The Sun.
London, England, 1851-02-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 21, 1851.

THE COUNTRY MARKETS. [The following appeared in our Third Edition of
BIRMINGHAM, FEB. 20.-At Gloucester market, on the last night
15th, the wheat trade ruled dull, and lower prices were ac- PUBLIC WOOL SALES. .
eepted for Polish Odessa of all qualies. At Worcester, same At the auction of last evening Australian brought
day, there was more firmness. Barley nominally unaltered. 19. 3d. to ls.:81d. for clean sheen's Is. 41d. to Is. Sad. for
•We had rather more doing in oats. Beans and peas altoge- • '
lambs' and and for scoured samples of the latter, ls. 2d. to
ther neglected. During the present week we have again had
little passing in the trade, but holders of wheat have refused ls. 14d. Van Dieman's Land sold at la oid. to Is. 7d.
to submit to any decline. Barley tending downwards. For for clean sheep's, and at Is. 41d. to ls. 10d. for lambs'.
oats there is more demand. Scarcely a transaction reported Port Philip brought ls. 31d. to Is. 71d. for sheep's, Is.
in beans or peas. At this day's market, although there was a sd. to is. 10d. for scoured, and Is. 66d. to ls. 81d. for
short supply of wheat from the farmers, the trade again raled lambs.' Cape went at 7d. to Is. 3d. for sheep's, and at
dull, at rather under the carreney of this day se'nnight, for all is. lid. to Is. 31d. for scoured.
descriptions; but we make no alteration in our quotations. Importers are still giving support to the market by
Barley unaltered, with an improved demand for fine qualities, withdrawing various parcels.
In oats very little doing. More inquiry for Beans. Peas en- At this evening'
tirely neglected. s sale 1,915 bales have been pat up,
Barsxor., Fez. 20.-The condition of English wheat is
all Colonial. Australian has realised ls. Id. to ls. 7d.
still bad, and the supply moderate ; prices the same as last for clean to:second sheep 's, and 1,. 51d, for lambs'. Port
week. Foreign wheat (middling) is from 6d to Is per quarter Philip has been sold at ls. 51d. to Is. Bd. for clean
cheaper. English wheat (new) sold at 34, to 40s per imperial sheep's, Is. 3d. to ls. 71d. for lambs' clean, Is. 711 to
qr; foreign (white) ditto sold at 40s to 44s per 4801bs ; ditto ls. 14d. for scoured lambs', and ls. 4d. to ls. 10d. for
red (extra) 38s tol4os ; ditto (mile), 35s to 37s 6d ; ditto (ordi- other scoured. Van Dieman's Land has been taken at
nary), 34s to 35s fid ; ditto (hard), 34s to 375. An abate- Is. 4d. to Is. 7d. for clean sheep's, Is. 51-cl. to 2s. for
ment of 6d to is per sack has taken place on English flour; lambs', and Is. 61d. to Is. 71d. for scoured.
English (seconds), 27s to 30s per sack ; American (sweet), 21s
to 23s per brl. 3.lalting barley is scarce, and in request, but
other sorts difficult of sale, and the turn cheaper; English
(malting), 22s to 275 per imperial qr; ditto and foreign
(grinding), 20s to 21s per 4001bs. In oats there has been no
improvement in value or demand; Devon and Welsh, 15s to
16s 6d per imperial qr ; Irish white, 16s 6d to 185 per 3201b5;
ditto black, 13s to 16s per imperial qr. Foreign oats and
beans met with a slow sale at previous rates. English beans,
26s to 28s per imperial qr; foreign, 24s to 26s per 4801bs.
The averages are-Bristol wheat, 363 lld ; Gloucester ditto,
38s 3d Bristol oats, 15s 9d ; Gloucester ditto, 171 9d ;
Bristol barley, 22s Id; Gloucester ditto, 223 8d ; Bristol beans,
26s 10d; Gloucester ditto 28s 3d.
LOUGHBOROUGH, FEB. 20.-This market was well attended
yesterday ; best dry wheat met with ready sale, at 1 s higher
rate; fine barley made Is more than last week, and met with
customers ; a good business was done.
DERBY SMITHFIELD MARKET, FEB. 18.-Our supply to-
day was not so large as that of last week, yet there was a snf.
flciency to meet the wants of buyers, and most of the animals
were disposed of without any alteration in the price. The
number of sheep was about the average, for which high prices
were asked; there were several lots of wether sheep of a small
size, which realised 6id per lb, there being many buyers for
all kinds of mutton, and sales generally were brisk, and a
good clearance was effected. Fat pigs were scarce and readily
disposed of. There was a good supply of fat and store calves.
Beef, 4id to sd; mutton, 6d to bid ; veal, 5d 5d per lb ;
pigs, 7s to 7s 6d per score. Rough fat, 3s 6d per stone of
141bs. Hides, lid to 54d per lb ; calf skins 2d to 4d per lb.
Borrox, FEB. 19.-Wheat, red 24s to 375 Od, white 36s
to 395, extra 42s to 003; barley 18s to 233 ; oats lls to 17s;
beans 22s to 27s ; peas Os to Os per quarter.
LYNN, Feu. 18.-Wheat 28, to 349, fine 36s 40s to 425;
barley 173 to 205, fine 22s to 25s per qr.
UPPINGHAM, Fun. 19.-Wheat 35s to 39s Od; barley2os to
22s ; oats 155 to Hs ; beans 22s to 27s per quarter. Butter
12d to 13id per lb ; eggs 24 for Is.
CArtustic' FEB. 18.-Wheat, 40s O'd; barley, 22s lid;
oats, 17s 3id per quarter.
kEDINBURGH GRAIN MARKET, FEB. 19.--Wheat-There
were 826 qrs of wheat in the market to-day, being 50 qrs less
than last week. Prices were 4s up on the top, and Id down
on the average-125 qrs unsold. Barley-There were in to-
day's market 207 qrs barley, being 260 qrs less than last week.
The top price is up, and the average lld up-22
qrs unsold. Oats-The quantity of oats in the market was 790
qrs, being 18 less than last week. The top price was
ls 10d up, and the average 3d up-131 qrs unsold.
Beans-The supply of beans was 170 qrs, being 39 more than
last week. Prices were is up on the top, and 3d down on
the average-48 qrs unsold.
Top of Wheat ... 6241 b. 46s Od
„ Barley ... 5641 b. 29s Od
„ Oats ... ..• 43*1b. 22s 6d
„ Beans ... ... 67 lb. 31s Od
EDINBURGH CATTLE MARKET, FEB. 19.-The number
of cattle was 581, or 95 less than last week. Top price
of the best cattle, 7s 3d; current, 6s to 6s 6d ; middling
and inferior, from 5s Od to 5s 6d per Dutch stone. A clear-
ance was not effected. The number of sheep this morning
was 2,1:57, or 455 less than last week. Top price of the bes
mutton, 6d per lb • current, 51d to Od; ewes and inferior
sorts, 4d to 5d per Ib. A clearance effected.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE
EAST INDIAN.

