The Sun.
London, England, 1856-03-19 00:00:00

LONDON, NESDAY EVENING, AI ARCH 19, 1856.

THE OVERLAND MAIL.

veringly,.for the deliverance of the people of Oude fror
the grievous oppression and misrule vihich they have
Buffered. .

We have received our advices - from Bombay,
Calcutta, and Madras, of the dates given.in the de-
spatch of our Trieste correspondent published last
Monday. The most important event reported by
this mail is the
ANNEXATION OF OUDE.

Many years have passed since tho Governor-General,
Lord Wm. Bentinck, perceiving► that every previous en-
deavour to ameliorate the condition of the people of Oede
had been thwarted or evaded, made formal declaration
to the Court of Lucknow that it would'become necessary
that he should proceed to assume the direct niauagoineut
of the, Oude territories.
The words and the menace which were employed by
Lord Wm. Bentinck were eight years ago repeated in per-
son by Lord liardinge to the King. The Sovereign of
Oude was on that day solemnly bid remember that, what-
ever might now happen, " it would be manifest to all
the world that he had received a friendly and a timely
warning."
But the friendly intentions of the British Government
have been wholly defeated by the obstinacy, or incapa-
city, or apathy of the viziers and kings of Oude. Disinte-
rested counsel and indig,nantensure;alternatinre thro'sgh
more than fifty. years with repeated warning, remon-
strance, and threats, harve•all proved inetrectuai and vale.
The chief condition of the treaty remains unfuifilipd ; the
promises of the king' rot unperformed ; and the people
of Oude are still the victims of incompetency, corrup-
tions, and tyranny, without remedy or hope of renef.
It is•notorious throughout the land that the King,
like most of his predecessors, takes no real share in the
direction of public affairs.
The powers of government throughout his dominions
are, for the most part, abandoned to worthles4 favourites
of the court, or to violent and corrupt men, unfit for
their duties and unworthy of trust.
The c, rentors of the revenue hold sway over their
districts with uncontrolled authority ; extorting the ut-
most.payment from the people, without reference to
past or present engagements.
The King's troops, with rare deceptions, undisciplined
and disorganised, and defrauded of thottepay by those to
whorli it is entrusted, are permitted to plunder the vil-
lages for their own support; so that they have become
a lasting scourge to the country they are employed to
protect.
Gangs of freebooters invest the districts. Law and
justice are unknown, armed violence and bloodshed era
daily events, and life and property are nowhere secure
for an hoer.

A territory the size of Scotland, and a third more
populous, has been transferred from a native to the .
British Government 'without bloodsded or a blow.
Dada, the fairest province of Bengal, covers an area
of 24,000 square miles, and contains a population
of between three and five miliiona, with a reve-
nue of nearly a million. The Resident, General
Outram, having spent some time with Lord Dal-
housie, at Calcutta, in January, left on the 25th
of that month for Luc:know, to Carry out the policy
with the execution of which he was entrusted.
He reached Cawnpore on the 23th, where a force
of 12,000 men had been established; and a bridge
of boats constructed to convey them across the
river. On the following day orders were issued
for two brigades to proceed to Luckuow. The
first, commanded, by Colonel Wheeler, consisted
of her Majesty's 528, two batteries with guns,
the Ist Light Cavalry, and 18th and 731 Native
Infantry. The second, 'of the sth Irregular
Cavalry, a battery of Artillery, and the 221 and
41st Native Infantry. These, having proceeded
to the capital, wore in readiness to overawe
the malcontents, should any such present them-
selves, or put down disturbance should it threaten
to appear. But the King of
.his own accord had
on their approach dismantled his guns, disarmed
the garrison, and shut up the palace. General.
.Outrani's -first interview he sovereign oce
curred on the 4th of February, when, accompanied
by Captain Hayes and Captain Weston, nleembers of
the mission, his Majesty was urged to sign a deed
of abdication. This he positively refused, saying
that he would appeal to England, and go in person
to London. Upon this Gen. Outram issued the pro-
clamation (given below) deposing his Majesty.
The general then ordered the minister to bring to
the residency all the chief officers of the state.
About mid-day the following attended :—The
Minister Ally Nucky Khan ;, the Revenue Minis-
ter, Rajah Bal Kissen ; the Custom-house Dare-
gan, Sliurf-ood-Dowlah ; the City Kotwal ; and all
other officers of the different branches of adminis-
tration. The Resident ordered the Revenue Minis-
ter to give iu the whole. accounts of amount of re-
venue and the details of Purgunnahs, which was at
once commenced upon. The Kotwal was directed
to furnish the list of Thaunahs to Captain Wes-
ton, which he did. The Resident then placed
guards from Captain Magness's regiment over the
office of the revenue Minister and custom-house, di-
recting that all should be allowed to go on as usual,
but that no money nor papers were •to be taken:
away. The King has sent a circular to.all zemin-
dars and muds, informing them that the company
have taken charge of the kingdom, and directing
them to pey all rent to the officer sent by the Resi-
dent to collect it, and ordering them to offer no
opposition. The King had closed the palace gates,
and declared that he would never sign the razee•
namali. An allowance has been appointed to him
of 150,0001. a year.
According to the Bombay Times the future admi-
nistration will be conducted under Gen. Outram, as
chief commissioner; with 4 commissioners, Mr.
Wingfield and Mr. Christian, of the eivilservice, and
Col. Goldney and Major Banks, of the Bengalarmy.
Mr. Cooper, deputy secretary to Government, is
to be secretary to the chief • commissioner, and
Captain Hayes military secretary. The following
are spoken of as deputy commissioners :—Messrs.
Dennison, Forbes, Simpson, Boileau Martin, Ben
son, Pollock, J. 8., Thornhill, C. W. Cenliffe, G.
Lawrence, Gonne and Block. The above, with
Mr. M. R. Gubbins as financial, and Mr. Om-
tuaney as judicial commissioner, Complete the list
up to the present time. A contingent of some.
.15,000 mon is to be raised, 12,000 infantry, 3,000
cavalry, and four companies of artillery ; and this
will take the place of an army larger than that of
Eneland itself on its peace establishment. The
following officers are named as having been ap-
pointed to the contingent :—Captain Gowan, Lieu-
tenant Miles, and Lieutenant Hawes, of the Ben-
gal army ; and Captain Daly, and Lieutenants
Black, Johnson, G. Grant, and H. Johnstone, of
the Bombay army.

