The Sun.
London, England, 1834-07-03 00:00:00

SPAIN.

The Madrid Gazette of the 19th instant, contains se-
veral decrees. By a royal decree, dated the 18th, the
Regent of Spain accepts the resignation of Don Jose de
Imaz, Minister of the Finances, who retires in consequence
of ill health. In this decree, the Queen expresses her sa-
tisfaction with zeal and loyalty displayed by the ex-minister
in the exercise of his functions. By another decree, Don
Jose Imaz is elevated to the rank of procer (peer) of the
realm. Another royal decree, dated the 18th, appoints
Don Jose Maria Quiepo de Llano, Count de Tore-
no, to be Minister of the Finances. Another royal
decree, dated the 16th, ordains the appointment for
each ministerial department of an under-secretary of State,
who shall take charge of the details of business, under the
orders and instruction of the ministers, to the end that the
latter may apply themselves more particularly to the im-
portant task of reforming the public administration, and in
order that the transaction of public business should not
be retarded by the absence of ministers, whilst attending
their duties in the sittings of the Cortes.
A royal decree, dated Carabancha, June 17, naming 86
proceres (peers) of the realm, is as follows :^
" In virtue of the prerogative appertaining to me as Queen
Regent, during the minority of my august daughter, Donna
Isabella 11., conformably to art. 2 of the Royal Statute, I
have name proceres of the realm to take their seats in the
estamento of that class With the Grandees of Spain, to whom
the right belongs, and as combining the conditions prescribed
by the aforesaid fundamental law, the Very Reverend Arch-
bishops, the Reverend Bishops, titles of Castile, persons raised
in dignity, or illustrious for their services and merit, who arc
hereafter designated :
" The Duke de Bailen, Captain- General of the royal armies,
member of the council of regency, and president of the royal
council of Spain and the Indies ; Don Pedro Jose Fonte,
Archbishop of Mexico, member of the council of regency ;
the Marquis de las Amarrillas, Lieutenant-General, member
of the council of regency ; Don Jose Ramon Rodil, Lieute-
nant-General, captain-general of Estremadura ; Don Ignacio
Rivees y Mayor, Archbishop of Burgos ; Don Jose Palafox y
Melci, Captain-General of the royal armies; the Marquis de
14Ounson de Newt. Es„A„nat Lieutenant-General, director
of the general military scot ; vua •-• •
of the council of State ; the Count de Carthagena, Lieu-
tenant-General, Captain-General of Gallicia ; the Marquis
de Moncayo, Lieutenant-General, Captain-General of Old
Castile ; Don Francesco Xavier Caro, member of the council
of regency; Don Joaquin Lopez Sicilia, Archbishop of Va-
lencia ' - Don Manuel Fraile, Bishop of Siguenza and Patriarch
of the Indies ; the Count de Guaqui, Lieutenant-General ; the
Marquis de Campo Sagrado, Lieutenant-General, president of
the supreme tribunal of war ; the Count de Clavijo ; the
Count de Teba ' • Don Ignacio de la Pezuela, member of the
royal council of Spain and the Indies ; Don Jose Juan Bonel y
Orbe, Bishop of Cordova; Don Evaristo Perez de Castro..
envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Lisbon ;
the Prince d' Anglona, Lieutenant-General, Captain-General
of Andalusia ; Don Xavier Burgos, formerly minister, secre-
tary of state of the interior ; Don Jose Maria Puigeir, member
of the council of regency ; the Marquis de Santa Cruz y San
Esteban • the Marquis de San Martin de Hombia; Don Eugenio
Bardaxi;Dean of the Section of State of the Royal Council ;
Don Antonio Martinez, Dean of the Section of Finances of the
same Council; Don Hipolito Sanchez Rangel, Bishop of Lugo;
Don Manuel Freire, Lieutenant-General Commandant of the
Cavalry of the Royal Guard ; Don Thomas Gonzales Carva-
jal, Intendant of the Army and Member of the Royal Council ;
Don Ramon Gil de la Cuadra, Member of the same Celina ;
the Count Gonzales de Castejon, Major-General ; the Mar-
