The Sun.
London, England, 1834-10-04 00:00:00

Portugal from a helpless victim struggling in the bloody
grasp of a tyrant, to the dignity of a great, nourishing

and contented nation. We question if ever any man
rendered more important services to the world than Don
PEDRO did, from the period of his landing at Oporto,
to secure the throne for his daughter, to the stay of his
death. His sufferings were unexampled, for the hum-

blest soldier who fought under him encountered not a
danger to which the Ex-Emperor was not exposed ;
added to which were the mental pangs which, as a
sovereign, an exile, and a father, none could share with

him. V The following article from the Revista, a
Lisbon Journal, is a little overstrained in some parti-
culars, but, taken altogether, it is as just as it is well

expressed

" Don Pedro d'Aleantara, Emperor of Brazil, King of Por-
tugal, Regent of that Kingdom, and Duke of Braganza, &c.,
departed this mortal life at half-past two o'clock on the after-
noon of the 24th of this month.
" This Prince, of whom our country and the friends of li,
berty have so soon been deprived, was born in the Palace of
Queluz, the 12th of October, 1798. From his very infancy
he was familiar with misfortune. The French invasion, and
the execution of the Treaty of Fontainbleau, determined the
Royal Family to abandon their ancient capital, and to fix the
seat of the Monarchy in Brazil. Some time after the emigra-
tion of the Royal Family to the new Empire, the education of
Don Pedro was confided to John Radenak, a respectable old
man, who had long been Ambassador froth Portugal to the
Court of Denmark, and who was master of all the languages of
of Europe, and endowed with vast knowledge and rare
virtues. The progress of the young scholar corresponded to
his docility and excellent parts, and the brilliant qualification
of the master. When the Duke of Braganza was deprived by
death of this master, he was intimately acquainted with the
works of Filangieri ; he had composed numberless poetical
effusions of great brilliancy and harmony ; music was his
ruling passion ; and all the mechanical arts were familiar to
him. A dexterous and undaunted driver, he often drove six.
horses.: The chase, however, was his favourite exercise. He
at last devoted himself principally to military studies, and the
combinations of the higher parts of strategical science.
" About this time the general peace opening a new era to
Europe, which had long been agitated, the Royal families
were enabled to renew their ancient alliances of relationship.
Don John VI., of blessed memory, conceived the project of
marrying his august son to Donna Maria Leopoldina, Arch-
duchess of Austria.
" The great qualities of our Prince, which began every day
to display themselves more and more, obtained for him in the
same ratio the love of the people and the hatred and jealousy
of the courtiers. The Duke of Braganza was eager to prove
to Brazil the great interest he took in its happiness, and an
account of the Revolution of the 24th of August, 1820, reach-
ing the new world, he found an opportunity of satisfying his
desires. On the 26th of February, 1821, he took the oath to
the Portuguese Constitution, in spite of all obstacles; and
from this period we may date his political celebrity. Shortly
afterwards, Don John the Sixth embarked for Por-
tugal, and all Europe from thenceforward admired
the consummate policy, knowledge, and courage, which
tho august Prince displayed in the difficult trust
of governing Brazil; the prudence, dexterity, and liberality
with which he directed the Constitutional movement, and neu-
tralized the intentions and efforts of noxious factions ; and the
degree of consideration and prosperity to which he elevated the
new empire, which could no longer continue a part of the Por-
tugese monarchy. On the death of his august father, Don
Pedro was successor to the Crown of Portugal ; but he abdi-
cated in favour of our Queen, Donna Maria 11., restoring to
