The Sun.
London, England, 1833-07-01 00:00:00

REPORT of the FACTORY COMMISSION

The following extract from the above report,
presented to the House of Commons on Friday
night, will give the substance of the Commissioners'
recommended restrictions upon infant labour:—
" The restrictions we venture to propose with
regard to children are, that children under nine years
of age shall not be employed in mills or factories,
subject, however, to the considerations hereinafter
stated. That until the commencement of the four-
teenth year the hours of labour during any one day
shall not in any case exceed eight. That until the
commencement of the fourteenth year, children shall
not in any case be allowed to work at night—that
is to ssy, between the hours of ten at night and five
in the morning.
" The grounds on which we recommend the
above restrictions on hours of labour, to be limited
to the commencement of the fourteenth year are
—I. That at the age the period of childhood, pro-
perly so called, ceases, and that of puberty is esta-
blished, when the body becomes more capable of
enduring protracted labour. It appears in evidence,
from the statements and depositions of all classes of
witnesses, including the young persons themselves,
that the same labour which was fatiguing and ex-
hausting at an earlier period
is in general compara-
tively easy after the age in question. 2. That
from the comparative infrequency with which se-
rious and permanent disease appears to have been
produced when labour did not commence before the
ninth year, and was not immoderate, there is rea-
son to conclude that the restriction now suggested
will afford an adequate protection. 3. That, in
general, at or about the fourteenth year, young per-
sons ate no long:r treated as children : they are not
usually chastised by corporeal punishment, and, at
the same time, an important change takes place in
what may be termed their domestic condition. For
the most part they cease to be under the complete
control of their parents and guardians. They begin
to retain a part of their wages. They frequently
p3y for their own lodging, board, and clothing.
They usually make their own contracts, and are, in
the proper sense of the words, fre agents. For
all the-e reasons we conceive that this is the na-
tural period when young persons may be placed on
the same footing us adults, as far as regards the dis-
posal of their labour.
" In proposing the foregoing limitation of the
labour of c!,ildren, we admit, that while a certain
proportion of those who have passed the prescribed
age advantageously share in the benefits of restric-
tion, a certain proportion of those who are included
in that restriction, may, without injury, work longer
hours. Cases of this kind, however, being cases of
exception, do not appear to come within any ge-
neral measure of legis;ation. The grounds on which
we abstain from recommending more than one
limit are the facilities which every additional re-
striction a ould afford to fraud and evasion ; and
the impossibility, according to the evidence, of em-
ploying three sets of hands with different limitations,
The nearer the approximetion of the hours of one
att. to the hca.a cf enothet, the aoultl be
the facilities and temptations of the lower set to run
into the waking hours of the higher set. If the
usual working hours of the adults were eleven and
a half or twelve hours daily, the inconveniences of
another set ceasing to work at the end of the
tenth hour would be so considerable, that they
would go on working to the twelfth. if we sup-
pose three sets of hands employed in a factory, one
of which should be restricted to eight, a second to
ten, and a third to twelve hours' work, the eight
hours set would be apt to run to ten hours, and the
ten to twelve Moreover, what may be the objec-
tions on the part of the manufacturers to double sets
would apply with increased force to three sets,
" The great evil of the manufacturing system, as
at present conducted, has appeared to us to be, that
it entails the necessity of continuing the labour of
childred to the utmost length of that of the adults.
The only remedy for this evil, short of a limitation
of the labour of adults, which would, in our opi-
nion, create an evil greater than that which is
sought to be remedied, appears to be the plan of
working double sets of children. To this plan there
have been intimated to us great objections oni the
part both of masters and of workmen; on the part
of the master., I..eautte it will be attehried with ie.
convenience, and somewhat higher wages on
part of the workmen for various reasons; Ist. Be-
' cause when vvoiking by the piece increased expense
in hiring or increased trouble in teaching children
will necessarily diminish their net earnings; 2d. Be-
' cause by a more general limitation to ten hours
they expect to get twelve hours' wages for less
ork ; 3d. Because the reduction to half wages or
little more of the children reduced to six or eight

