The Sun.
London, England, 1851-08-20 00:00:00

4; 1: '
el 2: ~,,..,! AUGUST 20
0 1„...: _
LONDON, WEDNESDAY /1 ~, Ni- .-,.
, ,
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, , jr.
• ' -'_, ' I 'i 7 9

SALES BY AUCTION.

The im,ortant and beautiful ESTATE of lIARPSDEN COURT, in
OXFORDSHIRE, with its capital Mansion, Manors, and valuable
Farms, comprising above 1,450 Acres, only One Mile from the
Town of Henley, overlooking the Thames and its rich and splendid
scerery, within six .iles of Reading.
ESSKS. DANIEL SMITII and SON are
7 commissioned by the Devisees in Trust to SE I.L by AUC-
TION, at the Mart, on TUESDAY, August 2G, at Twelve,
The above very choice and valuable FREEHOLD DOMAIN and
RESIDENCE, delightfully si uated in tile most beautiful part
of Oxfordshire, about one mile from Henley, upon the road to
Shiplaks and Reading, on the borders of Berks and Bucks,
toecther with the Manors of Harp den and Bolney. The fine
old family seat of Harpsden Court stands upon the rising ground,
close to the church, about midway between the river and the hills,
surrounded by beautifully undulated and to erbly timbered groan is,
wlll,ll by a short diversion of the roads and removal of some farm-
buildings, taking in the rookery, Court Farm, orchard, and the great
wood, might be easily formed into a fine and delightful park, com-
manding a vast extent of picturesque shaded drives and walks, and
magnificent views over the river and of its bold romantic wooded
banks. The domain is divided into several capital farms, with supe-
rior hornesteals, let to most highly respectable tenants ; the greater
part is very superior sound turnip and barley land, with some excel-
lent meadows. The estate is finely timbered, and interspersed with
woodlands full of thriving beech and oak, and forming good pre-
serves for game, and remarkably bold And picture que features of the
estate; and being near hounds and a magnificent river, it combines
the advantages of a favourite and choice neighbourhood for residence,
with all kins of sport, and a superior landed investment.
The Estate can only be viewed by an order, which may be had
at their Offices in Waterloo-place, Pall-Mall ; or of Messrs. Thomp-
son, Debenham and Brown, Solicitors, Salters' Hall, St. Swithin's-
lane ; and of Messrs. Graham and Son, Solicitors, Abingdon.

DEVONSHIRE.
SANDFORD ORLEIGH, a delightful Residence, with a valuable
Domain of about 70 Acres, in a favourite and beautiful I'art of
the County, within a Walk of the Railway Station at Newton
Abbots, and only 16 Miles from Exeter.
ESSRS. DANIEL SMITH and SON will
IV SUBMIT for absolute SALE, at the Auction Mart, on
TUESDAY, August 26 (unless previously disposed of by private treaty),
1 he above beautifully situate MANSION, erected within the last
6 years, of the olden style of architecture, with all the requisite ap-
pendages for a gentleman's establishment on a moderate scale, de-
lightfully placed on a healthy and highly picturesque eminence, com-
manding extensive marine and inland scenery, and sheltered by
ornamental shrubberies and plan4tions, surrounded by a valuable
farm, comprising about 70 acres of excellent pasture, arable, and
meadow land build a ring fence, with a newly-built farm-house, and
all necessary ings, and admirably situate between Teignmouth,
Chudleigh, Ashburton, and Torquay.
Particulars, with plans, may be had at the principal inns in the
neighbourhood; of Messrs. Smart, Buller, and Smart, Solicitors, 56,
Lincoln's Inn-fields ; of Reginald W. Templer, Esq., Solicitor, Teign-
mnuth ; at the Auction Mart ; and of Mews. Laniel Smith and
Son, Land Agents and Surveyors, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall.

MONMOUTHSHIRE.
Valcable small FREEHOLD LANDED ESTATES.
ESSII.S. DANIEL SMITH. and SON' will
IVA SELL by AUCTIO at the Mart, on TUESDAY, August
26, at Twelve, by order of the Executors and Trustees of the Will of
the late Michael tlrayburst, Esq.,
Two valuable FREEHOLD ESTATES, called the GRANGE ES-
TATE, and the RED HOUSE FARM ; the former containing about
214 acres, and the latter about 124 acres ; situate in the parishes of
Llanvihangel Yestern Llewerne, Llanyatock Vibonavel, Skenfrith,
Pe' rose, and Tregare, in the county of Monmouth, about midway
between Mon-nouth and Abergavenny. The Estates consist of two
Farm Residences and Farm-buildings, surraunded by capital Arable,
Meadow, Pasture and Wood Land, beautifully studdel with orna-
mental and thriving timber. The Grange House is well adapted for
the rcceotion of a genteel family.
Particulars may be obtained of Mr. Charles Lever, Solicitor, 1,
Frederick's-Place, Old Jewry; of Messrs. Abbott and Wheat'ey, 22,
-,outhampton•buildtngs, Chancery-lane; of Mr. White, of Lindors,
near Coleford; or of the Auctioneers, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall.

