The Sun.
London, England, 1856-09-27 00:00:00

THE SU:-A, LONOON, SATURDAY EV 14.NING_ SEPTEMBER 21, itts4:

correspondence" now goil ig on on the sub-
ject be conducted with firmness on the part
of the Allies, seems likely to retain pos-
session of it. The Br itish and Austrian Go-
vernments are said 1,1 uo be extremely indig-
nant at the bad fail h of Russia—but what
right bad the former t' 3 look for anything else ?
and really Austria, he )wever firm, should be as
mum as she can about the matter. The question
then being, as we fai icy—shall Russia be per-
mitted by the aid of false maps to frustrate the
grand object the Allies had in view in this portion
of the Treaty, viz., :l-►er e 'elusion from the Danube,
or not ?—the natio' a will look with considerable
interest for the rep ly, and will hold the Govern-
ment responsible fo c its nature. Another blunder
may prove one too many.

Mr. COBDEN has a right, if ho pleases, to tell
all the world what f oolish spendthrifts his coun-
trymen are. Had re taken for two or three years
a course which the country would not follow, we,
too, might not hAve been unwilling to endeavour
to right ourselves, or a t least to assert our persist-
ency in our creed, before all Europe. We must
bear with him), therefore, if he use a letter declin-
ing an invitation to the Brusoels Free-Trade Con-
ference, as a peg on which to hang a diatribe
against the late war. He should, however, not
practise the vulgar fallacy of unexplained statistics
to those who may, perhaps, forget to look beyond
his figures. The years 1854 and 1855 showed
some falling off in our exports, say, together,
about four or five millions ; this year the exports
of the firs t seven months will fully attain to what
might have been expected from the average annual
increase since the inauguration of Free Trade.
If all goes 0,11 as it has done, we may export about
twelve or fourtoeu millions more than we did
during the years of war. " Observe," says Mr.
COBDEN, in one of his sly parentheses, " observe
the upward rebound of the present year of peace."
Now, we always respect the parentheses of a
careful thinker, and suspect those of an advocate.
Your exact man cannot write without giving the
quP,lifications of his statements ; hence they increase
his credibility with thoughtful readers like him-
self. Very different is their use in the hand of
the partisay. He suggests to you in his paren-
theses what be would prefer not to attempt to
prove. Now, Mr. COBDEN willingly overlooks two
facts, though one of them stares him in the face
in his own table. In the year 1848, the third of
Free Trade, our exports fell off six millions, from'
the previous year, and the next year advanced
about eleven millions. To any one quoting figures
to deduce truth from them, this surely was worth
attention. It showed that the fallings-off and
• "rebounds" of commerce are not necessarily de-
pendent upon war and peace.
As to the smaller falling off and rebound to

which Mr. COBDEN refers, the singular and notori-
ous fact is that these fallings off were in the Aus-
tralian and United States trade, which was
surely unaffected by the war, at least were more
than accounted for by our diminished exports to
those quarters, while any difference in our trade.
with Russia was much more than compensated.by
those which went to various parts of the East (in-
dependently of war stores), and to India also.
Mr. COBDEN was fully cognisant of these facts ;
and how, then, could he honestly imply that a
state of war and a state of peace were the cause
of the deficiency and the rebound The truth is,
that never did a war interfere so little with com-
merce as this "foolish, just, and necessary war."
We strongly incline to think, however, that had.
the wit whom Mr. COBDEN quotes been living
now, he would. have laid. the folly at the right
door—or doors. One fool would certainly have
been the man who began the war; and SIDNEY SMITH
, would have thought it, we apprehend, the opposite
of wisdom for England to pule about a peace policy
till the fool, more ambitious of territory and
power than of exports, thought that no European
injustice, no prospective injury to our position,
would induce England to fight.
Europe, however, well knows that if Mr. COB-
DEN retains his opinion, so does his country hers.
It was indeed no great compliment to the under-
standing of the delegates, or of any one else, to
moot the question whether " Free Trade were
responsible for the nation's misuse of its wealth."
We know not who in his senses holds a man's
!node of conducting his business responsible for
the use lie makes of the money lie earns by it.
Some will spend it in pleasure or speculation, or
even in gambling ; some will extend their business
with it ; some will invest it in land or the Three
per Cents., and retire ; and some will spend much
of it on humane and philanthropic objects. It
vas, in fact, on the last that the country spent
its money. Statesmen, and Princes, and Courts,
we know, had baser designs, but not those who
had earned the wealth by free trade. They had
noble and elevated objects in view. They were
sick at heart with the succumbing of all Courts to
the great Despot of the North. They groaned
over the wrongs of Poland and of Hungary, and
of Italy too ; and had not the COBDEN clique com-
bined with Louis NAPOLEON and Austria to stop
the war, another year might have seen Scandi-
navia encircling the Baltic, Poland emancipated,
Hungary asserting its rights, and Italy standing
on its feet. The nation sees the folly only of
those who at the beginning and the end converted
a just and necessary war into ono of " foolish"
results.