hours' work must necessarily in so far tend to
duce Cie earnings, and consequently the comforts of
the family.
" There can be no doubt, from the whole tenor of
the ev•dence before us, that the plan of double sets
will be productive of more or less inconvenience
and expense to the manufacturer. It has appeare:i
to us, however, that the same objections must at-
tach more or less to any change of the present
modes of working; but we consider the object
aimed at by the working of double sets, namely,
that of counteracting the tendency to an undue em-
ployment of infant labour, to be such as more than
compensates for the sacrifice to be made in attain-
ing it. And no o►her mode of effectually accom-
plishing that most desirable object has occurred to
us likely to be attended with so little evil or suffer-
ing as that which we have ventured to recommend.
" The suggestion of the plan of double sets by
some of the most considerable manufactcre:s, and
the acquiescence in it, reluctant though it be by
others, appear to us to afford a guarantee of its
practicability."

ANGLlNG.—Wednesday week, a gentleman
front Innerleithen, when on a visit to the Ettrick Shep-
herd, killed in the Yarrow 321 b. of splendid trout,
which we undeist.ind to be the greatest weight taken
in that neighbourhood for the last ten years, with the
exception of one which the Shepherd had about three
years ago in the Meggat, when he took to nearly the
amount of 501 b.—• Glasgow Herald.

On the evening of yesterday the King and Queen re- I
moved privately from the palace to a suite of apartments
that had been prepared for them at the Retiro, which in-
close to the Mona-try of St. Jerome. To day, at an early
hour, the Commander of the King's Role Guards, and of
the halberdiert, stationed picqueta and posted sen inels
round the building occupied by their Majesties, at the mo-
nastery, and along the space between ; there being a re-
serve to he dispe:erl of at discretion by- the Lord High
Steward of the Palace, the Marquis of Lansnortin. A
numerous body of troops of the Royal. Guard of infantry
and cavalry were al'o on duty.
At about ten o'clock the persons whose duty it was to
attend began to make their aptirsarance at the church, and
for nearly an hour carriages con'inued to arrive with
Grandees, Foreign Ministers, Deputies, and others, all
dressed in their respective uniforms, and many of them
glittering with gold, and loaded with a variety of stars
and badges of honour. The King and Queen, surrounded
by a strong escort of the body guard, and having the
young Princess in the front seat of the carriage, arrived
at About eleven o'clock.
eQn entering the church their Majesties were met by
the Archbishop of Grenada, who gave them the blesseas
water, send conducted them to two chairs of state, situated
on the left of the altar, where their Majesties took their
seats, the Queen to the left of the King. at whose right
the Duke of Fries, as representative of the Counts of
Oropesa, posed himself, with the sword of state in his
hand, it being a privilege of the Oropesas to carry that
sword on such occasions, and next to him the Marquis
of San Martin. On the left of the Queen was the young
Princess in the arms of her nurse, and next to her the
Infant Don Francisco, with his two sons, and the Infant
Don Sebastian, all on chairs of state. Immediately behind
the chairs of their Majesties stood the Csptain of the
Guard, the'First Lady of Honour, and the other ladies of
the Queen. Close by the altar stood the Patriarch, as
officiating prim at, in his pontifical robes, attended by an
honorary chaplain, an Iby other chaplains. Opposite to
their Majesties, on a covered bench, sat the Archbishops
acid Bishops, and, on the same side, a little lower down,
the Cardinal Archbishop of Seville and the Cardinal
Nuncio, each in a chair with cushions and rests
in front. Next to these was the French Ambassador,
on a stool, placed on a little carpet, and in front, a rest
covered with velvet. Behind the prelates were the Mi-
nister of the Chamber of the Castile, with tbeir Secre-
tary on a bench ; and behind these the escribanes snayores,
er Prothonotaries of the realm, standing. The Stewards
of the Palace occupied on foot a space between the bench
of the Prelates and that of the Ministers of the Chamber.
In the body of the church, on the left of the altar, were
the Grandees, and on the same line, with a space between
the rest of the Nobility, ail sitting on benches. Behind the
Grandees stood the Gentiles .Hombres de Coca, or yeomen
of the mouth. The Titulos, or second order of the No-
bility, and the Deputies of t! 'e Cortes, were ranged on
benches on each side of the aisle, where there were also six
tribunes, three on a sine, which were occupied by the Se-
cretaries of State, the Diplomatic Corps, the Alcaydes de
Corte, Sergeants of the Court, and by other persons of dis-
tinction. On each side of the altar there was a side tatsle,
on one oc which were placed till the articles necessary for
the celebration of mass, and on the other the Pontifical
robes and ornaments of the officiating priest. On the
upper pot were four mace bearers, posted in tbe same
manlier. There was a Master of Ceremonies, and fur
Stewards of the Palace for the preservation of order, and
to direct the proceedings.
The whole of the interior of the church was ornamented
with a taste anti splendour befitting the solemnity of the oc-
cesion. Rich hangings of red and blue dampk, fringed with
bold and with gold acorns, feil from the ceiling es the Saar,
Oft thesieatermerti ,te speces the walls were concealed; by

