The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-24 00:00:00

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OCTOBER 24, 1871.
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LONDON, FRIDAY
'
.4
111.
.
7

PUBLICATIONS.

most sincerely that, in consequence of the removal
from the City of a large number of houses, it was
most desirable, and indeed most important, that pro-
vision should be made in the way of residences for the
poorer classes who might thus be dislodged.—(Hear,
hear.) He felt, in common with the committee, that
the fact was pressing upon them more and more, that
while they were creating mansions in the new streets
they were at the same time not providing buildings
for the re ception of the labouring classes, nor, indeed,
in such places as the new Cannon-street, could they
do so. They had, therefore, to seek fur other and
more fit spots, where the smaller tradesmen might
profitably carry on business.--(Hear, hear.) The
preposition the committee had then the honour of
making to the Court was the fireest they could adopt
under the circumstances, and the first, indeed, of the
kind they had had the opportunity of making. The
parties living in the neighbourhood of the newly pro-
posed line of street leading from Farringdon-street to
Coppice-row, Clerken well, occupied dwellings of the
most inferior kind, and by their removal much good
would be effected; so that it would be seen that, in-
stead of the Corporation making a waste of the
neighbourhood, they would accommodate with far
better dwellings the inhabitants of the locality.
It was quite clear to every one that in consequence
of the extension of sanitary improvements large ex-
penses had been entailed upon landlords, who could
not repay themselves by carrying out the objects of
the Government in removing buildings approached
from low gateways, and so densely populated that
the air was scarcely ever of a pure character. The
question for that corporation to consider was whether
they would largely enter upon this question as a duty
to themselves, and for the purpose of expending their
reserved funds, so that the works, when completed,
might be useful to the poorer classes.—(Hear, hear.)
He would shortly explain the po were they possessed
"PinsloKeseEstate Fund."
as to the control of the
In 1845 proceedings were. take -with 'reference to
this fund by the Corporaterel, will, having in view
the large portion of revenue derived therefrom,
sought powers to enable its members to dispose
(through the medium of its Improvements Commit-
tee) of the accumulating fund by the purchase of
property. That was followed by a report made by
that committee, in which the desirability of obtain-
ing powers of such a character was distinctly recom-
mended, with the view of instructing the Remem-
brancer to introduce them into the Clerkenwell Im-
provement Bill. Such clauses having been agreed
to, they were consequently appended to the mea-
sure, and now formed the 12th and 13th sections of
the Act.—(Hear, hear.) Projects of this character
had received favourable reception by the Legislature.
Earl Shaftesbury had always evidenced the warmest
desire to improve the working classes, and his Royal
Highness Prince Albert had patronised model houses
for the poor with an ardour that was worthy of his
exalted character. The question then was, would the
Corporation do the same ? The middle classes would
not do so, even with the hope of profit, nor should
they attempt to do so as a Corporation simply for the
purpose of making money ; all they should seek was
such a return as would enable them to keep the pre-
mises in repair, and not waste the property with which
they were entrusted. The money received should be
put periodically into the funds, and thus applied over
and over again to the general benefit.—(Hear, bear.)
They ought to do this, in his opinion, on an extensive
scale. It was no use building one or two houses, but
to instruct the architect to provide good houses and
shops in front, with smaller ones well lighted and
ventilated at the rear, furnished, by the way, with
water, and every appliance necessary for domestic use.
(Hear, hear.) The question then was, would the
Court entrust to the committee the disposal of
42,4691. 3s. ?—(Cries of " yes.") Many remarks as
to the existence of knackers' yards in that vicinity
had been made by the public press, but he was glad
to say that by the erection of these buildings upon
such a site the " boiling houses" would be put
down, and the interests of the poor residing out of
the boundary of the city of London would be consi-
dered.—(Hear, hear.) What they had to do was to
see that they so built and let these houses as to keep
enough to maintain them in repair, and he was confi-
dent that by adopting the report, and thus confiding
in the committee, they would be doing an immense
amount of good in aiding the humane and proper con-
siderations of the promoters of sanitary reform, while
they would furnish to many parties who might be
driven from the localities they used to reside in much
more comfortable abodes in the immediate vicinity of
their brevious residences.--(Hear, hear.)
Deputy Benroan seconded the motion. He consi-
dered that buildings of this description had long been
required in the city of London.—(Hear, and No.)
Mr. R. TAYLOR spoke in favour of the motion; but
stated that the property, which included the knacker's
yard and other abominations in the neighbourhood of
the projected improvements, never belonged to the
City. He wished to remove any imputations of the
kind from the character of the Corporation. Those
places belonged to the aristocracy and the Church—
(Loud laughter)—and the Corporation were about to
take them out of such un worthy bands.—(Laughter
and cries of " Hear, hear.")
Mr. BENNOCH approved very highly of the re•
port, but hoped that inasmuch as the money which
was to defray the expense of the buildings had arisen
from accumulations of the Finsbury estate, the large
and crowded district in which that estate was situated
would not be forgotten.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. Deputy HOLT said it might be injudicious in
the Court to adopt the suggestion just made, inasmuch
as at the end of eighteen years the part of Finsbury
in which improvements appeared to be most neces-
sary would fall into the hands of the Bishop of Car-
lisle.— (Laughter.)
Mr. HENRY BLARE asked whether it was the in-
tention of the committee to combine a system of baths
and washhouses with the dwellings for the use of the
poor ?

