The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-03 00:00:00

JANUARY 3, 1851,
LONDON, FRIDAY EVENI..:::C SUN,

NATIONNL LOAN FUND LIFE AND
EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES,
26, CORNII[LL, LONDON.

DIRECTORS.
t*T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman.
W. A. B. Bennett, Esq. *John Rawson, Esq.
*Hugh Croft. Esq. *John Shaw, F.si.
tElliotson, M.D„ F.R.S. f*Earnund S. Symes, Esq.
*Ralph Gotwh, Esq. V'tlemtllt Tabor, Esq.
*Nt. C. Maher, Esq. f Jaseph Thrtmpson, Esq.
*John Moss, E3q, f*.A ignstits Vine, Esq•

AUDITOR.
}Professor Wheatuone, E.R.S.
rfivsiclAN.
*J. Elli.)tson, NI.D„ F.R.s„ 37, C indult-street.
SURCF.ON.
I. E. S. gymel, Esq., 77. Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-square.
arrtiaar.
• I*W. S. B. Woollt.inse, Esq., F. 11.1.3., Ste.
sEcar.ranr.
*D. T. Lyons Clanzliy, Esq.
SUPERINTENDENT.
*W. A. Hawkins, Esq. •
SINKERS.
llesira. Glyn, MOULT., Mill., ant Co., G 7, Lomb Ird-street.
SOLICITORS,
17.1.3r3. Oinnianney and Pfudauce, 6, Basinghall-
street.
*W. Tatham, Esq.. 22, Thromorton-street.
NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE OFFICE.
carrrAL —500.000/
The WITHDRAWAL TABLE of the Society affords to the As-
sured the greatest possible present and prospective advantages that
can be conferred by Life Assurance. On this Tab e the Assured is
entitled, at any time, to receive at interest an immediate advance,
to the extent of one-half the amount of the paid annual Premiums.
without security, personal liability, or deposit of the Policy, but by
simple endorsement thereon; or the half Premium may be with-
held during the whole continuance of the Policy. Also, in the
event of the Assured at any time not requiring to continue the
Policy, on its surrender one-half of the annual payments will be
returned by the Society.
Lapsed Policies may bs renewed without fine, on proof of health
and payment of arrears of Premium without interest.
Notices of Assignment of Policies registered and acknowledged,
so as to make them available us securities in the hands of
third parties.
No Entrance Fees or any other charge beyond the Policy Stamp.
The present a nnual income of the Society from Premiums is
63,0001.; tae amount covered by the Policies of the Society is
1,781,5801.; and the reserved profit, applicable to future bonus to
the Assured, amounts to 82,4541. ss. Gd. At the last annual inves-
tigation, reported in May, 1850, the bonuses declared to the As-
sured were, the option of a return of 15 per cent. on their Premiums
in cash, or a reversionary addition to the original sum assured by
each Policy varying from 20 to 65 per cent.
EXAMPLES OF BONUSES ALREADY DECLARED.

2 0 0

Extensive Travelling Leave granted without extra Premium
Moderate extra Premium for Residence in Tropical Climates.
EQUITABLE; FIRE OFFICE.
Capital-500,0,01.
(Incorporated under 7 and 8 Viet., cap. 110.)
The leading principles of this Office are—Moderate and equitable
Rates or Premium for each ci mss of risk—Annual division of Profits.
The difficulty of collecting the elem !nts on which to proportion
Premium to risk in lasuraace against Loss by Fire has been so
great, that the rates at present charged are more the result of guess
than calculation.
It has been found by experience, that the total annual losses of the
different Established Companies have not been proportionate to the
amount of annual Premiums received by each.
It is of the highest importance, both to the Insured and Insurers,
that such an anomaly should cease, and an approximation to the
true risk be made. To secure this object the Equitable Fire Insu-
ranee Company is established.
The true rate of Premium for Fire Insarance can only be ap-
proached through Classification and Average, which has not hitherto
been sufficiently acted ~n, or systematically applied.
Whatever be the nominal rate, the bonus or return periodically to
the Insured will determine the true Premium equitably payable, as
s,,curity against loss for so great a calamity as fire, and the Insurer
is largely interested in this question, and will consult his interest by
supporting a system where, by a careful combination of Classifica-
tion and Avenge, the Premium will be proportioned to the risk.
The Equitable Fire Office will, by a constant atialvsis of its own
experience, from time to tie- e, adopt such rates of Premium as the
nature of the risk may justify, and will decline to enter into arrange-
ments as regards tariffs with other offices.
With this view an annual investiga ion will be made into each
class of risk, and a return of one moiety, or fifty per cent. of the nett
excess will be made to all classes of Insurers whose Policies have
been in force for three years.
Insurances against Loss by Fire are effected by this Company upon
every description of Pr aperty on moderate f erms.
Farming Stock insured at 3s per cent, without the Average Clause.
Prospectuses. and every information may be obtained, on applica-
tion at the Office, or to any of its Agents::

Natbmal Loan Fund Life Assurance Society.
* Equitable Fire;
i* Both Offices.

THE LIVERPOOL AND LONDON FIRE
AND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Established in 1836.
Empowered by Acts of Parliament.
Otilces:--8 and 10, Water-street, Liverpool; 20 and 21, Poultry,
London.

TRUSTEES.
Sir Thomas Bernard Birch, Bart., M.P.,
Adam llodgson, Esq., Samuel Henry Thompson, Esq.
DIRECTORS IN LIVERPOOL.
Chairman—WlLLlAM NICOL, Esq.
Deputy-Chairmen —JOSEPH C. EWART, Esq. ; JOSEPH
RORNItY, Esq.
Thomas Brocklebank, Esq. George IT. Lawrence, Esq.
William Dixon, Esq. Harold Littledale, Esq.
William Earle, Esq. .John Marriot, Esq.
T. Steuart Gladstone, Esq. Edward Moon, Esq.
George Grant, Esq. Lewin Mozley, Esq.
Francis Haywood, Esq. Joseph Shipley, Esq.
Robert Iliggin, Esq. 11. Stolterfoht, Esq.
George Holt, Esq. John Swainson, Esq.
John Ilore, Esq.
SECRETARY--SMIIIOII Bonk, Esq.
DIRECTORS IN LONDON.
Chairman—WlLLlAM EWART, Esq., M.P.
Deputy-Chairman—GEOßGE FREDERICK YOUNG, Esq.
Sir W. I'. de Bathe, Bart. Hon. F. Pcnsonby.
William Brown, Esq., M.P. i John Ranking, Esq.
Matthew Forster, Esq., M.P. J. M. Rosseter, Esq.
Frederick Harrison, Esq. Seymour Teuton, Esq.
James Hartley, Esq. Swinton Boult, Esq., Secretary
Roes D. Mangles, E. q., M.P. to the Company.
RESIDENT SECRETARY—Benjamin Henderson, ESQ.
CONSTITUTION.
Liability of the entire body of Shareholders unlimited.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Mercantile Risks freely Insured.
Foreign and Colonial Insurances effected.
Premiums as in other established offices.
Settlement of Losses liberal and prompt.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.
Premiums as low as is consistent with safety.
Bonuses not dependent on Profits being declared, and guaranteed
when the Policy is effected.
Surrender of Policies favourably dealt with.
Thirty days allowed for the Renewal of Policies.
Chtims paid in three months after proof of death.
Policies not Disputed except on the ground of Fraud.
Full Prospectuses may be had on application at the Offices of the
Company as above, or to any of its agents in the Country.

