The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-07 00:00:00

IRELAND.—LABOUR A.ND CAPITAL.
(From the Derbyshire Courier.)
Let us suppose a newly discovered gold -producing
district in Australia, with a sufficient population in its
neighbourhood to extract its mineral riches. Here,
then, is gold and man. What is wanted to enable
man to possess himself of the all-coveted treasure ?
Capital. Before the man can realise the riches
spread out to his view, it is necessary that from
former accumulation he should be provided with food
to support himself while engaged in labouring, the
means of erecting habitations and workshops, and the
implements and machinery requisite for carrying on
his work. The savage when his immediate wants are
satisfied deeists from labour, and as he never accumu-
lates, he has no resources at command to enable him
to create and multiply wealth. He may inhabit a
country rich in gold, copper, and iron, with land fer-
tile under cultivation, and capable of bestowing on its
inhabitants all the comforts end luxuries of existence;
but its mineral treasures supply him only with a few
barbaric ornaments, and he draws from its fruitful soil
only a bare sufficiency of the necessaries of life. But
as civilization advances, and capital accumulates, the
power which man obtains of availing himself of the
resources of the material world proportionably in-
creases. The wealth of the remotest regions of the
earth is appropriated by the application of the accu-
mulated capital of the Old World. English wealth
will draw forth the gold of Australia. Now, with-
out adopting the glowing sentiments of Irish patriots
as to the fertility and capabilities of their country, it
is impossible not to perceive that we have in Ireland
a mine of unexplored wealth lying close to our shores.
We say, making every abatement for over-statement
and over-appreciation, that Ireland is capable of be-
coming a most valuable portion of the United King-
dom—a contributor, in every sense, to the national
wealth and greatness. We have referred on a pre-
vious occasion to the means which are now in opera-
tion for improving the moral, religious, and social
character of the people—means which, in the opinion
of the best informed persons, are rapidly becoming
effectual. We now beg leave to invite attention
to the methods by which the industrious energies
of the people have been, and may be, called
out. Steam navigation and railway commu-
nication have produced, and are producing,
most beneficial results. They provide a market
for Irish produce of every kind. Ask a peasant in
Antrim or Tipperary what he does with his pig or
his poultry, and be will tell you that everything which
he can produce is collected by persons who make it
their business to go round the country, to be taken to
Belfast or Cork, and shipped off for the Liverpool or
London market. Every small farmer and cottager
has a ready market and a better price for his commo-
dities than he had a few years ago. Even with
present prices a large and increasing provision trade
with England is being at this moment transacted.
But there is another cause which has been silently at
work to improve the state of Ireland. The country,
we have said, possesses undoubted sources of undeve-
loped wealth. It has a people, also, who can and
will work when fairly remunerated for their labour.
At this time in county Cork, one of the best agricul-
tural counties in Ireland, the wages of an able-bodied
labourer are Gd. or Bd. a day-35. or 4s. a week. Has
a man spirit to work, or can he procure sufficient
food to enable him to labour efficiently with such
wages ? There are, then, in Ireland, land and labour
—the sources of national wealth. What is wanted
to develope them ? Capital. And this is the general
outcry throughout Ireland—" We want capital !"
Now England is overflowing with unemployed
capital. Three and a half per cent., the Times tells
us, is, and is to he, the average annual value of capital
in this country. There are reasons—we believe that
they are, happily, rapidly on the decline—why En-
glish Protestants should not transplant themselves to
Irish soil. But there can be no reason why, if a fair
remuneration be secured, capital should not flow from
this to the sister country. And such we affirm has
been the case, and would have been to a much greater
extent, but for unwise legislation on the subject of
the circulating medium which injuriously retarded
the application of English capital to the wants of
Ireland. It is now between twenty and thirty years
since a system of banking, similar in many respects
to that of Scotland, was introduced into Ireland.
Several of those who took the warmest interest in car-
rying this object into effect were men who, though
differing most widely on political subjects, believed
that a good monetary system would do more for Ire-
land than anything else. Such were Matthias
Attwood and Daniel O'Connell, who, joined
