The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-23 00:00:00

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- OCTOBER 23, 1851.
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N°. 18,435.] LONDON THURSDAY

The GREAT EXIIII3ITION and the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION.
All the most interesting* Deposits at the Great Exhibition will, in
turn, be lectured on at the
OYAIJ POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
1-tt, The present Lectures are by J. H. Pepper, Es;(l., on the Ap-
plication of iron and Steel in the Manufactures of the *United King-
dom, now exhibiting in the Crystal Palace ; and by Dr Bachhollher
on the Eleetro-Mctallic Deposits there, illustratpd by a splendid se-
ries of Messrs. Elkin.gton's Specimens. —The Exhibition of the Oxy-
Hydrogen Microscope, magnifying objects upwards of 100,000 Hines
their natural size.—The great economy of Cooking by Gas explained.
—A Lecture on the History of the Harp, by Frederick Chatterton,
Esq., with Vocal Illustrations.—A Series of splendid Dissolving
Views.—Diver and Diving Bell, &c.
Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.
Open daily from Half-past Ten to Five, and every Evening from
Seven till Half-past Ten.

T7ADKIEL'S ALMANAC for 1852.
Twenty-second Year. Thirtieth Thousand !
Fate of France, Ireland, Italy, Rome. More wonderful Revela-
tions through the I%.lagle Cry,tal. The Pope and his Destiny. Let-
ter to Lords John Russell, Rosso, and Wrottesley. NamerouS Wood-
cuts. Striking Hieroglyphic. Fulfilled Predictions.
Published by A. Hall and Co., London.
Price Sixpence, post free Tenpence.
Sold by all Booksellers.

DR. RAMADGE .ASTIIMA AND DISEASES OF THE
IIF,ART.
One vol. Bvo., greatly Improved, Second Edition, price 10s. 6,1..
ASTHMA, its VARIETIES and COMPLICA-
TIONS ; with Practical Remarks on their Specific Treatment.
illustrated by Cases, and Plates coloured from nature. To which
is annexed, a Succinct Treatise on the principal Diseases of the
Heart. By F. 11. RAMADGE, M.D., Fellow of the College of Phy-
sicians, late Senior Physician to the Royal Infirmary for Asthma and
Consumption.
London : Longman, Drown, Green, and Longmont.

TOD RIVATE HINTS on GENERATIVE
kV WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS, and Venereal Com-
plaints, by Pr. WALTON, Mit.C.S.., &c., with plain directions for
cure ; price 6d., post tine Sd. The experience of a quarter of a cen-
turv.—Vids Testimonials. Charges moderate to all. Hours of con-
sultation, Nine to Two, and Six to Nine (no fee), at 40, Maiden-lane,
Covent-garden. Females advised, by correspondence or otherwise.

DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho,
147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author ;
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. Gd.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.

"Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Home
—Music —The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing,
ir, Rest, Ease, Occucation, &C., &C.

FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vols.
Vol. I.

VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &e,
Vol. 11.
THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, &c.
111.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
"That three score years and ten our course may run."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
you ily-dcbilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old age ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
lation of every-day life.
rv.
THE PASSIONS.
"What passions hurt the body—what improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
SUBJECT :—Lite's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad-
vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual-
ties of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, nar-
rative, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.
v.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
PROGRAMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases,.&c.
By R. J. CULVERIVELL, (1941), M.R.C.S. (1827),
(1824). Twenty-flue years Medical and Forensic Referee ill these
matters. Recention hours clail till Five. Evenings, Seven till
Nine. 10, Argyll-place, Regent-street.

-- ---
RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS.
LONDON AND NORTD-WESTERN RAILWAY.—RetIIM of
Traffic for the week ending Oct. 19 :
Passengers, parcels, mails, &c. £35,530 13 2
Merchandise 16.812 0 6
Cattle ... 1,491 12 9

Total ... £53,834 6 5
Corresponding week last year ... 46,137 13 2
Aggregate, 1850 ....£757,214 5 2
1851 994,617 11 10
Ncte.—The returns as published are exclusive of the
traffic of the Huddersfield Canal and Shropshire Union, North
Union, Preston and Wyre, South Junction, sianchester and
Buxton, and Buckinghamshire Railways, and of the propor-
tion of traffic deducted under agreement with the North
Staffordshire Company.
GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—Return of traffic for the
week ending Oct. 19 ..• £21,161 13 11
Corresponding week last year... 18,293 5 9
LONDON AND SOUTII-WESTERN RAILWAY.—Amount of
Traffic for the week ending Oc::. 19 :
Passengers
Goods

•£9 515 9 5
• 400 7 10

Total ... 17 3
Corresponding week last year,.. 11,423 10 101
LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAILWAY. (260 miles
open.)—Traffic for week ending Oct. 19...£15,815 5 0
Corresponding week, in last year (2EO
miles open) .. _£14,478 16 2
THE GREAT NORTHER:S. RAILWAY.— (Miles in work, 24114)
—Return of Traffic for the Week ending Oct. 12, 1851:
Passengers, parcels, carriages,
horses, dogs, and mails carriage:,
£7489 5 9
Merchandise and minerals ... 5,187 1 4
Cattle 357 16 2

Total •• £13,034 3 3
Corresponding week, Oct. 13, 1850 (236 miles):
Passengers, parcels, &C. £4,132 3 6
'217 6 1
Merchandise, Cattle, &c. ,3

Total ...

