The Sun.
London, England, 1834-08-29 00:00:00

FRENCH PAPERS.

(From the Papers of Wednesday.)
We are assured that .the French troops are about to eva-
cuate the port of Bugia, whose conquest has already proved
so expensive. Its small garrison will be divided between
• Bona, Oran, and Algiers.—Courrier Francais.
Extract of a letter, of the 17th instant, from Madrid :
•' On the 13th a funeral service was performed in the church
of St. Francis, in memory of the victims of the 17th of July.
. The church was hung with black, having in the nave a su-
perb catafalque, surrounded by tapers. The concourse of
people was immense, and the following high dignitaries of
the State—Martinez de la Rosa, Moscoso, Toreno, and
Bellido, with others, and a crowd of civil and military
officers, a part of the Staff of the Urban Guard, and innu-
merable monks of• all orders, were present. The Com-
mittee of Finance met on the evening before last. Messrs.
. Toreno and Uriarte attended the meeting. The whole
committee are hostile to the plan of the Minister. Count
Toreno was several times examined. The committee,
we are assured, though unanimous in rejecting the plan
proposed, cannot come to an agreement as to a substi-
. tute for it. Some are unwilling to acknowledge Aguado's
loan, while others are for admitting the whole of
the debts ; at all events, no decision whatever has been
come to. On Wednesday last, a trumpeter and a private
of the Urban militia, who were implicated in the affair of
July 24, suffered death. This act of rigour has excited dis-
content, and the more so, as Estefani has been pardoned, or
is on the point Of being so. This may lead to some sangui-
nary catastrophe. It was not till yesterday that the reso-
lution of the Government was made public. Some seditious
cries were uttered in the neighbourhood of the Convent of
St. Francis ; but numerous patrols were immediately sent.
to the spot, and hitherto nothing serious has ensued."
In the sitting of the Chamber of Procuradores, On the
16th instant, the Minister of War made a report on the
army. M. Martinez de la Rosa was on the bench of Mi-
nisters. The report was ordered to be printed. The fol-
lowing is a short analysis of it :—He commenced with
enumerating all the Royal troops, delivering high eu-
logiums as he went on. He then reviewed the acts
and conduct of the rebels in the different provinces,
declaring that, if this disastrous war was not brought
to a termination, it was because the insurgents
never dared venture to meet in the field the he-
roic army of the Queen, and, as an example, stated that
Merino had never shown himself to the royal troops but
with a force of 70 sharpshooters. According to the Mi-
nister's statement, the Spanish army has 200,000 men, all
well armed, without reckoning the garrison of Ceuta and
other fortresses, and the body guards, which is 14,000
strong. The Minister noticed the army of Portugal, de-
claring that it had covered itself with glory. He repre-
sented that it was necessary to maintain a strong force at
Burgos, Saragossa, and Madrid, in order to repress the
enemies of the Government, and preserve order. Referring
to the Urban Militia, he cited the example of France, and
reminded the Chamber of the pains it had cost Louis
Philippe to establish a National Guard upon a good footing-.
He concluded by praising the Urban Militia, the effective
force of which, he said, amounted to 100,000 men. He then
recounted all the places at which the army had distinguished
itself, by beating the insurgents. After this long pre-
amble, he divided his report into four periods. The first
comprised all the movements of the army, from Saars-
field to Rodil. The conduct of Quesada, Morillo, Valdes,
and the other Generals, is praised. The Minister then
entered upon the subject of the naval forces cruising
from Corunna to Bayonne, and announced that seve-
ral French ships had joined the Spanish squadron,
in order to defeat the plans of the rebels. He next stated
some particulars as to the situation of the provinces. The
second period related to the state of the army, and the grant
required for its complete organization, entering into minute
details of the new expenses of the State. The third period
related to the measures of economy which the Government
intended to pursue in future, but which could not have been
as yet adopted on account of the intestine war. The fourth
period was confined to emigrant officers coming within the
amnesty, who, he stated, would be incorporated in the army
as vacancies occurred ; adding, that already 650 rsf them
"rl.- Rolla
by a statement of the labours in the several manufactories
of arms and ammunition, and cited more particularly those
of Orbacieta, Oviedo, and Toledo. The reading of this re-
port lasted four hours and a-half, upon the termination of
which the Chamber adjourned.

