The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-28 00:00:00

PUBLICATIONS.

Just published, in 8 vols. post Bvo.,
ripRAVELS in PERSIA, GEORGIA, and
ICOGRDISTAN ; with Sketches of the CosBaeks and the
Caucasus.

• By Dr. MORITZ WAGNER. ' •
Hurst and Blackett. Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13,
Great Marlborough-street.

NOw ready at all the libraries, in 3' vols.,

riff ARGARET AND HER BRIDESMAIDS.
"By the Author of " Woman's Devotion" _ .

" We recommend all who are in search of a fascinating novel to
read this work. 'They will find it we 1 worth' their while. There,
are a freshness and originality about itgaite charming, and theire is
a certain nobleness in the treltment both of Sentiment and incident'
which is not often found. The story is v.- ry interesting. We hope
the author will give us some more 11:Als as kockl as Margaret and
her Bridesmaids."—Aticenrcum

Hurst and Blackett.yubtishers, successors to Henry Colburn.

Now Wady, in.l vol.; with 1,500 Engravings of Arms,

. ,
THE PEERAGE and BARONETAGE
'for 1R56.

By Sir BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of Arms,

New Edition, Correcied to the Present Time, from the personal
Communications of the Nobility, Etc. .

"For. fhe amazing quantity. of personal and family history, admi-
rable arrangement of detrols, and accuracy of inormation;;this.
genealogical And heraldic, dictionary's without a rival. le Is now the
standarCitud acknowledged ho ,k of reference upon all questions
touching pedigree, and direct or collateral affinity with the titled
aristocracy. We have a'so in Its pages much entertaining historical
matter, awl many very curious and interesting family traditions.
The work is, in fact, a complete cyclopmclia of the whole titled classes
of the empire, supplying all the information that can possibly be
desired on the sub.eCt."7.Moriiii:g Post. .

Burst ant Blackest, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn.

New l3nfington-street, April.
/4-R. BENTLEY'S LIST OF NEW WORKS
and NEW EDITION-A for the PRESKNT ONTH.

This day is published, in 3 vOts.,
PHE OLD GREY CHURCH. A, Novel.
By the Author of " Trevelyan," "Marriage in High Life."

London: flichari Bentley, New Burlington-street

PROFESSOR CREASY'S NEW WORK.

This day is published, the Second Volume, completing the Work,
Bvo., with Maps, 145.,

ETISTORY of the OTTOMAN TURKS, from
the Foundation of their Empire to the Present Time.
13y Profeisor CREASY, Professor of History at University
College, London.
By the same Author,
The FfFTEEN DECISIVE BATTLES of the WORLD. Seventh
Edition, Bvo., with Plans, 15s.

The RISE and PROGRESS of the ENGLISH CONSTITUTION,
Third Edition: Post Bvo , 7s. 6d.
London: ,•ichard I,entley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Maje3ty.

M. GITIZOT'S NEW WORK.
This day h published, In 2 vols., Bvo. 235.,

- -
HISTORY of RICHARD CROMWELL and
the RgSTORATION of CHAILLOS IL

By M. GIIIZOT.
By the same Author,

HISTORY of OLIVER CR )_M WELL and the English Common,
wealth. Second Edition. Two vols., Svo., 28s.
lItTORY of the ENGLISH REVOLUTIoN to, the Death o.
Charles I. Second EditiOn. Two Bvo., 28s.
"SHAKESPEARE and HIS TIME.% Bvo , 14s.
CORNEILLE and 1114. TIMES. Bvo., 14s.
London: Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

• . EAST INDIA. HOU3E, 25vu Aram, 1856.
rHE COURT of DIRECTORS of the 'EAST'
1 INDIA. COMPANLY DO lIERERT GIV-E NONCE, That a,
SrEcIAL GENERAL COURT of tne sail Company will ba hold at
their liouse in Leadenhelbstreet, on W,IDNC.SDAX, the 14th May,
at Eleven o'clock in the forenoon, for th-: purpose of laying' before the
Proprietors for their approbatlm a Ris.dotion of the Court of Dirac.
tor'', of this day's date, granting to the Marquis of Dalhousie, K.T.,
late Governor-General of India, an annuity of Fire Thousand Pounds
(5 0001), upon the around; therein stated.
The Report required by the bye-law, earl. 9, sec. 3, together with
the documents 'upon which the said resolution has been formed, are
open to the inspeetion ef the 'Proprietors at this Hoe se.
hiELviLL, Secretary...

T.
0' THE- SPORTING WORLD.-DEER
STALKING And Glit•ltTi!.l SEIOO a.lO, —The undersigned
wilt be et 24, Bres.ver-strut, Regent-street (in a line• with Glass-
house-street),* on the 4th slay, with all the netv ssary CLO RENO for
Peer,Stalki,g, Weave Shflotin;,Saimon.Fisiting, cud some new an&
beautiful Twgp, 1)S fbr tOW:1 w .ar.' &o. PLAIDS, TAR EA.NS,,
SOCKS, CLOAKS;-WI YC tIYS, Sce., •
1). M 0017CIALL, of Inverness.
• 'London, 22d April, 1856-:

4.-LkOCIETY of PAINTER-8 in WATER
031 CO GUM',
The Fifty-second ANNUAL, EXIIIBITION-is.nliv oiien, at their-
Gallery, 5., mill-mall-East Nose to TrafalgAr-snaare), from Nine till
Dusk. • Admittance, Is.; C.stalogue, 6d.
JOSEPH J. JESTKIi3, Secretary.

.IMPERIAL HOTEL BJLL,—A. a .Meeting
held the '26tii day of A.pril, 1856, present—
Wzight,-Clar. neludi
Mr. GArrltito-, Gross Hotel,
Mr. James, Morley's Hotel, Charing-cross,
Mr Claridge, Claridge's Hotel,
Mr. Jobber, Long's tiotzl,
Mr. Llder, Adel ~hi Hotel,
Mr. Thomas, Hatchet's Hotel,
• • Mr. Lillyman, Brook-street,
Mr. Smith, British Hotel. Charing-cress,
Mr. Rowland. ewton Hotel,
the Bill for incorporating the Imperial Hotel Company was consider-
ed, and it appearing that such Bill was calculated to give special and
undue advantages to the promote 'a thereof over existing hotel pro-
prietors, the follow,,g resolution was passed :
That the said Bill be coposed in Parliament, and that the urgent
co-operation of Hotel Proprietors, and others interested in the rejec-
tion of the said•Biil be invited.
In furtherance of the above Resolution, a MEETLY() will ha held
at the Caledonian Hotel, Robert-street, Adelphi, on WEDNESDAY
next, the 3Jth inst .nt, at Pwelve ,'clock precisely, when a Petition
to Parliament will be ready. for signature.

ARGYLL ROOMS.-LAURENT'S CASINO
NOW OPEN' for the winter seuon. Prin ioal Cornet
Piston, M. Bouleourt.—Doors open at S. Admission One Shilling.
EL Laurent's new Varsoviana and St. Patrick Quadrille every night

R. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES.
UR_ Fifty instantaneous Metamorphoses of Voice, Character,
nd Costume, concluding with an impersonation of Mlle. Rachel, as
`amnia, in " Les Horaccs," TO-N IGIIT and every evening, at 8.
Private boxes and stalls may be secured in advance, without. extra
charge". Polygrapbic-hall, King William-stiteet, Charing-cross. A
Performance every Saturday Morning at 2 o'clock, and night at 8.