wh'e satin, powdered with ermines ; and along the w:Atile
extent of the cornice there were, at equal distances, large
garlands of flowers and laurel leaves alternately, with a
wildfieur-de-lys in the middle. The railings in front of
the choir and of the organ were oraamented in the same
rre.nner and with the same taste. One thing was re-
markahle, that is, that the colours of the ornaments were
red, white, and blue, which are here called revolutionary
colours. Four chaadeliers hung gracefully from the
vaulted root, which was the only pirt of this old gothic
structure that was discernible, except indeed, here and
there the abutment of an arch, or the capital of a pillar,
of stern and antique fashion, which contrasted singularly
with the otherwise gaudy and youthful appearance of the
church, and which looked like the wrinkles of a gay
old dowager peering through the rouge and finery of her
dress.
When all was arranged and every body in his proper
place, their Majesties made a short prayer. Immediately
after commenced the mass, which was performed with a
fine accompaniment of vocal and instrumental music of
the most solemn anti inspiring description. Mass being
concluded, the officiating Prelate made a genuflexion before
the altar, and a bow to their Majesties, took his mitre and
crozier, and retired on one side of the altar to take off his
surplice and put on a pluvial. The King and Queen, with
the little Princess, then passed into the sicristy, where
they remained about half an hour. On their appearing
again, the Patriarch made a signal for the hymn of Veni
Creator to be sung, which was done accordingly by the
musicians of the Royal Chapel, and with exquisite skill.
Tido part of the ceremony, during which the whole
congregation were on their knees, presented a most inte-
resting sieht, and, from the solemnity of the occasion, the
superior style of the music, and the high character of the
persons present, did not fail to awaken the feelings of re.
spect and awe.
Ater the hymn, the Patriarch who had been appointed,
to receive the oaths, in the place of the Archbishop of
Toledo. took his seat in a chair which was placed for him
immediately b f ire the altar, facing !he chantre, having
the Archbishop of Grenada at his side. The Mister of
the Ceremonies then set before him on a little cover, d
table, which was brought for the purpose, an open [ration
and a crorifix ; after which he conducted the church dig-
nitaries, who were sitting opposi,e to their M.jestie-,
to another bench in the body of the church, next to the
platform. This done, the King-at-Arms called t e atten-
tion of the audience to the Escritura de Juramento, or

ireolrett.t.har-roii. 7,helzmatertrelisviJ,Y irt•einbireirr,yl
secretary and two notaries, but so indistinctly that the
winds were scarcely audible.
The King at-Arms then summoned the Infant Don
Francisco, who, after saluting the altar and their
Majesties, proceeded to the table b4ore the Patriarch, het
there on a cushion that was placed for him, and, putting
•• . .

