The Sun.
London, England, 1851-08-09 00:00:00

MAJORITY-NOES, 62.

Armstrong, Sir A. Euston, Earl Mullings, J. R.
Ba'dock, E. H. Forster, Matthew Murphy, F. S.
Bell, Jacob Freestun, Colonel Newdegate, C. N.
Brookd, Sir A. B. Fuller, A. E. O'Brien, Sir Lucius
lirotherton, J. Goold, Wyndham Packe, C. W.
Bruce, Lord E. Grenfell, C. Pascoe Palmerston, Via.
Buller, Sir Y. Grey, Ralph W. Prime, Richard
Cabbell, B. B. Grosvenor, Earl Russell, Lord J.
Cholmeley, Sir M. Hamilton, G. A. Sibthorp, Colonel
Christy, Samuel Hawes, Benj. Smith, R. V.
Clay, Sir W. Ileathcote, Sir G. Spooner, R.
Cobbold, J. C. Henley, J. W. Stafford, Augustus
Collins, W. Heywood, James Taylor, Col.
Craig, Sir W. G. Howard, C. W. G. Thompson, Colonel
Darner, Colonel Hutt, William Verney, Sir H.
D'Eyncourt, T. Inglis, Sir R. Vyse, It. H. it. H.
Dick, Quintin Knox, Colonel Wilson, James
Dodd, G. Knox, W. S.
Duckworth, Sir J. Lewis, G. C. TELLERS.
Dundas, Admiral Lygon, General Rich, Henry
Dundas, Sir David Mahon, O'Gorman Bellew, R. M.
Dunne, Colonel Matheson, Colonel

THE DEAN AND CANONS AND THE CHURCHWARDENS
OF MANCHESTER.—The Bishop of Manchester preached a
sermon in the cathedral of his diocese on Thursday on behalf
of the Society for Assisting the Widows and Orphans of De-
ceased Clergymen in the Diocese of Manchester and
Chester. A collection was made subsequently, which pro-
duced the sum of 551. After the sermon, M. C. E. Cawley,
oue of the churchwardens, handed thirty guineas to the
treasurer of the society, in lieu of a collection which was to
have been made on Sunday morning after a sermon on behalf
of the society by the Rev. Canon Parkinson, but which the
churchwardens prevented, alleging that they alone had juris-
diction over the parish church part of the cathedral, and
that they could not allow any collection to he made without
having been asked.

[A DV ERTISEMENT].—THE GREAT EXHIBITION.—
A valuable, newly-invented, very small powerful waistcoat
pocket glass, only the size of a walnut, to discern minute ob-
jects at a distance of from four to five miles, which is found to
be invaluable at the Exhibition, and to Sportsmen, Gentlemen,
and Gamekeepers. To be had at 39, Albemarle.street.
Piccadilly, opposite the York-hotel. Opera and Race-course
glasses with wonderful powers—a small object can be clearly
seen from ten to twelve miles distant. Telescopes—a new and
most important invention in Telescopes, possessing such extra-
ordinary powers, that some, 3i inches, with an extra eyepiece,
will show distinctly, Jupiter's Moons, Saturn's Ring, and the
Double Stars. They supersede every other kind, and are of
all sizes, for the waistcoat pocket, shooting, military, and sea
purposes. Messrs. S. and B. Sonomons, Opticians, have
invented invaluable preserving Spectacle Lenses Immediately
they are placed before imperfect vision, every object appears
clear and distinct, the most aged defective sight becomes bright
and brilliant, is brought to its youthful, natural and original
state. The Invisible Organic Vibrator, and all kinds of acoustic
instruments for relief of extreme deafness. 39, Albemarle-
street, Piccadilly, opposite the York HoteL
COUNTY COURTS —There was printed yesterday,
by order of the House of Commons, a Parliamentary docu-
ment containing an abstract of the general rules and orders
for and concerning the practice and proceedings of the
county courts in England, as certified to the Lord Chancel-
lor by the five judges of county courts appointed under the
Act 12th and 13th Victoria, chap. 101, sec. 12, and approved
of by three of the judges of the superior courts at Westmin-
ster. The rules and orders, which have been expected for
some time past, are numerous and extend to more than 20
folio pages. They were framed by Mr. Sergeant Dowling,
Mr. Brandt, Mr. Espinasse, Mr. Gale, and Mr. Furner.