ROYAL CREMORNE GARDENS.—Open
Daily; admission Is.—Grand Vocal and Instrumental Con-
cert every evening at six, supported by eminent artists—Ballet
Divertisement—Grotesque Chine...e Pas-de-Trois—Troupe of Trained
Doge—Spanish Ballet—the gre Devani—Dancing . 1 Fresco, &c ,
&c.• On sunday, at foUr o'c!ock, the whole of the extensive grounds
are open for promenade, from which time until seven in the evening
an Orchestra of first-rate musicians will give effect to the composi-
tions of the most renowned masters, holh ancient and modern, in-
cluding Handel, Hadyn, Mozart, Be •thoven, Weber, Meyeibeer,
Meadels.sohn, Rossini, llamz, Herold, &c.

111AE Beautifully-painted. DIORAMA. of the
a. Far Interior of SOU fII AFRICA, now op nat 232, Piccadilly,
will shortly Close, as Mr. GORDON CUMMING Is about to leave
Lon lon. It brings fresh to the beholder his startling encounters
with the stuvnilous, curious, and beautiful animals which roam
these might," solitudes; and illustrates in a striking manner the
varied romantic scenery, and the Manners and Cu toms of the Savage
Tribes. Mr. Gordon Cumming personally describes the Diorama in
his new and popular r.,,tertainment ever. evening at 8, except
Saturday. A Morning verforman:e en Saturday at 3. Piano, by
Mr. Harries Wilson. Admis4on, Is.; stalls, 25.; reserved seals, 3s.
Children half-price in the reserved seats.
"One of the most into esting and remarkable entertainments on
record."—Literary Gazette.

CRYSTAL PALACE.—CONCERTS.—These
Concert 3, twelve in cumber, will take place
on FRIDAY AFTERNOONS in May, June, and July, the
first being on the 16th May. They will be supported by the
following eminent Artistes : ' •
Madame GRIST,
Mademoiselle JENNY NEY,
•
Mademoiselle DIDIEE,
Mademoiselle MARIA,
Mademoiselle BOSIO,
Signor LABLACHE, ' Signor RONCONI,
Signor GARDONI, Signor LUC HESI;
Signor TAGLIAFICO, Signor ZELGER,
Herr .FORMES, Signor GRAZIANI,
Signor POLONINI, Signoi GREGiORIO,
Signor SOLDI,
And Signor MARIO.
The Band of the Royal Italian Opera is engaged, and will
-be considerably augmented. Mr. COSTA has also most kindly
offered his valuable aid, and will himself conduct a portion of
the Concerts.

The rollowing Three Classes of Tiek"ts aro issued for the
present Season, available from the Ist May, 1856, to the 30th
April, 1857:

1. Season Tickets (not transferable) admitting the holder
to the Palace and Park on all occasions whatsoever, with the
sole exception of the 12 days on which the Concerts by the
Opera C impany take place—One Guinea.
2. Season Tickets (not transferable) admitting the bolder
on all occasions, including the above Concerts—Two Guineas.
3. Transferable Tickets, admitting to the above Twelve
Concerts and to the Flower Shows, but not available on any
other days—Two Guineas.
The number of tickets issued under Classes 2 and 3 will bo
limited to such a number as can be properly accommodated
at the Concerts.
The Tickets may be obtained at
The Crystal Palace (Centre Transept and Railway Entrances).
The Company's Office, 79, Lombard-street.
The London Bridge Station of the Brighton Railway Ca.
The Office of the Brighton Railway Company, 43, Regent-
circus, Piccadilly.
The Railway Station, Crystal Palace.
Mitchell's Library, 33, Old Bond-street.
Sains's Library, 1, St. James's-street.
Messrs. Keith, Prowse, and Co., 48, Cheapside.
Mr. Hammond, 27, Lombard-street.
Messrs. Letts, Son, and Co., 8, Royal Exchange.-
Mr. T. Knox Holmes, 441, Strand.
Westerton's Library, St. George's-place, Knightsbridge.
Messrs. Cramer, Beale, and Co , 199, Regent-street.
Calder's Library, 1, Bathurst-street, Hyde Park Gardens.
Messrs. Mead and Powell, Arcade, Loudon-Bridge Station.
Mr. J. H. Smith, 22, Gresham-street; and .
Mr. Brill, Royal Baths, Brighton.
Remittances from the country by Post-office order or other-
wise must be made payable to George Fa'ssou. All ap lica-
tions must state whether the tickets are for Ladies or Gen-
tlemen, and none can be atteaded to unless accompanied by a
remittance.

The rates of admission to the Palace remain as before viz.:
On Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fri-
days —One Shilling. (Excepting on the Fridays ou which the
Concerts take place.)
On Saturdays—Five Shillings.
Children under 12 years of age Half-price. (Excepting on
the Fridays on which the Concerts take place).
The Palace will be opened on Mondays at Nine a.m. ; on
Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, at Ten; ex-
cepting on the days of the Concerts by the Opera Company,
on which days, and ou Saturdays, it will be opened at Twelve,
closing daily about sunset.
By order.

G. GROVE, Secretary'.

THE 'MARCH FOR SIR J. FRANKLIN.

ADMlRALTY,vingeonsidAerPeadiiLt 25.
Her Majesty's Government having
expe-
dient that their acknowledgment and approval of the
services rendered by Mr. Grinnell, of New York, in
fitting out at his own expense an expedition in search of
the late Sir J. Franklin, and by Dr. Kane, who con-
ducted, and by the officers and men who were engaged
in the expedition, should be accompanied by a hand-
some silverpre-ent,a a silver te
vasewa:serviceforwardedand salver
for pre S e
fo
t ar-
troi°rn. Knetoallr; Grinnell,
gold medals far Dr. Kane and the other offi-
cers, and silver medals for the crew ; the whole of the
articles beving suitable inscriptions.
The following letter from Mr. Grinnell, in acknow-
ledgment of the present, has been forwarded by her Ma-
jesty's Alinisttr at Washington to her Majesty's Secre-
tary of State for Foreign Affairs.
" New York, March 18.
have already acknowledged the receipt of
you letter of the Bth inst.' ' I have now to acknowledge the receipt of a magnifi-
cant silver vase, which her Britannic Majesty's Guveru-
meet has seen fit to bestOW on me as a memorial of its
estimation of my acts relating to the Arctic search for
Sir John Franklin and his party.
" You will please to communicate to ysopuirritGoofvyeorunr-
meat my acceptance of the vase, and that I highly appre-
ciate it ; I shall hold it not only for the object intended,
greatbut aws a
inat
dh ggrl
oe testimonialaritous considerationco oun f tthr
ye .
, I magnanimous
am,
sir, truly your friend
HENRY GRINNELL.

" John F. Cranipton, Esq."

The Gazette publishes a royal decree, authorising
the biddings for the loan of 200 millions of reals 3
per cents. with the coupon of Dacember, the pro-
duce of which is to be devoted to
paying off the
floating debt. The adjudication will take place on
the 31stof May, when the minimum price fixed
by the Government will be made known.
dm
An pll a t,t
Gazette,e latter from
says:
Vienna c
:—Count
n thet
B 112011:
on t
his arrival, in the Post
A
here this morning, was received at the station by a
great number of functionaries and diplomatists, in-
cluding Baron de Bach, Prince Richard de Metter-
nich, Baron de Koller, &c. The Emperor has ad-
dressed a letter of congratulation to the Duke of
Brunswick on the occasion of the 51st anniversary
of his birth, and the 25th of his accession to the
throne. Field-Marshal Lieut. Count de Monten-
novo and Col. Count de Seldom are charged with
khe delivery of thin letter,"_

The other despatct:es refer to the • negbtiations
previous to the I:ltilwer-Clayton Treaty, to the oc-
cupaion of —Tigre Island, to the'Oyane affair at
Greytown, to the alleged insult to the Anierican
flag by the commander of her Majesty's brig-of-war
"E.;peess, ond to:the various attempts at a satisfac-
tory settlement of all questions relating to the pro-
' posed route, and to Central American affairs gene-
rally., . .