£6,269 9 7

NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE RAILWAY. (Miles 0pen,112.)--
Return of traffic for the week ending Oct. 12:—
Railway and canal . £3,411 0 0
Corresponding week last year ... 4,6,4 0 0
Note. —The .above is exclusive of the receipts available
under the agreement with the London and North-Western
Railway Company.
CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY.....TraiIie for the
week ending Oct. 19:—

MAIN LEI!.

Passengers ... £I,3S") 5 6
Parcels, H. C. and D. ... 89 11 10
Goods, cattle, &c. ••• 647 2 0
Mails ... 575 0 0

Total .. ... ... £2,696 19 4
MOLD.
Passengers ... ... ... £35 6 8
Parcels, H. C. and D. ... ... 2 8 7
Goods, cattle, &c. ..„ ... 72 3 8

TILE SAFFRON WALDEN AGRICUL-
TURAL ASSOCIATION.
SAFFRON WALDEN, Ocr. 22.—The anniversary of
this association was celebrated this evening in this
town, the early part of the day having been devoted
to the purely agricultural purpose of distributing
silver and gilt cups to the most successful breeders of
stock, .said pecuniary rewards to the most dexterous
operators in the minor branches of the agricultural
science, such as ploughing, &c. Tho dinner took
place in the evening, at the Museum, when Lord
Braybrooke took the chair, supported by Earl Hard-
wicke, Earl Romney, Major Beresford, M.P., Mr. W.
Miles, M.P., the Rev. Dr. Whewell, Master of Tri-
nity College, Cambridge"; Mr. H. Bullock, Mr. S.
Jones, and other gentlemen.
After the usual loyal toasts had been drunk,
Major BERESFORD, M.P., proposed the health of
" The four Lord-Lieutenants of the counties of Hert-
fordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Huntingdon-
shire," coupling with the toast the name of the Earl
of Hard wicke.
Lord HannwtoxE, in returning thanks said—My
Lords and Gentlemen, it becomes my duty to return
thanks for the toast which has just been given, and I
can only echo the words of my lion. Friend, and say
that we are attached to the countryein which we live.
I can answer for my Noble Friends whose names
have been coupled with mine, that they are
interested
.in the agricultural welfare of this
county as much as any gentleman present.
They possess large estates, and are acquainted
with and feel all the weal or woe connected
with agriculture. Having said this, gentlemen, I
will proceed to offer to your notice a toast which was
intrusted to me by my Noble Friend on the left
(Lord Braybooke), and which, I believe, is usually
considered the toast of the evening. My Noble
Friend has usually given this toast himself, viz.,
" Prosperty to the Saffron Walden Agricultural As-
sociation." The welfare of the Agricultural Society
of Saffron Walden must very much depend upon the
prosperous condition of the people connected with it.
I confess that I do consider that the nature and cha-
racter of this meeting is somewhat altered by the
circumstances now affecting the farmer.—(Hear,
hear.) I consider that the position in which the
speakers of this day are placed is osse totally different
from that which was contemplated in the origin of
these societies.—(Hear, hear.) We are now care-
fully watched by the greater part of the pubiic press,
and not a sentiment given forth from any gentleman
at this meeting will escape being published to the
world by the press in general, and commented upon
by a certain portion of it. It will be commented upon
with great ability and great shrewdness; they will
spare no vituperation; if they think it necessary, they
will spare no ridicule. So far our position is altered,
and in addressing you this day I feel as if I were
about to make a speech in Parliament instead of in
a social meeting where we might indulge a joyous
carlessness, where we might utter language
which we did not care to have repeated,
At the present moment we must take care to narrow
our conversation and address our language to the sub-
ject before us—uttering nothing but what we have
fairly considered and which is legitimately to the
point before us. I feel, under these circumstances,
considerable difficulty, if not great pain, in being
called upon to offer you this toast. I should be
glad indeed if I were able to omit everything likely
to lead to any future comments, and I may plead the
rules of your society, which do not permit us to make
any reference to political subjects. I intend so to do;
but I know very well that when a man gets upon his
legs and begins to make a speech, it is somewhat diffi-
cult to avoid expressions which may seem to have a
political tendency. I will not, however, speak of
parties in the state, or of legislative measures. I will
address myself to the subject-matter of agriculture,
omitting studiously anything which can be called the
political portion of the subject. My Lord, we are
called upon to drink " prosperity to agriculture," and
I consider a toast of that description, if it means any-
thing in a social meeting, means offering up a prayer
that prosperity may attend the society in its future
operations. To make a society prosperous those per-
sons who uphold it must be prosperous themselves.
--(Hear, hear.) It is impossible to sever the welfare
of the persons connected with the society from that of
the society itself, which must mainly, if not entirely,
depend on the position of the parties connected with
it. We have witnessed this day, on the common, a
scene which has always deeply impressed me with the
feeling that we are at least performing a duty which
the better and richer classes of the world owe to their
poorer neighbours—viz , bringing them forward before
the public, and offering them to public notice as
worthy of the esteem of their fellow- creatures.—(Hear,
hear.) A more important duty I do not know; and
yet we have passed through a time when that duty
was held up to the public as most ridiculous—as a
duty performed in a manner most unworthy of rich
and wealthy persons, and at the same time commented
upon with a degree of severity and ridicule which
