The Sun.
London, England, 1851-11-25 00:00:00

have bee I
can in any
n setbeforeus, and I shall feel still more
proud
a society which has sllNlChnynporbollen,ote enlarged,
osapnedrity of
such
,
patriotic euds.—(Cheers.) But, gentlemen, there are
some who object to these principles, who say that this
10 per cent., and that 10 per cent., which you apply
to this or that :benevolent purpose ought to go into
the pockets of those who are nolicv-holders. .Now,
what should we answer to those who say this ? Who
I would answer them in their own way, and
as a conclusive proof that they are wrong I would
remind them that every 10 per cent. we devote
in this way brings to oar receipts at least a hundred
per cent.—(Hear, hear.) Why, gentlemen, what
has placed us in our present position ? What is it that
has already given us nearly a thousand shareholder;
in seven months ? What is it that has caused us to
part with so many shares ? What is it that has in-
duced so many persons t 3 insure with us to the extent
of 95,0001., in the short space of a few months? Why,
it is the popular favour, and the popular appreciation
of the principles which we are adopting.—(Hear,
hear.) What is it that has given us an income of
upwards of 3,0001. in the short period that we have
been in existence ? Why, the plain, fair, and equi-
table principles which we adopt.—(Hear, hear.)
What is it that has given us the respectable local
boards, such as we see established in Nottingham
and Liverpool, what ? Why, is is our excel-
lent principles ?—(Hear, hear.) And, therefore,
pgoenwtelerfumelnt,hlrosuagyh itism manifest to me that these prin-
ciples will have their way, that they will become
(Hear, hear.) The only opposition,other pa
which I wish to allude is that part in which we
a and triumph
of
the at
report last.—
to
earnestly impressed upon each shareholder the para-
mount necessity of individual exertion in extending
the operations and promoting the interest of the so-
ciety.—(Hear, hear.) I know, gentlemen, that there
are not many individual shareholders who could do
much, but all of us can do something, and if amongst
the number of those who are interested in an institu-
tion, each would only exert himself from a real faith
in its principles to the utmost of his power, the result
in the aggregate would be highly gratifying.—(Hear.)
Ido conceive that every person as ho is a proprietor
here, or who is at all interested in this institution, ought
not to give way in his determination to do this when
he returns home, and make the principles of the so-
ciety known not only to his own family, but amongst
all persons with whom he may happen to be connected
in the remotest degree.—(Hear, hear.) If we all do
this lam perfectly certain we should even prosper
beyond our most sanguine expectations ; but above
all, gentlemen, this individual exertion is all that is
required to ensure our complete success.—(Hear,
hear.) With these convictions, gentlemen, fully ex-
pressed, I need not detain you any longer, except to
convey to you my gratification at seeing so many
friends around me, and in conclusion, I beg to express
my confident opinion that in adopting the prinea pies
we do, and adhering firmly to them, we may apply to
the Trafalgar Life Insurance Society that which was
said of truth, namely, magna est et prevalebit.
Mr. J. A. DURHAM, ITI moving the adoption of
the report, said that for some years he had given his
attention to the principles on which life assurances
were formed, and though many such societies had
been established, he thought there had been no c or-
responding inclination to support them on the part of
the public. Yet, notwithstanding his knowledge of
this feeling, he, as a large proprietor, could safely
congratulate the shareholders on being connected
with such an institution as the present.—(Hear.)
had been connected, as he remarked before,, with
some of the old companies ; but he saw neither
honour, nor profit, nor pleasure in belonging to in-
stitutions that had gone on a wrong system for years
and years past, because it was now clearly ascertained
that the immense capital, he might almost say of
millions, belonging to some of the old companies was I
placed in such a position that it did good neither to
the parties it belonged to nor the public. Money
merely heaped together in piles was almost useless to
any society, but more especially to insurance compa-
nies. They should take into consideration that: with
all institutions commercially or benevolently con-
nected with the public, one of the important points
was the allocation of their funds. To what purpose
did the old companies add thousands and thousands
together, until they almost amounted to millions,
if they were not used ? The first idea of such
hoarding originated in the fact that the public placed
no confidence formerly in their abilities to pay p
unless they had an abundance of capital. But what
was the use of hoarding money now in such a manner
when any able actuary could tell them what was the
average rate of human life, and the amount of capi-
tal really necessary to meet the responsibilities of
insurance companies, be their bonuses ever so great ?