The concluding despatches relate to the " pro-
posed arbitration." Lord Clarendon states (No.
186) :that the offer to Wei- to arbitration the-inter-
pretation of the treaty of 1850 had been. made by
him in the mist formal manner by direction of the
Cabinet. The explanation relative to this point ap-
peared in The Sun pfAle...l.4th of March.
The concluding despatch (No, 189) refers more
e.s.o3citlly'to Raatan. In it, Mr.-Crateptou informs.
Lord. Clarendon (uuder -date of 21-trch• 34.1850).
that Mr: Clayton was infoiined.by Sir Henry Bul-
wer,_ before the treaty .of -1850 was signed,- that
Ruatan was de jqre and de facto &British possession,
and that Mr. giwon had, on" various occasions
since, in_conVersitiotrwith.: him (Mr. Crampton),
stated. that he considered Ruatan as much a British
possession as Jamaica, or any other British West
Indian

The following is the important note "by Lord
'Clarendon mentioned above, and which may be
considered a fullstatement of the case of the English
Government

" No. 176.
" STATEMENT TO MR. BUCHANAN.
" The substance of the case submitted to her Majesty's
-Goveramtnt by Mr. Buchanan may be briefly stated as
follows :

" 1. That Great Britain, prior to April, 1850; was 'in
possession,of the whole coast of Central America, from the
Rio Hondo to the Port and Harbour of San Juan de Ni-
caragua, except that portion of •it between the Sarstoon
and Cape Honduras, together with the adjacent Honduras
island of Ruatan.'
"2. That the Government of the United States does not
understand under what. title Great Britain, having aban-
doned the greater part of these possessions in 1786, re-
sumed them subsequently ; nor does it know precisely at
what period the protectorate of Great Britain -over MO3-
quito was re-established, the first intimation which the
United States Government had r eceived on the subject be-
ing from an American agent in 1842 ' • and that, mcreover,
Captain Bonnycastle, and other authorities, had never re-
presented the Mosquito shore as extending as far as the
river and town of San Juan de Nicaragua which latter the
Spaniards had considered a place of muchimportance, and
the key to the Americans,
"3. That it appears to the United States Government
that Spain, in virtue of the treaty of 1786, had a-right to
object to Great Britain establishiiig herself on the Mos-
quito coast, or assuming, the protectorate of Mosquito; and
that Great Britain baby her treaty with Mexico recog-
nised that the former colonies of Spain stool in the same
position with respect to other States as Old Spain herself,
and inherited the advantages of the ancient treaties of the
mother country; that the United States' Government had
always contested the claim of Great Britain to all the pos-
sessions held by her in Central America, with the excep-
tion of that portion of the settlement of Belize which is
situate betWeEn the Rio Hondo and the Sibun ; that it had
always resisted the sight of Great Britain to establish a pro-
tectorate over the Mosquito; and that it had learnt with
great surprise and regret that the British forces had, in
1848, expalled the Nicaraguan authorities, which held the
port and town of San' Juan de Nicaragua in virtue of the
Old Spanish rights, and had then hoisted thereupon the
flag of the Mosquitos.
"4. That Mr. Monroe, when President of ,the United
States, bad, in 1823, announced in a public message to
Congress that the American continents were not hence-
forth to be considered subject to colonization by European
Powers.

"5. That no claim on the part of Great Britain to act in
the name or under the authority of the Mosquito Indians
could be well founded, inasmuch as the race, even if never
conquered by Spain, were savages who, according to the
practice and principles of all European nations which had
.ever acquired territory on the continent of America, had
no title to rank as independent States in the territory they
occupied, but had a claim to mere occupancy thereon, such
territory being the dominion of the discoverer of it, or even
Of the discoverer of territory on the same continent,
though far distant from it, by whom alone this claim to
mere occupancy on the part of the Indians was to be ex-
tinguished by purchase a".4he advances of the White set:
tlements rendered it necessary.

" And, finally, that Great Britain, having declared by
treaty in 1850 that she would neither colonise, fortify, oc-
cupy, nor assume dominion over Mosquito or Central Ame-
rica, was thereby, at all events, bound to withdraw her
protection from the people and territory of the Mosquitos,
and moreover to deliver up Ruatan, which was an island
belonging to Honduras, a Central Ainerican State, but
which, neyertheles,, had recently been colonised and occu-
pi,el by Great Britain.
"Such are the main points brought forward by Mr. Bu-
chanan in the statement which he has delivered to her
Majesty's Government.
" If; in speaking of the possessions held by Great Britain
previous'to 1850 on the coost of Central America (the set.'
tleueent of Belize excepted), Mr. Buchanan means that his
expressions should apply to that district which is called the
Mosquito country, it is proper that her Majesty's Govern-
ment should at erica state that her Majesty has never held
any possessions whatsoever in the Mosquito country. But,
although Great Britain hell no possessions in the Mosquito
country, she undoubtedly exercised a greet and extensive
influence over it as the protecting ally of the Mosquito King;
that King or chief having occasionally been even crowned
at Jamaica under the auspices of the British authorities.
" The United States' Government will, it is apprehended,
scarcely expect that Great Britain should enter into any
explanation or defence of her conduct with respect to acts
committed by her nearly 40years ago, in a matter in which
no right oe possession of the United States was involved.
" The Government of the United States would, it is con-
ceived, Le much and justly surprised if the Government of
Great Britain were now to question the propriety of any
of its own long past acts by which no territorial sight of
Great Britain had been affected ; nor woull the Atherican
people consider any justification or explanation of such
acts to foreign States consistent with the dignity and in-
dependent position of the United States.
" The Government of the United States, therefore, will i
not be surprised if the Government of Great Britain ab-
stains on this occasion from entering into anything which•
might appear an explanation or defence of its conduct with
regard to its long-established protectorate of the Mosquitos.
" With respect to any right, or any interference, on the
part of the Government of Old Spain on the subject of the
Mosquito protectorate, it must be observed that since the
peace of 1815 that Government has never raised any ques-
tion with respect to this protectorate ; and as for Great
Britain having by her treaty with Mexico recognised, as a
principle, that the engagements between herself and Spain
were necessarily transferred to every fraction of the Spanish
monarchy which now exists, or may exist, on a distinct and
independent basis, her Majesty's Government must entirely
deny this assumption. Great Britain, in her treaty with
Mexico, simply stipulates that British subjects should not
be worse off under Mexico independent than under Mexico
when a Spanish province. It was natural in recognising
the independence of Mexico that Great Britain should
make such a stipulation; but the fact of her doing so rather
proves that she thought a special stipulation necessary, and
that she did not conceive that she would have enjoyed un-
der any general principle the privilege she bargained for ;
and this stipulation, as indeed the,treaty itself, is a proof
that Mexico was not considered as inheriting the obliga-
tions or rights of Spain.
" But, admitting that it may in some cases be expedient,
although not obligatory, to recognieh the rights and obliga-
tions of Old Spain as vested in the new Spanish-American
States; and allowing that, in conformity with that policy,
Great Britain might have thought proper to receive, con-
cerning Mosquito, the remonstrances of those neighbouring
republics which have successively risen in America on the
ruins of the Spanish empire; even then it may be observed
that no remonstrance was made by any of such republics
for many years after the protectorate of Great Britain over
Mosquito had been a fact well known to them ; and, more-
over, that when such remonstrances were made, they were
made with similar pretensions, not by one only, bat by
several of those Governments, insomuch that, if the Mos-
quito Indians were at this moment withdrawn altogether
from the portion of America which they now inhabit, and
if it were permitted to the States of Spanish origin to in-
herit, each respectively, the claims of their parent State, it
would still be a question on which of the claimants the
territory thus left unoccupied would of right devolve ;
while it is certain that such withdrawal, without previous
arrangements, would lead to contests alike disadvantageous
to the real interests of the several States and to the gene-
ral prosperity of Central America herself.
"Thus mach with reference to the conduct and position
of Spain and the Central American States with regard to
the British protectorate in Mosquito ; but, with respect to
the conduct and position of the United States relative
thereto, Mr. Buchanan is mistaken in thinking that the
United States' Government has always contested and re-
sisted the position assumed by Great Britain on the Mos-
quito coast.
"It may be true that the United States .were not in-
formed of the position of Great Britain in respect to Mos-
quito until 1842, but they. were then informed of it; and
yet there is no trace of their having alluded to this ques-
tion in: their communications with her Majesty's Govern-
ment up to the end of 1849. Nay, in 1850, when the Pre-
sident of the United States presented to Congress various
papers relative to the affairs of Central America, it will be
seen that, on introducing these affairs to the attention :of
Congress, the President's Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs expressly says that the Government of Nicaragua,
in November, 1847, solicited the aid of the United States'
Government to prevent an anticipated attack on San Juan
by tho British forces on behalf of the Mosquito King, but
received no answer ; that the President of Nicaragua ad-
dressed the President of the United Stites at the same
time, and received no answer ; that in April, -1818, the
United States' Consul at Nicaragua, at the request of the
Minister of Foreign Affairs of that republic, stated the ois
cupation of San Juan by a British force, but was not
answered; that on the sth of November, 1818, M. Cas-
tellon proceeded to London from Nicaragua, and then to
Washington,'
addressed a letter to the United States' Secre-
tary of State, soliciting his intervention with regard to
the claims of Great Britain in right of the Mosquito,
received JIG kat! ca_the of:

it would thus secm,.on the authority of the United
Slate's' Gaverriment-itself, that up to the end-of 1849,•the
United States', Government had made no, remark or ninon:.
strance to Great Britain on the subject of her protectorate
of Mosquito; and that even with respect to the capture of
Sin Juan de Nicaragua (now called Greytown), the United
States' Minister in London was not authorised to take any
steps concerning it, nor even te.afford to the commissioner
from NicaragUa the be.netit of his counsels and good offices
thereupon; and it is but right to ol”erve that the United
Slates' Government pursued by this course towards her
Majesty's Government that friendly and considerate policy
which her Majesty's Government always wishes to pursue,
and has pursued towards the United States' Government
when that Government has had differences with other
Powers. , . • 1

" With regard to the grounds on which her Majesty's
Government made the capture of San Juan de Nicaragua in
1818, the desire of her, Majesty's Government to avoid all
subjects of cobtroversy on which it is not absolutely neces-
sary to enter, restrains it from here adverting to.the docu-
ments which stated the reasons on which her Majesty's
Government came to the resolution it at that time adopted;'
and, indeed, as those documents were laid before Parlia-
ment, and communicated officially to the United States'
Government, it would be superfluous now to recapitulate
their contents.
" With regard to the doctrine hid down b y Mr. President
Monroe in 1823, concerning the future colonisatimi of the
American continents byEuropean `States, as an international
axiom which ought to regulate 'the conduct of European
States, it can only be.vinwed as the 'dictum-of the distin-
guished personage who delivered it ; but her Majesty's Go-
vernmeut cannot admit that doctrine as an international
axiom which ought to regulate the conduct .of European
States.

" The doctrine with regard to the incapacity of the In-
diani to exercise tlie lights of Sovereign Powers must also
remain a doctrine on which each State which has to deal
with such Indians must be free to exercise its own. -policy,
and to follow the dictates of its own conscience.
" It is certainly true that Great Britain, Spain, and the
United States were all at one time in the habit of treating,
the Indian races in the manner which Mr. Buchanan de.
scribes.; but this past practice, though general, cannot be
taken as an invariable guide for any future policy. The
period has not yet passed beyond the memory of man at
which Great and the Upited States, now so nobly distin-
guished in suppressing the slave trade, practised and en-
couraged that trade, and deemed it legitimate.
" The project of a free Republic, composed chiefly of
neeroes from the United States, and originally established
under the enlightened and humane patronage of the United
States, would have been deemed, 50 years ago, an absurd
'
and impossible chimera ; yet Liberia exists, and now flou-
rishes as an inilepenclent•State. Already, Great Britain,
in her own dealings with Indians, has recognised their rulers
as independent chiefs ; while, in her treaties with foreign
Powers, she has spoken of their tribes as nations, and sti-
pulated for the restoration of their possessions.
" Thus on all the above-mentioned topics her Majesty's
Government, without seeking to impose any opinions on
the United States' Government, claims a right to hold its
own opinions ; nor does it indeed appear necessary,
although doubtless it would be desirable, that her Ma-
jesty's Government and the United States' Government
should be perfectly agreed with respect to them.
" The one remaining subject to be discussed is, however,
of a very different character. It relates to a question in
which Great Britain and the United States aro both directly
concerned, and in regard to which it is a matter both of
honour and interest that they should avoid all misunder-
standings or disagreements.
" This subject is the rightful interpretation of a treaty
engagement to which Great Britain and the United States
are parties.
" Mr. Buchanan lays it down as a fact that Great Bri-
tain held the sovereignty of the Mosquito coast prior to
1830, and he then states that Great Britain still continues
to bold this sovereignty, although the treaty of 1850 pro-
hibits her from so doing.
" But Mr. Buchanan confounds the two conditions of
a sovereignty and of a protectorate, and under this • error
treats the agreement net to colonise, nor occupy, nor
fortify, nor assume nor exercise dominion over,' as includ-
ing an agreement not to protect.
" With respect to sovereignty, Groat Britain never
claimed, and does not now claim, or hold, any sovereignty
in or over Mosquito,; but with respect to the protectorate
which Great Britain has long exercised over Mosquito.
Her Majesty's. Government asserts that the treaty of
1850 did not, and was not meant to, annihilate such pro-
tectorate, but simply to confine its powers and limit its
influence.

"Now, the spirit Of a treaty must always be inferred
from the circumstances under which it takes place' and
the true construction of a treaty must be deduced from
the literal meaning of the words employed in its framing.
"The circumstances under which the treaty of 1850 took
place were the following
"Up t ) March, 1819, i. e., one whole year after the cap-
ture of San Juan t 1.3 Nicaragua by the British forces, the
United States Government made no observation, as it has
already been stated, to the British Government, having
any allusion to this act. Bat in Nov., 1819, Mr. Law-
rence, then just arrived in Eagland as the representative
of the United States Government, addressed a note to Lord
Palmerston, not asking any question as to the British pro-
tectorate of Mosquito, but requesting to know whether
her Majesty's Government would join with the United
States in guaranteeing. the neutrality of a ship-canal, rail-
way, or other communication between the two oceans, to
be opened to the worhl, and common to all nations, and
whether the British Government intended to occupy or
colonise Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito Coat so
called, or any part of Central America. To this note Lord
Palmerston replied by stating that her Majesty's Gov2ru-
.
snout had no intention to occupy or colonise Nicaragua,
Costa Rica, the Mesquite Coast, nor any part of Central
merica, and that her Majesty's Government would feel
great pleasure in combining and co operating with the Go-
vernment of the United States for the purpose of assisting
the operations of a company which might be formed with
a view to establish a general communication by canal or
railroad across the Isthmus, separating the northern and
southern portions of the American continent, both by -1
offering security for the works while in progress, and when
completed and in use, and by placing such communication,
through the moans of political• arrangements, beyond the I
reach of molestation, disturbance, -or obstacle, by rea-
son of international disputes which mayaat any time
unfortunately arise ; upon the'
conditions,moreover, that
such communication should at all times be open and acces-
sible for the commerce of all nations, and on equal terms
for all. ,
" These notes, copies of which are hereunto annexed, are
of -great importance,inasmuch as they laid the foundation
for the subsequent onveution of Washington, while they
explain the nature of the feelings entertained at that time
by the United States' Government, and by the Government
of her Mijesty.
"It was clear that the United States' Government,
which had regarded the affairs of Central America not long
before with comparative indiff.irente,bad had its attention
lately called to this part of the worl l by its acquisition of
California and the discovery of the ore which that region
was found to contain—circumstances which rendered of
vast importance some safe and rapid means of cornmunica•
tion between the possessions of the United States on the
Facile and the possessions of the United States on the At-
lantic.

