The Sun.
London, England, 1802-02-02 00:00:00

MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT.

THE Dutch have already taken advantage of the
termination of hostilities, so far as to send hither
gin, flax, butter, cheese, rags, skins, tanned leather,
madder, and Rhenish wines, in large quantities.
They renew with eagerness their wonted traffic,
and they will undoubted)}- endeavour as much as pos-
sible* to engross the carrying trade between Britain
and all the Belgian and other Northern Provinces of
France. The exports from London to Holland are
few, in comparison with the imports from Holland
hither. A regular course of exchange does not yet
take place between the two-countries, but. the Dutch
receive immediate payment in hard cash for a great
part of the articles of provisions, &c. which we pur:
chase from them.

The most considerable import which has been
recently brought from France, consists of 16,702
gallons of brandy, of which there has been also a
large importation from Hamburgh, -GuerriseY, Ire-
land, Malaga, Gibraltar and Malta. There is not
yet a regular course of Exchange between London
and Paris, but so much more money is for the
present transferred from England to France than
is brought from France to England, that a pound
sterling paid in London, will yield by a Bill of Ex-
change only about 22 francs in Paris. By the ac-
counts of English Gentlemen whti have gone to visit
France since the ratification of the Preliminary
Treaty, we learn that its trade and manufaftures are
in a very unprosperous state : in consequence of the
storms of _last summer and autumn, psovisions are
scarce and dear.

EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM PART'S.

." It is with regret I see, that with reiard to the
institutions of Jurisprudence, the French are at least
three centuries behind us. It has been very often
and very justly remarked, that the best and safest
method of distributing justice, is by establishing
Judges of knowledge and integrity, and by making
them as independent as possible. Neither of these
objeas are obtained in France, for the following
reasons :

" Ist, There are 3,400 Judges, whose salary is
601. sterling per annum !! I By these Judges, Ido
not mean 3uges ilu Paix ; these are very different,
and their number is about 20,000. The Judges of
the Criminal Courts receive i sol. sterling per an.
num, and the President of the Criminal Tribunal
zBol. sterling per annum. The Judges who com-
pose the Tribunal of Cassation or Appeal, of which
there are forty, receive a salary of 3001. sterling
each.

The Cottts of Justice are as follows:
Ist, tribunal du Premier histance, and which
is the first Court where civil adions are brought ;
from these you can appeal to the Tribunal du Appel,
and from thence, if any doubt arises in point of law,
an appeal lies to the`Tribunal of Cassation, whose
decision is conclusive.

" In each Court there are three Judges, who sit
daily from nine in the morning, whether there is any
thing before them or nor. The Judges of the Tribu-
nal of Cassation sit every other day, ten for criminal
and ten for civil cases. The Ex-Diredor, MERLIN of
Douay, is the Attorney General of this Court ; he
receives a salary of about 2001. sterling per annum.
There is no Jury in civil cases, and the principal
matters are decided by the Roman Law. All the
Courts are held in the Palais du Justice.
" In the Criminal Court there are six Judges
and a Jury ; the Prisoner receives a list of his Jury
eight days previous to trial-11 The Jury are sum-
moned for-four months, and SPrisoner can challenge
each juror twenty times. From this Tribunal there
is also an appeal to that of Cassation.
" The Judges of the Criminal Tribunal of Paris
very freqUctntly are called on to preside at a neigh-
bouring Court in one of the adjoiningDistrids. Even
the travelling-expences allowed them are but Scanty;
and a Judge told me a few days since, that once on
his return in a 'public diligence from Havre, whither
be was sent to try causes, he had for his travelling
companion a person whom he had just tried for fe-
lony, and who had been acquitted. They also dined
at the same table on the road.

" If either a man or woman wish to be divorced
here, they must give notice of it to the Prefel, and
six months time is necessary before it takes place ; in
the interim, the necessary arrangements for the main-
tenance of the children are made, which are as fol-
lows : the girls are generally consigned to the care.
of the mother, and the boys to the father ; a very
minute investigation take place of the father's or
mother's fortune, so that the children are
.certain
of being provided for. If. a man is rich, and
is the parry that sues far the divorce, he must
return half of his wife's jointure, and settle a main-
tenance on her for life., If a woman sues fOr the
divorce, the wife must return every' article of pre-
sent she has received from her husband, even before
marriar. :The woman is not coin gilled, however,
to maintain her husband after divorce, but must her
children. If the father re-marries, and has heir by
his last marriage, the children by the former mar-
riage have the same claims to the patrimony as the
others."

When men of ability devote their time to public
good, it is reasonable to hope that a remuneration,
suited to the advantages reaped from their experi-
ence, will be the result. . This has been happily il-
lustrated in the case of Dr. Solomon, of Liverpool,
in the• extensive sale which the Anti-Impetigines
and Cordial .tlalm of Gilead have experienced, and
incontestibly prove that:they are the best Medicines
ever discovered for those disorders which are now
become so prevalent in this Kingdom, and which,
for a length of time, have baffled the skill and efforts
of the most eminent Physicians—\: r_ mean Scrophula

and Consumption. These Medicines have stood
the test, and answered the expettations not only of
a long private praCtice, but also of those who had
recourse to them since their being made public fur
universal good.

LAW OF LAURISTON.

(Continuea'fram our Paper rf 77nuag 7.)

IN his first visit tó Piris, Mr. LAw found means
to.procure an introdudion to -the Due de CHAR-
`TRES, afterwards Due d'Oxt.F.ANS, and Regent of
France, with whom, as also with CHAMILLARD,
the then Comptroller General, In held several con-
ferences respelling the possibility of reducing the
National Debt. On Mr. LAW'S coming to Paris
for, the. second time,' the Abbe THESUL recom-
•mended him to DESMARETS, successor to CHAMIL-
LARD, in the office of .Comptroller General, to
whom he communicated a Plan for remedying the
disorders of the Finances ; but this it %vas not
thought proper to adopt. It has: been asserted, that
this plan, having been laid before Lours XlVth,
the bigotry of that Monarch led him, instead of in:.
quiring into the merits of the projea, to ask whe_
ther the proposer was a Catholic ; and on being
answered in the negative, to say that he would
have nothing to do with a heretic.
During his travels, Mr. LAW, by means. of his
graceful person and insinuating manners, had re-
commended himself .to the notice and favour of the
most considerable personages in EnzOpe. To the
' KING of SARDINIA, by whom he was particularly
noticed! Mr. LAW rcoinnulaicated a scheme of the
same nature as that which .was afte.rwarcis proposed
to the Due d'ORLEANS,:; but that Monatrli de-
dined putting it in practice, alledgin that his Do-
minions were too small for the execntron of so great
a design; at the same time remarking, that Franre
was the proper theatre for its performance. " If I
knots the disposition of that people;". added he,
" I am .stire they will relish your schemes, and
therefore advise you to go thither."
Mr. LAW followed this salutary counsel, and
in 1714. repaired te'Paris for the third time, just
before the death of Louts XlVtli, carrying with
him the whole of his vast acquisitions. -.Upon the
death of that Monarch, the Due d'ORLEANS 'be-
came Regent during the minority of Lours XVth.
Mr. LAW renewed his acquaintance with that
Prince, w.ho being fond of men of spirit, vivacity,
and wit, could not fail of being highly delighted
with that eitterprizing Foreigner, as be not only
possessed these qualitieS in an eminent degree, but
was, besides,. of a disposition not loss addiaed to

pleasure' and dissipation than his own. Mr. LAw
consequently rose to no small degree of favour and
intimacy' with Royal. Highness, who, soon
finding the extent of his capacity, and the fertility
of his resources, admitted him into all his private
parties, arid nominated him one of the Counsellors
of State. Availing himself of that intimacy, Mr.
LAW took care nut to negled. any opportunity in
his power to draw the attention of the Regent to
the state of-the French Finances, at that time in a
situation accounted desperate 47 . all who pretended
to skill in these alThirs, the Yong and expensive
Wars of Louis XlVth having superinduced an
enormous weight of debt upon the Nation, which
groaned under the intolerable load of taxes imposed
for payment of the interest. Such was the desperate
state of the French Finances, that it had been de- .
bated in Council to produce a National Bankruptcy.
This measure, 110,,vever,1 the Regent nobly mica-
ed. Mr. LAW proposed the establilhment of. a
Bank and Paper Credit upon a very extensive scale—
the conjuncture, however, was not thought favour-
able for the undertaking ; but Mr. LAw was per..
mitted to set up a private Bank at his own house,
by Letters Patent bearing date the zd and 20th of
May, 1716. The whole stock consisted of
300,0001. sterling, and Mr. Law, and his Brother
WILLIAM, then settled in London, were the prin..
cipal partners, and assumed the Firm of the Gene-
ral Bank of Law and Company. The success, was
astonishing, and the, most beneficial effects were im-
mediately produced on the industry and trade of the
Nation, the Taxes and Royal Revenues being, by
-means of the Notes, remitted to the 'Capital at a
small expence, and without draining the Provinces
of specie. Foreigners, who had hitherto been very
cautious of dealing with the French, now began to
interest themselves deeply in' this new Bank ; so
that the balance of exchange with England and Hol-
land soon rose to the rate of four and five per cent.
in favour of Paris. The Bank thus subsisted in

high credit, to the no small profit of the Proprie-
tors, till the close of the year 1718, when the Duc
d'Ox L E ANS, observing the extraordinary advan-
tages resulting from the establishment, resolved to
take it into His Majesty's hands, as at first pro-
posed.

