The Sun.
London, England, 1851-05-28 00:00:00

EVENING MAY 28, 1851.

Goocienian 114 d poketi of notice, but no pereon a
Mouse aware of the character of their proceedings would
suppose it was iiwurnbent on his Hon. Friend to have
given notice that in the course of the debate he might
poasibly introduce a eharg, of this nature. He 'lx-
inented, however, that his Hon. Friend was mietaken,
a 3 indeed ho was mistaken, in tbn statement he had
made. Linclonlitidly there icste,l no blame on the
Colonial-ofliee. If any, it was in the corrector of the
res 4. He thought the Right Hon. Gentleman haci.
deviated from his usual course of forbearance, and to
that he attributed much of the warmth that had beet;
displayed,

Sir U. GREY said, that alter the statetnent of the
Right Hon. Gentleman, that no charge was made against
the Colonial-office, that that charge was without founds-
t ion, and that the Hon. Gentleman was wholly mistaken
in preferring that charge, he had no hesitation whatever
in expressing his regret at having used an expression
that could be in the lea>t degree personally offensive to
the Hon. Gentleman.—(Hear, hear.)
The debate was then adjourned..
COURT OF CHANCERY.
Mr. J. STUART moved an address to the Crown,
praying for the addition to the Court of Chancery Com-
mission of two or more non-professional persons, to aid
as meu of business the labours of the Commissioners;
and also, that the Commissioners be directed to apply
their immediate attention to the course of business before
the Masters in Chancery.
Sir J. TROLLOPE, in seconding the motion, sug-
gested that a great amount of relief might be given to
the Court of Chancery by transferring the winding-up
business to the Courts of Bankruptcy, where at present
much leisure prevailed.
The ATTORNEY-GENERAL did not see that there
was anything objectionable in the motion itself, but he
wished it had been brought forward at an earlier hour,
and when more gentlemen connected with the Court of
Chancery were present. He objected in their absence
to proceed with the motion.

Mr. STUART consented not to press his motion at
present, and the debate was adjourned till Monday neat.
The other business upon the paper was then disposed
of, and the House adjourned at a Quarter to Two o'clock.

TO THE SECRETARY OF THE BRADFORD
REFORM ASSOCIATION.
(EVE)RY MONDAY AND AVEDNB6DAY.)
Sir,—On Monday the 26th, was a continuation of the
discussion on the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill. There was
little to be noted in it, except the irrelevancy of some of
the efforts made by the Catholic leaders to distract at-
tention by scattering blame upon the Government. One,
for example, charged the Government with the short-
coming of having done nothing to relieve the work-
ing classes from indirect taxation, and life-incomes
from the income-tax. As if the Government was not at
this moment in hot water, through its avowed efforts to
lay taxation on the rich as tho,means of relieving the
poor from taxes on consumptioh, and as if the outcry
about life-incomes was not a blunder, a fallacy, or a
fraud, dependent on concealing the fact that the unfair-
nesi arises solely out of not making the income-tax as it
ought to be, perpetual. The struggle for making
the rich pay their share of taxes, will be as hard as ever
were the Roman struggles for the Agrarian Law, or the
more promising, though by no means conclusive, effort
for the abolition of the Corn Laws. But it will succeed
in time, notwithstanding the ignorance or the violence of
the interested on the two opposing sides.
After this, no less than six divisions wore expended in
a contest to prevent a proceeding in Committee; a little
Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, you will suppose, or at all
events a pro aril et Jocis struggle for somebody. Not-
withstanding the chivalrous resistance, it was finally
carried "That the Commissioners of her Msjesty's
Treasury be authorised to pay the salaries of the Com-
missioners, and the other expenses which may be in-
curred under any Act of the present session for appoint-
ing Commissioners to inquire into the existence of
Bribery in the borough of St. Alben's."
On Tuesday the debate was on a motion for cen-
sure on the Government on the subject of the proceed-
ings of Lord Torrington in Ceylon. The case is a bad
one, and how the Government are to get out of it, is not
easy to see. Their situation is in one view a hard one;
lee it is certain that they have never of their own will
encouraged misconduct. But there is a gulf between
this, and having either the will or the power energetic-
ally to repress it; in fact it is beyond the age. Tao
debate was finally adjourned till Thursday.
I am, Sir, yours very sincerely,
AN OLD REFORMER.
London, May 28, 1851.

