The Sun.
London, England, 1851-10-24 00:00:00

eallo
fr
e- snee)
-c.
nw a the Conservative or Austrtiiahnetooterbffnt
teYeraydviseld-' t e
es n..
;•-t
~,0 vernmentagainst Wesselnott,,,onycaarnrly
young
convicts, sentences
eoneete
ta;
'and to vindicate law and order in kossugth's person
e."'.
41111,h ta‘n az t tte Gee-, e alone, but .n any case to come to a decision on
these points before the open' the Diet, as
w
they were well determined CO by se vvip
force any infraction or slight of't authority of the
judicial tribunals, and any extortion of concessions by
a refusal of the levy to bs denearide'd from the Diet.
The Austrian Ministry srpeVel, however, little
anxious on the subject; they hugged themselves into
the conclusion that all the efforts of the Republicans
would fail befere the firmness of the Government,
and resolved upon nothing ! The Diet begun ; through
half a year the contest was maintained between the
Conservatives and the Opposition. The latter had at
the Table of Deputies, in favour of a censure of the
tribunals, an amnesty, and other demands, among
which was one for the further establishment of the
Hungarian language, a majority of two; but at the
Table of Magnates a majority of nine-tenths against
them ; so that no decision was arrived at, and the
eventual triumph of the Conservatives seemed assured
by the gradual conversion of several of the Opposi-
tion comitats. Thiers was at this time Minister in
France. Prince Metternich was eager to compass
the grant of his 18,000 recruits and the close of the
Diet. The Chancellor, Count Mailath, who had been
appointed to his office in the hope that he would
manage the Diet with better success than his prede-
cessor, Count Palfi, was uneasy at the continuance
of the dispute, and suddenly there appeared, in 1840,
a royal rescript conceding the amnesty. This was by
the old Emperor, since put out of the way. This was
backed by verbal communications calculated to soothe
the opposition Deputies. The recruits, and a contri-
bution, were now voted. Kossuth's glory was en-
Opposition had found their way to the obtaining their
moreg
mt
veen stdemands.wrtootrye through his sentence that the
abandoneduss because deserted meanwhile,vtSovereign.
ge niempb fyu
Kossuth
tahhofteesi
osi Crun
from his prison amid the acclamation. toGohnf
Govern-
ment,
bye
issuedere
ivr
pris
A subscription had produced 10,000 the people.
family. On the Ist of January, 1841, he
torfonris.
ward as chief editor of the Pesthi Ilirlap. Thiscam e nal soon counted 4,000 subscribers—a nu h j
number which,
at 12 florins per annum, raised his share mf
othe profits
to 12,000 florins. This sum enabled him n
meet his current expenses, but to purchasont on yaltol
estate in the comitat of Gran for 30,000 florins!
selected some well-paid sub-editors and reporters from
e
the ranks of the Opposition, and with these instru-
ments ho began the work of scattering over the face
of Hungary those cardinal elements of popular rights
and popular equality which soon advanced him to the
highest degree of confidence, affection, and veneration,
among almost the entire mass of the Hungarian
people.
While this masterly management of his journal was
daily increasing and extending his popularity the
Government looked on without stirring; but the Con-
servative party felt the necessity of meeting the mis-
chief, both in print and in debate. Count Aurelius
Dessewffy, a young mend much talent, of the mode-
rate royal party, undertook the editorship of the-Fri/or
journal, in which he combatted the doctrines of
Kossuth and his republican scheme of reform.
Kossuth, however, contrived to hold his own by dint
of a style more suited to the popular desire for positive
concessions. In the commencement of the year 1842
sudden death removed Dessewffy from the field of
action, and replaced Kossuth in undisturbed possession
of the influence of the press.
In the Pesth Assembly three leading speakers main-
tained, with various success, the contest against
Kossuth. These were Dessewffy, Count Stephen
Szecheny, and Ziedenyi, the latter of whom, as a
Protestant and principal orator of the Conservatives a
the Table of Deputies, had some followers. They
could not master the opposition spirit in the comitat,
but they administered some bard b!ows to Kossuth;
They lost their mainstay in Dessewffy, but they
managed to defeat the election of Kossuth for the
Diet of 1843. Count Szecheney endeavoured, to-
wards the end of 1842, to neutralize the doctrines of
Kossuth by his work " Kelet Nepe," (" The People
of the East,") in which he denounced the projects of
his adversary for a separation from Austria. This
publication excited muchiaterest, called forth a power-
ful reply from Kossuth, and several other answers
from Kossuth's adherents; but while it failed, as
books generally fail, to meet the influence of a poular
journal, it raised the popularity of Kossuth, and di-
minished that of its author with the people.
During the Diet of 1843-44, when the circulation
of the journal of its proceedings had risen to 7,000,
some controversies with his associates induced Kos..
suth to withdraw, Soon afterwards he established a
Hungarian commercial society, which operated, as he
intended, very powerfully to the spread of liberal
opinions throughout Hungary. The influence of
Kossuth extended. The nobles as well as the masses
