The Sun.
London, England, 1833-02-01 00:00:00

NEW PRINTING MACHINE.

We have been much gratified by seeing a small print-
ing machine, on an entirely new principle, lately in-
vented by Mr. J. Bogle, of Perth. In rapidity of action
it is equal to Cooper's machine, and so easily worked,
that a boy may drive it with one hand. One person can
work it, but more may be employed with equal facility,
according to the hurry of the job• The machinery is
constructed in such a way as to distribute the ink on the
rollers, ink the types, take in the sheet, print it, and
deliver it, at one and the same instant of time. It is
perfectly at the command of the workman, and keeps a
record of the work it executes, so that a workman is
saved even the trouble of counting his paper. This ma-
chine has not a single wheel about it ; the contrivance
for taking in and delivering the sheets is very ingenious—
the only mystery being, that such correct results are pro-
duced by so simple and apparently inadequate means.
It prints every variety of work with the utmost facility ;
produces a clear and beautiful impression, of a uniform
colour, and altogether equal to anything that can be done
by any press; prints correct register, requires no slip or
blotting sheets, and in long numbers, the impression is as
clean in the last sheet as in the first. It also possesses the
recommendation of working silently, and occupying less
room than a common press, while it is much more cleanly.
Ia a run of similar work the forme can be adjusted on the
machine in one minute, and in every case the types are
easily adjusted and as readily get at, in case of alterations,
as on the common press. Although there is a great deal
of brass and iron-work in the construction of the machine,
the inventor, who is a joiner, has executed every part of
it himself--a task, the difficulty of which can only be
known to those who are aware of the correct machinery
required in printing.—Perth Advertiser.

FACTORIES' LABOUR REGULATION

BILL.

MINUTES of EVIDENCE takenbefore the COMMITTEE of

the HOUSE of COMMONS.

BIENJ AMIN Bita.osHAw's Examination (abridged).
Where do you reside ?—I reside at the bottom
of Holbeck Moor, near Leeds.
What is your business at present ?—I am a chub-
dresser.

Have you a family ?—Yes.
Have some of your children worked in mills and
factories ?—Yes, a few have : not all of them.
At how early an age did your eldest child go to
the factory ?—I am only the stepfather to some of
them, so that I cannot exactly tell.
What have been the usual hours of working to
which they were subjected ?—They have varied
according to times, according to trade; but I have
known them for years together to go at five o'clock
in the morning and work till nine at night in the
woollen department, and sometimes longer than
that ; but I have known that for years together.
When my eldest boy (my own; I have two of my
own) went to work in the mill, he was a little turned
seven years of age, and he got a blow in the mill,
with the billy-roller, upon his loins, so that he has
never been able to retain his urine for any length of
time since. _ _

Is it your opinion, from having several children
working in mills, that much of the cruelty of treat-
ment that is inflicted upon them results from the
over-labour which they endure ?—Reason dictate.
that when the children go to the mill at 5 in the
morning, and work to 10 at night, they are almost
stupid with labour; and I know it from observation,
because when I was working for Mr. Rosin, in the
room underneath where I worked, frequently, from
7 to 8 o'clock at night, you might have heard the
cries of children that would have touched a heart of
stone.
The beating was then going on so constantly ?
Yes.
What did they beat them principally with in that
mill ?—With a strap; a sort of a leathern belt.
Is that capable of inflicting a very serious hurt ;
are the children much hurt, and sometimes injured
by it ?—Yes ; and I have had my own children
come home beat with those things so severely that
it was hardly possible to tell the original colour of
their backs.
Did they beat girls as well as boys in that man-
ner ?—Yes.
And sometimes for very trifling offences ?—Yes;
I have known a girl of mine very severely beaten
for going to the privy.
Do you happen to know whether in some esta-
blishments they are limited as to the number of times
they may be absent for the purposes of nature ?
Yes, I do.
And if they exceed those times, as in the in-
stance of this girl, are they severely beaten ?
Yes, they are.
Do you know any other instances of the oppres•

for dressing cloth was introduced, and I
quently been an eye-witness to the unhappy
stances under which children have to labour,throuk,
the factory system, particularly as it has been lately
carried on. As to the ignorance attending it, I and
another friend of mine were visiting round the top of
Hunslet, among the families, and the general cry
was that it was high time to put a stop to it. Of
700 on whom we called there were no more than
17 that could write their own names, and the reason
why they could not was because they had beers
brought up in the factories, and never had had an
opportunity of learning.
When you remonstrated regarding the abuse of
your daughter-in-law was the overlooker discharged ?
—No, the overlooker was not discharged ; but the
Saturday night following my children wore all dis-
charged. What was the reason of it Ido not know.
I met the overlooker a short time afterwards, and be
asked me whether I was going to send my children
back again. I told him I should not; that we
him,d
is ead "If
eytot us
hwaillli taah -
swuor
en l dm
et truth sat t i
tnh
eG
rn.
ightt
yo l
children come back ; but as long as the Lord liveth
I will trust in him, however poor, and never let
them come back to work again in that situation."
You preferred to submit to anything rather than
that your children should be so used and degraded ?
—Yes ' • they went at about half-past 5 o'clock, and
they hed no time to get their breakfast or tea; anti
hey had only 40 minutes for dinner.
Were your children withdrawn by yourself ?
They were discharged.
Can your children write?—No; I have always been
sorry that I could not teach them myself, and I hate
not had the privilege of putting them to school.
They have gone to a Sunday school ;, and before the
Methodists changed their system of teaching writing
on the Lord's Day, they might have learnt writing
at the Methodist Sunday schools. This causes me
to feel more deeply as a parent, because I could not
teach my children either to read or write, they being
thus confined in the factories.
You say you have been in the scribbling depart.
ment ?—Yes.
Do you consider the labour of children severe in
that department ?—lt certainly is.
And too long continued to be consistent with
their strength or health ?—Yes.
You have already stated that the children had no
opportunity of going to night-schools ?—No, they
had not.
And are the Sunday schools available for the pur-
pose of their education ?—ln consequence of their
excessive fatigue, even on the Sunday, after such a
week's labour, they are not ; and a great many can-
not get to the Sunday school for want of clothes to
go in.
And are not others of them too much fatigued ?
—Yes ; and they will lie a-bed till 12 o'clock at
noon. And my own children, though I always en-
deavour to preserve economical and proper arrange-
ments in my own family, have on Sunday morning
begged to lie in bed an hour or two later, and I have
been forced to grant it. Common feeling dictated
it to me.
You say that the labour has become more severe
of late years than it waa formerly ?—Yes.
Have there not been great improvements in the
machinery ?—There have been improvements in the
machinery, no doubt, and great improvements.
Is the tendency of improvements in machinery to
lessen or increase manual labour ?—lt is to lessen
the manual labour of men, and to increase infant

