The Sun.
London, England, 1851-11-10 00:00:00

~~
_~'

~~ ~~

ti;

! 4

t 6

. :,. . ~
N°. 18,450.] LONDON MONDAY *; • ' 4.4.
5 \
4,411,- 4:4' 1 r' . . '
~ tk* ' ,
...4, .. '
,-, 1-1 17 -4 .:t
'3, t ' ! r, ..P
,- ~ •';lr 111 ''''. NOVEMBER 10, 185 1 .

AT an influential MEETING of MERCHANTS,
SHIPOWNERS, and others, held on MONDAY, Nov. 3; in the
Exenange Rooms, Hull, " to receive a deputation from the London
Merchants' Committee for reform of the Board of Customs ;" Joust
FO3TER, Esq., Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, in the chair ;
the following Resolutions were unanimously agreed to :
Moved by Mr. 11. BLUNDELL ; seconded hy.Mr. T WILSON,
1. That this meeting desires .t 0 ex ernes its entire concurrence in
the Petition presented to the House of Commons last session, by the
Bankers, Merchants, and Traders of London, for a reform of the
Board of Customs, and its sympathy with the Committee of London
Merchants, for inquiry into its constitution and rnanaeement, with a
view to a thorough reform of that board, and its willingness to sup-
port and co-operate in that inquiry.
Moved by Mr. Taos. Tifonrsos ; seconded by Mr. M. T. KEIGIILEY ;
2. That while the Merchants and Traders of this port have fre-
;lntently had to c ,mplain of the obstruction to business, the hardship
mid even injustice suffered by them from the administration of the
cultOMS regulations, they have been informed by, the subordinate
°diem's charged with their execation, that they only possess a limited
discretio'n, and were only acting in obedience to -the orders of the
board, or .`o the requisition of the revenue-laws, while the represen-
tations of Merchants to the Commissioners, and to the Treasury or
Board of TraJC, have been often practically neglected or perernp-
toddy rejected.
Moved by Mr. CROITTIIER HAARISON; seconded by Mr. W.B.
BROWNLONY ;
3. That the repeal of the navigation-laws, the peculiar circum-
stances of the shipping trade of this port, and the competition it has
to sustain not only with foreign shipping but with British ports
where the shipping is less heavily burdened with local dues, 'are cir-
cumstances which call for immediate and strenuous exertions for
the promotion of an early and sweeping reconstruction of the
management of the collection of the customs revenues, and a search-
ing revision of those laws, with the view of adapting both to the
altered circumstances of our commerce and navigation, and the rapid
changes which free-trade and the railway system have made in the
commerce of Europe.
Moved by Mr. Joust MIDDLETON ; seconded by Mr. II BLUNDELL ;
4. That the defective state of the commercial legislation and fiscal
arrangements of this the trading emporium of the world, is con-
sidered by this meeting as chiefly attributable to the fact that In
the choice of representatives, the mercantile classes have posponed
the substantial interests of their order to mere party or political
objects. That as a commercial country can only be adequately
governed by legislators practically acquainted with, and substan-
tially interested in, the business of trade, it is essential that the
choice of electors should he guided by a proper regard for the para•
mount importance of our trading supremacy; and that this meeting
is of opinion that members returned for mercantile constituencies
should be pledged, irrespective of party considerations, to the support
only of such measures as are calculated to promote the trade and
Commerce of this kingdom.
Moved by Mr. J. BLUNDELL ; seconded by Mr. J. MaEcor.sr ;
5. That a committee, consis'ing of Messrs. II Blended, T. Wilson,
Thos. Thompson, Crowther Harrison, W. B. Brownlow, John Mid
'Beton, Joseph Blundell, W. Eyre, M. J. Keighley, and J. It. Ring
rose, with power to add to their number, he appointed to co-operate
with the Merchants' Committee of London, and in promoting the
views expressed in the foregoing resolutions, and be requested to
wait, as a deputation from this meeting, upon the members for this
borough, and also this division of the county, to support in Parlia-
ment such measures as may he proposed for the promotion of the
objects of this meeting.
Moved by Mr. J. FOSTER.; seconded by Mr. J. ATKINSON ;
6. That the especial thanks of this meeting are hereby tendered
to the deputation from the London Committee, who have attended
this morning, for the valuable information it has communicated and
the zeal they manifest In a cause so deeply interesting, not only to
the mercantile community, but also to the revenue, and that this
meeting recommends the printing of the second report at once,
JOHN FOSTER, Chairman.
Mr. Foster having having left the chair, it was
Moved by Mr. JOHN HALL; seconded by Mr. SIDNEY SMITH, the
deputation from the London Committee for the reform of the
Board of Customs, and carried unanimously ;
7. That the thanks of this meeting are due, and are hereby pre-
sented to the Chairman for his conduct in the chair.

BY .g.IiTHORITY OF THE ROYAL COMMISSIONERS.

RITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY.
1, Princes-street, Bank, London.
Established August 1, 1837.
Empowered by special Act of Parliament, 4th Viet., cap. 9.
CIIAIRMAN—CoIoneI ROBERT ALEXANDER, Blackheath Park,
ADVANTAGES OF TIIIS INSTITUTION.
Half Credit Rates of Premium.
Persons assured according to these rates are allowed credit
for half the amount of the first seven annual premiums,
paying interest thereon at the rate of five per cent. per annum, with
the option of paying off the arrears of premiums, at any t
eime, or
having the amount deducted from the sum assared when th policy
becomes a claim.
For Securing Loans and Debts.
A Table adapted especially for the securing of Loans and Debts, by
which the fullest security is obtained on very low, but gradually in-
creasing premiums.
Policies revived, without the exaction of a fine, at any time within
twelve months, if health remain unimpaired.
A Board of Directors in attendance daily at Two o'clock.
Age of the Assured in every case admitted in the Policy.
Medical attendants remunerated in all cases for their reports.
Extract from the Half Credit Rates of Premium.
Annual Premium required for an Assurance of 100/. for the whole
Term of Life.

Half Premium for Whole Premium after
Age. Seven Years. seven Years.
.—............. ........_ _____
A a. d. X s. d.
30 I 1 9 2 3 6
40 1 9 2 2 IS 4
50 2 2 6 4 5 0
60 3 6 9 6 13 4

