The Sun.
London, England, 1851-05-23 00:00:00

THE SUN,

_A :H OF AN INDIAN CHIEF.
Da-o-ne-ho-ga-web, a Chief of the Senecas, died at
Tc inawanda, in this state, on Friday of last week. This
ch. iel was generally known among the whites by the
na me of John Blacksmith. He was a most determined and
lea .rless defender of the rights of his brethren against the
eta .!roachments of the " pale faces," and his name may
be found to several important treaties at Wash-
in 1;ton. He was always a z,..,a10us opponent of the land
sc s?culators, and frequently came in contact with them
in courts of justice, and we believe on one or two coca-
31SIS actually forced some of them to leave the Indian
territory. He was strictly temperate in his habits,
ay.d was regarded by the Six Nations as their greatest
chief since the death of Red Jacket. According to
the customs of the red men, a runner was dispatched
to the Six Nations, consisting of the Oneidas, Onon-
dagas, Tuscaroras, Mohawks, Cayugas, and Senecas,
with intelligence of the death of their great chief. The
rc.aner to the Onondaga nation passed through this city
on Monday last, and on approaching the Council-house
of the Onondagas raised the cry of lament,
which was understood by the tribe, who hap-
pened to be assembled in the Council-house at
-the time. A messenger was dispatched to meet the
:runner, who was still some distance from the
Council-house. On meeting the runner, the Onondaga
(who understood, from the peculiar cry, that he was the
bearer of bad news) addressed a few words to him in
the Indian dialect, of which the following is said to be
a correct translation :—" Let it come forth, that our
minds may also drop down." The sad news was
then communicated to the Onondaga, and the two
proceeded to the Council-house, where a large number
of the natives were assembled, and all the particulars
of the sad intelligence communicated to them
by the runner. A string of black beads (the token of
the death of a great chief), which is always carried by
the bearer of the mournful news, was then passed from
hand to hand round the council, and other tokens of
mourning were exhibited. The occasion was of great
interest, as the chief whose death they were called on to
lament was universally beloved and esteemed by the Six
Nations over whom he exercised authority. We
learn that his place will be filled next fall, when the
Onondagas are entitled to officiate at the ceremony of
crowning the new chief. We learn, also, that on Mon-
day text a chief of the Onondagas will be crowned at
their Council-house in the place of one who died in
March last.—Onondaga Standard.

CITY SE WENS COMMISSION.
On Tuesday a Court was held, Deputy Peacock i❑
:he chair.

In answer to au inquiry from one of the Commis-
sioners, it was stated by tee surveyor, Mr. Haywood,
that he (the surveyor) did not consider that the wood
pavement in Bartholomew-lace and Lothbury was at all
dangerous. The report of the inspector for the district
was then read, on which
Mr. MORTIMER, the inspector, stated that the wood
pavement in Bartholomew lane and Lothbury had been
altered, repaved, and made good, and that by that day it
had been finished by the patentee, Mr. Carey, of Great
Guildford-street, Southwark. The work, it was stated,
had been completed within fourteen days from its com-
mencement. The former blocks have been laid, within
ten years ago by the patentee.
Several personal applications were then heard.
APPOINTMENT OF AN ASSISTANT CLERK TO TILE COM-
MISSIONERS.
In answer to a reference mado by the court; to the
General Purposes Committee a short time sinc,a, it was
reported by the chief clerk that six persons had been se-
lected as fit to perform the duties. The follovving are
their names:---:#lr. William Jolly, of Mr. Temple's office,
Guildhall; Mr. Josiah Crook, son of the contrete tor for
the sowers; Mr. H. Blake, son of one of the commis-
sioners of sewers; Mr. Pearson, nephew of the city so-
licitor; Mr. Crawford, and Mr. Richmond.
On the motion of Deputy HARRISON, Mr. Crocvk's son
was declared to be ineligible, he being the son of a con-
tractor to the Commissioners.
Exception was also taken to Mr. Blake's son and to
Mr. Pearson, the former being the clerk to a ireember
of the Court, and the latter being the nephew of the
City Solicitor. Both these propositions were, however,
overruled, and the names allowed to be retained.
Mr. H. L. TAYLOR then moved a resolution, of. which
due notice had been given, to the effect that the al ection
of an Assistant-Clerk be postponed until inquiriE s had
been made into the necessity for such a step being 'taken,
and whether the Assistant-Clerk was likely egain to he
fit to perform his duties. If he did so, he (Mr. Ta ylor)
thought such an appointment unnecessary.
After a long discussion, the CHAIRMAN said ther a was
no doubt that the Assistant-Clerk was convalescent, and
that they had better agree to adjourn the appoia tment
°I an Assistant.—Agreed to.—Adjourned.

