The Sun.
London, England, 1834-11-08 00:00:00

CENTRAL AMERICA.

The accounts from Central America are also of a
late date, and very similar in tenor. The department
of Nicaragua was the seat of civil war, the cities of
Granada, Nicaragua, Menegue, and Segovia, having
risen against Leon, and troops had marched to Me-
negue, preparatory to besieging the latter city. The
Congress had been removed to San Salvador ; and St.
Martin, the Governor of that city, had attacked and
driven out Marazan, the President of the Federal
party. This latter, however, having been reinforced,
had, in return, attacked and defeated St. Martin, made
him prisoner, and re-occupied San Salvador. The
troops of Leon had, in the mean time, taken the field,
and on the 6th of August, with a force of 2,000 men,
had attacked Menegue, and, after a conflict of three

The Journal de Paris says—" A Carlist bulletin pro-
mulgated at Bayonne speaks of a double check experienced
by Brigadier Odoyle, on the 27th and 28th ult., near Pena-
cerrada. According to this account, the troops of the
Queen lost 600 men, two pieces of cannon, and a flag. A
telegraphic despatch announces that Mina arrived on the
30th at Pampeluna."
Extract of a letter of the 29th ult. from Madrid—" Our
Gazette has published the law for the exclusion of Don
Carlos and his descendants from the throne of Spain. The
enrolment of the Moveable National Guard makes no pro-
gress, no new names having been tendered since the three
of the first day. We must not, however, infer from this
that the Madrid Militia would hesitate a single instant to
march, if circumstances would reqttire it. The anniversary
of the struggle which took place last year between the
Patriots and the Royalist Volunteers has been mentioned by
the journals of the capital in the most pompous terms.
They all protest their inviolable attachment to the cause of
the Queen and of liberty. The ex-corregidor of Madrid,
Barrafon, the same who, in speaking of the Queen, had
the simplicity to ask Como ester la chica ?' ( How is the
little one ?'), being repulsed by every party, made at
length a tender of his services to Zurnalacarregui, who,
not content with rejecting his offer, threatened to shoot
him. A letter from Cuenca states that a conspiracy
has been discovered in that town, and five canons have
been arrested. Two of their accomplices have made their
escape. The Canon Batanoro had joined the insurgents
some months since. Accounts from Vittoria, of the 24th,
state that since the departure of the Pretender from that
town, a part of the. Biscayan insurgents have gone over to
Arratia, and the other to Bustouria. General tsparLeru
has fortified the bridge of Plencia, and has planted in the
fort two pieces of artillery given him by a lady of the town.
On the 22d the garrison of Trevigno made a sortie, and
encountered the custom officers of Las Conches, between
Ocio and Portilla ; four of the latter were killed on the
spot, and five were taken prisoners and shot, after having
received the succours of religion. The Commandant Lar-
raouri, although wounded in the arm, contrived to escape.
The cholera makes great ravages among the insurgents of
Biscay and Navarre. In the former of these provinces,
several of their notables have fallen victims to the disease.
Verastegui is said to be dangerously ill. M. de Campo..
verdi has beaten and put to flight the rebel Villalobos, who
left forty of his men on the field, and forty-nine were taken
prisoners by the Queen's troops. Twenty-two of the latter,
who had fallen into the hands of the rebels recovered their
liberty, and the house in which the latter were intrenched
was set on fire."

The Narrateur of St. Gall says—. Although for some
days past M. de Dusch has made his usual diplomatic
visits, he has not delivered any note. It may be said that
the dictatorial system has given way to diplomacy. At all
events, the affair is more serious than had been supposed.
It is no longer confined to the sojourning of the companion
workmen, but it is wished to compel Switzerland to break
all connection with the countries in which liberty reigns.
Hitherto no one has been sent away from Berne."
The Maniteur still remains silent on the Ministerial
changes. The Journal des Debals says—" In the course
of yesterday and last evening Count Mole had several au-
diences of the King, and had also several conferences with
the Ministers who have retired."