The annual meeting of this company was held on
Wednesday, at the office, Old Broad-street; Mr. J.
Baxendale in the chair.
The SECRETARY then read the report.
The CHAIRMAN, on moving the adoption of the report,
said that since it had been circulated they had received
a most satisfactory report from their engineer, Mr.
Turnbull, with regard to the works. It went into con-
siderable detail, was of great length, and contained a
great deal of information; but be (the Chairman) could
not give them a short account of it, the document would
lie at the office for the inspection of the shareholders.
From what he had read of it, he considered that it W 24
very satisfactory, so far as the works were concerned.
He had known the engineer for many years, and he was
satisfied they could place the fullest reliance on any re-
port they may receive from him.
Mr. FRANKLIN complained that some of the items in
the accounts were not correctly stated.
The CHAIRMAN said it was impossible for accounts to
be more correct. They were carefully audited, and the
directors could not spend a single penny without the
consent and authority of the East India Company. If
they were to go beyond the limit of expenditure allowed
by the East India Company, the directors would have to
pay the money out of their own pockets.
A long conversation ensued with regard to one of the
items in the balance-sheet for 60,442 L, stated to be for
current expenses, and eventually it was agreed that
current payna',nts would have been more correct, with
the addition for rails, chairs, and other materials for the
railway.
The report was then adopted, the dividend was de-
clared, and the retiring directors, Messrs. J. Baxendale,
J. Cattley, and A. Nairne, were re-elected, as was also
the retiring auditor, Baron Goldsmid.

„
On the motion for confirming the forfeiture of certain
shares being put,
Mr. ADAMS said, he believed that many of those shares
belonged to persons who had died in India, and in con-
sequence of the necessity and difficulty of obtaining pro-
bates in England the public in India were very much
dissatisfied, and until that feeling subsided it was not
likely that persons in India would hold shares in the
company. He hoped the subject would receive the at-
tention of the directors.

The CHAIRMAN said:that so far as he knew the di-
rectors would be most anxious to meet the question in a
proper manner, and deal with every case according to
its merits.

After some further observations the resolution con-
firming the forfeiture of certain shares was carried.
The proceedings concluded with votes of thanks to the
chairman and directors, and also to the auditors.

DuNBA u., Fix. B.—Wheat, weighing 6.silbs, brought 41,
and prices to 30s Od. Barley, weighing sSlbs, brought
27. Od, and prices to 19s Od. Oats, weighing 45ilbs, brought
20s 6d, and prices to 131 6d. Beans and peas, weighing
671bs, brought 2.33 Od, and prices to Os Od.
CORK, F. 19.

NORTHERN AND EASTERN.
The half-yearly meeting of this company was held
on Wedneiday, at the Bishopsgate station; Mr. Pater-
son in the chair.

Mr. BOURNE, the secretary, then read the report.
The CHAIRMAN having moved the adoption of the
report,_

Barrels. Currency.
0 White wheat lBs 9d to 00s Od 00s Od-20 stone
4 Red wheat. 17s 6tl to 033 Od o,)e Od-20 do
195 Barley lOs 9d to I 1 s 5d CO3 Od—l6 do
0 Bere
57 Oats
35 Pigs 243 Od to 31s Od 28s Od per cwt
Quantity sold at the Highest Prices:

Mr. DA.VIS wished to know whether the proposed ar-
rangement between the Eastern Counties Company and
the Eastern Union and Norfolk Railway Companies
would affect the interests of the Northern and Eastern
proprietors.

The CHAIRMAN did not think it was a question for
the meeting to go into. The resolutions passed at the
late meeting of the Eastern Counties Company would
not affect them. The security the Northern and Eastern
Company htld was of the most undoubted character, and
entirely secured them.

0 barrels white wheat ; 0) red ; 17 barley ; 0 bere; 17 oats ;
pig;.
Quantity of Grain and Number of Pigs sold last week:—
Wheat, 167. Barley, 672. Oats, 3,374. Pigs, 281.
PRICES OF BUTTER.
CANT. CURRENCY.
First quality ......... 905 First quality ... Bll
Second quality
Third quality SOs Third quality .. 7ls
Fourth quality
Fifth quality
Sixth quality
Return of Cattle sold for the week ending Feb. 15 :
Pigs, 353. Sheep, 319. Cows, 98.
COELK.—Flour—First lis 6d to 12s 6d ; extra 13s Od ;
seconds, 1036 d to 11s 6d; households 93 to 103 Od; thirds, 7s to 9s
per cwt. Oatmeal 10s to 1056 d; Indian meal 7s 6d to 8,10 d; wheat-
meal, lOs to 103 6d per cwt. Indian corn 71 510 d to 71 103 per
ton. Bran 92s 6d to9ss per ton. Hay—Farmers 25s to 40s; average
36s ; dealers 40s to 50s Od; average 4'is per ton. Straw—Farmers
22i Od to :_;25 O 3; average 28s; dealers 00s Od to 00s Od;
average 00s Od per ton. Bread—Wheaten loaf sid to 61 ;
household loaf 40 to 5d per 41b. Fresh butter, 10d u,
12d per lb. Eggs-4s 61 to 4s 8d per hundred. Coals—
Newport 16s Od ; Lydnet, 179 ; Landore 143 ; Neath Cuba,
13s 6d per ton. Tallow 37s Od to 38s per cwt.
Whisky. 25 o. p., 5s 9d per imperial gallon, Meat
—Beef l d to 6id ; mutton 5d to 7d ; veal 4d to
scl; pork 4d to Od ; bacon 7d to 8:1 ; sansages 5d per lb
Hops 61103 to 01 0.3 per ewt. Bangor slates 3:12; tid to 3153 per
ton. Bark—Barbary 71 Os to 810 s ; Valonia 151 to 01; Frenc h
61 Os ; Spanish 01 per ton. Fleece Wool 14s to 153 per stone.
Hemp 321 to 34/ per ton. Fish—Scotch herrings 213 to 00s; red
ditto, 24s to 001 per barrel ; Newfoundland, 101 to 11/ 103 per
ton. Timber—Memel, 603 per ton; red pine, 31 lOs; yellow
ditto, 21 15s per ton ; deals, 12s to 15s per 100. Hides—
Market 22s to 325; salted 23s to 32. s per cwt ; calf skins
34c1 to 3 d per lb. Potatoes, white 7d to 10d; Minions,
10d to 13d. Guano—Peruvian, 11/ ; Ichaboe, SI to 91 lOs
per ton. Tar— Archangel, 19s per barrel.

