The Sun.
London, England, 1833-12-25 00:00:00

" LATEST FROM MEXICO.

"By the arrival of the Splendid from Vera Cruz,
pipers to the 31st of October have been received. They
annouree the defeat of the main body of insurgents at
\lellado, and that the town of Goanaxuato had been en•
stered by Santa Anna's troops, without opposition.
" Accounts from the city of Mexico of October 26th
state, that official communications from the military com-
mandants of Atnozoque, Chalchicomula, and Tehuacan,
have been received b) the Commandant. General of Puebla.
The first states that General Duran (chief of the insur-
gents), i❑ passing from Huamanila to Nopalucon, sulfc.red
much from desertion. His force on reaching Nopalucon
was reduced to less than 400 horsemen. The second
says, that on the night of the 18th the division of Doran
lodged at the hacienda of San Pedro, near Chalchieomula,
and that on the 19th it marched in the direction of
Oaj ica. The third confirms the seine statements, and
adds that Duran arrived at Telmaean on the 20th, with
300 or 400 horsemen, and on the following day took the
road to Oajaca.
" Santa Anna arrived in the city of Mexico on the
20th, with 425 prisoners—viz., 1 Colonel, 3 Lieutenant-
Colonels, 16 Captains, 14 Lieutenants, 24 Sub-Lieute-
nants, 20 First Sergeants, 31 Second ditto, 47 Corporals,
and 270 privates.
" Don Luis de Valle has been appointed Consul for
Mexico at New Orleans.

" General Santa Anna, it is rumoured, has expressed a
determination not to resume the executive chair, but to
retire to his estate, and leave the Vice• President at the
held of the Government, on account of his health, which
is much impaired.
" A few new cases of cholera had occurred at Vera
Cruz, but the dis,ase was generally on the decline.
" By the brig Avis, Captain Collins, from Vera Clll7,
the editors of the New York Daily Advertiser have re-

ceiveri papers from that city to the /lay of sailing, and from
the city of Mexico to the 2d ; they are filled with inte-
resting and pleasing intelligence. The whole country was
restored to quietness and peace. President Santa Anna
had returned to the city, had published his proclamation
on resuming the civil government, and a new and im-
portant era hod commenced. The feelings and sentiments
of a number of distinguished Mexicans, who have recently
visited the United States, and who now have influence,
are proclaimed.
" There is a great disposition to lenity on the part of
the President ; but the Congress have declared the Pope
without authority in Mexico, and opened the nunneries
and convents, in order that all who choose may return
to civil life. Many of the nuns have availed themselves
of the privilege.
" 'lhe United States schooner Porpoise has been cost
away on the coast; officers and crew saved.
" On Monday, the 28th ult., the law repealing the
11th article of the law of the 6th of April, 1830, which
had passed the House of Representatives, and was sus-
pended in the Senate in a somewhat doubtful attitude, was
reconsidered and passed the Senate unanimously. The law
for the admissio❑ of North Americans into Texas is now
complete ; and a law, authorising foreigners to hold real
es,ates throughout the republic, will doubtle.s soon pass.
Since the President has resumed his office, his time has
been occupied by the great question of the amnesty and
the clergy. Today it has been decided to banish the
obnoxious, anti to limit the executions to a small number
—perhaps, ultimately, none.
" LATE AND IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO.

" After a long- interval we have late and interesting
news from the Mexican Republic, brought by various
arrivals yesterday, our latest d ttes being of the lat instant
from Vera Cruz, and 26th ult. from the city of Mexico.
" The most important intelligence is the restoration of
tranquillity by the defeat of the rebel forces at Guanaxuatc,,
and the capture of the chief of that division, Arista, together
with several hundreds of his followers, all of whom have
arrived in the city of Mexico.
" Duran, the associate of Arista, escaped with a small
pirty of cavalry towards oAjaca, but was pursued by a
superior force, which he cannot resist. A part of the
federal army arrived in Mexico on the 26th ult., and
General Santa Anna would enter the next morning, great
preparations having been made to receive him. It is
stated that he will not take the executive chair, but retire
to his estate and leave the Vice-President at the head of
the government, his health having been ntuch impaired
during the recent and very arduous campaigns. There is
1

now no fear of any further disturbinces breaking out.
" The present party being settled down in power, it
remains to be seen how far a wholesome system of reform
will be adopted by the Government and Congress, during
their session, which, after a long interruption, is again
resumed.
" The cholera had subsided in the most populous parts,
and was fast leaving the country.
" A convoy of specie was to leave Mexico about the
15th inst., for Vera Cruz.
" The packet of the Ist of November would be detained
until the sth inst.