amount is afforded, when a reasonable probability exists
that it will be the means of providing tha recipients
with permanent employment..
" The Hungarian refugees, being generally men in
the prime of life, are, with very few exceptions, desirous of
proceeding without delay to a country where they can at
once obtain by their own exertions an independent po-
sition. The funds of the Hungarian Committee are
therefore employed almost exclusively in providing the
refugees under its charge with the means required for
their conveyance to America.
" The Council of the Polish Association, and the Hun-
garian Committee, trust that your honourable Court'
will approve of the objects to which their efforts are di-
rected ; they cannot, indeed, doubt that such will be
the case when they reflect on the reception which you
have decided on affording to the illustrious exile in the
Cause of constitutional liberty who is about to set foot on
our shores. Proud as he must feel at receiving such an
approval of his policy from the municipality of the first
city in the world, his satisfaction will assuredly be en-
hanced by Ending that whilst cheering him by your
sympathy and applause, you have not forgotten to alle-
viate the sufferings of those who followed him with
unshaken fidelity to the termination of his glorious
career.
,‘ We therefore humbly pray your Honourable Court
to grant the use of the Guildhall, as decorated for the
dinner on Lord Mayor's Day, for the purpose above-
mentioned.
" On behalf of the Council,
(Signed)' " DUDLEY COUTTS STUART, President.
" W. LLOYD BIRKBECK, Hon. See."
This memorial was brought up by Mr. Richard
Taylor, but before that gentleman had an opportunity
of speaking in its support—
Mr. ANDERTON asked several questions of Lord
Dudley Stuart, M.P., which were answered statisti-
cally by the Hon. Member, apparently to the satis-
faction of the majority of the Court.
Mr. R. TAYLOR then said that he brought up the
memorial with pleasure, and he advocated its prayer
with pleasure also. The, object of it was to provide a
pecuniary sum, not only-- for the Poles, but for the
exiled Hungarians, to sfoisfble them_be obtain a passage
to America. It had been often asked, and be believed
that was the only objection to the applications on the
part of the advocates of a ball to the Poles—why has
this application been so frequently repeated ? His
answer was that the persecution of the Poles had been
repeated for a great number of years, and that so long
as such persecutions should be repeated, so long
would they be justified in granting the use of the
Guildhall to the committee on similar occasions to the
one for which it was then solicited.—(Hear.)
Deputy HOLT seconded the motion.
Mr. MURRELL moved the previous question, which
not being seconded he endeavoured to push an amend-
ment to the effect that the unendowed hospitals and
dispensaries of the metropolis should share with the
Polish committee in the profits. This also fell to the
ground.
Mr. ANDERTON had thought, he then thought, and
he should still continue to think, that the Corporation
ought to have nothing to do with the question.
Alderman CARTER reminded the Court that when
Lord Dudley Stuart had applied to the Court for the
use of the hall immediately after her Majesty's late
visit, upon being informed that it had been promised
for the benefit of the ward schools and dispensaries of
the City of London, his Lordship had, with the ut-
most grace, withdrawn his application, the under-
standing being that he should be at liberty on the
forthcoming occasion of applying again.—(Hear.)
The prayer of the memorial was then almost unani-
mously acceded to.
THE STREET ORDERLY SYSTEM.
Mr. ANDERTON then brought up a petition in favour
of the street orderly system.
Mr. 11. L. TAYLOR inquired of one of the'memo-
rialists what was intended by the "Committee of
Co-operation"—whether the members of it were sub-
scribers, how they met, and what they paid ?
This course, however, was opposed by some, but
supported by Deputy HARRISON, who considered that
they could not entertain the petition, as it was opposed
to the standing orders of the Court, no amount of
subscriptions being specified in it.
Mr. ANDERTON, in the midst of considerable con-
fusion, proceeded to state that he did not intend to
offer any remarks upon the subject-matter of the pe-
tition. He had simply done his duty in presenting it,
as he had been requested to do so by several bankers
and other influential parties.
Mr. H. L. TAYLOR, in moving that the petition
" do lie upon the table," said that he thought it was
not right that the corporation should lend themselves
to the support of a plan of the kind before them, un-
less they thought that the Commissioners of Sewers
were not competent for the duties of their office re-
specting the cleansing of the public streets of the
City. If the Court thought so, let them enc.airage
another body, who should hourly and daily if they
please, cleanse the streets ,by adopting the motion.—
(Hear, hear.) He trusted the Court would do no
such thiug.—(Hear, hear.) For his part, he regarded
the plan proposed as an obstruction of the streets by
these street-orderlies; and not only so, but he was
satisfied that, if they adopted it, a large additional
amount of cost would have to be met by the
ratepayers.—(Hear, hear.) It had been said that
the inhabitants were desirous of adopting this new
system ; but were they aware of the additional outlay
it would entail ? He was aware that several mem-
bers of the different wards had been " hunted up" to
attend meetings; and by whom were they got up?
Why, the principal gentleman who had effected the
movement, and thus got up these meetings, was not
even a citizen of London.—(Hear, hear.) If such
things were to be permitted, and it was thus to be
thought that they were incapable of managing their
own affairs, the time had almost come when they
should abolish wardmotes altogether.—(Hear, hear.)
At some of the meetings—one in Aldersgate at least
—nobody had attended; in Farringdon- without but
three ; and in Cheap ward, out of five motions made,
four out of the five were proposed by the deputy.—
(Laughter.) He believed there was no real or vital
interest in the movement. He did not blame men
who might be desirous of handing their names even in
this way, down to posterity, but he hoped that when-
ever they attempted to do anything of the sort they
would put their hands into their own pockets, and
not into those of the ratepayers. He moved that the
petition he laid on the table.

