The Sun.
London, England, 1851-02-14 00:00:00

iED
ri)
tbe

Points.-
in which I
(Hear.) I trust also that in the manner .
rshall argue this question I may omit what he has so entirely
kelioided, using one word which mty be disagreeable to th
nge of any gentleman who differs from me. The Hon
einher who made the motion expressed a hope that there
would be no outcry about rent upon. this occasion. Now,
from me the
uch attack
U Hon. Member can anticipate no s
el rent; for upon rent depends all that the person who
if Ix.: addresse.s the House has in the world.-(Hear, hear.)
~. nts are increased no one will be a greater gainer than I
theresll
(Hear no
e ill:I:ar such
Tahn 'increase ; and, if they. materially. fall,
is no one on whom a greater injury will be inflict.ed.-
there would been'noagaalt.
""Ped '
Leff ntrlckthseu Hon. Member said he
ape I should be the most ungrateful of men now living it
pon the English. f.a.rme.;
it• a any occasion I allowed one word to escape my lips in-
titiQus to the character of the English farmer.
.I have teown them long-I have associated with them in times. of
ieretrsepeetrity and of difficulty. I can only speak with
say of my own tenantry; but I must
ay Englishthat, high Bas has been my admiration of the
three farmer at all times, that opinion within the last
never
seen
Or ,
`.4lr years has been greatly exalted-for I have
ev.er aeen a body of men who have encountered difficulties,d
2,d_the extraordinary privations attendant upon those itli.
:2111_lties, with equal firmness or equal patience.-(Cheers.)
if;l
d, therefore, be the most ungrateful man living,
,",1.,1 these impressions, I should fail to give utterance to
theta
at,e°,,erY fitting time and place, and particularly in thee
kieltl•a: °` ‘-onimons.-(llear, hear.), Then there are some
weillbseions which, in order to argue the quession , may
the Price made on both sides. I admit that the depression in.
tie' 'e of corn has been somewhat greater than I had ant.
their-, '''-Hear hear.) I also admit that the duration o
it..ezleueperdestshioen has been longer than I anticipated.-(hear,
kr') Oa the other hand, the Honourable Gentleman who.
that to the
motion made a very large admission, as it
If I did not misunderstand bim, he admitted
sell: excepting the landlords and the occupiers oft
of
thi. the general condition of the great body of the peopletnte
_.
Noe. Collfltry was prosperous, happy, and cop e , d...
(tie; I conceive that this is an immense admissior.. •
kit ti-re'vfltear.) But the Noble Marquis who has just
argued n has somewhat retracted that admission ; for he
general that the agricultural labourer had not partaken of the
_
e i, Prosperity. Now, the question of the condition.
myi
Opinift uourer lies at the root of the whole subject, in r
the I'll-Wear.) I do not undervalue the importancearo.
in r andlord--I do not undervalue the iraeortance of the f
thee Peace still, whether speaking numerically or as regardsl
cannot Ile° and welfare of the community, I cannot overlook,
and ti,,bit regard as paramount, the conditian, the we are,
the a ' l'lPPiness of the great body of the lading
people'inc
for
Beckgrioaltural labourer.-(Cheers.) The Hon. Member
With inghetnshire hoped that we should not be inundated_ha
thoughtstatcal returns respecting the poor-law.
_I d
hed that
e Portion of the subject had been nearly ex-
therefor
" 'l' the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and I should,
the e.
nhiVerY Unwillingly have reverted to it to...nigh!, but
klble'-re Marquis has re-introduced it, and it is
Rouse e" to recall to his recollection, and to that ofthe
ehi;, some points which have been established,by indisput-
the- 4nennlenta evidnce, by the Chancellor of the Ex-
butatter,
shad' might go to any part of the United Kingdom,d
entii. first take Ireland. There is a remarkableonose-
mieee-nt which has been laid on the table of the
IHnen., fe,B,_he commencement of this session, and which
that une far exceeded my most sanguine expectations, and
Elsreturn t.
e, ; re ers to Ireland. Will the House believe that
' 1848, 1,400000 ablebodied men were receiving
IteeseZei.t within thewslls of the workhouse, but out of .
the lag `met while, in 1819, the number was 1,210,000, in
Nei...," `eat while,
frightful and enormous amount of persons
....meatng relief out of the workhouse was reduced to 372,000?
fee, tore e) With respect to Ireland, this is the most satis-
Acne.' lact which has been presented to my knowledge.
Edina,with regard to England, it will be recollected that ac-
*it , to the doctrine of the Hon. Member for Buckingham-
the "teesef oor rate is the leading local burden which falls upon
. pezdarnir and landowner. Well, the amount of money ex-
se ted for the maintenance and outdoor relief of the poor
tepenegeland in 1850 was about 400,0001. less than the sum
e`fir :-4than 1e49, an amount of charge equal to 10 per cent.
bee la the most satisfactory circumstance, for the num-
' 070ef able the
poor receiving relief in 1850 was reduced
Ilea -46 Per cent. on the whole.-(Hear, hear.) Thel
though has referred to Scotland; and here also aa-t
doter A have no knowledge of the matter beyond h
110131:7,11tatY testimony affords, I cannot respectsigwmbe.
