The Sun.
London, England, 1851-09-22 00:00:00

N°.18,408.] LONDON, MONDAY E E
,
„4.„. N G
s , N SEPTEMBER 22i. 1851.
7

This day is published,
THE LILY AND THE BEE.
An AI'OLOGUE of the CRYSTAL PALACE.
By SAMUEL WARREN, F.R.S.,
Author of " Ten Thousand a Year," &c.
In small Bvo., price ss.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

PROSTITUTION in ANCIENT TIMES.
See No. 41 of LONDON LABOUR and the LONDON POOR.
Illustration—A Roman Brothel.
Office, 16, Upper Wellington-street, Strand.

THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENTS
INSURANCE against ACCIDENTS of ALL KINDS, whether
from Falls of Houses, Fires, Railway Collisions, Explosions or any
other cause whatever.
ACCIDENTAL DEATH INSURANCE COMPANY,
7, Bank-buildings, Lothbury, London.
Incorporated under 7th and Bth Vic., c. 110.
CUAIRMAN—KENYON S. PARKER, Esq., Q.C.
Distinctive Features of the Company.
A fixed payment in case of death from accident or violenCO.
To Insure 1001. by Annual Payment.
Class I. I Class 11. I Class 111.
2s. Gd. ss. 7s. Gd. to 40s.
Single Payment for Life, Class 1., 11. is.
A fixed payment in case of death from accident or violence, with
a fixed weekly sum in case of non-fatal injury, and an allowance for
medical expenses.
To insure 1001. on death, U. per week compensation, and 21. for
medical expenses, by annual payment.
Class I. 1 Class IL I Class 111.
12s. 15s. 20s. to 505.
A fixed sum on death by accident while travelling on a railway, with
compensation in case of non-fatal accident, by annual payment.
To insure £lOOO . • .. • • 10s.
IP 500 .• • . 7s.
800 • • • • • • 6s.
Prospectuses, with further information, may be had at the offices
the Company, or from any of theW Company's Agents.
ILLIAM YOUNG, Secretary.

QU N LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY
LONDON.
SHARE OF PROFIT INCREASED FROM ONE-HALF TO
FOUR-FIFTHS.
Policies effected with this Society after Midsummer, 1850, and re-
maining in force at each Septennial period of division, will PARTI-
CIPATE IN FOUR-FIFTHS of the Net Profits of the Society ac-
cruing after Midsummer, 1850, in proportion to their contributions
to those profits, and according to the conditions contained in the
Society's Prospectus and Act of Parliament.
The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives
are much lower than in many other old-established offices, and Insurers
are fully protected from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in ad-
dition to the accumulated funds derived from the investments of
Premiums.

CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.

THE GREATEST WONDER IN LONDON IS
BATT Y' S GRAND NATIONAL
HIPPODROME, Kensington.
OPEN DAILY.
LAST WEEK BUT TWO.
In consequence of the Evenings drawing in, the Doors will be
opened at Half.past Four, and the performance commence at Five
o'clock.
Immense success of Francon! and his celebrated trained horses.
An entire Change of Performance.
M. Franconi's Wonc'er of the World—the Jumping Steed.
The proprietor, determined to keep pace with its rival, the Great
Exhibition, has decided upon continuing the Hippodrome open until
the close of the Crystal Palace, and begs to intimate to his patrons
and the public that as he opened on the same day as the Palace of
Industry, and as his career of success is without parallel, that he
would impress upon the minds of his friends the necessity of an early
visit, as it will positively close on the 11th of October. This Evening
and during the week, the performances will assume the most novel
and unique caste.
Doors open at Half-past Four, commence precisely at Five.
Mr. Batty has much pleasure in announcing to his Patrons that
on TRURSDAY. September 25, there will be a Grand DAY PER-
FORMANCE. Doors open at One, to commence precisely at Two.
The entertainments in the Evening as usual.
Private Boxes - - -
Admission to the Reserved Seats
First-class do.
Second do. -
Third do.

- £1 Is. Od.
- - 3s. Od.
. - 2s. Od.
- - Is. Od.
- - Os. 6d.

RE MORN E.—Admission, One Shilling
Children, Half-price.
A new Italian Ballet Pantomime, entitled Harlequin and the Four
Elements ; or, Earth, Air, Fire, and Water, with entire new scenery,
appointments, Sze., of the most magnificent description, arranged by'
the Deulin Family.
Engagement of the celebrated Italian Rope Dancer and Ascention-
ist, Signora Pauline Vlolante ; also Herr Henric, the celebrated Pos-
ture Master and Equilibrist, assisted by the renowned German Buffo
Herr Jung, will appear every evening.
Each Night, at Ten o'clock (except Thursday), a Grand Balloon
Ascent with brilliant revolving feux d'artifice, by Mortram.
THIS DAY, TO-MORROW, FRIDAY, and SATURDAY—Grand
Exhibition Galas, brilliant Illuminations, with unsurpassed Fire-
works.
WEDNESDAY—Great Terpsichorean Fete, for the Benefit of Mr.
J. Bland, Director of the Dancing.
THURSDAY—For the Last Time, a repetition of the Grand
Naval Fete at lialf-past Ten o'clock, of the Taking of Gibraltar, and
Storming of the Town and Fortress, by a numerous fleet of steam-
vessels manned by experienced crows, with the sanction of the di-
rectors of the Citizen and Iron Boat Companies. T. B. Simpson has
tlie honour to inform his friends and the public that nothing has been
neglected to render this representation truly magnificent, new and
extensive scenery and costumes having been made for this occasion.
The River Esplanade is the only place in London where a spectacle
of this magnitude can take place. The Pyrotechnic department un-
der Chevalier Bertram.
M. Bosisio, the celebrated composer of dancing music, con-
ducts the great Cremorne Band, and will execute all the
music which he composed and conducted at her Majesty's
Ball at Buckingham Palace. Exhaustless entertainments daily, in-
cluding the 13osjesmans or Bash People, Deulin's Ballet the Star of
Beauty, the Ethiopian Serenaders, the double-sighted Youth,
Cantello's Egg-hatching, the Bowling Saloon, &c. Doors open -at
half-past Two, admission Is., Children half-price. The Hotel affords
every accommodation for private and public dinner and supper par-
ties. Steam-boats and omnibuses nightly after the entertainments,
the transit being superintended by Directors. Fare, 4d. by Boat,
and 6d. by Omnibus.
On Sunday the Gardens are open in the afternoon for refreshment,
admission by refreshment card 6d. Table d'llvte at Four and Six
o'clock, 2s. 6d.

