The Sun.
London, England, 1851-03-29 00:00:00

PRICE OF SUGAR.

The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sager, com-
puted from returns made in the weak ending March 25,
1850, exclusive of Customs Duties paid or payable thereon
on the importation thereof into Great Britain :
From the British possessions in America 275. 04d. per cwt
From the Mauritius ... 275. I lid. „
From the East Indies ... 283. „
Average price of the three foregoing de-
scriptions of sugar, jointly, computed as
above, and exclusive of duty ... 278. 9d. „
By authority of Parliament,
HENRT BICEN ELL, Clerk of the Grocers' Company.
Grocers'-hall, March 28.

The following is the House List of Governors and
Directors of the Bank of England for the year ensuing, via. ;

FOR GOVERNORS.
Thomson Ilankey, Jun., Esq., Governor.
John Gellibrand Hubbard, Esq., Deputy-Governor.
FOIL DIRECTORS.
Thomas Baring, Feq. Alfred Latham, Esq.
Henry Wollaston Blake, Esq. George Lyall, Jun., Esq.
Edward Henry Chapman, Esq. Thomas Masterman, Esq.
Robert Wigram Crauford, Esq Alexander Matheson, Esq.
William Cotton, Esq. James Morris, Esq.
Benjamin Buck Greene, Esq. George Warde Norman, Esq.
John Oliver Hanson, E- q. John Horsley Palmer, Esq.
John Benjamin Heath, Esq. Sir John Henry Polly, Bart.
Kirkman Daniel Hodgson, Esq. Henry James Prescott, Esq.
Henry Lancelot Holland, Esq. Thomay Charles Smith, Esq.
Thomas Newman Hunt, Esq. Thos. Matthias Wegnelin, Esq
Charles Frederick Huth, Esq. Francis Wilson, Esq.
The Election for Governor and Deputy-Governor will be
held at the Bank, on Tuesday, the Bth April, and for Direc-
tors, on Wednesday, the 9th April, from ten o'clock in the
forenoon till four in the afternoon.

MRS. TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL, " SECOND LOVE;
OR, BEAUTY AND INTELLECT, in 3 vols., is published this
day by Mr. Colburn, and may be had at all the Libraries.
Also, now ready, 2. Tales and Traditions of Hungary, by
Francis and Theresa Pulsky. 3. The Dreamer and the
Worker, a Story of the Present Time,by R. H. Home, Esq.
4. Madam Dorrington:of the Dene, the Story of a Life, by
William Howitt. 5. Time the Avenger, a continuation of
"The Wilrningtone," comprising the History of Mr. Craigle-
thorpe, by the author of " Emilia Wyndham." 6. Mark-
land, a story of Scottish Life, by the author of " Margaret
Maitland."

MONEY MARKET—The quotation of gold at Paris
is about 3 per mille discount, according to the
new tariff, which, at the English Mint price of
Si. 17s. 10 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex-
change of 25.10; and the exchange at Paris on London at
short being 25.00, it follows that gold is 0.40 per cent.
dearer in Paris than in London. By advices from Ham-
burgh the price of gold is 4251 per mark, which, at the Eng-
lish Mint price of Si. 17s. 101 d. per ounce for standard gold,
gives an exchange of 13,56 ; and the exchange at Ham-
burgh on London at short being 13.5 i, it follows that gold
is 0.18 per cent. dearer in London than in Ilamburgh
The course of exchange at New York on London for bills at
60 days' sight is 1101 per cent., and the par of exchange
between England and America being 109 23-40 per cent.,
it follows that the exchange is nominally 0.67 per cent. in
favour of England; but, after making allowance for differ-
ence of interest and charges of transport, the present rate
leaves no profit on the importation of gold from the United
States.
EXTRAORDINARY ENCOUNTER.—On Sunday morn-
ing last a large rat attacked a brood of chickens iu the
poultry yard of W. jlcldsworth, Esq., when the hen most
valiantly defended her offspring, and successfully kept the
rat at bay, inflicting considerable punishment. The cock. then
came to the hen's assistance, and by their united efforts suc-
ceeded in giving the rapacious intruder its quietus.—Notting-
ham Mercury.
THE NORFOLK RAILWAY.-IVe learn, from a good
source, that the new chairmanship of this company will be
inaugurated by a most vigorous. effort to
.increase the traffic
of the line, 1)y Amu IVIIIO4 WI c #4cick4.

