The Sun.
London, England, 1851-09-11 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON,

WEST INDIAN AND MEXICAN MAILS.
We have received Martinique journals to the 6th
of August. They bring startling accounts of a
frightful eruption of the long dormant volcano of the
Pelee Mountain in that island, which took place
during the night of the sth ult. The St. Lucia
Palladium contains the subjoined account of the oc-
currence :
" Like the great and memorable eruption of the St.
Vincent Soufriere, in 1812, the phenomenon at Marti-
nique 'is described as having • been accompanied
with ' a noise similar to the approach of thun-
der, still nearer and nearer, with a vibration that
effected the feelings and hearing.' It appears, how-
ever, that, beyond a layer of grey sand, gritty particles of
calcined earth and favilla, found in the morning upon the
streets, houses, and shipping, as having been thrown
forth by the volcano in the night, the people of St.
Pierre were, up to our last accounts, uninformed of the
effects of the phenomenon."
The following extract of a private letter gives
some idea of the eruption :

" St. Pierre, Aug. 6.
" A strange rumbling noise was heard last night,
which continued from about midnight to four o'clock
this morning. At daylight this morning wo observed
three streaming chimneys of smoke on the Pe! 6)
mountain. One of these was of black smoke, re-
sembling the smoke from a steam-ship, though ten
times more voluminous than the chimney of our
steam-frigate. The other two were formed of a whitish
smoke. I assure you I never before saw anything so
grand. The town is all covered over with grey ashes.
A great many persons have gone to the mount, but can-
not reach it before night. There has been no shock of
earthquake felt; but persons living in the neighbour•
hood declare that they were driven from their homes by
the strong smell of sulphur and the fear of danger from
their vicinity to the eruption."
Another letter of the same date says :
" We had, daring the night, an eruption of the vol-
cano on Mount Pelee. The whole town, as far as the
Mottillage, as well as all the surrounding country, is
covered over with ashes. The population of Precheur
had to fly their homes during the night and come the
whole way to St. Pierre. As for my family, it was not
until rising this morning we heard of the occurrence,
there not having been, thank God, any earthquake. It
is not possible as yet to give you any particulars of this
phenomenon or its effects; you will soon have them in
the journals. It may, however, be inferred that no ca-
lamitous result has arisen from it, for, had there been
any, we should have known it by this time.
" The Pelee Mountain, which is the highest land in
Martinique, stands at the north of the island, and, ac-
cording to the map published by Royal authority in
1831 is represented as having an altitude of 4,438 Eng-
lish feet from the level of the sea. It is from this moun-
tain chiefly that the numerous springs issue by which the
island is watered; and, although strikingly charac-
terised with the indelible marks of an ancient volcano,
we do not remember to have ever fallen in with the re-
cord of any of its eruptions. It is to be hoped that
among those inhabitants stated to have been attracted to
the side of the volcano by its recent eruption some sci-
entific explorer will be found to enlighten us with the
result of his observations on so interesting a phenomenon.
" There is said to be an identity of origin in earth-
quakes and volcanic eruptions—a connexion more or less
intimate in the agency of the one with the other. In the
case of Etna and Vesuvius it is recorded they rarely re-
turn to a state of activity after an interval of repose
without some antecedent earthquake, the latter usually
ca,Asing so soon as the volcano has once established for
i'cself a vent whereby the elastic vapours can discharge
themselves. So, too, we have seen that the earthquake
which destroyed Carstens in 1812, at the same time that
the shores of the Mississippi were in sympathetic com-
motion, was followed in eight days by the memorable
eruption of the Soufriere in Se Vincent. May it not,
then, be hoped that the awful oscillations of the earth,
almost continuously in action during the last two months
at the neighbouring island of Guadeloupe, will now be
at an end?"