quis de Vcsolla y de las Hormozas ; the Count de Guindu-
lain ; Don Miguel Ricardo de Alava, Lieutenant-General and
Member of the Royal Council ; Don Jose Garcia de Leon y
Pizarro, also Member of the same Council ; Don Lorenzo
Ramon de San Blas, Bishop of Huesco ; Don Ramon Lopez
Pelegrin, Dean of the Section of Grace and Justice of the
Royal Council ; Don Juan Alvarez Guerra, Dean of the Sec-
tion of the Interior of the same Council ; the Count Vena-
dito, Captain-General of the Naval Forces ; the Count Ofalia,
Secretary to the Council of Regency ; the Count de Casa
Sarria, Lieutenant-General, Director-General of the Ar-
tillery ; Don Jose Hevia Noriega, President of the Su-
preme Tribunal of Spain and the Indies ; the Marquis
de San Felice ; the Count de Pinofield, President of the
Supreme Tribunal of Finance ; the Count de Santa Ana ;
Don Gayetano Valdes, Lieutenant-General of the Naval
Forces and Captain-General of the Department of Cadiz ;
the Marquis del Cerro de la Cabeza ; Don Manuel de la Bo-
dega, Dean of the Section of the Indies of the Royal Council;
Don Martino Fernandez Navarrete, Dean of the Section of
the Navy of the same Council ; Don Jose Antonio Rivade-
neira, Bishop of Valladolid ; Don Pedro Martinez de San
Martin,Cuba,
Bishop of Barcelona ; the Count de Lieut.-
General, Dean of the Section of War of the Royal Council ;
Don Pascual Evarile, Lieutenant-General, Captain-General
of the Philippine Islands; Don Manuel Llander, Lieutenant-
General, Captain- General of Catalonia ; the Marquis del Ra-
fol ; the Count de Priegue • Don Gaspard de Vigodet,
Lieutenant-General, Member of the Royal Council; the Count
de Monterron ; the Count de Villas Fuertes ; Don Francisco
Jose Segui, Archbishop of Manilla; Don J3las Alvares de
Palma, Archbishop of Granada ; Don Manuel Garcia Her-
reros, Member of the Royal Council • Don Diego Clemencin,
Principal Librarian ; Don Manual jose Quintana, Secretary
to the Board of Interpretation of Foreign Languages ; Don
Antonio Cano Manuel, Member of the Council of State ;
Don Miguel Tacon, Lieutenant-General, Captain-General
of the island of Cuba; Lieut.-General Count de Espeleta,
Captain-General of Arragon ; Don Geronimo Valdes, Lieute-
nant-General, Captain-General of Valencia ; Don Jose Mar-
tinez de San Martin, Major-General and Captain-General of
New Castile ' • Marquis d'Espeja, Major-General, second in
command in New Castile ; the Count Armildez de Toledo,
Major-General, Commandant-General of Navarre ; the Count
de Molino, the Count d'O'Reilly ; Don Vincente Ramon Gar-
cia, Bishop of Almeria ; Don Mariano Lignan, Bishop of
Teruel ; the Marquis de Jura-Real ; Don Justo Maria Thar
Navarro, Member of the Council of State ; Don Francisco
Arango, ex-member of the old Council of the Indies ; the
Count de Villanueva, Intendant of the Havanna ; the Marquis
de la Candelaria de Yaravabo ; the Count de Fernandina ;
the Count de San-Roman, Lieutenant-General, Inspector-
General of Militia; the Count de Montenegro, Major-Gene-
ral, Captain-General of the Balearic Isles ; Don Jose Ca-
franga, Member of the Royal Council ; Don Luis Balanzat,
Major-General, Captain-General of Granada; Don Jacobo
Maria Parga, Member of the Council of State ; the Count de
Toboada.
" And it is my will that to each of the Proceres mentioned
in these presents, there shall be transmitted
ROYALmittedthe HdiploAmNaD,of.,h is
nomination emanating from my Royal munificence.
( Sinned) "WITH THE
To bon Francisco Martinez de la Rosa, President of the
Council of Ministers."
• The Saragossa Journal adds—" A professed brother of
the Convent of the Dominicans at Saragossa, who hadbeen
taken with other individuals of the band of! Caragol, has
• been sentenced by a military commission to sixteen years
military service in the colonies, conformably to the Royal
decree of the 22d January, 1834."
PROSPECTIVE RECOGNITION OF THE SOUTH
AMERICAN COLONIES.
Subjoined are the copy of a note, addressed on the 12th

