The Sun.
London, England, 1833-08-31 00:00:00

MADRID, Auc. 19.

The uneasiness felt by this Government, and
the anti-liberal precautions to which it gives rise,
increase every day. Not content with perverting
and disfiguring all political news in its official
paper, the Government has just given orders that
two news-rooms, which had been opened and
tolerated for the last 12 months, and where a few
French and English papers were to be seen, should
be forthwith closed. This is one of the first
measures of " high police" with which the new
Police Intendant, M. Arjona, has been intrusted.
The true reason for this measure was, that the
papers coming from your part of the world spoke
with too much truth of what is going on in Portu-
gal, and gave too openly the lie to the Madrid
Gazette. Those papers, too, spoke of the King's
illness, a subject on which it is determined here
that the strictest silence shall be observed. The
state of his Majesty's health, however, is far from
being better. His chief physician, M. Castello,
had again insisted that bulletins should be published
relative to the King's health ; but M. 'Lea has per-
sisted in not allowing this to be done. M. Zea's
motives may be easily appreciated. As for the
Queen, she does not venture to insist on the publi-
cation of the bulletins. She is afraid that by that
means Don Carlos and his most active adherents
may be enabled to regulate their movements with
too much precision. Don Carlos is still in Portugal,
and although the Spanish frigate Lealtad is gone to
Vigo to wait for him there, and take him to Italy,
it is believed that his friends here have advised him
by no means to think of moving so far out of reach
for the present, and lie will remain where he is un-
less he comes nearer to the frontier.

The King is quite unable to move from his bed,
unless it is to sit a few hours in his easy-chair; but
although he has lost the use of his limbs, his mental
faculties remain unimpaired, and he sticks with im-
movable obstinacy to all his notions and prejudices.
He is no longer disposed to listen to anything that
the Queen has to say, arid appears so tenaciously to
adhere to his system, that one would be almost
tempted to think that he is in league with his bro-
ther and M. de Zea against his own daughter. The
recall of all the Caprains-General of provinces sup-
posed to be attached to the interests of the Queen's
party was a good deal spoken of within the last few
days, and if that measure is finally executed, it will
certainly prove the most fatal blow that could be
given to the already tottering throne of the young
Princess of Asturias.
An English messenger, who left Lcindon on the
9th, arrived yesterday, bringing to Mr. Addington
the notification of his being recalled, and about to
be succeeded by Mr. Villiers. This piece of intel-
ligence has produced much impression here. It has
once more raised the hopes of the Queen's party,
and thrown the whole corps diplomatique into a
state of excitement. There was, in fact, suffi-
cient cause for this. Under present circumstances,
the appointment of the new British Minister is
an occurrence of great importance, for it shows
that the British Government is determined not
to allow Spain to repeat the manoeuvres executed
in 1827 against Portugal; and it holds out a pro-
mise of future support to the partisans of the Queen,
who certainly did not look for any encouragement
from the political sentiments known to be enter-
tained by Mr. Addington and the luke-warmness of
his partiality for a liberal course. This change will,
probably, also induce the French Ambassador to
adopt a more energetic and decided tone than that
which he has held till now; and this is the more to
be wished at this moment, for the diplom. -;sts of
the north are exerting themselves every day
M. de Zea in his present excellent disposition to-
wards the maintenance and perpetuation of absolut-
ism throughout the Peninsula.
The same English messenger was bearer also of
an intimation to the Spanish Government that
Lord William Russell has been accredited British
Ambassador to the Court of Donna Maria.
Although M. de Rayneval's recall has been spoken
of as probable for several weeks, there is no reason
to think that it will soon take place. A messenger
came to him yesterday, from Paris, wl.-' " place he
left on the 12th ; but nothing has yetsa.. spired of
the despatches he has brought. Y.

