The Sun.
London, England, 1856-05-24 00:00:00

COVENT GARDEN.

The supplies of vegetables in to-day's market were con
siderably on the increase, yet the demand for them ruled
steady, at full prices. Fruit sold slowly, on former terms.
FRIIIT.—Pine apples, English, Ss to 12s per lb; colonial
do., Os to Os each ; hot-house grapes, 108 to 18s Od per lb ;
foreign ditto, Od to Os ; melons, 2s Od to 3s 6d each ;
peaches, 2s d to Gs ' • nectarines, is Gd to 4s per dozen ;
apples, 3s 0.1 to 5s Od per half sieve ; pears, 3s Od to
Gs per dozen ; plums, Os to Os per sieve ; green gages, Os
per punnet; apricots, 16d to ssod per doz.; common plums,
Os Od to Os Od per sieve ; cherries, Od to Oel per pound ;
lemons, Gd to is 6d per doz ; oranges, Gs to 12s per 100 ; fil-
berts, Os to Os per doz. lbs ; cobnuts, 15s to Os ; almonds,
Os to Os per lb. ; walnuts, Od to Od per 100 ; figs, Os 9d
to is Gd per doz., ; strawberries, 6(1 to is 04 per oz. ; goose-
berries, Os Od to Os Od per half sieve ; currants, Os Od to
Os 0,1 per half sieve ; raspberries, Od to Od per pottle.
VEGETABLES.—Greens, is 6d to 3s Od per doz. bunches;
cabbages, is to is Gd per dozen; Savoy ditto, is to
2s Gd per do. ; brocoli, is to Is Gd per bundle ; potatoes, 40s
to 05s per ton ; vegetable marrow, Od to Os per doz. ; peas,
5s to Gs Od per quart; French beans, 18 Od to 2s Od per
100 ; turnips, 3d to Gd per bunch ; carrots, Od to is per
bunch ; cucumbers, Os Od to is Gd each ; garlic, 6(1 to
Os 8d per pound ; spinach, 2s Od to 2s Gd per sieve ;
old onions, 4s 0.1 to Sc per bushel ; new ditto, 3d to 4d
per bunch ; leeks, 2d to 3d per bunch ; shallots,
Sd to is ; horse-raddisli, 2s Od to 4s per bundle ; parsley,
4d to al per bunch ; celery, Os to is Od per
bunch ; endive, 2s Od to 4s Od per dcz. ; beet, is 0(1 to 2s
per doz. ; parsnips, Os Gd to is 0,1 per dozen • small
salad, 2d to 3d per punnet ; mushrooms, is Od to is Gd
per pottle ; artichokes, Gd to 8d each ; cabbage lettuces,
6d to is Od per score ; sorrel, Oa to Os per half sieve ;
radishes. Gd to 9d per dozen hands ; tomatoes, 3s to 4s
per half sieve ; chillies, is to is Gd per 100 ; Brussels
sprouts, 2s Od to 38 01 per half sieve ; capsicums, is to 28
per 100 ; walnuts pickling, 04 to Os per 100; cauliflowers;
is to 4s 0.1 per doz. ; rhubarb, 4d to Stl per bundle ;
asparagus, 2s 6.1 to js per 100 ; sea kail, is to 3s per punnet.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.

THE HUGE LEY POISONINGS.

[The following appeared in part of our impression of
yesterday.]
This morning the entrances to the court were densely
crowded as early as eight o'clock, and in a few minutes
after the doors were opened the court became crowded.
The interest exhibited to-day decidedly exceeded that
of yesterday, and as the case approaches a termination
that interest becomes more and more excited and intense.
The bench was very fully attended, and among the not-
ables present were the Duke of Wellington, Sir J. Pak-
ington, and the Mayor of nristol.
The examination of the medical witnesses for the de-
fence was continued, and the first witness called was
Mr. John Eoss—l am a house-surgeon to the Lon-
don Hospital. I recollect a recent case of tetanus. It
was brought on the 22d of March to the hospital about
half-past seven in the evening. It was a male, aged
about 37, and the patient had had a paroxysm in the
receiving-room before I saw him. He had a rapid but
feeble pulse, his breathing was laborious, his jaws
closed and fixed, and an expressive anxiety about the
countenance. His features were sunken, and he was
unable to swallow. The muscles of the abdomen and
back were somewhat tense. He had another paroxysm
which lasted about a minute. He was then quiet for a
few minutes. He then had another and died, having been
in the hospital about half an hour. There was an
inquest held on the body, and a post-mortem examina-
tion took place, but no poison was found. I attribute
death to tetanus. There were three wounds in the
body—two on the back of the right elbow, each about
the size of a shilling, and one on the left elbow, about
the size of a sixpence. The man told me he had had
the wounds from 12 to 16 years. They were old
chronic indurated ulcers circular in outline, the edges
thickened round them, and covered with a dirty white
coating, without any granulation. I cannot say what
was the origin of the wounds. I have been old chronic
syphilitic wounds like those I have mentioned, but they
were on the legs of the body. Those wounds were the
only thing that would account for tetanus.
Cross-examined by the Attorney-General—Poultices '
had recently been applied to the wounds a day or two
before the man was brought to the hospital, and the
application of a particular poultice had been objected to
by the patient. It was made of linseed meal. The jaws
were firmly closed when he was brought to the hospital,
so it was impossible to administer anything by the
mouth. The man said he bad been so taken at his din-
ner, at eleven o'clock. Tetanic patients can speak,
although they cannot open the jaw. There were symp-
toms of rigidity about the abdomenal and lumbar
muscles. The man did not say how long he had felt the
rigidity. Another medical man, I believe, had seen
the case before it was brought to the hospital. I
have no doubt that the disease had been coming
on the whole of the morning. They were ugly sores, of a
chronic character, and integument connected the 'two,
and they were confluent. There were no signs of heal-
ing, and they had the appearance of being old neglected
sores. They were near the ulna nerve. It is a sensitive
one, near what is commonly called the funny bone. I
believe the man had had paroxysms the whole of the
afternoon before he came to the hospital. There was no
convulsion of the legs and arms. The particular tetanic
symptoms were spasm, lock-jaw, the muscles of the
abdomen and back being rigid, and pains in the stomach.
I did not hear the symptoms of Cook's case described.
Mr. Grove—Was not strychnine suspected in this
case ?—lt was.

