The Sun.
London, England, 1833-04-08 00:00:00

GERMAN PAPERS.

MUNICH, MARCH 29.—Private letters from Na-
poli di Romania, of the Ist inst., which were brought
to Trieste by the Greek brig Epaminondas, confirm
the preceding favourable accounts from that king-
dom. His Majesty King Otho, and those about
him, all enjoy the best health : tranquillity and
order have never been interrupted since his arrival;
and the Government finds in the confidence and af-
fection of the Greeks a firm support, and every
means to fulfil its beneficent objects. The Bava-
rian officer, who is commissioned to bring to our
gracious Sovereign the detailed official accounts,
was to leave Napoli on the 6th. We may therefore
expect the arrival of these despatches in the course
of next week.

CORFU, FEB. 20.—0 n the 13q1 inst. the Senate
of this island assembled to choose the representatives
to the Legislative Assembly, for the fourth Parlia-
ment. The voters were above four hundred and
eighty. Out of twenty-one candidates, the first
seven who had the most votes were declared duly
elected. This important affair was effected with
the greatest tranquillity. The persons elected are,
the Chevalier A. Mustoxide„ Count Nicolo Feo-
toky, Dr. Francesco, Solari, Dr. G. Giannata, A.
Battaglia, S. Giallina, and the Chet, alier A. Dan-
dola. The Senate of Zante assembled on the 14th,
and there, too, every thing passed off with the
greatest tranquillity. At Cephalonia there were
sortie disorders, which were, however, soon put
down.—Allgcnteine Zeitung, April 2.
BRUNSWICK, MARCH 28.—The preparations for

the erection of the new Ducal Palace, which will be
in the site of the old Palace, which was built at the
commencement of the last century, were so far ad-
vanced that last Tuesday was fixed for laying the
first stone. It was the express desire of the Duke
that all pomp and every reminiscence of past events
should be avoided on this occasion.
FRANKFORT, MARCH 31. —The Turkish Ambas-
sador, Namick Pacha, has passed through this city
on his return from London to Constantinople.
It appears by the letters from the lonian Islands
that there were serious disturbances in the island of
Cephalonia, in the middle of the month of February,
but that order was restored after the issuing of a
proclamation by the Lord High Commissioner, and
other measures. The four principal instigators of
the troubles were brought under a strong escort to
Corfu. We have a private letter from St. Peters-
burgh, contradicting the allegations and accusations
of General Lafayette in the French Chamber of De-
puties against Russia, and the Emperor Nicholas.
The general, it seems, related to the Chamber from
the Tribune the following story :—" The Em peror of
Russia met, on his journey near Kiow, 6(41 Polish
children, who were being conducted to Siberia or to
the Caucasus. On the approach of the Emperor they
thought their deliverance certain, but it was not so;
300 boys were obliged to proceed on their journey,
and 300 girls were distributed among the Polish
officers." The truth is that the Empei or met 600 Po-
lish prisoners of war, who had all borne arms against
Russia. Of those Polish children the youngest was
24 years of age : nor were they on their way either
to ,--iberia or to the Caucasus, but to St. Petersburgh,
with an escort of 20 Russian soldiers and one
officer. There were no girls with this division,
consequently none to distribute; and it is besides a
lie that any Polish females have been taken to
Russia. The Emperor alighted from his carriage,
conversed affably with the prisoners, pointed out
several who should be incorporated in the select

LONDON,
MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 8, 1833.

Having endeavoured on Saturday to draw the
attention of our readers to the vast importance of
checking the growth of the mischiefs arising
from our poor laws, we will now lay before our
readers statements of their operation in different
parts of the country. It is impossible to open
the volume contaiming the extracts from the in-
formation received by the Commissioners, with-
out finding a frightful abundance of every de-
scription of abuse, but all tending to the same
ends, the destruction of the morals and happiness
of the poor, and the ruin of the country. The
first extract we shall make cloSes the account of
a long and melancholy series of evils which the
poor laws have occasioned at Eastbourn, Sussex:

"In the month of December, 1832, four healthy young
men, receiving from 12s. to 14s. per week from the pa-
rish, refused to work at threshing for a farmer at 2s. 6d.
and a quart of ale per day, and the only punishment in-
flicted on them by the parish officers, was taking off half
a day's pay, Is. ; at the same time a poor widow, aged 75,
could obtain but Is. per week for her support from the
Vestry. The fishermen being secure _of pay without la-
bour, refuse to go to sea in winter. One has said, " Why
should I expose myself to fatigue and danger, when the
parish supports my family and pays my rent ? The mas-
ters in the fishery have in consequence been forced to send
to Hastings for hands requisite to man their boats. Rent
of cottages is generally paid for families of three children,
to the annual amount of 3071. Since the time of the riots,
and the establishment of the present scale of parish wages,
the Vestries held every fortnight for determining relief,
are very ill atended—the parishioners seeming to despair
of any improvement, and anxious hopes are expressed of
the interference of Government."

The following are striking, but common in-
stances of the working of the system :

" Mr. Nash, of Royston, is proprietor and occupier of
a farm containing 150 acres, situate a mile and a half from
his residence, and in about equal proportions in the pa-
rishes of Barhway and Reed, in the county of Hertford.
It is what is usually called an outfield farm, being at the
extremity of these parishes, and nearly equidistant from
Royston, Therfield, Reed, Barhway, and Barley. Mr.
Nash employed six men (to whom he gives throughout
the year, 12s. a week), two boys, and six horses. In
1829, 11r. Clarke, the overseer of Reel (a respectable
man who occupies half the parish, and has generally ma-
naged all its public concerns), told Mr. Nash he could no
longer collect the money for poor rates, without resorting
to coercive measures, which he would not do ! and that
the unemployed poor must be apportioned among the oc-
cupiers of land, in proportion to their respective quan-
tities; and that he (Mr. Nash) must take two more men.
All Mr. Nash's labourers had been some years in his ser-
vice, and were steady, industrious men, and he regretted
the necessity of parting with any of them. The two
men displaced were those who came last into his service
(and for that reason only). One was a parishioner of
Ro3ston, an excellent workman at any kind of work. He
lived near Mr. Nash's house (a great convenience), and
his wife superintended a small school Mrs. Nash had esta-
blished fur the benefit of her poor neighbours. The other
was John Watford, a parishioner of Barley, a steady, in-
dustrious, trustworthy single man, who, by long and rigid
economy, had saved about 1001. Of the two men sent in
their stead, one was a married man, with a family, sickly,
and not much inclined to work; the other a single man,
addicted to drinking. On being dismissed, Watford ap-
plied in vain to the farmers of Barley for employment. It
was well known that he had saved money, and could not
come upon the parish, although any of them would wil-
lingly have taken him had it been otherwise. Watford
has a brother also, who, like himself, has saved money ;
and though be bas a family, and has been laid aside from

work for six years, he leas received no assistance from the
parish. After living a few months without being able to
get any work, he bought a cart and two horses, and has
ever since obtained a precarious subsistence by carrying
corn to London for one of the Cambridge merchants; but
just now the current of corn is northward, and he has
nothing to do, and at any time he would gladly have ex-
changed his employment for that of day labour, if he
could have obtained work. No reflection is intended on
the overseers of. Barley ; they only do what all others are
expected to do ; though the young men point at Watford,
and call him a fool, for not spending his money at a
public-house, as they de,. adding, that then he would get
work."

