The Sun.
London, England, 1851-12-29 00:00:00

- 7 DECEMBER 29, 1851.
N°. 18,492.] LONDON, MONDAY E E I G 7

THE NEXT PERIODICAL INVESTIGA-
TION OF THE AFFAIRS OF THE SCOTTISH WIDO vVS
FUND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY TAKES PLACE AT 31sT
DECEMBER, 1852. PARTIES PURPOSING TO EFFECT AS-
SURANCES WITH THE SOCIETY, ARE REMINDED OF THE
ADVANTAGE TO BE DERIVED FROM LODGING THEIR
PROPOSALS BEFORE THE 31ST DECEMBER OF THE CUR-
RENT YEAR, THEREBY SECURING THE '3ENEFUT OF A
FULL YEAR'S STANDING OVER LATER ENTRANTS, AND
BEING ENTITLED TO RANK FOR TWO YEARS' ADDITIONS
AT THE ENSUING INVESTIGATION.
JOHN" MACKENZIE, Manager.
WILLIAM LINDESAY, Secretary.
EDINBURGII-5, St. Andrew-square.
LONDON OFFICE-4, ROYAL EXCHANGE
R E BUILDINGS.
HUGH I‘PAN, Agent.

G_UARDI AN FIRE AND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE COSIPAN Y.
No. 11, LOMBAND-ssTREET, London.
DIRECTORS.
THOMSON TIANKEY, jun., Esq., Chairman.
Sir WALTER It. FARQUHAR, Bart., Deputy-Chairman.
Henry Hulse Berens, Esq. Stewart Marjoribanks, Esq.
John Dixon, Esq.
John Martin, Esq., M.P.
Francis Hart Dyke, Esq. Rowland Mitchell, Esq.
John Ilarvey, Esq. James Morris, Esq.
John G. Hubbard, Esq. Henry Norman, Esq.
cleorge Johnstone, Esq. Henry It. Reynolds, jun., Esq.
John Labouchere, Esq. John Thornton, Esq.
Joins Loch, Esq. James Tulloch, Esq.
George Lyall, Esq. Henry Vigne, Esq.
AIM: Toss.
t. W. Robarts, Esq. I Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq.
Lewis Loyd, jun., Esq. John Henry Smith, Esq.
ACTUARY—Griffith Davies, Esq., F.R.S.
LIFE DEPARTMENT.—Undsr the provisions of an Act of Par-
liament, this Company now offers to future insurers four-fifths of
the Profits with Quinquennial Division, or a 1 ,w Rate of premium
without participation of Profits.
The next division of Profits will be declared in June 1855, when
all participating policies which shall have subsisted at least one year
at Christmas, 1854, will be allowed to share in the profits.
At the several past divisions of profits made by this Company, the
reversionary Bonuses added to the polieSes from one-half the profits,
amounted, on an average of the different ages, to Abisuist.per-s.eent.
itrimpvict,o9,ll,e sums insured; and the total bonttaaa added at tha•
"flour septennial divisions exceeded 770,000/.
FOREIGN RISKS.—The extra Premiums required for the East
and West Indies, the British Colonies, and the northern parts of the
United Statss of America, have been materially reduced.
INVALID LlVES.—l'ersons who are not in such sound health as
would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular Premiums,
may have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums.
LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro-
, idol such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have
attained in each case a value not under 501.
ASSIGNMENTS OF POLICIES —Written Notices of, received
and registered.
Notice is hereby given, that Assurances which expire at Chris-
mas must be renewed within fifteen days at this Office, or with
Mr. Sams, No. 1, St. James's-street, corner of Pall-mall, or with
the Company's Agents throughout the Kingdom, otherwise they be-
come void.

GEORGE KEYS, Secretary.

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASST
COMPANY.
Established by Act of Parliament in 1834
8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London ; 97, iicorge-stree
12, St. Vincent-Place, Glasgow ; 4, College. green,
The bonus added to policies from March, 1834,
;cemlter, 1847, is as follows:

"RANCE

Edinburgh;
Dublin.

to the 31e

Oecemlter, 1847, is as too. W. •
Sum TimeAssured. 'Sum addedto Sum addedto'Sum payable
issured.i Policy inlB4l Policyln 1848 at Death.
--'---___----I_-----
£5OOO 'l3 years 10 mths £638 6 8 £787 10 0 £6470
16 8
5000 , 1 year •• •• 112 10 0 5112 10 0
1000 12 years 100 0 0 157 10 0 1257 10 0
1000 1 •• 157 10 0 1157 10 0
7 years ••
1 1 year 22 10 0 1022 10 0
1000
1) 12 years 50 0 0 78 15 0 628 15 0
50
45 0 0 545 0 0
500 4 years
500 , 1 year .. .. 11 5 0 511 5 0
~...