-
The e,lendid Domain of APPULDURCOMBE, in the Isle of Wight,
with its capital and noble Stone Mansion, rich and finely-timbered
Park, Manors, Woods, Farms, and other valuable and delightful
aPourten.'inces.
iii[Ess,ctS. DANIEL smut' and SON are
commis_
'toned by the Noble Proprietor to announce that the
above magnificent
REEHOLD DOMAIN, delightfully situated be-
tween Newport, BoCchurch, and Niton, in command of some of the
most beautiful scenery
.'if the Isle of Wight, will be SUBMITTED
,
to PUBLIC Ci iMPE ]T,NON in SEPTEMBER or early in OCTOBER
next (unless p eviously ells
„geed of by private treaty),
API'ULDURCOMBE has leillg ranked as the. most extensive and
important domain in the island, ,^4mprising m a perfect ring fence
nearly 5,000 acres (a great part tithe 'free), together with the Manors
Sandford, Week, and Apps,
of Appuldurcombe, Godshill, Whitwell,
gine mansion, of the Corin
urrounding a noble, spacious, and hands:
tanned for the most COM.
1,
thian style of architecture, and admirably '
salt. It is delightfully
fortable accommodation of a large establishn,
?lark of above 400
sheltered in a rich and superbly-timbered
itred by handsome
acres, walled round and boldly undulated, and en.
lodges and gateways, with beautiful pleasure-grog and capital
lodges, corn.
gardens, ornamental dairy, and gardeners' and keepers with their
Vali, and neat little lan. The several capital farms pi,,turesqu e
superior homesteads and cottages, beautifully studded in
its at
spots about tile estate, are let to highly-respectable tena.t,,
moderate rents, and are interspersed with ornamental wo'ands
m
and plantations, forming excellent preserves for game, and InOr-
sected by very beautiful and extensive drives. The various homz.,
and distant views embrace a surprising combination of grand and
lov• ly scenery, with spots of delightful seclusion, refreshed by
streamlets and many romantic and picturesque features, with a vast
expanse of the ocean from Sandown Bay to the Needles. It is alto-
gether an estate of very great value and importance, both as a fine
arid improvable landed investment, and a peculiarly healthy and
enjoyable residence.
It can be viewed only by orders, which may be had of Messrs.
Talients, Burnaby, and Griffin, solicitors, Newark ; Messrs. Sewell
and Estcourt, solicitors, Newport; and of Messrs. Daniel Smith
and son, land-agents, in Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London, who are
authorlsed to receive offers by private treaty. Descriptive parti-
cular , with plans, are preparing, and will be shortly published, with
theday of sale.

The FOX COVER ESTATE, in the parish of Goring, in the county
of Oxford, upon the picturesque bank of the Thames, which h,re
divides it from Berkshire, only two miles from the Pangbourn Sta-
tion in the Great Western Railway.
MESSRS.
OFFER for SALE by AUCTION, at the Mart, near the
Bans of England, on FRIDAY, September 19, at -Twelve (unless an
Acceptable o*er shall be previously made by private treat} ),
About 155 Acres of valuable FREEHOLD, ARABLE, PASTURE,
and beautiful IZrOOD LAND, abounding with game, and command-
ing several inviting spots for the erection of a Sporting-box, being
surrounded by excellent roads, and within easy reach of bounds and
the river.
Particulars and plans will be published in due time, and in the in-
terim, particulars may be had at their offices in Waterloo place, Pall-
mall ; and of Messrs. Maltby and Robinson, Solicitors, 7, New Bank-
buildings.

BURGIIFIELD, near rtEADING.
MESSRS. DANIEL SMITH and SON will
SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, on FRIDAY, September
19, at Twelve, instead of August 26, as before advertised (unless an
acceptable offer shall be previously made by Private reaty),
A valuable FREEHOLD FARM, known as KIRTONS, ‘n the pa-
rish of Ilnrghfield, a picturesque and favourite part of the county,
about three miles from Reading; comprising above 15 I acres of
Meadow, Pasture, and Arable Land, surrounding a roomy and com-
fortable Farmhouse, situate at a short pleasant distance from the
road, with good Garden, Orchard, and vaddoek. which might be
easily formed into ornamental grounds, being studded with handsome
oak i and elms. The buildmgs are of a superior description, nearly
all slated, and in good repair. :he Estate is in the occupation of a
very reap, ctable yearly tenant, Mr. 11. Iliscock.
Partkulars may be had at the principal inns at Readings at Messrs.
Barrett and Eystons, Solicitors, I, Gray's Inn-square ; at the Auction
Mart ; and of Messrs. Daniel Smith and Son, Laud Agents, Waterloo-
place, Pall-mall.

SCOTLAND.—Desirable ESTATES for SALE, in Lots, or together, '
forming an impurtant Domain.
PHE fine ESTATE of ROSE HAUGH, skirt-
AL. ing the splendid Moray Frith, in the parishes of Avoch, Rose-
n-tacky, and Knockbaln, and county of Ross, with its capital Mansion
and Shootings, is now for Sale, together, or in the nine following sub-
divisions, by private treaty, and if not so disposed of, will be offered
for Sale by Auction, at Edinburgh, in November next, viz. :-
110SEHAUGH Demesne, with the Mansion, &c., ORMOND CAS-
TLE, the BUDDIES, TULLOCH, BELMADUTIIY, BADDEBY,
TENIPL %NO, CLOY, offering compact and improving pfo-
perties for investment, the prices varying in amount from 4,0 0/. to
40,000/. and upwards, fixed on a very moderate scale, and bas_d on
thn rentals, which, on the expiration of the present rte must
be conAderably increased—very great improvements as to drainage,
extended cilltivation, new buildings, &c., having been made on the
estate since the farms we e let.
For plans and further particulars, apply to Messrs. Daniel Smith
and Son. I and Agents, in Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London ; to
Messr4. Cameron and Martin, 10 Neve Palace•yard, Mrcstm lister
to William Mackenzie, Esq., W.S., Charlotte-square, Edinburgh ; to
G. Campbell Smith, Esq., Banff, N. 8.; or to James F. Gillanders,
Esq., Balavil House. by Dingwall, N. 8., who will send a guide to
point out this boundaries of the respective lots.

