The Sun.
London, England, 1833-12-04 00:00:00

I,liddle Temple ; he was the brother of John Henry
9Ward, a solicitor, at Cheltenham, and his father was
7tretary to the Royal Academy. He knew the plaintiff
ale
Itaately, and knew that his brother was also intimate
1411 him. On the 13th December, 1831, the plaintiff
.lkaunted the bill for witness's brother at his father's house,
ill, Newman-s•reet, Oxford-street. The plaintiff gave a
Leek for 9801 upon Coutts' for it, and witness paid the
l'eck in on his brother's account.
Cross-examined by Sir. J. Scitatrrr—His brother
4tired him to observe that the bill was di.counted. Wit-
-411 was then a witness to a deed, by which his brother
tOrtgaged to the plaintiff some picures. Had heard of his
brother boriowing 2501. of the plaintiff a short time before.
Pe-examined—Those pictures were painted by his
,
'tther, the artist. The plaintiff had then advanced 3,0001.
'4 his brother.
Mr. John Henry Howard, the brother of the last wit-
-44111 and a solicitor, stated that be had had the bill, ar,d
Ile deposited it for safe custody in the plaintiff's hand" ;
he
and the plaintiff were on the most intimate terms. On
tp' day be so deposited it, the plaintiff gave him a check for
s 250/. In December, 1831, witness was about to este-
'
,IA himself in a solicitor's firm at Cheltenham, and re-
tlairing money for that purpose, be borrowed 3,2001. of
the plaintiff; in that sum was included 9811. 10s. 2d.
*hieh the plaintiff gave for the bill in question.
i Cross-examined—Got the bill from Daniel Pul-
len, through the medium of Robert Cayley, and the
Plaintiff was present when he received it. He gave Cayley
'501., and expungt,d a debt of 610/. due from Pullen to
himself,
for the bill. He had arrested Pullen for the
!I°L and Pullen was then keeping out of the way for
'tir of a second arrest. Had known Cayley to be an
honourable man. Was never in the habit of discounting
hills. Pullen was a bill broker. Ilad advanced the 610/.
1a
~ Pullen, at the instance of a client of his. Did not give
Pullen a receipt for the 610/.
Sir JAMES SCARLETT, in reply to this additional
tVidence, again addressed the Jury, and contended that
from all the evidence there appeared so much suspicion,
that it was impossible for the Jury to be satisfied that the
Plaintiff had given value for the bill.
The SoLicrroß GENERAL replied on behalf of the
Plaintiff.
His Loßnsmr having summed up the evidence, the
'ury retired, and had not returned into Court when our
Reporter left. •••1801•=,................1

OLD BAILEY.-(THIS DAY.)

