The Sun.
London, England, 1856-04-29 00:00:00

THE SUM LOND

to see how the amount. of crime can be increased '
by the number of police, unless on the supposition
that the police supply the increase in their own
persons. The difficulty is easy enough of solu-
tion. The police, under the new system, are
more anxious to win a character for activity than
to repress crime. This opinion prevalent through-
out the country, is fortified by Mr. HENLEY'S
statistics, which show that the number of convic-
tions obtained under the police system, bears no
sort of proportion to the number of apprehen-
sions, from which it may fairly be inferred the
police expend their energies without judgment,
and either neglect to secure sufficient evidence to
convict the guilty, thus offering a premium to
crime, or apprehend the innocent instead of
the guilty, which comes to pretty much the same
thing in the end, only in a more aggravated de
gree, for the apprehension of innocent individuals
cannot but hare a demoralising effect, and tend
to the increase of crime, independently of the
encouragement simultaneously held out to the
guilty. Convictions, and not apprehensions, are
the true test of efficiency in a force, and, in this
respect, the constabulary suffer nothing by a
comparison with the police, but rather gain. Po-
lice majors, and captains, with their military
predilections, may vaunt as they please of the
superiority of their trained forces over the con-
stabulary of our boroughs and townships, but the
farmer and the citizen, who have had the oppor-
tunity to compare the past with the present, will
not be so ready to endorse their allegations. The
latter may be gravelled by statistics, but it will
take, a new, and hitherto unheard-of, system of
notation to convince them they lose less by depre-
dation to make up for the increased amount of
police rate exacted from them.

All the pretensions of Government to anxiety
for the better protection of life and property we
do not hesitate to say are—fudge. If the War
has done nothing else it has shown that. Our
soldiers have been sacrificed by thousands to the
most criminal neglect. Millions on millions of
the public money have been buried, without a
possibility of resurrection, in the Crimea, and
lavished in the dockyards and on the seas to no
earthly purpose, unless it were to show how the
taxpayer might be bamboozled. What the Go-
vernment wants, and what every Government,
until we get an English one, will want, is an in-
crease of governmental power--the ability yet
further and with greater safety to ignore the
wishes and set at nought the interests of the
people—to establish, iu short, that Germanic
regime which " the power behind the Throne, awl
greater than the Throne," would have established.
Gradually the network of centralisation is em-'
bracing the country in its meshes ; and, unless
the public address themselves to resistance, the
particulars of some astounding arrest in contra-
vention of all English precedent will be the first
thing to convince them how dangerous was their
apathy—how madly they suffered their birth-
right to be filched from them ! It is the age of
little statesmen—the age, of all others, when ecu-
tralisatioa should be especially guarded against.

Ll&i sif! 1.)? RO2l Till,l 6A. LE -
ANDEK TO CO UN 7' OfILOFF.

(From yesteeday's Moniteur. )

The Etnperor of Russia has just addressed to
Count Orloff; First Russian Plenipotentiary at the
Congress of Paris, the following letter :

Count Alexis Fedorowitch,—The exchange of the ratifi-
cations of the treaty, which you signed on the 18th (30th)
of March, and which have been sent is you to-day, has
just put the seal to the work of pacification entrusted to
your care. This peace has been sincerely desired by my
father, of imperishable memory. Animated by the same
sentiments, I accepted the propositions respecting it as soon
as the object was attained which the Emperor Nicholas had
proposed to himself for securing the desliby and rights of
Christianity in the East. Relying on yottr oft-tried devo-
tion t• the throne and countrj, I need you my first
rem tiary ir the conclusien of a peace the conditions
of which were to afford a solid basis for firmly securing the
repose of Europe. The attitude, full of loyalty and up-
rightness, which you assumed from the very commence-
ment of the negotiation did not fail to cpen path towards
a reunion with the Powers that were at war with us.
The accomplishment of this great and laborious mission
has fully satisfied my expectation, and the fresh deserts
you have acquired while engaged on it give you an addi-
tional claim upon my heartfelt gratitude.
Under the auspices of this peace now re-established my
first care will be devoted to developing and securing the
prospeltity of the empire which God has confided to my
solicitude. lam firmly convinced that I shall always find
iu you a zealous co-operator and a wise councillor amid the
toils of power that await me while striving to attain this
sacred object.

In testimony of the high confidence which I repose in
you, I have just raised you to the dignity of President of
the Council of the Empire, as likewise of the Committee
of Ministers, also of those of the Caucasus and Siberia.
At the same time I reiterate to you the assurance of my
unchangeable good wishes. ALEXANDER.
Saint Petr:rsburg, April 5 (17), 1856.

