The Sun.
London, England, 1851-11-27 00:00:00

TH URSDAY

tt 07, lB5l

KOSSUTH.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUIV.

of the constitutional monarchy of flung•ary, would
have been not less in accordance with the wishes and
the interests of the people of Lombardy than the an•
nexation of their country to the dominions of the Ling
of Sardinia.

beg to send you the copy of a letter I have
addressed to the Times, and shall feel obliged if you
vr•i'l give it a place in The Sun.—l have the honour
to be, Sir, your obedient servant,

- DUDLEY COUTTS STUART.
Literary Association of the Friends of
Poland, Sussex-chambers, Duke-street,
St. James's, Nor. 26, 1851.

What then becomes of the charge, urged with such
an air of triumph, against M. Kossuth, that he pro-
posed a vote of 40,000 men to cut the throats of the
Italian patriots? And what then becomes of the
charge which has been brought forward much more
frequently, and which has commanded, probably,
much more general belief, that he exerted himsel4
induced by motives of personal ambition, whilst
Minister of the King of Hungary, to effectuate a
seperation between Hungary and Austria, and to
wrest the Crown of Hungary from the House of
Hapsburg ? A careful examination of his conduct
during that brief administration shows that he was
more scrupulous than even so sound a statesman as
Count Latislas Yeleki, to preserve unimpaired the
provisions of the treaty which regulated the relations
between Austria and Hungary ; that though strongly
urged by Perczel and the democratic party to come
at once to an open rupture with Vienna, and
though exasperated by the underhand correspon-
dence kept up between the Austrian Cabinet and
Jellachicb, he determined to retain Hungary in a po-
sition strictly defensive—in short, that his policy,
under circumstances as embarrassing as can well be
imagined, not only exhibited loyalty to his Sove-
reign, coupled with a due regard for the interests of a
foreign people—respecting whose destiny he was
called upon in some measure to decide, but gave proof
of firmness, moderation, end prudence, such as
would have added reputation to a Minister grown
grey in the service cf a constitutional Sovereign.
I am, Sir, your most obedient servant,
DUDLEY COUTTS STUART.
Literary Association of the Friends of Poland,
Sussex Chambers, Duke-street, St. James's, Nov. 25.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
Sir—Having seen in your paper of the 13th inst. a
letter from Mr. Anstey, M.P., in which I am referred
to by name, and in which the conduct of two bodies
to which I belong is called in question, I claim from
your justice the insertion of my answer.
Mr. Anstey has retired both from the committee
for managing the Polish and Hungarian Ball, and
from the Literary Association of the Friends of
Poland.
The grounds which he assigns for his retirement
are the impolicy of converting this annual festival of
a great national cause into a demonstration of any
one political partisan, and, above all, of arousing
against that of Poland and Hungary the ill-will of
all those to whom, on various grounds, the name of
M. Kossuth was obnoxious ; the injustice to other
more illustrious exiles from Kuitayah in singling him
out for universal worship, and ignoring altogether the
existence of the rest ; and, finally, the vote of the
Hungarian Diet, in 1848, for sending 40,000 soldiers
into Italy to help the Austrians to reconquer Milan--
a vote opposed strongly at the time by Count Teleki
and others of the Liberal party in the Diet, and only
carried through by the strong personal influence and
eloquence of M. Kossuth himself, who moved it.
With regard to the first objection, I have to say that
it was not the object of the committee to convert the
ball.into a demonstration in favour ofnny individual:
the object was to melee it as conducive as possible to
the end proposed—that of relieving the distress of the
Polish and Hungarian exiles. With that object in
view, it has always been the practice to invite any
celebrated person happening to be in London to
attc nd such entertainments ; and just as Kossuth was
invited to Guildhall other distinguished persons have
been invited to entertainments given there, and at
other times, for similar purposes.
It was thought that in co-operating with the com-
mittee in their benevolent endeavours he would be
doing an act congenial to his feelings, honourable to
his character, and which could be offensive to none.
The ball, therefore, not being intended in any way
as a mode of doing him honour, Mr. Anstey's second
objection as to the injustice to other more illustrious
exiles from Kuitayah of singling him out for univer-
sal worship, and ignoring all the rest, has no applica-
tion and must fall to the ground ; and on that point I
have only to say, that if the committee had known
the names of any refugees from Kuitayah more il-
lustrious than Kossuth they would have been very
