The Sun.
London, England, 1851-04-03 00:00:00

APPOINTMENTS.

WOOLWICH, APRIL 2.—Lieutenant Richard H. Risk
(1811), to the command of the Tartarus steam-vessel, of
136-horse power, at Woolwich. The gallant officer has
hoisted his pendant, and commenced entering men to-day,
for service in protecting the fisheries on the north coast of
Scotland.

DESCENT OF THE DUKE OF BRUNS,
WICK IN all. GREEN'S BALLOON.

HAsTiNcs, Arum 2.—Mr. Charles Green, who left in the
Victoria balloon, with the Duke of Brunswick, on ➢londay
afternoon, for France, arrived here again last night by mail.
It appears from the statement of the aeronautic veteran, that
the balloon, which left Hastings at about twenty minutes
past one in the afternoon, retained a south-easterly course till
about twelve miles from the English shore. The wind then
carried them southward. When somewhat short of mid-
channel the balloon was almost becalmed, and took a low
level, so that by means of a speaking-trumpet the occupiers
of the car could converse with the crews of some fishing-
boats which appeared beneath them. On getting further
from the English coast the balloon again got into a current
setting to the south-east. The gas at this period became
much expanded by the action of the sun's rays, and the balloon
ascended to a height of 4,000 feet. The safety-valve at the bot-
tom of the balloon then began to act, owing to the great ex-
pansion of the gas, and the escape which ensued caused a gra-
dual descent, till the appendages to the guide-line, styled by
Mr. Green the "compensating weight," and which we de-
scribed in our account of the ascent, came upon the surface
of the water, whereby the downward progress was checked,
owing to the diminished weight depending upon the machine.
Before arriving at this point, the aeronauts had enjoyed a
magnificent view of the English coast, extending from Dun-
geness point to Beachy Head—the long line of coast glowing
in the vivid rays of a resplendent sun. When about 20 miles
from the French coast they obtained a view of a portion of
the shores of France.

At length the land appeared so near at hand that the
grapnell was lowered. The shore was found to have been
left by the ebbing of the tide, and the sands were observed
to be of great extent. Two men were seen uponwalkingithits
the sands, and as the balloon passed over them,
andw was
guide line trailing behind, one of them caught at
h theforthwith per-
rope got under the feet of his companion,. w
and
immediately seen to be dashed violently uponne eiat'rth. The
,however, were
formed a complete somersault in the air
placed hors de combat. The unfortunate
eventually seen to regain their legs, doubtless convinced of
the fallacy of endeavouring to catch a balloon.
The land in the vicinity of the shore was observed by Mr.
Green to be of an undulating character, apparennly ill.
adapted for the purpose of a descent ; he, therefore, pro-
ceeded onward till he surmounted a lofty hill, the summit of
which he cleared at an elevation of about 50 feet. Ile then
descended rapidly. In the valley appeared a village, from
Duke
seen to emerge. The
p
inspgeterduimlypet, and shouted direc-
tions h lsaciodr
he s e
lodf
epfe o
hpilse
e w
sae r
k
to the peasantry how to act. The balloon reached the
earth almost without a shock, and abundance of attendance
being promptly rendered the aerial visitor was soon made
fast, and the Duke and Mr. Green alighted, finding them-
selves in the fields near Neufchatel, about 10 miles south-
west of Boulogne. A. railway station appeared half a mile
off, situate on the Boulogne and Amiens Railway. His High-
ness proceeded at once to the station, and almost imme-
diately took his seat in a train en route for Paris ; while Mr.
Green, having discharged his gas, got the balloon packed up
and proceeded therewith in a cart to Boulogne, where he
arrived at about 10 o'clock at night.
The descent was made at a few minutes after six o'clock,
the voyage having occupied nearly five hours, while the dis-
tance traversed was reckoned at full 60 miles. Mr. Green
styles his trip as an "aqua-aerial" voyage, and describes it
as having been most delightful not only to himself, but also
to his Highness, to whom one great recommendation was
the absence of all sensible motion.

The gas, furnished by the Hastings:Gas Company, is stated
by Mr. Green to have been of excellent quality, the clerk of
the works, Mr. Ginner, and his foreman, Mr. Inkpen, having
carried out the wishes of Mr. Green to have a supply of gas
as free from carbon as possible.