SEABORNE MAILS.
by the night_ the
IN signifies that
the mails are sent from the General Post ,-02011
by the morning- Itch.]

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London. patched. die.
11-
America (by U.S. pkt.) 14,114aY 27
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America (by Brit. pkt.),,f N
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LLilvveerrppooooll .... 31ay 27
le ' lay 23
.. Southampt. May 29
Dover
.. Dail •
3- America (by U.S. pkt.) xt j,,,,, 4 .. ..
p Africa (West coast)• • N 14th of the •-
MN 91t9htho8fLthe
" Belgium Nr Daily 7""r uue•lDo„r Juno 3
4 Alexandria* • • .....,
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.. May 28
i Brazil ..
Buenos Ayres .. , . M 9th of the month IZouthanapt. June 12
California(viaChagres)3l,l7th of month eutlaarapt. June 12
of Good Hope 17114th of month p°l;,tloailfipt. Arris 'ed
• Cape
' Constantinople* .• • • 1,/- 7th 17th 27th of mo ;Dover th • • 'Jmunii 3
i Central AmerlCa .• rnal.,:nt.:lllPlYnsouth •
m,2d & 17th of mon. ISoutharn i: --tua,Y,,,„.: 0
• Channel Isles • • .. 2,T;Mon., Wed., & Fri.' Southanatt ji‘m -•..-
3117th of the month 'Southani • -- .•-/' 8 pt. Aril y ' a
France .. .. 31 & N Twice daily .. ..(Dover Twi ed
N 7th 17th 27th ef mo Dover 1 , *daily
Greece •• •, •• . •• lay 30
Hamb .• •• Ni Tuesday & Friday London .. Tue . sat.
Holland.. •• •• '
311Wednes. & Satur. London •• Men. Th,,,,
N 17th of the month Southampt. Arrii fed
Honduras .- •• • 1
Ireland .. •• M & 24,T Twice daily .. .. Holyhead .• Twin Many
India (via Sonthamp.) M 20th of the month Southampt. May- 23
India (viaMarsellles) N 7th& 24th ofmonth Dover .. Julie, 2
Mediterranean (via
Southampton) .. 3120th of the month Southampt. May 23
Mediterranean (via
Marseilles) .. .. Nl7th& 24th ofmonth Dover .. Janet 2
•Arezie° • 2dof the month.. Southampt. Jane :a
Kaaei • .. .. 311
ra • • • • .. 3119th of the month Southampt. Jane. 12
Malta*
• • N f 7th'l7th'l9th'27th 3 Dover May ,28
Nariles. &30th of month
Papal State* • • • •
N sth 15th 25th ofmo Dover • • May 22
reninsuiar:. • • • • 31 sth 15th 25th ofmo Dover .. May 22
Peru .. • • • • 31 7th 17th 27th of mo Southampt. May 24
I
.
Tuscany*
.; • • • • 31 17th of the month Southampt. Arrived
West Indies .• • •
Math 15th 25thofmo Dover • • 31107 42
West Indies
(eieep-i M 17th of the month Southarapt. Arrived Y
Havanna & Nassau) 2d o M
~, The
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to
those e f the month .. iSouthanapt• June 3 5
French packet NIA 31arseiresntries thus marked (*) are conve3 vet by
CALD•arfrs.—:NtailS to and fro '
are now despatched and due by from -Ca via the United Si tate
every American packet. 1

• , „
calamities may arise in the said colony which your
Honourable House will ever deplore.
That the wrongs inflicted on the said colony have
aroused the sympathies of all the neighbouring colonies,
and the whole of Southern and Eastern Australia is
agitated on the subject of transportation; while io Van
Diemen's Land leagues have been entered into among
the colonists not to employ convicts arriving after a cer-
tain day of the last year; at the same time petitioners
have heard and believe, that among the convicts active
efforts are being made, on every homestead, to intimi-
date and drive away any free labourers employed by the
colonists.
That, in this alarming state of things, your petitioners.
as deeply concerned in the well-being of the colony of
Van Dieinen's Land, humbly, but confidently submit to
your Honourable House, that every consideration of jus-
tice and good faith, religion and morality, as well as of
good policy, requires that henceforth no more convicts
be sent to the said eolony ; and they submit that it would
be grievous indeed if the future nations of Australia
should data their alienation from this country from such
a cause as their compulsory contamination by the parent
state.

