The Sun.
London, England, 1851-02-01 00:00:00

HIGH WATER Al LONDON BRIDGE

THIS DAY —Morning 15 min. after 2 f Evening 32 min. after 2
To-; foazow—Morning 52 min. after 2 j Evening 9 min. after 3

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, FEBRUARY 1,
THERMOMETER, IN THE SHAD&
41—highest since noon yesterday.
33—lowest this morning and during the night.
37—this day, at noon.

BAROMETER, 29.4 8.
WEID N.N.E.—fight breeze and fine.

DAILY WEATHER TABLE.
state of the Wind and Weather at each of the following
places at Nine o'clock yesterday morning.-The stations
are arranged in order of latitude.
KINGSTOWN (D UB LIN )-W ind S.S.E., gentle breeze-
partially cloudy.
Pr,imoi; rFl—Wind N.W., strong breeze-partially cloudy.
POOLE -- Wind W., strong breeze-scud, rain.
pimas3„){sT,___Wind N. W., gentle breeze-overcast.
B I ITUN—Wind S.W., strung breeze-heavy rain.
HASTINGS-Wind S. W., strong breeze-rain.
bournam-roN-Wind S.W., strong breeze-rain.
FOLKESTONE-Wind S.W. gentle breeze-overcast.
BASINGSTOKE—Wind S.W., gentle breeze-overcast.
GREENWICH-Wind S., gentle breeze-heavy rain.
SWINDON-Wind S.W., gentle breeze-overcast.
OXFORD-Wind S.E., gentle breeze-snow.
CoLcunsTna-Wind S.W., gentle breeze-snow.
Cammunua-Wind S.W., gentle breeze-overcast.
Ruonv-Wind S.W., gentle breeze-overcast.
YAiLmourri-Wind S. W. strong breeze-cloudless.
LYNN-Wind S.W., gentle breeze-partially cloudy.
CONWAY-Wind S.E., gentle breeze-cloudless.
HOLYHEAD—Wind S. h., gentle breeze-partially cloudy.
LIVERPOOL—Wind S.E. calm-cloudless.
BEATTOCK-Wind N.W., gentle breeze- cloudless.
BERWICK Wind N.W., gentle breeze-rain.
The returns from the following places indicate the state of
the wind and weather on Thursday morning at nine
o'clock :-
DUNDALK-Wind S.E., strong breeze-sleet, rain.
Poout -Wind N.W., strong breeze-cloudless.
Cum-it-Wind S.W., gentle breeze-partially cloudy.
YORK-Wind S. W., gentle breeze-partially cloudy.
DA RLLN GTON—Wild S.W., Stormy Partially cloudy.
WHITEHAVEN -Wind S.W., gentle breeze- partially cloudy.

r -,IIL Alk.'&l4";AAI,
raNna
LONDON, SATURDAY FEBRUARY 1, 1851.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer has already be-
gun to receive his annual applicants for the aban-
donment of this part and that part of the existing
system of taxation. Sanitary reformers want him to
forego the duty levied on windows. Newspaper
proprietors, and publishers generally, want him to
remit the imposts on paper, as a manufactured corn..
modity. Some want him to run his pencil through
the malt-tax, and others flesh.° the same thing to le
done by the tax on advertisements. It must be ac-
knowledged that the Right Honourable Baronet has
rather a Perplexing time ©f it, among so many,
such diversified, and such persevering interro-
gators. Deputation after deputation is admitted
to an interview with him in his official residence, and
all to little or no purpose whatever. Keeping a steady
eye on the loose memoranda to be afterwards gathered
together for the formation of his Budget, he clings with
a desperate and unyielding tenacity
to every means—
;`lia" 'Matter how paltry or unjust—for swelling the
7scootin- "tof the revenue. Let it be demonstrated as
that the .41logihealth
iA
of
the people is I
f .
!.
_LX:Lo/ .•