his right hand on the missal and the crucifix, took the
oath of allegiance as prescribed by the Escritura just
mentioned. He then rose, approached the King, and,
placing both his hands within those of his Majesty, per-
formed the act of homage, promising to comply with the
engagements he had contracted by the oath. He next
limed the hand of the Queen and of the Princess, and re-
turned to his seat. The same ceremony was performed by
the two sons of Francisco, and by the Infant Don Sebas-
tian ; and while it lasted, the sp,ctafors, with the excep-
tion of the King and Queen, remained standing.
The Archbishop of Grenada now retired, the missal
and crucifix which had been used for the Infentes were
removed, and others brought in their place, and the King.
at-Arms called the Duke of Medinacceli, who came for-
ward and seated himself to the left of the Patriarch. The
Cardinal Archbishop of Seville having been summoned in
the same manner, then stool forth, and after making the
salutations above described, knelt before the Patriarch,
took the oath, and tendered his homage to the Duke of
Medinacceli, as the representative of the King, kissed the
hands of their Mt.jesties and of the Princess, and retired to
his seat. The example of the Cardinal was followed by

,he other Dignitaries of the Church successively. The
Grandees came next, two at a time, and went through
the ceremony in precisely the sam. manner as those who
h ttl preceded them, and next the Titalas, or second order
of Nobility.
The Depu::ies of the Cortes were now summoned to
swear ; and here the ..ncient competition for precedence
between Burgos and Tole to, a competition which, after a
lapse of nearly four c;.nturies and a halt, still exists, was
recewed by the representatives of those two cities ; for
when the Deputies were called to take the oath, the two
M embers alluded to came forward at the sttme time, each
striving to take the lead of the other. They were, how-
evtr, checked, as usual, by his Majesty, who repeated the

Finally, the Secretary of the Chamber of Castile,
attended by two Prothonotaries of the realm, with be-
coming respect, but in a raised voice, asked the King
whet' er be accepted the oath of allegiance thus tendered
to the Princess Donna Maria Isabel Louisa, and whether
it was his pleasure that the act should b. recorded in due
form, to which his Majesty repli•-d in the affirmative.
After which the Member for Burgos coming forward,
addressed to his Majesty a few compl men's suited to the
occasion, and retired to his place. A solemn Te Deem
was then sung, and accompanied by, the royal choir ; at
the words Te ergo- quasumus,- the. Whole congrega.ion
knelt and a moment after they lien stood up. After
the Te Deem, the Archbishop of Seville offered up a
short prayer, gave his benediction, and terminated the
ceremony. Whereupon the King and Queen and Infante*
proceeded to leave the church, and, attended by their
retinue and guard, returned to the Retiro.
The ceremony lasted nearly four hours ; the King
looked well, and in good spirits ; and the little Princes•
charmed the spectators by the correctness of her be-
haviour.

The number of the cities represented was thirty-eight,
and that of the Deputies seventy-six, two having been
elected by each city. The names of the former are as
follows :—Burgos, Avila, Soria, Segovia. Leon, Zamora,
Toro, 1341,ntia, Salamanca, Valladolid, Guadalaxara, Ma•
drill, Cuenca, Toledo, Merida, Truxillo, Granada, Se-
ville, Cordova, J en, G slicia, Murzia, Saragossa, Fraga,
Calatayud, Tarasona, J 'ea, Tattle], Borja, Palma, Va-
lencia, Peniscola, Barcelona, Cervera, Tortosa, Lerida,
Gerona, and Tarragona.

(ANOTHER ACCOUNT.)

MADRID, JUNE 20.

