The Sun.
London, England, 1856-09-10 00:00:00

TURKEY.

CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 1.
In a few days we shall have the the first quarter
of the new moon, and with it the beginning of the
Turkish new year.
Since the last full moon, numbers of new Minis-
terial combinations are afloat, which are gaining
every day more consistence as the period of the
new moon advances. In all these combinations it
is not so much the choice of persons which is re-
markable—all being modifications of a Redschid
Ministry—as the unanimity with which the fact of
a certain approaching change is maintained.
Nobody ought to be surprised that the Turkish
Governmeut cannot come to any decision with
respect to all the various schemes for the invest-
ment of foreign capital in industrial and commer-
cial undertakings. As soon as one part of the
Ministry takes up a scheme the others members
become its natural adversaries, and will do every.
thing in their power to upset, or at any rate to
retard it. As long as this state of things laete
there is no hope ut anything besides vague pro-
mises being granted.

The so-called National Banking Company has
chosen a directing committee of it, and had on
Saturday last an interview with the Grand Vizier
and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who promised
to appoint a committee to negotiate with the com-
pany. The company does not accept the project of
the Government for the establishment of an Otto-
man Imperial Bank, but intends to propose a pro-
ject of its own, which, however, is not yet draw*
up..
.... . . . . . . _ _

Sir Henry Bulwer is expected today with the
French packet ; his secretary, the Hon. Henry
Stanley, has already arrived.
The Hannibal, with Sir Houston Stewart, will
leave to-morrow for Malta.

The Chaptal, French steam frigate, has left for
the Archipelago, so that no French men-of-war re-
main, except the aviso Ajaccio.

FRANCE.
PARIS, TUESDAY ETENING.

Such French exiles as are in the Basque pro-
vinces are to be forthwith removed to the interior
of Spain.
M. de Kisseleff, the Russian Ambassador to the
Court of the Tuileries, is expected here shortly
with a brilliant retinue. A son of Prince Paske-
witch and other members of some of the first Rus-
sian families will form part of the personnel of the
embassy. It is said to be the intention of Russia
thus to acknowledge the great eclat that has been
given to the embassy of Count de Morny. The
military portion of the latter mission is expected t•
return to Franco immediately on the conclusion of
the festivities of the coronation.

To-day's Paris papers confirm the 'statement of
those of Madrid that the Grand Cordon of the
Legion of Honour has been conferred upon Mar-
shall O'Donnell.

The reported absence from Paris of the Minister
of Foreign affairs is incorrect.

" It is said," says the Independance of Brussels,
" that after the return of the Emperor, a contract
of marriage t3tween the youngest daughter of
Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte and the son of M.
do Cambaceres will bo presented to his Majesty
for signature. The young man is auditor in the
Council of State."

The Supreme Tribunal of Berlin has condemned
Techen, the police agent, for his share in the mat-
ter of the stolen despatches, to eight years of de-
tention, with hard labour, and ten years of police
surveillance.

BOURSE, Sept. 9.—The following were the last
quotations :

Caeh. ft. I. End of Month.
4i per Cents (ad) 92 50 —f. —C.
3 per Cents 7O 90 71 15

New Loan 7O 80

Bank Shares

Roman

Credit Mobilier 1,675. Austrian

88

Belgian Fives .. 99k— Spanish Threes —
Piedinontese(s) — Home Debt ........ 40A

RAILWAYS-ROB CASH.

fr. c. fr. e.
Orleans ......... ...... 1,365 We5tern......... 937 50
Northern .... ....... .1,015 Strasburg
Lyons ...... 1,350 New Ditto
tdediterranean 1,787 50 Grand Central
Lyons Geneva 785 Teste —
Cette 730 Austrian Com. B3O

