The Sun.
London, England, 1833-01-02 00:00:00

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LONDON,
WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 2, 1833.

It is with no small satisfaction that we have
perused the Message of the PRESIDENT of the
United States, to the Senate and House of Re-
presentatives, given in another part of The
'3". It is long, but no one can read it and say
that it is too long. Just such reports as the
directors of a mercantile association draw up of
their transactions to lay before their constituents,
are _
the Messages of the PRESIDENT of the
United States to Congress ; and just such re-
ports ought to be our KING'S Speeches on the
Opening of Parliament. During the long reign
of the Tories, the KING'S Speech sank to a
mere form, as the representation of the people
was fast doing. Since Lord GREY'S ac-
cession to power, the KING'S Speech has
dealt somewhat less in generalities ; but
it is yet far from the document it ought to
be,---a full, official statement of the national af-
fairs during the past year,—a steward's account
°f his stewardship ; but as Parliamentary re-
presentation has now become a reality, as the
responsibility of Ministers is now something more
than nominal, as the word Minister is now
Understood not to mean master but servant, we
artist that such a state of things will speedily
arise as will suit the altered relations of the go-
vernors and the governed.
'rho PRESIDENT, after detailing the state of
thereign
intercourse of the Union with different fo.
topic
nations, comes to home affairs; and the first
ofPle, he touches upon, under this head, is that
sel tne national debt. We cannot deny our-
th" the pleasure of quoting his summary upon
c\P°int• He says :
the 13°. the lat of January next the entire public debt of
to wit4lted States, funded and unfunded, will be reduced
2 227b14 a fraction of seven millions of dollars; of whiela
let of 363 dollars are not of right redeemable until the
24 of 13'nuarY, 1834, and 4,735,296 dollars not until the
"444ary, 1835, The Commissioners of the Sinking

Fund, however, being invested with full authority to pur-
chase the debt at the market price, and the meats of the
Treasury being ample, it may he hoped the whole will be
extinguished within the year 1833."

The topic, however, of greatest interest to this
country is that of free trade. The American
Tariff has always been referred to by the advo-
cates of the restrictive system, as a fit example
for us to follow. The country gentlemen (we
mean those few who ever troubled themselves
with acquiring any information whatever upon
the subject) and the manufacturers, who, in the
advocacy of a fancied self-interest, sided with
them, have looked to it as a model of commercial
law. Behold this idol is about to be cast down by
the very hands which raised it. From a wish
to conciliate the advocates of the Tariff, we sup-
pose, General .TAcicsoN has said so much upon
the subject as to be in parts rather obscure, but
there is no mistaking his intentions. He says—
" That manufactures adequate to the supply of our do
comic consumption would, in the abstract, be beneficial
to our country there is no reason to doubt; and to effect
their establishment there is, perhaps, no American citizen
who would not for a while be willing to pay a higher price
for them. But for this purpose it is presumed that a
tariff of high duties, designed for perpetual protection,
has entered into the minds of but few of our statesmen•
The most they have anticipated is a temporary and gene-
rally incidental protection, which they maintain has the
effect to reduce the price by domestic competition below
that of the foreign articletcxperience, however, our
best guide on this as on other subjects, makes it doubt-
ful whether the advantages of this system are not coun-
terbalanced by many evils, and whether it does not tend ,1
to beget in the minds of a large portion of our country-
men a spirit of discontent and jealousy dangerous to the
stability of the Union."

