The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-23 00:00:00

. , ,
, Irrik , ,„
,
OCTOBER 23 1851.
• ftr,
4 •
44,
- 9 N°. 18,435.] , TITURSDAY
• 0,
.• _
LONDON

The GREAT EXHIBITION and the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION.
111 the most interesting Deposits at the Great Exhibition will, in
• turn, be lectured on at the
OPAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
al) The present Lectures are by J. H. Pepper, Esq., on the Ap-
plication of Iron and Steel in the Manufactures of the United King-
dom, now exhibiting in the Crystal Palace ; and by Dr BachhofTner
on the Electro-Metallic Deposits there, illustritt-d by a splendid se
ries of Messrs. Elitington's Specimens. —The Exhibition of the Oxy-
Hydrogen Microscope, magnifying objects upwards of 100,00 times
their natural size.—The great economy of Cooking by Gas explained.
—A Lecture on the History of the Harp, by Frederick Chattertou,
Eki., with Vocal illustrations.—A Series of splendid Dissolving
Views.—Diver and Living Bell, &c.
Admission, is.; Schools, Half-price.
Open daily from Half-past Ten to Five, and every Evening froth
Seven till Half-past Ten.

P7ADKIEL'S ALMANAC for 1852,
Twenty-second Year. Thirtieth Thousand !
Fate of France, Ireland, Italy, Rome. More wonderflif Rovela•
tt.-ms through the Magic Crystal. The Pope and his Destiny. Let•
ter to Lords John Russell, loose, and Wrottesley. Numerous Wood.
cuts. Striking Hieroglyphic. Fulfilled Predictions.
Published by A. Hall and Co., London. •
Price Sixpence, post free Tenpence.
Sold by all Booksellers.

D RIVATE HINTS on GENERATIVE
. WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS, and Venereal
.Com-
plaints, by Dr. WALTON, M.R.C.S , with plain directions for
cure ; price 6d., post free Bd. The experieme of a quarter of a cen-
tury.—Vide Testimonials. Charges moderate to all. Hours of con-
sultation, Nine to Tvrd; and Rix to Nine (no The), at 40, Malden-lane,
Covent-garden. Females advised, by correspondence or otherwise.

`-2 R. CULVERWELL'S NEW .WORKS.
wiTo be had of Shenvood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho,
147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhlll ; or direct from the author ;
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS :—Early Rising—Spring and Summer. Mornings Ex-
cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Home
—Music—The Drama—On • Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing,
ir, Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c.

FRIGIIENIS MAI THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vols.
Vol. I.

VISIT TO THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c,
Vol. 11.
THE LAKES OF KILL 4,RNEY ; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, &c.
111.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
" That three score years and ten our course may rim."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
you 4y-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution,_ BLit harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, or stu iy, and em-
bitters old age ; with tables and rules for the diet and physical regn-
!talon of every-day life.
IV.
THE PASSIONS.
"What passions hurt the body—what !anent e,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
'SUBJECT :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad-
vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casual-
ties of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations graphic, nar-
rative, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages,
V.
THE MARRIAGE STATE. • •
"To be or not to be, that is the question." , , •
PROGRAMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding, marriage, to be observed by either- sex. Time and
choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, &c.
By It. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841); M.R.c.S, (1827). L.S.A.
(1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
matters. Reception hours daily till Five. Evenings,
Seven till
Nine. 10, Argyll place, Regent-street.

RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS.
LONDON AND NORM-WESTERN RAirmAY.—Return of
Traffic for the week ending Oct. 19:—
Passengers, parcels, mails, &c. ....£35,550 13 2
Merchandise ... ... 16,812 0 6
Cattle 1,491 12 9

Total ... £53,834 6 5
Corresponding week last year ... 46,137 13 2
Aggregate, 1850 ... £787,214 5 2
1851 994,617 11 10
1/
Note.—The returns as published are exclusive of the
traffic of the Huddersfield Canal and Shropshire Union, North
Union, Preston and Wyre, South Junction, Manchester and
Buxton, and Buckinghamshire Railways, and of the propor-
tion of traffic deducted under agreement with the North
Staffordshire Company.
GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—Return of traffic for the
week ending Oct. 19 ... £21,161 13 11
Corresponding week last year... 18,293 5 9

LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY.—AMOURt of
Traffic for the week ending Oct. 19 :
Passengers ...
Goods ...

~. : £9,515 9 5
~. 2,400 710

Total ... £11,915 17 3
Corresponding week last year... 11,423 10 10i
LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAILWAY. (260 miles
open.)—Traffic for week ending Oct. 19....£15,815 5 0
Corresponding week, in last year (260
miles open) .. „.. 1G 2

THE GRICAT NoRTIIERN RAILWAY.... (Miles in work, 2411)
.Return of Traffic for the Week ending Oct. 12, 1851 :
Passengers, parcels, carriages,
horses, dogs, and mails ... £7,489 5 9
Merchandise and minerals ... 5,187 1 4
Cattle ... 357 16 2

Total .. ... ... £13,034 3 3
Corresponding week, Oct. 13, 1850 (236 miles):—
Passengers, parcels, &c. ....£4,132 3 6
Merchandise, Cattle, &c. ... 3,137 6 1

Total ...

