The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-20 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

Edgar Bardon. By William Knighton, M.A.,
author of "Forest Life in Ceylon." 3 vols.
Hurst and Blackett.

sent time. We heartily subscribe to the sugges-
tion offered in the first paragraph :
" We have often thought that if our Reviews would
devote some portion of that space which is freely given
up to disquisitions on the institutions of other times and
countries, to the presentation, in a condensed form, of
the vast amount of useful, important, and interesting in-
formation contained is the valuable Reports of the
various public offices, printed each year by order of the
Legislature, the public service would gain in , opularity,
and the public would gain a fitting knowledge of the pro-
gress and position of those establishments which the
nation supports."
We have in 'this article instructive and copious
details of the management and general working of
the Post-office. We learn amid innumerable con-
densations of intelligence that 22,547 officers and
servants are attached to this vast commercial de-
partment, 2,800 of whom belong to the chief-office
in London ; exclusive of agents in foreign coun-
tries, and that there are 10,498 Post-offices in the
United Kingdom.
Cupid appears to be one of the most active re-
tainers on the staff, for Valentine week affords an
influx of 80,000 letters. There was an increase of
13 millions of letters last year, the number of let-
ters sent to the Dead Letter•office was 2,400,000,
and the number of newspapers deposited at the
same depot was 600,000.
It appears that the Postmasters-general daring
the time of the wars with France were quite as
much troubled with strange matters consigned to
their care for conveyance, as we read of occa-
sionally now. For instance, we find in the list :

This is an autobiographical novel, and furnishes
an interesting subject for perusal. There are vari-
ous people met with, some of whom are wellpor-
trayed. The gentle aunt Honor, who was like a
a guardian angel to the unfortunate children of
her sister, and the fierce and harsh father, Mr.
Bardon, are life-like sketches. Mr. Tupsemuch
is more unusual, being in many points rather ori-
ginal, but he is an excellent character, his quaint-
ness of deportment and oddity of taste not being
able to tarnish the innate worth of the man, nei-
ther depriving his heart of its warmth, nor his na-
ture from its genial and true development. He
was the friend of aunt Honor, and for her sake he
took a lively interest in her nephew and niece.
Sc me of their happiest remembrances were those of
their childhood, which was watched over by their
benign aunt, and cheered by her eccentric acquaint-
ance. The account of their visit to the old bache-
lor's domicile, where were collected the treasures
of his solitude, all the curiosities he could discover
in the shape of old relics and articles of vertu, of
every class and character, is very ludicrous. He
kept on accumulating his hordes till space failed,
and he had to contrive impossibilities to effect the
entrance of new ones. It was not the fate of theme
fr hinds to complete the term of their earthly course
in the tranquil interchange of the courtesies of
social life. Disappointed by the intervention of rela-
tives from forming in youth a closer tie, they had
fc tndly hoped to close their years in peace, but it
was far otherwise. As the children grew up, and
E cigar Bardon, the hero of the tale, was about to
