The Sun.
London, England, 1834-07-04 00:00:00

THE LAST AND ONLY CHANCE.

/MARTIN and CO. respectfully announce that on the
1 11 2:2d of THIS MONTH (July), the PRESENT LOT-
TERY WILL BE DRAWN. After that day Lotteries will
cease. Adventurers will only have this opportunity to gain a
large sum at a trifling risk. The Scheme contains Prizes of
£16,000 £lO,OOO £3,000 £2,000, &c. &c.
The holders of Prizes will have the option of receiving the
Property (or Money, as soon as drawn) deducting five per cent.
on prizes above 1001. to cover expenses in selling that property.
Martin and Co. sold No. 404, a Prize of 10,0001., at No. 8,
Cornhill, and No. 86, Oxford-street ; and, as usual, paid the
same on demand.

We now present THE SUN to our readers in the
enlarged form which we promised at the beginning of
the Session. The delay arose entirely from unavoid-
able circumstances which we could not contemplate,
and the disappointment of the public cannot have been
greater than our own.
From the additional facilities which the increased size o
the paper affords, together with new type and superior
machinery, we hope to render THE SUN still more
worthy qf general support, for we appeal not to any
party, but to the public at large.
It is our intention, as opportunity permits, to devote a fair
share of the paper to Literary and Scientific, as well
as to other purposes ; but as " doings" are better than
"sayings," we shall leave it to the public to judge
THE SUN according to its future deserts.

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LONDON,
ERIDAY EVENING, JULY 4, 1834

We beg to direct particular attention to the excel-
lent observations made by the LORD CHANCELLOR
on presenting a petition in the House of Lords yes-
terday, from the inhabitants of Kingston-on-Hull, for
lowering the stamp duty on newspapers. We regret
exceedingly that we have not space to day to allow u s
to enter into a careful examination of the excellent
reasons stated by the petitioners to induce the Le-
gislature to comply with the prayer of their petition.

The Southampton Railway Bill was read a third

me in the House of Lords yesterday, and only awaits

the Royal Assent to become law. This is, indeed,
cheering intelligence ; as nothing can have a more
direct tendency to benefit the country than a speedy
communication with the Metropolis. The Bill now
passed was carefully considered by both branches
of the Legislature, and we have reason to know
that every means was adopted to prevent any
unnecessary individual injury or infringement.
This was all that could be done ; for in every
change for the better some persons will and must
suffer ; because there is no abuse, no error, no disad-
vantage of either a public or private nature, in the
maintenance of which there is not some individual
who has an interest. But these things must not be
made to impede the national improvement.
The effect of the Southampton Railway Bill
will be to open a direct communication between
the whole of the western counties of England and
London. In the shipping department alone there will
be a saving of hundreds of thousands of pounds an-
nually ; as vessels which might be three weeks drifting
round the coast, before they could cast anchor in the
Thames, can have their whole freight transmitted to
the London market in as many clays. Then there is
the facility afforded to agriculturists to be taken
into account, who can thus dispose of the fruits
of their toil with one-hundredth part the
expense and trouble which they can at present. And
all this independent of the advantages which will be
gained by all parties in a moral point of view—the
diffusion of a taste for the elegancies of life, and the
means of gratifying it, to the remotest corner of the

kingdom.

We trust that Parliament will follow up the wise
course which it has adopted in regard to this Bill, by
passing as speedily as possible the great Western Railway
Bill, .which in all conscience has been long enough
under consideration. We are the more anxious that
the latter Bill should be passed, on account of the
complaints made by the people of Ireland of their
great distance from the seat of Government. Now,
the Western Railway, by opening a communication
with Bristol, will stifle these complaints in the
breasts of all reasonable people ; as, measured
by time, London will be as near to Dublin
as Belfast, Galway, or Cork : and a market
will be opened for the sale of Irish produce, which
will afford facilities of improvement, of which we can
form no adequate conception. We believe that the
only opposition which has been made to the passing of
this Bill, arose out of the feelings of some noble per-
sons, who conceived their dignity trenched upon by
tale appearance
appearance of a railroad within sight of their do-
mains. But however noble these persons may be, we
submit that it would be unworthy the Legislature to

THE SUN, LONDON, FR

allow such whims to interfere with, much less hinder,
their adoption of a wise and liberal policy ; and we
have every hope that the Bill will be passed, as early
as may be consistent with the forms of the several
branches of the Legislature.