THE TEETH.—How often do we find the human
face divine disfigured by neglecting the chiefest of its
ornaments, and the breath made disagreeable to com-
panions by non-attention to the teeth! Though perfect
in their structure and composition, to keep them in a
pure and healthy state requires some little trouble; and
if those who are blessed with well-formed teeth knew
how soon decay steals into the mouth, making unsightly
what otherwise are delightful to admire, and designating
unhealthiness by the impurity of the breath, they would
spare no expense to chase away these fatal blemishes.
But although most ladies are careful, and even particu-
lar in these delicate matters, yet few are sufficiently
aware of the imperative necessity of avoiding all
noxious or mineral substances of an acrid nature, and of
which the greater part of the cheap tooth-powders of
the present day are composed., It is highly satisfactory
to point out Messrs. Rowlands Odonto, or Pearl Denti-
frice, as a preparation free from all injurious elements,
and eminently calculated to embellish and preserve the
dental structure, to impart a grateful fragrance to the
breath, and to embellish and perpetuate the graces of the
moutb.--Court Journal.

THE INCOME TAX.
A proceeding has been mentioned in connexion with the
income-tax more objectionable than anything that has yet
transpired. It appears that the City Comfnissioners, through
one of their officials, have actually begun to ask the heads of
mercantile establishments the amount of salary paid to each
of their clerks, in order, as he said, to " check " the returns
made by those gentlemen themselves. In the instanee
which has come to our knowledge the application WAS
made to a partner in one of the highest and most , re-
spected City firms, and when the object of it was made
known it was instantly and most properly re-
fused. The chances are, however, that in other cases
the information will be given hastily, before the
nature of the inquiry is fully appreciated, and that thus a
system of espionage will come into vogue, the principle of
which may be extended to all other persons. If secret in-
quiries are to be made of employers there is no reason why
also information should not in turn be extracted from clerks
or assistants. In this way a bookkeeper may be asked the
profits of a house in order to " check" the statements of its
members, and the assistant of a professional person, or the
servant of a tradesman, may be adroitly worked upon
to the same end. Once admit that these Com-
missioners have a right to obtain a knowledge of
people's affairs through any other than public sources,
and there is no end to the machinery that may be set to
work for the purpose throughout the country. All that they
are entitled to demand is the duly-signed return of the party
to be taxed, and if from fair and open causes they hare rea-
son to distrust that return, they may increase the assess-
ment at their pleasure, and let him resort to his right of ap-
peal. The power thus conferred is unpopular enough, and
good management and discretion are essential to conduct the
process and to prevent it from becoming so odious as
to cause
a public clamour that shall render im-
possible a continuance of direct taxation, and
there is consequently no condemnation too strong
for those who risk the destruction of the advantages which
that mode of taxation confers by such conduct as seems now
to be pursued. By maintaining its unfair exemptions and its
flagitious scale, the Chancellor of the Exchequer has done his
best to provoke its being swept away altogether; and it only
requires a few instances such as the City Commissioners ap-
pear likely to furnish to render its doom unavoidable. The
cry will then be that direct taxation has been tried and
of their tparkejeudice, and to show that it was nota
cfaoimlemd,unaintyd waste of years to disabuse the
the principle itself which resulted in failure, but the in-
justice and incapacity with which it was sought to be ad-
ministered.

JOSEPH 11. AND THE MONKS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN,
Srh,—The following may serve to show what Joseph
11., of Austria, thought, of monks. In 1781 that Em-
peror (born, as they say, in Austria, half a century too
soon) thus wrote to the Archbishop of Salzburg:—
"My Prince,—The interior administration of my
states exacts from me a prompt reform. An empire over
which I reign must be governed according to my prinei-
pies. Prejudices, fanaticism, despotism, and the slavery of
mind must disappear; and each of my subjects must resume
the exercise of his natural rights.
" Monachisna has attained an intolerable excess in
Austria.
" I have appointed a commission, charged with the
duties relative to the suppression of superfluous convents.
When I tear off the mask of monachism, and transform
the useless monk into a productive citizen, I then hope
that more than one of those factious slaves will speak
otherwise than they now do of my reforms.
"My task is difficult. It is no inconsiderable affair
to reduce this army of monks, and to make men of these
fakirs, before the shorn heads of whom the vulgar pros-
trate themselves with respect."
In another letter he says—
" Since the time I have succeeded to the first diadem
in the world, philosophy has regulated my actions.
Austria must assume another than her present form.
• • . As I detest superstition and her Phari-
sees, I will give freedom to my people. For this pur-
pose I will drive out the monks—l will suppress their
convents."
In 1784, Joseph wrote Pius Vl.:
" I have suppressed the superfluous convents, and
congregations still more superfluous. Their revenues
are appropriated to maintain useful curates and primary
schools," &c.
Joseph (adds the author from whom I quote) was in-
deed a great man; but the bigotry and selfishness of the
world would not appreciate him when he lived, &c.
I am, Sir, yours, &c.

March 25.

WATCHMAN.

