The Sun.
London, England, 1851-04-04 00:00:00

ITALY.

The Milan Gazette of the 28th ult. officially con-
firms the news of the Emperor of Austria having de-
clared Venice a free port immediately on his arrival
in that city.
The Statuto of Florence of the 26th ult. states that
twenty-five students have been excluded from the
University of Pin, for having been present at the
funeral service which was celebrated on the 23d ult.
in commemoration of the battle of N ovara.
The Armonia of Palermo gives an account of a
most violent storm, followed by an inundation, which
occurred there on the 11th and 12th ult. The
waters from the adjacent mountains pene-
trated into the town by torrents, after
overthrowing all the dams. The corps of pio-
neers was immediately called out to open an egress
to this sudden flood, which, however, was not effected
until the 13th. The director of the Astronomical
Observatory of Palermo has announced that on the
12th and 13th ult., there fell five inches and a half
of rain, being about the fourth part of the rain of one
whole year.

PRINTERS' PENSION SOCIETY.
scrh t enty-fourth anniversary of this society was
held on Wednesday, at the London Tavern, Mr. William
Ewsr t, M.P., in the chair. The musical arrangements
were under the direction of Mr. Hodson, jun. Grace
having been sung on the removal of the cloth, the usual
loyal toasts were drunk with every demonstration of
enthusiasm; after which the Chairman :gave—" The
Stationers' Company; the steady Supporters of this
Society since its commencement."
The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the toast of the even-
ing—" Success to the Printers' Pension Society," said
they had now come to a toast which came home to the
hearts and feelings of all who took an interest in societies
such as this. He recollected that a year and a half ago
the celebrated Guizot said that nothing struck him so
much in this country as the number of institutions
which were supported by voluntary subscriptions ;
and he understood the prosperity of this institution was
based much on the contributions of the workmen them-
selves. So much the better he would say,—(Hear.)
Because unless those societies were self-supporting,
they lost the foundation on which they must depend
fur permanent stability.—(Hear, hear.) He be-
lievcd that these convivial meetings were not
quite so well attended as they formerly were ;
w..ether this arose from an alteration in msn's habits
he could not say; but of this he was sure, that charity
would find the place of habit, and supply the place of
those who did not feel it compatible with their feelings
to attend them. He considered the printer as a man to
whom society was peculiarly indebted.—(Cheers.) Ho
know that no body of men acted so much as the medium
to enlighten mankind. The Hon. Gentleman concluded
an eloquent speech by a warm appeal on behalf of the
charity.
Mr. PARSON proposed," The health of the Chairman,"
which was drank with great cordiality.
The CHAIRMAN returned thanks, and assured the so-
ciety that he was ready at all times to support the cause
of the imtitution.

Song by Mr. Young—" Sweet Mary of the Vale."
" The Bank of England, the liberal Contributors to
this Charity," was next given.

The CHliumax, i❑ it. very elaborate speech, gave,
" The Fountain of all Knowledge, the Bulwark of Free-
dom, and the Founder of Free States—the Press."
The CHAIRMAN next gave, "The Master Printers,
and may they speedily become subscribers to the Printers'
Pension Society."
Mr. TuonPsoN responded to the toast, and expressed
his unfeigned regret that he shoutd be the only master
printer present who was a subscriber.
The subscriptions amounted to nearly 2001.

