The Sun.
London, England, 1851-05-07 00:00:00

rourtti ''''Olibitiott

SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock.

NAVY ESTIMATES.
Sir F. BARING gave notice that he would move
that the House go into Committee on the Navy Esti-
mates on Monday next, and said he would propose first
the vote respecting allowances to retired captains.
PETI rioNs.
Several petitions were presented against Papal ag-
gression.

Mr. F. MACKENZIE presented a petition from
Itircudbright in favour of the Education Bill for
Scotland.
Mr. W. PATTEN presented a petition from Lan-
cashire against any system of national education which
did not combine religious instruction.
Mr. LOCKHART presented a petition from a place
in Scotland against the admission of Jews into
Parliament.
Mr. FORBES presented a petition from Stirling
against Lord Melgund's Education Bill.
Mr. OSWALD presented a petition to the same effect
from Stirling.
Mr. SCOTT presented a petition in favour of the en-
tire cessation of Post-office labour on Sunday.
AYLESBURY ELECTION.
On the motion of Mr. ROUNDELL PALMER, $
Select Committee was appointed to inquire into the alle-
gations contained in the petitions of Thomas Hugh
Bradford and John S.rutt.
AUDI I' OF RAILWAY ACCOUNTS BILL.
On the motion 'or going into Committee on this Bill,
Mr. LABOUCHERE said that the object of the pre-
sent Bill was to provide an efficient audit of railway ac-
counts for the benefit of railway shareholders, but after
careful consideration of it, he bad come to the conclusion
that the present Bill would not be efficient for that par-
pose, and he thought, had it been 1.,w a few years ago,
it would not have prevented the great excitement
which then existed on this subject. Yet he could nut
deny that there were many provisions in the Bill which
would be of great use, but the principle of it he should
entirely object to. His opinion was that no proper
railway audit could be established except by first placing
the auditors in a situation entirely independent and unin-
fluenced by any parties whstevcr; but he felt quite con-
vinced that if he himself attempted to bring in a Bill which
he should consider efficient, he would never be able to
prevail upon the House to sanction it, so great was the
influence of railway directors in the House. and so in-
different were those who were not connected with rail-
ways, to everything connected with the subject.
Mr. B. DENISON quite agreed with the Right Hon.
Gentleman that this Bill would do no good whatever, and
in fact would create more difficulty than now existed.
In his opinion the Government ought to take up the
question, for none others could carry any Bill that would
be efficient. He should oppose the Bill in ell its stages.
Mr. E. ELLICE, jun., said that it would only be
consistent, if the:flcuse atlopted the principle of this Bill
with regard to railways, they must extend it to all corn- '
panies, banking, assurance, avid of ad kinds whatever.
Mr. LOCKE thought it was a little herd that Hon.
Gentlemen, who had tried their hands unsuccessfully on
Railway Audit Bills, should now cuine forward and do
all they could to thwart those who took the trouble to
prepare the present Bill. He hoped the House, after
affirming its principle, would not now, on the eve of going into Committee, allow these gentlemen to delay
the Bill.
Mr. HUME was ftVense to enything like Government
interference in the affairs of cornP !--nies. Teere was not
the slightest reason fur it; and forhis own part be would
advise Government to have nothing to do with the com-
mercial affairs of private companies, beyond given them
every facility of managing their own affairs in a legal
wanner.
Mr. STANFORD said many persons who originally
purchased their shares at par had been forced, by the
pressure of the timee to sail out at a large saer, fice;
and the majority of the present holders having got in
at great discounts were now receiving very respectable
dividends. Taey therefore did not care much about
this question; but nevertheless, although they were si-
lent upon the subject, they were still opposed to this
Bill, because it involved the whole question of railway
management, whereas it ought to have been confined to
the simple matter of rendering accounts. But what was
there in the spirit of this Bill which could protect the
great body of the shareholders any more than the
t'isting system? Depend upon it, that no independent
audit,vi would ever be obtained until they insisted upon
9.4412,;nw1e auditors who were bond fide share or bondholders,
L, ho were thoroughly be ond the control of the di- rectorepooiriethe managers of Yule company. That was
the
adopt, (al which railway sharebolders should
then they miaht hose to receive
a sure nd
to railway d continuous audit. With regard
be a
every
check bond sho debentures he would suggest that
a_aisin be registered, ands then there would
ing powers. 6 at any company exceeding its borrow-
Mr. W. WILLIAMS re
not been taken up by gretted that this question had
y the Government, for no railway audit
could be efficient Cr • satisfactory, unless it was placed in
totally independent hands tothose cf the directors. The
frauds which the existieg
and the BYstem
had
truly alarming,given rise to were
people who had inycstleTnee bad been that
their ney in rail-
masses of
had well nigh been e
The capital invested
ways .... • brought
i tome . the brink
one-third of the aational
!I railways was
of ruin.
now equal to
the public had cot the remotest protection debt, and
on against the
malversation of the directors. How was it that
use
stock was at so large a viscount? Why, aialpi railway
era
the public had no confidence in the managen! °I
of the
accounts, and he therefore called upon the Government
to take the matter up
at once.
Air. CHAPLIN said,
been
bad this simply an audit
Bill he should not have said a single word on this oeca.
sibs; but it embraced a variety of other topics, and If it
Passed railways would be placed under an entirely
irresponsible management. Legislative meddling to,
railway affairs had seriously injured the putlic;
for, had the
Legislature abstained from fcrcing its er.
roneous views
upon railway companies, ail classes of
passengers would be trivet: l Jru fur more comfortably
and far more cheaply
than they
at the present
g were .
time. He, therefore, entreated the House to leave railway
directors alone, and allow them to do what
taught them vela best for the of their
shareholders,experience
as
Well
theas
sscouring interest,
,eilino,
interest of the ir`r
~,, be
public. He moved, us 4
Six months
n amendment, that the born
committed this dey
intr. EWART supported the
the notion of handing over Bill, and protested against
thoef
aauditing of private ac-
counts to the tender mercies
Government official.
and it wo
The Bill had this adva.ntage at leenei'
laity' et it went upon the
representative principle,
therefore place the
audit direct- in twos hands of the sharehelders th I
Mr. HEALD
.at a loss to uLderstund whatemsf
;ye:.
anybody had to tell hio,,as, a railway
proprietor, he was
411 L OWLS affairs
incompetent to manage • It ryas imperti-
nent to take up such a tone, End he hoped the Rouse Would
think so too; for the future prosperity of railway coal.
panies depended upon being let alone, and left to the
care of their own immediate managers, who were elected
by the shareholders.
Captain HARRIS said, if the House of the
'country wanted any additional proof of the
inefficiency of the Government, it would be foxnd in
the fact that they had neglected to introduce a Bill on
this important subject. In many respzets he approved
of the present Bill, but be would rather see it in She hands
of the Government than a private Member.

