The Sun.
London, England, 1851-09-04 00:00:00

THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 4, 1851.

partial conversion to the views of Mr. Bentham had
considerable effect in directing- attention to the subject,
but still five years were allowed to pass away before
the interference of the Legislature was invoked ; and
even in 1833 Parliament could not be induced to go
further than to furnish a method of restoring the
competency of witnesses, who were only so far inter-
ested in the event of an action that the record might,
in a subsequent suit, be evidence for or against them-
selves. In 1836 a further assault was made on the
old law by incompetency, and an Act was passed—
apparently as an experimentum in corpore vili—which
enabled suitors in the Irish Civil Bill Courts to ex-
amine their adversaries on oath. This was followed
in 1840 by an Act extending to Ireland the provisions
of the English Act of 1833 ; and at length, in 1843,
Lord De,nmen brought in his great measure for abo-
lishing the incompetency of witnesses on the score of
interest. Yet, the triumph of Mr. Bentham's opi-
nions was far from complete ; for although Lord Den-
man was pressed by several Law Lords to admit the
evidence of parties, he did not at that time venture to
propose so extensive a change; but, partly with the
view of securing the passage of the Bill, and partly
because he still entertained some misgivings on the
subject, he deemed it prudent to engraft on the mea-
sure a proviso, which excepted from its operation all
parties individually named in the record, as well as all
persons on whose immediate and individual behalf
any action might be brought or defended. In this
shape the Bill passed ; and after an experience of three
years had proved the safety and wisdom of what the
alarmists regarded as a most dangerous innovation,
the Legislature consented to take a further step in the
right direction, and a clause was inserted in the
County Courts' Act of 1846, giving the power of ex-
amining parties in those courts as witnesses both far
and against themselves. The subject was next taken
up by the Law Amendment Society, who, in 1848,
prepared an elaborate report, which recommended
that, except in actions for criminal conversation, " all
parties to the record, whether at law or in equity,
should be competent witnesses in their own favour,
and be liable to compulsory examination at the in-
stance of their opponents." A Bill being prepared in
conformity with these views, Lord Brougham, as the
President of the society, submitted it to the House of
Lords in the following year ; but in consequence of a
threatened opposition in the Commons, at the instance
of Sir John Jervis, the then Attorney-General, he
did not think it expedient to proceed with the mea-
sure daring that session. The same cause deterred
him from pressing it forward in 1850 ; but at length,
Sir John Jervis having been raised to the bench, and
the local judges having all but unanimously reported
that the new law worked admirably in the County
Courts, the Bill was a third time brought in by Lord
Brougham, and passed with signal success. Indeed,
the only voice raised against it in either House was
that of the arch-enemy of law reform, Lord Truro ;
and most persons will regard his opposition to the
measure as a solid proof of its substantial merits.
Such, in a few words, has been the progress of pro-
fessional opinion with respect to this remarkable Act
—a progress which reminds us far more of the mo-
tions of the tortoise than of the activity of the hare,
and which cannot fail to win the confidence of
even the most Conservative portion of the public by
being at the same time slow and sure. To adopt
the vigorous language of Lord Brougham, it is an
Act " calculated no less to, serve the profession
than the suitors—lightening the labour and lessen-
ing the anxiety of the one, while it adds to the se-
curity of the other—shutting the doors of the
courts against litigants who never ought to enter,
and clearing the way for those whom justice should
rather attract than repel." But still, notwith-
standing this justly-deserved euiogium, we shall be
at least as much surprised as pleased if the measure,
when called into active operation on the Ist of No-
vember, has not to encounter a full share of opposi-
tion from some few of the sitters in high places; nor
can we participate in Lord Brougham's "confident
expectation that the legal body, in all its branches,
will receive favourably" his improvement of the law.
That the Act will be hailed with acclamation by all
honest suitors we are wall assured; that a vast ma-
jority both of barristers and attorneys will con-
sider it in the light of a most valuable reform
is equally clear—nay, we entertain little doubt
that a large proportion of the judges themselves
will regard it with favour. In spite, however, of
all these favourably circumstances, it will indeed be
a miracle if the Act escapes some misinterpretation
from the Lord Chief Baron, some technical refine-
ment from Mr. Baron Parke, and a caustic sarcism
from Mr. Justice Maule. Not, indeed, that any ob-
structive practices on the part of any of the judges
will be able to embarrass, in a material degree, the
beneficial operation of the change; for it is one which
rests on the solid foundation of good sense, and is in
strict accordance with the practical experience of
mankind in the daily transactions of life. Judicial
prejudices may, for a short time and to a certain
extent, mar the immediate and entire success of the
measure, bat it must ultimately succeed; and we
feel perfectly persuaded that, at the expiration of five
years from the present time, the only cause for as-
tonishment will be, that the system of evidence
which Lord Brougham's Act has now finally su-
perseded was ever allowed to prevail in our courts of
justice.