Examination' continued—The nerves of the tongue
are very delicate. I heard the case of tetanus described
yesterday, and am of opinion that it was idiopathic te-
tanus, arising from cold.
Mr. Mantel], house surgeon of the London Hospital—
I had the case just referred to under my care, as well as
Mr. Ross, and the description given by him is quite
correct. The patient died from tetanus caused by the
old sores.

Dr. Itightson examined by Mr. Kennealy—l was
pupil of Liebig, at Giessen, and am now an analytical
chemist at the school at Birmingham. I have made
poisons my study, and amongst them strychnine.
have been employed by the Crown in the detection of
poisons. I think most decidedly that strychnine may
he detected. I have discovered it in pure and cor:upt
matter.
Mr. Kennealy—What class of corrupt matter ?
Witness—Bilious matter and putrifying blood. I
have turned my attention to the tissues, and have found
it there. I found it in a cat poisoned, and in the blood
of a dog poisoned by strychnine, and also in the nerve
of another dog poisoned by strychnine. lam of opinion
that strychnine does not decompose in the act of poison.
ing, or in entering the circulation ; in that opinion I
am decided. It might possibly change into a substance
in which it would still be able to be detected. We
have bad such cases. The most minute portions of
strychnine might be found, upon an analysis, in the
case. Where it was found in the blood of the dog two
grains were given. When found in the urine of the
dog, one grain and half. A grain was tried to be given.
to the cat, but a great portion was lost. I should have
no doubt in saying, generally, that strychnine given to
a man should be found upon analysis.
Mr. Sergeant Shee—You say generally. Have you
beard the discussion of the particulars in the case of
Cook ?

Witness—l have ; and from that description, should
say certainly that if strychnine had been taken it would
have been found upon an analysis.
By the Attorney-General—lf the entire dose taken
be absorbed is it finally deposited in the blood or tissues
upon reaching the point at which it kills ?-1- cannot
say.

Attorney-General—lf the whole was absorbed into
the blood would you expect to find any in the stomach
—Certainly not, unless some clung to the coats of the
stomach. I should search for it in the blood and tissues,
and I should expect to find it in each of them supposing
a minimum dose had been taken and absorbed in the
system.

Re-examined by Mr. Sergeant Shee—lf I had known
a man bad had strychnine administered to him one
hour and a half before death it could have been detected
in the stomach ; if administered in the shape of pills
I cannot say if it would have been all absorbed by that
time. Not knowing the dose administered, and the
power of absorbation, I cannot say, with absolute cer-
tainty, if it could have been detected in the coats of the
stomach, but I should think it probable. I cannot give
any decided opinion al to the quantity of strychnia that
must have been administered to cause death in an hour
and a half after the first paroxysm.
Lord Campbell expressed his admiration of the man-
ner in which this witness had given his evidence.
Witness recalled—By Mr. Baron Alderson --•I cannot
give an opinion as to the exact effect of strychnia on the
system before it kills, It ought to be found in the
blood.

Mr. Partridge, examined by Mr. Grove—l have been
many years in practice as a surgeon, and fam Professor
of Anatomy in King's College. I have heard the evi-
dence of the symptoms in Cook's case, 'and as to the
post mortem examination, The spine should. be exa-
mined shortly after death. Granules, such as I have
described would be, in my opinion, likely to cause in-
flammation of the membranes. I have no doubt such
inflammation, if it existed, would have been found on
an examination of the of the part shortly after death.
Cases of granules producing tetanie convulsions are on
record, but I have never seen such a case. Meningitis
inflammation of the anachroid produces sometimes con-
vulsions and sometimes not. .f cannot form any posi-
tive opinion from the evidence I have heard of the cause
of Cook's death. No conclOsion as to the cause of death
can be drawn from the contracted state of the body after
death. If I found a body drawn back and curved after
death, I should be inclined to attribute it to the convid-
si,ve form of death. There are a varieties of degrees of
rigidity which succeed a natural death. The clenching
of, the hand and the arching of the feet is not unnatural.
Cross-examined by the Attorney-General—l under-
stood the granules were on the inner surface of the spi-
nal cord. The granules are not generally found. They
can exist with health. Arachnitis producing convul-
sions never came under my observation. This disease
would: not affect the brain by sympathy before death.
Where granules have produced arachnitis they have
varied in size. I never knew of a single case of arachnitis
where a patientdied of convulsions. Icannot say whether
it would affect the general health: Ido not think a man
would be well between the intervals of convulsions. I
should expect that there would be pain ; the muscles
would be unusually convulsed: I should not expect
freedom from pain and convulsions 24 hours before
death.. I do pot think the sytoptome exhibited by John
Parsons Cook before his death arose from arachnitis. I
never knew a case where the hands were so firmly closed
from natural causes that the fingers " had to be vio-
lently forced open. The arching of the feet is
common in death. I have not known them to be
so much arched as Cook's. I have no doubt but that
from the position in which Cook died that death was
occasioned by tetanus. From the description given by
;Tones, and the evidence I have heard, some symptoms
are consistent and others are inconsistent with death
from strychnia. lam of opinion that from the convul-
siona of the muscles, the throat and legaf the bending of
tetanus.
respiration.
the body into a bow, and the difficulty of
that those are consistent with death from
hive never known traumatic tetanus terminate in death
in leis than three oe four days. I have never known, in
all my experience, such symptoms as those exhibited by
Cook to have resulted from natural causes.