Complete in .Three Bands se Volumes, price Three Guineas.
OFFIcrilL DESCE4PTIVE AND ILLUS.
TRI ED CATALOGUE of the GREAT EXHIBITION of
14
the WORK of INDUSTRY of ALL NATIONS, 1851.
`1 4, compl literary type of the original to which it refers,
opentng up sou 3of amusement or instruction to every class of
taste, proving equally at home on the drawing-room table.
handle fashionable dilettanti in the study, pored over by the
ays,
scholar o he man of science, at the merchant's desk as a book of
constant r erence —in the factory, the foundry, and the workshop,
as a repertoire for designs, and as highly suggestive for future pro-
gress. A more pleasant work to dive into during an idle hour can
hardly lie imagined, for wherever it is taken up there is something
new and striking, and worthy of attention."—Times.
The work is without a precedent in the annals of literature ;
and when we regard the circumstances of difficulty that surrounded
the task of its execution, the praise bestowed on those who under-
took it can scarcely be too great. The Contractors, in that enlarged
spirit which appears to have entered into all that belongs to the
Eichibition, engaged men of reputation and authority in every
department of science and manufacture to contribute such descrip-
tive notes as should render the work eminently instructive. It thus
contains a body of annotations which express the condition of
human knowledge, and the state of the world's Indust! y in 1851 ; and
is a document of the utmost importance, us a summary report of this
vast international " stock-taking," which no great library—nor any
gentleman's library, of those who aim at the collection of literary
standards—can liereafter;be without. It is not a work of a day, a
month, or a year ; it is for all time. Centuries hence it will be re-
ferred to as authority op the condition to which man had arrived at
the period of its publication. It is at mace a great Trades Directory,
Mforming us where we are to seek for any particular kind of manu-
facture—a Natural History, recording the localities .of almost
every variety of nativo production—and a Cyclopwdia, describing
how far science hag ministered to the necessities of humanity, by
what efforts the crude ploducts of the earth have been converted
into articles of utility or made the medium of that refined expression
which belongs to.the province of creative art. The Exhibition has
lived its allotted time, and died; but this Catalogue is the sum of the
thoughts and truths to which it has given birth—and which form
the intellectual ground whereon the generations that we are not
to sec must build ' It will be evident from what has been
already stated that a more important contribution to a commercial
country than the ' Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of
the Great Exhibition' could scarcely have been offered All
possible means have been taken to render it worthy of the wonder-
ful gathering of which it is the permanent record,"—Athenaeum.Sta
This Work is also published in Five Paris : Parts 1 and 2, price
10s. each, and Parts 3,4, and 5, price 15s, each.

SPICER BROTHERS, WHOLESALE STATIONERS.
CLOWES AND SONS, PRINTERS.

Otileial Catalogue Office, 29, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars,
and of all Booksellers.

EIHE DEPOSITORS of WORKS of ART and
INGENUITY in the GREAT E%IIIBITION, oud others,
are respectfully informed that the
ROYAL POLYTECIINIC INSTITUTION,
Incarporated in 'lB3B,
Is CLOSED to the Public, for the purpose of receiving approved De-
posits, for sale or otherwise, nithout expense to the Depositors.
Those who wish to embrace this opportunity should send their works
before the I st of December, and they will then be fully particularised
in the Catalogue.
The INSTITUTION will be RE-OPENED on the Bth DECEMBER.
It. I. LONGBOTTOM, Secretary.

CCAUTION.--In consequence of several parties
gelling a Sauce under the appellation of " RELISII," A.
SOYER respectfully acquaints tht nobility and public, that the only
Relish made by him has hiS Portrait on the Bottle, and also the
nameq of his wholsalc agents; CIP)SSE and BLACKWELL.
Gore llouse, Kensington, April 22, 1851.
'nit SILENT FRIEND.
DI SIX L.ANGUAGES—FORTIETEI EDITION.
- -

- -
CO STAINING THE REMEDY FOR PREVENTION OF DISEASE,
Iduatrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Eagravings.
)N PHYSICAL, DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE LNCA-
PACITY. AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.

E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director,
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

J.
LATE FATAL ACCIDENTS.
INSURANCE against ACCIDENTS of ALL KINDS, whether
from Falls of Houses, Fires, Railway Collisions, Explosions or any
other cause whatever.
ACCIDENTAL DEATH INSURANCE COMPANY,
7, Bank-buildings, Lothbury, London.
Incorporated under 7th and Sth Vie., c. 110.
CIIAIRMAN—KENYON S. PARKER, Esq., Q.C.
Distinctive Features of the Company.
A fixed payment in case of death from accident or violence.
To Inure 1001. by Annual Payment.
Class I. I Class 11. I Class 111.
28. Gd. ss. I 7s. Gd. to 40s.
Single Payment for Life, Class 1., 1/. Is.
A fixed payment in case of death from accident or violence, with
a fixed weekly sum in case of non-fatal injury, and an allowance for
medical expenses.
To insure 1001. on death, 11. per week compensation, and 21. for
medical expenses, by annual payment.
Class I. I Class 11. I Class 111.
12s. 15s. 203. to 50s.
A fixed sum on death by accident while travelling on a railway, with
compensation in case of non-fatal accident, by annual payment.
To insure £lOOO • •
• .. •• Inos.
500 .• . 7,%
PP
300 .• 4.
Prospectuses, with further information, may he had at the offices
of' the Company, or from any of the Company's Agents.
WILLIAM YOUNG, Secretary.

SECURITY TO EMPLOYERS.
TO SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS,
CLERKS, STATION-MISTERS, RAILWAY OFFICIALS,
BANKERS' CLERKS, TRAVELLERS, AND OTHERS.
TIMES LIFE ASSURANCE and
GUARANTEE COMPANY.
32, Ludgate-hill, London.
Incorporated under 7 and 8 Victoria, cap. 110.
lIONORARY PRESIDENTS.
CHARLES IIINDLEY, Egg., M.P., Dartmouth Home, Westminster .
JAMES KERSHAW, Esq., M.P., Stockport.

TRUSTEES.
James Alexander Douglas, Esq., 11, Queen-square.
amss N
Ambrose Ni. bet , MoorEsq.e, Esq.
Berner. Ends
-street, Oxford-street. -street, Tavistock-square.
J
CRAIRMAN—The Icon. FRANCIS VILLIERS, Berkeley-square.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN--JAMES W IrLD, Esq., M.P., Charing-cross.
"THE TIMES" COMPANY
Affords Guarantee to persons requiring the same at the lowest
possible rate, and Divides Four-fifths of the Profits. Thus by apply-
ing the justly popular principle of Mutuality to Public Guarantee,
the Premiums, instead of being a tax upon honesty, become a
means of saving and investment.
RATES—From 7s. 6d. upwards. No charge for Stamps or extra
charges.
An allowance made in the Guarantee Premium where a Life As-
surance and Guarantee are combined.
LIFE ASSURANCE.
Life Assurances, Annuities, and Endowments. Payments taken
Monthly as well as Quarterly, &c.
policies Indisputable save in cases of Fraud.
Arrangements can be made with this Office to prevent the loss of a
Policy where the Assured is unable, from temporary embarrassment,
to keep up the payments:

H. P.. SHERIDAN, Manager.

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY.
Established by Act of Parliament in 1834.
Waterloo-place,Pall-mall, London ; 97, George-street, Edinburgh;
12, St. Vincent-Place, Glasgow ; 4, College-green, Dublin.
LONDON BOARD.
CHARLES GRAHAM, Esq., Chairman.
CHARLEA DOWNES, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
11. Blair Avarne, Esq. J. G. Ilenriques, Esq:
E. L. Boyd, Esq., Resident. F. Chas. Maitland, Esq.
Charles B. Curtis, Esq. William Railton, Esq.
William Fairlie, Eq. F. 11. Thomson. Esq.
D. Q. Henriques, Esq. Thomas Thorby, Esq.
The bonus added to policies from March, 1834, to the 31st
DecemUer, 1847, is as follows :

Sum addedto Sum addedto Sum payable
Assured
Sum . Time Assured. IPolicy inlB4l PolieyinlB4B at Death.
-------1----
£5OOO 13 years 10 mths £638 6 8 £787 10 0 £6470 16 8
5000 1 year
.. . 112 10 0 5112 10 0
100 0 0 157 10 0 1257 10 0
1000 12 yearS
.. .. 157 10 0 1157 10 0
1000 7 years 22 10 0 1022 10 0
1000 1 year
50 0.•0
78 15 0 628 15 0
500 12 years 45 0 0 545 0 0
.. .•
500 1 4 years 11 5 0 511 5 0
.. ..
500 ' 1 year
__

but
-____---:---L----__
EXAMPLE.—At the commencement of they ear 1841 a person aged
thirty took out a Policy for 1,0001., the Anl Payment for which
is 241. Is. 85.; in 1847 he had paid in Premiums 160/. Us. 85, ;
the profits being 2% per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which
is 221. Ns. per annum for each 1,000/.), he had 1571. 10s. added to the
Policy, almost as much as the Premiums paid.
The premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and
only one-half need bo paid for the first five years when the In-
surance is for Life.
Every information afforded on application to the Itesidept Direc-
tor, No. 8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London.