Mr...KENNARD, a director, said he agreed with the
Chairman that their property was as secure a 3 any rail-
way property could possibly be, but he considered the
course pursued last week by the Eastern Countie3 meet-
ing in reference to the proposed agreement between the
three companies to have been most prejudicial to the
interests of the Eastern Counties Company, surrounded
as it was by rivals. It had the Great Northern on the
western side, the Eastern Union en the eastern, and now
also the Great Northern to flank them on the north side,
and the latter company were working over to Dereham,
which was within 17 miles of Norwich. lie thought the
appointment of a committee at the Eastern Counties
meeting, under all the circumstances, a most unfortunate
event. Ile was perfectly satisfied the Norfolk Company
would, if left to themselves, effect a union with the
Great Northern Company. He thought it too bad that
small shareholders, some of whom had been possessed of
their shares hut for a short time, should be allowed by
the great body of the proprietors to take a prominent
part in the proceedings of the Eastern Counties Com-
pany, and sway the decisions of a proprietary possessed
of property to the amount of so many rnillions.—(H{ar,)
Mr. ROUTH did not quite agree with the views cf Mr.
Kennard, although he was in favour of a working agree-
ment for conducing the trait; of the three companies.
After some further discussio❑ the report was adopted,
and the dividends of 5 per cent. and 6 per cent. per
annum on the guaranteed stocks wore declared.
The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to
the Chairma❑ and directors.

A WOMAN KILLED BY HER HUSBAND.
BATH, WEDNESDAY.—A very melancholy occurrence
took piece in this city last evening, which has caused a
great deal of excitement. It appears that about eight
o'clock a carpenter, named Joseph Clark, living at 5,
Lampard's-buildings, returned home from his work at
Brislington, near Bristol. A violent quarrel and fight
ensued between Clark and his wire. The other lodgers
in the house heard blows struck, but unfortunately they
did not interfere until Clark was heard calling out to a
Mrs. Langley fcr assistance. Mrs. Langley's husband,
accompanied by another man, named Wilcox, then ran
up stairs, and upon entering Clark's room they found
him iu a sitting posture against the wall, supporting his
wife, and shaking her, apparently for the purpose of
bringing her to a state of consciousness. The room
was in great confusion, and the person of the woman
presented marks of great violence. Clark, on see-
ing Langley and Wilcox, immediately exclaimed
" I am afraid I have done a bad job!" and
when they removed the unfortunate woman from him
she gave a convulsive gasp and immediately expired.
On the floor was found a stick broken into three pieces,
and clotted with blood. Surgical aid was immediately
procured, but, of coarse, was of no avail. Clark, who
appeared deeply affected by his position, was given at
once into the custody of the police, and conveyed to the
central station, followed by a large crowd, so speedily
had the melancholy occurrence gained currency. This
morning the prisoner was brought before the magistrates
at the Guildhall, and charged with the wilful murder
of his wife. He is a respectable looking man, and, on
being placed at the bar, appeared greatly dejected.
Mr. M. Harris, solicitor, watched the proceedings on
his behalf.
The only witness examined was police-constable 35,
who deposed:—l was last-night, about a quarter-past
3 o'clock, called to No. 5, Lerahard's-buildings. I went
up into the middle room, where I saw a woman in a
sitting position on the floor, supported by two men and
a woman, washing blood from her face. Mr. Hunt, a
surgeon, was also there, and he said the woman
was dead. I asked him where the man was that did it,
and he pointed towards the prisoner Clark, who was
standing by. I charged the prisoner with killing his
wife, and he said lam the cause of her death. He said I
I first pushed her down (pointing to the foot of the bed,
where there was a large pool of blood), I then helped
her up, and set her on the ledge of the window. I after-
wards beat her with a stick. I asked where is the
stick? He pointed to the floor, where I found a stick
broken in three or four pieces, on one of which was a
quantity of hair wound round it, and blood. I then
found a woman's cap thrust into the fire grate. There
was no fire in the grate. There was a quantity of hair
in the cap. The prisoner said, that was there before I
came home, and the hair on the floor was there when I
came home. I took the prisoner into custody, and con-
veyed him to the police station.
The prisoner was then remanded for a week.
The case is rendered more melancholy by the fact
that the prisoner has three children, the eldest only nine
years old.
BATH. THIIRSDAY.—A coroner's inquest was held by
A. H. English, Esq., at one o'clock yesterday, at the
New Inn, Rivers-street, when, after the examination of
Eustace Clark, a son of the deceased, the Coroner sug-
gested that a post mortem examination of the body would
be necessary, to which the jury assented, and the inquiry
was adjourned for that purpose.

SEABORNE MAILS.
[N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post-office
by the night—and M by the morning—dispatch.]

PLACE 3.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS.
On Feb. 11 and 18, W. Cubitt, Esq., President, in the
chair, the discussion on Mr. A. V. Newton's paper, "An
Inquiry into the nature of Patent Lew Protection, with
a view to the better appreciation and security of the
Rights of Inventor:." was renewed, and was continued
throughout both evenings.
An appendix to the paper was read, in which it was
submitted, that if the conclusions drawn from the paper
were correct, the spirit of the exiting patent law, con-
sidering the Act of Jame 3 I. as such, should remain in-
tact; in which case any amelioration would be re-
Etricted to matk.rs of detail;
That the patent laws, as at present interpreted and
administered, were based upon the spirit of justice;
And that all suggestions fur tho amelioration of the
patent laws, to be judicious and beneficial to inventors,
mutt ref,:r solely to the granting of patents, and must
in
antno way touch upon the validity of patents when
gred.
In the discussion, the subject was first examined
pleftleollyt,laawnd3
wwohrielstoapitabwl:sof a
idmmpi toevde,rotehoatt, 'itth
re, a present
that the question should be very carefully
n!torggsued f, under
all possible contingmacies
position be well considered, and the ben
before any innovations were
roi
introduced, u
sese
fromdc,a
tas
,hpeanr
proceeding
nedisastrousrgfewr
ehaiohithoecotrhneesaesmqe
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feeasioeburelodr.