Re-examined by Mr. Grove.—Sickness before death is
not consistent with btryehnia. I also consider the beat-
ing the bed clothes as inconsistent, and also the want
of sensitiveness, the sudden cessation of convulsions,
and apparent complete recovery, show very apparently
an" absence of muscular agitation usakine, it irreconileable
with strychnia. Convulsions arising from injuries to
the spine are very various. I know an intermission of
Symptoms does sometimes occur in traumatic tetanus.
The granules described are more unusual in voting than
in old. I cannot say whether it is more indicative of
disease.' I should not feel myself justified after so long
a time in stating that the spine was not free from disease.
I do not think that alter nine weeks the spine would be
in a sufficiently %perfect state to arrive at any positive
conclusion as to the absence of disease.
Dr. John Guy examined by Mr. Gray—l am a fellow
of the College of Surgeons, and for 18 years surgeon to
the Royal Free Hospital. I had under my care a case
of traumatic tetanus in a boy. That was in 1843. The
boy was 8 years old. He was brought into the hoi-
pita! July 28, and died upon the 2d of August. The
accident bringing it on had taken place one week
before, He hai great pains and stiffness about the '
neck. Could not open his mouth. Upon the first night
he started up convulsed ; and this occurred upon the
following night. The muscle of the neck and back got
stiff during the night, and those of the face were in a
state of great contraction ; and upon the third day were
in the same state. Upon the morning of that day the I
muscular rigidity relaxed, and late: was able to

open his mouth and speak ; and later felt quite
recovered. He had no return of the spasm till half-past
five the following day. He then asked the nurse to
change his linen, and as she was about to do so a
violent spasm came on, and he died in a few minutes.
About 30 hours elapsed between the last convulsions of
which be died and the preceding one. The last
paroxysm continued two minutes. The rigidity before
that had been completoly relaxed. I gave the patient on
the second day a small dose of tartar emetic, containing
antimony, which produced vomiting. I increased it in
quantity on the third day, but I did not repeat it after
tbat day.
Cross-examilied by the Attorney-General.—The teta-
mr, arose from a stone falling on the mdddlo toe of the
patient, completely smashing it. The wound bad be-
come very unhealthy. I amputated the remaining part of
the toe. When I saw the boy the wound was almost
closed. The jaw was closed when I administered tartar
emetic to him. On the 29th the rigidity relaxed ; the mus-
cles of the chest, back, and abdomen continued rigid. Dur-
ing the time there were no convulsions whilst I
administered tartar emetic. I have no doubt the rigidity
of the muscles of the chest and stomach would go far to
prevent sickness. I suppose the boy would have
vomited but for the rigidity of the muscles. I expected
he would have done so from the large dose I adminis-
tered. The symptoms began to abate on the 4th day,
and gradually subsided for some time. The symptoms
were reproduced by the nurse setting the boy up in bed.
The cause had not entirely gone before that irritation
must have been set up in connection with the spinal
cord, and the original seat of the wound that produced
spasms. _ .