with many of Ireland's best and most en-
lightened friends, promoted energetically and
successfully the establishment of those two
great banking companies—the Irish Provincial
and National Banks. The beneficial effects of the
system thus introduced began immediately to dis-
cover themselves. The condition of the small farmer
in Ireland was, before these banks became engaged in
the distribution of English capital, most dishearten-
ing. Poverty suppressed all his energies. His land
was but half cultivated, for he had no money to em-
ploy labour. His crops were hurried to market the
moment they were reapsd, and were not unfrequently
seized by the landlord for rent while on the ground.
He was too poor to stock his land; his green crops
were often cut, carted to a distant market town, and
sold for what they would fetch, because he could not
raise the means to buy a few sheep or a cow to con-
sume them. If a favourable opportunity—of which
every English farmer so well knows the advantage—
presented itself of purchasing a little additional stock
in a favourable season, or of withholding his wheat
when the market was glutted with produce, and he
wasinduced to endeavour to borrow a small sum till
his real money, his flock or his corn, could be con-
verted into money of the realm, the terms upon which
alone such accommodation would be procured
from the money-lender of his market town were most
usurious. The usual terms, including expenses, were
20 per cent. Now the
new banks, the representa
tives of English capital, rendered most important '
services to a class of man who stood most in need of
assistance, and deserved it most. They lent to far-
mers, of whose good character and conduct they
were assured, at moderate interest, small sums, from
as low a sum as 10/. upwards. And competent wit-
nesses, of all creeds and parties, have assured us,
that from the judicious assistance thus rendered, the
face of whole agricultural districts in Ireland became
in a few years entirely changed—the land became
better cultivated, drained and stocked ; and, more-
over,r the moral condition
of the people was improved.
rile poor farmer formerly saw nothing before him but
a life of inevitable penury and hardship. He now
had hope of bettering his condition. And with hope
energy arose, and selt.respect took the place of reckless
despondency. Beconen6 a happier, he became a bet-
ter man. Thousands in Ireland can vouch for the
truth of what we say. upon this successful attempt
to raise the state of a People the effecct of Peel's Bill
of 1844 fell like a withering blight. The harvest and
potato crop of 1846 failed. A few millions of gold
were exported to Pay our foreign baker's bill, and
then succeeded that dreadful artificial dearth of money,
by which all the industrious energies of the United
kingdom were parkysed. The Irish bankers were
forced to refuse assistance to the people just at the
very time when they wanted it most. The circulation
of the Irish banks of issue in 1846 was 7,800,000/.,
and in May, 1847, it was 4,800,0001., "being a dimi-
nution," says the Manager of the Provincial Bank of
Ireland to the Committee of the House of Lords on the
commercial distress of 1847, " ofno less than 3,000,000/.
of bank-notes in such a poor country as Ireland."
Yes! if England, with its almost unbounded wealth,
was brought to the very verge of ruin by the effects
of the disastrous and mistaken monetary policy of
Sir Robert Peel, in 1847, what must have been the
effects produced in a country so poor as Ireland ?
The House of Lords' Committee reported that Peel's
Bill of 1848 " materially aggravated" the panic, and
we have no hesitation in saying that the operation of
that statute " materially aggravated" the direful
effects of the Irish famine. Providence took away
a large portion of the nations food; the hand of
man withdrew the means of supplying the defi-
• •
ciency. And we speak the opinion of sensible,
practical men—men who do not profess to under-
stand the currency qeestion---when we say that
the banking operations, and consequent financial
condition of Ireland, has not yet recovered the shock
of 1847. Credit was „entirely shaken, if not de-
stroyed. The farmers as a body were ruined. Many
of the landowners shared their fate. The immense
amount of the circulating medium withdrawn, has
never been replaced. By the last return the Irish
Banks of Issue are still 2,332,2371. below their fixed
issue. So easy is it to destroy Credit and confidence,
so hard to effect their restoration, The time, we are
convinced, will come when the truths which we have
endeavoured to illustrate %ill be received as being as
evident as they are important. And with that con-
viction we do not despair of a better state of things,
when the prosperity of the sister country will react
on and promote that of our own, and when common
interests and common feelings will render us in reality
the United Kingdom of (treat Britain and Ireland.