EXASOLE.—At the commencement of the year 1841 a person aged
thirty took out a Policy for 1,0001., the Annual Payment for which
Is 211. Is. Bd.; in 1847 he had paid in Premiums 1601. 1 le. Bd. ; but
the profits Min?: 24 per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which
is 221. 103. per annum for each 1,0001.), he had 1571. 10s. added to the
Policy, almost as much as the Premiums paid.
The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and
only one-half need be paid for the first five years when the In-
surance is for Life.
tor,
EvNo. ery in
B,formation aorded on applcation to the Resident Direc-
Waterloo-pfflace, Pall-mall,i London.

NATIONAL PROVIDENT INSTITUTION
for MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE, ANNUITIES, &e.,
48, Gracechurch-street, London.
SAMUEL HAYHURST LUCAS, Esq., Cbairman.
CHARLES LUSHINGTON, Esq., M.P., Deputy-Chairman.
CONSULTING ACTVARY—CharIes Ansel], Esq., F.R.S.
Extract from the Report of 1851.
" In the year ending the 20th November, 1851, 1,231 Policies
have been issued, the Annual Premiums on which amount to
18,4981. Bs. Gd.
" Since the establishment of the Institution in December, 1835,
13,729 Policies have been effected, and the Annual Income is
189,2401, 2s.
ef is over the disbursements in 1851 is
" The balance
'114,6231 34. 9cl and thereceip Capital is now 738,4921. 18s. 4i1."
The next Quinquennial Division of Profits will be made up tothe
20th November, 1852, rod all who effect Assurances before that time
will participate in the profits which may accrue to such policies.
Members whose premiums fall due on the lbt January are re
minded that the same must be paid within thirty days from
that date.
The Report is now ready, and may be had on application at the
Office, or of the Agents in the country.
OSEPH MARSH, Secretary.
Dec. 20, 1851 J

ANCHOR ASSURANCE COMPANY,
67, Cheapside, L ,ndon.
Lite Assurances may be effected with this Office at the most mo-
derate premiums, while the bonus additions to policies tend still fur-
ther to le.sen the cost of assurance.
Life Annuities are granted by the Company oa terms exceedingly
fayourable to the assured.
Prospectuses may be had on application.
T. BELL, Secretary and lictuary.
Chief Agencies—Ducie-place, Manchester ; Exchange-buildings,
an ; Giesrey-street, Newcstle-on-Tyne; 5, Grafton-street, Plymouth;
d ,atrasse,a Hamburgh.

N LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
.7 LONDON.
SHARE OF PROFIT INCREASED FROM ONE-HALF TO
FOUR-FIFTHS.
Policies effected with this Society after Midsummer, 1850, and re-
maining in force at each Septennial period of division, will PARTI-
CIPATE IN FOUR-FIFTHS of the Net Profits of the Society ac-
cruing after Midsummer, 1850, in proportion to their contributions
to those profits, and according to the conditions contained in the
Society's Prospectus and Act of Parliament.
The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives
are much lower than in manother old-established offices, and Insurers
are fully protected from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in ad-
dition to the accumulated funds derived from thn investments of
Premiums. .

CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.

MEDICAL ADVICE ON T TIE
.1 AND SECRETATURITY INFIRMITIES OF
YOET M.
With Plain Directions fer their Prevention and Cure.
FIFTY COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL.
Just published, in French, English, German, Dutch, Spanish, and
Italian, in a Sealed Envelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free from the Author
for Forty-two Stamps,
SE L F-PR ESERV A TION; a
Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on the
Secret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity, usually ac-
quired at an early period of life, which destroy the physical and
mental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natural sal eelings,
a and ex-
haust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practic Observations on
the certain Prevention and successful Treatment, f
Nervous Debi-
lity, Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syps, Stricture, and all
Diseases and derangements resultingby from Indiscretion, as adopted
Lallemand, Ricord, and other eminent members of the faculty of
France. With Fifty coloured Engravings, illustrating the Anatomy,
Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, explaining
their structures, uses, and functions, and the various injuries that
are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, and infection.
By SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.,
37, BEDFORD-SQUARE,
LONDON.
Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University .f Edin-
burgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society,
Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Member of the Hunterlan
Medical Society of Edinburgh, &c., &c.
This work contains a plain and complete description of the ana-
tomy and physiology of the reproductive organs, and of their relative
conditions in health and disease. Dr. La'Mcrt, who has
highest medical honours, as evidenced by the diplomas and testimo-
nials inserted in the work, is the only legally qualified medical man
who has exclusively, and for many years, devoted his studies to the
treatment of these complaints. Ile may
be consulted with advan-
tage by all these whose constitutions may have become debilitated
through secret practices acquired in youth, or by the excesses of
later years, whereby the pleasures of life are marred, the objects of
marriage frustrated, and existence itself rendered a term of unceas-
ing misery and regret.
Published 1,,y the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater-
noster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street : Starie, Titchborne-street,
Haymarket; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Mann, 23, rornhi,ll ;
or free by post for tiny-two .tamps, trout the 411 awe. rebi,l6ice,
who may be consulted on these disorders personally, or by lOtter,
daily, ;rout TO till Two, and trout d sp Light.

