The Sun.
London, England, 1833-11-15 00:00:00

A CHRISTMAS PRESENT.

Edinburgh : W. H. 1.. z., ; Stifling and Kenney.
London; Longman and C. Dublin : W. Curry, .Nn.
and Co.

This day u,s pohlished, in three vols. small Bvo.

DELAWARE; or THE RUINED
FAMILY. A Tale.

" This is a well written and into resting novel."—
Edinburgh Observer.
" We have perused this novel with much satisfaction,
and we cannot close these remarks without txpr,ssine
our sincere wish that the author may follow up so sue
cessful an entree into the province of fiction, with many
other as happy specimens of his talents as la,,liware,' or
the Ruined Fatuily.' "—Scotsman.

Printed for R. Cada, Edinburgh; and Whittaker and
Co., London,

Who have lately published,
I. SIR WALTER SCOTT'S POETRY. New &Il-
ion. Vol. 1. to 7.

IL WAVERLEY NOVELS. New Edition. Com-
plete in 4s vols.

111. CAPTAIN BASIL HALL'S FRAGMENTS of
VOYAGES and TRAVELS. Third and Conciuding
Suits. 3 vols. Plates.

IV. STUART'S NORTH AMERICA. Third Edi-
tion. 2 viols.

- -
V. AIRS. DALGAIRNS' COOKERY. A New
Edition.

VI, THE COOK'S ORACLE. A New Edition.
VII. SIR WALTER SCOTT'S TALES OF A
GRANDFATHER. Ist, 2d, 3d, and 4th Serirs. 11,01.
bound.

VIII. CONTINUATION OF WAVERLEY NO-
VELS. In Svo, 12inti, and 18ino, to suit former Editiwis
in thew

A Mr.,Hawkins, who officiated, addressed the
few gentlemen who were present, by observing that
the railway was not in a sufficient state to try any
experiments then, and he hoped no gentleman had
come there under that impression ; if so, his money
should be returned. What he contemplated on the
present occasion was, to explain the principles ,on
which Mr. Saxton's invention was founded, and to
elucidate the same by models. This invention was
calculated to propel a carriage at the rate of one
mile in two minutes; the railway before them, wten
completed, whould be a quarter of a mile in length,
which distance and back, being half a mile, he anti-
cipated performing in one minute. Ultimately he
considered the distance from London to York might
be performed in about six hours, and he did not
despair of achieving, in the same way, a journey
from the metropolis to Edinburgh in the spare of
one open day. The present invention was a
new application of leverage, and one which
was rather difficult to be understood, un-
less put in operation. Many able engineers had
fiund a dfficelty in comprehending the principle;
hut he would use his best. endeavours to make
himself clearly understood, and should feel happy in
ans, ering any question put to him. It consisted of
having ropes, one mile in length, extending along the
railway, and by means of Mr. Saxton's differential
pulley, it was calculated that, with the power of one
horse, a carriage containing passengers to the weight
of about one ton, could be propelled at the rate
already stated of 30 miles an hour. It would require
one horse to each mile, but whilst the carriage pro•
seeded at the rate of 30 miles, the horse would only
perform a distance of 150 yards; at the end of each
mile fresh ropes were applied to the carriage, a
fresh horse worked the second pulley, and thus it
proceeded on the journey, a person being stationed
at the end of each mile to effect the change of gear-
age. By these means it was asserted the greatest
acclivity might be ascended, and the experimental
railway would be so formed as to show its effect in
this particul4r, part of it being on the same scale
of declivity as Shooter's-hill, or one foot in ten.
He next proceeded to show, by means of
diagrams and models, the mode in which the
propeilieg force was acquired by the newly-invented
pulley, and ;hen proceeded to state that it 'was
not his intention to run heavy carriages on the rail-
way. One ton, he thought, would be found quite
sufficient, because, when they could send ton after
ton at the rate of 30 miles an hour, and without aiiy
delay between, carrying great weights was unneces-
sary. On the present plan of locomotive engines,
it was indispensable that they should be formed to
carry heavy weights, because the locomotive engine
generally weighed ten tons; and that great weight,
being in a state of agitation, wore out and damaged
the road infinitely more than all the traffic that
passed over. It was found also that one locomotive
engine required three times as much fuel as a sta-
tionary engine of the same power. It was his inter
tion to use horses, because o'te-horse power would
be fully sufficient for his purpose; and it was found
that there was no saving in using engines under
six-horse power, it being as cheap to keep six horses
as to work a six-horse engine. There would, in
this way, be a great saving in the expense of the
power; there would also be a great saving in the
construction of the railway. At present a yard of
railway weighs 501 b.; his would weigh less than
half. At present hills are cut down, and valleys
raised to make a railway; by the proposed plan
this would be unnecessary.
Mr. Hawkins, having concluded his lecture, an-
swered several inquiries made of him by gentlemen
present in the most satisfactory manner, and re-
ceived their best wishes for his success. In the
course of the conversation he mentioned that the
manufacturer who had made the rails for the Com-
pany was now executing an order from America fur
1,000 miles of railway.