The proceedings of the Chamber of Proceres, on the
same day, were without any general interest.
The Augsburg Gazette of the 23d inst. contains the fol-
lowing from Constantinople of the 29th ult. :—" Marshal
Marmont had an audience of the Sultan of the 27th, who
received him with the highest marks of distinction, and pre-
sented him with a snuff-box set with diamonds. As the
Marshal was presented to the Sultan under the special pro-
tection of the Emperor of Russia, he was attended by the
chief Dragoman, who, in like manner, received a magnifi-
cent snuff-box, set with diamonds. The Marshal then paid
his respects to the principal dignitaries of the empire, and
received special marks of consideration from the Seraskier,
Chosrew Pasha, and the the Capudan Pasha, who accom-
panied him in his visit to the arsenal and fleet. He Pro-
poses to take leave in a few days, on his route to Egypt,
through Brussa, Smyrna, and Syria. On the same day, a
slight earthquake was felt, but it was attended with no bad
consequences. News from Syria are said by many not to
be favourable to Ibrahim ; but, on the other hand, it is as-
serted that the insurrection has been of far less importance
than has been imagined. Morever, it is conjectured that Me-
hemed Ali himself aggravates the state of things, in order to
have a colourable pretext for making additions to the
force he already possesses in Syria, and thereby cloak his
designs of aggression against the Porte. Armaments both mi-
litary and naval are proceeding with great activity. Not-
withstanding the great expense incurred by these prepara-
tions, the finances of the Porte are in an improving condi-
tion. In all the Turkish dominions, and especially in the
rich country of Brussa, there are most abundant crops of
silk and opium, which the Government monopolizes, and
which will be immensely productive. The latest accounts
from Smyrna state, that although the Island of Samos has,
in general, submitted to the Porte, yet negotiations are still
pending between the Government and a place called Car-
lovari. Pyrgos, which had excited the apprehensions of
the Porte, in consequence of the numbers of armed men
which had there taken refuge, sent in its submission as
soon as Maratocambo had surrendered. The inhabitants
of this place had sworn to shed the last drop of their blood
rather than submit. The former chiefs, Logothete, La-
thana, and Slamato have lost all their influence, it having
been discovered that their negotiations were conducted
solely with a view to further their personal interests."
The Gazette quotes the funds of Vienna, on the 18th-
-5 per Cent. Metalliques, 98 11-16tha ; 4 per Cent. ditto,
881, Bank Actions, 1,2891.
The Berlin State Gazette of the 21st inst. gives further
accounts of most destructive fires in the woods of Ger-
many, and intimates that the probable cause of these dis-
asters is the employment of tow for wadding in the guns of
sportsmen, which, in very dry and hot weather, is capable
of setting fire to the parched leaves scattered in every
forest. An article from Riga, of the 1 1 th, speaks of
woods destroyed near Courland, Pultarn, and Stubbence.
Extract of a letter dated Nauplia, July 10 :—" A Royal
Decree has just been promulgated, of which the following
are the principal provisions All such officers; non-com-
missioned officers, and privates of our land and sea-forces,
both regular and irregular, as took a glorious part in the
struggle for the deliverance of their country, but have since
fallen into indigence, shall, as a reward for their past services
and- in order to insure a durable subsistence for themselves
and their families, receive an immediate grant in fee simple
of a portion of the uncultivated lands of the public domain,
unless they have already received from the funds of the
state, pay, pensions, or alimentary relief. These national
lands shall be in a fertile country, and the persons to whom
they are granted shall be formed into independent commu-
nities, particular regard being had to their national origin.
This concentration is necessary, in order to carry into full
effect the benevolent intentions of the Government with re-
gard to the new colonists. This measure appears to have
met with general approbation."
The Armorican of Brest says—" The Minister of the
Marine, desiring to reward the Maltese who, by his courage
and presence of mind, saved the crews of the brigs the
ilventure and Lycene, which were wrecked on the coast of
Africa, by firmly maintaining that they were Englishmen,
has made him a present of a very fine boat for the coral
fishery. This Maltese had previously received from the
French Government the decoration of the Legion of Ho-
flour, with the rank of Master in the French navy."

