The Sun.
London, England, 1851-12-15 00:00:00

DECEMBER 15) 1851.
nu." nvi
N 0 LONDON,
. 18)480.] MONDAY
c 4p, 11.

BRITANNIA
OM LE ASSURANCE
C PI
NF Y.
1, Princes-street, Bank, London.
Established August 1, 1837.
Empowered by special Act of Parliament, 4th Viet., cap. 9.
inAIRMAN— Colonel ROBERT ALEXANDER, Blackheath Park,
ADVAN
hall Credit Rats of emium.
Persons assured according to these rates are allowed credit
for half the amount of the first seven annual premiums,
paying interest thereon at the rate of five per cent. per annu, with
the option of paying off the arrears of premiums, at any tmime, or
having the amount deducted from the sum assured when the policy
becomes a claim

For Securing Loans and Debts.
A Table adapted especially for the securing of Loans and Debts, by
which the fullest security is obtained on very low, but gradually in-
creasing premiums.
Policies revived, without the exaction of a fine, at any time within
twelve months, if health remain unimpaired.
A Beard of Directors in attendance daily at Two o'clock.
Age of the Asswed in every case admitted in the Policy.
Medical attendants remun 'rated In all cases for their reports.
Extract from the Half Credit Rates of Premium.
Annual Premium required for an Assurance of 1001. for the whole
Term of Life.

Half Premium for Whole Premium after
Age. Seven Years. seven Years.
A s. d. £ 5. d.
30 1 1 9 2 3 6
40 1 9 2 2 18 4
50 2 2 6 4 5 0
60 3 6 8 6 13 4

E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENTS.
INSURANCE against ACCIDENTS of ALL KINDS, whether
from Falls of Houses, Fires, Railway Collisions, Explosions or any
other cause whatever.
ACCIDENTAL DEATH INSURANCE COMPANY,
7, Bank-buildings, Lothbury, London.
Incorporated under 7th and ith Vic., c. 110.
CHAIRMAN—KENYON S. PARKER, Esq., Q.C.
Distinctive Features of the Company.
A fixed payment in case of death from accident or violence.
To Insure 1001. by-Annual•Payment.
Class I. 1 Clagirll. Class 111.
2s. 6d. 51. 1 Is. 6d. to 40s.
Single Payment for Life, Class 1., it. ls.
A fixed payment in case of death from accident or violence, with
a fixed weekly sum in case of non-fatal injury, and an allowance for
medical expenses.
To insure 1001. on death, 1/. per week compensation, and 21. for
medical expenses, by annual payment.
Class I. I Class 11. 1 Class 111.
12s. 1 15s. 1 20s. to 50s.
A fixed sum on death by accident while travelling on a railway, with
compensation in case of non-fatal accident, by annual payment.
To insure £lOOO .• 10s.
500 • • • • , • 7s.
zoo .. 6s.
Prospectuses, with further information, may be had at the offices
of the Company, or from any of the Company's Agents.
WILLIAM YOUNG, Secretary.

H. B. SHERIDAN, Manager.

UNITED KINGDOMMPANY LIFE ASS]
CO.
Established by Act of Parliament in 1834.
8, Waterloo-place,Pall-mall, London ; 97, George-street
12. St. Vincent-place, Glasgow ;4, College-green,
The bonus added to policies from March, 1834,
December. 1847, is as follows :

'RANCE

t, Edinburgh;
Dublin.
to the 31st

December. 1847, is as follows :
Sum
Sum added to' Sum addedto Sum payable
r Time Assured. Policy inlB4l Polieyin 184 at Death.
,ssured.
—__ ------- -- ---- ------
£5OOO 13 years 10 mths £638 6 8 £787 10 0 .£6470 16 8
5 1 .. 210 0 51(2 10 0
1000
000 12 year
years 100 0.. 11 0
157 10 0 1257 10 0
s •• •• 157 10 0 1157 10 0
1000 7 year
1 year •• 22 10 0 1022 10 0
1000 2
years 50 0••0
78 15 0 628 15 0
8001
45 0 0 545 0 0
500 1 4 years 11 5 0 511 5 0
500 , 1 year .. ..
_.. ____ 101 l a ...mann AffPfl