OLD COURT.
(Before the RECORDER.)
George Bennett, George Dybell, and Joseph Baker
were indicted for feloniously breaking and entering the
dwelling house of John Jealeou. Turner, and stealing
therein two coats and other articles, his property, a silver
tea-pot, value 20/., the property of Charlotte Jane Wes-
ton, two shawls, and a pelisse, the property of Elizabeth
Harris, and two gowns and other articles, the property of
Emma Clark ; and Cornelia Dickenson and Britannia
Turner were indicted for feloniously receiving the said
Property, well knowing it to have been stolen.
Mr. STAMMERS defended the prisoner Bennett.
John Jealeous Brimrner deposed that he resided at No.
Mornington Place, Hampstead Road, and by trade is a
Printer. On the 14th of November witness retired to
bed about eleven o'clock, and two of the servants retired
at the same time ; the other servant having gone to bed
Previously. The house was left perfectly secure in all
respects. The next morning about seven o'clock
Witness found the house had been entered, the back
door opened, as it appeared, by a skeleton key,
hot there appeared no marks of violence. Foot.
marks were apparent in the garden, as well as ap-
Pearances as if persons had scrambled over the wall. On
art examination of the house, considerable property belong-
ing to witness, as well as to some ladies in the house. were
hissed. That property had been taken both from the
Parlour and kitchen. The property belonging to the
Witness taken were a hat, two coats, a pair of shoes, nine
Pairs of stockings, one silver spoon, two brushes, a pack of
cards, and seven keys. Witness has since seen some of the
Itnckinga, the keys, and the pack of cards. The keys
and cards were found on the prisoner Bennett when he
Was taken into custody, in a house in St. Giles's. The
Priaensr Bennett said the keys belonged to his boxed, which
Were at his lodgings, but on searching them no boxes
Were found. On the mantle-piece two pair of witness's
stockings were found. The prisoner, Cornelia Dickenson,
Was with Bennett in the room, and claimed the stockings
Is her property. The value of the property lost belong-
ing to witness was about 4/. Witness got some informa-
tion from a person of the name of Parsons, which led to
taking the prisoner Bennett.
Cross-examined by Mr. SmasaiEßS—The door by which
the entry was made had been locked for three weeks, and
the key hung up in the back parlour.
Elizabeth Harris corroborated the testimony of the last
Witness as to the breaking into the house, and proved that
the articles enumerated in the indictment as her property
Were stolen from the kitchen. Witness had since seen one
of her shawls at a pawnbroker's. A silver tea-pot, and a
quantity of plate belonging to Airs. Weston, had also been
taken from the kitchen.
Emma Clark gave similar testimony, and proved that
she was in the service of Mrs. Weston, who lodges in the
house of the prosecutor ; and that witness lost two gowns
and three petticoats from the front kitchen on the night in
question. A quantity of plate, consisting of a silver tea-
Pot, ewer, spoons, and forks, the property of her mistress,
Were also taken. Witness has seen none of the plate since,
but one gown and one petticoat belonging to witness has
been found at a pawnbroker's.
Mrs. Charlotte Weston deposed that she was a widow,
and resided in the house of the prosecutor, and that she
lost the plate mentioned in the indictment as her property,
and which was worth about 20/., on the night of the
robbery. Witness also lost nine yards of brown Holland,
a single volume of " Cowper's Poems," and a number of
towels. The plate bad not been recovered, but has seen
the book, brown Holland, and one towel since.
George Powell, police Sergeant E., 10, proved that on
the 16th of November he apprehended Bennett and
Dickenson in a room at Grout's lodging.house, Lawrence-
street, St. Giles's ; sound on Bennett Si. 16s , a hunch of
keys, and a pack of cards. The prisoner Dickenson
claimed as hers a pair of stockings which were on the
chimney piece. The articles witness now produced.
Cross_xamined—The cards are an ordinary pack of
cards. The prisoner Bennett said the keys belonged to his
boxes. They are plain keys, and there is nothing particular
about them. Found also two memorandums on Bennett.
Thomas Lindegreen, a police constable, proved that he
apprehended the prisoner Dybell and Baker at a house in
Church-street, St. Giles's, at a quarter before eight o'clock,
on the evening of the 16th of November. They were
both in one room. Upon Baker witness found a pair of
stockings, which have since been claimed by the prose-
cutor. In the room witness also found two brushes, a
quantity of stockings, and two keys amongst the coals, one
of which opens the back room parlour door in the
prosecutor's house. Witness also found three knives
a pair of scissors and a metal spoon, and two towels since
owned by Mrs. Wilson. In an adjoining room witness
also found a quantity of stockings and a table cloth, a
knife and fork, and five keys, one of which opens the prose-
cutor's front street door. Took from the prisoner Turner
an apron and volume of poems.
William Rumby, a pawnbroker's assistant, produced a
gown, petticoat, and shawl, which had been pledged with
him on the 15th of November, at nine o'clock in the
morning; also some brown holland by a woman, but not
either of the female prisoners. Some other articles were
also pledged by another woman on the same day.
Frederick Parsons proved that he was at the Tottenham-
street theatre on Friday, the 15th November, and sat next
but one to Dybell and Baker in the gallery. Heard Dybell
say to another person " We had a rare pull last night."
The other asked what was it? Dybell replied a silver
tea-pot and stand and other articles. The third person
inquired where? and Dybell or Baker answered near
Mornington-place. Oa the following morning witness
rave information of what he had beard to the prosecutor.
The prisoner Dybell said that the witness had been in
the House of Correction twice.
The witness denied this, and said he had never been
even charged with felony.
The prisoner Baker, slid he knew the witness bad
picked pockets. This also was denied, and in answer
to the Court he said he was in work as a ladies' shoemaker.
The prosecutor identified such of the articles pro-
duced as were his property, as also did Mts. Weston,
identify tl,e book found upon Turner.
The prisoners protested their innocence, and accounted
for the possession of the property by saying they had
purchased it from an Irishwoman in the street.
The prisoners Bennett and Dyhell received a good cha-
racter from several respectable witnesses.
The RECORDER recapitulated the evidence of the Jury,
who after a short deliberation, returned a verdict of Guilt/
against all the male prisoners, but acquitting the two
females.