VICE-CHANCERY.—(THIS DAY.)
(Before Lord CRANWORTR.)
THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL V. HARDY.
This was a motion argued before his Lordship in the
present term to prevent the trustees of two chapels,
called the Old and New Chapels, at Holt, in Norfolk,
from permitting them to be disposed of or used ad-
Tersely to the provisions of the deeds under which they,
had been established; and also from claiming to act fur-
ther as trustees of the new chapel under the deed of
1837. The present motion arose o'it of the recent
schism in the Wesleyan body. In July, 1814, a deed
was executed between Messrs. Hardy, Curteis, and
Johnson, as trustees for the general body of Methodists,
by which deed the trustees were empowered to
mortgage an old chapel at Holt, and in 1833
a further arrangement was come to, by which Mr.
Hardy, who was treasurer of the chapel, agreed to re-
duce his mortgage debt to a sum of 350/, In 1837 the
Wesleyan body having greatly increased in number, a
larger chapel became necessary, and accordingly one was
erected at Holt; and by a deed dated October of that
year, the chapel and the land on which it was built was
conveyed to trustees, and the effect of this arrangement
eventually was, that Mr. Hardy became entitled to a mort-
gage upon the new chapel to the amount of 600/., in addi-
tion to his mortgage of 200/. upon the old chapel. In
1842 Mr. Hardy died, and by his will Cozens Hardy
became his executor, and entitled to the mortgages. In
1849 the schism broke out among the members of the
Wesleyan body, and extended itself to the Holt district.
Mr. Cozens Hardy, wko is a gentleman of fortune and
a country magistrate, sympathised with the three
ministers expelled, and agitated, as it was called, the
Wesleyan body in their favour. After some contro-
versy, the Conterence proceeded, under the rules of the
society, to expel Mr. Hardy, and Mr. Coleman, who
was also a trustee of the old chard. In May, 1850, Mr.
Cozens Hardy, as executor of Mr. W. Hardy,
Mr. Curteis, one of the trustees of the old applied to
chapel, for
payment of the sum of 200/., duo on the mortgage,
intimating that if the amount were not paid he should
resort to legal proceedings. Accordingly in May,
1850, the chapel was advertised fur sale. In the Oc-
tober following an angry correspondence took place
between lir. Hardy and the Rev. Mr. Worker, who
is the superintendent preacher of the circuit. Even-
tually the old chapel was Pot up for sale, and knocked
down to a Mr. George Turner for 200/.; and about the
same time Mr. Hill, one of the defendants, took an as-
signmont of Mr. ll,A.ciy's mortgage on the new
chapel for a sum of cool. These The
billare li
saubesateadnttihaalltymthre.
facts contained in the case.
Hardy and the surviving trustees of the old chapel had
been expelled from the Wesleyan body, and that he and
others were using their influence adversely to the inter- '
eats of Methodism, and that they had improperly sold
the old chapel. Tae bill also alleged that the transac-
. tion between Mr. Hill and Mr. Hardy was only colour-
able, and the plaintiffs by this motion asked to restrain
the sale of the chapel, and the continuance of the defen-
dants in office as trustees.
His LORDSHIP this aiming gave jadgment, and ai.er
going through the filets of the case at some length, dis-
missed the bill.
IMPERIAL _PARLIAMENT.
(THIS DAY.)
HOUSE OE COMMONS.
The SPEAZER took the Chair at a few minutes pas
Twelve o'clock.

Mr. LABOUCHERE said, upon various occasions he
had ventured to introduce a measure upon this subject,
but heewaa always opposed, as well by his own friends
as by Hon. Gentlemen opposite; and however efficient in
strength a Government might be, he should ever de-
spair of the Board of Trade being able to carry such a
measure as this. He should support the motion for going
into Committee.
Colonel SIBTHORP would give his consent to any
measure which would oblige railway companies to make
compensation for the accidents which occurred on their
lines. In his opinion the whole system of railways was
founded on injustice and spoliation.
Mr. 0. RICARDO had no objection to the
principle cf
the Bill, because he was favourable to the establishment
of an ample railway audit, but he reserved to himself
the right of canvassing the details in Committee.
After a few words from Mr. PACIE and Mr. W.
EVANS, the House divided, when there appeared—
For going into Committee ••• 72
Against it... --• 49
Majority ... •
TheBEHRNoAuL in thesethen chair.went
into Committee on the Bill.
Mr.
On clause I being proposed,
following clause in place of that containedtothe
stiintuttbioen.Boifmt_he
"That notwithstanding anything con
or to rat
nfr
om extraordinary
toa e tto
t generalme tbe
con-
trary in any com-
pany,Actiwrealyateinogmptoanaiespairaticguelanrerraziliwtasyballbei
e determineom p
meeting assembled lawful for any railwaybled to
an
method of selecting auditors of the accounts of that com-
pany, and the qualification of such auditors, their re-
muneration,
and their duration in office; and also from
time to time to determine the method of auditing the ac•
counts of that company; and whether any and what per.
sons shall be employed for the purpose of investi-
gating the said accounts in aid of the auditors of that
company; and whether the audit thereof shall be con-
tinuous or occasional; and what publicity shall be given
to the said accounts; and what access shall be allowed
to all or any of the books in which the same are con-
tained, or to the registers of proprietors and of trans-
fers; and whether copies of all or any of such docu-
ments, er abstracts thereof, shall be periodically or oc-
casionally circulated amongst the shareholders."
The CHAIRMAN wished to remind the Committee
that by proposing the substitution of a new clause, the
Hon. Member was evading the rule of the Committee,
which required that new matter should be introduced
at the end of the Bill.
After a short discussion the amendment was negatived
without a division on the understanding that it should
be brought up afterwards.
After considerable discussion, in which Mr. Spooner,
Mr. Ricardo, Mr. E. Ellice, and Mr. Waddington, opposed
the clause, and Mr. Mowatt, Mr. L. Heyworth, Mr.
.Hume, and Mr. Locke supported it,
The House divided, when there appeared—
For the clause ••• SI
Against it ... ,„ 60

