The Sun.
London, England, 1856-03-17 00:00:00

MURDER ON MAKES HEIGHTS.

The pa..age to which be referred stated tha,
acne were in the United liinatlorn about 5,500 parsons
who had returned themselves as following the proles-
elms of artists. Now, this number must assuredly era
brace very many whose intellectual or professional at-
tainments did not stand very high. He had not heard of
any-instances ie which parties relieved by this society
had done what persons who had received assistance from
the Literary Fund sad—namely, come forward and an-
nounced their names--but he had hoard of very many
instances in which recipients of the bounty of the Ar-
tists' Institution had at a later period been WA* and
willing to pay back, in the form of subscriptions to the
society, the money which they themselves had received
by way of assistance from the society's funds. (Cheers.)
He had referred to the chief facts connected with the
history of the institution, and now, perhaps, they would
allow him to examine a few of the objections which
might be urged against it, Some persons might ask,
" What need is there for such an institution ? What
security have you that, by tempting men into profes-
, sio[is for which they are wholly unfit, you do not
create more distress than the society relieves ?" Though
such criticism would not, as he believed, bear the test GE
examination, still it should not be dismissed lightly, or
as unfeeling. There could be ner doubt that there was
touch injudicious benevolence in England, and much
money was thrown away in a manner to do more harm
than good. (Rear.) They, therefore, ought to see, and
they were bound to show, that the purposes of, an insti-
tution, as well as the method of administering its funds,
were such as would stand the test of reason and exami-
uatien. (Cheers.) If they believed that an institution
possessed important and beneficial qualifications, they
were hound to explain to those from whom they sought
assistance why they thought so. Now, if they looked
at the whole range of intellectual occupations, they
would find that they divided themselves into two classes
those in which the means of subsistence was certain',
and those in which they were uncertain. In the first
class wen included the civil and military professions, all
salaried appointments, and all occupations in which men
traded upon capital of their own. In this class aid was
hut rarely wanted, and individual charity was generally
sufficient to meet any distress which might arise. In the
ascend chose he put what he called the open professions
—law, medicine, engineering, architecture, literature
and art, in which no amount of merit or talent would
insure success without they happened to attract the
attention of the public, or were assisted by favour.
(Hear.) No man knew, open entermg on an open pro-
fe.mion, teat he might not find it overstocked, arid
though superior energy and ability would make its wee'
over the beads of others, yet in tiat hard and doubtful
struggle there were many men who failed through self-
oistruet, from from the accident of remaining
rincoliceci, and a hundred other causes, besides intellec-
tual incapacity for the profeselon they had chosen.
(Hear, hear.) He weei fa cooversa.tion a short time since
with a geatiewan who hail bad long eNporlence as a
teaches a (me cf the univorl,ities rtiative to the comp-2-
tition for civil rvice appoiotaotnts, and lie happened
to say that the prizes weie too small for men of Talent
to compete for them. Upon this the gentleman to
whoto tie alluded replied, " Doe% believe that.
Many a man who ewe risen to the highest poste which
talent can attain would have been giae, on entering
life, to exchan,,,e all their splendid prospects for tee
sinalleat •soateie)y that would assure Lire
(11,,;1:%) He nientioned teis to show hew hard uncer-
teiety and anaisty pressed on the exertions of all men,
and that teetionrary want and difficulty was perfectly
compatible entla the posseesion of talents which were
sure ultimately to command success., (Cheers.) iiitherte
he had treated all open professions alike ; but there was
a wide distinction between teem. AI en entered seine
professions—the laiv, for instance—trot out of any ab-
etract liking of it, bet because, of the Opportunities it
offered to success, and whilst they had no peculiar re-
pugnance to it, they had, on the other hand, no aspira-
tions for any particular profearden. With literature and
art, however, the case was different. The inducements
to enter these professions were internal and personal, not
external and worldly. (Cheers.) It was true that there
had been authors and ertie.e who had amassed fortunes;
but the prospect of wealth never yet made a man an au-
thor or an artist. (Cheers.) Those who devoted them-
selves to imaginative composition—whether they de-
picted it by the pencil or the pen—did so, in obedience,
not to suggestions from the outer world, but to a law of
organisation, to disobey which would be to forfeit happi-
ness. (Cheers.) That impulse was altogether irrespective
of commercial principles or the laws of demand and
supply, and it therefore followed that, in such profes-
sions, the average of unsuccessful talent would be greater
than in any other. (Hear, hear.) Further than this,
the faculties called into play by the higher grades of
literature or artistic merit were, in most persons, in-
capable of that sustained and enremitted labour which
other organisations could without inconvenience endure.
(Cheers.) Reason, dry intellect, they might command
at will—unless, indeed, the physical health were dis-
organised ; but the vivid perception of beauty, the crea-
tive faculty, the ability to reproduce on paper or can-
vas what was felt or seen, had been placed by nature
less under the coatrol of the individual ; and too often,
in the sphere of action of those faculties, the workman
had brit one choice—either to suspend for a time Ids
efforts to produce, or consciously to execute work be-
neath his ordinary powers. (Cheers.) • Bearing in mind,
then, that all open professions are uncertain in their
results—that all were more or less overstockeel—that
the profession of an artist was being constantly entered
by those who felt an inclination to it, without reference
to their chances of success or support, and that volun-
tary intermissions from labour must occur even in the
case of the most successful—bearing in mind all these
circumstances, he thought they were justified in making
a special provision against the casualties to which artists
were liable. That was the purpose of this institution,
and, if he had shown the object to be good, and that it was
efficiently carried out, he had proved his case that it was
especially worthy of their support and assistance. (Cheers.)
In conclusion, the noble lord announced that the Earl of