ATTEMPTED ESCAPE ofiIACKET.
Captain Bowyer, the chief officer of the New York
Police in London during the Grout Exhibition, received
letters from America by yesterday's post, informing him
of a most daring and determined attempt at escape by
the notorious George Hacket end his confederate, who
are now confined in New Jersey gaol, awaiting their
trial for the plato robbery recently committed by
them on the other side of the Atlantic. It appears,
from Captain Bowyer's information, that one of the
turnkeys, well acquainted with 'Jacket's desperate cha-
racter, had been watching him with more than ordinary
vigilance, and, on going to lock Lim up for the night,
euddenly missed him from the proper place he should
have been in at the time; search was instantly made, and
he was found secreted near one of the outer passages of
the building, ready to avail himself of the first opportu-
nity, and at any and every cost, as he did at Penton-
vine. Suspicion in the mean time was directed towards
his accomplice, and he was also dragged from his hiding-
place by the prison officers when found. On being
searched, a large pointed knife, resembling a couteau de
clause' was discovered in the leg of his pantaloons, though
how ho obtained it is at present a mystery. On this
being brought to light he sulkily exclaimed, "Every
man has his day, and George and me will have curs
yet, for our lives are'nt worth much in this way."
They were both re-conducted by a secret route to dis-
tant and separate coils under very close surveillance,
and ironed till the trial. The woman who accompanied
them from England is also committed for trial, sufficient
evidence having been adduced to connect her as an ac-
complice in, the same robbery.

RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS.
THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.— (Miles in work,24li)
—Return of Traffic for the Week ending Aug 24, 1851:
Passengers, parcels, carriages,
horses, dogs, and mails ...£ 9,038 9 3
Merchandise and minerals 4,023 15 5
Cattle ... ... 236 14 4

Total .. £13,348 19 0
Corresponding week, Aug. 25, 1850 (236 miles) :
Passengers, parcels, Sc. £1,499 16 8
Merchandise, Cattle, &c. ... 1,363 13 10

Total ... £5,863 10 6
LAKCASSIIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAILWAY. (260 miles
open.)—Tragic for week ending Aug. 31—C18,617 13 4
Corresponding week in last year, (253*
miles open) .. ....£16,077 15 2
CHESTER. AND HOLYHEAD RAlLWAY..—Traffic for the
week ending Aug. 31:—

AiIIERICAN AND ENGLISH YACHTS.

TJ THE EDITOE,Or THE TIMES.

Sir,—lt is always regarded in history as peculiar
to the most distinguished generals that they have best
known how to turn disaster to profitable use, and have
frequently converted the ruins of defeat into founda-
tions of victory. We are now in circumstances
which will give full scope to the display of such quali-
ties, if we possess them. We have been beaten—
signally defeated—on our own element. Oar yacht
squadron, so long masters of the Solent, hitherto vic-
torious in all sea fights, are completely routed—l had
almost said, put to flight. For a long time not one of the
Solent sea kings could be found to face the enemy
or accept his challenge, and the American would have
returned without his gage being taken up had not the
little Titania, of only half the tonnage, and therefore
no adequate match, been courageous enough to hazard
a defeat. Even the Alarm, which had been so long
the champion of the English waters, declined battle.
The victory of the America is complete.
Of all the courses we could adopt in these circum-
stances, the least wise would be to retire from the
contest in despair; the most foolish and dangerous
would be that we should degenerate into indiscrimi-
nating copyists of the peculiarities—good, bad, and
indifferent—which characterise the victor. The wiser
course left for us is now to review calmly and sys-
tematically the causes which have contributed to our
defeat ; to ascertain whether we are beaten by new
elements or by a powerful combination of known
principles and plans, and then to consider whether
we do not possess the means of effecting combina-
tions still more formidable than that by which we have
been beaten.