VIENNA, AUG. 18.—I can have little news of
momentary interest to send you from the modern
Sybaris, where political information, or the liberty
of making use of it, is confined to so few, and where
even a semi-liberal French or English journal is a
Godsend to be enjoyed in gratitude and silence.
Those who dare speak of the political position of
the moment, represent Austria as in a less satisfac-
tory position than had befallen her since the peace,
standing alone, in mistrust alike of foe, friend, and
neighbour, clinging to England as her only natural
and indeed possible ally, yet not daring to confide in
the Government or in the spirit that now, and that
henceforth must govern British councils. Austrian
jealousy of Prussia is evident from many circum-
stances, not only in the university squabble, but
in the still pending war of negotiation respect-
ing the latter country's commercial system. The
Goverment here is exerting its utmost to sti-
mulate the manufactures of the land, so as to
show a capability of furnishing the countries Jf
Suabia with the articles they need. The papers
announce meetings for this purpose in 3ohemia,
in Austria proper, and wherever any commercial
activity exists; and at the head of these meetings
are the names of princes and illustrissimi. But,alas I
this is not the way to create commerce and manu-
factures. Patronage cannot do it. Unless the
great impulse of freedom be first communicated to
the mind of the middle classes of the south, never
can they hope to compete in activity and industry
with the same class in the north. It is hopeless.
The cloths of Vienna and Prague will never acquire
the preference over those of Dresden and Aix in the
markets of south Germany. It is in vain, then,
for Austria to struggle or seek to ward off Prussian
monopoly by proposing a monopoly of her own.
Could she but utter the words " liberty or com-
merce," they would suffice; but they, we know,
stick in her throat.

I was mach disappointed in my progress through
Upper and Lower Austria, where the farmers are
said to be such a happy, well-governed race. I
really saw no such supereminent prosperity, no
such superiority over the Bavarian peasant. On
the contrary, the Bavarian's condition is superior.
The latter has a good beverage, is well fed, and
drives, as far as I saw, a better team a-field, and a
better vehicle to market, than his neighbour. The
Austrian, within the last 30 years, has been drivers
by taxation from wine-drinking to beer-drinking, a
manifest deterioration in a w►ne country. Then
the Bavarian, if he drinks beer, has good honest
beer, whilst the poor Austrian, where the compound
is doubly taxed, pays far dearer for trash. What
is the consequence ? Why, the Austrian takes
to spirits, the Bavarian never. I have now tra-
versed Bavaria in every direction, and I never saw
a glass of spirits before the peasant; why ?—because
his beer is good ; and of the six kreutzers which he
pays for a quart, the Government takes but two.
The Austrian pays eight or nine for the poorest
small beer, and the Government takes one-half or
more—and the consequence ? Cross the frontier
from Bavaria to Austria and spirits instantly re-
appear as the poor man's beverage. The same
story precisely ►s to be told of tobacco, another
luxury of the poor, good and cheap in Bavaria, dear
and detestable in Austria. Nor are these things
to be despised ; for if a people's religion be the first
important consideration, their beverage is perhaps
the next.

If we speak of education, or religion, then indeed
is Bavaria, so inferior to Suabia, manifestly superior
to Austria. The one is intellectually Catholic, the
other brutally so. There is ten times more freedom
and less bigotry in Rome. Dissenting sects are tole.
rated, but how? It is well known, that if a Catholic
seeks to turn to Protestantism, and applies to the
Protestant Church to receive him, the pastor of
the latter is obliged to recommend the Catholic
to remain in his faith, nor bring trouble on a coin-

munity allowed to exist from father to son, but not
to extend or gain proselytes.
There is one good and great point, however, in
the Catholic church of Austria, which is, that it is
totally disjunct from the aristocracy, and from its
spirit. The curse of other established churches,
that which ruined Catholicism in France, was weeded
out of Austria by Joseph 11. lie gave back and
secured the high offices and prelacies of the church
to the people. Priests from the lower ranks of life
rise to these places of eminence; and thus the high
priesthood in Austria is precisely what the high
priesthood was in earlier centuries—a kind of tiers
etat, drawn from popular sources attached to the
Crown, but imbued with sentiments not very liberal
or enlightened, perhaps, but at least popular senti-
ments. This appears to me a great cause of tolera-
tion and prosperity to a church, which can exist still
less than a Government upon a base narrower than
the feelings of the people. I hope Parliament may
act like Joseph 11. by the English church; such a
reform can alone reinfuse into it fresh spirit and
life. 0.