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In 1850;
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Author of " Travels in Circassia," &c.
Colturn and Co., Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-Street.
Orders received by all Booksellers.

Mr. T. H. HALL said the committee were waiting
for information from Alderman Salomons, who had
promised to place before them the result of his in-
quiries into the effect of what had been already done.
—(Hear, hear.) The system of baths and wash-
housest
o .I‘Plar r. l m.
Be nr.."l. —K
E( Icioena
congratulated the Couyrt upon the
proposition which had been communicated
in the report, and upon the warm manner in which it
had been received. He considered that the proposed
disposal of the funds was exactly adapted to the con-
ditions upon which the money was given in trust to
the Corporation.—(Hear.) He was glad to find that
the committee had not taken any great credit to
themselves for what they had done, and trusted that
the Court would act with similar prudence, and not
claim for themselves any extraordinary praise for what
they had done at the eleventh hour.—(Laughter.)
Mr. NORRIS had no objection to the report, but he
thought the committee were bound to submit the site
and the plan of the proposed buildings to the Court
for approval.
Mr. T. IL HALL briefly replied. He considered
that the report was the commencement of an exten-
sive system by which the community would be greatly
benefited.—(Hear.) If the Court agreed upon the
subject, the committee would by and by come for-
ward with many more suggestions. Some objections
had been anticipated from the parish in which the
buildings were proposed to be erected, but it must be
admitted that it would be more desirable to have at
the back of a street in which large houses and shops
were constructed, respectable habitations for the poor,
whose labour was so essential to all, than the misera-
ble, filthy, unhealthy tenements which at present
abounded.—(Cheers.)
The report was then unanimously agreed to.
THE COAL DUTIES.
, and activity
Mr. DARIN said it was most gratifying to see that
fora( the produc-
tion revenues of the Corporation were managed in such
e
duties for a long
a manner as to show, that not
.withstanding all that
had been said, the public were justified in placing the
totuihfot
emnnt ohogseft a
membersarvelell i
noticema nocn eeyu
opst
fhoranet
the thereceived
evceso dil op integrity,fuoolrrdactomi
oa
onl
v.
_ze e
series of years. lie would show, when the return
was furnished, that the confidence of the public had
not been abused.
Unanimously agreed to.
EALL IN AID OF THE ASSOCIATION OF THE FRIENDS or
POLAND AND OF THE HUNGARIAN COMMITTEE.
A deputation, composed of Lord Dudley Coutts
Stuart, M.P., General Klapka, Colonel Count Za-
moyski, Mr. W. Adams Smith, and Lieutenant
Charles Szculczewshi, presented, through Mr.
Richard Taylor, the following petition :
" To the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, Alder-
men, and Commons of the City of London, in
Common Council assembled.
"In approaching the bar of your Honourable Court,
for the purpose of requesting your permission that a ball
should be given in your Guildhall in aid of the funds of
the Literary Association of the Friends of Poland and of
the Hungarian Committee, we beg to state very shortly
the purposes to which the proceeds of the ball, should
desirous
usolfoclecaulpiantg occupations, and in
un furnishingt
y
you be pleased to comply with the prayer of our peti-
tion, will be applied.
with
the those
e whoee necessary
e
:aa
rry
" The resources at the disposal of the Polish Associa-
tion are employed almost exclusively in the relief of re-
fugeesth who are incapacitated by sickness from following
their usual
funds Tr,
some few instances assistance to lama ,
this co