Majority ...
The clause was then agreed to.
Clauses 2,3, 4,5, were then agreed to.
Clause 6 gave rise to some discussion. It provided
;hat directors should only vote in their own right, and
t was contended that this would prevent a director from
voting with a proxy.
Mr. RICARDO explained that it very frequently hap-
pened that shareholders at a distance sent the directors
their proxies to vote on particular questions connected
with the railway, but if this clause were passed as it
stood it would altogether prevent that.
Mr. LOCKE said the object of the clause was simply
to preclude a director from voting in respect of shares
which he held as trustee for the company.
Mr. RICARDO proposed that an addition should be
made to this clause to render it clear upon that point,
and after some conversation the proposal was adopted.
The clause, as amended, was agreed to, as was also I
clause 7.
Oa clause 8 being proposed,
Mr. H. BIi3OWN moved, in page 4, line 28, after the
word " investigation," add " and shall make a special
report as to any increase of capital which may have
been made since the then last previous audit, and how
such increase has arisen, and particularly whether
such increase has arisen in works or plant, and whether
the same was contracted for under competition, or how
otherwise such increase may have been created."
There was no objection to this amendment, and it was,
therefore, agreed to.
Mr. H. BROWN then moved, in line 40, after the
word " line," to add the following words: " and also
that such auditors shall require to be produced to them,
once at least in every year, all bills of costs for charges
in law, equity, conveyancing, and Parliament, and that
the said auditors shall have full power and authority, if
they shall think fit, to employ some competent person
or persons to examine and report to them upon the
charges ix such bills of costs, and also to tax the same
before the proper authorities."
Mr. SPOONER objected to all the words after the
word " and also."
Mr. LOCKE also resisted that !part of the amend-
ment, and appealed to thellon.Mover to withdraw these
objectionable words.
Mr. LABOUCHERE was disposed to support the
amendment as it stood, believing that it was of the ut-
most importance to check the legal expenditure of rail-
way cow eanies as much as possible.
Mr. HUME also supported the clause as it stood.
Mr. H. BRO WN, in order to show the necessity for
this clause, mentioned a fact that had recently come to
his knowledge. A solicitor sent in a bill to a railway
company with which ho was connected, claiming a ba-
lance on his account of 20,7791., but on taxation the
amount was reduced 8,3371., while upon investigation he
found that of the latter sum only fitteen seven-eighths
Was for money out of pocket.— (Hear, and laughtor.)
After some further discussion the gallery was cleared
for a division, but none took place, and on our return
we found the discussion still going on.
An amendment was then moved by Mr. SPOONER,
that the clause of which he had given notice should be
passed.

•• • -21

Atter several observations the House divided, but the
motion was negatived.
A variety of clauses were afterwards gone through;
some discussion took place, but after some explanations
from Mr. BERNAL they were negatived, and the Bill
went through Committee.
AUDIT OF RAILWAY ACCOUNTS BILL.
On this Bill gring into committee a discussion ensued
respecting the accounts presented at the half-yearly
meetings, during which
Mr. HUME proposed en amendment with a view to
have the supervision of the House.
Mr. WILSON said that the eleventh clause was evi-
dandy tyrannical, and gave a power to tee Directors
which we.s plainly uncoastitutional, and he should there-
fore oppose the motion.
Mr. LAUOUCLIERE would not venture to say whe-
ther any arrangement of auditors should take place or
not, but this he would say, that transactions had con-
tinually been taking place of which public officers ought
only to be cognizant; public officers ought to be rp-
pointed—for unles, that was done there could be no se-
curity for the public.
BECKET DENISON said that if this clause
was passed, there would be an end to the power of the
directors. The fact would be, that the reports sub-
mitted to, the shareholders would be the report of the
Government auditors and not of the effector..
;?_,Mr. J. LOCKE thought that, us the Honourable
Member for the West Riding had suggested, this
clause had better be left out than in; he was, there-
fore, desirous that the Chairman should report progress,
and that the House should sit again.
Mr. LABOUCHERE said that this was not a public,
Bill, and as there was much public business before the
House, that the better plan would be to postpone the
Bill, as the Hon. Member for Honiton had proposed.
After some conversation, in which Mr. BECKET
DENISON took part, that course was pursued, and the
Bill wee adjourned until to-morrow.
HIGHWAYS (SOUTH WALES) BILL.
This Bill passed through Committee.
LODGING-HOUSES BILL.
After some convertestion this Bill passed through
Committee.
The other orders of the day were disposed of, the
Sale of Arsenic Bill being postponed till Friday.
MILITARY MEDALS.
Sir G. PECHELL said that he wished to draw the
attention of the House and of the Government to
the case of the military and naval officers
who had been engaged in great naval operations. It
was evident that in the cases of Sir Graham Moore and
Sir John Moore nothing had been done. What did
they require? Simply that the men should do their
duty, but thought little of the advantage which the
country would obtain from the conduct of the men.
In the action of Admiral Rodney, the senior officer had
not, as was usual, in such cases, been promoted.
He should therefore move for the return of the letter
and of the medals which had been granted Sir Graham
Moore.
Mr. FORDYCE having seconded the motion, the
return was ordered.

ADVERTISING VANS.
Colon(' SIBTHORE-1 complained of the grevious
inconvenience suffered by the public by these
conveyances, and thought that private individuals, to
say nothing of Members of Parliament, ought to be pro-
tected from this evil. If the law was not sufficient, it
ought to be made so. He wished for a return of the
itlm ierneoefatvhccaien
those valuable facts which had reference to
li:;i renloGet n'a
tiGaiellltEtaoYblesoafid that the return for which the
r• and Gallant Member had moved had already been
that he might re blame,tll the
nand would House.
a l d Forhe happyw nt
o part,furnish h a
Gallant Member with any information
Colonel q`ure•—(Rear, hear.)
shheould believedther e
ftuhraet
6lBTlloltPiuivd that the Act was vague, and
Int
for
_. rmation was vague,
day. . . . new information onaafnudtuhree

adjourrAd at Sixinnss o'clock. been disposed of, the House
The other bus I aving

a -dressed from
late Mr.
.a—ppoliVnte-
37relati% to THE STIPENDIARY BENCII Li
understand that a communication has been rot:Le
the Town-hall to Sir George Gre
ment of a stipenLiary magistrate to succeed)
Rushton. We believe a reply has since been received
the Home-office, to the effect—first, that no decisiZedeafftm
announced until the corporate authorities have agreed-„- '-'e
the amount of salary to be attached to the post; andPn
se-
condly, that on receiving information on that point, Si
George will nominate a gentleman of the bar most efficient
for the office. We are informed that the corporation do not
intendd to give more tuan 1,200/. salary, and that Sir George
desires to appoint Mr. Henry.—Liverpool Albion.