happy to ask of those persons the same favour which
they asked of him.
As to the third objection, which is that Kossuth in
1848 moved a vote in the Diet of 40,000 men to assist
the Emperor of Austria in the war of Italy, I must
remark that even allowing Mr. Anstey's statement to
be correct, I cannot admit it to form any reasonable
ground for his withdrawing his name from the ball
committee or from the Polish Association. By the
invitation to the ball neither the committee nor the
association committed themselves to approval of every
act of Kossuth's political career. Oa the act in
question there are various opinions, some blaming and
others cordially approving it; but clearly it was not
an act so decidedly immoral or injurious to the inte-
rests of those on whose behalf the ball was given as
to make it absurd or improper that the author of it
should be asked to a ball for their benefit.
Having thus disposed of Mr. Anstey's objections,
permit me to state in a few words the grounds on
which I have arrived at the conclusion that M. Kos-
suth's conduct with reference to the vote in question
was not merely justifiable, but highly commendable.
Consider for a moment the posture of affairs in Hun-
gary at the time when M. Kossuth delivered his cele-
brated speech of the 20th July, 1848, printed by you
in extenso in the Times of the 19th instant. At that
period A ustria had made all the concessions which had
been so long and earnestly sought by Kossuth and his
partisans. The great measures for the commutation
of the corvees, and for the establishment of a Hun-
garian Ministry responsible only to the Diet, had not
merely received the Royal assent, and been confirmed
by the Emperor King in person at Presburgh, but in
the very Speech from the Throne on the 4th of July,
1848, to which the vote in question was an answer—
s speech delivered by the Archduke Stephen in the
name of the King, those persons had been branded as
calumniators who dared to hint that the consent of his
Majesty to these laws had not been voluntarily given,
or that their revocation was meditated by his Austrian
advisers. Was it not then incumbent on the men
whom; the King of Hungary had appointed his Mi-
nisters,in that country to take care that whilst the King
appeared, on the one hand, thus ready to meet the
wishes of the nation, the nation should, on the other,
perform with loyalty and exactitude the duties which
it owed to the King ?
Now the Pragmatic sanction, which became a law of
Hungary in 1723, and by which the ancient consti-
tution and liberties of that country were:eolemnly and
specifically confirmed, has always been interpreted as
imposing on the Hungarian nation the duty of de-
fending from foreign aggression the hereditary states
of the house of Austria. This was the view taken in
1741 by the Hungarian Diet, when the Queen of
Hungary, Maria Theresa, by virtue of the Pragmatic
sanction, claimed their aid against the combined forces
of France, Prussia, Saxony, and Bavaria, who had
entered into an alliance for the purpose of depriving
her of her hereditary dominions. Could M. Kossuth, at
a moment when the sovereign had not only confirmed
all the existing rights of the Hungarian nation, but
had restored others which his predecessors had taken
away, have refused with any propriety to acknowledge
the obligations generally admitted to have been
imposed upon Hungary by the Pragmatic sanction?
Would it have been either justifiable or prudent in
him to do so ? It is true that doubts were rife as to
the good faith of the Government at Vienna; but no
overt act of aggression against Hungary had at that
period been committed. Although Jellachich was
then in arms for the purpose of extorting from the
Hungarian Government a repeal of the union which
had subsisted for many centuries between Croatia and
Hungary, still all participation in his designs was
strenuously denied by the Court. It was not till
the 4th of September, 1848, that he was reinstated
in his dignities by a decree of the Emperor a few
days before he crossed the Drave and marched upon
Pesth. Surely wisdom as well as loyalty required
Kossuth to afford no pretext to the Austrian Mi-
nistry for declaring that Hungary had violated the
compact which bound her to the House of
Hapsburg. Even though such a step might
have been morally justified by the intrigues carried
on by the Court of Vienna with Jellachich and the
Serbians, it would at that period have been difficult
to furnish evidence of those secret transactions • and
what effect would an apparently unprovoked depar-
ture on the part of Hungary from the terms of the
Pragmatic sanction have produced on the more mo-
derate politicians in Hungary ? What impression on
the rest of Europe ? Admit even that such a depar-
ture was not merely justifiable, but that the justifi-
cation could have been made manifest, still I ask,
whether it would not have been most culpable in
Kossuth, by refusing the demand for assistance, to