PARIS, Nov. 6.—The Moniteur of this morning is
silent respecting the Ministerial arrangements, so that there
is nothing to announce but that M. Mole has accomplished
the delicate task confided to him. Most of the Journals
speak of the exertions of Count Mole to form a Ministry.
The Constitutionnel has the following account of recent
proceedings in the Cabinet :

" As soon as Marshal Gerard retired, his late colleagues
felt the necessity of making a truce to their long divisions,
in order to repair the breach in the Cabinet. A sort of
league was formed between the Ministers, since resigned,
for sacrificing M. Persil and Admiral Jacob. M. Thiers
proposed Count Mole, and even acknowledged that he had
made some overtures to him, but M. Guizot positively de-
clared that he would not serve with him, and the question
was at once put an end to by the peremptory refusal of
Count Mole. M. Guizot in turn proposed the Duke de
Broglie, whom M. Thiers rejected, at the same time re-
minding his colleagues that the return of the Duke to office
was rendered impossible by the refusal of the grant of
25,000,000 for America. Then it was that M. Thiers, in
conjunction with Admiral de Rigny and M. Duchatel, on
Tuesday morning named Marshal Soult, but M. Guizot
opposed his nomination with great energy, and finding it
nearly decided upon, tendered his resignation. In another
conference, which took place at three o'clock, M. Guizot
complained of the treachery of M. Thiers, and after
reminding the members of the pledge given in the Cabinet
against Marshal Soult, concluded by announcing his resig-
nation, which was followed by that of M. Humann. M.
Thiers, seeing how impossible was the return of Marshal
Soult, also sent in his resignation, which led to that of
Admiral de Rigny and M. Duchatel, who were engaged in
the same combination. M. Persil and Admiral Jacob, on
being urged to state their intentions, declared candidly that
their colleagues, having always held them so cheap, as they
had always kept themselves apart from their colleague%
they did not feel themselves called upon to make common
cause with them in their retirement." The Impartial gives
the following list as that which seems to have the most
chances out of several it had seen :—" Marshal Soult,
Minister of War and President of the Council ; Count
Mole, Minister for Foreign Affairs ; M. Dupin, Keeper
of the Seals ; Admiral Duperre, Minister of the Marine ;
M. Calmon, Minister of the Finances ; M. Gillon, Minister
of Public Instruction ; M. Passy, Minister of the Interior ;
M. Ganneron, Minister of Commerce." This journal also
says—" It is reported that the Department of the Interior
is to be divided into four great branches, the Police, the
Civil Buildings, the National Guards and Prefects, the
Personnel and the Fine Arts. M. Teste is pointed out
as the person to have the direction of the first of these
divisions, and it is said that M. Charles Dupin is to be
Director-Ceneral of the Bridges and Roads, and M.
Vivien, Prefect of Police." The Courtier Francais states
that M. Persil also has resigned his post of Minister of
Justice.

Another list gives the names of M. Pelet, of the Lozere,
M. d'Argout, M. Henri Barbet, M. Prunelle, and M. Be-
renger. _

It is evident that these lists do not merit all the credit
which their authors claim for them, as many of the honour-
able gentlemen whose names are included in them are now
absent from Paris, and there is no reason to doubt of their
accepting office.
Yesterday evening at 11 o'clock it was announced that
Cunt Mole had obtained the consent of Messrs. Calmone,
Dupin, and Admiral Duperre. It is not known who will
be President of the Council ; however, it is said the Count
has declined that post, on condition that M. Dupin should
be placed at the head of the new Cabinet. It is stated as
a positive fact that the Chambers will meet a month sooner
than was intended.

The Temps, Courrier Francais, and National give no
list. Who knows, even now, whether M. Mole has been
called on, or whether the arrival of Marshal Soult and
Prince Talleyrand, announced to-day, will not change every
thing once more.—iliessager, Nov. 6.
It is announced as positive that the meeting of the Cham-
bers will take place a month earlier than was intended.—
Impartial.