(Signed) "J. P. VAN NESS."
The following is the translation of the reply of M. Mar.
tinez de la Rosa :

" At the Palace, June 12.
" The multiplicity of business which the department of
State has been charged with since her Majesty the Queen
Regent -eras pleased to intrust me with that office, has pre-
vented my giving an earlier reply to the several applications
-which your Excellency, in pursuance of instructions from your
government, has made to me respecting the importance and
expediency,' to use your Excellency's own words, 'of a prompt
and just arrangement of the American question.'
" Her Majesty, in her wisdom, cannot but be aware of the
advantages of being relieved from an uncertain position, and
of adopting a definite decision in regard to the vast territories
alluded to; and, for my part, if my humble opinion be consi-
dered of any weight in determining the measures of her Ma-
Ksty, I can assure your Excellency that as soon as the late
King Don Ferdinand did me the honour to appoint me to this
department, ten years ago, I called the attentii.n of the Go-
vernment to this interesting question, from the persuasion I
was under of the injury and loss which would accrue from any
de 'lay in the settlement of it ; and because it appeared to me
suite practicable, at least such was then my opinion, as it is
now, to consolidate the interests of our brethren in South
America with the interests of the Peninsula, by the adoption of
a basis reciprocally great and advantageous.
" For the accomplishment of this object his Majesty's Go-
vernment despatched at that period special commissioners who
were furnished with the necessary instructions, and were
directed to announce a cessation of hostilities, and to propose,
as a preliminary step towards the removal of the political diffi-
culties, the re-establishment of the commercial relations of the
two countries. The great events which soon after occurred,
and which are too well known to require being recorded, pre-
vented the fulfilment of the wish, as then entertained by the
Spanish Government, and this great and interesting question
has remained in a state of suspense from that time to the
present.

" The decision of it, however, is desired by the Queen
Regent, who in the government uf 1111 cny is guided by
v. imeritt and enlightened policy, and her Majesty
has accordingly authorised me to communicate to the diplo-
matic agents of Spain in foreign courts, especially those in
Paris and London, the necessary instructions, to the end that
if any commissioners present themselves with powers and in-
ettuctions of a nature to offer to Spain a just and honourable
arrangement, they may afford such commissioners all the faci-
lities and guarantees they may desire, with the assurance that
they will find her Majesty animated by the most favourable
dispositions.

Her Majesty has, at the same time, authorised me to make
to your Excellency this frank declaration, in order that you
may communicate the same to your government, in return for
the wishes expressed by it of an early conclusion of this inte-
resting question ; and as her Majesty feels confident, after
consulting her personal feelings without disregarding the sug-
gestions of a sound policy, that nothing would be more easy
than to effect a reconciliation of parties who, in all respects,
may consider themselves as children of the same family, when
once they shall have consented to an interview. Her Majesty
entertains the hope that as soon as negotiations may be entered
upon in a spirit of sincerity and good faith, the object in ques-
tion, which, as is expressed with much precision in your Ex-
cellency's note, is ' a mutual reconciliation and final conclu-
sion of the differences of the parties advantageous and honour-
able to all, will be completely realised.'
" Renewing to your Excellency the assurance, &c.
(Signed) "F. MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA."

PUNISHMENT OF THE OFFENCES OF

CHILDREN.