What, then, are the lessons which the America has
taught us ? Is she better in every point than all our
yachts, or is she in any inferior ?
There is one point in which the America is unani-
mously allowed to be inferior to our own yachts : she
has not the amount of accommodation which is pro-
vided in yachts of equal tonnage in England. An
Englishman's yacht is his home; the American yacht
is an improved pilot-boat. The result is what we
might expect. The America has neither the capacity
for stores nor the amount of accommodation which an
English yacht of much smaller tonnage possesses. As
in a merchant ship capacity for cargo is a measure of
value, so in a yacht is room and stowage of stores, and
in both the America is for her tonnage deficient.
But in speed the America is unsurpassed. In racing
for the cups she left her competitors immesurably be•
hind; for speed alone she was built, and speed at any,
price was the condition of her construction. Let us ex-
amine how this has been obtained.

Of the characteristics of the.hull of the America,
one of the most remarkable is her formation at the
bow. Your reporter describes her as dividing the
water without a ripple, as passing through it so
smoothly and imperceptibly that the wave at the bow
—the crest of broken and foaming water usually
found at the bow when a vessel is in rapid motion,
is not to be seen, but that a light feather of spray is all
that indicates her speed. This absence of wave at the
bow is therefore a remarkable circumstance, and de-
mands our attention. By what peculiarity cf shape
is this accomplished ? Now, all accounts agree that
the shape of the America's bow is very remarkable ;
that it is a hollow bow, or concave outwards, instead
of the old convex or bluff bow, and that it does not
become convex till towards the middle of the vessel.
This is a kind of bow little in use as yet in this coun-
try, except upon steamers, and but rarely adopted in
sailing vessels. The Titania and a few others only in
England possess the same peculiarity. It is techni-
cally called the wave line bow, and appears to be one
cause at least of the speed of the America. This,
therefore seems worthy of careful attention—whether
the wave-how be good for our use and adoption.
A second point in the hull of the America seems
equally remarkable. In yachts hitherto, and sailing
vessels generally, the greatest breadth has been about
the middle of the length, or rather forward from
that point. In the America the greatest breadth is
towards the stern, or distant about two-fifths of the
length from the stern and three-fifths from the bow.
In short, instea3 of the greatest breadth being at the
foremast, it is as far back as the mainmast of the
schooner. This is so important a point that it must
evidently affect the whole sailing qualities of the ves-
sel, and therefore deserves most careful attention. It
is also another of the peculiarities of vessels built on
the wave principle.
A third point is the fulness of the run abaft when
compared to the fineness of the bow. The water line
at the run is convex throughout nearly its whole
length, instead of having a hollow like the bow.
The fourth point is the difference between the
depth of the keel forward and abaft, the draught of
water being over four feet mere abaft than forward.
This, however, the Titania and some other vessels
have in the same degree.
Now, all these are peculiarities in the water, instead
of above it, and therefore materially affect the per-
formance of the vessel, although they are not most
striking to the eye. Above the water her singu-
larly short stern, her great sheer of deck down to-
wards the bow, her clipper figure-head, her tumble-
home side—all these are minor points which the ser-
vile imitator may copy, but which the wise constructor
will not be hasty to imitate. Above water the im-
portant points are those which affect the action of
the wind on the sails. It is quite as essential to a
ship's performance that her sails should offer the
greatest resistance to the wind as that her hull should
offer the least resistance to the water. In the masting
of the America there is scarcely any important pecu-
liarity, except the possession of only one topmast, and
the smallness of that one. The masts have nearly
the usual size and position, except, perhaps, that they
are stronger than usual. The rigging has also the
peculiarity of extreme simplicity.
It is when we come to the sails that we find the
most remarkable point in the out-water arrangements
of the America. It is certain that when the best of
our sails will stand and draw well within four points of
the wind the America's will go within three. This
was strikingly proved in the match with Titania on
Thursday. Before the wind the speeds of the vessels
were not very different; on a wind the speed through
the water seems also not to be very different. If we
lay down on paper the advantage gained by the Ame-
rica from her sails standing at three points instead of
four, we shall find it equal to a gain of five to four in
distance run or in time on the race—a difference more
than equal to that which was realised. Here, then,
we have a point of advantage which is beyond all dis-
pute in its nature, and of an unquestionable import-
ance—the weathering qualities of the sails.
I have entered thus minutely into all these points
because I conceive it to be of great importance that we
should wisely and in time prepare ourselves for the
probable contest of next year. We are more likely to
fail next year by a blundering imitation of the unes
sentials of our victor than by any other course. It is
most undesirable that we should be drives by a sudden
defeat to abandon any of the excellent points which
our own long experience may have taught us to be
unquestionably excellent. The roominess, the com-
fort, the excellent sea-going qualities, the ease of mo-
tion in bad weather, are points in our own yacht-
building which we must on no account abandon. It
is our duty, therefore, to see what we must do to win
next year.
1. We must build yachts of the newest construc-
tion of us large a size as may be likely to come
against us—i. e., somewhat larger than the America;
and not allow ourselves to be caught, as this year,
with a vessel of half the tonnage only fit even to ac-
cept the challenge.
2. We must' adopt the best scientific principles of
construction for the build of our new yachts, instead
of allowing old maxims of routiue to govern us. The
Americans have boldly attempted the wave system,
and applied it to the America in an unmitigated form ;
we must as boldly adopt it, and give speed to our
vessels by offering to the water that form which shall
produce the least disturbance in it, and receive from
it the least resistance.

