The Sun.
London, England, 1851-02-19 00:00:00

~\

N°. 18,224, LONDON, WEDNESDAY N TJ 7 FEBRUARY 19, 1851.

NATIONAL LOAN
EQUITA BLE FIRE
26, CORNIIILL, LONDON.

FUND LIFE AND
INSURANCE COMPANIES

ADVERTISER S.
T 2°,000 Copies of the next Number (Seven) of the JOURNAL
OF THE EXHIBITION of 1851, by the EP itor3 of the "London Li-
terary Journal the Critic," have been ordered by an Advertiser for
transmission to Germany; and 1,000 Copies for the United States, to
be distributed among the visitors. Thesis 3,000 Copies are in addition
to its regul tr sale It will be published on Wednesday next, and Ad-
vei Users dosirous of availing themselves of so extraordinary an op.
portunity, must send their Advertisements by Monday next, at latest,
to the Office, 29, Essex-street, Strand, where any information will be
given to them.

and carted a distance of fire miles to Fine Elms.
By the junction to which he had just alluded
goods would be conveyed with greater speed
and economy, and the London and South-Western
Railway would thus acquire a great advantage over
all the other southern lines.—(llear. hear.) On Sun-
day last, ho understood that nearly 9,000 persons pro-
cseded from the neighbonrhoed of Islington to Black-
wall by the London and Birmingham and East and West
India Dock Junction Railway; and ho could not help
believing that when the Northern and Southern June•
tion should be effected a considerable number of per-
sons would use it for the purpose of visitingliew Gar-
dens, Richmond, Twickenham, rid other places by the
South-Western line.—(Applausko The. growing im-
portance of the town of Southampton could not fail to
increase the traffic on this line;. There were about
sixty-eight arrivals and departtires of mail packets in
the course of the month, and, besides these, the com-
pany possessed boats of their own, which enabled them
to compete with other parties for the passenger traffic.
The merchandise on the line had been progressively
increasing, but the efforts of the directors were, to a
considerable extent, neutralised by the competition to
which they were subjected On the right hand and on
the I(ft—by the Great Western Company, who had
opened their line to Fronse'e and by the facilities
afforded to parties proceeding 'by way of Portsmouth
to the Isle of Wight.—(Hear, hear.) The directors,
he was happy to say, were proceeding in concert for the
general interests of the company; and a united staff and
concentrated supervision existed over the whole of the
departments at an infinitely has cost than at former
perto a.. It. was gratifying to gad that 80,000 shares in
thec-%zeterellvididt and *Vic line, on which it de-
-PollersL—incelYeeA paid, be een Asithdrawne-iliaCeee
Having this company from the guarantee which had been
given.—(Hear, hear.) So much stress had been laid on
the closing of the capital account—(Elear,hear)—that he
was anxious to place before the meeting the actual posi-
tion in which the company now stood. The questions to
which he directed his attention were—first, the suffi-
ciency of the estimates for the completion of the works
and the closing of the capital; secondly, the means of
meeting those requirements; and thirdly, the precise
position of the company when the capital should be
closed. A careful estimate was made in November, 1848,
and revised in February, 1850, from which it appeared
that the amount then required to complete everything
was 640,850/. Since that time the amount expended
has been 301,7471., leaving a liability of 339,103/.
Experience had shown that this amount would be
amply sufficient. To meet this liability there were ar-
rears of calls, 173,600/.; surplus property (according to
The valuation of Mr. Tite), 157,5731.; rails and chairs,
85,798 L; making together, 416.971/ ; leaving a surplus,
after paying the 339.1031., of 77,8681. The amount re-
quired for the Taw Vale was 30,000/., and for the Alton
line 40,000/.—making together 70,0001.; leaving, after
their completion, a surplus of 7,8681. This he consi-
dered to be a virtual closing of the capital account.—
( thinsHe a; hs eu arplus,
rp.
l)o s Theas
becfaopre"sltatacedcou7,
sued, 495,5191.; power to borrow, 340,7081.; calls not
made on 1,845 shares, 249,5981.; making a total of
1,093,6931. to be applied in such a manner as might be
thought proper.—(Hear, hear.) This statement, he
trusted, would satisfy the proprietors that the company
was placed in a good and sound position. (Hear, hear.)
The Hon. Gentleman concluded by moving the adoption
of the report.