The idea of even temporary protection is
here scouted ; and as General JACKSON has
been again elected to the Presidential Chair,
being known to entertain these sentiments, we
may take them as those
.of the majority of the
Union. He grants, that regard for vested in-
terests should induce them to refrain from
suddenly reducing their restrictive duties, but
adds, " But those who have vested their capital
in manufacturing establishments cannot expect
that the people will continue permanently to
pay high taxes for their benefit, when the
money is not required for any legitimate pur-
pose in the administration of the Government."
Our corn, our tea, and other monopolists require
the people of this country to be taxed for their
sole benefit, without any pretence of sharing the
tax with the Government; the Government only
getting a tax when as much has been squeezed
from the people as possible. Let them, how-
ever, be assured, that the great majority of the
people of this country have more than began to
see the true grounds on which these monopolies
stand, and will suffer them with as little patience
as the people of America.
We see that some of our Conservative Con-
temporaries contemplate the possibility of the
Tariff being continued, in spite of the open
hostility of the Southern States, and General
JACKSON'S evident desire to yield to their wishes;
but such an idea can only be entertained for a mo-
ment by`the abetters of a Manchester massacre.
Just demands are not met by thebayonet in Ame-
rica, but concession and the fate of the Tariff may
be looked upon as sealed.

A Morning Contemporary of this day notices
the absurd rumour which the Tories have put in
circulation, for the hundredth time, that the
LORD CHANCELLOR is become a Conservative,
and that he is about to head a party in opposition
to Earl GREY. This rumour is so exquisitely
ridiculous, that to notice it at all is almost like
destroying a monster and then beating it. Lord
BROUGHAM, so far from having imbibed Con-
servative principles, is at this moment actively
engaged in preparing measures for the comple-
tion of those Reforms which he has already coin-
menced, and also in devising, in concurrence with
Earl GREY, the means of Reforming the
Church. When the Tories call Lord BROUGHAM
a Conservative, they apply the term in the sense
in which it is applicable to themselves. In that
sense we are sure Lord BROUGHAM would feel
disgraced by the name. He avows his attachment
to Monarchy, and would preserve all our Mo-
narchical Institutions; but all who know him
state that he would preserve them free from the
tinsel and gewgaw by which they are bedizened,
and which are calculated to root out inculcated
respect for Monarchy from every reflecting mina.
So far as the retention of Monarchy, without its
abuses, goes, Lord BROUGHAM is a ,Conser-
vative as strong, or stronger, perhaps, than those
who make such an outcry of their attachment
to the Throne. Lord BROUGHAM would also
preserve the Church from destruction ; but it
must he a Reformed Church, and not an esta-
blishment fell of cankers, like that with which
the nation is burdened and oppressed. So far
Lord BROUGHAM is a Conservative, as regards
the Church, as well as the Crown. He is a
Conservative, also, as regards the profession
of which he is at the head ; but what would he
preserve ? his blots and blemishes of the law ?
No ; he would make law simple, and justice
cheap. He would make the profession honour-
able, and render it as useful to society as it is
now, in too many instances, the contrary in a very
high degree. Judging by the past conduct of
Lord BROUGHAM, no man of common honesty
and impartiality will say that he will abandon the
political faith which has made him what he is ;
but, judging of him also as a man of sagacity
(and we think the world will allow that he is not
a fool), we ask whether, with the signs of the
times before his face, the LORD CHANCELLOR
is a man to turn round upon his professions, and

court disgrace and infamy by attaching himself
to a faction which is at its last gasp ?

No letters have been received from Oporto,
at the Portuguese Embassy, by the vessel which
left that city on the 25th ult. The private ac-
counts which have reached us, state that the
sortie on the Villa Nova side had been par-
tially successful, and that, a plentiful supply of
provisions having arrived, the troops were
in good spirits, and impatient of being cooped
up in Oporto, as they felt themselves equal to
cope with the enemy in the field. The
motive assigned for this long inaction was
the expected arrival of a French General of
experience, but this had not given general
satisfaction, as the Portuguese troops dislike
serving under French officers. Many of the
Portuguese officers had represented to Don
PEnno, that, having the command in chief
in his own person, and being surrounded
by British officers of note, he would do
better to commence offensive operations
without a French General than with one ;
but other advice had prevailed. It was an-
nounced, however, that General SoLIGNAC
was not appointed to the chief command, but
merely as Aide-de-Camp to the EMPEROR,
who would retain the command of the army,
and avail himself of the joint experience of
General SOLIGNAC, the Duke of TERCEIRA,
and Sir JOHN M. DOYLE ; the latter of whom,
it appears, has remonstrated strongly against
the indolence of the Portuguese Staff. It was
stated in Oporto, at the date of these accounts,
that two corps, amounting to 3,000 men, were
ready in England and France to set out on an
expedition of great importance, and which
would operate as a division in favour
of Don PEDRO. We find upon inquiry
here that this statement was well founded, but
it would be improper at present to communicate
the particulars, lest premature publicity should
injure the Constitutional cause.