3. We must not abandon such forms of midship
section as have been found to give easy motion and
good sea qualities to our own yachts.
4. We must thoroughly revise our system of rig-
ging and cutting sails. The true theory of sails is
that they are flat boards. All mechanical means must
be adopted to give them that form, and make them
keep it. The superior cut of American sails has long
been matter of notoriety to seamen. Sail cutters have
long resisted the abandonment of cherished prejudice
on this head. They must now at once adopt the
true sail theory of plane surfaces, and carry it out—
whether with the use of booms or a new cut, or both,
they must well consider.
5. As to rigging, the simpler the rigging, the fewer
the ropes, the better. The Americans have long been
distinguished in this respect for simplicity and effi-
ciency. Multiplicity of ropes and blocks is an old-
fashioned error, out of which we are rapidly escaping,
and the America merely gives us a fresh impulse in
this direction.

In conclusion, I have only to express a hope—one
which has prompted this letter—that we shall not
degenerate into vulgar imitation of our victor, a
course in which we shall always be behind him ; but
rouse ourselves to apply more independently than
hitherto the resources of our science and skill to the
attainment of that superiority in yacht-building
which we have hitherto fancied we posgesse,d.
I have the honour to be, your obedient servant,
A MEMBER OF SEVERAL "Y ACIIT

EASTERN COUNTIES AND 11 inwrell.--To mkt
the trade between Harwich and Rotterdam, a steam-ship,
called the Arab, of 390 tons burden, has been placed upon'
the Harwich st,tion by the Eastern Counties r.nd Eastern
Union Companies; and the Loudon merchants, as ono re-
sult of the experiment, now receive their letters and dis-
patches twelve hours earlier than usual.
THE ORIENTAL BANE--A royal charter has been
granted to the Oriental Bank, constituting it a bank of issue
in Ceylon and China, and empowering it to carry on ex-
change, deposit, and remittance business anywhere to the
cad of the cape of Good liopo,

SPORTING NOTES.

CXIX.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—Two or three commissions, ono of which was of
a very extensive nature, were sent out yesterday even-
ing in support of The Black Doctor, Alolis,nne, and
Mark Te.pley, for the Cressrewitch Stakes; the first
named was for a very heavy amount, and was but par-
tially exzeuted at lamas varying from 50 to 20 to 1, the
last price offered against him being 18 to 1.
MY NOTES AND NOTIONS On the GREAT-ST. LEGER
will appear tomorrow. It is a singular fact that for the
last four years my prediction on this event has been
perfectly correct; in three instances out of the four I
accomplished the feat of placing the first and second.
I am, Sir, yours, (to..
THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF.

