The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-21 00:00:00

N°.18)433.] LONDON, TUESDAY
, ••r-
-4- FA= eS• k bte: 9
OCTOBER 21, 1851,

NEW NOVEL.
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By MN. BUItUUItY.
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NEW WORK ON EGYPT ANI) NUBIA.
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11 A R
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Also just publ'shed,
EIGHT YEARS in SYRIA, PALESTINE,
and ASIA

From 1812 to 1850
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111.
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ZADKI.I-4; I.'S ALMANAC for 1852.
Twenty-second Year. Thirtieth Thousand !
Fate of France ! Fate of Ireland ! —The Magic Crystal again :
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THE SILENT FRIEND.
IN SIX LANGUAGES— FORTIETH EDITION.
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ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-
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SELF-PIRESERV ATI 0N; a
Medical Treatise en the Physiology of Marriage, and on
the Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth
usually acquired at n life, which
u early period of and Maturity,
the physical and mental powers, diminish and enfcable the dtstroy
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Observations on the certain Prevention and successful Treatment
i iof
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Mustrating the Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Re-
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and the various injuries that are produced in them by solitary
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BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D..
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edin-
burgh,Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society,
Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Member of the Hunterian
Medical Society of Edinburgh, Sec., Eve.
This work contains a plain and complete description of the me_
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Tr by post for forty-two stemthe author's residence, who
ps, from
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from Ten till Two, and from Six till Eight

v
ASSASSINATION AT ALFORD.—Yesterda-
her Ma-
jesty's Government offered a reward of 1001. for the dtsco;
very of the person who maliciously shot through the wimeo
of a cottage occupied by Joaeph Baker, et Guyton.se.
Marsh, near Alford, in the county of Lincoln, killing his wife'
and inflicting such serious injuries on Baker, that he is not
expected to recover. In addition to the reward, Sir G. Grey
will advise the grant of her l‘laj,.,,sty's pardon to any new"
plice (not being the person who actually fired the shot), In°
will give such information as shall lead to the apprehension
and conviction of the guilty parties.
THE LARGEST VESSEL AFLOAT.—Spaulding, the
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floating palace, for theatrical, circus, and menagerie per-
formances. It is to be 400 feet long, with 60 feet beam, and
is to accommodate 4,000 spectators. It is to be towed by
two steam-tenders to the various towns upon the Mississippi
and its tributaries in summer, and be moored at the Levee
in New Orleans in the winter. It is estimated to cost
40,000 dolls., and will be completed next spring.
—Montt cal
Courier.

LYNCII LAW IN CALIFORNIA.

(From the San Francisco Herald of August 20.)
A high degree of excitement has been raised in the
city this morning by the report that the authorities
had made an entrance into the rooms of the Vigilance
Committee before daylight, and rescued from its hands
Whittaker and M'Kenzie, two of the most notorious
scoundrels that have yet been apprehended by that
efficient body.
The rescue took place under such singular circum-
stances as to raise a doubt in the minds of a large
majority as to whether there was not collusion in the
matter between the authorities and certain members
of the committee.
The committee had scarcely adjourned last night
when the report spread through the city that a reso-
lution had been adopted to execute the two men above
named this morning. The matter was thoroughly
c mvassed in knots at the Union Hotel and other pub-
lic place?.
The cirJurnstances known by common report are
as follows :
At three o'clock this morning, Governor KDougal
and Mr. Brenham, mayor,sl awoke the sheriff at his
residence, and presented him with a writ, issued by
Mr. Justice Norton, of the Superior Court, com-
manding him to take the bodies of Whittaker and
M'Kenzie' and bring them into court to be dealt
with according to law. Colonel Hays and some of
his deputies immediately repaired to the rooms of the
committee, having declined a posse of police which
was offered to accompany them. The police, how-
ever, folloWed with some stragglers who wished to see
the result. The sheriff and 11r. Caperton walked up-
stairs and,_entertci the room, no resistance being
offered. Mr. Caperton advanced to the room in which
the prisoners were confined, and announced himself
to be the deputy-sberiff, and called on the two men,
Whittaker and M'Kenzie, to accompany him, Col.
Hays meantime guarding the door. When the party
were about to leave, Mr. Van Bokkelen laid his hand
on the sheriff's shoulder and attempted to push him
from the door, but Colonel Hays told him he was
there to do his duty, and he was obligod to do it, and
the party were permitted to leave. Two of the mem.
hers of the committee, suspecting treachery, had at
the same time let themselves down from the windows,
and at once gave the alarm by ringing the bell of the
California engine-house.
This was a little before the break of day, and im-
mediately the members came pouring in from all di-
rections. Hearing what had taken place, several left
in disgust. Amid intense excitement the meeting
organized, and the circumstances were detailed. The
person who had charge of the room was bitterly de-
nounced ; various propositions were made, each more
violent than the other ; but they adjourned till eight
o'clock without taking any action. The bell tolled at
half-past 7, and at 8 a large number was in attend-
ance, with an excited crowd of citizens outside.
At about half-past 7 A.M. some one, of course un-
authorised by the committee, announced to the crowd
assembled around the rooms in Battery-street that an
immediate attack was about to be made upon the