SWITZERLAND.
The Suisse of Berne of the 6th contains the fol-
lowing, which affords further details of the late la-
mentale outbreak :—" Neufchatel is now perfectly
tranquil. Thismorning I visited the Morgue, where
eleven bodies are lying. One of them had his head
half carried away ; he was a young man belonging
to one of our first.families. I also visited the
printing-office of M. Wolfrat, where the royalist
proclamations were printed ; there everything had
been burnt and devastated. A great number of
arrests are being made. This morning several of
the wounded have died. The federal troops are
at this moment entering the town. The royal-
ists have committed several acts of unjustifi-

able cruelty. A citizen of Peseux had given better to lead to the extermination of this scourge
refuge to 14 republicans who had fired on a of the country. The brigands are therefore divided
band of about 900 royalists. The latter got into three classes ; 3,000 drachmas (the drachma
hold of him, and subjected him to such bar- is 90c.) are offered for each head of the Ist class ;
barons treatment that lie died two hours after. 2,000 for the second class ; and 1,000 for the others.
When about half-past five o'clock the rolling fire They are paid for on delivery, and on the identity
began to slacken on both sides, which was a certain being established, and are afterwards buried in the
sign of discouragement on the part of the besieged cemetery at a distance from the bodies to which
and of success on that of the republicans, the Count they belonged. This is a circumstance which makes
de Pourtales, who was there dressed in a brilliant a great impression on the brigands, for convinced
Prussian uniform, thought of retiring, and went as they are that they will all go to hell, they do
with only two or three men towards a postern not all relish the idea of going there without their
gate where he thought the republicans had not yet heads. The two brigands, of whose heads I have
presented themselves. Before reaching it, however, spoken of above, had assassinated a public func-
he found himself face to face with a sturdy volun. tionary near Poros, after having put out his eyes,
teer belonging to the column from the Val de Tra- cut off his ears, ac., and their heads, would car-
vers, who barred the passage. This man, whose tainly have come into the first category but for the
name is Maguenat de Boverasse, was about to kill' penury of the treasury."

THE PEEL PAPERS.