us generously our ancient liberties. The government by
charter was unable to resist the plots of the absolutists ; the
usurpation followed, and with it the emigration, and its dis-
asters and glories. Little or no hope remained to the Por-
tuguese patriots, when a great event and a new abdication,
brought to Europe the magnanimous Duke of Braganza.
" Cabal and diplomatic intrigue exerted themselves stre-
nuously to draw the Prince from the noble enterprise of saving
the country ; but the numerous and extraordinary obstacles
which he had to encounter never overcame his heroic perse-
verance, or caused him to despair. He succeeded in landinf,
the liberating expedition on the shores of Portugal ; and the'
twelve historical months of the siege of Oporto, the most
glorious of modern times, and the whole series of wonderful
events which followed, till the final annihilation of the usurpa-
tion, earned for our Liberator a more brilliant crown than all
those that had adorned his august brow.
" The rapid and varied crisis of active and agitated life,
the fatigues, obstacles, and difficulties to which he was exposed
during an arduous struggle, and perhaps also the ingratitude
of some degenerate Portuguese, shortened his days—in a
conjuncture, in which Portugal, divided into parties, required
the aid of his strong arm to give impulse to the new system,
and of his energetic voice to impose silence on the factious.
The Portuguese are indebted for more benefits to the short
and tempestuous period of his Regency than to the long reigns
of the twenty-five monarchs his predecessors. He was the
model of the Princes of his time for public and private
virtues. The country never can cease to be grateful
for the advantages derived from the Prince her li-
berator, and who came to close his eyes and sleep
the sleep of the just in the land of his birth ! Close
to the city, which was the immortal theatre of his glory, rises
a hill, an eternal monument of patriotism and valour ; there it
is said will be deposited the heart of the august Prince—that
heart, which, while it beat, felt only generous, patriotic, and
liberal affections—that heart which never gave way at sight of
perils, that rose above them, and that was alone accessible to
the ambition of glory acquired by benefits rendered to the libe-
rated, independent, and happy people. The shade of the great
man will then appear terrible to the enemies of the country ;
generous hearts will repair thither to pay the grateful tribute
of admiration and reverence ; and future generations will learn
from his tomb to detest tyrants, and to love liberty !
" His Imperial Majesty expired in the arms of a spouse
worthy of him—a model of conjugal love, of constancy, and
of every virtue. The widow and daughter of two great men,
who lived in the agitated sea of political tempests, she now
laments the loss of her husband in the palace of our kings,
beside the august Queen, whom she also loved as a daughter,
and whose mind she adorned with all the endowments she
possesses.
" This day, the 27th September, the mortal remains of the
liberator of the country, the worthy rival of Don John 1., will
be transferred to the ancient monastery of St. Vincent in this
city, and placed beside those of his august father. Great in
life, and perhaps greater in death, which he expected many
days with the serenity of a Christian philosopher, his Imperial
Majesty wished that his funeral should not be that of a prince,
but that of a soldier—the first soldier of the Liberating Army !
" Portugal will long mourn the loss of so great a man. Li-
berty owes more to him than to any Prince of the last or pre-
sent age ; history will entitle him the First Liberal Monarch.
" The Duke of Braganza will live eternally in the hearts of
the Portuguese. The virtues of his august daughter our
Queen, the imitator of the great dualities of her august father,
will always keep alive among us the grateful memory of the
benefits wnich the nation received from Don Pedro IV., head
of the Liberating army, and Regent."