Mr. Deputy LOTT seconded the motion, on the
ground that the Commissioners of Sewers would in
a day or two publish a report of great value upon
this question. That body had given the subject their
most deliberate consideration for some time past ; and
as to the expense, there was not a doubt but that in-
stead of its being, as now, about 6,0001. or 7,0001.
per annum, it would reach at least 20,000/.
After a short conversation, Mr. A nderton agreed
to withdraw the petition until the next Court, it
being understood that in the meantime every member
thereof should be furnished with a copy of the report
on the subject made by Mr. Hayward, the surveyor to
the City Sewers Commission.

Mr. DAKIN (the chairman of the Great Central Gas
Company) called the attention of the Court to the
clause in their Act of Parliament which enabled the
Corporation to appoint auditors of the accounts of the
company in the month of December, and stated his
intention to put a notice upon the paper of business of
the next court on the subject.

SEABORNE MAILS.
[N signifies that the malls are sent front the General Post-office
by the night—and Ai by the morning--dispatch.]

When made up in' From what
PLACES. General Post-office' port dis- When
London: patched. due.
America (by Brit. pkt.)N Oct. 24 .. Liverpool .. Oct. 27
America (by U.S. pkt.) N Oct. 28 .. ::IlLiverpool Nov. 1
America (by U.S. pkt.) M Nev. 5 .. .. Southampt.
Africa (West coast).. N 14th of the month ,Plyntouth Nov. 3
Alexandria* ........ N 19th & 30th of mo.lDover .. Oct. 28
Belgium .. .. .. N, Daily .. .. ..Dover' .. Daily
Brazil .. . • .. 2.119 th of the month Southampt. Nov. 16
Buenos Ayres .. .. M 9th of the month ,Soathampt. Nov. 16
California(viaChagres)M 2d& 17th of month Southampt. Arrived
Cape of Good Hope N 14th of month Plymouth.. Nov. 3
Constantinople* .. •• N 7th 17th 27th ofmo Dover .. Oct 30
Central America .. M 2d& 17th of mon. ISouthampt. Arrived
Channel Isles • • .. N Mon., Wed., &Fri.,Southampt. To. Th. Sat
Chill .. .. .. . Mil7th of the month ISouthampt. Arrived
France .. .. M&N Twice daily .. Dover .. Twicedally
Greece* .. .. •• N,7thl7th 27th ofmo Dover .. Oct. 30
Hanaburgh .. .. N Tuesday & Friday London .. Tues. Sat.
Holland .. •• .. M Wedneu. & Satur.,London .. Mox.Thur.
Hondurs.s .. .. . N 17th of the moath,Southampt. Arrived
Ireland .. .. 31 & N Twice daily .. .. 'Holyhead .• Twicedally
India(via Southamp.) 31 20th of the month'Southanapt. Arrived
India(viaMarseilles) N Sth& 24th efmonth'Dover .. Nov. 2
Mediterranean (via I i
Southampton) M 20th of the month ,Sonthampt. 'Arrived
Mediterranean (via I 1
Marseilles) .. .. NAth&24th ofmonthlDover .. Nov. 2
Mexico
.. .. .. M,2d of the month.. Southampt.'Nov. 5
Madeira .. •• .. 11,9 th of the month iSouthampt. Nov. 16
Malta* .. ..
r 70,17t11,19th,27th 1 ,
I &30th of month I tuover Oct N

',Bth& 24th ofmonth
12d of the month.,
19th of the month
,7th, I 7th, I 3th,27th
&30th of month
Naples* Xsth 15th 25th of mOl
Papal States* .N sth 15t1125th of mol
Peninsular.. .. .7th 17th 27th of mo'
Porn •• • • Mll7th of the month
Tuscany* •• Icisth 15th251.11ofmo'
West Indies .. •. M 17th of the month
West Indies (except
Havanna & Nassau) Ml2d of the month ..
* The mails to those countries thus marl
French packet ',list Marseilles.
CALIFORNIA.—MaiIs to and from Californ
are now despatched and due by every Arne)

,Dover •• INov. 2
Southarnpt. Nov.
Southaropt. N0v.16
IDover Oct. 2i
Dover .. Nov. 2
Dover
Southarnpt. Arrived
Southampt. Arrived
Dover Nov. 2
Southampt. ,Arrived

r Sonthampt. Nov. 5
Lad (*) are conveyel by

via the United States
,11 pack 4

_HEAP OAINIBUSES.—Two other lines of cheep
omnibuses commenced running yesterday between Shadwell
Ratcliffe, and Oxford-street; the fares are regulated according
to distance, at 2d., 3d., and 4d. the charge for the whole
way. Low-fare omnibuses are about to be put on the New-
road, to run between the Great Western and Great Northern
Railway termini.

