The Sun.
London, England, 1834-11-20 00:00:00

BRAZIL PAPERS.

RIO DE JANEIRO, SEPT. 3.—The President of the
province cif Bahia having applied to the Government to
know what was to be done with the negroes fraudulently
imported, the Minister of Justice has assured him, that as
the law of November 7, 1831, which orders such negroes
to be re-exported to the coast of Africa, cannot be strictly
complied with, in consequence of some obstacles having
arisen, which only the Legislature can remove. These
negroes shall b.. employed according to the provisions of
that law in the public works of the province.
SEPT. 3.—DECREE.—The Regency, in the name of the
Emperor Don Pedro 11., has thought fit to prorogue
the present session of the General Legislative Assembly to
the last day of the month of September next ensuing.—
Palace of Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 29, 1834.
SEPT. 6.—The Minister for Foreign Affairs has addressed
a circular to the Brazilian Consuls abroad, to the effect that
as it is necessary they should have information respecting
Brazilian subjects, residing either permanently or tempora-
rily in the respective counties, that they may be able to
protect them in case of need,-the said Consuls are to give
notice that such Brazilian subjects as do not enter their
names, places of abode, and other particulars which may be
thought necessary, in the registers which are to be kept
for that purpose, will not be entitled to claim the protec-
tion which the Consul would be bound to afford them.

Application having been made in the name of the Chamber
of Deputies to the Government for copies of the notes and
dispatches addressed to the English and Portuguese diploma-
tic agents at this Court, as well as to the Minister of Brazil
et London, respecting the means of putting an end to the
slave trade, the Government states in reply, that though
the negotiation is still pending, yet desiring to show its
readiness to comply with the wishes of the Chamber, it
does not hesitate to acquaint it with all that it has done in
a matter of such importance to Brazil. The Regency has
therefore ordered copies of the dispatches, and notes to be
prepared, which have been addressed to the said Portuguese
and English diplomatic agents at this Court, and to the
Brazilian Ministers at London, Paris, and Washington, in
the well founded hope that the Chamber of Deputies will
be pleased to take the necessary steps for the complete exe-
cution of the law of the-7th of November, 1831.
SEPTEMBER 9.—Sunday last, the 7th of September, be-
ing the 12th anniversary of the independence of Brazil,
was celebrated with the usual ceremony and rejoicing at
noon. His Imperial Majesty, with the Princesses, the
Regency, the Ministers of State, and the officers of the
household, attended 7'e Deuni in the Imperial chapel, after
which there was a grand parade of the troops of the line
and the national guards. His Majesty then proceeded to
the grand audience chamber, where he received first a depu-
tation of the Chamber of Deputies, at the head of which was
Dr. Saturnina de Louza e Oliveira, who addressed his Ma-
jesty in an appropriate speech. It is to be regretted that
the Senate did not remember to congratulate his Majesty
on so solemn an occasion. The only senators that appeared,
and that without any mission from the Chamber were
the Marquesses Barbacena and St. Joao de Polma,
Viscounts de Cayra and Congou, Las da Campa, and Senor
Duque Estrada. The Diplomatic body then paid its re-
spects, and the Count M. de Priest, the French Minister,
as the Senior, delivered a short but "energetic address.
Mr. Fox, the English Minister, entered soon afterwards and
presented a letter from H. B. M. with many expressions
of regard on the part of his Sovereign. Many hundreds of
persons of the higher classes then entered to pay their
respects. Never since the accession of his Imperial Majesty
was there so numerous and brilliant an assembly at the
Palace. His Majesty invited a distinguished company to
dinner, at which many patriotic and loyal toasts were pro-
posed.
At five o'clock the Society for the Defence of the Na-
tional Liberty and Independence caused Te Deuni to be
performed with great solemnity and pomp in the Church of
St. Francisco de Parta, which was magnificently decorated
on the occasion. The city was illuminated in the evening.
—Correio o.bicial (to Sept. 9 inclusive.)