The orders were approved by Lord Chief Justice Jervis, Mr.
Justice Erle, and Mr. thrall Martin, on the 20th of May
last. They were certified by the Lord Chancellor. The sit-
tings of the courts are to be regulated on or before the Ist of
January next, and in matters of insolvency the rules of
practice used by the Court for the Relief of Insolvent
Debtors in London are to be used and adopted in insolvency
and protection cases so far as the same are applicable to the
county
SUICIDE AT SOUTHWARK-BRIDGE.— Last night
Mr. W Payne, the coroner, held an inquest in the Vestry-
hall, Ilorselydown, on the body of Henry Edmonds, aged 50.
George Connew, a fireman, employed on the floating-engine
at the upper side of Southwark-bridge, on Monday morning
last, about five o'clock, saw a man leap into the water,
striking his head against the triangle in front of the engine.
The deceased disappeared, and rose again opposite the
Welch Trooper public. house, Bankside, when he afterwards
sunk. The wife of the deceased, of New-street, Southwark-
bridge-road, stated that the deceased left home at an early
hour, as was usual, to go to his employ at Mr. Fletcher's, the
engineer. He had been restless all the previous night, and
when he went out he said to witness, " God bless you.
Witness heard that a person had thrown himself from the
deceased
aendd
pass paralysisab eb t of
fitv heeo'clock.
limbs.lek
Deceased
and was not then found. The deceased had been very
steady in his habits, but had been afflicted with the brain
eeera s
Theeeeatorsieldlgamas
t,emtahnen cisawutihtee
watched, all excited wheni
va hel
Scott,l t h
am
le
cbleiedeirdfunLoatnbdkenotte abte
h rems aa said
having proved finding the body, the jury returned a verdict
of " Insanity."
THE CONVICT MARY Roouas.--This unfortunate
woman, who was condemned on Saturday last for the murder
of her infant child, by drowning it in a pool at Wilstone,
near Church-Stretton, has since made a full confession of her
guilt.
In a letter to her brother on Monday last she stated
that her hand alone committed the deed. We believe that
strenuous efforts are being made in high quarters to obtain
a commutation of the sentence, and rumour says that several
benevolent individuals are preparing a petition to be trans-
mitted to the Secretary of State. We earnestly hope that
these efforts will be successful, and that the wretched wo-
man's life may be spared.—Shrewsbury Chronicle.

The directors recommend that a dividend at the rate
of five per cent., up to the 30th of April last, be paid
to the shareholders upon the amount of their respective
shares.
The following directors, viz., G. M. Murray, Esq.,
William Whitelock, Esq., and Daniel Wane, Esq.,, retire
by rotation, and being eligible for re-election, offer them-
selves accordingly.
The following auditors also retire, and being eligible,
likewise offer themselves for re-election, viz., H. L. Mid-
dlemist, Eeq., G. H. Hodges, Esq., B. Williams, Esq.,
and John Miller, Esq., a duly qualified policy-holder,
offers himself to fill up the vacancy in the list of auditors,
and is recommended by the board.
By order of the board,
e 1
GEORGE M.Munieer,:Cuairman.