The Quotidienne says—" It is positively affirmed that the
Prince de Butera, the Neapolitan Ambassador, yesterday
notified to ft e Government of Louis Philippe the acknow-
ledgennnt of Don Carlos by the King of the Two Sicilies.
17. consequence of their being no Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs, and M. de Rigny having declared that he was no
longer a Member of the Cabinet, the Ambassador commu-
nicated with Louis Philippe in person." We have not been
able to trace the above statement to any authentic source.
The Augsburg Gazette gives the following of the 27th
ult. from Zurich—" The public mind here is occupied with
the overtures made by the Germanic Confederation
to induce Switzerland not to intrust the governmont
of her affairs to Berne. We have, however, no-
thing official on the subject. The Austrian Minister
has addressed himself to the Canton of Berne, and not
to the Directory ; but notwithstanding that Berne has
committed some inconsistencies, it appears to us impos-
sible to take the direction of affairs from her. This is
established by the federal compact. Even should an extra-
ordinary Diet vote against this transmutation, the law
would be held null for want of unanimity. On the other
hand, is not yet known whether Berne will act in the same
manner as a Directorial Government that it has a Canto-
nal Government."
The Gazette quotes the funds at Vienna on the 28th ult.,
Metallics 5 per Cents. 99 13-16 ; ditto 4 rer Cents. 91i ;
Bank Actions 1,262.
The Berlin State Gazette of the 31st ult. contains, from
Bayreuth, accounts of a fire which broke out at Wunsie-
del, a town of Franconia, by which it was in a short time
completely destroyed. More than 300 houses, with 150
barns filled with agricultural produce, became a prey to
the flames. The Gazette quotes the Prussian funds on to
30th, 4 per Cents., cash 99 ; paper, 99g.
The Gazette of Pestle and °fen (Buda) states that, on

he 16th ult., an earthquake was experienced in the county
of Bihar, and especially in its capital, Grosswarden, in
Szabblos, Gomor, and Abaujvar, especially in Caschau, the
capital of the latter province. A letter from Kaschau of
the 17th states that scarcely a house existed in the city
which was not more or less damaged. The more lofty
buildings, such as the church, suffered most ; the walls of
the latter are split in many places. Several chimnies fell
into the streets, but fortunately no lives were lost, although
it happened on a market-day, when the city was thronged
with visitors.
The Ottoman Moniteur of the 11th ult. has the follow-
ing :—" The chief of an empire owes all his solicitude to
the prosperity of his dominions and the tranquillity of his
subjects. Such is the principle which the Sultan never
fails to promulgate, and his Highness gives unceasing proofs
of his favour to the governors of provinces and other autho-
ries, by whom he is seconded in the accomplishment of this
duty. The same object, the same necessities were present
to his mind, when he resolved to join other provinces to
Egypt, and to place them under the authority of Mehemet
Ali Pasha, a measure calculated to promote the restoration
of tranquillity and prosperity in the whole circle of the
Ottoman States. Nevertheless, serious discord has broken
out in the districts of Naplouse and Jerusalem between the
inhabitants and the Egyptian authorities, in consequence of
excessive taxation, if we may believe private accounts, for
the Governor of Egypt has not yet made any official com-
munication to the Government relative to these disturb-
ances. These events have become of such a serious cha-
racter as to require the Pasha to leave Alexandria, and
proceed in person to Jaffa. The Sultan could not witness
with indifference the effusion of blood within his dominions.
His Highness has, accordingly, ordered measures to be
taken which were called for by existing circumstances."
A letter of the 31 st ult., from Toulon, says—" The squa-
dron under Admiral Massieu de Clerval returned into this
port last night from the Hyeres. It is composed of the
ships of the line the Sufren, Duquesne, and Nestor, the
frigate Didon, which bears the Admiral's flag, a brig, and
a sloop."

FRENCH FUNDS.—FARta, Nov. 6.
Five per Cents., lffic. 106 f. 20c 15c.
Four per Cents., 93f. —c.
Three per Cents., 78f. 55c. (sc. Wc.
National Loan, f6f. —c.
Bente de Naples, 1,6 f. 964 25c. 2ec.
dotnan five per Cents., 97% 4%,
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 43.
mwergri,-, Three per ecn,,,, 2,7% 28 28%.
Royal Spanish Loan, 264 354 36
RentePerpet:d'Espagne, Five per Cent., 44% 45%4
Belgian Loan, Five per Cents , 994 99.:
Haytian Loan, 2901..292f. 50c.

EXCIIANGE ON LONDON.
One molah, paper, 25f. ::oe. • money, 25f. 30e,
Three months, paper, 25E 2de.; money, 25f. 15c.
—Cuurs AutheAtique.

TILE LORD LIEUTENANCY OF THE COUNTY
OF DOWN.

TO THE MARQUIS WELLESLEY.