NEW COURT.
(Before:the COMMON SERGEANT and a Middlesex Jury.)
Ann liewitson was indicted for breaking and entering
the dwelling house of Abram Robinson, and stealing
ti:erein 11 pairs of shoes, and divers articles, his property.
Ann Robinson, the wife of the prosecutor, stated that

she lives in the vicinity of Spitalfields. On the evening
of the day named she went from home and left her boy in
the shop. She was absent about three hours, and on her
return she missed 11 pairs of shoes. The glass of the
shop window had been broken, and paper was placed over
the aperture. It was through the paper that the hand of
some person bad been thrust. Her son, who was left at
home at the time, is not here.
COMMON SERGEANT-Then we may dismiss the
charge of breaking ; who knows but that the boy broke
the window; he ought to have been here.
A person to whom the prisoner offered some shoes for
sale caused her to be given in custody.
The Comiswri SERGEANT said there was not a tittle of
proof against the prisoner, and she was acquitted.
Thomas Coppin was indicted for receiving from an
evil disposed person 15 umbrellas, 21b. of segars, and
other articles, t' e property of William Hill, well know-
ing the same to have been stolen.
The prisoner was tried with three other persons on
Saturday last as principals, when they were all acquitted,
but the prisoner was detained to answer for the minor

offence.
The evidence was very long, but the short facts were
as follows :—A coach was traced at the dead of the night
from the prosecutor's shop, to near the prisoner's house in
West street, Smithfield. Search was made at the pri-
soner's house, which was described as one of ill fame, .nd
frequented by persons of both sexes. The umbrellas in
question were not found there, but on the roof of a house,
between which and Coppin's house another interves.ed.
In the privy and cellar of the prisoner's house were found
some segars in a questionable situation, but to their identity
the prosecutor could not swear.
Blundon, a city watchman, deposed that be saw three
men go into the prisoner's house on the morning in
question with some bundles, but whether they were long,
round, a pocket handkerchief, a coffin, or a dead body in
a sack, he could not say.—(Laughter.)
A policeman proved that the trap door of Coppin's
house was open, and footmarks were traced to the spot on
the other house where the stolen umbrellas were found.
The prosecutor, upon being re-called, swore to a pocket
book, found in the prisoner's yard, and to one of the
umbrellas.
Mr. CLARKsON submitted that the prisoner ought not
to be called upon for his defence ;—first, there was no
evidence of the prisoner having committed an offence, and
secondly, that, at all events, there was no evidence that
the prisoner was a guilty receiver of the property in
question. If there was any evidence at all, it was that
the prisoner was the thief.
The Coatmorr SERGEANT was of opinion that the Jury
• should decide upon the facts.
The Jury returned a verdict of Guilty.