Exsiarm—At the commencement of the year 1841 a pers
fo r on
which
aged
thirty took out a Policy for 1,0001. e, the Annual Payment
is 24/. Is. Bd.; in 1847 he had paid in Premiums 160/.
the profits being 21A per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which
is 221. lOs. per annum for each 1,000/.), he had 1571. lOs. added to the
Policy, almost as much as the Premiums paid.
The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and
only one-half need be paid for the first five years when the In-
surance is for Life.
Every information afforded on application to the Resident Direc-
tor, o. 8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mal London.

-a4l, N LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
I LONDON.
SHARE OF PROFIT INCREASED FFTHROM ONE-HALF TO
FOU ft-FI
Policies effected with this Society after Midsummer, 1850, and re-
maining n force at each Septennial period of division, will PARTI-
CIPAT i
IN FOUR-F IFTIIS of the Net Profits of the Society ac-
cruing after Midsummer, 1850, in proportion to their contributions
to those profits, and according to the conditions contained in the
Society's Prospectus and Act of Parliament.
The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives
are much lower than in many other old-established office s, a
fndnd, Insurers
are fully protected from all risk by an ample guarantee u
dition to the accumulated funds derived from the investments of
Premiums.

CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.
_____--------_

LAW LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
Instituted 1823.
Office, Fleet-street, London.
Parties assuring during the present year will participate In the
Bonus to be declared to 31st December, 18
Four-fifths of the profits aro allotted to the assured. Reversionary
Bonuses, amounting in the whole to 1,929,0851., have been added to
the policies at the past divisions.
The assets of the Society exceed Three-and-half Millions, the
whole invested in Government or Real Securitiescation at the office.
Prospectuses and proposals may be had on appli
WILLIAM SAMUEL DOWNES, Actuary.

Oetober 1, 1851

ANCHO R. ASSURANCE COMPANY,
67, Cheapside, Lndon.
Life Assurances may be effected with this Office at the most mo-
derate premiums, while the bonus additions to policies tend still fur-
ther to lessen the cost of assurance.
Life Annuities are granted by the Company on terms exceedingly
fayourable to the assured.
Prospectuses may be had on application.
T. BELL, Secretary and Actuary.
Chief Agencies—Dude-place, Manchester ; Exchange-building,s,
Hull ; Grey-street, Newcastle-on-Tyne; 5, Grafton-street, Plymouth;
and 6, Hermann-strasse, Hamburgh.

ENGLISH AND CAMBRIAN ASSURANCE
SOCIETY,
CHIEF OFFICE,
g, NEW BRIDGE-STREE H T, Blackfriars, London.
BRANC OFFICES,
London-6, Trinity-street, Borough, and 65, Sun-street, Bishops-
gate-street.

Glasgow— 65, St. Vincent-street.
Dublin —35, Lower Ormond Quay.
Norwich-16, St. Giles'-street.
Bury St. Edmunds-181, Corn Market.
Policies Indisputable. Half Premiums taken.
"Diseased" Military and Naval Lives accepted at equitable rates.
Annuities, Endowments, and Loans on the most advantageous
:ermS•
Claims payable throe months after satisfactory proof of death.
Prodts divided annually after first seven years.
C. W. BEVAN. Manager and Actuary.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION,
A popular Lecture on the Advancement of Agricultural Che-
mistry, daily at Two o'clock, by J.I
Popper, Bof Mroq.—LecMechiture on
Ward's New Sub-marine Lamp.—Prize Model . 's
Farmcry at l'iptreo Hall explained.—A New Lecture on the His-
tory of the Harp, by F. Chatterton, Esq., until the 19th inst. only,
at Eight in the Evenings, with Accompaniment on Erard's Great
Exhibition Harp, and Vocal Illustrations by Miss Blanche Young,
MUsic.—Lecture by Dr. Bachhoffner on the Philosophy of
Scientific Recreation.—Numerous Prize Models, Works of Ari, &c.,
from the Great Exhibition will be explained by Mr. Crispe.—Opti-
cal Effects Divingns Views, Microscope, Chroinatrope, scc.—
Diver and Belle., &e.
Admission, Is.; Schools and Ckiltiren under Ten years of age,
Half-price.
from Eleven to Five, and every Evenixg, except Sa-
Open daily
turday, trona Seven till Half-past Ten.