We are in possession of our usual dates and corre-
spondence from Jamaica to the 13th of August in-
clusive. The intelligence is of no great importance.
The trial of the parties concerned in the homicide of
Mr. David M‘Lean had been concluded iit Kingston,
when a verdict of "Manslaughter" was returned
against two men, named Thomas Cushnie end Thomas
Cooper, who were severally sentenced to three years'
iraprisonment with hard labour in the General Peni-
tentiary. All the others were acquitted. The trial
of the rioters at the late St. David's election, on which
occasion the tragic occurrence which resulted in the
death of Mr. M'Lean took place, was also concluded
after two days' hearing of evidence. The prisoners, with
a few exceptions, were all found guilty of riot, and some
of riot and assault. The Learned Judge commented in
strong terms upon the conduct of the prisoner 3, and
sentenced each of them to eighteen months' imprison-
ment in the county gaol, excepting one named Carr,
who had acted as a ringleader of the mob ; he was
sentenced to be confined in the same place for the
space of two years. In consequence of an accident
which befell Justice Macdougall, the Surrey Insol-
vent Debtors' Court, which should have been held in
Kingston on Monday, the 1I th of August, had to be
postponed to next January. A rumour had been
current in Kingston that his Excellency Sir Charles
Grey had suddenly called up his servants and notified
to them that he would soon have no further services
for them.

Vrom Mexico we have no news of importance.
The partisans of Santa Anna were said to be exert-
ing themselves to procure his ascendency, but it was
believed their efforts would be futile.

The subjoined letter from Greytown contains some
interesting particulars from that part of the American
continent, to which considerable importance is now
atbuched:—

" Since my last communication the port of Greytown
has presented a scene of bustle and excitement altoge-
ther new to the coast. This was occasioned by the
launch of the Sir Henry Bulwer, th© first of the river
steamers for the Nicaraguan route. The vessel is built
of iron, was brought out in three sections from the States,
and put altogether in this harbour, together with
another which is now almost ready. She draws
only 18 inches water, is 106 feet long, and
propelled by a stern wheel. The advantage of this
latter plan is very obvious in inland river navigation,
where obstructions of various kinds are to be so con-
stantly met with. Her utmost speed is ten knots per
hour, and she can stow away more than one hundred
passengers. The trial trip came off on the 28st inst.,
and on the arrival of the Prometheus she received on
board the first batch of Californians and commenced
the ascent of the San Juan river. The inhabitants of
Greytown watched anxiously her progress over the
shoals, the depth of water being scarcely two feet, and
at one time fears were entertained that she would fail,
particularly in crossing a sandbank abreast of the
town. In crossing this she stuck for a few
minutes, until the commander of her Majesty's
schooner Bermuda, with his usual promptitude,
manned his boats, came to the rescue, and
astonished the Yankees by actually lifting her over.
Having cleared this shoal, she proceeded up the river,
averaging five knots against the current. They reached
the Castillo rapid next day. This is at present an in-
surmountable obstacle, but means are now being taken
to pass it. At present, by means of a line of small
steamers, the communication will bo kept open between
the rapids. Thus, passengers will disembark at the Cas-
tillo, and embark aeain a few yards up the river in
another smell vessel. On arriving at the lake vessels of
a larger class will convey them to Virgin Bay, which is
within only 15 miles of the Pacific. A good road has al-
ready bean opened from Virgin Bay to San Juan del Sud,
and every convenience will be afforded in the transit.
At San Juan del Sud passengers will be conveyed by
the Pacific steamers, which will ply regularly between
that place and San Francisco. The vast design of
connecting the two oceans by a rapid and safe transit
may now be said to be accomplished, and what seemed
a visionary and wild chimera a few years ago is now
realised. The long end weary passage round Cape Horn,
fraught with such danger that our ancestors prepared for
it as for their final departure from the world, is now ac-
complished in a few days. The time through from New
Yeak to San Francisco will be only a month. Besides
this, one line of steamers will beget another, branch
lines will visit rivers, islands, and harbours, teeming
with riches which have been hitherto concealed from
the eyes of man; and following on this will be the
erection of cities, towns, and trading ports. Then, too,
how rapidly will spread that restless, never satisfied,
and pushing Anglo-Saxon race. The speculating '
Yankee, the shrewd Scotchman, and moneyed English..
man will all hasten to the land of promise. The hordes
from Europe will find a new vent, and soon the soli-
tary Spanish ranches will merge into Aeglo-Saxon vil-
lages at d:eitiee. The Spaniard himself will lose his list-
lessness in the whirl of business. Such is the inevitable
destiny of Central America. It will be the depot of the
world, the highway over which the world's trade will
Pass. Now, a question arises—who will have the so-
vereignty of the old Mosquito claim? England has pro-
tected this coast for more than a century, and expended
vast sums in opening a trade and pushing'civilization on
the coast'of Mosquito. No nation complained; all praised
her philanthropy; and under her auspices the Mos-
quito people became civilized to a certain extent,
loved our institutions, and praised our justice.
Then, at last, the prospect of a ship canal created a
little attention. People asked where is Mosquito, and
the Yankees sent agents down to discover how and by
what means John Bull could be ousted. They at last
sent their emissaries to the State of Nicaragua, and
found that these same Nicaraguans—a nation of half-
breeds, Indians, and Spaniards, had occasionally erected
forts and placed five or six half clad marineros (Bungay
sailors) in charge at the mouths of two
or three rivers
to protect their trade. This information was enough.
The port of Grey Town le:longed to Nicaragua, and
must be given up to them. Thee we, the United States,
will -end down an overwhelming population, and, as a
matter of course, admit it as one of the stare
of
our
Union. This is the summit of their d4,10133acy."