made it painful to those who heard of as well as to
those who read it. But we live in a time when we
have among us, and connected with us by social ties,
a Prince, who, as my Hon. Friend has said, from his
industry, zeal, learning, and perseverance, has shown
li
that he is worthy to be placed as the Consort of our
gracious Queen. That Royal Prince, whose exer-
tion in promoting the Great Exhibition of the indus-
try of mankind we all recognise, went after closing
that Exhibition to Windsor on a duty precisely simi-
lar to our own. His Royal Highness took the part of
my Noble Friend on the common, offering similar
prizes to the poor and industrious people. I am
aware that the trumpery prizes of 108. or 11. cannot
be offered as a remuneration for any acts or deeds of
theirs ; it is a sort of medallion or riband bestowed
on them for their virtues, as in the case of a soldier
who has achieved great deeds on the field of battle.
This is the principle on which these societies
are instituted, and it will stand firmly against any
irony which can be put on them. Our perseverance
has silenced that irony ; and we know that this steady
course of exercising and adhering to our own opinion
will at all times defeat the irony of writers or speakers
who may
a
a hold
positionu s up
nt o rvi;ohticouhl e .w
e a
are
l
Gentlemen,ea
to
we are
consider the prosperity of the society as coupled with
placed ac ed meet
in°
ourselves; and the question I shall this day raise, and
which I shall be thankful to hear considered in a
mixed society like this, is—ln whet way is the farmer
of England to meet the present depreciated prices of
produce—(Hear, hear)—and how is the welfare of
in its
the agricultural community to be supported
present condition ? How can we expect it to be pros-
perous as we wish it, in the condition of our commer-
cial and mercantile business, while at this moment tali
are buying in the dearest market and selling in the
cheaper one ?—(Bear, hear.) We have elicited vari-
ous opinions as to the state and condition of the agri-
cultural
interest, but I believe myself, from what I
see around me, and from what I have heard, tha
every soul in the community is perfectly sensible of
its great depression.—(Hear.) I can see this from the
tenderness of writers against us—l mean the writers
who uphold the present system as one which is main-
tainable and likely to be remunerative. The tender-
nets of these writers on agriculture, and on all points
connected with it, leads me to believe that they are
as much aware as ourselves of the precarious condi-
tion in which we stand. How are we to be maintained
upon this important principle ? We were at first
told upon the one hand that it was an experiment, and
upon the other that it was a problem to be solved.
According to these terms, if the experiment failed it
was retraceable, and if the problem to be solved was
solved in the negative, it would he necessary to retrace
their steps.—(l-lear, hear.) I wish to know again
what is the manner in which we are in our present
social condition to meet the case, and how have we
been answered by those who take another view of the
subject ?—(Hear, hear.) We are told that we must
grow more corn, and to do that we must farm high.
expv
The term high farming may be understood in two or
g upon the
most three different ways, but I believe that the gentlemen
who
speak
expensive high mean
hear)—thrashingaenprroceedin
f
p rianr e n g m
principle—(Hear,
and cult' • 4,
cultivating by expensive machinery and erecting
expensive buildi • • ngs, carrying on all the operations
agriculture, and treating the whole thingthing on a scale
which requires the largest outlay of capitaoutlay , to do
which under falling prices appears to be Impossible.—
(Hear.) We began upon the system which regulated
our commercial business, when
the Agricultural So-
ciety of England was formed they carefully studied
the cultivation of the
son. We began to carry out
the views of that society to
and the progress made was extremely
rapid, but it
was checked by an experiment which we could
not then foresee. That experiment, so far from
tending to induce us to extend our expen-
diture induced us to look about us to retrench it, and
so far from inducing us to farm high it induced us
cheapest
way. look about us how we could work in the
way. Another party tells us that high farming is a
word used in another sense, meaning the manuring
the land by the maintenance of animals ; but up on
this point we should be unable to conduct our opera-
tions according to their views. Some time ago a
distinguished friend of mine in the north of England'
stated before the public that in his opinion landed
proprietors should turn their attention to another
class of cultivation ; that they should grow flax; that
above all we should use the new reaping machine,
and that then we should be able to recover ourselves

entirely.—(Laughter.) If we lay out our lands for
the purpose of raising animals, we go back, in fact,
to the, old pastoral system. You know well that if
that course were to be pursued you would bring the
country rapidly back to the pastoral system; but I
should like to know how under such a system is our
commercial system to be maintained, and how the
farmer is to meet the expense of changing from one
crop to another, even supposing that he could find a
favourable market ? The Noble Lord proceeded to
argue that if the farmers could find a ready market
for their flax, and mills were erected in their neigh-
bourhood, they might gradually attempt to introduce
the change; but that the consequence of the cessation
of the growth of wheat in this country must tend to
render it dependent upon the foreigner, and even-
tually to place it in a position of slavery. He re-
sumed his seat amid much cheering.
Major BERESFORD returned thanks for the county
Members. Other toasts having been drunk the
meeting separated.