There is now confined in Newgate to await his trial a child
only eight years of age, named John Walsby, who was com-
mitted by Mr. Bennett, the Police Magistrate of Worship-
street, and is entered in the calendar as a prisoner for trial, for
stealing the sum of 2s. 2d., the money's of Henry Snowden.
The boy was, on a previous occasion, charged with having
stolen a penny roll before the same Magistrate, who, it is
believed, committed him to prison in the benevolent hope that
the unprotected condition of a poor infant might excite com-
passion amongst those who superintend the prison of Newgate,
and lead to some arrangement likely to save him from utter
ruin. Whatever might have induced the Magistrate to send
the child into the gaol of Newgate, where it is so difficult to
prevent the rapid spread of moral contamination, it is certain
that the warrant of commitment was received with a start of
astonishment, even by those who are in the habit of witnessing
accusations against persons who are not very capable of dis-
tinguishing between right and wrong. The boy entered the
prison with his arm in a sling, having broken it some weeks
previously; and the Rev. Mr. Cotton immediately entered
into conversation with him, and found him to be a mere baby.
" What's this you have been doing ?" said Mr. Cotton.
4‘ The policeman took hold of me, and took it from
me," replied the boy, with a smile. " How much was
It ?" said Mr. Cotton. " It was a shilling and two-
pence, and I suppose the policeman has nicked it—don't
you think so, Sir ?" "I am told it was two shillings and two-
pence?" " No, there wasn't more than one shilling—l took
at out of the till myself." " Oh, you did it upon the sneak,
did you?" The boy, upon Iv-caring the slang word, looked
up, laughing into the face of Mr. Cotton, and said, " Yes,
that's true enough, I did it on the sneak." " And who told
you to do it ?" " I did it myself, there was nobody with me."
" And what were you going to do with it ?" " I'd buy bread
and cakes, and fruit." " When you stayed out all night,
where used you to sleep ?" The boy, laughing, " I used to
go into an old house, and fall fast asleep, when I was tired."
The appearance of the poor child was that of perfect sim-
plicity, and it occurred to the experienced and humane ordi-
"vary, that if ever there was a case which called for a measure
to enforce magistrates to empanel juries de circumstantibus,
and inflict punishment according to the various offences com-
mitted by persons brought before them, this was the case. To
look at this babe in the gaol of Newgate under a warrant of
commitment, the exact copy of that which is authority for the
detention of the most hardened ruffian, would make many
people laugh, but many more weep at such a mockery. If
this poor child had been properly corrected when he first
showed the propensity to pilfer, it would have been unneces-
sary to fasten upon him the opprobrious distinction, in his after
life, of having been committed for a robbery to his Majesty's
gaol of Newgate.

A person of this town has invented a machine, of
a very simple construction, for combing and preparing wool,
and the work done by it is of a superior quality, and is likely
to be generally adopted by the trade.—Halifax Express.
i
AMERICAN WAITERS.--(Front " A Subaltern's
Furlough.")—These are, generally, Irish emigrants, or half-
castes, if I may use an Eastern term ; for though, during my
stay in the United States, I did not enter less than a hundred
hotels, I never saw a waiter whom I could ascertain to be a
free-born American, their pride not allowing them to fill such
places. In country villages, where the attendants arc females,
I have frequently seen the one waiting upon me at the dinner-
table, take a chair near the window, at the other end of the
room, and read a newspaper, until she observed I required any-
thing-i. but dating my whole travels, I never knew a waiting_
'take a similacjibisrty.
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February, 1834, by the Minister of the United Stases to
the Spanish Foreign-office, and the reply of M. Martinez
de la Rosa, dated the 12th of this month :
" Legation of the United States of America,
" Madrid, Feb. 12, 1834.
" In pursuance of the instructions from the President of the
United States, I had the honour, on the 6th of May, 1831, to
address a note to his Excellency Don Manuel Gonzales Sal-
mon, then his Majesty's Principal Secretary of State, stating
that the anxiety which the Government of the United States
had long felt, and which heretofore had been fully made
known to his Majesty's Government, that an amicable and
satisfactory settlement between Spain and her former colonies,
the new American States, should take place, had arisen as
well from regard to the principles of humanity and the inte-
rest of the parties concerned, especially that of Spain, as from
the expectations of benefit of the United States.
" I added that the Government of the United States, with-
out intending or wishing to depart from its settled policy of
not interfering with the affairs of other nations, except by
friendly advice in cases in which it might be thought
suitable, felt itself authorised by the friendly relations
existing between the United States and Spain, and by
the circumstances of the case, to make another ap-
peal to his Majesty on a question of so great and so
general an interest, and that in doing so it indulged a strong
hope that his Majesty would not any longer refuse to open a
negotiation with the new States, but that, on a full and deli-
berate review of the matter, he would be convinced that, in-
dependently of the satisfaction which such an event would
afford to most, if not to all the nations with which Spain had
friendly intercourse, a recognition by his Majesty of the in-
dependence of those States, upon just and proper terms, would
contribute both to the honour and interest of Spain. And I
concluded by suggesting some consideration in relation to the
remaining possessions of Spain in America, which I hoped
would not have been disregarded.
" To the note in question Mr. Salmon favoured me with an
answer, under date of the I 1 th June of the same year, by
which I was informed that the King received my communica-
tion as a proof of the strong interest felt by my Government in
favour of his Majesty, and that as the question was fully pre-
sent to his Royal mind, he would take it into consideration
-when the case might be more favourable, in such manner as
might be most conformable to the interest of his crown, and
that then the friendly communication made by me would not
be forgotten.
" The President of the United States, having deemed the
accession of Donna Isabel the Second to the throne of Spain,
under the regency of her august mother, a favourable occa-
sion for the renewal of his efforts, has directed me to lose no
time in addressing her Majesty's Government on the subject.
" Without entering anew upon the field of argument which
presents itself, it is conceived by the President that all the
considerations which have heretofore existed, and been pressed
upon the Government of Spain, in favour of a conclusion of
this matter upon the basis of the recognition by Spain of the
independence of the states above-mentioned, not only continue
to exist, but have been greatly strengthened by time and cir-
cumstances, and he cannot but persuade himself that the case
will be perceived in its true light by the liberal and enlight-
ened Government of Donna Isabel the Second ; and that one
of the first great acts from which it may be destined to derive
lasting distinction and applause will be a prompt and just ar-
rangement of the American question.
" It only remains for me to add, that the government of the
United States is ready and desirous, as it has ever been, to do
all in its power for the mutual conciliation of the parties con-
cerned, and to facilitate the final conclusion of their disputes
upon terms alike honourable and advantageous to all sides.—
I have the honour, &c.,