,
. _...)
0111gf /
-7.-e-1-41e1"--€-)ze-/;----*
.._ -__-?' k7:-----; --.
__.
striianntopaerfityeetadvtihseeds:b...
ate law and order in
a ....: i =Conservative
titolosetvoitnldvinceot t
oo r A
carryu
e '1 e",f,"
t oopceoomi
neg
sseleny and the other
•
etenGceos"
, ',-
(s,'
' person
. e-
, -•
s•
t• • -,
, : Ito
,_'
the Diet,
oans
' ihoensee, pointsbllt
in
buenfoyrecatehee
they were well determined to oppose with all their
force any infraction or slight of the authority of the
judicial tribunals, and any extortion of concessions by
a refusal of the levy to be demanded from the Diet.
toioiyfoaosus:gth :on vieta,
The Austrian Ministry appeared, however, little
anxious on the subject; they hugged themselves into
the conclusion that all the efforts of the Republicans
would fail befere the firmness of the Government,
and resolved upon nothing ! The Diet began ; through
half a year the contest was maintained between the
Conservatives and the Opposition. The latter had at
the Table of Deputies, in favour of a censure of the
tribunals, an amnesty, and other demands, among
which was one for the further establishment of the
Hungarian language, a majority of two; but at the
Table of Magnates a majority of nine-tenths against
them ; so that no decisien was arrived at, and the
eventual triumph of the Conservatives seemed assured
by the gradual conversion of several of the Opposi-
tion comitats. Thiers was at this time Minister in
France. Prince Metternich was eager to compass
the grant of his 18,000 recruits and the close of the
Diet. The Chancellor, Count Mailath, who had been
appointed to his office in the hope that he would
manage the Diet with better success than his prede-
cessor, Count Pall, was uneasy at the continuance
of the dispute, and suddenly there appeared, in 1840,
a royal rescript conceding the amnesty. This was by
the old .Emperor, since put out of the way. This was
backed by verbal communications calculated to soothe
the opposition Deputies. The recruits, and a contri-
mmtbivuoeerntsietwnrt,oebyreweyaeltire now voted. Kossuth's glory was en-
hanced, because it was through his sentence that the
Opposition
were
tiaeodrtoehfeaoadtbu,
anbtndhodoetoohnoeesi r way to the obtaining their
demands. The ranks, meanwhile, of the Conserva-
tives
Sovereign,
tdesertedhe
imputationb ytb
Kossuthe i r Go
foi Govern-
ment,
beingne
i-
from his prison amid the acclamation of the people.
A subscription had produced 10,000 florins for his
family. On the Ist of January, 1841, be came for-
an
tall2Boflo no
florins
npteerd
annum4,OoO ,s ur
abisscerdi bhe La a
share number ward as chief editor of the Peet& .Hirlp This 'our-
meet his current expenses, but to purchuauset
the which,
hich,
profits
oans
mylttlol
to 12,000 florins. This sum enabled him
estate in the comitat of Gran for 30,000 florin,.
selected some well-paid sub-editors and reporters from
the reeks of the Opposition, and with these instru
ments he began the work of scattering over the face
of Hungary those cardinal elements of popular rights
and popular equality which soon advanced him to the
highest degree of confidence, affection, and veneration,
among almost the entire mass of the Hungarian
people.
While this masterly management of his journal was
daily increasing and extending his popularity the
Government looked on without stirring ; but the Con-
servative party felt the necessity of meeting the mis-
chief, both in print and in debate. Count Aurelius
Dessewffy, a young man of much talent, of the mode-
rate royal party, undertook the editorship of the Vilag
journal, in which he combatted the doctrines of
Kossuth and his republican scheme of reform.
Kossuth, however, contrived to hold his own by dint
of a style more suited to the popular desire for positive
concessions. In the commencement of the year 1842
sudden death removed Dessewffy from the field of
action, and replaced Kossuth in undisturbed possession
of the influence of the press.
In the Pesth Assenab!y three leading speakers main-
tained, with various success, the contest against
Kossuth. These were Dessewffy, Count Stephen
Szecheny, and Ziedenyi, the latter of whom, as a
Protestant and principal orator of the Conservatives a
the Table of Deputies, had some followers. They
could not master the opposition spirit in the comitat,
but they administered some bard blows to Kossuth]
They lost their mainstay in Dessewffy, but they
managed to defeat the election of Kossuth for the
Diet of 1843. Count Szecheney endeavoured, to-
wards the end of 1842, to neutralize the doctrines of
Kossuth by his work " Kelet Nepe," (" The People
of the East,") in which he denounced the projects of
his adversary for a separation from Austria. This
publication excited muchinterest, called forth a power-
ful reply from Kossuth, and several other answers
from Kossuth's adherents; but while it failed, as
books generally fail, to meet the influence of a poular
journal, it raised the popularity of Kossuth, and di-
minished that of its author with the people.
During the Diet of 1843-44, when the circulation
of the journal of its proceedings had risen to 7,000,
some controversies with his associates induced Kos..
suth to withdraw, Soon afterwards he established a
Hungarian commercial society, which operated, as he
intended, very powerfully to the spread of liberal
opinions throughout Hungary. The influence of