C 0.,

CATHOLIC LAW AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY,
8, NEW COVENTR 1-STREET, LEICESTER-SQUARE, LONDON.
The FOURT FL ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Proprie-
tors of this Company took place on the 25th instant, at the Head
Office, at One o'clock precisely. The following is extracted from the
report, which is too lengthy for publication :
During the past year no claims have arisen from deaths in Englanzl„
and but two in Ireland—one for 5001. and the other for 280/.—making
together 7001., which have been paid. This is far below the expected
mortality, and is especially favourable, when it is remembered how
severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last
year.
The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1949, and
the 31st of May, 1850, was more than double the number issued in
the twelve months preceding.
Proosals were made for 138 Policies, amounting to 52,93/. 2s.
of these 121, comprising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,12561. 6s. 6d.:
Sixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,0481., upon which 3201. 39.
was received by the Company in the shape of premiums.
Since the c nnmencemt of the Company to the letf June last,
assurarres were effected to the extent of 110,972/. 123 Gd., pro-
ducing in annual premiums 3,7321. 1 ls. 6d. Of these 54 lapsed,
amounting to 23,990/. 16s. 6d., of which the annual premiums were
7411. Is., leaving the yearly income on the Ist of June last equal to
2,9911. 15s. I Id.
Since last meeting loans were applied for to the extent of 17,7001.,
but 1,1831. I Is. 10d. only was advanced.
The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the
last four months they had considerably extended their business on
the Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent in France, Monsieur
de l'Etang, a gentleman of high standing in Paris, distinguished for
his integrity and 'ability in financial and in all assurance matters,
who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris,
the Cardinal Arehbish,p of Lyons, and Monseigneur Parisis, Evecine
de Langres, has already within the last three months effected a con-
siderable amount of business, not only in Life Assurances; but In An-
nuities both Immediate and Deferred.
After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning
thanks to the Right Reverend Chaifman, Bishop Morris, the Vice-
Chairman, Actuary, Secretary, and Medical Officers of the establish-
ment, the meeting separated, highly gratified at its present results
and future prospects.

APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED.
LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE
SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops
and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad
and by its tonic anti invigorating properties enables the stomach to
per fectly digest the food.
The daily use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe-
guard to health.
Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 6, Vere-street, Oxford-
street, London, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs.
garelay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen
and gerchants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in
gatlee.
N.B. To guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA
and PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle.

R. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho;
147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author,
,rice One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
Corcrnwrs:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
:ursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening., at Home
—Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
'taut, Ease, Occupation, &c., &o.
FRAGMENTS FROM THEl
I. MOUNTAINS. Two Vols.
Vo
VISIT TO TUE LAKES; SKE ITCH OF EDINBURGH, &a.
Vol.

THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY • KEDIP.f. ISCF.NCES OF
DUBLIN, Le.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID
"That three score years and ten our course may run."
A pspular review of almost ovcry form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
the yonng, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
,:itters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu-
lation of every-day Hie.

AL

Shrove Tuesday.
Ash Wednesday
Easter Sunday
Low Sunday....

January...

February.

IV.
THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body—what improv4l,
Truths as relined as Athens over heard."
SuHJEcT : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
,!the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of
Licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.
THE MARRIAGE STATE. •
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
Pnooannotz:—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
ligion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
twice, on both shies, as to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Oases, &e.
gy R. .T. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.14. (1827), L.S.A.
1814). Twenty-live years Medical and Forensic Referee in these
-natters. Reception hours daily till nye. Evenin pi, sown till ohm
10 ArgYlligsoo. Ilivateitreet

March .....

April ......

May.... .

June....

In
•41,

4,,
2.5 ,

July

7
14
21
•28

August

September

October .

6
13
20
27

'November)

December

71
1421
28!

1 51
112
119
,26

THE JOURNAL'OF INDUSTRY,
BANKING REVIEWER, and CURRENCY REFORMER.
Edited by JONATHAN DUNCAN,
The SIXTH NUMBER of this rertocuai will be published
TOMORROW, Saturday, January 4, IS5i.
CONTENTS :
Railways in Tie ish India.
California Surpassed.
Commercial Credit and Bankrupt and Insolvent Laws.
A Question for Farmers.
The ItAni.ing Sysem of Scotland. No. 111.
Taxes on Pa:,er.
Pula c G:•anarks.
London : I by Wickham and Velland, IQ, Strand ; an.l
may be obtained through all New-agent. in town and country.

Just puldislrd, in Aro , el fth lettered, price 35.,
NERVOLJS AFFECTIONS; being. a 1..!w Ob
servaCons 011 Nervous Disorders, the result of i•xtensive
perince In the treitment of these diseases; with some icemarks on
the use with. abuse of llydrow.thy. By RfCtIARD DAWSON,
M.D., Elora Lie..-nthile of tlt. Royal College of Phy,lelans, T.ollloil,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
London : Hugh Hughes and CO., 15, St. Ilartlifs-'e-Brand.

FANIILIAR THINGS; a Cyclopse(lia of Eoter-
taining Knowledge. Illustrated with Five Wood Engraving;.
Number 1., price Twopence, contains :
A BOOR, its Origin and History, Printing, Type, Pap 'r, B okbinl-
- &c. ; with a cartels:: Account, of all the Pr cesses throuzh which
it passes before it assumes the•shape in which we have it.
A NEEDLE, its History and Manufacture, with Anecdotes of Ts-
pestry and Berlin-wool Workers.
OUR CUP OF TEA. Part I. Tea, its Origin, Hist try, Chemistry,
Commercial Value and Social Influence on the Inhabitants of this
Country.
London : Arthur Hall, Virtue, and Co., 25, Paternoster-row, and
all Booksellers and Newsmen.