•
THE FIELD BooK.—We do not, in the least, go
beyond the Emits of truth, when we affirm, that this is the
most complete work that has fallen under our inspection, and
the best probably ever published; among the attractions we
must not omit the numerous and exquisite specimens of wood
engravings, as well as the great beauty of its typography—no
true sportsman will be long without it.

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FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 29, 1834.

The whole of the Paris papers of Wednesday have
been received this morning, in which we find several
interesting particulars of the war in Spain, which have
been supplied by correspondents, or extracted from the
Madrid journals. On the 24th inst. General It ODIL
suddenly made his appearance in the neighbourhood of
Elisondo, upon which the rebels were thrown into a
state of the greatest confusion, and almost instantly,
with Don CARLOS, or a chief assuming his name, at
their head, retreated in great disorder towards Erigny.
The Moniteur also informs us, that at the same time
RoDIL was pursuing the rebels at Elisondo, General
LoRENzo was in pursuit of another section of them un-
der ZUMALACARREGUY in the Val d' Evro. This
intelligence confirms, in a great degree, what we stated
yesterday, with respect to the anxiety of the rebels to
shun, as long as they can, coming to a regular engage-
ment. Neither can the policy of this course be ques-
tioned, if the Minister of War in Spain made anything

like a correct report to the Chamber of Procuradores,
or Deputies, on the 16th inst. This report, the read-
ing of which occupied four hours and a-half, stated
that the army in Spain consisted of 200,000 ef-
fective troops, all well armed and properly disciplined,
independent of the garrisons of some important for-
tresses which were not enumerated, as they could not
be removed without others supplying their places.
There were also the body guards, amounting to
14,000 of the bravest soldiers, which were generally
considered as a separate force from the regular army ;
and the Urban Militia exceeding 100,000 men, all
trained to the use of arms, and devoted to the service
of their QUEEN and country. The report likewise
stated that the only cause of the protraction of the
war in Spain was the caution with which the insur-
gents shunned meeting the QUEEN'S troops in the
field, which the face -of the. country, unmarked as it
was by roads, and unfurrowed by canals, greatly
assisted them in doing, whilst,, for the same cause, it
was extremely difficult to afford protection to the pro-
perty of the peasantry, exposed, as it must be, to their
lawless incursions. It would, therefore, appear, that

foreign aid, except as now employed in guarding the
frontier, and preventing the flight of the rebels, or
their receiving assistance from the French Carlists,
could be of very little service to the QUEEN'S cause.
When rebels are only protected by the lightness of
their heels, and their adroitness in bush-ranging, we
are persuaded a well organired. Government has but
little to fear from them, and must be itself to blame if
they escape unpunished.

One Paris paper, the Temps, speaks of a split in
the Madrid Cabinet, and that, with the exception of
TOREN°, who is deputed to appoint a new ministry,
all the others are to resign office. We do not give this
as more than a report which, all things considered, is
very likely to be correct. The cause of this change
in the Ministry is stated to be the result of the
debate in the Chamber
.of Procuradores, on the
17th instant, on the motion of M. LopEz, for
documents explanatory of the real state of the
country, which was arrogantly rejected by M.
Moscoso,, the Minister of the Interior. It will
be remembered that in commenting upon the speech of
the Minister, on that occasion, we severely censured

the haughty and despotic airs assumed by the Go-
vernment ; and remarked that in England no cabi-

net dare so reply to a similar motion, if made in
the . House of Commons. It seems, that we were
not alone of that opinion. The' Chamber of De-
puties were highly incensed at the declaration
then made, and have since become so restive as to fill
the Cabinet with apprehensions of their inability to
retain their places. 'We had likewise heard from a
private, but most respectable quarter, that many of his
colleagues expressed themselves, in Council, highly
indignant at the despotic declaration made by the Mi-
nister of the Interior, which they denounced as unne-
cessarily insulting to the Chamber, and highly impru-
dent from its exposure of the designs of the
Government. That it was ill-timed, nobody can
doubt, but our denunciation of it was in conse-
quence of the principles upon which it was based. We
detest secrecy almost as much in the affairs, and in the
case of a Government, as we would in that of the forty
followers of ALI BABA, or any other similar associa-
tion. Secrecy among masses of men ever leads to dis-
honesty, and whatever purposes it may be first assumed
for, always ends in dishonesty. Of . this'-no proof is
wanting to those who are acquainted with the annals
of King-craft and Priest-craft in every inhabited region
of the earth.