THE SILENT FRIEND.
ioDiI,TOIFON
DISEASE.
FOIR'OpRRETIEvTEHNIE.
CONTAINING T
LeFICATIONS, GENERATITE INCA-
REMEDdYAnatomicaI Colenient Eirgravings.
IllastraltNedBlbXy OneLAN fiGl:dkr6loEs—
PHYSICAL DISQUA
6 &gee, price 2s. 0:1. by post, from
A. New Edition, enlarged to 19 p
6d. to stamps.
the Establishment, 3s.
PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
n a Medical Work on
/SHE SILENT FRIEN—
sof h.fectio stem, the abuse of
JIL the exhaustion and physical decal of
excessive indulgence, the consequence the sy produced by
lowed by observations on Marriage, aeings. By R. and L.
mercury, with directions for the use of thethe
dpirseqe.cainifiveeatiloontsiown,hfieclh-
prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Foer_
street, London. Sold by Strange, 21,
ee 146 Leadrinhall-street ;
rEttitir and CO., Consulting Surgeons, li?a,teßronronsteerrs-„sotrveei
;t,llOarxinfoardy:
63, and Sanger, 150. Oxford-street Goreell,
W. Edwards, 67, St. Paul's Church-yard ; Butler, .
Barclay, 95, Farringdon-street ; N. Sutton, 10, Bow4
cChlieutirpcshi ar; int ;.
Johlisoz, 68, Cornhill ; and Simpkin, Stationers' Hall-court.
eductive
Faze' Ltreats of the anatomy and physiology
organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Enzravings.
et the re-pr
from excessive in-
Pane 11. treats of the consequences resulting
producing
lulgence, and their lamentable effects en the system,
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
Incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
['LILT 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
tee primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
teeir treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engiav-
legs
?MIT IT. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated.
PART V. 15 devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du-
ties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, reed the
whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
Tax CoRDIAL Batas or SYRIh.CUM is exclusively employed in
treating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c„ 11 s. and 335.
par bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Esseece, an anti-5) ebilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, lbs. and 335. Per
bottle. Ferry's Purifying Specific Pills, ea. 9d-, 4s. 6d., and 11s.
per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhea, gleet, stricture, and
chronic ineemmation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
11. A minute detail of the ewe is required: age, habits, and posi-
tion in society. 51. Pockets, with advice, to be had at the Feta-
bllseenent °ply, by which the feo, 1/., is saved. Messrs. Perry,
Burgeons, arc in attendance, daily, at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-
street, London, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight; on sun-
days from ECM

PUBLICATIONS.

In 3 vols. post Bvo.,
MARY HOW IT T'S NEW WORK,
"JACOB BENDIXEN, THE JEW,"
From the Danish,
IS NOW READY AT ALL THE LIBRARIES.
Colburn and Co., Publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street.
-

ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE.
r.
LIBRARY EDITION, handsomely printed on superfine paper, 14
Vols. deiny octavo, embellished with Portraits, 101. 10s.
I I.
CROWN OC I'AVO EDITION, 20 Vols., with Copious Index, 61.
111.
ATLAS TO iT,ISON'S EUROPE. By A. KEITH JOIINSTO
F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., Author of the " Physical Atlas," the
" National Atlas," &c.
Denny Quarto, to range with the Library Edition,.... £3 3 0
Crown Quarto, to range with the Crown Bvo. Edition 212 6
IV.
EPITOME OF ALISON'S EUROPE. For the Use of Schools and
Young Persons. Third Edition, bound, 7e. 6d.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London Sold by
all Booksellers.