Desirous as the substantial metropolitan house-
holder has very properly shown himself to have
reduced to a minimum the temptation which in
the guise of " cold meat " has so often led the
nocturnal policeman to a temporary deviation from
his beat,*he may not unfairly be called upon to
show such desire arose from no animosity to the
force by lending his voice to the removal of a
cause of temptation of a very different nature, but
likely to be attended with the same effect. In
our impression of Wednesday the reader might
observe a report from Dr. LETHEBY to the Com-
missioners of Sewers, from which it appeared the
sworn defenders of the peace in the region of
Whitefriars are subjected to what they not unjustly
designate " a terrible nuisance." While pursuing,
more particularly in the silence of the night, the
by no means " even tenour of their way," their
nostrils, it seems, are assailed by a disgusting and
injurious stench, so much so as to cause them to
feel sick and sometimes to vomit, which effects
are followed by a falling away of their strength
and condition to an extent which, it is said, ne-
cessitates their removal elsewhere. We have but
to name the fons malorum to convey the assurance
that there is no exaggeration in the above state-
ment. It is the City of London Gas Works,
which, doubtless to the surprise of all provincials,
are situate in the very centre of London, and, as
a necessary inference, in a crowded locality.
The noxious fumes, we are told, are evolved
in the process of purification, which the great
artificial source of light in our cities requires. In
conducting this process the company, it would
appear, have manifested no indisposition to ren-
der it as little offensive as the appliances of science
would enable them ; on the contrary, everything
they could do, we are told, has been done, and
the only result of the newest process recommended

by the chemist has been a positive increase in the
noxiousness of the vapours emitted. This being
the case, the question arises—What is to be (lone ?
Is the skill of the chemist to be put once more in
requisition, and relays on relays of the police to
be placed hors de combat until the contemplated end
is attained or must the company be compelled
to remove their works at the expiration of a rea-
sonable notice ?

Whatever may be our sympathies with the
police—and sympathise with them we must do
under so intolerable an infliction—their suffering
is by no means the only nor the chief point to be
considered. If they whose official duties extend
over but a portion of the twenty-four hours,
and this spent .in the open air, be thus
affected by the effluvia from the works, what must
be the Tate of the inhabitants of the locality who
have constantly to breathe the same atmosphere,
if i.n a varied degree, of intensity ? and how
m any thousands of the population in the neigh-
'oourhood must, if in a minor degree, be inju-
riously affected by it ? In the gardens of the Temple
the greatest difficulty, we are told, is experienced
in rearing tender trees and plants ; and there can
b a no doubt that within a considerable area the
health of human beings is, to a greater or leas
(3xtent, being undermined. It may seem hard
to the shareholders of the company to be threat-
ened with an expenditure which, for a time, may
seriously diminish the annual dividends, more
especially when the desire to do what can be done
to. render the works innocuous has been so signally
umnifested. But the health of thousands cannot
b e permitted to be trifled with to ensure good
c'dvidends for a few years to a few score of share-
holders. The obviousness of this truth is so
glaring that we should be ashamed to insist on it ;
and, moreover, being satisfied that under no circum-
st,lnces can such works be properly conducted in
a crowded locality, we unhesitatingly answer the
sc)cond question in the affirmative. The City
f‘las Works must no longer be permitted to poison
the city atmosphere, as well as that of the locality
with their noxious exhalations, but must be
-transferred to a distance from the metropolis,
from whence there can be no difficulty in supply-
ing the wants of consumers. The adjective, let
us add, by which the police describe the quality
of the above nuisance may with great propriety
be applied to the slow progress of the City in the
race of improvement—it is " terrible." The
veriest Cockney ought to be ashamed of it !

