The Sun.
London, England, 1851-07-19 00:00:00

NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.

Ducks, 2s Od t_. 3s Od; Tame Rabbits, Is 2d to is 9d;
rig(ons' 5d to 9d; Roasting Pigs, Os Od to Os Od each;
Surrey Fowl 4, 65 Od to 9s Od ; Goslings, 6s Od to 7s Od
Barn-door Fov, Is, 3e, Od to 5s per couple; English Eggs, 5s
rd to 6s Od ; French ditto, 4s 6d to 5s 6d ; and Irish ditto,
Os Od to Os Od per 120; Fresh Butter, Os to Os Od per lb.
NEWPORT.

Beef, from 2s 8d to 3s 4d ; Mutton, 3s Od tc 3s 8d ; Lamb,
48 Od to 4s 10d; , 3. Od to 3s 6d; and Pork, 3s Od to
3s 6d per Sib&

VeTHITECIEAPEL.

Beef, from 2s 4d to 3s 2d ; Mutton, es 8d to 3s 8d ; Lamb,
3s 8d to 48 8d; Veal, 2s 8d to 3s 4d ; and Perk, 2s 8d to
3s 6d per Sibs.
BILLINGSGATZ.

Turbots, 4s Od to 9s Od ; Brill, 18 9u to 2s Gd ; Haddocks,
Os 6d to is Od each; Cod Fish, 3s Od to 6s 6d; Lobsters, 3d
to 2s Od ; and Crabs, 4d to 2s Od eaeh ; Soles, 6d to Is BLI
per pair; Flounders, 9d to Is 4d; Dried Haddocks,
Os 0(1 to Os Od ; Smelts, is Od to 2s Od per dozen ; Whitings
5s Od to 7s Od per 15 ; Eels, Os 4d to Os 10d ; Salmon,
8d to is Od per Ib ; Herrings, Os Od to 08 Od per 100 ;
Common Oysters, 4s Od to 5s Od per Lushel ; and Mackerel,
4tl to 6d each.
BREAD.

The prices of Wheaten Bread in the metropolis are from
6d to 614 d; of Household ditto, 41,,d to 5 4d per 41b loaf.
HIDE 111.8.1210 ET.
Market Hides, 561 b to 641 b, 14d to lid; ditto, 641 b to 721 b
lid to zd ; ditto, 721 b to 801 b, 2d to 24d ; ditto, 801 b to
881 b, lid to 3d; ditto, 881 b to 961 b, 3d to 34d; ditto, 961 b to
1041 b, Sid to Od; ditto, 1041 b to. 1121 b, 4d to Od. Calf
Skins, light, is Od to 3s Od; ditto, full, 5. Od to Os Od;
Horn Hides, 5s Od to Os; Polled Sheep, Os Od to Os Od;
Halt-breeds, Os Od to Os Od; Downs, Os Od to Os Od; Lamb
Skins 2s Od to 2s 8d; Shearlings, 1 'd to is Id.
HAY MAILKETS.
SMITHFIELD.—Meadow Hay, 31 5s to 41 Os Od; Clover
ditto, 3/ los to 41 12s; •anu Straw, 11 2s to 11 12s per load.
A full Average supply, and a sluggish demand.
CUMBERLAND.— Meadow Hay, al 5s to 4/ ,s; Clover
ditto, 31 +Os to 41 10s; and Straw, 1/ 2s to 1/ 12s per load.
Supply tolerably good, and trade firm.
WinutcnA.PNL.—Meadow Hay. 31 5s to 4/ 2s; Clover
ditto, 3/ sto 4/ 15s; and Straw, 11 Is to ll Ils per load.
Trade steady, at late rates
New Meadow Hay was selling at from 31 to 3112 s per load.

THE IRISH CENSUS.