U N LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
S LONDON.
SHARE OF PROFIT INCREASED FROM ONE-HALF TO
FOUR-FIFTHS.
Policies effected with this Society after Midsummer, 1850, and re-
maining in force at each Septennial period of division, will PARTI-
CIPATE IN FOUR-FIFTIIS of the Net Profits of the Society ac-
cruing after midsummer, 1550, in proportion to their contributions
to
those profits, and according to the conditions contained in the
Society's Prospectus and Act of Parliament.
The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives
are much lower than In many other old-established offices, and Insurers
are fully'protectod from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in ad-
dition
to t
•
ums. h
remie accumulated funds derived from the investments of
Premiums.

POPULAR - RECORD of the GREAT
EXHIBITION.

HUNT'S HANDBOOK, being an Explanatory Guide to the Na-
tural Productions and Manufactures of the Great Exhibition of the
Industry of all Nations, 1851. In 2 volumnes, price 6s. By ROBERT
HUNT, Professor of Mechanical Science, Government School of
Mines.

CIIARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.

" Every care has been taken to render this compilation a record
worthy of preservation, as giving within a limited space a faithful
description of certainly one of the most remarkable events which
has eve, taken place upon this island, or In the world—the gather-
ing together from the ends of the earth, of the products of human
industry, the efforts of human thoughts."—Extract from Preface.
" Clue of the most popular metnentoes and histories of the actual
gathering of the nations."—Athernenm.
" It should be read and retained by all as a compact and portable
record of what they have seen exhibited."—Literary Gazette.

OCIETY.
LAW LIFE ASSURANCE S
Instituted 1823.
Office, Fleet-street, London.
Parties neuring during the present year will participate
Bonus to he declared to 31st December, 1854.
Four-fifths of the profits are allotted to the assured.
Reversionary
to
Bonuses, amounting in the whole to 1,929,085/., have been added
the policies at the past divisions.
The assets of the Sniety exceed Three-and-half Millions, time
whole invested in Government or Real Securities. in the
Prospectuses and proposals may be had on application at the ofaCc.
WILLIAM SAMUEL DO VNE3, Actuary.

SP ICE It BRO CH ERS, WHOLESALE STATIONERS.
CLOWES AND SONS, PRINTERS.
Official Catalogue Office, 29, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, and of
all Booksellers.

THE OFFICIAL SMALL CATALOGUE,
FINALLY CORRECTED AND IMPROVED EDITION,
with a full Alphabetical and Classified Index of Contributors and
of Articles exhibited, Lists of Commissioners and others engaged in
the Exhibition, Local Committees and Secretaries, Jurors, and
Description of the Building, bound in one volume, price 7s. 6d.
SPICER BROTHERS, WHOLESALE STATIONERS.
WM. CLOWES AND SONS, PRINTERS.
Official Catalogue Office, 29, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, and of
all Booksellers.

NEW WORK by the Author of " GERALDINE OF DES24OND.'
On Wednesday next, in 3 vols.,
II E D E A T H FL A G.
"I'll read you matter deep and dangerous ;
As full of peril and advent'rous spirit,
As to o'erwalk a current, roaring loud,
On the unsteadfast footing of a spear."— Shakspeare.
W. Shoberl, Publisher, 20, Great Marlborough-street.
*,,,* Immediate orders should be given to prevent disappointment.

HUNGERFORD-HALL, STRAND.
ANIMAL MAGNETISM.
In consequence of Mons. LASSAIGNE and Madlie. PRUDENCE
BERNARD'S numerous'engagements in the provinces, the "SOIREES
LASSAIGNE" will be continued at the above Establishment on
MONDAY, TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY only, at Eight o'clock
rm. precisely.
Prices of Admission:—Chairs on the Stage and Reserved Seats,
; Pit, 2s.
Reserved Scats may be secured at Mr. E. S. Ebers, 27, Old Bond-
street; at Mr. Sams's, 1, St. James's•street ; and at the Manager's
Office, Ilungerford-hall.

AT HALF-PAST FIVE, instead of SIX,
TABLE D'IIOTE at the NELL GWYNNE TAVERN,
Bull-in-court, Strand. Fish and Joints, 2s. Hot Joints until Eight,
Suppers until One o'clock. Messrs. ARCIIER and BOLT guarantee
a Good Dinner with Comfort and Economy.
Visitors to the Metropolis, Citizens, and Gentlemen In Public
Offices, as well as the Legal Profession, will dad the hostlery of
Nelly to be the most convenient Tavern in London, being in the very
centre of it, and surrounded by all places of public amusement.
Nell Gwynne's Punch in perfection.

TESTIMONIAL TO KOSSUTH.
Where there is a difference of opinion as to the amount of
credit or discredit due to a public man, there is a great difficulty, if
not an utter Impossibility of proposing anything acceptable to all in
the case of Kossuth. Many people think him a hero and a mtrtyr ;
others fancy he is an enemy to monarchy. One party wishes him at
Coaenhagcn•fields, that they might see and hear him ; others wish
him at the North Pole, that they might see and hear no more of him.
What a striking difference in the fate of men. What a wonderful
odds between people who have one half the world loving and another
half hating them, and people who have everybody in their favour.
This may, however, be for substantial benefits conferred, as in the
case of E. MOSES and SON, who for the last twenty or thirty years
have been saving the public half their expenses in dress. And how
did they do this? by investing an enormous capital, by incurring a
great risk, by trying a great experiment. As, however, they
founded their proceedings on the hope that the people at large would
see their own interest, and deal where they were best used,
they have not been disappointed. How should they be ? Every man
who buys an article pays but half the sum he has been used to before
he dealt with them, and found he had a better article. Let any one
go and look at the Winter Dresses, the Over-coats, Cloaks, and
extra-warm Clothing, and he will see such a contrast in the style
and workmanship to any he has seen elsewhere, that he cannot hilt
try them, and once trying is enough. Hundreds of new customers
come daily, but none were ever known to have gone elsewhere atter
a trial.

I. New Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, pricy 2e. 6d. by post, from
the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in stamps.

TIHE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
• the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by
exceasivo indulgence, the consequences of inibction, or the abuse of
nercury, with directions for the use of the preventive lotion, 101-
lowa by observations en Marriage, and the disqualifications which
prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L.
elatßY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Bernors-street, Oxford-
street, London. Sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay,
13, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-14 t Gordon,l46, Leadenhall-street ;
Barclay, 95, Farringdon-strut; W. Sutton, 10, Bow Church-yard ;
W. Edwards, 67, St. gage Church-yard ; Butler, 4, Cheapsido ; R.
Johnson, 68, Cornl4l; and Simpkin, Stationers' Hall-court.
Past I. treats of the anatomy and physiology or the re-productive
3rgans, and is it by 28 Coloured Engravings.

_ -
PAnT iI, treats of tie consequences resulting from excessive in-
iulgence, and their lamentable effect on the system, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
Incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanr ory Engravings.
PAST 111. treats of the diseases resa, v.rg _.from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav-
ngs.