be fixed in some profession, the father, who was
of a disagreeable temper, and had embittered many
an hour of early youth to his children, contracted a
cond marriage with a haughty, imperious woman.
3/ass Particle, the lady in question, was the sister
of! the master of the school to which Edgar had
been in his early days. She became his enemy
titian, and ever remained so. It did not matter to
km, however, who ruled at home when he was in
India ; but the tidings- struck a death-blow to the
unhappy aunt, and overshadowed the path of
Emma, her niece. Fortunately for the former, her
troubles were nearly over when the intelligence of
the ceremony reached her. For months the pros-
pect had weighed on her mind, but a peaceful death
r smoved her from the scene where her enemy would
b eve persecuted her to thereat the wicked may not
disturb. Aunt Honor was a nameless martyr,
sacrificed in youth and slighted in later years, but
si ie contrived to direct her steps in such a way that
her life was more useful to others than many a
happy one has proved. The life of Emma Bardon
was not much more fortunate. If she had for a
id w years some enjoyment, her troubles were
eavier and her anxieties were more than double.
k' the was attached to a Polish Count. Her father
c pposed her union with this noble man, with whom
Le could find no fault, and insisted on her being
married to a friend of his in business. After her
urint's death Emma Bardon remained in France,
w here she again met with Count Kofalevski. She
thought she had no duty at home to her father,
who had forsaken her, nor to her brother, about to
.epart for India. She therefore having informed
1 ter father of her intention was married to the
Count, and went to his castle in Poland. There,
niter a few years, the unhappy Count fell a victim
to the cruelty of Russian tryanny. What little is
mentioned of him is pleasing ; he appears a genuine
enthusiastic lover of his country, and kind-hearted
send generous. Edgar, the hero, is rather of a fickle
riispolitien. He was led away by first impressions,
sill not always constant in his good resolves when
he had forme I tuiem. His adventures in India are
varied arid excising, and his acquaintance
with the Signora proves the danger of being
connected with a treacherous end deceitful set. The
consequences of having entered the wily circle of
General Cardani were net easily surmounted, and
was long More Edgar could undeceive Miss
.Perry, Lie English friend, to whom he had been
engaged befole embarking, as to the non-existence
of any attachment to the Italian. Maria Perry is
-of a quiet, unassuming nature, very different to
:Emma Bardon in intelligence and spirit, but pleas-
ing and gentle, and determined when she Lad
made up her mind. Tile character of Mrs. Bardon
the second is a good sketch of a strong-minded
woman, such it was her pride to be considered,
-and woe to the weak minds who came in her way,
whether, like Mr. Bardon, they were deceived by
Seer vaunted superiority, or, like his gentle sister,
"they were an obstacle to her progress. There was
retributive justice meted out to the tyrant, when
)1e was tyrannised over. She drove away his chil-
slren, repulsed his friends, and subverted his estab-
lishment. On the whole, ample scope is given in
the narrative fir the introduction of exciting
scenes, and strange incidents, as well as events of
.a cotter style, ancl. p2r olages of a higher nature.
The story is written with spirit and animation.