The time has come when the British Government can
no longer tolerate in Oude thee• evils and abuses ; while
its position undcr the treaty serves indirectly to sustain
or continue to the Sovereign that protection which alone
upholds the power whereby such evils are inflicted.
Fifty years of sad experience have proved that the
treaty of 1801 has wholly filled to secure the happiness
and, prospSrity of Oude, and have conclusively shown
that no e fnctual security can be had for the release of
the people of that country from the grievous oppression
they have long endured, unless the exclusive administra-
tion of the territories of Oude shall be permanently
transferred to the British Government.
To that end it has been declared, by the special autho-
rity and consent of the Hon. the Court of Directors, that
the treaty of 1801, disregarded and violated by each suc-
ceeding sovereign of Oude, is henceforth wholly null and
void. _ _

Ms Majesty Wajid Ali Shah was invited to enter into
a new engagement, whereby the government of the ter-
ritories of Oude should be vested exclusively and for eve:-
in the Hon. East India Company ; while ample provision
should be made for the dignity, afileence, and honour of
the King and of his family.
But his Majesty the King refused to enter into the
amicable agreement which was offered for his acceptance.
Inasmuch, then, as his Majesty Wajid Ali Shah, in
common with all his predecessor?, has refused, or evaded,
or neglected to.fulfil the obligations of the treaty of
1801, whereby he was bound to establish within his do-
minions such a system of administration as should be
conducive to the prosperity and happiness of his sub-
jects ; and inasmuch as the treaty he thereby violated
bas been declared to be null and void ; and inasmuch as
his Majesty has refused to enter into other agreements
which were offered to him in lieu of such treaty ; and in-
asmuch as the terms of that treaty, if it bad been main-
tained in force, forbade the employment of British offi-
cers in Ouds, without which no efficient system of admi-
nistration could be established there ; it is manifest to
all that the British Government had but one alternative
before it. _

