The Sun.
London, England, 1851-12-01 00:00:00

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,arians (there are but three or four Efungarika villages
whose inhabitants, if they desired it, could :be trans-
ferred); and, lastly, because the Croats and Se lavonisns
Fettled on this territory ate a nation, just at, are the
Artos in Servia and the Wallacbians in Mold( t-Walla-
chil. Thus if the Croatians and Sclavonians, b )ind for
so many years with Hungary, desire to be independent
—and would to God they were, and under his Weaning!
—cur common independence once conquered, if they
would confederate with us to guarantee our 'inutuail se-
curity, wo should be ready to league with them; if not,
well, we should remain each apart, but good neighbours.
Without our alliance they could not succeed against
Austria; united with us, success is certain. To the
recognition of their subsequent independence we should
attach but the three following conditions:-
1. That to the town of Fiume, on the Adriatic, the
inhabitants of which are Italians, and belong neither by
right nor affection to Croatia (tor before as well as
after the revolution they always protested against in-
corporation with Croatia), shall be granted the power
to constitute itsslf a free city (like the Haase Towns),
or to remain united to Hangar), as it may choose.
2. That Croatia and Sclavonia shall adapt the system
of free trade, so that we may not find ourselves inter-
dicted to approach the sea.
3. That the fortress of Peterwardein, which from its
geographical situation is neither necessary nor of any
, value to Sclavonia, but which, forming the key of
southern Hungary end of the "Danube, is indispensable to
Hungary, may remain ours.
Tnis is ail: these grafted, may Croatia and Sclavonia
be free and independent! Here, then, is what I have to
say upon this quet,tion.
",', to speak of the remaining populations inhabit- .
1"g Hungary, and (what is but a part of Hungary),
nsylvania. In their regard it is not possible, physi-
PoTrtainkge
tahatitonipaorgtenot.
all nay
speskirs, to make ruch a sacrifice, because there
exists no
ge(zraphieully sercumscribed territory, sup-
onwusnogary Croatia and Sclavonia. Population, such as is that of
(the Bacs and.the Banat),
called at present the According
y wodims of Servia.
to the last Austrian census pains of the
, and after all the
Government to
entire population of this -Y . 1 396,164.
Out of this number the
seprabrat of Hungary is ,
counted only 214,000,
the
Magyars .310,000 (i. e. 230,000 80,000 Bunyevaex,
who speak the Servian languageand but are Roman Catho-
lics, and refuse to be reckoned the Serbs, against
whom they fought during the itrtng
of the Magyars), Germans war, and on behalf
386,436, Wallachians
396 000, various 29,628.
With what reason then could any one ask that this
portion of Hungary should be detached to forma Ser-
vian province, when the Serbs, who are new
having only inhabited the country since. comers,
Leopold, do not
make even one-fifth part of the population?
reasonable, or fair?ls this just,
The same is true of each other nationality.
And who, now looking at the condition of these na-
tionalities, not separated by geographical limits, but in-
termingled Cu the soil, can ask that the territory of Hun-
gary be mutilated, her geographical frontier destroyed,
the Magyars of the mixed population sacrificed, and the
body of the state mutilated—the body of Hungary, a
state essential to the liberty of Europe herself.
What, then, is the solution of this difficulty? It is.
simple: I have already given it. This territory makes
of , part
is not a. tabula rasa: it exists. In this Hungary the
Magyars (eight millions, according to the late Austrian
census) make, supposing we were to take them but at
six-and-a-half millions, not only a relative majority as
measured against each separate race, but also an absolute
majority as compared with the body of the other races
united. Nevertheless, we aspire not to domination, we
aspire to nothing but freedom, equality, brotherhood for
all without distinction, and we say—Hungary exists and
shall exist, for it has both right and living force. Huns
gary is a state—we will not permit it to be rent and
parted like the Saviour's garments, but we will that the
people who inhabit be free, equal, and brethren. As for
nationality, it will be abundantly guaranteed for all the
purposed of life and social development, by liberty of
association, by political existence in the communes, the
departments, and in the state, by the vote of the majo-
rity, and the rights reserved to the minority as well as to each individual.

This, then, is my solution—Liberty.
I know that it has been proposed, or rather designed,
to establish a groat Danubian confederation, composed
of Hungary, Moldavia, Wallachia, &a.; one that shall
have no frontiers but for internal administration, the
frontiers of provinces determined according to na-
tionality.
Supposing, tow, that this were equitable in theory, it
would be impossible in practice. Let me speak plainly.
Some of these projectors have their eye upon Transyl-
vania. They would like to see it annexed to libido-
Wallachia, and governed in the Wallachian tongue ac-
cording to Wallachian laws and customs, sending also its
deputies to a Wallschian diet, and depending on a Go-
vernment residing at Bucharest. But having thus apt.
propriated Transylvania, to make it a part of the
Draco-Roumania _which they; hope to establish, but
which as yet does not exist, they would confederate
against foreign aggression with Hungary. The dura-
tion of such a confederation Heaven alone could gua-
rantee.