October 1, 1851.

PART IT. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Macau by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
- • - • - •

T° THE AFFLICTED*
A certain and speedy cure for all persons afflicted with
rheumatism, pains in the chest or limbs, stiff joints, or any disease:,
arising from colds, by the use of MEASAM'S MEDICATF,
CREAM SOAP, the properties of which are so astonishing in dis-
eases such as erysipelas, ringworm, scrofula, and other cutaneous
eruption, as it produces a regular action of the pores, rendering the
skin clear and healthy. It is equally efficacious in burns, scalds,
bruises, or wounds of long standing, that
no family should be
without it.
Sold at Ifeasam and Co.'s medicated cream depot, 238, Strand,
London, in pots at Is. 1)0, Ana 2*. 'a. each.

-- • ---
Pisi V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du-
ties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the
whole snbj act critically and philosophically inquired into.
THE COMDIAL BALM OF SYRIICUM is exclusively employed in
treating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., I Is. and 335.
par bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of =miry, I Is. and 335. per
bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 25. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I Is.
per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoaa, gleet, stricture, and
cbronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
11. A minute detail of the case is required: age, habits, and posi-
tron in sociaty. 51. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Esta-
blishment oat;, by which the fee, 13., is saved. Messrs. Perry,
Surgeons, are in attendance, daily, at 19, Burners-street, Oxford-
street, London, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight; on Sun -
dsys from Eleven to One.

SHIP NEWS.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.

The following has been posted at Lloyd's;—

" men:7.
" The Chamber of Commerce has given the following
notice to mariners, under date of the 21st of October:—
" In consequence of the extensive spit of sand near
the fifth black buoy D, at the entrance of the river
Weser, it has been deemed advisable, for greater safety,
to lay down a second buoy; therefor, instead of one
buoy two buoys are now laid down there, in the direc-
tion of S.E., and N.W., distant about a ship's length
from each other. Furthermore, an additional white
buoy has been laid down in the Wurster Channel, op-
posite to Bremen, in this river.' "

HELIGOLAND, OCT. 29.—The Eiche, from Newcastle
for Hamburgla, was in contact with a utter six miles
west of this island last evening, and received so much
damage that she was abandoned by the crew, being in a
sinking state. Oct. 30.—Since noon ttis day a heavy,
gale at N.E. has prevailed. Shortly before the com-
mencement of the gale yesterday an English collier brig,
bound for the Elbe, took the assistance of six pilots from
this place, and much anxiety is felt for die safety of the
vessel.

MISTED, OCT. 30.—The Johanna, cf Uelrermunele,
stranded near the Agger Canal, broke up on the 26th,
and the wreckage has washed on shore.
CRONSTADT, OCT. 30.—Thu Queen, in quitting the
harbour yesterday,: broke her bowsprit against the
Molehoad and got aground. During the nights of the
28th and 29th a great deal of ice farmed along the
shores. The frost continues, but ice has not yet
appeared in the Neva. A good deal of snow fell last
night.
GRAVESEND, Nov. 9.—Wind S.W., light, hazy.
Arrived—Helen, from Berbiee; Carlos, from Genoa;
Oscar, from Sandefiord; Scandia, from Sundawold;
John and Eleanor, Askea, and Calcutta, from Quebec;
Gustave, feom Finland; Spring, from Archangel; Au-
rora, from Denmark; Gevalia, from Gelle; Adalia and
Maria, and Romp, from Memel; Enterpriso, from Gefle;
Prometheus, from Riga; Costena, from Gottenberg;
Winterfield, from Arendal; Griefswold Jardsberg, from
Dram; Fort Augustus, from Dantzic; Attwood, Giraffe,
Concordia, and Adonis, from Rotterdam; Wilberforce,
from Toningon; Panther, from Ostend; Seine, from
Boulogne; Green Isles, from Nieudiep; Triton, from
Alexandria; Queen, from Harnburgh; City of Rotter-
dam, from Dunkirk; Tourist, from Calais; Stadt Dort,
from Dort; Tiger, from Tonningen; Zolveroin, from
Finland; Diadem, from St. Lawrence; Princess Vic-
toria, from Alexandria; Culloden, from Madras; Alex-
andria, from St. Petersburgh; Ezio, from Constantino-
ple; Vesta, from Norway; Gilmore, from Bombay;Caroline, rom Buenos Ayroa.
Sailed—Will Watch, for Western Australia; John
Bull, Elbe, anal Sarina, for Hamburgh; Triton, for
Ostend; Rhine, Batavier, and Earl of Auckland, for
Rotterdam; Gazelle, for the Azores; Bianca, for Ascen-
sion; Tysket,:for Halifax; American Congress, for Now
York; Alacrity, for Genoa; Albion, for Boulogne; City
of London, for Dunkirk ; Baron Osy, for AntworP;
Lord John Russell, for Harlingen;
William Joliffe. for
Havre; Burgermeister Hyndekoper, for Rotterdam;
Rosins, for Cardiff; Railncur, for Gravelines; liitty,for
Breinershaven; Salsetto, for Sierra Leone; Warrior, for
Mauritius; Menai, for Calais; Blanche argt,retta, for
Nieuport; Aurora, for Saylander.
VESSELS SPOKEN Walt.
Hooghly, for Port Philip, on the 20th of September, in
lat. 5 N.
George Canning, from Liverpool, for California,
on the
29th of September, in lat. 15 N.
Catherine, of Glasgow, from Coquimbo, for Queenotown,
on the 28th of October, in lat. 50 N., len* 17 W.
Sobraon, from tho Straits of Sunda for the Cape of Good
Hope, on the Bth of August, in lat. 6 S., iong• 73 E.
Loch Lomond, from Calcutta for Liverpool, on the 31st
of August, in lat. 21 S. long. 74 E.
Lord Sidinouth, from Bombay for Glasgow, on the 11th
of September, in lat. 27 S. long. 44 E. Caroline barque, of London, for Jamaica, in Ist. 45
long. 10 W.
Lancaster, from Liverpool for Calcutta, on
September, in lat. 15 N., long. 26 W.
Prince Albert, from London for the Cap of Good Hope,
the same day. the 29 th of
Fancy, from Miramichi for Plymouth, on the 26th of
October, in lat. 52 N., long. 12 W.
Niagara, from Liverpool for New York, on the 23d of
October, in lat. 41 N., long. 68 W.
Humboldt, of Bremen, bound for the westward, on the
29;1 of October, in lat. 51 N. long. 28 W.
Stanley barque, with emigrants, in lat. as N., long. 27 W.
Argyle, of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, from the Clyde, on
the 16th of October, in let. 47 N., long. 30 W.
Europa, of and from London for tho East Indies, en
the 28th of October, in lat. 33 N., long. 18 W.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
DAILY NEWS.—The words Republic and Re-
publican are employed in the present discussion and
manifestation throughout continental Europe in two
very different senses. In one signification it implies
a hatred, amounting to a horror, of existing princes,
and of all those who have broken faith with the people.
These absolute Sovereigns have all by wretched go•
vernment forced their people to look for a remedy
in a constitutional reform; at the first outbreak they
have consented to their people's demands, sanctioned
them, and swore to them. And thus having first
forced their people to become constitutionalists, then
approved of their being so, and joined even as far as
the most solemn oaths in the establishment of such
governments, they have turned round, brought in the
military, overthrown the constitutions, shot, hanged,
and prosecuted all those who abetted them. From
Naples to Copenhagen this is the story of every Court
in Europe. And the mere facts are sufficient to malee
every man of heart and feeling a Republican. And
such a school of republicanism as this has not only
taken root in Hungary and in Italy, but has spread
through Germany and the whole of Central Europe
with a rapidity and general accord, that may in truth
give some colour to that general conspiracy which
Louis Napoleon denounces in his Message, but which
has none of the attributes of conspiracy, being neither
secret nor confined to a few, but professed openly by
all the world except by the functionaries and the de-
pendents of the several Governments. To this almost
universal republicanism of sentiment prevailing
throughout Europe must be added the republicanism
of action ; that is, the general conviction amongst
capable and eminent men that the great resistance to
absolutism, and its final overthrow, can only be
achieved by a great popular movement, by a rising of
the people under their own leaders, and not under the
guidance of either princes or aristocracies. All know
that the last movement in North Italy, and, indeed, in
all Italy, was given up to the guidance of the mo-
narchic, the aristocratic, the moderate constitutional
party in each state. Although this latter is the party
to which we ourselves feel most attached, we cannot
but admit that it failed in Lombardy, failed in Rome,
failed in Prussia ; and that the only brave resistance
was made by the democratic principle and move-
ment. There was more political sense, and more
military talent in the defence of Rome, than in the
entire campaign of Lombardy. We must not be sur-
prised, then, if, after the experience of 1848 and 1849,
all those men, who look to the rescue of Europe from
absolutism and soldier law, seek it no longer in a con-
stitutional struggle or in civic resistance, but in a
wide, large, thorough democratic movement. Such
are now the opinions of all continental liberals, and
such are the convictions of Mazzini and Kossuth: We
must confess ourselves unable to gainsay those argu-
ments, upon which their convictions are founded—un-
able to deny the facts or to question the necessity
and yet we must repudiate the name, if it be reproached
to us, of being republican. For however admitting
the justice of that sentiment in the soldier-ridden and
soldier-devoured countries of Europe, as well as the
necessity of recurring to the masses for action and re-
sistance, we still have considerable doubts as to any
country in Europe possessing the elements requisite
for the establishment and working of a republic.
When we behold France, certainly the foremost of all
those countries in civilisation and enlightenment—
when we behold the French literally incapable of
making a fit choice of a president of their republic,
end this from the utter ignorance and incapacity
of the masses, as well as from the selfish and
petty views and rivalry of men in the upper classes
of society—when we see this in France, we
cannot but despair of Italians, or Germans, or Hun-
garians succeeding in any essay of republican !go-
vernment. We entertain infinite admiration for Kos-
suth, and considerable respect for Mazzini ; and we
do not say but that both may be right in employing
the democratic lever to throw off the incubi that
weigh on both their countries, but wo must say that
we totally disbelieve in the power or ability of either
to found a Hungarian or an Italian Republic. Kossuth,
indeed, is not wedded to the necessity of a republic.
When in Hungary he would have accepted from
Europe any constitutional Sovereign that the liberal
powers of Europe might have recommended. All he
desired to be rid of was the incurable despotism of the
Ilapsburgs. Mazzini is more puritan in his repub-
licanism, lie scouts the house of Savoy, constitutional
as its proves itself to be, quite as much as the
house of Hapsburg. And Mazzini in this opinion
is decidedly wrong and monstrously unjust.
The greatest misfortune that can befall any coun-
try, is the disruption of all ties and all sympathy be-
tween the middle and the working classes. The
mere existence of such a schism is either a raging
civil war, or a state of things which is no better than
civil war. France at this moment offers the example
of a complete schism between the middle and work-
ing classes, that schism being kept from breaking into
civil war by the neutrality of the soldiery ; 1792
offers an example of the same schism, overawed by
no army and by no authority. There is no one evil
that should so carefully be avoided by politicians,
whether Conservatives or Reformers, as this the
greatest of all. And when we see men like Mazzini,
or like the Red men of France, seeking to base their
power exclusively upon the lower classes, not in con-
junction with, but in opposition to, the class of in-
dustrious middle men of society, we dread the ten-
dency of these proceedings and this policy, as almost
certain to lead to the extreme of democracy in the
first instance, and after no great lapse of time, to
that other extreme, which is antagonistic and de-
structive, not merely of democracy, but of all liberty
and of all progress.