THE WEATHER. During the past week the
weather, though somewhat cold, has been sufficiently dry to
allow the harvest operations to be completed. The boats
from Cheshire on Saturday, as well as the country carts,
were loaded with garden products for the markets. Every-
thing was cheap and excellent. Hothouse fruits are rather
more scarce, particularly in good grapes and pines. Peaches
and nectarines, which were very fine, sold at 3s. to 4s. per
dozen. Many beautiful flowers were exhibited ; some stands
of prize dahlias, grown by Mr. Charles Rylance, attracted
mach admiration.—Liverpool Standard.
The Earl of Carlisle has left Haworth Castle,
Cumberland, for Scotland. His Lordship, we believe, or Sir
George Grey, will succeed Lord John Russell, who is
en route to town, as Miniater in attendance on the Queen at
Balmoral, N. 8., this week.

STATE OF TRADE.
(From the Manchester Guardian.)
MANCEIESTER, TUESDAY.—The American ad vices
report a further advance of lc. per lb. on the better
grades of cotton, and about ic. on the middling and
lower qualities, in the New York market, partly
in consequence of the improved accounts from
Liverpool, and partly from the reduced amount
of the stock on hand in the States. The markets
of the south continue dull, however, and there
is a general concurrence of opinion that the new
crop will be a large one, though the estimate of
3,000,000 bales is now modified. These accounts
have rather promoted the previous upward bias in the
Liverpool market, but the tendency thus showing
itself on both sides of the Atlantic is viewed with
great distrust on the Manchester Exchange, where
no permanent ground for a rise can be seen in the
prospect of supply as compared with that of demand,
and where there is anything but a disposition to
follow in the wake of a speculative movement,
which could only interrupt and injure our own trade,
however much it might be to the advantage of the
American growers and the Liverpool holders of cot-
ton ; for the advance already obtained upon the
raw material has been only partially realised on yarns
and goods, and has, therefore, made worse the position
of the spinner and the manufacturer; while the sus-
pension of the demand for the east is restricting the
field of operations ; and that for Germany continues to
be limited and easily checked. We have, therefore,
had only a quiet though certainly a firm market to-
day, as regards yarns, and a steady one as to goods
in general. The sellers of water twist have indeed
raised their last Tuesday's quotations for some num-
bers, in some instances *d. in others id. per lb ; but
this has evidently intertered with operations. As a
rule water twist may be characterised as exceedingly
firm, while mule twist must be described as generally
steady, though Indian qualities of 40's and 60's and
Russian 100's to 120's are barely so. The home
consumers are buying moderately of warps and cops
where they can do so at the rates of a week ago. As
to goods we may state that printing cloths, domestics,
T cloths, and long cloths remain steady ; but some of
the latter makes are less ready of sale than they were.
Indian cloths, particularly shirtings and jaconets,
continue extremely dull, with a bias in prices against
the sellers.
ROCaDALE, MONDAY.—There has been little ac-
tivity in the flannel market to-day, when we consider
that it is that time of the year when the merchants,
as well as the drapers, begin to lay in their winter
stocks. Kerseys have been rather more in demand ;
but the business in flannels has been upon a very
limited scale. There has been little doing in wool,
and prices much the same as the preceding week.
MACCLESFIELD, TUESDAY.—The business recently
transacted in goods has determined our manufacturers
to push forward with increased vigour their produc-
tion of autumn styles, especially as stocks of this
description are known to be exceedingly light, with,
at present, every probability of the demand continuing.
In thrown silks very little is doing, and recent trans-
actions have been, on the whole, slightly in favour of
purchasers. in raw silks there is an evident lull of
business ; prices, however, remain unaffected, the
quotations of the 13t inst. being maintained.
HUDDERSFIELD, TUESDAY.—Our market still con-
tinues quiet. Stocks in the Cloth Hall, however, are
low, and the manufacturers are principally working
up small orders. Goods that have changed hands to-
day are of the middle qualities. Shippers are quiet ;
indeed not one has been in town to-day.
HALIFAX, SATURDAY.—In every department of the
worsted trade, from the raw material up to the
finished fabric, there is a considerable degree of dul-
ness; and the heaviness of the market operates, as
usual, in favour of the buyer. _