Re-examined by Mr. Gray—The causes of irritation
producing spasms may be various. Supposing death
occurred accompanied with tetanic symptoms, and the
medical man had no knowledge of the cause except the
irritation of the spinal cord, I think it is extremely
difficult—probably impossible—for him to ascribe it to
any particular cause.
Dr. 111`Donald said—l am a licentiate of the Royal
College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. I have been in
practice for a number of years, and have had cases of
traumatic and idiopathic tetanus. I have seen two cases
of idiopathic. I have also made experiments. Tetanus
will proceed from slight causes. Any internal altera-
tion of the secretions will produce it. Exposure to cold
would produce it. Mental excitement will also cause
tetanic convulsions. Sensual excitement will produce
tetanus. Granules in any part of the body connected
with the nervous structure might produce it. Tetanic
causes are produced by means yet undiscoverable by
human science. There is some obscurity about the
disease. Many post mortem examinations have taken
place in cases of death by tetanus, and no cause of disease
has been discovered. Strychnia is easily discoverable.
In the case of Catherine Watson I was fortunate to cure
her, and she is at present in court. [The witness
here read the minutes of the case which he had made
at the time]. In that case there was a lock-jaw ;it oc-
curred about the middle of the attack, but she was able
to speak. In acute idiopathic cases it is elate symptom.
I have had a patient, named Copeland, who had been
attacked with idiopathic tetanus under my care ; there
was no external cause. Death took place in somewhat
less thin half an hour. I have made a number of
experiments on animals with respect to strychnia
poisons, and have found the post mortem examinations
very generally to concur. The membranes of the brain
are highly congested, the sinus gorged with blood, and
in one case I had hemorrhage from the nostril. I have
cut through the substance of the brain and found nu-
merous red spots ; these are the general results. The
lungs of those animals had been either collapsed or con-
gested, the heart invariably filled on the right side and
very often on the left. The liver has been congested
and the kidneys normal ; the spleen in a natural
condition. The vessels of the stomach I have
also found congested on the outside surface.
On the mucous or inner side I found them filled with
blood, the vessels of the membrane of the spinal cord
congested, also with sometimes red points cutting into
the spinal cord. The appearances of post mortem exa-
minations are always a tree test of the cause of death.
I have experirnentalised in a great many cases of strych-
nia. If you kill an animal with a grain of strychnia
you may discover traces of it that is evidence of its
presence. The 50-1000th part of a grain will
kill, and that can he found if in the body. I have ac-
tually experimented so as to discover that quantity.
The theory of the decomposition of stryChnia, as pro-
pounded by Dr. A. Taylor, is quite new. The first time
I ever heard of it was in the Court. There is no well
founded reason, in my opinion, for such a theory. I
have proved it by numerous experiments. I have taken
the blood of an animal poisoned with two grains of
strychnia, about the least quantity that would destroy
it, and have injected it into the abdomenal cavities,
of smaller animals, and have destroyed them with all
the symptoms, and post mortem appearances of deaths
by strychnia. It would make no difference, I should
think, in finding strychnia, how it was administered.
If the pills containing it were hand, and not easily dis-
solved, it would be easier to find. I differ from Dr. A.
Taylor relative to his colour tests. I believe them to
be reliable tests for finding strychnia. I have found
it invariably in urine that has been ejected by the ani-
mals that have taken it, part of it is thrown off by the
watery excretions. Strychnine cannot be confounded
with salacine or anthyne. Au increased flow of saliva
is a very marked symptom, so is susceptibility of touch
in all cases. A. slight touch, or a sharp word
will produce violent convulsions. They are recog-
nised as chronic convulsions, a stiffening of the
arms. A man who had taken strychnine, having
bis neck rubbed before the paroxysms came on,
would be likely to be thrown into convulsions if
the first symptoms of poisonin, had commenced.
1
It would not give him any relief. I think it very
improbable that a man under the influence of

strychnia could pull a bell violently. I agree with
Dr. Herapath that strychnia could be found. I
have heard the symptoms in Cook's case described,
but do not attach lunch importance to them, as I have
seen symptoms developed from other causes. A dose
strong enough to destroy life at one paroxysm would not
take an hour and a half to manifest itself. In my
opinion death arose from epileptic convulsions with
tetanic complications. The post mortem appearances in
Cook's case being so different from those which I have
observed in cases of strychnine poisoning that I do not
suppose that a dose sufficient to destroy life in one
paroxyism could not, so far as I am aware, require even
an hour to manifest its affects. The ir.terval of repose
from Monday to Tuesday was, in his opinion, important
as to the epileptic nature of the convulsions, as in epi-
lepsy the recurrence of the fit generally conies on about
the same hour. Any of the causes which I have here
heard described, such as cold, the excitement upon the
race-course, and the vomiting, might have produced
the symptoms and death which has been described in
Cook's case.
The Court here adjourned.

Upon the reassembling of the court, the Attorney-
General cross-examined Dr. 111‘Doriald, who said—l
am a general practitioner, but am parochial medical
officer. I have had two cases of idiopathic tetanus. I
saw Catherine Watson about half-past ten at night,
she had had about five or six spasms, and bad gone about
her usual duties up to the evening of the attack. She
did not complain of any suffering. I had one
case of a child, which was in health half an hour
before the convulsions came on which terminated its

life. I was first spoken to about this case
in January, and since then I have made experiments.
The dose has been from one-half to three-quarters of a
grain to two grains. I could not destroy a dog with
half a grain. The heart is generally full from the rush
of blood from the smaller vessels into the large
cavity. I have always found more or less con-
gestion of the brain, which depends much upon the
state of the stomach. As far as I can judge
frOm the symptoms I have heard described I should say
Cook's death arose from 'epilepsy. I have seen one
death from epilepsy. The patient was not conscious. The
cause of epilepsy has never been clearly ascertained. In
all epileptic deaths there is a complication of tetanic
spasms. Mental excitement might have caused the con-
vulsive attack. It is within the range of probability,
Cook was very much excited, and consequently af-
terwards depressed. These white spots upon .the
stomach indicated inflammation, and which might have
influenced the brain. Ido not believe the evidence
which states there was no inflammation. Epilepsy
might fallow sensual excitement. Epilepsy has occurred
during the excitement, and I have heard the description
of Cook's mode of life.