" Imprimis.--‘ Fifteen couple of hounds going to the
King of the Romans with a free pass'
"Item.—` A box containing three pounds of tea, sent
as a present by my Lady Arlington to the Queen
Dowager of England at Lisbon.'
"Item.—' A case of knives and forks for Mr. Step-
ney, her Majesty's Envoy to the King of Holland.'
"Item.—` A box of medicines for my Lord Galway in
Portugal.'
" Item.—' A deal case with four flitches of bacon for
Mr. Pennington, of Rotterdam.' "
Altogether this article claims attentive perusal,
and fully illustrates the line of the modern song—

"What a wonderful man tha postman is."

An important and competent digest of the " Con-
vict" subject, touching " Transportation and Re-
formatories," is presented to us, wherein the diffi-
culties attending th 3 question as to which is the
most proper and redeeming treatment of criminals
are ably met. These chief papers, with a variety
of others, render The Irish Quarterly as excellent
and welcome as ever.

The National Review. Chapman and Hall.
In the table of contents we meet this month
with an interesting selection of topics. The open-
ing article takes for its subject the " Gowrie Con-
spiracy," one of those mysterious events in history
which perplexed all contemporary sagacity, and
which the collective wisdom of posterity has failed
to unravel. To all lovers of historical research
the paper offers considerable attractions, for it is
written in a fair and impartial spirit, and
the writer has evidently been at some pains
in collecting the evidence, though he is himself
unable to express a decided opinion. His suppo-
sition, however, appears to possess the merit of
probability. The picture he draws of the wild and
disordered state of the Scottish kingdom fully dis-
plays the total inability of the weak-minded and
pedantic, though well-meaning, king to cope with
his unruly nobles and prejudiced people. A criti-
cism on M. Victor Cousin's recent work on the
illustrious women of the 17th century renders full
justice to its ability and attractions. Special reve-
rence is paid to Madame de Hautefort, afterwards
Duchess de Schomberg, one of those rare examples
of high principle and nobility of mind that the
most different tastes admire and the most opposite
critics approve. The present writer can only find
one companion to her in history in the person of
our own Lady Rachel Russell. This criticism is
followed by the longest, and perhaps most remark-
able article in the number. It is entitled " Percy
Bysshe Shelley," and is devoted to a careful and
elaborate analysis of the psychological and mental
peculiarities of that poet. Though without much
enthusiasm for his poetry, the author appears to
have deeply.studied the eccentricities belonging to
his temperament, and is doubtless correct in many
of his deductions. Many of his remarks, tee, are just
and striking, as ie the distinction he draws between
the efforts of fancy and imagination, and in the
comparison between the poetry of SLelley and
Keats. Most of the readers of Shelley will doubt-
less join with the critic in regretting that he be-
stowed so much of his time and labour on long
poems, while all his happiest efforts are either
tr.agmenta.ry or lyrical. His two beautiful odes,
" The Cloud" and. "-The Skylark," are sufficient to
prove how great were his powers of lyrical compo-
sition. Do Fee, as a novelist, affords the subject
of another literary article, which summons before
the tribunal of criticism one who has long become
iiadependeet or it ; for who could make "
son Crusoe" unpopuler ? The writer, however,
more inclined to attribute its universal success to
the subject than to the writer, though he
admits the genius of the writer, and remarks
that there must be something very singular in a
work that both the, chimney-sweep and the peer
can read and find interesting, but he asserts that
the same man has exercised the same power
over more complex incidents, and the works are
little read. A papr on the present state and
prospects of Italy will be interesting to the poli-
tician.

Men, of the Bout. Ary;m3 B. TtQach.
Wonderful Peop. By Horace Mavho v.
Sketches of English, Charader. By Mrs. Gore.
Ward arid Lock, Fieet-street.

These cheap volumes are essentially " very "
liglrt reading—so light that the greatest lover of
such productions may possibly he induced to wish
they were a degree heavier. Mr. Reach's pages
may be skit inaed. by the eye as rhe shallow pool is
by the insect, the attention of both being equally
ephemeral. Wonderful People, by Home,' May-
Lew, is somewhat more attractive ; as a specimen
,of the average tono we give the following from
" The Model Governess :"

" The whole life of the governess is a living sermon upon
the holy text of the forgiveness of injuries. Her amuse-
ments are few ; for singing cannot be called singing when
it is done by command, and dancing is but sorry dancing
when you are requested to join in it merely to till up a side-
couple. Her accomplishments, however, are manifold,
though exercised for the benefit of others.
"She is an Encyclopaedia in bombazeen, which must be
ready to be referred to at a moment's notice by every one
in the house upon every possible and impossible science,
including the very latest improvements, corrections, and
additions that may have taken place in philosophy, poetry,
or puddings. She plays the harp, piano, and accordion ;
teaches calisthenics and hair-curling, dances the newest
fashionable dances, from Bohemia or Andalusia; under-
stands glove-cies/I'aq and dressmaking ; is clever at Berlin
wool-work ; in short, must have every female accomplish-
ment at bar fingers' ends. She knows eight to ten lan-
guages, but mustn't talk unlesis spoken to. Her greatest
talent should be displayed in listening cleverly. Her sym-
pathy should be all on one aide, like the Irishman's una-
nimity. She must have no views of her own, but only
reflect, like a looking-glass, those of the person who is con-
sulting her. Her whole life is a heritage of petty mean-
nesses. She has not the consideration that is paid to a
cook, and very frequently not half the wages that are paid
to a housemaid; in fact, the housemaid has the advantage
of the two, fa- she is entitled to at least a month's warn-
ing, whereas the poor governess is often dismissed at a mo-
ment's notice. The Model G werness is literally the maid-
of-all-work of fashionable socibty. Ladies, think of your
own daughters, and treat hoc kindly !"