CHRIATMAS HOLIDAYS.
OYAL VOL YTECHNIO INSTITUTION.
I II) The Celebrated Juvenile Harpists (the Lockwood Family) will
perform Trios, under the direction of Mr. Frederick Chatterton, daily
at Four.—Lecture by Dr. Bachhoffner •on Voltaic Electricity, in
which will be exhibited Allman's Patent Electric Light, on Tuesday
and Thursday Evenings, at Tine.—Lecture by J. H. Pepper, Esq., on
Fire .and its Antagonists, illustrated with brilliant Experiments.—
New Lecture by Mr. George Barter, entitled an English Christmas,
illustrated by appropriate Ballads, every Evening (except Saturday>
at Elgnt "o'clock.—Exhibition of the Oxy-Hydrogen .
tirely New Series of Dissolving Views, illustrating some of the Royal
Residences of Europe.—Diver and Diving-bell. ace., &c.

Admission, is.—Schools, half-price.
Open daily from Eleven till Five o'clock, and every Evening (ex-
dept taaturday) from Seven till Half-past Ten

...be- vit . LAUREN'I'S GRAND CASINO,
IA I Penna. Licensed by Act of Parliament.
..4 .c: tnnual Policy Bonus in uent Re- ARGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL-
e. 5 E Pre- taken I addition Bonus 'n duction of
g minim. gut in to Sum Cash. Annual STREET, ST. JAMES'S.
I'
Assured. Premium. (Sole Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, Jun., 57, Brompton-square.)
—"—.— --- OPEN EVERY EVENING.
[ As. 2.
139 :6 9 £ a d.
Xs. d. Inimitable success and unrivalled performance of M. 13oulcourt,
1837 292 6 9
22 13 1 from Paris on the Cornet-a-Pistons, who will play a varied Solo
1838 267 11 4 126 17 2
19 19 7 every Evening at half-past Ten o'clock, ailed by LAURENT'S
1839 241 18 6 113 17 7
17 8 8 INIMITABLE BAND. A different Selection of Music, and a Fan-
.f I £ s.d. IR 10 193 12 6 93 16 8 14 010 tasia each Evening.
60 100o' 14 3 4 1841 189 12 6 89 510 13 211 N.B. The Programme of the Dances as usual.
1812 162 16 8 76 18 4 11 8 3 Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock—Dancing to commence at
1843 115 10 10 55 10 10 81 10 Nine and terminate at half-past Eleven o'clock precisely.
1844 77 19 2 38 15 10 59 11 Admission, One Shilling.
1845 66 15 0 44 10 0 4 10 1
!V 0 A AT n Cal.tlN D F. I) A N SE.

GRAND SALON DE DANSE,
ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY, STRAND.
OPEN FOR THE SEASON.
Lessee—Mr. Thomas Bartlett Simpson, Albion Tavern, Great
Russell-street, Covent-garden.
GRAND SOIREES MUSICALES AND BA L PARE D'HIVER.
Mr. SIMPSON, anxious to have the best Band in London, has re-
tained the valuable talent of the leading Artists engaged during the
past season at Cremorne Gardens, including the most eminent
Performers from her Majesty's Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera,
and the Philharmonic Concerts.
BORINI'S BAND.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT.
Comprising Selections from :the most celebrated Composers, and
Solos by first-rate Artists.
Overture, " La Gazza Ladra," • • Rossini.
American Melody, " The Yaller Basha Bella," Mr. J.
W. Sharp.
Scotch Ballad, " What's a' the steer, kimmer," Miss
G. Hodson
" Laura Bell" Polka,ahird Week) •• ••
Comic Duett, " Liratts' Tiffs," Miss G. Hodson and
Mr. J. W. Sharp • • .. • • .. Labern.
Comic Song, " Sam Slick," Mr. J. W. Sharp • • •• Lahern.
Waltz, " Sorgenbrecher" .. • . •.•
.. J. Strauss,
REPERTOIRE OF MUSIQI7E DE DANSE.
THIS EVENING, Jan. 3.
1. Polka • . Charlotten Labitzky
2. Quadrille.. Val d'Andorre (Ist set).. Musard
3. Waltz • . Hommage a Strauss .. Borini
4. Polka .. Alice .. .. J. Strauss
5. Quadrille.. All Nations • • • .• Borini
6. Schottische The Gem • • .• .. Seabrook
7. Polka ~. Laura Bell • • ..
Borini
8. Quadrille. • be Rol d'Yvetot • • • • .. Bosisio
9. Waltz .. Souvenir du Rhin J. Strauss
10. Polka .. Souvenir de l'Hyppodrome • . ressy
11. Quadrille.. La Guerre des Femmes .. BOW()
12. Galop • • D'lndustrie • • .. Borini
To the votaries of Terpsichore remarks on the excellence of
llorini's Band, after the experience of its Orchestral Triumphs at
Cremorne, would be superfluous.
Solos and Concerted Pieces will be performed during the evening.
Bonnie Latest Compositions—The Adelaide Polka, Waltzes to
various popular Irish Melodies, Galop d'lndustrie, New Quadrille of
ill Nations, and Laura Bell Polka.
The Grand Salon, Refreshment, and Ante-rooms have undergone
considerable alterations and improvements.
Doors open at Half•past Seven o'clock. Admission One Shilling.

Borlnt.

7rHE SUCCESS which for TWENTY YEARS
has characterised the Establishments of
II Y A M A N
London .
London .....• - treet,
Carries with it mire weight than any amount of worth could pos
sibly do ; whilst the Metropolis has nobly led the van in supporting
them, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Leeds, Ilnll, Glasgow,
Dublin, Bristol, and Exeter, have all availed themselves of tit<>,
numerous advantages which ILYA NI and CO. hold out. They
claim the position wit only of being the first Tailors in London, but
the most extensive Clothiers in the world ! Whilst they acknow.
ledge the abundance of communication they are tidily receiving from
all parts expressive of satisfaction at their Articles of Dress,
and
confidence in th it straightforward system of business, they direct
attention to their array of
CHRISTMAS ATTIRE,
certainly the Largest, Cheapest, and Rest selected Stock in the
Universe.
OVER-COATS, for walking, as well as those particularly adapted
for travellinc, may be had at a minute's notice, in every shape and
every kind of material.
DRESS and SURTOUT COATS combining all that is original In
style and pre eminent in workmanship.
TROWSER-4—The stock comprises the most Fashionable Novel-
ties in treble, double, and single milled Doeskins, Angolas, Tweeds,
Cassimeres, &c.,
WAISTCOATS of Velvets, Satins, Silks, Embroidered Cloths, and
Quiltings.
IDING, WALKING, and BUSINESS JACKETS possess im-
portant requisites for sputing• and ordinary walking purposes.
LITTLE BOYS' and YOUTHS' CLOTHING.—These depart-
ments have the constant and best attention of the proprietors.
Every means possible is used to secure to -the purchaser durability,
good style, and the most moderate price. Hussar and Tunic Suits.
Vests and Trousers in great variety. School Coats. Over Coats in
every material and every new style.
Servants' Liveries, Stable Dresses, Driving Coats, Pages' Suits,
Waiting Jackets, may be obtained at a moment's notice.