VICE-CHANCERY COURT-(THIS DAY.

COBBOLD V. WALLER.
The bill in this case was filed for the purpose of having
the declaration of the Court that the will of the testator
was well proved. From the statements of Sir E. SUGDEN,
it appeared that shortly after the death of the testator
one of the parties in the cause burnt a great quantity
of his papers, and among the rest, by some unaccountable
accident his will. A copy however had been discovere.l which
was sworn to be a true one, by the person copying it,
and that, by the consent of all parties, was admitted to
probate in the Ecclesiastical Court. The consent of all
parties had likewise been obtained to the adoption of the
Icourse prayed for by this suit, and the Court, therefore,
made the order.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY.

FROM LLOYD'S.
DEA T., DEC. 3.—Wind W.S.W.—The City of Edin-
burgh, Mandigo, Marquis of Chandos, Elizabeth, Lord W.
Bentieck, Rosalind, and others have put hack, with the
Sovereign, Charles Brook, and outward-bound. Arrived
he Washington, Jefferson, from Hamburg for Liverpool,
and remsins.
PORTSMOUTH, Dxc. 3.—Wind W.N.W.
FALMOUTH, DEC. 2.--Wind W. to W.N.W., fresh
breezes.—Arrived the Lyra packet, from Jamaica—sailed
the 15th October ; Spey packet, from the Leeward Islands
—sailed from St. Thomas's the 11th ult. ; and Brothers,
Prettyjohn, from Denia. Sailed the Plover packet, for
Oporto and Lisbon ; and James Watt steamer, for Lisbon.
Dovnt, DEC. 3.—Arrived off port the George Can-
ning, Parren, from Africa.
COWES, DEC. 3.—Arrived the Mars, Rand, from Ba-
tavia—sailed the 28th July, and St. Helena the sth Oct.
BRISTOL, DEC. 3.—Arrived the Airthey Castle, Cur-
ling, from Miramichi; and Experiment, Chapman, from
Virginia.
VERPOOL, DEC. 2. ttrrived the Atlantic, Bailey,
and Phoenix, Green, from New Orleans; Thomas, Smith,
from Miramichi ; Madeira, Rees, from Newfoundland ;
Rattlesnake, Howard, from Genoa; and Amphitrite,
Davis, from Oporto.
CORK, DEC. I.—Arrived off port the Navarino, Howell,
from Honduras.
LIMERICK, DEC. I.—Arrived the Emerald, from
Quebec. During a very heavy gale on the night of
the 28th ult., the Anna Letitia, from hrnce to London,
drove on board the Thomas, of Whitehaven, hound
to Liverpool, in Tarbert Roads, carried away all her
bulwarks and staunchions, sprung her mainmast, and did
her so much damage, that she sprung her leak, and is come
up to discharge her cargo.
YARMOUTH, DEC. 3.--The Dove, Coysb, of Dart-
mouth, came in yesterday, having been on the Brrnard
Sand. The leak has been discovered, and she will pro-
ceed. A vessel is coming up the Roads, dismasted.

The City of Limerick, Cooper, from Limerick to Lon-
don,
has been driven into Ballybunnian Bay, nearly a
wreck.
The Thomas, bound to Limerick, has put back to Li-
merick, with damage and leaky, having been run foul of
by the Anna Letitia, bound to London, and must dis-
charge.
The Dash, Mace, from Sligo to London, was driven on
shore on the coast of Connamara the 28th ult.—only the
maver saved,
The Ely, Wylie, from London to St. Jago de Cuba,
has been condemned at Tortola, having put in there after
striking on Anegadas.
The Minerva, Mudd, from Miramichi, is off Youghal.
The master and mate dead.

COMBINAtION.—No. 111.