gaol, and the prisoners taken forcibly from the cus-
tody of the authorities. This produced an instant
scattering of the assemblage, and a rush for the scene
of the anticipated battle.
(From the Alta California, Aug. 25.)
Yesterday afternoon, about half-past 2 o'clock, the
bell of the Monumental Engine Company commenced
tolling in a very rapid manner, and a cry of "Fire"
was raised, which, however, was corrected in a few
minutes by the statement that the prisoners Whit-
taker and M'Kenzie had been taken out of the county
gaol by some members of the Vigilance Committee.
The manner of the rescue was as follows :—About a
quarter-past 2 o'clock the prisoners, as bas been the
custom for several Sundays past, were taken out of
their cells for the purpose of listening to Divine ser-
vice, which was performed by the ltev. A. Williams.
Soon after they were called out the attention of Cap-
tain Lambert, the keeper of the gaol, was called to
the gate by the sentry, who was on the roof, and in a
moment the doors were burst open, a rush made, and
Captain Lambert thrown upon the ground and held ;
the prisoners, Whittaker and M'Kenzie were at the
same moment seized and carried out. Two or three
pistols-shots were fired, hut were fired in the air, and
it is said merely as signals.
A carriage was outside, in which the prisoners
were placed ; it was driven, we understand, by one of
the keepers of a livery-stable, and a pair of fine,
dashing grey horses, sprt.ng at the word in the direc-
tion of Dupont-street. At this juncture the bell of
the Monumental was rung in quick, sharp strokes.
The consternation in the streets can better be im-
agined than described. People ran in all directions,
but the crowd seemed hurrying towards the county
gaol. The excitement and uproar were terrific. As
the multitude surged, now this way now that, and
finally drifted towards the gaol, a carriage might
have been seen dashing fiercely down Dupont-street.
In it were the capturing party and the pri-
soners. Pistols were held at the heads of the
victims during the time they were in the carriage,
and, before the crowd were aware what had hap-
pened, Whittaker and M'Kenzie were safe in the
rooms of the committee. Thirty-six members were
engaged in the rescue of these men, and it is said that
they have for several days been watching an opportu-
nity to recapture them. Most of the party was com-
posed of the room-guards on duty at the time the
prisoners were taken from the committee. It is said
that Captain Lambert called on his men to fire, and
that pistols were presented with deadly aim on both
sides. The prisoners were taken just as the sermon
in the prison had been concluded, and resisted to the
utmost the strong arm of the capturers.
From every ward in the city, and from the most
remote suberban parts within the sound of the Vigi-
lance bell, people came flocking, breathless and ex-
cited, to the scene of execution. The streets pre-
sented a scene of furious, mad disorder. Living
masses surged down the byways, through the tho-
roughfares, and over the planked roads, until the
tramp and roar of the multitude sounded like the
beating of the waves upon the shore. Every mo-
ment the crowd grew more intense, and the pulse of
the •excited populace beat higher. Montgomery-
street poured its tide of human masses into California-
street, and California-street emptied its living con-
tents, like a mighty river, upon the spot where the pri-
soners had been taken by their captors. Here are the
Vigilance Committee Chambers—two large framed
houses, ranged side by side, of two-story construction
their " gable ends" fronting Battery-street, in the
block between California and Pine-streets. The lower
floors of these buildings are occupied as stores ; the
upper apartments are the Vigilance Chambers, and
have each heavy double doors opening upon Battery-
street, above which project timbers and pulleys, such
as are used in store-lotts for the purpose of hoisting