PUBLICATIONS.

This day is published,
BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE
No. CCCCXXXV., for JANUARY. Price 2s. 6d.

CONTENTS.
Political and Monetary Prospects.
Dramas by William Smith.
Mont Blanc.
Rural Superstitions of Western France.
Husbands, Wives, Fathers, Mothm.
My Novel ; or Varieties in English Life. Part XVII.
Struggles for Fame and Fortune.
Lord George Bentinck.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

THE POEMS AND DRAMAS OF AIR E. BULWER LYTTON.
NOW FIRST COLLECTED.
This day, handsomely printed in crown Svo., price Bs. cloth,
THE POETICAL and DRAMATIC WORKS
of Sir EDWARD BULWER LYTTON, Batt.
Vol. 1., containing Narrative Poems—The New Timon, &C.
With a I'ortrait and Vignette title.
London : Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly.

CI3E,IP EDITION OF THE NOVELS AN!) TALES OF SIR
EDWARD BULWEtt LYTTON, BART. -
Crown Bvo., cloth, 3s. 6d.,
ERNEST MALTRA VER
PART 11.

Being " ALICE ; or, THE MYSTERIES."
With a new Preface and Frontispiece.
London Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly.

This day is published, 2 vols., Bvo., cloth, 325.,
THU LIFE AND LETTEIti OF
reARTHOLD GEORGE NIEBUHR
From the German and Original Sources. .
With Essays on his Character and Influence, by the Chevalier
BUNSEN, and Professors 'MANIAS and LEOBEL.
London : Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly.

BOOKS FOR EVERYBODY.
HE FAMILY ECONOMIST, Vol. IV., NEW
11 VOLUME, Is. 6d. boards, Is. paper cover.
THE FAMILY ECONOMIST, Vols. 1., 11., 111.,
each Is. 6d. boards, Is. paper cover.
HE FAMILY ECONOMIST, 3 vols. bound in 1,
extra cloth, 4s.
STORIES FOR SUMMER DAYS AND
WINTER NIGHTF, First Series. Twelve Stories at 2d.
each, or 2 vols., neat boards, or boxes, Is. each.
TORIES FOR SUMMER DAYS AND
WINTER NIGH I'S, Second Series. Thirteen Stories at 3d.
each, or in 3 vols. or elegant cases, is. each. (A New Story
on the First of every Month.)
THE ECONOMIC LIBRARY :
RURAL ECONOMY for COTTAGE FARMERS and GAR-
DENERS. By Martin Doyle and Others. 2s. cloth.
DOMESTIC HAPPINESS, HOME EDUCATION, POLITE-
NESS, GOOD BREEDING. By G. E. Sargent. Is. 6d cloth.
CATECHISMS of GARDENING and COT-
TAGE FAR SIING. By Martin Doyle. Is. cloth.
CATECHISM of DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
By Esther Copley. Is. cloth.
COTTAGE COOKERY. By Esther Copley,
bound in cloth, Is.
THE ECONOMIC HOUSEKEEPING BOOK,
,s.
THE WORKING-MAN'S HOUSEKEEPING
BOOK 6d
DECTIONA.RY of DOMESTIC MEDICINE
and HOUSEHOLD SURGERY. By Spencer Thomsen, M.D.,
To be completed in 12 Monthly Parts at 6d. each. First Part
ready Ist January.
London: Groombridge and Sons, Paternoster-row.
Sold by all booksellers.

MR. DIGBY SEYMOUR'S WORK ON WESTERN IRELAND
Just published, the Third Edition, greatly enlarged, price
Half-a-Crown.
Dedicated, by express permission, to his Excaleney the
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
HOW to EMPLOY CAPITAL in WESTERN
IRELAND: being Answers to a few Practical Questions
upon the Manufacture of Beet Sugar, Flax, and Chicory, in con-
nexion with a Land Investment in the West of Ireland.
lii;y WILLIAM DIGBY SEYMOUR, Esq.,
of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law.
London: John Hearne, 81, Strand ; James Ridgway, 169, Picca-
dilly; and Effingham Wilson, 11, Royal Exchange. Dublin: Hodges
and Smith, Grafton-street.

A NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
To be published on the Ist of January, 1852, 48 pages medium Bvo.
price Sixpence, in a wrapper, Illustrated by George Cruiltshank,
No. I. of

iIE BRITISH JOURNAL,
To be continued Monthly.
- . . . .

This Journal is intended to supply the vacancy that has long ex-
isted between our high and low-priced publications. To do this, it
has enlissted in its service the highest literary talent, and will corn-
bin?, in its pages the best features of our established Reviews and
Magazines.