SURREY.
Valuable little FARM. part FREEHOLD awl part COPYIIOLD,
near Guildford, eligible for building Sites.
rITESSRS. DANIEL SMITH. and SON will
VAL SELL by AUCTION, at the White Hart Inn, at Guildford,
on SATURDAY, Aitgust 30, at Two in the afternoon, together or in
Lots,
A valuable little ESTATE, known as PERRY-HILL FAR M,
near the C urch, in the parish of Worples 'on, about three miles
from Guildford ; comprising about 30 acres of very excellent land,
ornamentally timbered, with farm buildings, let to Mr. Daborn.
Some of the fields have good frontages upon the several roads to
Guildford, &c.
Particulars may be had of Mr. W. F. Burrell, solicitor,
Wareham ; at the place of sale ; and of Messrs. Daniel Smith and
Son,
land agents, in Waterloo-place, Pall-mall.

SURREY, ON THE BORDERS OF HANTS.
Small FREEHOLD and COPYHOLD ESTATES, at FRINILEY, in

-- -
the parish of Farnborough.
MESSRS. DANIEL SMITH and SON will
SELL by AUCTION, at the White Dar Inn at Guildford,
OLL SA.rIJRDAY, August 30, at Two o'clock in the afternoon, by direc-
tion of the Mortgagees, in Lots (unless previously disposed of by
Private Treaty),

Divers FREEHOLD and COPYIIOLD ESTAVES, comprising a
pleasurable Farm of about 28 acres of land, and :several houses and
c Atages, including a public-house, situate at Fricaley, about a mile
from the Farnborough Railway Station, and half a mile from the
station on the Reading and Reigate Railway, seven miles from
Farnham, and nine from Guildford, offering, very :improvable invest-
ments for various small capital,, as well as desirable occupations.
Particulars may be had of Mr. Bridge, solicitor, 23, Lincoln's-inn-
fields ; and at Messrs. Daniel Smith and Son's oFflces, in Waterloo-
place,

•
MESSRS. R. COCKS AND CO.'S NEW MUSICAL PUBLIC rk-
TIONS.
AMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS
for the PIANOFORTE, 22d Edition, fingered by Czerny,
large music folio, price 4s.
" The veriest child may learn from Hamilton's book. The In-
structions are more like the oral communications of a person con-
versing with the learner than like the essays of bookmakers."—Vide
" Berwick Warder."
MUSICAL EDUCATION.—Messrs. COCKS and CO. have just
published a LIST of popular STANDARD WORKS, which are
approved by the most eminent teachers of music. Such is their
gradual progress that they at once win the love and attention of the
student : and all who ore engaged in the tuition of the young will
save themselves much time and trouble by obtaining this List, Which
may be had gratis. and postage free.
STEPHEN GLOVER'S VOCAL DUETS : —The Midnight Moon
The Murmuring Sea—The Echo Duet—A Voice from the Waves
—Why do you Watch the Lone, Lone Deep Voices of the Night—
Tell me where do I,aities dwell ?—The Two Forest Nymphs—The
Gii sy Countess—Tell me where is Beauty found ?—Happy Days—
: eaceful Nights—Music and her Sister Song—There is a Sweet
Will Rose—and Lis lovely duet, What are the Wild Waves saying ?
Each 2s. .6d. and 3s.
MERCHANTS, SHIPPERS, &c.. are respectfully invited to in-
spect the warehouses of Messrs. COCKS and Co., where will be
found an excellent STOCK of superior PIANOFORTES, from 22
guineas upwards, manufactured by them for all climates. Their
Musical Publications, likewise, will be found to exceed, in excellence
and number, those of any other house in Europe. Catalogues of in-
struments and music to be had gratis, and postage free, on applica-
tion. N.B. Pianofortes carefully packed in cases lined with zinc.
New Burlington-street, London.

SOYER'S SYMPOSIUM,
GORE HOUSE KENSINGTON.
SOYER'S GRAND EXTRA SOIREE THIS EVENING
(WEDNESDAY), in the Illuminated Fairy Land of England.
Enthusiastic reception of the Real Band of Negroes in their inimi-
table Entertainment of the Plantation Festivity—Chinese Pagoda-
telae—Orchcaitra, &c. &c.
The next Grand Extra SOIREE on FRIDAY next.
Admission One Shilling.

TRAVELLERS and VISITORS to the SEA-
COAST would do well to provide themselves with a bottle of
Rowlands' Aqua d'Oro. This fragrant and spirituous perfume re-
freshes and 'invigorates the system daring the heat of summer, and
will be found an essential accompaniment for the opera, the public
assembly, and the promenade. In all cases of excitement, lassitude,
or over exertion, it w 11 prove of great advantage taken as a bever-
age, diluted with water. Price 35. 6d. per bottle.
ROWLANDS' KALYDOR
will also prove a most refreshing preparation for the complexion,
dispelling the cloud of langour and relaxation, allaying all heat and
ritability, and immediately affording the pleasing sensation attend-
i. restored'elasticity and healthful state of the skin. Freckles, Tan,
Spots, Pimples, and Discolorations are effectually prevented and era-
dicated by its application ; and in cases of sunburn, stings of insects,
or incidental inflammation, its virtues are universally acknowledged.
Price 4s. 6d. and Bs. 6d. per bottle.
Sold by A. ROW..,AND and SONS, 2i, Hatton-garden, London ; and
by Chemists and Perfumers.