ISLE OF WIGHT ELECTION

RETURN OF THE LIBERAL CANDIDATE.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
COWES, TUESDAY, SEVEN O'CLOCK.—This union of
the people against the aristocracy of the island, should
be a lesson to the kingdom at large of what the middle
classes can !do when they make up their minds to a
thing. Mr. Dawes is one of the people, and after a tre-
mendous struggle of two days' duration, they have suc-
ceeded in returning him to represent them in Parliament
by a glorious majority of 46: Even Sir Richard Simeon,
the former Liberal Representative of the island, at
this election (to his shame be it said) voted against
the Liberal candidate, and in opposition to the very elec-
tors who had before returned him to Parliament. A
great deal has been said of the bribery and intimidation
made use of, such as 101. for mending a coat, and 51. for
a paltry shell ; but all was to no purpose, except to
convince the people of the necessity for the ballot.
FINAL CLOSE OF THE POLL.

Dawes. Hamond.
Cowes and Yarmouth
Newport
Ryde

565 519
Majority
Leaving not twenty voters in the island unpolled!!!

COURT CIRCULAR.

The Queen and Prince Albert, with the Princess
Royal, accompanied by the Prince and Princess of
Prussia, Prince Frederick William, and the Princess
Louisa of Prussia, the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Co-
burg Gotha, and Duke Ernest of Wurtemberg, resumed
their inspection of the Works of Industry of all Nations
at the Exhibition yesterday morning, arriving at the
building at half•past nine, and remaining till nearly
eleven o'clock. In attendance on the august party were
the Hon. Beatrice Byng, the Countess A. de Hacke, the
Countess Oriolla, the Baroness de Wangenheim, Count
Pokier, Colonel Hon. Charles Grey, Lieutenant-Colonel
Francis Hugh Seymour, Major Von Boyen, Count
Goltz, Colonel Fischer, Lieutenant Von Heinz, and M.
Bdc. Treskow.

