The Sun.
London, England, 1856-09-27 00:00:00

MINING INTELLIGENCE.

(From, the Mining Journal of this day.)
There has not been so much excitement in the Mining
Share Market since our last, nor have prices, generally
speaking, been maintained at last week's quotations.
Towards the latter part of the week, however, there was
more activity observable, and Great Alfred shares,
which had dropped from 14 to 9, owing to the number
of Fellers in the market anxious to realise their profits,
became firmer, and rose to 9i, 10, at which price they
left off. Alfred Consols have been much more in de-
mand, and price firm, at 15. to 16i ; West Basset, 30 to
31 ; in Grenville, very large transactions have taken
place, at 2i to 2i, 2i, leaving off very firm ; East Tre-
fusis, in demand, at 3 ; Porkellis, 10i to 11 ; Rose-
warne has been inquired after, at 65 to 70, and few sel-
lers to be found ; North Frances, 10 to 10i ; West
Frances, 171. to 20 ; this mine is improving going
west. Holmbush, 2to2i ; Mary Ann, 36 ; South
Tolvus, 150 ; Craddock Moor, 45 ; Devon Consuls,
400 to 405 ; Wheal Wrey, 8 to 8k ; Trewetha, 3i ;
Butlers have dropped from 330 to 290, sellers,
owing it is said to the discovery made late last
week, and which caused the sudden rise in the shares
from 290 to 350, not holding on, and the expected dimi-
nution in the dividend to Si. bringing sellers into the
market. Basset remains about the same, 280 to 290 ;
South Frances, 360 to 365 ; North Bassett, 38 ; Lud-
cott, 1i to 1i ; Great South Tolgus, 10 to 101 ; Tehidy,
21 ; South Tamar, ; Tamar Consols, 20s. to 21s.

