The Sun.
London, England, 1833-08-27 00:00:00

1111 l . ,N"oe of the Gait r Poweis thought itself 4liesrisea at that time to discuss these instfituttieonso,ifurictal
ti,.itlintotheir consideration the extent o h
0C64 Which accrued from them to the inhabitantsP of themp
cti Duchy of Posen and of Gallicia—in the
.suada.-
~elner no power thought itself entitled to pass a j 74t on the internal legislation of Poland, proceeding The
tiblil the free will of the Emperor Alexander. 0 _
lb Cr,
therefere, ',ranted to the kingdom of Poland, f
,itEmpror's free 'will, and promulgated six months after
e4daaent_of Congress was never placed under the superin-
'et or of the guarantee of the powers who signed
etxhe.
~•ItY• Fors uch a guarantee to exist, it must, Ist., be t
coatedl:::lYbe,ntiir ; and 2d,
.the charter so guaranteed must
lie _ t published, . quoted a
' when the Vienna treaties were sanctioned by the
avereigns
I.lell Present, or represented in the Congress.
' a guarantee,however, is nowhere to. be.
l'und in th
more exists in it
than rb
t.,e act of Congress It no
Was e t.,6 act
to Which it is now sought to apply it
iierattbthat time in existence. The more closely we con.
teen e clear sense of that treaty, the more evident it
.
and n;:s'ittikvat it.contains in this respect no, other obligatory
the Duo, e stipulations than those by which a part of
with t` Y °I. Warsaw is to he united, irrevocably jointed
ilits .taneClu'ei,n em ire and possessed for ever by
dhie.
ti'n'ildal S 7
reign pAll,the rest remained, leftEuncoenrur.
t° hirYn It" indisputably to the free will of
.the.
country, its as left to determine the constitution of
it,opf the
r
the name internal extent, nay, even the title
rectiv i .eiof kingdom given to the country was but
lindi.-
'to'
thleiici'lluielthetel by the title of a Czar (Kinge),,onfroP;:naanbdly,
tiQn:i Emperor was to assume
osses.
~11Y.e used for the title of his other
14 the , The Emperor, as is clearly enoua.h exuipiressed
Otatter '4SIY reserved it to himself to decide. these
telerved'* Re did not impose an obligation on himusesllf,
left
,tY th, 4, right, the exercise of which was expressly
"Iliiicsty.leuno Act of Congress to the judgmentof his
In th
re,.. 41
.‘y re, 1-,ner consideration of the first article 01 f
it,hhies
c'etitt'it'e find in it only two positive clauses : Tre.
shall
Noy ',,. t? he united with the Russiandl 1
e•mthe Poles
"tinet administration ; and sec.on
pacedziusli,, nn, der the dominion of Russia, 9 Austria, and
44'44 ! shyer
have a popular representation, and national
••tivilet,,'unr3' But these advantages, says the treaty, shall
er:hill to° the Polhill subjects of the t.hree
,Courts, the nature nature of the political existence
and
hiseaahcllei
tclßiteletti'veriarnents shall think it useful a
Ile.
irn•
!nttii., last words of the article quoted require no com-
'olsi'}.{,Y. In drawing up the stipulations here entered
hide." three neighbouring Powers assumed their
°4lcr,4l,l),,igher law, namely, that of self preservaturisonoal and
Inl'jectill'eY Made the institutions to be given to thei P i
alvisabillnbordinate to what might be generally useful
security
°lf the•r:,..-cirt in other words, to the interest atA,d
;il,l 'Jen States. This
ed
toY.
h.,4°4lcla';',',he only one that can be
principle, wisely sa. nctioine
in'tlY aapopdeaPrussia
41t Ni` be affirmed that. Russia, Austria,
be
affirming
dit ete anoth • • ciple, this would .