COUGHS, ASTHMA, AND INCIPIENT CONSUMPTION are
Effectually Cured by
KEATING'S COUGH LOZENGES.-
TESTIMONIAL OF MERIT.
Copy of a letter from Colonel Hawker (the well•known Author on
"Guns and Shooting,') Longpar:sh-house, near Wbitchurch, Rants,
October 21, 1846 :—" Sir,—l cannot resist informing you of the ex-
traordinary effect that I have experienced by taking only a few of
your Lozenges, I had a cough for several weeks, that defied all that
was prescribed far me; and yet I got completely rid of it by taking
about half a small box of your Lozenges, which I find are the only
ones that relieve the cough without deranging the stomach or diges-
tive organs. To Mr. Keating, 79, St. Paul's Churchyard. I am,
Sir, your hu ~Me servant, " P. HAWKER."
Prepared and sold in Boxes, Is. WO.. and Tins, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d.,
and 10s. 6d. each, by THOMAS KEATING, Chemist, &c., No. 79,
St. Paul's Church- yard, London.
Sold by all Druggists and Patent Medicine Vendors in the
Kingdom.

>^.
si 1,

ei~
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115 IC
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RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, JAN. 2.
STOCK EXCFIANGIL—The share market continues i❑ the
same state. Bristol and Exeter closed at 77—South-Eastern
and Dover, 227(4.

LIVERPOOL. JAN. 2.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market has been dull to-day,
and a very limited business was transacted. Compared with
Tuesday's prices, quotations are, however, about the same.
The transactions were as follow:—Caledonian, 10t4—East
Lancashire, 1214—Great Western, I 8 Ih—Lancashire, and
Yorkshire, Consolidated, 51 Ditto, Fifths, 714 dis.—
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, 22/. Shares, 21% dis.—
Eastern Counties, 6 c.—Lancaster and Preston. 28 p.—
London and North-Western. 12334—Ditto, New Quarters,
3% p.—Ditto, Fifths, 41,2 p. Mtd land, 471,4—Ditto,
Halves, 1934 dis.—North Union (A), guaranteed by London
,
and North-Western and Lancashire and. Yorkshire, 244
South-Eastern
Preference,Easternand Dover,unpaiti 2uiplii
3
clios.rll Newcastle, and
Dutch Rhenish,
Berwick
4% dis.—Shrewsbury and Chester, New Shares, 61A.
MANCHESTER, JAN. 2.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—The share
.market was dull to-day,
but there is no change in prices.
The transactions were as
follow : Caledonian, l 0 ;& and Holyhead, Prefer-
ence, guaranteed 5% per cent., 14 3-18—East Lancashire,
12%—Great Northern, 17 13-167 Lancashire and York-
-3% p.—Ditto, Man-
shire, 57%—Ditto Fifths, 74 dis.—London and North-
cWheesitteerrn,anl2d4ll3—irmDiintgtoh,aniN,ewQ(a/aulatretrsers,(C),
234
p.--Man-
cheater, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 26,Ae —P itto, 101. Pre-
ference, 10 5-16 - Ditto, New 6/. Preference, Bs. 6d. p.—

North British, 9q—North Staffordthire, 814 dis.—South-
Eastern and Dover, 2314.
YORK, JAN. I.

STOCK EXCHINGE. —The transactions to-day were as
follow : Great Northern, 171,0, —York, Newcastle, and Ber-
wick (G. N. E. Purchase), 6—York and North Midland, 22 :j",

REPEAL OF THE DUTY ON PAPER.