The Grand Duke of Tuscany, who is now at Naples,
purposes visiting the Pope, to consult with his Holiness
on the present prospects of Italian rulers.
There was a report at Beriin on the 23.1 inst. that the
Council of War had condemned M. de RochoN to time
years' imprisonment in a fortress.
It is said that Count Nlorny will reside at the Woron-
zoff Palace at St. Petersburg. The count is beset with
solicitations for appointments as attaches.

4 •
Lc Nord, ar.d other journals in the Russian interest,
publish full details, from "special correspondents," of
the late naval review at Spithead.
The " churchine of the Enpreqs Eugenie takes
place to-morrow. Her Imperial Majesty all, it is said,
make her first appearance in public, since her confine-
ment, on Saturday next, at the 0 Leon.
There i 3 a iumour at Rowe that in the month of Juno
next the Emperor and Dcpress of Austria mill visit the
H :ly City, to take part in a grand fete in honour of the
dogma of the Immacu,ate Conception.
The Court of Rome is sedulously endeavouring to
obtain from the government of Tuscany a concordat
similar to that lately granted by Austria.
Count Cavour's presence in the Sardinian Chambers
is a vaited at Turin with lively impatience.
Th., Duke of Leerle has left the Clarendon, for
11.,riday Castlr, n sr C4tterick, Yorkshire,
The Countess Dowager of We.tmoreland and Lady
Georgians Fane have arrived in Upper Brook-street,
from Brympton House, in Sornersetsbire.

Sir Ji,ltn.ariti Lady Matilda Maxwell have arrivad at
the Clarendon.

The Rev. A. Peyton has arrived at the Clarendon,
from Doddington Rectory, bear Coatteriv, Cambridge-
shire.

Archdeacon Hale will deliver his archidiaeonal &verge
to the London clergy, on Mendsy, at 11 o'clock, at the
Church of St. Sepulchre, C.ty.
CRYSTAL PALACE.—ONE SHILLING DAY, Monday,
April 28.—Admissions on paereent, 2.269 ; ditto by
eeason tickets, 560 ; total visitortL2 829.
SUPPOSLD DISCOVERY OF THE BODY OF FOSCHINI.—
On Sunday ieformation was received at the chief police-
! office, Scotlaed-yard, that the body of Fuechini, the
Italian, had been discovered in the River Thames. It
was, however, ascertained yesterday that the body is not
the body of Fos chilli, as was at first supposed, though it
bears a very strong resemb'ance.
LORD DALHOUSIE —The steam-frigate Tribune, having
on board Lord Dalt ousie, lelt Malta for England on the
20th, in tow of the Furious, paddle-wheel frigate.
It was stated at Southampton yesterday that the
Queen would shortly review the fleet at Spithead again,
to enable the members of the notifies of Lords and Com-
mons; to witness the review to advantage ! _
MONEY ORDER OFFICES.—The Agents of this Depart-
ment at Malta and Gibraltar having been authorised to
issue Money Orders on several Monty Order Offices in
the United Kingdom, Postinastere are instructed to pay
Money Orders issued at Malta and Gibraltar, provided
they are in conformity with the regn;ati, ns. The ad-
vices of all Orders issued at, Malta will be made out at
the Money Order Office in London ; but the advices of
Orders issued at Gibraltar will be made out, on the
usual form, by the Agent these, and no order must be
paid unless the necessary advice shall have been received.
This regulation is confined to the issue of Money Orders,
and, consequently, no Orders must be drawn upon the
above-mentioned pIaces.—ROWLAND HILL, Secretary.
THE MAILS —SOUTHAMPTON, April 28.—The Pen-
insular and Orientil Company's screw-steamer Sultan,
Captain N. Cook, sailed this afternoon, with the mails
for Vigo, Op rto, Lisbon, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, 20 pas-
sengers ; 3,7001. in specie for Lisbon; for Cadiz, 9,1261.;
total, 12,826/. ; and a fine cargo of general merchandise.
The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Magdalena, Cap-
tain G. Abbott, is expected with the homeward portion
of the West ladle and Pacific mails about the 2d
proximo. The Plata, Captain Weiler, will sail on the
2d of May, with the mails for the West Indies, Mexico,
and the Pacific. The Ut;it:,d States mail steam-ship
Washington, Captain Cavendy, is expected to arrive off
Cowes, en route from New York for Bremen, on Satur-
day next.

According
A to the. Militeir Zeitung, all the Aus-
trian companies, with the exception of those in
Italy, are to be reduced to GO men, which is just
half the usual strength of a company when on a
peace footing.

LATEST NE WS.

PARIS, TUESDAY, APRIL 29, 7.30 A.M.

The Moniteur publishes the Treaty of Peace
and its three annexes, as also the declaration
of the 18th of April, which regulates different
points of maritime law.

It announces that the publication of the pro-
tocols will commence to-morrow.

BERLIN, APRIL 26.

