The Sun.
London, England, 1833-10-29 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

The
p., Duchess of KENT'S apartments in Kensington
ace' are getting ready for the return of her Royal High-
so4 the Princess VICTORIA in the course of the ensuing
No LORD CHANCELLOR arrived in town yesterday from
rttpu-13111,) and paid a visit to Viscount ALTHORY at the
8,-111:071: His Lordship left town in the afternoon for
T
Ihe Spanish Minister and Sir JAMES GRAHAM visited
Cu PALMERSTON yesterday at the Foreign Office.
Ord A.ncrLatin, Mr. Secretary STANLEY, and a select
tii%te had a day's shootingyesterday in Cash iobury Park,
at of the Earl of Essayx.

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1833.

In a second edition of The Sun of yesterday
we were enabled to give accounts from Lisbon
of the 20th instant, confirming the statement
which we gave exclusively from an official source

East week, under date of the 13th, announcing

the retreat of the rebels towards Santarem.
From that date until the 20th no engagement of
consequence had taken place, the enemy having
had the advantage of being one day in advance
of their pursuers, so that they were able to make
a masterly retreat, carrying with them their
heavy baggage and ammunition, and being ac-
companied by a great number of the inhabitants,
who had been terrified by the priests into a belief
that the Constitutionalists would take signal ven-
geance upon all who had, either directly or indi-
rectly, been partisans of the Usurper. This belief
appears to have extended even to the sick and
wounded of the Miguelite army who were left
behind, for many of these poor wretches made
an attempt to escape from the hospital in which
they were lying, on the approach of the Con-
stitutionalists, and could hardly credit that their
ives would be spared, whe❑ the REGENT kindly
visited them, and ordered arrangements for their
being attended to by the surgeons of his own
army. The retreat of the tVliguelites, although
effected with little loss of men, is a signal
triumph for the Constitutional cause, as it

leaves the whole of the country within fifty
miles of the capital free from the presence of
the rebels, and places them in a hopeless con-
dition as to future offensive operations.
They may make a stand at Santarem, and when
defeated there, may make another struggle at
Abrantes, and a final one at Elvas ; but here
will be the end of their course, for Spain is not
now open to them as it was during the rebellion
of Chaves. They can neither receive succours
from that country to carry on the rebellion, r.or
take refuge in it when all hopes of success have
disappeared. Even MIGUEL himself; and a
few of his followers, will be fortunate if they
obtain permission to enter the Spanish territory
as fugitives.

The accounts from Lisbon announce the
death of CANDID() DE XAVIER, the Chief
Minister of the Regency, and the appointment
of AGULAR as his successor. CANDIDO DE
XAVIER was an able man : but his reputa-

on for intrigue was much better established

than his character for patriotism. He had
played many parts in his life time, and was
once a warm supporter of the French in their
invasion of Portugal. Latterly he had avowed
himself an ultra Liberal, and was the confiden-

tial adviser of Don PEDRO ; but he was trusted
neither by the ultra-Liberals nor the moderate
Constitutionalists. His successor is a man of
considerable talents, and of moderate, although

determined opinions.
We are happy to find, by our private letters
from Lisbon, and the decrees in the official

paper, that the REGENT is acting up to the
pledges which he has made, of governing by
Constitutional means. Among other things he
has abolished the privilege possessed by certain
great houses in Portugal, of appointing the
judges in law-suits respecting themselves, a pri-
vilege which was considered sacred by the late
Government.

The report of the Committee of the House of
Commons, appointed last Session, to inquire
into the state of the British Channel Fisheries,
will be found in another column, and a most
interesting and important document it is. It is
strongly tinged with the Conservative principles
of the Chairman, Mr. HALCOMB, at whose
instance the Committee was named, but it is
the facts it has brought together more than the
opinions it promulgates, that we wish to recom-
mend to the consideration of our readers. The
complaint is, that the fisheries of the Channel are
not so profitable as they used to be, and they Corn-

mittee attribute the fact to three main causes—the
interference and aggressions of the French fisher-
men on the coasts of Kent and Sussex, the large
quantity of foreign-caught fish illegally imported
and sold in the London market, and the great
decrease and comparative scarcity of fish in the
Channel. Before adverting to the other two
reasons, we will say a word upon the second.
The quantity of foreign-caught fish brought
into Billingsgate market, including turbot and
other legally importable fish, is estimated to be
one-third of the supply, and the Report says,
that if that third were excluded, our own fisher-
men would be able to supply it without an
increase of price. that be true, why do they
not bring in the supply now, and undersell the
fish caught thirty or forty miles, perhaps, further
off, and caught by fishermen placed under
the disadvantage of being obliged to carry a
certain number of men, whether they want
them or not ? We are for admitting food as
freely as possible, whether it comes from the sea