•
DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WOBAS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho;
U 7, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill; or direct from the author,,
price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
" Ilealth, Recreation, and rational Use of Time."
COWTENTO:—EarIy Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ea.
cirsions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills,
Forests, Fields, nigh-roads, and other pleasant places—Country
Drips and Raml4les—The Sea—London at Night—Evening- at Llome
—Music—The Dram.a—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
Ia lA, Ease, Occupation, &c., &o.
11.
FRAGMENTS FROM THE l MOUNTAINS. Two Vol
L
A JISIT TO THE LAKES; ETCH OF EDINBURGH; Le.
THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY Y; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, Bco.
WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID.
" That three score years and ten our course may rnn."
A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of nor-
vonsly-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses
t is yonng, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em-
bitters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physicsl rep-
t Is-ion of every-day life.

TIM PASSIONS.
`. What passions hurt the body—what ImproVS,
•
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."
Smlrscr : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent
of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of
licantlousneas and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative,
aid reniedlative. Advocacy of early marriages.

THE MARRIAGE STATE.
" To be or not to be, that is the question."
Ps xaskincE :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re-
li‘lon regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
c ioice on both sides, aS to age, temperament, complexion, and
figure,, to secure healthy offspring, with tho art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
0480 S. &O.
By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1817), L.S.A.
Twentr-five years Medical and "Forensic Referee in theca
matters. Reception hours daily till Five. Evenings, Seven till
Nine 10, Argyll-place, Regent-street.

IN SIX LANGUAGES-FORTIETII EDITION.
CONTAINING THE REMEDY FOE THE PREVENTION OF
DISEASE. _ _ .

tinstrated by One hundred mical Coloured Engravings on
Steel.
ON PHYSICAL DISQI7ALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA-
PACITY, AND IMVEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
A *few and Improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, price 2s. 6d.
by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps,
AU Communications being strictly confidential, the Authors have
discontinued the publishing of Cases.
PHI; SILENT FRIEND,
of a
the Medic
teal,
produ Worced bk on
the exhaustion and physical decay sysmy
excessive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of
mercury, with explicit directions for the use of the preventive lotion,
followed by observations en the Married State, ana the disqualifica-
tions which prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By
R. and L. PERRY and CO., 19, Eerners-street, Oxford-street, Lon-
don. Published by the Authors ; and sold by Strange, 11, Pater-
noster-row; Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street; and Gor-
don, 146, Leadsnhail-street, London.
PAST I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive
organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings.
PAST 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in-
dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing
mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative
incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings.
PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in
the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for
their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Englav-

Es.
Parr IV. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a
simple application, by which tho danger of infection is obviated.
This important part of the Work should not escape the reader's
PAaT V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du-
ties. The causes of unproductive union aro also considered, and the
whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into.
Tux Coarnia, BALM OF Sraiacust is exclusively employed in
trbating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., lls. and 833.
par bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic
remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary
Specific Pills, 28. 9d-, 4s. 6d., and I is.
symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 1I s. and 335. per
rgtai Purifyingmedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and
b°ePhertrtinibe.7rearrYe; inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter,
11. A minute detail of the case is required: age, habits, and posi-
tion in society. 51. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Esta-
blishment only, by which the fee, li.. is saved. Messrs. Perry,
are In atterdanee daily at 19, Berners-street. Oxford-street, Lon-
don, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight; on Sunday, from
Eleven to Ono

[ADVERTISEMENT ]._THE HE GREAT EXHIBITION.—
A valuable newly invented very small powerful waistcoat-
pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be
seen and known 1I mile distant, they answer every pur-
pose on the race-course, at the opera-houses, country scenery,
and ships, are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles, they are in-
valuable for Hunting, Shooting, Deer Stalking, Yachting, to
Sportsmen, Gentlemen, Game Keepers, and Tourists—To be
had at Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, Opticians, 39, Albermarle-
street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel. Telescopes A
new and most important invention in telescopes possessing
such extraordinary powers, that some, ai inches, with an
extra eye piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's
Ring. and the double stars, with the same Telescepe, weighing
only three ounces, can be seen a person's countenance, 3 miles
distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles, they supersede
every other kind for the Waistcoat pocket, and are of larger,
and all sizes with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and
Race-course glasses, with wonderful powers ;an object can be
clearly seen from 14 to 16 miles distant. Invaluable preserv-
ing Spectacle Lenses. The Invisible Organic Vibrator, and
all kinds of Acoustic instruments for relief of extreme deafness.
--39, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel.
ARTIFICIAL LEATIIER.—A steam-engine of six or
eight-horse power is erected at Abington, Massachusetts, for
grinding up the chips and shavings of leather which are cut
off by the shoe and boot makers, and which have heretofore
been burnt or thrown away. These are ground to a powder'
resembling coarse snuff,
and this powder then mixed with
certain gums and other substances, so thoroughly that the
whole mass becomes a kind of melted lest her. In a short
time this dries a little, and is rolled out to t he desired thick-
ness, perhaps 1-24th. of an inch. It i 3 w quite solid, and
19 said to be entirely waterproof.

SIR J. GRAHAM ON PROTECTION.