EFFECTS OF COMBINATION.
If combinations have produced effects on
machinery, production, and the state of the
markets, which must sooner or later react power-
fully upon the condition of the operatives, they
have already in a moral point of view done in-
finite mischief. The ties which should bind
masters to men, and men to masters, are founded
upon the mutual interest of each, and the confi-
dence which should mark their intercourse is
one of the most powerful moral restraints which
can possibly bear upon the springs of society.
This beneficial influence is entirely lost in the
manufacturing districts, and this we look upon
as one of the most unfavourable circumstances
connected with their present and future pros-
pects. The natural relations of masters and
servants are destroyed, and their proper order
in some degree inverted; the sense of gratitude
and obligation, which ought to exist between
parties so situated has been usurped by suspi-
cion, contempt, and hatred. Better, a thousand
times better, had it been for the men to have re-
tained their natural position—
" Ut satius multo jam sit, parere quietum,
Quarn regere, imperio res velle."
The struggle which they are carrying on cannot
eventually benefit themselves, even should they
for a time succeed in imposing restrictions upon
the employment of the masters' capital. In the
end they must either succumb, or our social in-
stitutions must be entirely remodelled. It may,
however, be confidently predicted that the
struggle will terminate by making them passive
slaves to machinery, and there is no power in
existence which can prevent this termination
but a cordial union between the contending
parties. A state of vassalage will be the result
of our manufacturing system if this struggle con-
tinues, not unlike the villainage of feudal times.
Employment must be had by the poor man or
he must become a burden upon his country, and
this employment can only be had by submitting
to the will of those who can find it. Already
the gangs that crowd our great mills are ri-
gorously shut up for twelve hours per day,
watched over, and their motions regulated by
the clock-work movements of machinery; already
have many of the great masters the power of in-
flicting the worst of calamities, abject poverty,
upon hundreds of families; and why is it that
they do not this ? The friend of humanity will
answer, regard for their welfare. The man
who knows the truth, says, because as
yet neither his mules nor looms are self-acting,
and he requires hands to superintend their ope-
rations. Approximations to this state of things
are hourly making. Where 300 men • •ere re-
quired for the production of a certain quantity
of manufacture, 80 are now sufficient, and no-
thing but the rapid extension of this branch of
trade has restrained the pressure of a pauperized
population. It is our wish that it may extend
with even greater rapidity, fur we are lovers of
our country ; and we know also that she has
still wealth, industry, and facilities for manufac-
ture, which place her, in this respect, far above
any other country in the world. And these
considerations make us anxious that no check
should be given to our career of manufacture.
The danger which threatens us is not from
without : if we are true to ourselves, we may
continue to be the great emporium for trade to
the whole universe. We have within our small
territorial limits, resources all but unbounded :
the mine is but partially opened, and to make
its riches available two things are mainly essen-
tial—free trade in the most extensive sense of
the word, and a proper understanding between
capital and industry. The restrictions which
have hitherto separated the common interest of
nations must fade away before the progress of
liberal opinion, though the Autocrat of Russia
may please himself with the insane idea that his
will of iron can arrest this. The madness of
Xerxes, who forged fetters for the " great sea,"
was of the same quality. Emperor though he
may be, he is but a straw upon the stream—
borne about by its eddies, and conspicuous only
from the accident of birth. Combination is,
above all other, the most threatening danger at
home. The master has no fellow-feeling with
his operatives—the operatives none with the
master. The master views them as the most
expensive part of his machinery, and as cramps
upon his enterprise,—the expression of distrust
and dislike, both loud and deep, which he hears
around him—the acts of outrage and violence
which he has witnessed—the wicked throwing
and murder which have made him a prisoner in
his own house—the utter extinction of decent
respect and proper feeling towards himself, have
raised a barrier between them which renders
him insensible or indifferent to the well-doing
of the operative; while the operative views the
master as the tyrant grinding him to the dust--
looks upon every innovation as a mark of abuse
of power—openly exults in the capability he
possesses of doing mischief—listens to the viru-
lent abuse poured out by some restless detna-
gogue—binds himself by oaths to restrictive
rules, and triumphs in the possession of a power
which he exercises so as to become a curse.
" Mac perinde aunt, ut illius animus qui ea possidet,
Qui uti scit, ei bona, illi qui non utitur recte, malts."
The continuance of our manufacturing pre-
eminence is intimately bound up with this state
of things. Hundreds of thousands of work-
men closely united, and living within a very
narrow circle, see improvement going on around
them, rapidly contracting their sphere of utility.
Instead of making efforts to accommodate them-
selves to their peculiar position, they proclaim
their determination to keep up their rats of
payment ; instead of listening to the suggestion
of their employers, and enabling them to make
such arrangements as would permit them to
meet the markets by occasional moderate reduc-
tion in the price they pay for labour, they set I
them at defiance, abandon their mills, intimidate
other workmen, and consequently oblige the
masters to make what shift they can, during any
temporary stagnation, and the masters in their
turn take every opportunity in an indirect man-
ner to lessen the actual amount of payment.
Many of these opportunities are galling and
apparently arbitrary, and are constantly bringing
the parties into vexatious collision. 11l will is
thus kept up, bad passions are roused, and
masters and men, in place of looking upon each
other with mutual kindness and confidence, are
ever at variance, and ready to sacrifice their
separate interests.
These are volcanic elements, ready at any mo-
ment to burst out into destructive activity. The
evils they have produced upon the men are in
calculable, as moral and social beings. They
are made the dupes of designing fellows, who
lead them from their homes to union meetings,
instil the poison of discontent into their minds,
teach them the possession of power without the
wisdotn necessary for its proper governance, and
make them, in too many instances, bad men,
bad husbands, sons, and fathers, and bad citi-
zens. We tell them, in a kindly spirit, that