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, NOV. 13.
We have had a fair demand fur cotton this day ; the sales
are 2 500 bags, at 9tl to 10d. for Maranhams, Bd. to 81d.
for Bahi-ts, I Oil for Pernams, and Bd. to Bii for Boweds.
PENANCE.—On Monday, the 21st ult., two
children, one ten, the other eiizlit years old, were sent from
Newcastle to Rathkeale, tta do penance for going into a
Protes.ant Church to witness a funeral service performed.
The unfortunate children would have actually perished
on their return, the night being so extremely boisterous
and wet, were it not that they were met by some bone •
volent persons, who gave them refreshment and brotiAlit
theta home.—Limerick Herald.

On Thursday last, five gude wives, residing
in Goodwin-street, Derby, presented their gude Irusb.nds
with bairns, one of the tive heing favoured with twins.
There were thus six b•rths in one small street in the same
d ry. The mothers and babes, to the great joy of hus-
bands and sires, are all doing well.—D.:rby Reporter.
The new novel of Trevelyan' appears to be
the great favourite of the season. The story is as original
and peculiar as that of the authoress's former work, A
31arriage in High Life ;' alid the interest, as in the first
tale, is connected with that all-important subject—wedded
life. The principal characters are a young guardian and
his ward, whose happiness and good name are wrecked by
the selfish prriligacy of two libertines. Scarcely any thing
can exceed in overpowering interest the scenes by which
tine sibgular catastrophe is brought about."—Morning
Poste

ARE THE PLANETS OP OUR SYSTEM IN-
nAMTED ?--The analogies which display a family likeness
thruugheut all the system of the universe, will perhaps
he more easily comprehended, if we advert for a moment
to the other planets of our own system which are more
immediately te i:Lin tho •phere of our own unservation.
Mercury and Venus both have atmospheres, much loaded
with clouds, which are manifestly a provision serving to
mitigate the intense heat and Blare of the sun. We shall
presently see the intimate caunection which subsists, not
(.1)1y between the vegetation of our earth but also the sub •
sistenee of animal life, the transmission of sound and light,
nay, all the arts that tend to civilise society, and the
existence of the atmosphere which we possess.
Wherever atmosphere is found encircling a sphere, and
supporting upon it clouds of vapour, we may infer that
op -n such spheres there are water and dry land, vsgita-
tion, animal life, intelligent beings, and civilisation. This
inference becomes the more inevitab!e when we find that
according to the best observations, both these planets have
their day and night, of nearly the same length as our own.
In Mars, the outlines of continents and seas have been die-
coveted with perfect distinctness; it has also its atmos-
phere and clouds, and brilliant white spots as its poly's,
which are supposed with a greet deal of probability to be
snow. The general fiery aspect of its appearance is con-
jectured to arise from an ochery tine in the
soil, not
unlike our red sandstone districts. Its day and night
cliff•rs I,bui ours by little mute than half an hour. These
are ad analogies to earth, which render the idea of those
three planets bring mere blanks in the solar system alto-
gether inconsistent with what we actually know of the
',ecunclity which teems with life, wherever air, water,
beat and light are combined.... Quarterly Review.