LONDON,
THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 3, 1834

Our readers will find under the head " Spirit of the
Journals," an article in the Morning Post, asserting
in no very unequivocal terms, that it is Mr. LITTLE-
TON'S intention immediately to resign the Irish Secre-
taryship, in consequence of a misunderstanding with
Mr. O'CONNELL on the subject of the Coercion Bill.
To this statement we are authorised to give the
fullest and flattest contradiction. It has not an atom
more truth than the Post's assertions usually have.
There is not even the shadow of a foundation for it.

Whatever other merits our contemporary may possess, a
rigid and innhanical adherence to veracity is certainly
not among the number. Its statements, in nine out
of ten instances, are remarkable for developing
the faculty of invention to an extent hitherto attained
only by MANDEVILLE and MU.NCHAUSEN. It is
at home in every species—in every variety of falsehood,
from the lie indirect and insinuated, to the lie direct
and circumstantial. The bouncers it has published
within the last twelve month only might fill a volume—.
might stock a library. And then the gravity with
which our contemporary enunciates them ! The child-
like, unsophisticated simplicity with which it professes
to give credence to them. It is astonishing what
powers of face some folks possess !

The Poor Laws Amendment Bill was brought up to

the House of Lords last night, and, on the motion of
Earl GREY, was read a first time, and ordered for a
second reading on Tuesday next. The occasion which

the bringing up of the Bill presented, for a display o

the reasoning powers of a few Noble Lords of the op-
position, was too favourable to be lost ; and accordingly
several Peers delivered themselves of invectives against
the Bill, to the confirmation of the belief of those who
supported them, of a sheer ignorance of its tendency
principles, and provisions. The most amusing piece
of oratory was the speech of the Earl of MALNIES-,
BURY, who contended that, although the House of
Commons was the fittest place for providing the poor
with relief—in other words, with feeding them—their
Lordships were the only persons who were adequate to
the task of legislating on settlement and bastardy. The
Bill, according to the Noble Earl, ought to have
been divided into three Bills, of which two, the Set-
tlement and Bastardy Bills, ought to emanate from the
brains, and be dandled on the knees of their
Lordships. No doubt a bastardy bill springing from
the head of his Lordship would be as perfect, and as
full-grown, as Minerva leaping from the skull of the
Olympian Jupiter, and we have to express our regret
at the non-appearance of the prodigy ; but if the
Commons have succeeded in perfecting a measure
whose great fault is its birth-place, we cannot see how
consorts with the dignity of a hereditary legislator

to reject it.
Looking a little closer at the Earl of MALNIES
Bußy's speech in opposition to the bill, we find it
embodies nothing but a factious spirit of opposition to
the Government. His Lordship calls for time to de-
liberate, at the moment he is stating that the bill has
been for seventy-six days before the House of Com-
mons. Now, will it be imagined that a measure which
engaged so much of the attention of the Lower House
is so little understood by a member of the Upper, who
can count the hours it was under consideration, that
he still stands in need of some six months to become
acquainted with its details ? The Noble Earl ad-
mits that Peers were all but idle during that time ;
and does he now attempt to have it believed
by the country, that himself and his noble colleagues
in opposition, are ignorant of all that was going for-
ward in the Lower, House of Parliament, because the
technicalities of that assembly would not permit an
express being sent to inform the Noble Lord that the
representatives of the people had entered upon the
discharge of such and such a portion of their legislative
functions ? But the fact is that the Noble Earl,
though he may not well understand the bill, has borne

testimony to the great good that must arise from it :
Take the following two sentences, from the report, of

his speech :

" For his own part he was inclined to believe that much of the
evil experienced by the present poor laws arose out of their mal-
administration (Hear) ; but that great improvement in that res-
pect had of late years taken place. In many parishes which he
knew, a sensible improvement had been effected, and he was per-
suaded it would go on."

