The Sun.
London, England, 1833-11-06 00:00:00

INDIAN NEWS.

Lord William Bentinck has recently adopted the English
language in his correspondence with Fyz Mahomed Kan,
one of the native chiefs in the west ; this has caused a
considerable sensation in Delhi, where a demand for Eng-
lish tutors and secretaries is already in consequence percep-
tible.

At Bombay, too, the English language is more gene-
rally sought after than before by the natives. Besides the
school at Poona, the central school of the Native Educa-
tion Society has a hundred students, to which number it
is limited. There are also several private schools in the

A bridge is about to be built over the Hindurn, three
cess from Delhi.

Runjeet Sing has sent to England, through an individual
in Calcutta, for a steamer adapted to the Indus. It is also
the intention of Government to get out iron steam vessels
to be employed on that river.
The King of Oude has recently established an English
school at Lucknow, and placed it under the control of
Major Lowe; the number of scholars is from 30 to 40 ;
the majority descendants of Christians, the rest Hindoos
and Maboinetans.

In Bengal a letter is forwarded 1,000 miles for 12 annas,
in Bombay for 15, and in Madras for 17.
The manufacturers and dealers in cotton and silk piece
goods, the fabric of Bengal, have signed a petition to the
King in Council, complaining of the import of the fabrics
of Great Britain into Bengal without any protecting du-
ties, while manufactured cottons are charged 10 and silks
20 per cent. on importation into Great Britain ; and pray-
ing an equality, either on terms of free trade or a like
amount of duty.
. _

Lord Win. Bentinck, according to the 21ofussil
Akbar, proceeds next year to Simlah, via Madras and
Bombay and the Indus.

Mr. W. Smithson has been elected a Director of the
Bank of Bengal, in place of Mr. Alexander Colvin, re-
signed.
At Madras, in June, the heat surpassed anything pre-
viously known at that Presidency : people were dying of
heat alone, without any actual disease.
A public meeting was held on the 14th of May at
Bombay, for the purpose of making arrangements to
establish a steam communication between that place and
Suez. Sir Herbert Compton was in the Chair ; and re-
solutions founded on the Report of a Committee were
adopted to forward the object in view. There are to be
three voyages each year to and from Suez. The expen-
diture is estimated at 130,000 rupees.
At Poona the weather was most disagreeably hot, the
thermometer at 130 in the shade, and no hot wind.
The nights, however, were cool and delicious.

COMMEMORATION EXTRAORDINARY.--
At \Vest-Bromwich, near Birmingham, a bull was baited
on the 12th of August last, at a wake established to com-
memorate the consecration of the new church !

The Council of the Birmingham Political
Union held a meeting on Tuesday, at which it was men-
tioned that the mechanics of Birmingham were collecting
funds to give effect to their endeavours to procure a repeal
of the assessed taxes. The masons and carpenters had
collected 1,1001. in one week. Mr. Boultbee said, in
reference to a proposed union with the association in Lon-
don, that the Council could not legally do more than ap-
prove of the conduct of the inhabitants of London on the
subject of the assessed taxes ; and Mr. T. Attwood was
certain th it the people of Birmingham would assist them
by every legal means in their power.—Country Paper.

MR. HUME INCOG.—Joseph Hume, Esq.,
M.P., whom the London papers describe as having set off
on a continental tour, has been travelling incog. ever
since through our midland and southern counties. He
escaped recognition very well in the interior, but on his
arrival here at O'Dienne's Hotel, Sackville-street, his
sojourn in the Emerald Isle was no longer a secret, though
his purpose still remains one.—Dublin Correspondent of
the Times.

By the last advices from Hamburg, the price
of gold is 4351, which, at the English mint price of 31.
17s. lOid. per ounce for standard gold, and the exchange
at Hamburg on London at short being 13 9i, renders
gold I per cent. dearer at Hamburg than in London. The
premium on gold at Paris is 111 per mille, which, at
the English mint price of 31. 17s. 10id. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 25 44 ; and the
exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 40, it
follows that gold is 4-25 per cent. dearer at Paris than in
London.

THE GREAT WORLD OF THE 18TH CEN-
TURY.—An article which promises to excite considerable
interest will appear under the above designation in the
ensuing number of the Court Journal. Its object is
to vindicate fashionable society at the present day from the
charges so f. equently alleged, of increased frivolity and
moral laxity. The defence thus chivalrously undertaken
will be founded on a close examination into the habits
of the haut monde during the past age ; the result may
possibly considerably alter the opinions entertained by
those who have given an unqualified assent to the strictures
of Mr. Southey in the Quarterly Review on this subject,
as well as to other censures from feebler and less honest
opponents.