watltelii•:',e4iPthritv haderseipfluentered into an obligation to create
themselves,and to risk the tranquillity and
44, 'af4,,°,,f,_the rest ofhir subjects. In a word, it would
Aunt. 'l4 and demanding what is impossible and
a Ilip,,i
,lig E.ng thus shown in its true light the nature of the
'ce er,4-4411 enforced by the Act of the Vienna Congress on
fiat the of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, having provedt
`ce ki-e constitution given by the Emperor Alexander o
/14 ing.idclal of Poland was a work of his free will, itthatttbe
other h-ll'er no foreign guarantee; and that none of
,Ith.'oWers had the right either to demand the granting
it willil constitution, or to insist on its being maintained,
IN 4t be dlt for us also to prove that in cofnthee
Pol,tli of the events which have marked the course o
the ItEtt insurrection, the Emperor Nicholas is inplacedd
_ln.
psrivaituation for the free exercise of his will as his. i
to the Predecessor was before he granted a constitution .
to slogdom of Poland. For this purpose we have merely
ltifilt?te the acts of the insurrectionary government itself
ittit not that government which proclaimed Poland's
s,e;Pendenee of Russia, though the Vienna treaties, as
tl, lia the charter of the Emperor Alexander, had laid
it,h the principle that the Duchy of Warsaw must
.be
st: v,etably united by its constitution with the Russian
1/4t1);" Was it not that government that promulgated
though-t of deposition, and declared the throne vacant,
• 4, tidt7.; the Vienna treaties, as well as the Emperor Alehx•
45 -li 'Lauer, had declared that the kingdom, united
his ) k,,t4enstitution with Russia, should be possessed.
LbJ.ce.
4°4 for the Emperor of all the Russian, and his s l
1410clitnt7er? Lastly, did not that Gover,nment loud y
th°l)/14-41 4 fact, that the western pro', inc.es of the
4-0/ NI 're separated from Russia, and united with
~n'As ',though the Vienna treaties had reserved to the
,t'llaCh4 alone the right of determining as he should
Its epee etoPer, the • • I extent of the kingdom, without
1t,.511
joi,c'ing iolnntteNvrtanhsaatinacfaccotunittn to be united w!th the
possible moreevidently
tellat,!te spire?the principles of the Vienna Act of Congress,
itiis!l,le more thorouglilv to annihilate the Chaster of
titht ' irnPossible more flagrantly to invade the indisputable
I,‘ltshiiod possession of Russia and its sovereign.
.Recour.sies
thatll44d t°,4rnlB,and as soon as that is the case no right avails
•st d "I the strongest ;no law but that of conquest.
.Ond
its ktay tie Warsaw fell, that unbending law pronounced
111,1, A:t'll:et Th p • had reconquered the kingdom
n4l4titigbt"o'fanedonweuhattm.)ues7l the Emperor then made of
He 'ashas restored between the two
tl.erl th,e bonds :Ilia the insurrection had torn, asura-
b"ntd IA lines preserved to the kingdom of Poland the name
fpittlgia-h,ticti the free will of the Emperor Alexander
It; I: eh-
r, 1,1 • Lastl hehas granted to his Polish sub-
tithein• t: ve returned, to their obedience the benefit of an
e-ot ttitt4l;4tol°,4 which is formed according to the letter of
titrsh r the 3d of May, and of the Vienna Act of
• Iv Itlea .