The LORD MAYOR said the offence, instead of
being swindling, as Mr. Howard designated it,
was a complete act of robbery, and desired, if any
of the parties could be recognised, that they should
be at once apprehended, without the ceremony of
a warrant.
Mr. Hobler informed the Lord Mayor that for-
merly depredations of a similar description were
committed by a gang of thieves who pretended that
they resided at Old Slaughter's Coffee-house, and
were in the habit of leaving the shop-keepers' ser-
vents at the door while they made off themselves to
sell the goods.
The LORD MAYOR advised Mr. Howard to paste
a Caution upon the walls of the passage to the cham-
bers, notifying to the public the danger of incrusting
property to persons who were ready to receive it in
that public place, and his Lordship said he had no
doubt that the newspapers would make the caution
general.
EMIGRATION TO THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.—
Mr. Booker, one of the officers of the parish of
Bishopsgare, stated to the Lord Mayor that a meet-
ing of the parishioners of B;shopsgate had taken
place that morning upon the subject of the propo-
sition of the Society for the Suppression of Juvenile
Vagrancy to give employment to unprotected and
destitute children at the- Cape of Good Hope,
upon the payment of 101. per head to the Society.
Dr. Russell, the rector, had officiated in the Chair,
and resolutions had been unanimously passed
declaratory of the hearty concurrence of the inhabi-
tants in the views of the Society, and their determi-
nation to favour so humane a project by all the
means in their power. Mr. Booker's present appli-
cation to the Lord Mayor was, that his Lordship
would order some lads who were now in the Comp-
ter, and who had no occupation or chance of pro-
curing employment, to be discharged from custody,
in order that they might join 'he ship soon about to
sail for the Cape of Good Hope, to which colony
they had with alacrity consented to go.
The LORD MAYOR—Who are to protect them
when they reach that destination ?

Mr. Booker replied tha. the Governor of the Cape
of Good Hope was himself one of the committee,
which consisted of gentlemen of the very highest
character for humanity and disinterestedness.
The LORD MAYOR said he must have some com-
munication from his Majesty's Government before
he could think of consenting to give his sanction to
a project which, under the authority of persons of
different characters and feelings, might be made a
means of exercising the most mischievous abuse.
He, however, stated that he should wait upon Lord
Melbourne on the subject.

Mrs. Wiltshire, the wife of one of the city offi-
cers, was summoned before the LORD NIAYOR by a
very rough-looking foreign Jew, named Adolph
Joshua Bolchard, for having pinched his nose and
other parts of his face, in performing which opera-
tion she was aided and assisted by her daughter.
The Jew stated, in broken English, that he
lodged in the house of the defendant, and that clean
sheets had not been put upon his bed for a long
time, contrary to agreement. He took the liberty
to expostulate with his landlady, who instantly
" flared up," called him a thief, and poured a volley
of oaths [you turn, caught him by the flesh of the
face, wiring it, knocked him down, double him,
and, with her daughter's aid, shoved him completely
our of his room, and finally out of the house.
The LORD MAYOR was evidently surprised at
hearing that such execution had been done by a
small delicate female upon so rough a customer,
and asked the former to explain the transaction.
Mrs. Wiltshire said that the Jean was a person of
such disagreeable habits, arid so often required clean
sheets, that she had been endeavouring to get rid
of him for a considerable time. He at length be-
came so insulting and offensive in other respects that
she told him to pack up his goods and go off In-
stead of taking proper notice of this direction, he
began to show a taste of his quality by seizing her
arm in his teeth, and afterwards endeavouring to
try the force of his jaws to separate one of the
fingers from her hand. He concluded the attack
upon her by spitting in her eye; and she, finding
that resistance was so necessary, called to her daugh-
ter arid defended herself as well as she could.

The defendant exhibited her arm and finger, and
declared that she ought to have summoned the
complainant for such unmanly trearment.
The LORD MAYOR said that the Jew perceived
by the les,on thus given to him that English ladies
didn't like biting, and he would probably be in-
duced, when he next made an attack upon the sex,
not to do it with his teeth.
MARLBOROUGH STREET.