The Austrian Squadron of Evolutions, composed of
the Schwartzemberg, 60 guns ; Venus, 86 ; Carolina and
Diana 24 each ; Ussaro and Pilade brigs, 16 each ;
steam-corvette Elisabetta, 6 ; and the Prince Eugenio,
screw-steamer, 4—all under the command of Captain
Bourguignon—which are, now-at Malta, will, it is said,
before returning to Trieste, visit Algiers and Toulon.
THE SEES OF LONDON AND WESTMINSTER AND
DURHAM. —A. country clergyman in a letter to the Times
says :—" There seems reason to complain of the see of
London not being filled up by the translation of a tried
bishop. As the Bishops of London and Durham and
Winchester take precedence of the other bishops and en-
joy the privilege of a seat in Parliament ex officio, surely
the incomes of those sees should be a little above the in-
comes of the others,—say 6,0001., and they should be
generally reserved as rewards to diligent bishopz."
THE METROPOLIS ROADS COMMISSIONERS.— EXTRA-
ORDINARY PROCEEDINGS.—Yesterday morning the com-
missioners of the metropolis turnpike-roads held a
special meeting, at their offices in Whitehall-place, for
the purpose of considering whether all, or any, and
which, of the several toll-gates now placed, on the ninth,
Amongst other districts on the north of the Thames,
sbould be removed and placed elsewhere, or discontinued.
The intimation conveyed in the public notice convening
the meeting, and which was prominently displayed at all
the metropolitan toll-bars, induced the ratepayers to
believe that the court would be open, oy that at all
events the commissioners would be ready to receive
representations in reference to the heavy grievances
which these toll-bars inflict. Mr. Bradfield, who re-
presented 620 tradesmen, attended with a memorial to
the effect that turnpikes were highly objectionable, but
was refused admittance.
ROYAL BRITISH BANK.—The Welsh Works of this
company are situate in the Llynvi Valley, Glamorgan-
shire, about five miles from the town of Bridgend. The
Llynvi Valley Railway connects the works with the
little harbour of Porthcawl, distant about six miles, and
a short line of !rails branching from the same railway
brings thorn into communication with the South Wales
Railway at Stormy, three or four miles below Bridgend.
The works are known as the Cefn works, and comprise
the Cefn Cwsc and Park Tyr Gunter iron works and
collieries. The iron works consist of three blast furnaces
for the manufacture of pig iron, with the necessary ad-
juncts of a blast engine and hot-air stoves, casting-houses,
refinery, and workshops. The coal mines afford access
to a very extensive tract of coal and iron ore, occupying,
in seams averaging in thickness from four to 30 feet,
more than a thousand acres of land. The quantity of
coal and mine yet to be wrought is estimated at a very
largo amount—from ,50,000,000 to 100,000,000 tons.
Tbo property is held by the bank as assignees of leases
for long terms from several landed proprietors.
AMATEUR PERFORMANCES.—The amateur performance
at the Theatre Royal, en Tuesday night, by the officers
of the Chatham garrison, was eminently successful, the
house being crowded by a brilliant and fashionable au-
dience. The receipts realised nearly 1001., which will
be given to the Distressed Soldiers' and Sailors' Society.
The Government, it is said, have resolved to open a
communication between Portsmouth and Langston Har-
bour, by n canal, 200 ft. wide, and 13 ft. 9 in. deep. The
plans and specifications are said to be ready, the con-
tracts to he Bluely taken, and the work commenced.
Further schemes are also said to be under consideration,
which, if carried out, Asill not only render Portsmouth
impregnable, but will make it one of the largest Govern-
ment establishments in the wo.rld.—Builder.
MILFORD HAVEN.—Several commercial companies are
in course of formation, all of which contemplate making
Milford Haven their port of traffic. About a fortnight
ago we stated that tour steam-packet lines were about to
be immediately established or improved from Lisbon to
the Azores, brazil, and England, and that the ter-
minus of the English packet line will be Milford Haven.
In addition to this we are now in a position to inform
our readers that an extensive commercial company has
been formed, whose ships are to sail between this country
and the East Indies. The first determination of the
company, in which some of the principal commercial
names of England are to be found, is, that their vessels
are to start from Milford Haven.—The Welshman.
MURDER THROUGH JEALOUSY.—A shoeking murder
has been committed at a place called Ogley Hay, Std.
fordshire. A railway labourer named Burrows was on
Wednesday lodged in the Stafford county gaol, charged
with the murder of a fellow " iaavvie" named Fisher,
under the following brutal circumstances :—The parties
lodged together, and were employed in the public works
in the neighbourhood. Fisher was jealous of Burrows,
whom he suspected of improper familiarities with his
wife. The parties, it seems, were drinking together at a
public-house at Brownhills, and quarrelled and fought,
after which they went home together, where the quarrel
was renewed. Fisher was standing at the door of his
house, when after some wrangling Burro css seized a
heavy poker, with which he struck Fisher a fearful blow
on the back of his head, literally dashing his brains out,
and killing him on the spot. Burrows was immediately
afterwards apprehended by Inspector Price, and taken
before J. Foster, Esq., R. C. Chauner, Esq., W. Harri-
son, Esq., and J. E. Bosley, Esq., at the Pelsall Sessions,
and remanded until the coroner's inquest
.should be held.
This inquiry has since taken place, and evidence having
been adduced corroborating the above state of facts, the
jury returned a verdict of " Wilful murder" against
Burrows, who was committed to take his trial at the
next Staffordshire assizes.
REFORMATION OF CRIMINALS. —A member of the
National Reformatory Union, in a letter. to the Times.
thus observes upon Lord R. Grosvenor 's letter which ap.
peared in that journal a day or two His Lord-
ship is of opinion that reformatory institutions will be of
little utility in reducing the numbers of criminals, and
that the only effective course is to extend the parochial
system—viz., increase the number of incumbents and
curates, which would, he believes, cause the extension of
the staff of Scripture reader, national schools, clothing
societies, &c. Lord Robert Grosvenor shows how
prisoners are convicted over and over again, and so at
last, when no one will employ the oft-committed and give
him a chancs, they improve themselves in the art of
crime in order to prevent starvation. Then their pro-
fession has all the attraction of the exercise of a science,
and so our lapsed ticket-ofleave man becomes the ac-
complished member of society, which I won't exactly
say we have made him, but I think I can undertake to
show that if I were to make such an assertion I should
not be very wide of the mark: Now, this is the very
evil which reformatory schools are needed to prevent.
Instead of children being committed and recommitted
for short periods to prison, so that they lose the dread
of a gaol and become hardened in crime, they should on
their first conviction be sent to a reformatory for a
period sufficiently long to admit of their being trained to
honesty and industry, and placed in the way of earning
an humble, but honest livelihood. If this course were
generally adopted, a considerable diminution of crime
could not fail to be soon apparent."

LI fERATUItE.

An Argument for the- Legislative Prohibition, of till
Liquor Trgiiic. By Dr. J. R. Lees. 'William
Tweedie, Strand.