COrf.RT CIRCULAR.

BALMORAL, SEE. 25.

The Queen and the Prince Consort walked and drove
in the neighbourhood of the castle yesterday, the incle-
mency of the weather preventing any distant excursion.
The royal dinner party included the Duchess of bent,
the Princess Amelie of Hohenlohe Schillingfurst, Lady
Augusta Bruce, the Earl of Aberdeen, and Sir James
Clark.

Despatches were sent from the Colonial-office yester-
day to the Governor of Canada.

The Bishop of Oxford, on Wednesday last, preached
at the cathedral the annual sermon in aid of the funds
of the Lincolnshire County Hospital. The Stamford
Mercury says the collection amounted to 1021., the largest
that has ever yet been obtained.
The Earl of Chesterfield, 1.41 rd Stanhope, the Earl of
Southampton, and Captain Oliver, are enjoying excel-
lent shooting at Bingham, in Nottinghamshire.
The Marquis of Lothian has left town for Blinkling
Hall, Norfolk. His lordship has just returned from the
Continent.
The Duke and Duchess of Bedford have returned to
Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire, from ♦isiting the Duke
and Duchess of Leinster, at Carton House, Maynooth.
The Duke of Cleveland has arrived at Raby Castle,
Durham, from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Rich-
mond, at Gordon Castle, near Fochabers, N.B. The
Duchess and Lady Augusta Poulett have also arrived
at the castle, from town, for the winter.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury will receive
company at Hatfield House, Herts, about the middle of
the ensuing month.
The Earl Fitzhardinge left Berkeley House, Spring-
gardens, on Thursday, for Berkeley Castle, Gloucester-
shire, for the hunting season.

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston left town on
Thursday for Broadlands.
Lady Marian Alford has joined the Marquis of Nor-
thampton and family circle at Castle Ashby, Northamp.
tonshire, from visiting the Countess Brownlow and the
Ladies Cust at Belton Lodge, Torquay.
The Nottingham Review says the Right Hon. Lord
Forester, whose nuptials we lately recorded with the
Lady Beauvale, widow of the brother of the late Lord
Melbourne, is about to take up his residence with his
bride at Knipton, in this county.
The ex-Queen of the ',renal), Queen Amelia' accompa-
nied by their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess
of Nemours, the Count d'Leu, Duke d'Alenpn,
and the Princess Marguerite and suite, will visit Oxford
on Sunday next—apartments having been secured for the
distinguished party at the Angel Hotel. The apartments
engaged are the same which the late Queen Dowager
Adelaide occupied when she visited Oxford, and held a
levee for the first time on record at an hotel. We
understand that the ex-Queen and party will remain in
Oxford till Tuesday next.
The new library of the Dean and Chapter of Durham
has been opened to the public on the same conditions as
the old one. Considerable sums have been expended on
its restoration.

We understand that on Tuesday, the 30th inst., the
Bishop of Durham will resign his see, pursuant to a late
act of Parliament. After that day he must be addressed
as Bishop Maltby, in like manner as the Bishop of
London will, after his resignation, be Bishop Blomfield.
—Durham Advertiser.

Major-General Sir Richard J. Dacres, K.C.B , is
appointed Major General on the Staff in Ireland, to
command Royal Artillery. This is a new appointment,
and is a tribute to the services rendered to British arms
by Sir Richard while in command of the Royal Artillery
in the Crimea.