Now the improvement which has taken place, for
the last few years, in the administration of the Poor
Laws, is the refusal on the part of parish overseers
of continuing a system of out-door relief. The com-
missioners report that in several parishes in Notting-
hamshire,—in Welwyn in Wales, and various dis-
tricts throughout England, overseers had adopted a
system of steadily refusing all applications from able-
bodied labourers for out-door relief ; and the conse-
quence, in their own words, was—" The industry of
the labourers had been restored and improved ; frugal
habits were created or strengthened ; a permanent de-
mand for their labour had increased ; improvident
marriages had been diminished ; their discontent had
been abated ; and their moral and social condi-

tion had been, in every way, improved." This
was all effected by the refusal of out-door
relief ; and yet, in the very teeth of these facts, at-
tested by clergymen and gentlemen of high character,
we are every day stunned with the awful consequences
which will follow the passing of a bill embodying the
same salutary principle
We cannot on this occasion withhold our gratitude
from the Bishop of LONDON for the mild and concilia-
tory tone in which he supported the principle of the
bill. The venerable prelate saw the whole drift of
the opposition ; and it was worthy of his sacred
character to rise in the manner he did, for
the purpose of casting oil on the troubled waters. We
quite agree with the opinion expressed by his Lord-
ship and the Duke of RICHMOND, that the bill will
have the effect of re-creating a high moral feeling in
the breasts of the labouring population of England,
who, unlike their forefathers a century back, never
look beyond the parish overseer or the workhouse for
the means of support when casually thrown out of em-
ployment. A great deal is talked about the rights of
the poor—what these rights are we shall have another
opportunity of defining.

The Registration
Bill has gone through a com-
mittee of the House of Commons. The report is to
be received on Monday. It is evidently the design of
the Ministers to carry the bill into a law during the
present session. Lord JOHN RUSSELL had the ma-
nagement of it in committee, and was assisted by Mr.
WILLIAM BROUGHAM and Sir JOHN CAMPBELL.
This is just as it should be. The noble lord, who
carried triumphantly the repeal of the Sacramental
Test, and who thus proved himself the able, as well
as the sincere, friend of religious liberty, ought always to-
be regarded by the Dissenters, and, indeed, ever has been
regarded by all those Dissenters, whose good opinion

is of any real importance, as their true friend. No
man of honour and justice could have listened, with-
out pain and even indignation, to the declarations fre-
quently made a short time since, by persons calling

themselves Dissenters, and wishing to be considered
as the warmest friends of religious liberty, that Lord
JOHN RUSSELL was regardless of the interests of
the Protestant Dissenters, and that the Government
were willing to throw them overboard, in order to con-
ciliate the clergy. The truth is now known to be,
that at the commencement of the session the members
of the existing Government, and Lord JOHN RUS-
SELL amongst them, were just as desirous of redressing
all the actual wrongs of the Dissenters, as they are at
present ; and that the premature and ill-judged pro-
ceedings of over-zealous, impetuous, and ill-informed
persons, formed the main, though not the sole, obsta-
cles to their progress. Now, however the great body
of the Dissenters and the government have come to a
thoroughly good understanding, they will prove far
more than a match for their opponents, as the late
elections have sufficiently shown. In all of them, from
Edinburgh to Finsbury, the Tories have been de-
feated, as well as the ultra-Radicals, in consequence
of the good understanding to which we have referred.
Let no man attempt to disturb it. It is neces-
sary to the preservation and firm establishment of
peace abroad, and the growth of civil and religious li-
berty at home ; and if any man there should be, of
any rank or station, who shall attempt to sow the seeds
of dissension again between those who have ever
fought the battles of the Dissenters, with prudence as
well as courage and firmness, from the commencement
of their political career to the present moment, and the
great body of Protestant Dissenters, all sensible men,
will concur in the propriety of regarding that person
as the enemy, not of his country alone, but of the
cause of peace and freedom throughout the world.