One of the most shocking murders that have occurred
in the West of England for many years was perpetrated
en Thursday night in a field adjoining the camp ground •
at the Maker Heights, about two miles from Devon-
port, on the Cornwall side of the Tamar.
On Wednesday last the 3d Jager (rifle) Regiment of
the British Garman Legion arrived here in the Alps,
and after staying a short time a portion of the regiment
was ordered to Maker, to occupy the accommodation re-
cently used by the South Devon Militia. Amongst the men
so disposed were C. Jacobi and Hans Hansen. On Thurs-
day these two men were drinking together in Millbrook,
and. on Friday morning it was discovered that Jacobi
had been murdered. Jacobi is said to be a surgeon by •
profession, and of very respectable connexions, although
serving as a privste. They called at the house of a Mrs.
Palmer, and bought two penny buns -and some penny
loaves of bread at about 8 o'clock, and they were then
both the worse for liquor, but Hansen the more ine-
briated of the two. They were subsequently seen going
towards the barracks, Hansen carrying a large stone
under his arm. He did not, however, arrive at the bar-
racks until 12 o'clock, when he was immediately pieced
under arrest for being out of quarters without leave after
hours. On Friday morning, on calling over the muster-
roll, Jacobi was missing, and shortly after wards informa-
tion was received at the barracks that the dead body of a
soldier had been found by a man named Gregory, in a
turnip field near Maker Church, on the heights. A
picquet was sent to the spot, and the body found was at
once identified as that of Jacobi, although ho bad been
brutally mutilated, especially about the head. There
were three superficial wounds on the left side of the
head by the ear, ,of the several lengths of 2 inches,
1 inch, and inch. The scalp was separated from the
skull about 2 inches, though the skull wan not fractured
externally. On the skull being opened some extravaea.ted .
blood was found on the brain, wad en removing the brain
the base of the skull was found to be fractured thror4;ll
that part of the temporal bones which contains the organs
of hearing. About two or thee yards from the place
where the body was found a large stone was discovered
bespattered with blooa, and to which some human hair
was attache-,1. The stone was nearly IGdo. in weight.
Oa Hanson being arrested by Capt. Igaace de Zfemieki
that officer observed some spots of blood on his jacket,
and on his attention bet' :g called to it, he started back
and said, " I did not kill the men," and afterwards !,aid
his nose Lad been blee:_iims, and that some of the blood
had gone about bile cloths. The deceased had a short •
time previously received 401. fron his friends, but the
only money found upon the body was 3s.
A. coroner's jury has returned a verdict of wilful mur-
der against Hans Hansen.
The prisoner will be committed to Bodmin gaol, and
' tried at the Cornwall assizes, which commence on Sa-
. tarday next.

LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE.
FRIENDS OF POLAND.

DEPUTATION TO LORD PALMERSTON.
On Saturday a deputation, consisting of the Marquis
of Breo.dalbane, president ; the Marquis To wnshend, Vis-
count Raynham, M.P., Col. Pinney, M.P., E. Beales,
Ec.q., Wm. L. Birbeck, Esq., honorary Secretary ; and
Captain C. Szulezewski, resident secretary, had an in-
terview with Lord Palmerston, for the purpose of present-
ing to him a memorial ,from the Literary Association of
the Friends of Poland.

The Marquis of BREADILBANE, in introducing the de-
putation, observed that he and the gentlemen who ac-
companied him had waited on Lord Palmerston in behalf
of a society which was established soon after the coischi-
sion of the Polish war of independence in 1830.31, and
had since been occupied in diffusing information respect.
ing Poland, with a view to strengthen the interest felt for
her by the Bullish people, and in alleviating the misfor-
tunes of the Polish-exiles who, after that war, were cora-
Pelletl to seek an asylum on our shores ; a society which
always considered that it was its duty, whenever an op-
portunity offered for effecting any amelioration in the
condition of that unfertunate country, to urge upon the
Parliament and the Government the propriety of not
allowing it to escape. Actuated by these motives, they
ventured to submit to his lordship a memorial, which
was as follows .
" To THE RIGHT HON. VISCOUNT PALMERSTON, if.P.,