..!1/21. A F

Considering the many difficulties at all times sur-
rounding a Chancellor of the Exchequer—bringing
him anxious days and sleepless nights, even un-
der the most favourable circumstances—it must
be confessed that in the long run, and "in
his own generation," he is acting wisely when
thus ridding himself of these periodical deputations.
Instinct assures him that only in this way can he re-
lieve himself from a multiplicity of embarrassments.
Experience tells him that when once the revenue
table is docked in one quarter, it must be forthwith
added to in another. He knows that without this
immediate and premeditated compensation, he runs
the risk of finding himself a defaulter to the tune of
an odd million or so at the end of the financial twelve
months. To ask him, therefore, spontaneously to
consent to the remission of such and such
particular imposts is about as likely to
elicit a favourable response as to ask a
hungry giant to lay down his knife and fork at
a banquet. The cravings of the financial appetite
must be attended to ; and, unhappily, we English
have found those cravings to be altogether insatiable.
Speaking plainly, therefore, it is little less than mere
waste of time, after all, to go down each January to
Westminster for the purpose of laying the various
grievances of the population before (of all men in the
world!) the very man who, from his position and re-
sponsibilities, is the most solicitous to maintain
those identical grievances to the very uttermost.
One resource we have left, and the only one likely
to prove effectual—the House of Commons. There
we may look with something like confidence for the
ultimate triumph of our opinions ; but even there
only through the resolute application of agitators and
petitioners out of doors. Without such preliminaries
we may hope in vain for aid of this kind from the
Imperial Legislature. True, that advantages indirectly
arise to the cause we hold so much at heart from
these annual deputations to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer. It helps to rouse public attention to the
existence of a great evil to learn that Mr.
CHARLES DICKENS, and Mr. CHARLES KNIGHT,
and Mr. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, and Mr. T. B,
CROMPTON, and Mr. PETER BORTHWICK, waited
upon the Right Hon. Baronet in Downing-street, for
the purpose of suggesting to him the propriety of
abandoning the paper duty as one pernicious in its
influence on the morals and intellects of the commu-
nity. Equally advantageous in its effect is the an-
nouncement following the very day after of the Finan-
cial Minister having received the Hon. CHARLES
VILLIERS, Sir JAMES DUKE, Mr. WILLIAM
EWART, Mr. MURDO YOUNG, Mr. GRANT,
and Mr. INGRAM, who attended upon him
to the end that they might protest with
all imaginable emphasis against the continuance
of the duty levied on advertisements. The know-
ledge of the mere circumstance that movements of
this kind are being made, with a view to forward the
cause of reform in the prevailing system of taxation,
acts as an encouragement to those who sympathize in
any manner with the promoters of that essentially
patriotic undertaking. Hence it is that we look
with complacency on the annual flocking of deputa-
tions to the official residence of the Right Hon. the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, satisfied that although
he may (and inevitably will) remain inflexible to the
force of the most cogent and persuasive arguments
the public at any rate will be awakened from sluggish
ness to the appreciation of Truth and Justice.

