The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-02 00:00:00

No. 11.

TREATY OF AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION, CON-
CLUDED BETWEEN BRAZIL AND THE REPUBLIC OF
PARAGUAY, DATED 6TH APRIL, 1856.
Art. 1. There shall be perfect, firm, and sincere peace
between his Majesty the Emperor of Brazil and his succes-
sors and subjects and the Republic of Paraguay and its
citizens in all their respective possessions and territories.
The high contracting parties will see that this friendship
and good intelligence be maintained constantly and per.
petually.
Art. 2. Brazil concedes to the merchant ships of the
Republic of Paraguay the free navigation of the rivers
Parana and Paraguay in those parts on which it borders,
and the Republic of Paraguay concedes in the same terms
to Brazil the right of free navigation in that part of the
river on which she borders ; so that the' navigation of the
said rivers in that part in which each of the two nations
is riparian, shall thus be common to both.
Art. 3. The subjects and citizens of the high contracting
parties may enter and leave in all freedom and security
with their ships and cargoes, alt tb#..lkNia mad, PlaceS le'
trylly operienolorilintradeliiittiNerntories 6Y airfiiiof
the high contracting parties ; may remain sad reside in
whatever part of the said territories they please, hire houses
and magazines, trade in all sorts of products, manufactures
and merchandise of legitimate exchange, subject to the
laws, uses, and customs established in the country. With
regard to the police of the ports, Ina ling and discharging
of ships, storing and insurance of merchandise, they shall
enjoy the same rights, franchises, and privileges as are ex-
tended to the nationals of each country.
Art. 4. Be it understood, however, that there is not com-
prised in the previous dispositions the navigation of the in•
ternal rivers falling into the Parana or the Paraguay,
which on both their banks belong to either of the two na-
tions, each of the two high contracting parties reserving to
itself the full and entire right of excepting that navigation
and insuring it to the national flag. Arealso excepted the
carrying for trade purposes from port to port of the same
nation, of goods of the country or foreign already cleared
by the custorn•houses for consumption ; the said commerce
never to be carried on except in national bottams, it being,
however, considered free to the citizens and subjects of both
the high contracting parties, to load their merchandise in
the said bottoms, paying both the same duties.
Art. 5. Neither of thehigh contracting parties shall levy
transit nor any other duties under any name whatever, on
the vessels of the other, navigating the rivers Parana and
Paraguay, bound from one of the ports of the nation to
which they belong to another port of the said nation, or
from a port of its own to one belonging to a third nation,
and vice versa.

Art. 6. Be it understood that each of the two high con-
tr acting parties shall reserve to itself the right of adopting,
by means of fiscal and police regulations, such measures as
may secure it from contraband, and provide for its safety,
both binding themselves to support, as the basis of such
regulations, those most favourable for the best and most
ample development of the navigation in favour of which
they have been established.

Art. 7. The vessels of each of the two high contracting
parties, when bound from one of their own ports to another,
or from one of their own to a third or foreign harbour,
shall be entitled to touch with cargo at any port belonging
to the other contracting party, to stay there, discharge
and sell all or part of their lading, receive a new cargo, or
proceed with the remainder of their first one to the origi-
nal port of discharge, without paying for merchandise dis-
charged other or higher duties than those imposed on mer-
chandise introduced or exported directly by the most fa-
voured nation.

Art. 8. In the ports of the Republic of Paraguay, where
Brazilian ships proceed to trade, no higher duties shall be
forced upon them for tonnage, anchorage, pilotage, or sal-
vage in cass of loss or wreck, than are or will be for the
future imposed on ships of Paraguay; and so reciprocally
in the Forts of Brazil, Paraguayan ships shall not be obliged
to pay higher charges under the same head than are paid
or will have to be paid by Brazilian bottoms.
Art. 9. The Brazilians in Paraguay, and the Paraguay.
ans in Brazil, shall have entire liberty to manage their
own affairs, doing so themselves or through their agents or
clerks, as they think most fit.

Art. 10. The subjects and citizens of each of the high
contracting parties shall enjoy in the territories of the
other complete and perfect protection for their persons and
property. They shall have free, and easy access to the
law courts to claim and defend their rights, and they shall
be able to dispose of their property by sale, exchange,
gift, will, or any other method, without any obstacle or
impediment whatever, enjoying in this respect the same
rights and privileges as their own subjects or citizens have
or are to enjoy in the country to which they belong.
They shall be free from all forced military service
of whatever kind it may be, and all forced loans, imposts,
or military requisitions. In case of deaths intestate the
respective consul-general, consul, and vice-consul shall
have the right of administering to the property left by the
deceased, for the benefit of the lawful heirs and the cre-
ditors, in so far as the laws of the country in which the
death took place will permit.