FIRST. LORD OF THE TREASURY.
" My Lord,—Your memorialists, induced by the very
critical circumstances of the times, and by the importance
of the great diplomatic meeting now assembled in Paris,
have ventured to approach you with an expression of their
feelings with respect to the cause they have long advocated
in common with some of your lordship's colleagues.
se" They are emboldened to do so by the consideration
that a groundwork exists on which to take their stand, in
the fact of the cause of Poland having been pleaded by &Bri-
tish Minister—and not by hien alone—at the Congress of
Vienna as the first and most urgent want of Europe ; that
the stipulations then consented to, however ill they may
have been fulfilled, still remain binding on Russia, and
that the signature of the British Plenipotentiary of 1815
remains for ever indelibly affixed to that treaty, which has
been notoriously and. scandously violated by the Power
whom our successes have, at last, enabled us to bring to
account.
" It is our firm trust that her Majesty's present Govern-
ment, traditionally bound to the support of liberal princi-
ples at home and abroad, and in that faith earnestly backed
by the country, now identified with the party that has un-
flinchingly maintained those principles through various for-
tunes for a century and & half, will never willingly recede
in the least from the jast and once formally admitted de-
mands of a Tory Ministry in favour of Poland.
" However neglected in the interim, the obligation of
Russia towards Europe in fesvour of Poland are, still, law-
fully in force, and the strength of public opinion in behalf
of Poland has increased a hundredfold since those obliga-
tions were first incurred and will increase with enlarged
knowledge of the subject and conviction of the justice of
its cause.
" If in 1831, when Russia was strong, there were reasons,
rather prudential than well-founded, which deterred former
and weaker Ministries from pressing the claims of Poland,
these claims ought now to be doubly enforced on her under
the altered circumstances of Russia and the bolder action
of our Government.
" Lot the treaty of peace impending be what it may as to
its immediate and more urgent provisions, the foundations
on which it is to rest and is expected to last—if is not to
be a mere repetition of the Peace of Amiens—must stand
on their ewn merits as to the balance of power in Europe,
which may reasonably be supposed its object. But as long
as the question of Poland remains unsettled, so long the
weak point of European stability remains where it was, and
the balance of power is, as it were, out of equlibrium.
And this because Rassia, though in this war she may have
been severely wounded, has, as yet, suffered no sufficient
material or permanent injury to impair her territorial and
political position of predominance towards Europe, which
will not be altered so long as she maintains her present hold
of Poland.
" So long, therefore, as this point remains unprovided
for, any treaty of peace to be concluded with Russia on such
imperfect grounds must necessarily remain pro tanto
an
incomplete and inefficient security for the liberties and the
tranquillity of Europe.
" If, as it seems to be put forward, the allies are acting
in the name, and on the behalf, of Turkey, which implies,
of course, a determination to require of the enemy all that
Turkey has a right to require, and. would require, en her
own part, had she by herself the strength of the allies.
" if, at the same time, the allies are acting with a view
to the future security of Europe, they ought equally to ex-
act all that Europe has a right to require for that purpose
from Russia,.
"Now Poland is at once the natural ally of Turkey
noinst Russia, and at the same time, the geographical
bulwark of Europe against Ruseils ; her reinstatement,
therefore, in strength and. indepe ',dance must be a great
political object from either point of view.
" If, then, the allies, victorious, are in a position to re-
quire from Russia all that is both due and expedient, not
only to Turkey, but to Europe, and fail to do so, the
enemy conies out of i're quarrel rattier the gainer than
otherwise, for a mere delay of 10 or 15 years is a trifle to
one who bides her time.
" Should the negotiations be concluded upon terms below
what Europe has a right to expect will be efficient for
curbing Russia, the result will be to induce that Power
to raise her pretensions. She would. thus be proelaimed to
the world as being, single-handed, a match for all Europe,
or, at least, for so much of Europe as the influence of
the allies would prevail on to act cordially against her.
And this success, it must be remembered, will be doubly
flattering to a nation who have a superstitious faith in their
own obstinate powers of resistance, in which they consider
themselves superior to the whole world when armed in the
cause of Holy Russia.
" But even in the narrowest view of the interests of
Turkey, it is impossible to overlook the importance of
Poland as her neighbour either for good or evil. Accord-
ing to the rule under which she may governed, she may be
Turkey's and Europe's greatest friend, or compulsorily
made to act as their greatest enemy.
" We are far from wishing to anticipate that Govern-
ment will be under the necessity of following s line not
exactly what it might have chosen, although peculiar cir-
cumstances may exist of which it is the only judge. But
as being many of us brought up in the almost religions he-
lief; which the spirit of the last war called forth, that Eng-
land was the first country in the world, and, as such, was
equal to the duties and responsibilities of that position, it
is daily more disheartening to end her :considered only as
among four or five of equal pretensions.
" Suck as she was in 1815, when she led the way to a