REMOVED to No. 9, GREAT WIN CH E;;TER-STREET, OLD
BROAD-STREET, ROYAL EXCHANGE.
OARSON'S ORIGINAL AN 11-CORROSION
PAINT, specially patronised by the British and other Govern-
ments, the Hon. East India Company, the principal Dock Companies.
most Public Bodies, and by the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy for out-
door work at their country seats. The Anti-Corrosion is particularly
recommended as the most durable out-door Paint ever invented, for
the presery ttion of every description of Iron, Wood, Stone, Brick,
'-..70rnp0, Cement, &c., work, as has been proved by the practical test
of upwa ds it 60 y ears, and by the numerous (between 50 and 600)
testimo ials in its favour, and which,: from the rank and station in
society of those who have given them, have never yet been equalled
by anything of the kind hitherto brought before the public notice.
Lists of Colours, Prices, together with a copy of the Testimonials,
will be sent on application to Walter Carson and Son. No. 9, Great
Winchester-street, Old Broad-street, Royal Exchange, London.
No Agents. —All orders are particularly requested to be sent direct.

GENERAL ELECTION.
THE MEN OF THE PEOPLE.
Few are prepared for a general election, and yet the on dit is, that
the present Parliament is not to meet again, consequently a few who
think they are alone n the secret, are quietly, bu , very earnestly,
canvassing their constituents, in a friendly way, not as it they
were in any alarm about their seats, but simply exhibiting an
officious attention, as if they were desirous of serving all the people
they call upon in the metropolis—one name absorbs ad the interest
—not exactly for a seat in Parliament, because their ambition has
always pointed to another office. But if the whole population of
the metropolis were polled to-morrow, Messrs E. MOSES and SON
would be voted the cheapest, the best, the most extensive Clothiers,
and the greatest benefactors in the kingdom to all classes. In the
field they choose to o .cupy, they were reformers. Through their
exertions, and the employment of their talent and capital, the price
of Clothing, which was a complete bar to the well dressing of all
persons of limited income, was reduced one-half, whiqh
brought it within the means of even the humble classes, who can
how dress respectably out of busieess, and creditably in it ;
for they not only procure things cheap, hut durable;
in fact, Messrs. E. Moses and Son have so completely laid them-
selves out with their immense staff of the first designers, fitters,
cutters, and workmen in Europe, for the supply of rich and poor,
exalted and humble, fashionable and plain, that they are not men
for a class, but men of the people. By employing a capital that
would buy up the productions of half the factories, they command
the markets, and the public; have the benefit of their cheap pur-
chases, for their profit has always been uniformly small, because
they have preferred to sell a hundred suits to any body
else's one,
and gain by numbers what others unfairly gain by exorbitant profits.
Messrs. E. Moses and Son have every garmen • made of the best
material of the kind—they mark every article with their unvarying
pace, in figures which everybody can understand ; and if any one
shouVi. feel dissatisfied after purchasing, they receive back the
article and return the money. Their noble Mart, at the corner of
Aldgate aid the Minories, is thrown open to the public, whether
purchasers or not, and they invite the visitors in London to inspect
the first stock in the world. Nor is their West-end branch less at-
iTactive, in New Oxford-street; sorner of Hart-street. At both
thele places there to such an assortment of Sportsmen's Dresses,
from head to foot, as was never seen elsewhere, comprising every
article desirable for the river and the field, light, strong, and
weather-proof.
E. MOSES and SON,

London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83,
44, 85, and 86, Aldgatc, opposite the Church, all communicating.
London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2,
vad 3, Hart-street, all communicating.
Bv.tdford " Yorkshire" Branch, 19, Bridge-street.
Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate.
:ailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Bost and *Ma-
nagers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen.
The 7ablishrnents are closed from sunset Friday to sunset Sa-
turday, wh' hußiness is resvmed till Twelve o'clock.