LI rE RATURE,

Young Singleton. By Talbot Gwynno, author of
" School for Fathers," tirc., &c. 2 vols. Smith
and Elder.
The motto of this work is a peculiarly appropriate
one,—
" Poor wretch, thy guardian angel weep.,"
for if ever a pitying spirit mourned over an un-
happy mortal Richard Singleton, the hero of these
pages, must have caused such regret. It is true
that he was unfortunately situated, but he turned
whatever good there was about him to evil. A
great deal of skill is displayed in the delineation of
his character, and a variety of incident, event, and
personages diffuse animation over the story, and
impart interest to the details. It is certain that
for the most part the story is painful rather than
pleasing, but that does not detract from its power,
—in fact, it rather adds to the effect. Singleton
was the son of a nabob, who had married a Hindoo
girl in India. Not cari:N for the child, he sent
him to England, whore he w.:5 brought up amid
the solitude and stillness of his :ancestral hal].
After a time, his health being still delica.te, he was
sent to a private academy in preference to a pc blie
school. Here he made no friends, but the doctors
deemed it advisable for him to remain on some
time in consequence of his weak state unfitting
him for mingling with a more advanced
and hardy set. Young Singleton possesced
an advantage, however, that might have
redeemed the obscurity of his birth, and set
at nought his deficiency in physical attainments.
His mental gifts were great, and by the exercise of
these he could have triumphed, but it vas far
otherwise with this ill-fated youth. He was a
favourite with his instructor on account of his
aptitude in learning, and great things were pre-
dicted of him by his delighted master. He went at
last to Oxford, and here his folly began. Instead
of at once taking his place with the studious,
and drawing wealth from deep researches into the
mines of knowledge which were opened for his bene-
fit, he madly imagined that his forte lay among
the athletic and skilled in bodily exercises. Here,
of course, he was ridiculed and sneered at, but he
persisted, and he found many to persuade hint from
malice or love of gain that he would soon succeed
in distancing his competitors if he persevered.
" All this was believed by Sing:eton—by Single-
ton, who might have fulfilled tae Doctor's pro-
phecy, and have made the University ring with his
name, had not unchecked passions blinded and
misled him." His strength failed in the path so
adverse to nature, and so contrary to reason, that
be had fixed for himself, and after a dangerous ill-
ness he was sent home, disabled from returning by
weakness and suffering. It would have been well
if he had sunk under this college attack, for his
subsequent years were a disgrace to society ; and,
unhappily, they caused the ruin of many others
who were connected with him in after-
life. Especially it is sad to behold how
his evil shadow cast its glamour over the
career of Brownlow, and, finally, caused his
death through cowardice and envy. This lat-
ter individual is the redeeming spirit of the story,
generous, manly, and straightforward. He was
the only one who ever tried to benefit Singleton,
and he paid a heavy penalty for his kindness, as far
as human eye could see ; although it is not those
who heap blessings on the unthankful who have
any cause to fear a hasty summons to another
state of being. The passages of the tale which re-
fer to Rose Adams and her sister Janet, are
bright exceptions to the gloomy recital of horrors
which shroud, as with a pall, the estate of the old
Nabob and his wretched heir. Lady Fotheringay
is a ludicrous sketch, cleverly drawn, of a dashing
woman of that time. The crafty Lund is also a
good portraiture, and it is curious to observe how
completely Singleton is in his power, notwith-
standing his conceit and vanity. At last, how-
ever, this cunning adept in stratagem and subter-
fuge overreached himself, as has often been the
case with others of his class. The scene in which
Richard Singleton sees his friend perish is truly an
evil moment, and is followed by the equally ap-
propriate one of remorse. It was that feeling, not
. the blessed sorrow of repentance, which men must
honour and over which angels rejoice, which
swayed the last years of the wretched life here
recorded. " There was no escape from his con-
science, for him the worm had already begun to
gnaw, the flames to burn." Although it may be
a sad reflection, the conclusion here met with bears
the impress of reality stamped upon it, more po-
tently and indelibly than if it had been said
that Singleton reformed. His was not the
nature to amend, nor the character to ame-
liorate ; he never yielded to good impulses
when they visited him in his fitful fever of
life, and of the close of such an existence, who
could truthfully affirm " the latter end was peace."
It is better to leave him dark to the termination of
his course below, as a warning and an example to
others, as an instance of great and glorious gifts
perverted, high and mighty chances lost., friends
turned to enemies, b 1 sing; changed into curses—
as c a evidence of a career that, with a pure endea-
vour, might have been far above the common, and
ranked among the good, but which from selfishness
and passion was worse than wasted.