Sept. 4, 1851.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
WARWICK RACES.—WEDNESDAY.
The Borough Handicap of 10 sovs. each, h f:, with 50
added, for two and three yrs old, the second to save
his stake, and the winner to pay 10 sovs. to the starter;
a winner of a handicap, subsequent to the publication
of the weights, of the value of 100 sovs., to carry 51b
extra. One mile. (13 Subs.)
Mr. W. Salford's Deceitful, 3 yrs, Bst (Sharpe) 1
Lord Exeter's Cane, 3 yrs, 7st 51b (J. Mann) 2
Mr. J. Day's Wadastra filly, 3 yrs, Gat 31b...( Wells) 3
Mr. Metklam's Paddy Bird, 2 yrs, Est 71b...(Arnold) 4
Mr. Copelend's Director, sst 121 b (W. Stanway) 5
Mr. Carew's cby Touchstone, Est 21b ...(G. Mann) 6
Betting-2 to 1 agst Deceitful, 3to 1 agst Paddy Bird,
and 4to 1 agst Cane. Won by a length. Wadastra
filly a very bad third. Run in 1 min. 45 secs.
The Welter Cup of 100 sovs., the rest in specie by sub-
scription of 15 sus. each, 10 ft, and only 5 if de-
clared, 86c. A winner of a handicap after the weights
are declared, of the value of 100 sovs., to carry 51b
extra. Gentlemen riders. Professionals allowed to
ride by carrying 61b extra. Mile and a half. (19
Subs., 11 of whom declared.)
Mr. Martin's Upton, hb, 5 yrs, 103 t 111b...(Darling) 1
Mr. H. Carew's Agis, 6 yrs, list (Capt. Little) 2
Mr. Barnett's Aristos, 3 yrs, 9st 101 b (Flatman) 3
Mr. J. Day's New Forest Deer, lOst ...(Mr. Bevill) 4
Betting—Even on Agis, and 5 to 2 eget Aristos. Won
by a short head, Aristos a bad third. Run in 2 min.
42 secs.

The County Stakes of 100 soya., added to a handicap
of 20 soya. each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared, &e.,
winners extra; the second to receive 30 sous. out of
the stakes, and the winner to pay 25 sous. towards
expenses. Ono mile and a half. (51 Subs., 19 of
whom declared.)
Mr. Carew's Harp, 3 yrs, sst 41b (Rickards) 1
Mr. Copeland's Candlewick, 4 yrs, sst 41b (Carroll) 2
Mr. Gratwick's Landgrave, 5 yrs, 7st 131 b (Flatman) 0
Mr. Shepherd's Post Tempore, Est 1 llb (Charlton) 0
Ld. Enfield's Wm. the Conqueror, 6st 101 b (Kitchener) 0
Mr. Drinkald's Dulcet, aged, Est 101 b (Pavia) 0
Ld. Exeter's Tophana, 6 yrs, 6st 41b ...( W. Harlock) 0
Lord Brook's Grief, 5 yrs, 6st 21b (Knott) 0
Mr. Fowler's The Monk, 4 yrs, 6st (Wells) 0
Mr. J. Morland's King of Oude, sst 91b ...(Kendall) 0
Ld. Chesterfield's Humphrey, 4 yrs, sst 91b (Ashmali) 0
Mr. Payne's Catalapa, 3 yrs, sstBlb (Harding) 0
Lord Exeter's Cane, 3 yrs, 4st 91b (Steggles) 0
Betting-5 to 2 agst Harp, sto 1 agst King of Oude,
5 to 1 agst Landgrave, 11 to 2 agst Post Tempore, 7 to
1 agst Catalpa, and 10 to 1 each agst any other. A
very fine race between Harp, Candlewick, and Cane,
Harp winning by half a length, and Candlewick beating
Cane by a length; Humphrey fourth. This race was
not timed.

The Avon Stakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft; two yrs old,
7st; three, 9st; miens allowed 51e, and mares and

geldings allowed 31b each. T.Y.C. (10 Subs.)
Mr. Drinkalet's Grey Tommy, 2 yrs, 7st (G. E. Sharp) 1
Mr. Fienne's Old Rowley, 2 yrs, 6st 91b., ..(I.liat) 2
Mr. Raiford's Peppermint, 2 yrs, itilL ...(W. Sharpe) 3
Mr. Meiktam's Paddy Bird, 2 yrs, ist (Arnold) 4
Betting-5 to 4on Grey Tommy, 7to 4 agst Pepper-
mint, and 10 to 1 against eaeh of the others. A fine race
between Grey Tommy and Old Rowley, and was won
rather cleverly at last by a neck. Peppermint a bad
third. Run in 1 min.3s secs.