George Burley and Thomas Boyle, the two po-
lice constables charged a few days since with steal-
ing brass locks ana ortiameti's off the doors of the
British Hotel, were yesterday brought up for re-
examination, and folly commi ted for trial.
Five female paupers, all tinder the age of eighteen,
were cha.ged with being disordeny, and refusing
to work, in the parish workhouse of St. George,
H.oiover-square.

The charge against three was that they had flung
the horsehair about instead of picking it.
This was proved by a decrepid, deformed male
inmate of the house, who appeared to have had his
dignity much hurt by the contempt with which they
had treated his orders. " / our Worship," said he,
they picked the horsehair in a most ?indecent man

ner, and actually said they didn't cure fur me nur
nobody."

Tt►e charge against the other two was about as
clearly proved by an old beldame bearing some ana.
logy to a nurse. She said that when they went tip
to bed they were riotous.
Mr. CHAMBERS—How do you men riotous
Witness—Wt►y, they clawed one ano►her all to
pieces!

Mr. CHAMBERS—Who did ? Witness—Why
they all did.

In answer to other questions it appeared that they
were making a considerable riot, and pulling one
another about in sport.
The mirror, spoke to their general bad conduct.
Mr. CHAMBERS thought the case hail been mcwe
out for neglecting and damaging the work, andsen
the three to hard labour for twenty-one days each.
The other two he discharged, considering that gills

The defendants were ordered to find bail, for
want of which they were locked up.
John Roberts alias Cherry, a middle-aged man of
respectable appearance, was brought before Mr.
LAING for re-examination, charged by Mr. Charles
Benjimin Harding, paper-manufacturer, of Bedford-
street, Bedford-row, Holborn, with having obtained
goods under false pretences to the amount of 461.
Mr. LAING—Have you any fresh charges against
the pisonc-r ? Mr. Harding—Unfortunately not
any that can be substantiated, your Worship. I can
identify no less than seven of the prisoner's gang
who have been for years swindling the public
through bill transactions, and they have injured me
to the amount of several hundred pounds.
A tradesman in the oil business, residing in
Blaekfriars-road, identified the prisoner, who in
1832 took a house in Drury-lane in the iron-
mongery line, when he obtained goods from him
and several other persons to a considerable amount,
and then quitted the premises clandestinely, after
having been there hit a very short time. He then
used the name of Cherry, of Cheshunt, and over
the shop he had the names of "Roberts and Jones"
Mr. Harding thought the circumstance of the
prisoner having placed the false name of " Cherry,
of Cheshunt," on the cart in which the goods were
removed might be construed into a sufficient false
pretence for prosecution.

Mr. LAING said it was not; and regretted that
other charges could not be braught against him, as
he was a dangerous fellow.

Several persons who had been duped tinder simi-
lar circumstances, said it was a great pi y that he
should escape so easily. Here a porter to a carpet
manufacturer stated that the prisoner made a large
order of his master in the name of Cherry, and di-
rected 'hem to be sent to the Greyhound, Smi h-
field, where a young man, who represented himself
as Mr. Cherry's son, received the goods, and, treated
him to some ale. The value of the goods was 1001.
Mr. Harding said that there was some prospect of
tracing " Mr. Cherry, jun.," who should most cer-
tainly be indicted with the prisoner and some of his
associates.

The office was crowded with persons who had
been imposed upon by the prisoner and his gang,
but so ingeniously that they became debt transactions.
Mr. LAING said the prisoner was now discharged,
but he was indictable for conspiracy.
The prisoner then quitted the bar, and was fol-
lowed by a personage whose tout ensemble indicated
him to be of the pettyfog fraternity, and he took
partial notes of the proceedings.