From an early hour this morning the windows of all
the houses situated in the streets through which the royal
procession was to pass were decorated with rich stuff.,
nearly in the same manner as is practised on the occasion
of religious processions. This was done in confirmity to
the orders issued by the Corregidor. Among the man-
sions of the grandees of Spain which made the greatest
degree of splendour on the occasion, that of the Duke de
Fries was most conspicuous. The Duke was to be the
bearer of the etraque real during the ceremony of the
jara. The outside of his house had been so decorated as
to assume the style of a Gothic castle, surmounted by a
banner, on which :;ad been printed the armorial bearings
of his family. The palace of the Duchess de Benavente
had been ornsmented with pillars surrounded with gar-
lands, anti with various emhiems. The whole front of
the }rinse of the Duke d'Hijar had been converted into a
kind of gallery of paintings, representing each of the
provinces of Spain, pro,,iairning the King's daughter,
and the statues of industry, commerce, agriculture, and
plenty.
At the time of the jam of Ferdinand VII., there was
hafdly a grandee of Spain who did nrt :nal:e is more
splendid display of deettrations ; but they have since been
most of them so Impoverished, that a great number have
found themselves under the necessity of acting with the
utmost economy on she present occasion.

Tlr. hone of the Commissary de la Cruzoda, the Go-
vernment buildings. the Casa de Correos, the Museums of
Painting and Artille-y, the Cletont-house, the Bank, the
Royal printing-house, the harracks, seaeral convents, la
Carrel de Corte, the Council-'.,cuse, Ia Villa Ia Panoderia,
were all decorated with rich tapestry, and satin or velvet
draperies, and with sumptuous canopies, under which were
hung the portraits of their Majesties and their daughter.
Without waiting for the grand deputation which was
to meet their Majesties and attend them to San Geronimo,
the King and Queen, with their (laughter, proceeded
precisely at l 1 o'clock A.m. to the church, and immediately
after their arrival, the ceremony of administering the oath
was commenced. It lasted until two o'clock rad., and
was pertirrmed exactly as laid down in the programme,
which itself was an exact copy of those of the juras of the
last century. The name of Don Carlos was not even
mentioned during the ceremony.
The solemnity had more of brilliancy than grandeur.
The whole inside of the church in which it took place had
teen tined with rick silk stuffs, of red and blue colours,
with edges of white satin and gold. There was less of
taste than richness in these ornaments.

Very few persons not having to take part in the busi-
ness of the day were admitted to view the ceremony, the
size of the church not having been such as to allow of the
presence of the crowds who were anxious to gain admis-
sion. More than 30 deputies were obliged to stand hud-
dled up in a comer, because there had not been room
enough to place benches for their accommodation. The
small ',umber of seats al:otted to strangers, besides those
provided for the corps diplornatique, were secured by the
officers of the household.

The young Princess, not accustomed to such bustle,
became frightened at the number of times that her hand
was kissed, and frequently burst into tears. There was
some diflicull in appeasing her, and this was always
thine by giving her sugar plums.
At six o'clock their M sties, with their daughter, after
having promenaded at the Pi ado in state, followed by all
the tnemb,rs of the Royal Family, also in their state car-
riages, and in grind costume, returned to their palace
through the Carrtra de San Geronimo, La Puerta del
Sol. and the Strada Mayor.
The illuminations this evening have been universal and
very brilli tut. Those of the Prado, the fountains de la
villa, the plices of Santa Cruz and San Anton Martin,
were The most sir Ttive.

This evening had been also fixed upon for the first ex-
periment of lighting with gas one cif tl.e Court yards of
the King'. palace. It bad been put down in the pro-
ne...n.o port of the celebration ..f the event of the
day. An English company had undertaken the process,
and it has succeeder quite as far as could be wis ed.

The diy's rej .icinim were terminated by splendid fire•
works let off on the Place I'o, iente.

A great num,,er of mi itary promotions are about to he
made, and a long list is anoouneed of savours and dist:oc•
tiAis, the whole in commemoration of the jura. Mes•rs.
de &a and Offdia ale to be created Dukes and grandees
of the firbt

Tr .e greatest tranquillity has prevailed up to the present
moment. Y.

MADRID, JUNE 19.