Kossuth extended. The nobles as well as the masses
of the people gathered around him. Count Louis
Bathyany, one of the wealthiest and most powerful of
the nobles, placed himself under the guidance of Kos-
suth, enthusiastic to co-operate with him in his great
plans for the relief of Hungary. Kossuth was elected
a Member of the Diet, and we come now to the be-
ginning of those scenes which brought the Austrian
Emperor to his knees—first to the Hungarians, and
secondly before the Emperor of Russia for help, in
his desperate extremities.
In Presburgh, Kossuth soon became paramount at
the Table of Deputies; the proceedings, however, had
not yet stepped beyond the usual track of opposition
policy, when the Paris revolution of February ex-
ploded, and scattered its sparks upon the tinder of
Hungary. In Kossuth it revived visions of the exal-
tation of Hungary, w hich could not bs resisted.
With the Vienna revolution came the long-desired
moment for action. A Hungarian Ministry was
planned, with Bathyany for its President. The Table
' of Magnates demurred, but the second day of the
spreading insurrection of Vienna made resistance im-
possible. Kossuth availed himself of the moment with
all the energy of his character. The youth of Pres.
burg were armed as a National Guard. In Pesth,
revolutionary assemblies wet, organ zed. On the
15th of March Kossuth appeared as the hero of the
day, at the head of a States deputation in Vienna,
in order to extort a local Hungarian Mi-
nistry from the Crown which had usurped: i a
powers ,
• the Vienna National Guards drew
his carriage into the city. Guards of honour were
posted at his lodgings; Count Brenner, Prince
Latnberg, Professor Hyde, and other notabilities of
the Austrian liberal party, waited uLon him; sad
the students placed themselves at his orders, to storm
the palace, should the Emperor be obstinate. The
Ministry was ratified by an imperial signature, and
Kossuth returned in triumph to Presburg, where he
truly declared, in open debate, that he bad held the
fate of the House of Hapsburg in his hand. The re-
sult invested him with the magic of greatness and
power, which, from this time forward, reduced all
his adversaries to submission, and made him all-
powerful with the people.
The subsequent career of this extraordinary man
is too vividly impressed upon the public mind to
need a minute recapitulation here. It was the base
treachery of Austria, in the instigation of the Croats
to insurrection, that rendered Kossuth and the Hun-
garians almost unappeasable. It was the usurpa-
tion, by Austria, of the independent powers of Hun-
gary, as a local Government, that made a desperate
contest with the usurper inevitable. And how,
,
of Itehs:
without means or money, Kossuth contrived to
raise those splendid armies which have inaortalized
the Hungarian name, is a ;miracle
contributions we attribute it to the spontaneous wealthier classes, and the universal confidence of all
classes in bis paper. But not only were these vast
and conquering armies raised by a governor without
money;
but in the midst of all the pressing wants of a
fearful war, many of the burdens of taxation upon the
people were removed. They enjoyed the blessings of
a free people before they had achieved them. Hence
the desperation with which they fought. At last,
when Jellachich had been ignominiously expelled,
when Windischgratz and the imperial forces of Aus-
triab had been scattered and driven across the Danube,
ofe
or destroyed, or captured; it was not the swarms
Cossacks from the Carpathian
and the
de-
stroyed the revolution, but the traitor G
History will for ever
Russian gold that bought him.
_ss t .
h History presents
silence the enemies of Kossuth. mountains that
lue of equal energy, only here and there an example
con-
stancy,
' example of power over:the
scarcely another such
great nation of people, of so
minds and hearts of a
ability, integrilamp and
and traditions,
andand
races, castes, and classes,.
Many
the nation of Hungary. It is
pure,as and lofty mind that could blend
great,
conflicting elements into a harmonious mass, and
lefluacclhthem cheerfully to all the sacrifices of a most des-
perate revolution.
only local
adifferences,
The Jewish Chronicle, in speaking of Kossuth,
says—
The share which the Jews took in the Hungarian
struggle for independence was no small one. Who-
ever is able to conquer prejudice will confess that
there is in this oriental people a moral fund, which
explores the purest gold of virtue from the deep mines
in which it lies buried. Not as Jews, but as children
of the country, they joined the ranks of the brave
Hungarians, and did not keep back in the reserve
corps at the rear; but we saw them in the avant-
guard, where the battle was the hottest, staking
blood, on the political view they took of their
their
lives and their existence, their property and
the affair.
In the army of the Magyars fought thousands of
Jews,
and many commoners,
es
among whom werea general
parents, and their
Not only the young men left their
but the old and re-
flectingpossessions for the field of a
love and ardent aspirations
whose wounds have since f rendered
their them invalids.
for Hungary and her heroic leaders. The rabbles
and Jewish preachers are now
suffering punishment
_ i
the
exorbitant
con.
for their natural sympathies,s"
Jews glowed with