EAST CUMBERLAND AGRICULTURAL SHOW.
The annual exhibition of stock and agricultural
implements in connexion with this society was held
on Thursday afternoon on the Castle-green, Car-
lisle. In point of numbers the exhibition, as com-
pared with previous shows, was certainly deficient,
but what was wanting in quantity wes more than
counterbalanced by the superior quality of the stock
displayed. The implements comprised some very
interesting and even novel specimens of ingenuity, the
invention and workmanship of persons residing in
the neighbourhood of Carlisle. There were other ar-
ticles from a distance which claimed more or less at-
tention according to their respective merits, among
which was the wonderful, but every one says simple
and effective, American reaping machine.
In the afternoon 160 persons sat down to dinner
at the Bush Hotel. Sir J. Graham, Bart., M.P.,
presided, and the vice-chair was occupied by Mr.
W. N. Hodgson, M.P. The president was sup-
ported right and left by the Hon. Charles Howard,
'M.P., Mr. P. IL Howard, M.P., Sir R. Throck-
morton, Bart., Mr. R. Throckmorton, &c.
The " health of the Queen" having been received
with the customary honours,
The CHAIRMAN, in prosing " the health of Prince
Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the rest of the Royal
family," said—lt is impossible to propose the health
of Prince Albert in the present year without referring
Ito that which has been the source of enjoyment, 1
have no doubt, to a great number of the gentlemen
present—l allude, of course, to the great triumph of
-the age—the Exhibition for the Industry of All Na-
tions in London.—(Loud cheers.) I must admit to
you that I was one of those who at first was not over-
sanguine with respect to the success of this great un-
dertaking, but the illustrious Prince whose health
now stands foremost on the list never despaired of its
successful accomplishment (though not a native of
Britain himself) when he placed reliance upon the
industry, the energy, and spirit of my fellow-country-
.men.—(Loud cheers.) He felt confident that, stand-
ing in the foremost rank, he had only to appeal to
the people of this country to make a grand display of
their native industry and art, and rival all the nations
of the world in merit and magnificence. Signal
success has marked the confidence of this Prince. It
was an undertaking that could not succeed by any
effort of the Government—it has succeeded entirely
by the support and contributions of the people of this
country—no forced effort, but a voluntary effort.-
-(Loud cheers.) With the Prince at the head of
the undertaking, be it observed that a person in a com-
paratively humble sphere was the great inventor of
this beautiful edifice; and without the talent and
wonderful ingenuity which he brought to bear upon
the subject the undertaking itself would have been a
failure.—(Hear.) Of course I allude to Mr. Paxton
—and of all the wonders of this wonderful exhibition
none can be regarded with so much astonishment as
the erection of the edifice in six short winter months
by one manufacturing company in the town of Bir-
mingham.—(Loud cheers.) It has been a noble
triumph to the Prince, a great example to his son ;
and that Prince is training the future Sovereign of
the people in the way he should go, in teaching him
to place reliance on British energy and British spirit.
After several other toasts had been drunk,
The CHAIRMAN gave " Success to the East Cum-
berland Agricultural Society," and in doing so said—
I have heard with some regret that it was fancied in
some quarters that all the good societies of this nature
could achieve had already been accomplished in Cum-
berland.—(Laughter and cheers.) I dissent from
that idea altogether.—(Hear, hear.) lam decidedly
of opinion that meetings of this kind, proceeding in a
generous spirit of competition and friendly emulation,
contribute to the progress of agriculture in an eminent
degree.—(Hear.) I should have said so, even if I
had not attended or presided over such meetings,
from my general observation of the operation of in-
stitutions of this kind; but it was only necessary
to attend to what we saw yesterday, so nearly con-
nected with the subject of the present meeting—more
especially was it only necessary to be in the Castle-
yard this morning, to force one at once to the conclu-
sion that these societies have a most salutary effect.—
(Cheers.) Mr. Howard has alluded to the reaping
machine, which I dare say most of you saw in opera-
tion on Wednesday. Among the many advantages to
be derived from the Great Exhibition, I know none
that will contribute more to general improvement in
every branch of agriculture than the display of these
new and improved implements.—(Hear, hear.) From
what I saw yesterday I should say that the reaping
machine is susceptible of improvement, and yet is un-
doubtedly an instrument of great promise.—(Cheers.)
I. doubt not that the present thrashing machine was
subject to as much adverse comment when first intro-
duced, and yet see how universally it is now applied. It
is true it was made on the other side of the Atlantic,
and for that very reason I think it is entitled to espe-
cial attention in England. It is the work of those
whom I regard as distant brothers employed in the
same occupation, and contending who shall bear off
the palm of success. This is the rivalry which I
should wish to see between the two nations.—(Hear,
hear.) We are brethren by nature and brethren in
our love of independence and free institutions. Their
institutions stand upon the same bases as our own,
and any suggestions coming from that quarter are
entitled to our respect and consideration.—(Hear,
hear.) I think that the experiment of yester-
day was a very severe trial to the machine. In the
first place, the crop upon which the cutter was em-
ployed was not such a crop as would lead me to sup-
pose that the Agricultural Society of East Cumber-
land had done all for the benefit of the agriculture of
the neighbourhood.—(" Hear, hear," and laughter.)
In the next place, it was not one f the cleanest of
crops ; it was certainly not one of the richest of crops,
and, judging from the appearance of the soil, it struck
me that it was very much exhausted.—(Hear.) If
we look at it as exhibited in the second field, we find
it operating upon ground in still worse condition
than the other from recent alterations. It was full
of stones and old hedges whose roots had not been
eradicated. This was the land set aside upon which
to test the power of the machine, but after all its
working was not unsatisfactory.—(Hear.) I think
there are imperfections in that machine, and no doubt
the skill of the English, their knowledge of mecha-
nical science, and never-failing industry in improv-
ing every invention, whether native or foreign, will
overcome these difficulties.—(Cheers.) I think,
upon the whole, the cutting of the machine was
clean and excellent.—(Hear, hear.) I do not think
the mode of delivering the sheaf satisfactory ; and I
should be glad to see some device for superseding the
raker, the second man, and I do not despair.—(Hear.)
Notwithstanding these what I call imperfections, I
think, upon the whole, it is a very useful implement
—I think it is a very promising implement, and I am
glad I had an opportunity of attending and seeing it at
work.—(Hear.) After expressing his opinion that
there was a tendency in the county of Cumberland
to plough too much and to graze too little, and that
the rearing of sheep was the keystone to further im-
provement in the district, the climate of which was
much more favourable to the growth of green crops
and gross than of grain, the Right Hon. Baronet
proceeded :—" Let me remind you that in Great
Britain we are in a very artificial state. These little
islands are densely inhabited, and no less than
100,000,0001. is embarked in the four textile fabrics,
cotton, silk, wool, and flax. Two of these raw ma-
terials are beyond our reach. Cotton and silk we
cannot produce ; but we can produce wool, and we
can produce flax, and I say it is worthy the consider-
ation of the agriculturists of this country to adapt
their land to the growing wants of the community in
which we live, and to place our country, as far as in
us lies, in the situation of not being exclusively de-
ap
ne nd d
flaxe n t for
notthe
exclusively,supply of such raw
say.--(Hear,
materials Hear,
hear.) as woolob-
svearvoeinwgeliln, no article
ohoals; gonnoe
aorntiolasoahssataewapdoaoililyd
aanda-
n the
farmer so well in the shape of produce
the
dersheep
roper
whichper
ma pn raogde unle:i&h e
the wool
keystoneare,
oibns
emrovfye
tofhpuoirnt
inoenr.:
proved cultivation of the soil. But,
ti v yatoiuo nh, a vper
otdbuecsimugallwerithquatnhtait o
that smaller
f land u
ndr
quantitycul-
tivation, c a
larger amount -of produce, the saving is immense
and
in the wages of labour and the cost of production,
in everything which bears on the profits on the out-
lay of capital in cultivation. 1 say, therefore, farm
highly the small quantity of land you have under the
plough—encourage the growth of grass laid down on
the best order of land well cleaned—add to the num-
ber of your sheep, and increase the quantity of your
wool.—(Hear, hear.) It is premature to speak on
the subject of the other raw material—namely flax,
but I have a strong opinion, considering the great in-
creme in the demand for British linen and British
linen-thread, that you may increase the cultivation of
flax in this country on second-rate soils with the ut-
most advantage to the grower and to the country it-
self. This matter is in its infancy, and it is the duty
of landlords rather than tenants to lead the way in the
experiments to be made.—(Cheers.) I know, for a
certainty, that flax of the finest quality may be grown
in this county, even on inferior land. When a very
young man, I remember almost on every farm a small
quantity of flax was raised for domestic use. It was
a growth quite familiar to the farmers in this county
and to that limitod extent was successful. Cir-