NEW EDUCATIONAL WORKS BY
BY ALEX. KEITII JOHNSTON,
F.8.5.E., F.A.G.S., F.G.S., &c.
On 31st January will be published,

A SCHOOL ATLAS of GENERAL and DESCRIPTIVE GEO-
GRAPHY, founded on the most recent discoveries and rectifica-
tions, specially constructed with a view to the purposes of sound in-
struction, and on a uniform series of scales, by which the relative size
of countries can at once be perceived. By ALEX. KEITH JOHN-
STON, F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S., F.G.S., &c , Geographer in Ordinary to
her Majesty in Scotland, uthor of the ".Physical Atlas," the "Na-
tional Atlas," &c.

A SCHOOL ATLAS of PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, in which the
subject is treated in a more simple and elementary manner than in
the previous works of the Author.
41,,* By means of a new process, these works combine the
accuracy and neatness of the highest style of engraving with
a mechanical application of colours, of which the effect is to secure
a clearness, correctness, and elegance ttnapproached by former
methods, and at prices as moderate as these of any of the ,common
Atlasses now offered for sale. Specimen Sheets may be had on ap-
plication to the publishers, or through any respectable bookseller.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

Just published, handsomely bound in cloth, price 55.,
pHE LILY AND THE BEE.
1-
An APOLOGUE of the CRYSTAL PALACE.
By SAMUEL WARREN, F.R.S.
Lately published by the same Author,
TEN THOUSAND A-YEAR. A New Edition. 3 vols. fcap. Bvo.,
price 18s.
THE DIARY OF A LATE PHYSICIAN. A New Edition.
Complete in two vols., price 12s.
NOW AND THEN. A New Edition, with the Author's last Cor-
rections, and a Preface. In one vol. royal post Bvo , price 10s. 6d.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED.
Just published in Bvo., price 2,5., half-bound,
ITAYDN'S BOOK of DIGNITIES : Contain-
ing Rolls of the Official Personages of the British Empire,
Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, Military, Naval, and Municipal, from
the Earliest Periods to the Present Time, compiled chiefly from
the Records of the Public Offices. Together with the Sovereigns of
Europe, from the Foundation of their respective States the Peerage
of England and of Great Britain, and numerous other Lists.
" It is impossible to speak too highly of this stupendous repository
of historical information." —John Bull.
"We should find it difficult to speak too highly of a vast labour
of this kind, so useful In the benefits it extends to others, so modest
in the praise it challenges for itself."—Examiner.
London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

MR. DIGBY SEYMOUR'S WORK ON WESTERN IRELAND
Just published, thu Third Edition, greatly enlarged, price
Half-a-Crown.
Dedicated, by express permission, to his Excellency the
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
How to EMPLOY CAPITAL in WESTERN
IRELAND : being Answers to a few Practical Questions
upon the Manufacture of Beet Sugar, Flax, and Chicory, in con-
nexion with a Land Investment in the West of Ireland.
$y WILLIAM DIGBY SEYMOUR, Esq.,
of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law.
London: John Hearne, 81, Strand; James Ridgway, 169, Picca-
dilly ; and Effingham Wilson, 11, Royal Exchange. Dublin : Hodges
and Smith, Grafton-street.

THE (LATE) GREAT EXHIBITION.
Notwithstanding the intimation given to the foreign
exhibitors that all the goods were to be removed by
the 13th instant (Saturday), there is still a large
quantity within the building, chiefly belonging to
France and some of the German States. The diffi-
culties of our French friends have been materially
increased by the events of the last ten or twelve
days ; and, either from miscalculating the quantity of
goods to be re-conveyed to France, or from the want
of previous arrangement, there are no means of ship-
ping them off, and the Custom-house authorities have
been induced to relax somewhat of their strict rules,
and allow the goods to be deposited for the present
on the Ordnance Wharf, as if in bond. Although the
building has been handed over to the contractors,
Messrs. Fox and Henderson, a small executive staff,
under the command of Lieutenant Tyler, still remains.
They have the charge of the embryo national mu-
seum, and are the recipients of the samples and
specimens contributed by the various exhibitors.
It is still hoped that the building will be
so completely cleared of the goods that it may be
thrown open to the public on the let of January, as
already arranged. All the entrances have now been
shut up, except the public entrance on the south side,
and the east end, through which the foreign packages
are conveyed away. Here a great deal of bustle is
still observable—long ranges of carts and waggons,
some loaded and moving off, others drawing up to the
entrance to be filled, are to be seen. The interior of
the building is lighted with gas, and the workmen are
kept busily employed to the latest moment. The
bell rings at present at a quarter past four o'clock, and
all the packages not then removed are brought back
into the interior, and the building cleared out. The
number of policemen on duty has now been reduced
to a mere handful, and the vast pile is rapidly assum-
ing a look of desolation and gloom as seen in the haze
and twilight of a winter's evening.