--_ -
MEDICAL ADYICE ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF
GUTH. D MATURITY.
With Plain Directions for their Prevention and Care.
FIFTY COLOUR .SP ENGRA VI NOR ON ,4TEEL.
Pot nuliisrisci, in French, English, German, Dutch, Spanish, and
Italian, at a Seaied sluvelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free, from the
Author, for forty-twe i•tamps,
s,,lvr.:Lll-IPitESERITATION; a
Ll' Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of
of Youth an
whichd Maturdestroy
ity,
suaily. acquired at an early period l
the physical and TX, call powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural
f ;clings, and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical
eutervations on the certain Prevention and successful Treatment of
nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis.,
stricture, and 5.,11 Diseases and Derangements resulting from Indis-
iiretioe, as adopted by Lallemand, Ricord, and other eminent mem-
bers of the faculty in France. With Fifty coloured Engravings,
illustrating the Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Re-
productive Organs, explaining their structures, uses, and functions,
and the various injuries that are produced in them by solitary
habits, excesses, and Infection.
BY SAMUEL LA'METIT, M.D.,
3/, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Ureter ef MeAleine. Matriculated Member ef the University of Edin-
burgh, Tionore.re Member of the London Hospital Medical Society,
Licentiate of A;iothecaries' Loneon, Member of the Hunterian
Medical Society of Edinburgh, &c.,
This work contains a plain and complete description of the ana-
tomy and physiology of; he reproductive organs,
who and of their relatthe
ive
conditions in health and d,. ease.
Dr. La'Mert, their
r
highest medical honours, as evidenced by the diplomas and testimo-
nials inserted in the work, is the only legally qualified medical man
who has exclusively, and for man; years, devoted his studies to
Cie treatment of these complaints. 1:43 may be consulted with ad-
vantage by all those whose constitutions may have become debili-
tated through secret practices acquired im youth, or by the excesses
of later years, whereby the pleasures of life are marred, the objects
of marriage frustrated, and existence itself rendered a term of un-
ceasing misery and regret.
Published by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater-
eoster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Starts, Titchborne-street,
Elsymarket ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Mann, 23, Cornhill,
or tree by post for forty-two stamps, from the author's residence, who
else t,E, consulted cn these disorders personally or by letter.dally.

DE. CUIVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho;
t 47, Fleet-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ;or direct from the author ,
'rice One Shilling each ; by post, ls. 6d,
ENJOYMENT OF LIrE.
"Resitla, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
:unions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes,
Forests, Fields, Highroads, and other pleasant places—Country
("rips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
zed, Ease, Occupation, IC., itso.

FRAGMENTS FROM THEI.IOUNTAINS. Two VOL
Voll.

fs. VISIT TO VIE LAICE3 ; OF EDINBURGH, 110.
Vol. 11.

visit LAxze or KILLARNEY ;
DUBLIN, &o.

IES OP

WIIAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
"• That three score years and ten our course may ran..
A pGpalar review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
.onsly-debilits.ted health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
c young, besets the man of pleasure, business, er study, and cm-
Attars old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical rev-
,,,ttott of every-day life.

THE PASSIONS.
" Wh t passions hurt the body—what imprOYSI,
Trtaw as rained as Athens ever heard."
tinsJEOT : pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions. Chastity and its infrlngements. Tile casualties of
lie ,utiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, nvorrave,
aisd reruediativo. Advocacy of early marriages.;

TIIE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
300ILPEMB : —Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
lichglooloori r,cognar.libontgla sides, as to ago, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defestiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Oas.es,
By R.&C
,T, car,VERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
la 14). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
&lidera. ['reception boars ,silo till dva. 'venting., wan till nine;
10 irc vll- I sac Regoi t,ift rad I
- - -

THE DANGER. Or SMOKING IN BED.-DISTRESSING 1
FATAL-ay.—About midnight on Tuesday, information
reached the Town's-yard that a cottage dwelling in Davis-
street, Chorlton-upon-bledlock, was on fire, when Mr. Rose
hastened to the spot with an engine and body of firemen.
On his arrival 'he flames had been extinguished by the
neighbours and po.'ice, but, melancholy to relate a life had
been lost. It seemed that a man named John Lee, the oc-
cupant of one room of the ground floor (the house being let
to different lodgers) haJ returned home from the regatta
about eleven o'clock that t vening, in a state of intoxication,
and haying, as is supposed, ,i;ommenced smoking in bed., as
was his custom, he had set iLre to the bed clothes. His
screams first gave the alarm, and when the neighbours found
him all his dress was in flames. He was got out of the room
as quickly as possible, but expired immediately. The
damage done by fire was from 15/. to 20: On Wednesday
an inquest was held on the body by M. r Serford, coroner,
when a verdict of " Accidental Death" w 1,4 recorded.—
, _Blanchester Courier.

On Monday last the Chinese family, recently nr-
rivod from Canton by the British ship Lady Peel, viltited her
Majesty, at Osborne, by the special request of the Queen,
conveyed through Colonel Phipps. The tarty were received
in the state drawing-room by the Queen, his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, and each of the younger branches of the Royal
Family. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, with his pro-
verbial affability, thinking the family would be interested in
the numerous plants and flowers of Chinese origin abounding
in the garden adjoining the drawing-room, conducted his re-
markable visitors round the terrace and parterres.
The Earl of Clarendon bad an interview with Lord
I Sohn Russell yesterday.