goods from the ground.
The afternoon was very windy, and the dust of the
streets filled the air. While the multitude were
ppa
nla
acessos iur)tgearnßydaatpnt
oedsr
theproceedings,
ntrseefot,r aonvderlsoeockuirnigng all the elevated
from the rooms of the committee far into the air,
it
rent the air, and was borne up
until ten thousand throats seemed to join in the gene-
ral cheer and shout of congratulation. The committee
had assembled, and were preparing to execute justice
upon the criminals. A carriage dashed round the
corner and up California-street. It was greeted with
cheer after cheer. The driver stood up on his
box, waved his hat, and huzzaed in reply.
This was the carriage in which the prisoners had
been carried off from the county gaol, and which
was now returning from the committee•rooms. It
was drawn by white horses, whose sides were reek-
ing with foam and perspiration. The crowd parted
right and left as it passed, but, closing up, thronged
the streets, an d packed every square foot of ground
within sight of the Vigilance Chambers. The house-
tops, the windows, piles of lumber and of goods, and
all other accessible points of elevation that afforded
footing, or a place to climb up and hold on, were
seized and occupied. Heads were thrust forth from
the windows all along the line of the street in which
the crowd was gathered. Women were crushed be-
tween the restless, swaying bodies of the more rugged
species of animaClife. A confused busy hum of low
voices pervaded the air, and might have been heard
blocks
vdiisgtailnatn.ce Committee Still the crowd
arriving o
owdincreasnedte
.hMgermoubnedr:
ofthe
after jostling through the dense mass of human
beings, found the passage to the chambers com-
pletely blocked up and closed, the doors being fas-
tened inside so as to resist the pressure from without.
In the southern chamber a rope had been " reeved"
through the block attached to the beam above the
left door, and several members, appearing at the fall,
lowered the rope to their comrades below, and swung
Om up from the groued, thus giving them access to
the committee.

Twelve minutes had elapsed since the alarm was
sounded on the fire-bell, when the door of the northern
chamber opened, and a few members appeared with-
out their coats, and addressing a few words to the
heaving, surging masses below. The din of human
voices that arose completely drowned the speaker's
words. It was understood that the capture of the
prisoners was announced. Cries of "Hang them up I"
"row, and here !" ensued ; and the tumult and noise
each moinont grew greater. A member of the com-
mittee waved his hand, significant of assent to
proposition, and, in a momentary lull, we could catch

the remark, hurriedly and energetically made, "We
have them—never fear—it is all right !" and a
thundering shout of wild congratulation announced
that the people below were as, fully
bent upon wit-
nessing justice done as their xepresef tatives in the
chambers above. A few of theisonirnitfee then dashed
out the glass above the door of the southern chamber,
and one of their number metanted into the opening,
holding 0110 end of
a rope.- Dexterously clioging to
the clapboards on the outside he managed to pass the
rope through the block, and "returned with the two
ends to the floor. Both 'doors of the committee-
rooms were then closed, the fatin
side.
Is rapes
L was now within fifteen minutes of three p.m.,
seventeen minutes only having been spent in rescuing
the prisoners from the gaol, conveying them to the
rooms, and completing the preliminaries of their
execution. The great, dense, agitated crowd that
covered the roofs, and clung by dozens to the tides of
all the adjoining houses and packed the streets,
darkened the walls, and filled the rigging and beats
along the docks, presented an awful and imposing
spectacle of excited, impatient, and resolute mankind.
Ten thousand faces were upturned, and every eye was
fixed upon the doors of the committee-chambers. The
vast concourse was stilled almost to the hush of death ;
but this was only for a few seconds. Two minute's
only had passed after the ropes were drawn in, and
already the crowd showed symptoms of impatience.
'The first murmur had scarcely arisen, however, when
the doors of both chambers were simultaneously
jerked open, presenting to view each of the pri-
soners, half-surrounded at each door by mem-
bers of the committee. Asterific shout rent
Ile air. The multitude-6 ft, and- frn;, above.all,
'amid all, calmly but sternly stood the band of the
Brothers of Vigilance, and in their hands the fainting,
drooping, gasping criminals, their arms pinioned and
their feet secured. The rope was about their necks,
their coats having been removed, and they stood aghast
and trembling in the brief second of lifetime allowed
them to confront the stormy sea of human beings
spread out far below them. Another second of time,
and they were tossed far out into space and drawn
like lightning up to the beam's end. Both were exe-
cuted at one and the same instant, the signal being
given throughout the chambers,and the members
rushing back with the rope until le culprits each had
been dragged to the block, and hung almost motion-
less by the neck. Then a few convulsive throbs, and
the names of M'Kenzie and Whittaker were but empty
words—their tabernacles of flesh cold in " obstruction's
apathy."
While they were hanging, the crowd below vented
in whisper, and some of the more thoughtless in
shouts, their approval. One or two of the committee
very indecorously appeared at the threshold from
which the poor wretches bad the instant before passed
into eternity, and seemed to recognise acquaintances
among the populace, exhibiting very little reverence
for the sacredness and solemnity of death, to say the
least. M'Kenzie was attired in gray pants and a
coarse shirt, and was hung from the beam in front of
the northern room of the committee. While being
dragged to the fatal spot from the further end of the
room he manifested an overwhelming fright and
terror. His face was pallid, his eyes upturned, his
hair seemed to stand out from the scalp, and every
fibre of his flesh quivered and seemed to clutch ex-
istence. Whittaker was more apathetic and un-
moved. He was cleanly dressed, and much the best
looking man of the two. M'Kenzie exhibited a
countenance, when brought up to the door, that
few who looked upon it will ever forget. The spec-
tators turned away from the bodies while swinging
in the air, and the great crowd began to disperse,
slowly, silently, solemnly. Numbers of men were
continually arriving on the ground as the earliest
comers took their departure. Over 15,000 people
probably visited the place of execution during the
afternoon.