FATHER. GAVAZZI'S LECTURES.
The subject of Father Gavazzi's lecture, at Willis's
Rooms, on Wsdnesdey, was The Temporal Power of
the Pope." The room was densely crowded with a
fashionable audience.
The Reverend Speaker commenced his discourse
by denouncing as false and unfounded the t&aer-
ttons made by Cardinal Wiseman, in tho sermon
preached by him on the 12th of May, 1850, that
the successor of St. Peter bad been restored to
the seat of his temporal jurisdiction cut of respect
to and fur the sake of his spiritual power. He main-
tained, on the contrary, that every fact and every do-
cument connected with the restoration of the Pope
proved irrefragably that both France and Austria had
been ectuated throughout the whole of that transac-
tion solely by political motives, and that they looked
upon the Pope merely as a temporal prince. The
Romish bishops and priests who preached and printed
the contrary in London, in order that it reieht be
believed by the Catholics in England and Ire-
land, did so from the most selfish motives, and as they
must be well aware of the falsehood of the statements
they were making he could not but designate them as
impostors upon Christianity, and defrauders of these be-
neath their influence. It was for his temporal power
alone the Pope had been brought back to Rome, and as
he should show the possession of that power by the
Popes had been fatal to the church from the
first moment it was acquired down to the
day when Pio IX. was forced back upon an
unwilling people at the point of French bayonets,
and by the weight of Austrian artillery, He main-
tained that, the Church being in its origin a purely
spiritual institution, the entirely worldly form which it
Lad bean made to assume, by the assumption cf temporal
power, was utterly in opposieion to the intentions of its
Divine Founder. That it was unnecessary was proved
by the fact that the Church had grown and Banished
for tight centuries af:er its foundation without any
admixture of the laical principle, and it would, there-
fore, be ebeard and iosulting to Christianity to assert
that at the present day it had need of the support of
that principle • to onabb it to continue in existeece.
What were the words of Christ.?—"My kingdom is not
of this world!" How had the Popes followed his exa-
m:Doe when he fled from the Jews wishing to make him
their King! So long as the Popes were without tempo-
ral power they were free, but as soon as they accepted
the fatal gift they became the dependants of all the
monarchs of the earth, a dependence through
the best interests of religion have too which
oo
often been
sacrificed to the political designs
of schismatic
iuces He then proved by references to the history of
pr •
that t%et,tlrun.
various Popes, aniong other, tlareellinus,
necent, Pontian, Pius VII., and Pius IX.,
independence of the Pope consists in his spiritual strength
and not in his temporal power; and the lives of tae4
j'ones showed that, oven in captivity or exile, they may
he Wholly independent of the exercise of their ministry.
V/here the ministry is purely spiritual, it depends on no
lay authority, and stands in need of neither throne nor
sceptre to insure obedience and respect. The temporal
power of the Popes has never served any other purpose
gratifya the of some or to support the riot
and to
in ot
and extravegauce of others, and all ages it has been
the fruitful source of disorders end abuses, by which the
Church had been outraged and scandalized in the conduct
of its members. The Church of Rome, at the present day,
is one huge sink of vice, luxury, simony, and perfidy, with
its cabal arid intrigues, pervading every rank and class of
society, from the College of Cardinals down to the pettiest
Phrnim`bitliw,h;° hung about 'the Vatican. What could be more
and degrading to the Church than the shame-
less corruptionandtrickery which marked the conclaves for
the election of Popes,
which almost invariably resulted
in imposing on the Christian world pontiffs who cast dis-
honour upon their Church by their crimes and debauch-
eries. What had been said by one of themselves? That
ever since temporal Power had wee
upon the Roman
Pontiff& their lives had been marked by open disregard
cit. the doctrines and example of their Divine Master,
that they had seemed rather t and
Lucifer than
carve
Christ. After an eloquent description
and magnificence of the feenition tut
in Rome, so contrary to the austerityetiaSti"residing
which marked the lives of the apostles and
the Church, tho reverend orator concluded
fathers ef
simplicity
to the recent inroad of a Roman hierarchy
civil and tirerttreferring
Ile characterited that proceeding of the join England.
as an aggression on the liberties, of Rome
Ruithus, of
the people of England, originating with
Austria, in order to force upon them the ignorance, and
su-
perstition, and slavery which everywhere followed the
establishment of Papal domination.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.
CHANCELLOR'S MEDALISTS.

CAMBRIDGE, Ann, 2.—The two gold medals given
annually by the Chancellor of the University to two com-
mencing Bachelora of Arts, who, having obtained senior
°willies at least, show themselves the best proficients in'
classical learning, have been adjudged as follows:-
1. Ds. Lightfoot, Trinity College.
2. Ds. Burn, Trinity College.
THE ADASIS PRIZE.
The University having accepted a fund raised by
several members of St. Johres College for the purpose of
founding a priza to be called the Adams Prize, for the
-Z-irir-4, est essay on_ tome subject of pure mathematics, astro-
f„7":::,TeitlAtnonty, or other branch of natural philosophy, the prize
ire given once in two years, and to be open to the cora-
• •
,4y.fetiltou of all persons who have at any time been ad-
.., -.,asitted to a degree in this University;—
, .following OA 81,14j*Ct for ,the prize in 1852
{`y" Aa Investigation of the Perturbations of the Moon

.11;4;

in Latitude produced by the Action of Venus, and pare
titularly of the Secular Movement, and the Inequalities
of LoLg Period in the Movement of the Moon's Node."
The essays must be sent in to the Vice• Chancellor on
or before July 1, 1852, privately; each is to have some
motto prefixed, and to be accompanied by a paper
sealed up, with the same motto on the outside; which
paper is to enclose another, folded up, having the can-
didate's name and college written within.
The papers containing the names of those candidates
who may not succeed will be destroyed unopened.
Any candidate is at liberty to send in his essay
printed or lithographed.
The successful candidate will receive about 1201. He
is required to print the essay at his own expense, and
to present a copy to the University Library, to the
library of St. John's College, and to each of the four
examiners.