t*T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman.
*W. A. R. Pennett, Esq. *John RR cvson, Esq.
*thigh Croft, Esq. *John Shaw, Esq.
Elliotson, 31.1)„ I.R.S. t'ltnund S. Symes, Eeq.
*Ralph Gough, Esq. Miement Tabor, Esq.
M. C. Maher, Esq. t Joseph Thompson, Esq.
*John Moss, Esq. t*Atigustus rigne, Esq•
Auntrox.
fProfessor Wheat tone, I.R.S.
PILYSICIAN.
tJ. Elliotson, M.D„ I.R.S„ 37, Conduit-street.
SCRAEON.
14E, S. Symes, Esq., 77, Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-square.
ACTUARY.
t*W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., &c.
SECRETARY.
ED. T. Lyons Clanehy, Esq.
SUPERINTENDENT.
*W. A. Hawkins, Esq.
BANKERS.

N.B. This Journal is the only one wholly devoted to the Exhibi.
tion. In Numbers, at 44., containing 72 columns; and Parts, at
Is. Gd. Part 1, and Numbers 1 to 6, may still be had.

FXHIJ3ITION ()DTI
PARTIIs9 who wish their
under any of the following heads a
Office immediately
1. Literature and the Fine Arts. 6. Places of Public Amuse.
2. New Inventions. ment.
3. Agricultural Machines and 7. Places of Amusement.
Implements. 8. Railway and Steam-boat Ar-
4. Insurance Offices. • rangements.
5. House Agency— Hotels, Ta- 9. Miscellaneous.
vents, and Lodging-houses.
WM. CLOW
SPICER BR(
Official Catalogue Office, 29,

:CIAL CATALOGUES.
r Advertisements to be classified
►re requested to send them to the

tnlessrs. Glyn, Halllfax, Mills, awl Co., 67, Lombard-street.
SOLICITORS,

Messrs. Sutton, Ewens, Ommanney and Prudence, 6, Basinghall-

street.
*W. Tatham, Esq., 22, Throgmorton-street.
NATIO.NAL LOAN FND LIFE OIFICE.
CAPITAL-50,0001.

'ES and SONS, Printers.
OTHERS, Wholesale Stationers,
New Bridge-street, Bla2kfriars.

The WITHDRAWAL TABLE of the Society affords to the As-
sured the greatest possible present and prospective advantages that
can be conferred by Life Assurance. On this TalA3 the Assured is
entitled, at any time, to receive at interest an immediate advance,
to the extent of one-half the amount of the paid annual Premiums,
without security, personal liability, or deposit of the Policy, but by
simple endorsement thereon ; or the half Premium may be with-
held during the whole continuance of the Policy. Also, in the
event of the Assured at any time not requiring to continue the
Policy, on its surrender one-half of the annual payments will be
xeturned by Mint/4;40y.
' Lapsed Policies raikbe • • .01001. of boon
and payment of arrears' of' Pr • • ,••• - iLV
Notices of Assignment of Po c e! •red and aeltnowledged,
so as to make them available as securities in the hands of
third parties.
Ns Entrance Fees or any other charge beyond the Policy Stamp.
The present nnual income of the Society from Premiums is
63,0001.; tee amount covered by the Policies of the Society is
1,731,5401.; and the reserved profit, applicable to future bonus to
the Assured, amounts to 82,4541. 55. Gd. At the last annual inves-
tigation, reported in May, 1850, the bonuses declared to the As-
sured were, the option of a return of 15 per cent. on their Premiums
in cash, or a reversionary addition to the original sum assured by
each Policy varying from 20 to 65 per cent.
EXAMPLES OF BON USES ALREADY DECLARED.