Our readers will learn with satisfaction, that although
the Irish Coercion Bill is to be renewed for another
year, yet that one of its most vexatious and oppressive
clauses, relative to the holding of Courtsmartial, is to
be wholly repealed. This is a great boon to Ireland,
and we wish that that country had been in a condition
to justify the abandonment of the Coercion Bill alto-
gether, but unfortunately it is very far from being in
such a satisfactory state of tranquillity. The follow-
ing is the Bill as modified, and introduced by Earl
GREY in the House of Lords :

Whereas an Act was made in the third year of his present
Majesty, intituled " An Act for the more effectual suppression
of local disturbances and dangerous associations in Ireland,"
which said recited Act was to continue in force until the Ist
day of August, 1834; and whereas it is expedient that the said
recited Act should, under certain modifications, be further
continued for one year : be it therefore enacted, &c., that the
said recited Act, except such parts thereof as are hereby re-
pealed, shall be, and the same is hereby further continued, and
shall be in force until the Ist day of August, 1835.
And whereas the said recited Act contains certain
clauses, provisions, and enactments to authorise the holding of
Courtsmartial, and for constituting and appointing such
courtsmartial, and for the trial of certain persons before such
courtsmartial, and for regulating the proceedings of such
courtsmartial, and for carrying into execution the sentences of
such courtsmartial ; and whereas it is expedient that
all such clauses, provisions, and enactments in the said recited
act should be repealed ; be it further enacted by the authority
aforesaid, that all such clauses, provisions, and enactments in
the said recited act be and the same are hereby repealed.

What can have induced Dr. LUSHINGTON, the po-
pular Member for the Tower Hamlets, in which the
Dissenters abound, to cavil at the Registration Bill ?
Does lie not know the anxiety of his constituents on
this matter ? He has been long apprised of those
feelings—he is not unacquainted with the subject—
and surely now is the time to assist the Government
in perfecting the measure they have introduced, rather
than by quibbles and delay to postpone that which
might possibly have been settled long ago, if it had
not been necessary to consult with persons whose
situation is certainly somewhat embarrassing with re-
spect to the details. The Learned Civilian will do
well to apply his mind to the subject, if he expects to
be supported in future by the Dissenters of Mile End
and the Tower Hamlets.

The more we consider the speech of Mr. P. Tii om-
SON, the more we hail with satisfaction the further re-
duction of Duties of Customs, upon a few articles of
importation, proposed to be made this year by the Pre-
sident of the Board of Trade. Though insignificant
in point of number and amount, as that of last year
also was, it is still of vast importance, as laying a sure
foundation for the ultimate reduction of the Duties of
Customs on every article imported. It will be found
that the Revenue is not diminished ; on the contrary,
that it is increased by such reductions, the consequent
increase of consumption, and the spring given to home
industry (inasmuch as for every additional article, or
quantity of articles imported, some article of home in-
dustry must be exported), bringing up the general
Revenue to a greater amount than before the reduc-
tion, through y the operation of the principle, that
as a large mercantile income is derived, not from
large profits upon a few articles sold, but from
small profits upon a great number, so a large
public revenue arises not from heavy Duties of Cus-
toms upon a few articles of any kind imported,
but from light duties upon a great number. We do
not quarrel with the Right Hon. Gentleman for pro-
ceeding with caution. The country perhaps might be
alarmed if the experiment were to be made upon an
extensive scale at first, but after the experiment has
been made and found to succeed in a few cases, the
country will not only be willing to continue the expe-
riment upon a larger scale, but will not be satisfied
unless it is continued and finally extended to every
article imported.

The extreme rigour of the criminal code of England

has been the cause of more housebreakings, more
robberies, more daring personal outrages, and more
inhuman murders, than any other one temptation to
crime ever created by imperfect legislation. The seve-
rity of the law defeated the very object which it was
intended to attain ; as all laws disproportioned to the
nature, or the extent of the evils intended to be re-
strained by them, have ever done, and must ever con-
tinue to do. A law which metes a punishment ap-
palling from its severity, finds in every bosom a sym-
pathy which renders it a dead letter. Thus a man who

las his house broken into by thieves, who steal some

trifling articles of wearing apparel, or carry away a
quantity of provisions, though he may know them
ever so well, and be able to hand them over to the ma-
gistrate,
will rather suffer them to continue their de-
predations than prosecute them, if the crime be ad-
judged by the law deserving of death. Nay, how many
thousands of times has this not happened ? How often
did it happen previous to the year 1825, when something
was attempted to mitigate the extreme rigour of the
criminal law, that persons were subjected to a regu-
lar system of being plundered, because they were known
to entertain religious scruples on the justice of taking
away human life when the safety of their property
only was endangered ? The law was murderous in its
very principle ; the community knew this, and the sin
of enforcing it lay as heavy upon their souls as if they
were themselves the executioners, without waiting for
the form of a trial. This moral feeling, co-existent
with the law, not only abolished the latter in effect, but
left crime without so much as the fear of punishment.
The midnight spoiler, provided he kept his hands un-
defiled by blood, committed outrage without fear, be-
cause he knew the character of his victim, and dreaded
no detection. The robber demanded money without
disguise, for the traveller was a conscientious person, and
would not hang a fellow-creature unshrived of
his sins for depriving him of a few shillings.
When there was worse to be feared,—when the law-
less assailant had men of sterner stuff to deal with--
when detection was death, detection was followed by
murder. The thief knew that if prosecuted he must
die, and a love of life impelled him to imbrue his
hands in blood whenever he had reason to suspect that
he would be handed over to abide the sentence of the
law. Thus murder became necessary to secure the