- -
METROPOLITAN RAILWAYS JUNCTION.—Yesterday
'colsnliicrour Master Kindersley proceeded with the further
the names
of the list of provisional committee, expunging
s of Dr. Marsden, Air. Addis, and ethers, for want of
conclusiPe evidence.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
Oa Tuesday, April 29, (Wm. Cubitt, Esq., President,
in the chair), previous to the ordinary meeting, Mr.
Joseph Whitworth (Manchester) exhibited, in the
Library, a new measuring machine, for determining
minute differences of length. The accuracy of the ma-
chine was demonstrated by placing in it a standard yard
measure, made of a bar of steel, about three quarters of
an inch tquare, having both the ends rendered perfectly
true. One end of the bar was then placed in contact
with the face of the machine, and at the other end, be-
t Keen it and the other face of the machine, was inter-
posed a small flat piece of steel, termed by the experi-
menter " the contact piece," whose aides were also ren-
dered perfectly true and parallel. Each division on the
micrometer represented the one-millioneth part of an
inch, and each time the micrometer was moved only one
division forward, the experimenter raised the contact
piece, allowing it to descend across the end of the bar
by its own gravity only. This was repeated until the
closer approximation of the surfaces prevented the con-
tact piece from descending, when the measure was com-
pleted, and the number on the micrometer represented
the dead length of the standard bar to the one millionth
part of an inch.
Eight repetitions of the experiment in a quarter of an
hour produced identical results, there not being in any
case a variation of one millionth of an inch.
This method of operating was termed " the system of
proof by the contact of perfectly true surfaces and gra-
vity;" and in connexion with it was shown another in-
terestieg, experiment.
When the micrometer was up within one division of
the number where contact would be presumed to occur,
the application of the finger to the centre of the steel
bar sufficed to expand and lengthen it instantaneously,
so as to prevent the descent of the "contact piece."
The other method of proof was by having a small
simple battery composed or a piece of zinc soldered on
to a piece of copper and plunged into rain water, with-
out the admixture of any acid; this was connected with
the two ends of the measuring machine, and also with a
delicate galvanometer. On pursuing the same process of
advancing the micrometer, one division at a time, no
effect was produced, until the last millionth of an inch
of distance was traversed and absolute contact occurred
with the end of the bar, when the deflexion of the
needle of the galvanometer instantly detected the move-
ment. Repeated experiments showed this to be unerr-
ing in the result, and on placing the finger on the middle
of the bar, under the same circumstances as in the other
course of experiments, the expansion was instantly de-
tected by the deflexion of the galvanometer needle.
The delicacy of these experiments was so great as to
preclude the possibilty of making them in a crowd, or
in a room with a varying temperature, therefore, al-
though the machine was destined for the National Ex-
hibition, its merits could not be appre elated or exhibited
there; it was announced, however, that probably another
opportunity would be afforded by Mr. Whitworth for the
exhibition of this beautiful instrument, whose results
were calculated to make great modifications in the cal-
culations of the changes of volumes of metals and other
substances under variation of temperature.
The paper read was "On the Demonstration of the
Rotation of the Earth, by means of Two Pendulums,"
by Mr. Ilomershani Cox, B.A.
The demonstration of the rotation of the earth was
usually made to depend on phenomena presented by the
appearance of the heavens. Two mechanical experi-
reente had, however, long been known, which demon-
strated the fact that the earth revolved—the one, the
d by Newton, consisted in
which, by the diur-
aretardation of the pendulum by centrifugal force, a
tqatinesattihoenr.di%is.hcuinshsedwabsysuNgge
e wsttoen, Huygens, and others;
haabtatl a,
the eastward.
l
ndrol
The experiment had hitherto been performed with one
pmpointigon fr ,
om
was a
movedgrea theightsomew
pendulum, but in the present instance free pendulums
were used, and were suspended at a sufficient distance
apart to allow of the free vibration of each. The
weights were held together by a thread, which on being
burned released them, so that they were set vibrating,
initially, in the same vertical plane; consequently to the
eye of en
observer situated in that plane the two pendu-
lum wires appeared co-incident, one of them covering,
or eclipsing the other. In a short time, however, the
course of the two pendulums visibly altered. As their
planes of oscillation appeared to revolve the same way
on the earth's surface, the wires no longer covered each

o: her, but appealed to separate and alternately to cross
each other.

The advantages of this mode of operating were, first,
the rapidity with which the deviation of the pendulums
Was manifested; for as their planes revolved in the same
apparent direction, their arcs diverged from tech other
twice as fast as tither from its initial position; and,
secondly, the apparent crossing and recrossing of the
preeinearureludutlo
eax planeperim entso
sires ccaistituted, to the naked eye, a much more dis-
innoictitoand palpable test of the result than the apparent
Thenbeneathcc
uopnieedp esnodluolnugm
a.
that it was New m,_, necessary to postpone the paper " On some
'n4l:flea' Application of Vulcanised aunt-
un C
chouc," by kir. Bperiod
• rockedon ,until the next meeting, on ;
Tuesday evening, May 6th, when. Mr. ,Lealio'a paper