Your petitioners therefore humbly pray that
your Honourable House, taking the premises into
serious consideration, will adopt such steps as to
your Honourable douse may seem meet, at once
to arrest the further transportation of offenders to
the colony of Van Diemen's Land.
London, May, 1851.

BRITISH LADIES' FEMALE EMIGRANT
SOCIETY,
On Wednesday the seeond annual meeting of this so-
ciety was held at the Hanover-square Rooms; the Earl
of Harrowby in the chair.
The CHAIRMAN,
in opening the proceedine.s, said
the meeting was aware of the increasing alux of
e migants from this country to distant colonies, and
t hat those emigrants would constitute the pa-
r eats of future communities, possibly of future em-
p ires. It was true that some abuses had occurred
u pon the passage outwards ; but the object of this
s ciety was to protect the female passengers from insult-
Ili g danger. This was done by the selection of religious
ar d moral matrons, who were generally appointed by the
G overnment, and by providing the female emigrants
with suitable employment on the voyage. The society
re quired support and sympathy, the more particularly at
present, when emigration was greatly upon the increase.
It appeared, from the report, that the society had from
its commencement proposed to itself four objects:—
" 1. To establish homes for the reception of the female
emigrants, where they may be instructed and prepared,
'prior to their leaving their native country. 2. To pro-
vide visitation at the ports, where the emigrants are
formed into industrial classes, and supplied with means
for their instruction and employment during the voyage,
through the agency of the visiting committees. 3. To
secure the appointment of judicious and efficient matrons
:for the superintendence of the young women on the
• voyage, through the agency of the matrons' committee.
4'. To form corresponding societies in the colonies for
'le protection and assistance of the female immigrants
o u their arrival.
" During the past year twelve matrons have been ac-
cv spted by her Majesty's Colonial Land and Emigration
C ommissioners, and five by the Committee of the Female
,migration Fund, on the recommendation of the matrons'
mamittee. From many of these letters have been re-
:tived, and others may be now daily expected. The com-
i n ittee are anxious to have a supply of matrons in readiness,
t h at they may have leisure to prepare for their duties
by fore they sail. Sach matrons as are approved by the
cn mmittee, while waiting their appointment, meet the
s6l iretary weekly, to go through a course of religious
rep tiding, such as they will find useful with the female
en iigrants, and also to arrange the needlework which
wi ll be committed to their charge during the voyage.
" The following briefly shows the state of the finances
f,71 the present year:—From April, 1850, to April,
La 51—Tot,:l receipts by annual subscriptions, 3081. 4s.
2el .; donations, 360/. 14s. 6d.; collections, 621. 55.; ba-
iai ice remaining from last year, 4051. 198. 4d. Total,
I,i 137/. 3s. Expenditure, 811/. 12s. 6d. Balance in hand
A aril, 1851, 325/. 10s. 10d." ,
The report was adopted, and after the pc.:,,izg of reso-
Irt 'tions in favour of continued support being extended
to the society, the meeting separated.
Ji EAT-