It was argued that there was no analogy between the
copywright of a book, a picture, or a design, and the
protection granted for a❑ invention; and that, therefore,
they could not be submitted to the same rule.%
The existing facilities for offering opposition to the
demands for patents were considered to be productive of
benefit, for many applications had been successfully con-
tested, which, if they had been granted, would have ma-
terially interfered with the public interest.
The present high cost of patents was deemed injudi-
cious, as having, among other objectionable effects, the
tendency to induce the introduction of several distinct
inventions under the same title, in order to save expense;
and thus the system almost offered a premium for liti-
gation.

The mere registration of inventions was then conten-
ded for, in order to reduce the cost and the tediQusnes:s
of the present system.
To this it was replied, that it was sufficiently difficult
now, for a patent agent to advise a client as to the
novelty of an invention, but that if registration alone
would suffice, it would become impossible for any man,
devoting his whole time to reading, to make himself
acquainted with all that he should know, in order t 3
perform the duty of protecting his client's interest.
As to the cost of pater ts, it was urged that cheap
patents would render necessary cheap law, to defend the
rights of inventors; as all profitable patents were cer-
tain to be infringed.
It was contended, that the fact of so large a per
emtage of the patents applied for, never having reachA
the last stage, could not be attributed to the expense of
the different stages, so much as to the present starching
inquiry with them, having shown, that they really pos-
sessed no intrinsic merit, and that it was only common
sense to abandon them.

It was asserted, that there was always more available
capital at command, for working patents, than there
were good and useful inventions to be brought into
general use. Their registration was again ob-
jected to, on the ground, that in drawing
up the specification, the advocate frequently
brought prominently forward some important feature
of an invention which had not been considered
of any moment by the author, and whose interest would
probably have materially suffered if that point had been
neglected.
The appointment of a registrar, or board to revise
specifications, was objected to, as a most destructive
measure, and it was asserted that juries very rarely de-
cided contrary to the justice and common sense of a
case. That the finding of a jury had scarcely ever been
reversed in a court of law; whilst the ruling of judges
had been admitted by themselves to be erroneous. The
examination into patent questions by a jury composed
of men engaged in pursuits analogous to the subject of
invention, would be dangerous, as bringing self-interest
to bear against probity.
With respect to the practical operation of patents on
mechanical improvements, it was shown, that several
important inventions had never been made the subjects
of patents at all, and that they had remained unused for
terms of years before the public had appreciated them.
The planing machine and th© key grove engine were
examples of this position.
With respect to the assumed number of useless patents,
it was asserted that there was no instance of any ma-
chine whose perfection had been hindered by the diffi-
culty of bringing into accordance numerous patents
taken for the several component parts of the machine.
Every succes.ive patent might be for a progressive step
necessary for the eventual combination of a perfect ma-
chine. This was demonstrated by recent cases of litiga-
tion on patents cases.
It was proposed, that the time for which a patent was
granted might be limited, subject to renewal in the case
of really meritorious inventions.
A graduated scale of prices appeared to be generally
approved, as it would enable the ingenious, poor in-
ventor, to obtain the due reward for the exercise of his
talents, without his resigning to the capitalist the greater
portion of the profit.
Although no definite result was arrived at, the general
opinion appeared to be, that the present cost of patents
might be considerably reduced; the forms of proceeding
much simplified; and, by rendering compulsory the
depositing of the specification at the time of applying for
the patent, effective protection would be afforded to in-
ventors, and the dreaded increase of useless patents
would be effectually restrained.
The meeting was then adjourned until Tuesday,
February 25th, when the following paper will be read :
" Description of the R lel Border Bridge, erected over
the River Tweed, on the line of the York, Newcastle,
and Berwick Railway," by Mr. G. B. Bruce, M.
C.E.

LONDON CITY APPRENTICES.
Sir James Duke, M.P., in the course of a very eloquent
speech, on the occasion of a public testimonial to John
Robert Taylor, Esq., made some most pertinent remarks
upon the value of apprenticeship in the city of London.
It will be seen that our noble forefathers thought simi-
larly, even so far back as the time of Charles I. The
extract is from Whitfield's Memoirs, and is not unworthy
of notice:—
"A curious account of the mode of apprenticing at this
time is given in a letter from Mr. Howell to his father.
Our two younger brothers which you sent hither are
disposed of; my brother, Dr. Howell (afterwards Bishop
of Bristol), hath placed the elder of the two with Mr.
Hawes, a mercer, in Cheapside, and he took much pains
in it ; and I had placed my brother Ned with Mr. Bar-
rington, a silkman in the same street, but afterwards,
from some inconveniences, I removed him to one Mr.
Smith, at the Flower-de-lute, in Lombard-street, a
mercer also; their masters are both of them very well to
pass, and of good reput; I think it will prove some ad-
vantage to them hereafter to be both of one trade;
because, when they are out of their time, they may
join stocks together; so that I hope, sir,
they are well placed as any two youths in
London; but you must not use to send
them such large tokens in money, for that may corrupt
them. When I went to bind my brother Ned appren-
tice in Drapers' Hall, casting my eyes upon the chim-
ney-piece of the great room, I might spie a picture of
an ancient gentleman, and underneath Thomas Howe];
' I ask'd th© clerk about him, and he told me that he
had been a Spanish merchant in Henry the Eight's
time, and coming home rich, and dying a bachelor, he
gave that hall to the Company of Drapers, with other
things, so that he is accounted one of their chiefest
benefactors. I told the clerk that one of the sons
of Thomas Hoe.el came now thither to be bound, he
answered, that if ho be a right Howel he may have,
when he is free, three hundred pounds to help him to
set up, and pay no interest for five years. It may be
hereafter we may make use of this. He told me also
that any maid that ean prove her father to be a true
Howel, may come and demand fifty pounds towards her
portion of the said hall. Because Mr. Hawes, of
Cheapside, is lately dead, I have removed my brother
Griffith to the Hen and Chickens in Paternoster-row,
to Mr. Taylor's, as gentile a shop as any in the city,
but I gave a piece of plate of twenty nobles price to
his wife."

