The Sun.
London, England, 1833-11-08 00:00:00

PORTUGAL.

(From the Morning Herald.)

PAT2IfOUTH, I i P.m., Nov. 6.—The Pantaloon
brig-of-war, Lieutenant Dacres, has just arrived
here from Portugal ; she sailed from Lisbon on the
27th inst., and from Oporto on the 30th, with
mails. The information by this arrival is still of an
'indecisive character. The Miguelite army occupied
Santarem ; the Constitutional forces were encamped
outside the fortifications of that town—it was
thought to be doubtful whether or not the latter
would attack their opponents in their strong hold ;
•t all events, it was believed they would succeed in
cutting off their supplies. Miguel had retired to
Elvas. The greater parr of the Queen's troops had
marched out of the capital, commanded by the Duke
of Terceira and Count Saldanha, to co-operate, witls
the view of the dispersion of the Royalists. A re-
port was circulated in Li-bon, on the departure of
the Pantaloon, that Coimbra had declared for the
young Queen; but such an announcement had not
been made in any official shape. From Oporto there
is but little newt. The guerillas continued to infest
the neighbourhood, and proved a continual source
of annoyance.

(PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.)
LISBON. OCT 26.—Since my last communica-
tion no affair of any moment has taken place be-
tween the two contending armies. The Miguelites
though they appeared at first to intend pushing
on to Abrantes, have taken up, and still preserve,
;..eir position in Santarem. In the meantime Don
?edro's troops have cut off as much es possible
their means of obtaining supplies, as well as their
ability to make an easy retreat. At first, indeed, a
party of the enemy, consisting both of horse and
foot, with three pieces of artillery, reached Al-
meirim, on the south side of the Tagus, whence
they proceeded to the vicinity of Salvaterra, where
were stationed some gun-boats belonging to Don
Pedro ; on these they opened a smart fire, and suc-
ceeded in destroying two, which could not be got
off for want of sufficient depth of water, and five or
six men were killed. Since this no further attempt
has been made on that side. It is questionable
whether Don Miguel will not, in a few days, have
great reason to repent shutting himself up thus
in the town he now occupies. It is ex-
tremely difficult of access, but the season of
the year makes his situation very hazardous,
unless, indeed, his supplies were exceedingly
abundant, which there is pretty good evidence to
believe is not the case. Neither does it appear that
he has much, or indeed anything to depend upon
in the good-will of the people of the provinces,
either in his own immediate neighbourhood, or at a
greater distance, for everywhere defect and defeat
stare him in the face. It was the general opinion,
till within this day or two, that Don Pedro intended
making a vigorous attack upon the town ; but the
almost inaccessible situation of the place, the ad-
vanced state of the season, which lays great part
of the country under water, present additional im-
pediments both to his supplies and to his safe
retreat. The disposition of the people in the Pro-
vinces, so lately manifested in various towns in
favour of the Constitutional cause, and the known
e :tual want of the necessaries of life under which
s,ta Aliguelites now labour, seem to be con6dera-
,is which have induced the besiegers to avoid an
unnecessary waste of blood, arid adopt the method
of endeavouring to make them yield through dis-
tress, or force them by the same means to hazard a
desperate, and, to themselves, highly disadvan-
tageous, retreat from the place.
It has been an opinion too currently entertained
that the mass of the country people were disposed
in favour of INliguel and his absolute Government,
and even the ready reception of the troops of the
Duke of Terceira in Algarve and Alemtejo was
thought by many to be nothing but the effect im-
posed by an armed force suddenly and unexpectedly
appearing among a defenceless people. Within
these few days, however, towns and populations,
where there was little or no armed force either to
encourage on the one hand or overcome on the other,
have spontaneously declared in favour of the legiti-
mate government of Donna Maria, and wanting suf-
ficient troops, the people themselves have voluntarily
sought arms to defend their rights and recover their
long•lost liberty. On the 24th instant intelligence
leached town from the Governor of Alcobaga,
stating that sixty soldiers and other armed men pre-
sented themselves to him to demand assistance;
they had fled from Leiria, where they had spiked the
guns and raised the cry in favour of the Constitution.
These soldiers were part of the garrison of that place ;
the Governor of Alcohaga reinforced them with addi-
tional troops, and marched upon Leiria. Here, then,
is an instance where part of the troops and the
people joined together in the cause of freedom.
On the 22d instant, which must be about the same
time, a small town called Porto de Moe, midway
between Leiria and Santarem, and where there were
no troops, declared for Donna Maria. The people
armed themselves as well as they could and many
ran to join the troops of Alcobaga ; the same thing
has happened at Obidos and other places. We
also hear that Coimbra and the neighbouring country
had declared for the Constitution. More to the
south where these events are not yet known, and
re the detestable Miguelite guerilla parties still
rob and t,,,nress the peopit :he constitutional arms
have very la,olv been hivi,iy on the
11th at Lagos te, iss,guelite robbers suffered a
great defeat, and on the 15th at St. Jago de Cassem
they experienced another, with the loss of 100 men I
killed.