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
On Tuesday, May 20 (Wm. Cubist, Esq., President,
in the chair), the paper read was "On the Isthmus of
Suez, and the ancient Canals of Egypt," by Mr. Joseph
Glynn, M. Inst. C.E. The author's attention had been
directed to this subject when the best route to India was
under discussion, and that by the River Euphrates to
the Persian Gulf was contended for, as offering advan-
tages superior to the one now so successfully adopted
through Egypt and by the Red Sea. The possibility of
the restoration of the ancient canals in the Desert, na-
turally formed part of the consideration of the practi-
cability of establishing a communication by water,
which should admit of the passage of large vessels from
sea to sea.
It appeared that about six hundred years before the
Christian era, Darius (Hystaspis) completed a canal
from the Nile, a little above Bubastes, to the Red Sea,
near to Patumos; this canal, which in some places was
nearly 150 feet wide and 30 feet in depth, passed
through the valley to the Bitter Lakes, and was navi-
gable for vessels of considerable burden, only whilst
the Nile was high, as it was filled from that source, and
that it served by its branches for the purposes of irriga-
tion and for the supply of fresh water to several impor-
tant cities. The ancients assumed that there existed a
difference of level betweea the waters of the Mediter-
ranean and those of the Red Sea, and precautions were
taken to prevent inundations, as for avoiding any mix-
ture of sea water with that from the Nile.
This canal, after falling into decay, was restored
about the year 644 of the Christian Era, by the Caliph
Omar, who introduced many improvements and changed
its junction with the Nile to a spot near Cairo, which
had the effect of keeping the navigation open for a
longer period during each year. The gradual decadence
of Egypt, however, induced the degradation even of this
great work, so that after about one hundred and twenty
years the channel became choked up, and for above 1,000
years it remained neglected and almost forgotten, until
during the French expedition, when Napoleon, who
could always find leisure for encouraging the arts of
peace, and promoting the interests of Bianco, directed a
complete survey to be made by Monsieur Le Pere, an
engineer of eminence, whose report and survey and
estimate for construction, with a lino of levels from the
Mediterranean to the Red Sea, were published in De-
non's " Description de l'Egypt."
1 It was proposed to follow nearly the old line of canal,
dividing the lenge.- into four sections, at such levels as
should enable the navigation to continue open for nearly
eight months each year. The entire cost was esti-
mated at about twelve hundred thousand pounds sterling.
The direct distance from the northren extremity of
the Red Sea to the Mediterranean being about seventy-
five miles, the length of canal would be about ninety-
three miles, ,through a low barren sandy plain, offering
no obstacles to the speedy execution of any engineering
work, and traversing many lagoons and lakes, the level
of whose bottoms was stated by the French engineers to
be from 20 feet to 54 feet below high water mark in the
Red Sea, at Suez.
The mean rise of the tide in the Red Sea was found
by M. Le Pare to be about 5: feet to 6 feet, and that in
the Mediterranean about 1 foot. The surface of the for-
mer at high water being stated to be about 32i feet
(English) above low water at Tyneb in the latter.
The various points of elevation above the Mediterra-
nean would be thus:—
High water at Suez ... .., ... 30i feet, French.
•••
Low water at Suez ...
••• 25 „
Mean difference „ ... ••• ••• 27i a
Extreme rise of the Nile at Cairo, in a
ordinary seasons ... .
••• i
Lowest point of the Nile, at Cairo, in 39 If 7)
ordinary seasons ... ..• 16
Mean difference n
... ••• ••• 271 ~
Consequently, the Nile, during the height of the inun-
dation, a: Cairo, would be 9 feet above high water
level, and 14 feet above low water level at Suez.
M. Prony, M. Michel Chevalier, and Colonel Chesney,
considered the construction of a canal practicable, in a
country where no physical impediments existed, and
where labour could be obtained, perhaps, at a cheaper
sate than in any other part of the world.
In the discussion which ensued, in which Mr. R. Ste-
phenson, M.P., Colonel Hamilton Smith, Mr. Ayrton,
Mr. Greaves, and the author of the paper took part, it
was shown from recent careful levellings and personal
examination, that the levels o? low water in the Red
Sea and the Mediterranean were identical, and, there-
fore, that the project of M. Le Pere, being based on a
presumed difference of upwards of thirty feet between
the seas, was not feasible; but that the error in the
levels might be accounted for by the fact of the work
being executed during a period of war of the most
harassing description.
It appeared, that the ridge now existing at the end of
the Red Sea, towards the Bitter Lakes, consisted of ter-
tiary strata, the fossils of which were identical with those
of the London Basin and the Hill of Montmartre
(Paris), and that it had no doubt resulted from a geologi-
cal upheaval which had materially changed the features
of the district. If this position were correct, there was
little doubt, that originally the Bitter Lakes formed
the head of the Red Sea, and the Ruins of Serapeum,
and of other extensive towns around, indicated that the
district had, at at a remote epoch, possessed great fer-
tility, being irrigated by the Canal of Sesostris, by which
Lake Temsah was supplied with fresh water ; in fact,
that at that period it was undoubtedly a fertile, beautiful
region, and really " Goshen," the " Land of Promise."
This interesting discussion terminated the business
meeting of this part of the session, which was announced
to be resumed on the second Tuesday in November.