Art. 11. The two high contracting parties, desirous of
placing the intercourse of friendship, commerce, and navi-
gation of their respective countries on a basis of perfect
equality and kindly reciprocity, mutually agree that the
diplomatic and consular agents, the subjects and citizens
of each of them, their ships, and the natural and manufac-
tured products of the two countries, shall reciprocally enjoy
the same rights, franchises, and immunities, as are already
granted, or may in future be extended, to the most fa-
voured nations—gratuitously, if other nations receive gra-
tuitous concession, with equivalent compensation, if the
concession be conditional.

Art. 12. For tho better understanding of the preceding
article, the two high contracting parties agree to consider
as Brazilian, or Paragu,iyan, ship, all such as are owned,
manned, and navigated, according to the laws of their
respective countries.

Art. 13. If one of the high contracting parties engages
in a war with a third Power, the citizens and subjects of
the other remaining neutral shall be able to continue their
trado and navigation with that state, except in ports or
places blockaded or besieged by sea or land; but in no case
shall be permitted the trading in articles reputed as con.
traband of war.

Att. 14. In order that no doubt may be entertained as
to what is or is not contraband of war, shall be considered
such the following altieles (same as in preceding treaty).
Art. 15. When the state of war exists betweon either of
the high contracting parties and a third Power, no citizen of
the other high contracting party shall take commissions, or
letters of marque, for the purpose of aiding or co-operating
in a hostile manner with the enemy, under penalty of being
treated as a pirate.

Art. 16. Neither of the high contracting parties shall
admit into its ports pirates or robbers of the sea, but deter-
minesjects or citizens of iv
and bind itself to pursue the same by all the means in
its power, and with all the rigour of the laws ; also to fol-
low up the accomplices of the said crime, and
up thendallsucshhips
as
sahnadl l
cargoessecret et goodsorhei r
proper obtained by thein
owners,
subjects
whichever state of the high contracting parties they may
be, or their representatives, or, in default of these, their
respective consular agents.

Art.l7. In case of any quarrel, breach of friendship, or
dispute between the two high contracting parties (which
may God prevent !), the subjects or citizens of each of the
said high contracting parties, residing in the territories of
the other, shall be able to pursue their business, and to con-
ainst the
tinue in the exercise of their trade or occupation, andenjo
y be, whether
or the
them-
selvestheirl ipbeeareteyaabnlyd
aproperty,not
nc
commit
farmi t
anyas they conductfreneeag
il an wt she own k
. r goods, of
of
or ewhateverntrus
entrusted
kind
o they
individuals,m a
state, shall not be subject to embargo or sequestration, nor
to any charges or exactions other than are imposed on si-
milar property belonging to national subjects or citizens.
In case, however, of their conduct leading to motives of
suspicion, it shall be legal to expel them from the country,
sufficient time being previously afforded for the arrange-
ment of affairs, and the faculty to take with them their
goods and property, and to dispose of them by legal means.
In addition to this, safe conduct shall be delivered to them,
in order that safe embarkation may be insured at any port
which they may choose so to do.

Art. 18. The two high contracting parties agree to re-
gulate the passage of their ships of war in the waters of
the Parana and Paraguay, belonging to them, on the fol-
lowing terms :—His Excellency the President of Para-
guay, considering that Brazil is a riverine state,
concedes that, without previous advice or consent,
two ships of war of Brazil, whether sailing or under steam,
shall be entitled to ascend or descend, together or singly,
whenever it shall please the Imperial Government, the
streams of the Parana and Paraguay in the parts belong-
ing to the Republic; and to enter into all her ports open
to foreig❑ flags; with this proviso, however, that none of
the said ships shall be of more than GOO tons, or carry a
heavier armament than 8 guns. And his Majesty the Em-
neror of Brazil, on the other hand, concedes, under the
same conditions, that two Paraguayan ships of war may
enter the ports of Brazil open to foreign flags in the rivers
Paraguay and Parana, 130 it understood, however, first,.