portance in the system of Europaan States, and,to pro.
teet their interests according to the fundamental laws of
the Confederation. This was th© state of affairs when
the present Cabinet assumed the gr.vernawnt of Hano-
ver. That Cabinet agreed with its possessors as to the
views, which it ought to take of the existing law; but
the affairs of Germany presented, nevertheless, the most
embarrassing difficulties.
" A neighbouring country (Hesse) exhibited the la-
mentable spectacle of a rupture between the Sovereign
and his subjects. The intervention of the Federal
Power was opposed by a third party (Prussia), and for
the purpose of protecting its own interests and rights
this third party occupied the country without the con-
sent of its Sovereign. The Hanoverian Government had
been summoned to assist in an armed intervention.
"In the north, another Federal province (Holstein)
and its Sovereign were engaged in actual warfare. That
country, after au enormous sacrifice of blood and trea-
sure, pined for peace and repose. A peace had been
concluded between the Sovereign and the German Go
comments, aed this peace protected the rights of Ger-
many. But still the combat was continued. In this case,
too, the Hanoverian Government was asked to take part
in an armed intervention for the purpose of disarming a
population which had fought and combated under the
same banner with the soldiers of Hanover.
" The part which, under these circemstances, the Ha-
noverian Government was compelled to take in the in-
terest of Germany and its own interest, was clear be-
yond the possibility of a doubt. Pc acc was to he pre-
served at any risk; the most active co-operati,in was
wanted to restore an acknowledged state of public law to
Germany, It was necessary to reconcile, but not to pit
against one another, the conflicting elements in the
neighbouring states, to protect the rights of Germany
without prolonging a resultless and bloody war, and, as
much as possible, to protect Hanover itself from new
burdens.

"The military power of Hanover cannot give that
country so much importance as a consistent and equit-
able foreign and domestic policy is sure to do. And in
this equitable policy the Government has been supported
by the resolution of the Diet of the 16th January, 1850,
which directs it to procure a Constitution of Germany
by means of the development of the existing law. Nor
need the Government repent of the course which it has
taken. Relying on similar sentiments in its
mightier allies, even at times when the rights of
the Confederation seemed for the moment to
be misunderstood, the Hanoverian Government, assured
and confident of the justness of its cause, stood unmoved
amidst the warlike preparations which convulsed the
major part of Germany, and the expense of a mobili-
zation of its armed force was thus spared to the
country. The consequence has been that the Govern-
ment has had the extreme gratification to witness the es-
tablishment of amicable relations in the place of me-
nacing dissensions, and of a scission between the north
and south of Germany. The danger of a war, with all its
fatal consequences, has been removed, and the two great
Powers are stow united in the endeavours to remodel
Germany by means of a revision of the existing Fe-
deral Constitution. The fidelity of Hanover to the
existing Federal law, and the pacific attitude of
the north-west of Germany, have materially as-
sisted in obtaining these favourable results.
The Hanoverian Government has, moreover, readily
sent its plenipotentiaries to the Conferences, which
were opened for the purpose of revising the Constitu-
tion. The instructions of that plenipotentiary contain
a distinct expression of the solicitude (eigene Sorge) of
the Government for the fulfilment of the Constitutional
promises (Verfassungs Zusagen) which it has given.
Deeply imbued with respect for the existing law, the
Government has positively refused to recognize any
exceptional resolutions (Ausnahnis-Besehlasse) which,
according to its opinion, ought to be foreign to the
legislation of the Confederation. It has not lent
itself to any intervention in any neighbouring State,
and although its attempts at a reconciliation of the con-
flicting interests have been void of success, the Hano-
verian Goverment still continues, and proposes to con-
tinue, to exert its influence for the above purpose. Re-
cognizing the obligati•els of a treaty of peace and tiae
injunctions of the Federal law, the Government
has taken part in the transactions of the Fe-
deral Assembly respecting the affairs of another
Federal proeince (Holstein). And while it assented
to the resolution of the Federal Assembly, by which
this question too was committed to the two great Powers
the Hanoverian Government advocated the protection of
the rights of Germany according to the Federal resolu-
tions of the 17th of September, 1846. The Government
hopes that the Diet will fully understand and appreciate
its conduct iwthe questions to which it has referred.
" VON M4CHAUSEN, LINDEMANN, DOSSING, JACOBI,
TH. MAYER, VON HAMMERSTEIN.
"Hanover, Feb. 15."
POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

•r MANSION-HOUSE.
Sarah Boring was brought before the Lord Mayor, in
the custody ot W. Luck (policeman 430), charged with
having stolen a shilling.
The policeman said the prisoner went into a shop in
Cannon-street; and presented a petition praying for re-
lief. The tradespeople, especially in that neighbour-
hood, were overwhelmed with applications from people
pretending to be in distress, as well as from real objects,
and the petition was refused. The woman retired from
the shop, but returned ef er some little hesitation, took
up a shilling which lay upon the counter, and was about
to depart, when the money was missed, and she was
accused of the theft. She at once acknowledged that
she ha.i taken possession of what did not belong to her,
but the tradesman, who was a gentleman of well-known
humanity, declined to appear against her. She pleaded
deep distress is an excuse for the robbery.
The LORD MAYOR —I am very sorry to sce a woman
who has evidviltly seen better days brought before me
for an effenee.'ef this kind. You seem to be in a de-
plorable condition. How did this happen? The pri-
soner, with the tears gushing from her eyes, said that
she was stervihg, and that her husband end children
were starving! She solemnly declared that when she
first entered die shop she had not a dishonest thought,
but that as shi3,was leaving it she saw the shilling on the
counter, and supposing that some customer had left it
behind in mistlike, she could not resist the temptation
when she looked to her perishing family and had within
her grasp the means of saving them for a while.
The LORD Mescoa—But why, if you were in such ne-
cessity, did you not apply to the union? The relieving
officers could nowhere be insensible to such an appeal.
The prisoner—My Lord, I did apply to the relieving-
officer in Bermondsey, where we live, but he slammed
the door is my face. and refused to give me any assist-
ance. I hope your Lordship will forgive me. It is the
first dishonest action I ever committed, and it shall be
the last, whatever may be the consequence.
The LORD MAYOR —Officer, have you made any in-
quiry into this case ? The policeman—l went, my Lord,
to the place in which the prisoner resides, and I found
there was the .most miserable poverty in the room.
There was an ol.i bedstead, on which there was a little
straw, but no clothes whatever. On the straw the pri-
soner's husband lay labouring with a disease of the hip,
and at the foot of the bedstead were two wretched chil-
dren. All the furniture in the plam consisted of two
broken-down chairs, and the man, at my request, got
up and lighted a match, and I looked round and saw that
there was not a morsel of food there. L was alto-
gether a melancholy sight.
The prisoner—My husband was in the employment of
a respectable tradesman in Easteheap, who knows his
good character, and would still employ him, but has been
obliged to take into his service a person better able to
work in the business. We have three children at home,
and we have not a bit to eat, and I came out to get
something, when I fell into this misfortune.