THE LITTLE BOROUGHS, AND

WHO SIT FOR THEM.
(From the Weekly Dispatch.)
Mr. Editor,—ln a very convenient return, obtained
by Sir B. Hall, to which I have before had occasion
to refer, the cities and boroughs of England and
Wales are classed according to the size of their con-
stitnencies. The number of electors is taken from the
registration of the year (1847), of the last general
election. Availing ourselves of this help, I invite
your readers to inquire who they are that sit fur that
minutest class of boroughs. The pretext is not yet
quite worn out of regarding these places as affording
opportunity for men of great ability and small means
to get into Parliament. The sophism is not yet quite
exploded of representing these boroughs as strengthen-
ing the industrial and commercial interests of the
country in their conflict with the landed proprietors
and their pseudo-feudalism. Nor is the public mind
sufficiently impressed with, though increasingly alive
to, the fact that all Reform is a sham, even though
it should give Universal Suffrage and the
which does not include a thorough revision and re-
distribution of the Representation, which, to be per-
manent, must include some self-adjusting principle,
so that the transfer of the people and their property
from one locality to another will, of itself transfer
also the representation, and make the ratio of num-
bers, or of numbers and wealth conjointly, the index
to the number of representatives. On all these points
the return I have named, conjoined with other infor-
mation, affords useful guidance. We will now take a
glance at two or three of the smallest classes.
The first consists of boroughs with the ridiculous
minimum of less than 240 electors. The places in
this predicament are Colne and Reigate; one under
the influence of the Marquis of Lansdowne, and the
other of Lord Somers. The sitting Members are
Lord Shelburne and a Mr. Cocks. The first is the
son of his father. That is all the world knows of
him. I suppose the same may be said of ;the other.
The Lord is a Lord of the Treasury. Perhaps the
other may be also, when his party comes into power.
Where is the evidence of legislative or any other talent
in either ? We may tell the old story, and say,
" Echo answers, where ?" It is the only thing that
echo, or any hone else, can have to say upon the
subject.
In the next class of constituencies, not exceeding
200 electors, there are five boroughs. The Members
they return are the following :—F. Baring, Coles,
Collins, Cubitt, Earl of Euston, Viscount Somerton,
Strutt, Westhead. Out of these eight Legislators
we have two Lords, and the son and brother of a
Lord. Thus far, then, the microscopic boroughs give
us three lordlings out of ten Members. There would
have been four but for Lord Arundel's honesty and
zeal having displeased his recusant father, and turned
himself out of Arundel, thus making room for the one
of the two only decently clever men of the lot, Mr.
Strutt, and he is put in by the converted Duke to
please the Whigs. Mr. Cubitt, the other clever man
to whom I alluded is a good builder of houses. It is
a catch, in our present search, to find a man that can
do any thing. As to making laws, we have not come
to a single accredited workman in that department.
Not a symptom occurs of the value of little constitu-
encies for choosing great statesmen. Not a glimpse
yet of a debater. We are amongst the mutes. Read
the records of the session, and you find nobody in the
list whose existence is there apparent, except in the
division lists.