An lichen Ferry fisherman, named Harris, was
drowned in Southampton water last Tuesday, when it
blew so hard. Such an accident has not happened for
many years. Harris was about 30 years of age, and
was lame. His fishing boat was found bottom upwards,
with the crutch with which he walked in the boat. His
father and brother have been all the week groping for
the body.
Rossini, the composer, arrived at Strasburg, two days
ago on his return from Baden. In the evening be went
to the theatre, where an ovation had been prepared
for him. He stopped at Strasburg one day, and then
left for Paris.

The county gaol of Lancashire is now almost self-sup-
porting. A. very large number of articles are manufac-
tured there from cocoa nut fibre, by the prisoners. These
articles are exported largely to America.
It is understood that about 40,0001. was taken from
the Bank yesterday in gold bars for exportation.

THE PARIS CONPERENOES.—The Nord learns that
the conferences of the second plenipotentiaries of the
Paris Congress—those ministers of the powers repre-
sented therein who reside in the French capital—will
shortly be convoked, to regulate the questions left un-
settled last April.
THE COURT AT BALMORAL.—Tbe royal party have en-
joyed their usual healthful sports and pleasure drives
during the week. Notwithstanding that the weather
has become cold and variable, with occasional showers,
the Prince Consort has been almost daily in the
forest stalking for deer. On Friday his Royal Highness
bad the best sport of the season. He killed four stags,
and one of the number wore a royal head. Indeed, it
is evident that, at a range of 600 yards, the quarry has
httle chance when his Royal Highness is armed with
his Minie or any other well-to-do gun. His Royal
Highness, we believe, the other day brought down a roc-
deer from the carriage in which he was driving on the
moor of Inver, a little to the westward of the Invercauld
Arius. On Monday her Majesty gave a grand ball at the
castle, to which a numerous party of the royal visitors
and nobility and gentry of the district had the honour
cf receiving invitation by her Majesty's command.
The entertainment was on a splendid scale.—Abcrdeen
Journal.

OUR PRINCESS ROYAL'S INTENDED.—An anecdote
touching Prince Frederick William and his future
illustrious consort is current at Berlin amongst the
highest circles, which reflect great credit on the perfect
sense and judgment of the former, and upon the high
intellectual and sterlieg qualities of the latter. On re-
turning from England, Prince Frederick William is said
to have been aeked by the Prince, his father, what he
thought of his future Royal bride. "In my position,
and with my future destinies," rejoined the son, "my
special duty is to consider the mind, character, and
tendencies of my future consort infinitely more than all
external appearances. The latter won my heart—the
former my admiration and profound respect. They are
such as are fully worthy of her Royal mother, and such
as are best qualified to ensure my domestic happiness,
and to win for my wife and me the love and esteem of
the Prursaian nation."

LATEST NEWS.

The Times' (second edition) Paris correspondent

says :

" The Neapolitan question still makes no pro-
gress, and many conjectures and reports spring, as
might be expected, from this pause in the pro-
ceedings. People say that it looks as if the de-
cided measures announced hung fire, and infer
from this that they may not be taken, and that
the matter may, after all, be in some way patched
up. Now one of two things is quite clear ; the
King of Naples must yield, or France and
England must abandon the demands they
have so strongly urged. It is difficult to ima-
gine an intermediate course ; equally difficult
to suppose that, after all that has passed—after
coming to a decision and preparing a squadron,
the two great Powers will allow the thing to blow
over, and the King of Naples to continue as
before. It is quite incredible that such a course
should be adopted, and I do not believe that it
will, or that indecision exists on the part of the
French and English Cabinets. Probably, were it
consistent with the reserve and secrecy necessarily
imposed upon high departments of the State, the
slight delay might be explained in a very easy
and natural manner. But the public, having
got wind, perhaps rather prematurely, of the
measures contemplated, is puzzled to understand
why they are not immediately executed, and
forges obstacles where forms perhaps are the sole
impediment. The general tenour of the intelli-
gence on the subject contained in the French and
foreign paper does not encourage a hope that the
King will give way, and that the final notes pre-
pared by France and England may be dispensed
with. Of the success of Baron Hubner's repre-
sentations there is as yet no promise, nor does it
seem to be thought probable that he will be able
to arrange the difficulty. Meanwhile the end of
the week approaches, beyond which, as we have
been assured, the despatch of the notes is not to
be delayed."