Their Royal Highnesses the Prince: and Princess of
Prussia, and Prince Frederick William, accompanied by
the Princess Louisa, paid visits yesterday to her Royal
Highness the Duchess of Kout, at Claeence House, St.
James's, and to her Royal Highness the Duchess of
Gloucester, at Gloucester House, to take leave. The
two Princes afterwards went to Apsley House, and
honoured the Duke of Wellington with a visit.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent and his
Serene Highness the Prince of Leinengen, visited and
took leave of the Prince and Princess of Prussia, in the
afternoon, at Buckingham Palace.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of
Prussia, Prince Frederick William, and the Princess
Louisa, attended by the Countess A. do Hacke, the
Countess Oriolla, Count Pukler, Major Von Boyers,
Count Goltz, Colonel Fischer, and Lieutenant Von
Heinz, took leave of the Queen yesterday afternoon on
their departure from England.
Her Majesty, with the Prince of Wales and the Prince
Alfred, attended by the Ladies in Waiting, the Master
of the Horse, the Master of the Household, and the
other gentlemen in waiting, accompanied her royal visi-
tors to the hall of the Palace. The Duke and Dut:heas
of Saxe Coburg Gotha, and Duke Ernest of Wurtem-
burg, also accompanied the Prince and Princess of Prus-
sia to their carriage.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert accompanied the
Prussians Royal Family. The illustrious party quitted
Beeltingham Palace at ten minutes before three o'clock,
and proceeded to the London-bridge terminus, where
hi Royal Highness took leave of his illustrious guests,
who departod by the South-Eastern Railway.f I. Dover,
en route to Ostend. Lieut.-Colonel F. H. Seymour.
Eqm•rry in Waiting to Prince Albert, attended the
Prussian Royal Family to Dover.
his Serene Highness Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar
accompanied the Prince and Princes; of Prussia from
Buckingham Palace to the railway terminus, and there
took leave of their Royal Highnesses.
The Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, attended by
Mr. Birch, vi sited the Zoological Gardens in the Regent's-
park yesterday.
The Princesses Alice, Helena, and Louisa took a drive
in an open carriage and four yesterday.
Prince Arthur was taken an airing yesterday in the
gardens of Buckingham Palace.
The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the
Duchess of Saxe Coburg Gotha, took a drive yesterday
in an open carriage and four. Lieut.-Colonel the Hon.
C. B. Phipps and Colonel the Hon. Charles Grey at-
tended on horseback.
liar Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Duke and
Duchessd
and
Duchess of Saxe Coburg Gotha, Duke Ernest of
Opera
Wurtemberg, honoured the Royal Italian peraith
their presence yesterday evening. The Royal suite
were, the Viscountess Jocelyn, the Hon. Beatrice Byng,
the Baroness Wangenheim, Lord Dufferin, Lord George
Lennox, Lieut.-Colonel Francis Seymour, Colonel the
Hon. Charles Grey, and M. de Treskow.
During the evening his Royal Highness Prince Albert
honoured the Institute of Civil Eaginoers with a visit,
and afterwards returned to the Theatre to her Ma-
jesty.
Lord Dufferin has relieved the Marquis of Osrimr oude
in his duties as Lord in Waiting to the Queen.
Fre-
derick Stovin has relieved Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. Ito-
bel; Boyle in his duties as Groom in Waiting to her
Majesty.
The Prince of Leiningen, accompanied by Prince Ed-
ward of Saxe Weimar, attended by Lord James Murray,
honoured her Majesty's Theatre with their presence last
evening.
The Queen's private hand attended at Buckingham
Palace, after dinner on Monday evening, and played the
following pieces:—
Overture—" Acteon”
Corn Pastorale ... Costa.
Selection—" 11 Comte Ory" ..................... Rossini.
A deputation, consisting of Mr. Raeph Smith, Mr. G.
Dodd, major Boileau, Mr. Sergeant Wallingen,
mr. Tierney Clark, and Mr. Bailey, bad an interview
(d. 111,1'., major
yesterday with Sir George Grey, at the Home-office.
Major Harold had an interview with Earl Grey yes-
terday at the Colonial-office. -(=
Baron Brunnow had an interview yesterday with Sir
George Grey, at the Home-office.
Mr. Cross, Secretary to the Commissioners of National

Education in Ireland, ako Ltd an in!erviefi with Sir
George Grey yesterlay.
Mr. Jackson had an interview with Earl Grey
yesterdny. . .

THE AIIIERICAN 'A r MEN" OF THE

EXEIII3I HUN.

A e.orrespondent of the Times writes in favour of the
Amtricon connibction9 to the Exhibition, th,J in nu
one branch is the Unite I States fairly or atieuir tely r•-
presented; and in this f`shall To fully b.)rneout by sii
Englishmen who have visited America.
Th(f.ti or th,l3l4=elr---741tierit rep re.,
stinted, either as to the extent, the progress, or the
variety of its manufactures. The middle states, Von;
have long been famous for the invention and construc-
tion of some of the finest machinery in the world—in
which branch they are second to none—have here but
three or four machines, which, exctellent as they are,
give but the faintest idea of the gigantic progress of the
country in this particular. The southern states, which
are principally agricultural, are most certainly not repro-
sewed. As an illustration of the many kinds of cotton
cultivated, we find here but samples of seven, while
the different varieties of sugar in the state of Louisiana
are represented by one specimen from a single planta-
tion.

Now, to the causes. First, the want of sufficient in-
formation through the length and breadth of the States
in reference to the character and extent of the Exhibi-
tion. This at present lies at the door of the central
committee at Washington. Secondly, Congress has un-
fortunately appropriated no fund, as in other countries,
to assist exhibitors. And this has operated to strengthen
the third cause—the remoteness of the scene 'of action,
an obstacle increased by the great extent of the country,
which rendered the internal transmission of our contri-
butions expensive and inconvenient, and even, in some
instances, impracticable—and which, added to the dis-
tance itself, made this a very onerous part of our task,
and formed a very considerable portion of our outlay.
The time for preparation, too, was short, considering
the nature of the enterprise and the distance of the
country.
The enumeration of these f. causes, offered in a spirit
of candour and under a firm conviction of their literal
truth, will, it is believed, mainly account for the in-
completeness of the American department of the Ex-
hibition.