Ma. lIAMSHAY'S CASE.—A meeting*of the Com-
mittee for the Protection of the Liberty of the'Subject and
the Press was held yesterday afternoon, at which a memorial
to the Chancellor of the Duchy was agreed to, praying that
his Lordship would be pleased to hold, in Liverpool or its
since his acquittal by his Lordship from the
immediate neighbourhood, a court of inquiry into the conduct
of Mr. ltamshay
former charges made against him and the resumption of his
sittings, and, if the facts set forth in the memorial be esta-
blished against him, as the memorialists confidently believe
they can be, that his Lordship be pleased to remove Mr.
amshay from the office of Judge of the County Court, and
appoint another judge, of learning, temper, and modera-
tion, in his stead.
Messrs. Broadwood, the pianoforte manufacturers,
have presented to the Royal Society of Musicians the
splendid grand pianoforte, in ebony case, which has attracted
so ranch notice at the Exhibition. The sale of this instru-
ment will doubtless realise several hundred pounds, and the
funds of the society will thus again benefit, as they have on
=AY 10414 g ocegheas, by the Alestio!Brokirrectdg'liticzolity. j

THE CAPTURE OF A. GANG OF
WHOLESALE SWINDLERS.
On Saturday last the Police-court•at Plymouth
was crowded by persons anxious to listen to one of
the most extraordinary investigations (adjourned
from the previous Wednesday) which has engaged
the attention of the bench for s, me years, and which
exposes an attempt at swindling upon a very large
scale. It appears that early in the month of Sep-
tember there arrived is Plymouth two men of mid-
dle age and respectably attired, who forthwith took
premises for the ostensible purpose of carrying on
business as general outfitters and army and navy con-
tractors. Having engaged a store on Sutton-wharf;
in the possession of Mr. Hicks, wine-merchant, a
painter was employed to announce to those resorting
to that locality that Rudwill's Stores were there
situated, and a plentiful supply of letter-paper was
procured, each sheet bearing the printed heading of
" Sutton-wharf, Plymouth. Ship Stores Warehouses,
General Outfitter, Army and Navy Contractors &c."
As the business to be transacted was intended to be
of the most extensive description, a counting-house
became necessary, and for this purpose a room in
Tin-street was hired, at the moderate sum of half-a-
crown a week, and here, during the hours of busi-
ness, Mr. Rudwell and his more retiring partner,
Mr. Palmer, were generally to be found, each
seated at a desk, conducting a voluminous
correspondence with most of the principal
contributors to the Great Exhibition, the Official
Catalogue supplying them with the names and ad-
dresses of the various exhibitors. As the trade to
be carried on was to be large, of course the orders
were liberal, and assistanze being deemed necessary
the principals in the business were joined about a
week after their arrival by a younger man, of smart
appearance, calling himself William James Widdi-
combe. He acted as clerk, and James Maddick, a
labourer, whom the principals met with on the quay,
was employed as storekeeper and porter. The first-
fruits of the extensive correspondence carried' on by
the firm was the arrival of a large parcel, consigned
to their address, on the 20th of September, and every
succeeding day witnessed the advent of other goods,
of a most miscelleneous description. There was an
odd commingling of copperas and broadcloths, locks,
and blankets, lamps and trouserings, hides and chi-
cory, tweeds and iodine, canvas and saddles, twines
and cooking apparatus, velveteens and ship's sheath-
ing, cotton twist and oatmeal, compound levers and
a lifting jack. But numerous as were the arrivals
of goods, equally brisk appeared to be the sale, for
not a single parcel remained in the store more than a
couple of hours ere it was disposed of in some way
or other, and it would seem in certain instances at
prices which:would have enabled Rudwell to assert with
greater truth than is the case sometimes with traders,
that he was indeed making an alarming sacrifice. For
example, the lifting jack above mentioned, the in-
voice price of which was 81., was no sooner delivered
at the store than it was entrusted to the respectable
agency of Messrs. Skardon and Sons, who were in-
structed to sell it for 21., if a purchaser could be pro-
cured at that sum. Oil-cake, too, the trade price for
which is 121. 10s. per ton, was offered for sale to Mr.
Parrott, of Buck well-street, through the instrumen-
tality of Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, for 71. 10s. per ton.
Other goods were pledged at the office of Mr. Toms,
pawnbroker, by Widdicombe. Such was the state of
things until Tuesday last, when Superintendent Gib-
bons proceeded, in company with Inspector Thomas
and Sergeant Hicks, to arrest Palmer and his clerk
Widdicombe (who was discovered to have been living
here under the assumed name of Matthews), as they
were walking together from the railway station
towards George-place, the charge being, that they
had, in conjunction with Rudwell, obtained large
quantities of goods under false pretences. Palmer,
who described himself as a labourer, said " very
well," and Widdicombe, alias Matthews, stated
himself to be a clerk in the service of Rudwell,
and was altogether innocent of the offence charged
against him. Rudwell was also apprehended the
same evening, and on Wednesday morning the
trio appeared before the magistrate, in custody of the
officers, charged as above stated. The sitting ma-
gistrates were the mayor and Messrs. Coryndon and
Hawker: Mr. lavers attending on the part of the
Trades' Protection Society, and applying for a remand
in order to give the police time to institute the ne-
cessary inquiries.
After hearing the whole of the evidence then
forthcoming against the prisoners, and by which the
foregoing statenent was fully supported, the prisoners
were remanded to Saturday.
Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, who had left, came back
after the case had been heard, and was advised by
the mayor to give up the goods he had received of
Rudwell into tte possession of a third party. In a
very independent manner he refused to do anything
of the kind, told the mayor he would rather take his
money than his advice, asked Mr. Phillips what was
the price of a brief, said he defied them to do anything
to him ; he had not bought stolen goods ; he was
"too deep" for that, and would never give up the
goods till they were paid for.
From the evidence produced on Saturday it ap-
peared that on Wednesday evening upwards of two
tons of goods arrived by railway for Rudwell and
Co., which is in possession of the police, and that a
letter, badly spelt and badly written, from the wife of
Rudwell, has fallen into the hands of the superinten-
dent, but it contains no information of which use can
be made. It was dated " London," and bore the sig-
nature of "Ann." Another letter dated from Man-
chester, which came to hand on Thursday, charges
Rudwell with being an impostor, and threatens him
with exposure, the writer alleging that he (Rudwell)
had carried on his fraudulent practices in a great
number of towns, assuming the name of " Cox," when
at Wolverhampton, then as " Smith," of Birmingham,
as " Mill," of Liverpool, afterwards as " Edwards,"
ea Manchester, and more frequently as " Darling-
ton," of Portsmouth. A large quantity of goods ar-
rived to the address of the firm, on Thursday, and are
now detained in charge of Pickford and Co., rail-
way-contractors. About two tons of oil cake also came
by steamer, for which Cornbloom was found to be
on the look out. The police accordingly waited
until he had paid the freight, when they then
stepped in and seized the lot, much to the chagrin of
the hard-mouthed money-lender, who threatens to
cite Superintendent Gibbons and his men in the high
court of Westminster. It was also stated that a fresh
lot of goods and sundry invoices came to hand on
Friday morning, and that the police at the same time
obtained information which was deemed sufficiently
important to justify the immediate departure of In-
spector Thomas per mail train for the metropolis.
The nature of the evidence was such as to induce
the bench, after a lengthened examination of wit-
nesses, to further remand the prisoners to 'Wednes-
day next.