impunity of guilt, which in thousands of cases would
be adequately punished by a sound flogging, or a
month's solitary imprisonment.
It is therefore with feelings of no ordinary satisfac-

tion that we see the subject of mitigating the severity
of our criminal law engage so much of the attention of
the Reformed Parliament. Mr. LENNARD'S Bill for
abolishing capital punishments altogether,except in cases
of actual murder, or where murder is clearly proved to
have been intended to be committed, will, on becoming
the law of the land, be hailed as the first and greatest

/JAY, J ULY 4, 1884.

step which the present Parliament has yet taken to em-
body in their own acts the feelings of their consti-
tuents. We observe in the Reports that when the
House of Commons went into Committee on this Bill
yesterday, Lord Howic lc proposed an amendment on
the second clause, to the effect that the commission of
personal violence by a robber should subject the of-
fen&r to capital punishment, which amendment was
subsequently withdrawn. Had this amendment been
adopted it would have destroyed the whole spirit of
the Bill, rendering it, in fact, like so many other Acts
of Parliament, a monument of legislative imbecility.
We trust that as Mr. LENNARD has made himself so
well acquainted with the subject, he will not allow any
opposition he may meet with, even though 'it should
extend to a rejection of the Bill, to prevent him
from steadily pursuing the course he has adopted till
he obtain this great object of the country's wishes.
He will now find a Dr. JOHNSON in every hamlet, no
less zealous than the great author of the " Rambler,"
in advocating a measure which he regards as the
proudest proof of the advancing civilization of his
countrymen.

The Courts of Petersburgh, Berlin, and Vienna,
still postpone their recognition of the Queen of
SPAIN. Are they yet so ill-informed as to think that
any change of circumstance—any possible events—can
restore Lord ABERDEEN to the Foreign-office, the
Duke of WELLINGTON to the Treasury, the King of
HOLLAND to the possession of Belgium, Don
MIGUEL to Portugal, Charles the TENTH to France,
or Don CARLOS to Spain? And yet the whole of
these arrangements seem as necessary and as probable
as any one of them. What but a hope that the To-
ries may once more be at the head of affairs in Eng-
land, and that then Don CARLOS and ZEA BER-
MUDEZ (the tool of NICHOLAS) may possibly
become King, and Minister of Spain, can induce the
Courts we have named to withhold their recognition
of the Spanish QUEEN ?

His Grace of WELLINGTON paid his respects to
the refugee Pretender Don CARLOS the other day,
but whether for the purpose of showing his sympathy
with Northern Despots, we do not know. The Mi-
nisters of these Courts have not yet followed the
example of LUDOLF.

Mr. PAVY, hitherto the Spanish Minister in Rus-
sia, has, on the plea of a leave of absence, announced
his departure; but Mr. NIBIST, who is appointed
Charge d'Affaires, has not yet been officially received.

We learn by private advices from the Black Sea,
and the Sea of Azoff, that the price of corn is still
very high, but the appearanee of the crops had much
improved in the beginning of last month.

Letters from Switzerland, contained in the French
Papers, state, that the Swiss question continues to be
viewed in a very serious light by all the advocates for
constitutional freedom. The Government of the
Grand Duchy of Baden had, it was said, forbidden all
intercourse with the Swiss. By accounts from Por-
tugal, we learn that the decree of Don PEDRO for the
suppression of convents is in course of operation
throughout Portugal. The information received from
Toulon is of a warlike and serious nature. The
French Government have in the roads there, and wait-
ing only for sailing orders, fifteen ships of war, some of
which are three-deckers, and which, it is said, are
destined for the Archipelago. It is confidently stated,
also, that a brig of war had sailed in great haste for
the Levant, with despatches for the French Admiral.