The Ultramontanists, whose present object appears
o be, so far as practicable, to allay the storms of in-
! dignation excited in the hearts of the Protestant
people of England at the recent Papal aggression, the
attempt of a foreign potentate to exercise power and
authority over the English soil, contend that it is
merely " a spiritual and ecclesiastical supremacy"
that is claimed—a supremacy which is inseparable
from the constitution of the Roman Catholic Church,
without which the schismatic body who resisted the
assumption would be, to use the words of Dr. Cul.-
LENS " a branch cut off from the tree,
or a stream divided from the fountain, or
a sunbeam from the sun." The admirable
pamphlet of Mr. EDWARD JAMES,* to which we
directed the public attention in the early part of the
week, however, furnishes the best answer to those
allegations by showing, that even in what are now
termed " the times of Catholic England," the Roman
PONTIFF " had not by our laws and constitution any
recognized or admitted spiritual authority in Eng-
land ;" but, on the contrary, that the spiritual claim
which in these days was connected with the
presentation to benefices, and the control
of the Ecclesiastical Courts, was as strenuously
and boldly resisted by our Roman Catholic ancestors
as it is in the present day by every European nation,
no matter what may be the dominant or prevailing
religion. The " Voice from the Vatican" was indeed
unceasingly heard, endeavouring to support the
attempted usurpation, but there was a feeling of
nationality, a manly and uncompromising spirit, that
maintained the independence of the British people,
and prevented them from bowing their necks to the
Italian yoke. During successive ages, generation after
generation, century after century, that independence
was jealously and vigilantly guarded. Even when the
" Papal ban" was more formidable, and carried with
it greater terror than it could be supposed to occasion
at the present day, the ancient British Church as.-
serted its right to govern itself at all times. It con-
stituted a powerful and influential body even in the
sixth century, before the arrival of AUGUSTINE, who
had been consecrated Metropolitan of the English
nation. He endeavoured to persuade the national
bishops to recognise him as their
spiritual
superior,anddioceses
a
Both these demands, however, were steadfastly op-
posed, and after ample discussion and calm and mature
certainlso to
rites adopt
and
in their
observances.
respec-
tive
deliberation rejected in every particular. The supreme
authority of the Bishop of ST. DAVID s, the then chief
and metropolitan of the English Episcopacy, was
boldly asserted, and it was declared that " it was not
for British interest to own either the Roman pride
or the Saxon tyranny." It was not, indeed, until
many years afterwards, under the Raman dynasty,
during the reign of the first HENRY, that the Arch •
bishop of CANTERBURY was recognised as the English
Primate.

Shortly after that spirited assertion of the indepen-
dence of the British Church, PAULINUS, a friend and
companion of AUGUSTINE, who had been appointed
Bishop of Northumbria, by EDWIN, King of that
district, was superseded by OS y, the successor of that
Monarch, in favour of AIDAN, " to whom the KING
oranted spiritual authority over his dominions, fixing

* " Has Dr. Wiseman violated the Law ?" By Ed-
ward James, Esq., M.A., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-
at-Law. London: James Ridgway, Piccadilly,

injured, nay, that mortality is very considerably in-
creased by maintaining the abominable tax on win-
dows, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer
still closes his eyes against the necessity for
systematised ventilation, and virtually gainsays
the benefits capable of being derived from a generous
scheme of improvement. Remind him of the hideous
Asequences resulting from the maintenance of the
detestable impost on paper ; prove to him that
through it the multitude are debased by the influence
of a villanous and prurient literature; show how the
miserable catchpenny periodicals are made up of
obscenity and irreligion, and tell him, in words that
admit of no denial, that these disseminators of the
principles of depravity sell to the detriment of all
wholesome publications of a cheap description,
and to the incalculable injury of the community
at large—and he will still maintain with
an inflexible demeanour that the proceeds of the
paper tax are necessary items in the catalogue of the
revenue. Lay before him the injustice of the adver-
tisement duty, bring to his remembrance the severity
with which it falls upon the poor servant-of-all-work
seeking for a situation, imposing upon her demand
for honest labour the same amount as is laid upon the
capitalist announcing his wish to part with an estate
of a thousand acres—and he will still remain blind to
the force of every argument, and refuse to accede
even to the minutest concession. He listens
with unalterable affability— be can smile at a
facetious observation, and sometimes, when in a more
than usually good humour, crack a dry little joke him-
self; but the end of it all is, be bows you politely out
of the reception-room, just about as wise as when you
entered it, and with quite as vivid an idea of the time
for the carrying into effect of all your long-cherished
aspirations.

" Thou cant sot, Cardinal, devise a name
So slight, unworthy, and ridiculous
To charge me to an answer, as the Pope.
Tell him this tale, and from the mouth of England
Add thus much more,—that no Italian priest
Shall tithe or toll in our dominions;
But as we, under Heaven, are supreme head,
So under Him that great supremacy
Where we do reign we wilt alone uphold,
Without the assistance of a mortal hand.
So tell the Pope, all reverence set apart
To him and his usurped authority."
If such were not the genuine sentiments of English-
men of the day, this would not have received authority
and currency from the hand of SHARSPERE. The
ancient feeling is now restored. The English people
are disposed to exclaim with HENRY

" I may perceive,
These Cardinals trifle with me. I abhor
This dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome."
And that they may understand the true merits of the
question and be enabled to give sufficient reasons for
their sentiments and sustain these views against all
opponents, we may again strongly recommend a close
and attentive perusal of the able pamphlet of Mr.
EDWARD JAMES.