SEABORNE MAILS.
[N signifies that the mails are sent frost the General Pest-dace
by the night—and Id by the morning—dispatch.]

•
' When made up in I From what
When
PLACES. General Post-office port dis-
Londoa. patched. due.
America (by Brit. pkt.)N April 4 .. .. Liverpool .. April 7
America (by U.S. pkt.) N April 8 .. •• Liverpool .• April 13
America (by U.S. pkt.) M April. 23 .. .. Southampt. April 10
Africa (West coast).. N 14th of the month Plymouth April 2
Alexandria* ........ N 19th & 30th of mo. Dover .. April 1$
Belgium .. .. •. N Daily .. .. .. Dover .. Daily
Brazil .. • .. 31 9th of the month Southampt. April 12
Buenos Ayres .. .. 31 9th of the month Southampt. April 12
California(viaChagres)M 17th of month ISouthampt. Apr 1 5
Cape of Good Hope N 14th of month Plymouth.• April 3
Constantinople* .. • • 2417th 17th 27th of mo Dover .. April 10
Central America .. M2d & 17th of mon. ISouthampt. April 5
Channel Isles • • .. N Mon., Wed., &Fri.lSoutkampt. Tn. Th.S a
Chili .. .. .. . M 17th of the month Southampt. April 20
France .. .. 31 & N Twice daily .. .. Dover .. Twieedally
Greece* . • .. • • N7th 17th 27th ef mo Dover • • April 10
llamburgh .. .. N,Tuesday & Friday London .. Tues. Sat.
Holland .. • • .. hi IWednes. & Satur. London .. MOPI.Thvr
Honduras .. .. . N 17th of the meatb,Southarnpt. April 20
Ireland .. ••31 & N Twice daily .. .. !Holyhead .. Twicodally
India (via Southamp.) M,2oth of the month Southampt. April 28
India (viaMarscilles) K7thlk, 24th ofmontlOover • • April 23
Mediterranean (via I I
Southampton) .. 21'20th of the month Southampt. April 28
Mediterranean (via
Marseilles) .. .. N,7th& 24th of month Dover • • April 23
Mexico .. .. .. 33'2d of the month.. ISouthampt. April 5
Madeira •• •• .. Ml9th of the month (Southampt. April 12
i Malta.
..
.. 21 f 711,1107t1h0,1f9mtho,n27fitihi } Dover April 10
Naples* .. •• •• N sth 15th 25th ofmo Dover •• April 2
Papal States* .. .. .N sth 15th 2.5 th ofmollovPr .. April 2
Peninsular.. •• .. M 7th 17th 27th of mo Southampt. April 5
Peru .. .. • • .. It 17th of the month Southampt. April 20
Tuscany* .. .. .. N sth 15th 25th of mo Dover • • April 2
West Indies .. .. M 17tk of the month I Southarapt. (April 20
West Indies (except
Havanna & Nassau) 3.112 d of the month .. I Southampt. !April 5

Naples* ..
Papal States* N
Peninsular.. • •
Peru • •
Tuscany* ..
West Indies ..
West Indies (except
Havanna & Nassau) M 2d of the month .
* The mails to those c ountries thus mar
French packet via Marseilles.
CALIFORNIA.—MaiIs to and from Califon(
are now despatched and due by every Amer]

Southampt. April 5
ed ('►) are conveyed by

fa, via the United States
lean packet.

The first manufactory for spinning by machinery,
in Austria, has just been founded at a place called Eipel, on
the frontier of Bohemia and Silesia.