This fallacy of immense capital was the one on which
the old companies had deluded the public. Re re-
membered being struck with a remark of the la to Sir
Robert Peel—and he was sure every one resent
would do justice to the memory and value of the opi-
nion of that practical statesman; he stated in the
House of Commons that frequently advantages were
laid before the public—advantages of a commercial
nature, and from which all might derive considerable
profit or considerable saving with regard to the ex-
penditure of money ; but that they were not sander-
stood until the time for improving them had passed
away, and he greatly regretted that such an intelli-
gent community as the English should not bay e per-
ceived those advantages sooner than they did. They
(the shareholders) should remember the importance
of the common saying, which advised them to buy in
the cheapest market and sell in the dearest. He had
acquired a certain knowledge with regard to the
companies lately formed, and he was happy
1:o say
that he was a director and deputy-chairman of a
company (the Professional, we believe), the fir st that
had brought before the public such principles as
those which their Chairman had made known to
them, in which the present interests of the living
were combined with the future interests of th sir re-
presentatives. They had the great advantage that
belongs to a relief fund, whereby if sickness or p overty
overtook a shareholder, he could apply to that fund,
not as a person seeking alms, but as a matter of right,
and as having, by his subscriptions to it, a title to
have his requirements immediately attended to. He
looked on that as one of the grand features in the
new principle of insurance companies. The benefits
derived by a man who merely insured his life in one
of the companies had no comparison to this. The
other additional feature put forward by this a ssocia-
tion was one of the highest importance also. .By the
education fund a certain sum was set apart, out of
which was granted whatever was considered neces-
sary to educate the orphan childen of tae shareholders
who might have left them in want of such assie tance.
These things required to be thought over an I pro-
mulgated, because there was a certain degree of
apathy amongst the public in not taking immediate
advantage of them. This association offered t enfold
the advantages of any of the old companies.—(Hear,
hear.) He did not wish to speak disrespectfully
of the old companies, who were rolling in
wealth, because their honour and integrity
were unimpeachable—(Hear, hear)--but they were
living din times when it was necessary for them to
think for themselves, and not only fur themselves, but
for these who came after them.—(Bear.) lie was a
proprietor of 1,200 shares in this association, and be
wished sincerely that they were 12,000.—(Hear.)
The amount of 1,000 shares after all was but a little,
and if it did not give him an opportunity of making
an immediate fortune, so far as regarded futurity, he
firmly believed that they would be a fortune to any
person to whom he might leave them. The only
office the Trafalgar could compare itself to was the
Rock. They bad so far started on a new principle
that it was a different one from the old companies ;
and the shares of the Rock Company were now selling
at 71. the ten-shillings share. He merely mentioned
this to show the influence that offices of this kind had
arrived at in the public estimation. The Chairman
had expressed himself so clearly with regard to the
report that he did not think it necessary for him to
call their attention to it any further. That report
had only stated the business of the first six months,
whereas the business of the last six had been
beyond comparison more successful. They would
also see since that report was made two local boards
had come into operation—one at Liverpool and the
other at Nottingham. The zeal, integrity, and high
position of the parties connected with those boards,
would give an impetus to their association in future
i
years which they would hardly credit, and he thought
he might safely congratulate the proprietary on their
connexion with it, and say that their shares would
rise not to 11. but to 51. before half-a-dozen years
were past.—(Hear, hear.)
He was
not of that san-
guine and warm imagination to say this merely from
a gust of feeling, he said it from a firm conviction of
its truth, and from watching the effects produced
by the different companies upon the public mind.