STEEL PENS, AND THE " JOURNAL "NOTICES
OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION.
[We have been requested by Mr. Gillott to publish the
following letter, which is a copy of ono that gentle-
man has addressed to the Editor of the Birmingham
Joacrnal:—]
TO THE EDITOR OF THE BIRMINGHAM JOURNAL.

Metallic Pea Manufactory, Victoria Works,
Birmingham, 23d May, 1851.
Sir,—My attention has been called to the article on
Steel Pens, by your " Great Exhibition" Correspondent,
in the Journal of Saturday last, and though it must be
conceded that the contributions of all exhibitors are open
to fair criticism, yet when that criticism is evidently
founded upon error, and may operate indirectly to the
detriment of others, I conceive I am but discharging a
duty in setting the matter right.
In speaking of the steel pens exhibited by a firm in
this town, your correspondent appears to rest the claim
of that firm (and so does the official catalogue) to par
ticular notice and pre-eminence as being the inventors
and users of a certain patented " Pen-makieg machine
capable of being wrought by power," and by which
" six times greater amount of work can be turned out
than by the ordinary process."
The machine alluded to is my own invention.
For several years prior to 1344, a similar machine
was made and worked by myself, and when in the year
1844 I learnt that other parties were seeking to ()burin
a patent for such a machine as their own invention,
took steps to oppose the affixing of the great seal to such
patent before the Lord Chancellor.
Subsequently those parties to whom the merit of the
invention is now ascribed besought me to allow of
their perfecting the paxnt, in consideration of the same
being vested equally in the supposed inventors nod
myself, Cue whole expense of such pate6t being paid by
them, the supposed inventors. This arrangentcnt was
concluded through my sanction under an agreement,
and the patent ps:rfected accordingly, with a condition,
also, that no licence to use it was to be granted to any
party without our mutual consent; sine?, which period
such machines (wEit improvements which have from
time to time suggested themselves to me) have been,
and are now, at work in my, establishment in Graham-
street, Birmingham. _