" Since Mr. Senior was at Royston last week, another
instance has occurred on this farm, illustrative of the work-
ing of the poor laws. John Warren, an inhabitant of
Therfield, has been housekeeper there for nine years. A
few weeks ago, the bailiff told Mr. Nash he could not
find employment for so many men. Mr. Nash desired
him :to dismiss a bankwayman who happened to have
misconducted himself. The bailiff's wife shortly after-
wards told Mr. Nash that, if he pleased, John Warren
would like to go, as he had a large family, and the justices
(the magistrates of the Royston division) would give him
as much or more, without work, as he earned, and he
should avoid the dirty walks from Therfield this winter.
Mr. Nash (who is a proprietor, but not an occupier in
Therfield) has accordingly discharged him, and he will
no doubt, next week, add 12s. or 15s. to the enormous
eleemosynary payments made in this disorganized and de-
moralized parish, by the natural and inevitable operation
of the peer laws. Previous to 1814, there were no un-
employed poor, and they were remarkable for their indus-
trious and orderly conduct, and all was satisfactory,
liberal, and remunerative : now a large portion of the
poor have no work, and many lands lie unploughed,
covered with thistles, and spreading their seeds with every
wind for miles around ; and it is said the largest and most
wealthy owner and occupier has seen his men steal
his corn out of the barns, but would not pro-
secute, alleging that he must keep them, and that they
would live on less if they had the trouble of carrying it
away, than if he was to thrash and carry it to Hertford,
and bring the produce back to them in money. One of
the largest barns on this gentleman's farm has been pulled
down piecemeal by the poor, and carried away for fuel.
The only probable amelioration of the system may be,
perhaps, in appointing itinerant stipendiaries, who should
execute the duties of both magistrate and overseer. It is
unjust to compel a large occupier, whose business requires
more personal attention than that of other men, to
give his time and exertion gratuitously to a disgusting
public duty,--the only reward of which is either a broken
head, or the chance of being burnt in his bed."
In the evidence given respecting the parish of
Great Shelford, in Cambridgeshire, will be found
several instructive particulars, but the following
are only illustrative of facts of every day occur-
rence throughout the country. On one of the
principal proprietors being asked whether some
of the farmers of neighbouring parishes, or the
overseers could not help in relieving the parish
of a portion of the mass of pauperism which

_ -
weighs it down, the answer was :
" No, our men won't quit the parish, they will not go
even five miles off to Cambridge. The other day I said
to a man who was receiving 12s. a week for his family,
an able-bodied young man, ' They want a hand at the oil-
mills, and the wages are 12s. a week, go and do a little
work there.' He answered that he would not, unless the
parish gave him 2s. a week, besides the wages he was to
earn.

" Was that done ?.—Yes.
" You bribed the man by 2Q. to go and earn 12s. ?
Yes ; it was t bribe, but we saved 10s. a week.
" And are all your men of this character ?—.Yes, more
or less, the whole of them. They know they have aright
on the parish, and must be maintained; they will hardly
do any thing for themselves. Some time ago I offered a
man who works for me, and is a good man enough, with
a large family, an acre rent free. 1 said, You have a
large family coming on, and if an acre will be of any
service to you for a garden, and to keep a pig or two, you
are welcome to it.' But be would not take it.

" Why, what did he say?—He said, Thank'ye, Sir,
I should like it; but I should not like to give up my pri-
vilege on the parish.' I said, Why, if you have an acre
rent free, you must not expect the parish to allow you
what it does now.' Then, he said, be would rather not
have it.

"Do you think lie felt any gratitude to you?—No; I
dare say he thought it was as broad as it was long.
" So that an act for which, in France, or Switzerland,
or Germany, a man would have gained the love and re-
spect of all the neighbourhood, created mistrust instead of
gratitude.—Gratitude! I am not aware tint they ever
feel grateful for any thing. Whenever they are ill, they
send their basins here for soup, or any other little delicacy
they may want; and not to me only, but the other gentle-
men and 'farmers are just as willing as I am ; and we go
to visit and assist them, but they never seem grateful, or
behave better. They think every thing is their right.
What will the Sadlerites and their fellow hu-
manity mongers say to this? Will they ac-
knowledge that the course they are pursuing
may have consequences worse to them than
simply shaking the popularity of Ministers with

the humane, kind-hearted, but deceived and
mistaken part of our population ? One conso-

lation we have drawn from the volume before
us is, that the knowledge of its contents will
guard the public against the representations of
a faction who set themselves up as the sole
friends of the poor, and will do more to establish
the truth of the great maxim not to interfere with
the natural operation of the demand for labour,