1i 1 LANi).

Mrs. Gore's sketches is by far the best of this
trio of evenescent "trifles." We get a few more
of the individualising ratifies, and a smack of the
alcoholic esprit, so necessary to facilitate the di-
gesting of many literary confections. Mrs. Gore
possesses a masterly hand in delineating the most
ostensible characteristics of society ; and, while
freely availing herself of the licence of exaggerating
loquacity, seldom loses sight of a wholesome and
perspicuous meaning. This short extract from her
gossiping discussion, touching " The Banker," we
think, will illustrate our opinions :
" Be it noticed, among the notabilia of the moneyed
world, that there are in London one or more bankinc,
houses, whose books of business extend back from the
reign of Victoria to that of Elizabeth, where, under the
name of goldsmiths, curious items of credit appear therein,
such as goblets, tankards, and apostle spoons. These books
constitute invaluable historical archives, besides conveyiny
a patent of commercial nobility; when, as in certain in.
stances we could point out, the banker of to-day descends
in direct line, and inherits the identical patronymic of the
goldsmith his ancestor.
" This is the very legitimacy and conservatism of the
i
kingdom of Mammon. This s, an indisputable attestation
of hereditary prudence and probity. Such a standing in
l life becomes a sort of second conscience. Three
commercial
trustworthiness ! Twelve reigns of financial
discretionrlcenturies
It amounts in business-life to a barony con-
nected with Magna Charta in the
7rst
lidoecniraitgioc
d
" Most of the prominent s, however,
are men of yesterday—individuals whom Fortune has
rolled rolled to, the top of her wheel by a single turn, perhaps to
be rolled back again with similar precipitation. The
greatest JeWish names in the moneyed world are names
unknown to the eighteenth century, and which the nine-
teenth may be reserving to point a moral, and adorn a
tale.'
" Even Puotlischild commenced his prosperity at }:rank-
fort at the coronation of the late Emperor of Austria, by
selling copper medals commemorative of the event (in
company with his sister), at a beer-house of the city.
"The thriving London banker of the Coutts order is, in
fact, a Sir Oracle. Your Privy Councillor 'sings small to
him—your learned magistrate defers to his decree—the
thews and sinews of the war of life lie at his disposal. At
Ins nod the sluice gates close or open which control the fate
of a country and the destinies of thousands. Thu Sultan
a not more absolute. When he concedes the world ap-
plauds his liberality—when he withholds, his prudence.
tli 4 penuriousness is foresight—his weakness' magnanimity.
Whether close-fisted or open a
great banker can do no
e-, till his docket is struck).
"The life, influence, and connections of Coutts will one
day become historical; conveying a great moral lesion as
regards the frailties at which the worshippers of Mammon,
even of ,the highest grade,
wi.l connive, in pursuance of
gill strain at
,thaenig usawtasubouwzzi
theilg
their idolatry—how they
round the head of unintluential ry,
camels forced upon them by a rich banker."

DUBLIN, SATURDAY MORNING.

IRISH RAILWAY PROGRESS.

