The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-03 00:00:00

Spirit of the Public Journals.

(Front the Morning Herald of this day.)
In reply to an inquiry made by Lord Malmes-
bury, on Tuesday night as to the period when it
was probable that the Foreign Minister might be
present in his place in Parliament to answer in
person to the heavy charges outstanding against
him in reference to the betrayal of Kars, it was
stated by Lord Lansdowne that he could not tell
when the Foreign Minister might be expected to
appear, "as though the treaty had been signed,
there were certain arrangements in connection with
that treaty which must necessarily be completed
before the noble earl could return to his duties
hero."

We believe that a fair translation of the noble
marquis's answer would simply amount to this—
that although the treaty has been signed, not one
single article of importance has as yet been defini-
tively arranged. In fact, that the much-vaunted
signature of the treaty of peace simply amounts to
a prolongation of the armistice in the interests of
Russia.

'We shall take the great items seriatim.

No human being can venture to assert that any-
thing has as yet been done with reference to the
Asiatic frontier. Kars is, then, to remain in the
hands of the Russians for an indefinite period, to
say the least of it, and we know- how Russia uses
her time.

With regard to Circassia, it is not even pre-
tended that any available guarantee has been
exacted from the Czar with regard to the future in-
dependence of that country, or its security from in-
vasion. On the other hand, the partisans of Russia
in the Western Cabinets have taken good care that
no attachment or respect should exist towards
England or France in the minds of the tribes,
whereby any obstacle of a moral or a physical na-
ture might be raised against the future machina-
tions of Russia.

Our own Correspondent from Anapa proved the
other day that the course adopted towards the
independent tribes—forte it observed they are not
subjects of the Porte—was one of practical alienation
from the West ; Sefer Bey was not supplied with
arms and ammunition ; he was left to do his best
With two old gun; and an offer made on his part
to support and provision 40,000 men as long as
they were employed either in the Caucasus or the

Crimea, was, if not peremptorily refused; at least
treated-with such contempt as never to arrive at
any practical conclusion.
Upon this we wish' to reniark, 'that such a
summerforce
transported during the from Anapa to
Kertch, and supported by a French or English
division, would, of necessity, have forced the
Russians to give up the, line of , the Mackenzie
heights ; a matter of some little 'importance before
and even after the Bth of September.
The delusion with regard to Nicolaieff—whereby
that great arsenal is to be transformed into a mere
dock for building merchantmen—hardly requires a
comment. No men know so well as Englishmen
how easily vessels may be built for apparently'
mercantile purposes, to be changed, as occasion
may render it necessary, into such war steamers as
the Vladimir, which, our .readers will remember,
navigated' the Back Sea in 1854 without making
any account' of the monstrous British fleet in those
Waters.

We come next to the proposed Bessarabian
frontier, and the transport dodge (there is no
other word so expressive of the fact) by which the
ultimate settlement of hat important point en-
tered for an indefinite period into the limbo of
open questions.
Surely no man in his senses can believe that the
two astute and wary diplomatists, Buol and the
Russian Plenieotentiary, could meet without
laughing in each other's faces at the recollection of
the now evanescent chain of mountains, which
they laid down with the stroke of a pen,, from
Chotyni to Lake Sasik.
It is not to be supposed,. although an Ent lish
Minister, might try to make us imagine that
Schamyl was much to blame for neglecting to send,
through an impassible country, from his moun-
tains on the Caspian, SGO miles from the shores of
the Black. Sea, for the arms and ammunition which
we said we were willing to furnish to him, although
we refused them to the Circassians, who could re-
ceive them because they werenn its coast—we say,
that though an English Minister might be so igno-
rant of geography as to make such a statement,
neither Austrian nor Russian diplomatists are so
dull as not to be perfectly aware that their so-called
range of mountains on the Bessarabian frontier—
raised for a special purpose—was nothing but a
swamp.
The object of this strange diplomatic change in
the physical geography of Bessarabia is now easily
fathomed. It was simply to allow Count Orloff to
rise at the Conferences and point out, that as the
supposed conditions were in direct antagonism to
facts, it would be necessary to hold over the ulti-
mate arrangement of the frontier until a joint com-
mission, with all its paraphernalia of maps, sur-
veys; protocols, and statements, should finally de-
cide what really were the circumstances of the
couiatry ; and thgt by these means:the question
might be kept in abeyance, "it may be for years,
and it-may be for ever ;" but at all events as long
as Russia wished it to remain undecided.
Mest.of these matters have been argued before,
but there remains a point referring more directly
to the interests of Western Europe, about which
ominous discussions and differences have already