- _
MY LORD,—In the Annual Register for the year 1819,
page 133, the following account is given of a remarkable
incident :
" A very numerous and highly respectable meeting of the
freeholders of the county of York was held at York, in conse-
quence of a requisition to the High Sheriff, signed by the Duke
of Norfolk, by Earl Fitzwilliam, Lord Lieutenant of the
West Riding, and many other noblemen and gentlemen
of the first importance. This assemblage was computed
at not less than twenty thousand persons. Several bands
of reformers, with their usual insignia, were on the ground;
but it is worthy of remark that they left the whole
business of the day to be conducted by the noblemen and the
gentlemen who had come forward to summon the meeting, and
by whom several very animated speeches were addressed to the
assembled multitude. The resolutions passed expressed no
opinion on the occurrences at Manchester, but demanded an
inquiry. In consequence of the part which he had taken in
this public meeting, Earl Fitzwilliam immediately received
from the Prince Regent his dismissal from the office of. Loi d
Lieutenant."
On the 23d of November, 1819, this measure was made the
subject of animadversion in the House of Lords, and the fol-
lowing is the language of the Minister :
" The different view which Lord Fitzwilliam and his Ma-
jesty's Ministers took of the state of the country, and the
public declaration which he signed in opposition to their wish,
showed that all confidence between him and them had ceased,
and that a separation had become indispensable."— Vide Han-
sard's Parliamentary Debates, vol. 41, page 26.
In the House of Commons the following language was em-
ployed by one of your associates in office :
" His Majesty's Ministers had acted on a sense of their
public duty—the Noble Earl on at different sense of his
duty ; but, taking into consideration the state of the county
which which the Earl of Fitzwilliam was connected, the
Ministers were of opinion that if they had not advised his
removal, they must have sacrificed the administration of
the laws. Lord Fitzwilliam, in imputing to the Ministers
the crime of countenancing such measures as those which
he imputed to the Manchester Magistrates, had shown
such a degree of distrust of the measures of the Govern-
ment, and in that partieular line of administration with the
execution of which he was connected, that it was impos-
sible for the Government, with any dignity, to continue him
in office. It was essential to the due administration of public
affairs, and to the dignity of the Crown, that none of its
servants should hold opinions of it derogatory to its honour
and character. Lord Fitzwilliam, when he went to the meet-
ing at York, virtually tendered the resignation of his office."—
Ilansard, vol. 41, page 102.
Turn, my Lord, from Lord Fitzwilliam and the meeting in
Yorkshire to Lord Downshire and the county over which that
Nobleman has been placed by the Government of which you
constitute a part. Read the speech delivered by him—
reflect on the resolutions passed at the meeting in which
he appeared in so conspicuous a light—on the language
and opinions of the individual to whom he has given
his sanction, and whose sentiments he has virtually
adopted--remember that as Lord Lieutenant of the county of
Down he is, to a certain extent, at the head of the local ad-
ministration of justice, that the appointment of magistrates (a
matter of paramount importance in Ireland) is delegated to
him, that he exercies a control over all the civil authorities
within his jurisdiction, that his conduct must, of necessity, in-
fluence that of his subordinates, that his office was created in
Ireland by an Act of Parliament passed by the Whigs, with a
view to the suppression of factious feeling, in order that a
salutary example might be held out by a man of rank
in every county, and that by his abstinence from party
animosities, persons of a station less exalted might be in-
duced to relinquish their antipathies, and submit to a re-
conciliation with their fellow-citizens—bear in mind, above
all, that when the appointment of Lords Lieutenant was re-
commended, it was insisted that the Irish Government stood
in need of a medium of confidential communication in
every county with individuals of whose wisdom and impar-
tiality they could have no doubt, and by whose advice
on every local question they should abide. Reflect, my
Lord, on all this, and then determine whether, by permit-
ting Lord Downshire to retain an office of so much
confidence, to which duties so important are attached,
you and your associates in authority will not expose your-
selves to the just and formidable resentment of that great
mass of the people upon which Parliamentary Reform has
made you entirely dependant, by which the majority of
the Representatives of Ireland are returned, and which you
have armed with so much power (it is now useless on your
part to lament it), that you have left yourselves no choice, and
must abide by the inevitable consequences of that policy which
has regulated your legislation, and from which it is not in
your power with impunity to depart.
If you should inquire why it is that I have taken upon myself
to address you, I answer that I participate in the feelings which
the recent proceedings in Down have excited in the class of the
community to which I belong, and that to those feelings I do
not consider it inappropriate that any member of that commu-
nity should give expression. Ido not pretend to have any influ-
ence over the opinions of my fellow-countrymen, but with their
sentiments I have an intimate acquaintance ; and it is right
that you should be informed that a meeting, exclusively Pro-
testant, called by a high sheriff, the son of a lord lieutenant of
a county, attended by that lord lieutenant, and having for its
object the maintenance of that ascendancy which Ireland can-
not brook, has inflamed the national anger, and that your per-
mitting the individual who is answerable for this proceeding,
and who has given it the sanction of his authority, to retain an
office of which he has made this use, to which he was nomi-
nated by the present Ministry, and which he holds at their plea-
sure, will be regarded as worse than a connivance, and will
render your Administration an object of utter scorn to the
Irish people. LALOR SHEIL.