Memoirs of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart.,
M.P., &c. Part I. The Roman Catholic Ques-
tion. 1828-9. Edited by Lord Mahon (now
Earl Stanhope) and the Right Hon. Edward
Cardwell, M.P. Vol. I. John Murray.
Opening this initial volume of the posthumous
explanations, or autobiographic memorials of Sir
Robert Peel, with eager curiosity—we close it and
lay it aside with mingled feelings of chagrin and
disappointment. Not but that it is completely
triumphant as a vindication. For it is that—and
much more than that : it is, in its way, to our
thinking, a masterpiece of lucid condensation, a
comprehensive repertory of political arguments re-
lating to a theme of the very last importance, and,
above all, a revelation of elevated principle, and of
conscientious scrupulosity eminently well-befitting
the foremost statesman of his generation. The
source of disappointment, therefore, be it said, at
once is discoverable neither iu the theme of this frag-
ment of an autobiography, nor in the person of this
fragmentary autobiographer. It is traceable
solely to the inappositeness of the period selected
for its publication. Time was when the volume
now examined, comparatively speaking,with so much
apathy—would have set the whole of the political
mind of England in a flame. The all-exciting in-
fluence of the question it relates to having long since
passed away like the enthralling glamour of some
bewitching legend of romance—its interest, the in-
terest "Dead and gone" of a tale that is told ! It is
left only nowadays for some fanatical prig like the son
of Spencer Percival to avow in somany words(as that
unworthy offspring of a worthy sire has recently
avowed in so many words)—" So cordially do I
hate all Papists that I would, at the beginning of
every Session, place a notice of motion on the votes
of Parliament for the repeal of the odious act of
1829 ; and if the only voter in its favour I would
zesolutely divide against it"—adding with little less
than blasphemous indecorum " I am a Protestant,
and as a Protestant I revere and almost to idolatry
adore, our Most Gracious Sovereign ; but oh, and
absit omen,' if she became a Papist, I for one
(and I have no doubt I should be followed by mil•
lions, nay, tens of millions, of stanch Protestants)
would hoist the standard of rebellion against her."
Needs it to be whispered, upon all which, that the
day has gone by for the eohoing, either within the
House or without the House, of the ravings of any
such ribald and ridiculous rhodomontade ? One
can no more resuscitate the agitation about the
Act of 1829 than one could possibly do the same
by the Act of 1816. It were nothing less of a
miracle than the creation of a soul under the ribs
of Death. The epitaph of each has been long ago
written and emblazoned in very legible charac-
ters over its tomb, and that, moreover, without
the consolatory promise, to the more infatuated
adherents of an expired cause, implied by the pro-
phetic verb Resurgam ! In either case, the corse
has, years and years ago, crumbled away utterly
into dust, and " eveu in their ashes," lives not one
spark of those wonted fires that time agone lit up
the countryfrom end to end, far and wide, in one vast
social conflagra:ion. The Catholic Question is done
with-.'-the Corn Law Question is done with—for
once and for all—the former since 1829, the latter
since 1846. As well attempt to restore the villan-
ous old Penal Enactments to the statute-book, and
to enforce them when so restored, as hope for one
instant to close the ports against the free importa-
tion of grain into England, as in the narrow-minded,
close-fisted time known as the evil days of Protection.
Mr. Percival's son may foam over with a religious,
or perhaps we should rather say more correctly an
irreligious, rabidity like that of Lord George Gor-
don. Mr. Ferrand's lineal descendants to the third
and fourth generation may babble out the old
sophistical platitudes familiar to the agricultural
mind before the well-remembered apparition of
the famous League of Manchester—but, in spite of
all, in each instance the Question has been defi
naively settled, the die thrown, the stake seized,
the goal passed, the crown won, the Giant of
Bigotry in one instance, the Giant of Monopoly in
the other, toppled down, beheaded like Goliath
"with his own sword," buried, forgotten, obliterated.
And so destroyed—both of them—that neither can
be revived. even hypothetically for the simple pur-
pose of any lengthened re-examination. If conclusive
testimony of this be required, it is discernable at once
in regard to the Catholic Question, in regard to the
Act of 1829, as recalled to popular remembrance
under the illuminating influence of this really
luminous and indisputably important fragment of
Sir Robert Peel's deliberate and candid Autobio-
graphy. The fame of Sir Robert, his resplendent