We did not think it worth notice to make any pre-
vious observation on the solemn masses and religious
processions which are being celebrated in Madrid in
memory of the victims of popular fury among the
monks, who were immolated on the 17th of July, on
suspicion of having poisoned the springs and wells, there-
by causing the destruction of life 'attributed to cholera.
We find, however, from the French papers, that these
ridiculous demonstrations of zeal for the eternal welfare
of the slain are carried to an excess which threatens
to lead to another such melancholy catastrophe.
On the 13th instant, M. DE LA ROSA, with most
of his colleagues, a host of bishops and other eccle-
siastics, and an army of monks of all costumes and
orders, particularly Franciscans and Carmelites, tsisted
at a solemn High Mass, chaunted for the repose of
their murdered brethren. This enraged the populace,
who considered the conduct of the Ministry as con-
veying a direct censure upon them, and as. a kind of
pledge to support monastic institutions ; so that, were
it not for the presence of a large body of troops, there
would have been more blood shed, and more monastic-
property destroyed, than was in that city for the last
quarter of a century. We condemn the conduct of the
Ministry in thus uselessly provoking the hostility of the
people, as more opposed to the personal safety of the
monks than any other course which they have the
power of adopting. TO bring the perpetrators of mur-
der to the punishment provided by the laws, and sanc-
tioned by the voice of the community, is the duty of
every wise and virtuous government ; but to assist in
the performance of rites which can neither resuscitate
the dead nor compensate the community for the injury it
sustains in the shock given to its moral feelings, is only
worthy of men fanatically mad, and ignorantly blinded
with the most revolting superstition.

FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS, Am. 27.
Five per Cents., 106 f. 105 f. 95c. 90c.
Four per Cents.; 92f. 75c.
Three per Cents., 75f. 75f. sc.
Bank Actions, 1,7601. 1,757 f. 60c.
Rente de Naples' P2ll 55c. 50c.
Roman Five per Cents., 94% 94 91M.
Rente tl'Espagne, Five per Cents., 34 "414
Rente d'Espagmi Three per Cents., 25% 24% 25.
Royal Spanish Loan, 34 34% k¢.
Rente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 34 31% 33%.
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents., 99% 99.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 2 f. 27}4c. ; money, 2.5 f. 274 c.
Three months, paper, 25f. 15c. ; money, 25f. 15c.
—Coors Authentique.

We refer our readers to a paper drawn up by Mr.
CHURCH, the Controller of the Stationery Office, and
laid before Parliament last month, as a proof of the
profligate expenditure and gross negligence of former
Governments in one branCh of our internal economy.
Patronage with these seemed to be every thing—the
interests of the community, nothing. Individuals,
who held rotten boroughs, could obtain for
themselves, or their friends, any situation, and
receive profits to almost any amount, unchecked
either by the Government or the House of Commons,
provided only they supported the Ministry. The pro-
gress of reform has happily put an end to such nefa-
rious practices. It appears from this paper that for
the three years immediately previous to 1830, the
average amount paid to Sir A. B. KING, the King's
stationer in Ireland, for stationery, printing, and
binding, was 22,263/. ; and that, since that pe-
riod, it has not exceeded 7,4881., making a
saving to the public of 14,775/, a year ; that the
amount paid to the printers of Parliamentary papers
for the Sessions 1830 and 1831 was 86,2171., and for
the Sessions 1832 and 1833, 53,797, making a saving
of 32,5971. or 16,298/. a year; that the saving to the
public by the reduction of the prices paid to
the King's Printers for Acts of Parliament amounts
to considerably more than 6,0001. a-year, and that
in consequence of a negotiation entered into with the
King's printer in Scotland, the expense for stationery,
&c., in that country have been reduced from 10,5001.
to 4,5001., making an annual saving of 6,0001., and
a saving on the whole of 43,000/. a year. In most of
these items it will be seen that the clear profits, over
and above the ample remuneration which the present
prices afford, are in some instances two-thirds, and
on an average fully one half, of the whole charge.
What man that preferred worldly pelf to patriotism
would be a Whig in those days ? And need we
wonder that the STRACIIANS, and SPOTTISWOODS,
and HANSARDS, have made such enormous fortunes ?
There is one point which Mr. CHURCH has left un-
explained. How happens it that for the last two years
the prices paid to Messrs. NI c HoLs for printing the votes
of the Commons have been reduced 40 per cent., while
those paid to Messrs. HANSARD, and the King's
printer, will produce respectively a saving of only 25
and 20 per cent ? Is this in consequence of any re-
luctance to reduce the charges on the part of the
SPEAKER, who, we believe, has, or, claims the privi-
lege of appointing these officers? We merely inquire
for information.