cumstances are now altered. It was not then pro•
fitable on a large scale, but now the demand for flax
for manufacturing linen alone is almost boundless.
Its exportation is immense, and a great question is
pending, but it is unsettled, whether flax many not be
favourably mixed with wool and cotton in textile
fabrics. If that should turn out successful, then the
growth of fi ix will be prudent on the part of agri-
culturists. The difficulty is this :—you are aware
that the seed of the flax, for the purpose of nourish-
ing the soil, is infinitely preferable to oilcske or any
other of the refuse portion of the flax-seed ; but if
you use the flax seed itself, mixed with other articles
of food, such as chopped hay er warmed food of any
kind, the linseed itself is the most productive, the
most fattening, and the most remunerative in its re-
turn to the soil. The seed of the flax, therefore, for
the improvement of the soil is the best growth that
the farmer can encourage. Then comes the question
of straw. The straw is bulky, and requires difficult
manipulation and handling; and I do not consider the
conversion of the flax into straw is the proper busi-
ness of the farmer—it is the duty and business of the
manufacturer.—(Hear, hear.) The process is two-
fold; first, that which takes from the straw the sub-
stance which adds to its outward bulk; that may be
done by a machine which is not very costly; then
comes the more difficult process, the separation of
the fibre, which is bound together by a glutinous sub-
stance, which must be dissolved before the flax itself,
in its textile shape can be obtained. As yet this sepa-
ration has been achieved only by a very difficult and
tedious, as well as a very expensive process—by wet-
ting in pools of stangnant cold water. Lately, in
Ireland, important improvements have been intro-
duced, and the separation is effected by the use of
boiling water, and by a certain chemical process. A
still more recent discovery has been made, about
which I will not speak as yet with perfect confidence,
but of which I can venture to speak with hope. It
is the invention, of M.. Claussen, a Frenchman, and, if
it succeed, it will render the operation of dissolving
the gluten from the fibre of the flax a work of only
two or three hours. It is a chymical process, which
M. Claussen has patented, and there is a very san-
guine hope that it will be so successful as to enable
flax to be prepared for the manufacturer .at a small
cost and very readily. If I have made myself intel-
ligible, it is plain that the straw cannot be conveyed
to a great distance to undergo this process, and that
the manufacturer-must be brought to the door of the
farmer.—(Hear, hear.) Such is the enterprise, the
skill, and I would almost say the patriotism of the
manufacturing interest of this country—not with-
out reference to gain, but combined with gain,
which is the real incentive of all improvement—that
if you can show that any such process will pay
the manufacturer, that manufacturer of the raw
material will establish a mill in the neighbour-
hood ; and I hold it to be one of the duties of land-
lords to ascertain whether this mode of dealing with
flax be not feasible, and if it be feasible, to make an
effort to introduce in their neighbourhood the ma-
chinery and the manufacture requisite for the ex-
tended growth of so important and useful a crop as
flax.—(Cheers.) This is tedious, but still these are
matters of great importance—matters bound up with
our present welfare and with the future prosperity
and happiness of the great community of which we
form a part.—(Hear, hear.) lam among the first to
admit that the basis of our national prosperity is the
produce of the soil.—(Loud cheers.) If it were not
so I should be poor indeed, for all I possess is in land,
and in land of this county ; you, therefore, have the
utmost pledge of my sincerity, and my wish to pro-
mote the welfare of the agriculture of this county—
(Hear, hear)—but you must have it in a manner co-
incident with the welfare of the community; and
these are the objects and these the modes in which
to attain that end. Societies of this kind appear to
me to have that tendency, and I was delighted to
hear a sentiment which fell from you, Mr. Vice-
Chairman.—(Cheers.) You said you did not despair
of the prosperity of the agricultural interest.—
(Cheers.) You said that agriculturists must meet
increased difficulties with increased exertions.—
(Cheers.) You added that Heaven always favours
those who help themselves, and that the agricultural
interest would not be the last interest to make the
requisite exertion.—(Cheers.) It is only necessary
that the exertion should be well directed. It is the
duty of landlords to lead the way in respect to all
these improvements and experiments ; the landlords
of England must not be left behind in the race of
exertion, and, if we be a united body, then I say,
" Nought shall make us rue,
If England to itself do rest but true."
—Loud cheers.)
Several other toasts were subsequently proposed,
and the most perfect cordiality and good humour
marked the proceedings, the speeches, as Sir J. Gra-
ham observed, in acknowleding the toast of the Agri-
cultural Society of England, "savouring of anything
but despondency with respect to the future prospects
of agriculture."