July 14th, 1851. •
The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the adoption pf the
report, observed that it was a matter- for congmtula,
tion that the company bad not sustained any loss
either from the dropping of lives, or in its loan de-
partment. By great energy and perseverance they
had been enabled to issue a large number of policies,
and to obtain an income of a highly satisfactory
amount, and which there was every prospect of being
materially augmented. The directors, at the Outset
of the office had deemed it well to drop the fire de-
partment, on account of the great risk of that kind of
business, having transferred its few fire policies to
another. The office had had a great many difficulties to
contend with, but the facts stated in the balance-sheet,
exhibiting the amount of business transacted, showed,
he thought, an unexampled amount of business to have
been transacted by so young an office. They had
been unfortunate in establishing a number of excel-
lent agencies. They had been very fortunate in the
selection of a board or agency at Norwich, as already
a number of shares . bad been taken lip, and sixty-
eight policies issued. If they were thus encouraged,
they should extend their agencies into other parts of
the country. The office, they would see, was situated
in an excellent position, and the lease of the premises
had been obtained on very advantageous terms—the
rent not being more than 1001. a year, and the value
of the lease was such that, with the great improve-
ments that had been made, it would realise, if sold, a
premium of 2,0001.; indeed, they could get, he
bad no doubt, 3001. a year for the eligible premises
they occupied.' With respect to the dividend, he
had to state that the directors conceived that it
would not be well, in the infancy of the office, to
declare a dividend, in order that the funds might
be augmented ; but as the deed provided that a
dividend of 51. per cent. upon the paid-up capital
should be declared, the directors had much plea-
sure in doing so, for it would not have been
advisable to have disappointed the shareholders, nor
to have contravened the terms prescribed in the
original prospectus.—(Hear, hear.) With respect to
the sum of 5001. mentioned in the balance-sheet as
having been appropriated to the directors for their
services, it was well he should mention that they
were empowered to take the money, and when the
preliminary expenses were being passed it had been
classed among them. They had sot, however, taken
the money ; the item was entirely subject to the
approval or disapproval of the shareholders, and
was put down •for their consideration. If voted to
them they should take it out in shares. They
must not, however, forget that the directors had
devoted a great deal of attention to the affairs of the
office for which they had not charged a farthing,
and surely they could not expect that men of
business would come day after day into the City
and attend zealously to their affairs without reward.
—(Hear) The office had been at considerable ex-
pense in its flirmation, for competition in life assur-
ance business was now so keen that much money
could not be made unless a good deal of money was
expended. It was well perhaps to remark that the
office derived the full credit of having been the first to
put life assurance within the reach of the working-
classes, by the establishment of various branch offices
for receiving the subscriptions of these classes in
small payments. He appealed to the shareholders and
policy- holders to exert themselves to extend the busi-
ness of the office, and to consolidate it.—(Hear,
hear.) Four-fifths of the entire profits belonged to
the policy-holder, so that it was to their interest to
do their best to promote the welfare of the office. The
prosperity of the office depended in a great measure
upon the shareholders and policy-holders, and he
trusted they would all join in a "strong pull, a long
pull, and a pull altogether."—(Cheers.)
A discussion then ensued, in which Mr. Lawrence
(of the Engine'Os' Life Assurance Company), Mr.
Sheridan (of the Times Life Assurance Company),
and others took' part with respect to matters in the
report and balance-sheet. At length a committee was
appointed to consider the amount of compensation to
which Mr. A. H. Smith, formerly the solicitor, was
entitled for proeuring the eligible premises occupied
by the society, and to consider the point with respect
to the remuneration of the directors for their past ser-
vices.

Mr. BEVAN, the manager, drew attention to the
fact 'that when he joined the office but ten policies
had been issued ; whereas there were now nearly 300.
He did not mention this in order to claim any particu-
lar merit to himself; but to mention the fact that
both himself and the other officers were badly remu-
nerated in comparison with the officers of other corn-
paniea which bad not transacted, and did not transact
a larger or more promising amount of business.
Throwing as he did his whole energies into the com-
pany; and being determined to promote its increased
success, so thats The office might take a proud position
among the avurance offices of the metropolis, he
trusted that his endeavours would be met in a fair
and liberal spirit by the directors and proprietors, and
that the proprietors would take care that if he served
them.well that he should not be removed from his
office without due and sufficient reason. He asked
for this security, because it often happened that those
who expended their best energies in raising a public
company to a position of considerable greatness were
, put aside without any just or sufficient reason.
' A resolution was then passed, recommending the
directors to increase the salaries of the manager and
the other officers. A resolution was also passed to
the effect that the directors should have full power to
suspend any officers for improper conduct, but that
they should not be dismissed without the approval of
a special meeting, to be called to consider the matter.
The report and balance-sheet was adopted, with the
exception of the matter referred to the consideration
of the committee. The retiring directors and au-
ditors were re- electrd, and a vote of thanks awarded
to them for their services.
A motion, awarding a vote of thanks to Mr. Bevan,
the manager, and the other executive officers of the
society, was then passed, on the motion of Mr. Fen-
ping, of Fenning's Wharf, who took occasion to
bigbly compliment the great and unwearied exertions
of the manager, Mr. Bevan, to promote the prosperity
and welfare of.the office. His exertions were beyond
all praise. The secretary, too, had sea ved the society
very efficiently..