To this essay was awarded the first prize of
one hundred guineas offered by the Alliance. The
author, if we are not mistaken, has distinguished
himself as one of the most learnel and able de-
fenders of the principle of Total Abstinence. 1.11
the present essay his objects are to show that it 15
wrong and impolitic in a State to sanction cr license
injurious trades or professions. That the traffic in
intoxicating liquors is anti-social, and ought there
fore to be prohibited. That all past legislation
based on the principle of regulating, instead of stir
pressing, the traffic is unsatisfactory. That the
traffic is indefensible either on the ground of gain
or national revenue. That the prohibition of the
traffic is compatible with just libertyand legitimate
commerce. That the suppression of the traffic
would powerfully promote civilisation. That the
history of restrictive legislation in North America
and the experiment of a prohibitory law, illustrate
and confirm the position of the Alliance. That all
good citizens should combine to procure an enact'
meat prohibiting the sale of intoxicating beverages,,
as affording most efficient aid in removing the 00!
of intemperance. Towards the establishment 01
these several propositions Dr. Lees addresses hit°.
self in good earnest, and brings to bear his varied
knowledge, habits of research, and dialectic
powers with considerable skill, and with more or
less effect, in proportion to the difficulties with
which he has to contend, not the least of which is
the despotic and intolerable nature of the prohibi•
tory law !

The New Law and Practice of Joint-Stock Corm
panies, with and without Limited Liability. 139
Edward Cox, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.
A second edition, with considerable improve'
ments, constituting a work which at the present
time is peculiarly needed, and is commended to the
notice of the public by the high character as a legg
interpreter acquired by the author. Mr. Cox does
not appear to have been favourable to the new re-
gulations, and perhaps, on that account, is the /esa
likely to overlook any defect of the recent eel
calculated to be detrimental to parties interested
in any of the new schemes called into operation 11
its provisions.

North Wales, or Venedotia._ By the Rev. R.

Morgan. Robert Harawicke.
The first instalment of a work, to be completed
in seven parts—descriptive of the scenes, legend°,
classical, historical, and local traditions of a por'
tion of our island peculiarly interesting to the
archeologist and general student. So far as we
can judge, the author possesses the necessary VII"
lifications for his task ; and, in the completed work,
will be presented a treasury of information of*
desirable nature, including much that is romantle,
entertaining, and instructive.

The Map of Italy. By Alexander Baillie Cochrane'
Itsq. James Ridgway.
The object of this eloquently-written pampble
apparently is to show that the state of Italy gepei
rally is not so bad as some and the aspirations
the people not so high as others represent, 0"
that it is not by the overthrow of existing institn-
tions, but by commercial reform, railways, and:,
gradual improvement of the condition of the penP,';
the regeneration and only desirable unity of It!I
may best be effected. It may be asked—By wi.'l4
sort of intervention does he look for the institution,
of these reforms ? Those who know anything. e'
the history of despotism, and particularly of Italia
despots, despots, will smile on being, informed—to that
which consists in an indication or entreaty to t
rulers of Italy to adopt the policy he recommen°
because of its intrinsic wisdom and propriety

A Complete Guide to Government Appointments'
By James C. Hurst. Relfe, Brothers, Alder°.
gate-street.
In addition to the general information required
by individttals in search of Government appoint
ments, the purchaser will find in the present war'
instructions respecting the civil service examilo:
tions, including extracts from the papers used at
various competitive and other examinations under
the authority of the Civil Service Com;missionere'
As a further recommendation, it maybe well to
state the writer is himself a member bf the civil
service.

-DIRECT TRADE BETWEEN' GREAT .BRITAIN
AND THE FAR WEST OF AMERICA.

(Prom, the Liverpool Daily Post.)
It is only within the last week that a most important
question has been solved, one which has deservedly r'"
ceived great attention on the other side of the Atlantic,
namely,—Whether it is practicable and profitable to
carry on a direct trait) between Chicago,, the ultivao
Thule of the American Lakes, and this country,
without transshipment, or forwarding Buffalo
and New rOrk, the course hitherto generally adopted'
Experience proves not only the feasibility but the
benefits of this through traffic. There is now in
the Queen's-dock a vessel of 387 tons burden, the Don
Richmond, which has not only made the passage froth
Quebec, but has traversed 2,400 miles of inland, Water,'
bearing a cargo of 400 tons of grain, the first' vessel and
the first cargo which ever arrived here direct from
Chicago, opening a new field for commercial enterprise,
marking an important epdch in the annals of the Far
West.