that the Brazilian ships of war used as packets to theports
of the Republic are not comprised in: these restrictions,
being employed in conformity with the rules laid down for
those of other nations. 2d. That the Brazilian and Para-
guayan ships of war will enjoy respectively in the above-
mentioned river harbours, the honours, franchises, and ex-
emptions that are in general customary. 3d. That the Pa-
raguayan ships of war will be able to enter all the naval
ports of the empire open to foreign trade, and enjoy there
all tho honours, franchises, and exemptions granted to
those of every other nation.
Art. 19. The simple and free transit through the waters
of the Paraguay and Parana, treated of in the Articles 2 and
18 of the present treaty, will be permanent ; all the other
stipulations shall be in force only fur 6 years, counting
from the day of the exchange of the ratifications ,on which
the treaty will have its full and entire effect.
Art. 20. The exchange of the ratifications of the present
treaty will be made in the City of Assumption, within 80
days, or less, if possible, from the day of its date.

No. 111.

CONVENTION BETWEEN BRAZIL AND PARAGUAY RESPECT-

ING LIMITS.-DATED APRIL 6, 1856.

Art. 1. His Majesty the Emperor and bis Excellency
the President of the republic of Paraguay, bind themselves
to appoint, when circumstances permit, within the term of
six years, counting from the date of the present convention,
their plenipotentiaries, in order to examine afresh and
finally adjust the line dividing the two countries.
Art. 2. It is understood that while the final agreement
treated of in the preceding article be not concluded, tho
two high contracting parties shall respect, and will cause to
via resilisieVthirpreienfutepotaridetisosidprdcally.

Art. 3. The exchange of the ratifications of this conven-
tion shall take place at the Assumption, within 80 days, or
less, from this date, if it be possible.

POLISII LEGION.

FAREWELL VISITS OF GENERAL COUNTS
Z A MOYSKI AND THE OFFICERS OF THE
POLISH DIVISION OF COSSACKS OF THE
SULTAN TO THE BRITISH AUTHORITIES
AT SCUTARI.
(From ae Polish. journal :‘ Wiadomosci Polskiel
SCUTARI, 12th August, 1356.
The day before yesterday I saw the officers of the
division assembled together for the last time. This was
the day appointed by General Zamoyski for paying fare.
well visits to the higher dignitaries among our allies.
Early in the morning, at half-past eight o'clock,
Generals Zamoyski and Breanski, and Lieut.-Colonels
Slubicki, Poninski, and Dobrowolski, with a number of
other officers of various regiments, assembled before the
quarters of General Storks, to whom, as the chief mili-
tary authority in the province, the first visit was due.
After we had entered, and received the salutations of
our gallant host, General Zamoyski addressed him in the
following terms :
" General,—ln coming before you to bid you farewell,
we also bring with us our thanks for the attention you
have given to the welfare of the Polish Division,
from its first formation by the British Govern-
ment to the last moment of its existence. At the
same time we also feel it our duty to thank you
for the indulgence you have shown us ; for we were
better prepared for the hardships of war than for the
melancholy and always difficult operation of disband-
ment, whose orderly performance is mainly due to your
care and activity. We latter ourselves, General, that
you will not refuse us your testimony that each of us, in
his own particular line, has done his duty."
General Sous made a gracious and appropriate an-
swer, expressing his sorrow that untoward circumstances
had debarred him from the honour of using the division
in the field ; and adding, "I do not doubt that you
would not only have fulfilled but far exceeded our expec-
tations."

From General Storks' quarters we proceeded to em-
bark on board a steamer offered to General Zamoyski for
tbak purpose by Admiral Lyons.
As we steamed along the Bosphorus we directed our
course sometimes to the European, sometimes to the
Asiatic shore, according to the position of those splendid
villas in which the chief dignitaries of the country and
the ambassadors usually pass the summer. We visited
on this day the English and French ambassadors, the
Grand Vizier, the Seraskier, the Minister for Foreign
Affairs, the Grand Master of the Ordnance (brother-in•
law to the Sultan), and Admiral Lyons, in his ship the
Royal Albert, lying at anchor at Bouyouk-deri.
It would be difficult to describe all our visits in detail,
and to catch with accuracy the fleeting traits which mark
the receptions of high politioal personages ; but the ap.
pearance of so large a number of Polish officers in places
where the inhabitants had hardly ever heard of Poland
—these national colours of a country blotted from the
list of nations now boldly glittering in the light, and
received in diplomatic circles, if not with hearty sympa-
thy, at least with sincere respect—made a great impres-
sion, and testified to the moral power of the name of our ,