" BOURsE, JULY 2.-The settling has been more difficult
than was expected. This morning there was a large Bull
account yet to be sold, which depreciated the price as low as
77f. 25c., and 77f. 60c. end of the month ; however, since
half au hour the Three per Cents. have recovered, and they
are now 77f. 85c. for the settling day, viz., for the Account.
The Spanish stock remains in a very depressed state, the
Five per Cents. have been done as low as 70f., but are now
70f. 4 ; Three per Cents. 46f. ; Cortes keep up at their
price, 38f. ; there is no reason assigned for the fall
in the Three per Cents. ; and, indeed, we can only at-
tribute it to the situation of the market, as the Five
per Cent. stock remains steady at 106 f. 40c. to 45c.
Ducats, Roman, do not fall much. We have no great
news. I can only give you, with certainty, news from
Toulon : A telegraphic despatch has arrived there,
from Paris, to hold the brig, the Palinure, Commandant Fer-
not, in readiness to sail for the Levant, with orders of the
highest importance ; the Lame brig is commissioned as esta-
fette bearer, attached to the squadron now lying on that station.
The vessel, the Triton, is expected every day at Toulon. She
was to sail from Rochfort on the 15th of June. This vessel
brings more than three hundred seamen. As the levy of sea-
men is continuing with the same activity, it is probable that
some great movement is in preparation. This appears from
the activity which has prevailed in the arsenal of Toulon for
some time. The sister of the Queen of Spain arrived here
yesterday. She was accompanied by the Ambassador from
Spain to Sweden. She alighted at the Spanish Ambassador's,
but she is to be removed to the Tuilleries. It is generally
accredited that a marriage between this Princess and the
Prince Royal here is the motive of this journey.
Gorgolio is appointed Rapporteur des Finances en Espagne.
FRENCH FUND-s-Paßts, JULY 2.
Five per Cents., 10fif. 20c.
Four and a Half per Cent, 101 f. -c.
Four per Cents., 93f. 70c.
Three per Cents., 77f, 80c.
Bank Actions, 1,787 f. 50c.
Rente de Naples, 941. 75c.
Roman Five per Cents., 95%.
Rente d'Eapagne, Five per Cents., 383.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 46. X.
Royal Spanish Loan, 81
Bente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 71.
Belgian Loan, 1831, Five per Cents., 99.
Haytian Loan, 2801.-C.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON,
One Month, paper, 25f. 3214 c.; money, 2.1 f. flOc.
Three months, paper, 251. 22%c. ; money, 25f. 20c.
-fours Authentique.
DUTCH FUNDS-AMSTERDAM, JULY 1.
Actual Debt, 2,4 per Cent.
Amort Syndic, 4y4 per cent. 90% to 91%
Ditto, ditto, 3!i per cent.
Loan of 1830, 5 per cent 'ol4 to 10114
Ditto, 1832 and 1833, 5 per Cunt 97v to 973
Exchange on London l2 142,1'
Ditto, two months l2 0734
-Dutch Papers, July 2.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS-BERLIN, JUNE 27.
St. Schuld. Sch. 4 per cent.
Prussian English Loan, 1818, 5 per cent - -
Ditto 1822, 5 per cent.... - --
Ditto Bonds lB3O, 4 per cent.... 9514 95
Exchange on London, three months 6 24%
-Prussian State Gazette,i une 28.
BELGIAN FUNDS.-BRUSSELS, JULY 1.
Actual Debt, 21/3 per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent 9B
Loan of the City, 1832, 4 per Cent 96 34
-Brussels Papers, July 1.

JUNCTION OF TILE RHINE AND DANUBE BY
CANAL.-This project has been for some time in contempla-
tion, and the last letters from Munich of 31st May, state that
on the previous day the Minister of Finance had presented an
important project of law to the Chamber of Deputies on the
subject. This enterprise will be carried forward by shares,
and supported by the Government, with will take one-fourth
of the shares.—Petersburgh Paper.

GRAND ROWING MATCH.—A grand and rather
singular aquatic contest will take place this day from West-
minster to Putney, or vice versa. The wager consists of
Campbell, Godfrey, and Noulton in one boat, rowing a ran-
dan in a wherry ; and Harris, Butcher, Dab, Eld, and Dodd
in a cutter. The match is for 501., and we question whether
anything on the river can keep up to them. Betting we should
reckon at 6 to 4 on the wherry.

STRANGE MODE OF FATTENING LADIES.--
Among the genus of the Coleoptera order of insects, there is
one species which the women of Arabia and Turkey dig out of
the filth of the garden ; and they swallow three of them, fried
in butter, every morning and evening, in order to acquire that
plumpness which is deemed in the East a beauty.—Mirror.
CURE OF WARTS.—Mr. Welch, of Annapolis,
America, having failed to get rid of several warts on his hands
by the knife, the nitrate of silver, &c., tried electricity ; and
by sending sparks through them for five minutes daily, during
five days, caused them wholly tp disappear.

Every tea-dealer is liable to a penalty of 501., if he
does not cause every canister to be marked with the words
" black " or " green tea."

Ellen Wardle, of Butterton, near Leek, has lately
given a challenge to walk for a wager, with any person of her
own age, a distance of ten miles. Old Ellen is now in her
103 d year. The tough old dame has, within the last fort-
night, walked her favourite distance (ten miles) in less than
four hours.