AIR. BULWER'S NEW ROMANCE.—" The last
days of Pompeii " is indeed a work of great power, originality,
and beauty. The subject is a grand one. Mr. Bulwer gives
us the private life, the amusements, the feasts, and the religious
observances of the Pompeiians ; and connected with the clas•
sical remembrances thus furnished, a tale of such interest and
variety, so dramatic, and yet so rich in nature, that we cannot
do justice to the treat it has afforded us, but by offering the
tribute of our most fervent admiration. Finely contrasted
characters, well-managed incidents, thrilling situations, and
animated dialogues, delight us throughout, and awaken our
best sympathies. While engaged in perusing it, we enjoy the
startling excitement of a melo-drama, the luxury of antiqua-
rian research, and the enthusiasm of poetry, combined with
correct views of human nature. This is a romance which will
not soon pass away.—Sunday Times.
A murder was committed a few days since at Kil-
rush, which shows at what value human life is estimated. A
man named Darby Glynn was at the Sessions, and had some
law proceedings with a man named Michael Ryan. Ryan
employed two men to beat Glynn, and the price agreed upon
was three glasses of whiskey each I They gave the unfortunate
man such a beating that he died on the 29th ult. The two
raon, named Comyn and O'Neill, were arrested on the spot,
and Ryan had been taken lay the exertions of Mr. Blake, C.C.
; One of them has turned approver.—Limerick Paper.

At a time when so much has berm saa and written
on the commercial inquiry which h s been going on in
France, the following observations,, made by the Jour-
nal du Commerce, possesses more :than usual interest :
" One of the chief objections started by the friends
of the prohibition system to a reform in our customs'
tariff, is founded on the consequences they. attribute to
the commercial treaty of 1786 la etween France and
England. We must premise observing, that the
question is not now one relating to France entering
into a contract with another nation for the exchange
of commodities. The reform we ask, and which is
called for by all the enlightened pare of the nation, has
for its object the general improvement of our commerce,
and particularly in that which relates to articles of con-
sumption. We do not ask for th.:- bringing the pro-
duce of English industry into competition with the
produce of the industry of our cou)atry ; we wish that
the terms on which we produce may he so harmonized
as to enable our manufacturers to come into the mar-
ket as well as their foreign rivals. We do not, how-
ever, think that it will be any the less useful to correct
all the errors and exaggerations to which the treaty of
1786 has given rise. The Consultative Chambers of
Commerce have represented its consequences in a false
light.
" The attack against the treaty of 1786 has ap-
peared to be against the very honesty of those persons
who drew it up. Old accusations :have been re-pro-
duced : it has been said that industry was secretly sold
to England. To refute all these reports it will suffice
to state that the drawing up of the treaty was entrusted
to Dupont de Nemours, the pupil and friend of Turgot,
well known for his financial labours, by order of the
Constituant Assembly. As to M. de Rayneval, who
signed it conjointly with Lord Auckland, all the reports
circulated concerning him have been proved to be un-
founded ; lae died poor With the grief of having seen
his reputation sullied by calumny.
" The principles laid down in the treaty of 1786,
were good in themselves. It may be said of it, that it
did not sufficiently take into account the precise state
in which our industry then was, and that principles of
commercial liberty were too suddenly brought into
practice, without first having taken proper measures
for counteracting the effects of the conflict of interests
resulting from the transition. This was but a want of
tact ; the treaty bore a radical error: whilst it opened
our ports to the produce of the English manufactories,
upon payment of`a duty of 12 per cent., it contained no
corresponding advantage for our productions. Then, our
wines were subjected, notwithstanding reductions, to a
duty of 1,200 f. per tun, about 50 per cent. of the value ;
our brandies Bf. 40c. per gallon of three bottles and a
half, or 245 per cent of the value ; our vinegar to
835 f. per tun, being 175 per cent. The real mischief
of this treaty of 1786 was in the disproportion of the
tariffs. We admitted the produce of the English ma-
nufactories on the payment of a duty of only 12 per
cent., whilst England exacted duties of 50, 175, and
245 per cent. on the admission of the chief of our
agricultural productions.
" We shall now examine and see if the consequences
of the treaty of 1786 were so disastrous as it is now
pretended that they were. We find that trade between
the two nation's,' which before the treaty was not more
than about 48 millions (1,920,0000, has doubled in
three years after—we give the figures :
Value of
Years. Exports. Imports. Total.