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
THE NEW SUPERINTENDENT OF SHEERNESS.-
Captain Charles Hope, (1826,) who has been ap.
pointed to succeed Commodore Michael Seymour as
captain superintendent of Sheerness Dockyard, has
served afloat about 22 years. The following is
O'Byrne's notice of his family and career :-
" Charles Hope, born in 1798, is second son of the
Right Hon. Charles Hope, Lord President of the
Court of Session in Scotland, by Charlotte, daughter
of John, second Earl of Hopetoun ; nephew of Lieut.-
General Sir John Hope, G.C.H., and of Vice-Ad-
miral the Right Hon. Sir William Johnston Hope,
G.C.8.; brother of William Hope, Esq., a major in
the army and captain in the 7th Foot ; and first
cousin of the late Captains William James, Charles
James, and George James Hope, R.N. This officer
entered navy June 24, 1811, as second-class volun-
teer, on board the Sarpedon, 10, Captain James
Green, on the Leith station, where he removed, in
the following November, to the Adamant, 44, flag-
ship of Rear-Admiral William Albany Otway. In
April, 1812, he became midshipman of the Semi-
ramis, 36, Captain Charles Richardson, bearing the
flag afterwards of Rear-Admiral Charles Tyler, at
the Cape of Good Hope. On his return home in
August, 1814, he joined the Chatham, 74, Captain
David Lloyd, lying at Portsmouth, whence, towards
the close of the same year, he styled for North
Bulrsy e
iaxwl;
America in the Erne, 20, commanded
hby th
was e
sureel
Lord Napier. In the courseef
A 1
Murray cessively received on board the Endymion, Tagus,
and Alceste, frigates, Captains Henry Hope, James
Whitley Deans Dundas, and
under the latter of whom he accompanied
Lord Amherst on his embassy to China, and was
wrecked, while returning home with that nobleman
t e Henry
in the Straits of Gaspar, Feb. 18, 1817. Obtaining
his first commission on the 20th of the following Oc-
tober, he was next, Feb. 22, , appointed lieute-
nant of
whichthe ship h
Liffey, 5e visitedo,C ap
the
Captain the Hon.
ne
nn
er ya
,Dun-
can, inMediterranean, and
cruised for some time off Lisbon. After serving
with Captain Charles Adam in the Royal Sovereign
yacht he was invested, Oct. 15, 1822, with the rank
of commander, and on Feb. 28, 1824, nominated to
the Brisk, 10. In the month of September following
he captured, off Flamborough Head, a large smug-
gling lugger, with a cargo of considerable value.
vessel in which he
Captain Hope, whose advancement to post-rank took
place Jan. 20, 1826, was subsequently appointed,
Oct. 21, 1830, to the Tyne, 289 a
served on the South American station, and, prior to
being paid off, in January. 1834, passed over 82,000
miles, a greater distance than bad been traversed by
any vessel since the war; Jan. 24, 1835, to the Dub-
lin, 50, fitting at Plymouth, where he was superseded
in the ensuing July ; and Atg. 28, 1841, to the Tha-
lia, 42. He was employed in the latter frigate, on
the East India and Pacific stations until the close of
1845, when she returned to England, and was put
out of commission ; he has since been on half-pay.
Captain hope married, Sept. 12, 1826, Anne, eldest
daughter of the late Rear-Admiral William Henry
Webley Parry, C. 8., by whom, who died Dec. 24,
1836, he has issue."
Lieut. S. J. Greville (1832) has been appointed to
the Modeste, 18, at Sheerness.
Assistant-Surgeon Jacob E. Dyas to be acting-
assistant to the Dido, 18, Sheerness.
Assistant-Engineer Charles Martin to the Daunt-
less screw-frigate, Portsmouth.
Acheron steam-vessel, Captain Stokes, arrived at
Sydney 21st May, from New Plymouth. By this
time Captain Stokes and his officers have received
their orders for England.
Bellerophon, 78, Captain Paulet, Lord George hove
in sight outside Bembridge on Saturday morning, but
owing to baffling winds did not get to the anchorage
at Spithead till after four rah She then received
orders to receive provisions and water, and proceed to
the chops of the Channel, to relieve any homeward-
bound vessel requiring assistance. Yesterday morn-
ing (Sunday) three or four lighters from the
Victualling Offices went off to her, and after she had
cleared them she weighed and stood down Channel
with the wind at N.N.E.
Havannab, 19, Captain Erskine, arrived at Sydney
June 7th, from Auckland. She. has been ordered there
to be relieved by the Callio.pe, 26, Captain Sir E.
Home, Bart. She may be daily expected in England.
Tyne store ship, Master-Commander P. Welling-
ton, sailed from Portsmouth on Sunday morning for

Deptford, where she will discharge the old stokes she '
brought from Rio.
Falmouth, lighter, Carrick master, sailed fr4m De-
vonport on Friday, with the goods and furniture of
Mr. Atherton, chief engineer, removed from Devon-
port to Woolwich.
Goodwill, lighter, arrived at Devonport on Friday
from Sheerness, with the furniture of Commodore
Seymour.
DEVONPOILT, FRIDAT.—The Dutch frigate Prins
van Orange, Captain D. Bylde de Vroe, arrived in
the sound last night from the Mediterranean, home-
ward bound. This morning she saluted the citadel
and the flag of the port admiral, Sir John Ackworth
Ommanney, and subsequently the captain and prin-
cipal officers, accompanied by John Luscombe, Esq.,
consul to his Majesty the King of the Netherlands,
paid the usual ceremonial visits. The Prins van
Orange will remain at this port for some days, to
afford her officers an opportunity of visiting the
Great Exhibition. _ _