T" A ARTJOURNAL OURNA L.
(Price 2s. 61) for JANUARY, 1852, will contain the ()Row-
ing Engravings :

ON STEEL—FOUR.
1. The Cavalier's Pets. Engraved in Line by J. Outrim, from the
Painting by Sir E. Landsccr, lt.A., in the Vernon Gallery.
2. The Dangerous Playmlte. Engraved in Line by E. J. Portbury,
from the Painting by W. Etty, R.A., in the Vernon Gallery.
3. Night; and
4. Morning. Engraved on Steel by W. Rolle, from the Bas-reliefs of
Thorwaldscn, in the Gallery of his Grace the Duke of Devon-
shire, at Chatsworth.
ON WOOD—FIFTY-TWO.
Seven Large Engravings on Wood, to Illustrate the Memoir of
Rubel's.
Twelve Engravings of Statutes of the Madonna in Nuremberg.
Elucidated by Mrs. Jameson.
Two Engravings from Drawings from the " Sketch-Book of Moritz
Retzseh.,
Thirteen Engravings from Drawings by F. W. Fairholt, F.S.A., to
Illustrate a Day at Chatsworth, by Mrs. S C. Hall.
Four Engravings of Ancient Costumes from Drawings by Professor
One Engraving of the Cardinal Virtues—" Patience"•
Mucks, of Duspeldorf.
Twelve Engravings of Recent Works, to Illustrate the "Progress of
Art-31 anufaeture "

'—by Professor

IP.* It will be obvious to all who examine the four Engravings on
Steel, above enumerated, that each is of greater value than the sum
charged for the whole: and that they are quite equal in size and ex-
cellence t ) 'he prints which a few years ago were published at half-
a•guinea each.

This Part, commencing a new Volume, with the New Year, affords
a Favourable Opportunity for New Subscribers.
George Virtue, Publisher, 25, Paternoster-row.

PARLOUR LIBRARY—VoIume LXIX., for JANUARY.
A Double Volume, price Is. 6d. in boards, or 2s. in cloth,
AGNES DE MANSFELT. A Historical Tale,
By T. C. GRATTAN, autnor of " The Heiress of Bruges,*
"Jacqueline of Holland, &c.
Also, by the same author, in the " Parlour Library,"
HIGHWAYS and BYWAYS. First and Second Series. Two
Vols., each Is. in boards, or Is. 6d in cloth.
Simms and M'lntyre, 13, Paternoster-row, London and Belfast.
Sold at all the Railway Stations.

Just out, Fourth Fdition, 2s. Gd., post paid, 3s.

IDDILLAR of SALT, a WARNING to the
tL PEOPLE as of OLD. SALT the CHIEF CAUSE of CON-
SUMPTION, INSANITY, CANCER, &c.; as anciently declared
by the Priests of Egypt, and by the Bible.
" All fathers and mothers should read this for their own and their
children's sake. We doubt not it will make many converts."—
Medico-Chirurgical Review.
" It is worthy of most serious attention."—Weekly Time.%
" It is worthy of immortality."—Lancet.
Piper and Co., 23, Paternoster-row.
Post free, for 36 stamps, of ROBERT HOWARD, 31. D.,
6, Upper Gloster-street, Dorset-square, London.

THE SILENT FRIEND.
IN SIX LANGUAGES-FORTIETH EDITION.

---
corriltaNa THE REMEDY FOR PREVENTION OF DISEASE.
lilustrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Evgraving.
all PHYSICAL DISQALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-
PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
New Edition, enlarged te 196 pages, price by post, from
the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in stamps.
HE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on
_IL the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by
excessive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of
mercury, with directions for the use of the preventive lotion, fol-
lowed by observations en Marriage, and the disqualifications which
prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L.
PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
street, London. Sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row; Hannay,
63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street; Gordon,l46, Leadenhall-street ;
Barclay, 95, Farringdon-street; W. Sutton, 10, Bow Church-yard ;
W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's Church-yard ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ;R.
Johnson, GS, Cornhill ; and Simpkin, Stationers' Hall-court.
PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-prednetiVe
organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings.
PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or !secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav-
ings.
PART IV. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
st epee application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
PAST V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du-
ti r. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the
whole subject critically
and philosophically inquired into.
Tux CORDIAL BALM OF Svitracum is exclusively employed in
treating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &C., 1 Is. and 335.
par bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 11s. and 335. per
bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. ee„ 4s. 6d., and its.
par box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and
chronic Inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
I. A minute detail of the case is required: age, habits, and posi-
tion in society. 51. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Rota-
blie--ment only, by which the fee, 11., is saved. Messrs. Perry,
urgeons, are in attendance, daily, at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
street, London, from Eleven till Two. and Five to Eight; on Sun-
days from Elevee to One