We are glad to find that the clergy will have to

thank their ecclesiastical superiors, and not the LORD
CHANCELLOR or the Government, if they are not
allowed to be absent from their livings for a longer
period in the whole year than ninety days. The
Archbishop of CANTERBURY is however in the right.
A minister whose soul is not engaged in the service of
the church—who does not regard the interests of its
members as the supreme and all absorbing object of
his concern, has no business to enter into holy
orders ; and how can such an one delegate his
duties ? How can he transfer to another that
for which he alone is responsible to GOD and man ?
A clergyman's duties can no more be confined to the

,üblic service of religion on Sunday than a physician's.

It is iii trouble, and in sickness, that the consolations-of
the Christian religion arc the most sought after, and
do these never come but on the Sabbath ? But we
shall be told that a substitute is always provided. So
might the physician say—the apothecary is at hand.
But if the curate or the apothecary will do as well as
the vicar or the physician, where can be the
necessity for the latter ? The truth is, that as

the judges are not allowed to serve their office by
their sons or their clerks; as the LORD CHANCEL-
LOR never thinks of placing his Secretary in his place
on the Woolsack or in the Court of Chancery, so the
clergyman never ought to be allowed to undertake a
cure of souls, if he is not both willing and able to
watch over them with unremitting care and attention.
It is the want of this which has rendered it necessary
for the people to look out for other teachers, for they
are too wise wholly to neglect their moral and religious
interests. Hence the increase of Dissenters and Dissent-
ing ministers, and their extraordinaryan ld
daily
' influence in the country. They are ''increasing
heir
always at v..
post
; ever ready to afford that instruction and con-
solation which the clergyman ought to be equally
willing and anxious to supply. The Chancellor and the
Archbishop seem now to be emulous of the honour of
erving the church ; both know that one of the beat

services they can possibly render it, is to se cure the
constant residence of the clergy.
i,

It will be seen from the speech of Mr. P. THOM-
SON last night, that Government are about to remit
duties on a variety of articles to the amount of 150,000/.
a-year. In so doing they are acting on the sound and
just principle of reducing duties to such an extent as
to put an end to smuggling, without any material
injury to the revenue, and more particularly those
duties which act as a drawback on our manu-
factures. The duty on olive oil, and other oils
used for machinery, is to be reduced one-half. This
will be a boon to the manufacturing interest, though it
will in some measure be counterbalanced by the remo-
val of the export duty on coals ; for, by affording ma-
nufacturers on the Continent an abundant supply
of that article, it gives them the greater facility of
rivalling us in the foreign market. The abo-
lition of the duty, however, is justified on
the ground that the article can be obtained in such
abundance in Prussia and France, that by continuing
the restriction we only injure the shipping interest,
without benefitting the revenue, or protecting our home
manufactures. This remains to be seen, but we are
inclined to think that, owing to the superiority of Bri-
tish coal, and the facility with which it can be trans-
ported by sea, it will be preferred in all manufac-
turing towns along the coasts of the Continent.
The duties on all dried fruits arc also to be reduced
one-half. These reductions, no doubt, are intended
partly as a return to France for the removal of certain
restrictions, and the reduction of certain duties on
articles of British manufacture, and will be of con-
siderable advantage to the proprietors of land
in the south, who have well merited encourage-
ment from this country for the strong petitions they
have presented to the Legislature in favour of free
trade. The duty on foreign books is to be reduced
from 5/. to 2/. 10s. the cwt. This is another step
towards the abolition of all checks on the diffusion of
knowledge, and we trust the day is not far distant
when the principle will be carried into full effect.
These changes are not so important in a com-
mercial as a political point of view, for the
greater the intercourse between two countries,
and the more dependant they are on one another for
the necessaries and comforts of life, the less inclined
will they be to go to war. Kings and prime ministers
will, ere long, find it impossible to excite the two na-
tions against each other, merely to serve their own
purposes, or gratify personal dislikes.