... £6,269 9 7

NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE RAILWAY. (Miles open, 112.)
Return of traffic for the week ending Oct. 12:—
Railway and canal ... £5,411 0 0
Corresponding week last year ... 4,6:31 0 0
Note. —The above is exclusive of the receipts available
under the agreement with the London and North-Western
Railway Company.
CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAlLWAY.—Traffic for the
week ending Oct. 19:—

MAIN LINZ.
Passengers ... £1,385 5 6
Parcels, H. C. and D. ... ... 89 11 10
Goods, cattle, &c. ••• 647 2 0
Mails 575 0 0

Total .. ... ... £2,696 19 4
}TOLD.
Passengers ... ... ... £35 6 8
Parcels, 11. C. and D. ... ~.. 2 8 7
Goods, cattle, &c. ... ... 72 3 8

TILE SAFFRON WALDEA AGRICUL-
7'URAL ASSOCIATION.

SAFFRON WALDEN, Ocr. 22.—The anniversary of
this association was celebrated this evening in this
town, the early part of the day having been devoted
to the purely agricultural purpose of distributing
silver and gilt cups to the most successful breeders of
stock, and pecuniary rewards to the most dexterous
operators in the minor branches of the agricultural
science, such as ploughing, &c. The dinner took.
place 'in the evening, at the Museum' when Lord
Braybrooke took the chair, supported by Earl Hard-
wicks, Earl Romney, Major Beresford, M.P., Mr..W.
Miles, M.P., .the Rev. Dr. Whewell, Master of Tri-
nity College, Cambridge ; Mr. H. Bullock, Mr. S.
Jones, and other gentlemen.
After the usual loyal toasts had been drunk,
Major BERESFORD, M.P., proposed the health of
" The four Lord-Lieutenants of the counties of Hert-
fordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Huntingdon-
shire," coupling with the toast the name of the Earl
of Hardwicke.
Lord HARDWICKE, in returning thanks said—My
Lords and Gentlemen, it becomes my duty to return
thanks for the toast which has just been given, and I
can only echo the words of my [lon. Friend, and say
that we are attached to the country in which we live.
I can answer for my Noble Friends whose names
have been coupled with mine, that they . are
interested in the agricultural welfare of 'this

county as much as any gentleman , present.
They posses large estates, and are acquainted
with and feel all the weal or woe connected
with agriculture. Having said this, gentlemen, I
will proCecd to offer to your notice a toast which was
intrusted to me by my Noble Friend on the left
(Lord Braybooke), and which, I believe, i 3 .usually
considered the toast of the evening. My Noble
Friend has usually given this toast himself, viz.,
" Prosperty to the Saffron Walden Agricultural As-
sociation." The welfare of, the Agricultural Society
of Saffron Walden must very much depend upon the
prosperous condition of the people connected with it.
I confess that I do consider that the nature and cha-
racter of this meeting is somewhat altered by the