THE MAILS.—SOUTHAMPTON, WEDNESDAT, APRIL
2.—The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company's ship Dee,Cap-
tain W. Allan, sailed this afternoon at three o'clock with the
usual mails for the West Indies, Spanish Main, and Gulf of
Mexico, in charge of Lieutenant Brown, R.N., Admiralty
agent. The Dee takes out 77 passengers, among whom are
Commodore M‘Quhae, for Jamaica, and Lady Alleyne, for
Barbadoes, also a good general cargo, and specie value
23,500/. sterling. The United States' mail steamer Hermann,
Captain E. Crabtree, was to leave New York on the 29th of
March, and may be expected to arrive off Cowes on her way
to Bremen, about the 13th inst. The steam ship Franklin,
Captain J. A. ootton, was appointed to leave New York
on the sth inst., and may be looked for here about the 17th
or 18th inst., en route to Havre.
NURSERY TALE Fos NoVICES.—Lit-tle Red Ri-
ding Hood had a large I'or-tion. It was ve-ry rich and fat.
ye was
aws with her
Li t
great-tl eplotre_dt
°lnt i
d n "ow do you de ?"
a-long, a large Wolf met her, andsai
well, I thank -din-(tllevlerats-kouett. for
et. go-ing
Lit-tie Red Ri-ding Hood 'said, "Very you,
Sir." She did not know the Wolf was a Wolf, for he did
olf in Sheep's Clothing. But Lit-tle Red
so he WAS a W
not look like one. He had on a long black wool-len Gown,
Lit-tle Red Iti-ding H od thought be was a ho-ly Man. The Wolf said,
Ri-
ding Hood said, "I am go-in
,g to play." "Ah 1" said the
Wolf, "take care.
Here comes the Old Man to run a-way
°` Where are you go-ing my lit-tie Dear ?"
Red with you." Then Lit-tle Pi-ding be-gan to cy,
he- cause she was a-fraid. Then the Wolf said, " Lome along
with
me, my Dear, and I will hide you in my nice lit-tle
House, where you will be safe from the Old Man. So
Lit-tle Bed Ri-ding Hood went a-long with the Wolf, and
the Wolf took her to his Den. And when he had got her
there, be made her give him her Bas-ket, and go into his
Den. And then he shut her up in his Den, and went a-way
to his Tiro-ther Wolves, and the Wolf and the o-ther Wolves
ate up her Por-tion be-tween them. Lit-tle Red Ri-ding
Hood a 3 ne-ver seen a-ny more, and no one knows what
be-came of her, on-ly that the Wolf kept her in his Den till
she died. Lit-tle girls should not lis-ten to Wolves in
Sheep's Clo-thing, for fear they should be served like Lit-tle
Red Ri-ding hood.- Punch.
REPAVEMENT OF LONDON-BRIDGE.—In Conse-
quence of the anxiety manifested by the Bridge-house Es-
tates Committee, connected with the Corporation of the
city of London, that that important thoroughf are- the ca
riage-way of London-bridge—should be repaved as rapidly
as possible, Mr. Chadwick, the contractor, has, in obedience
to their wishes, put upon the work a large number of hands.
Although the breaking-up of the ,roadway was not Com-
menced until Monday morning last, above two-thirds of the
paving stones, on the western side, have been removed, and
a considerable portion of the track tilled in with granite
blocks of excellent quality. Larger ones, similar to kerb-
stones, being laid longitudinally fret" the southern to the
northern shores of the Thames. The surveyor to the City,
Sewers' Commission having reported ths_it during the tempo-
rary and but partial stoppage of the traffic on this great line
of way it would be desirable that_ the pavement of King
William-street should be relaid .during the progress at the
works at the bridge, an order has been made thereupon,
tecle win
Lon dbe ear '
which order it is exec tied out
ously with the great work at n-bridge, nowsimult ao aatisene-
-
faetarily proceeding under the e
superintendence of the con-
tractor and his principa!,,loreman iss
Cleave.r. lt is ex-
pected that the work be completed by the Ist of May
next.
OxroaD, APRIL a convocation held this
day, the SUM of 4001.
was granted out of the University
chest to the Professor of Botany, towards the cost of erecting
two new conservatories for the cultivation of tropical, aqua-
tic, And orchidaceous plants, with the incidental expenses.
LIFE IN D.EATIL—Some twelve years ago the son
of a respectable file-manufacturer, carrying on business in
the parish of Norton, near this town, had occasion, on matters
of business, to proceed to the continent, and while there, he,
along with two or three of his compatriots, paid a visit to
the celebrated field of Waterloo, bringing away with him, as
a souvenir of the battle, a skull. This relic after having
undergone various vicissitudes, was a year or two ago placed
in the garden of the above-mentioned manufacturer, where
it has lain, comparatively little heeded, until about a fort-
night ago, when a fine healthy primrose plant, in full vigour,
and bearing several beautiful flowers, was discovered grow-
ing in the cavity of the skull,—Sheffield Independent.

DISTRESSING AND FATAL OCCURRENCE ON THN
FRITH OF' Fotatt.— On Tuesday week a fishing-boat, with 22
persons on board, proceeded up the Frith to gather shall-fish.
In the evening about eight o'clock, the boat suddenly
,struck
on the rock off Aberdour, known as the " Haystack,' when
it instantly filled with water, and the whole party were in
the utmost danger. They remained in the boat immersed to
a considerable extent in the water till three o'clock next
morning, when providentially their cries ware heard from the
shore, and assistance being immediately obtained, they were
brought to the land. Two of the children on board died from
exposure to the wet and cold, while the others were in a
wretched condition.
It is expected that Captain Milne, one of the Lord,
of the Admiralty', will succeed Captain Sir John Bill tin,
path:l3ooot vf Poptfo4 Victualling glut DQqii 1.4140,