Rudwell, on being asked what he had to say
against being remanded, contended that as he had his
name over the door of the wharf, and was nowhere in
debt in Plymouth, as he had not been applied to for
money for the goods, but should be ready to pay on
demand, ho ought not to have been even taken into
custody. As to Palmer, he was his (Rudwell's)
friend, while Widdicombe was his clerk. If anything
had been wrong, he entirely exonerated them from all
participation in it, and was ready to bear the results
himself.

Palmer had nothing to say, and Widdicotnbe said
he had come from ►he office of Wilson and Gurney,
bank solicitors, London, and could procure good re-
ferences. Lie asked if he might procure bail. He
was told he must first procure his hail and then their
worships would consider if it could be taken.
Rudwell is evidently in bad health.

The Hungarians in London yesterday attended
mass in commemoration of the events of the 6th of October,
or as the handbill explained, in memory of the defenders of
constitutional liberty in Hungary, who, after the surrender
of the Hungarian army to the Russians, were put to death
by Austrian executioners. Their honoured names are dear
to the lovers of liberty founded on law :—Count Louis
Batthyany. Prime Minister; Count Ludislaus Csanyi,
Minister of Commerce; Baron Sigismond Perenyi, Presi-
dent of the House of Peers; Baron Jeszenak, Lord Lieu-
tenant of the county of Nyitra ; baron Szatsvay, Member
and Secretary of the Diet; Prince Woronyieczky, Prince
Czernus, Councillor of State; Major Murman, Major
Abancourt. Prisoners of war, given up by Russia to the
Austrian executioners, and hanged or shot at Arad on the
6th October, 1849:—General Aulich, Minister of War;
Lieut.-General Ernest Kissi, General Damianicb, General
Nagy Sander, General Dessewffy, General Count Leiningen,
cousin of her Majesty Queen Victoria; General Count
Veesey, General Tork, General Lehner' General Baron Pol-
tenberg, General Knesich, General Schveldl, General Count
Lazar, Colonel Kazinczy.
THRONGED STATE OF THE CITY STREETS.—Yes-
terday the main thoroughfares of the City were thronged iu
a manner perhaps never before witnessed. Every omnibus
travelling in the direction of the Great Exhibition was
filled inside and out during the day, and from the Poultry
to St. Swithin's-lane a file of persons, not less than three
deep, were waiting for hours in vain in the earlier part of
the forenoon, for conveyances. The Royal Exchange was
visited by thousands, and the Guildhall, the Post-office, and
most of the public places were thronged. Many of the
visitors were from Wales and the northern parts of England,
and some had come so far as from the United States of
America.

CRYSTAL HALL.—A new and original polka has
been produced at this agreeable place of entertainment. It
is called the " West-End Polka," and is understood to be
from the pen of Miss Kirkham, a young lady favourably
known in musical circles as a brilliant pianist. The polka
is a spirited and lively piece of composition, and commands a
good deal of applause every time it is played.
DEER STALKING.—In the island of Lewis a num-
ber of gentlemen are enjoying first-rate sport in Sir James
Matheson's deer-forests. One of the party, D. Robertson,
Esq., of Ladykirk, in the course of an hour and a half's ab-
sence from the Castle, stalked and shot two stags right and
left. One had royal horns, and the other a head, witiVoern
Lord
antlers. The party at Reay Forest, among whom were,
have
closed Lord Ward, and the ion. Captain Charteris, e
closed a brilliant season's shooting among the corries of the
far-west of Satherlandshire. In five weeks they bagged 66_
red-deer, viz., 20 hinds and 46 stage. The borne of one of
the last that was shot spanned 34 inches. We have al f
also
heard that Mr. Campbell of Jura has shot to his own gee, in
ialalld Of 1.14rxi,?, 36 red deoL-.-Inverness courier,

OCTOBER 7, 1851.

LONDON TEMPERANCE LEAGUE.
Yesterday evening Exeter-hall was once more filled
with the bodies and oratory of those great self-styled
regenerators of mankind—the advocates, disciples, and
friends of total abstinence. The object of the meet-
ing was to originate a society in London which was to
succeed to the demonstration committee, and by
means of meetings, advice, and exhortation, reclaim
the still unitiated public from the errors of their ways.
A letter was read from Mr. Lawrence Hevey orth,
M.P., regretting his unavoidable absence, and then
Mr. G. CREIRSEIAME, who took the chair in the
absence of Mr. Hey worth, made a few opening re-
marks. He said that he was always ready to do his
best in such a cause. He regretted the absence of
Mr. Hey worth, but, at the same time, he- was glad
to hear the news his letter had conveyed,
that the Americans, who went right one
way and wrong another, as far as teetotalism was
concerned were doing right. It was only by adopt-
ing
this great principle that they could raise them-
selves to a position which they could never attain
without it, for till they abstained from intoxicating
liquors they would never rise to the proper station of
a civilized country. Mr. Cruikshank related an
Da niegcgdiontse, fro"lv hmi o
ha,
hew osrakid, calledshowed" AwhVatoicdeeniforonms
mtehne
were who indulged in this sin. He could conceive
no word but " devil" as appropriate to them, their
language and actions were so horrible. The anecdote
told of two men, a Malay and Chinese, who were
dying, and required a little brandy to sustain life, but
the white men who were applied to refused, say' ing
" Christian men wanted spirits, and they were not
going to give them to black cattle." The mere idea
of those men, who ripped up each other with bowie
knives, calling themselves Christians ! He hoped
that this great and holy question would be allowed to
stand by itself. They had nothing to do with politics.
A person in speaking might inadvertently bring in
subjects foreign to the purpose, but he hoped they
would even abstain from mentioning anything else—
even the Peace Congress—which, although a
most
excellent and important question, ought to be let alone
at this time. He again begged that they would let
the question of teetotalism stand by itself; and, having
made these few observations, he proceeded to the
business of the evening, by calling on the secretary
to read the report.
The report opened with a glowing account of the
grand week of the festivities held in August. It
would take too much room to give the recital of the
whole series of entertainments, but we will be content
to mention one or two to show the halo—the atmo-
spere of pleasure thrown round their proceedings, for
the benefit, doubtless, of their new disciples. "On
Tuesday, by the special permission of the Royal
Commissioners, the Crystal Palace was opened one
hour earlier than usual to admit the total abstainers,
who visited it in great numbers; and some criterion
is afforded us by the police returns, which show
47,000 to have entered the building during the first
hour and a half—say by half-past ten o'clock—an
altogether unprecedented occurrence." "On Wed-
nesday, the 6th of August, after the public breakfast
at the London Tavern, at which 300 were present,
Mr. J. S. Buckingham in the chair—the Royal Surrey
Zoological Gardens, which had been secured by the
demonstration committee for the day, was thronged
by such a vast gathering of teetotallers as was never
before convened, and presented a spectacle never to be
forgotten." After this opening the report mentioned
a balance in the hands of thir treasurer of 530/.,
who was troubled what to do with it ;
but it said, "Perhaps of all the embarrass-
ments presenting themselves to the committee none
were greater than was the solution of the question,
how shall the balance be made to subserve the great
principles of temperance most effectually ?" They
settled the question happily, and founded the London
Temperance League. They said, "We must, how-
ever, state our conviction that the first principles of
teetotalism are not understood by the immense ma-
jority of the denizens of this great city. Daily ob-
servation and experience prove this. Men of intellect,
high in influence and of admirable business habits,
are found to be poor opponents to the uneducated
teetotaller, far less to such leaders in the cause as Dr.
Lees and others." The report concluded with a dim
shadowing forth of pleasures (equal to those described
in the commencement of its pages) in store for their
novices, as, after announcements of monthly lectures
and meetings and quarterly soirees to be held, they
continued,— " Afite, perhaps a bazaar, in the Royal
Surrey Gardens nextsummer, will, in all probability,
be carried out by the executive committee." This
and " more, according to our means." But to do all
these things they required money, and 1,0001. was the
sum demanded, and after stating that they (the com-
mittee) were willing to undertake all the toil, " we
appeal with confidence to the liberal supporters of our
cause, that at this critical juncture in the history of
teetotalism the helmsman may be relieved of all
anxiety respecting pecuniary liabilities, which would
but retard the movement at a time when not a
moment must be lost." A collection was made,
and then
Mr. BEGGS delivered an inaugural address of some
length. After alludine, to the Crystal Palace, the
sanitary condition of the people and some other inci-
dental circumstances, he proceeded as follows :
" Many of the leading organs of the press now conde-
scend to notice us, but they betray a total misunder-
standing of our principles, and it is necessary that
they should be informed. Witness the writer in
Household Words, in his article Whole Hogs,' as
also in the Examiner. The mistake they commit is
that we call upon the sober portion of the public to
give up a good thing because some men abuse it."
After mentioning that the Examiner took this view,
he continued—" It is the old, never-to-be-slain argu-
ment, of use and abuse; and, although it can be
proved by any one capable of the most ordinary,
method of induction to be pure nonsense, yet it is con-
sidered as a strong ground for taking a glass ; and the
parson, the magistrate, the judge, and the teacher, as
well as the gentleman of the press, continue to discuss
their daily pint or bottle of wine, their glass of gin-
and-water, or the pot of half-end-half; but," con-
tinued Mr. Beggs, " supposing alcohol to be as harm-
less as potatoes, or sugar, or milk, yet, seeing the mis-
chief it produces, we are called upon to abstain. I assert
that cards, dice, racing, theatres, and all the fashionable
follies and amusements of the age, have not produced,
taken altogether, so many evils as the vice of drink
ing." They asked them to give up drinking because
God had written on the constitution of man, as
plainly as light was written upon the sunbeams, that
alcohol was not suited to men in health, but was the
enemy of the digestive faculties of the human body.
Mr. Beggs continued to show tho large sums of
money spent on spirits, spoke of the anomaly of a
magistrate sitting one day to license public-houses,
and on another inflicting punishment on those who
got drunk in them ; also of legislators making laws
against, and ministers of religion speaking against
these places, to which, by their daily practice in
drinking themselves, they gave sanction and encou-
ragement. He encouraged them, besides having faith
in their principles, to have faith in humanity, and not
to think that any one was sunk so low as to be ut-
terly helpless, and also urged that they ought to have
faith in themselves. He did not mean to inculcate
dogmatism, vanity, or any idea of pharisaical im-
portance, but they should believe the temperance re-
formation to be their business, and do their best for
it. They required wisdom as well as faith, charity
as well as luve. Above all, he enjoined on them the
importance of increased individual exertion. After
considering these and other topics at great length he
concluded with the following prophetic aspiration :
"Let the teetotaller take courage. The day is not far
distant when the simple principle he has adopted
and
the
laboured to diffuse will command the homage of
good and wise of every order of men; and, sanc-
tioned by
God's blessing, will shed peace and healing
from its wings. We cannot
ivhat e
vestimateer it
m ai
yt s
now
be con-
future pro-
gress by the past. is not yet over, but
Its seedtime
the harvest is begun.
sidered, future generations will not regard as a mere
flight of visionary enthusiasm this record of my ez-
peo.a 7
f tion • so that the historian of a future age, when
looking back on the humble birth of the total absti-
nence principles will date from it a new era in civiliza-
tion,
and place its propounders in the first ranks of the
most
useful, if not among the most illustrious bene-
factors of mankind.' "
Mr. F. W. KELLOG, an American teetotaller, next
addressed the audience, and was received throughout
with great applause. In speaking of the States, he
mentioned that in one (Maine) the sale of spirits was
prohibited, and in another State, if a man got drunk
his wife could sue the publican who supplied him with
the liquor for damages.
The CHAIRMAN rose and said, a question had been
handed up to him, as chairman, asking what they said
of the miracle of our Saviour at Cana of Galilee when
he turned water into wine. He could only say, that
if they could not answer this as well as ever' other
question satisfactorily, they would give up theiro pf
_rm
them
think He would ask, in return, did any
r
think that our Saviour ever partook of
no.) The question was answered,
thanks to the chairman terminated the
proAcel'odtie of thanks

CAUGHT AT LAST.—,.
A few weeks ago, Mr. John
the suspected animal vas cau-
tioned; The owner of ,
sawOnNeraule'ssddaoyglial.gfhßt'aiPtsbhiitileiT,
Swann, of Milton, had a number of sheep worried
Ito death
by a dog.
animal, making the beat
sheep,
,h ibsewl
belonging
ihnogmteo,
itttoonnopolpicuermpoasne:
ous
as though he had been doing something he ought to be
ati Cook,olnaerlarge
e; thefel;
ferocious
tahsheaßmeevd. of.
JTahnieesn,exvitcamr oorfnDinigtton, were found worried
in a ditch, five being dead, the other lingering. Suspi-
cion fell upon Thomas Noal's dog, and he was
" taken into
custody," tried by a court- Martial of villagers, and sen-
tenced to be shot, which was immediately carried into exe-
cution. There was strong circumstantial evidence in the
case; but to make assurance doubly sure of his guilt, a post-
mortem examination was made, and sure enough, his capa-
cious stomach was filled with mutton, with wool attached.
Canalidge Indepcndent.

DEATII FROM- POISON.
Yesterday an inquest was held by Mr. William
Carter, at the Gregorian Arms Tavern, Lower-road,
Bermondsey, respecting the death of Mr. Frederick
Robert Bolton, aged 41 years, an Excise officer, who
was accidentally poisoned.
Mr. R. T. Russell, of No. 12, Thornton-street,
that on Thursday evening last,
o persons brought the deceased
aboutH or se I
sixy d o
o'clock,w n , s t at et d
w,
into his surgery,in a state of great exhaustion. De-
ceased was perfectly sensible, but cold and pals, less.
Witness asked the deceased a few questions, when he
replied that he had been requested by a friend to taste
some aconite, and wished to know if witness knew
the nature of it. IVitness replied in the affirmative,
and asked him if he had taken any, when he told
witness it was a part of his duty at the Excise-office
to test such compounds, and he believed he bad swal-
lowed about a teaspoonful of the mixture. Witness
knowing that aconite was a deadly poison, then con-
sidered the deceased would unquestionably die.
CORONER— What effect has aconite upon the system ?
Witness—lt will cause violent fainting, vertigo, and
vomiting, with oppressed breathing, &c.,Lbut does not
deprive persons of utterance.
CORONER—What quantity would produce death ?
Witness—Twenty drops. It is commonly called
" wolt's bane," and a teaspoonful might hold about
120 drops. Deceased must have taken sufficient to
kill five persons. Witness gave the deceased ammo-
nia, but he threw it up immediately. Other remedies
were adopted, but the deceased became exceedingly
exhausted, and expired shortly afterwards. Witness
had since made a post mortem examination of the body.
The viscera was in a gorged condition, with dark
fluid blood. The heart was in a similar state, but in
structure quite healthy. The whole of the intestinal
canal was much congested. The stomach seemed
healthy, but had been acted upon by some violent ir-
ritant. Witness, from all the circumstances, fully
believed that the deceased had been deceived in the
contents of the bottle, and had tasted it by his own
free will. The poison usually destroys life in three to
five hours.
Other evidence having been offered,
The Learned CORONER remarked at great length
on the testimony of the witnesses, and said the death
of the deceased gentleman was to be deeply lamented,
and be should certainly recommend the Commissioners
to adopt some immediate steps for the prevention of
such unfortunate accidents.
The jury unanimously concurred and returned the
following special verdict :
" That the deceased met his death accidentally, and
they (the jury) would suggest to the Commissioners
of Inland Revenue that when any article of a poiso-
nous character is imported, the permit should bear
the word poison as well as the nature of the article
itself."

SUICIDE ON THE SOUTH-EASTERN
RAILWA.Y.
o'clock,O
our.- ane, leading from
P.M., the usually
quiet n Sloactaul
tdya y
0,
f about
Cold
i a
rb
Brixton to Camberwell, was thrown into a state of
intense excitement, from the following awful occur-
rence :—At the time in question a man in the garb
of a painter, carrying some pots of colour and brushes,
was observed to proceed down Pollard's-grove, a re-
tired spot in the rear of the Green Man public-house.
Shortly after, the report of a pistol was beard, and on
persons proceeding to the spot the man was perceived
running away, blood flowing profusely from his head.
He had left the paint and brushes behind him, and
carried in his hand a large pistol, but which a gentle-
man who followed succeeded in taking away from
him. The alarm drew together several of the
police of the P division from the Brixton station,
who joined in pursuit of the wounded man. He,
nevertheless proceeded, notwithstanding the great loss
of blood (which was tracked the whole distance),
at a rapid pace in the direction of Forest Hill, and,
before he could be overtaken, rushed through the
railway station on to the rails, and deliberately threw
himself before the 1.20 down train, which passed over
him, and thus terminated his existence. The body,
dreadfully mutilated, was picked up and conveyed to
the Dartmouth Arms contiguous. The name of the
deceased, it has been ascertained, was James Hard-
ing, by trade a painter and grainer, and resided at
5, Elizabeth-place, South-street, %Valworth, and he
has left a widow and nine young children to deplore
their father's unhappy end. The cause for commit-
ting so dreadful and rash an act cannot be ascertained
at present.
Yesterday Mr. Carttar, the coroner for East Kent,
held an inquest on the body, when, after some con-
sultation, the jury returned an open verdict, to the
effect—" That the deceased was killed by being run
over by one of the South-Eastern Company's trains,
but whether by accident or his own wilful act there
was not evidence to show."

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY.
The current set so strong against Alokanna, so long
the leading favourite for the Cesarewitch, that from 7 to
1, laid early in tbc afternoon, be declined in the first
instance to 10 to 1, and finally to 15 to 1, laid to 2001.,
and afterwards offered currently. This left Darkie in
possession of the premiership, Hippolytus, against whom
20 to 1 was betted at one time, being st cond favourite at
the close. Trickstress, Terpsichore, and Windischgratz,
were in some favour, and Grand Duke was sent out of
the market; in all other respects the betting was dull
and unimportant.