they are ruining themselves, and preparing the
way for reducing their personal cond►tion into
bondage beneath an iron master. We would
urge them, by all that is dear to themselves, to
throw aside hatred and dissension, and, instead
of combining against the masters, combine with
them ; and to the masters, as men of education,
and of more comprehensive views, we would
" forget and forgive," and hold out the right
hand of fellowship to our inferiors. They may
succeed in driving then► in a great measure out
of the market by machinery, but let them remem-
ber that their property and existence during the
struggle a-e both precarious, and that unless
a better understanding arises between labour
and capital, a long continuance of harassing
vexations, can only end in a violent explo-
sion, the result of which no man can foretell.
The spread of education may do much, though
its operation hitherto has been somewhat ques-
tionable, We are firm advocates for instructing
the people ; but there is more wanted than mere
elementary knowledge. The re-enactment of
the laws against combination, however penal their
statutes, would be utterly insufficient to put
down the evil. They were to a great degree
inoperative before, and might tend to hasten a
crisi., which we fervently hope will be yet
averted.

Manchester, 27th Nov. 1833.

FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTE.

OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Nov. 30, 1833.
Royal Regiment of Artillery.
First Lieutenant William Halstead Poole to be Second Cap -
tain, vice Burton, retired on half-pay ; Second Lieutenant
George Charles Raw•don Levinge to be First Lieutenant, vice
Poole, dated Nov. 2.5.

WHITEHALL, Nov. •_'-1.
The Lord Chancellor h. appointed Richard Richards, of
Penzance, in the county of Cornwall, Gent., to be a Master
Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.

DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY.
SAMUEL DARWIN and THOMAS DARWIN, roller-
manufacturers, Sheffield.
WILLIAM JENKINS, linen-draper, Brentwood, Essex.
JOSEPH SLATER, coal-merchant, Fulham, Middlesex.
SAMUEL BARBER, draper, Drury-lane,
BANKRUPTCIES SUPERSEDED.
MARMADUKE BREWER, fellmonger, Caerleon, Mon
mouthshire.
ROSSER THOMAS, coalmaster, Gellygare, Glamorgan
shire.