MEETING AT 111 E LONDON TAVERN.
Last eight a nutnereu-ly ationdel reereng wee he 1.1
at the Lendon Tavern, for the purpose of a loteine
Beres to obtain the aefeiti. n of the tax on p.per, Mr.
Cowan, 3LY., i I the chair.
The CHU:MAN seid that it we; with some little re-
luctance he consented to preside at that mee,ieg. because
it might naturally be suppfee I that a parson wits, had a
peceniery int( rest, or who e! .1 supposed to lave such an
interest, had a private interest in the repeal of the tax
en paper. There wcre those, ho sever, who thought that
they had an interest in the maintenance of the tax, and
that it would be injurious to them to hive it removed.—
(No, no.) That wits their opinion, not hie But the pe-
cuniary consideration was not the only point involved.
He himself wished to be freed from the restrictions im-
pesed on the paper manufacturers, but if the trade was a
monopoly, the sooner it was got rid of the better for
the country at large.—(Rear, hear.) He would leave
it to others to address them on the injury which the tax
did to literature, and would confine himself to giving a
few illustrations of the enormous amount of most useless
labour which the manufacturers of paper were called
on to perform, and the superfluous waste of time to
which they were subject from the detention of the
manufactured article in the mill. At the beginning of
the century there were twenty-seven exciseable articles,
of which there remained but six or sewn at the present
time. Of these there was but one article which bore on
the face of it prima facie evidence of the duty having
been charged by means of the label fastened on it. That
article was paper. The absence of this labsl subjected
the manufacturer to a tax of 10/ ; it used to be 1001.
There was but one article subject to detention for a sin-
gle moment after the duty had been charged. That ar-
ticle was paper. Yet one would think that it should be
the other way, in consequence of paper bearing the labsl
on the face of it. But the contrary was the fact, fur the
Excise obliged the manufacturer to keep his paper 24
hours :before he could send it out; and this time was
calculated from the period when the officer visited his
work. The process of charging the paper Ni as also a
peculiar one, for the paper label which was pasted on
must be dry before the duty was charged. When this
had to be done with regard to every description cf paper
and on every ream ; and when, moreover, it had to
be weighed and wrapped up by the officer it imposed
an amount of labour and consumed a quan-
tity of time, which was very singular in this
so-called free trade country. If so much time
was uselessly expended in the manufacture of any other
articles—such as gloves, for instance—it would not be
allowed to continue a week, for the voice of the country
would be instantly raised against it.—(Hear, hear.) It
was because the paper manufacturers were a small body
scattered over the country, and were not concentrated
in a particular locality like the manufacturers of Bir-
mingham and Sheffield, that these unfair restrictions
were allowed to continue.—(Hear, hear.) He wished
to exhibit to them a specimen of paper which had :been
manufactured some time ago in the county of Gloucester.
The cost of the raw article was 2s. a cwt., or 21. a ton.
It was made, in fact, from wheat straw, a fact !or which
he could vouch. But hear it—all agricultural Protec
tionists and squires—the duty was 14s. 93. on an ar-
ticle which cost in its raw state but 2.e—(Hear, hear.)
The article which he had shown them was deemed paper
by the Excise because water was mixed up in its prepa-
ration. It was reduced in bulk, and became paper or
millboard. Here was another article, which was not
called paper, because it was manufactured in a dry state;
it was not formed into a state of pulp, and, consequently,
it superseded the enormously-taxed article, which was
formed with water. The duty was 700 or 800 per cent.
on the original value of the article. The duty on cotton
wool was repealed by Sir Robert Peel in cones-
pence of the strong representations made by the
manufacturers of England, although the duty was
only five-sixteenths of a Id, per lb.; he did not object to
that, because he thought the tax was unjust. But the
raw materials of their London journals came from the
sweepings of the mills, and to load it with a tax of lit.
her lb., together with the restrictions he before alluded
to, was a stigma on a country that prided itself on its
freedom. —(Hear.) One of the worst features of the tax
was that it was a tax on labour.—(Hoar.) They were
in the habit of ridiculing the Chinese because they were
in the habit of confining the female foot within the
smallest limits. But did nut they follow a somewhat
similar course in this matter when they c intint d the la-
blur of that class within the smallest pus,ibfc b ,and -?
lie had been told that 30,000 females found 1 CIL p. yinent
in Paris in the manufacture of pap, r be xes, and that
when ladies made purchases their goods ee re not hand. d
to them in whity-brown tercels, but in tastefully made
paper boxes. These boxes came into this country at an
ad valorem duty of 10 per cent., whilst there was a tax
ef 1001. or 2001. per cent. on the raw material if manu-
factured at home.—(hear.) He knew that paper of
various descriptions came into British !loos, and was
sent into British colonies free f eel' duty to the dis-
placement of that which was manufactured in this coon
try, and carrying those beautiful E xeise hieregly plaice
which no. eztle them pass off as a real British article. hid
said that 30,000 tenrales found employment in Puri:, in the
manufacturiof paper box- a; and in the present day, when
they read of such sad and deplorable details of female
wretchedness in this country, owing to the want of em-
ployment, was it right or just to that suffering portion of
the community to discourage a branch of industry which
would give employment to females in the construction
of useful articles, but from which they were now de-
barred by this vile and monstrous law?—(Hear, hear.)
Another class of sufferers from this law were the letter-
press printers. He knew that they suflered great pri-
vations at times both in Edinburgh and iu London, and
that they bore their trials with unexampled pate nce.—
(Hear, hear.) But he hoped the day was not far distant
when the press of this country would be made really
free, and liberated from those trammels which now con•
'fined it.—(Cheers.) They had great encouragement.
Up to 1839 the Government had the monopoly of print-
ing the Holy Scriptures in Scotland. But after the
monopoly was abolished there was an enormous demand
for the Holy Scriptures, and they sold to three times the
extent they did previously.—(Hear, bear.) The mono-
poly still existed in England, and although they pro-
fessed tr make it free from any tax, individuals were
enabled to acquire spacious demesnes, in consequence of
the monopoly being kept up.—(Hear, hear.) The time
for this movement was well chosen. A half century of
great change and extraordinary progress had just
closed, and he rejoiced that the commencement of the
present half century was marked by a movement for the
repeal of the taxes on knowledge.—(Hear, hear.) The
penny postage—a work which entitled Mr. Rowland
Hill to be considered one of the benefactors of the
world—(Loud cheers)—came into operation in the
last half century. The design of the beautiful
palace in Hyde park had been conceived, and all honour
was duo to the illustrious Prince who originated it.—
(-' Hear, hear," " No, no," and hisses.) lie did not
wish to excite discussion on that point. He would only
say that the continuance of the tax on paper was unjust,
and he rejoiced that it would be no longer necessary for
them to go to Prime Ministers or Chancellors of the
Exchequer, from whom they might get but a chilling
reception, but to the people.—(Hear, hear.) He was
glad the venue was changed from Downing-street to the
House of Commons, and he hoped his Hon. Friend Mr.
Gibson would renew next session his motion for the
emancipation of the country from the trammels by which
it was so unjustly crippled.—(Cheers.)
The SECRETARY read the following letters from Mr.
Hume, M.P.:—
" Burnley Hall, Nerfolle, Dec. 26, 1850.
" Sir,—l have this day received your letter request-
ing that I will allow my name to be on the committee of
the Association for the Total Repeal of the Excise Duty
on Paper; and I request that you will assure the
committee that I concur entirely in the policy of
that repeal, and am ready to afford every assistance
in my power towards that most important object.
More the receipt of your letter, I had wiitten pri-
vately to Sir Charles Wood, calling his fete! Con to
the window tax and the tax on paper, as the two first
taxes that ought to be removed; but I have not had any
answer from him as yet. In addition to the reasons as-
signed in the resolutions of the 21st inst. fur the repeal
of the paper tax, I have stated to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer the importance of the repeal to the cause of
education and national instruction, towards which the
total repeal of excise laws on paper would be most im-
portant. 'Whilst the general desire of the well-informed
persons in the country is now directed to remove igno-
rance, to lessen crime, and to raise the moral and social
condition of the masses of the people, by education; and
whilst the Parliament is voting annually 300,0001. from
the taxes towards the education and improvement of the
people, it is an error and inconsistency, quite unpardon-
able, to retain upon paper the heavy tax now levied, and
thus to counteract the very object which the wisest
policy of Parliament has declared it necessary for the
public welfare, &c., to be followed. That reason alone
ought to induce the House of Commons to repeal the tax
upon paper; but, when all the other reasons stated in
your resolutions, ard also in a pamphlet this day pub-
lished by Charles Knight, eetitted the 'Case of the
Authors as regards the Paper Deny,' are brought for-
ward, I am sanguine of success. If the committee shall
be of opinion that my name es a committeeman would
be useful to forward the object, I very willingly agree to
their request; but as I cannot attend to the proceedings
of the committee, I do not wish to incur any reponi
bility as to expenses. I shall not be in Londobnhii Ii tii hc
first week in February, but, when io London, • 11
~.
cor-
dially co-operate with the committee for the total repeal
" I remain, your obedient,s,efosysantr,li
" Mr. George Huggett, Secretary, ezc.
" Burnley
Hall, Norfolk, I).c. 23, 1350.
" Sir,—l request you will state my regret that en-
gagements preclude my being in London to attend the
entirelytastticle of
re concur in
meeting on Thursdapyolni
ceyx,t, ,
abnudt t
removing the
the propriety, the
'excise duty from paper, and giving that branch of ma-
nufacture, and all the others that are effected by the tax,
the chance of fair competition with the world. The en-
tire repeal must be obtained; and the necessary publicity