CESAREWITCH STAKES.
14 to 1 agst Mr. Crawford's Darkie
15 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Hippolytus—taken
15 to 1 agst Lord 11. Lennox's Mokanna
20 to 1 agst Mr. Saunders's Trickstress—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Carew's Windischgratz—taken
30 to 1 agst Mr. Farrance's Terpsichore—taken
40 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Backbiter—taken
50 to 1 agst Mr. Herbert's The Grand Duke
1,000 to 15 agst Capt.Lowthee.King Charming—taken
Confidence and Sir Charles are scratched.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE STARES.
7 to 1 agst Mr. A. Nichol's Newminster—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. H. Kobinson's Confidence
5,000 to 50 agst Lord Cardross's The Ebor—taken
DERBY.
100 to 6 agst Lord Eglinton's Claverhonse
18 to 1 ag&t Lord Zetland's Augur—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke—taken
28 to 1 agst Lord Rtbblesdalu's Lapidist—taken
50 to 1 agst Mr. S. Hawkes's Wornersley—taken
50 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Pelopidas—taken

REPAIRING A FACTORY CIII,IINEY.
James Wright, alias" Steeple Jack," having engaged
to repair the large chimney belonging to Mt ssrs. John
Wood and Co., cotton spinners and power-loow cloth
manufacturers, Sovereign Mills, Wigan, commenced his
operation by flying a paper kite, and thereby throwing a
chain with cords attached across the top of the chimney,
by which means he ascended the top, and fixed his
blocks and materials ready for work. The chimney is
about 14 feet square at the base, bulges a little for a few
yards in height, and then tapers to the top, where it is
4 feet 4 inches square, with a belt little below of about
7 feet. Tho total height of tho chimney is about 52
yards. The chimney was in a dilapidated state, having
a crack of decayed and broken bricks about 100 feet
in length on the south-western square, in some
and also a long fissure on the
besides several smaller cracks
on other portions of the chimney. Jack having
north-eastern places
two
feet
square, broad,
got his rigging apparatus complste, he and his
assistant began work by removing the broken bricks and
replacing them with new ones, without the aid of a
scaffolding, and then proceeded to fill up the fissures with
cement, repairing all the damaged parts, until the chim-
ney bad almost the appearance of a new one. He next
placed eighteen iron girders at equal distances round
the chimney, consisting of bars, v‘
bolts, and corner plates
tightly screwed up, and this task he accomplished with
equal skill, and without scaffolding. He completed his
task of repairs on Monday last, by hurling from the top
of the chimney, at an angle of 20 feet, and clear of the
roof of the engine-house, four large loose stones, weigh-
ing about 2 owl., which were replaced with bricks, 18
inches long, 9 inches broad, and 6 inches thick, and
weighing about 841bs each. The skilful manner in
which the work has been performed, without the ex'
pense of scaffolding, and with only one day's stoppage
of the works whilst topping the chimney, has been a
matter of surprise.—Preston Chronicle.

baggage, and
PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT SOUTIIAMPTON.—ThB
total number of foreign passengers who landed in South-
ampton Docks during September was 5,464, showing an it,
crease over the corresponding month of 1850 of 2,734. The
5,464 passengers brought 10,
he total
during the month passengers
606toPtaalcknaugensMeorf
comprised 3,705 foreigners, of whom 2,717 were males, 920
of
as compared with theOcs.or7redsponding week of last
was
2,9T28; n Ponr OF DUBLIN.—The following is an
yliff
are(
year
som.atmr.awl:e:tseilaan,
anneeldceBo6sBl.4, children.
512,e7a1: (principally7i
:21;rn
miscellaneous,
abstract of the Customs' duties received at this port for the
. ; sugar, 2,535/. 17s.
irceallaneous, 4331. 10s. ; total,
1,6811. Is, 4d.;
lld ; Wine,
3,52 f.., 7,115/. 14s. scl. ; sugar,
spirits, 441/. 17s. 10d. •
16,743/. ss. 9d. In 18511.-
Id. ; spirits, 474/. 7s. 2d• ;
9,372?. 195. 81 ; tobacco,
miscellaneous, 9841. 18s. 11d. ;
7 Bs. 2d. ; wine, 2,384/ 4s.
total, 16,659/. 12s. sd.

GIFT or A PAUK.—The park presented by Mrs.
Robertson to the burgh of Kelso, is nearly ten acres in ex-
tent. It forms nearly a square, having entrances from pub-
lic roads on three sides. Not sati,fied with this costly pre-
sent, and still determined that nothing should be wanting,
Mrs. Robertson has presented the trustees with 500/, to be
expended in completing the approaches, laying out walks,
and otherwise adorning the ground. The ground will be
named " Shedden Park," in honour of Mrs. Robertson's late
nephew, Robert Shedden, Esq., the owner and commander
of the yacht Nancy Dawson, whim is w ell known to the
public as having rendered essential service in aiding the
search for the lost Arctic expedition of Sir John Franklin,
and as having been the only yacht that ever rounded Point
Barrow and circumnavigated the globe.—Kelso
SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWAY.—The
works throughout the whole of this line are rapidly pro-
gression towards completion. In the neighbourhood of
Shrewsbury the operations are very much advanced, most of
the bridges being completed, and the various cuttings and
embankments in a forward state. At the ether end of the
line, in the neighbourhood of Ludlow, equally rapid progress
has been made. The bridge over the river Corve is being
carried on, and it is expected that the line will be completed
as tar go Ladlcm PY tir) cad Of the yea.