In a few days.
T'MORAL and SANITARY ASPECTS of
the 'NEW CENTRAL CATTLE MARKET Proposal or the
Corporation of London. Illustrated by Plan and Diagram. By J.
STEVENSON BUSHMAN. M.D , Fellow of the Royal College of
Physicians of Edinburgh, Senior Physician to the Metropolitan Free
Hospital, Author of "Cholera and its Cures," &c., &c.
W. 8. Orr and Co., Paternoster-row.

Now ready, •
MILITARY MEMOIRS of Lieutenant-Colonel
JAMES SKINNER, C.B.
Commanding a Corps o( Irregular Cavalry In the Hon. E.I. Corn.nity's Service. .`
By J. BAILLIE FBASER , E sq.
Two volumes. Post Bvo., with Portrait. Price One Guinea.
London : Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

Mr. UPCROYT pressed on the directors the necessity
of becoming carriers on their own line. :If they exerted
themselves in the matter, they would be able consider-
ably to increase the income at a comparatively small ex-
penditure.—(Hear, hear.) He wished to know if the
promise had been kept that the solicitor should in future
be paid by salary, and also whether the costs previously
paid had been taxed.—(Hear, hear.)
_ _

- Mr. T. SMITH (a director) said the question of car-
riage had been discussed over and over again. The
compqny were carriers of goods on the :line, but they
did not exclude other carriers.

The CHAIRMAN, in reply to the question relative to
the payment of the solicitor by salary, said the directors
were of opinion that the better and more economical
course was to pay that gentleman when his services were
required. On the settlement of his bill a large discount
was allowed, which was, perhaps, more beneficial than
taxation would have been.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. G. HuTcniNsorr was desirous of absolutely fixing
the period for closing the capital account, end therefore
proposed as an amendment that the report be received,
but that it be an instruction from the meeting to the
directors to close the capital account, including loans,
on the 30th of June, 1851.—(Hear, hear.) Until the
closing of the capital account it was impossible for the
proprietors to ascertain the real value of their shares.
Mr. UPCROFT seconded the amendment.
Colonel REID (a director) said that practically the
capital account was closed. Although a. sufficient sum
.had tolipharge the liabilities, it might
be impossible to dischargtt,them before the 30th of June,
and sufficient time ought to be allowed to effect a settle-
ment in the most economical manner.--(Hear, hear.)
Mr. LOCKE, M.P., congratulated the meeting on the
prospect of closing the capital account, which indeed
must from this time be considered as closed.—(Hear.)
Mr. TITE said it might be impossible to realist the
amount required by the 30th June, and that sufficient
time ought to be allowed to dispose of the property on
the most favourable terms.

Mr. Sergeant GASELEE advocated the immediate
closing of the capital account.—(gear, hear.) He
thought there was something wrong in the management
of the goods traffic, and believed that a considerable in-
crease would take place if the directors were sincere in
carrying out the wishes of the proprietors.
The amendment was then put and negatived, and the
report was adopted by a large majority.
Mr. MooN, after urging the necessity of a proper ob-
servance of the Sabbath, moved a resolution to this
effect:—

" That the business of the railway be suspended on Sun-
days, except for such restrictive conveyance of passengers
as seems to be called for on the ground of public necessity,
and that the directors shall take as their guide the consider-
ation of the public good, and not the private interests of the
company."
—(Oh, oh, and laughter.)
Mr. CASTLEMAN seconded the resolution in a speech
of some length, which was frequently interrupted by
cries of " Question, " Have mercy on us," &c.
After a few remarks from Mr. ZoCKE and another
proprietor against the resolution, it was put and nega-
tived, only tour or five hands being held up in its
favour.

Resolutions, declaring a dividend at the rate of 4 per
cent, per annum—re-electing the Earl of Morley, Mr.
John Ribbon, jun., and Mr. James Aikin, as directors,
and Mr. Closes, as auditor—were then agreed to; also a
resolution declaring the forfeiture of certain shares, the
bolder; of vvl.ich aro in arrear to theiarnount of 59,211/.
A vc;to of thanks was then proposd to the Chairman
and directors, and carried by aeclaniatiOn.

THE SOUTH-WESTERN STE4I NAVIGATION
COMPANY.,
•
The half-yearly meeting of this company was held
immediately afterwards, Mr. Tite in the chair; and re-
solutions were passed declaring a dividend at the rate of
5 per cent. per annum on the paidfitpCapital, and the
forfeiture of certain shares on Which' the : calls have not
been paid. The retiring director mid auditors were re-
elected.