The meeting. then separated.

THE BISHOP OF CLIFTON.—We hear that, imme-
diately after Miss Talbot's marriage, Bishop Hendren was
chasseed. The fact is, the Doctor did not manage that busi-
ness so adroitly as be ought to have done, especially when
we regard the large amount of money there was at stake.
He has, consequently, retired, and in his place Dr. Burgess of
Monthoutlishire; has been appointed. The new bishop will
reside at Prior-park, near Bath.--tidvertiser.

TIMES —lt has of late been several times remarked
that the redoubled oppression, both moral and political,
which hangs, with the solitary exception of Piedmont,
over all ports of Italy, is closely connected with the in-
creased pretensions and aggressive spirit manifested in
ecclesiastical affairs by the Court of Rome since the
restoration of the present Pontiff. For this
extension of the Papal authority is by no
means confined to the assumption of Menet chical
rights in countries long detached from the Romish See.
Is is, on the contrary, directed with even greater activity
and success against the liberties of the Church and the
joint rights of the civil power in States altogether Ca-
tholic; and the result of some of the recent measures of
the Pavel Government is to assert and exorcise a power
which never was conceded by the Italian Governments in
the most devout ages of the Catholic faith, and before
the schism had been declared between the authority
of the Pope and the great principles of human freedom.
Our attention is once more recalled to this subject by
the publication of the concordat signed on the 25th of
April of the present year between the Papal. See and
the Government of Tuscany; for the increasing strin-
gency of the provisions now exacted by the Church
not only demonstrates the deplorable and abject sub•
serviency of the civil power to the common fears ex-
cited by the revolution, but proves the general ten-
dency of the Church in this ago to claim a license it
entirely refuses to others, to place itself above the law,
and to efface the limitations which were imposed on its
powers by the prudence and energy of Sovereigns in
ages termed less liberal end less enlightened than our own.
The papers relating to Tuscany in the volume recently
reprinted for Parliament with reference to the regula-
tion of Catholics by foreign Governments, officially in-
form us that ever since the time of the Florentine Re-
public the Tuscan Government had been extremely
watchful that no authority whatever, particularly that of
Rome, should infringe on its sovereign rights. To this
end no act or decision was allowed to be carried into
effect in the Tuscan territory without the license of the
Seignory; nor could any ecclesiastical living or dignity
be taken possession of without similar permission from
the Government. A law of mortmain limited the pos-
sessions of the Church, the jurisdiction of the epis-
copal courts was transferred to the civil tribunals, and
every ecclesiastic was made subject to the judicel au-
thority of civil magistrates. The Inquisition was also
summarily abolished by Leopold 11. in 1782, and by a
circular of 1777 the subjects of Tuscany were for-
bidden to have recourse to Rome without the permis-
sion of their ewn Government ; nor even with that
permission were they dispensed from obtaining the
Regiurn Exequatur for every bull, brief, or Pontifical
rescript; though a distinction was made between the
briefs and rescripts which have an influence on
the civil state, and those which interest only,
the conscience of individuals by spiritual dis-
pensation or absolution. It was even provided
by one of these Leopoldine laws, as they were
' termed, that nothing should be read during meals
in the refectories of convents but the Scriptures in the
vulgar tongue. These laws were revived after the French
invasion, and have remained in force till a recent period.
They supply abundant evidence of the determination of
the Tuscan Government to prohibit, not by negotiation
with Rome, but of its own authority and mere motion,
every excess of foreign jurisdiction in ecclesiastical
affairs. We live, however, it seems, in different times,
and the Court of Rome is enabled in 1851 to exact con-
ditions from independent Governments which they dis-
dained to listen to in the last century. No sooner was the
Grand Duke of Tuscany restored, and M. Baldasseroni
brought back to the Ministry, than a negotiation was set
on foot for a concordat, which was eventually signed
by that Minister and Cardinal Antonelli on the 25th
of April, and gazetted in the Tuscan Itlonitore of he
sth of July. The object of this trealy is declared by the
preamble to be' to put the laWs Of Tuscany in harmony,
with the laws of the Church; for this purpose it is sti-
pulated absolutely that the ecclesiastical authority shall
encounter no obstacle in the exercise of its functions,
but that the civil authority will lend the Church the
support necessary for the exercise of episcopal power.