have risked a rupture with Austria ? It is true that
on the 11th of July the Diet had decreed unanimously
a levy of 200,000 men. But on the 20th, notwith-
standing the unparalleled activity of Kossuth's admi-
nistration,
this army must still have existed upon
paper only. Besides the Croats and the Serbs were
in arms on the southern frontier, whilst on the
northern the fidelity of the Slovacks was still doubt-
ful. Will Mr. Anstey venture to assert that it would
have been an act of " patriotism" on the part of Kos-
suth, surrounded as Hungary then was by enemies,
to have peremptorily refused the demand of Austria,
and thus have precipitated hostilities with another
and still more powerful opponent ?
it only remain
If I have succeeded in showing that the interest of aftTernh
Hungary required Kossuth to adopt some such line b. by mistake, and the
oeonwe Americane
ea
rri letters
to
E difnohr u
rg Glasgow
of policy as that which he pursued,
to be considered whether the Italian patriots had just merchants were consequently deprived of their correspond..
s once for a day by the blunder.
AGED PILGRIM'S
grounds to complain of it. And here I would ob-
serve that it is not correct to speak of the inhabitants Bath,P 'D
bequestshSociETY. h
of
executors F REQUEST OF 1,0001. TOO To,
r:o various clergymen Were
lithe late Miss Wray, of
institutedexeee 60 years,
1807,
of Lombardy as being in arms for the
expelledindependence
the üblvedoisne these
of their country in July, 1848,
inhabitants of Milan had gallantly
yn March 22 I"
prised the secretary of this society that the deceased lady has
also left it 1,000/. Thisass 9
from
imf
to ri
hn
asa the reliefdi
st ri of
tead
relief
Milan Radetzky and the Austrian garri
war iße uLt 0 r
es uhbasr Christianso
both sexes, all ages, and every ydeeact..
CU led that city. The example of Mil
foperiod lowedth be y
brunt othe
ofr
She cities. son who 00- administerslt.on.
Milan was speedily
the manage.
Union at tea
edq uen t l y tot a
itnheadt r , t bas a bead:oosnya.r
oelr at Tlv isee
seadrwtta
stooidlahwa: t
eno3Oprwnseae,Owi
r t
department
agoessreeosnomtn eis
n,sac pensionerso
ont
hg
werhso:
by Charles Albert. The union of ssguineas tit.
smaller sums.
eEgvue iraye e
Piedmont had, indeed, been publicly reclaimed, Lombardyus with neiecneitpottothe society is filled gratuitously. About
imed, but month is distributed in donations. The money will be vestedi
a strong party in Lombardy openly disapproved of im ma erdhiea ti e lry on its receipt, so that the principal
interest constitute a permanent fund at
that measure. On the 7th of July Lord Ponsoziby ,maytnedrisepmows2orthe soci
in the funds
" had authority to state," says the Maidstone Journal,
wrote to Lord Palmerston that the Austrians
RernesEnTaTioer or WEST KENT...—" We have"thatin
were persuaded King Charles Albert
toe
representation
a candidate great difficulties to apprehend from
The
,o, twharerA
hei \ el
snr
.si
nesqtteuonedtndi coaerntofsbe
Douglasve re illnesshas
f 0 h innd ait
necessarymembcr o
tof hisre
lifnamquiilayk,
causes besides the Austrian army."
election for th
was already stigmatised as ~ a king's waCr.h l at the next general
rntation of West Kent.
veryA Albert FfteVfwasEFFECTS OPP
thes
yt hfreofmA tuhgeu furyst
toofarbt the Nov. _
.._ FREE TRADE.—WELLS,oNf 01RooroLR,
Reeks
saved
with on
difficult
25 A few da
mob in Milan ; and, therefore, thetr
he iesoremasucnh revilede- of arable land, situate
of Holkhane. and composedlate the property
lieve Mi. Joseph Haycock, deceased, was sold for only 7,0001.,
lieve that if the project off
the purchaser being the Right Hon. the Earl of Leicester,
if, after the est
of the
letter), had been carried into .
II .
by Mr. Anstey (insteado Kreeuneftssaeuicnti;n'g as it did a deaad.
blishment of tranquillity
.and peace in Hungary—if, INFLUX or IRISH POOR.—Yesterday, at a meeting
physical independence had been board of guardians of the Holborn union, J. B. Hum-
after its moral and
Hum-
secured, a Hungarian army had entered Italy for phries, Esq., in the chair, it was stated that there. had been
secure ,
a large chiefl increase of poor for the past week, apsing y
the purpose promotingof a friendly compromise from the influx of Irish poor. Mr. Cottle wished to know
which should maintain, on the one hand, the honour how far persons returning to the union after they had been
of the Throne, and, on the other, equally accord with passed home could be punished. Mr. James said that it
the constitutional freedom and reasonable wishes of was difficult to bring the law into operation against the clan
referred to by Mr. Cottle. The board, after some discussion
the Italian people—there is ground, I say ,t for bl. e e ley-
upon the matter, voted a sum of 501. towards the expense of
ins that such an arrangement, not merely obtained
sending back to their own country a number of Irish
through the mediation, but guaranteed by the power„ paupers.

