The Sun.
London, England, 1833-10-22 00:00:00

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ledge of the facts hire collected.

OR LAWS AND PAUPERS ILLUS-
TRATED. No. 11.
THE HAMLETS," A TALE, 131 r HARRIET MARTINEAU.
We have for some time been impatiently
looking for the second part of the work on pau-
perism by Miss Martineau, published under the
superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion
of Useful Knowledge, in hopes that that popular
authoress would have pointed out an efficient
temedy for the disease which is devouring the
eery vitals of the country. In her first Number
fearfully correct illustration of the working of
41:elePoionr
pasgLaws was given ; in her second, we have
picture of how they ought to work,
tut which it would, in the language of the Poor
v
ommissioners, require the perpetual
~,'`ael Commissioners,e
of the election of 11,000 extraordinary
f ien every year to see in actual operation. Our
1. rs tade shall judge for themselves of the like-
°°d there is of Miss Martineau's wishes be-
11,1.'1:ceomplished in the way she points out.
„ he book opens with the description of a
I
"41. sh, much in the condition of many parishes
pri the south of England at this moment.
o.4llPers have gradually increased, charity has
t oasis died, the farmers have been gradually
t:"lneci, land has gradually gone out of cultiva-
te
It) labourers have gradually become more
idle ' •
b improvident, and insolent, people of pro-
;:ttY have been gradually leaving the parish to
th'ealle the rates, and the poor are about to find
hit they have eaten up the fund that ought to
4ve given them employment, wben a gentleman,
possessing a small property in one of the
411ets comes to the sea side for the benefit of 6 '
daughter's health. His first steps arc thus
eserihed
ilis:„lktr. Barry found not only drunkenness in the streets,
Pith.„-4 on the downs, discontent in the farm house, and
tp,'"g misery in the hovel, but fraud, spreading from the
tcjiaetions of the overseer's office till it tainted all the
le'',l,°D of the place. The servants he bad brought. with
teatil:e_r e 11,0 longer what. they had been ; and it became
is to" difficult to his daughters to deal with
.tradesmen,
tot aseBcaPe from beggars. For his part, his income was
Poor,„ large, but that he felt the pressure of the heavy
thie,;',Bte to be a great grievance ; and it was a melancholy.
he 4 `e look forward to the annual increase which must
lie
wasd under the continuance of the present system.
h°Ptippre, V!ty explicit on the subj.ect of his concernan
ride:enensions with the neighbouring gentlemen at whose
8 he dined, and whom he met at church, or in his.
the 4" %talks • but though they agreed as to the evils
to thgeneral state of things (which nobody could. pret.end
leg tank a good state), there was great difficulty in bring-
Rickety t`47o to assent to any one remedial method. 11Ir.
wages at, the farmer, would hear no more against paying
di
eh out of te rate than Copland, the builder, against
tdad„'lrging then ents frona the same source. Colonel Lee
Petatjt see how the allowance system was to be die-
u With; and the curate, Mr. Shaw, thought it the
tkB duty of Christians to give more and more willingly
'e indigent, the more indigent there were."
11 Ultimately, however, he is appointed to the
d!° fateful and dangerous office of overseer. He
blvides the aged and helpless from the able-
P:°ltd rates every cottager in the parish, ap-
his a new governor to the workhouse, round
folioe" a high wall is built, and then proceeds as
lc
Ras INl°l'k had been to ask for his quarter's rent, thinking
t° avoid all notice of what he had heard of the
114tedilti" °f making no more such payments. Mr. Barry
I;,:lief°ldah,im that the law did not authorize this mode of
mad b '"nk had declared himself unable to pay it, and
tad hided offered an order for the workhouse, for himself
,t ,those tlisfamilY, as the only assistance offered by the law to
ore tt.'"o could not provide themselves a shelter. Monk
Ptrt„"tered something about the magistrates, and de-
Lad very angry at being offered the workhouse, though
-; calked to his wife about claiming it."
Cg 11 • • • • •
Nitl• 2, next man who applied declared that he and his
qelda° wife must starve if their five shillings were with-
hicilited Made no scruple about entering the house ; for
tlero eBn order was therefore immediately supplied. A
1*(4114 °I. idle persons followed his example,
. knowing that
qe considered no bad lot to live in Hurst workhouse,
ikleeliPt the People bad hitherto been allowed to do pretty
too, ivihat they pleased, and whither many would have
t,ileit'''ng ere this, but for the convenience of receiving
their
?ay at home. They found to-day, however, that
llsulations were not at all suitable to the actual state of
1401,111 e doors were thrown open to them without the
illet,,Tt hesitation, and Millar, the new governor, received
it 4.,,i0d1y.
• i°ll Will find everything comfortable, I hope, as
°ll are obliged to be here ; and I shall be happy
Ittit
"'tot'• -
„anY informayou aga intion whic.
Meantime, h may help you
ou to employ-
t,lld release y will find
I ‘'lle4°llc ready for you in the yard. I will show it you
yon
changed our
take , y
.f dress ; and my good woman
Cu NI
°rantarge of your wi e.—.W.alk that. way, friend,
find Mrs. Millar waiting to give you your
tg
4414: t) there was to be a workhouse dress ! that was a
teY and what might the work be ?
at.' °°e-eutting, and a daily portion allotted to each
B
bad could not cut stone ;it was hard work,
▪ Tr ad never tried it.
it now, then • and if you cannot do it, there
p/ Y
earl t° broken.' '
You shall have a hammer ; and
seder
I°r break bones ; but the atone-cutting is the
t of work.'
'tltti:4(l What is my wife to do, while I am breaking
LeShe •
ttwill be employed with the other. women, at
Hie leba; (1. the house. Mrs. Millar will see thatshe
Nr," '4e wants, in the way of work and everything
p‘,4'lled move on, if you please; and when you are
Ile 11,-17 dressed, I shall have done speaking to the
, • I'd you.'
lit Adabs • • • • •
11
078 had soon had enough of it. The stone-cut-
-I,"'+ 11,111_4 his arms to the shoulder-blade, he declared ;
;thlt4,,t °°oe•breaking seemed as likely to break his bones
11,:84t tvh*ch he as employed back would never
, One' otherw choice remained ; there was the
wl• the shed. On hearing of the corn-mill five
-Pillie
."at ;i:ned Adams in choosing that kind of work ;
hem there would not be room for more than half
tottltheir 80 that the other half might take their ease.
file
tl,great disappointment, it was found that the
preatilight be extended to any length, so as to admit the
:tkl/ulatio°,s Of any degree of power, and that the entire
Played " the workhouse, when fullest, might be
it grinding corn.
• • • •
itt; N
tno,,
.oree ever tossed his head and shook his sides
le,ilera atisfaction on being unharnessed, than these
l
;14 eg runade their way to the dinner table, on the
the
4f There was something, however,. te
„eleaw. e aPartment which at once quieted their glee.
`4~pote Na Testi and order put them in mind of Sunday ,
'UtidaYil which they did not like to look back
1,44E1(14:W there Mail nothing very tempting in the share
tut,rt We:" mug of water, which was set for each man.
c. qUite enough food for the most hungry that ever longedgfor his dinner, yet where was the
b
I;ters oat was allowed in the workhouse. The la-
4'tle d:ors found, it difficult,
u tic) gdet beer, anrtd
it? raupers, whom they eipe to suppo k;) b
titll..ouldeel2 , was ever such a thing heard of? Then
, tune tme baste and finish eating, that they might
Ilik:INoe 8 °.4lloke a pipe, before they set to work again.
cheer. °•,..tobacco was even more out of the question
e'l to Div now should their neighbours out of doors
e atvay luxuries when they could barely get
I.Qreli-qt foveae hemselves ?
),(holit the wonder what Goody Gidney would do
; et. snuff and Adams's poor old father without
kitth tea. aed all the aged women, up at Weston, without
ktt,t have 11./‘l"eil was said about cruelty—much that
lhaceop-eben spared—for it was presently explained
eer, and tea were allowed at Weston.
4 •
ther • • • •
Waa nothing to be done at table but to eat

bread and drink water, under the eye of the governor,
every one was rather glad of the signal to be moving
again. Several bad already begun tattooing the floor or
the benches with heels and knuckles, and one or two
seemed half asleep, when their munching was done ;
while certain fidgety persons near swung first one leg
and then the other over the bench, leaned first one elbow
and then the other on the table, and finally folded their
arms and gazed all about, for something to look at. These
jumped up, like schoolboys from their lessons, when the
half hour was up ; but not at all to hasten to work.
" I can't work any more to-day, Sir ; that confounded
grinding has half broke my back; I can't work any more
to•day.'

"'I am sorry for that. You cannot eat any more to•
day, then.'

" Lord ! Sir, I must have my supper.'
" Certainly, if you earn it. Not without.' And
this was all that could be got out of Mr. Millar.
" I can't work any more to-day, Sir,' declared
another ; lam not fit for work.'
" lam sorry for that; what is the matter ?'
" lam not well ; no more fit for that work, than a
ma❑ just out of Barham hospital.'
" The doctor will call presently, and he shall see you.
You can wait here till he comes.'
e • • •

• •
" The doctor came, and considered that there was no

immediate danger, general as this pain of the inside
seemed to he. He thought an emetic this afternoon, and
plenty of camomile-tea to-morrow, would most likely send
it away for a good while. He would probably have been
proved right, if the case had continued as had as when he
saw it ; for the mere sight and scent of the emetic restored
the patient to his place at the corn mill, and prevented any
return of the pain for that day.
" The corn mill was unavoidably noisy, like other corn
mills, and there was some delicate personages among these
paupers who could no more abide noise than some others
could reconcile themselves to quietness. While one was
telling his neighbour that he would not stay to be sent to
sleep with dulness over his meals, three times a day, an-
other vowed he would not remain to have his head shaken
to pieces with the grating of the mill. Others had mis-
givings of a different kind.
" ' I say, Jem, what's to be the end of all this?'

"' No end, that I see. Here we may work away, I
suppose, sawing and sawing, grinding and grinding, as
long as we have to stay.'

" Without ever seeing the colour of money for all our
pains ! Well, work is work everywhere ; but it is twice
as hard where one gets nothing for it.'
" Except such food as one can mostly manage to get
without being kept in prison for it. I had rather have
half a meal, and eat it where and how I please, than a
whole one in a prison. I have no notion of being made a
prisoner because lam poor ; I won't stand it. I will go
and tell the governor so.'

" ' And so will I ; and it is odd if my wife is not of my
mind by this time, if they deal with the wome❑ as they
deal with us. My wife won't consent to go without her
tea, I will answer for her. I'll go and see.'
" The governor came as soon as called, to be told that
it was a very wicked thing to imprison people because
they are poor; to which he fully agreed.
" Then why do you make prisoners of us, Sir? All
because we are poor.'
" ' I always thought that a prison was a place where
people were put in and kept in without their will ;
which is not the case here. You asked to come in ;
ani if you choose to go away again, nobody hinders you.'
" ' I'll take you at your word, Sir, and go ; I'd rather
do anybody's work than yours, any day, and have my li-
berty.'

" With all my heart ;if you can get other work, you
have no business to be here. If you cannot, you will be
thankful for having this place to come to, to earn food and
shelter. As soon as you think you can get work, I would
advise you to go. The doors will be open to-morrow
morning.'
" I'll go to-night, now, before the hour strikes.'
" You know you cannot. The overseer told you that
our gates are opened only once a-day.'
" But you can bid them be opened.'
" Certainly not, to let folks out at night to come back
in the morning. The doors are open once a-day. Go
or stay, as you please; but whichever you do, make your
choice for the day. And now, if you risean to have your
support, it is time you were earning it.'
" Where is my wife? I want to speak to her.'
" She is at her work ; you will have time to learn her
mind in the morning, before you go.'
" There was no resource but work, as before, or idle-
ness and hunger; so back to the corn mill went the com-
plainers. Those who were not complainers—the very
few who had come into the house because they really
could not find a living out of it—worked silently and stea-
dily, as a means of getting bread. They did not turn
aside at every noise that made itself heard from without,
above the creaking and grating of their machine."

This is all very well on paper, and no doubt
would work well where a Mr. Barry and a Mr.
Millar are to be found as overseer and gover-
nor ; but eleven thousand of such pattern people
are not easily found. It is only such people
who will stick at all hazards to the rule that the
pauper must be confined to the workhouse, and
must have harder work, and be worse off than
the independent labourer who helps to support
him. Nothing less than a compulsory enact-
ment of the Legislature can bring such a system
into universal operation, and it is only by some
such process that we can hope to arrive at such
a state of things as will enable us gradually to
dispense with forced contributions for the sup-
port of able bodied labourers.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY.)