NEW PEOPLE'S HALL AT COLCHESTER

Tile interesting ceremony of inaugurating this
building for the purposes of the members of the Col-
chester Mechanics' Institution and the public gene-
rally took place on Tuesday evening under the most
auspicious circumstances.
The New People's Hall, which is an exceedingly
handsome and commodious structure, presented a
very interesting and animated appearance. The en•
trance passage from the High-rest, through which
visitors passed to the building, was tastefully deco-
rated with verdant arches of flowers and evergreens,
and on the wail was a pretty device of dahlias, making
"Progress" the watchword of the institution. Over
the portal of the interior of the hall in a semicircular
form, facing the platform, was a beautiful and exten-
sive device of various coloured dahlias, amidst sprigs
of laurel and ivy, in which the motto, " Science, Art,
and Literature" could be conspicuously traced.
On the platform were Mr. John Gurdon Rebow,
Wivenhoe-park, president; Mr. Hardcastle, M.P. for
Colchester; Prof. Airy, Astronomer Royal; Mr.
W. P. Donne, F.R.S. ' • Rev. Dr. Seaman, rector of
Greenstead ; Rev. T. W. Davids, Lion-walk Chapel,
Colchester; Rev. J. Cameron, Headgate Chapel, Cols
chester ; Mr. J. Tabor, Mr. J. C. Eisdell, Mr. T.
Catchpool, Jun., Mr. J. S. Barnes, Mr. J. M.
Churchill, Mr. H. S. Goody, Mr. J. B. Harvey (hon.
sec.), and Mr. D. Morris.
After addresses from the CHAIRMAN (Mr. Rebow)
and Mr. HARDCASTLE, M.P.,
Professor AIRY, the Astronomer Royal, on stand-
ing forward to address his audience, was greeted
with loud cheers. He said he was personally a
stranger to almost every individual in that room, al-
though he might say he once had connexion with
Colchester, the nine best years of his boyhood being
spent in that town before he went to the University.
He had always looked at his connexion with this
town at his early age with great gratitude. At that
time of life what he learnt was not all acquired at
school, but elsewhere, and he became familiar with
those things which were associated with the idea of
Mechanics' Institutions. He remembered very well
that when he had acquired a sort of general opinion
on the properties of the steam-engine, the manner in
which he learnt anything accurately about it was
from a book a small tradesman lent him, but he learnt
its practical operations from studying their two steam
engines in the town, one cf which was at St. Giles's
brewery, and the other at the waterworks at Bal-
kerne-hill. Since then he lied examined innume-
rable steam-en rein es, and had learnt by the examination
of the smaller details of these various specimens. No w
the recollection sit. that suggested to him one thing in
connection with the inscription he saw upon that
wall, " Science, art, and literature." If he had made
the inscription himself, he should have put it in a dif-
ferent order, and put art first, not as being first in
dignity or importance, but as coming first into pro-
gress to men's mind—(Hear, hear)—it was by ac-
quiring accurate knowledge of art that people were
led to science, and it was seldom before that they
progressed to literature.—(Hear, hear.) He had at
different times opportunities of seeing various ranks
of mechanics tinder different circumstances. There
was one instance which made a great impression
upon him, which as a special incident was worthy or
remark, and which he would mention. Some years
ago in the prosecution of experiments in mines at
Cornwall, when he was several hundred yards deep in
the earth, he had an opportunity of seeing that sin-
gular,Und interesting set of people the Cornish miners,
and it was impossible to be among them without
discovering in them a wonderful practical sagacity—
a scientific sagacity, and this showed itself in their
machinery in every part, in pumps and valve gear-
ing, which were well known in some way or other to
every person in the kingdom; they showed in that
little spot in the island, by an infinity of little contri-
vances, which he never saw anywhere else, their
practical sagacity. He amused himself to discover
how it happened. Ile found there were persons con-
nected with these mines, not masters, but called cap-
tains, who were so concerned that they had the ma-
nagement of the other men, and had considerable op-
portunities of meeting to dine together, and assembling
in various ways. He had been present at these meet-
ings himself, and had been struck with the idea that
there was a sort of little mechanical parliament, and
in their discussions upon steam-engines, and pumps,
and rolling machinery, and everything connected with
the mines, there was a degree of accuracy of observa-
tion and sagacity of inference that would have done
honour to any one of the master manufacturers of
Manchester. In these private discussions there was
displayed a degree of talent he never saw anywhere
else. This was the sort of thing he should hope
would arise from institutions similar to this.—(Hear,
hear.) He should trust there would be private dis-
cussions there when persons interested in them were
brought together. Though that might be one of the
advantages of meetings of that kind, he looked upon it
as comparatively a small one ; there were others to
which the associations of persons in that way led,
which could not be, procured by any single person.
There was one advantage to which great importance
had been attached in the report read to them, and also
in the address of the Member for the borough—he
meant the collection of a good library.--(Hear, hear.)
That was a thing no single person could procure for
himself, but it could be procured by a number of per-
sons in the lowest grade of society, and perfectly in-
valuable; he did not grudge the terms in which the
importance of that had been expressed.— (Hear,
hear.) There were other ways in which this
collection of persons—this organization of society,
could he made valuable, and one of these, to which
he attached much importance himself, was in the
procuring occasionally lectures, and holding in-
structing meetings of that kind. It was possible
for a number of persons uniting iin that manner to
receive expositions, such as could not be received very
well by any single person ; and allow him to say that
the expositions which could be so received, and which
might touch upon the very highest points of science,
still need not be at all beyond the understanding of
persons appointed to meet there.—(Hear.) It was a
pom • t he had endeavoured to urge that there were very
few of the most recondite parts of the sciences with
souyarl
eraoda;d
etvoegryeoulougeywour
must
tsturose-
which he was acquainted, the particulars of which
would not be understood by person if they took the
could
h
sidt
h thereto et reachawnsseducation,mo much
e ehv err
which
ue th classssome-
what aiosimns; wits, nTorhe
butar enwywi with proper penbrooe er means there were no prin-
ciples
here the principles were understood.
many cases w
what of every kind of that. they would obtain in
of
terms to say he was
mankind;cnoPtiles i fully science
deed millions of miles off, and
sure the sun was a hun
nentch°e
acquiredbd'e'yt details`
and make them understand it if
be could prove it,
they would take the tr he
trouble could make them
principles upon which this was com-
putedunderstand the
He meant in speaking in these .
could, if they had the
• • to details, see it as he did himself.
leisure for going in
He looked upon it as a very great advantage to orga-
nise societies of that kind that they could have the
proper expositions of the evidence
means of procuring
such
and established—they .
of these things, as could not be very
well acquired by single persons—(Hear, hear)—
tnre of half a
he ex e pent
life to understand.—(Hear, hear.)
Still, supposing
and these things were worth t
that the attention of a body like that was directed to
thinks of that kind, be did not think it had done all it
could do. A man who merely
poor creature—he (the
eh was to see.that long
professor) looked at
oughtstudi
e d
artto
anddo sadsscience
literature as a part as important
word at the end of the m •
otto —(Hear, hear.) He
took literature in its widest sense : there was histori-
calas the rest, and verynce gWlaasd
literature, and literature of various kinds, and lo-
calCelchester which wiS
the first Roman capital of
England. Colchester was
literature, and for that there were considerable
opportunities in a place like
the place where the first successful outbreak took
place in the revolt of Boadicea, and the scene of san-
guinary struggles in the middle ages, and it was a
place in that respect of very great interest. He
thought he had alluded to all the principal points to
which an institution like that ought to be directed,
but perhaps before going further he might allude to
the way in which it had been foand necessary in prac-
tice to conduct the business of meetings of that kind.
Undoubtedly much might be dane in the Way of pro-