There is some curious analogy in the above, inasmuch
that Mr. Taylor followed up the observations of Sir
James.

The City apprentices of the present day will read the
following with no great love of the " good old times:"—
"In the year 1582, the luxury of the times having
greatly prevailed among people of all degrees, in their
apparel, particularly by apprentices, the Lord Mayor
and Common Council enacted, that no apprentice
whatsoever should presume, 1. To wear any
apparel but what he receives from his mas-
ter. 2. To wear no hat, nor anything but a woollen
cap, without any silk in or about the same. 3. To wear
neither reffil2s, cuffs, loose collars, nor anything than
a ruff at the collar, and that only of a yard and a half
long. 4. To wear no doublets but what are made of
canvas, fustian, sackcloth, English leather, or woollen,
without any gold, silver, or silk trimming. 5. To wear
no other coloured cloth, or kersey, in hose or stockings,
than white, blue, or russet. 6. To wear no other breeches
but what shall be of the same stuffs as the
doublets, and neither stitched, laced, or bordered. 7.
To wear no other than a plain upper coat, of cloth or
leather, without pinking, stitching, edging, or silk
about it. To wear no other surtout than a cloth
gown or cloak, lined or faced with cloth, cotton, or
baize, with a fixed round collar, without stiching,
guarding, lace, or silk. 9. To wear no pumps,
slippers, or shoes, but of English leather
without being pinked, edged, or stitched; nor girdles,
nor garters, other than of crewel, woollen, thread, or
leather, without being garnished. 10. To wear no
sword, dagger, or other weapon but a knife; nor a
ring, jewel of gold nor silver, nor silk in any part of
his apparel, on pain of being punished at the dis-
cretion of the master for the first offence; to be pub-
lickly whipped at the hall of his company for a second
offence; and to serve six months longer than speci-
fied in his indentures for a third offence." And it was
further enacted, " That no apprentice should frequent
or go to any dancing, fencing, or musical schools; nor
keep any chest, press, or other place for keeping of ap-
parel or goods, but in his master's house, under the
penalties aforesaid."

The policeman—l called upon the tradesman she
speaks of, my Lord, and I find that what she says is true.
The gentleman told me if ho hal any jobs to do he would
willingly give them to the man, whom he believed to be
honest, and knew to be industrious.

The LORD MAYOR (to the prisoner)—llow have you
been sustaining life? The prisouer—We have got a
loaf of bread now and then.

The Loan Mevort—Anything else? The prisoner—
A little cold tea; nothing more. I have been under me-
dical care, but the doctor told me there was no use in
prescribing for me, for it was not physic, but food, that
I wanted. If your Lordship will send a woman with me
into the next room, I'll soon show her that the clothes I
wear cover not a living body, but a living skeleton.
The simple statement of the unhappy creature evi-
dently affected the crowd in the justice-room. Her
apprehension appeared to be a permanent separation from
her family, and she again and again entreated forgive-
ness, and vowed that she would " sin no more."
The LORD MAYOR directed that immediate relief
should be given to the prisoner and her family, where-
epvoewretrhfueyl- a might be; buep;onthtahte sympathies of the benevolent.she should be at once, released
from custody; and that more particular inquiries should
be made into circumstances which seemed to have so
GUILDHALL.
James Gilbert, publisher, of 49, Paternoster-row, ap-
peared yesterday to answer an information charging him
with neglecting to conform to the Copyright Act, which
directs that a copy of every new work that is
.published
shall be sent to the British Museum.
Sir PETER LAURIE said it was evident that defendant
had violated the Act of Parliament, and had thereby
rendered
i himselflber t paid liathhie
to penalties. lie would fine him
money, and said that for the '
in the mitigated penalty of 2/. 10s. and costs, making
altogether 41. lOs.
bin. Gilbert
future he would appoint one of his men to attend to that
department—of regularly forwarding copies of all new
works as soon as published to the BrNsia Museum.

Sack was the state of " apprenticeship" in the year
582.

GERMANY.

The following message has been communicated by
the King cf Hanover's Government to the Diet of
that kingdom :

" The conduct of his Majesty Government with re-
spect to the affairs of Germany has been guided by
those general principles of justice which the Government
ascertained by a conscientious examination of the facts
of the case. The sudden and various events (Week-
selfille) have made such an examination difficult in the
extreme. But the conviction to which we always re-
turned remained unaltered—vis., that the law and the
constitution of Germany exist according to the contents
of the fundamental principles and the constitutional re-
solutions of the Germanic Confederation; that this law
excludes exceptional laws which have been repealed in a
constitutional manner, and that it includes the fulfilment
of promises constitutionally made and given. The Ger-
manic Confed?ration, though its indissoluble character
was recognised by fundamental laws, was, in consequence
of the events of 1848 and 1849, deprived of the organ of
its joint volition (Gcsant-willen). The suspensions of
the functions of such an organ exerted a most lamentable
influence.