[PRICE SD,

OPENING OF THE SUBMARINE TELE-

GRAPH.
On Saturday the following important and interest-
ing report was presented to the directors of the Sub-
marine Telegraph Company :
" Gentlemen,---In compliance with your request we
beg to submit the following report of the state of the
works of the submarine telegraph.
"Four protected wires have been laid down be-
tween the South Foreland, on the English coast, and
the village of Sangatte, about four miles from Calais,
on the French coast. The land communication on
each side of the channel connecting Sangatte with
Calais on the one hand, and the South Foreland with
Dover on the other, will be completed on Tuesday
next, the 11th inst.

" Some delay has of necessity occured in con-
structing the works on the English coast, arising
from the question of arrangement and compensation
with the different proprietors through whose lauds the
wires have been carried.

FRAIVKLIN'S POLAR EXPEDITION.
(FROM AN OCCASIONAL CORRESPONDENT.)
A fresh effort is about to be made in a region
hitherto untried to discover traces of this long-missing
expedition. From the remains found at Cape Riley
it is now pretty generally inferred that the exploring
vessels passed through Wellington Straits, beyond
which and to the north of the Parry Islands it is
thought by many geographers and navigators that
they would meet with a more open or "Polar" Sea.
It is also believed that Franklin himself had resolved
to endeavour to reach the longitude of Behring's
Strait by sailing westwards in such Polar Sea. Oa
oiinre liseeahrrcihngLa Strait, has
these data Lieut. Finn, a zealous and able officer, who
has served on board her Majesty's surveying. ship
flolremrae d
ld,theCafopltlaoiwnilingelplelattn,
He conceives that when Franklin reached the
longitude of Behring's Strait he would be foiled in
all his efforts to get southwards through the one
only passage from meeting with a great east and
west barrier of ice and land, and that consequently
he may have struggled on along its northern shore
further to the west, until he became inextricably
entangled in a region which, though entirely devoid
of human beings, is supposed to abound in animals
on which the navigators could subsist. Lieutenant
Pim has, in consequence, suggested the following bold
plan of research :—He purposes to leave London on
the 18th of November for St. Petersburgh, whence, if
the project should meet with the approbation of the
Imperial authorities, ho wishes to travel directly
across Siberia to the mouth of the river Kolyma.
Tuence, accompanied by two or three persons only,
he will proceed eithor to the islands of New Siberia
and others visited by Wrangel and Anjou, or in
whatever other direction ho may be led by the infor-
mation obtained from the Samoydes, who roam
farthest towards the north in those parallels of longi-
tude, there occupying himself in a thorough survey
during two or more years.
This arduous project has net with the approbation
oLfadmyaiearii
many geographers,
whilst,al)hers and is warmly advocated by
in order to facilitate its suc-
cess, the President of the Royal Geographical Society,
Sir Roderick Murchison, hes written urgent letters
to the chief authorities at St. Petersburgh. Our own
Government has also offered every assistance to the
intrepid voyager. -
Lieutenant Pim will kive a full explanation of his
project this evening at the first meeting of the Royal
Geographical Society.—Times.,