LEEDS, TUESDAY.—There is little change to notice
in the woollen trade since last week. The market
has been dull and languid, and there is not much
doing to order. Prices are unaltered, and stocks are
considered to be rather on the increase.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK.
(From the Report of the Registrar-General.)
The health of London in the week ending Saturday,
September 6, exhibits some improvement. The deaths
which in the previous week were 1,061 fell to 967.
Of the persons who died at stated ages only 144 had
attained the age of 60 and upwards ; 518 were chil-
dren under the age of 15 ; and 303 were men and
women under the age of 60. Convulsions, smallapox,
measles, scarlatina, and hooping- cough, tabes, hydro-
cephalus (water on the head) destroyed many chil-
dren ; but diarrhcee in this week was more fatal than
all these diseases together, Consumption was fatal
to 105, typhus to 25, heart disease to 14, bronchitis
to 11, injuries and violence to 12—adults under the
age of 60.
The deaths from diarrhoea increased from 23 in the
first week of July, and 143 in the first week of
August, to 192 in the erst week of September. The
deaths from cholera also increased, but in the last
week they amounted to 17, while the number in the
previous week was 28.
Summer cholera prevails all over Europe in the hot
season of the year; its symptoms often resemble
those of Asiatic cholera, from which, however, it dif-
fers in this respect, that the course of the fatal cases
is much less rapid.
This is the anniversary of the most fatal week of
the great cholera epidemic of 1849, when 3,183 of
the inhabitants of London died ; and the contrast be-
tween the health of the great city then and at the
present time is gratifying, particularly as it is now
the abode of so many thousands of strangers. It
would be still more gratifying if the danger of the re-
currence of cholera was, as it might be, diminished
by the removal of the following and a thousand simi-
lar nuisances still existing, and laying the population
open to the invasion of every epidemic.
The Holborn registrar, speaking of a death at 53,
Eagle-street, Red Lion-square, says, " This is the
third case of death registered in the house since the
27th August of fever and diarrhoea, besides two
others sent to the hospital. The back of the house
looks into Yorkshire Grey-yard, on the north side of
Eagle-street, Red Lion-square, where there are two
slaughter-houses and generally a large dung heap.
The drainage in the yard is in a bad state. The stench
arising from the slaughter-houses and dung into this
house is beyond endurance."
The following are the 17 cases of cholera which
were registered last week :
In Fulham, at Mrs. Tilley's, Farm-lane, on 30th
August, the daughter of a single woman, aged 4
months, died of "cholera infantum (7 days)."
In Westminster, at the Bell public-house, York-
street, on 31 September, the son of a licensed victual.
ler, aged 9 months, " cholera infantum (10 days)."
In Marylebone, at the Middlesex Hospital, from 8,
Rodes Cottage, Islington, on 4th September, a barge
carter, aged 30 years, " cholera."
In Marylebone, St. Mary, at 76, Gloucester-place,
on 29th August, the daughter of a policeman, aged 6
months, " cholera infantum."
In Tottenham sub-district, at 15, Pancras-street,
on 30th August, a female, aged 55 years, English
cholera (3 days)."
In West Hackney, at 1, Nursery-row, Stoke New-
ington, on 31st August, a gentleman, aged 89 years,
" bilious cholera (3 days)."
In the same sub-district, at 39, Wellington- street,
on Ist September, the son of a fishmonger, aged 2
years, " cholera infantum (5 weeks), convulsions (10
hours)."
In St. Mary-le-Strand, at 41, Hart-street, Covent-
garden, on 4th September, the widow of a domestic
servant, aged 64 years, " cholera (29 hours)."
In St. James, Clerkenwell, at 20, Peter-street, on
31st August, a fur sewer, aged 28 years, " cholera (5
days), diarrhoea (36 hours), commencing 2 days after
childbirth.
In Clerkenwell, Amwell sub-district, at 16, North-
ampton-row, on 31st August, the daughter of a
la-
bourer, aged 7 months "cholera infantum (12 days)."
In Clerkenwell, Pentonville sub-district, at 24,
North-avenue, on 31 September, the sou of a car-
penter, aged 2 years and 9 months, "English cholera
(6 hours)."
In Hackney-road, sub-district, at 33, Austin-
street, on 30th August, the son of a cabinet-maker,
aged 6 weeks, " cholera infantum (2 weeks)."
In Newington, Trinity sub-district, at 3, Pipe-
makers -alley, on 2d September, the daughter of a
pipe-maker, aged 7 weeks, " cholera infantum."
In the same sub-district, at 4, County-terrace-
street, on 30th August, a spinster, aged 21 years,
" English cholera (12 hours)."
In Lambeth, at 2, Little-spring-place, on 2d
September, the daughter of a railway carriage maker,
aged 1 year, " cholera infantum (34 hours)."
In Greenwich, St. Nicholas, Deptford sub-district,
at 2, Frenches-fields, St. Nicholas, on 31st August,
the daughter o f a general dealer, aged 1 year, " cholera
infantum."
In Greenwich, Woolwich Arsenal sub-district, at
21, Po wis -street, on 31st August, the wife of a car-
penter, aged 72 years, " English cholera (2 days).
The following selections are from the Registrars'
reports :
In the sub-district of Belgrave, in St. George's
Hospital, on 4th of August, a butcher, aged 55 years,
died of peritonitis, after puncture of abdomen and
small intestines by a butcher's knife, which he ran
against accidentally when held in the hand of another
butcher with whom he was talking (20 days), inquest.
Mr. Jorden states that the man's death arose from a
custom in the trade when asking another " to stand
treat, to hold their knife against the stomach in a
horizontal direction."
In the sub-district of Golden-square, St. James's,
Westminster, at 42 Marshall-street, on 21 Septem-
ber, the daughter of a tailor, aged two years, " diar-
rhoea (two weeks), etTucio cerebri (3 days)." Mr.
Churchman observes that—" This is one of three houses
at the south end of Marshall-street, of the moat ob-
jectionable construction, having no ventilation, back
windows, kitchen, or dust-bin, the water-closet, such
as it is, opposite the entrance door, which is always

open, and not more than three feet from it; there is a
large slaughter-house in the rear."
In the sub-district or Gray's Inn-lane, at 1, Bruns-
wick-buildings, on the 4th September, the daughter of
a servant, aged 10 years, " marasmus (2 years), typhus
(14 days)." Mr. Worrell adds, that "The house in
which this death occurred is situated in a court con-
sisting of about 30 houses, which, from confined
space, bad drainage, and filth, is wholly unfit for oc-
cupation by human beings."