HEALTHOF LONDON DURING THE WEEK.
(From the Registrar-General's Report.)
A further and important increase in the mortality
s an iedicstion that the public health has suffered to
a considerable extent from the coldness of the wea-
ther. The deaths registered in London, which in the
laat week of October were 861, and in the first two
weeks of November increased to 989 and 1,022, rose
in
Dthuerrn'egekthwreheich
weekset ended last
OctoberlastSatu hrdtay,
weekly
ee 1,132.
During
temperature at Greenwich exceeded 52 deg.; in the
last week of the month it fell to 46 deg. • in the first
two weeks of November to 40 deg. ; and last week
it exhibited a further decline to 35 deg.
The present return is heavy as compared with cor-
responding weeks of the ten years 1841-50, the
average of which did not exceed 993. It the average
be corrected for increase of population, it becomes
1,091, on which last week's mortality shows an excess
of 41.
With the depression of temperature towards the
close of the year comes increased fatality of diseases
of the respiratory organs. This class, which is ex-
clusive of phthisis, numbered in the two previous
weeks 148 and 168, but last week the number rose
to
is
o
whilstos6,os.
the
Thesecorrected2COdeaths
c averageea t of
are
corresponding
weeks distributed
bronchitis,of
f whicsh
hb yBp2noepuemu
occurred
othruisr.fl:-2mlmo3actiaounsehd by
lungs)f
the
among children), 27 by asthma, 4 by laryngitis, 5 by
pleurisy, and 12 by other diseases of tne respiratory
organs.
Yhthisis, or consumption, has not discovered the
same tendency to increase, the numbers ascribed to
this disease in the last three weeks having been 125,
123, and 135. The last number, however, is some-
what greater than the corrected average.
Next to the above class in its contingent of morta-
lity, and nearly equal to it, is that of epidemics,
among which typhus, scarlatina, and small-pox are
the most fatal ; 62 persons, of whom 23 were children,
33 were 15 years of age and under 60, and G were 60
years and upwards, were carried off by typhus,
continued fever, &c. In the Workhouse, Bishopsgate,
the son of a labourer, aged 4 years, died on the 19th
November of " petechial fever (15 days), broncho-
pneumonia (4 days)." This child was admitted with
its mother a month ago, from 3, Harrow-alley,
Aldgate, the father also lying ill with fever in the
men's house. Mr. Spencer observes that the place
they came from is situated amongst a number of
slaughter-houses, close and confined, the houses being
in a dirty state, and mostly crowded by Irish of the
poorer class.

