turgot were carried
into effect. Twenty-two of the wounded were
received and attended to with the greatest solici-
tude by the Sisters of Charity, under the direction
of the medical chief of the establishment. Out of
the above number six died almost immediately after
their admission, and the remaining sixteen are in a
fair way of recovery. Several cases of amputation
have been performed with perfect success. The
inajlritY of Oleg° wounded men belonged to the
7th Battalion of the National Guard."
Aceounts from the frontier yesterday spoke of
the desertion of a battalion which had marched
from Parnpeluna, against Saragossa. .This new:4_
confirmed, The battalion, which belongs to the
regiaient of Almanza, is said to have declared
against O'Donnell at oria.
The Epoca, in its number of the 18th, announced
that M. B. Iglesias; civil governor of Valencia,
had_ been on the point of declaring against the
O'Donnell Cabinet. The proclamation, however,
published by that functionary at the first news of
the changes of Ministry, proves that he had never
for a moment hesitated as to the line of duty he
had to follow. The document is as follows :
"Inhabitants of Valencia, —I think it my duty to
call your attention to your own interests, and to dispel
all the illusions which the blind spirit of error might en-
gender among you. Order, Vatencians ! order at
any price ! ff you attempt to di,iturb • public
tranquillity ; if, listening to perfidious sugges-
tions, :you tarn a deaf ear to my paternal coun•
eels, the most severe punishment will instantly
convince you that your authorities are determined
preserve order at any price, and that to attain that ob
ject they will hesitate at the adoption of no means
however strong it may be. This is the firm resolutio
of your civil governor,

* New Facts and Figures relative to the Isthmus of
Suez Canal. Edited by M. Ferdinand de Lesseps,
Minister :Plenipotentiary. With a Reply to the " Edin-
burgh Review," by M. Barthelemy S't.Hilaire. London :
Effingham Wilson.

I ETURN OF TROOPS FROM THE

CRIMEA.

WAR DEPARTUENT, JUNE 26.
The following vessels passed the Boqphorus on passage
to England on the 22J, 24t13, and 25th iist. :
Urgent 450 men Army Works Corp.
Albatross 100 men Land Transrrt Culp.
Simla D troop Royal Horse Artillery, and
men lit Dragoon Gnarls.

" BERNARDO IGLESIAS."
It may _ be added that MArshal O'Donnell well
knew the sentiments of fidelity, of am Bernardo
tosaids the Queen.
A letter from S ‘ragossa estimates at more than,
a million of reals the value of the crops which have,
been burnt in the commune of Pina, on the banks.
of the Ebro, during thelate disturbances.
The aecouuts from Madrid state that the Spa-
nish government has decided on establishing a
place of _transportation for convicts. The point-
chosen iS,St. Joseph, one of the Mariann() br Lad-.
rens Islands in the North Pacific Ocean: `lie inT
dividtiTh arrested for having formed :part of
band ct. Pucheta and those who had beenieleased
by him from the different prisons will be sent i 6
Ferrol; to there await their embarkation for :the
new penal colony.

Before Count Walowski left for the baths of Horn
burg, he, in the name of his imperial master, confiden-
tially informed Count Cavour that he, would dowel)
to Ghangehissystem towards Austria, as the French
Government was resolved not to lend its coun-
tenance to any policy which could lead to disturb-I
ances in Italy and endanger the so recently restored
peace of Europe. The Paris correspondent adds
that the British Cabinet was duly informed of what
had been done by the French Government, who had
also intimated to the Sardinian Court that The
Western Powers were resolved neither directly iaor
indirectly,to countenance revolutionary movements
in Italy. According to an on dit, the French Go:
vernment has proposed to the British Cabinet to
recall the Ministers of the two Powers from Naples;
and to leave simple Charges d'Affaires there for the
time being. Some importance is attached to the
_visit of thellorecli!ary Prince of Tuscany to this
Court, but he is such a very young man (he
is
-21 years of age) that he can hardly have been en
I 'trusted with a pdlitical mission. The Prince, dur-
ing his short sojourn here, has been out to the cam'
at Bisamberg, and there is some reasonto believe that
the Ministers and the Diplomatic Corps have not an
opportunity of Waiting on him until this morning.
At all events Count Buol, Coant L3O Thun Baronde B )urqueney, and some other Statesinen and diplo-
matists, paid him visits of ceremony a couple
hours ago. In a few days the Tuscan Prince wil
leave for Bavaria, and in the autumn ho will pro
bably accompany the Einperor to Lombardy, where
here will be the usual grand military mrnceuvres.
The Ocst. Deutsche Post learns from Stuttga,rd
that the Dowager Emperor of Russia has relin-
pished the idea of passing the coming autumn and
winter in Italy. The day of her Majesty's depar-,
r.oro from Wildbad was already fixed when she
received letters from St. Petersburg which induced
her to resolve to return, via Borlin,to that capital.
The official paper also confirms information given
you some days since relative to certain changes
which were to be made in the Finance Department.
Three chiefs of sections and five Ministerial Cdun-
sellers have been pensioned, and four new chiefs of
sections appointed.
To-morrow the clergy will again be in their
glory, as his Majesty will publicly place on :the
head- of the Archbishop of Agram the cardinal's
hat, which has been sent to him from Rome.
• Yesterday Prince Paul Esterhazy had his farewell
audience of the-Emperor, and to-morrow he will
leave, with his brilliant suite, for Moscow. It is
estimated that the outlay of the representative of
Austria at the coronation of the Emperor Alexan-
der will be some 600,000f1. (60,0001.) Before the.
Prince accepted the mission he distinctly stated
that his expenses must be paid, and no one blames
him for having done so, it being notorious that bf
is not a rich man, although be is the largest landed
proprietor in Austria. Baron Budber will not
come here as Russian Minister until after the
coronation. It is related that Russia has made
some concessions to Austrian subjects in respect to
passports and the transport of goods across :the
rontier: