The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-07 00:00:00

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

IRELAND.—LABOUR AND CAPITAL.
(From the Derbyshire Courier.)
Let us suppose a newly discovered gold -producing
district in Australia, with a sufficient population in its
neighbourhood to extract its mineral riches. Here,
then, is gold and man. What is wanted to enable
man to possess himself of the all-coveted treasure ?
Capital. Before the man can realise the riches
spread out to his view, it is necessary that from
former accumulation he should be provided with food
to support himself while engaged in labouring, the
means of erecting habitations and workshops, and the
implements and machinery requisite for carrying on
his work. The savage when his immediate wants are
satisfied desists from labour, and as he never accumu-
lates, he has no resources at command to enable him
to create and multiply wealth. He may inhabit a
country rich in gold, copper, and iron, with land fer-
tile under cultivation, and capable of bestowing on its
inhabitants all the comforts and luxuries of existence;
but its mineral treasures supply him only with a few
barbaric ornaments, and he draws from its fruitful soil
only a bare sufficiency of the necessaries of life. But
as civilization advances, and capital accumulates, the
power which man obtains of availing himself of the
resources of the material world proportionably in-
creases. The wealth of the remotest regions of the
earth is appropriated by the application of the accu-
mulated capital of the Old World. English wealth
will draw forth the gold of Australia. Now, with-
out adopting the glowing sentiments of Irish patriots
as to the fertility and capabilities of their country, it
is impossible not to perceive that we have in Ireland
a mine of unexplored wealth lying close to our shores.
We say, making every abatement for over-statement
and over-appreciation, that Ireland is capable of be-
coming a most valuable portion of the United King-
dom—a contributor, in every sense, to the national
wealth and greatness. We have referred on a pre-
vious occasion to the means which are now in opera-
tion for improving the moral, religious, and social
character of the people—means which, in the opinion
of the best informed persons, are rapidly becoming
effectual. We now beg leave to invite attention
to the methods by which the industrious energies
of the people have been, and may be, called
out. Steam navigation and railway commu-
nication have produced, and are producing,
most beneficial results. They provide a market
for Irish produce of every kind. Ask a peasant in
Antrim or Tipperary what be does with his pig or
his poultry, and he will tell you that everything which
he can produce is collected by persons who make it
their business to go round the country, to be taken to
Belfast or Cork, and shipped off for the Liverpool or
London market. Every small farmer and cottager
has a ready market and a better price for his commo-
dities than he had a few years ago. Even with
present prices a large and increasing provision trade
with England is being at this moment transacted.
But there is another cause which has been silently at
work to improve the state of Ireland. The country,
we have said, possesses undoubted sources of undeve-
loped wealth. It has a people, also, who can and
will work when fairly remunerated for their labour.
At this time in county Cork, one of the best agricul-
tural counties in Ireland, the wages of an able-bodied
labourer are 6d. or Bd. a day-3s. or 4s. a week. Has
a man spirit to work, or can he procure sufficient
food to enable him to labour efficiently with such
wages ? There are, then, in Ireland, land and labour
—the sources of national wealth. What is wanted
to develope them ? Capital. And this is the general
outcry throughout Ireland—"We want capital !"
Now England is overflowing with unemployed
capital. Three and a half per cent., the Times tells
us, is, and is to he, the average annual value of capital
in this country. There are reasons—we believe that
they are, happily, rapidly on the decline—why En-
glish Protestants should not transplant themselves to
Irish soil. But there can he no reason why, if a fair
remuneration be secured, capital should not flow from
this to the sister country. And such we affirm has
been the case, and would have been to a much greater
extent, but for unwise legislation on the subject of
the circulating medium which injuriously retarded
the application of English capital to the wants of
Ireland. It is now between twenty and thirty years
since a system of banking,. similar in many respects
to that of Scotland, was introduced into Ireland.
Several of those who took the warmest interest in car-
rying this object into effect were men who, though
differing most widely on political subjects, believed
that a good monetary system would do more for Ire-
land than anything else. Such were Matthias
Attwood and Daniel O'Connell, who, joined
with many of Ireland's best and most en-
lightened friends, promoted energetically and
successfully the establishment of those two
great banking companies—the Irish Provincial
and National Banks. The beneficial effects of the
system thus introduced began immediately to dis-
cover themselves. The condition of the small farmer
in Ireland was, before these banks became engaged in
the distribution of English capital, most dishearten-
ing. Poverty suppressed all his energies. His land
was but half cultivated, for he had no money to em-
ploy labour. His crops were hurried to market the
moment they were reaped, and were not unfrequently
seized by the landlord for rent while on the ground.
He was too poor to stock his land; his green crops
were often cut, carted to a distant market town, and
sold for what they would fetch, because he could not
raise the means to buy a few sheep or a cow to con-
sume them. If a favourable opportunity—of which
every English farmer so well knows the advantage—
presented itself of purchasing a little additional stock
in a favourable season, or of withholding his wheat
when the market was glutted with produce, and he
was induced to endeavour to borrow a small sum till
his real money, his flock or his corn, could be con-
verted into money of the realm, the terms upon which
alone such accommodation would be procured
from the money-lender of his market town were most
usurious. The usual terms, including expenses,
were
20 per cent., Now the new banks, the representa-
tives of English capital, rendered most important
services to a class of men who stood most in need of
assistance, and deserved it most. They lent to far-
mers, of whose good character and conduct they
were assured, at moderate interest, small sums, from
as low a sum as 10/. upwards. And competent wit-
nesses, of all creeds and parties, have assured us,
that from the judicious assistance thus rendered, the
face of whole agricultural districts in Ireland became
in a few years entirely changed—the land became
better cultivated, drained and stocked ; and, more-
over,
the moral condition of the people was improved.
The poor farmer formerly saw nothing before him but
a life of inevitable penury and hardship. He now
had hopo of bettering his condition. And with hope
energy arose, and salt-respect took the place of reckless
despondency. Becoming a happier, he became a bet-
ter man. Thousands in Ireland can vouch for the
truth of what we say. Upon this successful attempt
to raise the state of a people the effecct of Peel's Bill
of 1844 fell like a withering blight. The harvest and
potato crop of 1846 failed. A few millions of gold
were exported to pay our foreign baker's bill, and
then succeeded that dreadful artificial dearth of money,
by which all the industrious energies of the United
Kingdom were paralysed. The Irish bankers were
forced to refuse assistance to the people just at the
very time when they wanted it most. The circulation
of the Irish banks of issue in 1846 was 7,800,0001.,
and in May, 1847, it was 4,800,0001., "being a dimi-
nution," says the Manager of the Provincial Bank of
Ireland to the Committee of the House of Lords on the
commercial distress of 1847, " of no less than 3,000,0001.
of bank-notes in such a poor country as Ireland."
Yes ! it England, with its almost unbounded wealth,
was brought to the very verge of ruin by the effects
of the disastrous and mistaken monetary policy of
Sir Robert Peel, in 1847, what must have been the
effects produced in a country so poor as Ireland ?
The House of Lords' Committee reported that Peel's
Bill of 1848 " materially aggravated" the panic, and
we have no hesitation in saying that the operation of
that statute " materially aggravated" the direful
effects of the Irish famine. Providence took away
a large portion of the nations food; the hand of
man withdrew the means of supplying the defi-
ciency. And we speak the opinion of sensible,
practical men—men who d o not profess to under-
stand the currency question—when we say that
the banking operations, and consequent financial
condition of Ireland, has not yet recovered the shock
of 1847. Credit was :entirely shaken, if not de-
stroyed. The farmers as a body were ruined. Many
of the landowners shared their fate. The immense
amount of the circulating medium withdrawn, has
never been replaced. By the last return the Irish
Banks of issue are still 2,332,2371. below their fixed
issue. So easy is it to destroy credit and confidence,
so hard to effect their restoration. The time, we are
convinced, will come when the truths which we have
endeavoured to illustrate will be received as being as
evident as they are important.. And with that con-
viction we do not despair ofa better state of things,
when the prosperity of the sister country will react
on and promote that of our own, and when common
interests and common feelings will render us in reality
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

The first day of the last week of the Exhibition
has passed off in a manner at once gratifying and
surprising. Everybody was prepared for a great ac-
cession of numbers to the usual average of shilling
visitors, but the most extravagant expectations could
hardly have anticipated anything so remarkable as
the actual reality. Yesterday 107,815 people entered

the building, and the sum of 5,175/. 165:was taken

at the door;. Facts so astounding speak for them-
selves, and derive no additional force from expatiat-
ing upon them. Were it not so, we should despair
of describing the scene which the interior presented.
Popular demonstrations are always grand. Taking
place in such an arena they exercise a transcendent
and overpowering influence. In the presence of such
an assemblage as yesterday was collected together
the highest triumphs of industry and art are forgot-
ten, and the mind has only time to think of that
great mass of humanity tendering its homage at the
shrine of Labour, and vindicating the nobility of toil.
If any lingering doubts have been entertained that the
Crystal Palace has not been popular among the
masses, its closing hours will set them completely at
rest. Great as the influx of visitors was yesterday, it
will most probably rise still higher to-day ; but it is
satisfactory to think that however vast the numbers
that present themselves the building will be found
capable of accomodating them all. The
dreaded limit of 100,000 spectators has
now been exceeded, and without any extraordinary
inconvenience. In the Crystal Palace, as elsewhere,
the people are their own best police, and from hour to
hour crowds leave to make room for the gathering
tide that enters. Yesterday they began to ooze
away as early as 11 o'clock, and so well balanced
were the departures and arrivals that until the doors
closed it was possible, without much effort, to make a
systematic and effectual survey of all the principal
objects and departments. We have no doubt that
with considerably increased numbers this will con-
tinue to be the case, and a sanguine hope is enter-
tained that no pressure will arise so great and incon-
venient as to render it necessary to check the flow of
visitors. That nearly 108,000 people should within
one day and under one roof have enjoyed the grandest
spectacle that the world has ever witnessed is of it-
self a sufficient marvel, but that they should have
done so without a single known casualty to life or
property is almost incredible. So, however, it is,
and we leave to revolutionary and discontented minds
the study of facts which place in so clear and un-
questionable a light the love of order and the genuine
kindliness of spirit which pervade all classes of our
population. Yet, while we dwell with a natural
complacency on those evidences of a happy and pros-
perous people, circumstances are constantly occurring
to warn us of possible disaster. Such an event took
place yesterday.
Shortly after three o'clock, and when upwards of
100,000 persons were in the building, the Duke of
Wellington entered at the east end, and was loudly
cheered by those who recognised him. The intelli-
gence soon spread in the eastern half of the edifice,
and the crush and crowding which ensued to catch a
glimpse of the veteran, was such as to produce a
momentary sensation of apprehension as to the fate of
the building. Thousands ran along the galleries, and
each court and avenue poured its torrent into the
nave, while numbers in the transept hearing the dis-
tant noise, and seeing the confusion, but ignorant of
its cause, rushed out of the building, under the ap-
prehension that some casualty had occurred. By dint
of pure physical force Superintendent Pearce, and
several other police-officers, succeeded in opening a
narrow pathway for the bake—who, after having
passed through the eastern half of the building, left
at the southern entrance, where he mounted his horse
and departed, amid the cheers of thousands outside
the building. It is most satisfactory to state that not
a single accident occurred; and those who have on
former occasions favoured the public with their opi-
nions as to the destructive effect of the rapid and
irregular movement of an immense crowd upon the
building, will be surprised to hear that not a single
girder or " snag" has given way ; and we may add
that, although upwards of 100,000 persons were pre-
sent in the building, there were many portions of it
which were comparatively unoccupied by the masses,
the nave and transept being, of course, the most
crowded portions of the building.
A chart, showing by diagrams the fluctuations in
the number of visitors during the time that the Ex-
hibition has been opened, was yesterday completed by
the Sappers and placed in the transept. It is a pro-
duction of great merit and of much public interest,
resembling those scales of mountain elevations which
are usually prefixed to atlases. The shilling days
form themselves into the Himlayas and Andes of this
return ; the half-crown and five shilling days being
represented by heights of much lower altitude. The
loftiest peak, rising to a maximum of more than
70,000, will now be far eclipsed by the results of yes-
terday, and it is probable that within the next five
days still greater and more astounding figures will
be reached. In the meantime, it would appear that
Tuesdays have been the chief shilling days, Mondays
coming next ; after these Thursdays, and Wednesdays
being the worst. Of the two half-crown days, Fri-
day seems to be that which brings with it the largest
amount of popularity at the Crystal Palace.
A trial has taken place before the Cleveland Agri-
cultural Society of the respective merits of M'Cor-
mack's and Hussey's American reaping-machines,
and the report of the jury of practical men appointed
by the consent of both parties to decide the question
of merit is favourable to the latter implement. This
decision throws considerable doubt upon the justice of
the award of a great medal at the Exhibition to
M'Cormack'e : but, however interesting the matter
may be to the individuals themselves, it does not
much affect our farmers. Both the reaping machines,
valuable as they are, are capable of great improve-
ment,
mp:a that before
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comesm entandround e scuocnhfichanges
render the
and
and such new features introduced,
a
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examples now exhibited comparativelsymantiquated

SURREY THEATRE.
The opera season at this well-managed theatre,
which has now reached the eighteenth week, has
hitherto been signalised by several popular and well-
e xecuted productions. Last evening Norma was per-
formed for the first time, the Druid priestess being
personated by Madlle. Deville, from the Grand Opera,
Geneva, who, without attempting to invest the cha-
racter with the terrible earnestness of Grisi, or to
dazzle her auditors with any marvellous fioriture,
achieved a decided and legitimate success. Madre.
Deville is a finished and pleasing vocalist, her voice,
although not of extraordinary compass, possesses much
sweetness, flexibility, and clearness, and she sings
with taste, feeling, ease, and expression. She created
a very favourable impression, being warmly applauded
throughout, and led on at the conclusion of the opera
in compliance with the general call. The " Casta
Diva" (" Gentle Goddess" in the English version),
was beautifully given, and enthusiastically encored.
The other parts were efficiently sustained. Miss
Poole received much merited applause as Adelgisa ;
Travers sang with great spirit as Pollio; and the fine
organ of Borrani, who was in magnificent voice, was
heard to high advantage in the role of Oroveso. The
orchestra, under the conduct of Herr Meyer Lutz,
fulfilled its functions admirably, and, altogether, the
manner in which Norma was presented reflects the
utmost credit on the resources of the establishment.
The house was crowded in every part before the rising
of the curtain.

ACCIDENT TO CAPTAIN CODEINGTON.—This gen-

tleman was driving home from Windsor between ten and
eleven o'clock on Tuesday night in his dog-cart, after having
travelled from town by the Great Western Railway. On
turning an abrupt corner leading out of Peascod-streetjinto
the New-road, it is supposed the wheel of the vehicle caught
the kerb-stone, and by the sudden jerk the driver was
thrown out, and fell on his head. He was picked up out of
a pool of blood senseleeo, and carried into the Criterion
public-house, where every attention was raid to him by
Mr. Grover, the landlord, and Mr. Earengey, the surgeon;
and it was not discovered until the following day, when the
unfortunate gentleman regained his consciousness, who he
was. It was afterwards ascertained that the horse pro-
ceeded steadily home, a distance of five miles, through
narrow lanes and abrupt turnings, without accident, and
must, by the tracks, first have gone home, and the gate
being fastened, he afterwards proceeded to the blacksmith's
shop in the village where it was in the habit of being shod,
and where it was discovered waiting quietly at the door at
four o'clock in the morning.
THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT.—LIVERPOOL,
MONDAY.—The following second edition of the Albion fur-
nishes important news as to the probable fate of Mr. Ram-
shay We have been informed this morning, on authority
on which we can place the most implicit reliance, that the
Earl of Carlisle has expressed himself to the effect that he
feels; exceedingly pained at the recent proceedings which
have taken place in the County Court; and that it is his
Lordship's intention to act in the matter with promptness,
yet with due regard to the lawful forms. We understand
his Lordship will arrive at the Lancaster Railway station
about noon this day." It appears (says our correspondent),
that the person addressed by the Earl of Carlisle is Mr. Wm.
Brown, M.P., and the letter is spoken of as being couched in
the very strongest and most emphatic terms. There can,
therefore, be very little doubt that Mr. llainshay will toot
Apia miwittcliciAl fvulctim iu Liyerpo9l,

MR. RAMSUAY'S CASE.—A meeting'of tha Com-
mittee for the Protection of the Liberty of the Subject and
the Press was held yesterday afternoon, at which a memorial
to the Chancellor of the Duchy was agreed to, praying that
his Lordship would be pleased to hold, in Liverpool or its
immediate neighbourhood, a court of inquiry into the conduct
of Mr. Rauishay since his acquittal by his Lordship from the
former charges made against him and the resumption of his
sittings and, if the facts set forth in the memorial be esta-
blished against him, as the memorialists confidently believe
they can be, that his Lordship be pleased to remove Mr.
llaiushay from the office of Judge of the County Court, and
to appoint another judge, of learning, temper, and modera-
tion, in his ;Acad.

Messrs. Broadwood, the pianoforte manufacturers,
have presented to the Royal Society of Musicians the
splendid grand pianaforte, in ebony case, which has attracted
so much notice at the Exhibition. The sale of this instru-
ment will doubtless realise several hundred pounds, and the
funds of the society will thus again benefit, as they have on
many fyrizig 9ccasi9us, by 04 W41'4,13104'994' Liberality.

THE CAPTURE OF A GANG OF
WHOLESALE SWINDLERS.
On Saturday last the Police-court at Plymouth
was crowded by persons anxious to listen to one of
the most extraordinary investigations (adjourned
from the previous Wednesday) which has engaged
the attention of the bench for some years, and which
exposes an attempt at swindling upon a very large
scale. It appears that early in the month of Sep-
tember there arrived in Plymouth two men of mid-
dle age and respectably attired, who forthwith took
premises for the ostensible purpose of carrying on
business as general outfitters and army and navy con-
tractors. having engaged a store on Sutton-wharf,
in the possession of Mr. Hicks, wine-merchant, a
painter was employed to announce to those resorting
to that locality that Rudwell's Stores were there
situated, and a plentiful supply of letter-paper was
procured, each sheet bearing the printed heading of
" Sutton-wharf, Plymouth. Ship Stores Warehouses,
General Outfitter, Army and Navy Contractors &c."
As the business to be transacted was intended to be
of the most extensive description, a counting-house
became necessary, and for this purpose a room in
Tin-street was hired, at the moderate sum of half-a-
crown a week, and here, during the hours of busi-
ness, Mr. Rudwell and his more retiring partner,
Mr. Palmer, were generally to be found, each
seated at a desk, conducting a voluminous
correspondence with most of the principal
contributors to the Great Exhibition, the Official
Catalogue supplying them with the names and ad-
dresses of the various exhibitors. As the trade to
be carried on was to be large, of course the orders
were liberal, and assistance being deemed necessary
the principals in the business were joined about a
week after their arrival by a younger man, of smart
appearance, calling himself William James Widdi-
combe. He acted as clerk, and James Maddick, a
labourer, whom the principals met with on the quay,
was employed as storekeeper and porter. The first-
fruits of the extensive correspondence carried on by
the firm was the arrival of a large parcel, consigned
to their address, on the 20th of September, and every
succeeding day witnessed the advent of other goods,
of a most miscellaneous description. There was an
odd commingling of copperas and broadcloths, locks,
and blankets, lamps and trouserings, hides and chi-
cory, tweeds and iodine, canvas and saddles, twines
and cooking apparatus, velveteens and ship's sheath-
ing, cotton twist and oatmeal, compound levers and
a lifting jack. But numerous as were the arrivals
of goods, equally brisk appeared to be the sale, for
not a single parcel remained in the store more than a
couple of hours ere it was disposed of in some way
or other, and it would seem in certain instances at
prices which:would have enabled Rudwell to assert with
greater truth than is the case sometimes with traders,
that he was indeed making an alarming sacrifice. For
example, the lifting jack above mentioned, the in-
voice price of which was 81., was no sooner delivered
at the store than it was entrusted to the respectable
agency of Messrs. Skardon and Sons, who were in-
structed to sell it fur 2/., if a purchaser could be pro-
cured at that sum. Oil-cake, too, the trade price for
which is 121. 10s. per ton, was offered for sale to Mr.
Parrott, of Buckwell-street, through the instrumen-
tality of Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, for 71. 10s. per ton.
Other goods were pledged at the office of Mr. Toms,
pawnbroker, by Widdicombe. Such was the state of
things until Tuesday last, when Superintendent Gib-
bons proceeded, in company with Inspector Thomas
and Sergeant Hicks, to arrest Palmer and his clerk
Widdicombe (who was discovered to have been living
here under the assumed name of Matthews), as they
were walking together from the railway station
towards George-place, the charge being, that they
had, in conjunction with Rudwell, obtained large
quantities of goods under false pretences. Palmer,
who described himself as a labourer, said " very
well," and Widdicombe, alias Matthews, stated
himself to be a clerk in the service of Rudwell,
and was altogether innocent of the offence charged
against him. Rudwell was also apprehended the
same evening, and on Wednesday morning the
trio appeared before the magistrate, in custody of the
officers, charged as above stated. The sitting ma-
gistrates were the mayor and Messrs. Coryndon and
Hawker : Mr. Lavers attending on the part of the
Trades' Protection Society, and applying for a remand
in order to give the police time to institute the ne-
cessary inquiries.
After hearing the whole of the evidence then
forthcoming against the prisoners, and by which the
foregoing statement was fully supported, the prisoners
were remanded to Saturday.
Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, who had left, came back
after the case had been heard, and was advised by
the mayor to give up the goods he had received of
Rudwell into the possession of a third party. In a
very independent manner he refused to do anything
of the kind, told the mayor he would rather take his
money than his advice, asked Mr. Phillips what was
the price of a brief, said he defied them to do anything
to him; he had not bought stolen goods ; he was
"too deep" for that, and would never give up the
goods till they were paid for.
From the evidence produced on Saturday it ap-
peared that on 'Wednesday evening upwards of two
tons of goods arrived by railway for Rudwell and
Co., which is in possession of the police, and that a
letter, badly spelt and badly written, from the wife of
Rudwell, has fallen into the hauls of the superinten-
dent, but it contains no information of which use can
be made. It was dated " London," and bore the sig-
nature of "Ann." Another letter dated from Man-
chester, which came to hand on Thursday, charges
Rudwell with being an impostor, and threatens him
with exposure, the writer alleging that he (Rudwell)
had carried on his fraudulent practices in a great
number of towns, assuming the name of " Cox," when
at Wolverhampton, then as " Smith," of. Birmingham,
as " Mill," of Liverpool, afterwards as " Edwards,"
of Manchester, and more frequently as " Darling-
ton," of Portsmouth. A large quantity of goods ar-
rived to the address of the firm, on Thursday, and are
now detained in charge of Pickford and Co., rail-
way-contractors. About two tons of oil cake also came
by steamer, for which Cornbloom was found to be
on the look out. The police accordingly waited
until he had paid the freight, when they then
stepped in and seized the lot, much to the chagrin of
the hard-mouthed money-lender, who threatens to
cite Superintendent Gibbons and his men in the high
court of Westminster. It was also stated that a fresh
lot of goods and sundry invoices came to hand on
Friday morning, and that the police at the same time
obtained information which was deemed sufficiently
important to justify the immediate departure of In-
spector Thomas per mail train for the metropolis.
The nature of the evidence was such as to induce
the bench, after a lengthened examination of wit-
nesses, to further remand the prisoners to Wednes-
day next.
Mr. Rudwell, on being asked what he had to say
against being remanded, contended that as he had his
name over the door of the wharf, and was nowhere in
debt in Plymouth, zs he had not been applied to for
money for the goods, but should be ready to pay on
in
to
custody. ha ought not to have been even taken
custody. As to Palmer, he was his (Rudwell's)
friend, while Widdicombe was his clerk. If anything
had been wrong, he entirely exonerated them from all
participation in it, and was ready to bear the results
himself.
Palmer had nothing to say, and Widdicombe said
he had come from the office of Wilson and Gurney,
bank solicitors, London, and could procure good re-
ferences. He asked if he might procure bail. He
was told he must first procure his bail and then their
worships would consider if it could be taken.
Rudwell is evidently in bad health.

who visited it in great numbers; and some criterion
is afforded us by the police returns, which show
47,000 to have entered the building during the first
hour and a half—say by half-past ten o'clock—an
altogether unprecedented occurrence." "On IVed-
nesday, the 6th of August, after the public breakfast
at the London Tavern, at which 300 were preent,
Mr. J. S. Buckingham in the chair—the Royal Surrey
Zoological Gardens, which had been secured by the
demonstration committee for the day, was thronged
by such a vast gathering of teetotallers as was never
before convened, and presented a spectacle never to be
forgotten." After this opening the report mentioned
a balance in the hands of their treasurer of 5301.,
who was troubled what to do with it ;
but it said, "Perhaps of all the embarrass-
ments presenting themselves to the committee none
were greater than was the solution of the question,
how shall the balance be made to subserve the great
principles of temperance most effectually ?" They
settled the question happily, and founded the London
Temperance League. They said, "We must, how-
ever, state our conviction that the first principles of
teetotalism are not understood by the immense ma-
jority of the denizens of this great city. Daily ob-
servation and experience prove this. Men of intellect,
high in influence and of admirable business habits,
are found to be poor opponents to the uneducated
teetotaller, far less to such leaders in the cause as Dr.
Lees and others." The report concluded with a dim
shadowing forth of pleasures (equal to those described
in the commencement of its pages) in store fur their
novices, as, after announcements of monthly lectures
and meetings and quarterly soirees to be held, they
continued,— " A fete, perhaps a bazaar, in the Royal
Surrey Gardens next summer, will, in all probability,
be carried 'out by the executive committee." This
and " more, according to our means." But to do all
these things they required money, and 1,0001. was the
sum demanded, and after stating that they (the com-
mittee) were willing to undertake all the toil, " we
appeal with confidence to the liberal supporters of our
cause, that at this critical juncture in the history of
teetotalism the helmsman may be relieved of all
anxiety respecting pecuniary liabilities, which would
but retard the movement at a time when not a
moment must be lost." A collection was made,
and then

Mr. BEGGS delivered an inaugural address of some
length. After alluding to the Crystal Palace, the
sanitary condition of the people and some other inci-
dental circumstances, he proceeded as follows :
" Many of the leading organs of the press now conde-
scend to notice us, but they betray a total misunder-
standing of our principles, and it is necessary that
they should be informed. Witness the writer in
Household Words, in his article ' Whole Hogs,' as
also in the Examiner. The mistake they commit is
that we call upon the sober portion of the public to
give up a good thing because some men abuse it."
After mentioning that the Examiner took this view,
he continued—" It is the old, never-to-be-slain argu-
ment, of use and abuse; and, although it can be
proved by any one capable of the most ordinary
method of induction to be pure nonsense, yet it is con-
sidered as a strong ground for taking a glass ; and the
parson, the magistrate, the judge, and the teacher,-as
well as the gentleman of the press, continue to discuss
their daily pint or bottle of wine, their glass of gin-
and-water, or the pot of half-and-half; but," con-
tinned Mr. Beggs, ", supposing alcohol to be as harm-
less as potatoes, or sugar, or milk, yet, seeing the mis-
chief it produces, we are called upuu to abstain. I assert
that cards, dice, racing, theatres, and all the fashionable
follies and amusements of the age, have not produced,
taken altogether, so many evils as the vice of drink.
ing." They asked them to give up drinking because
God had written on the constitution of man, as
plainly as light was written upon the sunbeams, that
alcohol was not suited to men in health, but was the
enemy of the digestive faculties of the human body.
Mr. Beggs continued to show the large sums of
money spent on spirits, spoke of the anomaly of a
magistrate sitting one day to license public-houses,
and on another inflicting punishment on those who
got drunk in them ; also of legislators snaking laws
ag iinst, and ministers of religion speaking against
these places, to which, by their daily practice in
drinking themselves, they gave sanction and encou-
ragement. He encouraged them, besides having faith
in their principles, to have faith in humanity, and not
to think that any one was sunk so low as to be ut-
terly helpless, and also urged that they ought to have
faith in themselves. He did not mean to inculcate
dogmatism, vanity, or any idea of pharisaical im-
portance, but they should believe the temperance re-
formation to be their business, and do their best for
it. They required wisdom as well as faith, charity
as well as love. Above all, he enjoined on them the
importance of increased individual exertion. After
considering these and other topics at great length he
concluded with the following prophetic aspiration :
"Let the teetotaller take courage. The day is not far
distant when the simple principle he has adopted and
laboured to diffuse will command the homage of the
good and wise of every order of men; and, sanc-
tioned by Gud's blessing, will shed peace and healing
from its wings. We cannot estimate its future pro-
gress by the past. Its seedtime is not yet over, but
the harvest is begun. Whatever it may now be con-
sidered, future generations will not regard as a mere
flight of visionary enthusiasm this record of my ex-
pectation; so that the historian of a future age, when
looking back on the bumble birth of the total absti-
nence principle, will date from it a new era in civiliza-
tion, and place its propounders in the first ranks of the
most useful, if not among the most illustrious ' bene-
factors of mankind.' "
Mr. F. W. KELLOG, an American teetotaller, next
addressed the audience, and was received throughout
with great applause. In speaking of the States, he
mentioned that in one (Maine) the sale of spirits was
prohibited, and in another State, if a man got drunk
his wife could sue the publican who supplied him with
the liquor for damages.
The CHAIRMAN rose and said, a question had been
handed up to him, as chairman, asking what they said
of the miracle of our Saviour at Cuna of Galilee when
he turned water into wine. Ile could only say, that
if they could not answer this as well as every other
question satisfactorily, they would give up their prin-
ciple. He would ask, in return, did any of them
think that our Saviour ever partook of wine P—(No,
no.) The question was answered.
A vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the
proceedings.

The Hungarians in London yesterday attended
mass in commemoration of the events of the 6th of October,
or as the handbill explained, in memory of the defenders of
constitutional liberty in Hungary, who, after the surrender
of the Hungarian army to the Russians, were put to death
by Austrian executioners. Their honoured names are dear
to the lovers of liberty founded on law :—Count Louis
Batthyany. Prime Minister; Count Ludislaus Csanyi,
Minister of Commerce; Baron Sigismond Perenyi, Presi-
dent of the house of Peers; Baron Jesrenak, Lord Lieu-
tenant of the county of Nyitra; Baron Szatsvay, Member
and Secretary of the Diet; Prince Woronyieczky, Prince
Czernus, Councillor of State; Major Turman, Major
Abancourt. Prisoners of war, given up by Russia to the
Austrian executioners, and hanged or shot at Arad on the
6th October, 1849 :—General Aulich, Minister of War;
Lieut.-General Ernest Kirsi, General Damianich, General
Nagy Sandor, General Dessewffy, General Count Leiningen,
cousin of her Majesty Queen Victoria; General Count
Veesey, General Tork, General Lahner, General Baron Pol-
tenberg, General Knesich, General Schveidl, General Count
Lazar, Colonel Kazinczy.
THRONGED STATE OF THE CITY STREETS.—Yes-
terday the main thoroughfares of the City were thronged is
a manner perhaps never before witnessed. Every omnibus
travelling in the direction of the Great Exhibition was
filled inside and out during the day, and from the Poultry
to St. Swithin's-lane a file of persons, not less than three
deep, were waiting for hours in vain in the earlier part of
the forenoon, for conveyances. The Royal Exchange was
visited by thousands, and the Guildhall, the Post-office, and
most of the public places were thronged. Many of the
visitors were from Wales and the northern parts of England,
and some had come so far as from the United States of
America.

CRYSTAL HALL.—A new and original polka has
been produced at this agreeable place of entertainment. It
is called the '° West-End Polka," and is understood to be
from the pen of Miss Kirkham, a young lady favourably
known in musical circles as a brilliant pianist. The polka
is a spirited and lively piece of composition, and commands a
good deal of applause every time it is played.
DEER STALKING.—In the island of Lewis a num-
ber of gentlemen are enjoying first-rate sport in Sir James
Mathcson's deer-forests. One of the party, D. Robertson,
DT, of Lsdykirls-, in the course of an hour and a half's ab-
sence from the Castle, stalked and shot two stags, right and
left. One had royal horns, and the other a head; with ten
antlers. The party at Reay Forest, among whom were Lord
Colville, Lord Ward, and the Hon. Captain Charteris, have
closed a brilliant season's shooting among the comes of tlao
far-west of Sutherlandshire. In five weeks they bagged 66
rod-deer, viz., `3O hinus and 46 stags. The horns of
,o one of
also
We has
the last that was shot spanned 34 inches.
heard that Mr. Campbell of Jura has shot to his own gun, in
the island of Hara,, 36 red deer.—inventess courier,

saw
s. maNeelt.a'hu_i
ie'nss
ird,d7hg' 0
ought
1, ago, Mr. John
(of Baitsbite),
CAUGHT AT LAST.
The owner of the suspected animal was cau-
tioned; of Milton, had a—nuAmfbeevvr o7.seleielp wonrrgiehdt,tor deathhillip
by a dog.
toCoonlecd ;thebtpititttoonnopolpicuermpoasne;
sr% sheep, belonginga large ferocious animal, making the best of his way home
ashamed
htahnol
eudg ho fI. 1 e leadl ,The
been
nett
ra doingor n 1 n a
to
the Bev. Mr. James, vicar of Litton, were found worried
in a ditch, five being dead, the other lingering. Suspi-
cion fell upon Thomas Nei 's dog, and he was " taken into
custody," tried by a court•martial of villagers, and sen-
tenced to be shot, which was immediately carried into exe-
cution. There was strong circumstantial evidence in the
case; but to make assurance doubly sure of his guilt, a post-
mortem examination was made, and sure enough, his capa-
cious stomach was filled with tauttou, with weal attached,—
Cambridge Independent.

LONDON TEMPERANCE LEAGUE. l DEATH FROM POISON.
Yesterday evening Exeter-hall was once more filled ! Yesterday an inquest was held by Mr. William
with the bodies and oratory of those great self-styled
! Carter, at the Gregorian Arms 'tavern, Lower-road,
r. Frederick
regenerators of mankind—the advocates, disciples, and Bermondsey, respecting the death of
. Robert Bolton, aged 41 years, an Excise officer, who
friends of total abstinence. The object of the meet
ing was to originate a society in London which was to was accidentally poisoned.
succeed to the demonstration committee, and by Mr. R. T. Russell, of No. 12, Thornton-street,
means of meetings, advice, and exhortation, reclaim Horselydown, stated, that on Thursday evening last,
the still unitiated public from the errors of their ways. about six o'clock, two persons brought the deceased
A letter was read from Mr. Lawrence Hey worth, into his surgery, in state of great exhaustion. De-
M.P., regretting his unavoidable abience, and then ceased was perfectly sensible, but cold and pulstless.
Mr. G. Ceunesneeme, who took the chair in the Witness asked the deceased a few questions, when he
absence of Mr. Heyworth, made a few opening re- replied that he had been requested by a friend to taste
marks. He said that he was always ready to do his some aconite, and wished to know if witness knew
best in such a cause. He regretted the absence of the nature of it. Witness replied in the affirmative,
Mr. Hey worth, but, at the same time, he was glad and asked him if he had taken any, when he told
to hear the news his letter had conveyed, witness it was a part of hie duty at the Excise-office
that the Americans, who went right one to test such compounds, and he believed he bad s wal-
way and wrong another, as far as teetotalism was lowed about a teaspoonful of the mixture. Witness
concerned were doing right. It was only by adopt- knowing that aconite was a deadly poison, then con-
ing this great principle that they could raise them- sidered the deceased would unquestionably die.
selves to a position which they could never attain CORONER—What effect has aconite upon the system ?
without it, for till they abstained from intoxicating -Witness—lt will cause violent sainting, vertigo, and
liquors they would never rise to the proper station of vomiting, with oppressed breathing, &c.e..but does not
a civilized country. Mr. Cruikshank related an deprive persons of utterance.
anecdote from a work called "A Voice from the CORONER—What quantity would produce death?
Diggins," which, he said, showed what demons men Witness—Twenty drops. It is commonly called
were who indulged in this sin. He could conceive " wolf's bane," and a teaspoonful might hold about
no word but "devil" as appropriate to them, their 120 drops. Deceased must have taken sufficient to
language and actions were so horrible. The anecdote kill five persons. Witness gave the deceased ammo-
told of two men) a Malay and Chinese, who were nia, but he threw it up immediately. Other remedies
dying, and required a little brandy to sustain life, but were adopted, but the deceased became exceedingly
the white men who were applied to refused, saying exhausted, and expired shortly afterwards. 'Witness
" Christian men wanted spirits, and they were not had since made a postmortem examination of the body.
going to give them to black cattle." The mere idea The viscera was in a gorged condition, with clerk
of those men, who ripped up each other with bowie fluid blood. The heart was in a similar state, but in
knives, calling themselves Christians ! He hoped structure quite healthy. The whole of the intestinal
that this great and holy question would be allowed to canal was much congested. The stomach seemed
stand by itself. They had nothing to do with politics, healthy, but had been acted upon by some violent ir-
A person in speaking might inadvertently bring in ritant. Witness, from all the circumstances, fully
subjects foreign to the purpose, but he hoped they believed that the deceased had been deceived in the
would even abstain from mentioning anything else— contents of the bottle, and had tasted it by his own
even the Peace Congress which, although a most free will. The poison usually destroys life in three to
excellent and important question, ought to be let alone five hours.
at this time. He again begged that they would let Other evidence having been offered,
the question of teetotalism stand by itself; and, having The Learned Corea:yea remarked at great length
made these few observations, he proceeded to the on the testimony of the witnesses, and said the death
business of the evening, by calling on the secretary of the deceased gentleman was to be deeply lamented,
to read the report. and he shculd certainly recommend the Commissioners
The report opened with a glowing account of the to adopt some immediate steps for the prevention of
grand week of the festivities held in August. It such unfortunate accidents.
would take too much room to give the recital of the The jury unanimously concurred and returned the
whole series of entertainments, but we will be content following special verdict :
to mention one or two to show the halo—the atmo- " That the deceased met his death accidentally, and
spere of pleasure thrown round their proceedings, for they (the jury) would suggest to the Commissioners
the benefit, doubtless, of their new disciples. ,4 on of Inland Revenue that v, hen any article of a poiso-
nous character is imported, the permit should bear
Tuesday, by the special permission of the Royal
Commissioners, the Crystal Palace was opened one the word poison as well as the nature of the article
hour earlier than usual to admit the total abstainers,
itself."

SUICIDE ON THESOUTH-EASTERN
RAIL TV A..Y.
On Saturday, about one o'clock, P.m., the usually
quiet locality of Lold Harbour-lane, leading from
Brixton to Camberwell, was thrown into a state of
intense excitement, from the following awful occur-
rence :—At the time in question a man in the garb
of a painter, carrying some pots of colour and brushes,
was observed to proceed down Pollards-grove, a re-
tired spot in the rear of the Green Man public-house.
Shortly after, the report of a pistol was heard, and on
persons proceeding to the spot the man was perceived
running away, blood flowing profusely from his bead.
He had left the paint arid brushes behind him, and
carried in his hand a large pistol, but which a gentle-
man who followed succeeded in taking away from
him. The alarm drew together several of the
police of the P division from the Brixton station,
who joined in pursuit of the wounded man. He,
nevertheless proceeded, notwithstanding the great lois
of blood (which was tracked the whole distance),
at a rapid pace in the direction of Forest Hill, and,
before he could be overtaken, rushed through the
railway station on to the rails, and deliberately threw
himself before the 1.20 down train, which passed over
him, and thus terminated his existence. The body,
dreadfully mutilated, was picked up and conveyed to
the Dartmouth Arms contiguous. The name of the
deceased, it has been ascertained, was James Hard-
' ing, by trade a painter and grainer, and resided at
5, Elizabeth-place, South-street, \Valworth, and he
has left a widow and nine young children to deplore
their father's unhappy end. The cause for commit-
ting so dreadful and rash an act cannot be ascertained
at present.
Yesterday Mr. Carttar, the coroner for East Kent,
held an inquest on the body, when, after some con-
sultation, the jury returned an open verdict, to the
effect—" That the deceased was killed by being run
over by one of the South-Eastern Company's trains,
but whether by accident or his own wiltul act there
was not evidence to show."

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TAT TERSALL'S-YESTERDAY.
The current set so strong against Mokanna, so long
the leading favourite for the evFare.witch, that from 7 to
1, laid a rly in the afternoon, he declined in the first
instance to 10 to 1, and dually to 15 to 1. laid to 200/.,
and afterwards offered curreatly. Thin left Darkie in
possession of the premiership, Hippolytus, against whom
20 to 1 was betted at one time, being o cond favourite at
the close. Trickstress, Terpsichore, and Windischgratz,
were in soma favour, and Grand Duke was sent out of
the market; in ell other respects the betting was dull
and unimportant.

CESAREWITCR STAKES.
14 to 1 agst Mr. Crawford's Darkie
15 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Hippolytus—taken
15 to 1 agst Lord H. Lennox's Mokanna
20 to 1 egst Mr. Saunders's Trickstress—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Carew's Windischgratz—taken
30 to 1 agst Mr. Farra.nce's Terpsichore—taken
40 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Backbiter—taken
50 to 1 agst Mr. Herbert's The Grand Duke
1,000 to 15 agst Cept.Lowther's King Charming—taken
Confidence and Sir Charles are scratched.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES.
7 to 1 agst Mr. A. Nichul's Newmicster—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. H. Robinson's Confidence
5,000 to 50 egat Lord Cardross's The Ebor—taken
DERBY.
100 to 6 agst Lord Eglinton's Clarerhouse
18 to 1 agst Lord Zeeland's Augur—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke—taken
28 to 1 agst Lord Ribblcsdalc's Lapidist—takin
50 to 1 agst Mr. S. Hawkes's ti ernersley—taken
50 to 1 agst Lard Eglinton's Pelopidas—taken

REPAIRIAG A FACTORY CHIMNEY.
to
oJreapnlsr It'ih7o g
rica trit,e chimneyaia hin
s`•iteep,llee,itg
Jack,"l having engae,;(4l
to Messrs. John
Wood and Co., cotton spinners and power-loom cloth
manufacturers, Sovereign Mills, Wigan, commenced his
operation by flying a paper kite, and thereby throwing a
chain with cords attached across the top of the chimney,
by which means he ascended the top, and fixed his
blocks and materials ready for work. The chimney is
about 14 felt square at the base, bulges a little for a few
yards in height, and then tapers to the top, where it is
4 feet 4 inches square, with a belt little below of about
7 feet. The total height of the chimney is about 52
yards. The chimney was in a dilapidated state, having
a crack of decayed and broken bricks about 100 feet
in length on the south-wosttrn square, in soma
places two feet broad, and also a long fistufe the
north-eastern square, besides several smaller cracks
goton ohthiser
ripgogriotigons
or of
ratthues chimney.
broken
complete, Jackh
he
and h
havingis
assistant began work by removing the bricks and
replacing them with new ones, without the aid of a
scaffolding, and then proceeded to fill up the fissures with
cement, repairing all the damaged parts, until the chim-
ney bad almost the appearance of a new One. He next
placed eighteen iron girders at equal distances round
the chimney, consisting of bars, bolts, and corner plates
tightly screwed up, and this twit he accomplished with
equal skill, and without scaffolding. He completed his
ta,k of repairs on Monday last, by hurling from the top
of the chimney, at an angle of 20 feet, and clear of the
roof of the engine-house, four large loose stones, weigh-
ing about 2 cwt., which were replaced with bricks, 18
inches long, 9 inches broad, and 6 inches thick, and
weighing about 841bs each. The skilful manner in
which the work has been performed, without the ex-
pense of scaffolding, and with only one day's stoppage
of the works whilst topping the chimney, has beans
matter of surprise.—Preston Chronicle.