LECTURE ON THE CURRENCY.
(From the Liverpool courier.)
On the evening of the sth instant, Jonathan Dun-
can, Esq., delivered a lecture at the Concert Hall,
on this subject, before a numerous and attentive
audience ; the chair was taken by James Har-
vey, Eeq.
The CHAIRMAN, in introducing Mr. Duncan, said
that the truth and righteousness of the subject would
be made apparent to them all.
Mr. DUNCAN, after explaining the law in reference
to our geld coins, which were no longer legal tender
if wanting a grain in weight, said this principle was
abandoned in regard to our silver ccies, which passed
current for ten per cent more than their market value.
Thus theories differed, and pure bullionism contra-
dicted itself in practice, as it dealt differently with
gold and silver.—(Rear, hear.) They who insisted
on the representative character of money were ac-
cused of wishing to imitate the assignats of revo-
lutionary France. This charge was truly prepos-
terous, for, as assignats proved a most miserable
failure, he who proposed to revive them would be
justly deemed worthy of a lunatic asylum.
Tnis was one of the calumnies that refuted
themselves. To argue from the abuses of a system
against its uses was the mean retreat of those who
were incapable of reasoning, and who slandered op-
ponents whom they were unable to refute.—(Cheers.)
Let them turn from France to Scotland, and ask
what instrument built Edinburgh, Glasgow, and
Aberdeen ? What reclaimed a sterile soil, and made
the Lothians and the Carse of Gowrie models of
agricultural improvement ? What widened and
deepened the Clyde from Dumbarton to the Broomie-
law ? The answer would be a representative paper
money..—(Hear, and applause.) From the first es-
tablishment of banking in Scotland, in 1694 to 1845,
when Sir Robert Peel introduced metallic money,
the monetary instrument was paper, and the total
loss to the public during a century and a half did
not exceed thirty thousand pounds for the whole of
that long period, while during the few weeks he had
been in Liverpool failures to at least five-fold that
amount had occurred with metallic money.—
(Hear, hear.) Turning to America, when it was
a colony of Great Britain, how, he would ask, was its
land first cultivated ? David Hume, in his corre-
spondence with the Abbe Morellet of Paris,
stated that every planter was allowed to go to a Go-
vernment office and receive paper money to the ex-
tent of one-half the value of his land ; and this advance
he was required to pay in annual instalments, each
instalment being one-tenth of the advance ; so that
the whole was liquidated in ten years. It was plain
that the industry of the cultivator was always adding
to the value of the security. But had he been re-
stricted to golden ploughs, the earth must have re-
mained in a state of nature ; had he been restricted to
golden axes the primmval forests never would have
been felled. America must have remained a howling
wilderness, had the colony been ruled by bullionist
legislation.—(Loud cheers.) What led to the war of
American independence? That act of the British
Government, which commanded the colonists to pay
their taxes in gold and silver, and at the same time
withdrew those paper facilities for cultivating the soil
to which allusion had been made. What won their
independence ? Paper money, which Dr. Franklin,
writing in 1764, declared to be the best of all mone-
tary instruments, " when founded on sufficient taxes
for discharging em, or on land security of double
the value for repaying it at the end of the term, and
in the meantime made a general legal tender."
What enabled Great Britain to preserve herself from
being conquered by Napoleon ? W hat enabled the
allied sovereigns to fight the battle of Leipsic ?
Paper-money—guaranteed by Russia, Prussia, and
England. These examples were sufficient to silence
the ignorant chattering about assignats. What opi-
nion would be formed of a logician, who, observing
that leaky vessels foundered at sea, asserted that no
ship could be made trustworthy, and then prohibited
navigation ? Yet he would not be a whit more ab-
surd than they who affirmed that because a bad
paper-money might be issued, a safe one could never
be created. Taxes formed the basis of national state
money. The amount was annually voted by Parlia-
ment, and established the limit. To the extent of
that amount the executive Government should be em-
powered to issue notes, which would derive their value
from the authority of the State that put them in cir-
culation. With these the Government would pay its
own debts, the army, navy, ordnance, civil service, and
the dividends of the fundholders. These notes, not
possessing intrinsic value, would never be ex-
ported, for they would not pay taxes due to any
foreign potentate, though they would discharge taxes
due to our own Government. They never could de-
teriorate in value, as Government would be obliged
to take them becl: in discharge for taxes for the seine
nominal amount at which they were originally issued,
nor could they deteriorate through excess, since their
amount would be rigidly fixed by a solemn vote of the
Legislature. These proper instruments would par-
take very much of the character of a post-office stamp,
which had no intrinsic value; nevertheless a revenue
was raised on them equal to two millions sterling.
The principle was therefore established, and it would
be just as easy to raise fifty millions in Government
taxation notes.—(Hear.) But it might be objected
that there was a detect in this illustration, because he
who holds a post-office stamp must have given a cop-
per penny for it. The penny simply intervened
between the act of labour and the possession
of the stamp, but it formed no part of the effective
operation, for the labourer might have received his
wages in the post-office instrument and had been just
as well paid. In like manner, no one could possess
himself of Government taxation notes unless he had
given his labour, or the produce of his labour in ex-
change for them. Let this system be compared with
the existing one. When Government required money
it proceeded to manufacture Exchequer-bills of too
large an amount to pass into trading circulation.
Those bore interest which was paid out of taxes. The
Exchequer-bills were lodged with the Bank of
England, as a national security, and on the strength
of them the Bank issued its own notes to the value
of the Exchequer-bills. Why not save this interest ?
If the Government credit were good for an Exche-
quer. bill of one thousand pounds, why should it not
be good for a thousand notes of twenty shillings each?
—(Hear, hear.) On what did the credit rest ? On
the whole amount of the national property, computed
at six millions sterling, and all the gold and silver
would be as fully responsible for the notes as they
were now. Many were alarmed by the bugbear of
depreciation, and it was desirable that this fallacy
should be refuted. During the late war, the paper
pound was enfeebled in purchasing power, and this
was practically expressed in the universal rise in the
price of all commodities—a rise caused by increased
taxation and the addition of five hundred millions to
the national debt. The depreciation of the pound
was solely the effect of taxation, which raised the
prices of commodities, on an average of eighty- eight
principle articles, from 1001. to 175/.—(Hear, hear.)
Here rose the discussion between direct and indirect
taxation, at fifty millions, when the tax became one-
eighth of the income. The eighth part of a pound
was 2s. 61. If, therefore, the revenue was
raised by a direct tax, half-a-crown would
be taken from every man for every pound
he held, and he would only remain possessed
of 17e. 64. This would leave him, in one
sense, a depreciated, but not a deteriorated pound,
since the pound would have been excised by taxa-
tion, which had cut off one-eighth of its original
value. Now, substituting indirect for direct taxa-
tion, the pound would sink 121 per cent. in its pur-
chasing power, or 2s. 61 out of every 2.05. ; but this
was not a deteriorated power. The indirect tax
Was first put on the industrious classes, in the shape
chiefly of customs and excise, but when the mode
of raising revenue was thus changed, it was never
intended to commit a fraud, and transfer the
burden from property to labour. Yet this must
prove the inevitable result, unless the industrious
classes were enabled to recover from the buyers of
goods that tax which the industrious classes had
advanced to the Government. But they could only
recover it by a rise of prices, and no rise would
take place in gold money tied down to the barter
level, for, being so tied down, it could not bea
W
measure of the taxation level. hen, then,
a revenue was raised indirw ectly, the tax must be
expressed iu paper money, hich decline in
purchasing power in exact proportion to the tax im-
posed. Toe paper did not cause the rise of price, it
only pereoweel it ; the cause was indirect taxation.
To levy indirect taxes on labour and complain that
money was depreciated, was really to affirm that
property ought to be wholly exempt from any fiscal
burden whatever.—(Cheers.) The evil of gold
money becomes the more cruel when it was consie
tiered in conjunction with the modern system of free
imports, strangely mistaken for free trade. If the
intrinsic value of a commodity were four pounds, and
the indirect nix two pounds, its price ooglit to be six
pounds. Admit the foreign into free competition with
ourselves ; he Inq be content with less than six
pounds, in which case the home price must fall, to the
detriment of native industry ; it might fall to four
pounds, in which case the tax of two pounds re-
biained permanently on the native producer, who
could never recover it from the consumer, who would
buy in the cheapest market. But paper money cor-