The Town Plato of 50 .ovs. added to a handicap of 5
sous. each, 2 ft ; for three years old and upwards; a
winner of 100 soya., after the declaration of the
weights, to carry 51b extra;_ the winner to pay
_lO

Boys—. towards the alteration of the course. thie

(17 Subs.)
Mr. Jones's Tonic, 3 yrs, Est 511) (Preece) 1
Mr. Smythe's Mute, 3 yrs, 4st 121 b (Kendall) 2
Mr. Carew's Prestige, 3 yrs, 7st 51b (J. Sharp) 3
Mr. J. R. Scott's Manchester, 3 yrs, sst 101 b (Wells) 4
Betting-5 to 4on Tonic. Woa in a canter by six
lengths. Run in 1 min. 46 secs.
The Warwick Cup of 200 sovs., by subscription of 10 soya.
each, with 100 added, the second to receive 30 sovs.
out of the stakes; three years old, Est 101 b; four, Bst
71b; five, 9st 11h; six and aged, 9st 51b; mares al-
lowed 71b, and geldings 51b. Winners extra, allow-
ances for maidens. The winner to pay 5 sovs. to the
judge, and 15 soya. towards expenses. Three miles.
(28 Subs.)
Mr. Saxon's Tho Black Doctor, 3 yrs. Est 101 b (Bilett) 1
Mr. Greville's Cariboo, 4 yrs, Bst 61b (Flatman) 3
Lord Warwick's Leap-year, 3 yrs, Est 31b (Charlton) 3
Lord Exeter's Nutcracker, 4 yrs, Bst 71b ...(Marlow) 0
Mr. Carew's Remunerator, 4 yrs, B.t 71b (J. Sharp) 0
Mr. Little's Macaw, 3 yrs, 5A 101 b (Kendall) 0
Mr. Isaac Day's The Tout, 3 yrs, sst 101b...(Wells) 0
Betting-6 to 4 agst Black Doctor, 7 to 4 agst Cari-
boo, and sto 1 each agst Leap-year and Macaw. Won
by a length, Leap-year a bad third ; the others wore
pulled up some distance from home.
The Scurry Handicap of 3_ scvs. each, with 20 added.

Five furlongs.
Mr. Sexton's Chaffinch, 2 yrs, Est 41b (Charlton) 1
Mr. Carcw's Longinus, 4 yrs, Bst (J. Sharp) 2
Mr. Gooch's Scar, 3 yrs, 7st (Wells) 3
Mr. Connor's Happy Queen, 7st 61b ...(W. Sharpe) 4
Betting-5 to 4 agst Scar, and sto 2 agst Chaffinch.
Won easily by a length, Happy Queen shad fourth. Run
in 1 min 4 secs.

The Great Warwickshire Stakes, of 10 sovs. each, with
50 added, for three yrs old colts, 83t 71b ; fillies, Bst
21b. The winner to pay 10 sovs. to the fund. One
mile and three-quarters. (7 Subs.)
Mr. Jones's lanthe, Bst 21b
Mr. Payne's Catalpa, Bst 2lb (Flatman) 2
Betting-5 and 6t04 on lanthe, who won in a canter
by two lengths. Itun in 3 min. 29 secs.
The Selling Stakes, of 5 sovs. each, with 25 added ;
three yrs old, 7st 101 b ; four, 9st ; five, 9st 101 b ; six
and aged, lOst; mares and geldings allowed 31b;
maidens allowed 51b, &e.; beats, one mile (6 Subs.),
were won in three heats by Mr. J. Day's Exhibition, 3
yrs (201), (Carroll), beating Mr. J. Fowler's Silence, 3
yrs (201.), (Kendall), Mr. Davies's Capsicum, 4 yrs
(301.), (Wells), Mr. Everett's Forest, 5 yrs (50/.),
(Crickm?re), and Mr. Gcoeh's Scar, 3 yrs (20L),
(Preece). _ _

LATEST BETTING.
GREAT YORKSHIRE HANDICAP.

9to 2 agst Calculator (t) I 6to 1 agst Cossack
sto 1 apt Clarissa (t) jloto 1 agst Castle.

ST. LEGER.
sto 2 agst Hernandez (t) 14 to 1 agst Hothorpe
4 to 1 apt The Ban 14 to 1 agst Newminster
6to 1 agst John Day's lot 15 to 1 apt Lamartine (t)
8 to 1 agat Aphrodito

CESARENVITCH STAKES.
20 to 1 agst Black Doctor—taken
CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES.

25 to 1 agst 13reba—taken
Constellation is struck out of the Cesarewitch and
Cambridgeshire Stakes.