they new stood on she geoulid:?fper, tad he a1,F„06,1
uli from Doing.etreet to the aster of Dueuing-street
public.—(llear.) lie would call their attentiets
to the nature and ration of this tea. There was a
.-etTereuce in the operation of a tax upuu the value of the
article. In the case of gold and silver manufactueem, for
instance, the tax would bear principally upon the article
itself; but in paper the tax was upon refuse, disused,
and discarded matter, which, by the application of la-
bour, the papermaker converted into useful and elegant
productions. To what other purpose could rags be
turned? None. But the art of the papermaker trans-
forced the refuse of the dung-heaps into the elaborate
ornaments of the writing-table. In the case of cotton
the Government properly repealed the tax, for the raw
material could not live with the burden. In this case
300 per cent, lay upon the labour of the conversion of
the worthless raw material into articles of value and
utility, and could it be conceived that such an amount
of tax should press upon worthl.-F.4 rngs through the pro-
C7SS of nr tnutaCture, to the Oingiiiticebt papier machi
ornaments ahtch adomei ttiv habitations of the wualt try.
If this tax we re rc peeled employ meat would he drill to
500 000 additional 11 11 '3. The reipl4l tow told the
(.I..ivernment tl at there wits a surplus 3,000,000/. iu
their hauds.—(Nlorte) S) much stronger the „4u,,l,Tit
for the repeal. The repeal the h,
said, give emp'oyment t") 5f,)1..000
the exclusive manuf..ciure G. pap r, nut
and ortiameetal articles, in paper moot i and other ,
.or it was incalculable to woat new oyes paper mio,,
be employed. Mr. I.lilrthvviek then referr. tt to enygra
in], an:l observed that in Aria,rriea th c wt re f cp from
such ins positions, while in England the Gov•!rnincht said
to these 500,000 people that they might t A inerica
or any where they liked where they could get 1)41 14
their labour. 13iG this vraA laying the nee to the sere
root of the national prosperity, e w it was the labour of
England that made London the metropolis of the world.
—(lleer, hear.) Paper carried thought from mind t•
mind, and was the medium through which knowledge
passed from one class to the other. hooker had said
that a man should live wisely and virtuously, but that
he must first find the means to live. Every tax that pressed
upon human food detracted from knowledge. Suppose a
man had not to pay 2s, 2id. win a pound of tea, be
would buy a Dickens's Household Words, or perhaps
would buy a newspaper. Then there was the tax upon
the newspapers which must come off, but as they were
met to consider only the repeal of the duty on paper,
he would not pursue that subject. Every other tax
might be considered at other times and places, but it
must be remembered that a penny tax ou newspapers
only pressed upon one class of knowledge—(No, no)