" A project of a canal communication, moreover, through
the State and Lake of Nicaragua, and the River San Juan
was then in contemplation, and Nicaragua bad granted to
a company of American citizens whatever rights it possessed
over this proposed line of traffic.
_ _

" Great Britain, however, by having placed a people un
der her protect;.ondu possession of the port and town of San
Juan do Nicaragua, might exert her influence either to pre-
vent this canal being formed, or, if she allowed it to be
formed, might aim, through her protectorate, at acquiring
over such canal peculiar rights or absolute control.
"The Government of the United States was therefore
justly anxious to know whether the British Government
would favour or impede the construction of a canal by the
river San Juan, and whether it would attempt to establish
a predominant and permanent power over this canal, by
colonising, fortifying, occupying, or taking absolute pos-
session of the country through which it passed.
" The mere protectorate of Great Britain, stripped of
those attributes which affected the construction and the
freedom of the proposed canal, was of small consequence
to the United States ; but, connected with those attributes,
it was a matter of great importance.
"On the other hand, her Majesty's Government, which
had just expelled the Nicaraguans from Greytown or San
Juan de Nicaragua, and the country adjacent, and had for-
mally discussed and finally rejected the claims of the Nica-
raguan Government to these contested posessions, could
not with honour or credit retire, at the mere interposition
of the United Mates, from the position it had assumed,
or abandon the long established British protectorate over
the Mosquitos, and allow the authorities of Nicaragua to
re-occupy the ground from which they had so recently been
driven. But Great Britain could clearly engage herself to
the United Stater to do all that was required respecting
the construction and protection of my canal communica-
tion, to be enjoyed on equal terms by all nations, and she
could also limit the, powers of her protectorate over Mos-
quito so as to remove all suspicion, or possibility of her
using it in any manner that would place such canal com-
munication under her exclusive authority and dominion.
,Thus, when the drawing up of a treaty afterwards took
place, the object of the British negotiator, and, it must be
presumed, that'of both negotiators, necessarily was, to
draw up such a convention as, without conceding any spe-
cific point on which one party could not in honour yield,
would make such concessions on all other points as the
other party desired ; and if the convention in question be
referred to, it will be seen that it is drawn
indifference,
carefully in
such a manner as to make it a matter of so
far as the canal is concerned, as to whether the port and
town of San Juan are under the modified protectorate of
Great Britain, or under the Government of Nicaragua.
Moreover, in drawing up this treaty, both Mr. Clayton
and Sir. H. L. Bulwer referred_ to :the notes which had
posited-between Lord Palmerston and Mr. Lawrence, and
even made use of the precise terms which had been there
employed, from which it must of necessity be inferred that
they meant to transfer to their convention, with the words
which they borrowed, the meaning which they had previ-
ously attached to those words in the documents from
which they extracted them • and a reference to such do-
cuments will at once show ehat Mr. Lawrence, while he
asked her Majesty's Government whether it meant to oc-
cupy, fortify. colonise, or assume or exercise dominion
over Mosquito, did not allude to the protectorate of Great
Britc.in over that country; and that Lord I)!tlmerston, in
declaring that her Majesty's Government: did not intend
to do any of these things, expmsly left the question con-
cerning the political relations between Great Britain and
the Mosquitos untouched.
So much for the spirit which presided over the Conven-
tion of ISSO.
With regard to the literal meaning, this treaty declares
in words.that-the two parties " will not -occupy, nor for-
tify, nox 0010)1if3Q1 nor ,aome, nor Quoin Du dminicA

over 7!, icaragan, Costa Rica, the Mosquito coast, nor any
part , uf Central America;' and that neither party will
ma: ko-use of -any protection which eitliter, affords or may
afford, . or any alliance which either has or may have with
any St elite or people tor the purpose of . . . occu-
pying, fortifying, or colonising Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the
Mosqui; to coast, or any part of Central America, or of as=
suminiz, of exercising dominion over the same."
Mr. Bu chanan says, with regard to that portion of the
foregoing ,sentence which restricts the use which Great
Britain oi-...the United States might make of any protection
which either might afford to any State or people, it has
been said that this article of the convention acknowledges
by implication the protectorate. of Great Britain over
' Mosquito.
Nov, hi ir Majesty's Goverrimout does not pretend that
in this arti the United States acknowledged the afore-
said protectorate of Great Britain in Mosquito ; it wag
never the 'intention of her Majesty's'Government, or that
of the Bri' sish negotiator, to obtain. indirectly that-which
was not as iked for openly; but. it is evident that this
article clearly acknowledges the possibility of Great
Britain or the United States affording protection to Mos-
quito.or a n.Y. Central Anierican State; and that the inten-
tion of the parties was not to prohibit cr abOlish; but to
limit and reistrict, such protectorate. _
Bat supposing all mention of protection in the treaty
had been o-xiitted, and that the question at issue merely
rested on thew words "colonise, fortify, occupy, and as•
some or exercise dominion over," is there any one of these
terms which excludes the right of protection; although
each of there 'limits its capability'?