of the people gathered around him. Count Louis
Bathyany, one of the wealthiest and most powerful of
the nobles, placed himself under the guidance of Kos-
suth, enthusiastic to co-operate with him in his great
Plans for the relief of Hungary. Kossuth was elected
a Member of the Diet, and we come now to the be-
ginning of those scenes which brought the Austrian
Emperor to his knees—first to the Hungarians, and
secondly before the Emperor of Russia for help, in
his desperate extremities.
In Presburgb, Kossuth soon became paramount at
the Table of Deputies ; the proceedings, however, had
not yet stepped beyond the usual track of opposition
policy, when the Paris revolution of February ex-
ploded, and scattered its sparks upon the tinder of
Hungary. In Kossuth it revived visions of the exal-
tation of Hungary, w hich could not be resisted.
With the Vienna revolution came the long-desired
moment for action. A Hungarian Ministry was
planned, with Bathyany for its. President. The Table
of Magnates demurred, but the second day of the
spreading insurrection of Vienna made resistance im-
possible. Kossuth availed himself of the moment with
all the energy of his character. The youth of Pres-
burg were armed as a National Guard. In Pesth,
revolutionary assemblies wet s organised. On the
15th of March Kossuth appeared as the hero of the
day, at the head of a States deputation in Vienna,
in order to extort a local Hungarian Mi-
nistry from the Crown which had usurped: i a
powers ; the Vienna National Guards drew
his carriage into the city. Guards of honour were
posted at his lodgings; Count Brenner, Prince
Lemberg, Professor Hyde, and other notabilities of
the Austrian liberal party, waited w:on him; and
the students placed themselves at his orders, to storm
the palace, should the Emperor be obstinate. The
Ministry was ratified by an imperial signature, and
Kossuth returned in triumph to Presburg, where he
truly declared, in open debate, that he had had the
fate of the House of Hapsburg in his hand. The re-
sult invested him with the magic of greatness and
power, which, from this time forward, reduced all
his adversaries to submission, and made him all-
powerful with the people.
The subsequent career of this extraordinary man
is too vividly impressed upon the public mind to
need a minute recapitulation here. It was the base
treachery of Austria, in the instigation of the Croats
to insurrection, that rendered Kossuth and the Hun-
garians almost unappeasable. It was the usurpa-
tion, by Austria, of the independent powers of Hun-
gary, as a local Government, that made a desperate
contest with the usurper inevitable. And how,
without means or money, Kossuth contrived to
raise those splendid armies which have irnorta ' • i•
zed
the Hungarian name, is a %lei 1- race, unless
we attribute it to the spontaneous contributions cf the
wealthier classes, and the universal confidence of all
classes in his paper. But not only were these vast
and conquering armies raised by a governor without
money ; but in the!midst of all the pressing wants of a
fearful war, many of the burdens of taxati •on upon the
people were removed. They enjoyed the blessings of
a free people before they had achieved them. Hence
the desperation with which they fought. At last,
when Jellachich had been ignominiously expelled,
when Windischgratz and the imperial forces of Aus-
tria had been scattered and driven across the Danube,
or destroyed, or captured; it was not the swarms
aof
Cossacks from the Carpathian mountains that de-
stroyed the revolution, but the traitor Gorgey and the
•
Russian gold that bought him. History will for ever
silence the enemies of Kossuth. History presents
only here and there an
example of equal energy, con-
stancy, ability, integrity,
i and perseverance; and
scarcely another such example of power oveethe
e of people, of so
minds and hearts of a great nation
many races, castes, and classes, and traditions, and
local differences, as the nation of Hungary. It is
only a great, pure, and lofty mind that could blend
such conflicting elements into a harmonious mass, and
lead them cheerfully to all the sacrifices of a most des-
perate revolution.
The Jewish Chronicle, in speaking of Kossuth,
says—
The share which the Jews took in the Hungarian
struggle for independence was no small one. Who-
ever is able to coequer prejudice will coofesa that
there is in this oriental people a moral fund, which
explores the purest gold of virtue from the deep mines
in which it lies buried. Not as Jews, but as children
of th/ country, they joined the ranks of the brave
Hungerians, and did not keep back in the reserve
corps the rear; but we saw them in the avant-
g lima, where the battle was the hottest, staking their
lives and their existence, their property and their
blood, on the political view they took of the affair.
In the army of the Magyars fought thousand,; of Jews,
and many commoners,
among whom were a general _
them invitqcls.
Not only the young men
whose wounds have since rendered
left their parents, and their
possessionsbut the old and re-
for the field of battle,
with love and ardent aspirations
fleeting Jews glowed
heroic leaders. The cabbies
for Hungary and her her
xorb
are n
leeow effeing punishmen
and Jewish preachers .
', said uther exorbitant con- t
for their natural sympet •

[PRICE 5D.,

/1
c0;:.7.1