Major &OYES briefly seconded the motion for the
adoption of the report. He congratulated them upon
the complete success which had attended their exer-
tions up to the present time. It was formerly thought
impossible to combine commercial schemes with be-
nevolence towards your fellow-creatures
association gave the lie direct to any such' but this
assertion
.
for the future.
Mr. J. BERMINGHAM wished to add a few words
a • dop ted. Even his conversa-
tion with their talented actuary, Mr. Baylis, had not
before the report was
prepared him for the really astonishing amount of
business which had been transacted by them in this
the first year of their existence. They had now a
proprietary of several hundreds of personsconnected
with their association, and such a proprietary as
would give the public a guarantee that they would
carry out faithfully and successfully their agreement
with them. They bad heard the names of those gen-
tlemen connected with their local boards, and those
persons must have been persuaded of some important
merits in the constitution of their association, or they
would not have given their names to it. Ile had no
doubt that one of the strongest inducements to their

coming forward had been the knowledge of the edu-
cation fund, and also that every person who joined it
was at least secure from want. Allusion had been
made to Nottingham, Sheffield, and other places.
Now, Sheffield was of all other places the ono which
had thrown itself into the cause the earliest, and
met their advances so warmly that a mutual attach-
ment might be said to have sprung up between
them. Although they would be true to their first
entanglement of the heart, yet their affections were
not so confined in their objects as that they would not
admit other places to their embraces—(Laughter)—
and he would he glad to see other towns coming
forward like Nottingham and Liverpool. Allusion
had also been made in the report to a trifling loss the
association had met with. What might be to the
board of directors a trifling loss, perhaps to the ayes
of the meeting would be a large one ; and therefore,
to relieve their anxiety on this head, he would inform
them that it only amounted to 1001. To have met
with only one loss out of 325 policies, spoke in high
terms for the efficiency and caution exercised by their
medical officers.—(Hear, hear.) A popular prejudice
seemed to prevail against insurance. A gentleman
who wished to insure his life asked the opinion of his
wife upon the subject; but she opposed the plan en..
tirely, on the ground that if he did so be was sure
to die.—(Laughter.) The gentleman, however, had
no faith in such objections, and he had actually in-
sured, and was a proprietor in this association
without his wife's knowledge. Madame de Steel
said she did not object to superstition if there was
nothing injurious in it ; but here NV&S something
directly injurious. Some persons said it was better
for persons to put their money into banks than to
sink it in insurance companies ; end he should
quite agree with them if a person could be
sure of a long life, so as to enable him to save a suffi-
cient sum. Clergymen, he thought, might do much
to promote life assurances, by pressing the import-
ance of it upon the humbler classes, hundreds of
whom were daily cut off, leaving their families de-
pendent cn charity. Let them impress upon them
the consolation it would undoubtedly give to a dying
man in his last moments, when, if his thoughts turned
on earthly matters at all, he could not but think with
comfort on having left his nearest and dearest ties
preserved from the pressure of want,—(Hear, hear.)
He concluded by appealing to the experience of me-
dical gentlemen, who frequently, when called in to
attend a patient in his last illness found their remedies
almost entirely baffled by the anxiety which preyed
upon the minds of persons who were leaving their
families at the mercy of the world, or dependent on
the cold claims of charity.
Votes of thanks were then unanimously passed to
Mr. Baylis, sen., Mr. Baylis, jun., and other officers
connected with the association, for the zealous and
,judicious manner in which they had hitherto conducted
its affairs.

The usual number of directors who went out by
rotation were then re-elected for the ensuing year;
and after the transaction of some routine business the

meeting separated, with the usual vote of thanks to
the chair.

ENTERTAINMENT TO THE BON. R. J.
WALKER, LATE UNITED STATES
MINISTER.