The Attorney-General—But the sensual excitement
would not cause epilepsy a fortnight afterwards. This
and another question of the learned Attorney-General
upon the same point caused much laughter in the
court, and some clapping of hands.
Mr. Baron Alderson—l heard just now some one
clapping hands ; such conduct is highly disgraceful.
Here is a man being tried for his life. It is disgraceful.
The Attorney General, then, with some warmth,
cross-examined the witness at some length upon the
general character of epilepsy, and the effect which opium
would have upon a person predisposed to epilepsy.
The witness said it would be most likely to accelerate
the symptoms, and the effect of morphia would depend
upon the peculiar idiosyncracy of the person taking it,
and would accelerate rather than tranquillise when there
was a disposition to congestion of the brain.
Re-examined by Sergeant Shee—From what I have
read I believe there have been cases of epilepsy where the
patient has not entirely lost his consciousness. Epilepsy
is sometimes so sudden that the patient falls down with
a shriek. It very often occurs at night in bed.
A. patient may frequently suffer from epilepsy during the
night and be quite well next day. When an adult is
seized for the first time several fits follow in succession.
was pr- Bamford's depositions I inferred that Cook
from the
a state of depression. I should infer
fo few minutes
of Cook's imagining himself mad
r a minutes that he had been seized with some
sudden cramp or spasm but supposing there was no
filiet:heat
might Cook be msoenas
cramp, and supposing
truth, itshowed that there meant
tdisturbance hoef
I don't b •
the brain. believe that the white spots could be
prssent in the stomach without inflammation existing also.
I have examined a case of this kind
very carefully, and
I have arrived at that opinion after mature study.
Dr. ll:ainbridge —I am a doctor of medicine, and. medi-
cal officer to St. Martin's Workhouse. I have
had considerable experience in convulsive disor-
ders. There is a very great variety in the symptoms.
They alio vary as to periodicity and effect. There was
one case I knew where a man was attacked twice, at
the expiration of a year, precisely the same day and
hour. I have only heard the witnesses that have been
examined to-day.
By the A.ttorney-General.—Hysteric convulsion very
rarely ends in death. I have known a case of such.
It occurred in St. Martin's Workhouse. The patient
had had a series of attacks of the same complaint for
years. On the last occasion he bad been ill only a few
hours before I was sent for. I was told that he was
attacked with sudden convulsions five minutes before'

he died. There was clenching of the hand to a
small extent. I cannot undertake to say it was
a death from apoplexy. It was more like epilepsy. The
man whose case I have mentioned was subject to the
attacks, and had been so fon years. There is not always a
loss of consciousness in hysteria. I have known the patient
to speak after the paroxysm. I have seen cases of traumatic
tetanus. I have known G or 7 cases of epilepsy end
ir. death.

By Mr. Grove--I have ascertained by inquiry after
the patient has recovered that consciousness has been
retained.

Mr. Austin Steady—l am a member of the
Royal College of Surgeons. In 1854 I attended a
patient for pleuristhotonus, which is a curvature of
the body sideways. Convulsions came on during the
paroxysms. The patient was seized with the same
disease 12 months afterwards, and she continued unwell
for about a week. The disease, I was told, arose from
excitement —a quarrel with her husband. I did not dis-
cover any other cause. _ _ .

By M. E. James—l did not ascertain hew long the
patient had been suffering when I was called in. I
learned that the woman bad had a blow on her side
while quarrelling with her husband. It was not de-
scribed as a violent blow, and I observed the trismus
setting in at the time. She was under my treat-
ment for a fortnight, and the rigidity of the
muscles continued the whole of the time, and she
then got better. I was called again to the same person
in about a twelvemonth afterwards. I attended her for
a week, and she had trismus the whole time. Sbe has
net yet recovered. She has now tetanic twitching of
the limbs. I cannot define what the particular cause of
the disease is. I saw the patient yesterday.
Dr. Geo. Robinson—l am physician to the Newcastle-
upon-Tyne Hospital. I have devoted much time to
pathology. From what I have heard of the symptoms
of Cock's death, I ascribe it to convulsions resembling
tetanic ones. There is nothing in the whole study of
pathology so difficult as that which has reference to the
cause of convulsions. I have seen post mortem examina-
tions of those who have died of convulsions, and could
not trace any cause of disease. The presence of gritty
granules in the region of the spinal cord would produce
convulsions. There is a disease known as spinal epi-
lepsy, and one of its peculiarities is the periodicity of its
return. It will assume a tetanic character. The mode
of life which I have heard Cook led would predispose a
person to such attacks. I have prescribed strychnine
medicinally.
Cross-examined by Attorney-General—l have seen 20
cases, but I have not seen anything in epileptic convul-
sions where the body, if laid horizontally, would
rest upon the head and heels, but I have seen
bodies quite stiff, but have never seen them assume the
symptoms of aposthaustos. The form of Cook's body
alter death is not a symptom cf tetanus, or peculiar to
it, more than convulsions having a tetanic com-
plication. In po.st•mortem examinations, after epi-
lepsy, I have found granules near the spinal cord.
I do not think the size of the granules would regulate
the convulsive spasms. The action would irritate the
spinal cord. I have never known epilepsy attended by
unconsciousness. The symptoms of Cook's death are those
that would occur from strychnia, but there would have been
premonitory twitchings. The stiffnes4of the neck might
be considered such.

Re-examined by Sergeant Shee—Ceok's case was one
of real epilepsy. His sitting up in bed would arise from
the sense of suffocation, and might be considered as a
premonitory symptom.

Benjamin Ward Richardson, examined by Sergeant
Shee—l ant a physician practising in London. I
have never seen tetanus, idiopathic or traumatic, but
many of convulsions. I have known them when
ending in death assume a tetanic form ; the lower
muscles of the body have been contracted,
the arms stiffened out and hands clenched until death,
a sense of suffocation coming to the patient. In some
forms there has been contortions of the feet and legs. As
long as the patient was conscious he was most desirous to
sit up. People do die of angina pectoris, and the death
would closely resemble that of Cook. It is of the class
of spasmodic disease, and a post mortem examination
might or might not show causes as if there was disease
of the heart, but it might not show any symptoms
to account for death. A. case occurred to me
in 1850. I attended a child 10 years old ; she had
scarlet fever, and was getting better, when I was sud-
denly called in, and I went and found her dying. She
was in the arms of her sister. She was
pa ,le • the muscles of the face and arms were
rigid. Her fingers were clenched, and the respiratory
muscles were fixed and rigid, and she evinced extreme
agony and restlessness, such as I never before saw. She
knew me, and most eagerly took some brandy-and-water
from me. I left to go to my own house, about 20 yards off,
and when I came back her head was drawn back and
her eyes fixed open like a statue.
Baron Alderson—Was she dead ?