circumstances now affecting the farmer.—(Hear,
hear.) I consider that the position in which the
speakers of this day are placed is one totally different
from that which was contemplated in the origin of
these societies.—(Hear, hear.) We are now care-
fully watched by the greater part of the public press,
and not a sentiment given forth from any gentleman
at this meeting will escape being published to the
World by the'press in general, and commented upon
by a certain portion of it. It will be commented upon
with great ability and great shrewdness; they will
spare no vituperation; if they think it necessary, they
will spare no ridicule. So far oar position is altered,
and in addressing you this day I feel as if I. were
about to make a speech in Parliament instead of in
a social meeting where we might indulge a joyous
carlesseess, where we might utter language
which we did not care to have repeated,
At the present moment we must take care to narrow
our conversation and address our language to the sub-
ject before us—uttering nothing but what we have
fairly considered and which is legitimately to the
point before us. I feel, under these circumstances,
considerable difficulty, if not great pain, in being
called upon to offer you this toast. I should be
glad indeed if I -were able to omit everything likely
to lead to any future comments, and I may plead the
rules of your society, which do not permit us to make
any reference to political subjects. I intend so to do;
but I know-very well that when a man gets upon his
legs and begins to make a speech, it is somewhat diffi
cult'to avoid expressions which may seem to have a
political tendency. I will not, however, speak of
parties in the state, or of legislative measures. I will
address Myself to the subject-matter of agriculture,
omitting studiously anything which can be called the
political portion of the subject. , Lord, we are
called upan to drink " prosperity to agriculture," and
I consider a toast of that description, if it means any.
thing in a social meeting, means offering up a prayer
that prosperity may attend the society in its future
operations. To make a society prosperous those per-
sons- wbo uphold it must be prosperous themselves.
—(Hear, hear.) It is impossible to sever the welfare
of the persons connected with the society from that of
the society itself, which must mainly, if not entirely,
depend on the position of the parties connected with
it. We have witnessed this day, on the common, a
scene which has always deeply impressed me with the
feeling that we are at least performing a duty which
the better and richer classes of the world owe to their
poorer neighbours—viz , bringing them forward before
the public, and offering them to public notice as
worthy of the esteem of their fellow- creatures.—(Hear,
hear.) A more important duty I do not know ; and
yet we have passed through a time when that duty
was held up to the public as most ridiculous—as a
duty performed in a manner most unworthy of rich
and wealthy persons, and at the same time commented
upon with a degree of severity and ridicule which
made it painful to those who heard of as well as to
those who read it. But we live in a time when we
have among us, and connected with us by social ties,
a Prince, who, as my Hon. Friend has said, from his
industry, zeal, learning, and perseverance, has shown
that he is worthy to be placed as the Consort of our
gracious Queen. That Royal Prince, whose exer-
tion in promoting the Great Exhibition of the indus-
try of mankind we all recognise, went after closing
that Exhibition to Windsor on a duty precisely simi-
lar to our own. His Royal Highness took the part of
my, Noble Friend on the common, offering similar
prizes to the poor and industrious people. I am
aware that the trumpery prizes of 103. or N. cannot
be offered as a remuneration for any acts or deeds of
theirs ; it is a sort of medallion or riband bestowed
on them for their virtues, as in the case of a soldier
who has achieved great deeds on the field of battle.
This is the principle on which these societies
are instituted, and it will stand firmly against any
irony which can be put on them. Our perseverance
has silerced that irony ; and we know that this steady
course of exercising and adhering to our own opinion
will at all times defeat the irony of writers or speakers
who may meet to hold us up to ridicule. Gentlemen,
we are placed in a position in which we are led to
consider the prosperity of the society as coupled with
curselves; and the question I shall this day raise, and
which I shall be thankful to hear considered in a
mixed society like this, is—ln what way is the farmer
of England to meet the present depreciated prices of
produce—(Hear, hear)—and how is the welfare of
the agricultural community to be supported in its
present condition ? How can we expect it to be pros-
perous as we wish it, in the condition of our commer-
cial and mercantile business, while at this moment we
are buying in the dearest market and selling in the
cheaper one ?—(Hear, hear.) We have elicited vari-
ous opinions as to the state and condition of the agri-
cultural interest, but I believe myself, from what I
see around me, and from what I have heard, that
every soul in the community is perfectly sensible of
its great depression.—(Hear.) I can see this from the.
tenderness of writers against us—l mean the writers
who uphold the present system as one which is main-
tainable and likely to be remunerative. The tender-
ness of these writers on agriculture, and on all points
connected with it, leads me to believe that they are
as much aware as ourselves of the precarious condi-
tion in which we stand. How are we to be maintained
upon this important principle ? We were at first
told upon the one hand that it was an experiment, and
upon the other that it was a problem to be solved.
According to these terms, if the experiment failed it
was retraceable, and if the problem to be solved was
solved in the negative, it would be necessary to retrace
their steps.—(Hear, hear.) I wish to know again
what is the manner in which we are in our present
social condition to meet the case, and how have we
been answered by those who take another view of the
subject?—(Hear, hear.) We are told that we must
grow more corn, and to do that we must farm high.
The term high farming may be understood in two or
three different ways, but I believe that the gentlemen
who speak of high farming mean proceeding upon the
most expensive. hear)—thrashing
and cultivating by expensive machinery and erecting
expensive buildings, carrying on all the operations of
agriculture, and treating the thing on a scale
which requires the largest outlay of capital, to do
which under failing prices appears to be impossible.—
( aear.) We began upon the system which regulated
business,w
formedhen theythe
carefully
Agricultural
sstudied
eod-
our commercialgl
and
was
ethket3''ofEn
cultivation of the soil. We began to
carry out
the views of that society to the utmost of ou
and the progress made was extremely rapid' power,
and "tart
was checked by an experiment which we could
not then foreeee. That experiment, so far from
e t
roeurc h eixt,paennd-
in
attic; e
di induce utcoe
lookns abtonut euxsted
tonr n
dstooi
lookfr from inducing us to farm highit induced us
about us how we could work in t'
tendingtliare
the cheapest
way. Another party tells us that high farming is a
word used in another sense, meaning the manuring
the land by the maintenance of animals; but upon
this point we should be unable to conduct our opera-
tions according to their views. Some time ago a
distinguished friend of mine in the north of England
stated before the public that in his opinion landed
proprietors should turn their attention to another
class of cultivation; that they should grow flax; that
above all we should use the new reaping machine,
and that then we should be able to recover ourselves

lentirely.---(Laughter:) If weary out our lands for
the, purpose of raising animals, we go back, in fact,
to the old pastoral system. y know well that if
that course were to be pursued ryou would bring the
country rapidly back' to the 4 pastoral system; but I
should like to know how under such a system is our
commercial system to be Maintained, and how the
farmer is to meet the expense of changing from one
crop to another, even supposiags that he could find a
favourable market ? The Noble Lord proceeded to
argue that if the farmers could find a ready market
for their flax, and mills weretrected in their neigh-
bourhood, they might gradually attempt to introduce
the change ; but that the consequence of the cessation
of the growth of wheat in this country must tend to
render it dependent upon the foreigner, and even-
tually to pLce it in a positibn of slavery. He re-
sumed his seat amid much cheering.
Major BERESFORD returned: thanks for the county
Members. Other toasts having been drunk the
meeting separated.