LONDON,
SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, 1834.

The Paris Papers of Thursday, which we have just
received, are wholly taken up with discussing the va-
rious claims of the several Statesmen who are ru-
moured as likely to be appointed members of the new
Cabinet. The announcement, which appeared in a
Ministerial evening journal of Wednesday, of the KING
having charged M. MOLE with the re-construction of
the Cabinet, is confirmed ; and we have learned, in
addition, that the first act of M. MOLE on his
appointment was to wait on TIIIERS, and re-
quest him to resume a place at the Council
Board. This the ex-Minister refused, knowing
well that his acceptance of office would bring
down on him the vengeance of his late colleagues.
However, THIERS and MoLE are since almost
constantly together, and there is no doubt but that
the former will form one of the new Adminis-
tration, if he can possibly do so without exposing him-
self to the enmity of those with whom he so -lately
acted. One of the reasons he is stated to have alleged
for refusing to take office was his dislike of M. Gur-
ZOT, with whom he had just quarrelled on a proposal
for appointing Marshal SOULT President of the Coun-
cil. This objection was, however, very quickly re-
moved by M. MOLE, who brought about a reconcilia-
tion between the Ex-ministers, who have since visited
each other, promenaded together, and are at present on
the closest terms of intimacy. Nothing certain is yet
known of the new appointments. The rumour among
the Paris journalists is that Count MOLE will be Pre-
sident of the Council and Foreign Minister ; M. DE
CAUX to take the War Department ; and M. DE
RIGNY to fill the Navy Office. M. DUPIN was
applied to several times, but he peremptorily re-
fused forming a part of the Administration, unless
his friend Marshal GERARD was also appointed.
This in the present state of affairs is impossible, and
so his name will not appear in the list. The KING is
completely puzzled ; and it is rumoured that nothing
but being driven to the last extremity would have in-
duced him to send for M. MOLE, who is well known
to dislike the name and responsibility of a Minister,
without exercising the full powers of one. There is
said to be a secret understanding between the Citizen
KING and the new President of the Council; but
whether the former is to give up what he has hitherto
considered a prerogative—namely, the direction of his

THE LATE MURDER IN TIPPERARY.--A Cahir
correspondent informs us, that the recent murder of Mr. Con-
stantine Maguire, near that town, had no connexion whatever
with agrarian disturbances, or disputes about land. It zppears
that plunder was the object of the assassins, and that they suc-
ceeded in carrying off 5001.—Morning Register.

An elderly lady at a village in Norfolk, has adopted
the singular idea that she is an old hen. Her restlessness and
vexation were excessive so long as her friends contradicted
the notion ; but after a time they ceased to do so, and at the
recommendation of her medical man, suffered her to think and
act as she pleased. In consequence of this indulgence the
good dame is more positive than ever of her feathered state,
and has even gone as far as to make herself a nest in a clothes
basket, where she sits a great part of the day with most praise-
worthy patience on three Dutch cheeses, frequently assuring
those around her that they will be hatched in seven weeks time.
—Suffolk Chronicle.
REMARKABLE PHENOMENON. —On Monday
evening, about eight o'clock, a singular luminous appearance
was seen in the heavens generally throughout the country,
commencing near the western horizon, and after extending in a
continuous line through the meridian of the heavens, finally
losing itself near the brilliant planet Jupiter, which then shone
with resplendent lustre in the East, about 20 degrees above
the horizon. It presented the aspect of a beauteous trans-
parent zone of light, of nearly equal width, from six to seven
degrees, throughput the entire length of the line, and very
much resembling the representations of the milky way. The
stars were distinctly visible through its filmy structure, and
here and there a thin vapcury cloud crossed it at right angles,
presenting a similar appearance to the telescopic view of the
belts of Jupiter. Whether this splendid heavenly phenomenon
should be ranked amongst the meteoric, nebulous, or electrical
class, we cannot pretend to say. From the time it was first
observed to the period of its disappearance might be from ten
minutes to a quarter of an hour.