THE WESTMINSTER ASSOCIATION YOR
THE REPEAL or THE HOUSE AND WINDOW DUTIES.
On Monday evening a meeting took place of the members
of the Westminster Association, in the large room at the
Prince's Head, Princes-street, Story's-gate, which was
numerously attended ; Mr. Phillips, broker, was called to
the chair. Mr. Pitt, from Lambeth, and several other
members, addressed the meeting at great length on the
subject of the assessed taxes ; after which a vote of thanks
was given to the Chairman, and the meeting adjourned.

Fox HUNT.—The fox hunt on Wednesday
by Sir A. Chichester's hounds was unusually interesting.
Reynard was unkennelled at the Westdown Covers, and
went off in prime style towards Woolacombe Sands,
where, for a mile and a half, both fox and hounds were in
full view of the spectators. On their return from the
death of the fox near the cliffs, when proceeding from
Woolacombe through Spreacombe, to the Westdown
Covers, the hounds met the drag of a second fox, which
was followed, as far as scent could be made, towards
Buckland Wood, where the sportsmen thought proper to
draw the hounds off, after a fine day's sport.

- -
GALLANT STAG HUNT.—Monday, as the
Hempston Vale Harriers were proceeding to the appointed
place of throwing off, a distant halloo, a fine old forester
was roused on the banks of the Dart, near Staverton
Bridge. The hounds soon settled on the scent, and after
a few minutes' running the stag took to the river, the hounds
close on his haunches, at a point ten feet deep, and swam a
considerabledistance against the stream ere he again touched
terra firma. After snaking good his landing on the opposite
shore the stag went away at a slashing pace through
Dartington Woods to Dartington Hall, recrossed the river
into Staverton Woods, thence to Broadhempaton, Little-
hernpston, back again, and into Dartington, when he took
another direction, to Berry Pomeroy, and, after being on
foot some hours, was at length killed near Berry Castle.
Th whole distance was without a single check, and the
Dart crossed four times. The pace rendered it almost
impossible for any horses to live with the hounds; not-
withstanding which Old Gipsy was rode in gallant style
by the huntsman Stephens, with that prince of good fellows
Mr. W. Skinner, on his fine young horse Dactyl!, not an
inch behind him, followed by two or three others.

IRISH PAY DAY-DICTATORSHIP.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

DUBLIN, Nov. 3.—The season of bustle and
business, news and nonsense, has commenced in the
metropolis of Ireland. Yesterday, being the first
day of term, the hall of the Four Courts—a sort of
natural lounging room—was crowded with a motley
group of every grade and class of persons in Ireland,
from the nobleman to the peasant, from the Lord
High Chancellor, dispenser of law and equity, to
the lowest pickpocket or conveyancer of handker-
chiefs and other light moveables. The number of
suitors was small in comparison to that of gazers,
auditors, and quid MOWS', who habitually resort to
this emporium of trifles, law, and politics. The
change of ministry in Spain, announced by The Sun,
was the newest, but not the most important topic
of conversation in every cluster of talkers. A letter
from O'Connell in the Dublin papers, announcing
his intention to dine in Cork on the 4th instant,
and disclaiming the idea of his accepting pension or
place from the present Ministry, was a much more
interesting subject of discussion to the majority of
the multitude. That letter, though a short one, is
perhaps the most important of any that has ap-
peared from him for some time, as characteristic of
our Great Liberator. It proclaims, in express terms,
his determination to agitate, until Lord Anglesea
and Mr. Stanley shall have been impeached for pass.
ing the Coercion Bill—that is, as all rational men
think, until the Greek calends, or period of Dan's
quietus ! There is another statement,not less bold,
though more consistent with his character, namely,
that heretofore he regarded Repeal only as a
" means," but he now looks upon it as an
" end ;" thereby confessing that all he has said
and written about the Repeal of the Union before
this present collection of the national rent, was
insincere, and intended only as the means of attain-
ing something else which he had in view I ! The
" Universal People," however, are expected to over-
look this palpable admission of political jobbing,
and to contribute their pence and pounds as liberally
as if Dan's career from his boyhood had been as
uniform and consistent as it has been certainly
indefatigable and energetic. Next Sunday, the
10th instant, is the day appointed throughout
Ireland for the tribute. The sums of money col-
lected on that day, though likely to be much less
than is by many anticipated, will serve as a pretty
fair index to his popularity. It is quite unnecessary
to offer any conjectures as to the portion which
O'Connell or his family may clutch, or to mention
the liberal per ccru'age granted to or subducted by
their agents and supporters. These are matters of
minor detail, which every one knows to be essential
to the machinery of a " nation's regeneration !"
In the mean time a new current begins to flow
from a contrary direction. A strong disposition
manifests itself among the more intelligent and in-
fluential portion of the community against dictator-
ship. The people of Wexford are the first to op•
pose the domination. They have been roused by
an attack in the Pilot on their intelligent and inde-
pendent Member, Mr. Walker. This gentleman, it
seems, did not choose to vote as Dan and his Pilot
wished on every question that came before Parlia-
ment last Session, and consequently he is abused
and threatened. But his constituents have deter-
mined to repel the insult in the best practicable
mode at present in their power, and to prove to
their countrymen that they and their representative
are not to be dragooned according to the caprice,
selfishness, or presumption of any individual or fac-
tion. They propose to entertain Mr. Walker at a
rublic dinner, which, it is expected, will be so nu-
merously and respectably attended, as to indicate
that Ireland must not henceforward, as it has long
been, be ruled by faction.

Yesterday being the celebration of the anni-
versary of the Gunpowder Plot, the morning was ushered
in by the ringing of merry peals at the different churches.
The royal standard was hoisted at the Tower, St. Martin's,
St. Margaret's, St. Giles's, sad the vessels in the river
had their different colours flying. At one o'clock, the
Tower and Park guns fired the usual salute.

LATE ARRIVAL OF THE LONDON MAIL.
—ln consequence of the boisterous state of the weather,
the London mail did not arrive until nearly eight o'clock
yesterday evening. In a few minutes after its arrival, all
the London Journals were delivered at our office by the
express me,senger of Messrs. Johnston, o!' Eden Quay.
As there was no delivery from the Post. office yesterday
afternoon, the excellent arrangements of Messrs. Johnston
were the means of preventing much inconvenience to the
public, as well as to ourselves.—Dublin Morning Register.
RAILWAY BETWEEN LIMERICK AND
WATERFORD.-About six years ago the project of a rail.
way between Limerick and Waterford was much spoken
of, but no decisive measure was adopted beyond the
obtaining of a Bill. We find by the following announce-
ment in the Liverpool Times of Tuesday that this
Important work is again in contemplation :—" The
South Wales line is expected to join the Bristol line at
Swindon, and we understand that, in consequence of the
projected Bristol line, the plan for forming a railway
between Limerick and Waterford, and in that manner
connecting the opposite shores of Ireland, for which a
Bill he already been obtained, has been resumed. The
Government grant of 100,0001. for the improvement of
the River Shannon will render the latter undertaking
doubly important.
_ _

A WORTHY EXAMPLE. After a long,
active, and successful course of exertion in trade, Mr.
John Wood, senior, of Bradford, who for many years
was the largest born comb manufacturer in the kingdom,
has retired. Preparatory to this step, the number of
workmen has been gradually reduced, and those who
remained were discharged on Saturday. Such of his men
as had grown old in his service received, with their dis-
charge, a very handsome present, with the graterlri infor-
mation that they were pensioned for life. Mr. Wood's
business has bean purchas.d by a genticinan in Sheffield,
where it will in future be carried on.—Leeds Mercury.
A LADY PLUNDERED IN A GAMING-
HOUSE.-An application for a warrant, under very sin-
gular circumstances, was yesterday made by a gentleman
to Mr. Chambers, in the Magistrates' private room, at
Marlborough-street Police-office. The following particu-
lars, obtained from good sources transpired during the
application. The applicant, an officer in the army, and a
frequenter of some of the gaming.houses in St.
James's, wished the Magistrate to grant a warrant for
the apprehension of eight individuals who composed a
gambling gang, and whose establishment was in a court
not far from Bury-street. He could bring forward parties
who had been plundered of their money, and in particular
the following recent instance :—A lady of his acquaint-
ance, from curiosity, or from some other less pardonable
motive, having a strong desire to see the interior of a
gambling-house, had the consummate folly, as well
as indelicacy, to disguise herself in male attire,
and to obtain the entree into the establishment
kept by the individuals against whom be sought to obtain
a warrant. She was soon marked out by the confederates,
who, however, had not any suspicion of her sex, and
having been prevailed on to sit down to the table, she in a
very short time was stripped of upwards of 1,5001.
The applicant added, if the Magistrates granted the
warrant he would give every assistance towards iden-
tifying the parties. Mr. Chambers could not grant the
warrant upon the grounds which had been laid before him.
Mr. Bryant, one of the overseers of St. James's, con-
sidered it was a perfect waste of the parish funds to apply
it to the prosecution of gaining housekeepers. The gam-
blers were so confederated together, that no sooner was
one house suppressed than some one of the confederates
had another establishment prepared for traffic. The
Parish had recent). spent upwards of 2001. in prosecuting
Ruch cases, but instead of having obtained the abatement
of the nuisance, an increase had occurred, for where one
establishment had been shut up, two others had sprung
up in its place under the auspices of some of the partners.
The applicant was very urgent for a warrant, but it was
ultimately refused.

TO THE AGRICULTURISTS OP THE

WEST OF ENGLAND.

GENTLEMEN,-You are suffering severely—many of
you, I fear, irredeemably—from the continued and in-
creased depression of the markets; which has occasioned
a grievous filling off in your receipts for some years past,
while your out goings have scarcely fallen at all ;—some,
as poor rate for example, having, on the contrary, increased.
May I be excused for addressing you, with a view to point
out one of the leading causes of this your hard condition,
whose removal, it appears to me, might be brought about
by adequate exertions on your part ?
I am sure you will agree with me in thinking that the
vastly increased and increasing competition of Irish pro
duce of all kinds in your markets is one of the main
sources of that depression of prices from which you suffer.
Perhaps however, you are not at all aware either of the
extent of this increase, or of the fact, that the Irish grower
is enabled to undersell you only through the unjust and
unwarrantable diffiience of the laws under which he cul-
tivates his land, and you yours. It is to these two points
that I am anxious to direct your attention.
1. First, for the increase of Irish agricultural produce
imported for sale into England. It appears from docu-
ments laid before Parliament, that the total quantity of
all kinds of grai❑ imported from Ireland in 1817
was 699,609 quarters ; in 1832, 2,605,734 quar-
ters ;* and there is reason for believing that the imports
Of this year will prove to be much greater than those of
the last. At the same time that the quantity has thus
increased fourfold, the quality likewise has been rapidly
improving. Formerly Irish wheat was niit worth as much
as English by 15s. or 16s. per quarter, now it sells on
the average within 4s. or ss. of the average of English
wheat. Irish oats bring, on the average, a price fully
equal to that of English oats.
The imports of stock have increased in the same pro-
portion with those of grain. The numbers of cows, swine,
horses, and sheep imported in 1817 were 100,201 ; in

1825, 204,729. There are no returns of the total
quantity imported since 1825 ; but it must have prodi-
giously increased, as no less than 418,000 head were
introduced in 1831, through the port of Liverpool alone.t
On the whole, therefore, it is certain that the imports
of farming produce from Ireland to England have been
more than quadrupled within the last sixteen years. No
wonder that prices have sunk in the English markets
under the increased supply.
2. Some, however, may say, "this cannot be helped!
Ireland is as much an integral part of the British em-
pire as Yorkshire or Berwickshire, and cannot in justice
he prevented from sending her produce to our markets.
The Irish are under the same laws and government with
ourselves, and have a right to a free intercourse with every
part of the King's dominions."
Such would, indeed, be the case if Ireland were subject
to the same laws as Great Britain ; but this is by no
means the fact. There exists a great and most important
difference between the laws of Ireland and England, in
many points, which directly affect the prices of their
respective produce. The most material of those distinc-
tions are, that—
!. Ireland pays fewer Government taxes than Great
Britain.

2. Ireland is allowed to have a free banking system,
and a currency of one pound notes ; both of which are
by law prohibited in England.
3. Ireland has no poor law. The land of Ireland is
cultivated free of poor rate.
I mean to confine my observations to the last of these
exemptions, as bearing most immediately upon your
interests.

The main cause of the low price at which Irish produce
can be grown, and sold in our markets, is the absence of
a poor law in Ireland. In England the poor laws have
kept up the standard of living among our agricultural la-
bourers, in spite of their redundant numbers ; and have
prevented wages falling below an average of Is. 6d. per
day. In Ireland wages are from 4d. to 10d. per day, be-
cause there is no poor law ! How can an English farmer,
paying Is. 6d. a day to his labourers, compete in the
market with the Irish farmer, who pays an average
of 7d. a day to his labourers ? In England, a farmer is
forced by law to pay from 3+. to 10s. an acre poor rate ;
while the Irish farmer pays no poor rate at all ! Is it won-
derful, then, that the latter can beat the former out of
his own markets ? But this is not all. To make the dif-
ference still more galling and unjust, a very large propor-
tion of our heavy poor rates is paid to maintain in
idleness the surplus labourers of our parishes, who are
deprived of the employment they would otherwise obtain

in London and all the large towns of the kingdom, by the
hordes of starving Irish that are driven over here from the
want of a poor law in their own country. Indirectly we
thus pay far the support of the Irish poor as well as our
own ; while the Irish landowner, paying no tax of the
kind at all, and hiring his half-famished labourers for one-
third of the wages the law compels us to give, sends over

to our markets his corn and cattle, his butter and bacon,
raised at less than half the cost of our produce, which has
to meet it there, and pockets the difference in the shape
of an exoroitant rent.

For it is the landlord of Ireland, not the farmer, who
profi's by this unfair and unjust state of the law. The

farmers of Ireland are mere slaves—worse off than the
serfs of Russia. The Irish farmer is a poor creature,
who occupies a wretched turf cabin, and from two to
twenty acres of land—is clothed in rags, lives only on
potatoes and butter milk, and never tastes, from year's
end to year's end, a mouthful of the corn he raises, the
butter he makes, or the bacon of the hogs that are his
messmates by day, and his bed-fellows by night—but
sends every ounce of these things to England, for the money
with which to pay his rent. It is the absence of any law
compelling the .andholders to keep their peasantry from
starving, which enables them to exact from the latter
every atom of the produce of their labour upon the soil,
except the dry potatoes on which they support a miserable
existence.

This is the kind of rival you, the farmers of England,
now compete with ; and unless the law is speedily altered
—unless land in Ireland is speedily subjected to poor
rate, and Irish landlords forced to relax their gripe
upon their poor tenants, you must, before long,
be reduced to their complexion. Either the Irish culti-
vators must be raised to your level, or you will soon fall
to theirs. This is the necessary effect of the free compe-
tition which steam navigation has lately introduced between
you and them. The soil of Ireland is fully as fertile,
perhaps rather more fertile, than yours. The breed of
Irish stock and the practice of Irish fanning is fast ap-
proaching to that of England. The freight of Irish pro-
duce by water and steam to Eng;and costs but a trifle,
The cultivators of the two countries meet, therefore, on
equal terms in these respects, in the same markets ; and it
follows, as a matter of course, that ,o long as one pays no
poor rate, and is satisfied with potatoes, rags, and a mud
hovel, the other cannot expect to keep his meat diet,
broad cloth, and comfortable house, but must soon sink to
the level of his competitor ; or, at best, come to the work-
house.

When half the tenantry of England is thus ruined, and
half its land thrown out of cultivation, the English land-
lords (who will still have to maintain the whole popula-
tion, employed or not) may, perhaps, awake to a sense of
the injury they sustain through the exemption of the

land of Ireland from that law which determines the cost
of cultivating the land of England.
If you ask what is to be done ? I answer—petition
Make your voices be heard loudly, and boldly too, on the
subject, until the injustice from which you suffer be re-
moved. Depend upon it, so long as you submit patiently
and silently to the cruel injustice I have exposed to you, it
will never be removed. But meet to discuss and declare
your feelings upon it—pour in some hundred petitions to
Parliament about it—and another Session will not pass
without the enactment of a law which shall make the
Irish landlords keep their poor on their own corn and
bacon, as we do ours, instead of driving them over here to
be maintained by us, in addition to our own.
I remain, Gentlemen, your very obedient servant,

G. POULETT SCROPE.
Castlecombe, Oct. 20, 1833.

• Appendix to Report of Agricultural Committee, 1833
;No. 4).

t Appendix to Report, 1853 (No. 4).

The new plan of cutting iron nuts and
screws, the invention of Mr. Pett, foreman of the
smiths, is to be adopted in this yard, by order of the Lords
of the Admiralty....—Devonport Independent.
NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST SCENERY.
_Of all forests my eye has ever come in contact with,
the forests of New South Wales are the most indescribably
odious—trees leafless from their base to their very summit
poising their naked and misshapen limbs in air ill a
thousand horribly fantastic forms, picturing to the mind
1{ ideas dragonish," and spectre-like is the only descrip-
tion that assimilates to them. Here and there we were
crossed by jackal's, and it is true the aspect of the dreary
scenery was relieved by multitudes of parrots, parroquets,
&c., the variety and brilliancy of whose plumage, as a sun-
ray would occasionally dart through, was perfectly electri-
fying. After winding on our way till nightfall, the howl-
ing of dogs and lights glimmering through the trees as-
sured us we were near the abode of some hospitablesattler.
East India Magazine.