Under 300 electors is the qualification of a borough
for a place in the third class. The representatives of
this group are Lord Ernest Bruce, Mr. Bagshavr,
Major B. Baring, Colonel Matheson, Mr. Rich, and
Messrs. Walpole, Wrightson, and Wyvill, jun.
Again, a lord, and the son and grandson of a lord.
The army, tou, opens upon us with a colonel and a
major. We have also one present and one ex-lord of
the Treasury. One man of some mark presents
himself : Mr. Walpole is an able lawyer and a fluent
speaker ; he botched the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill,
which was quite enough of a botch before. Yet even
this man does not owe his position to his ability.
The House of Commons is a regular speculation for
lawyers. A seat is a ticket, which may draw the
woolsack for a prise. The purchase-money is well
laid out, as is shown by numerous instances in the
legal profession. Moreover, Mr. Walpole's talent is a
lucky accident. He might have sat for Midhurst
had he been the greatest fool in Sussex, or else-
where. His father-in-law, the Earl of Egmont, is the
patron of the borough. For the rest of the batch, with
the exception of Bingham Baring, when the suppres-
sion of Sunday trading is in question, we are still
amongst the dumbies. We have only a set of lay
figures—puppets that do not even squeak. One law-
yer is the sum:and substance of our catch. Thirteen
boroughs with 19 Members, all " small by degrees,
and beautifully less," to the very verge of actual nihi-
lity, and one lawyer the sole product. Let this be
remembered when little boroughs are again hepraised.
Were the boroughs themselves annihilated, they would
not be missed in the country; and the same may be
said of their Members in the representation.
. Proceed we to the next. Class 4, constituencies
not exceeding 350 electors. Of these there are 15,
returning 20 Members. These are Sir F. Thesiger,
Sir J. S. Trelawny,
Sir W. P. Gallwey, Sir G.
Dashwood, Hon. J. Howard, Hon. E. S. Russell,
Captain Boldero, Captain Harris, Colonel Watkin,
General Kerrison, and Messrs. Neild, Aglionby,
Horsman, G. Moffatt, Crowder, Abdy, Mackinnon,
Hutchins, T. Smith,
J. Wilson. The aristocracy,
the law, the army and navy, are again conspicuous.
These are, in fact, only the different branches of a
great trading company that farms the representation.
Cockermouth is probably an honest little place. There
are said to be a good many Chartists in it. Aglionby
and Horsman sit for it, the latter greatly to the grief
andire of the Bishops who would, most likely, be
very ready to vote him
a warmer seat elsewhere.
With the exception of Mr. Mackinnon for his smoke,
Mr. Wilson for his everlasting figures, Captain
Boldero for his stupidity, and Captain Harris for his
ill temper, there is nothing remarkable about any of
the rest, when we have named the political economy
of Trelawny, and the special pleading and brazen
tones and face of Sir F. Thesiger. One barren waste
succeeds to another. How these nonentities got into
the House, I do not now inquire. I ask not whether
the constituencies are corrupted or commanded. The
single question mooted on the present occasion is the
amount of the legislative ability put into action by
the small borough. Is it such as to warrant the con-
tinuance of these eyesores ? Do they add to the
House anything which it could not very well do
without ? From the 39 lawgivers thus created, we
may pick out two or three, and no more, who con-
tribute something to the deliberation and decision of
the Legisture, and that something not of first-rate
importance.
Let us try once more, and look at class 5, boroughs
with constituencies of not exceeding 400 electors.
There are 20 of them, and they return 31 Members,
viz., Viscount Mandeville, Marquis Chandos, Lord
M. Hill, Lord E. Howard, Hon. E. Lascelles, Lord
Seymour, Marquis Blandford, Lord G. Paget; Sir J.
Pakington, Sir H. Willoughby, Sir R. Vyvyan, Sir
J. Hogg, Sir W. Jolliffe, Sir James Graham; Colonel
Hall, Colonel Eatcourt, Colonel Peel, Admiral Bowles,
Colonel Knox; and Messrs. Heneage, Locke, T.
Baring, T. P. Williams, Blewitt, C. Martin, Plowden,
Baldwin, Blackstone, Hayter, and Blakemore. Here
is a manifest improvement. But we must not make
too much of it, nor be in too great a burry. A states-
man appears at last. one stateman out of 70 Mem-
bers. One statesmanin nearly a fourth of the entire
city and borough representation of England and
Wales. And that one statesman sure to be unseated
at the next election. The borough of Ripon means
Earl de Grey. And Earl de Grey will not, it is
understood, again return Sir James Graham, and the
Free Trade Baronet " knows the reason why." It is
not to his constituents that Sir James Graham is re-
sponsible. Of them he is perfectly independent. He
may defy their opinions. He may betray their inte-
rests. But he may not offend Earl de Grey—neither he
sntoarteamnyanother Mweme bhearvfeorcaßiugphot him,is in a positionn. So, then, our one
in which no Member of the House of Commons ought
to be placed. It is degrading to the public, and in-
sulting to himself. Small thanks to the class of
boroughs which only presents an able man to dis-
honour his ability and his honesty by so base a tenure
as that attached to the representation of Ripon.
For the rest,lwho and what are they ? The Whigs
make much of LordiSeyrnour, and his mediocre talent
is conspicuous amid the Lords and Colonels who sur-
round him. Mediocrity s not to be despised in such
a search as this. But how much has it offered to our
view of the real working ability, or even of the talking
ability of the HOuse ? How many names have we
found of those who bear the brunt of discussions,
night after night P How '.many of those who labori-
ously do the business of the House, while the majority
are lounging in the smoking-room, or over their wine,
. or are far away (but just within reach of the whip-
pers-in for a division) at balls, or the Clubs? How
many of those by whom measures are prepared, and
conducted through the House ? How many leaders of
parties, or how many effective partizans even? Not:all
the fingers of a single band are required for the
counting. Small as, compared with the whole mob
of Members, is the number of efficient ones, it is not
in the little borough returns that we must look for
them. We find instead a whole brood of lordlings,
batches of baronets, scores of colonels, and lots of law-