The ceremony of opening the branch line of the
Belfast and Ballymena Railway to Cookstown, on
Tnursday last, was perfirmed by the Earl of Car-
lisle, and a goodly array of the nobility and gentry
of the district took part in the day's proceedings.
At the de jeuner which followed his Excellency de-
livered one of his usual felicitous speeches, which,
however, like all similar addresses, was suited to
the special audience, and confined to matters of
purely local interest. Here is an extract :
"It does seem to me that the opening of a new rail-
way communication in a district which has not hitherto
partaken of its advantages is a most fair occasion for
public rejoicing and social festivities. (Applause.) For
just think how much the proceeding in which we have
joined really comprises ? I leave out of consideration
for the moment the calculations of mere profit and future
dividends, all very important and interesting matters in
their proper place and season, but such as the directors
and s'tareholders may be safely left to arrange together.
(sear, bear.) I leave out of view, too, what might
seem to smell ton much of my own shop—the advan-
tages which railway communication may contribute to
the peace of the country in carrying military and police
for the repression of outbreak or the detection of crime ;
for what need have we to think of outbreak and crime
in connection with a district so justly distinguished by
peacefulness, industry, and habitual tranquillity as
that which lies between Randalstown and Cookstown ?
(Cheers.) But think upon the kindly ministrations of
usefulness and benevolence which a line of railway
in its ordinary every-day operation is in .the habit
of discharging—how it brings the homeward-hound
father, or husband, or son yet more speedily to
the straining eye and impatient embrace of those ho so
long loved and longel for—(applause)—how so much
time the earlier comes the skilful physician or surgeon,
so as just to set the limb or save the life—(hear)—bow
it may summon the poor sorrowing relative just in season
to catch the dying glance and receive the parting blessing.
(Cheers.) These are the operations which the railway
may daily bring more and more close to all our hearths
and homes ; and ought we not to bless that wisp order-
ing of human actions and motives which may make our,
moat eager speculations and cur most sharp-sighted
interests thus contribute to support new treasure 4 of
activity and plenty between extensive neighbourt_Loodp,
and to promote offices of bounty and love :among a
thousand families ?" (Cheers.)

Among the guests present at the dejeuner was
Mr. Dargan, the constructor of the line, and who
replied to the toast of " Win. Dargan and the Irish
Railway Interest."

THE TIPPERARY BANS.
The scene of litigation in the affairf; of this
wretched swindle has been shifted from t the metro-
politan to the provincial stage, only, however, to be
renewed upon tho old boards on Monday 1 lest, and
d
played out probably
firing the whole of the ensu-
ing
Thursday evening, states that there wo re several
promissory notes, a t the suit
actions pending
of the official manarrers for debts due to the bank,
tried that day bbeefeoure'rteiredant Howley ; and the
as
to sue point having
suwehne.
ptohnertbtehme
officialwitn tmtahnnai
their
manager
havingsas empoweredbee n
previously en dorsed to
him the learned sergeant reserved his decision
pending that of the superior courts of cut mon law
in Dublin, where similar actions are awai ting final
ijudication.
It may be as well to inform the phala
I
(x of can-
didates for the seat in Parliament to be, ,seated by
mustb
the outlawry of Mr. James Sadleir tha. -
months from the commencement of flex .
t Tx dreary
term n
elapse before the new writ for Tipp( irary ca
applied for, the forms of law to be g( )no through
e
requiring that period for the completion : of the le;;a1
process preliminary to the question ( if expulsion
being brought under the notice of the 1 onourable
House.

Irish Quarterly Review.
This number opens with an:article on the " Odd
Phases in Literature," which is well Worthy of
perusal. The second piper is interesting and
valuable to general readers, being devoted to the
history- and statistics of " The Post-office," from
the period of the wars with the Roses to this pre-

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXIIIBITIpN.—Amoni 4 the late
additions here is a portrait of her Majesty thi a Queen of
Spaia, and, in consequence of the passing evd nts in the
Peninsula, this figure has excited great attei ition from
the visitors. Mau novelties are, we understm id, in pro-
gress, and will soon be ready for exhibition.

naE SUN, LONDON*, MONDAY EVENING O.CTOBER 20, 1856.

past, and of the abatement whereof there is no
apparent prospect.

preachers (other preachers are not often so honest)
confessed they did not understand the subject so
well as those who listened to them ; but Mr.
MELVILLE (he of the golden lecture, if we remem-
ber aright) tells us that error taught by a
" successor of the Apostles" will do us good, "the
ordination converting the poison into food." So our
farmers seem to think ; for they listened with
patience to heresy, and with cheers to appeals
to prej udiee ; but did not, as mere agricultural
laymen, venture to trespass on the divine right
of lanllords to teach farmers.

Nor does this constant " leakage " by any
means represent the full amount of the mischief.
As we have repeatedly pointed out, hoarding is
the inseparable incident of a metallic currency,
the intrinsic value whereof is anything approach-
ing to its current or nominal value. When
apprehensions may reasonably be entertained
that the supply will be insufficient for
general use, every person endeavours to
take care of himself. He thinks little of the in-
terests of the community so long as he can make
himself safe. No. lis all he looks to. It is the
illustration of the scanty coverlid alluded to by
LOCKE, of which every one strives to secure the
lion's share for his own use, heedless of the
sufferings of his shivering brethren. Thus, in
France alone, it is calculated that silver to the
amount of no less than 60,000,0001. sterling has
been withdrawn from circulation, while a large
amount has also found its way to the melting-pot
throughout the entire Continent. Interest has
been raised to the most exorbitant rate, but' in ,
vain ; the old-fashioned remedy has been found
utterly inadequate to subdue the disease, and it is
obvious to every unprejudiced person that more
vigorous means must be adopted in order to meet
the rapidly approaching crisis ?
It is but justice to the Board of Commerce of
Hamburg to say that, being thoroughly convinced
of the necessity of an alteration in the existing law,
they have acted promptlyand vigorously. It is true
that as yet they have merely recommended the
substitution of a gold for a silver standard ! But
that for Hamburg, taking the long existing pre-
judices into account, is as great an alteration as
the issuing of national notes of small denomina-
tions, based on taxation in place of bullion, would
be in this country. It would be regarded with a
holy horror by the Mercators of the free Republic,
not merely for what it effected as for that to which
it might probably lead. It is, in fact, the intro-
duction of " the sharp end of the wedge," that
must be followed by important monetary reforms
throughout the entire Continent, and also in Great
Britain. Indeed we may say that the latter are
rendered indispensable by the increased de-
mand for gold which will follow its esta-
blishment as the regular standard in Hamburg
and Germany. If with such ample warning we
neglect the obvious precautionary measures we
shall only haye ourselves to blame for the pecu-
niary losses and misery that must necessarily
en sue.

But how is this ? Are there really not as
many educated farmers capable of making a tell-
ing speech on their own business as there are
landlords in the same extent of country ? All
other classes of Englishmen, down to the manu-

factoring operative, furnish good speakers, on
what they do understand, and declaimers even
rather too effective on what they do not under-
stand. Do the green fields dispose to thought
and reflection, and indispose to utterance of
thought ? Certainly QIIINCTILIAN does prefer the
cell to the beauties of nature for the orator's
plats of study. Still, few will blame the fields for
the taciturnity of their cultivators. Is it want of
matter ? Certainly not ; the topics on which the

landlords of all orders descant on these occa-
sions are those more familiar to the farmers than

to their Lords. Neither is it exactly the want of
education, for there are educated men among
farmers—and with Englishmen, everywhere,
vigorous good sense and shrewd telling remarks
will, even with the educated, more than atone for
delinquencies against MURRAY, and be much pre-
ferred to polished or trite inanity.

We suspect the real cause of bucolic silence to
be, the relation of landlord and. tenant. The same
cause as makes farmers afraid to tell the
amount of their produce to the collector of Agri-
cultural Statistics, renders them mute before
their landlords. Subjects of every kind are reticent

before their masters. Liberty and independence
are essential to free speech. Who ever heard of
a great orator in an absolute Monarchy ? There
are, it is said, some four hundred Agricultural
Societies in England, yet how rare is it to hear
farmers speak at all, and how much more rare to
hear them point out the mischiefs of yearly
tenures, and stringent covenants, and game pre-
serving. We do not know that we ever saw the
proposal by a farmer that farms should be let, as
land is for building, for 70 or 90 years ; yet
obviously no cultivator, any more than a builder,
could lay out much money on a piece of land
without a certainty of enjoying the fruits of his

The object of Hamburg is obviously to liberate
the enormous mass of silver lying idle and un-
productive in the Bank coffers. By that libera-
tion they will render many millions available for
their foreign trade, and thus alleviate the intense
pressure that has led to so many disastrous results
withinthelastfive years. A similar effect would be
produced in England by the introduction of small
notes of convenient denominations for 1/., 1/. 55.,
1/. 10s., 11. 155., 21., and 31., such as are found
to be so beneficial in Scotland and Ireland. If
these were issued by and on behalf of the Go-
vernment, and thus secured, not merely on all
the accumulated wealth but even the industry of
the nation, there could be no panic or deprecia-
tion. Every. man would willingly receive them,
because he would know that they would satisfy
the claims of the tax collector, and also that he
could readily pass them at their nominal value to
others, who would have to provide for such de-
mands. Two-thirds, at least, of the 40,000,000
to 50,000,000 sovereigns now passing from hand
to hand in the transactions of every-day life would
thus be liberated. The effect would be completely
to abolish the baleful practice of hoarding, which
only prevails during a dearth of money. Gold
and silver, as articles of commerce, would still
come in abundance to our shores, and the value
of money would be no longer subj2ct to those
extraordinary fluctuations that derange the calcu-
lations of the most experienced merchants, and,
according to Mr. COBDEN, have occasioned greater
mischief than the failure of all the banks of issue
that ever stopped payment. Let us then take
time by the forelock, and recollect that " if 'twere
done well, 'twere well it were done quickly."

expenditure. Why should not a fanner, with a
genius for improvement, purchase on, as we may
call it, a building lease, effect his improvements,
and sell his lease, containing only a few reason-
able stipulations, just as in towns we are doing
every day with building land. It is such a sys-
tem alone which will secure the highest cultivation
of the soil.
Yes, but then comes the rub. The successor
to the Normans cares more about the relics of
feudal power than even about his own pocket.
Subservient voters, and dutiful preservers of the
vermin which destroy his turnips, are more prized
than a larger and safer income. On a proper
system of leasing, rents of farms, even without

special laws for landlords, might become as much
prized an investment as ground-rents. But then
the vote would be gone, and Sir ROBERT or Sir
HARRY would no longer be lord of the farmer as
well as lord of the soil. Even the ballot would
be deprived of half its value, for undoubtedly the
farmers are the great class who, above all, need
it. Not one farmer in a hundred now gives an
independent vote. The use of the ballot to him
would be that, after he had overcome the force of
long habit, he would think and vote for himself ;
and when he began to do that, his landlord would
prefer to give him a tease worthy of a freemen.

LATEST NE WS.

IMPORTANT NOTE IN THE
MONITEUR. •
PARIS, MONDAY MORNING.
The following important note appears in the
Moniteur of this day :
" Peace having been concluded, the first care of
the Congress of Paris was to insure the duration
of it.

How is it that we have no farmer orators ?
Ever since Parliament separated, and liberated
the Westminster performers to " star it" in the
provinces, we have had nothing but agricultural
meetings ; and, quality considered, at wonderful
length have we reported the bucolic talk. We
have no movemens abroad ; except, perhaps, a
stolen march on tha Allies by Austria at Galatz or
somewhere, a little camarilla work in Spain
since O'DONNELL'S great villany, and a move to
a bull fight, or back to Paris by the single estate
of France. At home FROST, BESSEMER, and
bullion matters have taken up but little room,
and the Russian Coronation is really over. So
the agriculturists have had the papers pretty
much to themselves. "Agricultural meeting at
-," has been the heading of column after co-
lumn of that uniform small print which all demand
of the papers, but so few read, except in the
locality where the speakers for the occasion re-
side. Perhaps, indeed, the chief readers of the
speeches are the speakers themselves. Well,
after all, it is something to keep up the habit of
public meetings, and the habit of reporting them
too. What would the intellect of France now
give for liberty to discuss any topic whatever, and
whenever a hundred citizens could meet together ;
and for liberty, too, to be reported as they spoke,
when even the speeches of their senators may
only be reported in an abstract, and under the
supervision of the One man who decides what
thoughts may circulate in France. The time may
arrive when Englishmen will be thankful for a
practice become so inveterate that no future SID-
MOUTH or CASTLEREAGH would dare again to inter-
fere with it.