Either it must altogether desert the people of Oude,
and deliver them up helpless to oppression and tyranny,
which, acting under the restrictions of treaty, it has
already toe long appeared to countenance ; or it must
put forth its own great power on behalf of a people for
whose happiness it more than fifty years ago engaged
to interpose, and must at once assume to itself the ex-
clusive and permanent administration of the territories
of Oude.
Tho British Government has had no hesitation in
chonsing the latter alternative.
Wherefore proclamation is hereby made that the Go-
vernment of the territories of Oude is henceforth vested
exclusively and for ever in the Honourable East India
Company. ,
All amilst, nazims, chuckedars, and othes4fitints" of
the Durbar, all officers civil and military, the soldiers of
the State, and all inhabitants of Oude, are required to
render henceforth implicit and exclusive obedience to
the officers of the British Government.
If any officer of the Durbar, jageerdar, zemindar,
or other person shall refuse to render such obedience, if
he shall withhold the payment of revenue or shall other-
wise dispute or defy the authority of the British Govern=
went, he shall be declared a rebel, his person shall be
seized, and his jageers or lands shall be confiscated to
the state.
To those who shall immediately and quietly submit
themselves to the authority of the British Government,
whether amils, public officers, jageerdsrs, zernindars, or
other inhabitants of Oude, full assurance is hereby given
of protection, consideration, and favour.
The revenue of the districts shall be determined on a
fair and settled basis.
The gradual improvement of the Oude territories shall
be steadily pursued.
Justice shall be measured out with an equal hand.
Protection shall be given to life and property ; and
every man shall enjoy henceforth his just rights, with-
out fear of molestation.
By order of the Most Noble the G-overnor•General of
1 India in Council.
7.
I (Signed) G. F. EDIIONSTONE,
Secretary to the Government of India.

The following summary of Indian intelligence
is collated from that of the Bombay Times of
Feb. 16 :

Serious apprehensions are 4ntertained of scarcity,
in consequence of the scantiness both of the sum-
mer and winter rains. At Bombay the wells are
rapidly drying up, and very great distress amongst
the people for want of water begins to be experi-
enced, and must be increased as the season ad-
vances.

The Sonthal districts are, we regret to say, again
becoming disturbed and uneasy, and deeds of vio-
lence are being resumed.
There have been some slight disturbances on the
P'.njaub frpntier ; that which has attracted most
attention being an attempt, luckily unsuccessful,
on the life of Major Nicholson by an assassin. On
the 9th a party of fifty mountain robbers burst
from their fastnesses on the peaceable district of
Sunnaee, and amongst other plunder carried away
a couple of women and a boy, who were afterwards
rescued from them by the villagers. A similar
attempt by a branch of the same tribe
having -been made at Yaghechund, the villagers
turned out and drove back their assailants, of
whom one was captured. Robberies on a smaller
scale continue to be of daily occurrence, nor can
we expect, for many years to come, to free our
advanced frontier of the character of insecurity at
all times attaching to a mountain border.
We have scarcely any news from British Burman.
The electric telegraph has been completed betwixt
Henz-tda and Rangoon, and by this time it will
have been extended to Meeaday, aid so on to
Shouygeen and Tounghoo. Much sickness prevailed
amongst the troops near the new settlement of
Dalhousie, but was confined to this portion of the
province.
. Lord Dalhousie has declined interfering with the
affairs at Hyderabad, leaving the great Deccan ar-
rangements to inaugurate the accession of his suc-
cessor tooffice. The resident is said to have proposed
to borrow four millions to pay off all claims against
the Nizam's Government. The Arab troops and
'their followers presently employed by the Nizam
are to be sent to their own country, those of an
elder race to remain under the supervision of the
military, their forts and strongholds to be destroyed.
1 The Nizam is to be asked to cede territory yielding
a revenue Of three hundred thousand a-year to meet
the interest of the loan and the charges of an army
of 30,000 men, to be for a short time employed
from Bombay and Madras, in equal numbers, to
bring the refractory to their senses. 'llse force ulti-
mately to be maintained in the Hyderabad domi-
nions to be reduced from 40,000 to 25,000, and
these to be disciplined and commanded by Com-
pany's officers. The contingent of about 10,000
men to continue as at present.
The Governor-General and Lady Canning left
Bombay for Madras and Calcutta on the 6th, and
arrived at Madras on the 14th of February.

HERAT AND CANDAHAR.