FROM LLOYD'S.

DE►L, OCT. 21.—Wind S. W.--Arrived the Claudine,
Heathorn, from Madras—sailed the `_'6th June, and Cape the
22d August; Pomona, Galilee, from Richebucto; and Rhoda,
from Leghorn.

PORTSMOUTH, OCT. 2l.—Wind S.W., blowing hard—Arrived
and sailed from the river the Tam O'Shanter, Cosde, and
Branken Moor, Crosbie, both for the Cape of Good Hope and
Mauritius; and Penyard Park, Middleton, for Mauritius.
Arrived the Orestes transport, Blake, from London, for I'ly_
mouth and Bermuda; Elizabeth, Phillips, ditto, for Jamaica;
Lord Nelson, Trieste, ditto, for Lisbon ; Severn, Clifton, ditto,
for Constantinople; and Prima Donna, Buchanan, ditto,
for

FALMOUTH, OCT, 20.—Wind W.S.W. to S.W., fresh breezes.
—Arrived the Globe, Mann, from Bahia; and Five Brothers,
Cousins, from Newfoundland.

BRISTOL, OCT. 21 . —Arrived the Brothers, from St. An.
drew•s, New Brunswick.

LITERPOOL, OCT. 19.—Arrived the Sheffield, Harkstatt,
from New York; Jessie, Thompson, and Aleyme, from Que-
bec ; Alagonquen, Capper, from Philadelphia ; Minstrel Boy,
Taylor, from. St. John's, New Brunswick; Royal Adelaide,
Tait, from Miramichi ; and Anna,Hutchinson, from Archangel.
Off' Port, the Bay Chalem, Tay, from St. Andrew's, New
Brunswick ; Mary Ann, from Palermo, and Fanny Connell,
from Lisbon. Sailed the Caledonia, for Bombay; Hibernia,
Wilson, and Constitution, Wilson, for New York; and
Ellen, Clare, for Genoa
LIVERPOOL, Ocr. 9.o.—Arrived the Zephyr, Turnley, from
Quebec ; Pacific, Taylor, from Trieste ; Rachel, from Smyrna ;
and Catherine, Penton, from Malaga. Off port the George-
town, from Demerara; Sir Walter Scott, from Quebec; and
Britannia, from Medway, N.S.

NEWRY, OCT. CO.— Arrived the Princess Charlotte, Roche,
from Quebec.

WATERFORD, OCT. 19.—Arrived the O'Connell, Warren,
from Newfoundland.

DUN DEE, OcT. I9.—Arrived the Scotsman, Reid, and Craigie,
Cook, from Archangel.

ABERDEEN, OCT. 19.-Arrived the Evander, Edgar, from
Archangel.

MILFORD, OCT. Z.—Arrived the Aurora, from Gut of
Canso; and Paragon, from St. Übes.

GLOUCESTER, Ocv. 19.—Arrived the Charles Henry, Coul.
son, from St. Petersburgh.
PETERHEAD, OCT. 19.—Arrived the Superior, Manson, from
Davis' Straits.

SUNDERLAND, OCT. 19.—Arrived the Johns, Fox, from
Amcrica.
HULL, OCT. 19.—Arrived the Mary, Frost; Express, Akesler ;
and Lord Wellington, Chew, from St. Petersburgh.
LOWESTOFF.—Arrived of Blackeston, the Adycli and Star,
Gibson, from Onega.
Yaasiotrrit, OCT. 20.—Arrived the St. Lawrence and Edward,
from Miramichi.

The Charlotte, from Malaga, has arrived in the Channel.
The Tinker, Morrice, in making Helen Sound, Orkney, the
14th instant, struck on a reef and filled with water—crew and
part of the stores and cargo saved.
Arrivals at Madras.— Kellie Castle, Patullo, Castle Huntley,
Johnston, Vansittart, Scott, Warren Hastings, Sandys, Buck.
inghamshire, Shea, Larkins, Campbell, and Arab, Sparkcs,
from London ; Leda, Robb, from the Cape of Good Hope ;
and Exporter, Anvill, from Mauritius.

. -
Arrivals at the Cape.--Governor Stirling, and Britannia,
Ferres, from London ; Edward, Given, from Liverpool ; Os.
mond, from Hamburg; Tourville, from Havre and Mary,
Roome, from Rio Janeiro,