" With this object the Plenipotentiaries inves-
tigated the elements of disturbance that still ex-
isted in Europe ; and they especially directed
their attention to the condition of Italy, Greece,
and Belgium.

" The Court of Naples, alone, has haughtily re-
jected the advice of France and England, though
offered in the most friendly•manner. The mea-
sures of rigour and coercion adopted for a long
time past, as the means of administration by the
Government of the Two Sicilies, agitate Italy and
comprothise the continuance of order in Europe.
Under a conviction of the dangers of such a state
of things, France and England had hoped to ob-
viate them by prudent advice given at an oppor•
tune time. This advice was misunderstood ; and
the Government of the Two Sicilies, closing its
eyes to all evidence, resolved to persist in its fs.tal
course.

"The ill reception accorded to legitimate ob-
servations—an insulting doubt thrown over the
purity of our intentions---offensive language op•
posed to salutary counsels, and finally 'an obsti-
nate refusal—could not allow the longer conti-
nuance of amicable relations.

"This suspension of official intercourse in no
sense constitutes any intervention In internal
affairs, and still less any act of hostility. Never-
theless the security of the subjects of the two
Governments being possibly compromised, the
latter, to provide against such a contingency,
have combined their squadrons ; but they did
not send their ships into the Neapolitan waters,
in order not to give room for erroneous interpre-
tations. This simple measure of eventual pro-
tection, which has no character of menace, can-
not, moreover, be considered as any
support or
encouragement offered to those who seek to shake
the throne of the King of the Two Sicilies."

f Butfar mwehras hassth set raubcske
nuese moofs
fianr
mtehress,e
smr eeee meetings
of farmers is the absence of farmers' speeches.
We do not remember one of them. If they made
any, either they were not worth reporting, or
what w
must
sruesptorted was not worth remembering,
and we
beg to be excused the task of
looking back to refresh our memory. There were
landlords' speeches, however, without end. The
literary landlords, represented by DISRAELI and
Sir EDWARD LYTTON-;—t110 ex-Ministerial land-
lords, by Sir JAMES GRAHAM and Sir JOHN
PAKINGTON—the in-Ministerial by Lord PAN-
MURE, and the very Chancellor of the Exchequer
himself ; and even W. B. has gallantly done his
part, bravely denouncing once more the "Braintree
rabble," and preferring one subservient unquestion-
ing yeoman to the whole of them. Whigs and Tories,
L-Jrds and Squires, and even Reverend Rectors
and Vicars, have all made their speeches on tur-
nips, drainage, statistics, (C 5- ;
but the farmers,
though doubtless not neglecting the wine, only
listened in reverent silence, cr merely uttered re-
sponsive cheers, as the inspiration of the toasts or
au attack on agricultural statistics called them
forth. Indeed we have several times been dis-
posed to fancy these gatherings more like an
agricultural congregation and service than an
ordinary English meeting. Only the landlords,
the ordained successors of the Normans, might
legitimately conduct the service ; many of the

MADRID, OCT. 19.

Numerous replacements are being made in the
superior offices of the finances and in the posts of
Captain-Generals. Harco del Valle has been ap•
pointed Director of Infantry ; Concha, Inspector
of Carabineers ; Baron Meer, President of the
Supreme Tribunal ; Gurrea, Marine.

MARSEILLES, OCT. 19
Accounts from Constantinople announce that
the defeat of the Russians near Laba is confirmed.
Sefer Pacha engaged a force of 30,000 Russians.
The action la-.!ted three hours.
The Russians at an engagement at the passage
of the Kauban lost five guns.
The Presse d' Orient announces the return of the
French naval division.
The establishment of a new bank is proposed,
with a capital of 125 millions of francs, for the
regularisation of the coinage.
The English had undertaken an expedition of
16,000 men into the Persian Gulf, in consequence