The Deputies of the cities and kingdoms as•emalf-d this
morning, to the numb.-r of 74, at the reside: we of Mar
shat Castanos, the President of Castile, and from thence
proceeded in their carriages, and in a body, to the Palace,
where the King addressed a short speech to them, in
which he declared to them that the sole purpo,e f,r which
they had been convoked, was to p,y homage and sweat
fidelity to the Princess of Asturias, his daughter. After
this speech the King retired, and the President of CasW4
informed the members that, agreeably .to the orders of
his Majesty, the jura would take place on the following
day, at the hour and in the way prescribed by the pro-
gramme of the ceremony, in the church of the Royal
convent of San Geronimo.

The programme was published ye,t'tday. It will i; •
strictly abided by to-morrow. I send it enclosed. You
will perceive that it is absolutely similar to all that have
been observed in former juras. You will also observe
that neither the name nor the " declaration" of D.,n
Carlos will be mentioned during the ceremony.
A royal ordinance, published yesterday in the Madrid
Gazette, assigns to ti:e "Patriarch of the Indies" the
task of receiving the oath, in lien of the Archbishop of
Toledo, whom ill health, is is saiif, prevents from under-
taking it. The true cause, however, of this is that the
Archbishop has again been visited by the scruples of his

(Note.—The refusal of the Archbishop of Toledo to attend
the ceremony of the Jura, and his protest against the recognition
of the Princess, are no longer a matter of doubt, an order har•-
ing appeared appointing the Patriarch of the Indies to supply
the place of the Archbishop at the Cortes.)

tad teen used la pi Ga.
time, with SUMrw%
ainacy of the Arch I'
is the ceremony; for,
tp of Toledo had a-
nlministered the oath.
to be exiled to Oviedo.
occurs. The House of
tge the rights of the
Charge d'Affaires, 111.
...rid, has put into the
hands of M. de Z:'a a formal protest, in the name of 11".1
Sovereign, a copy of which he has at the same rime trans-
mitted to all the member,. of the corps diplomatique.
If it was thought that in older to east the name of
Don Carlos into oblivion, it was enough not to mention
his name, it is evident that a miscalculation had been
made. The cause of Dun Carlos, which, it must be (ten-
fessed, has numerous supporters witbin, now finds friends
among the foreign Powers. When the turmoil occa-
sioned by the fetes given on the occasion of the jura has a
little subsided, the difficulties which buy be in store wilt
become more visible than they are at present. The p-opk
are excited by the bu,Ve of the fetes and will certainly
enjoy themselves, becaus- they love rejoicings ; but it is
touch to be feared that by such means the people will not
be won. Wh.n the excitement has reamed the pe,p'e will
begin to find, too, that it is they who pay for the re—
joicings, and that they pay dearly for them.
So long as the King lives, everything here will remain
in statu gun; but his Majesty, though apparently in ru-
ler dile health now, is attacked ith an undermining
disease, and when one
.day the strength of his arm shall
fail in ..upporting the claims of his daughter, it will he
seen whether the jura of the Cortes of June, 1838, will
have any effect against the formidable strength of the
party who support Don Carlos.
Meanwhile, the ceremony of rejoicings about 'hie much
tinted .4 and much thought of jura have in a manner
been ushered in to day by a grand review, passed at the
Prado by the King, of all the troops in Madrid. 'Elite
Queen accompanied his Ma y. Their Majesties, with
the Royal family and their 'unite, afterwards repaired to
the house of St. John, at Bum Reek°, where they intend
passing the night, and from whtoce they will to.morrew
proceed with their daughter to the church of the Rttyal
convent of St. Geronimo, to go through the ceremony of
the jura. Y.

PROTEST OF THE KING OF NAPLES AGAINST
THE RECOGNITION OF THE PRINCESS DONNA..
MARIA ISABEL LOUISA, COMMUNICATED BY
THE NEAPOLITAN MINISTER AT THIS COURT
TO THE GOVERNMENT OF HIS CATHOLIC MA..
JESTY.