passengers
na
sa isSeeson,g:ros
PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT SOUTHAMPTON.—Thhe
total number of foreign passengers who7lawnderead
ni pto South-
amptonDocksover
e during
corresponding September
month was
of 51,845604,
osfhb oa2wg,
ijggacgva,nanin-
creaseaThe.
month was
5,464 passengers brought 10,666 packagas of
comprised 3,705 foreigners, of whom 2,71
fromfemales, i aanncde
2,023. 6(Spreihniclidpralenly.
from
me
Ptarotisal)nduumrinhgerthoef
THE PORT or Dunrizi.—The following is an
abstract of the Customs' duties received at this port for the
last week, as compared witi,,ite_c,orresponding week of last
year :—ln 1851. Tea,. 7:_17„3/ , 6-• 7d. ; sugar, 2,5351. I7s.
Id. ; tobacco, 4,52//...12-• Ild.; Wine,
1,6811. Is. 4d.;
spirits, 441/. 17s. 10d
.; miscellaneous, 433/. 10s. ; total,
16,7431. ss. 9d. In 1830. Tea, 7,115/. 14s. sd. ; sugar,
2,372/. Ds. Bd. ; tobacco, 3,5271. Bs. 2d. ; wine, 2,3841 4s.
Id. ; spirits, 4741. 7s. 2d. ; Miscellaneous, 9341. 18s. lld •
total, 16,8591. 12s. 5d.• ,
GIFT OF A PARK.—The park presented by Mrs.
nobertson to the burgh of Kelso, is nearly ten acres in ex-
tent. It forms nearly a square, having entrances from pub-
lic roads on three sides. Not satisfied with this costly pre-
sent, and still determined that nothing should be wanting,
Mrs. Robertson has presented the trustees with 500 L, to be
expended in completing the approaches, laying out walks,
and olierwise adorning the ground. The ground will be
named " Shedden Park," in honour of Mrs. Robertson's late
nephew, Robert Shedder, Esq., the owner and commander
of the yacht Nancy Dawson, which is i.,, ell known to the
public as having ren&red essential service in aiding the
search for the lost Arctic expedition of Sir John Franklin,
and as having been the only yacht that ever rounded Point
Barrow and circumnavigated the globe.—Kelso Mail.

SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWAY.—The
works throughout the whole of this line are rapidly pro-
gression towards completion. In the neighbourhood of
fihrewsbury the operations are very much advanced, most of
the bridges being completed, and the various cuttings and
embankments in a forward state. At the other end of the
line, in the neighbourhood of Ludlow, equally rapid progress
has been made. The bridge over the river Corve ie beif%
carried flat will be coropieLe4
afarD
as Ludlow
j,is e y
ttp9etcntead
otfhatt,o tyhecar.

RAMSHA.Y and OURSELVES.
(From the Liverpool Journal of Saturday.)
On Saturday last, tot' the first time in our life, we
were visited by bailiffs. On Monday, for the first
time in our life, under any circumstances, we were
brought before a court of justice ; and on Tuesday,
for the first time in our life, we were sent to gaol.
On Wednesday morning we awoke in Lancaster
Co.stle, and found ourselves in prison. On the same
raceening Mr. Ramshay awoke in some house in
Great George-square, and ;found himself notorious.
Forty.-eight hours had served to concentrate on the
obscure; dge of a petty court the entire indignation
of the people of England. He bad outraged public
opinion by daring to assume a power never claimed,
certainly never exercised, in this empire by any judge
during the last hundred and sixty years. The fact
was so astounding that the electric wires were em-
ployed to convey it, and the public press everywhere
denominated it extraordinary. In Liverpool the
excitement kept within the proper moderation neces-
au to the occasion ; but we do not, we believe err
is stating that Mr. Ramshay, on Tuesday morning,
was literally friendless. He had repelled from him
even most of those who venerated his office, and
startled into anger those who had never cared to
think previously about him. So manifest was
the public feeling that the officials of the
court, mistaking a decided earnestness for popular
anger, put themselves on Tuesday needlessly under
the personal protection of the prisoner they were con-
',eying to gaol, the man whom Mr. Ramshay had so
grossly insulted when that man was judicially in Mr.
Itannhay's power. We do not compare for one
moment in respectability with Mr. Ramshay ; we are
prevented from doing so by our own self-respect ; but
,the public felt that the language of the bench on that
occasion was perfectly novel in its atrocity—cowardly
noele.r the circumstances—unworthy under any cit.-
curies Lances of a gentleman, because it was low and
vulgar.—such only as "beggars in their drink" resort
to, and never beard in a court of justice since Judge
Zhifries ea,"ned for himself the epithet " infamous."
Our able and eloquent, and most judicious advocate,
Sir George Stephen, was excluded by the usages of
tie court from making a reply ; and our experience
in the respect due to courts of justice, and the sacred-
gees of the judgment seat, imposed sileece on us
during and after this outrage on our character and
feeling. But—

" There is a minute,
When a man's presence speaks in his own cause,
More than the tongues of twenty advocates."
And we are disposed to believe that the wrong-doer
e,oly suffered from this display of mean malice.

The question between Mr. Ramshay and ourselves
ha; passed into the keeping of other hands than ours.
It is now in the care of the public ; and of the result
nobody cut have a doubt. The contest is unequal ;
and, as our sympathy is naturally with the weak,
Ramshay will have our pity when we discover in
him those good qualities he claims, but of the exist-
ence of which we, in common with many, are ac..?l)-
veal. At the same time it is only dto say that
our
ou.r knowledge of him is extremely
life has been too busy to seek co_rnc.errlneimmletnet in the
has obviously
or-
dinary history of nobodies.
denied him the higher qualistie_s_3Nofa6maind; and he has,
sufficiently demonstrated
within the last few days,
that he is sadly wanting in soundu judgment. A man
in his condition could not
.attract public. attention ;
and, partly in consequence of this, his appointment
as Judge of the County. Court in Liverpool took the
public by surprise. His new situation brought him
-
iiecessari".
y within the cognizance of the press, and
his unfortunate temper imposed a duty on journalists
to report the proceedings of his court fully and fairly.
The circumstance which attended his appointment,
and the offence given by his petulance on the
bench, provoked in us a few comments. The
reader will now see—what Mr. Ramshay should
have seen long before—the value of our almost pro-
phetic warnings. How these warnings should have
excited in him the intense hatred he undisguisedly
entertains towards us will, we suspect, puzzle most
of our readers, as they have certainly puzzled our-
selves. We will not attempt to account for it, but
we must be permitted to wonder at the perversity of
purpose that could single us out for persecution.
Seeking always to uphold the dignity of the profes-
sion to which we have the honour to belong, we have
firmly resisted every temptation to render our paper
an instrument of wrong towards individuals. Mr.
Ramshay, owing to his infirmity of temper and bad
health, was an unfit judge to preside in the County
Court; but when, after investigation, the Earl of
Carlisle declined to dismiss him, we, so far as we
were concerned, resolved that he should have
fair play. In this spirit we rejoiced, and
stated, as will be seen at the time, that his health was
restored, hoping he was a wiser, if not a better man,
and that the useful court over which he presided
was likely to realize all *the benefits it was capable
of bestowing on the people of Liverpool. A. commu-
nkation with a friend whom Mr. B.amshay, we be-
lieve, esteems, led us to form a resolution not again
to make either him or his proceedings matter of
°quit:lent ; and to that resolution we religiously ad-
hered. We were solicitous to be in no way accessory
to the increase of an alleged infirmity, but which in-
firmity we are now convinced never existed. In com-
pliance with our tacit contract with the public, we
continued, as usual, to send reporters to his court, but
with strict injunctions to be faithful, setting nothing
down in malice. A little display of eccentricity—the
banquet at the County Court—brought to us a crowd
of letters on Mr. Ramshay's blundering invitations,
and his coach and four grey horses ; but we com-
mitted them all to the flames as soon as received ; and
had as little intention of " wilfully insulting" the
Judge of the County Court, "on his way to or from
the court," on Saturday morning last, as we have
now of " wilfully insulting" the Queen on Thursday
next, on her Msjesty's way to and from the Town-
hail.