RAIL WA Y SHARE MARKETS.
BRISTOL, FEB. 18,
a fair businets done
t o -
The transactions were
as follow :—Great Western (171. Shares), 15,
g dis. ex div.—
Midland Stock, 6214—South-Eastern and Dover, 25:%.
SdTa°y, cit
with E x
cpricesi iA
wGE
. tending— —We
upwards. had
a g a
i ri
LIVERPOOL. FEB. 18.
market has been rather
fla
buyer. Midland Stock,
however, kept pretty firm. A fair amount of business was
done, and we close steadily. The transactions were as follow :
STOCK
to°c-ditay, E,
andxe rr"
pricesaL
in Tfha:oiir shareof the
Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire, 81, die.— Caledonian,
12—Eastern Counties, 71/4—East Lancashire, 1414 —Edin-
burgh, Perth, and Dundee, 7—Great Northern, 1843 Lan-
cashire and Yorkshire, 584
At
Ditto, Fifths, 71A, dis Lan-
caster and Carlisle, Thirds, 7% p.—Leeds and Thirsk, 15%
—Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport,
:Ys P.—London and
North- Western, 134—Ditto, New Quarters, 64 P. —Diu_ ,o
Fifths, 6W, p.—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 34%
—Ditto, 61. New Preference, 9-16 E—Matlock and Midland,
3% dis.—Midland, 6214
uSdo2uthern and
15 Vt dis.—North
Staffordshire, 6% dis.—Scottish Midland, 101 z
si2o4lll,4l(—NG.relata
iv—Shrewsbury
and Birmingham (A), Bi, _Shropshire Union (Railway and
Canal), 2 13-16 South-Eastern and Dover, 26—York,
IS—London Stock, 103%
), 414 dis.
Western, 43—Newry
N—eywocasrktlea,ndandNoßrethrwillekiidElaxnteen,
amount of
Wat.erioru and
Limerick, 16—Paris and Strasbourg, VA: dis.
MANCHESTER, FEB- 18.
business done to. day at advanced rates, and the market
STOCK ExonArrom.—There has been a large
closes firm at the quotations. The transactions were as
follow : Clitheroe (No. 1), 6%—
Preference, 6—Great Northern,Caledonian, 12IA— Ditto,
and— 6214—Ditto,
t'tal el:pa:nets,' 5_,....a .
i.
~,
_.,
Sheffield, 351., 43/4—Ditto (No. 1), 13 z--Ditto, Preference,
11%—Ditto, New Preference, lh P.—South-Eastern and
Dover, 26—Eastern Counties, 7—Leeds, Preference, Fifths,
7% dis.—West Ridings, 51,4 dis.—Oxford and Wolver-
hampton, H 7-16—Manchester and Birmingham (C),3% p.
—Edinburgh and Glasgow, 35—East Lancashire, 14%—
Ditto t'reference, 7 3-16 - Lancaster and Carlisle, Thirds, 7%
—London and North-Western. New Quarters, 6 tz_
/4, Mattocks,
3%—Ambergate, 43/4—Leeds Stock, 58,a—North Stafford-
shire, 6% n. dis.
BIRMINGHAM, FEB. 18.
STOCK EXCIIANGE.—The share market continues buoy-
ant, and prices of yesterday are well supported. Oxford,
Worcester, and 'Wolverhampton Stock is in demand at a
slight advance, and Shrewsbury and Birmingham is in re-
quest, but there are few sellers. To-day, Owing to the re-
luctance of holders, comparatively little business was done.
The only transactions reported on 'Change were—London and
North-Western, 1844 Sr uth Staffordshire, 3/. Is. 3d dis.