STATE OF THE WEATHER DURING THE PAST WEEK.
SUNDAY.—The sky was generally covered with stratus
and haze till afternoon, and it was clear afterwards. Elec-
tricity—Positive, and tension strong at each examination.
MONDAY.—The sky was free from cloud until noon, from
this time till bh. r.ar. it was for the most part covered, and
clear during the remainder of the day; cumuloetratus and
cirrostratus. The day was very cold. Electricity—Positive,
and tension moderate during the afternoon.
TUESDAY.—The sky was covered with cloud between coin
and 2h. P.M., and generally clear at other times; cirrocumuli,
cirrostrati, and haze. Light snow fell at Oh. i.ai. Ihe day was
very cold. Electricity—Positive, and tension weak during
the afternoon and evening.
EDNESDAY.—The sky, with slight exceptions. was
covered with cloud throughout the day ; cirrocumuli and
cirrostrati. The day was painfully cold. Electricity—Posi-
tive, and tension strong throughout the day.
THURSDAY.—The sky was generally clear throughout the
day. Electricity—Positive, and tension strong throughout
the day.

FRIDAY.—The sky was overcast till 2h. r.i%t., and the
amount of cloud during the remainder of the day was
variable; cumulostratus and cirrostratus. Misty rain fell
during the morning. Electricity—Nothing was shown
throughout the day.
SATURDAY.—Three-fourths of the sky were covered till
noon, and the amount of cloud was variable during the re-
mainder of the day; cirrocumuli and cirrostrati. Slight
showers of rain were frequent. Electricity—Nothing was
shown throughout the day.
The mean reading of a thermometer placed on the main-
mast, and read each day at 9h. A.M. was 34.5° ; and the mean
reading at 9h. P.M. was 35.7°; the mean readings at the
Royal Observatory for the same times were 33.20 and 34.2`i
respectively.
The reading of the barometer decreased from 29 88 in. at
the beginning of the week to 29/0 in. by 9h. rat. on the
17th; increased to 29/8 in. by 9h. P.m. on the 18th; de-
creased to 29.61 in. by 9h. r.m. on the 19th ; increased to
29.96 in. by 9h. r.m. on the 20th; decreased to 29*72 in. by
9h. r.n. on the 21st; and increased to 30'04 in. by the end
of the week.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IR
THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, NOV. 22, 1551.
Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious Diseases ...*240
Diseases of Uncertain Seat 37
Tubercular Diseases ... •.. 181
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses,.. •.. 123
Diseases of the Heart and 8100d-vessels ... 37
Diseases of tho Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration ...
••
..•
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs 256
of Digestion... ...
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c.
•• • •••
Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus; &c.
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles
Diseases of the Skin, &c,
Malformations... ..•
Premature Birth ••• •••
Atrophy
Old Age
••• •••
Sudden ... ••• ••• •••
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance
Causes not specified ...

••• 51

... 32

... 53

• 35
▪ 10

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES ... ...
Population Deaths in come-
Enumerated, spending week
1851. of 1850.

1,132
Deaths
in the
Week.
157
187
210
250
328

West Districts... 376,332
North Districts.. 490,441
Central Districts 392,986
East Districts ... 485,336
South Districts .. 616,545

163
176
148
239
290

Totals... 2,361,640
Males •• • • •
Females

1,132
555
577

Males
Females ...