Pr. Fr. Fr."
1787
1788
1789 ...... ... 35;104,000
. _ . ___

" But it is said that France was inundated with
British manufactures : to get at the real facts, let us,
asiate
countries take theparticulars of the trade between
the two ies in the year 1788."

We copy the following statement from Arthur
Young's " Tour in France," published thirty-five
years ago•
IMPORTATIONS INTO FRANCE FROM ENGLAND IN THE
•,YEAiil7BB.

t Livres tourn.
Timber, coals, and articles in their natural state 16,553,400
(The coals alone amounted to 6,000,000)
Other articles which are not the immediate pro-
duce of the soil
Manufactured goods
Goods of foreign manufacture brought by British
vessels
Liquids for drinking
Articles of food, such as salt meat, butter, &c 9,992,300
Drugs 1,995,900
Spices 1,026,900
Horned cattle and horses
Snuff and tobacco
Sundry articles
Cotton and West India produce

Total (2,377,330/. ).. 60,621,900
EXPORTS FROM FRANCE TO ENGLAND IN THE YEAR 1785.
.
'Ayres tourn.
Timber, coals, and articles in their natural state 534,100
Other articles which are not the immediate pro-
duce of the soil
Goods of French manufacture
Goods of foreign manufacture exported .. 2 015 100
_ , ,

Wines, &c.
Articles of food
Drugs
Spices none.
Cattle and horses
-
Snuff and tobacco
Sundry Articles
West India cotton . 4,297,100
West India produce .. 641,100

Total 1,194,4510.

Liv. T. 30,458,500

Thus of the foreign manufactures imported, 7,700,900
livres' worth, though brOught by British ships, were
not of l3ritish manufacture, and 19,101,900 were the
produce of English industry ; so that, subtracting from.
this latter sum the amount of our own manufactures
exported, the balance on these goods, in favour of
Emyland, was about 14,000,000.
This is not all. It is important that it should be
known that the amount of manufactured goods im-
ported into France by England went on decreasing
yearly during the three years the treaty was in opera-
tion. It was 33 millions in 1787 ; in 1788 it fell to
27 millions ; and in 1789 it was no more than 23
millions. If the amount of Foreign manufactures, not
British, imported into France, waN in 1789 more than
to the amount of seven millions, as in 1788, it follows
that in the latter year (1789) England brought into
France but 16 ,millions of her own manufactures ;
and as the export of our manufactures in 1789
amounted to about ten millions, the balance in favour
of British industry as against the French was no more
than six millions. To this, and no more, did all the
consequences of the treaty of 1786, which are repre-
sented as having been so disastrous to the country,
amount. When first the interdiction to free inter
course between the two nations was removed, the new
' market thus opened was largely supplied with British
manufactures ; still the quantity imported into France
ciciri
sdeeatieobstty Manchesterietmah cpeemoped ratiiandt wotdinleeesan.rtqly m
dearly
for
aTfnohtiriel
tl
tio
itehosnewsonm,f
his onfei
Birmingham
oi
produce
coya
adeuutcri
ef the
enxatentroc-i
us ; and failures to the amount of four hundred mil-
lions wete the consequence. The amount of these im-
portations decreased one-third in the two subsequent
years ; and we have no doubt that it would have con-
tinued so to do, for our manufacturers, pushed by the
British competition, had already begun to make great
progress and improvement in their factories.
" We have spoken but of manufactured produce ;
but amongt the importations from England, did we
not receive for sixteen millions of articles necessary to
our industry ? Were not the metals, the timber, arti-
cles of importance ? Were not the coals an auxiliary
to our labours, the importance of which would have
gone on increasing ? In short, was not the salted meat

* Take 25 francs for each pound sterling.
t Take 25 livres 50 cents for each pound sterling.