PORTSMOUTH, SUNDAY.--The Carnatic Inc
sailed on Friday evening ; but having left tN
sengers on shore she looked in again on Sa
morning, and took them on board.
A large American, Bremen, and New York
steamer passed through Spithead for Southami
Sunday morning.
The Tudor, Indiaman, Captain Lay, arrive
London yesterday, to embark passengers and

for Calcutta.
Mr. Wilkinson, of Gosport, bas been ap
Vice-Consul for the empire of Russia at this po

March, deceased.
The schooner yacht Dolphin, Mr. William
owner, and friends, sailed to day for the Mec

nean for the winter.
The Waterwitch, 8, Commander Gardner,
at Teneriffe on the 21st ult., and sailed on the

the coast of Africa.
The Dauntless, 33, Captain Halsted, wil
Spithead to-morrow to try her engines, &c.
Of the ships fitting out at the eastward, the
100, 120, Captain Stopford, has her topmasts
and is entering men slowly. The Monarch, 8,
tain C. Hope, is 70 short of her complement
London, 92, Vice-Admiral the Hon. J. Pero,
ship, is about 25 short of complement. The
18, Commander Lord W. Compton, is in the
she has only entered half her complement ;
Dido, 18, Captain Morshead, is in dock to IN
for sea by the 10th proximo. The late flag.
Sheerness, Ocean, 80, is ordered to Chathai

iamen,
'o pas-
tarday

packet
ton on

paid.
WooLwrcU, SEPT. 20.—The Blazer steam-vessel,
of 527 tons, was towed up the river by the Sprightly
steam vessel from Portsmouth to Deptford, and is to
take on board the submarine telegraph, to be laid
down under the guidance of Captain Bullock in the
Fearless steam-vessel, as a means of telegraphic com-
munication between England and France.
Mr. Humphrys, late chief engineer of this dock-
yard, has been directed by the Admiralty to attend
on board her Majesty's screw steamer Desperate, now
at Plymouth, to witness experiments about to be
made with the engines of that vessel, with the view
of ascertaining the value of using steam expansively
in her Majesty's steamers under various circum-
stances.
THE FRENCH FLEET.—The victualling of the
French Mediterranean squadron is being carried on
with the greatest activity at Toulon, and it is ex-
pected that it will be again ready for sea by the 18th.
It is, it is said, to be reinforced by the Henri IV.,
now at Lisbon, and by the Ville de Paris, at, Cadiz.
If so, they will outnumber our Meeiterranean
squadron. The Sardinian fleet has sailed for Malta.
THE GERMAN FLEET.—The present plan for main-
taining the German fleet is that of a threefold divi-
sion of the naval Confederation. Austria and Prussia
will each retain a separate fleet ; the Northern States,
Hanover, Oldenburgh, Bremen, Hamburgh, and
Mecklenburgh, with the Southern States, will com
tribute collectively to a division of the Baltic fleet,
but the Southern States in a smaller proportion than
those of the North.

SHIP NEWS.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.
LIGHTHOUSE ON THE ISLAND OF LAGOSTA.
The following was posted at Lloyd's on Saturday
morning:—
" A new lighthouse has lately been erected on the
Island of Lagosta, in Dalmatia, instead of the tempo-
rary one hitherto existing there. It stands on the sum-
mit of the point of land which in the map of the coast
navigation, published by the Military Geographical In-
stitution in Milan, is marked Punta Scrigeva, and com-
mands the Porto Rosso, fornied by the same point of land.
" The geographical bearings of the lighthouses are
42 deg. 43 min. N. lat., 14 deg. 31 min. E. long., from
the meridian of Paris.
" The lighthouse is illuminated in the night from the
15th of May, 1851, with a fixed light, by means of the
Fresnet apparatus, Ist class. The height of the tower
is 330 Vienna feet above the level of the sea. Its light
is apparent in clear weather to an observer raised 12 feet
above the surface of the water at a distance of 25 miles,
at 60 to a degree."

GRAVESEND, SEPT. 21.—Wind N.E., strong breeze,
cloudy.
Arrived—Don Colino, Crescent, Prince Albert, and
Veritas, from Guernsey; Glen Hustly, from Sydney;
Arbutus, from Guernsey; Limo., fom Dantzic; Anna
Maria, from Emden; Morgensten, from Rostock; Don
Pedro 11., from Rio Grande; Tantiv, from Cephalonia;
Triton, rom Ostend; Seine, from Boulogne; City of
London, from Dunkirk; Fame, fr)m Calais; Rainbow,
Citizen, and. Giraffe, from Rotterdam; Livia and Ros-
common, from Harlingen; Stadt Dordrecht, from Dordt;
Fleche, from Ghent; Green Isle, from Nieu Diep; Nep-
tune, from Tonningen; Dromo, !rom Cape Coast Castle.
Sailed—The Burgermeister, Datavier, Earl of Auck-
land, and Ocean, for Rotterdam; Lord John Russell, for
Tonningen; Francis, for Newport; Panther, for Ostend;
Melody, for Elsinore; Menai, for Calais; Tiger, for
Tonningen; Atlantic Ocean, Thamee, Countess of Lons-
dale, and Caesarea, for Hambargh; Deo Oostsee, Diana,
Mercur, Ilermann. Celeritss, Heinrich Robertus, and
Mary Mitoheson, for the Baltic; Bordeaux, for Bor-
deaux; Cumberland, for Demerara; Columbine, for
Havre; Diana, for Amste,dam; Gustave Adolphe, for
Antwerp; Leopolda, for Cadiz; Eleanore, for Constan-
tinople; Perseus, for Aden; Calista, for Honduras;
Iris, for Port Natal; Wiberforce, for Tonningen; Mag-
net, for Bremen; Rhine for Ostend; Baron Osy, for
Antwerp; Saratoga, aid Inca, for Wales; Patrick
Henry, for New York; Favourite, for Constantinople;
Viscountess Canning, for Leghorn; Susannah, for Riga;
Glasgow Packet, for Faro!.
VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.
Melbourne, from London for Port Philip, July 21, in '
lat. 9 S., long. 28 W.
T. H. Skatton, from Bahia for Cowes, July 28, in lat. 9
N., long. 26 W.
William Penn, from Liverpool for Bombay, July 29, in
lat. 10 N., long. 26 W.
Clymene, from Liverpool for Calcutta, July 11.
Maidstone, 'from London for Calcutta, Aug. 1, in lat. 14
N., long 26 W..
Gratitude, from Algoa Bay for London, Aug. 13, in lat.
28 N., long. 38 W.
Chieftain, from Madras for London, Aug. 24, in 38 N.,
long. 34 W.
Isabella Watson, from Callao for London, July 29, inlet.
5 N., long. 29 W.
Jhelum, ship, from Liverpool for Valparaiso, July 25, in
lat. 11 N., long. 25 W.
Orleans, from Bombaj, for Liverpool, July 27, in lat. 14
N. 10ng..26 W.
Washington, from London for Calcutta, Sept. 13, in lat.
49 N., long. 6 W.
Marquis of Bate, from Cardiff for Quebec, Sept. 4, in
' let. 50 N., long. 10 W.
Jersey Lass, from London for Cape Coast Castle,
Aug. 21, in lat. 34 N., long. 17 W.