yens. Of the infamous arts and infamous corruptions
practised in these boroughs, I say nothing. Let them
be as independent as they are known to be en-
slaved, and as pure as they are known to be corrupt,
it signifies not to my present argument. That is quite
a separate branch of the great Reform question. I
throw all such considerations overboard. The bo-
roughs have been tried by their fruits. They are
bitter and rotten. No justification or palliation
is presented of the /gross anomaly of their limit( d
numbers, their lack of wealth and importance,
their servility or their purchaseability. There is
nothing redeeming in the result. Of two or three
names, brightening in the darkness of the catalogue,
we may safely say that they would be welcome to
many a large constituency, and would be more in-
fluential in the House for the exchange. For the
rest, they only serve to make glaring the fact that the
House is not a representation, but a misrepresenta-
tion. They shew how Lords and Colonels and place-
men, and legal adventurers, find their way there.
Whatever adorns the House, or promotes its utility,
or sustains for it anything like character in the coun-
try, must be sought for in the returns of the larger
constituencies. There are the men of business, there
the men of popular power or public confidence, there
the orators, the tacticians, and the statesmen. No
rag of an argument remains for these infiaitesimals.
By all theories of representation they are inevitably
condemned. Utility is their plea, or they have no de-
fence. "They work well, they send able men ;" that is
what the apologists-must say, or they have nothing to
say. How far there is any truth in such an allegation
the reader is now enabled to judge for himself. Take out
Sir James Graham, and a very few others, and the
70 are not worth a basket of rotten figs. They have
noses, that is the great merit of most of then, so long
as those noses can be counted. Hobnails would serve
as well. This nuisance must be cleared away utterly.
Anything short of that will deserve to be treated as a
mock Reform. Not one of the constituencies which
have been enumerated must be left, except as part and
parcel, a small fraction, of a larger constituency. A
very different class of representatives will then make
their appearance. The large constituencies are
sometimes jeered at for the Members they return.
Some of them, doubtless, have blundered occasionally.
But, after all, such constituencies bestow on the
House its dignity and utility. They furnish its best
means for wholesome legislation. They provide its
working men; and, unhappily, till a reform be
effected, provide them only to be swamped with the
gay but workless classes whom the select few send to
outnumber them, and to bath all their efforts. There
is not a man in the House who ought to be there, but
will be thankful from his heart for deliverance from
this nuisance. PUBLICOLA.

Norman architecture in the metropolis, and which it
is to be regretted will be partially, if not wholly
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destroyed, to make way for the contemplated improve-
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