This navigation naturally divided itself into three
districts. The first division, extending from the source
of the river, to the town of Newry, was shallow, cir-
cuitous, and obstructed, and from the great inelination
of the bed of the river, the current was ♦ery rapid,
which combined causes prevented any other than small
boats from navigating this part of the river. The se-
cond division, from Newry to Warren Point, was car-
ried through the narrow channel of the river, fur a
length of 14 mile, then through an extensive tidal lake,
for a length of 3 miles, as far as Narrow Water Castle,
and from thence to Warren Point, a further distance of
If mile, where it entered Lough Carlingford. The na-
vigation through this division was originally so defec-
tive, that only vessels of about 100 tons burthen could
reach Newry at spring tides. The channel was ex-
tremely irregular, crooked, full of eddies, and difficult of
navigation; in some places it was dry at low water, and
in many had not more than 2 feet 6 inches depth of
water over shoals, with occasional rapid falls. The
third division extended from Warren Point to the Irish
Channel, through Lough Carlingford, a distance of 12
miles. In this division there was little difficulty, as the
depth of water varied from two fathoms at Warren
Point, to 20 fathoms at the entrance from the Irish
Channel.

Such was the state of the Newry navigation in the
year 1760. At that time the Irish Government di-
rected the Board of Inland Navigation to examine the
Port of Newry, and point out what was considered the
beat plan for improving it. After much investigation, it
was finally decided to make a canal from Newry to a
place called Fathom, on the south side of the river, and
about 2 miles below the town. This canal was 80 feet
in width at the top, and 9 feet 6 inches in depth. The
entrance lock, at Fathom, was 128 feet in length. and
24 feet in width. This canal was opened for traffic in
1769, and effected a great improvement in the naviga-
tion, and consequently in the trade, as vessels of 120
tons were readily
.brought up to the town. Simulta-
neously with the completion of the canal, a floating dock,
or basin, was made through the centre of the town of
Newry, and from the upper end of it, another canal of
smaller dimensions, for barges, was carried 9 miles up
the valley, to the summit between the Newry and Bann
rivers.

Again, in the year 1829, on the abolition of the Irish
Board of Inland Navigation, a company was formed, and
an Act of Parliament was passed, for transferring the
whole of the works into their hands, and binding them
to complete the navigation, according to a particular
plan, within seven years from the passing of the Act.
According to this plan the river was straightened and
deepened, in the first instance by giving full effect to the
flux and reflux of the tide, and increasing the quantity
of backwater, or natural scour, upon the bed of the
river, and afterwards by means of dredging, blasting, a❑d
diving-bell work. The portion of the navigation from
Doyle's Hole upwards was so liable to be silted up, and
there was already so much alluvial matter requiring to be
removed, that it was thought advisable to extend the
canal from Fathom to this point. The size of the entrance
lock was also increased, and the original canal itself much
improved and deepened, so that vessels of about 500 tons
burthen could reach Newry and discharge their cargoes
directly into the warehouses.
The works for the improvement of the river, and the
construction of the old canal, were commenced in 1830,
and the extension and enlargement of the canal in 1842.
The paper minutely described the details of the various
locks, gates, rubble walls, embankments, with pitching,
and other constructions, the whole of which had been
completed by April, 1850, at a cost of 170,0001., of which
100,0001. was the estimate for the new works, and about
60,0031. for the old works.
In conclusion the author directed the attention of
members to the question, as to how far the advantages
of dredging, and other artificial means, might be carried
in the improvement of rivers, and where the canal be-
came superior, both as to economy and certainty of
result.

The Paper announced to be read at the meeting of
Tuesday, April 1, when the monthly ballot for members
will take place, was: " A Description of the Lockwood
Viaduct, on the Huddersfield and Sheffield Railway," by
Mr. John Hawkshaw, M. Inst. C.E.

BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT SOCIETY.—The report
of the directors of this institution for the year 1850 states
that they have expended nearly 4751. during the past year.
Two hundred and ten pounds has been distributed in tempo-
rary relief among six retail booksellers, ten booksellers' as-
sistants, one widow ofa wholesale bookseller, two widows of re-
tail booksellers, and four widows of booksellers' assistants ; the
same parties having received upwards of 8001. in former
years. For permanent relief, or annuities during the past
year, seven booksellers' assistants, one widow of a retail
bookseller, and ten widows of booksellers' assistants, have
received above 2601.; the same parties having previously
received nearly 4001. Four of the booksellers' assistants
receiving permanent relief have had comfortable and happy
homes provided for them at the booksellers' provident retreat.
The sums granted for assistance have yearly increased ;
2,5001. having been thus expended since October, 1840, when
the institution began to grant relief; and, up to the present
time, one wholesale bookseller, fourteen retail booksellers,
forty-eight booksellers' assistants, one widow of a wholesale
bookseller, five widows of retail booksellers, and thirteen
' widows of booksellers' assistants, have experienced the
timely and valuable aid of this institution. Notwithstand-
ing these and other necessary demands upon the funds, the
directors are enabled confidently to anticipate that the per-
manentfund of 20,C00/. will be obtained before the next
annual general meeting.
YACHT ACCIDENT.--SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY.—
Last evening the yacht Sea Dog, the property of George
Parren, Esq., left the Southampton river at about half-past
six o'clock, with her owner, accompanied by his brother,
Robert Barfet, Esq., for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, the wind
at the time blowing from the westward. When off Calshot,
she came in contact with the steamer Duke of Buccleuch,
and with such force that the yacht immediately sunk, and
those en board were immersed in the water. Mr. Parren,
with the commander and man, succeeded in getting hold of
the steamer's boat, but Mr. Barfet lost his hold, and was in
the water for about ten minutes, when the captain of the
steamer (Mr. Gilpin) most heroically jumped overboard and
succeeded in holding Mr. Barfet until thewaoasa bt came tdeal ex-
o their
rescue and picked them tip. r. Barfet
hausted, but from the exertions of those on board the steamer,
and medical assistance having been speedily procured when the
steamer reached the pier, we are happy to say he is in a fair
way of recovery. The exertions of the captain and crew of
the steamer are highly spoken of by those who were in the
yacht. An attempt, we believe, will be made to raise the
yacht in the course of the day.
APOTHECARIES' HALL.—The following
Mr
ea received e. are
re
certifi-
cates names of the gentlemen who passed their examination
in
the science and practice of medicine, and
to practise, on Thursday, the 27th of
Duncalfe, Walsall; Robert Valle Skinner, lie
William Pilkington, Leyland, Lancashire • Jadolachnrn.7Elll''e'ecnnurt:Y:
Axminster, Devon; Henry Benjamin Wood,' New Romney,
Kent ; George Dawson Armstrong, Cumberland.
DESTRUCTION OF TWO HOUSES DT FIRE AT CHAT-
HAM, Maacit 28.—This morning, shortly after two o'clock,
a fire broke out on the premises of Mr. John Cliff,
so
pawn-
broker, High- street, Chatham, and rapid were the flames,
that the next house, in
the occupation of Mr. Moses
Goodman, clothier, was soon in a blaze. Both houses are
eg burned to the ground ; owin to the ravages of the fire very
little property
is saved. Th entire stock of Mr. Chft, the
Ereate4t prtiQrA bciag pledges, is reduced to Wank

The decision at which the meeting would, in all probabi-
lity, arrive, had been for some time anticipated by those
who had watched the progress, or rather the decline, of the
iron trade, since the quarter-days of January. An advance
of rates appeared to be out of the question; a maintenance
of present prices, or their reduction, was considered the only
alternative. The former of these two courses, after much
deliberation, has been resolved upon, but it remains to be
seen whether it will be strictly enforced at the several quar-
terly meetings which will be held in the course of the ensu-
ing fortnight.
In January it will be recollected that a slight advance of
prices occurred, and, from appearances, hopes were enter-
tained that orders, then more than previously numerous,
would enable the ironmasters to continue the works of the
district, if not in full, at least in moderate or average em-
ploy. The result has not justified those anticipations. At
an early period after the last prices were fixed their mainte-
nance was found extremely difficult, and purchasers dis-
covered within a month that they had bought' at higher
rates than the subsequent state of the iron-market warranted.
The second-rate masters pursued the system of underselling,
and even makers who were parties to the settlement of the
January prices were glad to accept orders from merchants
at figures considerably lower than only a few week.
before they had resolved to exact. A gentleman practically
connected with the iron trade of South Staffordshire
writes thus :—" An entire absence of all speculative im-
pulse still prevails; orders continue to be par-
tiall v distributed, some works being plentifully pro-
vided, while others have scarcely half employment,
and it is a subject of universal complaint that business ib
being transacted without remuneration. During the last
fortnight buyers have again had the advantage; but, al-
though for a short time the tone of feeling rallied, there was
still underselling, which would have been carried further
were it not impracticable with the present scale of wages.
The depression of the home trade, which bears peculiarly
upon the Staffordshire market (alluding, it is presumed, to
agriculture), and the low figures by which the Welsh makers
are endeavouring to secure the lion's share of rail and fo-
reign orders, added to the introduction into our distict of so
much inferior material, seem to have put aside all prospect
of obtaining any improvement of prices during the spring or
autumn months.
The incautious over-extension of works in times of sudden
unexpected, and temporary prosperity, combined with the
formidable competition of the Scotch and Welsh ironmasters,
are justly deemed among the principal causes of the continued
depression of the South Staffordshire iron trade. The make
and the means of making, and with such formidable rivals,
are far too great for the regular demand of home or fo-
reign markets; for, although during the last six months
the exports of iron to North America, owing to
peculiar circumstances, have been very considerable, that
market is already becoming dull, and in all probability, if
report speaks truly, some degree of stagnation, so far as iron
is concerned, may be anticipated. There is no probability
of the tariff of 1841 being rendered higher, and the large
cargoes of iron which, in anticipation of such an event, have
been imported into New York, will now be thrown into the
market. The intelligence brought by the Cambria and the
Europa bear out this opinion.

