The Sun.
London, England, 1834-08-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATtTRDAY, AUGUST 23, 1834

and such ought to be the doctrine in Spain, and every
other kingdom in the world. And now that we are
upon this subject, we would observe that the greatest
mistakes have arisen on the Continent with respect to
the precise nature of our attachment to legitimacy in
the cases of Portugal and Spain. We more than
once observed with astonishment, that the portion of
the foreign public press in the interest of the rebel
Princes addressed all arguments to us, as if the sup-
port of legitimacy was our sole object, without any
reference to concomitant causes. We supported legiti-
macy,- it is true, because we are of opinion, that
without the existence of stern nece;6itv, which may be
virtually manifested in the determination of the people,
the right of changing the order of succession cannot
exist ; but we deprecated the conduct of DONS
MIGUEL and CARLOS, because they dared to set aside
that right, without, and in defiance of, the uplifted
voice of the people of Portugal and Spain. It was the
rights of the people we sanctioned, which rights were
bound up with the success of Donnas MARIA and
ISABELL A, the legitimate Sovereigns of these coun-
tries. There can be no treason against the Prince if
the peace of the country be not endangered, and if no
outrage be committed on laws sanctioned and approved
of by the people. The causes of our detestation of
the royal traitors will
.be, in a great measure, found
in the words of a celebrated author :

" Blast the traitor
And his pernicious counsels, who for wealth,
For power, the prize of greatness, or revenge,
Would plunge his native land in civil wars I"

And in this enumeration, of accursed motives to
treason are contained the whole causes of the war in
the Peninsula, with the exception of an intention, on
the part of the Usurpers, of delivering up Portugal
and Spain into the grasp of the Holy Alliance.
There is a report in circulation, to the effect that
France will cross the Spanish frontier, if the insur-
gents are not completely overpowered, and peace re-
stored on the Continent, before the termination of a
fixed number of days. We have likewise received pri-
vate intimation, which we await the fulfilment of,
that England purposes pursuing a similar line of
policy. The only obstacle to this was supposed to
be Russia, and the Council of Sovereigns in Vienna ;
but the truth is that the Cortes were hitherto opposed
to the calling in of foreign aid to quell an insurrection
which the generals of the army assured them could be
put down in two or three weeks at the utmost, without
making any formidable preparation. They now find
that RoDIL was too sanguine of his success, and as
the affairs of the country had been totally neglected
during the latter part of the lifetime of the super-
stitious imbecile FERDINAND, they are anxious not
to have their attention longer distracted, by the clan-
gor cift rebel arms, from the performance of their
legislative duties. And as to the trouble of an effi-
cient interference on the part of England or France, it
would be a mere nothing. Our fleets are rotting, our
men idle ; even the handful of troops cruising off the
Spanish coast would in three days put an end to the
business, without the loss of twenty British soldiers ;
for the wretches by whom the war is protracted, are in
such a naked, forlorn, and destitute condition, and
know so little of the use of arms, that the sight of an
accoutred soldier would put fifty of them to flight.

The French papers have been received. They are
almost wholly taken up with reports of the conflicts
in Spain, and the marches, retreats, and defeats of
DoN CARLOS. No fewer than three telegraphic
despatches were received in Paris, but they were
so contradictory, that we cannot give them as
authorities to be depended upon. It does not appear
that the Minister of the Interior had received any in-
struction from the Madrid Cabinet, respecting the re-
moval of the placard, suspending the redemption of
the Spanish Guebhard bonds ; nor is the real cause
yet known on the Bourse.

There is no invention which has done so much for
industry in the United Kingdom as that of the steam
engine. The uses of steam, however, as the means of
conveyance, which promise to be the most extensive
of any, are of comparatively recent date. It is not
above twenty years ago since steam navigation came
into general use. Steam, as the means of conveyance
by land, is of still more recent introduction. We
believe the first steam carriages that were used were
those upon the Darlington Railway. The use of them
upon the Liverpool and Manchester Railway followed,
and the example thus set appears to be extending in
all parts of the kingdom. Where so much was doing
elsewhere by means of steam, it was not to be expected
that the metropolis would continue long without the
benefit arising from its use. A London and Birming-
' ham Railway is making, to be continued to Manches-
ter ; and though the Bill for the great Western Rail-
way to Bristol was unfortunately thrown out, yet a
Railway Bill from London to Southampton was
passed last session. Among other things which the
use of steam has taught is, that the meat of an animal
killed where it is fed is worth a penny per pound more
than the meat of an animal driven from• its place of
feeding to be killed at its place of consumption ; while
the cost of sending it in a state fit for use is less than
the expense incurred in driving it to the place where it
is to be slaughtered for use. This result has been the
consequence of beef and mutton killed on the east
coast of Scotland being sent from thence by steam
navigation to London. The practice will he followed
in the western counties, when the London and Bir-
mingham, and Birmingham and Manchester Railways
shall be completed. The Warwickshire beef and
mutton, if not also the Irish, will thus sell for 101. or
121. per cent. more in the London market than the
Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Northamp-
tonshire, Cambridgeshire, and Norfolk, if these
counties do not take the means of availing them-
selves of this result. We are not, thererefore,
surprised to find a railway announced from Lon-
don to Cambridge, with branches to Hertford
and Ware, to be continued to York, joining the
Leeds Railway at Selby, and with branches to Not-
tingham, Sheffield, and Hull, and also to he con-
tinued to Norwich by Thetford, with a branch to
Bury. We venture to say that this will be the most
extensively useful of any undertaking of the kind that
has yet been thought of—unless, indeed, it be an-
other railway from London to Shoreham. The course
of this railway is short, but through Shoreham it ar-
rives at the means of steam navigation to every part
of the British Channel ; and, if we mistake not, it
will supersede the Southampton Railway, by means of
steam navigation from Shoreham, even though it were
not intended to continue this railway to Portsmouth,
and from thence to Southampton. Indeed, we under-
stand the . Southampton Railway Company intend,
after carrying their railway to Basingstoke, to apply
for leave to continue it to Bristol ; but. in this they
will, of course, be opposed by the Grand Western

Railway Company, unless, indeed, both parties ulti-
mately coalesce.

What a contrast does the energy and enterprise, the
Intelligence and skill of our peojAe present, to the in-
ertness and slowness, the obtuseness and remissness,
of the Legislature Surely a portion of the industry
and activity of the former, cannot fail to be infused
into the latter.

HAY MARKETS --i At per Lead of 36 Trusses .
CUMBERLAND.
Coars, heavy Lowland Meadow Hay £3 15 to £4 0
New Meadow Hay 4 5 4 10
Useful Old Ditto 4 15 5 5
Fine Upland Meadow and Rye-grass Hay' 5 10 5 15
Clover Hay 4 5 0. 0
Oat 5traw............ t 1 10 to -el 12 1 Wheat Straw 1 l 1 18

SMITHFIELD
CoarFeheavy Lowland Meadow Hay .£3 15 to £4 0
Nev Meadow Hay 4 5 4 15
Usefpl Old 10tto
Fine Upland Meadow and Rye-grass Hay ........... .......-- 5 5 5 15
Clover Hay extra fine .1.:6 0 Generally ~ ..... 4 0 510
Oat Straw ...t1 12 to X 1 14 1 Wheat Straw 1 14 1 10

AUGUST.

Egham
Hereford
Stourbridge
Yarmouth
Canterbury •••
Northampton
Weymouth
SS rremmut

Pontefract
Warwick
Western Meeting
Dorchester

Ashford