The bodies, after hanging 40 minutes, were taken
down, and it being found that life still remained in
the body of Whittaker, it was again suspended from
the beam. Twenty minutes thereafter it was again
cut down, and then, we understand, the coroner was
admitted to hold his inquest. But two or three wit-
nesses were examined at the inquest. The physicians
present decided that the necks were not broken, and
the jury returned the following verdict :
" In according with the testimony, the jury, after
deliberate consideration, have come to the conclusion,
and accordingly render their verdict, that Samuel
Whittaker and Robert Ill'Kenzie came to their deaths
by being hanged by the neck, thereby producing
strangulation, by the act of a body of citizens styling
themselves the Vigilance Committee of San Fran-
cisco, on the afternoon of Sunday, August 24, at
about three o'clock, in front of the Vigilance Com-
mittee-room, on Battery street, near California-
street, from the second story thereof. (Signed)—
THEODORE PAYNE, JAMES HAGAN, J. SLOCUM, JOHN
C. IVRISWOLD, W. M. MOORE, JAMES H. WINGATE.
—E. GALLAGHER, Coroner."
LYNCHING IN SACRAMENTO.
In Sacramento city, alsoplace, growing out of the,
a similar excitement took
reprieve, by Governor
M'Dougal, of Robinson, one of the highway robbers
condemned with two others to be executed. The
people took charge of the prisoner, and, after the
officers of the law hid fulfilled their duties upon the
two others, proceeded to execute him. Governor
M'Dougal was burnt in efligy,
resolu-
tions, requested to resign.
The Sacramento Union, of August 23, gives the
following particulars :
and, in public
By daylight yesterday morning, teams, horsemen,
and pedestrians were seen pouring into the city from
every direction, and at an early hour the city was
crowded with miners and strangers from the country,
who had come in to witness the execution of the three
culprits, Thcmpson, Gibson, and Robinson. Soon
after 9 o'clock a rumour ran through the city that a
respite of Robinson's sentence had been received from
the Governor, and that the day of his execution was
to be postponed until the 19th day of September.
Almost immediately a meeting of citizens was or-
ganized at the Orleans Had, of which Dr. Spalding
was chairman and Dr. Bryerly secretary. Mayor
Hardenbergh appeared, and requested to know
if be was to be exonerated from all blame
and freed from all responsibility on leaving
the prisoners in the hands of the sheriff. Judge
Sackett moved that a committee be appointed by the
chair to report resolutions expressive of the sense of
the meeting. The following gentlemen composed the
committee :—Messrs. Sackett, Milne, Stiles, Scran-
ton, Fay, and Winans. The committee reported as
follows:—" That the mayor is not required by law,
and would not be justified in relieving the sheriff of
any responsibility attaching to that officer." Re-
solved,—"That the city authorities are hereby re-
commended to place all the prisoners under sentence
in the hands of the proper officer."