" These arrangements are now made upon fair and
equitable terms, and the telegraph will be brought
into a station on the east side of the town of Dover.
"We have very great pleasure in stating to you
that nothing can be more perfect than the insulation
of the submarine wires, and we must hero beg to re-
cord our opinion of the excellent manner in which
these wires were cased with gutta percha, under the
direction of Mr. Statham, the manager of the Gutta
Percha Company.
" Since the telegraphic wires were submerged in
the Channel last month they have been tested by
daily experiments, and notwithstanding the prevalence
of the equinoctial gales, and the unusual strength of
the tides, nothing has occurred to disturb either their
insulation or position on the two shores.
"We can, therefore, with confidence recommend
that the telegraph be opened for the public transmis-
sion of messages on Thursday next, the 13th inst.
"During the progress of these works the French
and English Governments have not only expressed
themselves anxious for the success of the undertaking,
but have in the most liberal manner placed steamers
of their respective navies at the disposal of the com-
pany.

been
usOpwooVnr Lit enlitioE returnNffi Te
ofaintihldlepee,am.rpLol lviltnerarga.:
ak Aldermano Hooper,
ti‘iloaC
ro SaturdayaCfit
seltri TnbgaYvo evening,
JameseePeg
presentf
Aldermanrequisition Humphrey,to
ion
f
rison, Mr. %Eerie w, Mr. Dakin,
m m
considerationo n Council,
bim a waitedrnitnt
ooteua- importantli
I n early Court of
and
hisWire,t hej Deputy t
Lordshipllkb. a
tr
inCoematmoofn Council,
trtoopcoolins:idpearrttihceulparrolyprioetythoef
city of
into t the
e theirC
London;
Mr. Deputy HattarsoN, who headed the requisition-
ists, said the document had been signed in six days by
upwards of 150 members of the court, including a
majority of each of the three classes, aldermen, depu-
ties, and other commoners. It was a requisition
quite unprecedented in the number of signatures, and
it demonstrated the strong conviction of the Court of
the magnitude and importance of the object Mr. Pear-
son had in contemplation, and their sense of the ne-
cessity of having it fully examined.
The Loan MAYOR said he should at all times deem
it his duty to concede to the wishes of the Common
Council in convening courts upon all subjects affec-
ing the welfare of the City which they might think
it necessary to discuss. He wished it to be distinctly
understood that he should not require a requisition so
numerously signed to induce him to call a court ; but
when a requisition came recommended by so large a
body of the members, and by the presence of so nu-
merous and influential a deputation, he should at once
most convenient.—(Hear, hear.) If it were desired
soaoyurtth, abte, wwiotuhlodutgriannqtuiirtinogn
ainntyo
datyhetboabjtenictigobft thee
to be convened during the week the court must be
held within the Egyptian-hall at the Mansion-house,
as the arrangements of the Guildhall would not admit
of the court being held in the usual place.
Alderman CHALLIS said it was important that no
time should be lost, and his Lordship gave immediate
orders to the town-clerk to issue a summons con-
vening a court for Thursday next, the 13th inst.
Mr. C. PEARSON then, addressing his Lordship, re-
quested the use of the Egyptian-hall on the previous
day to enable him to exhibit his model, and explain his
project to such of the members of the Court and their
families and friends as had not had an nit of
attending his soirees in Park-street d ex-
pounded his views and objectpo It was fiossible to
convey an adequate egpositton of his plan except by
visual examination and oral explanation, and he felt
that his official position as city solicitor would render
it embarrassing for him to give the requisite explana-
tions before the Court, although, as individual mem-
bers and part of the public, they might allow him at a
previous meeting a freedom of expression which, at a
Court of Common Council, he should deem it improper
to employ.
The LORD MAYOR said he should afford Mr. Pear-
son the use of the Egyptian-hall with much pleasure,
and, at the request of Alderman Challis, his Lordship
consented to preside on the occasion.
Wednesday next, at twelve o'clock, was then fixed
for the previous meeting.
The following is a copy of the requisition :
"TO THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD MAYOR.
" We, the undersigned members of the Court cf
Common Council, request your Lordship will convene a
Court on an early day to consider Mr. Charles Pearson's
comprehensive plan for improving the metropolis—par-
ticularly the city of London—by widening the internal
new street from Farringdon-street to Clerkenwell; by
raising it on a level with the high ground of the adja-
cent streets, and extending it to King's-cross; by con-
structing a trank railroad in a well-lighted and venti-
lated subway under the surface of the street, connecting
the northern railroads and northern suburbs of the me-
tropolis with termini in Farringdon-street and the new
street; by lifting Holborn valley 17 feet, nearly on a
level with Holborn-hill and Snow-hill; and by removing
the wholesale meat and vegetable markets and the rail-
way carriers' receiving houses from their present con-
fined and inconvenient situations to spacious sites in the
new street; by which means (as Mr. Pearson asserts) the
over-crowded streets of the City will be relieved of a
large portion of the railway waggons and the omnibusses
from the northern railroads and the northern suburbs
of the metropolis, that now throng the City, and impede
its ordinary traffic.
" We likewise request your Lordship will insert on
the summons convening the meeting notices of the spe
cilia motions it may be intended to propose for the con-
sideration of the Court.
" November, 1851."

'iVe wish to take this opportunity of most respect-
fully offering our best thanks to Captain Bullock and
the officers of her Majesty's steamer Fearless, as well
as Captain Arpin and the officers of the French
steamer Ariel, for their cordial co-operation, and the
many kind acts we have received at their hands.
"To Captain Bullock and Lieutenant Burstill we
are especially indebted for much valuable assistance
and advice in the actual work of laying down the
telegraph. _ _

" Indeed, it has been our good fortune in every
quarter to meet with kindness and aid in carrying
out what may be justly termed a work of great im-
portance to our own nation, and the Continent in
general. _

(Signed) "T. R. CRAMPTON, )
En2ineerB"
" C. J. WOLLASTON, )

A continuous decline in the bullion of the Bank of
France is beginning to attract attention. During the past
four weeks the diminution has been equal to an aggregate of
800,0001. It is attributed solely to the influence of political
distrust, which has caused extensive hoarding, especially in
the provinces, the facilities for that practice being greatly
increased by the power,.which has existed only during the
past year or two, of obtaining gold without paying a premium
for it.
. LIFE BOAT AT PORT MADOC.—A public meeting
was recently held at the Town-hall Port Madoc, Samuel
Holland, Esq., in the chair, for the purpose of establishing a
life boat for the bay, in connexion with the Shipwrecked
Fishermen and Mariners' Royal Benevolent Society. The
leading gentlemen of the neighbourhood took part in the
proceedings,
Chronicle, and a CQlnalittte wee appointed.—North Wales

THE LATE OUTRAGE NEAR
OLDBURY.
Our readers will rejoice that the men who lately
broke into the house of Miss Nicklin, Newbury-lane,
and perpetrated so murderous au outrage on one of
the inmates, are now in the hands of the officers of
justice. The capture was a gallant though unexpected
one. So far as our information goes, it would appear
that on Wednesday night one of the county constabu-
lary stationed at Leominster, was patrolling a road
in the immediate vicinity of that town when he met
two men of suspicious appearance. One of them
carried a bundle, but a saucy answer being given to
his inquiry as to what it contained, the constable
very wisely sought assistance before he attempted
to act upon the suspicions he entertained. He ac-
cordiagly got the aid of a brother officer, and having
overtaken the two men, the capture was attempted.
One of the men, however, drew a pistol and fired it
at the constables, slightly wounding one of
them, and the constable thus injured, deem.
ing himself justified in using a gun which
he happened to be carrying, discharged the
contents into the lower part of the abdomen of
his assailant. After some further scuffling, the appre-
hension was effected, and the two were safely lodged
in Leominster lockup. On being searched no fewer
than four revolving pistols were found, two having
five barrels each, and the other two six, nineteen or
the barrels being loaded with deadly charges. No-
thing was known of the men, but their connexion
with the Oldbury burglary was proved by nearly the
whole of Miss Nicklin's property being found upon
them, including the four 51.- notes, the two shirts,
the purse, the watch, and the silver spoons, along with
five or six sovereigns. The Leominster officers
brought the articles capable of being identified to Old-
bury on Thursday, and the result was that Miss
Nicklin and a Miss Lewis, of Rowley. Regis (the
latter of whom knitted the purse), went over to the
former town yesterday, in order, we suppose, to give
the evidence necessary to justify the prisoners being
sent on remand before the magistrates of the Old-
bury district. We understand that the burglar who
was shot is in a dangerous state, and we are sorry to
learn that Mr. David Nicklin has not progressed so
satisfactorily as to enable his medical attendant to
pronounce his recovery anything like certain.—
Birmingham Journal.