THE SUN LONDON, SATUR DAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1834.

Cabinet—or whether the latter has promised to exhibit
less obstinacy than he was wont to do, we have not
learned. All that we know of the matter is, that the
rumoured changes in the French Cabinet are not likely
to add to the stability of the throne, to increase the
welfare of the French people, nor to confirm the
Government of this country in a prospect of a closer
commercial alliance with France on a system of
mutual reciprocity.

vocates of the Liberty of the Press, and if the pro-
prietor of the journal in question had been prosecuted,
simply for his opinions, our voice should have been
raised in his favour. But the present question has a
totally different bearing. It is strictly commercial, and
reduces itself to this :—Shall the unfair dealer who acts
in contravention of the established laws be permitted to do
so with impunity, to the manifest hurt and detriment
of the honest man who conforms to them ?

We publish, in another column, a very able and
temperate letter addressed by Mr. SHIEL, M.P., to
his Excellency the LORD-LIEUTENANT of Ireland,
recommending the dismissal of the Marquis of DOWN-
SHIRE from the Lieutenancy of the county of Down,
in consequence of his attendance and inflammatory ha-
rangue at the late Orange Meeting at Hillsborough.
The letter of Mr. SIIIEL commences with a quotation-
from the Annual Register of 1819, giving an account
of the dismissal of the Earl*FrrzwlL lAA m from the
Lord-Lieutenancy of the West Riding of Yorkshire,
for having attended a Reform Meeting convened by
the High Sheriff; which attendance was asserted by
the then Government, during a subsequent debate
on the subject in Parliament, as equivalent to a re-
signation of the office of Lieutenant. Mr. SIIIEL
contends that the two cases are precisely similar, and
that therefore the present Government has a precedent
for what he so temperately recommends. In this view
of the case we entirely agree with Mr. SHELL, and we
think praise is due to him for pointing out, as he has
done, the course which the Ministry are in duty bound
to pursue. It is manifest, from the reports of the way .
in which the Orange meeting was " got up," that had
the Marquis of DOWNSHIRE opposed it, or even had
he publicly refused to attend, no meeting would have
taken place. The Earl of HILLSBOROUGH, High
Sheriff of the County, and Chairman of the Orange
meeting, is the son of Lord DOWNSHIRE; the Noble
Lord was himself the first person to open the busi-
ness of the day, and the first part of his speech
included the only compliment paid the Chairman
for his contempt for the sentiments, and general
policy of his MAJESTY'S Government. The meeting
itself was likewise little more than an assemblage of
his Lordship's tenantry, with a sprinkling of Tract
Society Blue Stockings, and a few political mounte-
banks, who are not ashamed to go about the country,
robed in cassocks and surplices, delivering bayonet and
Bible sermons, and a variety of other specimens of mob
oratory, concocted for the prevention of the downfall
of religious rancour in Ireland. We have heard that
certain members of the Government hesitate about
doing any thing in this affair ; probably because
they dread the ridicule of the Tories, who will taunt
them with being dictated to by a joint of the O'CoN-
NELL Tail. To be influenced by fears of this kind,
would be to exhibit the last degree of weak-
ness, indecision, and imbecility. Ministers must
not suffer themselves to be made the dupes of fears so
utterly preposterous and absurd. There are no two
feelings more opposed to each other than obstinacy
and firmness ; and while the weakest men are obstinate
in order to appear firm, the most prudent evince their
firmness by rejecting no counsel--refusing no aid—
disclaiming no assistance which goes to promote the ob-
ject they have in view. The cackling of geese preserved
the Roman capital when besieged by the Gauls ; the
neighing of his horse bestowed a kingdom on DARIUS ;
and by means equally trifling in themselves have an
hundred kingdoms been lost and won since either of
these events happened. It matters not to Lord MEL-
BOURNE'S Government from what quarter a recom-
mendation to act wisely comes—by adopting it
the Ministry will preserve the confidence of the
country, which only seeks that impartial justice be
done to all parties. God forbid that we should re-
commend any course calculated to compromise the
dignity and independence of the British Cabinet. We
would have nothing to do with Orangemen or O'Con-
nellites ; we know that the dignity of the Government
will be only maintained by rejecting all overtures from
both factions, and standing firmly between them as the
controller of all parties in the state. We would not recom-
mend the putting down of Orangemen to gratify Catholic
demagogues, nor would we permit injustice to the Ca-
tholics to sate the spleen of the Orange parsons ; but
we advise the curbing the insolence of both, in order
to promote the general prosperity of the country.
It matters not what may have been the past conduct of
the Marquis of DOWNSHIRE. We care not
.a straw
about his merits as a landlord or a legislator. It is
quite enough that in the instance of the Hillsborough
Orange gathering, his Lordship countenanced, advo-
cated, and cheered on a most violent resistance to the
Government. The Ministers are bound not to over-
look this wanton attack on them ; which if suffered to
pass unnoticed will provoke an hundred others from the
leaders of both factions. The making of a few signal
examples will do more good than a thousand proclama-
tions recommending an observance of the laws, and
threatening applications of the Coercion Bill. Lord
WELLESLEY cannot fail to remember that he
himself deprived Sir CIIA RL ES VERNON of
his office in the Castle, for attending a public
dinner, and therefore to act consistently with him-
self, he is bound to take notice of the recent exhi-
bition of the Downshire Lord Lieutenant at Hills-
borough. Firmness is all that is required. Let the
Government act firmly, and they may rely upon the
support of the British people.