EXTRAORDINARY WAGER.--:On Tuesday
ast an extraordinary hut very abut d feat was performed
at the Swan, Clever, between two cripples of that village.
It appears that a jealousy has been fur some time past
existing between these worthies as to their respective
strength, and as they could mower only two sound legs
between them, they, after much delib,-ration, came to the
novel determination of deciding which was th.- hest man
by which could stand the longest upon their sound "pm,"
without resting. Both parties accordingly met at the
above place at one o'clock, and put themselves in the duck
like posture rig,eed upon, and in that position they re-
mained till half-past nine, arben the loser fainted away,—.
Berkshire Chronicle.

WIRE SOLED SIIOES.—Some time ago,
Mr. Alexander Buchanan made a pair of shoes, and sent
them as a present to our representative, Sir John Max-
well. They contain upwards of 30,000 wire springs in
in the soles, which consist of 22 ply of silk leather, &c.
They are very neat withal!. Sr John, waiting an op-
portunity to make a suitable return, did not immediately
eeknowledve the receipt of them, but learning that the
maker positively refused any recompen-e, he on Wednes-
day sent hiin a very polite letter of thanks. Sir John
sap: he has worn the shoes, and will continue to wear
them, and has no doubt they will be Lund among his
relics.—Paisley Advt. r'aer.

IMPERIAL BRAZILIAN MINING Assoc'.
ATION. —The half-yearly general meeting of the proprietors
of the Brazilian Mining Comp my was held yesterday at the
London Tavern ; Timothy Walker, Esq., in the chair.
A report was presented containing a communication from
Colonel Skerrett, the agent at Gingo Seco, stating that
the works were in very good condition, and the neeroes
and free labourers employed thereon were healthy and the
former were daily improving in moral habits. The Di-
rectors regretted that the Chamber of Representatives had
not yet come to any dettrmination upon the proposed
reduction of the duty on gold, although strongly recom-
mended to do so by the Provincial Assembly cf Minas
Ge, exes. The long-disputed point, however, of the right
of the Association to three-fifths of the Sorocco Water had
been decided in their blow.. The produce of gold for the
half year ending in Junelastovas 1,12311 m. 11 os. 14 dwts.
12 grs., being smaller than any other half year since
1828. There was a flattering prospect of a pro+.
rrous current half -year, as in the first seven wreks
1'6171115. of gold had hecn paluced. plan of giving
medals to the most industrious slaves had perfec ly suc-
ceeded, and excited them to emulate each other in in-
dustry and good conduct. The annual number of deaths
had been rapidly ~ecreasing since 1827. The people at
Giogo Suco employed and living on the Company's mines
were as follow:-186 Europeans; 210 native labourers;
195 riegroes ; 129 negresees, and 80 etiildr.n, making in
al 800 persons. The receipts from January, 1883, to
June last, amounted to 87,7361. 101., and the expoodi
tore had left a balance of 17,6701. 12s. Id. in band,of
which the Directors proposed to divide 5.0001. aw"ngst
poundli
cining
dun
during
s dh c
hi declared.
t eu
es shareholders, 81,
2cal i
it addf,r 5t tes l.
expensesto th
oßfefosteuir,tev,
del,,
rFund,ueeonut
e
half-year. A dividenitioinfnlgOinsg. in the
jamE
Jr
large
absoh utt,
el:i en
AN EXTRAORDINARY TREE.—About
theta
t::(:nlrOnelkoifnwin d (Itihtlartni;rtgeh:(!afiieS(dodat,u:rat,,lhadyaa:l3.,istry
was
Johnston, the Alva plantations,
measurement, to conrain no fewer that. 912 cubic feet of
of this dignitary of
timber. From the slanting position on which it st..oit
was blown down by its fury. Such was the colossal size
on
th_ hill side, its circumference at to e oast. was to, f;-„t...
than 29 Beet. T. eat., -sevr n 1. e'. of the t, otik 11, d•ui ed
330 ; and one atria, .1 51 fret to letigt.
273 feet ; and anutt er branch, 25 feet in length,
gave 100
feet; the remaining 109 feet were produced nom the
ocher branches.

PORT WILLIA'Af, ON THE COAST OF

YORKSHIRE.