We are glad to find that the Freehold Land move-
ment is making great progress throughout the country.
It is the true method by which, and by which alone, the
working man can work out his political emancipation.
It is to Englishmen, what from its name the
Socititi aide toi Dieu t'aidera ought to have been
to Frenchmen. The support which this movement
receives from the veteran and eminently practical
Reformer, Colonel Tuomrsom, is a sufficient guarantee
to every one who may have before doubted of its
feasibility ; a report of his admirable speech at the
Bradford meeting, on this subject, will be found in
another column, and we strenuously recommend it
to the attentive perusal of every Free-trader,and Re-
former.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC,

We have received the Paris journals of yesterday.
M. CHAMBOLLE thus replies, in the columns of the
Ordre, to the attack of M. DE LAMARTINE on the
Committee of Permanence :
" M. de Lamartine, making himself, after three months
of scandals and calumnies, the plagiarist of the Decem-
brists, does not fear to denounce thirty or forty of his
colleagues as having been concerned in manesuvres more
or less secret, more or less culpable, which had perhaps
the character, and, at all events, ought to have the effect
of conspiracies. If we had not belonged to that Perma-
nent Committee, which is the principal object of his de-
nunciations, we might be indignant; but it is allowed to
us who went neither to Wiesbaden nor to Claremont to
smile and treat as it deserves this piece of calculated
buffoonery, this ridiculous fable, the recitals of
which, disseminated in advance, were to cover
more serious faults and long-premeditated designs.
When a man of M, de Lamartine's fame twice
in a fortnight makes himself the echo of such silly
assertions, it is natural to ask the question—How has he
fallen into such an excess of blindness and passion-?
flow? That would be a sad history to narrate, for, in
looking closely we should find all the springs which,
already under the monarchy, after having isolated M.
de Lamartine, precipitated him into a wild and senseless
opposition. What he reproaches M. Thiers, M. Berryer,
and M. Dnfaure with every one knows or divines. For
General Changarnier it is a difficult matter; he had a
mass celebrated at the Tuileries after Louis Philippe's
death. It is a great crime assuredly; but is it not a
greater one to have displayed on April 16, 1848, with-
out any official title, sufficient activity, presence of
mind, and energy, to have in a great measure the
honour of the day's result. Another general (imprudent
as he was) vent out to walk whilst M. de Lamartine
was speaking! Oh! for him no mercy; he certainly
conspired! But who is it? Is it by chance General
Cavaignac, that Republican of tiers•parti, coterie,
Divine right, who was shameful enough in the ter-
rible days of June to save Paris and France, whilst
that glory belonged by right to the Executive Com-
mittee? Yes, certainly, all these party chiefs, since M.
de Lamartine has such grievances against them, must
be, whether aware of it or not, conspirators! And why
should he show them any consideration? Is he not also
as authorised to reproach them with having recently
compromised the public peace, as he might be to accuse
the chiefs of the old opposition of having agitated the
country by banquets?—he, the author of that Histoire
dos Girondins,' in which St. Just and Robespierre were
so opportunely justified and glorified;—he, the chief
speaker at the banquet of Micon ;—he, the ardent ad-
mirer of the socialist harangues pronounced at Lisle and
elsewhere by M. Ledru-Rollin;—he who, on the eve of
the catastrophes generally foreseen, and which others
endeavoured with all their efforts to turn aside, made
every exertion, with M. d'Alton Sh4a, to bring about
that famous revolutionary banquet of the 12th arrondis-
sement, whence was to issue the opportunity for the
plotters, the crisis for the king, and a long train of suf-
ferings for the people!"
The Moniteur du Soir has the following :
" The dotation of the President of the Republic was
the subject of general conversation to-day in the Salle
des Conferences at the Assembly. Several members,
who pretended to be well-informed on the subject, said
that the Bill would only be presented by a definitive Mi-
nistry, to be chosen from the old majority. In the prin-
cipal groups which were formed, the question of the do-
tation did not appear to excite so much opposition as M.
Thiers appears to have anticipated in the tribune,
except on the part of some Montagnards and ultra-
Legitimatists."