[ ADVERTISEMENT.] ....HOLIADWAY'S OINTMENT AND
PILLS THE BEST REMEDY FOR THE CURE OF BAD LEGS.
—Extact of a letter from Messrs. Trenchard and Whitby,
booksellers, Yeovil, dated Nev. 20, 1851.—" To Professor
Holloway—Sir,--The following extraordinary fact has come
to our knowledge :—A woman receiving parochial relief from
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DEPAUTITEE OF THE ROYAL MAIL STEAM-SHIP
CAMBRIA.—On Saturday, at noon, the British and North
American Royal Mail Steam-ship Cambria, Captain Leitch,
left the Mersey. for Tralif3x and Boston, with about thirty
passengers, a lull general cargo, and the usual mails for the
IJuite4 States, Cauada, Neyrfonlicilitud, &c.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS. OF THIS DAY.
CHRONICLE.—If rumour is to be believed,
Lord Palmerston's present feelines towards Lord J.
Russell strongly resemble those ;filch Lord Thurlow
expressed towards George 111. in 1792, when the
King unexpectedly consented to his unceremonious
dismissal. " I never," was his exclamation, " thought
that he would have parted with me EO easily." "
man has a right to treat Boothe. in the way in which
he has treated me ; we cannot neet in the same room
again." So long and so far as the recent change in
the Cabinet shall be discussed as a purely personal
or party question' the chances ere that the Premier
will have the worst of the argument, and it will be
no easy matter for him to state the substantial rea-
sons for the move, without a damaging admission of
former error and obstinacy. If we are not misin •
formed, the Viscount may safely call for
formal proofs—in the shape of dispatches or
official communications —for fis alleged support of
arbitrary principles or unconstitutional proceed-
ings in France ; and as to any hasty, ill-con-
sidered, or ill-understood expressions which he may
have let drop, he will neutralise their force, or boldly
negative any unfavourable inference that may be
drawn from them, by a ccnfident appeal to the broad,
palpable, and recognised features of his policy, from
which he could no longer recede without disgrace.
The data of his alleged personal approval of the coup
etat —said to be within forty-eight hours after its
occurrence—will go far to mitigate the censures of
his liberal or ultra-liberal friends, and these will
readily accept, as an excuse for such an indiscretion,
his assurance that he hailo the French Dictator
rather as an enemy of the anarchical factions—who,
if they had got uppermost, were sure (he will say) to
have co-operated with Russia and Austria—than
as a military autocrat and a budding absolutist. A
schism has already broken out amongst the habitual
supporters of the Government on these points,
and the prudence of lopping off its main limb at
the present juncture is loudly and angrily
disputed by the majority. On the other hand,
most reflecting and disinterested politicians will side
with Lord John Russell, or merely limit their praise
of his late display of firmness and decision by a regret
that it was postponed till so much mischief had been
done. They will understand, in a restricted and qua-
lified sense, the Ministerial announcement that the
business of the Foreign-office, under Lord Granville,
will be conducted as nearly as possible in the same
spirit, and with the same ulterior views, as under his
able, indefatigable, and energetic predecessor. It
can hardly be meant that there is to be the same
amount or manner of intervention—that weak States
shall be bullied, and strong ones wantonly alienated—
that deceitful encouragement shall be held out to the
discontented of almost every European community—
or that the correspondence with foreign Courts or
diplomatists shall still be marked ,by flippancy, and
still affect the smartness of a slashing review. Indeed,
Lord Palmerston's avowed principles, considered
apart from his peculiar mode of applying them,
never constituted the whole, or even the chief part, of
the well-founded objections to his statesmanship.
We speak of these, of course, as he and his late col-
leagues have repeatedly described them in unexcited
times; and for the purposes of analysis and apprecia-
tion, we make allowance for the high colouring and
exaggerated glosses of his Radical allies in the famous
Greek debate, as well as at the dinner given to com•
memorate Don Pacifico's short-lived triumph. We
must do his Lordship the justice to say that, with his
usual adroitness, he waved aside the red cap repeatedly
tendered to him on these occasions, and mainly rested
his vindication on his zeal to maintain peace, to pro-
mote freedom, to check oppression, to extend and
confirm the influence of Great Britain, and to place,
by firmness and conciliation, an Englishman of our
day on a level with a Roman of the sera when Rome
was the mistress of the world. He did not tell the
House of Commons, er his host at the Reform
Club, that when what be called firmness and con-
ciliation wereput in action, they strongly resembled
the opposite qualities—or that his schemes for
elevating the English name had made it difficult
for an Englishman to make the continental tour
without annoyance, and bed left the United Kingdom
without one efficient and trustworthy ally. His
sketch of a patriotic Secretary for Foreign Affairs,
therefore, was little better than a fancy piece or an
abstraction ; yet, for that very reason, it may safely
be adopted as a model by Lord Granville, whom it
will be no easy matter to convict of departing from
the " principles" of Lord Palmerston, although, vir-
tually and substantially, the foreign policy of the
Government may speedily have undergone a whole-
some and fundamental cbange. Lord Stanley of
Alderley—whose trick of carping at others has caused
his own merits to be undervalued—has chosen to follow
his late chief into retirement; and it is said that he
young peer, who, on two
threeor
promise of ability in the
l Upperbe succeeded
ocHocuass.on st b
has
'rhoy a verygivn
e
omission
to confer the vacant
Under-Secretaryship on a Member of the House of
Commons, will certainly aid credence to the semi-
official announcement that Lord John Russell intends
to take the personal direction of the most
important duties of the nreign•office.; If this an-
nouncent has been made with a view of quieting
alarm, or as a guarantee agsinst the recurrence of in-
discretion in this department, we must express our
conviction that it will not be
received as such by the
public. No contemporary statesman is more liable to
sudden freaks or escapades than the Prime Minister,
nor less fit to be trusted with the independent and un-
restrained use of pen, ink
capable of provoking PrinC and paper. He is fully
rinse Schwarzenberg to tell
him sharply to mind his own business, or of giving
Louis Napoleon a rap over the knuckles which would
of official life has been,
be answered by a blow, our hopes are rather pil-
sense. His former residence
lowed on Lord Granville, who, limited as his expe-
rienceour foreign relations ; and an
temper, tact, diligence, conscientiousness, and good
has given proofs of
out pique to indulge, or con-
nexions,self-
must have made hip well acquainted with
need or regret the want of abroad, and his
nglish Minister, with-
local factions and intrigues,
the bane of the discharged
love to gratify, will not
far, therefore, as directly
we think that which has proved
that familiarity with
conferred a great boon on the
Fo-
reign-office, concerns the " bottleholder." So
the Cabinet have
country. They have
removed an insurmountable imigdiment to the renewal
of an amicable intercourse with
ti be construed into
the great Powers of
Europe ; and we see no reason why separation from
a colleague, for taking too much upon himself in a
very critical conjuncture, ;should
the expression of an unfriendly feeling towards
France or her ruler. Whether they have materially
d
diminished their own chances of dissolution, is quite
another matter. They have lost their right hand,
their mainstay, the keystone of their ill-cemented
arch, and the connecting link between them and one
of the main elements of their stability. Whatever
Tory or Conservative tinge Lord Palmerston may
have retained during his twenty-five
years of Whig-
gery " and something more " be has contrived to
concentrate the attention of a formidable band of
ultra-Liberals on himself as their possible leader,
and should he be tempted to raise an independent
standard, the majority of these might flock to it.
The Protectionists also have begun to speculate on his
co-operation, and some of them think that he and Mr.
Disraeli, being neither of them over-burdened with
scruples, would get en very well together ; but the
Exe oration has been inopportunely revived, and
(what is more to the point) the Viscount is aware
that a Protectionist Government, or any Government
composed of materials furnished by the " country
party," is an impossibility or an absurdity. It will be,
then, most probably from the Liberal camp that he
will march to assail his old colleagues,
if he should
assail them; and we are at a loss to see why he
should not, or on what grounds beisexpected to limit
his opposition to so much of their futare foreign policy
as shall be found to differ from his own. At all
events, the opportunities for attack that ,are pretty sure
to be offered by their incapacity will be irresistibly
tempting to a man of his temperament who has rankling
slights to revenge ; and it would be requiring too much
of poor human nature to insist on his refraining from
hostile comments on the budgets of Sir Charles
Wood, or :on the colonial administration of Earl
Grey. The short time that remains before the com-
mencement of the session will probably be employed
by the Premier in patching, and mending, and beat-
ing about for recruits. But the general conclusion to
which we are irresistibly conducted by a calm and
comprehensive review of the situation is that, unless
Lord John Russell should suddenly exhibit an almost
miraculous fertility of resources, his Government will
perish like the patient who has postponed] the ampu-
tation of a mortified limb till the vital parts are
affected and his strength is exhausted, and who—
after manfully undergoing the operation—sinks, lan-
guishes, and expires.
HERALD.—The full explanation of the intrigue
—for intrigue no doubt it was—by which Lord Pal-
merston has been sacrificed, must probably after all
our speculations be postponed until Parliament meets.
The appointment of his successor is a subject upon
which we must have a few words. To what is it
that the Earl Granville—a young man of no expe-
rience—who never sat in the House of Commons—
and has had but a few years a seat in the Douse of
Peers—to what is it, we ask, that this young noble-