On the important line of coast between Leith
Roads and the Humber, comprising a length of
about sixty leagues, there is no harbour possessing
sufficient depth at low water to receive a small
merchant vessel, and even at high water, during
those gales on the eastern coast, when shelter is
most required, its present harbours cannot be safely
entered. This glaring &feet produces immease
losses both of life and property, and impcses an
additional burden on the shipping interest by the
consequent high rates of insurance arising from the
chance of accidents being increased, and the vessels
built for the shallow tidal ports of this coast being
less able to keep the sea in bad weather.
The friends of the important measure of forming
Port Wiliam (projected by Mr. W. A. Brooks,
Civil B,gineer to the Tees Navigation Company)
have submitted the plan to the consideration of an
enlightened public, for assistance to carry it into

execution, and notices have been given th;t an Act

of Parliament may be obtained during the ensuing

Session.

Considered as a mere commercial undertaking,
the measure would be well worth the attention of
the capitalist; but it is on the more noble and solid
basie of national utility that they are proud to rest
their appeal.
Port William will be constructed at Redcar, on
the south side of the Tees Bay. The north and
south sides of the harbour are proposed to be
formed by building piers 30 feet broad on the top,
upon the parallel ranges of half-tide rocks called the
Salt and East Scars, which, at the distance apart of
2,500 feet, stretch boldly into the sea, in a direction
which no engineer could have improved, had the de-
sign been subject to his arrangement. To fact, a
harbour to be brought into a similar state of for-
wardness by the hands of man, would require an
expenditure of at least 1,000,000/. sterling.
The northern pier will be 12,24 feet in length,
about two miles and a half, and the southern will be
43,300 feet, surpassing in beauty any thing of the
kind yet completed in this or any other country.
The area enclosed will be 435 acres, with a depth at
low water of 30 feet, and the anchorage of the best
description, being a soft blue clay.
Port William is capable of being brought into
use within two years from its commencement, and
without the necessity of imposing a heavy burden
upon the coasting trade, which will reap such great
benefits from the construction of the harbour, as a
fair return for the capital required to complete it
may be obtained by a duty on toll of only one half-
penny per ton upon all vessels passing the lights of
the port, and by harbour dues upon shipping en-
tering the same for the purposes of refuge or com •
/Tierce. Toe revenue from the latter source is likely
to he of great amount in the harbour being made use
of as a southern outlet fur the greatly increasing
trade of the Tees (by a communication with that
river at Cargo Fleet), opposite the termination of
the Clarence, and Srockion, and Darlington Rail-
ways, by mean.: of a ship canal of 20 feet in depih,
and six miles in length, likewise projected by Mr.W.
A. Brooks, civil engineer, and recommended by him
to the Tees Navigation Company for their adoption,
in lieu of continuing their improvements of the
channel of the river through the estuary. The
proposed ship canal will thus be made to form a
magnificent inner harbour, or wet dock, for the re-
ception of the largest class of merchant vessels, and
will be, from the immense quantity of available
backwater which it will contain, viz., 1,500,000 tons,
an ample guarantee for the maintenance of the deep
water within Port William.
It is important to notice that the Redcar rocks
are in their present state a source of considerable
alarm in bad weather to ships on that coast, be-
cause they project far into the sea, and are sur-
rounded by deep water. The construction of a
light-house to point out the situation, has been re-
peatedly proposed, the tax of such an establish-
ment on the coasting trade would not have been
less than one farthing per ton, but that useful ac-
quisition will be gained in the harbour lights of