We direct particular attention to the evidence of the
LORD CHANCELLOR, on the libel law, delivered be-
fore a Select Committee of the House of Com-
mons, which will be found in another part of The
Sun. The importance of the extract which
we have given to-day, is chiefly in conveying
to the people of the United Kingdom, the opinion of
the highest, and unquestionably the most intelligent,

legal authority in the Empire, on the moral and poli-
tical effect of continuing the stamp duties on news-
papers. The opinion of Lord BROUGHAM is invalu-
able on the merits of such a question. His Lordship
is a profound thinker, a sagacious observer, and a
most discriminating judge of the effects produced
by the dissemination of the seeds of thought,
observation, and reflection, among the great mass of
mankind. The CHANCELLOR is not a mere law-
judge, who weighs every question in the balance of a
profession, more celebrated for its knowledge of
its own previous acts, than its acquaintance with time
effects of equity on human conduct ; on the con-
trary, in whatever is submitted to him, he beholds
with eagle-eyed penetration a disjointed fragment
of the great frame-work . of social order, which,
unless carefully repaired and replaced, will en-
danger the stability of the entire structure. We have

not time to-day to enter' into the merits of
his Lordship's arguments and illustrations, in proof
of the sound policy, and immense national ad-
vantage of the abolition of all taxes on the
dissemination of knowledge, but our earliest attention
shall be given to the subject. In the meantime
we call particular attention to the following remarks,
as just as they are admirable :
" I am of opinion that a sound system of Government re-
quires the people to read and inform themselves upon political
subjects, else they are the prey of every quack, every impostor,
and every agitator who may practise his trade in the
country. If they do not read—if they do not learn—if
they do not digest, by discussion and reflection, what they
have read and learned—if they do not thus qualify them-
selves to form opinions for themselves, other men will form
opinions for them, not according to truth and to the inte-
rests of the people, but according to their own individual
and selfish interests, which may, and most probably will, be
contrary to that of the people at large. The best security
for a Government like this, for the Legislature, for the
Crown, and generally for the public peace and public mo-
rals, is, that the whole community should be well informed
upon its political as well as its other interests ; and it can
be well informed only by having access to wholesome,
sound, and impartial publications. Therefore they will and
ought to read the news of the day, political discussions,
political events, the debates of their representatives in Par-
liament, and of the other House of Parliament ; and on
not one of these heads can any paper be published, daily or
weekly, without coming under the stamp law ; consequently
the people at large are excluded, by the dear form in which
alone the respectable publishers can afford it, while they pay
the duty. They can only have it in a cheap form by pur-
chasing of publishers of another description, who break the
revenue law by paying for no stamps, and also break all
other laws by the matter they publish. If instead of news-
papers being sold for 6d. or ls., they could be sold for Id.,
I have no manner of doubt there would immediately follow
the greatest possible improvement in the tone and temper of
the political information of the people, and therefore of the
political character and conduct of the people. It is my de-
cided and deliberate opinion, from very long and anxious con-
sideration, that the danger is not of the people learning too
much, but knowing too little".