DEATH or Mx. W. HIBBITILD.-With sincere regret
we have to announce the demise of the indefatigable
clerk of the course at Ascot, Reading, &c., and the well-
known starter at Newmarket, Goodwood, Doncaster,
and other eminent localities. He expired at his resi-
dence, the Grand Stand, Ascot, on Tuesday night; an
affection of the lungs the incipient cause, with super-
vening dropsy. His private amenities endeared him to
his family and friends, and his industry, tact, and im-
partiality, secured the respect of all who watched his
public career.

To GET RID OF COCICROACEIES.—Mr. Samuel
Tewkesbury, of Nottingham, in a letter to the Manx Sun,
says, "I beg to forward you an easy, clean, and certain me-
thod of eradicating these loathsome insects from dwelling-
houses. A few years ago my
house was infested with
cockroaches (or clocks,' as they
are called here), and I was
recommended to try cucumber peelings as a remedy. I ac-
cordingly, immediately before bedtime, strewed the floor of
those parts of the house most infested with the vermin with
the green peel, cut not very thin from the cucumber, and sat
up half an hour later than usual to watch the effect. Before
the expiration of that time the floor where the peel lay was
completely covered with ccearoacbes, so much so that the
vegetable could not be seen, so voraciously were they en-
gaged in sucking the poisonous moisture from it. I adopted
the same plan the following night, but ray visitors were not
near so numerous—l should think not more than a fourth of
the previous night. On the third night I did not discover
one; but anxious to ascertain whether the house was quite
clear of them, I examined the peel after I had laid it down
about half-an-hour, and perceived that it was covered with
myriads of minute cockroaches, about the size of a flea. I
therefore allowed the peel to lie till morning, and from that
moment I have not seen a cockroach in the house. It is a
very old building; and I can assure you the above remedy
only requires to be persevered in for three or four nights, to
completely eradicate the pest. Of course it Should be fresh
cucumber peel every night."
TfiE lionsEnoLD TRoors.—Tuesday being the
regular time for changing the quarters of the household bri-
gade, notice was issued, that in consequence of the closing of
the Great Exhibition, the household troops will not be re-
moved from the present quarters till the 16th of October
next, when they will change and remain in their different
quarters till the Ist day of March, 1852.
ENTOMOLeGICAL SocisTke.--The: usual monthly
meeting of this society was held on Monday evening; J. 0.
Westwood, Esq., president, in the chair. Alfred Beaumont,
Esq., of Thlderslield, was elected a member of the society.
Mr. Adam White exhibited a Crustacean, the nymphon gi-
-gontiunz of Goodsir, taken at the depth of 20 fathoms off the
Shetland coast. The president exhibited a moth, reared
from eggs received from Mr. Parker, apparently distinct
from the true silkworm motb, but of which the larva spun a
fine kind of silk known in the north of China by the name of
Tsatlee. The president exhibited bred specimens of Arep
cula-centiPliella, the larval of which mine the leases of the
:rose, and previous to their traneformation quit the leaves and
form remarkably minute brown cocoons in the bracts of the
leaves. Mr. Grant exhibited Peronea 7-1)-ier ua, Agrotis
vatilgera, and Gelechia pictella, all from Barnes-common,
being a new locality inland for species hitherto only taken
on the coast. Mr. Smith exhibited a bee, new to Britain, the
Bonzbus articcus, of Dahlbcm, lately taken by Mr. White at
Lerwick.

Mr. Robert Harper, 8.A., of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Cambridge, and late assistant-tutor of Putney C°l"
lege, has been appointed rector of the Royal Academy,
hymen.