---
As the hour for the execution drew nigh, the crowd
around the station-house became immense, and there
was evidently a fixed determination in the minds of
the populace that the prisoner Robinson should suffer
tf.e same penalty as the other two culprits, and that,
too, in spite of the governor's proclamation. Sheriff
Bin M'Cullough then mounted a cart and commenced
reading the document forwarded by the Hon. John
M'Dougal, the crowd continually crying out, " Hang
the rascal !" " He's the worst of the lot !" " String
him up !" " Lynch him !" &c." The Stark Guards
at this time marched down K-street to Second street,
wheeled about, and formed a square in front of the
station-house. The Sheriff, after reading the
reprieve, ordered the two prisoners Gibson
and Thompson to be taken to the place
of execution, and likewise commanded the
" Guards" to convey the prisoner Robinson to
the prison brig. The two former were then placed in
a waggon, with their arms secu. rely pinioned, and
driven rapidly off in company with the officers to the
scaffold. The crowd rushed after, and in a few mo-
ments scarcely a hundred persons were about the sta-
tion-house. The " Guards" then brought out Re.
binson, and attempted to convey him to the prison
psbtlrrai
street,
tcib
hu toit n
iwdienr ac deliver compelled,artt,hel
prisoner to the ' people, who
and thus surrounded by the
" Guards " they were escorted to a grove near the
place where the scaffold was erected. Very few of
that immense assemblage
i knew that Robinson was, at
that early hour, already n the hands of the people. A
committee, consisting of the following gentlemen, was
after the
Beard,
authorities had per-
card, Scranton, Milne,
f
srsad
appointed, and who were to take charge of the execu-
tuiornmoedf Rthoebiirndsounty :f,
—teair
G. Wheeler, Miller, Bayley, oanste, Rightmire, N.
Smith, Bond, Barrell, WGilv.ey, Stiles, C. H. Smith,
Joseph Grant, S. Bruce, Bisco, Stiles, C.
Curtis,
Fowler, Norton, and Conrad.
While these proceedings were going on at the grove
the anal preperations for the execution of the unfor-
tunate men Gib-on and Thompson were progressing
under the management of the eheriff, at the scaffold,
which was built at the corner of 0 and Fourth streets.
The Catholic clergyman and officers, together with
the prisoners, alone occupied the scaffold. The grave
clothes of the prisoners were then put on, and Thomp-
son, whose real name is 31'nermot, came forward and
made a brief confession, which elicited no information
of any great interest. He stated that he was an
Englishman by birth; that he sailed from Manches-
ter, and had committed many robberies, but was
never guilty of murder. He was particularly severe
while ;speaking of Robinson, but would not inform

of any of his accomplices. He said he would rather
be hung fifty times and torn into quarters than reveal
anything concerning his confederates. He said be
never touched any of the money belonging to Wilson,
and that Robinson took it all. Hamilton, alias Gib-
son, said he was an Irishman, born in Londonderry,
and was transported for robbery twelve years ago,
previous to which be had been a hard-working man.
He also said that he had got his living by robbing,
and that he had bee❑ connected with many of the ,
crimes that had been committed in San Francisco.
Gibson made no confession which implicated indi-
viduals. After this prisoner had concluded
Thompson received extreme unction at the hands of
the Catholic clergyman, and begged of the crowd
to pray for his soul. The prisoner Gibson was an
Episcopalian. The cord was then adjusted upon
their neck, and at 20 minutes to three o'clock the
Sheriff cut the rope that held the drop, and both
prisoners were launched into eternity without a
struggle or a groan. The prisoners bore themselves
with the greatest fortitude throughout the whole of
the tragical scene, and not the slightest agitation was
perceptible.
At the moment the cord was cut a cry was heard
" Now for Robinson." The shout went up from
the dense throng—" Hang the scoundrel !" " Bring
him here !" " Let him hang too !" The scene which
followed was the most terrific we ever witnessed.
The thronging crowds rushed for the station-house in
the greatest excitement, and on all sides was heard
the same thrilling cry, " Hang the rascal !" A gen-
tleman came forward upon the platform, and an-
nounced that Robinson was upon the ground, and as
soon as the bodies of Gibson and Thompson were
cut down would be brought forward to meet his
doom. Colonel Grant also addressed the crowd, and
stated that the prisoner deserved richly to die, and
that he was happy to see that the public coincided
with him.
In the meantime the sheriff, having performed his
duty efficiently and faithfully, retired from the scene,
as did also the officers with whom he was connected.
Too much praise cannot be awarded this officer for the
manner in which he has conducted himself in the
responsible position in which he has been placed. He
summoned early in the morning hundreds of citizens
to assist him,. but, as might be expected, scarcely a ,
man could be.found who would volunteer his services.
He therefore ordered the Stark Guards to conduct
the prisoner to the prison brig, and, having performed
his duty with" reference to the other prisoners he could
do no more.

The mufllid drum of the Guards announced that
the culprit Robinson was approaching. The crowd
gave way, the committee with their prisoner slowly
and solemnly ascended the scaffold, and the Guards
formed a hollow square around it below.
Robinson appeared perfectly cool and collected,
and, on being requested to address the crowd, came
forward, and in a clear voice made another confession.
He evidently appeared desirous of creating a sensation,
and accordingly commenced by alleging the grossest
and most unfounded charges against men who stand
high in this community, implicating them in transac-
tions of which there is not the slightest probability
that they were privy to or knew anything of. At all
events, we no not feel ourselves justified on such evi-
dence as this in proclaiming to the world that officers
who have heretofore been deemed perfectly upright
and honourable are no better than felons.
After many discontented and incoherent remarks,
in which he attempted to throw the blame of many of
his own acts on others, he concluded by exhorting the
young men present to beware of the company they
keep, and also of the intoxicating cup, which had
caused the ruin of so many.
The Rev. Mr. Benton offered up an exceedingly
fervent and appropriate prayer on behalf of the pri-
soner, and Robinson himself knelt down and invoked
Heaven to have mercy on his soul, and to support his
mother and sisters under the painful affliction which
his dishonourable end would inflict upon them. He
then rose, and with the utmost self-possession and
firmness adjusted his clothes, bared his neck, and
prepared to meet his fate. The fatal noose was ad-