reefed this evil in the following manner :—The paper
pound depreciating through taxation, six of such
pounds would no longer purchase an ounce and a half
of gold, but only one ounce, as two pounds would be
due to taxation. This was the protection which a
national money would afford to industry. Mr. Dun-
can then gave a rapid review of our monetary system
fr0m1797 to the panic of 1847, in which he combated
the vulgarerror which attributed prosperity to the late
war, showing that the prosperity was entirely due to
paper money. In support of this view he quoted some
passages from the letter of Mathias Attwood to Lord
Archibald Hamilton, printed in 1823, and reprinted in
18.7, which demonstrated that the country was at the
height of prosperity in 1818, when we were at passe
with all the world. This was proved by the evidence
of Mr. Hodgson, a merchant of Liverpool, who was
examined before the Agricultural Committee of 1821,
his testimony applying to the great towns of Liver-
pool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, and Leeds.
Wheat was in 1818, 84s. per quarter, and meat pro-
portionately dear, yet there was more meat consumed
in 1818 than in 1821, when prices had fallen one-half.
Mr. Tindall, Mr. Tooke, and Mr. Marryatt all de-
posed to the prosperity of shipping in 1818, and to its
decline after cash payments were resumed in 1819.
This last gentleman stated that the Sesostris, which
cost 12,1751. in 1818, was sold in 1820 for 6,300/. ;
and he gave numerous other instances, all display-
ing the fallacy of cheapness. Mr. Duncan then ex-
plained the principle of commercial money as dis-
tinguished from national state money, basing it on
the letter of the first Sir Robert Peel addressed to
both Houses of Parliament in 1826, and on the
New York Banking Act of 1838. The notes issued
by these security banks could not be tortured into
the most remote similarity to assignats, for they
would really repose on a guarantee even more solid
than the national debt. As an illustration of what
might be effected with paper money, Mr. Duncan
explained the manner in which a market was built in
Guernsey, without its having cost a single farthing,
though ever since its completion it had yielded an in-
come of 4001. This plan ;might be applied to rail-
ways and to the Rivington Pike scheme of supplying
Liverpool with water. The lecturer then contrasted
the monetary system he had recommended with the
practical working of bullionism from 1819 to 1847,
referring to the numerous panics that had occurred,
causing in the aggregate a loss of national wealth,
exceeding in the aggregate double the amount of the
national debt. This was entirely caused by the law
which arbitrarily fixed the price of the ounce of gold
in our coinage, so that when our goods were increased
in price by taxation being added to intrinsic value,
they became dearer than untaxed gold, and of course
the foreigner refused to take our goods, but abstracted
our legal tender. The next subject examined was
the theory of the balance of trade, which, it was con-
tended, erroneously assumed a balance of profit. Thus
if, in a given period, we sent goods to France valued
at one hundred pounds, or twenty-five ounces of
gold, and France sent us goods valued at 801., or
twenty ounces of gold, there was a balance due to us
of 201., or five ounces of gold. But this was not a
balance of profit, as we only received back, at a
postponed date what we had previously advanced.
Connected with this point was the fallacy of viewing
an excess of exports over imports as a sign of pros-
perity. All trade resolved itself into barter, and barter
was the exchange of equivalents. The value of ex-
ports and imports, therefore, must necessarily resolve
itself into perfect equivalency, as no nation could over-
reach any other nation. It might be asked, how
could our foreign trade be conducted with a paper
money, not possessing any intrinsic value, but deriving
its conventional value from the authority of the state
that put it into circulation ; for such money was,
and must be, valueless to the foreigner. This
difficulty was only apparent, not real. The
foreigner cared nothing for denominations of
money ; he merely calculated how much gold
of standard purity he should receive for his
goods, and he had no concern with the monetary
instrument we might use among ourselves for car-
rying on our internal trade. Let it be assumed, then,
as an extreme case, that our paper pound, nominally
passing among ourselves for twenty shillings, was
only worth ten shillings in silver, or two and a half
pennyweights of gold. Under these circumstances,
the foreigner requiring 25 ounces of gold in payment
of his goods, would not draw a bill on the British
consignee for 1001., but for 2001., estimated in our
national money ; and thus he would obtain the 25
ounces of gold to which he was entitled. It was
clear, then, that the system proposed would not
affect the foreigner in the slightest degree.—(Cheers.)
But, it might be asked, bow would it fare with the