Defendiire or protecting is a temporary act of friend-
ship ; occupying, colonising, fortifying, er acquiring sove-
reignty, acre acts which have a permanent result.
It has never been held that neutral territories or king-
doms over which, other kingdoms are prohibited by treaty
from acquiring dominion—which ether kingdoms cannot
colonise,, occupy, nor fortify—may not be defended by
such kingdoms at the desire and request of the neutral
State; although it would doubtless be necessary for any
nation-undertaking such defence to tteelarer fere:2lllly and
promise clearly that it would not turn this transitory and
allowable- act into one of a continuous nature, which en-
gagements had prohibited.
No one will maintain that the bar to colonisation or for-
tifying is a bar to all protectiop; no one will assert that
to afford protection to a State and establish dominion over
it are necessarily the same thing ; no one will contend
that to send a naval or military force for the purpose .of
expelling an enemy from the territory of an ally, or of
punishing his antagonist, is to hold or occupy the terri-
tory of that ally or of his enemy.
Were this the sense of the word as inserted in the treaty
of 1830, as that word is equally applied to all Central
America as well as to Mosquito, it would have a far wider
signification than her Majesty's Government contemplated,
or than •that the United States' Governineet would, in all
probability, admit ; for, in such a case, neither Great Bri-
tain nor the. United States could, in any circumstance,
employ force, naval or military, against any Central Ame-
rican State, however great or just the provocation they
might receive.
Citizens of the United States, for instance, might on
their way from California to Washington be arrested and
confined on any suspicion or pretext, and the demands of
the United States for their release refused. But is it
.to
be argued, that under such circumstances the United
States could not send an armed forced into Nicaragua to
compel the release of the citizens from California, and
chastise those who had unjustly incarcerated them ? The
United States' Government, however, would be bound to
state the object it had in view in sending a force into Ni-
caraguae it would be bound to declare that it did not
mean to colonise, fortify, occupy, or establish its sove-
reignty over Nicaragua, and by adhering'to this pledge its
treaty obligations would be fulfilled.
But surely this dispute as to the nature and meaning of
protection is one that should not have 'arisen with respect
to the treaty of 1850.
The very object and nature of that treaty ought to ma-
nifest that protection is not equivalent to occupation or
sovereignty, and that it does not of necessity imply the
acquisition of any exclusive advantages to the parties pro-
tecting, or give those parties exclusive control over that
which is protected. Great Britain and the United States, by
the said treaty, bind themselves to protect certain canals,
or railways, which may be formed through various inde-
pendent States ; Great Britain and the United States do
not by this protection acquire any right of sovereignty or
occupation over such canals or railways, whilst they
carefully exclude .themselves from having any exclusive
control over them, and from deriving from them Any exclu-
sive privileges.
It is surely unnecessary further to discuss the construc-
tion of the treaty with reference to the protection ,of Mos-
quito. That her Majesty's Government merely expresses
now that view of the treaty which it entertained, and
which it had understood that the Government of the
United States entertained, when the treaty was concluded,
is evident from the fact that, within little more than-a
month after the treaty of 1850 had been ratified her Ma-
jesty's Minister at Washington entered into further nego-
tiations with the Government of tho United States eela-
tive to the. position of Mosquito, interpreting the treaty as
her, Majesty's Government now interprets it. That there
was nothing extraordinary, unnatural, or unfair in the in-
terpretation thus given to the treaty by her Majesty's Go-
vernment, is equally evident from:the fact that such inter-
pretation was at once accepted by the Secretary of State,
Mr. Webster, than. whom uo statesman at that time living
whether in Europe or America, was more fitted to compre-
hend the spir.t or analyse the-wording-of-any international
obligation; and that her Majesty's Government was not. at
that time, and not now, animated by any such object as
that of obtaining any peculiar interest or control over the
River San Juan, or the canal that may be formed from its
waters, is like vise d ornoastrated by the circumstance worth
noting, that the object which Great Britain bad in view
in pursuing these further negotiations with the United
States was that of withdrawing her protection from the
very town called Greytown, or San Juan do Nicaragua,
and the adjoining territory, and of pacing the same in the
hands of seine Central American State, on conditions in
nowise beneficial to herself, or only beneficial in so far as
such conditions tended to maintain .a state of peace and
tranquillity. in that part of the world to which they re-
lated, and to preserve the Mosquitos in a territory border-
ing that which was to be ceded, in an inoffensive state of
neutrality and security.
Indeed, when her Majesty's Minister, in a conversation
which took place about the end of July, 1851, on this sub-
ject, agreed, ou the part of the British Government, to
assign Greytown to Nicaragui, upon her coining to a fair
settlement with Costs Rica as to some of the points of con-
tention between them, and upon her agreeing to leave the
Mosquito people unmolested within certain portions of the
territory which they. now occupy, and over which the
Spanish dominion never, otherwise than nominally, ex-
tended, Mr. Webster, whifet observing that the United
States had no direct interest in any question concerning
Nicaragua and Mosquito, except as respected the construc-
tion of a canal, and its free navigation, and that,' conse-
quently, he did not wish to take an active part in any ne-
gotiation extending beyond these limits, added, addressing
himself to the Nicaraguan Minister, who was present, that
he considered the offer made by the British Minister was
one which the Nicaraguan Government might consider as
a fair basis for au arrangement ; and her Majesty's Govern-
ment then entertained the hope and belief that, by 'the
friendly understanding subsisting between Great Britain
and the United States, and the joint efforts of both, such is
settlement would be speedily concluded between all the
parties interested as would enable her Majesty's Govern-
ment to release itself from the duty of protecting or defend
ing Greytown, in which, for the time being, a self-elected
body, in a great measure composed of United States' citi-
zens, was carrying on the Government in the name of the
King of Mosquito.
The preceding observations comprise all that her Ma-
jesty's Government has now to say with regard to that por-
tion of Mr. Buchanan's statement to which they have been
intended to reply.
But although the connection of Great Britain with Mos-
quito forms one of the subjects of Mr. BuClianan's commu-
nication, another subject, not less important, is the actual
condition of British Honduras, Ruatan, and the Bay
Islands.
It was never in the contemplation of her Majesty's Go-
vernment, nor in that of the Government of the United
States, that the treaty of 1650 should interfere in any way
with her Majesty's settlement at Belize or its dependencies.
It was not necessary that this should have been particu-
larly stated, inasmuch as it is generally considered that the
term " Central America "—a term of modern invention—
could only appropriately apply to those States at one time
united under the name of the " Central American Repub-
lics," and now existing as five separate republics; but in
order that there should be no-possible misconception at any
future period relative to this point, the two negotiators, at
the time of ratify ing the treaty, exchanged declarations to
the effect that neither of the Governments they represented
had meant in such treaty to comprehend the settlement
and dependencies in question.
- Mr. Clayton's declaration to her Majesty's Government
on this subject was ample and satisfactory, as the follow-
ing extract from this note of July 4, 1850, will show :
" The language of the
,first article of the convention
concluded on the 19th day of April last, between the Uni-
ted States and Great Britain, describing the country not
to be occupied, &c., by either of the parties, was, as you
know, twice approved by the Government, and it was
neither understood by them, nor by either of us (the ne-
gotiators), to include the British settlement in Hondurase
(commonly called British Honduras, as distinct from
.the
State of Honduras), nor the small islands in the "Eign
bourhood of that settlement which maybe known a its
dependencies.
•i To this settlement and these islands the treaty we ne-
gotiated was not intended by either of
title to them it is now, and has been my ries teton tlope h
through
•
out the whole negotiation, to leave as, the
.way meddling
treaty leaves it,
without denying or affirreing, in any
with the same, just as it stood previously.
Committee on. Foreign Relations
The chairman of the C
of the Senate, the lion. W. A. King, informs me that the
senate perfectly understood that the treaty did not include
British Honduras."
Such having been the mutual understanding as to the
exception of the settlement of Belize and its dependencies
from the operation of the treaty, the only question relative
to this settlement and its dependencies, in reference to the
treaty, that can now arise, is as to what is the Settlement
of Belize and its dependencies, or, in other words, as to
what is British Honduras and its dependencies.
Her Majesty's Government certainly understood that
the settlement of Belize, as here alluded to, is the settle=:
merit of Belize as established in 1850 ; and it is more war-
ranted in this conclusion from the fact that the United
gestates had, in 180, sent a consul to this settlement, which
consul had received his exequatur from the British Go-
vernment—a circumstance which constitutes a recognition
by the United States' Government of the settlement of
British Honduras under her Majesty as it then existed.
Her Majesty's Government at once states this, because it
perceives that Mr. Buchanan restricts the said settlement
within the boundaries to which it was confined by the treaty
of 1786; whilst her Majesty's Government not only has to
repeat that the treaties with Old Spain cannot be held, as
a matter of course, to be binding with respect to all the
various detached portions of the old Spanish-American mo-
narchy, but it has also to observe that the treaty of 1736
was put an end to by.e subsequent state of war between
Great Britain and Spain ; that during that war the boun-
daries of the British settlement in question were enlarged;
and that when peace was re-established between Great Bri
twat Nid stridizs9 trot: of wpolitioagatuxe, or relating to