LIVERPOOL, MONDAY NIGHT.—This evening, at
half-past six, about seventy of the principal merchants
and gentlemen resident in Liverpool, and the mem-
bers of the American Chamber of Commerce, enter-
tained the Hon. R. J. Walker, late Secretary to the
Treasury of the United States, to a sumptuous ban-
quet, at the Adelphi Hotel. Mr. Walker is one of the
candidates for the presidential chair, and is favourable
to the participation by British ships in the carrying
trade to California. To him also the British mercan-
tile interests are indebted for the introduction of the
bonding system, and many ameliorations of the Ame-
rican tariff, which have proved beneficial to British
interests. He is considered the Huskisson of Ame-
rica, and is favourable to reciprocity.
The banquet on this occasion was of the most re-
cherché description, and served up a la Busse, in ac-
cordance with the instructions of that useful little
manual, " London at Table." Mr. Radley is known
to possess the largest and choicest cellar of bottled
wines in the world, and the Moselle cup and Cham-
pagne flowed in abundance, It is now admitted by
London gourmets that Liverpool clear turtle is the
genuine " get up," and on this occasion the prece-
dence was asserted in the elegances of hospitality, as
well as in commercial eminence.
Wm. Brown, Esq., M.P., was to have taken the
chair, but owing to indisposition that gentleman was
unable to attend, and William Rathbone, jun., Esq.,
president of the American Chamber of Commerce,
officiated in his stead. The Mayor of Liverpool
(Thomas Littledale, Esq.) was unable to be present
on account of a previous engagement; the Earl of
Derby was prevented by indisposition ; and the Earl
of Sefton regretted his inability to be present, having
a prior engagement to meet the Earl of Carlisle in
the north.
Among the company we noticed, in addition to the
distinguished:guest of the evening, Thomas Thornely,
Esq., M.P., James Aspinwall Turner, Esq., presi-
dent of the Manchester Commercial Association ; J.
B. Moore, Esq., chairman of the Brazilian Associa-
tion ; J. S. Mansfield, Esq., stipendiary magistrate ;
Harold Littledale, Esq., Charles M'lver, Esq., E.
Arnaud, Esq., collector of Customs ; T. Bazley,
Esq., president of the Manchester Chamber of Com-
merce; G. J. Duncan, Esq, secretary of the
American Chamber of Commerce; Miles Bar-
ton, Esq., chairman of the Cotton Brokers'
Association ; T. L. Crittenden, Esq., United
States Consul ; R. B. Grinnell, Esq., Robinson
Duckworth, Esq., chairman of the Mediterranean
Association ; H. C. Chapman, Esq., the Venerable
Archdeacon Brookes, Robert Itanken, Esq., chairman
of the Shipowners' Association ; General W. G.
M'Neal, Captain Nye, United States Navy ; Duncan
Macvicar, Esq., Francis Shand, Esq , chairman of
the West India Association ; C. W. 11. Pickering,
Esq., Messrs. C. and F. Saunders, W. Stuart, Jacques
Myers, John Parker, G. Wilson, George Holt,
Washington Jackson, Rowland Edwards, G. A. Brown,
Esq., Colonel Colt, and many other distinguished in-
dividuals.
Upon the removal of the cloth, the Chairman pro-
posed, " The Health of her Majesty the Queen, Du-
chess of Lancaster," which was received with the
greatest loyalty, and followed by the National
Anthem.
" His Royal Highness Prince Albert and the rest
of the Royal Family." Received with evertdemon-
stration of cordiality and welcome.
" The President of the United States of America"
was responded to in appropriate terms by the United
States Consul, T. S. Crittenden, Esq.
The Venerable Archdeacon Brookes suitably re-
sponded to the toast, " The Clergy on both sides of
the Atlantic."
The PRESIDENT then said he came to the toast of the
evening—the health of their excellent guest ; and,
after paying a handsome tribute to that gentleman's
distinguished talents and statesmanlike qualities, con-
cluded by proposing, " The llon. R. J. Walker, to
whom both countries are so much indebted for his ex-
ertions to promote commerce, that great bond of union
between the two branches of the Anglo-Saxon family."