man, younger in politics than in years—to what is it
that he is indebted in times like the present to his
elevation to an office of so much importance to the
honour and interests of England and England's
Sovereign as the Secretaryship of Foreign Affairs ?
It is not to any public confidence he enjoys at
home. It is not to any reputation he has acquired
abroad. It is not to his experience as a states-
man, nor to his skill as a Parliamentary debater; it
is—let the truth be plainly spoken—it is to the fact
that he is nearly related to the Whig Dukes of
Sutherland and Devonshire; and by virtue of that
relationship allied to one, if not more, of the three
family clans that, associated into a little clique of
political exclusives, are determined to confine all high
offices in this country to themselves and their rela-
tives and dependents. The Cabinet of Lord John
Russell is a Cabinet of the causins of two or three
" great houses." The only principle of his Ministry
is to govern the country by the members of the aris-
tocratic cabal into which the followers of these
houses have been formed. An aristocratic connexion
in this quarter is now the only passport to the coun-
cils of the Sovereign. A Cabinet Council is now no-
thing more than " a gathering of the clans." The very
worst kind of exclusiveness guides the movements
of the Whigs. It is the exclusiveness of a little
knot of aristocratic monopolists, recognising as the
only claim to public office a connexion with their
own circle. The recent additions to the Cabinet, and
now the appointment of Lord Granville to the Fo-
reign-office, emphatically mark the resolution of " the
Council of Ten " to keep the doors of office barred
against the admission to the Council-chamber of any
who cannot qualify by connexion with the family
party that are portioning out the Government of this
country among themselves. Lord Palmerston was the
only leading member of the Cabinet who had no re-
lative at the Council board. It is not worth while to
notice the exception of the Chancellor. Every one
else had a cousin, a father-in-law, a brother-in-law,
or a son-in-law to stand by him. The Privy Seal is
the father-in-law of the Premier—the Chancellor of
the Exchequer brother-in-law of the Colonial Secre-
tary—the Colonial Secretary first cousin of the Home
—the Chancellor of Lancaster is cousin of the
Foreign. We protest we do not undertake accu-
rately to explain all the degrees of relationship even
between the leading members of the happy family
that are encaged in Downing-street. A g, nealogist
should be specially devoted to the task. An
hour's study of the " Peerage" will leave any
person who will take the trouble of reading through
the heads of Bedford, Carlisle, Grey, and Minto
under the impression that the recognised qualifica-
tion for a Minister of State is to be allied either by
blood or marriage with one or all of the nurseries of
statesmen which these titles represent. Still less do we
undertake to settle the degrees of consanguinity
among the inferior personages, those whom we may
call " the filling stuff" of the Cabinet—how Mr.
This is married to Lady Mary That. But sure we
are that there are not four members of the Cabinet
who do not owe their seats at the Council-board to