G. E. ConarE,-Vice-Chancellor; G. B. AIRY,
PROFESSORSHIP CHALLIS, o
W. 111:
A R C
MILLER.LZLO
John Disney, Esq , to whose munificence the Univer-
sity E DISNEYG Y
.
is indebted for the collection of ancient marbles
lately deposited in the Fitzwilliam Museum, and known
by the name of The Museum Disneianum," offers to
transfer tl the Chancellor, Misters, and Scholars of the
University of Cambridge, 1,0001. Three per Centum
per Annum Consolidated Bank Annuities, for the pur-
pr)se of founding and endowing a Professorship of Clas-
sical Antiquities, to be called " The Disney Professor-
ship of Archaeology," subject to the following condi-
tions, viz.:—
That the professor bo a member of the University of
Cambridge, and of the degree of Master of Arts, or some
higher degree.
That the prof,sso: be required to deliver six lectures
at least during each academical year on subjects of An-
tiquarian Research and the Fine Arts.
That the appointment to the professorship remain with
Mr. Disney during his lifetime, and that after Mr.
Disney's decease the'appointment be vested in the Vice-
Chancellor and Heads of Colleges, or their locum tenens.
That the professorship be tenable for five years; and
that the professor be capable of being re-elected.
A grace, to authorise the acceptance of Mr. Disney's
proposal, will be offered to the Senate on Friday next,
April 4, when a draft of the proposed endowment deed
will be laid upon the registry's table.

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.
We have much pleasure in directing the attention of
our readers to the following account of several ingeni-
ous productions about to be exhibited amidst the other
attractions of the crystal palace. They are the inven-
tion of Mr. William Dyne, an employe of the London
and South Coast Company, at their London station.
Mr. Dyne is, we understand, the first person in the
kingdom who applied gutta percha in the con-
struction of life-boats, rafts, &c., he having taken out a
patent for that purpose in 1847. A highly favourable
opinion of these boats was expressed by Captain Austin,
and but for an accidental delay some of them would have
been taken out by the gallant Captain, on his recent
Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin.
The following description will convey to the reader
some idea of the inventions, and of the extreme inge-
nuity their construction has called forth:-
1. THE ECLIPSE, OR STANDARD LIFE BOAT, posses-
sing the following recommendations, which no other
boat in its present construction can ever attain. It is
economically constructed, possessing in its formation
great strength and durability. It is very buoyant,
frees itself instantly of all water shipped, will keep its
upright position in the heaviest sea, is difficult to be
turned over, and if upset will right itself immediately;
impossible to be injured by hard collision, and is pro-
vided with a couch whereon to lay those suffering from
immersion. It is formed of diagonal battens laid
similar to that of lattice work, and its outer sheathing
is formed of gutta percha; its buoyancy is 350 cubic feet
of air, capable of sustaining upwards of 91 tons. It has
in its bottom 3,600 holes half an inch in diameter to
allow all water shipped to pass off; it has a convexed
bottom, 30 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 18 inches deep,
in which are placed three perforated fins for the pur-
pose of steadying and keeping the boat in an upright
position ; acting when the boat lurches from either
beam similar to a paddle-wheel ; a re-action taking
place through the perforated parts; which will be seen
to multiply its weight of water to four times its amount;
in this convexed part and between the fins is contained
two tons of weight of water, which must be displaced
therefrom before the boat can turn over, but such will
be almost impossible, it being more than half the weight
of the boat; but as a provision against such a lament-
able disaster, she turns over on her quarter sixteen cwt.
of water, which rights her again. It may be remarked
that the two tons and sixteen cwt. of water referred
to is not one ounce weight to the boat when in her up-
right position—thus, it will be seen that Nature is its
servant as also its own master. At the stem and stern,
and on each beam and quarter, is run a bow, to which is
connected galvanized springs which will not corrode,
and will be found of the greatest utility in the event of
collision, which act similar to that of railway buffers;
in fact, at the very glance of the model, will be seen
great strength combined with lightness, and that its
construction is so compact that it gains the admiration
of all that see it. This model is submitted for the ap-
proval of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland for
the prize of a hundred guineas, and bids fair to be the
successful one, having all the qualities his Grace desires.
2. A GUTTA. PERCHA LIFE BUOY, for the rescue of
individuals from drowning, or to enable a stranded
vessel to communicate with the shore. It is intended to
be placed at the stern of the ship, so that on an alarm
being given (a man overboard) the person at the helm
can dislodge it instantly, and as it falls into the sea a
fuzee becomes igniter), which burns with a brilliant
light, guiding the sinking man to it; should it occur at
night, four uprights arts placed upon it, containing
rockets, blue, and other li:hts, which ignite on being
drawn out, thus acting as a beacon to the crew.
3. AN EMIGRATION LIFE RAFT, intondfd fur a first •
el-,ss vessel, of the following dimensions:-20 feet long
by 14 feet wide; it is firmly united by strong bolts, and
is very portable from the mode of its construction, which
ailowe it to be folded up in the compass of 20 feet long
by 2 feet 6 inches wide. On occasion of shipwreck it is
capable of supporting 100 persons, as well as provisions
for seven days, allowing to each individual two and a
half pounds of food and one pint of v. ater per day, in
addition to which it may be made available for a portion
of the cargo, and can be put in requisition in a few mi-
nutes. It will be found very useful in many cases of en-
gineering, and may be used as pontoons, which they
greatly surpass in buoyancy and portability, being easily
carried by two or three persons, while the others require
a waggon and two horses to convey them from place to
place.
__

4. A LIFE LAUNCH on an entirely new principle: is
rendered buoyant by inflated cushions placed under the
gunnel, which protects it from injury when coming in
contact with rocks or the sides of a ship, in being
lowered for use. Let it be hero remarked that the life
boats now in use are almost invariably crushed and
rendered useless in the event of a wreck, by concussion
against the side of a ship. A boat constructed on this
principle, from 25 to 30 feet in length, contains upwards
of a thousand gallons of air, and would support six
hundred persons, were it possible for so many to attach
ihernselves to it. The tedious and incessant labour in
baling, so necessary with all other life-boats is, by this
invention, entirely superseded, being provided with a
false bottom perfi rated with holes, through which the
water passes off, leaving a dry surface. The boat is
also furnished with a tank of fresh water, and the gun-
nels with lockers, containing water-proof bags of guva
percha, for the reception of provisions; a water-proof
awning of gutta percha lies rolled up on the gunnel,
which can be raised so as to form a complete protection
from the inclemency of the weather, over which a lamp
or other signal of distress is placed. The cushions may
easily be removed when the vessel is in port, and may
be used as a common boat; it will serve as a paddle-box
boat on board of a steamer, the cushions acting as
fenders in the event of concussion.
5. THE GUTTA PERCH/ E3IIGRATION LIFE BOAT is
constructed with ribs moving on pivots, in a line with
the keel, the gunnels folding down iu the same direc-
tion; it rossesses, therefore, this recommendation, that
fifty of these boats can be packed in the space usually
occupied by five ordinary ones. They will be found of
great utility in emigrant ships, which for want of room
can only take two or three ordinary boats, whereas they
may with no additienal inconvenience carry a ith them
a sufficient number to save the whole of the passengers
and crew. They will be found of great service in over-
land
j°urnea's, and for use on the coast, being stronger,
lighter,
and lees expensive than any now employed.
6. A GUTTA. PERCIIA LIFE VEST; capable of being
inflated at
pleasure, Which may be worn under or over
the dress, forming a protection against the weather, when
not required as a life-preserver; this will be shown on a
how animals may
man in connexion with a horse equipped with buoyant
belts, showing
event of wreck, by forming
with the
shore; this is an interesting model.
pa-
tented various plans of life belts which communication
nectrs-"'ess these a
conlua. made u:neful in the
are also
va-
luable recommendations over all othersP
hey require no
tying, but are fixed round the body, and fastened by a
clasp or spring, consequently not a moment is lost
times of emergency. They also contain receptaelrstfionr
money, papers, and small valuables. Also buoyari
boxes, cases, belts, and cushions for ditto, which can be
attached to property of any description, without adding
to their bulk; and buoyant camp stools for steamers,
&e.; and two models which will attract some attention
with the curious in the great building in Hyde-park—e
" Stone Life Boat and Buoy" will be shown floating on
the surface of the water, independent of any buoyant
properties being added thereto; also a newly-invented
article, a " Life Boat Comb," for the safety of boats
when boarding wrecked or distressed vessels in heavy
surfs.— Sussex Advertiser.

REPORT of the TITIIE COMMISSION, 1850.
The following is a copy of the report of the Tithe
Commissioners to her Majesty's Secretary of State
for the Home Department, dated February 24
1851 :

the corniouta‘t‘ioTiiiFeb. 24, 1851.
to report
Sir,_ It is our dutyhe progress of
mi
ri: sEi °onnrgt landOtofri3c.eo:un d Wales to the
close of the year °
t''chl:ts:::
1 .
have couire,nced in 9,63.1 tithe districts; of these
Olio wag received during the year 1850.
" We have received notice that voluntary procencodtivess
1 We have received ;,070 ^grcemt2nts, and confirmed
during of these two
during the year 185h0!10 been " received and two confirmed
" 6,966 notices fet reakin-, awards have been issued, of
which 213 were issued Burin
"We have received 5 g the year 1850'
dr,j-u hts of compulsory
,529
awards, end confirmed 5,260; of these 173 have been re-
ceives] and 218 have been confirmed during thc.year 1850.
" We have received 11,424 apportionments, and con-
firmed 11,246; and of these 320 have been received aed
353 confirmed during the year 1850.
"la 12,038 tithe districts, as will be seen from the