must be given to the evils resulting to society from the
tax, t) assist us in Parliament in demanding the repeal.
" I remade your obedient servant,
" JOSEPH HUME.
" Mr. George Huggett, Secretary, &c."
Mr. J. CASSELL moved the liret resolution, as fol-
io,. : —" Toat in the opinion of this meeting the duty
on paper is pinplianicAlly a tax upon and industry,
is it inert area the cost of an article of general con-
intppft n, and limits the lief 1 of pro:lnc:ion, thus inter-
tering with the ereployment of the clpital and labour
ing,gal in a great variety of trades and occupations,
and istr le,s directly hut mot injuriously the in-
terests of the puhite et large; arid that in its effects
it IS vexatious and incept:l, necessarily creating
riela.ys and difliculti,s in the wcty, tenth of the manufac-
tun r and the consumer." The object they had in view
Tr as identified, not only with the commercial trosi,erity
of the country, but with its moral and intellectual wai-
f /le, and as such was deserving of the c;-operation of
all wino were intcrest,,d in the national weal.—(lloar,
heir.) It was a Tiestion, also, in which the labour of
the people was invOlvt d, a; it threw thousands Out of em-
ployment, who but for this tax would be occupied. In
these opinions he fully concurred, but ho supported the
movement, on the ground also that it would he in ac-
cordance with sound policy to effect the removal of this
tax. If paper was dug in reams out of a (parry, this
tax would be unjust, considering the purposes to which
it was applied.—(Hear, hear.) When they recollected
that the beautiful fabric on which they entered their
correspondence, and upon which the volumes and the
newspapers they read were printed, was made from a
material which was valueless in itself, being, in fact,
the very refuse of their workshops, and that it was by
labour alone that it acquired its value, it could not
be denied that this tax was unjust and illegiti-
mate, and he did net know how a Government pro-
fessing to be the disciples of economic science, and
really desiring to free labour from the trammels by
which it was beset, could support the continuance of
such a tax. (Hear, hear.) If the British public only
understood the question-in it. commercial bearings, in-
dependent of it. effect upon knowledge, he did not be-
lieve they would endure the continuance of the tax for
another day. It was not the individual engaged in the
manufacture of the article who alone suffered; every
branch of industry in which paper was employed was
affected likewise.—(Hear, bear.) It entered most ex-
tensively into other branches of trade, even to the manu-
facture of button moulds and hooks and eyes. He had
seen an extract in a Birmingham paper in which it was
stated that 30,0001. had been paid in duty in manufac-
turing what cost only 9,6001, and that one merchant
alone paid 600/. for the paper in which the goods which
he sent out to America were wrapped up.—(Loud
cheers.) He believed that if the tax were taken off
the consumption of paper would be doubled, and he be-
lieved there,were not less than 160,000 persons engaged
in its manufacture. See how unjustly this tax affected
the publisher. He used a certain quantity of paper,
but suppose only half the impression was disposed of he
got no drawback on the half that remained unsold.—
(Hear.) He was in the habit of publishing a great
many almanacs, and to a very great extent; but, sup-
pose that some thousands of them remained unsold he
got no consideration whatever. The tax to the manu-
facturer was lkd. per lb., and 5 per cent. added; but the
tax to the public was higher, because it was a tax upon
a tax. Mr. Cassell then referred to the amount of ca-
pital employed in the manufacture of paper by the
makers of tha article, after whom came the wholesale
stationer, who required a large amount of capital to put
him in a position to transact his business with the mauu-
facturers, and thus, in the aggregate, a great amount of
capital was invested in this department of our manu-
factures, Those engaged in it must have not only a pro-
fit upon the material they used, but upon the amount of
tax they paid. The wholesale stationers had often bad
debts upon their books, and half of those debts they
had paid to the Government in taxation, for the Go-
veremant had no bad debts, and no risks; they took
good care of that, and consequently the public
must bear them.—(Hear.) Therefore, as far as
regarded the public it was not merely a tax of
20 per cent, upon paper, but a tax upon all concerned
with it. He devoted himself to this cause because he
looktd upon paper as the means of communicating
knowledge to the people. On that ground he took his
stand, and he should rejoice if the movement was sue
cessful in knocking off one of the trammels which en-
thralled the press, and he hoped the day was not far
oft when the press of England would be entirely free.—
(Hear; hear.) It had been said that the working classes
were not interested in the repeal of the tax, and that the
repeal would not affect them much; but he coatkded
that the working classes Mt very much the oppressive
bearing of this and the other taxes upon knowledge.—
(Hear, hear.) If it were not for this tax, the people of
England would be suLplied with the higher class of
fi•erature, at prices wi hin their moans of buying. Ff,r
himself he was only an amateur printer, kno-s i:rg little
of details, but using the printing press as the means et
diffusing inform ition throughout the kingdom. 1F
felt that this tax crippled his efF);.ts in this respect.
lle was publishing a history of England f tr the
working cllsses, which was brought out in sixpr nay
volumes ; and when the work was cAnpleted
the tax paid to the Government would not be It as than
200/. Ti the tax were repelled it would eneble the
publishers of cheap literature to employ toed pay the
first authors of the day, and to is sue their pubincritiorir
in a neat and hanuseine garb that would ad nil the
shelties of the working classes. lie could tell them that
there was nearly 3001. of taxation upon every impression
of the Working illan's Friend. It had been alleged that
if the tax were taken off the country would be flooded
with the vilest publications; but his opinion was pre-
cisely the reverse, for he believed if the tax were taken
off that the people of England would not be bamboozled
with cant and balderdash; they would demand good
and sound literature—(Hear, hear)—and if it acre
given to them they would understand it- As it was
they would prefer the translation of French literature to
our 'own bad and trashy writing. In his own case he
had given iu the Working Man's Friend an opportunity.
to the working classes to write in that periodical for
themselves, and the result had been that 596 articles had
been furnished by the working men of England in the
course of ten mouths.—(Hear, hear.) Ile had not been
able to insert the whole of those articles, but he had
printed and published 130 of them, all of
.which
had been contributed by blacksmiths, colliers,
and almost all sorts of working men. To
those mon he had awarded prizes and 130
books in payment of their w; iting, and 130 volumes
had been given away. In no case had he been called
upon in the distribution for a low class of literature, but
on the contrary for the very highest that could be com-
manded. It was evident, therefore, that if the working
classes possessed a cheap and healthy literature they
would buy their magazine or newspaper to read at home
instead of going into all sorts of places to spend their
money. Ile could not but feel anxious for this move-
ment, and could not see why it should not be successful;
for how c uld a Government resist such an appeal? The
Government had taken off the duty on various inanfae-
tures—for instance, from leather, glass, and bricks, and
from foreign wood to be made into furniture—and had
even taken off the duty of 5 -16ths of ld. upon raw cotton.
Therefore, looking to these circumstances, and to the
purposes to which paper was applied, he thought the
Government could not resist this appeal. In 1834 the
amount of paper paying duty was 70,589,0001 b., and in
1946, after the duty had been reduced, the quantity upon
which duv was paid was 127 millions, so that the con-
sumption had increased upwards of 80 per teat. If the
duty were totally repealed the consumption would be
doubled only in the way of education. He appealed to
all who were interested in the moral elevation of the
people to unite in th© object of that meeting. The Go-
,vernment might wish to retain this and all other taxes
impeding education, but if they resisted this appeal
they would stand forward convicted of hypocrisy. They
voted 100,000/. for education, but they took 300,000/.
from that which should communicate education to
the people. He appealed to the mechanibs' institutes
to support this movement, and locked even to the mi-
nisters of the gospel for sanction and co-operation. He
should do all in his power to help the movement, not
only as one pledged to free trade, but as one who wished
to see the elevation of that class from which he himself
had sprang.—(Cheers.)
Mr. PETER BonTuwack seconded the resolution. In
this time of largely diffused knowledge, and consequently
of widely differing opinions, there were points in the
wide field of political science upon 1 7f.
Ghtunliorri s
rvshi
enocrtronhun
ifeinr
to
rtmyl
:ownhi
opi-
nions could not exist. The question they had meta
consider seemed to him to be one of those pollen
(Hear, hear.) The object was to decide whether lon
peal should be made to her Majesty's
working classes
ensuing session, as their first duty to the.
°tee reported. That
honour they had in-
to the commerce and manufactures o.
whe-
ther they meant to pay the debt of h
theTh mostaThat
Commit-
tee urgent
curred when Sir H. Parnell 's Consort
Committee sat for the purpose of inquiring
h
of all the excise duties the people
third was paper.—(Hear,
first was glass,
claim
repartee
puoprot
end
ttheh r
eGeo Government rantohmses
°et:
efor reief.duties—the
Government of that day, like certain
thought that there was nothing like
htheear.s)econTdheleh
wise persons, thou,.
acc,cnoar,d.ininngly
thteheyGboevgearnnmewnitt,h
becauseleather.
lieleathedri.l annodt
that was after all a very good beginning. The Govern-
ment next repealed the duty on glass, and all would re-
member the clovent speech of the late Sir R. Peel on
that occasion; and the Premier had referred to the
Crystal Palace nowereeted in Hyde-park---(Some expres-
sions of (11314-L10—upon which there appeared to be some
difference of opinion in the meeting—(Hear, hear)—but
here was,certainly a "great fact," that a glorious build•
log had beets made of glass, and assuming the object of
that building to be approved of, ho appealed to them
whether when the duty was on they could have a palace
erected of glass? It would have been impossible unless
that duty had been rep aled.—(Elear, hear.) From this
might be seen what advantage arose from the repeal,
which had enabled a large mass of labour to be employed
upon an object which a former age had not foreseen.
But all the arguments applicable in favour of the repeal
of the duties on leather and glass applied with tenfold
force to the case of paper. No wonder the Govern-
ment had begun at the wrong end in the repeal of those
taxes, for that was always the way with Governments.
They were tolerably sure to begin at the wrong end, and
so they had in the cases of leather,,glass, and paper. But