Nor is it a matter of local importance, or likely to
result in the benefit of Anierican interests only, else see
should not refer t ) it. World-wide advantages may fel'
low. Great. benefits to us must arise from the succee°
of this plan. Whatever conduces to cheapen lot"
facilitate its delivery, and increase its supply, must be to
the general good ; and the arrival of the Dean Richmond
gives promise of being the forerunner and opener of
trade which will produce the above results.
That we may not be supposed to have overrated the
importance of Chicago, it may be as well to state a ,fef,
facts with reference to the trade with that part. .1"71
population in 1850 was 29,000, in 1856 it has increase'
to 104,000. The shipments of grain in 1855 was 2,200,000
quarters, being the largest quantity shipped from Any
one port in the world ; pork, 77,000 barrels ; beef, 56•00
barrels ; imports, 40,000 tons of iron, 110,000 to"
of coals ; lumber, 325,000,000 superficial feet ; arrival',
6,610 vessels of 1,608,845 tons. The port posseesel
storage in warehouses for 500,000 quarters of grain, et.
which 400 ton vessels have been loaded in four hour&
We are indebted to Mr. Richmond and Captain Piers°,
the owners of the Dean Richmond, for these statistic*.
It should not be forgotten that all this trade was eat.
ried on under the disadvantageous circumaumstances
ready referred to, all these vessels laden merely to be
discharged into others, not one having come direct
to Great Britain but the Dean Richmont To what vas
proportions 'may not such a trade be extended, when
provided with greater facilities # Have we not all cause
to hope that the experiment, so successfully brought to
a close, may eventuate in a constant communications
to the mutual benefits of all

The north-western states, with their great railwai
and canal facilities, can lay down at the lake per"
iarger quantities of grain, at a less cost, and deliver the
same in England in a shorter time than the cap'
tries on the Black Sea. Hitherto, as we have stated,
the trade has been carried on via New York, the
goods passing through three or four different Lands
ere they reached England, each change entailing
a commission besides loss of time, and three several
freights,--in the aggregate amounting this season t°,.
13s. Bd. per quarter, with an unusually low rate of
carriage to Buffalo. The Black Sea frieghts at present
are 13s. per quarter, and the usual voyage from Galati
70 to 100 days. The Dean Richmond has made tb6
entire passage in 60 days, including .12 days detention
in the St. ;Lawrence, which would not be likely to
occur again ; vessels, therefore, may be expected to'rnsko
the run in 50 days, while a vast saving in expense
will be gained, the freight and charges being less by
several shillings than vid New York or from the Black
Sea. The canal dues on cargo of 400 tons and the ship
amount to 301., and steam tugs 301. imere ; there are no
port charges, light dues, or pilotage on the Lair*, and
therefore the saving of cointnissions and freight is not
counterbalanced by other iinposts.
Another important matter is the improved condition of
the grain which a direct trade would secure. At present
the Liverpool merchantscomplain with justice of the state
of Western grain when received, via New York and
Alontreal, in large ships. That now discharging from
the Dean Richmond is in as good condition as when
shipped, thus showing the advantage of the direct trade
in vessels of 300 or 400 tons.

Nor should it be forgotten that the West requires the
manufactures of Great Britain. Our iron, hardware,
earthenware, &c., are imported via New York—imports►
like exports, passing through several hands increasing
cost and occasioning delay. These goods could be iut•
ported direct, to the benefit of all concerned.
And, now for a few words respecting the vessel,
which, with the cargo, came consigned to Messrs. Big-
land, Athya, and Co , of this port. The Dean .Rich-
mond is a fore and aft schooner of 380 tons register ; her
length is 145 feet over all ; beam 20 feet ; depth of hold
12 feet. She drew 9 feet, with 400 tons of wheat in
her, and has beaten wany vessels from Quebec by two
and three weeks. The Dean Richmond is built entirely
of oak, except the decks, and is fitted with a new centre
board, which in deep water gives hera draught of 18 feet.
She has immense spars for her size, and altogether has a
very rakish appearance. At present she is the largest
vessel which can come through the canals ; but by a
moderate outlay upon them we are given to understand
ships of 800 to 1,000 tons could easily be adn.itted.

CHELTENHAM STAG HOUNDS.—The Earl Fitzhardinge
hag, with his wonted magnificence, presented Captain
West —the master of this pa2k—with 14 red deer (12
bucks and two hinds) selected from his park at Berke-
ley for sport during the ensuing season.
In the Bankruptcy Court yesterday John Lindsay, wbo
traded as a merchant at Sydney, New South Wales, and
elsewhere, under the style of " Lindsay, Matheson, and
Company," passed his final examination without oppo-
sition.

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