TRE SALE AT THE KNOWSLEY ArlilliFt
No more admission to Knowsley Aviary can be
procured until such time as it is on view, namely, oit
the 25th of September and five following days.
The days of sale, and the particular lots for eac't
day, we believe, are not yet quite complete, therefore
we can only give our readers a general idea of what
order of sale will be adopted. The catalogue occu-
pies fifty pages. The following is a summary of the
entire collection :—Total number of mamalia, 94
species, containing 345 individuals. Total number of
birds, exclusive of poultry, 318 species, containin;
1,272 individuals. The total number of species is
412, and of individuals 1,617; of which are Knows-
ley bred, 84 species, and 756 individuals.
The order of sale will be thus—Deer, antelopes
(exceedingly rare). Cattle, including Brahmin, Afri-
can, and Arab bulls, &c. The rare goats and sheep
will follow. The llamas will then be sold. These
will be followed by the zebras, of which there are
seven. Some fine kangaroos will next be offered. Then
the rodents, lemurs, armadillos, &c,, will be sold. The
dogs will come next, of which there are some fine
blood-hounds. This will be the end of the sale of beasts.
The birds will then be sold, beginning with the yule
tures. Of this class of birds will be found the
Egyptian, the King, the Arabian, the social, Kolbe'e,
the slender-billed, and other specimens. The Fal-
- collides will then be sold, including many. eagles.
There are the golden, the tawny, the vulturine, the
bold, the martial, the crowned, the harpy, the sea, the
flab, the short-tailed, and other eagles. Both the vul-
tures and the eagles arc the finest specimens of their
class which are to be pet with. The owls are to be
sold after the eagles. Miscellaneous birds will follow,
such as the laughing kingfisher, blue robins, the rock
thrush, the cat bird, the bill bird, the piping crow, the
hunting crow, jays, crows, glossy thrushes, grakles,
and starlings. Then there will be weavers, bishop
birds, whidah birds, nutmeg or spice birds, cut-throat
sparrows, zebra birds, snow birds, diamond sparrows,
indigo birds, black-crested cardinals, Lapland bunt-
ing, black-billed hornbill, and toucans. When these
birdB are disposed of, the parrot-room will be ene
tered, the contents of which will astonish from their
extent and splendour. The rooms, for there are
series, contain the crested ground parrakeet, the vase
ground parrakeet, the masked parrot; the alexane
thine, the ring-necked, the black-billed, the sparrow,
the orange winged, the gray breasted, the all green,
the yellow winged, the golden winged, the buff
fronted, the lace wined, and others of the same kind.
There will also be found a variety of macaws, in.
eluding the blue and yellow, the red and yellow, the
military, and the hyacinthine. There are a variety of
lories. The parrots embrace guildings, red-bellied,
hawk-headed, amazonian, diadem, &c. The Guinea
parrakeet, or love bird, will be found in the collection
of the cockatoos, and also the roseate, tne red-vented,
the rose-crested, the greater white-crested, the greater
and the lesser sulphur. crested, the citron-crested, the
blood-stain ed, and the long billed cockatoos.
The golden-winged woodpecker and the Senegal
lark-heel follow. Then a crowd of the rarest pigeons
and doves will be sold. Afterwards the piping and
other guans, and the different varieties of curassoros
will be sold. The brush turkey will be next offered.
The family phasianidm is numerous, embracing tt
male Japan pheasant, the only living specimen in
Europe. There are also many other rare pheasants.
The tetreoniche and tinamidea families follow. The
ostriches, rheas, emos, cassowary, and other gigantic
birds will then be sold. Cranes, herons, storks, the
ibis, and birds of a like character will succeed. The
species anaticlee, including every sort of geeso, swans,
ducks, teal, &c., will form a large item in the sale.
Gulls, gannetts, and red-backed pelicans, conclude the
sale of birds. And, as a finish, a collection of tor-
toises and a selection of poultry will wind up the sale.
What the result of this sale may be we cannot
tell. The Knowsley aviary has a world-wide fame.
The title page of the catalogue terms it " The Mee
nagerie and Aviary at Knowsley, formed by the
late Earl of Derby, K.G., president of the
Zoological Society of London, August, 1851."
But what does that involve ? More than we
can tell. The founder of the Knowsley aviary
commenced his labours when comparatively a boy.
He devoted a long and an intelligent life to the
pursuit of natural history, anti he succeeded in
forming a collection such as has never been equalled
by any private collection, or in any public institution.
The like of Knowsley aviary was never seen before—
it is probable it will never be seen again. All will
deplore the scattering of this magnificent collection.
Into the question of its distribution we do not now
enter. It is probable that its founder did not expect
it to be distributed after his decease, as he expressed
his wish to a gentleman, about two years before his
death, that, after he was removed hence, the collection
would be of more general access and mere instructive
than it could be in a private family. But, such as it
was, he made it. It occupied 100 acres of land, and
70 acres of water. Its first cost is unknown ; its ree
puted annual outlay exceeds ten thousand pounds.
The sale will bring purchasers from all civilized coune
tries. We have reason to believe that the collection
will be scattered through all the European capitals.
But, whatever be its fate, we advise our readers, one
and all, to go to the aviary when it is on view. Such
a sight is nowhere else to be seen in the whole world,
and we believe it will be next to impossible that an-
other such collection can be got tcgether.—Liverpool
Courier.