—while the paper tax was a burden upon all. Ile was
told by Mr. Crompton, the paper manufacturer, that a
meeting bad been held in Manchester for the repeal of
the tax, and that 2001. hail been collected to carry out
the movement. He hoped they would all unite to effect
the repeal of the obnoxious tax. Let them direct their
energies upon this object alone, and when it was abo-
lished the other taxes on knowledge would soon give
way.—(Hear.) It was stated by Mr. Crompton that the
paper was detained in the mill by the Excise longer than
it took him to buy the raw material and manufacture it
into paper.—(Hear.)
The resolution was put and carried unanimously.
Mr. PEDDER moved the next resolution r—" That
this meeting is further of opinion that the duty en
paper, by adding to the cost, and consequently in-
creasing the price of books, newspapers, and periodi-
cals, impedes the progress of knowledge, and education
of the people." He regretted that there were any per-
sons amongst the paper trade and wholesale stationers
who opro,ed this motion, as it appeared from the open.
ing observations of the cheireaan that some of them
did. But any class interest of that kind would give
way before the perseverance] of the people.—(Hear,
hear.) The resolution which he proposed referred
particularly to the injury done by the tax on paper to
the dissemination of knowledge. There was no doubt
it had such an effect, and it was en that ground he
opposed the tax. The injury of the tax to labour, im-
portant as it was, sunk into insignificance as compared
with the injury of the tax as it affected knowledge. Let
but the people get access to knowledge of a sound kind,
and they would then be able to take care that no taxes
should seriously interfere with their comforts.—(Hear.)
A higher class of literature would be presided tor the
people, and the vile class of literature on which they
now fed would be pushed from its place.—(Hear, hear.)
At present but few respectable writers would run the
risk of the responsibility of entering upon the field of
cheap literature. But do away with this tax, and the
higher class of writers would then be induced to cater
for the letter tastes of the people.—(Hear, hear.) Mr.
Pedder concluded by reading an extract from Mr. C
Knight's recent pamphlet, showing the evils of the tax
on paper as it affected the spread of knowledge amongst
the working c lams.
Mr. Leestersr, p: op ieleor of the Illustrated London
News, seconded the resolution. He considered that the
evils'of the taxes on paper had been much understated.
Oilethe re e luCon being put,
Mr. lloraoa.xx rote to inure the following addition
by way of amendment:—" That this meeting is further
of opinion that the stamp duty on newspapers and the
advertisement duty, by adding to the cult, and cones-
quen•ly increasing the price and deteriorating the qua-
lity:of books, newspa2ere, and periodical., impedes the
progress of knowledge cud- education a the people."
!Ills was au addition rather than amendment, and he
hoped it would rot be considered us being offered for the
urpose of opposition. lie was reedy to endorse every-
thing that had been said with regard to the tax on paper,
but evry word that had been umied applied with
grosser lurce to the two Nxes name I in the amendment
than to the tax which was alone referred to in the reso-
lution.—(hear, ar.) The resolutioi,, with lie amend-
ment Et iched, was mute likely to enlist the
eneral smptiiihy of the people. (Ili•ar, hear.)
It vrinild prertiv, this from being consul-red a class
Inorsinelit, and wi utd lerce it to the dignity of one
reposing on public prit.cipl,>.—(llear, hear.) He be-
ll( red that those ho otiginut, the resolution meant
well to the working ela‘ses.: but, as Dr. Johnson said,
then the more they ifaca.it the better.—({tear, hear, and
laught,r.) Ot Iste.years the public interest bad suf-
fered from there being too many parties.—(llear, hear.)
He wanted that this question should not suffer from
there being too many parties. There was no necessity
for forming a separate party to carry this question in
its larger aspect, for the people of this country were al-
ready on one aide.—(Cheers.) He believed that the
stamp on newspapers not only kept knowledge from the
people, but it caused their political terms to be imported
from France. There was no room for the free growth
of their genuine national language. Some gentlemen
said that this measure would give the people employ-
ment, but the fact was that the people had too much
work to do.—(Bear, hear.) It they looked well at the
question it would be found that by proper com-
bination less work might be done for the
same payment, arid then the surplus might fairly fall to
the share of the unemployed. There were certainly
good cheap publications—as the Household Words—
but what the people wanted was the political knowledge
which would save them from depredation.—(Cheers.)
They were not refused their rights, because they bad
not read the Penny Cy'opeedia or Chanibers's
.Journal but because they had not the necessary politi-
cal information for legislation. They ought, therefore.
to be given information in connexion with the events of
the day and hour.—(Hear, hear.) The gentlemen ou
the platform well knew that the poor man could not
now obtain a newspaper. Only the rich man could have
a newspaper, and was the working man, when he was
condemned to feed upon garbage., to be blamed for the
depravity of his taste ?—(Cheers.) Mr. Milner Gibson
would put the whole question before the Government
and the House of Commons, and it would be shown pre-
sently there was a chance of all three of these proposi-
tions being carried. He deprecated confining -the move-
-meut to the repeal of the paper duty alone, and advo-
cated the inclusion of the repeal of the other two duties
in their demand, because it would make the question
more general and natural.
Mr. COLLET seconded the ameaindd(minrete,rfion,rg.t)he
Hr sa sboen.
that a tax was laid on the working man by the opera-
tion of these duties. The working classes of this eeun-
try would meddle with politics.—(Cheers.) Rightly or
wrongly, wisely or foolishly, usefully or mischievously,
they would have something more to dtohoenwyitwrhanoaadrtlhldiealmniltaeert,
than to obey them.—(Cheering.) At the risk even
. of
their interests, and even of their lives,
fere with matters of law and government,
de-
pended upon the Government,
whether that interference should be for goou or r
efo evil,-
apr
luetms
udigli7ditiot listen to charlatans
some (-t
remarks upon the unstamped
ifioarr
et they eayicthoumldr.ncoht
that if the people had
a perfectly
and
rtuaeka.freeApftreersss,othey would
a paper called the Free •
holder, and shoning
prev, and giving the y
the st
what an enormous amount of dutyholder,
would be due from those to the Government were it en-
forced, he questioned whether it was wise to appeal for
an abrogation of the paper duty only, without including
or e
with it an application for the repeal of all the taxes on
knowledge.
The CHAIRMAN said that he believed all concurred in
the opinion that the proposition of Mr. Holyoake was
rather an addition than an amendment. As he and the
meeting generally approved of the object it had in view,
there would be no objection to its forming part of the
resolution.—(Cheers.)
Mr. AIILNER Ginsoze, M.P.,.said he had been called
on to explain his presence at that meeting in support of
the movement for the repeal of the simple duty on paper.
whilst in his place in Parliament he had appended to and
united with that object the repeal of the newspaper
stamp, the advertisement duty, and the duty on the im-
port of foreign books. He wished to state that he was
guided in his conduct by what he believed to beabe best
course to be adopted in reference to what the eouatil
required for its welfare—the repeal of all the taxellsona
knowledge. He brought forward the question
whole because he saw something like a principle,_m
iwposinon of a tax
(Hear, hear.) He did not put it as a que.siiou ef surplus
and that, there-
lrepdlgu
es ;wbau3tnlniet
asoaitlathiant tphoelicy,
°oil knowledge
fore, whether there was a surplus or no surplus, ft was
the duty of those who had the conduct of public affairs
to make such financial arrangements as would enable
Parliament to dispense with a description of taxes which
were unfit to remain a permanent source of revenue
(Hier, hear.) lie knew from experience, also, that it
%as a good
plan to ask for all you want, but to take
without giving a release in full.—
what
tgbytoeu can
(Laughter.) Le ewould not refuse an instalment, but
he would not in consequence forego the right at all
times to demand payment of the whole debt. Those
three questions—the paper duty, the newspaper-stamp
duty, and the advertisement duty—had usually been
more or less linked together.—(Hear, hear.) When Sir
Edward Lytton Bulwer brought the question before Par-
liament, though not intending then to (include the paper
duty, he moved generally to the effect that the taxes on
knowledge were injurious to the public interests. If he
succeeded in that motion, he would afterwards have to
move resolutions referring to each apecifically.—(ilear.
hear.) He (Mr. Gibson) pursued nearly the same
course, as that whioh was most likely to enlist the