" Robert Wilson was still under 6eizure, no decision
being yet given by the tribunals of Vera Cruz.
"Imports bad been very heavy, particulirly from Europe,
and the number of vessels in port was unusually great."

THE HEADSMAN, BY MR. COOPER.-
The author of " The Spy" is indisputab'y next to Sir
Walter Scott in exhibition of character by dialogue, and
by the production of the light attendant incident which
renders it pointed and illustrative. The story of Sir
Walter Scott often halts during this species of display, and
possibly so the recent novels of Cooper. This observa-
tion may be freely allowed, in respect to " The Heads-
which will, no doubt, be read universally, and
always with a conviction that whatever criticism may
have to plead in the way of abatement, the head of gerniie
is always visible, and the vivida vis anima traceable
from beginning to end. The scene of this new and
beautiful subject is laid in the most romantic dis-
trict of Switzerland, and the events attendant on a sudden
storm on Lake Leman, are described with that power
which distinguishes all this author's sea scenes. His de-
scription of a storm scene by land, amid the mighty Alps,
is equally energetic.— Globe.

• -
NORTH MAGNETIC POLE.-At a meeting
of the Royal Society on Thursday evening last a memoir
was read from Captain Russ of the discovery of the North
Magnetic Pole. He began by stating the importance
attached to the solution of this difficult and perplexing
problem, assigning as the chief impediment to its investi-
gation hitherto the unequal distribution of magnetic influ-
ence, and the difficulty of approaching the magnetic foci.
Great advances, however, had been made : Professor
Faraday all but demonstrated the identity of magnetism
and electricity ; the observations of Sabine, Franklin,
Parry, Foster, &c., had shown in what direction the point
of magnetic concentricity was to be sought. 1.1,-fore leaving
England, Captain Ross bad obtained from the Admiralty
a dipping needle, constructed by Jones, whose accuracy had
been tested in previous expeditions, From some defect in
the vertical circle the observations made prior to 1831 are
not very perfect, but that defect was remedied when dis-
covered. The table of observations showed that the diffe-
rences of observations were remarkable and great; but they
also proved the tendency of errors to correct each other.
When, from these observations, the direction in which the
magnetic pole should be sought bad been determined with
tolerable precision, it was feared that it could only he ap-
proached by a land journey, the accomplishment of which
was beyond the limited powers of the expedition. But
these fears were dispelled by the discovery of the Great
Western Ocean. The party first sent to explore brought
back only some imperfect indications of the object of their
search, because they could only take with them a small
supply of instruments; but when it appeared that another
winter should necessarily be spent in these regions, Capt.
Ross made the necessary preparations for a more accurate
survey. In May, 1831, he landed on the coast, a,,d soy
a se.ies of observations determined the place of the mag-
netic meridian, and, at least approximately, the position
of the magnetic pole. Captain Ross detailed minutely all
the tests used to determine that the place where he stood
was the point of magnetic concentricity, and, so far as the
evidence of instruments is decisive, the fact of the disco-
very was established. But he candidly added, that further
investigations, and more especially accurate observations to
the north-west and south-west of the place indicated, are
necessary to ascertain the limits of error. These investi•
gations he deemed an object worthy of national attention,
because magnetism was peculiarly a British science. Be-
-ides ascertaining the position of the pole it would be also
of importance to determine its diurnal and annual motion,
and its periodic variations, if any such exist. The place
ascertained to be either the precise spot, or one in its itn-
medice vicinity, was easily attainable; and he expressed
his hopes that the British flag would soon wave on the
magnetic pole. In the course of this interesting paper,
Captain Ross paid a merited compliment to the generous
and liberal conduct of Felix Booth, E-q., by whose aid
chiefly the gallant officer was enabled to proceed on bis
important enterprise.--Athen""l.