than all the books which have been published
from the time of ADAM SMITH downwards. We
cannot to-day spare farther space to this subject,
but there are many important parts of the evi-
dence we shall, on some future occasion, deem
it our duty to lay before our readers. We think
we have at present quoted sufficient to show that
some radical change is absolutely necessary ;
for, although there are scattered through the
book instances of parishes in which, even
after the whole labouring population had come
upon the poor rates, after almost every
woman had become a prostitute, almost every
man a thief, a poacher, or an incendiary, the
adoption of a system of severity, the refusal of
all relief except for hard work, has brought
back something like industry and morals, yet the
whole evidence shows that the evil is gradually
gaining strength, and must continue to do so
unless the Legislature interfere and do some-
thing to throw the labouring population again on
their own forethought—providence and industry.

That that " something" must not be founded
on any principle which shall take from before
the eyes of the working classes the fear of distress
proportioned to their greater or less improvi-
dence, the future extracts we shall give from the
evidence will abundantly prove. Also that no
mere modification of the present system will be
sufficient, any man will be convinced who reflects
upon the suggestion thrown out in Mr. CHAD-
wicies report, that to work it properly requires
every year a succession of 14,000 men of extra-
ordinary discernment, extraordinary ability, ex-
traordinary firmness, and extraordinary disinte-
restedness. Truly it would be marvellous if
abuses did not spring up under a system which
requires such extraordinary machinery to work it.

The French Papers are chiefly filled with
speculations respecting the state of affairs in the
East, but contain nothing definite on the sub-
ject. The Quotidienne of Saturday says, that a
despatch has been received from the Ambassador
at Constantinople, soliciting his return to France.
No reasons are assigned for this solicitation. By

peror of RUSSIA is nervously anxious.
so
' the German Paper, we perceive that titt,ear:e
his character from the charge of inhum „
General 14A:r_l
lately brought against it. by
by thousands ttowhehpoecrhisidihel parent's sr.!;,
ttithimEirTss—tearing
Chamber of Deputies. The hillne;
is desirous that it should be known to &eer
that he " alighted from his carriage, and
eerf
sirniaottmchleiethwdeastes
of
sovo;
versed affably" with some Polish grist? St,
whom he happened to meet on their way ties°
Petersburgh ! What an act of elereeneYll.4o
wonder the Russian Nero is desirous to 1:"010
Paris
it duly advertised ! Reverting to the East Ist
ALI had refused to accede to
inst., state the important fact thathis Mill'is°,ll,'he
treaty which Admiral Rovssithile Itieardms;;l:;}-1
himself to the Turkish Government should
.id
journals, in an arttie,crinleewjaeeicdntbasioteeialdnievasTe,ouyleoinb:
seilelce
accepted. The Viceroy is anxious, it would
appear, that his son should reach the Turk
capital before the Russians, as he is aware
without
they only can prevent the capital falling, wit
even a struggle, into the hands of IRRASIM'
1111, ------ have been
No further accounts from Oporto ..--e
received at the Portuguese embassy.
Div
We are sorry to find by accounts from ileg
mingham, that the trade of that district coutie-of
lin a sadly depressed state. A large numbe,,,r to
the journeymen manufacturers are not au"' k
obtain more than two days' work in the leo;
and many of those who have constant OP
e'cc
ment, do not earn more than ten shillings° riheit
—the masters being unable to disposedof :this
goods at remunerating prices. A e'duet,
distress, however, there is great good efu the
which is partly ascribed to the hope teetatiee
efforts of Mr. THOMAS ATTIVOOD, t° in the
the House of Commons to inquire in t° will
causes of distress and the means of remedy' of
eventually succeed, and partly to the oertniffthe
employment for a vast number of hands ; id
London and Birmingham Railway Bill si.°ll
be carried in the House of Peers.
An evening contemporary, who tunaetscevsf,
sobtainingthat
histhe
Marquis information
ef
PALMELLAfroin ofHia I
be:stib eeeof
invited to resume his place in the ginistryral
the Regency. We were enabled to state sev,e 0
tdhoua ytisnwaegtohe,aecannot
thatnot
formalsfiunc stepthiwtaahya that
wi
ht
il lie: aha ss
tiythleet c
beenon t e mrPelseotri t°eo,l;
garqui° so
PALMELLA would consider necessary aelicy
amende for the unwise and ungenerous P° e,
by which he was displaced. The important si
crifices made by the Marquis for the Constitutiebniic
cause, account for his demanding sonic Pi tilt
acknowledgment by the Regency, of th:; .1'
r•
which it committed in dispensing with big
Sept.
vices. At the same time that the Marquis el
PALMELLA was invited to Oporto, Col°lllo
apwHei
slao,ltrt,aDehtdGwee Eeiaunss
Belgian
loesiiaopren.ve
errc:eftocioaeercisilmv:
jeeo.tdphn_te, a
when
h invitation i ti at t i
shall
which re ..
usettle('
ssTtruorrctioainisd,
wPhriicnhcehaTveAnLoLrEYßANDP the Dutchc
oi the Prt:
posals made by M. DEDEL to Lord PALMEiII:
Plenipotentiary wrote to his Court for new f
received ; and it is understood that W' g
TALLEYRAND and Lord PALMERSTON, heiPbe
willing to concede one important point of tos
King of HOLLAND, viz., the renewal 0" cer
Conference, provided they could lay d°vlll,,,,ilti
tain bases by which all the members of it el; ef
be governed, addressed notes to the Cenrir•eg
St. Petersburgh, Berlin, and Vienna, equ'hieli
distinct answers to certain categories bY viblea
the British and French Cabinets will be en % of
to shape their course. Of the concurrencol
Russia in the wishes of Great Britain e , ;
France not the slightest hope is entertain is 01
but it is thought that the ambitious prniecio- re
the Emperor NICHOLAS in the East will snore
Prussia and Austria, and make them., and
willing to act in concert with this country
than
as regards Belgium and Holland,