The bishops are free to publish what they please
in relation to their ministry. The ordinaries retain the
exclusive censorship over ecclesiastical publications, and
the bishops preserve their whole authority to restrain
the faithful from the perusal of books contrary to reli-
gion and morality. The bishops and their flocks are
free to communicate directly with the Holy See. All
causes, spiritual and ecclesiastical, belong exclu-
sively to the judgment of the ecclesiastical autho-
rity according to the sacred canons, though ecclesi-
astics may be tried for civil offences by the civil courts.
The property of the Church and benefices are to be
freely administered by the bishops and clergy, in
obedience to the canon law. Upon questions relat-
ing to pious bequests, or changes in ecclesiastical
property, the spiritual and civil powers shall concur
to obtain the assent of the Holy See, saving the
rights of the bishops to exert the powers conferred
upon them by the Moat Holy Council of Trent.
This instrument, of which we have here given a brief
but faithful description, completely establishes, for the
first time since the very existence of Florence, the sub-
jection of the State to the Church in all spiritual mat-
ters, or all that may be called so. It gives the bishops
power to enforce the orders, subject to no control,
which they may receive from Rome. It arms them
with a religious censorship of bcoks and opinions; and
it recognizes the Canon Law, irrespective of the laws of
the land, as the sole disposer of Church property,
under the sanction of the Papal See. Such conces-
sions amount to a real abdication of most important
sovereign rights, handed down by the Seignory of Flo-
renc.e,,desfanded by the Medici, and completed by Leopold
IL; and they demonstrate in an authentic form to what
extent Rome is even now prepared to carry her domi-
nion over a contemptible Government and au enslaved
people. The temporal power, which is the natural guar-
dian of these rights, hes betrayed its trust, and it con-
spires with the foreign authority of the Romish Church
to complete the destruction of all freedom of thought
and independence of life amongst the people. In such a
state we are not surprised to learn that Count Guicciars
dini has lately been condemned to prison and exile for
reading the Bible to his friends; and that even the ex-
ercise of public worship by the English residents in
Florence has been made the subject of obstruction and
persecution by the Government. Three years ago, or
little more, Tuscany was the happiest and best-governed
portion of Italy, and the present G rand Duke, though defi-
cient in character and energy, was justly in possession of
the confidence and affection of his subjects. Those qualities
did not protect him from the violence of the Democratic
party, and he was driven from his dominions as summa-
rily as the bigotted Duke of Modena or the foolish Prince
of Parma. A more honest popular movement afterwards
recalled the Grand Duke to power, but he unhappily
returned entirely subject to the predominant system of
Austrian military repression, and the more subtle domi-
nation of Rome. Between Vienna and the Vatican the
independence of the minor States of Italy is extin-
guished ; and the Tuscan Government has been
driven into the very policy for which it suffered
unjustly in 1849. That is the ordinary result of
that conflict in Italy between two extreme parties,
which limits the experiment of rational government
to the dominions of the King of Sardinia, and even
there endangers its ultimate success. Because we
regard with aversion the evils of one extreme, we
are not the more tempted to tolerate the evils of the
other. A government of fanatics and enthusiasts who
speculate on the delusions of the people, and violate in
the name of freedom the laws and authority essential to
every Christian state, is a bad exchange even for such
governments as we now witness relying for support on
their prisons, their priests, their police, and on foreign
armies. Between such alternatives, that appears the
worst which happens for the time to be most powerful;
for both are incapable of the just and moderate exercise
of power. Those of our own countrymen who are led
by their natural indignation at the present state of Italy
to encourage the plots and schemes of the Italian demo-
crats are misled by that generous but ill-informed sym-
pathy which may always be easily kindled amongst us.
For those democratic leaders are as much the enemies of
the constitutional Government of Piedmont as they are
of the Pope and the King of Naples. Indeed, they pre-
fer the violent absolutism of the latter to the hospitable
toleration of the Ccurt of Turin, because they know it is
playing their game. A large portion of these very ex-
cesses are due to the indiscriminate hatred they have
absurdly proclaimed of all government, good or bad;
and we know not which is the greatest curse to Italy,
the foreign armies that oppress her, or the Italian fugi-
tives scattered over Europe to agitate, to lure, and some-
times to invade their country, which only snows them in
her days of anarchy and by the ruins they leave behind
them.