peace which bore far more severely upon the illegitimate
gains of the thenbold disturber of Europe, than, it is feared,
the peace filo ar contemplated will bear against the more
\crafty disturber of the present day—such we desire to see
England again. We hope to see her with increased rower,
experience, talent, and liberality, really effecting the good
now which she failed to do then, and turning the provi-
dential opportunity that has occurred to the best account
for stripping Russia of at least of some of her conquests.
" Among these that of Pelend is the most flagrant.
Poland, as early a free and constitutional country as Eng-
land herself, a still earlier promoter of religious toleration,
and the earliest emancipator of the Jews ; Poland, lastly,
and not least, almost the only modern example of a conti-
nental nation long and consistently striving after a free-
dom breed on old constitutional foundations, and not on
theoretical or violent revolutions.
ae" By supporting Poland in any way, or to any degree,
we should wipe off the standing reproach of the last peace,
which still clings to the name of England. among the nations
who complain that she deserted their interests, after
having made use of the credit of their cause.
" It is only necessary to name Sicily, Saxony, and with
Saxony Poland. Wo should revive the best of supports
in a war of principle (which any war in the present age is
likely to be, at its ending, if not at its beginning), the
support of the people, whilst immortal honour would ac-
company the name of the Minister who should have aided
in the restoration of Poland.
"It is on these many and important accounts that we
humbly submit to your lordship the earnest desire and
hope. which we entertain in common. We believe, n ith
the majority of our countrymen, that, at the Conferences
at Paris, some special instruction may be given to her
Mejesty's Plenipotentiaries not to let the negotiations con-
clude without taking into consideration the situation and
claims of Poland, with a view to the introduction of some
positive stipulation in her favour in any treaty of peace
to be signed with Russia.
" On behalf of the Council of the Literary Association of
the friends of Poland,
(Si3tted) "BREADALBANE, President.
"War. LLOYD BIREBECIE, Hon. Sec.
" 11th March, 1i56."
After the Marquis of BREADALBANE had finished read-
ing the memorial,
Mr. BELLES said that, although the deputation nomi-
nnlly only represented the Literary Aesociation of the
Friends of Poland, ho believed that they did, in fact,repre-
sent, a very strong and general feeling existing in the coun-
try of regretthat the war should be terminated without any
benefit to Poland, mingled with a deep and settled convic-
tion that peace could. never be established upon a sure and
permanent basis without Poland being restored to the posi-
tion of an independent State, since it was over the ruins of
Poland only that Russia was able to extend her system of
aggression against Turkey and other States. This feeling
might have been evoked by holding public meetings, ut
=any earnest friends of the cause being of opinion that
null a course 21 t this particular period, and whilst the Con-
ferences were in progress, might have the effect of eembar-
rassingembar-
rassing
-
ising the Government, it was thought better, and
in this
opinion that venerable statesman Prince Czartoryski had
coinclded, to press the matter upon his lordship's attention
in the shape of the nseenotial which. had been presented,
and to urge upon him, as Prime Minister, the importance
of the condition of Poland being taken into consideration
at the present Conferences at Paris. If it were not, if
nothing should he now done to repair the deliberate viola-
tion' of the treaty of Vienna which had been committed
UT Dissia with regard to Poland, then, Great Britain and
Franco, parties to that treaty, would be considered, and
justly considered to have sanctioned those violations. Th©
question of the restoration of Poland resolved itself into
two branches, that of the restoration of Poland as she was
before the first partition in 1772, and that of the restora-
tion of the Polish kingdom constituted under the treaty of
Vienna. The first was what pure and strict justice re-
quired, but if subsequent events and the conflicting inte-
rests of Austria and Russia should be deemed to render
that too difficult and complex a question to be brought
forward at the present Conference, it was at least the
bounden duty of the representatives of Great Britain and
France to insist upon the observance of stipulations to
which they themselves had been parties.
Mr. BIRKBECK, in reference to an observation which had
fallen from Lord Palmerston, said that, as regarded Cra-
cow, a protest against the annexation had been made by
the English and French Governments ; but that if peace
were concluded without any notice being taken of the
various infractions of the treaty of Vienna committed by
Russia with reference to Poland, the inevitable conclusion
would be, that the Western Powers had. condoned those
infractions. That there would be great danger in this can ;
that the Polish nation, considering itself abandoned by
the whole of Europe, would, at length, unite heartily
with Russia. That during the present, war considerable
advantages had resulted. from the circumstance of, at least,
one-fourth of the Russian army being composed of soldiers
disaffected to the Emperor ; but chat if the Conferences
for peace ended, without even an effort being made by the
allies on behalf of, the Poles, this advantage would be lost
in any subsequent war, and the Russian empire would be
strengthened and consolidated to a much greater extent by
the peace than it had been weakened by the war.
Lord PALMERSTON, who had listened with much atten-
tion to the memorial and the remarks of the deputation,