[PRICE SD.

LOU'S KOSSUTH.
ukrossiisuEthDisuounN, GofAßth
(From the New York Herald.)
SKETCGII OF TUE LIFE OF THIS DISTIN-
Louis
Like WaAlington, Na leAgNreaPtAmTeßnloOfTthe day.
Napoleon, Charles the Twelfth,
Frederick the Great, Alexander, be brilliant
page in history ; but more like rivaseb.fills a
ington than the
others named, Kossuth occupies the heart
of the re-
publican world. We give asketch of his life. Our
authorities, however, are Austrian—bitter, malignant,
and vindictive against the patriot ,
, but, with the
ri
sting and the venom extracted we -believe we have
the man.
furnished our readers with a
pretty fair biography of
Kossuth is in his 45th year. He was born in the
county of Zemplin, in 1806. His father was a
law
and a small landowner, of the noble class, at UjeYeleri
in the comitat of Zemplin, a member of? the Aug sY-'
burg Confession. His possessions being limited to a
few acres of vineyard and arable land, did not
admit of much expense on the education of his
children. He found means, ' indeed, to place
his son Louis in the College of Scharaschpatack, a
Protestant institution in the neighbourhood. With
this aid he prepared himself for the profession of
an advocate. After obtaining his diploma he be-
came agent to a Countess Szspary. The influ-
ence which he derived from this position, and from
the relations which he had established at college
with the nobe classes of the district, gave him some
weight in the assembly of the comitat, in which
the noble proprietors and official dignitaries are ac-
customed to meet together from four to six times in
the year, for the management of local affairs, the ex-
ecution of Government decrees, &c. In these as-
semblies the principal influence naturally devolves
on the holders of civil offices, and on those who, by
their oratory, influence the elections to those offices.
After the lapse of several years, Kossutl4.64e,d his
accounts with the Countess Saapary, and,in Voss„ .of
A larger field for the practice of . the law, -rersoyed
to Pesth. Here he found the chances of advance-
ment in the legal profession cut off by the number
of established competitors, and in the year 1822
he betook himself to Presburg as the abelgat or
representative in the Hungarian Diet of an absent
magnate, in which capacity be enjoyed a resi-
dence rent-free, a seat at the lower table, and a right
of speaking, but not of voting, in all which particulars
his position was exactly that of some 300 similar re-
presentatives of absentee noblemen, most of whom
were likewise educated for the law. At the coins
mencement of the proceedings of this Diet Kossuth,
it is said, once assayed to speak ; but as if abashed at
his presumption in the presence of the older and more
experienced heads around him, he desisted, and fell
back upon the idea of setting on foot a journal, to be
devoted to the proceedings of the Diet, and specially
to the publication of the discussions in the sittings of
the circles, so-called, of which no printed protocol
had ever yet appeared. These sittings were,
.in fact,
held by the Government to be merely conferences of
the deputies, at which subjects were discussed, not
under the presidence of a deputy of the Government,
but under that of members, who were changed every
week, and merely as a preparation for ulterior dis-
cussion in the Diet proper, the diary of which was
printed. This preparatory discussion did, how-
ever, in truth, involve the pith of the proceedings
of the Diet, for, conducted under the supervision of
a popular audience, unchecked by the presidence
of a Government official, it laid the ground for the
constant preponderance of the party which enjoyed
the favour of the people. The effect, indeed, upon
the deputies present was not immediate wi respect
to the decision of questions at issue, for the deputies
were strictly bouiid by the instructions furnished to
them by their constituents. The comitats received
once or twice a month from their respective deputies
official reports of proceedings, and were very gene-
rally guided in their further instructions by the tone
of these reports, and the manner in which the various
proposals of the popular or opposition party was com-
mented upon in them. These reports were read in
the comitat assemblies, and those who had a seat in
the latter thus obtained a knowledge of the speeches
delivered in the Diet, but the public at large had little
or no information of them.
This state of things Kossuth determined to turn
to the account of the opposition. With funds con-
tributed by some of the deputies, he procured a
lithographic press, with the view of disseminating
his journal at as cheap a rate as possible, though
not without some profit to himself; through all the
comitats. The experiment took with the people ;
but the Austrian spies became alarmed, and soon
the Central Government ordered the paper to be sup-
pressed. Kossuth's party in the Diet resisted. It
would not do to put down the Liberal journal, and
the matter was compromised by buying out the press.
But this did not stop the paper. It was published in
manuscript, and though the price was raised of ne-
cessity, the experiment still succeeded. The price
was indeed raised to six florins for the monthly
amount of the journal, of which one or two sheets
were issued twice a week ; the number of readers de-
creased, but still each comitat was a customer for
from one to six copies. In the towns several societies
paid in advance, and many deputies contributed in-
dividually, for it was found that the speeches of sub-
scribers and benefactors were improved and enriched
under Kossuth's treatment, and reputation and popu-
larity flawed from his pen. The enterprise was alto-
gether a hit, and Kossuth soon arrived not only at
covering his expenses, but at some consideration in a
country of which he influenced with a progressive
force the representative body, their discussions, and
their decisions; while, at the same time, he acquired
numerous followers, in a body of young copyists, who
remained in after times his zealous adherents.
With the close of the Diet, after a session of four
years, in the year 1836, these sources of Kossuth's
influence and prosperity were dried up, and he
betook himself to reporting the proceedings of the
comitat assemblies, which were communicated by
local reporters, and distributed once more, in a
lithographic shape, among numerous subscribers at
Pesth