By the arrivals to the 2d, by the 4frican, from Lis
bon, we learn the exact formation of the new Cabinet
The following is the order of the Ministerial Ap

pointments :
The Duke of PALMELLA President of the Counci
The Bishop of COIMBRA (President
of the Chamber of Deputies) Minister of the Interior.
Senhor CARVALIIO . Minister of Finance.
Conde de VILLA REAL Foreign Affairs.
Duke of TERCEIRA .. War.
Senhor FREIRE Marine.
Senhor FERRAZ Justice.

These appointments are such as we were prepared
to expect from the well-known character of the Queen's
advisers ; and they show a grateful recollection, on the
of the Sovereign, of the great sacrifices made in
the Constitutional cause. The Portuguese are highly
pleased with them.

We have received by express from Paris the French
Papers of Thursday, with private intelligence from
Bayonne, dated the 28th of September. Our worst
fears regarding the Spanish loans have been rea-
lized. The Chamber of Procuradores rejected the
whole of the Guebhard loans, and the consequence is,
that thousands are involved in utter ruin. This was
increased by the French Government having published
half of the telegraphic despatch from Madrid, declaring
the whole of the foreign debt recognized, and not
making known the resolution of the Chamber,
by which the Guebhard loans were an-
nulled. We abstain from making any com-
ments on this disgraceful transaction till Monday,
but the following extract from the Constitutionnel will
show some of its melancholy consequences :
‘, New disasters again break in upon us ! New victims of
the infamous practice of stock-jobbing in the Spanish Funds,
grounded upon the contradictory news which seems to have
been solely invented for the scandalous profit of the privileged
men of the Exchange and of the telegraph, and which results in
the ruin and despair of the greater number, have been made
Guebhard's loan has experienced a tremendous fall in conse-
quence of a telegraphic despatch having announced the rejection
of that loan, and the third article, which divides the debt into
active and passive. Now, before the despatch was placarded
on 'Change, we can affirm that sales were effected by per-
sons who, no doubt, had received previous information.
When the news was spread, and the loan fell with ter-
rific rapidity, it is impossible to describe the desolation
which prevailed on every side, and the bursts of in-
dignation which succeeded. But this is not all : a private
courier from Madrid, who left on the 26th, arrived at
Paris yesterday morning, after having performed the journey

with inconceivable speed. A courier, presumed to belong to
the Government, quitted at the same time, but unfortunately
broke his leg in the mountains of Arragon. The former
courier, on his arrival, brought an account currently reported
in Madrid, that an arrangement had been entered into between
Toreno and the OpPosition' to give the command of the Na-
varrese army to General Mina, and to annul the Guebhard
Loan, both of which have been done. In return for these
two concessions the majority was to vote for the acknowledg-
ment and payment of the Perpetuelles and Cortes' Bonds,
at least in part. M. de Rayneval must have been informed of
this, and could not have neglected to dispatch intelligence of
such vast importance. This contradictory news must have
been the result of deliberate calculation, either at Madrid
or at Paris, for the purpose of enabling certain indivi-
duals to realize enormous profits. This scandalous affair
must, however, be brought to light. An end must
be put to these odious tricks, which compromise the interests
of a nation and the honour of a ministry. This disgusting
issue of iniquity must, doubtless, have been woven at Madrid,
but its accomplices in Paris should be discovered. Public
opinion demands satisfaction ; and the only means which the
Ministry possesses of proving its want of participation is to
_make known the guilty parties."
FRENCH. FUNDS.—Paats, OcT. 2.
Five per Cents., 105 c. '2sc. 40t,. 3Ce.
Four per Cents., 9-2 f. —c.
Three per Cents., 77f. :15c..50c. 60c. .
Bank Actions, 1,782 f. 50c. 1,785 f.
Bente de Naples, 91C 75c 70e. 60c.
•
Roman Tire per Cents., 96 95% 96.
Rente d'E'pagne, Five per Cents., 43,4 41 44.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., '47 97%%.
Royal Spanish Loan, 23 22 24.
ilentePerpetAVE,pagne, Five per Cents., 40% 41
Belgian Loan, rive per Cents., 101} ,A 34.
Haytian Loan, 2601.

EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, —f. —c ; money, 2 f :15c.
three month,paper, 25f. ‘..-L 34c. ; money, 25f. 2)c.
—Coura Authenlique.