British manufacturer ? Let it be assumed that be
produces goods ter export which he values at
30,000/. in our national currency. When he sent
these goods to llamburgh, he would not realise for
them 7,500 ounces of gold, as he did under bullionism,
but only 5,000 ounces ; but when he brought those
5,000 ounces into England he would sell them at
the Bank for 30,0001. in national money, and thus
his position was entirely uninjured.—(Cries of
Hear, bear.") The only class of persons who
would suffer by this system were absentees. Suppose
that one of this class received an income from the
public funds of 1,0001. per year. For this, his banker
remitted him a bill on Naples, with which he could
purchase 250 ounces of gold, and he thus escaped all
taxation ; but assuming that his fair share of tax, as a
man of property, was twenty per cent., then for his
1,000/. in national money, his banker would only re-
mit him 200 ounces of gold, and 50 ounces, or 2001.
would remain here as his contribution to the public
revenue. Another fallacy which greatly misled the
mercantile community was based upon the apparent
plenty of money. At the present time the Bank of
England had nearly nine millions of unemployed
notes, which they would gladly lend at a low rate of
interest, and the private bankers and bill-brokers were
in a similar position. Hence money was said to be
plentiful ; but this state resembled the congestion of
blood in the head, which is never taken for a symp-
tom of health, but of approaching apoplexy. Sir
Robert Peel, referring to the high rate of in-
terest which the merchants had to pay during the
year 1847, justified usury, asking why a man was not
entitled to receive as large a profit for the loan of
money when it was scarce, as, another man might
make of cotton or corn, or any other commodity,
when they were scarce. The answer was that
money did not resemble any other commodity, for
there was no law which limited the quantity of corn
or cotton, but there was a law which limited the
quantity of money. The parallel, therefore, was
false, as well as the inference deduced from it.
Usurious interest was charged, not for the legitimate
use of money, but for its artificial scarcity—a
scarcity solely caused by bullionist legislation. What
shall we say to a system which periodically ruined
the merchant, when the interest of money rose above
five per cent., and tolerated a system of pawn-
broking which legalised at all times and under all
circumstances a rate of 20 per cent., extorted from
the poorest classes of society ; and what spectacle
more strongly condemned the existing system than
that exhibited in the windows of a pawnbroker's shop
of the tools with which alone a ewe-king man could
earn his wages?--(Hear.) There was a clause in
Magna Charts which even considered the state of
the serfs, who were not allowed to be fined to such
an extent as would deprive them of the implements
of their industry.—(Cheers.) To illustrate the ab-
surdity of fabricating legal tender out of a commo-
dity possessing intrinsic value reference was made to
the copper coinage of 1797. At that time each penny
weighed an ounce, or sixteen to the pound avoirdu-
pois; but in consequence of the demand for copper,
its price in the market as a commodity rose to twenty
pence, and the consequence was, that all the penny
pieces were melted and disappeared from circulation.
It was this circumstance which induced the Legisla-
ture to fix the price of gold in our coinage in the Act
of 1819, and make the note always convertible into
133 grains of the metal, whether the metal was scarce
or abundant. When the gold rose above the Mint
price, that rise was expressed in the rise of the rate
of interest, and in this cruel manner all other pro-
perty was necessarily depreciated.—(Hear.) Mr.
Duncan then referred to the fallacies of over-produc-
tion, over-trading, over-population, which, he as-
serted, were phrases invented to conceal the real
under-production of money.
The thanks of the meeting were then unanimously
voted to Mr. Duncan and the chairman, and the
meeting broke up at half.past ten o'clock.

MONETARY REFORM AT LIVERPOOL.
(From the Derbyshire Courier.)
We should be content to allow the Liverpool mer-
chants to proceed, for the present, with the considera-
tion and examination of the currency question in
their own way, did not the admirable exposition of the
subject by Mr. Duncan, which we give in the Courier
of to-day, seem to demand a particular notice. Our
readers will find in this lecture no admixture of party
politics, or advocacy of class interests. It places the
monetary question, as we wish it to be placed, entirely
on its own merits. And Mr. Duncan supports his
opinions by an appeal to undoubted facts, and sound
arguments. " What," he asks, "reclaimed a sterile
soil, and made the Lothians and the Carse of Gowrio
models of agricultural improvement ? What widened
and deepened the Clyde from pumbartoo. to.tli
lroomielaw Thes Answer wotild 14 a repre9entative