An express has been received from Paris,
bringing the Papers of Monday, and the Mes-
sager des Clzanzbres, dated yesterday. They
are principally filled with accounts of the return
of the French army from Belgium, and comments
on the sudden departure from Paris of Count
Pozzo DI BORGO, the Russian Ambassador,
for London.

The Opposition Journals are very violent in
their remarks against the Sonic Administration.
They accuse it of the basest truckling to the
Northern Powers, and to the British Cabinet,
by withdrawing their troops from Belgium before
the question is finally settled, giving the King of
HOLLAND time, and every means, to invadeßel-
gium, so as to cause a general war. The conduct
of Ministers in having expelled the leaders of the
Polish Committee from Paris, who relied on
meeting with an asylum from the :tyranny and
persecutions of the Autocrat,has caused the
greatest feeling against them, as it is another proof
of the Juste-milieu and Doctrinnaire weakness.
The departure of Count Pozzo DI BORGO is
considered in Paris to be for the purpose of
entering into a treaty with England to allow
Russia to support the Sultan against the PACHA,
with a strong military force, which is to march
immediately upon Constantinople. Whether the
British Government will submit to the ambition
of the northern despot will shortly be known.
England and France strongly allied can, at all
times, bid defiance to the ambitious views of the
northern Powers.

Several interviews have lately taken place be-
tween the Austrian Ambassador and the Duke
de BROGLIE, Minister for Foreign Affairs, for
the immediate release of the Duchess of BERRY
from her captivity at the Chateau de Blaye, on
condition that she shall either leave for Vienna
or Naples, and the Emperor of AUSTRIA would
become as a security, that she shall not again
disturb the French Government. It is
said that Ministers have partially pro-
mised to comply with this request if they
can do it without creating any violent public
feeling ; this they are in hopes of overcoming,
as there never was a national hatred against that
romantic Princess. She was more pitied than
any one of the fallen dynasty at the imbecile
acts of the infatuated CHARLES X., which de-
prived her son of the throne. Great allowance
is made for the feelings of a mother.
Great preparations are making in Paris to
commemorate the new year : the shops present
a gayety seldom to be seen. The KING was to
receive the whole of the corps diplonzatique
and the Foreign Ministers on Tuesday. A
grand review was also to take place in the Place
du Carousel, on the occasion of the return of
the Dukes of ORLEANS and Nuntourts, who
look extremely well after their military excursion
to the Citadel of Antwerp.
Lours PHILIP will positively leave Paris
on Friday, for the Northern frontier, to review
the troops, in company with the Duke of OR-
LEANS, who is extremely popular with the army.
It was reported on Monday that Prince TAL-
LEYRAND, the French Ambassador in London,
was going to be replaced : it is said that the
request was first made by the Prince himself,
who feels that age is growing fast upon him.
The news from Spain states that the QUEEN
was most indefatigable in her exertions.
Paris continues tranquil, and the Funds,
notwithstanding the reports of war, are pretty
steady.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY,

FROM LLOYD'S.
DEAL, JAN. I.—Wind N. W...—Arrived from the
river and sailed, the Clacudine, Heathom, for Madras;
his Majesty's ships Spartiate and Volage, for Portsmouth.
His Majesty's ship Southampton is ordered fur Sheerness,
the rest of the combined squadron remain.
PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 1.-Wind light and variable.—
Sailed his Majesty's ship Royalist, for Plymouth and
Lisbon ; and the Prince Regent transport for Plymouth and
Malta.