Cast a glance on this same Transylvania. Let us not
stay to regard it as the natural frontier indispensable to
the security of Hungary, nor to compute its immense
natural riches, its mines of salt, gold, silver, &0., those
inexhaustible benefits of nature which no state ever
ab,nclons to its neighbours ; but let us only
look to the state of the popiliatii.n in Transylvania. Thu
poptilati,n of Transylvania is 2,000,000. Of this number
there are 1,000,000 11,,iumunianv, and 1,000,000 non-
Roumanians—that is to say, hum 800.000 to 850,000
and from 150,000 to 200,000 Saxons.
Among the finegarittlis there are nearly 500,000 Sz,k-
let's—that warlike ruce, the glory of my nation, of
whom from 40,000 to 50,000 are ready at any moment
to shed their ht Rio t,Lott fur their country, have de-
fendrd it for a thousand years, and who using the
plough, or wielding the sword with like t nergy, have
converted their savuv mountains into a smiling paradise
This is the Transylvania which it is proposed to cut.
off 'ruin Hungary—this the population which is to be
ruled from Bucharest for the only reason that in this
country (if considered by itself, and not as forming part
of Hungary; and it is thus that it should be considered),
there is a majority of 100,000 Wallaohs out of a popula-
tion of 2,000,000.
A.nd yet if these Wallachians were not intermingled
with other races, as they are, they have no well-defined
territories; even the Austrian Minister, Baron Krauss,
complains of this in his lately published report on the
judicial organization of Hungary. If even the Szeklers
and other Magyars, with the Saxons, could be separated
and added to Hungary, and the Wallachians to Wallachia
—but no; that is geographically impossible. The Sack-
lers are neighbours, properly speaking, not to Hungary
but to the Bukovina arid Moldavia. The Saxons are
established on the frontier of %% allachia; it is the Wal•
lachians, intermingled with Hungarians, who inhabit the
interior and the parts immediately bordering upon Hun-
gary.

•
But this is not all. There are those who wish the
Hungarian nation to rise, make war on Austria and its
protector the Czsr, make of its fertile plains the field of
battla to the uttermost, pour out its blood, fight and
conquer; and then in the distribution of rewards after
victory accept back its Hungary torn into shreds of
which WallachiAns, Serbs, Slovacs, Ruthe!dans, and
even Germans shall have a share, while the Magyars of
Trails) lvania shall be transformed intoDaco-Roumanian
subjects, and the rest of the Hungarian nation, shut in
its interior plains without resources, without geographi-
cal 'ituati"l,, is left to expire for want of air. Is this
a solution? The Roumanian nation has its existence as
state in Moldo- Wallachia—it has its future in the in-
dependence of this :tats, and its aggrandisement by the
addition of the Bukovina and Bessarabia. Let it not
wish for the conquest of Hungary. The Hungarians
have no existence out of our country.
We will preserve it. Freedom, equality, brotherhood,
for all the Roumanians, for all who inhabit our country,
every imaginable guarantee of nationality within the
country and paternal confederation with Poland, Mol-
davia, and Wallachia. Servia, Croatia, t.-_;clavonia, and
Dalmatia, if they will accept it. 'Chia is a possible
solution.
One word more. Does any one think the subversion
of Austria necessary to European liberty, aad that the
conetirrence of Hungary is necessary to this object?
Then there is an end to such a proposition as I have been
refuting. For let whomsoever it concerns understand
this well, that no man nor angel can ever
ninagtioHnutnog
Hungary
rive,
cutup and
aannddpfigrcht with the prospect of see-
persuade my
parcelled out after victory. This
scheme is only fitted to destroy Magyar enthusiasm, and
disgust them with the idea of revolution. The Walla-
chians of Transylvania do not entertain any such extra-
vacant notions. Let no one sow disocrd in our ranks,
and the liberty of all will be conquered. Those who
shall do so will work the failure of the war of liberation;
they themselves will suffer for it, and humanity will
curse them.
Kutahia, April 25, 1851.

L. KOSSUTH.

v ured us with the time docu.
[The gentleman who
documentare forms part of a comma_ ing remarks:—
" Thisssuthfrom Kutayeb, in explanation of
mhiesn t
viewsand
with
nication made by
lid
to Turkey, its Christian provinces,
ill
t°o follow it, makes the follow-
ing
Slvavonic races of Hungary. M.
and the Kaumana and.
t of discouraging variouscombina-
KOdauthsawtheneoessi y .
by exiles
or influential men belonging
tions, proposed
resident in
nationalities and still
to these
he had reason to suspect that these plans origi.
because ihtollserewgharich
nated in Austrian or rather Russian instigation (which
he considers as identical), of which the propounders
were the unconscious dupes, and which were directed
against the integrity of Turkey, and to endeavour to
renew those discords which Austria bad succeeded in
fomenting by false pretences amongst the various races
peopling Hungary, but 10 ich the subscquent treachery
and cruelty of the Austrian Cabinet to all have since
reconciled. Proc,eding to carry out this view, a co
dential agent eudeav(,urect to dispel the fallacy of' the
incurable debility of Turkey in a paper shortly to h"
pub ished, and which, on transmission to Kossuth, vas
returned with his unqualified approval, accompanied by
the document written by himself, in which, plc detail of the future
organization he propos.et!i i
i 'lout
Hungary, he at once naturally explai" howof the
any disintegrative process the very nationalityoui
d be cared
races inextricably mixed up in Hungaryflovr
Englishmen
for. Attentim is cubed to its having by the aim-
Hungary,
kind of interest,
which it directly
opinions of Kossuth on the subject o
ttEats."] as directflyelucidating the

THE DEESIDE RAILWAY.—The half-yearly meet-
ing of this company was held in Aberdeen on Tuesday, ms.
John Duncan, chairman of the Caledonian Railway Com:
pany, in the chair, when a resolution was agreed to, ap-
proving the report of the directors for coutnicting this Line.