—The toast was drunk with the greatest enthusiasm,
accompanied by musical honours.
Mr. WALKER, in an eloquent speech, replied—lt
was not to him, as an humble citizen, now without
power or patronage, they paid their honour that even-
ing, but to the country and policy of the American
Congress and to her commercial freedom. The speaker
then entered into a series of statistics to prove that
America, in reducing her taxes more than one-half,
at the same time doubled her revenue. Comparing
the high tariff of 1842 with the effect of the policy
since 1846, he went on to say that duties had been
lowered 50 per cent. ; population had increased 19i
per cent. ; tonnage, 47i per cent.; railroads, 452 per
cent., and the official account of the first quarter of
the fiscal year received by the steamer the day previous,
announced a surplus of 4,500,000. High tariffs
reduced the amount of exports more than imports,
excluding them from foreign ports. In 1828, Ameri-
can imports doubled the present rate. Their com-
merce was not geographic ; it belonged to the world,
and it was a singular fact that America and England
were the only nations whose receipts exceeded
their expenditure. The surplus should be applied to
the extinction of their debt. Austria, in the last
spasm of financial bankruptcy, attempted to regu-
late the exchanges by policemen. Its protection was
essentially agrarianism, reversing the old Roman
meaning. The Hon. Gentleman derided the threat of
Louie Napoleon, whom he termed the Gallic Lopez.
The rainbow peace overarched the Atlantic; and
glory, equity, and good faith would halo the destinies
ofde
proposingpE:e nfTnrgdhhlsaea. and
Prosperity America.
to
Liverpool."
The concluded by
The CHAIRMAN then gave the following toasts, some
sopfewethivicehpwaretrieesahppornoopurrieadteLy acknowledged by the re-
" The Right Eon. the Earl of Sefton."
"Mr. Bazley and Mr. Aspinwall Turner, Presi•
dents of the Mrvaelannnct hdeer Magistrateses philanthropist,stetr on whChambericho f always
our
er Borough,o
wforemost
Commerceso r
a anduaeni
hnd
the Commercial Association, and Prosperity to the
work, independent
representativeNeNew
York."
ork:,oonf countryt
he
b bench,
n or r,
eAvlearnyufgaocotduiraawiyentoogi
fitGhei:dinr7.nrEee.xsicLlG:e..EllesCcinrittenden, Esq., Consul for the United
number
of other complimentary toasts followed,
SatnaActleafter an evening spent with the utmost con-
viviality and harmony, the company separated at a
late r.

A farewell dinner is to be given to Mr. Sharman
Crawf9rd) at It9eladalel OA Friday week.

_N 0 V
_LI .11 25,
TUES A y 1, VE N N (4-
. -

COBDEN AND THE FREE-
HOLD LAND MOVEMENT.
Last night a large meeting was held in the Music-
Longanere, for the purpose of promoting the
ex tension of freehold land societies. Mr. Scholefieldl'd ,
.f., presided, and among the gentlemen on the
pl. itform were Mr. Cobden, M.P. ; Mr. Locke King,
; Mr. George Thompson, M.P. ; Mr. John
Wil Hams, M.P. ; Mr. Sadleir, M.P. ; Mr. Latti-
mor e, a tenant farmer in Herefordshire; and Mr.