448; alarquis fell into a great error with to t.hoet e
?ebbn°lPenperistu in Scotland; for I find that in 18bo h
°,l casual poor so far diminished as to e less
4,lneee_4l4B been in any other year since the Poor- law
111e_
of August, 1845, came into operation.-
,te sari hear' ) But, before I refer to this document, I beg
aser/ that I should not have been surprised to have
Owe i that there was some increase, because my
teekeimPression has always been that a very scanty
hewillear-re as dealt oat to the poor of Scotland.-
ave 111 e . ) I should not, therefore, have been sorry to
etiti 1 ard that there had been some increase of relief..
tioeen whichhe greatest confidence in the Board of Commis
kose - administers relief there. I know that they are
e elaiii,4l4lous that strict justice should be done between th
borne ," Pauperism on the one hand, and the expenses
• kostr.„'ll Property on the other. I know that they are
leet4",xtous that, on the one hand, every just claim pre-
-14:14 tiles° them should be met with mercy and kindness;
keat ,'e on the other, everything that is an enc.ourage-
lilloolti4c idlers other,
and to indigence arising from idleness,
to P., u 8 withheld. Well, what are the facts. with regard
eteee:Pe,tinne in Scotland ? So far from their being an in-
etoe into appears " that from 1845, when the recent Act
that" operation, and for at least 10 years previous to eee4,te. the expenditure on account of relief to the poor, leere‘uve.of other charges, has exhibited a constant annual
thee,e till the year ending May, 1850, when for the firs
the It has so far decreased as to be 22,6951. less than that ot,
eti.Peceding Year, and 9,032/. less than that of the year
ilinalg laY, 1848." (Hear, hear.) But that is not all. It
iicars further thaT the
.number of registered poor re•
kcitreadyring the year ending May, 1849, was 106,000;
e e,_. during the year ending May, 1850, 101,000, showing
llnution of 5,000; that the number of poor who died,
weecaased to 2receive relief, in the year ending May, 1849,
234000, and in the year ending May, 1850, nearly
Of ~,r' auorfing a decrease of about 1,600; that the number
OR the register in May.lB4 an in Ma.
44149)000, showing a deoreago9, a 3
of ,000 ;000andd lhat thye
lena " casual poor-one of the heaviest charges in Sfcotm-
xtel ' arising from the immense amount of immigrationntle from
ettalinnde--the number of casual poor relieved durig
endingl ?Thy,
1841,g MitY. 1849, was 95,000, and in the, year
heat 53'000, showing a dimintation..l( f 42,000.-( Hear,
thitt ~' But the Noble Marquis said, with great truth,
the
eo` 'very large proportionheoflatrhee
minadsisrect taxation of
es of the corn-
kttnie,UntrY was borne by t g
throw'' But the moment he makes that admission it
4 for Blt light on the state of the revenue. I remember, on
81 ef'6e,,,‘t occasion I dwelt upon the remarkable fact that
ofitil ,'-'O/- of our revenue were raised from the great body
l'tirs: cerafnunity on the necessaries of life - on articles *f
t 4114,, r 3. ttaportance such as wheat, and of such luxuries as
be a "es.% ePtrite, beer, the produce of malt, &c. What could
taeo.‘"ete direct test of the general prosperity of t.he. corna tax ItY than when, notwithstanding the great remission of
i
,tkeetivrhieh have recently taken place, the. Customs and
the are maintained almost without any ch.minu
turns of the Exchequer meets Parhamentiow. ith a
als;tl °t. nearly 3,000,000/. ; and when, copscidentwith_othne.
kerote,e of defalcation in taxation, it is admitted by the. H
hap,. er
t and
for Buckinghamshire that there is prosperity and kyrZess among the great body of the people?-(Cheers.)
eeetnerrPriee is very little diminished when I look to another
"haattireturn Which was also laid on the table yesterday.t
clsets; the great cause of prosperity among the Nevmorplovg.
Ltneet and Why, ample demand for workmen,. and
boure, DM. wages consequent p to obt;in
there '' 11l the history of this neatgr commercial country
the preaver Nvo
a time when the value of exports., which are
they dicile..e..of industry, amounted to. anything tike the sum. .
Direly erz'id'ear. That amount is almost fabulous-it is
uhancellor e* Up to the let of January, 1851,. as the
°llnd that
, 00/oaftetrlilivnealeleolfeer
informed
you,
10,000 oat theit ould be
lilt°
werall those matt ---8
the
notecl
wishtlie sumto got
(Hear, he .
much inar detail, but I will just run
eifie,aZ few fante whielsta a the question before us.
.Fal-
th, at , °ll of prophecies
__.°
(Cheers.) Why, Sir, I:have admitted
'bled °erne el. the ex e. t tions I formed have not been rea-
they 'reincla PrepthheeciseesasPa:cenasa;lways very dangerous things when
ea the late to the prices'of a fluctuating commodity, dependpt.
soktoftall of
but let me here recall to mind
Laileal the ProPhecies which were made with respect to the
a7,t,:var°cifs.:a navigation laws. Is not the increase of tonnage
e-;''s if an -TProof of increased export of British commodities?
ti"` Ilrita' will show you there has been an actual increase
""•41tit,-- „abiPPitig and British tonnage outwards. [Mr-
totina allenge
leeiteta7- Outwards" " No, no," and a laugh.] Yes. Sot-
-I, Atilt eting all the experience of my Right Hon. Friend,
him to rove to the House that outward
te4eltthrlot a test of exportp of British commodities - the
4 What- Uritiall ingenuity and labour. [ Mr. HERMES-
' IVIShe, ,°1 tOnmage inwards?"] My Right Hon. Friend
rn, itmei, '" me to tonnage inwards. Well, I think the di-
:kat:ll°f British tonnage inwards is not above 3,000 or
r•oesr, "e;OSIr. IlEnarma (with solemnity).-" It is 330,000
iaster ahlf-aughter aud cheers.) My Right Hon. Friend is
le,
,_
,ateeee t' "retY accurate in these matters, and perhasa re-
`l4rne / the returns will set the matter at rest. 'The re-
this d refer to were put into the hands of Hon. Members
bilete aY' The Right Hon. Baronet having glanced at the
I,lolll,lPit which he held in his hand, proceeded-My Right
ands riena : _
a s' ,3 correct and lam in en-or.-(Loud cheering
qeisti:lghter from the' Protectionists.) I can assure Hon.
. tlr to Gentle
below me it is not my wish to mar their triumph
/ heveinstatee
I will come to the figures whicth. Were ton the urnretbefore me. As to the question of ou
ald' Riankaget_there is a matter of dispute between. me and.
rat of ighut Honourable Friend whether it is a fair ;lt, D...",e prosperity of the trade of the country or not;
.1111, ria7"ls that by I will quote the figures of the retuyns
Zips pl'ulu• It aplieers, then, that the number of British
"‘earea"eated outwards in 1850 was 17,169 ; the number
thews. out in 1851 was 17,648.-( Hear.) The tonnage of
' tlagemlPPing in 1850 amounted to 3,762,000 tons. The ton-
Itntla iii
1851 was 3,960,000 tons ; showing an increase on
stew ge outwards for the latter year.- (Hear, hear.) We
allip,rill to the tonnage outwards. The tonnage of British
' laeo',ng and British colonial shipping cleared outwards in
4,300-6".72tated to 4,390,000 tons. The tonnage for 1851 was
lia li'l .°
tons....(Cheers and laughter.) Now, I admit I
°lltsperttee 'lrate., and that I thought the difference of tonnage
lidtrin -8 rattell less, but I still repeat I am surprised, con-
9(*fere g ail the circumstances of the last two years, that the
iereweicle was not much greater. Why did you not suppose
• Itneskt ;11,1 hea great increase of the United States' shipping
' sea w
, When I look to the returns I see the American
tSe cleared inwards in 1850, was 587,000 tons, while
' Theliet'l.rhage cleared inwards in 1851 was 595,000 tons.
gara as' isconceive be, when I remember what I re-
eetn tleet-ue Peculiar circumstance of large importations of
;t1 4 fah;,-`'ng the last two years, a fact which on the whole is
co-'s:cation of the prophecies which have been made. But,
intended4eve of the cheer of my Right, Hon. Friend, I
11 led further into this part of the sultject than I had
tic% bei. And now to return to the snore immediate ques-
eed _ ore 4,.
/e_ well.h After all, Sir, the test of the real prosperity
in ee 7eing of the great ody of the people is one which
41 Co'trathil I!on. Gentlemen sitting on. this side of the House
00e which ten& 'with me a certain and infallible one ; but it is
test 13 I put higher than any of the rest, and than all the
latig2t.togeher. And what is it ? It is that of which the
nrip,;;ltaTterest are accustomed to complain-the immense
'fqoan't°ll of foreign wheat and flour.-(Cheers.) Millions,
ottee beer, of wheat and flour have been. imported. They
iithey " Paid for- they have been consumed. How have
-Ive been e°nnatned? Why I believe millions of mouths
tlipot,n_ fed with wheaten' bread which but for that
nay, aVorn would have wanted it-(Cheers)--erid that,l
tteaun_Laeall, ia
retieth most conclusive evidence that can be
this '7,.1_ of the pperity and welfare of p. of
Air. iziou,atrY.--(Cheers.) The Hon. Member forCarlisle
Nighbou°?n) introduced the subject of the estates of my
trot, „, ors In CUlnherland, and more particularly the condi-
eteittetCesti9n
the "q"re weavers in Carlisle. Now, I will first touch on
of the weavers. Now, the Hon. Member
°ruin rotinform the House what is the peculiar character
vr....!"?' tuft it is a
tell ._°,..T. i?. trade in Carlisle and its vicinity. He did not
hopeless competition between handloom
itZl and rallehitlery-(llear h
pktuirg wily a circuut , ear)-and I remember
anCe which makes this competition
P Ullfbrt11211" ttla't """.....e. handloom 'lrwin,