The Paris Journals of Tuesday publish a Royal
Ordinance, by which the Chambers—as we have al-
ready mentioned—are called to meet, for the despatch
of business, on the 31st of July. The meeting will
be one of mere form, and after it has taken place, the
Chambers will be prorogued until the end of the year.
The Temps says that the Duke de CAZES has been
appointed Governor of Algiers. The same paper
mentions that the Spanish Government have resolved
on putting down the Carlist insurrection in the north,
by an army of 40,000 men, of which General RODIL
will have the supreme command. The Absolute
Powers are reported to be bent on the submission of
the Swiss Government.

FRENCH FUNDS.—PAnts, Jun- 1.
Five per Cents., 106 f. 35c. 45c
Four and a Half per Cent, 101 f. —c.
Four per Cents., 93f. 70c.
Three per Cents., 77f. 70c. 63c.
Bank Actions, 1,787 E 50c.
Rente de Naples, 94f. 95c.
Roman Five per Cents., 96.
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 3844.
Rente d'Espagnc, Three per Cents., 47.
Royal Spanish an, 81.
Rente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 72%.
Belgian Loan ,*18.31, Five per Cents., 98A.
Haytian Loan, 280 f. —c.

EXCIIANUE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f. 32,4 c.; money, 25f. 30c.
Three months, paper, 23f. 22%-c. ; money,2sf. 20e.
—Cours Authcntique.

The Medea, Phoenix, and Firebrand steamers, and
the Castor (36), Lord JOHN HAY, are to escort her
MAJESTY in the Royal George yacht to Rotterdam.

Accounts to the 25th June have been received
from the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Captain
DUNCOMBE, in the Champion (18), had visited the
principal towns in Catalonia, and reports that the
news of the surrender of Don CARLOS had everywhere
produced the most lively rejoicings. The accounts
from Valencia are particularly favourable, as the ex-
istence of a strong body of Carlists had been sus-
pected in that town.

The Champion was to be at Toulon on the lsi
July, to take a mail to Malta.

That there is a surplus population wanting em-
ployment, or at least unemployed, is certain, because
we hear the fact reiterated from every parish in the
southern counties. That there is also a surplus money
capital that is not employed in works of industry, there

can be as little doubt, because Exchequer Bills are a

a premium equal to the interest payable upon them for
twelve months. Nevertheless, British farmers are with-
out capital. The want of capital among farmers may

be a reason why agricultural labourers are not em-

ployed. But how happens it that British farmers are
without capital, when there is a surplus of unem-
ployed money capital ? It is not less certain that
agriculturalists are distressed, and that distress prevails
also among manufacturers. The distress of the latter
may be accounted for from the distress of the former,
for those engaged in agriculture comprise one-third of
the whole British population, and if one-third be dis-

tressed, that one-third is rendered unable to purchase
of the other two-thirds in proportion to that distress.
We have been led to make these reflections from
observing that there has been a meeting of persons at
Exeter-hall for the purpose of giving a new stimulus
and a new direction to emigration, which it is
insisted should be promoted upon the ground that
we have a surplus unemployed population, and
as the means of removing it ; but if the cause
or causes which have occasioned the surplus shall
continue in operation, of what use is the removal of a
part of the surplus, and that but a small part ? for a
very small number only, compared to the whole popu-
lation, can be removed by emigration, while the effect
of the removal is to deprive us of a portion of the
best of our labourers, and a part of our money ca-
pital, both, of which might be beneficially employed at

home if the cause or causes obstructive of such em-
ployment were removed. That there should be an
increasing surplus of unemployed labour, and an ac-
cumulation of unemployed money capital in an indus-
trious and intelligent country, and this, too, when
confessedly there is a want of capital among the cul-
tivators of the soil, has often struck us as a most singular
anomaly. We have suggested, and beg leave again to
suggest the inquiry, how.happens it that we have an
• .reasing surplus of unemployed labourers, and an

..ccumulation of unemployed money ca-
increasing 1-- cause, or causes, may be, it is
pitai ? Whatever tit, ''Word merely a partial
plain that emigration can at bes, -Iv. to in-
relief, and of a kind which tends, ultimaift,„

crease the evil which it professes to cure. The cause
of the want of employment of labour, and the reason
why money capital refrains from embarking in works
of industry should be investigated. When such cause
and such reason shall be removed, the anomaly will
cease, and we may then have to rue the attempts we
have made, and the encouragement that has been
given to promote emigration. We have an opinion
upon this subject, at which we have oftener than once
pointed. But we are more anxious to stimulate others
to the investigation, than to put forth any opinion of
our own.