Mr. eOIIDEN, in speaking to one of the resolutions,
said—At the first meeting which he had the pleasure
to. attend in support of this movement, which origi-
n a.ted with his friend Mr. Taylor, of Birmingham,
whom they delighted to honour on that occasion, he
remembered stating his belief that it would require
sr srne seven of years persevering and continuous at-
ttsrttion on the part of the people who took an in-
& a est in the movement in order to realise its practi-
mei effects. He always expected that the freehold
lan d movement would, as it advanced, become less
and less of an exciting topic of agitation or discus-
sio:a with the public, that it would settle down into a
coattinuous business-like labour day by day, and week
by-week, and that the public and the politicians would
not awake up to the full importance of this movement
until they were told some day by those tadpoles and
taia(!rs who belonged to the political parties, that there
wore some counties which had been altogether wrested
from the domination of the old influences, and eman-
cipated by the operation of these freehold land so-
ciot ies.—(Laughter and cheers.) Now, it seemed
they were very likely to realise the fruits of this
m(evement sooner than even be expected, for he was
told by his friend, Mr. Taylor, that there was more
than one division of a county in the vicinity,pf Bir-
mingham which was already safe from the clutches of
the old parties who had ruled there, and that come an
elee ion when it might, the effect of the 403. freehold
movement in Birmingham would be materially felt in
those quarters.—(Cheers.) He (Mr. Cobden) did
not look to the realization of those wishes with the
view- of establishing any particular principle which he
himself bad at heart. He did not wish to be gua-
rante ed that what the members of the freehold land
societies might choose to carry out in the polling
booths might be proceedings which he himself wished,
nor to presume to dictate to them the course which
they ought to pursue ; all he wanted was to see and
feel the effects of an independent self-respecting, and
self-;acting body of constituents in those counties
which had hitherto been coerced and controlled by
certain magnates or large proprietors, and where the
mass of the constituencies, as they all knew, had no more
of an honest and independent voice in the choice of
repreeentatives than the sheep and cattle sold in their
own markets.—(Cheers.) He therefore would not
violate the rule alluded to by the gentleman who had
preceded him (Mr. Rogers) by introducing any of his
(Mr. Cobden's) views on politics. He was perfectly
prepared to take his chance with that description of
the people of this country who were likely to be
added to the electoral lists by joining the freehold
land societies.—(Cheers.) Let them not suppose it
was necessary, in order that the full effects of this
movement might be felt by politicians, that they
should show they were in a position to win so many
counties from their present political proprietors as to
influence the numerical majorities in the House of
Commons. It was not necessary that they should do
that at all. There was a lively apprehension of the
coming influences of this country which would lead
politicians and parties to shape their course in the
constituencies with what they believed was going to
be the destiny of things.—(Cheers.) It was like
what they read of in respect to the use of the bayonet
in war. An army surgeon would tell them he bad
seen a great many bayonets, but never a bayonet
wound; and why ? Because there was always a sort
of moral or mental feeling in the breasts of each
column of men who were pittied against each other,
which told them which side was going to win.
—(Laughter.) Therefore, before it came to the final
shot in the battle field or the polling booth one
side or the other was sure to run away.—(Cheers.)
He adhered to the doctrine which he had always ex-
pressed with regard to the freehold land societies'
movement. He knew of no proceeding going on in this
country so certain of producing salutary effects on
the political action of parties in it as that self-springing
moral and economical principle which was implied in
the operation of those freehold land societies. It was
not merely that they were creating votes. They
were creating votes in the only way that would enable
that class of the people that were now excluded from
the franchise to obtain political power without petie
tioning Parliament or anybody else to give them a
vote; therefore this was a process entirely of inde-
pendence, both with respect to the will of the majo-
rity either in the Cabinet or in the House of Com-
mons; and the process by which many people were
acquiring their votes was one which brought the po-
pular influence to bear precisely on those parts of the
representative system where they required the most
aid, and where he suspected they were least likely to
effect any very material reform. He believed it was
generally expected that whatever might be the fran-
chise established for the boroughs by any measure
that might be in contemplation, there would be a
higher franchise for the counties than for the bo-
roughs. Now, the 40s. franchise was always
the cheapest of all, because it required no pay-
ment of rates. They might be householders or they
might be lodgers ; but, possessed of the 40s. fran-
chise, they need not pay poor-rate, or any other rate.