Witness—She was. A post mortem examination was
made, and not anything found to account for death; the
heart was quite empty, so much so that I said it
looked as if it had been washed out. The parents told
me that the child had been unusually well that evening
and had eaten her supper and jumped into bed, when
she was seized.

Cross-oxatnined by the Attorney-General----The nature
of the disease is still an open question. Dr. Jenner
states angina pectoris to arise from ossification of the
coronary vessels of the heart.
Mr. Baron Alderson—Why is it called angina -pec-
toris?

Witness—From anguish, or pain of the head. The
pain is extreme, as if the chest was fixed in a vice. From
his experience with angina pectoris and what he had read
of death from strychnine, he could not see that there
was any difference. It is not usual for the attack
in angina pectoris to be only one attack, but it will kill
in eight minutes. The clenched state of the bands after
death depends in a great measure upon the mind, and
actions of the person at the time of death.
Rc-examined by Mr. Sergeant Shee—ti. patient, if he
had a relapse from an attack of angina pectoris, would
be in perfect health between the attacks. _ _

Dr: Rightson was recalled, and asked by Sergeant
Shea if, when strychnia is absorbed, whether it would be
collected in parts of the body and absent from others ?
—He said it would be diffused equally.
In answer to the Attorney-General he said that the
dose would be more likely to absorb entirely into the
system if taken in small dose.
Mr. Sergeant Shee—And would it not then be found?
Witness—lt would in the spleen and liver.
Catherine Watson was then called. She was the girl
in Scotland whose case was referred to as being
one of tetanus, from which she recovered. Her
evidence was that she had not taken anything to bring
on the attack.

Mr. Sergeant Shee said that he had not yet concluded
the defence, for his other witnesses were not ready.
Lord Campbell said in a case of such import he would
not press him to go on, and the Court adjourned at 6
o'clOck. previously to which, upon the application of
the Attorney-general, the trainer, Saunders, was called
upon his recognisances.

CITY IMPROVEMENTS.—On Thursday, at a Court of Com-
mon Council, a discussion took place respecting the ex-
pediency, &c., of proceeding with the widening of Phil-
pot-lane, whereby the enormous traffic from the Docks
to London-bridge would be greatly relieved. Mr. T.
H. Hall and other gentlemen submitted that the debts
of the Corporation were large, and that there were other
improvements of a more pressing nature which were
suspended or could not be commenced from want of
funds. Ultimately, the motion for taking the proposed
improvement into consideration was lost by a consider.
able majority.

_
rADvsarissNicyr.l—We quote a few more of the extraorcli=
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health-restoring Revalenta Arabica Food of Indigestion
(Dyspepsia), Flatulency, Constipation, Nervous, Bilious, and
Liver Complaints, Cough, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility:
—65, Piccadilly, London, Bth November, 1847.—Gentlemen,
—Having been for a long time a great sufferer from piles and
severe constipation of the bowels, I commenced taking, about
three weeks ago, the " Revalenta Arabica" twice a day,
morning and night, and have continued it daily. The result
induces me herewith to express my unbounded gratitude. My
bowels and stomach begin to remind me of what I was years
ago ; in fact, I am fast approaching complete restoration to
the enjoyment of functions without which life is but a pain-
ful burden. No medicine has ever done me the good I have
derived from the Revalenta. Digestion has in reality in my
case begun new. With many thanks, &c.,—WILLw PATCHING.
Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of
Chemistry Dr. Andrew Ure ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ;
Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiket ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ;
Lord Stuart de Decies; the Dowager Countess of Castle-
stuart ; Countess of Uffington ; Major-Gen. Thomas King ;
and many other respectable persons, whose health has been
restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed.
In canisters, 51bs., lls.; 121b5., 225.; super-refined, 11b.,
6s. ; 21bs., lls. ; 51bs., 225. ; 101bs., 335. The 101bs. and
121bs. carriage free, on receipt of post-office order. Barry
du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, Loudon; Fortnum,
Mason, and Co., Purveyors to her Majesty, Piccadilly;
also at 60, Gracechnrch-street ; 33J and 451, Strand ; 4,
Cheapside ; 68, Ccrnhill ; 49, Bishopsgatc-street ; 55, Char.
ing-eress ; 54, Upper Baker-street; 63 and 150, Oxford-
street.

[A.DVERTISEMENT.]—EPSOM RACKS. —SIGHT AND HEARING.
SPECTACLE% POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE AND PERSPECTIVE
GLASSES. negsrs. S. and R. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albe-
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By laor Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and
extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and
brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per-
spective Glasses, to know the distances of objects viewed
through them—of great importance to the army, navy,
and others. These telescopes possess such extraordinary
powers that some three and a-half inches, with an extra eye.
piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring,
and the double stars ; with the same telescope can be
seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant,
and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger and all
sizes, with increasing powers accordingly ; while their vary-
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above and the Georgian, with his 6 satellites, &e. The Royal
Exhibition, 1851.—Valuable, newly-invented, very small,
powerful waistcoat-pocket glass,the size of a walnut, by which
a person can be seen and known 11 miles distant ; they answer
every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera honsen,
country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles.
They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to
sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera,
race-course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderful
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to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance.
Deafness—New Discovery.—The Organic Vibrator, an ex-
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thing of the kind that has been, or probably ever can be,
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ceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church
and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing
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assistance that possibly could be desired.-39, Albemarle-
street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel.