jusied, the president severed the rope, and the crimi
nal dropped below the scaffold. The prisoner being
a very powerful and muscular man, the fall did not
kill him instantly, as in the case of the others, but
his frame was convulsed and his limbs moved for
some moments after. He breathed for five moments,
and then the body, after hanging for twenty minutes,
was delivered to the undertaker, and decently inter-
red with those of the other prisoners in the City
Cemetery.

Robinson was born in the city of New York in
the year 1819, on East Broadway, and lived in New
York from that time until he was 11 years old.
It was the most exciting day we have ever passed in
the city of Sacramento. The unprecedented and pe-
culiar circumstances connected with the execution of

he culprits, added to the high-wrought curiosity of

:he thousands assembled to witness thodemonstrations

of the legal authorities on the one hand, and the

greater and more potent authority of the people on
the other, was enough in itself to excite the mind to

its utmost tension. —Business was entirely suspended,
the streets were deserted, the city was at the scaffold.
Every house, shed, or elevation from which a view of

the scaffold 'could be obtained was crowded -with
human beings ; and there must have been 7,000 or
8,000 persons on the ground.

TBE NEW OMNIBUS ASSOCIATION, AND

CURIOUS 01111V1BUS STATISTICS.
A large meeting of what are called the "single-
handed" omnibus proprietors (individuals working
their own carriages and unconnected with the great
companies), took place yesterday evening, at the
Duke of Wellington, Bathurst-street, Argyle-square,
for the purpose of consulting upon the best means of
finding employment for their vehicles now rendered
hors de combat by the closing of the Exhibition ; also
tl consider the proposals submitted at a preliminary
meeting last Monday by Mr. Crawford, the originator
of the Hungerford and Camden Town lines, for
choosing new routes, and working them by combina-
tion at reduced fares ; M. O'Brien in the chair.
The CHAIRMAN opened the proceedings by pointing
out that they had a capital already in their hands in
their unoccupied " busses," while no power of mono-
poly could withstand their combined force, working
with the public support for the public accommodation.
After a very practical speech from Mr. CRAWFORD,
the following resolution was unanimously agreed
to :—" Taat in the opinion of this meeting it was de-
sirable that an association should be formed for the
purpose of working omnibuses on different lines of
road by new routes at reduced fares, for the farther
accommodation of the public."
Several proprietors proffered at once their assist-
ance with their omnibuses and stock. It appeared
there are in various parts of London from two to three
hundred omnibuses now laid up in ordinary, each of
which employed from eight to ten horses daily, and
three men, all of whom are paid good wages—the
driver paid from 21. 2s. to U. 55., and the conductor
it. Bs. By the plan of the association any proprietor
can put an omnibus on the new route until twenty
are running, when another route is chosen and filled
up. The first line to be opened is from Bayswater
to Tottenham-court-road, at 2d.; thence to the
Bank, at 2d. The second line, from the Great
Western Railway to the Great Northern Railway,
for 31. ; and from the Yorkshire Sting° to the King's-
cross, for 2d.
Mr. Cox, who stated himself to be unconnected
with omnibuses, exeept as a passenger, made a very
useful suggestion—namely, that day tickets should
be issued, at 6d. per day, to be taken half-yearly or
quarterly, whereby passengers could travel anywhere
on the various lines for the day at that one fare.
The association may now be considered as fairly
started, and the following rules have been agreed upon
for its internal regulation :
"That all the omnibuses be painted one uniform
colour, each omnibus to have the name of " Craw-
ford's Association" painted in large letters on the side
panels. That the coachmen and conductors wear a
coat as nearly of one colour as possible, which will
be furnished them by the Association for the sum of
1/. 103. That all money be paid into the office of the
Association every evening.'
Mr. CRAWFORD then entered into a statement of the
expenses and profits of each omnibus per day, week,
month, and year, together with the per tentage per
annum. The expense of one omnibus per day is, it
appeared, 21. 03. 9d., and the receipts 31., calculating
that each omnibus, with its ten horses, will travel sixty
miles daily, and is licen'ed to carry twenty-four pas-
sengers, and to obtain one-half, or twelve passengers,
at 2d. each per journey. The profit of half full is
thus 193. 34. a diy ; st two-thirds full, 1/. 193. 31.
4t three fourths full, 2/. 93. 33.; and full, 3/. 193
giving to the first on the working of 100 owojims;s‘
a profit of 30,035/. per annum; on the second,
66,4351.; ou the third, 84,635/. ; and on the fourth,
139,236/.