in the course of which he made several observations, oho
ing great acquaintance with, and interest in, the subject,
declared that the question should receive the earnest consi-
deration of the Government, and the deputation withdrew.

31URDER, AT QUARRY-BANK, NEAR
STOURBRIDGE.

A dreadful affair took place at Quarry-bank, in the neigh*
bourbood of Brierley-hill, on the evening of Sunday last.
A. man named David Taylor, a nailer, 21 years of age, met
with his death under circumstances which threaten a lead
to the most serious consequences—three men, father and
sons, being now in custody on a charge of committing the
murder. The names of the prisoners are Josiah Chivers,
aged 59. and Joseph Chivers, aged 30, and Josiah Chivers,
aged 20, the two sons of the first-mentioned. The elder
Chivers was a watchman in the service of the New British
Iron Company, at Cra,dley-heath ; his son Joseph was a
collier, and his son Josiah was also a collier, in the em-
ployment of the same company. Joseph Chivers is mar-
ried, and resided near the scene of the catastrophe, and it
would appear that on Sunday last, his wife having re-
cently been confined with her fourth child, his father and.
brother (Josiah and Josiah, jun.), who resided at Rowley,
paid him a visit with a view to celebrate the event. They
arrived in a light spring cart, which, after unharnessing
the horse, they placed near the door of Joseph Chiver's re-
sidence. At about 12 o'clock at night some person took
the liberty of removing The cart, and then running it
against the howe-door, when the Chiverses lel the house
and a quarrel commenced. A person named Joseph Mor-
ris, a fergeman in the service of Messrs. Swindell, at era-
ley-heath, was going home at the time with his wife and
daughter. On arriving near to the New Inn, Quarry
Bank, he heard a scuffle, and saw Joseph Chivers, whom
he heard charging four or five young men with running
the cart against his door, and thereupon he (Joseph
Chivers) laid hold of one by the collar and threatened him.
A general fight ensued, in the course of which the two
Josiah Chiverses went up. Some women went up at the
same moment, and exclaimed to the two young Timers,
"D—n'usa, ge"um some more." The three prisoners then
followed the party of young men, among whom the man
Morris saw the deceased David Taylor, and in a moment
afterwards he (Morris) saw Joseph Chivers run at Taylor,
(the deceased) and knock him down. Joseph Chivers fell
upon the deceased, and remained upon him fer four or five
minutes, exclaiming, while upon him, " D—n him, I'll
murder him." Morris saw Joseph Chivers strike the de-
ceased while the former was upon him, but he could not
see whether there was anything in his hand. The deceased
orid " Murder," when Joseph Chivers, immediately after
getting up from him, said, "I'll stop the b-- hooting
murder." Joseph Chivers then walked up the road to-
wards his own house with the women and the two other
prisoners. Tho man Morris did net see any one strike the
deceased but Joseph Chime; but he said the two other
Chiverses were running about the road while the steno just
described was going on. Strange to say, nobody took any
notice of the deceased, who was left lying upon the ground.
But about four o'clock on Monday morning a person saw
police-constable Millington on duty, and told him that he
had found a man who had been murdered lying in the
middle of the turnpike-road in the locality referred to,
and over whom he had like to have stumbled. Millington
went to the spot described, which is about a mile and a
half from Brierley-hill. He there found the murdered
man.

PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE.

CIVIL SERVICE SITPERANNUATION.

This committee reassembled on Friday, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer in the chair. The following members
were also presant :—Lard Stanley, Mr, Henley, Sir H.
Willoughby, Sir S. Northcote, Mr. R. Palmer, Sir F.
Baring. Mr. Ricardo, Mr. Rich, and Mr. Roebuck.
Mr. Stevenson, of the Audit-office, was the first witness
called. He said, with reference to the case of Mr. Mallet,
of that office, which was alluded to by Mr. Bromley at the
last sitting of the committee, that the oiiginal award of
Mr. Mallet's superannuation was made on his own volun-
tary offer to retire. Thewitness read a memorandum from
the officers of the Audit-office to the Lords of the Treasury
bepeaking their kind consideration of Mr. Mallet's claim
for the highest ,tale of retiring pension, on the ground of
his long and valuable services ; also, letters from the Mar-
quis of Lansdowne, the late Mr. Huskisson, and other gen-
tlemen, addressed to Mr. Mellott, ail speaking most highly
of his Laity as a public servant. The witness next read a
report from Sir F. Baring and Sir A. Spearman, to the Su-
perannuation Committee of the Treasury, recommending
the amount of Mr. Mallet's superannuation to be increased
from 8501. to 8841. The highest amount of superannuation
he would be entitled to was 9161. 13s. 4d. The usual course
was to deduct 1-sth of the salary. An addition, ameunt-
ing to 4-sthe was made to Mr. Mallett's retiring pension,
owing to his long service, which made it 8841. Thisamonnt
Mr. Mallet complained of, as not being equal to the pee.
sions given to two other public servants within his own
knowledge, and declined to accept the 8841. That letter
was submitted to the Superannuation Committee, who re-
ported on it, and the pension was then restored to the ori-
ginal grant of S5Ol. The retiring pension was made in ac-
cordance with the Treasury minute of 1831.
By Mr. Rich—The recommendations he had read were
treated by the Treasury as public documents.
By the Chairman—Wi'zness was familiar with the case
of Mr. Luttrell, who was a commissioner of the Audit-
office. His retiring was owing to the consolidation of the
stamps and taxee and the excise. That consolidation was
the cause of a large saving to the public. He was allowed
the full amount of retiring pension allowed by the act,
without deduction. If Mr. Luttrell did not voluntarily
retire, the Treasury could not have compelled him, as he
held his office during good behaviour.