territorial limits, revived those treaties "betvreen Groat B •
.
rs
tain and Spain -Which had previously existed.
Her Majesty's Government, in stating this fast, declarers
distinctly, at the same Limo; that itslias no projects of po.
litical ambition or aggrandisement whkiarspectlp tha-set..
Cement referred to; and that it, will be-itiebjectftp
to some'prompt, fair, andniticable arranallYtent Nnh tie
States in the vicinity of Bii[ish Honduras for regulating
thi omits which should be given to it, and Which shall not
henceforth be extended beyond the' bbirndaries now as-
signed to them.
As to Ruatan and the adjoining islands, all that can be
debateable as to them is, whether they are island depen.
deacies of Belize, or attached to some Central American
State.
Now it cannot be disputed that 'whenever Ruatan has
been pernaasently occupied; either in remote or recent
times, by anything more than a: military guard or flagstaff,
the occupation has been by British subjects. .
It is true that the Republic of Central America declared
that it had a flag flying in that island from 1 21 ta. 1839 ; but this fact merely rested on that Republic's declaration, and all.that is positively known is that when the British
Government were aware that a foreign flag Was flying at
Ruatan' a British ship of war was sent to haul it down, and
since ,that time no attempt has been made to re-establish
it; but, nn the contrary, when on two or twee occasions
complaints have been brought by the citizens of Central
American States against the settlers in Ruatin tothe com-
mandant. of Truxillo, the commandant -has referred them
to Belize, telling them that the island was
.British.
It is, moreover, a fact that Ruatan has becnrof late years,
without tray instigation on the, part of her Majesty's Go-
cerement, spontaneouily occupied by British subjects, and
that the superintendent of Belize has been in.the habit of
visiting the island, appointing the magistrates in it, and
generally managing its affairs'. In , going ;back to an-
cient times it is also well known that in 1742. the English
were formerly settled at Ruatan,-and that in the atlas of
the West Indian islands published by Jefferies, the King's
geographer,in 1795, Rattan or Ruatan is coloured as a
British possession; and although this island and that of
Bonacca have 'doubtless been at various times left unoe-
Auspieel,- sad at others claimed or held" by other powers, it
as certain that in 1838, 1839, or 1840, Great Britain not
only asserted her right to the same, but declared her in.
tention to maintain that right by force.
These circumstances, without entering further into the
subject, willnt least prove that the pretensions of Great
Britain to consider Ruatan and Bonacca dependencies of
Belize are of long standing, and existed. certainly at the
period of the treaty of- 1850. Indeed, Mr. Buchanan, in
his statement, observes that Ruatan was occupied in 1850
by Great Britain. But if Ruatan was at that time known
-te-besvee. upitd by Great Britain as a settlement 'of Belize,
and the United States' Government notwithstanding con-
sidered it to have been a portion of, Central" America, and
thereby comprehended in the treaty—which Belize and its
dependencies were not—the United States' Government
woald beyond dcubt have openly stated that it did not
consider Bunten included in the term "island dependen-
cies;" and Great Britain was therefore justified, since no
such exception was made, in deeming that her claim to
Ruatan, as a part of the elize settlement, was not about
to be disputed.
Her Majesty's Government deems that it. has by the
foregoing observations furnished an adequate reply to the
statement of Mr. Buchanan, and proved that the obliga-
tions of the treaty have in no respect being infringed.
But having performed this duty, her Majesty's Govern.
meat desires to say that it would be far more to its satis-
faction to arrange on fair terms any differences -of opinion
with the Government of the United States than to prolong
discussion and -argument respecting such_ differences. It
has also no difficulty in al,i.ng that although it did not,
by the treaty of 1850; abandon the right of Great Britain
to protect the Mosquitos, yet it did intend to reduce and
limit the exercise of that right.
TO practical difference between Great Britain and the
United States, with regard to the only mutually important
portion of Mosquito—namely, that portion to which the
construction and condition of the canal, which formed the
origin and basis of the greats, of 1850, applies, is very small
indeed. Th difference does not turn.up.ra the point
whether Greet Britain should retain her protection over
the port and town of San Juan, and the northern bank of
that river, but upon the conditions on which that protec-
tion should be withdrawn.

In short, the practical question at issue relative to arey-
town, and that part of the Mosquito country bordering
.upon the river San Juan, is not whether Great Britain
should, directly or indirectly, exercise dominion over the
same, but whither Nic , or some other equally inde-
pendent state, should obtain possession thereof, in a man-
ner consonant with the honourable obligaticns of Great
Brit un, the peace of the ceutral American continent, and
the safety from persecution of the Mosquito Indians; or,
on the other hand, whether Nicaragua should be put in
possession of that territory in a manner almost certain to
produce hostilities between Nicaragua and COsta Rica, and
to lead to the persecution and destruction of the Mosquito
people; an alternative to which Great Britain could not
consent, and which the Government of the -United States
coil./ have no motive in requiring. •
It is true that in that more remote portion of 'the Mos.
quito territory whore the chief or King of the Mosquitos
himself resides, a British consul or agent also resides ; and
this n sidont may oftentimes be called upon to give his
opinion or advice to the Mosquito Government, as is usual
when weak G vernments aro in alliance with strong ones,
more especially when those strong ones have agreed to pro.
tact the weak ones from external aggression, andraay there-
fore reasonably expect to have such influence over their
policy as may prevent them from giving just pretext for
invasion. •
It is true also that Englihmen may thus be in the coun-
cils of the King of Mosquito, acting as his Ministers ; but
Englishmen and Americans both hold the same position in
the Sandwich Islands, the goveriment of which is carried
on by foreigners, but is nevertheless (and the race is Indian)
considered and treated as independent. To alter this state
of things might at the present moment be impossible, but
her. Majesty's Government would be ready and willing to
enter into such engagements as should prevent Great Bri-
tain Troth receiving any privileges or advantages from the
Mosquito Government not granted to other States.

Her Majesty's Government can hardly anticipate any
difEculty at this time with the United States respecting
the continental establishment of Minium, the limits of
which, in 1850, were so well known, and can be so easily
ascertained, and which will not be extended ; but having
shown that its pretensions to the islands of Ruatan and
Bonacca are of no recent date, and that they were unques-
tioned by the United States Government in Iqso, her Ma-
jesty's Government cannot admit that an alteration in the
internal form of government of these islands is a violation
of the treaty, or affords a just cause of remonstrance to the
United States.

There are at all times two modes of dealing with matters
of business between nations ; the one calculated to excite
mutual irritation, the other to mitigate it; the one tending
to prolong and increase differences, the ether to diminish
and remove them'.

The latter is the mode which her Majesty's Government
earnestly desires in the present instance to adopt and to see
ndopted, for it can hardly be necessary to say that there is
no Government with which the people anti Government or
Great Britain more sincerely desire to live in intimate and
friendly relations than that of the United States. It is in
accordance with the spirit which her Majesty's Government
thus distinctly avows that her Majesty's Government thus
proposes-to that of the United States :
That the two Governments of Great. Britain and the
United States should at once endeavour to come to some

friendly understanding as to the government which should
be definitively formed at Greytown, iu order to admit of
the Mosquito authority being withdrawn therefrom ; and
as to the engagements which such • Government should
enter into with regard to the claims of Costa Rica, and the
future non-molestation of the Mosquitos ; and that the
two Governments should endeavour, in the same wanner,
to come to some friendly understanding as to this mode by
which protection may be most effectually afforded to the
Mosquito Indians.
It is the desire of her Majesty's Government, not only
to maintain the Convention of 1,50 intact, but to consoli-
date and strengthen it by strengthening and consolidating
I the friendly relations which it was calculated to -cement
and perpetuate. Her Majasty's Government regrets that
any misunderstanding should have arisen with respect to
its terms ; but it entertains the firm belief that, by the
explanations it has now given, and the proposals it makes,
that misunderStanding will be completely removed.
(Signed) CLARENDON.
Foreign-office, May 2, 1851.