labour.
That is, to enable a child to do the work of a
man ?—Yes, it is the case.
Are children, therefore, often at work when their
parents are out of work ?—I know it to my sorrow.
The Rev. A. L. GORDON'S Examination.
Is this the general impression of the ministers of
religion in the large city of Aberdeen ?—I have a
document in my hand, signed by the whole of the
clergy of Aberdeen, with two exceptions, and they
were at the General Assembly at the time; there
are the names of 29 clergymen attached to it, the
whole of the Ministers of the Established Church,
with the above exceptions, the Roman Catholic
Priest, and Dissenting Clergy in the city.
Have the goodness to read it.
4. We, the undersigned Ministers of the Gospel in the
city of Aberdeen and its vicinity, do hereby express our
approbation of the Bill introduced into Parliament by M.
T. Sadler, Esq., for ameliorating the condition of the
working classes in manufacturing establishments, in as far
as said Bill proposes to prevent the employment in mills
or factories of children under the age of nine years, and to
limit the hours of actual labour for youth under 18 years
of age to 10 hours a day, that is, allowing the usual
and necessary two hours for refreshment and rest, from
six o'clock a. m., to six o'clock p. m. We are in-
duced thus to record our sentiments, because we can-
not, as Christian Clergymen, give sanction to a system
such as now prevails ; a system by which tender
infants are subjected to labour beyond their strength
in a polluted atmosphere, and that too for a longer
daily period than the adult felon or the West India
slave. We are further convinced, from our cletical ex-
perience, that the present long confinement of young per-
sons in mills and factories is prejudicial to their morals,
inasmuch as religious instruction cannot be adequately ob-
tained ; to their mental culture, inasmuch as no regular
system of education can be pursued ; to their health, inas-
much as constitutional debility and disease are entailed.
Given at Aberdeen this 25th day of May, 1332.
James Kidd, D.D., Minister of Gilcomaton Chapel, &c.
James Foote, A.M., Minister of the East Parish of Aber-
deen.
W. Skinner, D.D., Minister of St. Andrew's Chapel,
King-street.
John Murray, M.A., Minister of No. th Parish, Aberdeen.
David Simpson, M.A., Minister of Trinity Chapel.
Alexander Thomson, Minister of George-street Chapel.
James Stirling, Minister of George-street Church.
Hugh M'Kenzie, Minister of Gaelic Chapel.
SamNel M'Millan, Minister of the Relief Church, St.
Andrew's-street,
Thomas Cocking, Minister of Long-acre Cbapel.
Gavin Parker, Minister of Union-terrace Chapel.
James Templeton, Minister, Belmont-street United Seces-
sion Church.
Charles Gordon, Roman Catholic Clergyman.
John Atkin, Minister of Skere-terrace Chapel.
William Primrose, Minister of Nether Kirkgate Chapel.
W. Browning, jun., Minister of St. Andrew's Chapel,
King-street.
Walter Graham, Minister, late of Forgot.
J. Chryne, Minister of St. John's Chapel.
James Spence, A.M., Minister of Blackfriar's-at. Chapel.
John Brown, A.M., Cantab., Minister of St. Paul's Epis-
' copal Chapel.
James Cordiner, A.M., Minister of St. Paul's Episcopal

Chapel.
George Douglas, Minister of Long-acre Chapel.
J Thomas, M.D., Minister of St. Clement's Parish.
Richard Penman, Minister of Frederick-street Chapel.
Henry Angus, Minister of the United Secession Church,
St. Nicholas-lane.
Hugh Hart, Minister of the United Christian Church,
Sbip.row.
Robert Smith, Minister of Old Macha.
Thomas Pottinger, Minister of John-street Chapel.
Abercrombie L. Gordon, Minister of Greyfriar's Parish,
Aberdeen."
That paper has received your signature ?—Yes.
And you adopt the sentiments of it ?—Yes, I do

DEATH FROM STARVATION AND COLD.
—Yesterday an inquest was held at the Feathers, Dean-
street, Westminster, on the body of a young man, name
unknown. He resided at one time in Old Pye-street, and
tried to pick up a livelihood by cutting pieces of turf in
the fields, and selling them for skylarks. The frozen
state of the ground cut off this employment, and he sold
the shirt off his back to buy a loaf. The next day ha
complained of chilliness and trembling of the heart. On
Sunday be crawled to the workhouse, and the next morn-
ing was found dead. An old pauper, aged 80, said no
medical man was sent to him, and the groans of the poor
fellow during the night were heart-rending. N° one
came to visit the ward. The nurse explained this by
she mad or La-
said h otuhgeh
deceased
e the
c eased deceased
bouring under the influence of liquor. Mr. OLLIER,
saying, that
parish surgeon,at
[ion of the lungs, brought on by exposure to the cold an l
of God.
want of proper Verdict... Died by the Visitatio diet. bsddireditrrhoewr