The Cabul correspondent of the De/hi Gozette
writes on the 20th of December :
" It is rumoured here that the Ameer Dost Ma-
homed Khan is in great want of provisions at Cau-
dahar, which has compelled him.to detach his force.
The Ameer is far from being well. Gholam Ma-
homed Khan Mookhtar advises him to return,
leaving his sons and the force at Candahar. Whe-
ther the Ameer accepts his advice or not time will
only show. But the general talk is that he will
not return without settling everything to his am-
bitious satisfaction relating to the affairs of Herat
and Candahar. Sirdar Sher Alee Khan and a
large troop of the Ameer's have encamped the
other aide of Candahar, on the road to Herat, and
his Highness is himself with Sirdar Rahimdil Khan
in' the city: The Ameer has in some degree gained
the confidence of the people at Candahar, and is
thinking to strike coin under his own name in
that place.
" Sirdar Mahomed Osman Khan read a letter
aloud in the court, said to have come from the
Ameer of Candahar. His Highness writes that the
citizens of Herat have been divided into three dif-
ferent parties—one Sadozaees, Fofulzaees, Haza-
ralis, and Aimaks ; second, Barazace, Aloka-
zaee, Ghilzaees, and the Affghansi n the city ; and
the third, Persians and Heratees. The second
party being stronger than the first, the latter have
sent petitions to the Ameer, and inviting him to
proceed to Herat, which will be made over to him
without bloodshed. It is also added that Mahomed
Sadek Khan, having marched from Geerushk with a
lightly equipped force, had attacked the detachments
of the Herat Prince stationed at Farah. Though
he has sustained a partial defeat, it was only in-
tended to lull the enemy into careless joy, and he
was now. preparing to strike an effectual blow,
which will be terminated in the capture of Farah
and the flight of the prince from Herat. The letter
further states that the King of Persia has disap-
proved of the conduct of the prince in taking flight,
adding that the late Yar Mahomed Khan, of He-
rat, was attached to Persia, and that it was not the
wish of his Majesty that the household of that late
personage, as well of Kohundil Khan, of Candahar,
should be annihilated by a prince dependent upon
the Shah,
Sirdar Mahomed Omar Khan also read that
through the influence of Sooltan Mahomed Khan,
ex-chief of Peshawar, a hearty alliance was formed
between the Ameer and the Candaharees headed by
Sirdar Rahimdil Khan, who have resolved to send
all their families to Cahill, in proof of their confi-
dence in the Ameer. The Amoer has taken this op-
portunity of reminding his chiefs and brothers
(who did not like his treaty of friendship with the
British at the time) that had he net contracted alli-
ance with the English Government, the troops at
Peshawur would have taken advantage of his ab-
sence, and subverted the Government of the Baruk.
zaees.
" Such is the purport of the Ameer's letter re-
ceived by the Cabul governor, but the people say
that it is fabricated to keep the country quiet, and
that no one in the city and Kohistan should intrigue
in favour of the Herat Prince and against the
Barukzaees.

PROCLAMATION TO THE NATIVES OF
OUDE.
The following is the proclamation issued by
General Outram, at Lucknow, ou the 7th of Feb-
ruary
By a treaty concluded in the year 1801, the Hon.
East India Company engaged to protect the Sovereign
of Oude against every foreign and domestic enemy,
while the Sovereign of Oude, upon his part, bound him-
self to establish " such a system of administration, to
be carried into effect by his own officers, as should be
conducive to the prosperity of his subjects. and calcu-
lated to secure the lives' and properties of the inhabi-
tants."

The obligations which the treaty imposed upon the
Honourable East India Company have been observed
by it for more than half a century, faithfully, constantly,
and completely.
In all that time, though the British Government has
itself been engaged in frequent wars, no foreign foe has
ever ret his toot on the soil of Oude ; no rebellion has
even threatened the stability of its throne. British troops
have been stationed in close proximity to the King's
person, and their aid has never been withheld whenever
his power was wrongfully defied.
One the other hand, one chief and vital stipulation of
the treaty has been wholly disregarded by every succes-
, wive ruler of Oude ; and the pledge which was given for
the establishment of such a system of administration as
should secure the lives and properties of the people of
Oude, and be conducive to their prosperity, has from first
to last been deliberately and systematically violated.
By reason of th;s violation of the compact made, the
British Government might long since have justly de.
dared the treaty void, and might have withdrawn its
protection from the rulers of Oude. But it has hitherto
been reluctant to have recourse to measures which
would be fatal to the power and authority of a royal race,
who, whatever their faults towards their own subjects, PERSIAN AFFAIRS.
have ever been faithful and true to their friendship with
the Englith ration. (From the Bombl j Times of Feb. 13.)
kr\ Nevertheless, the British Government has not failed The tidings brought by the Tigris from the Per.
r to labour, during all that time, earnestly and perse- aim Gulf afford but cold comfort for the Sempronii