A reduction of make, or a reduction of wages, are the two
remedies suggested, the former of these palliatives being of
Scotch origin. Let either the one or the other be adopted, it
is clear the workpeople must be the sufferers. The iron-
masters of South Stallordshire, are, and ever have been par-
ticularly anxious not to curtail the employment or
reduce the remuneration of their men; to such an
extent has this considerate feeling been exhibited that
many works have been carried on which, if profit only had
entered into the masters' minds would have been closed, for
the purpose of giving employment and support to the neigh-
bouring population. But the question arses, what is to be
done? For a time, in a certain portion of the iron district
the manufacture received a temporary impetus from work
executed for the erection of the Crystal Palace ; and, again,
the iron culverts required for the sewers of the metropolis
gave a little spirt to the iron trade of this immediate neigh-
bourhood. The orders for the former are completed, and
those for the latter fast progressing. To add to this gloomy
representation of the iron interests in the midland counties
the iron trade of Wales and Scotland, according to latest ac-
counts, is not in a much better condition. Orders are scarce,
and prices declining.

COMPLETION OF NELSON COLUMN, CHARING.
cross.-A5 t here seems no probability of the lions mounting
guard at the foot of the Nelson Column this year, I would
suggest, by way of a temporary finish, that four field guns
complete be placed on the four projections.—Correspondent of
the Builder.

ROYAL ORTHOPZEDIC HOSPITAL. The annUel
meeting of the friends and patrons of this charity took place
yesterday, at the Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen-street ;
Quarles Harris, Esq., in the chair. The report stated that
there had been a considerable increase in the funds of this
institution during the past year, as well as in the number of
patients who had received relief from it. The funds, how-
ever, had been merely adequate to the requirements, for in
many cases the patients remained in the wards for a very
considerable period, which of course tended to increase the
annual expenditure. Many most important liti provereent4
tilted
pbaefeine
nmf
sa, d,se,
hbiye
hthwe surgeonsouldp rov e
oin f
thethe
beneLlt not
only to the profession, but to the cornmunitv et large. Her
Majesty had, by a donation of 250 guineas" to this charity,
general treatment of
purchased for his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales the
perpetual right of having an in-Patient in the wards; and
there was, at the present time, a
girl twelve years of age
severely afflicted in both feet,
progressing most satisfactorily,
placed there by his Royal Ilighnes, the Prince of Wales.
The number of in-patients admitted during the past year
was 79, of whom 56 were discharged
cured, 23 were relieved,
and there were now remaining in the wards 36. The total
number of in and out patients during last year waa 1,455,
which was an increase over last year of 160. Since the open-
ing
6d. The re ort
of the caarity there had been 10,570 cases admitted. The
receipts for the past year amounted tin 2,162/. 35. 2d., and the
was adopted, some formal resolutions
disbursements to 1,8861.125. Bd., leavg a balance of 276/.
La thanks to the chairman, the meeting separated. '
passed, Onicers fli; the ensuing year elected, and, after a vote
NEw LUSO ENCUMBERED ESTATES ACT.--We be..
lieve we are correct in stating, that it is the intention of
Government to introduce a Bill, probably before the Easter
recess, extending the duration of the Irish Encumbered
Estates Commission for seven years. The new measure will
also enable the Commissioners to include arrears of rent in
the sale of any property brought within their jurisdiction,
and on the determination of the Commission, all their powers
are to be vested in the Irish Court of Chancery.

A too fastidious moral, like too fastidious a taste in
diet, impairs enjoyment. Those are best constituted for
happiness whose refinement is of the average quality, con•
genial to the world they live in.--Eliza Cook's Journal.
INTEREST ON RAILWAY DEBENTURlls.—Notwith-
standing the unprecedentedly high rate of interest charged
on what are called railway " continuations," at the Stock
Exchange, railway companies of ordinary credit have no
difficulty in borrowing money at 4 per cent.

We regret exceedingly to learn that the latest ac-
counts received from Bowood represent the ttatcticatoo of
Lansdowne to be gradually aiukibi•