Sporting Intelligence.

TATTERSALL'S.-FRIDAY.

A thin attendance, and very little betting. Went-
worth was steady. At one time 9 to 2 was taken to
400/. about FazzolettD, but at the close he was again
at sto 1. Vandermulin was in great force. Starting at
12 to 1, he quickly reached 10 to 1, and was backed for
a large sum of money. Cannobie fell bank to 12 to 1,
and the Coroner and Fly-by-Night, at 20 to 1 each,
were quite friendless. Rogerthorpe had a downward
tendency.
The other transactions presented nothing worthy of
particular comment.
Closing prices :

THE DERBY.
3to 1 agst Wentworth (taken)
sto 1 agst Fazzoletto (taken)
9to 1 aget Artillery (take 10 to 1)
10 to 1 agst Vandermulin (taken freely)
11 to 1 aget Cannobie (12 to 1 taken)
20 to 1 agst Fly-by Night (offered)
20 to 1 agst Coroner (offered)
22 to 1 agst The Prince (taken)
22 to 1 agst Yellow Jack (taken)
25 to 1 aget Rogerthorpe (taken)
1000 to 25 agst Verdant Green (taken)
1000 to 20 agst Astrologus (taken)
1000 to 15 agst Cotswold (taken)
THE OAKS.
5 to 1 agst Mermaid (taken to 1001.)
10 to 1 agst Tyne (taken)

HARPENDEN RACES.-FRIDAY.

The Rothatnstead Stakes of 3 sous each, with 25 added,
for 3-yr-olds and upwards ; optional selling weights,
&c. ; winners extra. One mile and a half. 16 subs.
Mr. T. Hughes's Firelight, 4 yro, 7st 101 b (D. Hughes) 1
Mr. Armstrong's Little Emma, 3 yrs, 6st 111 b (Myers) 2
Mr. Thorpe's Little Tom, aged, 9st lllb (Wells) 3
The following also ran :—Spernza, Usless, Boling-
broke, Young Hack, Dalston, Favus, Van Bracket,
Heiress, Bul-but, and Wave.

Betting-4 to 1 agst Little Tom, sto 1 each agst Fire•
light and Little Emma. Won easily by half a length ;
two lengths between the second and third. The w►nner
was bought in fur 52 sovs.
The Two yr-old Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 50 added ;
coitJ, B,t 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b ; certain penalties for
winners. T.Y.C. 16 subs.
Mr. W. Barnard's Commotion, by Alarm, Bst 71b
(D. Hughes) 1
Mr. Mellish's Adamas, Bst 121 b (including slb extra)

- (Wells) 2
Mr. J. S. Douglas's Tournament, Bst 71b...(Fordham) 3
The following also ran :—Aunot Lyle, filly by Bur-
gundy, England's Beauty, colt by Them], Harriet Wil-
son, filly by Gilbert Gurney, Little John, Salouica, Cin-
derella.

Betting-3 to 1 each agst Commotion and Tourna•
anent, 5 to 1 agst Salonica, 6 to 1 agst Annot Lyle, 8 to
1 agst Adamas. Won by half a length ; a length and
a half between the second and third ; England's Beauty
and Harriet Wilson were next.

The Harpenden Handicap of 5 sous each, 3 ft if de-
clared, &c., with 50 added ; certain winners extra ;
the second to save_ his stake. Two miles. 34 subs,
7 of whom declared.
Mr. T. Hughes's gelding by Faugh.a-Ballagh, out of
Emulous, 3 yre, Est 71b (D. Hughes) 1
Mr. E. MLlnck's Buckingham, 3 y rs, Get 71b (Fordham) 2
Mr. Drewe's Philip, 3 3rs, 6st 71b (Bray) 3
The following also ran :—New Brighton, Balmoral,
Newbold, Miss Goldschmidt, Westminster, Billinghatn,
Vestige, Warbler, Swalciiffe, Brutus, General Wind-
ham, and Clara.
Betting.-4 to 1 agst General Windham, 9 to 2 agst
Buckingham, 5 to 1 agst Philip, 7 to 1 agst
8 to 1 ag,t Vestige, 10 to 1 each agst Emulous gelding
and Westminster, 100 to 8 agst Billingham. Won by a
head ; a head only between tau second and third ; West-
minster was a bad fourth ; General Windham, Warbler,
and Swalcliffe were the next lot.

The Ladies' Purse of 25 sovs, added to a Sweepstakes
of 5 sovs each, for three-yr-olds and upwards ; certain
winners extra ; gentlemen riders ; professionals 101 b
extra ; 1 mile and a half ; 10 subs. ; was won by Mr.
Halford's Goidhill, 3 yrs, lOst 71b (including 101 b
extra), Wells, beating Mr. Mills's Firebrand, 5 yr.g,
12st 71b (including 10lb extra), Higgins, second, and
Mr. Prince's Ploughman, 6 yrs, 12st, owner, third, and
six others.