they would otherwise have been. be'
During this suspension of negotiations
off,
tween M. DEDEL and Lord PAINEB°;°dIe:
the partisans of the disputants have not been of
Several pamphlets for and against the IClrj„,''eat
HOLLAND have appeared, and at this inu'i ja
the attention of those who take an int,ceree,chp
the question is directed to a pamphlet in L'ren,- the
but of which a translation is to appear durinea,"
week, entitled " La Hollande et la Confesree
by F. GOUBEAU DE ROSPOUL. We Alisitocol
this name to be a mere nom de guerre,o" .0.
the style of the work and many passages, ere
ArAll
clined to attribute it to the pen of iv.'" TCag
DE WEYER, the Plenipotentiary of "oetcy
LEOPOLD. As an expos 6 of a questionresrople
ing which so much has been said that Pbeoutt
almost forgot what the argument has been a" the
M. VAN DE WEYER'S pamphlet is deeidediltion
best that has appeared, and as a delnnnstr; the
of the unjust and unreasonable demands eioja
King of HOLLAND, it must, we imagine' re gree
without reply. We do not, however' e'ocr
with the author in all that he says Of the• ion,
ference. The acts of that body, in °lir °P1:1011
frequently evinced a vacillation which waanc oh
tatted to encourage the obstinacy of the '-hich
King, and strengthen the encouragement cr
he received from his allies.

iiii
Hopeless
of the Union question.
Mr. O'CONNELL—as will be seen by leg
etter in another part of The Sun--annou".ci-a
his. intention of immediately resuming the ag, , 6
topeless one,—quite as much so as th° 'for
corded by SWIFT of the Laputa professor,a4r
" extracting sun-beams from cucumbers: I"biff
O'CONNELL may experimentalize 0" .as
cucumbers as frequently and in as many gar•
$
fashions as he pleases, but he will never sere°
lain-beam out of them. The project )se,

the
The Wolverhampton Chronicle says that ad
,ron Trade maintains with great steadiness the ad a)
pric,e, and that it is highly probable an addap.'diitionsbor
vance will be made at the ensuing Quarter-"
briant