DISCOVERY OF TILE DEAD BODY OF A. CHILD.—
On Saturday an inquest was held before Mr. \Valiley, at the
Angel Tavern, Iligh-street, St. Giles's, on the body of a
newly-born female child. From the evidence it appeared that
a Mr. and Mrs. Sullivan 'sere passing through the passage of
their house, No. 12, Parner's-street, St. Giles's, between
twelve and one o'clock in the morning, when Mr. Sullivan
stumbled over something, and on procuring a light discovered
it to be the dead body of a child. The jury returned a v
diet of " Found dead, but from what cause there Was not
etlllicienC evidence to

at
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WALTHAM AGRICULTURAL
nay, OCT. 18.—The annual meet-
on-the-Wolth Leicestershire. The show of stock
was small bat good, and ploughing was excellent, but
former occasions. The dinner was held in the Agri-
cultural ; the Marquis of Granby, M.P., prtsid•
ing.. The. attendance of tenant-farmers was small,
owing, it is believed, to some misunderstanding be-
tween them and the Duke of Rutland respecting rent,
which, under the recent revaluation of his Grace's
estates, have fur the most part been increased.
After the wual loyal and patriotic toasts had been
given,
The Marquis of GRANDY, M.P., proposed " Pros-
perity and success to the Waltham Agricultural
Society," as the principal toast of the evening. One
of the chief objects of a society like that was nut
merely to hear clever and practical speeches in that
hall, but to call together men living in different
parts of the country, and practically acquainted with
the pursuits of agriculture, in order that they might
talk over their affairs. In the words of the late
lamented Sir Robert Peel—for, however, much
he might have differed with this lamented
statesman in politics, he hoped he had never
said anything against his character, or that could
in any way diminish the friendship f
he ever enter-
tained
therei, g: Tat
this
for him—" One of the objects of these socie-
ties is to bring men together, that they may rub
their minds one against the other—(Hear,
that they may perceive the difference in the various
modes of farming, and learn any improvements that
their neighbours have discovered.-1 The late abundant
harvest had been alluded to by one or two speakers,
and that was a circumstance at which all must feel
deeply grateful, inasmuch as it conferred blessings not
only upon the producer of food, but also upon the
consumer; but unfortunately, this blessing was marred
to a great extent by the folly of our legislation. That
which, while causing the abundance of food, should
at the same time have conferred a blessing upon the
producer, from the very large importations of foreign
corn had unfortunately very much gone down in price
—the averuge of the last week being, he believed, 375.
7d. per quarter. It was not necessary for him to re-
peat what his political opinions were—they were un-
changed.—(Applause.) He had nothing to regret in
what he had previously said—nothing to unsay--but
stood word by word to everything he had,uttered, both
in that hall and elsewhere. He wished he was in a
position to retract some portion of his previous speeches
—he wished he could see that dawning of prosperity
which some men affected to have discovered; he vi ished
he could say that be thought the landed interests of
this country—the landlords, farmers, and labourers
—were likely to see their condition improve.-