SEABORNE MAILS.
[N signifies that the mails are sent frora the General Poet-atlas
by the night—and Mby the morning—dbmatc.)

•
When made up in From what When
PLACES. General Pot-office port dis- due.
London: patched.
America (by Brit. pkt.)N,Sept. 26 .. Liverpool.. Sept. 22
America (by U.S. pkt.) NSept. 30 .. Liverpool • • Sept. 24
America (by U.S. pkt.) MlSept. 24 Southampt. Sept. 19
Africa (West coast).. N 14th of the month Plynioath Oct. 3
Alexandria* • • ...... N 1904 & 30th of mo. Dover .. Sept. is
Belgium •..••• 24 Daily ......Dover Daily
Brazil .. •• 9th of the month
ISouthampt. Oct 16
Buenos Ayres • • .. Mj9th of the month Southampt. Oct. 16
California(viaChagres)Ml2d & 17th of montbiSoutham pt. Sept. 2C
Cape of Good Hope Nll4th of month 'Plymouth.. Oct. 3
Constantinople* . 24 7th 17th 27th el mo ;Dover Sept. 20
Central America .. Mid & 17th of mon. ISouthampt. Sept. 20
Channel Isles .• N Mon., Wed., &Pri2Southampt. Tn. Th.Sa
Chili .. . M:l7th of the month Southampt. Sept- 20
France &*Twice daily „ Dover ..7'wicedally
Greece* .. • • • • Ni7th 17th 27 th of mo Dover .. Sept. 20
Ilamburgh • • .. *Tuesday & Friday London —ITIO.
Holland .. MiWednes. & Satur.lLonden Mee.Thcr
Honduras Nll7th of tho mouth Southampt. Sept. 20
Ireland .. •• M & *Twice daily.. Holyhead 1 wicedai
India (via SoutkamP.) M,2oth of the month Southantpt. Sept. 23
India (via Marseilles) NBth&24th ofmonthDover •• Oct, 1
Mediterranean (via
Southampton) •• M 20th of the Month Souttampt. Sept. 23
Mediterranean (via I
Marseilles) N Eth&24thofmonth Dover • • ,Oct. 1
Mexico .. M2d of the month.. Sonthampt.Oct. 5
Madeira • • .. 9th of the month Southampt. 'Oct. 16
Malta* f 7th,l7th,l9th,l7th 1 HOTer Sept. la
t & 30th of month
Naples* .. • • • • N th 15th 25th of me Dover .• Sept. 22
Papal States* N sth 15th 25th ef mo Dover .. Sept. 22
Peninsular.. • • .. 31,7 th 17th 27th of mo Southampt. Sept. 26
Peru M 17th of the month Southampt. 'Sept. 20
Tuscany* • • • • 275th 15th 25th ofrao Dover .• Sept. 22
Havanna & Nassau) M 2d of the month .• iSouthaloPt•
West Indies Mll7th of the month iSouthanapt. Sept- 20
West Indies (except
* The mails to those countries thus marked (*)'are conveyed by
French packet via Marseilles.
to and from California, riff Cruited States
are iioVi dispataid and dui by every American yackot. /Sept. 20

THE GOLD REGIONS.
The discovery of gold-fields in New South Wales-
will produce very different affects on different minds ;
some will lament over it as calculated to introduce a
new element of corruption into an atmosphere only
just recovering from the moral taint with which we
have so sedulously inoculated it; while others, with
perhaps more justice, will regard any discovery which
tends rapidly and permanently to augment the
amount of wealth possessed by the human race as a
subject which, due allowance being made for all
drawbacks, cannot be contemplated without feelings
of self-gratulation. As it is not in our power to pre-
vent the existence of that cause which is sure to give
rise to these speculations, we think that we should be
employing ourselves more profitably in considering
the question in its more immediate relations to the
welfare of the colony than in abstract speculations on
the advantages or disadvantages of that which is

In California the discovery of gold was made in a
clearly inevitable.
country where society was as yet rude and unformed,
and no branch of industry had been cultivated with
any degree of prominence or success. The new
State is the creation of the gold mines, and its popula-
tion consists, not of inhabitants of the country who had
relinquished their regular occupations for this more at-
tractive pursuit,but of persons drawn from every quarter
of the earth, and whose absence, from their respec-
tive communities, was in many
cases felt to be a
relief rather than a burden. The case of the Aus-
tralian colonies (for this purpose they may all be
considered as one) is as different as can possibly be
imagined ; besides the usual occupations of agricul-
ture, they have, as everybody knows, become a field
for pastoral enterprise on a scale of unequalled mag-
nitude. The sheep, which constitute their princi-
pal wealth, are divided into flocks varying from
four hundred to a thousand in number, each of which
is intrusted to the care of a single shepherd. Two
of these flocks are generally driven together to the
same station, where a third person resides, whose
duty it is to change the hurdles and watch the
sheep by night. The country being infested by wild
dogs, it is absolutely necessary that some one
should always be present with the sheep, in
order to protect them from this cause of destruc-
tion, and the force required for this purpose is
about three men to every twelve hundred sheep.
Now, in the year 1848, the number of
sheep in New South Wales and Port Philip exceeded
eleven millions six hundred thousand, not to speak of
the flocks of South Australia or Van Diemen's Land.