curing the assistance of lecturers or others, and by
expositions of a public character. But it had been
found necessary, and it was the natural
way of beginning in all societies of that kind,
to bold discussions, and he considered, in spite of
their dangerous tendency when improperly conducted,
that when conducted with ordinary caution they were
the very life-blood of such a society as that. It was
in this way the Royal Society began the Exhibition—
it was just in the same way the Institution of Civil
Engineers went on and most successfully ; he might
allude to the Astronomical and Geological Societies,
and many others. He considered, therefore, that this
was one of the most important points in the practice
—the daily practice of a society like that ; at the
same time everybody would see that it required the
greatest caution and attention to the rules of the
society, as well as the exercise of good nature, to pre-
vent it being injurious to the members.—(Hear, hear.)
After having made the general remarks, he must join
in the congratulations which other members had ex-
pressed to the meeting of their lodgment in that most
excellent room—it was positively one of the best
rooms he had seen in his life.—(Hear, hear.) He
could wish some of the oldest established societies in
London had anything a quarter so good. I❑ speak-
ing of all those advantages which might be possessed
by an institution of that kind, replete by the
powers of its organization, and the convenience it
had for a meeting, he must not delight them by
supposing they had secured all ; after all, this was
like a skeleton without life.—(Hear, hear.) The ex-
istence of the institution and its success would depend
not only upon its having a large body of people met
together, or its having a good room, or in having an
able set of officers, but upon the individual exertions
of the members—(Hear, hear)—and it was in that
that the vitality of the society would consist. And
he would warn every member that, in joining that
institution, he ought to pledge himself to do every-
thing in his power individually, and it was only in
that way that the institution could hope for a long
and successful life. Now, having stated that, he had
merely to express his hope, which he thought was one
which would be expressed by the officers of the so-
ciety, that meeting in good humour for the purposes
contemplated in the original formation of the institu-
tion, these means might be made use of which he had
spoken, that by the formation of a library, and the
use of it also, and by the collecting means of infor-
mation from lectures, from compositions, from dis-
cussions in various ways, and by attention to them,
the individual studies of the members of the institu-
tion would go on and prosper, and that the oral dis-
cussion which might take place in that room might
progress with spirit and good temper ; and having
wished this he thought he had wished all that he could
wish, for he thought he had embodied the means
which they all desired for the success of the institu-
tion.—(The Learned Professor resumed his seat amidst
much applause.)—Essex Herald.