All they had to do was to save 231., 241., or '251.,
purchase a freehold estate with it, which would pay
them better interest than the same amount of money
invested in any other savings bank, and they had
their vote for nothing. He therefore said, if there
were that sturdy independence and that inherent love
of freedom which they were told existed in the breasts
of the people of this country, there was a door open
by which access would be obtained to the very citadel
of the constitution, and those who once obtained
admission might help others to follow them.—(Loud
cheers.) It was a cheering thing to find his Hon.
Friend the Member for Carlow (Mr. Sadleir) endea-
vouring to introduce the freehold land societies into
Ireland with a view of ameliorating the condition of
the people in that country. He (Mr. Cobden) did
not wish to lay himself open to the charge that they
had got a panacea which would cure the evils of Ire-
land, but he thought the gentlemen who had made
those ills their peculiar study, by adopting the prin-
ciple of those societies, might contrive to distribute
among the people of Ireland a portion of that land
which was now disposed of under the Encumbered
Estates Act, many of whom were now fleeing to
other countries, urged by the incentive that
there they might possess themselves of land.
They were told, forsooth, that they must not attempt
to give the Irish possession of land and keep them in
Ireland, because that race could not raise itself iu the
scale of humanity, but that it must be banished to
America or somewhere else.—(Hear, hear.) There
was nothing he detested or loathed so much as to hear
anybody attempt to close up an argument by the use
of that phrase, " race." Why, if the possession of a
bit of land was found to have an elevating tendency on
the people of every country of the continent, where
the land had become the property of the people, surely
they might try whether, if the Irish people became
the proprietors of each a piece of land, it would not
also have the effect of increasing their self-respect,
their frugality, and their diligence.—(Cheers.) To
talk about the Anglo-Saxon race perpetually was a
vulgar species of flattery. Had not the same argu-
ment been applied by every other race ? Where not
the Jews at one time, in their estimation, the only
people in the world that were good for anything ?
Did not the Greeks, the Romans, and the Arabs, in
their turn, arrogate the same superiority to them-
selves ; and at that moment did not the Chinese con-
sider themselves the only race ?—(Laughter.) Why,
one might think that Socrates, Cicero, Plato, and
the great specimens of mankind who could be found,
had all been Anglo-Saxons.—(Laughter.) He
begged them not to be seduced by such absurd flattery
as that. It was a very easy way of getting over the
injustice which he thought they had inflicted on the
Irish people by stigmatising them as a race. Let
them rather see whether by treating them as men
they could not make them like other men. He
thought it was worthy the experiment to buy some
of the estates sold in the Encumbered Estates Court
in Ireland, and distribute them in small farms to some
of the Irish peasants who were now emigrating to
America—many of them with small capitals at their
command—in the hope that it might tend to the im-
provement of that people. and be the germ from
which might spring the fruits of industry, while it
might beget a body of proprietors who had not yet
existed in Ireland, but who might have
,a beneficial
effect on the whole population.-Cheers. He ha
been asked frequently what were the conditions of the tenure of land in this country ? He said if he
found a country where the people were in the possession
of the land of that country, that indicated a thrifty
and a painstaking people, characterised by forethought
and a desire to preserve themselves from sinking
in the scale of society. If he found, on the other
hand, that the whole of the land, as in the Papal
States in Spain, and in Russia, was monopolised by
large proprietors, by Church establishments, or by
the Crown, he invariably found also, that the
great mass of the people were sunk in hopelessand
abject misery, careless of the future, indolent inrai sieg
the
present, and without the slightest prospect of
He
themselves in the scale of society.—(Cheers.)
agreed with Mr. Lattimore who had preceded him,
the franchise in the contem-
plated Re.
that any extension
extenEsiirl
of
it which did not include the ballot
as part of would, in his opinion, be little better than
a mockery and delusion.—(Cheers.) He wanted the
ballot, not merely because it was a safeguard for their
40s. freeholders against the influence of their neigh-
bours, whether great employers or great landowners,
or anybody else ; but he wanted it also for its moral
effects. They bad seen in France and in other coun-
tries on the Continent—he held seen it himself in