Perfect valour consists in doing, without witnesses,
all we should be capable of doing before the whole world
—Eliza cook's Journal.

ns
Tubbs, b'sif, s t
WisnEcn.-11.1EsmEnism. Considerable interest
of Cpwell, on two occasions : the
has been excited in this locality by the very remarkable
uh
reg
elonnfluence of mesmerism adduced by
,
first was in a lecture devoted to the subject delivered to the
Amiar.nivvfe.stla,.ti
members of the Wisbech Scientific Institution; and the se-
cond in connexion with a musical display in the concert-
room, in which one of the persons operated upon by Mr.
Tubbs exhibited the imitative faculty in a very astonishing;
degree, by following with exact tone and time various melo-
dies which were given by a professional singer. In our re•
port of Mr. Tubbs' lecture, several instances were relate d of
remarkable cures effect,:d in the mesmeric state, and the
living subjects were produced to the audience in corrobora-
tion of the statements of the lecturer. A very curious
in-
stance has just been presented : a man named Minoto, wit°
has been a cripple for a very long time, and unable to benk 1
his legs for seven years past, has given proofs of the proba..
bility of at least a partial restoration of the use of those
limbs. The first and second experiments were made in the
presence of the Rev. T. I'. Holmes, who expressed himself
perfectly satisfied that a very extraordinary effect was pro- ,
duced, although his impression upon the subject was pre-
viously unfavourable. Other instances of cure are mentioned.
—Stamford acrcury.

" To supply the want thus created, the Government
sent a Royal Commissioner to the Plenar Assembly of
the Confederation which was convened on the 10th of
May, 1850, and to the Federal Assembly which met on
the 2d cf September of the same year. But when the
Government was summoned to take part in the Federal
Assembly, its consent was tanked to the solemn assurance
that it was not the object of that Assembly to return to
the old condition and the old forms, but that its object
was to remodel the Confederation according to the ne-
cessities of the time, and in the meanwhile to guarantee
the superiutendenea over the common affairs of the
German countries, so as to assert their dignity and WI.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

Mr. Cowan, from Ulverstone; by Mr. Ellis, from Lei-
cester; by Mr. Slaney, from Dover; by Air. Osborne;
from Brentford; by Mr. Ewart, from Dumfries; by Mr.
H. Berkeley, from the proprietors of Felix Farlcy's
.leu,-nal; by Mr. Lushintton, from Devonshire.
Petitions against the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill were
presented from the counties Monaghan and Antrim by Mr.
S. Crawford; from Youghal by Mr. Fagan; from county
of Dublin by Mr. Reynolds; and from several places in
Ireland by Lord Naas.
Lord RENDELSUAM presented a petition from a
place in Norfolk praying for the establishment of
county financial boards.
Mr. STANLEY presented a petition praying the
House to pass some measure for the relief of agricul-
tural distress.
Mr. BOOKER presented petitions from several
places in Ireland complaining of agricultural distress.
Mr. M'CULLAGH presented a petition from
Airdrie, in Berwiekshire, and from several other places,
both in Scotland and Ireland, praying that the Roman
Catholic disabilities may not be increased, even if they
are continued.
Mr. Alderman Sidney, Mr. Tufnel!, and Sir William
Ahdy presented petitions for the total and uncondi-
tional abolition of the window-tax.
Mr. HUME presented petitions from the seamen of
Sunderland and Great Yarmouth, complaining of the
effects wrought by the New Merchant Seamen's Act.
They stated that it had in truth reduced them to servi-
tude; they had no alternative but to apply for the I::eriefit
of the poor-laws, for they felt that the law had done
nothing more nor less than place them in the position of
slaves.
Mr. HUME presented petitions from Hull, Mold, and
other places, complaining of the monopoly enjoyed in the
printing of Bibles.
Mr. TENNENT and Mr. Wm]) presented several pe-
titions against the continuance of the income-tax.
Mr. MORGAN JOHN O'CONNELL presented
several petitions from Kerry praying that the Irish
Church might not be injured by the measures of the
Government.
Mr. M. GIBSON presented petitions from Manchester,
and several other places, praying that the sump and
advertisement duties might be remitted, and complain-
ing, especially on the part of one individual, of the Act
of the 6th and 7th William IV., that she had been
very much injured by it.
NOTICES OF MOTION.
Lord NAAS gave notice that this day fortnight he
should move for a Committee of the whole House to in-
quire into the law affecting the levying of duties on home
made spirits in bond.
Colonel SIBTHORP gave notice that if a Bill should
be brought in for a renewal of the income-tax he should
move an exemption in favour of officers in the army and
navy and of tenant farmers.
Mr. WILLIAMS gave notice that this day fortnight
he should submit to the House the motion of which he
had given notice on the first night of the session, namely,
that no portion of the public money should be inter-
cepted on its way to the Treasury, nor should any be
expended without the sanction of Parliament.
Mr. HUME gave notice, that should the House agree
to the income-tax, he would move an amendment limit-
ing its duration to one year, to admit of an inquiry being
instituted into the inequality of the tax, and the injus-
tice of levying the same rate on the terminable as on
perpetual annuities, and on fluctuating means as upon
permanent property.
Mr. ANSTEY gave notice that this day fortnight he
would move a resolution on the subject of the allegation
contained in a petition which was presented on the 14th
inst., by the Hon. Member for Montrose, from Rungo
Bapojee, the agent of the grand guardian of the infant
Raja of Sattara, complaining of a denial of justice before
her Majesty's Court of Privy Council.
PROPERTY AND INCOME-TAX.
Mr. MACGREGOR gave notice of his intention to
move in the Committee of Ways and Means, as an
amendment to any resolution or resolutions for impos-
ing a duty or duties on property or income, that rates of
duty not exceeding the following rates and proportions,
shall be levied, viz..-
" Upon the annual value of all property enumerated in
the Act 5 and 6:Victoria, cap. 35, under Schedule A;aed
upon all the annual dividends or profits of all property
shares or investments :enumerated under Schedule C in
the said Act, and upon the annual profits or gains aris-
ing or accruing to any person residing in Great Britain,
from any kind of property whatever, whether situate in
Great Britain or elsewhere, there shall be charged
yearly-
"A. For all such incomes exceeding the annual value
of 501. and not exceeding 1001., for every 20s. thereof
above 501 the sum of 2d.; exceeding 1001. and not ex-
ceeding 1501., for every 20s. thereof the sum of 2id., and
for every 20s. above 100/. the sum of 24d. additional;
exceeding 1501. and not exceeding 200 r, for every 20s.
thereof the sum of scl„ and for every 20s. above 1501.
the sum of 22d. additional; exceeding 2001. and not ex-
ceeding 3001., for every 20s. thereof the sum of 7td., and
for every 20s. exceeding 2001. the sum of 21d. additional.
Fur all such incomes exceeding 3001., for every 20s.
thereof the sum of 10d.
" B. Upon the annual value of all such properties in
respect to the occupation thereof, as they are enumerated
in Schedule B, 506 Victoria, for every 20s. of the annual
rental exceeding 751. and not exceeding 1504, the sum
of id.; and for every 203. of annual rental exceeding
1501. and upwards the sum ef 2d.
"C. Upon all annual profits or gains arising or accru-
ing to persons residing in Great Britain from any pro-
fession, trade, employment, or vocation, whether the
same be respectively carried on in Great Britain or else-
where; and upon every public office or employment of
profit, and upon every pension, annuity, and stipend
payable by her Majesty or out of the revenue of
the United Kingdom, except annuities charged as enu-
merated under Schedule C of the Act 5 and ,6 Vic.,
chapter 35, there shall be charged as follows, viz.:-
For all profits, gains or income, exceeding the annual
value of 75/. and not exceeding 1501., fur every 20s.
thereof above 75/. the sum of 10.; exceeding 150/. and
not exceeding 200/, for every 20s. thereof the sum of
21d.; and tor every 20s. above 150/. the sum of
lid. additional; exceeding 200/. and not exceed-
ing 300/, for every 20s. the sum of 5d.; and for
every 20s. above 2001. the sum of Id. additional; ex-
ceeding 3001. per annum, for every 20s. the sum of 5d."
Mr. WODEHOUSE gave notice of his intention to
move for certain returns connected with the levying and
assessment of the property-tax.
Mr. MITCHELL gave notice that this day fortnight
he should move the appointment of a Select Committee
to inquire into the constitution of the Board of Customs
EXTRAMURAL INTERMENTS ACT.