PLYMOUTH, DEC. 31.—Wind N.W.—Sailed yesterday
his Majesty's ship Jupiter, for the Mauritius with troops,
with Mr. Jerimie. Arrived the Sylvia transport, Peake,
from Bermuda ; Marshal Blucher, Lawyer, from Ter-
ceira,—lost mast and boats in a severe gale 22d ult., 500
miles west of Scilly.

FALMOUTH, DEC. N.W. to N.N.W.,
strong gales and violent squalls.--Arrived the Flamer
steam-packet, from the Mediterranean, left Malta on the
15th ult., Gibraltar on the 24th, and C-oliz on the 25th.
POOLE, DEC. 31.—Arrived the William Kelson,
Robbins, from Newfoundland.

LivEaroor, Dec. 31.—Arrived the Silas Richards,
Bursley, from New York ; and the John Viana, Hayden,
from Lisbon.

The Sarah Hudson, from Liverpool, was on shore near
Sligo, on the 29th ult., but expected to be got off.
The Gipsey, Briant, from Wales to Plymouth, was
driven on shore near St. lye's, during a gale on Saturday
night, and it is feared the crew are drowned.
The Victoria. Volchman, from L6ndon to Dantzic, was
totally wrecked near Ystad, on the 11th ult. ; crew saved.
The Vesta, Orfeur, from Newport to Genoa, put into
Ilpacoral, her cargo having shifted.
The Grey, Herman; Widel, and Anderson, from Dram
to the Isle of Al,n, put into South Ronaldskay, with loss
of deck, bulwarks, &c.

The Hope, Jones, from Newport, arrived at Belfast,
very leaky ; cargo supposed to be damaged.
The Cornwall, Taylor, from Liverpool, arrived at
Quebec on the 29th of November.

BATTLE OF THE " NATIONAL UNIONS"

IN DUBLIN.

Strange doings here between the National Political and
its rival, the National Trades' Political, concerning the
chairing of the Repeal Members for the city of Dublin.
The National Political protest against the chairing as a
foolish, expensive, and inexpedient mummery; but their
High Mightinesses the Trades, having set their hearts upon
a public exhibition of what they modestly term their tri-
umph, have resolved upon " the grandest chairing ever
witnessed in Dublin or any where else," although they
have not a single farthing in the treasury to pay their
debts. For some days there has been tuna wrang-
ling upon the matter, and the parties are now at
open war. The' Conservatives and Repealers do not
hate one another half so cordially as the two Po-
liticals. There was a rattling iow between them yester-
day evening in the Corn Exchange. By an arrangement
of Mr. O'Connell, the Trades have a right of admission to
the other political on payment of a shilling each, and this
privilege they are now using for the purpose of overbearing
their rival, and rendering it a perfect nullity. Nearly two
hundred of them entered the Corn Exchange yesterday, and
popped a Mr. Marcus Hickey into the chair, for the pur-
pose of passing a resolution in favour of a chairing, and of
voting the necessary funds to pay the expenses. Some
members of the National Political happened to be pre-
sent, and called upon the Secretary, Mr. Dwyer, to
prevent the meeting. Mr. Dwyer entered the room
and commanded Mr. Hickey to quit the chair, as no
meeting was advertised for that day. A violent con-
tention here arose. A Mr. Slevin, the most violent de-
magogue in the Trades', who seconded the nomination of
Mr. Ruthven, gave vent to his indignation, and denomi-
nated the National Political as a nominal and powerless
political society, whilst the Trades' were omnipotent. Mr.
John Reynolds vindicated the National Political, and
spoke his sentiments on the indecent conduct of Slevin
and his adherents; whereupon Slevin threatened to throw
him out of the window ! After a dreadful altercation,
Hickey left the chair—the meeting was put an end to ;
but the Trades', on leaving the room, threatened to have it
all their own way at the meeting this day. Before de-
parting, Slevin stated his determination to propose, in the
Trades' Union, a vote of censure upon Mr. 0' Connell,
ifhe should refuse to accept the chairing 1 Rare sport is
expected at the meeting to-day. I shall furnish you with
a sketch to-morrow.

THE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY).