The Sun.
London, England, 1851-02-10 00:00:00

AMERIC AN -.NEWS.

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LIVERPOOL, Pins 9.
We hare reejv,d this morning, by the ,%rriv.4l in
the harbour of the roy.:l mail steam-ship 11si~+, Lane
comurmder, our usual dispatches from New York, of
the 29::h ult. inclusive.

Tne Asia left New York shortly after noon on the
29th with 74 passengers, 54,5001. value in American
gold on freight, and the usual mails. During her run she
encountered much ice, and but for the detention in
consequence of repairing her fbats the Asia would
have arrived in the Mersey last night. She has, how
ever, made a very fair average run, having steamed
past the Rock Lighthouse shortly after nine o'clock
this morning.
The United S!att-s mail steam-ship Arctic, Luce,
arrived out at New York on the '27th ult.; she had
been compelled previously to put into Halifax for coal,
having run short like her sister ship Baltic, from some
error in the quantity shipped. Her accounts were
telegraphed to New York in advance.
Our accounts from New York are not of great
political moment. Mr. Clay's motion for mire
stringent barriers against the pursuit of the slave trade
to Brazil by American ships had been carried by the
Senate.

Numerous petitions bad been presented in favour
of the proposed line of steam-ships to Liberia. The
Senate had also sanctioned the French spoliation
measure, and various memorials against the existing
tariff had been read. More formidable movements,
however, bad been organized out of the Chamber of
Congress, and on the 28th, in the House of Repre-
sentatives, an amendment was moved to a Deficiency
Bill by a Mr. Strong, seeking to establish a much
higher duty on iron, and also an increased, though
not proportioned, duty on the rates on woollens, &c.
Some slight discussion ensued after the presentation
of the amendment, but the House shortly closed its
sitting without forming any decision. Letters from
Washington published in the New York Journal state,
that the Whig party were by no means satisfied with
the proposition, inasmuch as the source was at least
suspicious, and the measure sectional in its. bearings.
Other projects were said to be in process of organiza-
tion ou the 24th inst. Reciprocity with Canada
would be specially discussed. Our accounts are not
in other respects important.
General Hendersen's prosecution at New Orleans
for complicity in the Cuban invasion, had broken
down. Numerous launches of clipper ships, &c., are
announced.

Philadelphia accounts state that all the funds re-
quired for the semi-monthly screw steamers line to
Liverpool had been subscribed. Four ships were ex-
pected to be on the line by Midsummer.
Letters from Havannah of the 22d ult. state that
military evolutions were frequent.
Jenny Lind was shortly to return to New Orleans.
She will not return to Lo.idon till 1852.
Chagres accounts of the 12th ult, two days later,
represent no new arrivals at Panama.

Accounts from Canada announce tha the Ilomf
Govrenment had sanctioned the provincial postal
scheme.

From Nova Scotia we learn that the G )vernor
opened the Legislative Assembly with the usual kind
of speech.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE

NEW YORK, JAN. 29.—Business in stocks generally during
the last fortnight has been heavy, and the prices of some or
the speculative descriptions show a further material advance.
The transfers of the United States and other loans to foreign
accounts have not been large. 500,000 dolls. of New York
City Debt, due on the 16th inst., has been paid off. The
demand for money has been much more active, but we have
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no important advance in rates to notice.
We quote loans on calls at 5 to 6 per cent., and discount
6 to 9 per cent., per annum Favourite signatures are reaaily
taken at 6 to 7 per -cent.
The scarcity of silver coin has increased to such an extent
that retailers are obliged to pay a premium of 3i to 5 per
cent. on small change to meet daily wants.
Importations come in freely, and foreign exchanges are
usually high for the season or the year. when our exports
of produce are the most extensive. It may, however, be
found that we are predicting too much upon the present un-
paralleled prosperity of the country in giving such an extra-
ordinary speculative value to many stocks of which the in-
trinsic merit as investments is very que,tienable. The fol-
lowing are the current rates of exchange :--On London, 110
to 110,1; Paris, 5.10 to 5.8 i; Amsterdam. 41i to 42i; Liam-
burgh, 37 to 37k ; and Bremen, 80i to 80i.
(From the New York Shipping List of Jan. 29.)
Cetton—Since our notice of the market for the Pacific a
week since it has continued depressed, and prices may be
quoted cent tog lower. Most of this decline has been es-
tablished since our last. It should be remarked, however,
that holders have shown but little disposition to press sales.
The receipts at all the shipping ports are 1,148,942 bales
against 1,125,918 to same date last year, an increase this
season of 28,024 bales. The total foreign export this year
is 72,407 bales more than last, say 23,201 bales increase to
Great Britain, 34,203 increase to France, 5,602 increase to
Northern Europe, and 10,401 increase to other foreign ports.
The shipments from southern to northern ports are 79,773
bales less this season than last, and there is an increase of
stcck of 7,312 hales. The sales during the past 10 days are
8,800 bales. We quote middling fair to fair 135 to 135 ;
Atlantic ports, 14 ; Florida, 145 to 15. Gulf ports, the total
arrivals have been 8,746 bales. Total import since the Ist
inst., 43,621 bales. Export from the Ist to the 28th of Janu-
ary, 1851:—Cotton, 16,597 bales; 1850, '12,680 bales. Ex-
port from the United States since September 1, 1850, 581,214
bales, same time, 1849, 507,807 bales.
The following is extracted from Mr. T. J. Stewart's cir-
cular, dated New York, Jan. e 9 :—" The Arctic letter-mail
delivered this morning is construed as promising for an ex-
tended consumption, and a more elastic feeling for the imme-
diate future seems prevalent with operators. There were
buyers a little under present rates, but holders are not anxious
to sell. The business reported being 600 bales. On the
subject of the crop I have nothing of the slightest interest to
communicate, competitors' opinion differing as highly as
before, and as, from causes heretofore noticed by me, it is
quite impossible at present to approach probable accuracy by
100,000 bales, it is as well to wait the deliveries from that
section for the ensuing two months before venturing esti-
mates."