STATE OF THE WEATIIER DURING THE PAST WEEK.

SUNDAY.—The sky was for the most part covered with
cloud till near noon, partially covered during the afternoon,
and overcast at night; cumulostratus, cirrostratus, and hare.
Electricity—Positive, and tension moderate at each exami-
nation.

MONDAY.—The sky was overcast till noon, and three-
fourths covered with cloud during the remainder of the day ;
cumuli, cumulostrati, and cirrostrati. Electricity—Positive,
and tension weak at 9h. P.M.

TUESDAY.—The sky was overcast during the morning, and
generally three-fourths covered with cloud afterwards; cir-
rocumuli and cirrostrati. Rain fell occasionally during the
morning. Electricity—Positive, and tension variable through-
out the day.
WEDNESDAY.—The sky was overcast till near noon, during
the afternoon the amount of cloud was variable, and clear at
night; cumuli, cumulostrati, and cirrostrati. Electricity
Positive, and tension strong throughout the day.
THURSDAY.—The sky, with slight exceptions, was covered
with cloud throughout the day; cirrostratus. Electricity—
Positive, and tension very weak at 9h. A.M.
FRIDAY.—The amount of cloud was variable till noon, and
the sky was for the most part covered with cloud during the
remainder of the day; cumuli, cumulostrati, and cirrostrati.
Electricity—Nothing was shown throughout the day.
SATURDAY.—Three fourths of the sky were covered gene-
rally throughout the day; cumulostrati, cirrostrati, and
fleecy clouds. Electricity—The apparatus was out of order.
The mean reading of a thermometer placed on the main-
mast, and read each day at 9h. A. 31. was 63.2 Q ; and the mean
reading at 9h. r.si. was 60.3° ; the mean readings at the
Royal Observatory for the same times were 62.4 g and 58.5 Q
respectively.
The reading of the barometer at the beginning of the week
was 30.04 in. ; and it continued at this value, with very
slight changes, till after 9h. p.m. on Sept. 1, when it decreased
slowly to 29.92 in. by 9h. A. 31. on the 2d; increased to
30'00 in. by 9h. A.M. on the 3d, continued at this reading
till after noon on the same day ; decreased to 2991 in. by 3h.
P.M. on the 4th ; and increased to 30.28 in. by the end of the
week.

MORTALITY in the METROPOLIS
NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN
THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, SEPT. 6, 1651.
Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious Diseases ...*362
Diseases of Uncertain Seat ... 29
Tubercular Diseases ... ... 174
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses... ... 100
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels ... 23
Diseases of the Lungs, and other Organs of
Respiration ••• ••• .•• ••• • • ••• 71
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs
of Digestion... ... 60
Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. •• ••• ••• 7
Childbirth, Diseases of tho Uterus, &c. ... 8
Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles ••• 3
Diseases of the Skin, &o. 0
Malformations... •• • •• • •• • ••• •• • 3
Premature Birth ... 35
Atrophy
Old Age ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 19
Sudden ... ... 6
Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 23
Causes not specified ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 3

DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES ...
Population Deaths in corre-
Enumeraied, sponding week
1851. of 1850.
West Districts—. 376,332 . . 141 ...
North Districts.. 490,441 .. 161 ...
Central Districts 392,986 ... 139 ...
East Districts ... 485,336 ... 190 ...
South Districts .. 616,545 ... 268 ...

967
Deaths
in the
Week.
143
218
139
194
273

T0ta15........ 2,361,640 ... 899 ... 967
Males ... ... ... ... ... 478
Females ... ... ... ... 489