NE VJ PEOPLE'S HALZ-AT COLCHESTER

e interesting, eererecuyof inaugurating this
building for the, purposes tithe members of the Col-
chester Mechanics' laatitution and the public gene-
rally took place, on Tuesday evening under the most
auspicious circumstances. , ,
Tile New People's Hall, which la an 'exceedingly
handsome and commodious estructure, presented a
ventainteresting and animated appearance. The en-
trance passage from the High-str t, through which
visitors paseed to the building, w tastefully deco-
-1
rated,With verdant arches of flows and evergreens,
hind on-the wall was a prettysievice,af dahlias, making
"Progress" the watchword of ,the institution. Over
the portal of the interior of the hall in a semicircular
form, facing the platform, wasp beautiful and exten-
sive device of various coloured dahlias, amidst sprigs
of. laurel and ivys in which the motto, "Science, Art,
and_ LittereTatirnin were Mr.
Literature"
94idbec°111e'bn G
u°ugYurtdnroaced
On n he pßebow,
Wivenhaeapark,,Kesident ; 4ltallardcastle, M.P. for
•COlcheker ; Prof. Airy, Astronomer Royal; Mr,
W. P. Donne, F.R.S. ' • Rev. Dr. Seaman, rector ol
Greensteade Rev. T. W. Daeids, Lion-walk Chapel,
Colchester; Rev. J. Cameron;Headgate Chapel, Col-
chesters; Mr. J. Tabor, Mr:lj. C. Eisdell, Mr. T.
Catchpool, Jun., Mr. J. §Barnesi Mr. J. M.
Churchill, Mr. H. S. Goody, Mr. J. B. Harvey (hon.
sec.), and Mr. D. Morris. ~„
After addresses from the cIiiIRMAN (Mr. Rebow)
and Mr. HAUDCASTLE, M.P.,
Professor AMY, the. Astronomer Royal, on stand-
ing forward to address his audience, was greeted
with laid cheers. He said ~',he was personally a
stranger to almost every indiAldual in that room, al-
though be might say he on had connexion with
Colchester, the nine best yeans, of his boyhood being
spent in that town before henwent to the University.
He hadealwaYs looked at his connexion with this
town at his early age with gr.'lcat gratitude. At that
time of life what he learnt was not all acquired at
school, but elsewhere, sad 4 became familiar with
those things which were,asiocasted with the idea of
Mechanics' Institutions. He', remembered very well
that when he had acquired,a, sort of general opinion
on the pfoperties of the steam-engine, the manner in
which he learnt anything ,accurately about it was
from a book a small tradeahisne lent him, but he learnt ,
its practical operations feenalptudyiog their two steam
engines in the town, on 9 otolaich was at St. Giles's
brewery, and the other .ni the waterworks at Bal-
kerne-hill. Since then he had examined innume-
rable itcam-engines, anct bid karat by the examination
of the smaller details of these various specimens. Now
the recollection of that iuglested to him one thing in
'connection with the insapption he saw upon that
wall, " Science, art, audliterature," If he had made
the' nscription himself;tbe ;should have put it iu a dif-
ferent order, and put, ert:first, not as being first in
dignity or importauceebut as coming first into pro-
gress to men's mind—(Hear, hear)—it was by ac-
quiring accurate knowledge of art , that people were
led to science, and' it, was seldom before that they
progressed to literature-(hear, hear.) He had at
different tithes cppoitueitias of seeing various ranks
of mechanics under different circumstances. There
was one instance which- made a great impression
upon him, which as a spehial incident was worthy or
remark, and which be would mention. Some years
ago in the prosecution of experiments in mines at
Cornwall, when he was several hundred yards deep in
the earth, he had an opportunity of seeing that sin-
gulaieand interesting set. 9fapeople the Cornish miners,
and it was impossible to be among them without
discovering in them a wonderful practical sagacity—
a scientific sagacity, and,this showed itself in their
machinery in every part,' in
pumps and valve gear-
ing, which were well knqsvn in some way or other to
every person in the kingdom;
they showed in that
y
little spot in the island, hy,an infinity
of little contri-
vanCes, which he never saw
anywhere else, their
practical sagacity. He. amused himself to discover
how it happened. He foetid there were persons con-
nected with these mines, not masters, but called cap-
tains, who were so coneer4ed that they had the ma-
nagement of the other enFn, and had considerable op-
portunities of meeting to dine together and assembling
in various ways. He had been present at these meet-
ings himself, and had bebn struck with the idea that
there was a sort of little mechanical parliament, and
in their discussions upon
,steam..engines, and pumps,
and rolling machinery, and
everything, connected withthe mines, there was a degree of accuracy of observa-
tion and sagacity of inference that would have done
honour to any one of the master manufacturers of
Manchester. In these private discussions there was
displayed a degree of talent be never
saw anywhere
else. This was the sort of thing be should hope
would arise from institutions similar Icethis.—(Hear,
hear.) He should trust there would be private dis-
cussions there when persons interested in them were
brought together. Though that might be one of the
advantages of meetings of that kind, he looked upon it
as comparatively a small -one; there Were others to
which the associations of persons in that way led,
which could not be procured by any
single person.
There was one advantage to .which great importance
had been attached in the report read to them, and also
in the address of the Member for the borough—he
meant the collection of a goOd library.--(llear, hear.)
That was a thing no single person could ,procure for
himself, but it could be procured by a number of per-
sons in the lowest grade of society, and perfectly in-
valuable; he did not grudge the terms in which the
importance of that had been expressed.—(Hear,
bear.) There were other ways in which this
collection of persons—this
.organization of society,
could be rnade valuable, and.one of thtso, to which
he attached much importance himself, was in the
procuring occasionally lectures, and holding ib-
structing meetings of that kind. It was possible
for a number of persons uniting :in that manner to
receive expositions, such as could not be received very
well by any single person ; and allow him to say that
the expositions which could he so received, and which
might touch upon the very highest points of science,
still need not
,be at all beyond the understanding of
point dto ' he had endeavour!urge that there were very
persons appointed to meet there.—(Bear.) It was a
which he was acquainted, t o partculars of which
understood by
few of the most recondite parhts of the sciences with
i
would not be persons if they took the
pains. Therewas no royal road to geology or astro-
nomy, nor any plebeian road ; every one must use
there were no pm-
beyond the reach of every class of
prin-
ciples in science .
ls there was much which could
mankind ; in the dedtai
without an education, but some-
whatnot be fully acquirde
of that they would obtain in
of every kin
his wits, but with proper means .
in these terms to say he was
He meant in
hundred millions of miles off, and
sure the sun was a
nd
many cases where
speakingthe principles were Understood.
make them understand it if
he could prove itt,hea
trouble ; he could make them
they would take .
~.
prineiplehe upon which this was com-
puted Could, if they
*nto details, see as he did himself.
leisure for going i
established—they e.e'
it had the
very great advantage to orga-
niseuunedel
or
osatknaedndd
e st
a that they could have the
societies of that kind
of .
: proper expositions the evidence
means of procuring
such as could not be very
of these things,
single persons--(Hear, hear)—
well acquired v
b- aath the expenditure of half a
and these things were w
hear.) Still,
life to understand.--(Bear, .supposing
body like that was directed to
upon it as
not think it had done all it
could do. A man who merely
ought to do and g a poor creature—he (the
studied art and science wilt
re as apart as important
professor)
looked at Bern u
to
glad he was see that long
thinksthat th
of f that attentionk hi do, fhae did
us the rest, and very
took literature in its widest sense : there wes histori-
cal literature, and
literaturefr that there were considerable
of various kinds, and lo-
cal literature, and
word at the end of the motto:—(lfear, hear.) He
England. Colchester was
like Colchester,
tohpep ofirrtsutnim
ittinensi:
capital
ppil
taaewhich wi s
loe
of
f C
ea and the scene of san-
.
place in that respect
guinary struggles in the middle ages, and it was a
t
the place where the first successful outbreak took
place in the revolt of Boadic
of very great interest. Be
thought he had alluded to all the principal points to
which an institution like that ought to be directed,
but perhaps before going further he might allude to
the way in which it had been found necessary in prac-
tice to conduct the business of meetings of that kind.
Undoubtedly much might
be done in the way of pro-