their "complicity" in that web of family connexions
which has made the higher public employments in
England the patrimony of two or three lordly houses.
This is not even the exclusiveness that would confine
the higher offices to the members of the aristocracy,
though that were intolerable enough. But it is the
exclusiveness that would monopolise them to a mise-
rable section of the aristocracy, to two or three fami-
lies and their connexions. It is an exclusiveness to which
the manhood of the country ought not to submit for one

hour. Regarding, as we do, the conferring of the seals
of the Foreign Department upon Lord Granville as
the indication of a perseverance in this system of
" domestic nomination," and therefore an insult to the
intellect of the nation at large, it is scarcely worth
while to speak of the grave objections which exist to
the appointment itself. Lord Granville may, for
aught we know, combine in his own person all the
talents of all the family party. lle may, for aught
any one can say to the contrary, be as discreet as
Lord Minto, as good-tempered as Earl Grey, as wise
as Lord Torrington, or even as able a financier as Sir
Charles Wood. But when the present aspect of Eu-
ropean politics is remembered, we venture to think the
Foreign Secretary of the British Sovereign ought to
have a name that would not be wholly unknown in
European courts. Never was there a time when, as
regards the influence of England abroad, it was more
essential that we should have at the Foreign-office a
statesman of established reputation. Never was there
cl time when the people of England ought more ear-
nestly to demand that he should be one in whom
they have confidence. To state these conditions is to
pronounce the condemnation of the appointment of
Lord Granville. Let u. however, take heart. One
thing, at least, is gained—no vulgar hands have pro-
faned these seals of office, which are religiously re-
served for the relatives of " men in office." The

mysteries of the Cabinet will not be divulged to those
who can boast no relationship with a Cabinet Mi-
nister. The preserves of " the cousins" are still
rigidly preserved. It is something emphatically to
have taught this sturdy Anglo-Saxon race that to
qualify for the highest offices of the State Parliamen-
tary ability and influence with the country are very
useful accidents ; but the real, the indispensable re-
quisite, is to be related to the family " Council of
Ten." How long will this great country submit to
have its affairs so managed by a little clique, that have
no sympathy from the aristocracy, and who pronounce
the ban of exclusion upon every one that owes his
origin to the people—upon every one, in Lint, who
does not belong to the small faction of exclusives,
whom, and whom alone, the composition of Lord John
Russell's Cabinet represents,_