A further inspection of tee Irish census suggests, in
addition to the onservaiion. previously made, sOme con-
siderations which cannot well fail to secure the notice of
those who take an interest in population returns, and
which at the same time ere not unimportant to the
general reader.
Leaving out of the calculation the myriads who have
recently emigrated from Ireland, and referring only to
the excessive mortality which is now the subject of arith-
metical demonstration, it is important to observe that
this great excess of deaths over births has tisk, n Place
in a country in which the generality of the population
were in that state of simple poverty which is favourable
to the iiicresae of nuteib,rs.
Dr. Price (writing in 1783) observes that " there is
reason to beiieve that poor countries . • • in.
crease faster than rich countries. The reason is ob-
vious. The gr. atest enemies of population are the arti-
ficial wants, the accumulation of property, end the
luxury and vices which ate the constant attendant
of opulence, and which prevent a regular and early
union of the sexes. The inhabitants of poor countries
are mote simple, more healthy, and more virtuous;
and, wanting little besides food, families are no
burden, and the prolific powers of nature have
free scope to display themselves." He ;Jahn says'
perhaps Ireland is one instance of this. If we may de,
pend on an acceutit in the' Philosophical Transactions
the number of people in Ireland in 1695 did not much ,
exceed 1,000,000. At present (1783) they are, I Sur
pose, about 2,000,000."
Although at the period when Dr. Price wrote there
was a great want of adequate data respecting the extent
of the Irish population, there were yet sufficient rage'
rials to justify the conclusion which he wished to establish,
viz., that poor countries, provided that the ground sup'
plied plenty of fond, and the poverty of the inliabl;
tants consisted only in their wanting conveniences and
clegancies, in other countries deemed necessaries, tu.
en:me faster than rich ones. Subsequent investigation
has shown that, at a point even below that con-
templated by this writer, the rate of increase
is very great—an observation which has been
fully justified by the increase in the Irish point
lation during the earlier decades of this ceetury
therefore follows that the sudden falling off in the pope'
lation of Ireland is a fact of greater value in computation
than the same fact would have been if it had talcs°
place in England, or in any country where there is
5
greater proportionate amount of the luxury resulting
from opulence.
The application of this doctrine to the figure!
given in the Irish census is worthy of notice. Ova'?:
ing in mind the very short time during which Ou-
causes have operated which have diminished the
population, it would be wrong to look for any "rid
gnat dimtnution in the relative numbers contaiee.
in families. It will, however, be found that the recent
calamity has already told on the size of families
which, from containing 5.5636 individuals in 1847,
are reduced in 1851 to 5.3983. To perceive the
amount of this difference it would be necessary
for a person to visit 100 families, when he would fie
them to contain 16 persons less than the same number
of families at the cotresponding period 10 years barb'
and this deficiency would become very striking it tuid
number visited were 1,000, in which case it iii°h
amount to 165, the fractions being left out in b°'