popularity, his lofty and dignified reputation fail,
all of them together, aided as they are in the in-
stance before us by all the graces of his rhetoric,
totally and signally fail to rekindle in the pub-
lic mind anything like an earnest interest in
the gradual rise, and prolonged agitation, and
conclusive settlement of the Catholic Question.
People nowadays are too much engrossed in con
sidering the vital interests of their own age, in-
terests involved first of all in a bungled War,
and afterwards in a disgraceful Peace—to care
very much for "pottering over" long-forgotten
blue-books, for turning over old files of news-
papers, for ransacking any of the far back pages of
Hansard in relation to triumphs won in 1846 by
the " unadorned eloquence" of Richard Cobden,
or to victories no less signal in their way achieved
as far back as 1829, by the h;ghly-coloured oratory
of Daniel O'Connell, the Tribune of the Irish de-
mocracy Granted, as we have already explicitly
granted, that the important volume under con-
sideration—the initial volume of the " Memoirs
of Sir Robert Peel," Part I. The Roman Catholic
Question, 1828-9—is complete, is perfect, as far as
anything of the kind can be perfect, as a posthu-
mous vindication. Granted all this : and
yet must we add to all this that the
book is read with weariness, and laid aside
at last with feelings of disappointment. The
truth of the matter being that it appears too late !
It ought to have been given to the world sooner.
Why it was not given to the world sooner is best
known, of course, to the Trustees of Sir Robert,
appointed as such by a memorable codicil to his last
Will and Testament. Lord Stanhope and Mr.
Cardwell, as joint editors of the work before
us (in their capacity as Trustees of the
" Peel Papers,"). seem to imply, by one brief
passage in their singularly curt and un-
satisfactory " Preface," a certain consciousness
that they may possibly have been at fault in their
lengthened and altogether unaccountable procras-
tination. Otherwise, after the extraordinary de-
lay that has taken place since the lamented death
' of Sir Robert Peel in 1850, and this tardy publica-
t;on of Volume One of his Memoirs in 1856, they
would never have gone perversely out of their way
to remark that—" Considering the perfect order
and arrangement in which theca, and nearly
all the other MSS. were found, it would have
been easy for the Editors to send them to
press forthwith"—appending somewhat flippantly
to this blunt acknowledgment the assertion :
" That was not, however, their own opinion of their
duty." Observing, after this, with a view, of
course to the extenuation of their conduct in re-
gard to the delay : " When the claims to an en-
during renown are only few, or slight, it may be
necessary to catch the popular favour as it flies.
But in the case of a truly great statesman, his
fame has everything to gain, and nothing to lode,
by well-considered delay in the publication of his
papers. Such delay affords a proof t...t there
are no party or personal motives to eubserve ; it
allows the party spirit in all other quarters to sub-
side ; it both induces and enables every reader to
contemplate every question in a calm, historic
point of view," The trustees and editors of Sir
Robert Peel might have added, that it also allows
the whole interest of the nation to die out in re-
gard to any particular topic, such as this one of
the " Catholic Question"—and reduces the entire
problem under our more immediate considera-
tion (that affecting their own conduct rather
than the conduct of the great departed Statesman)
to the estimate formed by different minds as to
what previous delay ought moat r 3curately to l:e
designated as " well-considered." Leaving this
still a moot-point with their readers, Earl Stan-
hope and Mr. Cardwell content themselves now
with the vague promise of giving to the world two
other volumes " after a certain interval," volumel
following each other in chronological order, relat-
ing (vol. ii.) to the circumstances attending the
formation of Sir Robert Peel's first Ministry in
1834.5, and (vol. iii) to the inauguration of the act
of 1846, the trenchant Alexandrian Act severing
the coils of the Gordian Knot of the Corn Law
Question. " After a certain interval" these
volumes are to appear, rather we are disposed to
conjecture after a most uncertain int:77. val,
judging from the tardy advent of this pre-
liminary publication. Delayed as the work
has been, it will prove inestimable nevertheless
as an authority for consultation by the future
Lingard or Macaulay—remaining, however, as we
are firmly persuaded it must remain from first to
last, a sealed book to the vast majority of the popu-
lation. Apart altogether from the tardiness of its
appearance, its contents, consisting rather of the
raw materials of history than of the mellowed and
ripened fruits of a systematic Autobiography.