POOR-RATES.
At the Mansion-house on Friday, R. King Fletcher,
a whitesmith, from Tewkesbury, was brought before
Alderman Wilson upon a warrant signed by two
magistrates of that town for the apprehension of the
defendant, for the non. payment of a poor-rate amount-
ing to 85. 6d.

Mr. Goodman (the chief clerk) informed the alder-
man that the expenses accumulated upon the unfor-
tunate man, who in all probability was not able to
pay a shilling, amounted to the enormous sum of
193., so that the demand was at that moment 8/.
7s. Gd., the original claim being no more than Bs. Gd.
Alderman Wilson—This is certainly a most ex-
traordinary case. How does it happen that you are
placed in this difficulty for the sum of Bs. 6d. ? The
defendant—l was not in Tewkesbury at the time
the warrant was issued. I was in London, out of
employment, but the summons was served upon my
v withe every reason
this
proceedingbelieve thataga s
t spitemhea,s
ora
ledbeoe followed to London at
know I cannot pay ?
atdovmust
n an expense
Alderman Wilson
which
goodhhifiye hadhtelohaulelhy
—lf the case be as you describe
it the proceeding has been indeed a strange Where are your wife and children now ? one.d
fondant—They are with me in London. I 1 lope your
e-
worship will accept bail for my appear
Alderman Wilson—l regret that I itnce•take bail.
This
This warrant compels me t
eep you in custody
until th© arrival of the o
officer from Tewkesbury to-
morrow.
The defendant was then sent to the Compter, under
special directions from the alderman as to his treat-
ment there.
The defendant was again brought on Saturday
before Alderman Wire, an officer from Tewksbury
having appeared for the purpose of executing the
warrant.

Alderman Wire having been informed of the cir-
cumstances of the case, asked the Tewkesbury con-
stable how it happened that the expenses were so
large? The officer replied that the defendant was
able to pay the rates which he had refused to pay, and
the authorities had accordingly sent after him, and the
expenses had been incurred in travelling and looking
after him.
The defendant—l am not able to pay the rate, and
am not able to pay the demands, and that was well
known in Tewkesbury.
Alderman Wire—l have no alternative but to hand
the defendant over to the officer. I cannot, however,
do so without stating that the inhabitants of Tewkes-
bury are, in my opinion, bound
to inquire into the
mode in which their money is expended in looking

• r '
~„•i'•:'
NT
+,4 A:" ••_ . ,
-..)
_4._
~
40$
:.,. ...,
...._' . .,4
Y
.114:71,J---. "1-1....,C---- ---05?-- (. -"`
----
~,. otik?t't ~,,,--P
) after poor ratepayers, and the disagreeable and inevi-
_
.
4 . ,
tbaebelaeuCseOntgheegletteeersOfobfeinthgoOseblifgaen3Cliff:'.
, e ~ i
1111111-
_-
1 ..--f.,;,11
V)' ‘'. t,,....: 'lt.
-:r •' t 44, - t
_ .
- ~,, s 0.
A ele.- , . -'''.ll4Etit 3.4. -- .:. _ —
_. i
, .
.: • , .., .: ~.
,- :
„. "4'l'o' ' •
.... .
--- '' At. -,,,_ .. :- •
~.., --•=%.,vs---i.r,1,,•0 -,c •0. r • 41- ..-', 0,
4,,,e0 . _..,
..,,, ~3. ~,
fr' 'k4.kt,l9 ..z ~
~, i-,,' ''"k,..:- -.,: 4.
_________,-
...
~.-•;,,,, \ oe- , -N _ , f. :,,,, , 1.:: -7, _ •,!. ' -s- -b..4 I if...-„,-4,ey. ~ ,
• •,„,,,:„.,,, .0- • -•,,, :h.:. ..,x.
' t
ciAi
rl,
. ....... ,\,_- 0 ....., ...,,,z ,•.. ~ \
. ~
o. ik
The defendant then was taken awies:
pay small amounts upon demand. ~ uvy.f?b:yroerttulf:ae families,
•,.":\''''''
~., ~,f,\,:,;it, aw -,:;,,,..b;,,;,,,, ',\ ‘2, -,,_2>_Lt ,I.L_-,1 . ::,.. -,-- N _ ''' ,3A-v.,_
____,...i.A.,.,,i; . ' . , , .
... ~
,:- --7
.4 . "i'rf 1 ,
..ic, ,:. !,- ~..7-..4-...:.:- ~,, , ~.,:,,,,. ..., p.-i t , , , r#: ,*,,f '., s --...- - 0P:,4 ,Jtv JEA,
SIP-•,)-1t' . ~. ,
~. - , .
'" r:' N't ' kesbury officer.
• r ...*
140.......;„
..., ~ j„.. , -,-0 . low +. , :,.
0.,„.• i 1,,-' . ' % _
• '',1.44k1,,,,,„, , ' • -
= :,!..4.4.
~ t,,,-,, ~..rJ 47 ,r. ---
::.t.a- ..,.*
~.. ~,,,71b44;''
1.,
in-& tv,,1•4,:44%.4,'',.,4i,/,) q/..,07( ~,,514.014
.:5740,710.,:l zit
0-ir-i ~.. ~,---- - - 4t",,ti,47
,ezi, -,.

TRIBUNALS 01'C------;----'O---I.IAIERCE..
A meeting of the society for promoting the esta-
blishment of tribunals of commerce, and reducing our
various mercantile laws to a simple and intelligible
commercial code, took place on Saturday at the
London Tavern, under the presidency of Mr.
M'Gregor, M.P.
The object of the meeting was to afford Mr. Leoni
Levi, of Edinburgh, the author of a work on the
subject, an opportunity of submitting his views as to
the formation of a code of commerce for England.
Mr. LYcE, as the honorary secretary, explained
, how it was that they had invited Mr. Leoni Levi
to meet them. Although they knew that the whole
commercial community agreed in the principle of
tribunals of commerce, and upon the immense advan-
tage which would result from them, yet the magni-
tude of the task that they had undertaken was such
that they had to proceed in it step by step. The
committee
uniAciaatnicollies,atedrth
andt
the
Chambers
Liverpool on the subject, which had at
hadcf Commercebn
iu
c°m
ofm
length been taken up .by them and by other
commercial bodies. It had been suggested by
in-
fluential
,should think of preparing the draft of a
commercial
code for Great Britain. When the suggestion was
made, the committee felt its importance, and applied
1 to Lord Brougham to point out a gentleman qualified
tooktAhl.e .
part Hume,ti 'oe
fttit
ehe consider
Ito frame such a code. The Noble and Learned Lord
aquarfoterr
stuhoehy
a couldpurpodsoo nionstleeadss tohfasnomaectm.
authorities, and ultimately' he suggested, as did also
of Mr. Leoni Levi.
public
eiecr
atgbaeinP
su subject,
committee jae c
fstohroaeuni
glddn e r, hears consultedbthe
eiin-
vitednvogiteh we other
Upon a suggestion from so high
aware that some prejudice might be entertained on
the English bar ; but that objection had been well
answered by Jeremy Bentham, who had pointed out
the. great advantage which would result from per-
mating a foreigner to take the field in competition
with the native authorities in framing such a code.
Bentham even went so. far as to propose " that for
the drawing. of the original draught all foreigners be
admitted into the competition, and that in so far as
applicable,.unless.it be in all particulars taken to-
embeerviasof
gethrtr decidedly inferior, the draught of a foreigner
be employed in preference."