Sir C. Trovelyan was theh recalled, and, in answer to
the chairman, said Ise wished to submit an explanation of
his former evidence relative to the redundant list. He read
a long written statement on this subject, his evidence on
this point having been controverted by Mr. Hayter. He
said he had thought that a large number of civil servants
in the colonies had been placed on the redundant list, but
he found on inquiry that was net so; they were placed on
the superannuation list. _

In reply to questions by Sir H. Willoughby and Mr.
Henley, the witness said that in his previous evidence h.
did not by any means intend to single out the Secretary
to the Treasury (Mr. Hayter)—he meant only to speak of
the system of the Treasury and the Government, and not
of individuals.

Mr. Willis, of the Superannuation Department of the
Treasury, was next examined—He raid he had been secre-
tary to the committee of civil servants of 1.846, alluded to
by Mr. Bromley. The first object of that committee was to
establish an insurance fund for the widows sad orphans of
deceased civil servants, but they abandoned that idea oa
the ground of the clerks being unable to contribute from
their salaries sufficient to form an insurance fund. He
held that the civil servants had an equitable claim t 'at the

deductions should have been formed into a fund, and in-
vested by the Government. He had made a calculation of
the amount of deductions for a series of years. From 1829
to 1851, Parliamentary returns showed the amount of de-
ductions, and he found that, between these salaries which
were liable to deductions of 5 per cent. and 2i per cent.,
they amounted to about 91,000/. a-year, or about an ave-
rage of 4 per cent. The committee next considered the
question as to what age civil servants ought to retire on a
pension. The average age was considered to be 57. but the
committee thought the age might be extended to 65. There
were 16,000 persons in the civil service, and he believed
those persona entering the service at the age of 25 gave an
average service of 40 years—that was till they reached the
age of 65. He included the coast guard in the 16,0 G ti. He
took 65 as the average age of retiring on pensions, but of
coarse oases would occur both before and after that period.
The annual amount of deductions under the system he
should recommend would be about 100,0001. a-year, and the
amount paid in pensions would be about 200,0001. Hia rea-
son for wishing the Government to fund the deductions was
that the payers of the deductions would be thereby able to
see the amount they paid and the amount for charges : the
advantage of that plan would be derived, not by the Go-
vernment, bni by the civil servants. The witness next en-
tered into an explanation of a calculation he had made re-
lative to insurances. He believed that though there were
numerous applicants for offices in the civil service, yet a
large number left after being appointed, which he con-
sidered was principally owing to the deductions. He
believed ho represented the feelings of the civil servants as
to their grievances ; but, with respect to the remedy, there
was considerable division among the civil servants. The
committee with whom witness acted proposed to enforce a
deduction of 2,1 i per cent. from the salaries, which the civil
servants should be empowered to leave by will to whemsc-
ever they wishe 1. He believed the civil servants generally
would prefer to see their salaries free of deductions, with
the exception of the 2i per cent. he had just named.
After hearing some further evidence ou this point,
The committee adjourned till the 2d of April.