THE REAL AUTHOR OF THE LATE
SPANISH COUP D'ETAT.

Within two or three days after the intelligence
of the O'Donnell coup d'etat in Madrid reached
this country we expressed our firm conviction that
the real author of that display of daring despotism
was Louis Napoleon, and that the iniquitous plot
was hatched in Paris, not in Madrid. The defence
of the coup d' eat, which soon afterwards appeared
in the Moniteur, and which is no secret in France,
was written by Louis Napoleon himself, came as
" confirmation strong" of the correctness of the
opinion we expressed. But if, notwithstanding
these conclusive proofs of the part which the occu-
pant of the Tuileric3 played in the destruction of
the Spanish Constitution, there was a single person
who still entertained doubts on the subject, those
doubts must he entirely and for ever dispelled by
the fact that Louis Napoleon has just conferred
on O'Donnell the Grand Cordon of the Legion of
Honour. The insignia, we are told, were placed
in a box covered with sky-blue velvet, ornamented
with golden bees, and with the initials of Louis
Napoleon. This is the reward of O'Donnell's ini-
quity, as the profligate agent of one of the worst
raen on whom the sun ever shone. Another and
very different reward, it is to be hoped, is in re-
servo for both,—for the principal performer in the
Tuileries and for his puppet in Madrid. The two
are worthy of each other. " Sure such a pair,"
kc. It will be a sight worth living for to witness
the end of this couple of matchless criminals.—
Morning Advertiser.

The Earl of Yarborough bps completed a voyage in
his yacht from the south of England, round by the
Scottish coast and back. His lordship was a guest for
some days at Dochfour House, near Inverness, the seat
of Mr. Baillie. Thence he sailed by the Caledonian
Canal to Oban, remaining there for some days. We
are glad to learn that he has been ranch benefited by
the cruise.

His Grace the Lord Primate arrived at the Palace,
Armagh, on Friday evening, from Woburn, the seat of
George Dunbar, Esq., accompanied by Mrs. Dunbar
and Mrs. Eden. We regret to add that hie grace ii
suffering from indisposition.

THE KENMARE FAMILY.—Tho Hon. W. ELO ND();
formerly M.P. for Kerry, arrived on Friday evening at
Kenmare House, Killarney, the mansion of his noble
brother, the Earl of Kenmare. His lordship's son-in-law
and daughter, Robert Berkely, Esq., and Lady Catherine
Berkely are daily expected with their family.
A Cußlipos ACT OF PARLIAMENT.—Among the 118
acts of parliament abolished at one " fell swoop " by an
act of last session was one passed in the reign of Henry
VI., entitled "what sort of Irishmen may come to
dwell in England." Another act was against persons
calling themselves " Egyptians,"
The weekly reviews of the Amsterdam and Rotterdam
produce markets state that the transactions continued
unimportant. There was greater firmness in coffee since
the late sales of the Commercial Company, but little
soeculative demand prevailed. In sugar, raw 01 refined,
scarcely any alteration had occurred. The inquiry for
rice was chiefly limited to orders for immediate consump.
tioa. Cotton, owing to foreign purchases, showed a
tendency to improvement.
EIGHT BILLS TO CONSOLIDATE THE CRIMINAL LAW.—
The eight bills of the Lord Chancellor, laid on the table
of the House of Lords at the close of the late session, to
consolidate certain criminal offences, have recently been
printed. They relate to offences against property,
against the person, against forgery, and relating to
accessories. In the last-mentioned bill there is a causeto the effect that abettors in misdemeanours shall be in-
dicted and punished as principals.
At the meeting of shareholders in the London and
Paris Bank, convened yesterday at the invitation of
Mr. Wm. Hartridge, resolutions were adopted expressive
of the shareholders' opinion that the directors have failed
to carry out the objects contemplated in the company's
original "prospectus, and recommending the dissolution
of the undertaking. A committee was appointed to
confer witn the directors, and the meeting was adjourned
until the `2,2d inst.

NAUTICAL IMPROVEMENTS,—A method has recently
bean invent(? of giving elasticity to the shanks of an-
chors by a helical or coiled spring, the lengthening power
thus imparted to the anchor peculiarly fitting it for cud-
den strains.. An additional improvement, likewise
patented by Ruston, the inventor of the elastic anchor,
consists in the use of a spring, for the purpose of giving
a yielding power to the cables of anchors, the cable be-
ing passed over a pulley which is counected with the
spring, and the latter with the vessel. Each invention
appears to be effective as well as ingenious, and well
calculated to obviate frequent inconvenience and danger
t sea.