„Hear, hear.) He had expressed his belief that a,
would feel the pressure of the present prices, and he
still entertained the same opinion. Alas ! hour by
hour, day by day, and year by year, these prophecies
were being too accurately fulfilled. If he were asked
what remedy he proposed his answer would be the
remedy he had already advocated.—(Hear, hear, and
cheers.) Ile could see no other. After having paid
every attention to the various remedies that had been
announced, he owned that he saw none that he
thought possible, except a return to moderate import
duties, which alone would enable the agricultural in-
terest to prosper in this country.—(Hear, hear, and
cheers.) But they were told that Protection was
dead. They were told so last year; and they were
told it so often last year that they (the Protectionists)
really began to believe there must be something in it.
They thought that the cause had been given up, and
had ordered their mourning for the occasion. Mr.
Wakley had invited himself to attend as coroner upon
the inquest ; but, lo and behold! the body that was
defunct was the Free-trade Ministry, and Mr. Wak.
ley sat upon the coroner's inquest.—(Laughter.)
Then it was said that the Duke of Wellington came,
and, somehow or other, resuscitated this Free-trade
Ministry, not to perfect life, but to vegetate ; and
there they were, vegetating at that moment.—(Re-
newed laughter.) The Spectator a violent free-trade
organ, which had much amused him, last week said—
” In home politics the news of the week turns upon
a subject that is not only old but done with."
Then why did the Spectator, a go-a-head jour-
nal, trouble its head about it ? " One that all parties
desire to forget." Then why did the Spectator forget
it ? And yet, by the perverseness of rate, it will in-
sist upon being remembered, discussed, nay, hoped
for, as if it really were something promised in the
future, and not an exploded mistake ( f the past.
"Journalists detest the subject"—free-trade journal-
ists had cause to detest the subject—" hate the very
word, and yet we find ourselves, against our feelings,
still tracing and retracing the detested letters—pro-
tection—(Laughter.) The subject is hateful to us on
every account,"—he believed that. "We know that
the public is sick of it." Did they? "We know
that the sight of the word is enough to make the
reader turn from our pages"—fools they must be then
—" with dislike, perhaps with contempt, for our in-
ability to shake off the habit. But here we are, still
writing it—Protection. It is the bottle imp of poli-
ticians." Poor Spectator, it must be hard for it to be
in the unfortunate predicament of being for ever
obliged to write the word they hate. There were
one or two other circumstances which still made him
think that Protection was not quite given up. Lord
Palmerston, visiting Tiverton the other day, was not
quite so insignificant to his (the Noble Chairman's)
mind as it might be to others. What drew him to
Tiverton ? Who ever heard of his visiting Tiverton
before ? There must have been some reason for his
going there ; and something to do with the politics of
Tiverton. Lord Palmerston seemed to have felt that
there was some change in the views of the inhabitants of
Tiverton as to their Members; not an improbable
conjecture, when it was remembered what happened
at Boston, at Knaresborough, and at Scarborough.—
(Applluse.) The electors of these boroughs had be-
gun to find out that they had some interest in this
question of Protection. It was all very well to call
it a landlord's, farmer's, and labourer's question, but
it was also a town's question ; therefore he suspected
that there had been some little movesnent in Tiverton
that made Lord Palmerston feel not quite comfortable
in his seat. Consequently he went down and made,
as he always did and always would make, an able and
clever speech. But perhaps the chief excellence of
the speech was that he took care to commit himself to
nothing. He certainly, however, made one very im-
portant assertion, upon which he (the Noble Marquis)
would snake a few remarks. Lord Palmerston said,
" I don't think you will have any chance of getting
an import duty levied upon corn until you see the
river Exe running from the sea to the town of Tiver-
ton, instead of from Tiverton to the ocean." Now
Lord Palmerston knew very well, though he (the
Marquis of Granby) might not, what was the course
of the river Exe, or bow its waters ran ; but although
it might be that there was no back- water in the rivers
of that part of the country, Lord Palmerston knew
very well that, in the stream of public opinion, there
was often a back water that might be very dis-
agreeable.—(Loud laughter.) He suspected that the
Exe prophet would not have appeared at Tiverton
had he not been somewhat afraid of being
ex-member for that town.—(Continued laughter.)
He might be wrong, but he had a strong suspicion
that these were the facts of the case. This again
showed him that Protection was not so dead a thing
as some people would wish to make it appear. But
there was also another fact, and that was that they
were threatened with a new Reform Bill, because,
as they were told, the present Ministry were afraid
that at the next general election the county and
borough constituencies might return a Protectionist
Parliament. It was very extraordinary, if protection
were dead, that these fears should exist. He did not
know what this Reform Bill was to be like, and
was therefore desirous of not pledging himself to a
measure of which he knew nothing, but he should not
be at all surprised if the Tory and Protectionist party
were not favourable to an extension of the franchise.
—(Hear, hear.) This however he would say, that if
the extension of the suffrage were not to be a bond
fide one, but a measure for private purposes—if it
were to be an extension to promote the interests of a
particular class only, and to put down the largest
interest in the country—he thought it would be the
duty of all well-meaning Englishmen to oppose it to
the uttermost; and that such might be the case--be
did not say that it would be, but he did not know
—but that such might be the case be thought
there was a great probability.—(Loud cad
beers
)
An extension of the franchise ! lI
at-
resdy alluded to the boroughs that had
dyttihee had
turning
sudacity
to go along with the counties in re
one
moment
Protec-
tionist members, and he would forn stated that Mr.
re-
turn to that point. It
,bed b
Young was returned for Scarborough by ship.
owners ; but it was not perhaps
generally known that
the show of hands was u
n his favour at the nomina-
Lion ; and there was every probability
had been universal suffrage Mr.
that if there
Alr. Young would have
been returned by an equally large majority. He
therefore strongly suspected that this reform that
was really to kill protection, was to be a one-sided,
bastard measure, and not a true extension of the fran-
chise in England.—(Hear, hear.) For all these rea-
sons he doubted whether their friend was really dead.
—(Applause.) But Mr. Disraeli had been announced