MASONIC BANQUET TO LIE UT.-GENE-
RAG SIR C. J. NAPIER.
A grand masonic banquet was given at Portsmouth,
on Tuesday evening, at the Queen's Rooms, to Lieut.-
General Sir Charles James Napier, G.C.8., by
the brethren of the three lodges of that town, viz.
—The Phwaix, 319 ; Royal Sussex, 428 ; and Ports-
mouth, 717. The chair was occupied by Lord George
Lennox, P.M., and there were 110 brethren present.
Previous to the banquet a lodge was opened, when Sir
Charles Napier was introduced to the brethren present,
and an address presented to him. To this Sir Charles
returned the following reply :
" Worshipful Sir and Brethren,—l am gratified in
the highest degree by the address with which you
have honoured me ; but I fear that your kind feelings
have set an over-value on my small services to the
State. My greatest merit, if merit it be, has been my
devotion to the service; but one who served under
such commanders as Moore and Wellington would be
base indeed were he deficient in that virtue !
"With regard to the conquest and the government
of Sinde, my only boast is that I was able to execute
the orders which I received from the Governor-
General of India, and thus to win, not only the ap
probation, but the friendship of Lord Ellenborough.
That Earl, gifted by nature with a military genius,
had experience in the Government of India before he
went to that country, and these two advantages pro-
duced, in my opinion, the greatest man that ever ruled
over the wayward destinies of that extraordinary
empire. When Lord Ellenborough was recalled I
had still the good fortune to possess the approbation
and support of Lord Hardinge. That support ensured
to me success in the war which we waged against the
bold and powerful tribes of the Boogtee hills. It
enabled me to quell those fierce barbarians, by com-
bined marching and great fatigue to the troops. Thus
was the safety of Sinde rendered secure—happily
without bloodshed ; which was, to me, all the glory
and the reward which I sought for or desired.
" So powerfully supported by the Governor-Gene-
ral, and by the troops obeying with such enduring
fortitude, I can claim but a small share of merit
beyond that of unabated and successful zeal for the
honour of her Majesty's and the East India Com-
pany's arms. That my conduct when I went to India
as Commander-in-Chief, should be approved of by
you, my brother masons and my countrymen, is to
me very gratifying. My zeal to fulfil the duties of
that high command continued with unabated ardour ;
but I no longer found the support which I received
from Lord Ellenborough and Lord Hardinge. Sup-
port was turned into reprimand ; and I found myself
loaded with vast responsibility, but denuded of the
power to sustain it. I therefore resigned, and thus
closed my career in India.

" Brethren ! I accept with the greatest satisfaction
and with pride the honourable welcome which you
have vouchsafed to give me, and I hope to spend my
remaining years among you, as a worthy mason
should do, in' Faith, Hope, and Charity,' until that
fatal hour arrives which summons mortals to another
world."

It was unanimously resolved that the foregoing
reply should be inserted in the records of each lodge.
The brethren then adjourned to the banquetting-
room, where an excellent dinner was served up, after
which the usual loyal toasts of " The Queen and the
Craft," and " Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales,
and the rest of the Royal Family ;" "The Most Wor-
shipful the Earl of Zetland, the Grand Master of
England ;" " Br. General Sir C. J. Napier ;" " The
Navy and Army ;" " The Right Worshipful the
Grand Master of Hants, and the Right Worshipful
the Deputy-Grand Master, Mr. C. E. Deacon" (the
latter being present) ; " Br. Morris, P.S.G.W. of
England ;" " The Chairman ;" " The P.G.M. of Ber-
muda, Br. Joseph Stewart Hunter;" " The D P.G.M.
of Wigtoh, N.B. Br. Captain J. D. (lay;" and other
toasts were given and duly responded to. The other
proceedings went off with greet satisfaction to all
present, and a very masonic and pleasant evening was
spent.

METROPOLIT'AN COMMISSIONof SEWERS.
Yesterday a special Court of Commissioners was
held at No. 1, Greek-street, Soho, for the transaction
of the ordinary business of the Commission.. Mr. E.
Lawes presided, and there were present Captain Daw-
son, Mr. Cubitt, Mr. Allason, and the officers of the
corporation.
Among the applications and memorials were several
from the poorer districts of Newington and Islington.
Houses had been run up without the least considera-
tion of the mode in which their sewage was to be car-
ried off. There were no lateral drains, and the houses
stood at so low a level that there were no means of
providing a proper fall into the main sewers of the
neighbourhood.