Against this resolution it was in vain to remon-
.strate, and Mr. LAW was named Direaor General
of the Royal Bank, branches from which were fixed
at Lyons, Rochelle, Tours, Orleans, and Amiens.
Thus, the Bank being placed in the King's hands,
departed from the principles of private and mercan-
tile credit, upon which Mr. LAW had originally
fixed it, and proceeded upon those of Public Cre-
dit, which in an absolute Monarchy, as France then
was, was nothing more than the will of the Sove-
reign. To add to the evil, the tenor of these Notes
was changed from being made payable to Bearer
at sight, in coin of the weight and standard of
the date of the Note—to being payable in livres
in "silver coin merely, by which alteration the mo-
ney in the notes of course kept pace with that of the
coin, both being equally affected by any arbitrary
depreciation of the latter. Mi. LAW did all he
could to prevent this alteration; but it, notwith-
standing, took place, and the credit of the Royal
Bank became as good as that of the General Bank
notes, although the crowns in the latter contained
a fixed and positive value, while the livres in the
Rimier could at any time have been reduced, at the
pleasure of the monarch, the debtor in these, to the
value of half-pence.; Of these notes there were to
the amount of rOOO millions of livres, fabricated
betwixt the sth of January and the 29L11 of De-
cember 1719, In. February .1720 the Royal Bank
was incorporated with the Company of the Indios ;
and from that incorporation to the ist of May fol-
lowing, there were no less than 1,60,400,000
livres more fabricated in notes, making altogether
a total of 2,696,+00,000 •liv res in paper-money.;
of which vast .sum 2,235,083,590. livreS were in

PRICE 4

EA GS.
Kent, 41.•0$:. to 51. Bs.
Sussex, 31: 14s. to 41. ISS.
Essex, 31. 105. to 41. acs.

F PLOPS.

POCK LT S.
Kent, 41. los. ;41 51. 145.
SiVssex; 4L bs. to 51. ss.
Farnham, 51. 123. to 71. 73.

Red Clover, !per cwt.)s ENEL)S.
‘Vl(ttc Clove;:, ditto• Nei
'keeled, ditto Now
Turnip; (per bustiel) -
Rye Grass,-(per quarter) - _
Cinque-Foil, ditto . _ _ ' •
‘Viiite Mustard Seed, per bushel) '.
Brown • ditto, ditto`.
Canary Seed, ditto
'Lye Seed, (per last)

40s. to 925.
40s. to .16s.
ios. to 525.
365. to 205.
245, to 345•
30s._ _to 40$.

, 1.5. 6d. to 14s.
- los. 6d. to 145. 6d.
XIS. to 11s• od •
341. 10 381'

SMITHFIELD MARKET, Feb. L.
To sink the 0.1f41--per stone of 81b.
Reef, ss, od. to 6s. od. I Veal, 6s. od. to Ss. od.
Mutton, ss. 6th f
to 6s: Bd. Pork, 6s. gd. to-7s. 4d,

HEAD OY CATTLF THIS DAY.
Beasts about 2000—Sheep and Lambs 5.500.

NENVGATE and LEADENHALL MARKET,- Feb.
reef; 4s. od. to ss. od. Veal, ss. od. to 7s, 6d.
Mutton, 4s. Bd. to ss, Sd. Pork, 6s. 4d. to 7s. 4d.

PRICE- OF LEATHER (Ter lb.) AT LEADENJ-lALL.
Butts, 5o to 561 b. - _ .. .. 17iEL to 19d.
Ditto, 6o to 661 b. - - - - 20:1. to 23d.
Merchants' Racks - - - . /61d. to t7d.
Dressing Hides - - - - 33(1. •to isd.
Fine Coach. Hides . - - - lid. to 16d.
,
Crop Hides•for cutting
.:- = - ad. to god.
Flat Ordinary - -, - - - - isd. to 17d.
Calf Skins, 35 to 40Th. per Dozen -20 d. to 24d.'
Ditto, so to 701 h. - -24 d. to '2Bd.
Ditto, 7o to Solh. - -24 d. to 26d.
Small Seals (Greenland) As. to 325. per Dozen.
Large ditto, -
zoos. to 130 s.
Tanned Horse Hides, as. to 28s. per Hide.
Goat Skins - -21 S. to 635. . per Dozen.

RAW H
Best HcifersandSteers (p. st.)
3s. 4'l. to 3s. 6d.
Middling, 2S. led. to 3s. ca.

IDES.
Ordinary, 2.5.'0d. to 2S. 4d.
Market Calf, 9s. each.
English Horse, us. to Iss, ea.