We have received the Guiana Chronicle to the 14th
August, from which it will be seen that the state of
affairs in that colony is any thing but satisfactory :

" The accounts from the Essequibo portion of the colony
continue as gloomy as ever. The return of the steam-boat
which conveyed his Excellency and the grenadier company of
the Sfith regiment to that district, gives us intelligence that
the disaffected negroes, who had taken possession of the
parish church had been dispersed. Our accounts from this dis-
trict are brought down to twelve o'clock yeterdaY, when mat-
ters remained in the same state. It is painful to add, likewise,
that the destruction of property amongst the cane cultivation,
plantain walks, and provision grounds has been immense.
" Along the west coast matters do not in the slightest degree
improve. District courts continue to be held on different

plantations.
" The accounts from Bertice of yesterday's date represen

- •
that in that portion of the colony the same stubborn resistance
of law and authority exists amongst the labouring population."

We have Barbadoes Papers to the 20th August, at
which time the greatest tranquillity prevailed.

Mr. O'CONNELL is uneasy about the Rent. This
is a clear case. His letter to SHARNLAN CRAWFORD,
on the subject of tithes, betrays his inquietude in every
line. He feels that his Duncannon epistles showed
too strong a Ministerial bias ; so now, to right theba-
lance, he comes forward with as strong a display of
Ministerial antipathy. " For seven hundred years,"
says he, " tyranny has been the means resorted to by
our English rulers, to tranquillize Ireland. These are,
alas I the only means which they have to this hour,
aye, even up to this hour, employed to produce the
peace of this ill-fated land. They are, Ido really be-
lieve, as ready to repeat the atrocious experiment, as if
seven hundred years of similar misrule had not proved,
that although the exhibition of discontent may be sup-
pressed for a season, yet that it, after a short pause,
shows out again in renovated and increased rage,
vigor, and wildness of revenge." Fine words these, and
with what marked propriety they proceed from one
who was among the foremost to sign the Address to
Lord ALTHORP, requesting him to continue in office ;
and who but the other day told Lord DUNCANNON
he was all that he should be as Home Secretary; and
that in consequence of his accession to office, he had
himself become a Ministerial man I We neither
know nor care what Mr. O'CONNELL may be as a
private man ; but as a politician, his name is a syno-
nym for treachery and tergiversation. There is no
keeping—no harmony—not even the shadow of a
principle—in his public character. "He turns his
back on himself"—as Lord CASTLEREAGII would
say—at least -six days out of the seven. If this were
the mere result of a vivid imagination, liable to be car-
ried away by generous but mistaken impulses, we could
make allowances for it ; but with Mr. O'CONNELL it
is far different. He is, and has ever been, (whatever
his admirers may urge to the contrary) a keen, calcu-
lating man of the world, who knows on which side
his bread is buttered ; and what course of policy best
suits his own interests. As for trusting him, we
would as soon trust a cat with a canary. All his
movements have but one object—tend to but one
end—the aggrandizement of Self. Let Ireland .go
to ruin—let England be dismembered—what cares
he, provided the " Rent" still flourishes ? This
is the spirit that pervades his article to SHAR-
MAN CRAWFORD--that points its style, and lends
meaning to its absurdities. The abolition of tithes,
he finds, is now more popular in Ireland than Repeal ;
accordingly, Repeal is thrust in the back-ground, and
Tithes brought prominently for Ward. But, least Mini-
sters might take this grievance out of his hands,
and so cut from under him one of the great
props of his popularity, Mr. O'CONMELL pur-
posely rushes into the extreme of red-hot Radi-
calism, and suggests to them a series of propositions
which no English Ministry ever did, or ever will
be able to carry into effect. And thus acting, lie
calls himself a patriot I And so he is. But in the
sense that JACK CADE was a patriot, who would
have no King but himself—no Minister but himself--
no laws, but those which he himself promulgated, and
of which he himself was to reap the chief advantage.
We make no extracts from Mr. O'CONNELL'S letter ;
for though just as absurd as ever, it is dull to a de-
gree, bordering on the supernatural. " Oh, what a
fall is here, my countrymen I" From a Merry-An-
drew to a proser I Yet such is the present degenerate
condition of the " Member for all Ireland !"