The Times (Second Edition) Vienna corres•
pondent says :

" Whatever may be said or written to th•
contrary, the Austrian Government is greatly
vexed that the Western Powers have resolved to
send their ships to Naples. It is not that this
Cabinet has any kindly feeling towards his Nea-
politan Majesty, but it denies in Cato the right of
one State to interfere in the internal affairs of
another. Credible information has been given
me that Austria has done all in her power to
prevent France joining England in the ex-
pedition to the Gulf of Naples, and that
she is much mortified at her want of success. I
know to a certainty that the Imperial Cabinet has
more than once informed the Neapolitan Govern-
ment that it cannot and will not interfere in a
quarrel which has been brought about by mere ob-
stinacy. Austrians in office affirm that Baron
Hubner had no mission to the King of Naples,
but the impression on my mind is that he had,
as General Martini, the Austrian Minister at the
Court of Naples, has for some time been abSent
from his post, and did not leave Vienna to return
to it until yesterday morning."

NAPLES.
The Morning Post (second edition) says :
" The intelligence we get from 'Vienna to-day
informs us that Prince Petrulla, the Neapolitan
Minister at that Court, had sent his resignation to
Naples. The Vienna journals also state that Sar-
dinia wishes to take part in the expedition to
Naples, in order to protect her subjects. Why
Prince Petrulla has resigned I know not. He has
been many years at 'Vienna, and was supposed to
enjoy the confidence of the King. At all events we
may suppose that his resignation originated in
some difficulty in carrying out his instructions
from Naples. It is that he has failed to convince
Austria of the necessity of supporting King Fer-
dinand. The Vienna telegraph also informs us
that an Austrian ship was to join the allied
squadrons if they went to Naples. lam unable
to throw any light on these unexpected events."

The Oesterreichische Zeitung has received news
of importance from Cattaro. The Turkish steamers
Malakhoff and Silistria, with Mehemed Pasha, the
Turkish Governor-General of Bosnia, and four
battalions of guards, on board, are expected at
Antivari, in Albania. There is also a great move-
ment of troops in the HerEegovina and Turkish
Servia. The Bosnian Contingent is assembling
at Mostar, under the command of Mehemed
Pasha, and the Roumelian troops are marching to
Monastir (Albania), where Abdi Pasha has his
head-quarters. All these preparations are mak-
ing against Montenegro, but it is almost certain
that there will be no attack on that nest of free-
booters this year, as the Powers have interfered.

M. de Sydow, the Prussian Envoy in Switzer-
land, has replied to the note of the Federal
Government in the following terms :
" In answer to the note of the High Council of
the Swiss Confederation, of the 10th, the under-
signed Privy Councillor and Envoy of his Majesty
the King of Prussia can only refer to the tenour
of his note of the sth, and to the reserves for-
merly made on the subject of the principality of
Neuchatel. The undersigned avails himself of
this opportunity to repeat to the High Federal
Council the assurance of his consideration.
"DE • SYDOW."

The latest intelligence from Con'stantinople
asserts that Admiral Houston Stewart is to re-
enter the Black Sea, and that the English fleet,
under the command of Lord Lyons, will receive
reinforcements. Persia has proposed to refer to
the arbitration of a foreign Power its differences
with England.
The Porte is sending to the frontier of Mon-
tenegro fresh troops, munitions of war, and an
artillery force of 90 heavy guns.

There was a rumour yesterday in Vienna that
some Austxian ships of war were ordered to
Naples as a " squadron of observation."