It is unnecessary for us to announce that we con-
sider it impossible for Mr. Ramshay to continue ad-
ministering justice in our County Court with honour
to himself or advantage to suitors. While he remains,
however, the people will respect his office, and what-
ever we may think of the man, the judge shall meet
with no ' wilful insult " at our hands. If Mr. Ram..
shay has been rendered uncomfortable by the events
of the last few days, he has only himself to blame.
He assailed us openly, violently, and without provo-
cation ; -but, humble as we are, he failed in the attack,
and in the brief rencontre be has come to the ground.
Public opinion rushed to our support, and has been
too strong for him. We did not cross his path ; until
within the last few days we did not even know his
person ; and journalists prefer to fly at higher quarry
than a judge of a petty court. But Mr. Ramshay
has now, however, made his little court the world's
talk, and exposed himself to the criticism of those who
%sill endeavour to form a correct estimate of his quell-
& itiens. Of these qualifications we are not now
dibiaosed to speak. Mr. Ratnshay himself is of
no consideration to anybody but his friends ;
and our quarrel with him refers to a question in which
all of U 3 are deeply concerned, and in which the in-
terests of the corninuity are involved. We shall not
degrade a great principle by resorting to needless
personalities ; and we shall not imitate our opponent
by pronouncing judgment in our own case—that is
to say whether we have been legally wrong—being
At once judge, advocate, and witness. But there is
oje circumstance which we cannot, in any feeling of
forbearance, overlook. Mr. Ramshay on Monday,
and again on Wednesday, under pretence of excusing
himself and strengthening the case against us, insi-
diously sought to wound the natural affections of the
gentleman who instructed our advocate—not an ob-
scure attorney, but a solicitor who
Thestands beside
those who ornament the profession.
Judge did not hesitate to remind him of his
ll4rearnheaed
death, and dared to insinuate that we
aidedot
in
killing him—an audacious falsehood, that could be
uttered with impunity nowhere but on the bench.
The late judge of the County Court was so much
respected by us as a lawyerbnd so much venerated
aaf one of the best classical scholars in Europe,
that not a single word hurtful to his feelings was ever
written by us. Mr. Ramshay bas provoked a letter
from a son of the late Mr. Lownes ; and if Mr. Ram.
Ala/ be the man he describes himself, he has imbibed
froo that calm and dignified remonstrance a bitter-
ne,as of heart that will endure till death.
The persecution to which we have been exposed,
attul which had reference less to the alleged offence
tIlL" to imaginary libels, has brought to our side
tr'P' of old and crowds of new friends, who have
I:Ll'l°' our cause their own. In our own profession
a generous
warmth has relieved us from the neces-
siay—even the
has been repeated what comment, unless we
and
we need not declare already admirably
tosaoidn;e
ova grateful we are and
all. We have only
sider the moral of zatro add, that as we do not con-
sider
history will pass
away with the mere de;
we cannot regard Ile
which has been aroused as
ainetnee Of the deplorable hero,
Taity of the indignation
Tact of it. In these popularePr°l3"tioned to the °b-
and the people learn a great lexeiteraents the actors
painciplea at stake ; and that ss°l"—the value of the
lesson lasts.

_ _............
On Tuesday, while the down train at naiad y from
Ayr to Glasgow was waiting at the Dairy junction 1-I,—„
Alacbride, grocer, Salcoats, en his way to lialmarnock'bja°---a
very narrow escape from being killed. Ile was standingd
We platform awaiting the tram from Glasgow to Xihi-,„°r-_•
nikek, when, recollecting that he had forgetten a parcel in the
earriage he had been in, he stepped from the platform, and
was crossing the rails in order to regain it, keeping all the
*while an observant eye on the advancing train from Glas-
gow, but FEtemingly quite unaware of the one from Kil-
marnock approaching; behind him. This was within a few
:Cards of him. Shouts of alarm and screams of horror ema-
nxted from the onlookers—all were unheeded. liis fate
seemed certain when a railway guard, disregarding his own
I.K \r, ,V.--N‘ peril, sprang
tr..' ~ ----.._..? \ fo'rward, and pushed him off the rails. Both
A 10"1 14./,,, ; fell together, but quite. unhurt. But for the presence of
,
of the guard his death would have
- ,
it
• ?hien inevitable. The name of the guard, we understand. is
Yam Auld. His bold (" . iiplalritarnoCh 414/7ial,
exertion ought not to paPastunuotic:d.
, •-•-
..... .1-1

J ,~~
~~ , ..~'

- -
. )

KOSSUT lI'S ADDRESS TO THE
DEMOCRATS OF MARSEILLES.
Citizens,—The Government of the French Re-
public having refused me permission to traverse
France, the people of Marseilles, yielding to the im-
pulse of one of those generous instincts of the French
heart which are the inexhaustible source of the noble-
ness of your nation, has honoured me by a manifesta-
tion of its Republican sentiments—a manifestation
honourable for its motives, manly for its resolution,
peaceable in its ardour, and as majestic in its calmness,
as nature, the grand image of God, before the tem-
pest. I have heard my name blended with the hymn
of the " Marseillaise," and with the shouts of " Vive
la R6publique !"—a cry which is the only legal one
in France ; the only one whose legitimacy has been
won by the blood of the martyrs of liberty !
It is so natural to love freedom ! It is so light
to suffer for it! It is almost less than a mere
duty ; but there is, indeed, a supreme glory
in the thought of being identified with the principle
of liberty in the mind of the French people. I have
no desire
for glory—but this glory I accept, in order
to merit it. I accept it as a pledge of common in-
terests (solzdarzte), and I accept it as a testimony of
the fraternity of the French nation with all nations.
I accept it as the sign of salvation for my beloved
country. To you, Frenchmen ! Republicans ! is the
honour of that salvation To us, poor Hungarians,
the duty of meriting it ! We shall merit it I My
nation will understand the appeal of your fraternity.
It will be proud of, and bravely respond to it, as those
ought to do who are honoured in being called "bro-
thers " by the French people. These are the only
thanks worthy of the people of Marseilles ; worthy
of that manifestation with which they have honoured
me—yet not me, but my nation I and in my nation,
the past less than the future !
Permit me not to speak any more of the refusal of
the Government of the French Republic to grant me
a passage through its territory. I know that the
French people are not responsible for, and are not
identified with its acts. I know that neither M. L.
N. Bonaparte, nor M. Faucher, are the French nation.
I knew, and I know, that the Executive Power is de-
legated to them, but that the honour of the French
nation is not in their keeping. I shall no longer bear
in mind their refusal, and I desire that humanity
shall not remember it, if by any chance those who
have been already in esile, and who, to all appear-
ance have forgotten it, should again be so. Last
eveni
ng one of your brethren (of our brethren), an
operative of Marseilles—oh ! I know his name, and
I shall not forget it—came, in spite of the
cold, and swimming through the water, on board the
American frigate, to press my hand. I pressed his
hand with pity, with emotion, and gently reproached
him for his temerity. " Que voulez vows ?" he an-
swered, "I desired to touch your hand, I could not
find a boat, I took to the water, and here I am. Are
there any obstacles to him who wills ?" I bowed to
these noble words. The love of liberty, the senti-
ment of duty and fraternity, were mine before coming
to Marseilles, but it is at Marseilles that I have
found the motto, " There are no obstacles to him who
wills." That motto shall be mine. Vive la Repub-
lique ! Health and fraternity !

LOUIS KOSSUTH,
Marseilles Roads, on board the frigate Mississippi,
of the United States, Sept. 29, 1851.

IRELAND.
RETURN OF LORD CLARENDON.

DUBLIN, SATURDAY EVENING.-It is authorita-
tively announced that the Earl of Clarendon returns
to Dublin early next week from his prolonged visit in
London. Tuesday is the day named for his arrival at
the Castle.