Handicap Plate of 40 sovs, for two-yr-old and upwards ;
certain penalties for winners. One mile-and-a-half.
Mr. Oliver's Elfrida, by Faugb-a-Ballagh, 3 yrs,
Oct nib (Prior) 1
Mr. Newcome's General Windham, 3 yrs, 7st
(Quinton) 2
The following also ran :—Miss Goldschmid, Plough-
man, Phaeton, Foam, f by Gilbert Gurney, Maid of the
Morn, Wave, Glendonna, and Persia.
Betting.-6 to 4 agst Elfrida, sto 1 agst Wave, 6to
1 agst General Windham, 10 to 1 agst Glendonna. Won
easily by a length, the others widely scattered.
The Tally-Ho Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 30 added,
far four-yr-olds and upwards, certain winners extra, the
winner to be soli for 100 sovs, allowances if entered to
be sold for less, &c., gentlemen riders allowed 4:b, one
mile and a half, 10 subs, were won by Mr. P. Barling's
Nicholas, 5 yrs, 10st .01b, G. Eatwell, beating Mr.
Phillips's Cock Sparrow, lost, Weaver, second ; Mr.
Messer's Warbler, list 71b, Nightingall, third, and six
others.

The Hurdle Race of 2 sovs each, with 20 added, for
four•yr-olds and upwards, optional selling weights, gen-
tlemen riders allowed 41b, one mile and a half, eleven
subs, was won by Mr. F. Fiher's Diligent, 5 yrs, lOst
101 b, Kendall, beating Cock Sparrow second, Firebrand
third, and six others.

Tile Scurry Stakes of 1 soy each, with 15 added, for
three•yr-olds and upwards, optional selling weights,
T.Y.C., eleven subs, were won by Mr. B. Land's Bor-
deaux, aged, 9st 11b, B. Land, jun., beating Mr. Sharpe's
Little Tom, aged, 103 t, Wells, second. Icarus, Amazon,
Little Emma, Plausible, Glissade, Heiress, Twin Shon
Catti, and Bul-bul, also ran.

HORSES STRUCK OUT OF THEIR ENGAGE-

ENTS.

On the 19th inst., at 9 a.m., Romeo and Westminster
out of their esagements at Epsom.
On the 19th inst., at 9 a.m., Fulbeck out of the
Epsom Town Plate.
On the 19th inst., at 3 p.m., Result, Overreach,
Dudeen, filly by Cothcrgone out of Treacherous, and
filly by Cotherstone out of Duchess of Lorraine, ou, of
all their engagements.

On the 19th inst., at 3 p.m., Vandyke by Portrait,
out of all his English engagements.
On the 19th inst., at 3 p.m., Omer Paella out of all
his engagements at Bath.
On the 19th inst., at 4.30 p.m., all Lord Derby's
horses, except Fazzoletto, out of the Derby.
On the 22d inst., at 11.40 a.m., Domino, Newmar-
ket, and Wild Strawberry, out of their engagements at
Epsom.
On the 23d inst., at 9 a.m., British Lion out of the
Derby.
On the 23d inst., at 9 a.m., Alston out of all his
engagernenta.

THE DEBBY AND OAKS.—Youatt Wm. Gray issued
his final selection for the Derby and Oaks on Thursday
last, and is certain of success. I shall stand on one horse
only, as I know that nothing can defeat my selection.
The play men to
a nian
it are on, and nothing can be dan-
gerous, unless is the horse at 60 to 1; he will get a
place. This race and the Oaks I never lost. Remember
my great hits on the Oaks the last two years with
Mincemeat and Marchioness, at 30 to 1 each. I have
one just as gnnd this year, which must win. Terms for
Derby and Oaks, ss. ; for advice on every race next
week, 7#4. 61., and per tentage. Address, 15, Charing-
ens?. Send directed envelopes.

AQUATICS.

HENLEY ROYAL REGATTA.

Several crews and gentlemen who intend to row for
the sculls and pair-oared racee, at Henley, on the 9th
and 10th of June, are in training for that great aquatic
meeting, v,here the following prizes will be contended
for --

Grand Challenge Cup, value 100 guineas, with pre-
sentation medals, for eight-oared boats.
Ladies' Challenge Plate, value CO guineas, for eight-
oared boats. _

Stewards' Challenge Cup, value 80 guineas, for four-
oared boats.
Visitore' Challenge Cup, value GO guineas, for four-
oared boats.
Wyfold Challenge Cup, value GO guineas, for four-
oared boats.
Town Challenge Cup, value 30 guineas, for four-oared
boats. _ .

The Silver Goblets, value 14 guineas, for pair-oared
boats.
The Diamond Challenge Sculls, value 20 guineas, with
a Pres,ntation Cop, value 12 guineas for scullers.
The Silver Wherry, for scullers of the district. The
entries close on the 31st inst., and are expected to be
very numerous, men from both the Universities and
London clubs having signified their intention to contend
in the regatta.
Picked crews of London watermen will, as is usual,
form a race.

LIItKENHEAD MODEL YACHT CLUB.
The above club, which has of late increased rapidly
in numbers, and which is in a very prosperous condition,
has completed its arrangements for the ensuing season,
which are as follows :
The opening cruise to take place on the 21st June.
The first match, for a 201. Cup, to be sailed for on
Thursday, the 26th of June, from Monks Ferry, round
a flag-boat stationed off the Dingle; twice round, re-
turning direct to Monks Ferry.
A,The second match for a 20/, cup, to be sailed for on
Saturday, the 2Gth of July. Same course as before.
The third match of the season to take place on Satur-
day the 23d of August, for the Challenge Cup, value
501., with a presentation prize of 51. Same course as
before.

The entries is each match close four days previouly,
with Mr. W. Scott, hon. secretary.
The challenge prize becomes the absolute property of
the holder on his winning it twice successively.