FRANCE.
PARIS, FRIDAY.
The Emperor and Empress will leave Biarritz
on Tuesday next, on their return to Paris.
The Bank of France has concluded an agreement
with the Mint of France, under which the latter
undertakes to furnish it with 50,000,000 fr. in gold
pieces of five francs. The Mint will furnish
175,000 fr. every day.
The following telegraphic despatches were re-
ceived yesterday :
" ST. PETERSBURG, 25th.—The Emperor has
addressed letters to the inhabitants of J ekatherMo-
slaw, Cherson, the Taurida, and Bessarabia,
thanking them for the patriotism of which
they have lately given proof. Count do Ben-
kendoriT is appointed Russian Ambassador at
Stutgardt. The Grand Chamberlain Ribeaupierre
and M. Sumarakow have been raised to the rank
of counts. The Emperor has restored to thediabnity
of prince the following persons latelyarnnestied :
Trabetzki, Obstenzki,Wolkowski, Schtakepen, Ros-
towski, and Royatinski. A nautical observatory
has been founded at Cronstadt. A commission for
maritime constructions has been appointed."
" MARSEILLES, 25th.— Since Tuesday there has '
been a rise in the price of wheat of 2f. on 16 deca-
litres, occasioned by the intelligence from Azof of

tile scarcity d grain. The arrivals citirittg the last
two days amounted to 70,000 hectolitres. The
evolutionary' squadron still remains at Toulon.
Two new shocks of earthquake have been expe-
rienced at Constantine and Setif."

" HAMBURG, 25th.—The resignation of M. An-
dra°, the Danish Minister of Finance, is about to
be followed by that of several other members of
the Cabinet. The present Ministry is in a state of
dissolution."

BOURSE, Sept. 26.--i'ae following were the last
quotations :

Cash. fr. 5. End of Month.
per Cents (ad) ... 91 50 —f. —a.
3 per Cents 69 10 68 75

gew Loan

Bank Shares 4,100
()redit Mobilier 1,645

Ro man
Austrian
... . .

Belgian Fives .. ~ .. Spanish Threes
Piedinontese(s) . 9O s') Home Debt

RAILWAYS-FOB CAM

fr.
... _
Irleans ....... 92
1,325 Western... 0 -
N: orth e r n - Strasburg
r_iyons- - -.......... 1,315 New Ditto ......... 825
51editerranean 1,770 Grand Central 652 50
Lyons Geneva ...... 750 Taste
Cette

fr. a

THE MORTALITY :AT BOULOGNE.

The sanitary Ntats of Boulogne-sur-Mer, some
deaths that occurred there, and especially the me-
lancholy case of Dr. Crampton's family, appear to
have excited a degree of alarm not altogether jus-
tified by the circumstances. There seems no doubt
that at Boulogne, and also at Calais and some other
places, there has been a rather unusual amount of
angina, or severe sore throat, which has in various
instances proved fatal. Persons interested in, or
desirous of, the prosperity of Boulogne, which has
suffered in consequence of exaggerated reports, have
naturally done their utmost to dissipate the popular
belief that the malady was particularly rife in that
town, urging the probability that some of the per-
sons attacked may have brought the seeds of the
complaint with them, and adducing, in proof of the
healthy state of the place, the mortality of certain
periods as compared with similar periods of previous
years. Thus it appears, from a statement that has
been forwarded to me, that in the week from the
10th to the 16th September, there were but 13
deaths, which is little more than half the number
during the same week of 1855, and rather less than
in any of the previous five years. It may be ques-
tioned, perhaps, how far the alarm inspired by the
reported spread of the disease in the month of Au-
gust may have induced timid or delicate persons to
leave the town. I know of a case of a family
which, having lost a child at Boulogne by that com-
plaint, sent off two other children to Paris, where
they sickened and died within twenty-four hours
of each other. From inquiries I have made in
medical and other quarters I have reasonito be-
lieve that the angina, which has shown itself in
several towns of the north of France, was more pre-
valent at Boulogne than elsewhere, and that it was
of an eminently contagious, and, in a less degree,
of an infectious character. I am assured, however,
that during the present month it has declined both
in virulence and in the number of cases, and pro-
bably by this time there is no particular reason for
shunning Boulogne or considering it less healthy in
that respect than any other place. There have been
cases i.t Paris, but not more than the average, as
far. as I can ascertain, and here the malady has cer-
tainly not assumed an epidemic form.—Times'
Paris Correspondent.