MURDER IN STAFFORDSHIRE.

, The county of Stafford has again been the scene of
a fearful and revolting tragedy, the horror of which is,
however, very much mitigated by the conviction that
the perpetrator of it was the subject of mental aberra-
tion at the time of the commission of the terrible ad..
Alstonefield, where the frightful occurrence has taken.
place, is an extensive parish in Staffordshire, on the con-
fines of Derbyshire, from which latter county it is sepa-
rated by the River Dove. The village is picturesquely
situated on a western declivity above Dovedale, and is
rten miles from Leek, and six from Ashbcurn, in Derby-
ahi re.
A. cottage at Arcbford Moor, a secluded part of the
Oafish, lying between Alstonefield and Ilnlme:end, was
occupied by Thomas Berrisf ird, an old man, and two
relatives of his, named Ann Edge, aged 76, and Betsey
Edge, 56 years of age - the latter being familiarly called
"Betty Edge," being a niece of the old woman: The
two women occupied one bed, and the old man slept in ,
an adjoining bed in the same room. On Wednesday even.
ing last, the oceupents of the cottage retired to rest as
usual, nothing out of the ordinary course having cc-
currtd during the day. Oa Thursday morning, Betty
Edge, '
r gotezeprocuredauit is supposed, by some unaccountable
havingclock, and went down stairs, and
at 5 o
a hatchet, she returned to the bed-
room and dealt her aged aunt, who wag lying asleep,
several blows with it on the head. The noise et the blows'
awakened the old man, who was lying in the adjeining
bed, and he instantly arose and seized the murderess as
she was in the act of striking her Nictim another violent
blow, but he was too late to save the old woman's life.
The poor old woman, whose head and face were shock-
ingly disfigured, was unconscious, but not quite dead.
She was attended by Mr. Cridge, surgeon; of Bank Tup,
near Sheen; but she died in about an hour.
Information of the terrible occurrence was imme-
diately given to Police-constable Critchlow, and he forth-
with took Betty Edge into custody. No motive is as-
scribed for the commission of the deed. The murderess
has been ill, and under medical- attendance for 'some
time previonsly, and from all that we can learn there is
every reason to believe that at the time of the commis-
sion-of the fatal-deed she was not in- a sound st4te of
mind.---staffordskire Advertiser. , •
An inquest has been held, and a verdict of wilfulenure
der returned against Betty Edge, who has.coneeeeiently
. been committed to Stafford- gaol to take her trial at the
-summer assizes. - - • • -

CRYSTAL PALACE.—FIVE SHILLING RAY, April 26.
—Admissions on payment, season
;- ditto by
tickets, 4,593 ; total visitors, 5,122.
THE .M.URDER OF MRS. KELLY..--DUBLIN,. April. 25.
—The magisterial investigation rotative to the murder of,
Mrs. Sarah Kelly was resumed yesterday at Moat the
proceedings, as previously, being private. The steward
of the deceased and two other witnesses were examit ed,
but it is understood that nothing of importance was
elicted. The crown solicitor conducted the inquiry, and
professional men attended on the part of the represents-
awn; of the deceased- and of her nephew, Mr. StrevanF,
who continues in custody. The magistrates decided on
.emending all the prisoners until Wednesday next, and
la further reward of 2001. has been offered for private in-
formation relative to the murder, makitigthe amount'
owl 4tesicly offered VOL

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANZ,
Lessee, *Nit. K. T. Smith.
ENGLISH OPERA.
THIS EVENING will be ilroduccd
LUCIA DI LuLtERMOOR.
To con_lude with
THE YANKEE HOUSEKEEPER.

THEATRE ROYAL, HAYVA.REF.T.
radar the Management of Mr. Bucket One.
THIS EVENING,
THE EVIL GENIUS.

Followed by
EL GA.MBITAMO ; or, The Mexican Goldseeker.
Xa which PEREA. NENA and the Spanish Dancers will appear.

After which,
Gat ISIIA~V, BAGSFIA.W, AND BRADSHAW.
To conclude with
THE POSTMAN'S KNOCK.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFOTtD-STREET.
Under the Management of Mr. CuanvEs SEAN.
THIS EVENING,
For the Benefit of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Rean.
THE VICTOR VANQUISHED.
To conclude with
THE WINTER'S TALE.
Principal characters by Mr. and Ars. C. Yean.

ROYAL THEATRE ADELPEIL
Propriator and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
Directress, Madame Celeste.
THIS EVENING.
LIKE AND UNLIKE.
gown. B. Webster, Wright, P. Raiford, C. Selby, Garden
Madame Celeste, Miss Wyndham.
After which,
URGENT PRIVATE AFFAIRS.
To conclude with
HOW'S TOUR UNCLE ?

ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
Lessee and Manager. Mr. Alfred Wigan.
THIS EVENING
STILL WATERS RUN DEEP.

After which will be produced a New and douhly-moral, though
ocessively old, Melodramatic Fairy Extravaganza, entitled
TFIE DISCREET PRINCESS; or, the Three Glass Distaffs.
which Messrs. Emery, F. Robson, H. Cooper, Miss Marston,
end Miss Maskell will appear.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Lessees, Means. Shepherd and Creswtek.
THIS EVENING,
Will be performed a new Drama, entitled
HOW WE LIVE IN THE WORLD OF LONDON.

Followed by

SARAH'S YOUNG MAN.

To conclude with
THE TWO POI: I'S.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wra. Cooke.
THIS EVENING,
The Grand Spectacle, Lord Byron's MAZE PP A. and the WILD
ITORSE,in which the whole of Mr. W. Cooke's highly-trained lwrses
will appear.
After which, the EQUE'STRIAN SCENES in the CIRCLE. Miss
Kate Cooke en her mil-white charger, Snowdrop, in her elegant
Act of Mgnege de la Haute Ecole.
To conclude with ENGLAND'S HARVEST HOME and NATIO-
NAL STEEPLECHASE.
Immense preparations are in progress for Whit-Monday.
Box-office open fr)m E ev..n ti'l Fon'. Sta4e Manager, Mr. W.
West. Equestrian Director, Mr. W. Co )ke, jun.

EMMA STANLEY'S "SEVEN AGES OF WOMA.N.".
Evening performances as xsual, on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays;
And Fridays, at It o'clock.
Admission—Back Seats, Is.; Centre Seats, 25.; Stalls, 3s.
SAINT MARTIN'S HALL, Long-acre.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDaE.

Tan DAY—Morn. 2 min. aft. 7—Evening 44 niin.aft. 7
T 1-MoßßOw—,Morn. 25 min. aft. 8 —Evening 12 lain. aft. 9

THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, APRIL 27.
THERMOMETER, IN THE SFIADR.
61—highest since noon yesterday.
46 —lowest this morning and during the night.
45 —this day at noon,

BAROIRTZR, 29'47.
WIND, N.E.—Fresh, with very dull, rainy weather. It
rained heavily this morning, and indeed all day up to
nightfall.

APRIL 28.
4B—highest since noon yesterday.
44—lowest this morning and during the night.
51 —this day at noon.
3AROM ersu-29 65—rising.
• WIND, N.N.E.— Light, with fine, sunshiny, cold
weather.

"
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