The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-15 00:00:00

LATEST YEWS.

NAPLES, DEC. 13.
The soldier who attempted to assassinate the

King was hanged this morning.

It is alleged against him that he was an insur-
gent in 1848, was amnestied in 1852, and
entered the army by means of forged papers.

All is quiet.

MARSEILLES, DEO. 4.
Despatches from Constantinople of December 4

have arrived.

The English Queen's messenger has been robbed
of his despatches.
The papers speak of letters from Herat, written
after the taking of that town.

The Neuchatel question appears to be assum-
ing a more serious aspect. The Prussian Govern-
ment is said to have communicated a note to the
French Cabinet, and no doubt to the other
parties to the Protocol of 1852, intimating that
as diplomatic negotiations have been of no avail in
bringing the Federal Government of Svfitzerland
to a sense of their injustice, and as no amicable
arrangement was any longer to be hoped, the
King had resolved on trying other measures in
defence of his rights as Prince of Neuchatel. His
Majesty is no doubt apprehensive of disclosures
which may be produced during the trial of the
prisoners.

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.

The royal mail steam ship Niagara, Captain
Wickman, arrived in the Mersey this morning,
with advices from Boston to the 3d, and Halifax
to the sth inst. She brought 61 passengers and
415,600 dole. in specie.
The Arabia arrived at Halifax on the 3d
instant.

The Niagara brings the President's Message.
The President commences by remarking that in
performing the constitutional duties of giving
Congress information on the state of the
Union, he does not do it merely to express
his personal convictions, but as the executive
minister of the Government, called upon to
scan impartially the interests of the whole
country. The condition of these great inter-
ests, the steady progress in private and
public well-being, attests the predominant spirit
of intelligence which has characterised the Ame-
rican people.

Since the last session a Presidential election
has taken place, the explicit and sole act of the
sovereign authority of the Union. It is impos-
sible to misapprehend the great principles which
the people have sanctioned and sustained. They
have asserted the constitutional equality of the
States and the citizens, whatever region or wher-
ever their birth, and proclaimed their devotion
to rights of the different sections of the Union.
In doing this\ they have condemned emphatically
the idea of organising in the United States mere
geographical parties.
The pretences put forth to justify such unor-
ganisation are examined at length, and the con.
sequences to which it inevitably leads are forcibly
portrayed.
The long series of aggressions against the con-
stitutional rights of one-half the States are next
reviewed—the first step in the question of negro
emancipation ; the second step in the proceedings
relative to the extradition of fugitive slaves ; the
third stage the question relating to the organisa-
tion of territorial governments.
In connection with the latter is the Kansas
question. The Message vindicates in a strong and
unanswerable manner the action of Congress in
relation to the organisation of the Nebraska and
Kansas territories; goes over the causes of the dif-
ficulties in the latter, which were not owing to the
provisions of organic law, but to the unjust inter-
ference of persons not inhabiting the territory.
Such interference, wherever it has exhibited itself
by acts of an insurrectionary character, or of
obstructions to processes of law, has been repelled
or suppressed by all the means which the con-
stitution and the law placed in the hands of
the executive. The President states that he has
no power to interfere in local elections to see to
their freedom, to decide on the legality of the
votes ; he has no more power in the territories
than ho has in the States. If he had such power
the Government might be republican in form, but
it would be a monarchy in fact ; and if he had
undertaken to exercise it in the case of Kansas he
would have been justly subject to the charge of
usurpation, and of violation of the dearest rights
of the people of the United States. This very
able portion of the Message closes by expressing
the confident trust, that as the restored peace in
Kansas affords opportunity for wise legislation,
either the Legislative Assembly of the territory
or Congress will see that no act shall remain on
its statute-book violative of the constitution, or
subversive of the objects for which it was
ordained, and will take all other necessary steps
to assure to its inhabitants the enjoyment, without
obstruction or abridgment, of all the constitutional
rights of citizens of the United States, as con-
templated by the organic law of the territory.T
The financial exhibit is a proud one. The
for the
here-
ceipts into the Treasury, from al soue
76,
918,141
fiscal year ending July 1, 1855,
dol., which, with the balanceTwhteehex
ren in hand,
peuditure,
amounted to 92,250,117 dol.
üblic debt
01. p, was
including 12,776,390 d
72,948,792 del- The total of thei public debt is
now reduced to 30,737,129 ci 0., the whole of
which might be paid in one year without embar-
rassment to the public service, but being not yet
due, the Government cannot press the holders of
stock to part with it. The annual expenditures
for the past five years have been 48,000,000 dol.,
and the average expenditures for the next five
years need not exceed this amount. Now the
revenue from Customs has reached the great figure
of 64,000,000 dol., and the President recommends
such a revision of revenue laws, according to the
views of the Secretary of the Treasury, as will
prevent the receipts from the Customs from
exceeding 50,000,000 dol. These are facts that
speak volumes to old world Governments. The
army during the past year has found constant
employment against the Indians in the Oregon
and Washington territories, and with so
much
ruthche
effect as to warrant the hope of peace
future. Additional legislation is renewedly re-
commended to remedy defects in organisation, and
to increase the military armament. The navy ex-
hibits most gratifying evidence of increased vigour,
the execution of the law of 1855 to promote its
efficiency having been attended with advantageous
results. Suggestions are made for its further
improvement. The sales of the public lands lasi)
year amounted to 9,227,878 acres, yielding
8,821,414 dols. The whole number of acres locat-
ed were 30,100;230- -Various improvements sug-
gested by the Secretary of the Interior are recom-
mended. The Post-office expenditure for the past
year was 10,407,868 do's., the receipts 7,620 801
dols., the deficit 2,787,045 dols. This deficit
is ascribed to the law of 1854, giving increased
compensation to postmasters, to the increase of
mail routes and railroad service, and the reduced
rates of postage. Recommendations are made of
new mail contracts on the routes to the Pacific.
The Message then treats of our foreign relations,
and states that the United States are on terms of
amity with all other nations. The relations with
Great Britain are of a satisfactory character.
The enlistment question is settled. A treaty
just concluded by the Minister in London, if