of the press. The Persians are moving on Herat,
as they were this time 20 Years ago. Whether'they
will get on faster than they did in 1836, or do more
when there than they in 1838, remains to be seen.
The matter need in no way whatever concern' us.
Profound tranquillity seems to reign around all
the shores of the Gulf. The British residents in an-
shire, so far from being likely toseekrefuoe on board
the Ajclaha or Victoria, sent for their deliverance,
enjoy the special protection of the Persian govern-
ment, considering it anything but a kindness to be
compelled to leave. Bushire itself, which the
Friend of India seems to consider too formidable
for a landing-place for the grand army in contem-
plation, is a miserable mud-built, unwalled town,
which- might be battered to pieces from our gun-
boats, and which our seamen could burn down in
six hoUrs' time without the slightest risk of danger
or fear of resistance. There seems not the smallest
ground for associating the late misunderstanding
with the fall of Kars, Russian interposition or any-
thing connected with the policy of the West.. The
facts already related by us seem perfectly sufficient
to explain the whole quarrel, . based as it is
on tins arrogant assumptions of Sir John Mal-
colm's treaties and the indiscretions of Mr.
Murray. The lights under which we speak are,
we readily allow, apt to fluctuate and vary ; we
at present most certainly can see no ground
whatever of apprehending a rupture with Persia.
Were the Shah to force a quarrel upon us,
Teheran would be garrisoned by Bombay troops
within a month of the sailing of the tirst transport
from our harbour. But then, though we might
inflict an infinitude of mischief Persia, we could
do no good whatever to ourselvei. Five or six
millions might be thrown away in the most inglo-
riow, because the worst resisted, of invasions, but
then the country is not worth keeping. We have
already more than territory enough ; we want no
more certainly to the westward of the Indus until
that which we already possess at least meets half
its charges.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
BOMBAY MARKETS.
From the 3d to the 16th of February.
(From the BoMbay Times of February 16.)
The Overland Mail of the 10th of January only
reached Bombay yesterday.
Thera is no change in our money-market during the
fortnight ; even at II per cent, it is impossible to bor-
row on Government securities. Improved quotations
coming from Calcutta Company's paper look a little up.
Fires being now saleable at 904 r., and Fours at 84r.
In Joint-Stock shares there is little doieg.
Cotton Piece Goods.—A. fair amount of business has
been transacted during the past fortnight, but the prices
realised have not for the most part been remunerative,
holders selling at present quotations both for goods on
the spot and for those to arrive.
Grey Shirtings.-40 in. up to 51b. are dull ; 61b. have
improved, and 71b. are in very good demand. Then is
a fair inquiry fur all descriptions of 45 in.
Grey jaconets are dull.
Grey Madapollams of all descriptions are in good de-
m and.
Grey longaloth and domestics of all kinds are little
sought after.
Grey T-cloth from ;lb. and upwards in very good de-
mand.
Bleached shirtings in moderate inquiry for middling
quality, all others are little cared fir.
Bleached Madapollams.—Very low in good inquiry,
middling and upwards not in demand.
Satin spots have advanced, there being some inquiry
for them.
Bleached Twills.—Low to middling in fair inquiry—
fine dull.
Bleached jaconets of all descriptions very dull of sale.
Fancy Goods.—Bleached and gray dhooties and lap-
pets of middling quality in fair inquiry—all other de:
scriptions dull.
Yarns.—Both water and mule have declined, except-
ing Nos. 90 and 100 of mule ; dyed orange of known
quality in good demand—Turkey red in moderate in-
quiry.
Metals.—English bar-iron is in demand. S Tedish bars
have declined. There is no change in spolter. Copper
sheathing maintains its last value. Quicksilver, red and
white lead, are in fair request.
EXPORTS.

Cotton Wool.—The market is dull, and prices have
declined. Of the new crop a very small supply has been
received from Brooch, and realised 98r.—Further arri-
vals are not expected till March, and purchases have
been made for delivery in April at 92r. For llhollera
new, to be delivered on the Ist A.pril, 85r. are asked.
Opium had declined to 1,000 fr., but within the last
few days has slightly risen, consequent upon Ohina in-
.telligeuce received by electric telegraph from, Calcutta.
Hemp has declined.•- ,
Sheep's wool has advanced, and is in good demand.
Cochineal has declined, there being little or no in-
quiry for it.
Saffron maintains former rates, and is in demand.

Coffee.—No Mocha in the market ; Malabar arriving
61 to 61 per inaund.
rtipper.—For Bhutcolo we quote 87 to 88 ; and Tel-
licherry, 82.
Oil Seels.—Present rates are for linseed from Scinde
4-12 r. ; and for Candeish, 4-14 r. ; teal is in good de-
mand, 25r. to ; Niger, 17r. ; and rape, 4r.
Exchatge since last mail has advanced about !, &st-
atus credits having sold at 2s. 2P. to 2s. 20., and do-
ouments at 2s. 2?,,J. to 23. 20. Oa Calcutta, 60 days'
sight, 07r. Madrati, 33 days' sight, 93r. Chiaa, 60
days' sight, 216 r.
Freight for cotton to England may be quoted at 4/.
per ton, nearly all the available tonnage having been
taken up. To China little is doing, and the freights are
nominal at hi to 3.34..