The engineers reported upon these memorials that
no remedy could be provided, until the general system
of drainage contemplated by the Commission should
be carried out.

Ordered, that the engineers' reports be forwarded to
the applicants.
A memorial from Russell-street, Bermondsey, re-
vealed the startling fact that the main sewer which
supplies the inhabitants of that district with water is
also the means of relieving them of their sewage. It
communicates with the Thames near St. Saviour's
Dock. 'When the tide is up, water flows from the
river to the houses ; when it is down, the sewage runs
from the houses to the river. Even this is scarcely a
sufficiently bad representation of the state of this sewer,
for it appeared from the statement of Mr. Allason that
the sewer was so flat that the sewage water pene-
trated through the bottom into the basements beneath.
On a recent visit to the locality he had found sewage
water to a depth of from 12 to 18 inches in the cellars.
Captain DAwsoN could hardly credit such a state
of things. It was, indeed, the application ofthe
principle of oscillation with a vengeance, such as he
had hardly expected to have seen carried out in the
sewers.
Mr. FORSTER said the case was by no means a rare
one in the Surrey and Kent districts.
Mr. ALLASON sail the case appeared a most urgent
one. Parties were suffering in health throughout the
whole of the district, and the effluvium was most
offensive and pernicious.
Ultimately the memorial was referred to the en-
gineer to report whether,
more extensive
operations, a temporary outlet'ea intoiag the St. Saviour's
Dock might not be provided.
New works were ordered in the Holborn division
to the amount of 9901,; in Surrey and Kent, to the

amount of 5801. ; in the eastern division of IVe:-
rninster, to the amount 3561. ; in the western divi-
sion, to the extent of 74/. ; in Finsbury, to the
amount of 257/. ; and in other minor districts to the
amount of 1201.
Summonses against refractory ratepayers were
then disposed of, and after the transaction of some
routine business the Court adjourned;

GAROTTE ROBBERY IN LIVERPOOL.
At the,Liverpool Police-court yesterday, John Bar-
rington, a well-known character, a returned convict,
was brought up, charged with having stolen 2301.
from Mr. Livingston, the celebrated cotton-broker.
The prisoner only returned from transportation about
a fortnight ago; and, from the statement made by
Detective-Inspector Bates, it appears that, on the Bth
instant, the night before the Queen's visit, the prose-
cutor, Mr. Livingston, had been assaulted and robbed,
just before entering his house in Bold-place, by some
men, who cut away his pocket, and stole from him a
silver lever watch, a bill of exchange for 1871. Bs., a
Bank of England note for 1001., and two others for
201. each. Since that time the inspector had been in
search of the thieves, and his suspicions, from pro-
fessional knowledge, fell upon the prisoner, who
had just returned from transportation. He ascer-
tained that he (the prisoner) had taken a beer-
house in Bronte-street, off Russell-street. On the day
previous he (Bates) took with him two other detec-
tive officers, Murphy and Lloyd. They went to the
place, and told the prisoner that they had come to
search the house. Lloyd fastened the dooNand they
commencedpigeonfeote theone soefatrhceh.birldVs
flewhen otuhte,yartgi er
said, " Stop ! there is money Witnessthere." put
,
his hand there, and pulled out eleven sovereigns. In
a bag mixed up with pigeon dirt he found a silver
lever-watch, which had since been identified by Mr.
Livingston as that stolen from him. The prisoner,
when brought to the office, denied the charge.
Murphy, another of the detective officers, said that
they received information that the prisoner had left
801. with Mrs. Hume, a publican, in Whitechapel.
Since the Bth instant the prisoner had called and got
401., and the other 401. was handed over to him
(witness).
The Inspector said he was prepared to prove that
it was the prisoner Barrington himself who had taken
the beerhouse.

Mrs. Hume corroborated the testimony of the
sergeant as to the prisoner leaving 801. in her custody.
Mrs. M'Croly deposed to having let the beer-house
to the prisoner Barrington. A deposit of 3/. was
paid on the day of taking, and 11/. more on the Fri-
day following.
Mr. Livingston identified the watch, and stated
that on the Bth inst., when within a few yards from
his own house, he was attacked by three men. One
seized him by the throat, another held him by the
arm, and the third, whom he recognised as the pri-
soner, came in front of him and attempted to pull
down his trousers. Failing in this, the prisoner took
a knife and cut away the left-hand pocket, and stole
the money stated. He (the prisoner) also dragged
away prosecutor's watch. The thieves then effected
their escape.
The prisoner, when in Bridewell, denied that he
had deposited any money with Mrs. Hume, and said
he knew nothing whatever of the robbery.
He was committed for trial. The proceedings ex-
cited much interest.

THE MURDER NEAR FROME.
FROME, OCT. 21.—The three men, named Robert
Hurd, alias Frome Bob, William Maggs, and William
Sparrow, who have been arrested on suspicion of
being concerned in the violation and brutal murder of
Sarah Watts, at the West Woodlands, were brought
up for examination before the Frome bench of
magistrates. The proceedings excited the greatest
interest.