The latest telegraphic report from New Orleans is of the
25th. Middling, 121,2 ; freight, 15-32 sterling, 741 c.; and
from Mobile of the 27th, middling, I2Lij ; freights per British
ves,ell, 15-32 ; American, LA, sterling, 7c. Arctic's advices
received.

Breadstuffs—The flour market has been quite dull for some
time past, with an increasing diposition on the part of
speculators to realize, and prices of State and other descrip-
tions on Tuesday reached 6i cents. The demand being very
moderate from all quarters, Canada was held firmly at 4
dolk 871 c. in bond, but remains very quiet. Genessee is
quoted at 5 dolls. to 5 dolls. 6ic. Southern has been in
good demand both for home use and export—part to Liver-
pool; but the market closes in favour of buyers. British,
Src., goods there is very considerable increase on inquiry in
'he dry goods trade, with a fair enlargement of transactions
corresponding to the commencement, at a steady and dura-
ble rather than a large intermittent activity. British goods
of all descriptions show a gre.zt increase of activity, and the
country demand has fully commenced. Prices are firm, and,
from the limited importations of this month, are likely to
advance. Our consumption of dry goods is likely to be very
generally extended this spring, and a steady, regular, but
not speculative demand, to prevail, with a gradual rise in
prices, forced by the greater production and its recent limi-
tation.

Tobacco—There is a fair demand for the various descrip-
tions, and the market generally is firm.
Iron—The market is active and transactions are pretty
large; these are, however, restricted by the firmness of
holders and the enhanced rates demanded. We noticed sales
of 500 tons British bars, at 40 dolls.; 200 tons bank refined,
50 dolls ; 6,700 tons Scotch pig, 21 dolls, to 21 dolls. 50c. ;
400 tons to arrive at the latter rate ; and 1,000 packs Russia
sheets, 126 c. to 4c., six months.
Rates to Liverpool - The rates are—for cotton, to 5-32 ;-
beef, Is. 9d. for tierces, and 2s. to 2s. 6d. for barrels; fnstic,
12s. ; ashes, 10s,, &c.

To Londorn—Turpentine, ls. 6d., and other articles on
private terms.

To Havre The packet Ist proximo is full at 4 cent for
cut ton, and that at the Bth has cotton at the same rate; bark
at 8 dolls., and palm leaf 25c. per bundle.
New Orleans Market, Jan. 23—Sales of cotton to-day were
4,000 bales; prices were not affected by the news received
per Asia.

Sterling exchange is at pm.
Jan. 21—The sales of cotton to-day barely reach 2,000
bales; trade dull. Sales of 7,000 barrels of flour at 4 dolls.
25c. for Ohio, and 4 dolls. 40c. for Illinois. Corn is at 60 to
70. Keg lard has advanced ; sales, 700 kegs, at Bc.
Jan. 22—The market for cotton is unchanged ; the sales are
11,000 bales at 123 to 12i. Provisions improving.

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TUE ABSURDITY OF COERCIVE EDUCATION.-If
we wish a boy to become a good mechanic, we insure his
expertness by an early apprenticeship. The young musi-
cian that is to be, passes several hours a day at his instru-
ment. Initiatory courses of outline drawing and shading are
gone through by the intended artist. For the future ac-
countant, a thorough drilling in arithmetic is prescribed.
The reflective powers are sought to be developed by the
study of mathematics. Thus, all training is founded on the
principle that culture must precede proficiency. In such
proverbs as—" Habit is second nature," and" practice makes
perfect," men have expressed those net products of universal
bservation on which every educational system is ostensibly
based. The maxims of a village schoolmistress and the
speculations of a Pestalozai are alike pervaded by the theory
that the child should be accustomed to those exertions of
body and mind which will in future life be required of it.
Education means this or nothing'. Social Statics; or the
Conditions essential to Human -Happiness specified, and the
first of them developed.

ROYAL ORTHOP-EDIC HOSPITAL.—On Friday after-
noon a meeting of the friends and committee of this valued
institution was held at the board-room, in Bloomsbury-
square. The number of disabled and suffering patients
claiming the benefit of the institution was stated to be daily
increasing—upwards of 300 more than the hospital can
accommodate having been recently placed on the books to
await their turn of admission. During the past year consi-
derably upwards of 1,.100 patients received the medical and
surgical treatment of the hospital; and since the formation
of the charity, twelve years ago, nearly 11,000 individuals
had been cured or relieved. For the purpose of facilitating
the erection of the mere commodious buildings so urgently
needed for the increasing patients of the hospital, the
committee a:e making strenuous efforts to complete the
forthcoming bazaar, towards which it was stated the pa-
tronage of tier Mjesty and Prince Albert had been promised,
in addition to a long list of royal, noble, :and dis:inguished
individuals.

TEM EXPLOSION ON BOARD THE PLOVEIL—it 19
stated that a warrant has been issued by the Sher;fl, autho-
rising two respectable engineers to conduct an inquiry into
the, cause of the melancholy accident which took place on
ednesday morning on board the Plover.
POLITICAL ILL UNION. Viscountess Palmerston
had a brilliant assembly on Saturday evening. The Duke
f Wellington honoured her Ladyship with his company.
Lord John Russell and several of the members of the Ca-
binet, his Excellency the Russian Minister and most of the
foreign corps diplomcilique, and close on 200 of the elite of
society iu town were present.