YORK, FRB. 17.
STOCK EXCHANGE.--The transactions to-day were as
follow :—Great Northern, 18/. 33. 9d.—North-Western, Pre-
ference, 12 --York and North Alidand,

SAIXAGIE. Viovabetd has given notice to Capt.
C• B. Hamilton and officers and crew formerly of the
Frolic, 16, that the account sales of the proceeds arising
from the Frolic's proportion of a further salvage from
the brig Canning by the Chilian vessel-of. war Magellan,
after ciccarture. of the Frolic, and shared by agreement
with thuae entitled, 22d of March, 1,547, will be regis-
tered in the high Court of Admiralty on cr after &be
25th ilia,

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[PRICE SD.

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.
Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
of
ffi eer s .
accompanied by the Prince of Wales and several other
members of the Royal family, paid an early visit to the
Exhibition yesterday morning. They inspected the dif-
ferent parts of the building, and watched with interest
examiningHerthLacileffseter-enhta has probablypackages
never y
t Custom-housethe process
before been so near as eyewitness of the machinery
b the
which contributes so largely to the public revenue. The
mode in which the work is conducted has its peculiar in-
terest, like everything else connected with this great
undertaking. As the waggons containing the packages
arrive within the building they are driven to the centre
of the transept, and there unloaded and marked by a
Custom-house officer. From the transept relays of
Sappers convey the packages in trucks to the compart-
ment of the foreign country whence they come. Deposited
in this compartment another band of Custom-house offi-
cers are there to receive them, and a fresh party of Sap-
pers with chisels and other implements rapidly break open
lids or other coverings, and with military determination
sweep everything before them until the goods lie re-
vealed. Yesterday the Zollverein compartment was the
principal one to which goods were consigned, though ar-
rivals also took place for the Swiss and Canadian collec-
tions. Entering within the hoarding, where Sappers
were vigorously engaged in breaking open great boxes,
one might have almost fancied that some scene of plunder
was in progress. The variety of articles that the dif-
ferent packages presented was also curious, and even the
Custom-house people themselves, hardened as they must
be against that species of excitement, appeared in-
terested in the miscellaneous character of their occupa-
tion. One box contained ant of trays, another earthen-
ware images, another silk handkerchiefs or gloves, ano-
ther parasol handles, another a machine for knitting,
articles of general merchandise alternated with works of
art and specimens of skilful handicraft. And -we may ob-
serve that even at this early stage in the arrival of foreign
goods there are signs that the palm of cheap production,
and the merit of an industrial system founded on the
principle of utility, are not to be resigned to us without a
contest by the States of the Zollverein. Within the space
allotted for our native contributions few arrivals have
taken place, and beyond the apportionment of ground
hardly anything has as yet,been done. The flooring is
marked off with red paint or chalk, and one sees scrolled
on the boards the familiar names of our different manu-
facturing communities. In the division of machinery,
Oldham has taken the lead by commencing the founda-
tions of the complicated and splendid display of cotton
machines which are to be exhibited from there. Other
places would do well to follow this example, and not to
lose a day in forwarding the arrangements of a depart-
ment on which more than any other probably our in-
dustrial reputation depends. It is singular that, as a
milliner was;the first contributes to the stock of the Exhi-
bition,:the small Scotch town of Dunfermline should have
its stall first completed. We hear that some of the large
towns, and London especially, are still very far behind-
hand with their preparations.
Yesterday morning, at a little before 11 o'clock, a high-
ly interesting experiment was made akthe building with a
view to ascertain practically the strength of the gal-
leries, both under the condition of supporting what is
technically called a dead load, and also a rolling or
moving one. A few simple figures will pretty clearly
explain the basis of caleulatioa upon which the dimen-
sions of the several parts composing the galleries have
been determined. The points of support on plan occur-
ring at the angles of squares of 24 feet, the area or
each bay of gallery is equal to 576 square feet. From
various experiments which have been made by Mr.
Brunel, and by other engineers, it has been found
that the average weight of a number of persons stand-
ing together in a confined space rarely exceeds 501 b. per
square foot; that by packing men as closely together
as possible it might be trough; up to 701 b. or
801 b ; and that, not even by picking out the heavy men
and gathering them into the smallest compass, could