The murder, it may be recollected, was one of the
most revolting character. The deceased was about
fifteen years of age, and was the daughter of a small
farmer at West Woodlands, between two and three
wiles from this town. On the morning of the '24th
ult. she was left at home by herself, her parents
having to attend the market of this place. They
returned about four o'clock in the afternoon, and to
their horror found the dead body of the girl in the
dairy. The state of her dress and other appearances
clearly showed that she had been subjected to the
most revolting treatment just before death.
Bruises were found on different parts of her
body, and also scratches on her arms and legs,
indicating that she had had a most severe struggle
with her diabolical assailant. Mr. Giles, a surgeon,
expressed an opinion that death had been caused by
pressure on the windpipe, and that she could not have
done it herself. There were bruises and marks on the
neck about the size of a man's hand. It should also
be observed that the medical testimony proved that
she had been violated just before death. On the cot-
tage being examined, traces of one or more persons
were discovered, and it also seemed that they had
carried off some property. The detection of the
guilty parties appeared to baffle the efforts of the
local police. The Government, however, offered a
reward of 501., and the services of an active London
officer being procured, a chain of circumstances was
so collected as to lead to the capture of the prisoners,
who appear not to have borne the best of characters.
It is stated that they have all been convicted of some
offence or other, and that they formed part of a gang
which for some time has infested the district.

Mr. John Watts, the father of the murdered girl,
having repeated what has already appeared respect-
ing the finding of his daughter lying on the floor of
the dairy quite dead, with her clothes covering her
head, he added that on his return home, after giving
information of the murder at Frome, he met the pri-
soner Hurd coming out of a beerhouse.
Joseph Watts, of Titherington-lane, spoke of seeing
the three prisoners, with a fourth man, in a lane near
the cottage of the deceased's father, about half-past
one o'clock in the afternoon of the 24th ult., the day
of the murder. They spoke to him, and Hurd, who
seemed to be a kind of leader, beckoned his compa-
nions to leave. They went in the direction of a farm-
house which was within view of the deceased's resi-
dence.

Several other witnesses gave evidence of their being
in the neighbourhood with a fourth man.
Robert Haller, who resides in the parish of Frome,
stated that on the 2d inst., between six and seven
o'clock in the evening, as he was returning from work
up Blatchbridge-hill, he sat down to rest, when he
observed Maggs come out of Burchall-lane, and go up
the hill towards Prorne. Had heard that Maggs,
Hurd, and others were blamed for the murder. He
went up the lane as fast as he could, and passing
through a gate which entered the side field, he
walked up by the side of the hedge which ran
parallel with the lane. He heard footsteps of ano-
ther person coming down, who met Maggs oppo-
sitehasn't done the
m;
witnessutrh de ee r we di'
a lane leading into thatchbridge-lane. While
they were talking he remained under the hedge. Maggs
asked the other man, who was taller than Maggs,
top:tr,rodauovlnedl
if he had heard anything fresh. The other replied
that he had heard that Bill Sparrow had informed the
London officer that he (Sparrow) had done the mur-
der ; that the London officer had been to Spar-
row,addedhe had
that and said, " Ah, my good fellow, I am glad thee
daylight to go
and 501." Maggs rejoined, "He will neither have a
free pardon nor his 501., for Bill Sparrow was the man
that kill&I her. He would not have killed her, only
have made public these facts before, but for a fear
to his
work, and re-
turn again at night.
foursthh ae that knew
he
miles s should o him."u
beforeld
Martha Watson, the daughter of
the landlord of a
public-house at North Bradley,
deposed that at the
latter end of last month a man named
William Spar-
row came to their house, on a Monday and Tuesday.
He had a very bad thumb, andh
bitten in a fight. In the course oef stated that it was
tconversation her
father asked him if it
wasu
murdered at Promo P lie s .rd ie that a girl had been
t was true, and that he
had seen the girl
T Her
ad been murdered on the
Inquired whether they had
any suspicion of any one He saidthat he did not
taken know—four persons had' beenand set at
liberty, and the girl's uncle had also beenup taken up
and discharged. He told us that she had a blow on
the head, which had been doneht with a
, he thou g ,
stick or something else, and that afterwards she was
put in the whey. He was asked what caused death I
--the blow, or being put in the whey? lie replied
he did not know, but the whey was stained will
blood. He thought it would never be found out, te-
cause he thought there was only one person concerned
in the murder.
Sarah Watts, the mother of the deceased, stated that
she was at home on the Thursday after the girl was
murdered, and that she did not see Sparrow at her '
house on that day.
Mr. Shoreland, surgeon, deposed to examining the
left hand of Sparrow, and finding contused wounds
on the knuckles and thumb, and forming an opinion
that they had been inflicted anterior to the time
stated by him. A bite would have caused those in-
juries.

The police then solicited another remand, in order
that they might collect other important facts ; and the
bench accordingly remanded the prisoners for another
week.