Mr: Lioei Levi then presented himself. He said
he believed the committee had undertaken a task which
would confer the greatest benefit upon the country
when it should be realized ; but it was one which
could not be accomplished satisfactorily without the
greatest caution, and a full knowledge of all matters
bearing on the subject. A code of commerce should
embrace all the several branches of commercial law
by which the mercantile community, in its various
relations, could be effected. Starting with merchants,
it would be necessary to define what belonged to the
civil law as regarded minors, unmarried females, and
idiots. Then they would have to deal with the law of
partnership ; and here they would have to consider
the different relations of general and private partner-
ship, unlimited liability, and partnership with limited
liability. Again, they must consider the law of gene-
ral contract, and contracts for sales—a subject
which in itself opened a large field for discussion,
inasmuch as the law was widely different in Eng-
land and Scotland. Next, there was the law of
exchange—of principal and agent, including broker-
age and insurance. Then there was the law
of shipping, the law of bankruptcy, and, lastly,
mercantile jurisdiction. A code of commerce should
define the law in all these several branches. In some
points the law was established permanently, but in
others it was changeable with varying circumstances,
and it would be necessary in the code that these
should be divided and kept distinct. It would also
be essential, in dealing with the subject, that they
should conciliate the various interests, and combine
those which were at present permanently opposing.
In bankruptcy again there was a considerable differ-
ence between the English and Scotch law. The Eng-
lish bankrupt law had been the subject of constant
alteration and change, while the Scotch law had been
permanent; and any one who attempted to combine
the mercantile laws of Great Britain into a simple
and compact code must deal with all these points, and
overcome all these obstaclss. The object in which
the society had embarked in this respect was one of
the noblest in which they could engage, for it was
the chief point in all reform of mercantile law, and
would prove to be the readiest means of extending
information upon the subject. Though the commer-
cial law of Great Britain was at present frightfully
confused, it was yet based on sound and solid
principles. Under a mass of heterogeneous materials
it contained the results of profound reflection and
wisdom, deep research, and the principles of a normal
standard for the administration of justice. The first
thing to be done was to extract from these materials
what was the law, and to lay it before the public in a
plain, practical, and intelligible form ; not to frame a
new law, but to bring the law as it was under the
comprehension of every one affected by it. The
proper course would be to depute a person, qualified
and able to grasp the whole subject in all its difficul-
tics and details, to prepare such a project of law, com-
prising under distinct heads the permanent law, that
which was susceptible of modification, and that
wherein the Scotch and English laws differed. This
project should then be forwarded to the various mer-
cantile communities, in order that they might criti-
cise it, and explain the customs in different places, and
the variance that there was from the law as it ap-
peared to be. He would allow six months for the in-
quiry, and would suggest that the Chambers of Com-
merce at Liverpool and Manchester should be re-
quested to investigate the law under its different
heads, as the law of partnership, the law of exchange,
and so on. Then, having obtained the views of
these important bodies, and of the leading mercantile
men of the country, he would propose that their ob-
servations should be compared and considered, and
that where they agreed in support of any point, that
article should be inserted in the code. In this way,
by such gradations, a code of mercantile law might
be formed which would have the concurrence of the
gives:
eae a
Levi
appearedsubject;
whole of the mercantile classes of the kingdom, and
which would then be sufficiently ripe and matured
to be submitted for the sanction of the Legislature.—
(Hear,
in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Birmingham, and be
had addressed hear.)
outline a
meeting
Committees
and in all these places he had found that themercan-
tile
iv li
body were unanimous. i
n by
h Dublini‘i
The
brief d
ra. already
Lyv on i been
the
o
t
give general satisfaction. The chairman expressed
his full concurrence in it, and his belief that it was
perfectly practicable, and concluded by proposing a
vote of thanks to Mr. Levi, which was seconded by
Mr. Paul, and carried unanimously.
THE PANAMA RAILWAY.

ti et dw by y themiles
The following description of the works in progress
on the Isthmus by Captain Abott, of the West India
Mail steamer Thames, will repay perusal :
" Sir,—For theinformation of the directors,ll beg to
inform you that, during the stay of the Royal Mail
steamer Thames at Chagres in September last, I
availed myself of the opportunity offered me by the
wen:ma:a:l
late resident engineer at Navy Bay to visit the works
o therene n
otandw i
tthhset
aPnadni
na mg awhrailroad,ich
,e
Admiralty agent and some of my officers. The day
I selected unfortunately proved a very unfavourable
and a half, or nearly three miles, on the railroad, and
were much gratified to see the progress they had
made, and the systematic manner in which the work
was going on. The rails are laid on piles, very
thickly placed, and apparently very substan-
tial ; a considerable distance is already filled is
round the piles, and under the road, with a sortof earth
much resembling brick-earth, which I should imagine'
would soon bind, and form a fine embankment.
The
navigators were at work at the time we
visited the
road carting this sort of earth from a bank through
which they had made a short cutting; the waggons
were transported by a locomotive engine.
The line,
made in sections.
as you may be aware, is being_romNavy Bay is,
The length completed to runoeo engineer,f three miles,
lam told by Mr. Preston, the
to have the line completed
and he hopes by Christmasofseven miles. From the na-
tureto Gatlin, a distance t e
h y are filling up with between
of the earth thaotncefre that after it had laid for
the piles, I should
dc
got firm, the road will be inde-
pendent little time aid should they in the course of
dent of the piles, even
withpen way or be eaten worms. At present, Mr.
time give
there was not the
Preston assured me slightest ap-
pearance of suhc a thing, and many hundred of piles
had been in the ground since the commencement.
I sbould imagine they had at least 150 men employed
on the section we visited, principally, I think, natives
of Carthagena. The offices and workshops on the
section have every appearance of a system of deter-
mination to get on, and the wharfs made afford great
facilities for landing materials and provisions. While
we were there, a brig of about 450 tons came along-
side the wharf, where she had 20 feet of water, and
although a light breeze was blowing from the north-
ward with a swell i outside, the water was perfectly
still and ~mooch in the bay. I should observe, also,
that we saw passenger carriaa:es, first and second
of a vety superior description, and nicely fitted ;:these
had been sent from America, and were at the station
ready for use at an hour's notice, also several luggage
station."
vans, and another making at the

MUNIFICENT DONATION.----Recently - Gillow,
Esq., a Mexican merchant, visited this town on matters
connected with his mercantile pursuits. In the course of
his stay he presented to a reverend gentleman the sum of
2,0001. for the purpose of building schools for the education
of the poor children of the town.--kiverpool Mercury.