Port William, which will be so placed as to insure
the double purpose of warning vessels off a dan-
gerous coast, and of serving to guide them into the
harbour. The lights will now enable vessels bound
to the southward, during south and south-westerly
gales, to keep the land aboard with safety, in order
to avail themselves of the smooth water, without
the risk of being caught upon a lee shore, if the
wind gets round to the eastward, as Port William,
from its situation in the Tees hay, could always be
run for with the certainty of finding refuge within
it. Vessels driven by southerly gales past their
respective ports will find secure anchorage in Port
William, and in the bay to the southward of
under the shelter of Huntcliff, instead of being com-
pelled, its at present on these occasions, to run for
Leith Roads.
The principal design for the imposition of har-
bour dues on vessels entering for refuge, or under
pretence thereof, is to prevent the harbour being
unnecessarily entered by vessels to the injury of
their owners by detention, as well as the incum-
brance of the part, thereby diminishing its means of
accommodation for the large fleets of vessels which
are subject to the dangers before mentioned.
On the 11th October, 1821, a gale commenced
from the E.S.E., which afterwards got round to the
E.N.E. ; the result was, that 113 sail of vessels
were wrecked or driven ashore between Scarborough
and the Tyne, of which number 37 went ashore
in the Tees Bay. Had Port 'William then been
formed, the whole of that large fleet would easily
have found refuge within it. It cannot be disputed
that the profits of the shipowner depend on the
'number of voyages made during the year, or on the
active circulation of his capital, and it may be
safely assumed that the formation of such a harbour
as that proposed to be made at Redcar, possessing
every advantage of depth of water, position, arid
entrance when required, will give increased confi-
dence to our merchantmen, and enable them to put
to sea, and make voyages, at times and seasons
when, during the present dangerous state of this
long line of coast, they are compelled to remain
inactive in harbour. The same defective state of
the coast, and the fear of being embayed, and driven
upon a dangerous lee-shore during easterly gales,
causes masters of vessels to run for the present
inferior tidal harbours at high water, and thus to
impose on the shipowner harbour dues arid other
expenses and losses by detention, which would pro-
bably have been avoided could they have kept the
sea a few hours longer. The position of Port Wil-
liam is, however, such, that it need not be run for
until all chance of being able to keep at sea is gone,
when certain safety will be found there at all times
of tide.
The expense of insurance which now presses so
heavily on the shipping interest of the eastern coast,
must, by the establishment of Port William, undergo
a considerable reduction, as so large a portion of the
coast will thereby lose its former dangerous cha-
racter.
The convenient position of the harbour also be-
tween the Thames and the Firth of Forth, will ren-
der it advantageous for our coasting steam-vessels
to touch there to take in coals, which they can do
without the delay and risk attending the entrance
of a mere tidal harbour ; and by being thus enabled
to calculate with certainty on a supply of fuel in the
midst of their voyage, those vessels will be able to
devote more of their tonnage to the carriage of good:,
arid thus become more profitable to their owners.
The peculiar advantageous situation of Pnrt Wil-
liam for vessels in the Baltic trade is so evident as
scarcely to require pointing out, while its great
superficial extent and depth will enable it largely
to partake of the great benefits likely to be realized
by the opening of the East India trade.
In time of war, Port William may become an im-
portant naval station,
as it will be capable of re-
ceiving thirty sail of the line, and steam-
vessels of
war might be supplied therefrom with fuel.
It will also be found convenient as a rendezvous
for such of our merchantmen as may require convoy