''' ,41114vr l'eaCessti ulate that that part of the Duchy of
ih'Pirt ~.Which was to be united with the Russiani
(art
the
have a separate administration. Acco,rr-
Qtitiitttri'attiltgtianc
16), establishes
the 26th of February, 1832,
a separate ad-
tlit atin, 16), establishes there
jiziettittuitl4B4.; and
pop.thuelar Aacdor.nilnosifstraCtio(nmgress promised
, _4,
47an, ds3:lauttiotniaml
tact Ottani A,Lcordingly A.rtic e I 3
bt ttle,tiiii e Statutes establish assemblies of the. nobility;
fiftlttiV assemblies and provincial estates, with.a deli-e
tr41,11,e oettlt°ioi..".,,,a matters. of general import, and the u.s
of 4°4 is ".' language in the public acts of the adminis-
, Prih, retained. This statute also guarantees the right
:4tiol4.l`e as Well as commercial property (Art. 14. ),
.th.e
7411 1'.7, debt of the kingdom of Poland (Art. 17), lotion-
it°llshi-EettY (Art 8) the special administration
.of the
d 1 to -434ncea (Art. 'l6 the municipal constitutions of
ti:tY ;el?, and . communes (Art. 1), the principle that
4_th • on without exception, or difference of rank or
‘thatnltlnllified for public- offices' ; that it is left to the
I'l6 ;l,tof the nobles and commoners to choose tbe
e,.11,4,1i') mn4 to make out the lists of candidates for other
.`enel•'--4e (Art. 48) ; lastly, the endowment of the
bl 4 h:e soreell Its of the Greek united clergy (Art. 6).
ztlivesOor,e_ti: principal pointswhich indicate the nature
keillifol,,, Organic
S.atuteof 26th February 1832. The
it was drawn up are too
illktite° to be il' pia whichdHow much, therefore, these
tltt,tt'l,:istoket7,:zi iclibffuetrefrOmthose of the charter of 1815,
That they. secure toi
41i4i tt'rgd°4l Of Yedenied—first,the advantages of a distinct ar-
ecat:, 4tion of its Poland
; and, secondly, That they contain,.
ttil'oe4ll;4e4l3ltYswofith uthwen.c.ontents of the Vienna treaties, all
the 4,ltitirutio a political existence, ftobuended upon na-
inhabitants of
ftmOlgdorn
._". The hopes which
the n's li.`llaY‘ derive from. the Vienna treaty, go no
44..41tigd0.ve these treaties secured to the subjects of
I'4_4 tb,„.. the perpetual existence of a Polish army ?
Clot, Cupolated that the press shall have unlimited.
tht. f?tnt
of Ave they founded. and. regulated. the right and
ot' Inhabi. "tharnentary discussions in the Diets? Have
hi` Ni• • 'ant' of the Grand Duchy of Posen, and those
L leil obt • . • • hts than those
4c„th , . .aineu more extensive rig , the
1144je e kingdom of Poland enjoys, by virtue of .
the . "mute
ilo 1,..,:rk.,ativ% Nobody can answer these questions in
ever`4e
sent _ With what right, th.en shall foreign
, ent4l4r for Poland any thing which' no treaty has
r 454411), r °I. Promised to it.
PoLdtti„,,
feeroenpitulating the preceding observations,. we
pt..
e. 4
0.,.... 1 them the following conclusions :—The
irll7. t, the"l,itution of 1815 is not guaranteed by. any
th it op it elore none has the obliation or the right. to
the tin ' heing maintained,This Constitution, which
.„, •,., pero_ re_ vole,
4,1 s 4:klexander, of glorious memory, granted to
h rointior4 his own free will, was annihilated by the
bettlid %Neer Government itself, which declared that the
pr:!en poialkln which the treaties of Vienna had made
4 tig'hicittltof theureabnednitoh: Russian EmpirNe..chuAlaftseraltulureeshuapd-
tZtered,o or the whether thee aaPietre7 of 1815 should be
11,•Pted r 2
the another order of things, more
,11,4t,Iaj,:tyth.e,
etru_e interests of the. dominions
be
114 'titd fo'n , Emperor and King, should
.1 e
ilo,_, onse2, trt By the organic statute which
,j.,1 tor se'siitly been . introduced into the king-
kiilisted,
ii:t the claims of the Vienna treaty are
h 'adorti o,`", according to this new statute, the
as,i,4 ' Poi and remains inirnoveahl • the
At ,-. empire . . , y united with.
41 kt:141: :lite:
t4o, tiei
nspt:iotlifteltibantecaoearnsv'ste: ho'Avirebaht aatiiietnhlee
dasoraefep Czar te a(dZiningi;troaftiPono-;
poPpeurflettertrlyepraedseanpttaedtiotn