The Sun.
London, England, 1851-09-02 00:00:00

SEPTEMBER 2. 1851

It occupies a prominent place in the page of the poli-
tical history of the last three years. With the pain-
ful experience of the past so fresh in the memories of
German and Italian revolutionists, and myriads of
their number being still suffering in their own per-
sons from the effects of the events which succeeded
the risings of 1848, it would indeed ba strange were
the friends of popular progress in Germany and Italy
not to weigh well, in time, in anticipation of coming
convulsions, what they will do when those convulsions
have taken place. We are not in their secrets. The
precise course of procedure which they have resolved
on adopting is, we presume, known only to the few
who is all such cases lead the multitude. But
we cannot doubt that they have determined
on a definite course, end that all their plans for
carrying out their views are perfectly matured.
The friends of freedom in Germany, whether in
Austria or Prussia, have this reflection to invigorate
and sustain them, in whatever course they easy
have fixed on—that they will not again have to en-
counter the hostility of those Conservatives who, in
1848, sided with the vanquished monarchs, with the
view of preventing the excesses to which hey natu-
rally enough apprehended the triumphant Liberals
would carry matters. Men of intelligence and pro-
perty, both in Austria and Prussia, will now pursue
a very different course. The conviction has been
forced on them, that German monarchs do not profit
from the lessons of experience. And not only so, but
that they have no respect for the sacredness of solemn
pledges, nor even for the obligations of oaths deliber-
ately taken.i The sovereigns of Austria and Prussia
came under the most explicit and most solemn
pledges, to administer the affairs of their respective
countries in consonance with constitutional princi-
ples. And the Conservative portion of their subjects
thought, that by so far siding with them as to pre-
vent the excesses to which the Democratic party
were disposed to push matters, they would be in-
suring the permanent peace and prosperity of their
country. They believed that their Governments
would in future be conducted on constitutional prin-
ciples. They have been cruelly deceived. They
must feel thoroughly convinced, that no faith is to
be placed in their Princes. They are a perfidious
race. When, therefore, the impending revolution has
been accomplished in Germany—in Austria and
Prussia both—the Conservatives will not again iden-
tify themselves with the upholders of the existing
dynasties, but will allow matte: i to 'like their course.
They may, and doubtless will, dot ore the extremes
to which Democracy, when it has again got the upper
hand, may carry matters • but they will deem that
the least of two evils. They will cherish the hope
that any excesses which may attend the earlier days
of a new revolution will give way before the more
sober reflections even of Democracy ; whereas to re-
store the existing Governments of Austria and Prussia,
even were that possible, would only be to sow the
seeds of other revolutions, each proving more terrible
than those which preceded it. And with regard to
Rome, all we have said with respect to Austria and
Prussia applies with equal force to the Roman States.
Even in 1848 the Conservatives of Rome could not,
by their own efforts, have restored the miserable im-
becile who fills the Papal chair. It was done by the
bayonets of France. France, we may rest satisfied,
will not repeat the game of 1848. She heartily re-
pents of her conduct on that occasion. It only tem-
porarily served the cause of the Papacy : it has done
herself irreparable damage. She will not interpose
on behalf of the Roman Pontiff again. When the
Pope is got rid of next time, he will be got rid o
finally and for ever.
THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

Yesterday 2,4654 10s. was the sum taken at the
doors of the building, the number of visitors being
50,238. Singularly enough, the sale of season tickets
still continues, and in the diurnal bulletin of receipts
81. 103. figures as realised from that source. The ex-
pediency of a reduction in the charges of admission
is now attracting much attention, and it becomes ob-
vious that one half-crown day in the week would be
sufficient. Some of the authorities still hesitate about
the propriety of bringing the price down lower than
a shilling under any circumstances ; but when it is
considered that a large proportion of the labouring
classes in the metropolis have not yet visited the spec-
tacle which their industry has largely helped ,to
create, it is to be hoped that some arrangements may
be made for enabling them to gratify their curiosity
in this matter. If the workman could be expected to
go alone to the Crystal Palace, the present charge
would raise no serious obstacle ; but he naturally
wishes to bring his family along with him, that they
may share in his delight ; and why should he not be
indulged in that laudable desire ? At least the ex-
periment might be tried, and if it does not answer it
will be easy to return to the old system.
Notwithstanding the short remaining space of time
during which the great display is to remain open to
the public, additional contributions of great interest
and value continue to arrive from abroad. A ship's
load from Sweden has just been announced, and will
be added to the department of that country in a day
or two. Several chef-d' auvres of art, also, have re-
cently been received, and among them one of sur-
passing merit by the celebrated Dutch sculptor, Van
der Yen, representing the Temptation of Eve. It is
placed in the nave, and attracts an immense amount
of attention. The treatment of the subject is bold
and original, the form of the first woman being deve-
loped with a freedom, grace, and life-like effect which
cannot be too highly praised. It is rarely that so
wonderful a specimen of the plastic art is to be seen
in this country, and one of its chief excellences is
that in its composition there is no trace of that dis-
position to borrow from the classic styles of antiquity,
instead of relying upon nature, which so often de-
tracts from the merit of modern sculpture. Mr.
Spense, an English artist at Rome, has also lately
contributed a statue of Burns' " Highland Mary,"
which is much and justly admired. The Executive
Committee still continue to receive numerous appli-
cations for admission into the British department of
the Exhibition, which, however, they always reject.
These are made chiefly with the object of obtaining
the advantages of patent right secured to exhibitors
for a year.
Yesterday morning an interesting series of expe-
riments took place at the west end of the building
for the purpose of determining the relative merits
of Porter's and Rogers' anchors. The trials made
were conducted in the presence of Mr. Lindsay, the
well-known shipowner, but no satisfactory conclusion
was arrived at, and it was arranged that the Ad-
miralty should be invited to examine and decide
upon a question in which the whole marine of this
country is so largely interested. Both the anchors
thus brought into competition appear to have a
decided superiority over that of Sir William Parker,
which is the one chiefly used in the navy. They
differ, however, materially from each other i❑ the
principles of their construction, the patent of Lieu-
tenant Rogers having its arms and flukes of a
wedge-like shape, while in Porter's patent the arms
move upon a pivot in such a way that while one
holds on the ground the fluke of the other presses
upon the shank, thus increasing the power of re•
sistance.