Yesterday morning, at seven o'clock, Don Pedro,
in company with the Duke of Terceira, the Marquis
Loule, and other distinguished personages, embarked
at the arsenal with Admiral Napier, and passed up
the river to Villa Franca, where he landed, and
proceeded to pay a visit to his army.

SPAIN.

(From the Boletin do Commercio.)

MADRID, OCT. 16.—The history of Spain pre-
sents in the latter times two epochs, in which it has
been fcund practicable to reconcile discords and
effectually promote the public welfare, by soothing
and extinguishing parties, calming agitations, afford-
ing no scope to the projects of the ambitious, and
repressing all pretensions inconsistent with the real
interests of the state, which always depend on the
improvement end progress of the classes that con-
stitute the great body of the nation.
But at both periods the evil genius of Spain, re.
presented by an implacable and egotistical faction, in-
different to the misfortunes and calamities of the
country, counteracted and rendered abortive the de-
clared intentions and wishes of the Monarch, who
could have no other interest than that of his people,
nor other glory than that of the nation, which had so
often given him proofs of the purest loyalty.
We certainly do not mean to employ the language
of declamation, our only object being to direct at-
tention to the past, with a view of deriving from it
a lesson for the future. Thus policy may be enabled
to avoid the quicksands to be encountered its a
course complicated by events which are succeeding
each other with an extraordinary rapidity; and
thus also may the guide of prudence be assured to
the resolutions which so delicate and critical a mo-
ment may demand.
All our misfortunes have their real origin in the
division constantly kept up by these who succeeded
in frustrating the salutary effects of the decrees signed
by the benevolent hand of our benevolent monarch
--decrees which tended to union and peace, to the
oblivion of all errors, and the reconciliation of all
minds. Acts so worthy of a beneficent sovereign
could not be approved by men whose hearts yearned
for blood and vengeance, and whose destructive
policy disowned those sound principles which were
calculated to regulate all interests, and to form the
foundation of the wealth and prosperity of the state.
The words which our good King Don Ferdinand
VII. addressed to the nation in 18 Weave no doubt
respecting his sentiments, and point out the course
which be would have followed during his reign, had
not been prevented by the force of subsequent