(TRANSLATION.)
FERDINAND IL, by the grace of God, King of the king-
dom of the Two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, &c.

We have learnt, with the deepest regret, tha• his Catholic.
Majesty, by his decree of the 4th of April last, has convoked
the Spanish Cortes for the 20th of June next, in order to their
swearing allegiance to her Serene Highness the Infanta, Donna
Maria Isabel Louisa, as Princess Heiress to the Crown of
Spain, and, for the purpose of their sanctioning by this act the
new order of succession which his Majesty proposes to esta-
blish by his Pragmatic Sanction of the 29th March, IS3O, dero.
gating that which was promulged by Philip V. in a law of the
10th May, 1713.
Under these circumstances we have considered :

That the said law of 1715 was enacted by the Chief of a new
dynasty, with all the formalities that were requisite and indis-
pensable to its validity, and at a time when a concurrence of ex-
traordinary and distressing circumstances, justified the pro.
priety of a new law of succession ; that it is a law consecrated
by more than a century of uninterrupted existence; that It
was the necessary consequence of the stipulations which se.
cured the throne of Spain to the grandson of Louis XIV., and
to his male descendants, and the weighty reasons in which it
originated continue to subsist.

We have further considered that an order of succession
established, as this was, by.' the consent, and under the gun.
rantee, of the principal Powers of Europe, and recognised suc-
cessively in various treaties concluded with those Powers, has
become obligatory and unalterable, and has transmitted to all
the descendants of Philip V., rights which, as they were ob-
tained by the sacrifice of other rights, they cannot relinquish
without material injury to themselves, and without failing in
the consideration due to the illustrious head and founder of
their dynasty.
We are, moreover, quite sure that when such a funds.
mental law has been once adopted, it is not in th_• power of
any one, according to the obvious principles of universal le.
gislation, to make in it, so long as the dynasty of its author
shall subsist, any innovation or change, on any ground or pre.
tear' whatsoever. Thus, as the right acquired to the succes-
sion of the crown of Spain belongs to the male descendants of
Philip V., and to each ac-cording to their rank and priority of
birth upon the demise of tha last possessor of the crown, the
succession devolves in full right to the eldest born of the elder
branch, as the Prince most nearly related to the deceased ; and
the successor does not derive his right from any act of his pre.
uecesaor, but from Cud alone, and from that inviolable lay'—
by which the order of succession has bcun
It is also evident Out Imo this lasi destsorl. all tb'
made by the Princes c.' Europe at the commencement

century, for the establishment of an exact equilibrium b

their different States, would be utterly fruitless; nor
there be wanting a just ground for apprehending the r.
rence of a sanguinary war of succession.

Wherefore, and conformably to the measures adopted by
august father for the preservation of his righti, under date of
the 22d September, 1830, we deem it indispensable to our
honour, to our Royal rights, and to the duties of the station
which it has pleased Divine Providence to place us in, formally
to protest, as we hereby do, before the legitimate Sovereigns of
all nations, against the Pragmatic Sanction of the 99th of
March of the aforesaid year of 1830, and against every act that
may alter, or in any way affect, those principles which hitherto
have been the basis of the power and splendour of the house
of Bourbon, and of the eventual, incontestible, and sacred
rights which are transmitted to us by the fundamental law of
succession hitherto invariably observed, and obtained by sacri.
fices of the greatest magnitude.
This our solemn protest shall be communicated to all the
Court, and copies of it, authorized by our signature and the
seal of our Royal Arms, as also by the signature of our Mini-
ster of Foreign Affairs, shall be deposited in the departments
of State and of Grace and Justice, and in the office of the
President of the Council of Ministers.
Naples, May 18.

(Signed) FERDINAND,
ANTO.STA FELLA.

STATE OF PARTIES.

MAnarn, Ansa 20.—1 t appears that the King still
continues to keep up a very active and s-cret cotrespon•
deuce with his brother, Don Carlos, and that the lettere
passing betw,en them are torn after being read; so that
neither the Queen nor M. Zea are at all acquainted with
their conten.s.