The Government again became alarmed, and made
several ineffectual attempts to suppress the ob-
noxious journal ; but still it continued to report a
series of eloquent harangues upon the legal questions
which now agitated the whole country, and his own
speeches in the Assembly trangressed all limits of the
respect considered to be due to the Sovereign. The
Palatine at last received an instruction to seize the
press at the comitat House of Assembly, to arrest
Kossuth himself, and proceed against him on a charge
of high treason. In consequence of the illness of the
Archduke Palatine the execution of this order de-
volved upon the Chief Judiciary, the Count Cyraky,
and the Crown Fiscal, Fejesch, with a company of
grenadiers, arrested Kossuth at his residence, in the
Ofner-hills, in April, 1837. His papers also
were seized, and among them many important
letters from Deputies of the Opposition, of
which, however, no further notice was taken. Kos-
auth's defence was conducted by the Baron Nicholas
IVesseleny, who was himself under a similar accusa-
tion, founded on expressions against the King,
which, in his zeal for the dissolution of all bonds of
loyalty, he had made use of in the Assembly of the
Szathmar Comitat. In his case his personal liberty
was not affected, as, by the law of Hungary, a cer-
tain amount of property is considered as surety
against the escape of an accused party. Kossuth,
having no property, was not exempt from personal
durance. Several young people, who had followed
Kossuth's lead in the agitation of their comitats,
were also arrested on charges of high treason. He
himself was conveyed to the fortress of Ofen, where
he was allowed books, writing materials, and news-
papers, and a daily walk on the bastions with an
officer. Here he devoted himself with much a li
cation to political studies, and to that of the PrePnPch"
language, and it was at this period that he gathered
from the republican' of that count maxims
and principles which ineradicably fixed his ow ry
• •
dence rose upon his imag
It was here that the dream of Hungariann oinpdmions.
ination—that the ideepaeno-f
erevenge
hupon e Austriadur
ed w afso re
ntgheen d
weLodn.gsltwwhaischabohuits
this ti me that the relation commenced which resulted
in his subsequent marriage with the daughter of a
noble of Stuhlweissenburg, Wesseleny—a lady who,
inspired with admiration for his political exertions,
sent him books and exchanged letters with him in
his captivity. They were married soon after his libe-
ration, in 1841. The sanction of the Romish Church
was obtained for this mixed marriage with difficulty,
and it was celebrated by a Protestant clergyman.
The proceeding for high treason ended in 1839, with
a sentence to four years' imprisonment. W selen y
between
these condemned to the same. The connexion
these two was cemented by equality in suffering, and
to them both.
the halo of patriotism which attached
In this year,Hungarian Diet assemble
d
and the _ e ,
and had to deal with a demand from Government for
18,000 recruits. The opposition, or popular party,
turned to account the popular excitement produced
by the sentences against Kossuth and his associates,
in order to procure the election of deputies pledged
to attach to this levy of men the condition of a gene-
ral amnesty, and various other concessions. The
liberation of the prisoners was naturally a very
popular question, but, in the eyes of men anxious for
the authority and consideration of the Government,
pregnant wish Beijous constcplenees, The leaders of