The account given that a Prussian vessel of
war is to be stationed at the Danube has just been
officially contradicted. A part of the corps
&armee of the Caucasus is to operate this sum-
mer towards Tschetchentsy, and a part of the
troops of the Crimea towards Abasia.

ALEXANDRIA, APRIL 20.

Ethami, son of Abbas Paella, is said to have
claimed as much as 20 millions from the viceroy
as his paternal inheritance. Arbitrators have
been appointed, the viceroy having chosen four
consuls and Ethami four natives.

MADRID, APRIL 27.

]Marshal Espartero arrived yesterday evening
at Valladolid, where he was received with the
greatest enthusiasm.

FRANCE.
PARIS, MONDAY EVENING.

The Emperor yesterday received several foreign-
ers of distinction, who were presented to his Ma-
jesty by the British ambassador and the Prussian,
Brazilian, and Dutch ministers.
The Aroniteur briefly announces the exchange
of the ratifications of the treaty of peace yesterday
afternoon, and states that the treaty and the docu-
ments connected with it will be published in its
columns to-morrow. The treaty which, with the
annexes and the protocols, forms a volume of up-
wards of 200 pages, has been printed at the I►n-
primeiie Imperiale, and between 2,000 and 3,00 t)
copies have been struck off. It is probable that
each of the senators and deputies will receive a
copy.

The Moniteur says :—" The information which
we receive as to the state of the crops of every
kind in the neighbourhood of Paris is most satis-
factory. The mildness of the temperature during
the last few days and the abundant rain which has
fallen have given a surprising impulse to vegeta,
tion in our tieldi and meadows. At Argenteuil,
at Suresne, and other localities, the wines Gf which
supply a large part of the consumption of Paris,
the vineyards look remarkably flourishing, and no
trace of disease is to be seen. It will be thus per-
ceived that the influence of the lane rolise, whie't
is now nearly at its close, has been most benignant."
BOURSE, April 28.—The following were the
closing prices :

Cash. fr. e. End of Month.
ti per Cents 93 23 —f. —C.
3 per Cents 73 GO 73 65
New Loan 74 30

Bank Shares 3,950 Roman
Credit Mobilier 1,720 A.ustrian
Belgian Fives — Spanish Threes
PiedinonteN-(5)...... 9:3 25 Home Debt ......

itAILWA YS-708 CASH.

fr. c. fr. c
Or!eans 1:400 Western
Northern
Lyclts.. 1,41.10 NSV7 d) C 33 75
71,:;ditc,-.-Loasr.a Grand Cautr,l
Lyons, Gezeva 890 Testa
Cotte 793 Auct:an Com, ..... 27 f3O

AMERICA.
ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA.
(BY MAGVETIC TELEGRAPH.)
(FROM OUR OWN CORRFSPONDENT.)
LIVERPJOL, MONDAY.

This day, at 4 p.m., the Royal steam-ship Asia,
Captain E. G. Lott, arrived off Holyhead. She
sailed from New York on the 16th inst., and has
brought, besides the mails, 139 passengers, and
450,000 dollars in specie on freight.
Passed the Baltic at midnight on the 16th, from
hence on the 2d inst., and the Royal Mail steamer
America on the 27th, off Fastnet: The Cambria
arrived at Halifax on the 14th.

The Asia has experienced easterly winds on her
homeward passage.
In the Congress, on the 15th, the Post-office
Committee reported the Bill authorising the Secre-
tary to the Navy to contract with Livingston and
Vanderbilt to carry mails from Southampton and
New York, on the same terms as the Cunard line.
The Washington arrived at New York on the
13th inst.

There was aterrific hurricane at Philadelphia on
the 12th, causing great injury to property, but no
lives were lost.

Havanna dates to Bth April report the island to
be healthy. Sugar and molasses unsettled in price.
Money at New York was active, and the supply
sufficient. Paper was in good demand, and the
quantity in the market small. Stocks active. Prices
tend downwards.
The cotton market was animated and rather
dearer.

In the breadstuffs market there was rather more
doing in flour, which was heavy and lower. Prime
wheat steady, inferior neglected, and prices nomi-
nal. Indian corn unchanged.
Provisions finer ; sugars active, and a good de-
mand for molasses.

Freights dull and unchanged.
Exchange on London, 9i to ; ditto on Paris,
5 171 to 520.

(BY TELEGRAPH FROM NEW ORLEANS.)

APRIL 11.

The sales of cotton for the week ending to day
foot up 61,000 bales, and the iucreased receipts at
all the southern ports 513,000 bales. Stock on
hand 393,000 bales.
APRIL 12.
Cotton has advanced 4e. to ic. Sales to-day,
3,500 bales middling, at 10c. to 10Ic.
APRIL 14.
Cotton sales to-day, 2,500 bales. Middling is
quoted at 10ge.