It is not, probably, unreasonable to calculate that in
the three years which have elapsed since this return
was made the number of sheep had increased to at
least fourteen millions. This enormous amount of

property exists from day to day by virtue of the un-
ceasing care and attention bestowed upon it by the
shepherds under a rigid system of central superin-
tendence ; without that care it could not exist for a
single week. Now, let our readers imagine the effect
which must be produced on the minds of the pro.
prietors of these fourteen millions of sheep by the in-
formation that a gold-field has been discovered which
is certain to attract away from their existing engage-

ments every shepherd and hut-keeper in their employ
ment. It will be vain to attempt to retain them by
offers of increased wages. One employer of labour
may compete with another, but who can bid against
the imaginary riches of an Eldorado in which every
adventurer expects to find a splendid fortune impa-
tiently awaiting his acceptance ?
Nor is this all. The shearing of the sheep, which
takes place about the month of October, is an opera-
tion not generally intrusted to the shepherds, but to
persons who travel round the country for the pur-
pose. Shearing cannot he long deferred in Australia
without ruin to the fleece, from the presence of the
seed of a particular grass, well known to the pur-
chasers at our wool sales. If the fleece is not shorn
before November, it is very greatly deteriorated in
value. Now, these professional sheep-shearers are
exactly the persons who, from their itinerant way of
life and reckless habits, will be the first to swell the
ranks of the gold finders. Add to this that the reck-
less and desperate characters who, having served their
sentence of transportation, now swarm in all the Aus-
tralian colonies, will flock to the gold-field as a com-
mon centre, not so much with a view to labour as to
profit by those opportunities of plunder which such a
scene of confusion and excitement must necessarily
afford, and we have enumerated causes quite sufficient
to overthrow a social and economical system far more
firmly established than that of New South Wales.
The difficulty of carrying supplies into the interior
through roads which will soon become infested with
banditti, and under the care of men who will be far
more disposed to desert their charge and join the
general hunt for gold than shed their blood in the
defence of their masters' property, will be no incon-
siderable aggravation of the crisis.
There is but one remedy for all these things, and
that is the prevention by armed force of unauthorised
intrusion on the lands of the Crown, and the preser-
vation from plunder of the valuable public property
recently discovered. The gold region has not yet
passed into private hands, and even if it had the
royal mines of gold and silver would still remain the
property of the Crown. There is, therefore, a clear
right to reserve this public property for public use,
and when it is considered how materially the revenue
derived from it might lighten the burden of tax-
ation to the colonists, the duty to preserve it is
as obvious as the right. All the proceeds of the
gold-field, beyond the wages of the miners and
the profits of the capital employed in working it, are
clearly the property of the colony, to whose use
they are to be applied, according to the statute 5 and
6 Victoria, c. 36, under the direction of three Lords
of the Treasury. The right and duty to preserve
this property being thus clear, we sincerely wish that
our power to do so were equally manifest. With a
commendable economy, which this unforeseen event
by no means impugns, Lord Grey has reduced the
troops in the Australian colonies, beyond those re-
quired for the coercion of the convicts, to a number so
small—some few hundreds, we believe—as to be
wholly unable to cope with the general rush towards
the land of promise. And yet upon their ability to
do so depends, as we have shown, not merely the pre-
servation of the gold-fields from the hands of unau-
thorised intruders, bat the actual existence for another
year of the flocks and herds which form the wealth of
the colonists. Had we that regular and rapid steam-
communication with Australia which ought long ago to
have been provided, we might hope to apply some
i re-
medy to the evil before it becomes intolerable. As t is,
our most strenuous efforts may possibly come too late.
The duty of Government is nevertheless perfectly
plain—to send out such a force as may enable the
colonial Government to maintain any regulation*
which it shall think fit to make for the preservation of
its property. Unless something of the kind be
speedily done, it is hardly too much to anticipate that
the desperate ruffians whom we have been for years
thrusting into the social system of our reluctant co-
lonies,
purpose, may learn to appreciate their own strength,
and, bursting from the control of a Government too
being drawn to a single point by one common
weak to coerce them, establish for a time a lawless
tyranny over the peaceful inhabitants of the country
which the mind shudders to contemplate.
Hardly a newspaper arrives from California with-
out some complaint of the outrages committed by
Australian " expirees" who have found their way to
that country. What are we to
expect in a second
the California, not separated by vast Pacific Ocean,
but placed by nature in the very centre of those;
colonies which we have selected for the haunts of
crime ?
There is also an English as well as a colonial
side to this question. One of our great branches of
manufacture has suffered considerably by the scarcity
of its raw material—cotton: The woollen manufac-
ture is threatened with similar peril by the events
which menace the very existence of those flocks upon
which we depend
descrip-
tions of wool. The only means of averting this cala-
mity is to protect private property in New South
Wales b
dominion o
enablingifootrh the supply
esr Governmenthpupt immediately to
assertelypouf the finer
blic lands. These
i
consideratons are so obvious that we cannot doubt
they will ulti.mately. be attended to. What we prin-
cipally urge. is the imperious necessity of the utmost
dispatch, arising from the perishable nature of the
property in jeopardy, and the danger only too likely
to arise from the desperate character of that penal
population which is sure to meet for the first time in
large and uncontrolled masses on the gold-fields of
Australia.—Times.
its y dmo

INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT.—We are glad
to learn that Lord John Russell, in the most kind and hand-
some manner, and wholly unsolicited by any one, has ap
pointed Mr. James Brotharton, barrister-at-law, and aOn of
Joseph Brotherton, Esq., M.P., to the office of Receiver.
General in the Inland Revenue Department. If any thing
could add to the grace of this unsought and spontaneous
appointment, it would be the very handsome manner is
which Lord John Russell, in eommunica his intention to
ting
Mr. Brotherton, M.P., took occasionto express his own
respect and regard for that gentleman, as a truly liberal and
dispassionate politician. This
rewardappoiment cannot be
con-
founded with the minister
thorough partisan of Government. On
the services of a
who have paid the slightest attention tno thethe 8
ue rbo
jnetcrr
13:0
°awn
that in many, very many instanOesz where his conscientious
opinions led him to take opposite viows to those of the P"
sent Government, AIL Brotbertan never shrank from votlag
naiad them--211471ChcAT Guardian. , 0: 1iti440..