or the land—whether it comes from the other
side of the Atlantic, or the other side of the
Channel. Nothing can be urged, however
plausible in appearance, in favour of excluding
food from a country like England, which must
not of necessity be a fallacy. The object to be
attained by the assemblage of men in societies
is, that the greatest possible number may be
enabled to live in ease and comfort. The object
is not, that the greatest possible number of
fishermen, or the greatest possible number of
ploughmen should be enabled to catch fish, or
grow corn, but that the,greatest possible number
of men should eat fish and corn. If it could be
made the order of nature that every man, on
getting up in the morning, should find a couple
of soles and a loaf of bread by his side, no man
who wished to be kept out of Bedlam would
oppose it, on account of its knocking up the
trade of the fisherman, of the baker, and the

farmer, and obliging those several parties to
provide themselves with raiment and lodging in
a manner different from that to which they had
been accustomed. Now, although we cannot
have fish and bread for nothing, yet we may have
it by giving for them the produce of our labour.
The question is, whether the thousands of

industrious poor, who are supplied during the
mackarel, herring, and sprat seasons, with deli-
cious dinners for a few pence, shall go without
them, pay double the present price, or take ad-
vantage of the abundance and cheapness pro-
duced by the circumstance of fish caught on the
coasts of France and Holland being brought to
our markets, as well as that which happens to
swim on our own particular shore:). ? There can
be no doubt of the answer which Mr. HA LCONIR
will receive from common sense.

On the other hand, the remaining two grounds
of complaint urged by the Committee ought, in
our opinion, to receive the serious attention of
his Majesty's Government. English fishing
vessels are not permitted to fish within a certain
distance of the French coast. It is not to be
borne, therefore, that French fishermen should
be allowed to fish at a less distance from our
coasts, particularly if they ever commit the base
outrages laid to their charge by some of the
witnesses, of cutting tke nets of the English
fishermen. But neither the encroachments of
foreigners on our shores, nor the importation of
foreign caught fish, accounts for the distress
which, no doubt, exists among the British
Channel fishermen, for that distress is as much
complained of on the coasts of Ireland, where
the fishermen are not exposed to foreign com-
petition. Fishermen have, like other people,
felt the consequences of the decline in the money
value of all articles since the peace, and have, it
appears, besides, had to contend with a great
decrease in the quantity of fish in the Channel.
We believe this to be the true source of their
misfortunes ; but the evidence given before the
Committee shows that the decrease of fish has
been occasioned by their fishing either with
Improper nets, or at improper seasons of the
year. Such being the facts of the case, it would
seem that all it is necessary to do is to preserve
to them their own fishing grounds, and to pass
an Act, empowering local authorities to fix the
time according to circumstances, when and how
certain species of fishing shall commence. We
trust, that whoever takes the matter up will do
so in an enlarged spirit, with a view to frame
some general code for the regulation of the
fisheries, that will prevent the necessity of legis-
lating separately for every fishing hamlet which
shall find itself in a state of distress.

M. DE PRATI informs us that his friend
P. BUONARROTI has been released from prison
by the French Government ; and he therefore
begs us to state, that all who have forwarded
subscriptions for his relief, will apply to have
them returned. We are glad to hear, from
several correspondents, that had not Louis
PHILIP taken the wise and humane course he
has done, ample subscriptions would have been
raised for M. BUONARROTI'S defence.

We have received the Paris Papers of Sun-
day, and a letter from our correspondent of the
same date. General SAARSFIELD had been
ordered to proceed to the Basque provinces with
four regiments of infantry, some cavalry, and
six pieces of cannon. He was expected at
Burgos on the 22d inst., and was to attack
the insurgents with vigour after having formed a
junction with the corps under the command of

eneral WALL. The Memorial Bordelais of
e 24th states that the force of SA ARsFIELD,
who has been appointed Viceroy of Navarre,
amounted to 8,000 men, with which he was to
occupy Vittoria. Some of the Paris papers
contain a copy of the Spanish REGENT'S decree
ordering the sequestration of the revenues of
Don CARLOS. The decree does not state any
particular grounds for such a decision. It merely
says that
" a series of facts fully proved and
more than decisive," have made it appear beyond
all doubt that Don CARLOS had taken the re-
solution of usurping the throne of Donna
ISABELL A, and as such a proceeding on his