country.
The British Ambassador, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe,
received us in his principal apartment, wearing the
Grand Cross of the Bath. When we had all taken our
places the General addressed him in these words :
"The corps of officers of the Polish Division consi-
ders it its duty, before separating, to bring before your
excellency its tribute of respect. We trust, my lord,
that you will be pleased to transmit to her Majesty
Queen Victoria, and to her government, the expression
of our sentiments. ' Above all, we hope that the British
nation and her allies will bear in mind the alacrity with
which we responded to their call. Whatever may be
the fate which Providence bas in store for our country,
so often tried, even her enemies cannot deprive us of the
glory of having formed part of the British army. We
thank your excellency for the favourable sentiments
which yon have for many years displayed for our cause.
We do not doubt that they will still remain unchanged,
for they ever force themselves upon a just and generous
heart."

Her Majesty's Ambassador then answered in a few
polite and laudatory words, after which tho General pre•
rented to him the higher officers of the division. We
were about to depart, when a message came hastily from
Lady Stratford de Redeliffe, asking us in her name to a
luncheon which had been prepared for us.
We found two large tables, sumptuously covered, in
a long gallery. Shortly afterwards our noble hostess
arrived. The General, after presenting to her a few of
the officers near him, thanked her for the sympathy
which, during the la-t 20 years, she had shown for
Poland and the Poles, and proposed her health in a
toast.

Our reception by Admiral Lyons was equally gra-
cious, and even more magnificent. As our steamer ap-
proached the Royal Alber t we perceived the Admiral
himself on the gangway of his ship, giving orders to
the boats which were to take us. Four of the boats,
with sailors in holiday attire, took up our whole
number. The Admiral, surrounded by a brilliant staff,
waited for ua oa the last step of the ladder which had
been lowered from the ship for our embrace. After
greeting the General with great cordiality, he led him
on deck, where the whole crew in arms, and a guard
of honour with a band, gave us the military honours.
We all entered the admiral's cabins, whose extent
and magnificence astonished us. Although there were
nearly eighty of us, besides the admiral's suite, we all
stood comfortably in one cabin. The adjutant then
requested us to sit down, and when we were all
seated, our gallant host rose, and, taking the General
by the band, thanked him for affording him an op-
portunity of making the acquaintance of Polish of
his regret that " a peace, which we
must not call unfortunate, and cannot call fortunate,"
has thrown the sword from our hands ; and ended by
advising us to hope for better things in the future, as
the hopes of our cause ever find a support in God,
the guardian of all justice. Admiral Lyons is ad.
vanced in years, but still healthy and active, Ile
begged of us, with a sailor's frankness, to pardon him
for not offering us any refreshment, as our visit had
taken him by surprise. We thanked him for his kind-
ness, and answered that it would have boon difficult
for us to avail ourselves of it, as it would have been
the third breakfast that we bad eaten in the course
of a few hours. He then offered to show us his
vessel. We divided ourselves into small bodies, to
each of whom an officer belonging to the ship served
as cicerone. What a magnificei:t vessel is the Royal
Albert ! It has three decks, 120 guns, and a crew of
1,000 men. It took us an hour and a half to go over
this stupendous edifice. The band continued to play,
and the Admiral was indefatigable in his efforts to
please us—at one time giving orders to show us some
curio,ity which had been hitherto concealed, at anothe►
conversing with the General, then addressing our offi
cers, one after another, with the most cordial famili-
arity. Scarcely bad our steamer moved to depart,
when the Royal Albert began to fire farewell salutes
At the same moment the Admital appeared with his offi-
eel's on the gangway, and bowed to us a cordial fare.

I well. As we had lao guns, we answered by cheers, which
we hope expressed. our sentiments, for they proceeded
from deep respect and obligation.
At length we landed, after a day's sailing, at Scutari,
and it was late in the evening when we reconducted
General Zamoyski to his quarters. There the General,
receiving with his wife our last visit in a body, addressed
us with much emotion. His words expressed nothing
that we had not heard from or seen done by him before.
Wonderful firmness of mind ; perfect inr'ifference to the
often-occurring obstacles, and, above all, to the ingrati-
tude and malice of "mmakind ; unbounded hope in the
cause of Poland ; intexible decision to serve his country
under any circumstances. Such sentiments, now as
ever, principally showed themselves in General Zanioy-
ski's words. The occasion on which they were uttered
invested them with a peculiar solemnity, and added to
them a certain extraordinary and penetrating power.
We bade him farewell with grateful feelings in our hearts,
and bitter tears in our eyes.