instances.
Of course it is not supposed that this difference in t:,
number of an Irish family is to be accounted for who"
by a diminution in the number of births; it will be fl
e''
scary, however, in assigning the causes of this re.
markable contraction of the faimily circle, to bac°
rwereuce to the particular cause which has been ill'
eicated. When more ample details shall be fri;
nished of the late census, and those details reduce'
tur scientific and other purposes, it will be desirable
to inquire why, in 1841, the population could be l'rd
certained by multiplying the families by 5 5634, Oft
in 1851 by reducing the multiplier to 5.3983. ~`„
will be observed, by looking at the numbers under tat
head of " families" at each of these periods, tb:
in 1841 we have 1,472,787, and in 1851 1,207,°,1
au that in passing from the number of families to Of
of persons we have now to deal with factors, both of
which are reduced. To obtain the proper *newer to
such at, inquiry we should have to bear in mind the re.
mailable law noticed by Dr. Price, and which should be
noticed in connexion with the facts presented by o'B :I
present census.
A person not acquainted with the melancholy bistl
of Ireland during the last ten years, and who should
rect., his attention to the population of the towns et t,,
beginning and the end of that interval, would uatureig
conclude that the decade had been one of great pros Pei
rity, us the towns now-present a remarkable increase,
numbers. Beginning with Drogheda, where the smallo
est addition has been made, the rate of increase has beed
3 per cent., and, passing to Limerick and Waterford'
where the increase is 14 per cent., then to nein
where it is 32, we come to Galway, where it is 43. 'Ol
the last case, the increase in the population is fro
17.275 to 24,697, an addition of 7,422, for which
parallel can be found in the natural increase of tosstl'26
These increased numbers, with the exception of Bella,.„'l
and perhaps of Dublin, represent not prosperity, ri3O
misery and destitution. The several columns conurd
the statements which were made during the seasons d
famine and pestilence, of the numbers that rushee
into the towns as the only means left them to es°ofrom death by starvation in the country. Belfast is eiri,t,
dently a happy exception to this statement, for it Wil'ao
seen that, while the rate of increase in the town has bello
32 per cent., the decrease iu the counties of Antr'io
and Down has not been more than 7. 6 per cent.
Antrim and 10.5 per cent. in Down. This is a strikt!
contrast to the case of the town of Galway, where, erb,r
the population has increased in the remarkable man%
already noticed, the county of Galway has lost its r',P,,;O
lation to the extent of more than 30 per cent., and C`6"
to the extent of 29.8.
Tho case of Dublin, both in the city and the 000
is somewhat peculiar. While the former has incresseo
at the rate of 9 per cent., it might be concluded thot
this increase has not been at the expense 0
the surrounding country, since the increase 'l,
the county has been at the rate of 10 per °list
There would, however, be a fallacy in the conclusion i"0,
this increase of numerical strength was indicative of Pro,.
sperity, either in the city or the neighbouring cet!de
This rate of increase is obviously unnatural, and 1°,,,,v
cative of disturbance in some other parts of the cone": 0.
This excess of increase in the metropolis of Ireland c 0
be readily accounted for, by considering that vr""be
county town is to its neighbourhood, Dublin is to
whole island. While the peasant could not make bin
'urther than the nearest town, the broken down fare' 4:
and, in some instances, that would be a "county faoilY:,o
could decamp to the metropolis, and find a reside ,
there or in its environs. Among the nom
bet
ti
in excesa of natural increase added to Dublin, 006'0
end city, will be found many who have abandoned tr
old family mansion for a lodging of very moderate Pr 0
tensions on the Quays, and their wide demesnes forte
small house and garden at Dundrum. If the col:01nel,,
returns of the Irish census should prove very soy
and muneg,blp, it may be possible to approximet°
the numbers of reduced gentry living in such positie,
in and around the metropolis of Ireland, but no eta,lsll
tics could present the amount of suffering to Whices
many of them have been, and, perhaps, still are r

dueed. 600
Connected with the decline of the Irish poPu'a. elf
there is one fact which would not have presented It d,
hnd a similar decline taker) place in numbers in Eng!' 0,
We refer to the diminution in the number of hOO2
which were—
In 1841..
1851..

... 1,384,360
... 1,115,007

269,353 ter
This number, which would have been much gre! eo
if the natural increase bad been allowed for, g11„-y
the numerical results of causes which do not to ~,1,
extent prevail in Great Britain—of evictions, ,'"n;
lowed, or in some cases preceded, by conflagrat'°;:t
of the simple process of pulling the mud cabin cl,be
of
after the tenant had left; and very generally 'be
result of abandoning the rude hut to the operation of tto
elements, by r. hich it would be restored to the grotto
from which its unbaked and undried materials bed 11
dug. The destruction of above 250,000 " houses." ,;:e•
as are included in this census, is not a fact of any c",e,
mercial interest, but it tells a tale of much significOlo
suggestive of some practical wisdom, which it toofip,
hoped the new race of Irish landlords will not fail to lea

or" w
CURE FOR WASP STINGS.—It iS a fact • BO
knowing at this season of the year, when wasps !1011,
troublesome with their stings, that no application will 5 a,
such instantaneous relief as a drop of " liquor potils-t it
(potash water); indeed its effects are so unfailing, ti4isig
may be termed a specific cure. It operates by neutrA" e,
the injected poison, which is undoubtedly of an acrid /33.4, 1
Families and persons who have the care of children, is'
well to have always at band a small quantity of this 0130 t
tion, which should be kept in a stoppered phial. It i.Oll 1/0
an expensive application; a quarter of an ounce Wld 50,
quite sufficient to order at once, and a single drop places 011
the wound, (which should be first slightly opened),
thaBELYAt is requi re
TJULY 17.—Wind N.—Arrd. Wood
Quebec. tild. Linn., Demerara.

BIRTHS.