ADVEATISER.—Mr. Gladstone's letter to Lord
Aberdeen on the treatment of a Neapolitan gentleman
in Pius the Ninth's prisons, in Rome itself, disclose
horrors:to which parallels can be found only in the nar-
ratives of captivity among the Algerines in their pira-
tical days; of the British prisoners in the Black Hole
of Calcutta; of the merchants and mariners tortured in
Batavia; and of Jews, Protestants, and wealthy Roman
Catholics, immured in the inquisitions of Valladolid,
Goa, Madrid, Lisbon, and Rome, in the darkest ages.
We are taught by the highest authority that a tree is to
be known by its fruit. If the very same effects are pro-
duced by the alleged Christianity of the Papacy, as by
the real Mahomedanism of the Algerine sea robber and
the savage slaughterer of the Mabrattas, in what respects
do they differ, save in the greater or less duration and
intensity of the tortures which they inflict? The cells in
the gaols belonging to his Holiness, the self-styled
" Vicar of Jesus Christ on earth," are said to be 8 feet
11 inches in length, 7 feet 7 inches in breadth, and 7
feet 10 inches in height, and each contains two prisoners,
although the air in that space is altogether insuffi-
cient for one. When it is considered that at this time
of the year the ordinary heat of Rome is 99 degrees of
Fahrenheit, while at Algiers it is 87, and in Calcutta
and Batavia 97, we obtain a further exemplification of
the rule for discovering tho tree by its fruit. It neces-
sarily follows, that cruelties which the world has never
ceased to execrate in the unbelievers, are exceeded by
the heed of the Roman Catholic Church. His gaolers,
too, are mercifully invested with the privilege of inflict-
ing severe floggings at pleasure for slight offences, or of
chaining the victims of pontifical cruelty with a weight
of iron, which incaplcitates them from moving. The
coast qucnces are easily foreseen ; madness, suicide, and
attempts at suicide, are frequent, and the rate of mor-
tality is high. Besides this inhuman treatment, pi i-
suers are sometimes starved to death. Six died of
starvation within a few days, two were put . chains for
attempting suicide, and two were carried to the mad-
house raving, and is a hopeless state. "I protest," Lava
the patriot, Father Gavazzi, " I have more respect for
the Grand Llama of Thibet, as a more excusable object
of blunt, downright homage from congenial and kindred
barbarians, than for such a grim jumble of carnifex and
pontffex, hangman and high priest, its the present omi-
t of the Vatican and the Castle of St. Angela (the
arched causeway connecting palace and prison has just

The most perfect opera in the world, Don Gio-
vanni, was repeated here last evening, on which occa-
ion Madlle. Alboni appeared for the first time this
season as Zerlina, and acted the peasant girl in the
most archly naive manner imaginable. Never have
we heard the music so deliciously rendered as it was
by Madlle. Alboni. All her principal morceaux were
encored, and the audience desired to encore even
the " Giuvenette" which she sings as she
enters with Masetto. The "La ci darem"
was exquisitely give❑ by Alboni and Coletti ;
the " Batti Batti" was sung with infinite taste, spirit,
and espieglerie. The great triumph of the night,
however, was the " Vedrai Carino ;" her exquisite
fioriture at the end of this air brought down a hearty
burst of applause, such as is seldom heard within the
walls of this aristocratic establishment. Lablache, as
Leporello, was in superb voice, and in most buoys,nt
spirits ; and Coletti, as the Don, was ad-
mirable. Madame Fiorentini gave a careful
and conscientious version of the music of
Donna Anna, and produced an immense effect
by the intensity of her acting. Madame Giuliani
still continues to be the best Elvira on the stage, and
Calzolari made a pleasing Don Ottavio. The house
was crowded. On Monday an Italian version of
Balfa's Quatre Fils Aymon (which was originally
produced at the Opera Comique, Paris) will be per-
formed under the title oft Quattri Fratelli. The
opera will be performed on Monday for the benefit of
the maestro himself, who enjoys a European reputa-
tion. It has been "succes6.olly performed in all the
great towns of the Continent, and wee so popular at
Vienna that it was not unfrequently played at more
than one theatre the same evening.