We are glad, however, to see that the Commis-
sioners of Stamps have at length directed their opera-
tions in the right direction, and attacked the principals
instead of the subordinates. Their present course will
be found much more efficacious, than their former plan
of fining and imprisoning the poor and needy wretches
who, to gain a scanty livelihood, hawked these publica-
tions about the streets of the metropolis.

The article of M. THIERS, which appeared in the
Journal des Debats of Tuesday, commenting on that
part of the. Earl of DURHAM'S speech, which referred
to our commercial alliance with France, is this morn-
ing made the subject of some curious panegyric in the
Morning Post. Our Tory contemporary is delighted
with the logic of the little Ex-Minister of the Citizen
KING. We shall give the article from the Debats, with
our opinion of its merits on Monday, press of matter
obliging us to postpone its insertion in our columns of
to-day.

In a former number we have adverted to some whole-
some provisions which have been lately made with re-
ference to our money system, and have shown how, in
clue time, these will bring us to a sounder way of
thinking and acting upon such subjects. The exclu-
sive privilege of the Bank cannot be repealed for ten
years to come, but when it shall appear, as it most
unquestionably will, by the returns as well of the
country as the Bank circulation, that over-issue is
always with the Bank and never with the country
Bankers, the Bank Directors can hardly fail to see the
errors into which they fall, and will be at more pains
to avoid them, while the vigilance and intelligence of
mercantile men will find the means of making the con-
sequences which now fall upon the community at large
recoil upon the Bank, if its Directors shall adhere to a
line of conduct which shall continue to produce them.
We shall now advert to some palpable mistakes con-
stantly in the course "of commission by the Bank Di-
rectors, which tend to over-issue. Money continuing
to rise in exchangeable value, the necessary conse-
quence is that so much less of it becomes necessary
for the purposes of circulation. A portion of the
gold in circulation, when it thus comes not to be
wanted for the purposes of currency, returns to the
Bank as the only receptacle for gold in this country,
under its restrained system, arising from the exclusive
privilege of the Bank, in order to prevent its exchange-
able value from being lowered with the excess of paper
currency circulating with it. The Bank Directors, not
being aware that this is the cause of gold coming in,
but having adopted a rule of making the amount of
their issues correspond in the proportionate amount of
two-thirds of securities for one-third of gold, create
more securities, and send out more notes in proportion
to the gold so coming in, and thus overcharge the cur-
rency still more, whereby gold in circulation, not being
able to preserve its exchangeable value by returning
to the Bank, goes abroad, and then, but not till then,
the depreciation of our currency appears from the
foreign exchanges ; because, though we estimate our
commodities in our currency, foreigners estimate them
in silver, valued by us in gold, as they value gold in
silver, and will not, in exchange, give us credit for
commodities valued in our currency, but only for their
amount estimated in gold valued in silver, or in silver
valued in gold. This mistake of the Bank is
the leading cause of its expanding and contract-
ing its issues. It is obvious, if the currency
were sound, that is, if Bank-notes were always
of the same exchangeable value with gold, that
an amount of gold would always come in and go out
from the Bank with its notes in certain proportions,
which experience would point out. The Bank Direc-
tors, if they will suffer themselves to profit by expe-
rience, cannot fail to become aware if gold continues to
come in for any, even a very short time, in greater
quantities than go out, that this is an indication of the
currency being overcharged, which therefore they
should relieve by gradual contraction, and not aggra-
vate by further issues.