arisen.
It will be remembered that by means of one of
those extraordinary leakaqes (which Lord Malmes-
bury has assured us, on rho authority of Sancho
Panza, sometimes occur at the top as well as at the
bottom of the cask) it is now generally known that
Count Cavour was most anxious to bring the state
of affairs in Italy, more especially its occupation
by foreign troops, under the notice of the Con-
ference : that Count Buol objected to the Sar-
dinian Minister speaking in the name of Italy, to
which it was retorted that the Piedmoutese Mi-
nister had as much right to speak in the name of
Italy as the Austrian Envoy to assume the position
of representative of Germany.
The discussion, however, ended, as has been re-
ported, by a statement on the part of Count Buol
" that the Conference could scarcely be expected to
enter upon a discussion with reference to the occu-
pation of Italy by foreigners, when it was itself on
the point of authorising and ordering the occupa-
tion of Turkey by the troops of the Western
Powers, perhaps of the Sardinians themselves:"
We have recalled the circumstances of this rather
remarkable breach in the unanimity of the assem-
bled diplomatists, in order to point out how little
their labours have as yet conduced to the secutity
of a permanent and durable peace.
Singularly enough the commentary upon this
transaction is furnished by the correspondent of the
Times at Turin, who of emirs* was ignorant, when
he wrote, of what had taken place at Paris. That
commentary is contained in a report on the state
of public feeling in Turin and Genoa at the present
moment,- with respect to the peace, wherein he re-
marks that the Sardinian nation was only induced
to take part in the Eastern war upon the implied
promise held out to their statesmen, on the faith of
both England and France, of some vast advantage
to be derived to the consolidation of Italian na-
tionality, with the aid of the great powers, on the
conclusion of the war.
Such being the case, it is now represented that,
on the return of Count Cavour to Turin, a baffled
Minister, and obliged to acknowledge that he has
not been able to realise those advantages by the
promise of which he had obtained the assent of his
,countrymen to a distant'and expensive expedition,
it will be impossible for him to carry out any longer
the system of policy under
,which Piedment has so
largely advanced within the last few years.
So far the correspondent of the Times.
Upon this we have 'merely to remark that the
cessation or failure of the Cavour policy is tanta-
mount to the rise of the revolutionary party, and
the throwing of the now prosperous kingdom of
Sardinia, in a great ineasur6, into the hands of
Mazzini,. which we need hardly remark is tanta-
mount to transferring Italy to Russia.
Thisis done by English statesmen.

(From the Morning Advertiser.)

A few weeks ago, a high financial authority in
Paris was reported to have made use of the remark-
able expression, that the peace which is about to
be concluded can only be considered as " an inter-
lude intended for the negotiation-ef loans." It is
not a little curious that this dictuin should have so
soon received a species of confirmation. Scarcely,
indeed, have the last echoes died-away of the guns
that announced the signature of peace, when we
already hear of the efforts Count Orloff is makine‘,
at' Paris to bring about " numerous and powerful
associations of French capitalists, with a view of
creating vast enterprises, destined to establish a
community of , interests .between Russia and
France !"
The enterprises alluded to, we are informed, will
Principally bear upon the construction of railways
and canals in Rimilaterritory. During the "late
war," the greatest iMpediment the Czar has had to
contend with, has evidently been the difficulty of
cornmnnie,ation between the many provinces of his
unwieldy empire. Through the want of railroads
the- troops marching from Poland and the Baltic
coast, and. everarom the farthest Siberian stations
on the Altai, to the rescue of the points menaced,
-!could 'only be brought to their destination by diffi-
cult,' harassing, and ruinous journeys. Had a
propeerailway communication existed from Central
Russia to the southern &minions but few,, we
fan* :o;f the Allied invilders would have escaped'
from the shores of the Tauric Chersouese, The