It was rumoured that MM. ODILON BARROT and
LEON FAUCHER have been commissioned to form a
Ministry out of the old majority, and that this Mi-
nistry will propose the Dotation Bill. On this ru-
mour the Presse makes the following sensible
remarks :
"It is evident that the majority, after having ad-
mitted its weakness, and submitted to its fall, will
seek to resume by stratagem that which it is inca-
pable of acquiring by force. It will play a modsst
part for a few days. It will applaud M. de Roger;
it will caress M. Vaisse. It will put forth in its
.journals that its divisions are at an end, and that
it has reconstituted itself as before. Who knows?
it will perhaps hold forth in its half-opened hand the
charming seduction of dotation! Will the President
of the lip public allow himself to ho taught in this
En are.? Will ho consent to aliennte his right and his
dignity for a hope of dotation. Will he choose his
ministry in the ranks of the fallen majority? Will
he restore to the Burgraves the influence which they re-
gret? Then we pity him, for in deliveringhimself up
to the fallen majority, he exposes himself much more
than if be were to abandon himself to the hostile majo-
rity; he yields to humiliated enemies who have not
only an ambition to satisfy, but have also a humiliation
to avenge. Such is the peril which the President of the
madeßepublic e incurs
strength by
of
abatnhdeonlng his situation. What has
executive power in the con-
flict which has been going on before our eyes ? It
is his right. Ile was attacked because he dismissed
General Changarnier; because he had disconcerted
the hopes of the Monarchical parties; because he
had returned to the ground of the Republic. These
attacks have only served to enfranchise and to

the seat of his authority at Lindesferne, instead of
York, the former see." ELNAN, the successor of
AIDAN, consecrated CHAD, a Northumbrian, to the
see of London. From that time forth we find the
Sovereign for the time being appointing and
displacing prelates of his own authority, ut-
terly indifferent to the Papal behests the
independent feeling being well expressed by the
answer of ALFRED to the letters of the then PON-
TIFF. "I will never," said that English King, " re-
voke what my predecessors, by the advice of their
counsellors and archbishops, have decreed in obedience
to any mandates of the Apostolic see, as you are
pleased to call it."
From that time forth until the reign of HENRY 1.,
we find the English Kings not only asserting but
continually exercising that power. In the
reign of that Monarch, however, the notorious
deficiency of whose title to the throne encou-
raged pretenders of every sort, we find ANSELM,
Archbishop of CANTERBURY, " refusing to consecrate
Bishops invested by the Crown." His brother of
Yous; however, did not concur in these views, but
was always ready to consecrate the bishops appointed
by the SOVEREIGN, and the barons of those days, who
assumed the jurisdiction of, and might almost have
been termed petty kings within, their own domains,
boldly resisted the encroachments of the Roman See.
We cannot recapitulate the numerous instances
of resistance to the Papal aggressions which
the extraordinary labour and research of Mr.
JAMES has brought to light. For these we
must refer to the pamphlet itself, which will well
repay perusal, and which should be closely and atten-
tively studied by every man desirous of maintaining
the independence of his native land. The Protestants
will thereby learn the utter absurdity of the claim
now preferred ; and the sincere and conscientious
Roman Catholics—those who share in the honourable
and praiseworthy sentiments of the Premier Duke,
Earl, and Baron of England, and of his worthy
associates, Lords BEAUMONT and CAMoTs,
and a host of others, who feel and think
as Englishmen owing allegiance to their ac-
knowledged SOVEREIGN, will derive additional
encouragement to persevere in the course on which
they have entered from the laudable conduct of their
Roman Catholic ancestors. The great master o
human nature, who ever preserved the utmost
vraisemblance in all his works, showed the stern de.
fiance with which even JOHN, at the time an usurper,
resisted the arrogant assumption of the PONTIFF

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