It will at Once be perceived that, in awarding the
merit of this invention to others, an error has been
committed as to facts, and an injustice done to myself—
I am willing to believe inadvertently.
By inserting this letter in your next publication you
will oblige, Sir, yours &c., JOSEPH GILLOTT.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA.
SAN FRANCISCO, APRIL I.—A curious discovery has
lately been made in one of the inland chains of moun-
tains in Nappa, a place about 70 miles from San Fran-
cisco, which is thus described:—A party started from
Benicia ten days ago upon an exploring expedition,
which they were induced to undertake by the wonderful
accounts of some hunters from the mountains. When
arrived within a short distance of a mountain towards
which they had been travelling a whole day, they heard
a tremendous roaring and hissing, which they found to
proceed from steam issuing from a number of apertures'
in the mountain's sides, and sounding like a great num-
ber of steam-boats " blowing off." The geological for-
mation of the country was extraordinary. In one spot
was a spring bubbling up water so hot as to scald the
hand, while not far off another discharged an ice-cold
stream. Mineral springs of all kinds abounded—sul-
phur, alum, carbonated and chalybeate. A piece of
wood placed in one of the springs was soon petrified.
A quantity of lignite was also found. Minerals of
many kinds were picked up in the vicinity ; the whole
face of the country was covered with sulphur, and the
party could see the process of the formation of limestone
going on in the mountain before their eyes. They also
found a mountain of salt at a little distance. I myself
saw a lump of rock salt picked up some months ago in
the same region of country.
A gentleman who was one of the exploring party has
addressed a letter to one of the Sacramento papers on
the subject of the discovery. lie says—" The fountains
lay open at one view the extraordinary operations of
subterranean heat caused by chemical action instead of
volcanic fire. The action now going on has evidently
affected the neighbouring mountain chains very exten-
sively, and at no distant period. In one place, about 40
miles from the mountain first above-mentioned, ono of
the party broke open a hard rock of shell limestone, and
found in it a perfect shark's tooth with serrated edges,
precisely like the living species in our own waters. In
another place ho broke open limestone more recently
formed, in which were enclosed land snails or helices
with perfect shells, together with fragments of charcoal.
In other places were found carbonized wood, petrified
trees, &c. A green tree which was cut and put into one of
the steam fountains was so altered in less than 48
hours that it could not be distinguished from oak, ash,
or alder. There aro hills which appear not to have
been formed by volcanic fire, but by the action of the
geysers (fountains), and re-cemented into belts of
conglomerate. In one of the caverns was found groups
of silken fibrous crystals, white as snow, resembling the
finest amianthus, which appeared more like vegetable
growth than a mineral formation. In other places
mounds of mineral salts are thrown up em-
bodying many thousted tons. The surrounding
country abounds in bear, deer, elk, hares, ducks,
quail, &c. In fact, all the uninhabited portions of
California abound in wild animals to an extraordinary
extent. The market of San Francisco displays a
variety and profusion of game that is not equalled in any
country."
There is no doubt of the correctness of the account
above given. It has been verified by good authority.
The news from the mines is of the most encouraging
character. A good deal of rain has fallen lately, which
has done good service to the reieere, and a large amount
of gold has lately come in frcm the interior.
The scarcity of gold experienced by persons en-
gaged ,in the purchase of " du,t " in
this
that '
theoar-
Icet for exportation has given rise to the a
" production"is declining. This is not so. The
is increasing steadily. Month after month shows
keep
the increase to those who take the trouble to
the statistics of the gold market. The supposed
" scarcity" is ideal and easily accounted for.
Formerly there were but few persons engaged in
buying gold as a business., Now there is a vastly in-
creased number of bankers and others estAlishtd
San Francisco, and engaged in the purchase of gold for
frate operations have caused a
exportation, whose egg",
(led, and is (duly
keen competition, and have trenched.
uv upon,ii the few old-
established houses. The gold thus
scarce to the individual houses. Other causes render it
" scarce" or more difficult to be obtained by the bankers.
such as the large amount bought by the jewellers for.
the manufacture of ornaments and plate, of which there
is a good deal exported, as also the increase of large-,
towns in the interior, where much gold is chanised for
the necessaries and luxuries of life and in gambling; all
n
which expenditure was formerly concentrated in San
Francisco. The circulation of gold has been
also
les-
sened by the expulsion of the Mexican miners
freely
h han
ving gambling,
aal
woundbliageu,pat. their se: business
and spentpersons
h eengagedirearni earnings sell tradeand retired with their capital,, in shape
other countries; by vast sums having gold dust, to
b
in-
ternal improvements, such as bricktsueoieldn sunk in
ingsand the
like; by large amounts paid away for taxes since the
ad-
ministration of the State has been organized; and,
finally, by an augmented foreign trade having for the
last few mouths taken a
country, to China and to hgroaondillda"alndofogthoeldr opulatceosf, tfl'oer
the purpose of buying cargoes for this market.
A statement of the expert and other statistics 'of
gold dust for the first quarter of the present year is pub-
lished in the San Francisco Herald, which I think is as
correct an estimate as any data existing in the country
can supply. I have compared this statement with one
which I keep myself, and, although there are some (fis-
crepaucies between us in the details, I do not tied much
difference ou the whole. The recapitulation of the
Herald's statement shows the expert, including an esti-
mate of the gold taken away
by pr ivate hands, to be
10,689,142 dolls., valuing the "dust at 16 dolls. the
ounce.
To arrive at the actual production, the following esti-
mates are made :—Gold usedt.y t'io,ls-Ip7r,iovoaotedcoollistrgeilndby
the jewellers in this coun , including
that used at the United States' Assay-office fur ingots;
gold dust shipped without being manifested, carried
overland, and remaining. in the hands of bankers, mer-
chants,private putties tor business and other pur-
poses,2 and
i 50,000 dolls. There amounts, being estimated
at 16 dells. the ounce, if 1 doll.
ounce is cdfled to
brig the " dust ' up to the present nicrket value of 17
dolls. the ounce in San Francisco, anti 60e. the ounce is
also added to bring the gold up to tiro mint value, whiQh