an average of 1 cwt. per square foot be obtained. One
cwt. was therefore assumed as an aiaount certain to cover
any unforeseen combination of circumstances. On this
assumption no bay of gallery 24 feet square could pos-
sibly be called upon to carry a load equal to 30 tons.
As it was ingeniously contrived by the arrangement of
the flooring that the weight should be distributed over
four girders, and every girder bad been submitted on the
ground to a pressure of 15 tons (that being only half the
maximum weight that each was capable of supporting)
applied exactly at the points upon which the floor would
have to be borne, it will be manifest that a very large
margin had been left to provide for contingencies arising
from any motion which it was possible might be cominu-
niettted to such a load.
The immediate object of the experiment tried yester-
day was to assure by various tests of the severest charac-
ter to what extent oscillations could be conveyed to the
gallery by the regular motion of a living load, and to
ascertain whether the provision which had been made to
meet such contingencies was sufficient.
The preparations made for the experiment consisted
of the construction of a perfect bay of gallery, with its
floor, binders, girders, and connectisig pieces, in every
rbspeet complete and similar to tLe actual gallery, sup-
ported upon four points bedded on temporary founda-
tions; rows of planks, the full width of the platform,
led up to it and down from it, so that a row of men, as
wide as the gallery, might be able to march up and
down in close column. Three hundred workmen were
first assembled by the contractors, and allowed to cover
the platform and the planks connected with it. They
were then compressed into the smallest space upon
which they could stand. The load borne on the planks
represented the share of pressure which would be pro-
duced by the crowding of adjacent bays of gallery. The
amount of deflection produced by this load was inap-
preciable. The men then walked regularly and irregu-
larly, and ran over it. The elasticity of the floor—
allowing play to the timbers and the wrought iron work
—was admirably developed by this test, and it became
apparent that this quality of elasticity was of the greatest
value in protecting the ,cast-iron girders from sudden
shock. Thus, in the severest test which could possibly
be applied—when the men, standing closely packed to-
get her, continued jumping simultaneously for several
minutes, although in the regular vibrations of the floor,
the binders played up and down—the extreme deflection
of any of the girders that could be ascertained at any
moment did not exceed one quarter of an inch.
As the contractors' men were unable to kee p military
time in their step, and it was considered desirable to
ascertain the effect of perfectly regular oscillations, the
whole of the Sappers and Miners on the ground, in close
columns, were marched over and over and round and
round, and were finally made to mark time in the most
try ing manner. With the result of this last test the
eminent ccientifie men present expressed themselves
highly gratified, observing, that while at the climax of
vibration the motion did not exceed that common in
ordinary London, hou,es at e% ening parties.
A minute examination of the several parts of the
construction likely to be affected by similar experi-
ments, made immediately upon their completion, bore
witne2s to the fact that no portion had suffered any
injury whatever from the strains to which it had been
exposed.
When it is remembered that the arrangements for the
Exhibition in the galleries require passages only six feet
wide on the sides of the gallery counters for light goods
occupying the central portion most liable to strain; and
when it is borne in mind that the galleries are of such
extent as to render uniform vibration over any consider-
able portion of their whole area impossible, the results of
the experiments we have described cannot but be re-
garded as calculated to relieve the apprehensions of the
most timid.

The performance of this experiment was honoured
by the presence of the Royal visitors and their suite.
The Earl of Granville and Mr. W. Cubitt, C.E., Royal
Commissioners, Mr. I. K. Brunel, Mr. Locke, M.P., Mr.
Field, and a few other eminent professional gentlemen,
were also present. Colonel Reid, C. 8., Mr. Cole, Mr.
Mike, Mr. Bowring, Dr. Lyon Playfair, Mr. Wyatt,
&c., were in attendance.

Dr. Lyon Playfair has just completed a very valuable
classification of objects to be exhibited, and which is
drawn up not only with a vise; to arrangement in the
building, but also to bring the subjects in a systematic
manner before the juries who have to determine the
merits of the articles in each class.

We stated erroneously in a former notice, that the
Commissioners of Woods and Forests were putting up
an iron railing outside of the building, which has since
been condemned as unsightly and insufficient. The
Woods and Forests bad nothing to do with this railing,
and the mistake arose from its being the same in design
as that used by them in Hyde Park.