events, and the conduct of the faction, unceasingly
engaged in discrediting a Government which even
then they desired to see placed in the hands of the
Prince whom they now proclaim as their King, and
whom they consider better fitted than any other
person to effect the consummation of their dark de-
signs, their brutal projects—in a word, the destruc-
tion of our country.
" Your Sovereign" (thus did our illustrious Mo-
narch explain his views) " has no other object in
reigning but your welfare ; and he considers it as
the greatest glory to he the Sovereign of an heroic
nature, whose immortal deeds have acquired for it
the admiration of all the world, and preserved its
liberty and honour. I abhor and detest despotism.
The knowledge and civilization of Europe no longer
permit its existence; and in Spain the Kings were
never despots. Despotism never received sanction
from the excellent laws and constitution of Spain,
though unfortunately, as in other countries, and in all
human affairs, abuses of power have occurred, which
no constitution whatever can entirely guard against.
The abuses, however, were not vices inherent in
the constitution possessed by the nation, but were
the acts of men, and the effect of deplorable, though
seldom witnessed, circumstances, which gave to
those Men place and opportunity to act."*
History has preserved in this important docu-
ment, to the shame and reproach of the impudent
faction by whom our Sovereign's intentions were
thwarted and frustrated, the sincere wishes and
great designs of the Monarch whom we have lost,
and whose pure desires will always render his me-
mory hallowed, while they cause to be remembered
the criminal acts of those who abused his confidence,
gained an ascendancy over his mind by fictitious
plots and pretended alarms, which really could have
no foundation in a nation instructed by experience,
and admonished by domestic and foreign examples.
In the other epoch to which we have alluded
(the year 1823), we see the grandees and the prin-
cipal landowners of Spain approach the Prince ‘lho
then commanded the French troops, and thus ad-
dress him :—" Effect speedily and happily the com-
pletion of your great undertaking, associate in on ,
cause the liberty of a King allied to you by blood,
and the just expectations of a nation friendly to
France; from the united efforts of these two gene-
rous rations, may their common benefit and a new
and durable bond of friendship and alliance result,—
may bad and hateful passions give way to beneficent
concord, and the nation, forming one family, be
animated with one desire, that of rallying round the
royal throne,—may the Spaniards be at last placed in
an honourable and just harmony with the civil:zed na-
tions of Europe, as far removed on the one hand from
the intrigues of arbitrary power, the sure precursor of
disasters, as from the disorders of destructive
anarchy on the other—may we, and may out chil-
dren, on a happier day, be able to exclaim, with
ineffable and everlasting joy—" The King Ferdinand
VII., of Bourbon, ( a captive in the palace of his
ancestors, assisted by his faithful subjects) and the
Spanish nation oppressed by a small but baneful
faction, recovered their liberty and their rights, and
saw revived the mild and beneficial influence of a
sacred religion, public morality, and the salutary
reign of the laws, through the aid of France, and
under the direction of the august Prince the Duke
d'Angouleme.

" We, ourselves, or those who gave us being,
witnessed, and anxiously desired to co-operate in
this glorious consummation, having cordially offered
to sacrifice life and property for its attainment.
" But the noble expectations formed on this oc-
casion by the respectable portion of the SpaniFh
noblesse were likewise frustrated, and their patri-
otic wishes were falsely interpreted, and treated
with contempt; because the leaders of the faction,
having in view other interests, employed hypocri-
tical arts to mislead the conscience of the Morsarch,
availing themselves of the same means which they
put into practice in La Granja to terrify their King,
and to wrest from him a decree which could only
have been dictated by the most abominable treason
and ingratitude."

* Royal Decree of the 4th of May, 1814.

GERMAN PAPERS.

CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 2.—Namik Pacha is gone to
St. Petersburgh as Ambassador from the Pore. The
object of his mission is said to he to request, on the part of
the Porte, for delay in the payment of the contribution in
arrear, to enter into a new arrangement relative to the
payment of the same, to define more clearly the boundary
line between Russia and Turkey in Asia, to settle de-
finitively the affairs of the principalities of Moldavia and
Wallachia, and all the yet undecided points of the treaty
of Adrianople. Servian affairs appear to be already
settled in all the main points. The son of Wogorides,
who is appointed Prince of Samos, is gone to that island
in company with three Commissioners representing Eng-
land, France, and Russia, fully empowered to summon the
inhabitants to submit to the resolutions of the Porte, but
in case of refusal to declare to them that they must no
longer rely on the support of the Three Powers, but will
be left wholly to their fate. There is not much hope of an
arrangement. It is suspected that the Servians, by conti-
nuing their refusal,have ground for reckoning o.: ':.reign aid.
TRIESTE, OCT. 22.—Accounts from Greece state that
the Minister of the Marine, Collette, has resigoed his
not being quite free the suspicionicion €4. t'.'"l3 connected
with the conspirators. We 1., rrom Alexandria tha.,
two days after the V;--..etay's return, an English vessel
arrived the, e despatches from the British Govern-
.._., -ptessing its displeasure at Mehemet Ali's plan of
establishing a naval arsenal in Candia, and formally pro-
testing against it. The cause which England gives is,
that as yet nothing is definitively settled relative to the
future lot of the islands of Candia, Rhodes, Scio, Cyprus,
and Samos. We have letters from Scutari. The depu-
tation of this town had already laid their comphints
against the Pacha at the foot of the throne, and were
sanguine in their hopes of redress.
VIENNA, OCT. 26.—Metalliques Five per Cents., 92
11-16; Ditto Four per Cents., 82; Bank Shares, 1,196 ti.
—Allgemeine Zeitung, Nov. 2.