to the Baltic or coastwise, as it msy te reached in a
sinele tide by vessels leaving the adjacentlairbours.
Docks for our first-rate men of war might be
constructed at Port William for less than one-fourth
of the usual expense of such works at other places,
and without the possibility of such failures which
sometimes attend their construction. The cham-
bers of the docks would have to be quarried out of
the half tide scar rocks to nine feet or so only below
the level of low water to enable them to receive a
line-of-battle ship, the ordinary rise of spring tides
exceeding 16 feet. The abundance of coal and iron
in its neighbourhood would facilitate the establish-
ment of a cannon and anchor foundry to supply
those articles at 30 per cent. cheaper than at other
plrees. The sand hills among the marsh shores
could be converted into an excellent artillery ground;
and (here is abundance of fine spring water for the
supply of shipping. These are the principal deside-
rata in a naval station, the rest of the works, such
as rope-walks, mast and boat houses, store-houses,
and such other component parts of naval arsenal,
would all follow in their usual order.

••----
As a naval station, in the event of a future war,
the benefits of Port William to the nation at large
will be incalculable. Instead of being exposed in
the open anchorage of Hollesley Bay, the common
rendezvous of our North Sea Fleet iu former days,
when continued gales of wind prevented any com-
munication with the shore, and were accompanied
by all the usual disasters affecting the whole econo-
my of our men-of-war, in the projected asylum har-
bour Redcar they would he in ample security,
and be enabled to put to sea and return to the 11,r-
boor with the utmost facility.
The following additional particulars relative to
Port William have appeared in the Nautical Ma-
gazine, and to the powerful support and pub-
licity patriotically yielded by the London rind pro-
vincial press, a project only developed this year,
appears likely soon to be realized ;
" Poar WILLIAM AT REDCAR..—We have received the
prospectus for the formation of this harbour, to which we
have alluded in several former numbers. If further
evidence were required of how much such a harbour is
wanted, in the exact position in which it is intended to
construct Port William, the late gales have furnished it
too fully. We find by the prospectus, that a meeting, at
which the Hon. Admiral Fleeming presided, was held in
Manchester-buildings, on the Ist of June, when, besides
others, a letter from Admiral Nugent (Admiral of the
Fleet), expressing his high opinion of the proposed har-
bour, was read, a Committee of Noblemen and Gentlemen
was also formed, and several resolutions relating to the
formation of a company, to carry the plan into execution,
were agreed on. We find also that a second meeting has
taken place at Stockton. Annexed to the report we find
some extracts from Lloyd's list of wrecks that have occurred
at various periods on the coast near Redcar. We must
not allow ourselves to particularize any from this lengthened
list, but strongly recommend it to the attention of our
readers who are interested in this important measure.
Suffice it to say, that had Port William been in existence,
there can be no doubt that the greater part of them would
have been saved.

" It is with feelings of pride and satisfactin that we
al .o find, by the copy of a letter which we have also
received, that his Maji.sty has graciously condescended to
sanction the proposed undertaking by granting the petition
of the sixth resolution of the meeting, to the following
effect :

" That in consideration of the magnitude and import-
ance of the harbour which it is proposed shall be formed
at Redcar, permission be asked of his Majesty to name it
Port William, in commemoration of the reign of our most
gracious Sovereign.'
" His Majesty's most gracious reply was conveyed in
the following batter from General Sir Herbert Taylor:—
" ' Windsor Castle, Aug. 26, 1833.

" Sir,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 24th instant, which I have had the honour to
submit to the King with the accompanying volume, and
have received his Majesty's commands to communicate to
you his acquiescence in the wish of the Committee of
Management, that the harbour proposed to be formed at
Redcar shall receive the name of Port William.—l have
the honour to be, Sir, your obedient humble servant,
" ' W. Hedger, Esq. H. TAYLOR.'
" We have little doubt, therefore, considering the high
approbation which this intended work has received, that
we shall soon be enabled to congratulate the country at
large on its execution ; our own efforts in its behalf will
always afford us a pleasing retrospect. Doting the late
gales several instances were afforded where vessels, with
their unhappy crews, would have been saved from total
destruction, bad Port William been constructed. Many
are known to have foundered at sea, and many others,
there is reason to believe, perished unknown. Our tattle
of wrecks furnishes the following names of vessels that
might have been saved, could they Lave borne up before
the gale fur refuge in Port William :—The Alfred, of
Aberdeen, sailed from Shields on the 30th of August, and
in making for Whitby on the following evening, sunk,
when all on board perished. The Dorothy foundered off
Filey Bay on the 31st of August; the crew drowned.
The Mary and Isabella went on shore in Filey Bay on
the 31st; the crew drowned. The Juno, from Shields,
driven on shore in Filey Bay ; the crew happi,y saved.
The Trafalgar, of Newcastle, and the Trimmer, of
Whitby, driven on shore near that place. The Ann and
Susannah, driven on shore in Robin Hood's Bay. The
Lurk, from Sunderland, driven on Filey Sand ; besides
the .Easge, of Stockport, and the Lively's Increase.
These are glaring instances of the want of Port William;
and, unhappily, the number is too often repeated. Since,
then, such abundant proof is afforded of the want of a
harbour like Port William—since the immense advantages
it will secure to the country at large are so generally
acknowledged—and since it has received the sanction of
the highest authority in the realm, we look on the under-
taking as already half achieved, and its success as certain."