The mean temperature during the day, according
to the readings of 13ennett's thermometers, was
69.6.-111°m/11g Paper.

REMARKABLE PHENOMENON. SHIPSTON•ON-
STOUa.—It is not a little remarkable that a second crop of
wheat, which is now in flower, has sprung up in those fields
that were either much injured or entirely destroyed, by the
late terrible hail-storm. And even in those fields which
were mown after the storm, a second crop has sprung up,
and appears likely to be ready for the sickle by the latter
end of September. In those cases where the first crop was
left standing it is considerable, and the farmers are much
puzzled in deciding whether the first crop should be sacri-
ficed to secure the second, or the second to secure the first,
as both cannot be secured. It unfortunately happens, in
several cases, after the wheat was mown, either the ground
was ploughed, or cattle were turned upon it to eat the
springing blade. This was done, of course, in ignorance of
the extraordinary compensating power of nature in the vege-
tab:e world, in the case of injury, or apparent destruction.._
Oxford Chronicle.

[ADVERTISEMENT].—THE GREAT EXHIBITION.—
A valuable newly invented very small powerful waistcoat-
pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be
seen and known 1# mile distant, they answer every pur-
pose on the race-course, at the opera-houses, country scenery,
and ships, are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles, they are in-
valuable for Hunting, Shooting, Deer Stalking, Yachting, to
Sportsmen, Gentlemen, Game Keepers, and Tourists— To be
had at Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, Opticians, 39, Albermarle-
street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel. Telescopes A
new and most important invention in telescopes possessing
such extraordinary powers, that some, 3 inches, with an
extra eye piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's
Ring, and the double stars, with the same Telescepe, weighing
only three ounces, can be seen a person's countenance, 3 miles
distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles, they supersede
every other kind for the Waistcoat pocket, and are of larger,
and all sizes with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and
Race-course glasses, with wonderful powers; an object can be
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. Invaluable preserv-
ing Spectacle Lenses. The Invisible Organic Vibrator, and
all kinds of Acoustic instruments for relief of extreme deafness.
—39, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel.

EGLINTON PARR MEETING.—As the time ap-
proaches for this the finest meeting in Scotland the excite-
ment in Ayrshire and the west becomes very great. The
entries and stakes are unparalleled in Scotland for number
and value. A large party of nobility are to meet at Eglin-
ton, exceeding in rank and numbers any who have assem-
bled here since the world-famed tournament. Among others,
his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, the Marquis of
Waterford, the Marquis of Drogheda, Lord Strathmore,
Lord Airlie, Lord Colville, Lord Cardross, Lord Glasgow,
Baron Osten, Sir James Boswell, ac., have horses entered
for the various events, and are expected to honour the race-
course with their presence. It must be highly gratifying to
the sporting circles in Scotland to see the energy and ability
with which the Eglinton races are carried out, showing our
friends over the border that, besides sending Scotch horses to
win their best stakes, a racecourse and meet can be provided
at borne for the gratification of our countrymen rivalling their
gayest and most valuable assemblies. There will be six
races on the first and second days and five on the third, the
latter principally steeplechases.—North British Mail.
THE TEA TRADE, SEPT. I.—There was a falling
off last week in the London deliveries of about 41,0001 b.,
compared with the previous week, the quantity being
07512881b.,Y4 1491Y0Yerr i 4 A fa ilyerAge.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.
ST. ANDREW'S.
The first general meeting of this company was held
recently at St. Andrew's.; Mr.W. Smith in the chair.
The report stated that the actual sum subscribed for
was 17,1301., leaving yet 3,8701. to he subscribed for
in order to make up the capital of 21,000/, An
amicable settlement with the proprietors of land
along the proposed line was now being proceeded
with, and the directors fully anticipated that the
line would beformed without having one single lawsuit.
The CHAIRMAN stated that an agreement bad been
entered into provisionally with the Edinburgh, Perth,
and Dundee Railway Company to work the line fur
a period of twenty-five years, the first charge on the
receipts being the maintenance of ways and works,
the taxes, salaries, wages, and interest of borrowed
money, and other expenses ; the second charge will
be 41 per cent. on the capital of 25,0001. After
these two payments the Edinburgh and Dundee
Company will receive at the rate of is. per mile per
train for working the traffic, a passenger-train not to
exceed five carriages, a mixed train eight carriages,
and a mineral train not to exceed ten waggons or
trucks, and for any additional number of trucks or
carriages a rate proportionally higher to be paid.
Any surplus remaining after these payments to be
equally divided between the two companies. The
business to be conducted under the superintendence
of a joint committee.
Tae report was adopted, the directors named in the
Act were continued in office, and after a vote of
thanks to the chairman the meeting separated.