curing the assistance of lecturers or others, and by
expositions of a public character. But it had been
found necessary, and it was the natural
way of beginning in ail societies of that kind,
to bold discussions, and he considered, in spite of
their dangerous tendency when improperly conducted,
that when conducted with ordinary caution they were
the very life-blood of such a society as that. It was
in this way the Royal Society began the Exhibition--
it was just in the same way the Institution of Civil
Engineers went -on and most successfully ; he might
allude to the Astronomical and Geological Societies,
and many others. He considered, therefore, that this
was one of the most important points in the practice
—the daily practice of a society like that ; at the
same time everybody would see that it required the
greatest caution and attention to the rules of the
society, as well as the exercise of good nature, to pre-
vent it being injurious to the members.—(Hear, hear.)
After having made the general remanks, he must join
in the congratulations which other members bad ex-
pressed to the meeting of their lodgment in that most
excellent room—it was positively oue of the best
rooms he bad seen in his life.—(Hear, hear.) He
could wish some of the oldest established societies in
London had anything a quarter so good. In speak-
ing of all those advantages which might be possessed
by an institution of that kind, replete by the
powers of its organisation, and the convenience it
had for a meeting, he must not delight them by
supposing they had secured all ; after all, this was
like a skeleton without life.—(Hear, hear.) The ex-
istence of the institution and its success would depend
not only upon its having a large body of people met
together, or its having a good room, or in having an
able set of officers, but upon the individual exertions
of the members—(Hear, hear)—and it was in that
that the vitality of the society would consist. And
he would warn every member that, in joining that
institution, he ought to pledge himself to do every-
thing in his power individually, and it was only in
that way that the institution could hope for a long
and successful life. Now, 'laving stated that, he had
merely to express his hope, which he thought was one
which would be expressed by the officers of the so-
ciety, that meeting in good humour for the purposes
contemplated in the original formation of the institu-
tion, these means might be made use of which he had
spoken, that by the formation of a library, and the
use of it also, and by the collecting means of infor-
mation from lectures, from compositions, from dis-
cussions in various ways, and by attention to them,
the individual studies of the members of the institu-
tion would go on and prcsper, and that the oral dis-
cussion which might take place in that coons might
progress with spirit and good temper ; and having
wished this he thought he had wished all that he could
wish, for he thought he had embodied the means
which they all desired for the success of the install.
tion.—(The Learned Professor resumed his seat amidst
much applause.)—Essex Herald,

MASONIC BANQUET TO LIEUT.-GENE-
RAL SIR C. J. NAPIER.
A grand masonic banquet was given at Portsmouth,
on Tue'sday evening, at the Queen's Rooms, to Lieut.-
General. Sir. Charles Jams Napier, G.C.8., by
the brethren of the three lodges of that town, viz.
—The Phasnix, 319 ; Royal Sussex, 428 ; and Ports-
mouth, 717. The chair was occupied by Lord George
Lennox, P.M., and there were 110 brethren presant.
PrQvious to the banquet a lodge was opened, when Sir
Charles Napier was introduced to the brethren present,
and an address presented to him. To this Sir Charles
returned the following reply :
" Worshipful Sir and Brethren,—l am gratified in
the highest degree by the address with which you
have honoured me ; but I fear that your kind feelings
have set an over-value on my small services to the
State. My greatest merit, if merit it be, has been my
devotion to the service; but one who served under
such commanders as Moore and 'Wellington would be
base indeed were he deficient in that virtue!

"With regard to the conquest and the government
of Sinde, my only boast is that I was able to execute
the orders which I received from the Governor-
General of India, and thus to win, not only the ap -
probation, but the friendship of Lord Ellenborough.
That Earl, gifted by nature with a military genius,
had experience in the Government of India before he
went to that country, and these two advantages pro-
duced, in my opinion, the greatest man that ever ruled
over the wayward destinies of that extraordinary
empire. When Lord Ellenborough was recalled I
had still the good fortune to possess the approbation
and support of Lord. Hardinge., That support ensured
to me success in the war which we waged against the
bold and powerful tribes of the Boogtee hills. It
enabled me to quell those fierce barbarians, by com-
bined marching and great fatigue to the troops. Thus
was the safety of Sinde rendered secure—happily
without bloodshed; which was, to me, all the glory
and the reward which I sought for or desired.
" So powerfully supported. by the Governor-Gene-
ral, and by the troops obeying with such enduring
fortitude, I can claim but a small share of merit
beyond that of unabated and successful zeal for the
honour of her Majesty's and the East India Com-
pany's arms. That my conduct when .1 went to India
as Commander-in-Chief, should be approved of by
you, my brother masons and my countrymen, is to
me very gratifying. My zeal to fulfil the duties of
that high command continued with unabated ardour ;
but I no longer found the support which I received
from Lord Ellenborough and Lord Hardinge. Sup-
port was turned into reprimand; and I found myself
loaded with vast responsibility, but denuded of the
power to sustain it. I therefore resigned, and thus
closed my career in India.

" Brethren ! I accept with the greatest satisfaction
and with pride the honourable welcome which you
have vouchsafed to give me, and I hope to spend my
remaining years among you, as a worthy mason
should do, in ' Faith, Hope, and Charity,' until that
fatal hour arrives which summons mortals to another
world."

It was unanimously resolved that the foregoing
reply should be inserted in the records of each lodge.
The brethren then adjourned to the banquetting-
room, where au excellent dinner was served up, after
which the usual loyal toasts of " The Queen and the
Craft," and " Prince Albert, the Prince of \Vales,
and the rest of the Royal Family ;" " The Most Wor-
shipful the Earl of Zetland, the Grand Master of
England ;"." Br. General Sir C. J. Napier ;" " The
Navy and Army ;" " The Right Worshipful the
Grand Master of Hants, and the Right Worshipful
the Deputy-Grand Master, Mr. C. E. Deacon" (the
latter being present) ; " Br. Morris, P.S.G.W. of
England ;" " The Chairman ;" " The P.G.M. of Ber-
muda, Br. Joseph Stewart Hunter;" " The D.P.G.M.
of Wigton, N.B. Br. Captain J. D. Hay ;" and other
toasts were given and duly responded to. The other
proceedings went off with great satisfaction to all
present, and a very masonic and pleasant evening was
spent.

METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONcy SEWERS.
Yesterday a special Cuurt of Commissioners was
held at No. 1, Greek-street, Soho, for the transaction
of the ordinary business of the Commission,. Mr. E.
Lawes presided, and there were present Captain Daw-
son, Mr. Cubitt, Mr. Allason, and the officers of the
corporation.
Among the applications and memorials were several
from the poorer districts of Newington and Islington.
Houses had been run up without the least considera-
tion of the mode in which their sewage was to be car-
ried off. There were no lateral drains, and the houses
stood at so low a level that there were no means of
providing a proper fall into the main sewers of the
neighbourhood.
The engineers reported upon these memorials that
no remedy could be provided, until the general system
of drainage contemplated by the Commission should
be carried out.

Ordered, that the engineers' reports be forwarded to
the applicants.
A memorial from Russell-street, Bermondsey, re-
vealed the startling fact that the main sewer which
supplies the inhabitants of that district with water is
also the means of relieving them of their sewage. It
communicates with the Thames near St. Saviour's
Dock. When the tide is up, water flows from the
river to the houses ; when it is down, the sewage runs
from the houses to the river. Even this is scarcely a
sufficiently had representation of the state of this sewer,
for it appeared from the statement of Mr. Allason that
Cela sewer was so flat that the sewage water pence
trated through the bottom into the basements beneath.
On a recent visit to the locality he had found sewage
water to a dbpth of from 12 to 18 inches in the cellars.
Captain Demsoer could hardly credit such a state
of things. It was, indeed, the application of the
principle of oscillation with a venge..ence, such as he
had hardly expected to have seen carried out in the
sewers.
Mr. FORSTER, said the case was by no means a rare
one in the Surrey and Keut districts.
Mr. Amasoez said the case appeased a most urgent
one. Parties were suffering in health 'heoughout the
whole of the district, and the effluvium was most
offensive and pernicious.
Ultimately the memorial was referred to the en-
gineer to report whether, pending more extensive
cperations, a temporary outlet into the St. Saviour's
Dock might not be provided.
New works were ordered in the Holborn division
to the amount of 9901.; in Suyrey and Kent, to the

. . .
lamount of 589/. ; in the eastern division of West-
minster, to the amount 3561, ; in the western divi-
sion, to the nxtent of 74/. ; in Finsbury, to the
amount of 257/. ; and in other minor districts to the
amount of 120/.
Summonses against refractory ratepayers were
then disposed of, and after the transaction of some
routine buiiness the Court adjourned:

cif) Yu
r yer tLe ri-dT7a. LIVERPOOL.
A tt
11 GAROTTE
iverpo
01 n
081
ißc
,EJPoOhnOßLsir-
rington, a well-known character, a returned convict
was brought up, charged with having stolen 230 i
from Mr. Livingston, the celebrated cotton-broker.
The prisoner only returned from transportation about
a fortnight ago; and, from the statement made by
Detective-Inspector Bates, it appears that, on the Bth
instant, the night before the Queen's visit, the prose-
cutor, Mr. Livingston, had been assaulted and robbed,
just before entering his house in Bold-place, by some
men, who cut away his pocket, and stole from him a
silver lever watch, a bill of exchange for 1871. 83., a
Bank of England note for lOW., and two others for
20/. each. Since that time the inspector had been in
search of the thieves, and his suspicions, from pro-
fessional knowledge, fell upon the prisoner, who
had just returned from transportation. He ascer-
tained that he (the prisoner) had taken a beer-
house in Bronte-street, off Russell-street. On the day
previous he (Bates) took with him two other detec-
tive officers, Murphy and Lloyd. They went to the
place, and told the prisoner that they had ccme to
search the house. Lloyd fastened the door, and they
commenced the search. When they came to the
pigeon-cote one of the birdsflew out, and the prisoner
said, " Stop I there is money there." Witness put
his hand there,-and palled-out eleven sovereigns. In
a bag mixed up with pigeon dirt he found a silver
lever-watch, which had since been identified by Mr.
Livingston as that stolen from him. The prisoner,
when brought to the office, denied the charge.
Murphy, another of the detective officers, said that
they received information that the prisoner had left
801. with Mrs. Hume, a publican, in Whitechapel.
Since the Bth instant the prisoner had called and got
401., and the other 401. was handed over to him
(witness).
The Inspector said he was prepared to prove that
it was the prisoner Barrington himself who had taken
the beerhouse.
Mrs. Hume corroborated the testimony of the
sergeant as to the prisoner leaving 801. in her custody.
Mrs. M'Croly deposed to having let the beer-house
to the prisoner Barrington. A deposit of 3/. was
paid on the day of taking, and 111. more on the Fri-
day following,
Mr. Livingston identified the watch, and stated
that on the Sth inst., when within a few yards from
his own :louse, he was attacked by three men. One
seized. bim by the throat, another held him by the
arm, and the third, whom he recognised as the pri-
eoner, came in front of him and attempted to pull
down his trousers. Failing in this, the prisoner took
a knife and cut away the left-hand pocket, and stole
the money stated. He (the prisoner) also dragged
away prosecutor's watch. The thieves then effected
their escape.
The prisoner, when in Bridevrell, denied that he
had deposited any money with Mrs. Hume, and said
he knew nothing whatever of the robbery.
He was committed for trial. The proceedings ex-
cited much interest.

THE MURDER—NEAR FROME.
FROME, OCT. 21.—The three men, named Robert
Hurd, alias Frome Bob, William Maggs, and William
Sparrow, who have been arrested on suspicion of
being concerned in the violation and brutal murder of
Sarah Watts, at the West Woodlands, were brought
up for examination before the Frome bench of
magistrates. The proceedings excited the greatest
interest.

The murder, it may be recollected, was one of the
most revolting character. The deceased was about
fifteen years of age, and was the daughter of a small
farmer at West Woodlands, between two and three
miles from this town. On the morning of the 24th
ult. she was left at home by herself, her parents
having to attend the market of this place. They
returned about four o'clock in the afterHoon, and to
their horror found the dead body of the girl in the
dairy. The state of her dress and other appearances
clearly showed that she had been subjected to the
most revolting treatment just before death.
Bruises were found on different parts of her
body, and also scratches on her arms and legs,
indicating that she had had a most severe struggle
with her diabolical assailant. Mr. Giles, a surgeon,
expressed an opinion that death had been caused by
pressure on the windpipe, and that she could not have
done it herself. There were bruises and marks on the
neck about the size of a. man's hand. It should also
be observed that the medical testimony proved that
she had been violated just before death. On the cot-
tage being examined, traces of one or more persons
were discovered, and it also seemed that they had
carried off some pipperty. The detection of the
guilty parties appeared to baffle the efforts of the
local police. The Government, however, offered a
reward of .501., and the services of an active London
officer being procured, a chain of circumstances was
so collected as to lead to the capture of the prisoners,
who appear not to have borne the best of characters.
It is stated that they have all been convicted of some
offence or other, and that they formed part of a gang
which for some time has infested the district.

Mr. John Watts, the father of the murdered girl,
having repeated what has already appeared respect-
ing the finding of his daughter lying on the floor cf
the dairy quite dead, with her clothes covering her
head, he added that on his return home, after giving
information of the murder at Frome, he met the pri-
soner Hu rd coining out of a beerhouse.
Joseph Watts, of Titherington-lane, spoke of seeing
the three prisoners, with a fourth man, in a lane near
the cottage of the deceased's father, about half.past
one o'clock in the afternoon of the 24th ult., the day
of the murder. They spoke to him, and Hurd, who
seemed to be a kind of leader, beckoned his compa-
nions to leave. They went in the direction of a farm-
house which was within view of the deceased's resi-
dence.

Several other witnesses gave evidence of their being
in the neighbourhood with a fourth man.
Robert Haller, who resides in the parish of Frome,
stated that on the 2d inst., between six and seven
o'clock in the evening, as he was returning from work
up Blatchbridge-hill, he sat down to rest, when he
observed Maggs come out of Burchall-lane, and go up
the hill towards Frome. Had heard that Mugge,
Hurd, and others were blamed for the murder. He
went up the lane as fast as he could, and passing
through a gate which entered the side field, he
walked up by the side of the hedge which ran
parallel with the lane. lie heard footsteps of ano-
ther person coming down, who met Maggs oppo-
site a lane leading into Blatchbridge-lane. While
they were talking he remained under the hedge. Maggs
asked the other man, who was taller than Maggs,
if he had heard anything fresh. The other replied
that he had heard that Bill Sparrow had informed the
London officer that he (Sparrow) had done the mur-
der; that the London officer had been to Spar-
row, and said, " Ah, my good fellow, I am glad thee
hasn't done the murder; thee wo'd have a free pardon
and 501." Msggs rejoined, "He will neither have a
t5Ol. , for
would Bill
not Sparrow
was the man
travel
killeda her, only
she knew him." The witness added that he would
freethat pardonkille ti her n
o .r his
ll e
have made public these facts before, but fora fear
that he should also be murdered, as he had
four miles before daylight to go to
his work, and re-
turn again at night.
Martha Watson, the daughter of
the landlord cf a
public-house at North Bradley,
deposed that at
the
latter end of last month a man named
William Spar-
row came to their house, on a M don ay and Tuesday.
He had a very bad thumb, and he stated that it was
bitten in a fight. In the courof
father asked him if' it was truese conversation her
that a girl had been
murdered at Frome ? He said •t was true, and that he
had seen the girl since she hadi been murdered on the
Thursday. Her father inquired whether they had
any suspicion of any one. He said that he did not
know—four persons had been taken up and set at
liberty, and the girl's uncle had also been taken up
and discharged. He told us that she had a blow on
the head, which had been done, he thought, with a
stick or something else, and that afterwards she was
put in the whey. He was asked what caused death
—the blow, or being put in the whey ? He replied
he did not know, but the whey was stained ,a i h
blool. He thought it would never be found out, be-
cause he thought there was only one person concerned
in the murder.
Sarah Watts, the mother of the deceased, stated that
she was at home on the Thursday after the girl was
murdered, and that she did not see Sparrow at her
house on that day.
Mr. Shoreland, surgeon, deposed to examining the
left hand of Sparrow, and finding contused wounds
li
on the knuckles and thumb, and forming an 0pi,i,,,,
that they had been inflicted anterior to the time
stated by him. A bite would have caused those in-
juries.

- The police then solicited another ranaand, in order
thatnchtheymight collect other important facts ; end the
accordingly remanded the prisoners for another
be
week.