DAILY NEWS.—The election of Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte, in whatever degree aided by falsification
or intimidation, to be the dictator and legislator of
France, is without doubt one of the mose serious
blows that have ever been dealt to constitutional go-
vernment. We can account for many votes by the
peculiar passions and ignorance of the class which gave
them. We can understand the Legitiusatist voting
for any heirless member, who would undertake to
kill at once every principle of freedom, under republic
or under monarchy. We can comprehend M. Mon-
talembert, who imagines human happiness and virtue
to exist in buti two mansions—the barrack and the
cloister. We can understand the Socialist, who, in
no possible contingency, could hope to put his own
principles in practice, and who, therefore, is well
pleased to be avenged of society and of all political
parties, by stifling them. IVe can understand the
ignorant peasant, the songs and traditions of
whose family are of the Grande Armee, and
who in truth knows no name save that of
Napoleon. And we can also understand the Con-
stitutionalist and Orleanist, who despair of seeing a
monarchy of the middle classes revive till the forward
spirit of liberalism has received the dire lesson of
many years' iron tyranny and exaction. All these,
however, are mean motives to a mean act. And we
believe that a far more universal and predominant
motive than any was the conviction how utterly
hopeless and useless it was to oppose Louis Napoleon's
election, and the inability for any one to see their
way to the substitution of anything else. The army
had decided. For the people to decide anything con-
trary implied resistance to the military power. The
French were no more prepared for that than the
Germans. And they have submitted, as they gene-
rally bear < adverse fortune, 'with a good face.
Of those parties who, adverse to Louis Napoleon
and to tyranny, have still voted for both in the
vague hope that they may turn to its advantage, the
vulgar Socialists are those least likely to be mistaken.
By vulgar Socialists we mean that large body of the
struggling, the needy, and the ignorant, who are dis-
contented with their lot, and who seek by some poli-
tical legerdemain to turn society upside down, and
plant themselves upon the top. Louis Napoleon has
done, or is doing, this for them with quite as much
efficacy as M. Proudhon. The main prop of his power
is the support of the most ignorant of the population
—the common soldiery, and the rustic peasants, and
the monastic clergy. Those are are the layers of so-
ciety, well represented by Montalembert and St. Ar-
naud, whom he is putting uppermost. The classes of
society that he is extinguishing and treading down
are the politicians, the professors, the men of letters,
journalists, and in fine, the gentlemen. M. Guizot
raved of a Government of notables and capables.
Lduis Napoleon puts a gag on the mouth of every
one that can pretend :to either character. It is all

the vulgarity, immorality, and brutality of the
country that is uppermost ; and that stamps its seal
upon every Government act. Look at the arrests
the letters de cachet, forced exile, the extinction of the
press, the restoration of the censorship, even upon
books, the firing into first-floor windows—these all
bespeak the ignorance, the coarseness, the defiance of
decorum, the bschnnalian triumph of the lowest class
of mind and lowest class of breeding in the country. It
is in fact sans-czdottism, as yet without the guillotine.
It is a serious disaster to havei the political educa-
tion of a country stopped. With the journals alp-
pressed, books submitted to the censorship,—the gag•
ging of the masters of public instruotion,—France
must retrograde if it bears its present yoke long. The
counter revolution in Prussia and in
Austria did not
at least, proscribe all the talent of the country. The
bureaucracy of Prussia is able, though despotic. And
even Schwarzenherg availed himself of the Brucks
and the Baches, thrown up by the revolution. But
no one with a soul or A capacity above that of a

policeman would serve the present French dictator,
who will :be reduced, to find civil employes as well as
military ones by means of the conscription. How
the liberal and educated mind of France is to free
itself from a yoke so galling
and so disgraceful re-
mains as yet a mystery.
The unfortunate schism
between the upper and the lower classes,
the propertied and the earning, has deprived
the intellect of the country of its
right
arm. And it is by this fearful
separatien,
to which the upper classes of the French
wore not
sufficiently alive these three years past, that Louis
Napoleon has profited. He is, to some extent, the
people's dictator, and his mission is to scourge the intelligent, the commarcial, and the middles
claasee.
The balance may for a long time tremble between his
prudence and their impatience; but the day of deci-
sion and of retribution will come. There is one
truth that must impress itself on the mind of every
citizen_in Europe, and that is, the impossibility of en-
joying the permanent advantages of liberty as long
as rulers can dispose of armies of from three to five
hundred thousand men. This large and disciplined
body is necessarily raised from the most illiterate of
the population. Brute power can be based on it.
And the brute pit of Europe must dominate
over its intellectual part until means are found for
all and each country dispensing with an immense
military force. There is no use now in any class,
however numerous, or any party, however well
organised, attempting to effect a revolution -until they
are prepared to deal with the army, and shake off that
incubus. We allude not, of course, to such an army
as the British, but to continental armies. The great
question now is, military or non-military rule P The
military principle predominates over Europe, and:we
very much fear may crush in a few weeks or months
whatever remains of constitutionalism in Piedmont,
Belgium, or Switzerland. Military predominance is
an inundation that must cover everything below its
level. To oppose it, or erect dykes against it, seems
for the moment impossible. All one can do is to be
prepared for the sinking of the waters, and to labour
for the restoration of constitutional, civilian, pacific,
and economic systems of government. The task is
not an easy one, the end not to be attained save through
much suffering, and many years of constancy and
labour ; but that it is the chief thing to struggle for
must be evident to one who contemplates the present
state and future prospects of European society.