HOUSE OF LORDS, Feb. 20.

The LORD CHANCELLOR took his scat on the Woo,
sack at Five o'cicck.
Toe Earl of BANDON presented several petitions
against Papal aggression from places in the county of
Cork.
The Bishop of CHICHESTER presented several pe-
titions against Papal aggression.
Lord BEAUMONT presented a petition from an in-
dividual named Brewer, who was a resident in Canada,
and who complained that letters directed to him had
been intercepted in their passage through the Post-office.
The Earl of PO WIS presented several petitions com-
plaining of agricultural diitress.

Sir DE LACY EVANS asked the First Commissioner
of Woods and Forests when the Board of Health would
be enabled to commence giving effect to the Act of last
session, for the discontinuance of intramural interment.
Lord SEYMOUR said the Board of Health had lost no
time in taking all the preparatory steps which were ne-
cessary before the Act could be brought into operation,
but there were provisions in the Act which required con-
siderable deliberation as to the arrangements which
should be made under them. He hoped, however, before
long the Act would be brought into operation.
DUTY ON CARRIAGES.

In reply to an Horr. MEMBER,
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER stated
it was not hi 4 intention to propose any alteration of the
duty on carriages.
SUPREMACY OF THE CROWN.
Mr. JOHN STUART asked Lord John Russell,
whether any of rite 'law officers of the Crown, for Eng-
land or Scotland or Ireland, had given any opinion to
the effect that, in order to the vindication of the supre-
macy of the Crown against the aggression of the Pope
of Rome, it was necessary or expedient that the
enactment of penalties and tdisabilities against
the Protestant Bishops of the Scotch Episcopal
Church should be submitted for the sanction of Parlia-
ment. Whether, in case any such opinion had been
given, there was any objection to lay a copy of such
opinion before the House.
Lord J. RUSSELL said it was usually the practice of
the Government to ask the opinion of the law officers of
the Crown as to the state of the law when any occasion
arose for doing so, but it was not the practice
to ask their opinion with regard to measures which
the Government might think it necessary to bring be-
fore the House. He had to state in reply to the Hon.

and Learned Member's question, that the Government
had not consulted the law officers of the Crown on the
subject to which he referred.
NATIONAL GALLERY.
Mr. CHARTERIS asked the First Lord of the
Treasury whether it was the intention of the Govern-
ment to take any steps in the present session of Par-
liament with reference to the National Gallery, either as
regarded that portion of the building at present occupied
by the Royal Academy, or with respect to the enlarge-
ment of the building itself?

-I—ordi.RUSSELL replied that it was the intention
of the Government to make certain proposals with re-
gard to the National Gallery, but he was not in a po-
sition to state at present the nature of them.
EXTENSION OF COUNTY COURTS TO
SCOTLAND,
Mr. HUME asked the Secretary of State whether
there was any intention of bringing in a Bill to extend
to Scotland the County Courts for the easy and speedy
recovery of debts under 501.?
Mr. FOX MAULS replied that the existing laws
in Scotland for the recovery of small debts worked very
satisfactorily, and no csmplaints having been made with
respect to it, the Government bad no intention to in-
troduce any Bill to extend the County Courts Act to
Scotland.

NEW CHANCERY ACT.
L.EOGH asked the Attorney-General for Ire-
land if any general rules had been framed in pursuance
of the Chancery Act of last session, and if not, what
had caused the delay, and whether there was any hke-
hhood that they would be soon published?
Mr. HATCHELL said he had sent to Ireland for in-
formation on the subject of the Chancery Act of last
session, and as soon as he received a reply he would
have no hesitation in conveying it to the House.

BREACH OF PRIVILEGE.
Sir J, WILLOUGHBY called the attention of the
Nobla Lord the Member for Bath (Lord Duncan) to
certain expressions which the public journals had re-
ported him to have used at a public meeting. It ap-
peared that the Noble Lord had said the people had r.o
right to express their regret at anything done in the
House of Commons.

Lord DU NC AN bore testimony to the wonderful ac-
curacy with which the proceedings of the House of
Commons and public meetings were reported, but
stated he had been misrepresented by the public
journals in the present instance. What ho saad
was this—that he had been called to order by
the Speaker, and told that the people of England had
no right to ex press their surprise or regret in any
matter under debate in the House of Commons, which
only reached them through the reports in the public
journals, which were not authorised by the House.
LAW OF PARTNERSHIP.
Ada PLAWLX arvt3e t 9 1319y9 1Q § §olect couluitleo