There is another error which the Bank Directors
are constantly committing, even more palpable than
the former, and like it producing the depreciation of
Bank-notes, namely, in the price they give for gold.
The purchase of gold, as stated by the Governor
examined before the Bank Charter Committee
(PALMER), is the peculiar province for the Governor
for the time, who gives Si. 17s. 9d. per ounce for all
the gold purchased, under the notion (as also stated
by him) that it is desirable to keep the market price of
gold as nearly as possible the same with the Mint
price. Now the best of the joke (if such a word can
be applied to such a subject) is, that since the year
1816 there has been no Mint price whatever. From
the time of Queen ELIZABETH down to that year,
our Mint pound of silver, consisting of twelve ounces,
was coined into 62 parts, or shillings, and if we
enquired what was the price of an ounce of silver
in our then currency, it was exactly ss. 2d. an ounce.
We, therefore, then said the Mint price of silver was
ss. 2d. an ounce. So if we enquired what quantity
of silver at ss. 2d. an ounce was required to purchase
an ounce of gold in the proportion of 15.2096 to 1,
being the proportion established by our Mint regula-
tions between the value of gold and the value of silver,
it was exactly Si. 17s. 102 d. an ounce. We, there-
fore, then said that the Mint price of gold was
Si. 17s. 102 d. an ounce. But since the year 1816
our Mint pound of silver has been coined into 66 parts
or shillings, of which four are retained by the Mint for
seignorage, and by the same Act which thus altered our
silver coinage (56 Geo. 111. c. 68.) it was directed
that silver, which had theretofore been a legal tender
to the extent of 251., should thereafter be a legal tender
only to the extent of 40s. There, therefore, was an end
of our Mint price of silver, and of our Mint price of gold.
There remained only the market price, and the market
price of silver has not since exceeded 4s. 11d., and
has geneially been at 4s. 10/d. per ounce. At this
price of silver, the price which the Bank should give
for the gold it requires, should not exceed 31. 13s. per
ounce, and the Si. 17s. 9d. its Governor gives for the
gold purchased for it being paid in its notes, these
notes are thereby depreciated upwards of 61. per cent.,
upon all the amount of the gold he purchases. This
is a point of no small importance, when considering
the conduct of twenty-four persons, under whose sanc-
tion this act is done, to whom has been committed by
law the power of raising and depressing general
prices at their pleasure, for such is the effect of their

We beg to call the attention of our readers to a
report of the Court of Exchequer, in our paper of yes-
terday, in which Mr. Sergeant TALFOURD moved
for a rule to show cause why a verdict obtained against
a man of the name of CLEAVE, proprietor and pub-
lisher of an unstamped newspaper called the Weekly
Police Gazette, should not be set aside and a new trial
had. The sophistry of the arguments on which the
application was grounded must be so evident that we
need hardly point it out to our readers. Mr. CLEAVE
can never persuade any man who possesses even the
smallest and most imperceptible particle of common sense,
that the police reports are not news. Because he does
not publish political intelligence, he imagines that he
may safely evade the payment of the stamp duty, thereby
injuring the property of the fair dealer who conforms
himself to the existing law. What should we think
of the smuggler who had been amerced or otherwise
punished for his nefarious traffic, if he were to move for
a new trial in the Court of Exchequer on the grounds
of his not having smuggled lace or brandy—No I he
would never do that! but only tobacco ? Mr. CI, EA v E's
case is precisely similar. He never smuggled political in-
telligence—Oh no I he only smuggled the police reports.
Considered merely as news, the one comes as much under
the denomination as the other, and the only line of dis-
tinction which can possibly be drawn between them is
their comparative importance to society.
We are now,and ever have been, the unflinching,-ad-

expansion and contraction of the currency, thereby
placing the well-being of the industry and fortunes of
the community in the hands of persons who have
proved themselves by the fact of such purchases alone
altogether devoid of the knowledge necessary to exer-
cise it ; for in the instance in hand, they have shown
themselves utterly ignorant of the provisions of the
56 Geo. 111. c. 68, which now regulates our coinage,
as well as unacquainted with the nature of exchange-
able value, and the principles of currency. We shall
prosecute this subject.