M. Z a's favour with the King is on the decline; for
the hatred of the Apostol•cils being implacable, Lis Majesty
sees that his ,ystein of intrigue will not succeed while the
present men remain in office.
M. Arj,na is said to be likely to succeed M. Zea, as
President of the Council. M. Arj na belongs to the
enlightened portion of the Apostolicals, and is a man
derision. M. Zea, in that case, would obtain the embassy

in Paris.
M. Cauja Arguelles, formerly a Minister under the
Cart s, is continually transacting business at the Ministry
of Finances, where he replaces M. Burgos. M. Arguell
■
is known to dislike the Royal Foreign Stock, hi. system
b,ing to favour domestic credit exclusively.
Zea has not yet been able to find it man fit to fill the
pira: y stii,n Paris,teotAlnwisho cattlet.ro afhlr
herei it
sans e, wwboh cwilt)eunntrtrDo
in.totth:la
siv: itewwit.
M. Arano, one of the Secret..ries ut the Span's', ern-
bnot tvutn to his po,t.
- - -

M. Erro, filet Chief of the Foreign-office is about to
he sent ou a fweigu mission.

M. L..p a, appoin ed first S. eretary of our entbosy at
Penis, is a yuung man of talent who has just at r.ved from
Berlin, where he was intrusted with an important

It was only yesterday, 19th, that the King repaired to
the Retiro. His Maj.sty was to have p.ottird a grand re•
view, and all the soldiers the garri.ou had been or-
dered out at four o'clock in the afternoon. The troops,
whose line extended from the street of Alctla tt the canal,
being exposed to a burning sun, were becoming much dis-
satisfied, when at right o'clock the report of tie artil ery
announ..ed the arrival of his Majesty. However, nLtht
soon coming on, this military display scarcely deserves the
name of a review. His Majesty, it seems, had been de-
layed in the gardens of Mornloa, where the young nobi-
lity had prep tred a bell-race, a spectacle which Ferdinand
is very fond of.
The ceremony of the Jura took place to-day. Whilst
the Te Deem was chaunting, cloud, g%th.,d, and the
thunder roared ; but half an hour afterwards the sky
brightened up again. Superstitious persons will consider
this circumstance as a bad omen. There was no great
assemblage eif people near St, /iron*, whitt `iloated.
r.gr andac e th the
-13 the Prhdo ; the most perfect tranquillity prevailed, nor
was it even int. rrupted Loy a singl- vivat when the King
left the church to return to the Retina. This proves Pat
oar police does not yet possess the secret of creating, CS
elsewlere, a fictitious enthusiasm
Al. sting the streets through which
id hicsihthe King d
young Princess passel. the sign-boards of the shops and all
Alter emblems denoting a profession or trade had been
removed from the fro.nis of the houses. The reason ad.
dueed for this measure is, that they ,are innovations of
modern times. and that formerly, on such Occasions, when
presence
?hey were unknown, their not
pectarle of a royal cortege. The Court is, as it were,
othimed of the progress of civilisation, and among the
retrograde party are some young lords, who, in that re.
sret, oe!oag to the 14th century.
The Kiug, Queen, and the young Princess, 4
appeare

.!A e• 4 •

after dinner in Prado, in a magnificent state rarrlit-4,,
surmounted with a crown. T, eir Majesties were accom-
panie, hy a numerous and hi illiant retinue. After riding
up and down several times, they returned to the Palace.
There was a long concourse of inhabitants at the Prado, but
the R.yal Family were not greeted•by a single vivat.
Madrid is perfectly tranquil. •
The King, wishing to give his'artny a proof of his 11,,yal
solicitude, has instituted, by a Royal Decree of the 19 h
inst., a special order in its favour. The decoration, sus-
pended from a sliyblueribar.d, bearing the name of Mails
1-abel,Louisa, is to be conferred on 96 men oat of every
battalion of the army: