The Sun.
London, England, 1851-05-30 00:00:00

EVENING, MA Y 3O, ISM.

• •
fardolciiiianding the farces, lend took m6ane To send foreafto
+the place where-thninserrection had broken out. He took
other means also promptly to suppress the rebellion,' and
with the concurrence of tits Qrieen'e Advocate and of other
authorities he proclaimed :nartial law in the district which
was disturbed. The effect was immediate, and was most
gratifying, because, as the Eight Hon. Gentleman says, m a
very sew days the armed resistance had ceased—those who,
had been collecting together to proclaim the pretender as
their king, and those who were destroying the coffee plan-
nations, had dispereecl in various directions, and though
4,000 me assembled at ore time to attack the troops they
were completely driven bark and dispersed. So far Lord
Torrington is not to blame for the steps he took. But the
Right Hon. Gentleman saes that, he continued martial law.
The Right Hon. Gentleman, however,- omits one particular
circumstance, which is this—he acted in concert with the
Executive Council in this matter.—(Hear, hear.) He had
the opinion done gentleman in' this council strongly op-
posed to his own, but he had'theepinion of four others in
his favour, which, with himself, made a preponderance of j
five to one;- and the Major-General commanding the dis-
trict, above all, was strenuous in advising that the powers of
martiallaw should be continued. Now, Sir, I submit to the
House that it is a totally different thing to act in the man-
ner which those resolutions describe—at his sole will and
sole caprice, and to take the deliberate advice of his
Executive Council, of those who were best acquainted
with the colony, and with their advice to continue martial
law fora short titne.—(Elear, hear.) The whole time during
which that martial law Was continued Was ten Weeks. l ap-
prehend, however, that it is a most. serious resolution for
this !louse to come to, that to establish martial law in any
district or any parcof the country was wrong. -I must ad-
mit that those acts which have been gone into. in great
detail by the Hon. and Learned Member for Abingdon,
whether accurately or not I will not at this moment inquire,
with regard to irregul4rity in the mode of taking evidence,
the want of a defence, and of a cross-examination,—many
of those circumstances are inherent and inseparable from
the proclamation of martial law, which the Governor thus
took upon himself; but the Governor at the same time had
to consider—and this will be the queition for the House to-
night—that if on the one hand martial law cannot be con-
tinued without the risk of puniAnnent which may reach,
not the most guilty, but at all events those who have ap-
peared in arms and are guilty according to the law of high
treason and rebellion—if such may be the consequence on
the one hand; on the ether hand the consequence of ceasing
to continue martial law may ba that that rebellion, at first
weak and inconsiderab!e, may become formidable, and may
disturb the whole order of the colony • that the allegiance
due to the Crown may be destroyed; that property may be
ruined, and, above all, that humanity, for the sake of
which martial law was determined upon, may itself be lost
sight of; many more lives be lost in the struggle which may
ensue than would have been lost if martial law for a taw
weeks had been withheld. Now that was the question Lord
Torrington had to decide. Lord Torrington is accused Lin
the resolution before the House of departing from the usual
merciful administration of the penal laws of the country.
He is censured for pursuing conduct that was arbitrary and
oppressive; and I ask how can any man have such a censure
inflicted upon him, and say it passes over his head and
merely strikes the Government ?—( Hear, hear.) I do not
pretend to say with whcm the share of blame would be the
greatest, but I ask coule any man bear the censure of wan-
ton cruelty, of having rut to death, without necessity, the
subjects of the Queen, and of having pursued arbitrary and
oppressive conduct, without feeling such a blow, coming from
the House of Conamcns, as one which would almost crush
him? When the question came before the Government at
home a dispatch was written which contains two very remark-
able paragraphs ; and I asst say I think the Hon. Member for
Inverness-shire, in quoting from that dispatch, has shown the
blindness of prejudice uncer which he has generally appeared
to labour on these questions. The one paragraph has refer-
ence to the measures taken by Lord Torrington for the
prompt suppression of the rebellion; and upon that subject
I think almost every Hoe. Member will agree that Lord Tor-
rington's immediriie proclamation of martial law, and his
immediately sending out troops, were measures of wise and
prompt action against an incipient rebellion.—(Hear, hear.)
But there is anether part of the dispatch which relates to
the punishments to be inflicted. The Hon. Member for In-
verness-shire ready that part of the dispatch only which refers
to the prompt suppresdon of the rebellion, and omitted
altogether the part which relates to punishments. I will,
however, 'ask permission to read to the House the paragraph
omitted by the Hon. Gentleman. Lord Grey, in that dis-
patch, says—
"l concur in your Lordship's opinion that it is necessary
to punish with severity tie leaders and promoters of this in-
surrection, which will prove the most merciful course in the
end. But while it is necessary to vindicate and maintain the
law, it is desirable that acts of justice and severity should be
strictly limited to what 's inevitably called for by the occa-
sion and that the prevailing character of measures consequent
upon excitement and insubordination should at all times be
that of moderation and clemency towards those who have
been misled. This in-plies no- indulgence towards the
guilty contrivers of sedition, nor any forgetfulness of the
claims to consideration aid protection of the loyal, peaceable
and industrious, who corstitute, as I am happy to find, the
great majority of her Majesty's subjects in Ceylon."
Now,' I ask the Horse whether these are not sen-
timents which it was befitting a Secretary of State to
approve and express? Ent I must also ask, where was
the candonr of a Member of this House, who, on bringing
an accusation of wanton severity against the Government,
could have totally emitted the paragraph I have just read?
(Hear, hear.) It is quite true, see has been said by the
Hon. Member for Dorsetahire and the Right Hon. Member
for the University of Oxford, that the'Government have not
collectively expressed any disapprobation of the conduct of
Lord Torrington in punishing the anthers and contrivers of,
and the partakers in, the rebellion M Ceylon. In the last
dispatch written by Lord Grey, part of which has been read
by my Honourable and Leaned Friend, it is stated that the
Government still believe that Lord Torrington was guided by
the opinion he had conscientiously formed, supported as it
was by those who ought to advise him in the colony; and
that, in proclaiming martial law and punishing those who
suffered, he was acting, as he believed, in the only way
that could- maintain the tranquillity of the colony and
provide for the welfare of her Majesty's subjects. That,
Sir, is our opinion. It is our belief that when you send a
governor to a distant part-of the globe, and AV Li ou you find
th,t, he is zealously performing his duty —that he is endea-
vouring, by all the means in his power, to preserve the
colony he is appointed to govern ie allegiance to her Ma-
jesty, and is at the same time consulting the peace, the
Welfare, and the prosperity of such colony—confidence
ought to be evinced in that governor—(llear, hear)—aud
that we ought not as a Govemmeut to throw censure upon
acts with regard to which, if there be any difference of
opinion, he is much more likely to judge rightly, with the
assistance of his advisers, than we—who must form our

lied the JudgnaAdtocatg; there is great sympathy with
individuals, but no one except the Right Hon. Gentle-
man the Member for Oxford (Mr.Glactstcne), seermeto think
anything of the inhabitants of Ceyion—(Hear, hear)—and
the duties that we owe to them.—( Hear, hear.) The Hon.
and Learned Member for Shefliead ( Mr. Roebuck), indeed,
laid down a most extraordinary doctrine. He says. "Cey-
lon is not a colony; we gained it with the sword, and
we must keep it with the sword "—(Loud cries of
"Hear, hear.") Hang; them, tax them, confiscate them, se-
questrate them—(Laughter)—all this the Governor may do,
and neither Minister nor Parliament has any righteto com-
plain.—(Hear, hear, and laughter.) That is not my way;
that is not the way which these enlightened benches can
possibly patronize as the mode of governing the inhabitants
of a country, colony or not.—(" Hear, hear,"from the Opposi-
tion.) They are of a different race, says the Hon. and
Learned Gentleman; they have a different language, chiefs
of their own, a priesthood ot their own; it is not a planta-
tion like Ulster; we cannot recognize the people as entitled
to any protection of the law of nations or of nsture.—
(Laughter) And then comes the Honourable Member
for 1-loniton (Sir J. W. Hogg), and he says, more
guardedly, but in the same tone, " Take care; ab,olute
governors must not be called in question, or your em-
pire is in danger." Why, that is a plea for
Verres.—(Hear, hear.) And these are professors of liberal
principles and champions of public right, who are destroying
the very foundation of all political responsibility.— (Hear,
hear.) The Government, they say, is responsible far the
conduct of its subordinates, but you are hurting tile
ings, you are destroying the prospects of the subordinate ;
and it is impossible to carry into effect the doctrine of the
responsibility of a Minister.—(Hear, bear.) For my part,
1 shall form my opinion just the same as if, instead of
" Lord Torrington," we had a blank in the book—a parson
described by .tars or other printer's inarks.—(Hear, hear.)
I think the very fact that Lord Torrington is no longer go-
vernor of Ceylon, which is urged as a reason why we should
proceed no further, is an additional reason why we should
prosecute our task. What have we to do with Lord Tor-
rington ? We have to do with this dependency of the Crown
—( Hear, bear)—we have to ascertain whether it was well
governed or misgoverned, and, if misgoverned, to take steps
to secure its future good government. The existence of the
individual connected with that government is, as compared
with our task, but as a drop of water to the ocean.—( Hear,
hear.) Besides you cannot now turn round and say, "You
are hunting an individual to death ; you are withdrawing an
individual from his appointment."—(Hear, hear.) But I
cannot help here recalling to the recollection of the House
the manner in which this Noble Lord has been withdrawn
from the scene.—(Hear.) Strange position in which the
present Administration is perpetually placing itself anoma-
lous position—that they stake their existence now on sup-
porting a man whom they have already withdrawn from his
government, anti not for the faults ot which he ie eeeneed !
—( He ue hear.) I agree with the Under-Secretary that
Lord Torrington is a very ill-used man; but by whom ill-
used? By her Majesty's Government.—(Dear, hear.)
They have withdrawn him, and for what? A perfect Mi-
nister, the best of administrators of finances, the man who
has put down rebellion, and delivered his dependency in a
state of unparalleled prosperity and peace to his successor, a
man who has fulfilled the highest duties in the most complete
manner, is recalled by the Government.—(Hear, hear.)
Grateful Government ! --(Laughter and cheers.) Why is he
recalled? I believe there were two letters written to two
persons; I believe he called one man a fool and the other a
knave, and I am not quite sure that the letters may not have
crossed, and the wrong man got each of them.—(Laughter.)
There was a contemptible piece of scandal that none but an
old maid in a country town would have listened to, and for
this you sacrifice this able statesman—(Hear, hear, and
laughter)—who did that which your own Chancellor of the
Exchequer never could do—gave you a surplus revenue—
(Laughter)—and that which your Secretary for Foreign
Affairs has hardly contrived to do—kept you at peace.—
(Renewed laughter.) Was this insurrection or rebellion met
iu a proper manner? or was it encountered and quelled in a
spirit and under circumstances disgraceful to the name of
England, and dangerous to our tenure of that or any other
colony ? There has been a controversy as to the number of
persons tried and executed. My Hon. Friend has been in
that respect most unfairly accused by the Attorney-General.
The inacsuracy of which he speaks, if it be the case, arises
from the Government documents placed before the Commit-
tee, and from the varying accounts produced.—(No, no.)
In one the figures are 120—in another 126.—(A Member—
" 146.") But the greatest " mare's nest " was found that
ever rewarded the most patient inquirer--(Loud laughter)
—for, says Mr. Attorney, " I will show you how unjust
are these resolutions of the Honourable Member (Mr.
Baillie)—how exaggerated the statement - when I prove
to you that out of these 120 or 13e criminals, 67 were not
even tried for high treason or rebellion by these military
tribunals, which we consider too severe and stern even for
high treason and rebellion." To prove by the existence of
these tribunals that there was rebellion and treason, the
Hon. and Learned Gentleman shows you that the majority of
the prisoners brought before them were not guilty of either.
—(A laugh.) But it has not been denied that, when tran-
quillity was restored, these tribunals still pursued their
dreaded course, and there were executions by the score; and
not of headmen, priests, leaders of this rebellion,—but the
poer peasantry of the country.— (Hear. hear.) Yet, if we
were to believe the statement of her Majesty's Ministers, all
the discontent, I might say disgust, at these proceedings, is
essentially factitious—(Hear, hear)—has been made upby
some discontented coterie a year after the event, sent over the
water to England, fostered in the House of Commons, and
brought forward merely as the means of party annoyance.—
(Hear, hear.) We have just been told that in Ceylon the
public opinion was not at all arrayed against these proceed-
ings—that they were not condemned by the press—that it
was only in England the press was so venal and corrupt as
to disapprove of the conduct of the Governor. Here is a
leading article from a colonial paper. I am not going
to read from the Observer, edited by Mr. Elliot, whose
conduct and character have been so fully criticized. lam
going to read from the Government paper—from the paper
familiarly styled in Ceylon "Lord Torrington'e paper"—
(" The date !") It is called the Examiner. I will give you
the date. It is September 23, 1848. Most happy period !
( A laugh.) "The Rebellion Butchery" is the title of the
leading article—(Hear, hear, and laughter)—which proceeds
as fellows :
e It is with feelings of sorrow anal hnmiliath,n we hoer
that seventeen persons now lie under the recorded sentence
of death in Kandy for having taken part in the late rebellion.
These unfortunates have been tried by the civil tribunal, and
were recommended to mercy by the Chief Justice. Obliged
as a judge to record the dread sentence, as a man and as a
Christian Sir Anthony could not forbear calling for that cle-
mency from the Governor which it was not in his own power
to extend to these unhappy men. In making the appeal to
the prerogative of clemency, the Chief Justice sees, as must
everyone, that the supremacy of the law has been vindicated
already by the two executions which have taken place in
Kandy; that the punishment which so irresistibly fell upon
the people, their heavy pecuniary losses, the numbers which
have been slain in action, and ethers condemned to transpor-
tation, have been sufficient to deter from another outbreak.
We join our feeble voice and implore the Governor to spare
the lives of these misguided people, that while there is yet
time to dispatch an express to Kandy, he will in mercy send
a reprieve 1\ hile we are writing a court-martial, presided
over by Captain Watson, holds its sittings at Matelle, a tri-
bunal from which there is no appeal to higher authority. 21
persons have already been shot under its sentence, to the
horror of the commandant of Kandy, who feels that he can
exercise but little control, the sentence being carried into
effect immediately under the orders of the court."
The article gives a faithful picture of the feelings of the
country expressed by an organ favourable to Government.
" Under the Governor's proclamation that people should
return to their homes, many are daily falling into the hands
of the military court, which perpetrates this wholesale
butchery irresponsibly. From the constitution of these
courts it cannot be doubted that many innocent victims
suffer; it is believed that the priest who was shot in Kandy
would not have been adjudged guilty by a civil tribunal, for,
like the four priests who were acquitted, he acted under in-
timidation. Four men were shot at Kornegalle a few days
ago, who met their fate with coolness, uttering imprecations
on their slayers. 200 bodies, we hear, have been accounted
for, if our information be correct; how fearfully have these
people paid the penalty of their folly; yet does the court-
martial continue its bloody work at Matelle. That Ceylon
may not be held up to the execration of the world, and what
is of more consequence, that those who are responsible for
the continuance of the carnage may find mercy when they
come to their own dread reckoning, we call upon our rulers
to stay their hands from slaughter by arresting these pro-
ceedings. The soldiers are pillaging the houses, digging up
the floors to find money and jewellery belonging to the hiding
villagers, confiscated under martial law. The scenes at pre-
sent enacted in the neighbourhood of Matelle are a disgrace
to a civilized Government."
That is the language of a journal which is popularly known
as " Lord Torrington's journal." It is the language of a
journal which appears to be written in a spirit of fair-
ness. How can the Government come forward and say
that there is no public opinion as evinced by the press
to which reference can be made?—(Hear, hear.) I
shall not dwell on details. The circumstances must be fresh
in the recollection of every Member of the House. 1 look to
them as circumstances which are dangerous to our tenure of
our colonies. This, I think, of all others is the case in which
the Parliament of England ought to interfere; and now if it
interfere it does so after the advantage of a prolonged inves-
tigation by one of its Committees, and after it has been put
in possession of the most ample materials. What I say is,
that I do not look now to the responsibility of a Governor,
whose admirable qualities have been acknowledged by the
Ministry that has withdrawn him from his post. Ido not
look to responsibility in a distant colony. I look to the re-
sponsibility of the Minister. In a dispatch which, in a
certain sense, may be considered formal, I find this language
uttered by the Secretary of State in another place after due
deliberation, after having made himself master cf all the cir-
cumstances of the case. When he would be alive to its im-
portance from the pending inquiry and the possible conse-
quences of the vote in Parliament, Lord Grey, in April of
this year, thus expressed his opinion:—
" lie has had to deal with a rebellion which he has shown
proceeded from causes of discontent of long standing, and
which had existed long previous to his assuming the govern-
ment, and that this rebellion was repressed by the wise
policy and promptitude of the measures which he adopted ;
and I will not hesitate to express my opinion that true
humanity was consulted by the measures of my Noble
Friend."
It is because I do not believe that the interests of true
humanity; we•e consulted, but became I believe the policy
pursued has been a policy of panic, a policy under which
measures have been adopted disproportioned to the exi-
gency ; it is because I feel what would be the consequence of
encouraging such a policy—and we do encourage such a
policy it it is allowed to pass uncriticised and uncensuredin
this country—it is because I believe the consequence of such
a policy would be perilous to the empire that I will support
the resolutions of my Hon. Friend.—(Cheers.)
Mr. BAILLIE replied. With reference to the case of
h
one of the prisoners tried by court-martial, e quoted a com-
munication from Major Lushington. to show that the
prisoner,. having been told through the interpreter that he
was at liberty to call a person to defend him, addressed
himself not to the proctors but to Mr. Wilmot, a Govern-
ment officer, whose duty it was to defend prisoners. Major
Lushington said he did not understand what the prisoner
said, but Mr. Wilmot rose and went out of court. and after a
pause the interpreter stated that the prisoner had no friend
tried
oassist him in lite defence. With respect to the numbers
by court-martial, the terms of the resolutions had been
altered, three different accounts of the numbers having been
produced.
The House then divided, when there appeared—
For Mr. Baillie's motion . • .. 202
Against it .. • • • • • . 282
Majority for Government _BO
The announcement of the numbers was received with loud
cheers by the majority.
The other orders were disposed of, and the House ad-
journed at a Quarter to Three o'clock.

judgments at a distance—can be expected to do.—(Hear,
hear.) I believe we hays adopted a just opinion on that
subject—(Cheers)—and I think, having regard to colonial
government in general, teat this House and the Govern-
ment ought to come to an entirely opposite conclusion
to
.that which the HonotTable Member for Inverness-shire
has adopted. I believe ',hat if, at the beginning of an in-
insurrection a colonial governor was obliged to say to
himself, "I must take cite how I act; I must beware how
I punish offenders - (Heir, hear)—or my conduct nay be
b ought before a Comnittee of the House of Commons.
I may be censured by the Government, I may be sub-
jected to the pains and penalties of a censure of the House
of Commons—(Hear, hear)—and therefore I must be careful
not to exceed the verse and boundary of strict law—
I believe, if you teach such a lesson to the governors of
your colonies, that whie you diminish their energies, and
while you will diminida the security of her Majesty's
subjects in the colonies, you will do nothing for humanity,
—(Hear, hear)—but on the contrary, whenever an insurrec-
tion takes place, you wil have a long and bloody contest—
you will have the lives cf. her Majesty's troops sacrificed on
the one hand, and you will have the lives and property of in-
nocse t colonists destropa or endangered on the other. I
therefore come to a cuiclusion entirely opposite from that
adopted by those who support the motion of the Hon. Mem-
ber for Inverness-shire. I agree with the Right Hon. Mem-
ber for the University o' Oxford that this is a most impor-
tant question for the souse to decide. I for my own_part
would wish that none "ill join in this censure upon Lord
Torrington, upon Lord Frey, and upon the Government, but
those who feel that, inking at all the merits of the case,
they have no alternative. I trusto none will join in the vote
but those who have considered this colonial question, and
who feel that they are found to pronounce censure upon the
late Governor of Ceylupon the Colonial Secretary of
State, and upon the Government. If that be the case, I
shall c
hatever thatheerfullydec leave tie decision to this House, believing,
nay
be, that those rules and maxims
wn
that we have laid dowi, must be the rules and maxims by
which any Government will be guided which seeks to pre-
serve this empire; and
any Government were to take
hat if.
the dastardly part of sterificing a governor—(" Hear, hear,"
and cheers) —because a damour was got up against him with
great perseverance apdindustry, that Government, while it
would be sacrificing thecolonies, would meet with the repro-
bation—the deserved rearobation of the people of England.
Mr. DISRAELI thet rose and said,—l admire, Sir, the
statesmanlike spirit of he First Minister of the Crown, who
feels it to be his paramount duty to support the representa-
tives of the Sovereign in the exercise of their duties in dis-
tant dependencies.— (leer, and a laugh.) I admire the
Minister of this county, who is determined not to sacrifice
a governor to public carpour; but that being the feeling—
the conscientious condition—of the Noble Lord, I may be
permitted to ask bin why he yielded to the glamour he so
much deprecates and denounces, and why he so easily
granted the Committee—(Laughter arid cheers) • whose pro-
tracted investigation he now finds it convenient to criticise?
( Hear, hear.) I ask the House to remember (indeed it is
impossible to forget) ,be character of Lord Torrington, as
just now not only sketcied but coloured by the First Minister
of the Crown. Why, t is the character of a perfect gover-
nor—of an administrsor who perfectly accomplished the
highest duties under ircurnstances the most difficult. He
found a deficient revenie—he leaves an ample surplus. He
encountered a terrible ebellion—he delivers to his successor
a peaceful community. And this is the governor whom—at
the very first moment then a murmur is heard against his
administration in this louse—the same Minister we have
just heard lauding his feebly defends, and then ignomi-
niously deserts!—(Chess and laughter.) The Noble Lord,
after all the remarkablecircumstances connected with this
inquiry, seems to think,too, that he is to escape from all the
merits of the case, by dlivering some abstractions like those
contained in the paragnph of Lord Grey's dispatch, which
he blames my Hon. Fiend for not quoting. The Noble
Lord, instead of entering into the merits of the case, or
offering to the House a 'indication of his own bonduct two
years ago, delivers some ;eneral observations ulion the duty
of a Minister of Englanc not to desert the representatives of
the Sovereign, and not tcallow Governora . to be sacrificed
to clamour. The Noble Aord said, his ingenuous addresi,
" I think it would have ben only candid and just and fair if
the Hon. Member for Inverness-shire had not narrowed the
issue in this, petty manne; if he had, at leas', in a spirit of
justice, called the Eaten= of the House to the general
effects of the Administrator of Lord Torrington, and had
shown them how succesafu Lord Torrington bad been as
a financial administrator, is well as in quelling an insurrec-
tion." Why, whst, is tint reason we have been obliged to
narrow the issue? Does tit Noble Lord know that the Com-
mittee on Ceylon was pretented from entering into the ad-
ministration of Lord Torrhgton and the mode in which he
changed the fiscal arrangements and affected the revenue of
the colony ? The Noble Lard can scarcely be ignorant of the
fact. Ile must recollect that when this question was first
brought before the fiance one of his ardent supporters rose
and said it was a covert attack upon free trade.—( Laughter
and cheers.) The Noble Lord supported his friend, and we
were in consequence obliged to narrow the instructions of the
Committee merely to the causes and conduct of the insurrec-
tion. I myself had some experience of the Ceylon Commit-
tee. I do not pretend to lave attended so diligently as
some; my attendance was sometimes short; and why? I
found the Committee embniled in investigations which I
thought could lead to no eeditable consequence.—(Hear,
hear.) I found the proceedings too often partaking some-
thing of the character of the intrigues of country towns, and
of the passions of a parish..-(llear, hear, and a laugh.) ,
I cannot but feel that the sane character, with some excep-
tions, has too much pervaded this debate. We hear a great
deal of the character and the feelings of the Governor

Mr. T. A. Mitchell paired with Lord Newport against Mr.
Baillie's motion.
Captain Harris has been prevented by severe illness from
attending the House of Commons during the last week.

Dispatches were received at the Colonial-office on
Wednesday, from the GoortzQr of Malta.

„ - • ----
i principal towns. It is intended also to paint't;+=e ''''ela
MR. •6V YLD'S MODEL OF THE
EARTH. 1 the countries on boards fixed to the pillars which supteoegnebe:2-:1
(From the Times.) 1 galleries as guides to the unlearned.
.The scale on whithaf]
The strange,looking cylindrical edifice which now fortu-f earth's surfecee is represented is ten miles to the incheereerjel.e
:I.
mizorlietatlo; in the vertical scale, however, the proportion of 6114 ' (
nately covers the once howling wilderness in the centre an inch has been adopted, as it.w-ould have been im-
Leiceeter-square, and whose rapid growth has for the rel
u
few weeks been the daily wonder of those whose path hasst possible to have made the mountains sufficiently visible had
! the due proportions been observed. From the upper gallery.
lain across this region favoured by the foreigner became the whole extent of the American continent may be viewed
penetrable yesterday to the press and a few favoured visi-
tors. It contains, as all who have seen the building have by looking down i but from no point can a hemisphere of the
learnt from the painted hoards outside, a model of the earth earth be seen. Had it been se arranged, a more effective
constructed by Mr. Weeld, the Queen's geographer. it was i coup d'ceil would have been gainel, but the exhibition would
originally that gentleman's intention, as he informs us in a have failed to be so instructive as at present, for the spectator
little pamphlA descriptive of his work, that this huge repro- II must in that case have been placed so far from the surface
sentation of the surface of the globe should figure in the , that he would not have been able to distinguish the contour
Great Exhibition, but it was found that the necessary ar- of the countries, which is minutely pourtrayed, and is now
distinctly discernible. Of the fidelity of this magnificent re-
rangements for erecting and exhibiting the model were ita- presentation of the earth's surface, Mr. Wyld's reputation as compatible with the space and convenience that could be a geographer is sufficient guarantee, and it opens an unri-
afforded by the building in Hyde-park. That this was the vaned- 'p' royal road” to the acquirement of geographical know-
case is far from being a subject of regret, fur as a monument led e
greatho„ end
of of our present geographical knowledge, and of the enterprise, suchtheg•in.tfrao:dyutcl;?erayideo:pla oa tai
onnisodel,as suppliedis ttorridlyovisi
visitors-
ros observed d
thein
industry, and ingenuity of its author, Mr. Weld's model de-
mined in no other way,
.u. en incidents, may be s: tidied with facilities to be ob-
physical and political geography, with their
serves a site and pedestal of its own, and one more pernia- I
atefar beyed,a_inladtniana3;
neat than it would have obtained in the Crystal Palace. I
Nor is it a small gain which the public has indirectly ito ar extentacquired thereby, that a neat and sightly building should can
This interestinfg model has received the warm approval of
boethfeartn
milienarnisseodf tiontshtreumctiinond
I
stli,,eiytlh'r,esidep;
rho,
Royal Geographical Society, Captain
have taken the place of that hideous display of decaying
shrubs and putrescent carcases which the inhabitants oi
le N.„ in his preeicentiel address a few weeks
Leicester-square have so long allowed to poison and disfigure
a centre and populous quarter. ago, expressed himself in r tgeer'ecbigicraeptioiicaildr.knW:wilde'tsigsecltioemthee,
astf`GAll‘jbwoshi.7ttempmtatdoeih'mparte
M.P., in the construction
To be told that one is about to see a gigantic model of the
earth on a scale of ten milee to an inch conveys to the ordi-
nary sight-seer no very brilliant or attractive promiee. To million has been
be sure it may be very instructive and edifying, but that any \gyre],
very immediate. pleasureable impression is to be derived from fitting op in geie
a source • • y ano!fier of our fellows, Mr. James
eitersuare, an
apparently so dry seems highly problematical. The toilsome, ingenious, and expensive. ' '
visitor who notwithstending these unfavourable reflections the earth is modelled on may be induced to stray into the building in Leicester- to one degree horizero•al
square will find his listless curiosity convertedat once into one mile to an inch vertical,' ~ I nis colossal figure of
tet effort
once gl
übe
onerous,nevr
a scale of ten geographical miles
, or six inches to a degree, and it is
admiration and eager interest. The model is censtru:ned onst bile the
,diameter is no less
the concave surface of theglobe,..
without regard to t inclination the lower portion and
orfith of i)
the south pole occupying " Visitors will pass into the interior of this large ball, and
Etrhpeeneedliicputliacr.lyclanboeNn-eteirt-, I tnhyanenseiaNntsyoffeeat.gradual ascent of successive stages, will view
every part of the vast model from a very moderate distance.
ing the globe accordingly, we nd ourselves surrounded by Mr. Wyld was good enough to show and explain to me the
the South Pacific Ocean, and already we are struck with whole of his undertaking, and though the work was not then
the peculiarly picturesque eect of the model. The tracts sufficiently advanced for minute criticism. I confess to being
of land surrounded by a wide expanse of blue ocean pre- both pleased and surprised upon the whole. It is made up of
sent at once a striking picture. galleries connected
, some thousands of raised blocks or castings in plaster, from
by - stairs in the centre, enable one to
o survey the whole the original models, of mountain and valley, sea and river, in
internal surface ; and from the gallery, over clay, the fitting of which has been one of the principal ditli.
which the icy regions of the North upper
eerf a vaulted culties which the constructor has had to encounter. Recol-
canopy, the eye reaches downwards in all dirnercult' and is
The letting that only a limited portion of a sphere can meet the
able to embrace almost the whole surface of the 10in.%
eye at once, it occurred to Mr. Wyld that by figuring the
outward circumferences of the galleries are neargenoueg;F-A
tc' earth's surface on the interior instead of the exterior of his
the surface to enable one to examine closely the minutest
globe the observer would be enabled to embrace the distribu-
details of the model, and the relative positions of plain and ,
mountain, valley, and table-land. Each part is appropri-
tion of land and water, with the physical features of the
ately tinted -the fertile valley, the granite range, the snowy globe at one view ; and in this he has succeeded; while,
peaks, the volcanic craters, the lake, the river, and from tho grot,t size, the examiner of details is hardly aware
the sandy plain ; and while the characteristic features of each that he is gazing on a concavity. The attempt is well worthy
tract are thus rendered apparent at the first glance, all blend of the projector, and of the spirit of the age."
and melt together when the vision groups them into masses, lWe have no doubt the model of the earth will continue, for
so that the eye as readily gathers the relative magnitudes of I.l.length of
Ltime,ondon to constitute one of the most attractive ex.
ib.
minor divisions of sea and country as those of oceans and
continents. The choice of the concave surface, which to most Ma. WYLI . (From the Chronicle.
persons will appear objectionable as not giving a notion of the gunge of the President-"MODEL OF THE EAETH.—This, in the lari-
globe; as it really; appears, will upon the first inspection at a bold atter')t of the Royal Geographical Society, is
once be applauded. Thesuperficial configuration of the various we stand to Ptlie million—an illur part a knowledge of the globe an which
tracts of land is exactly identical with what it would be on a ingenious, and ex ion—an effort at once onerous, toilsome,
convex surface, and the only difference is in the direction the scale of ten geographical The model is colossal. It is on
of the axes of the different elevations, which converge to, six inches to a anddegreeaPical miles to the inch horizontal, or
instead of diverge from a common centre—a difference diameter being no less one mile to an inch vertical; the
than 60 feet. There was a private
scarcely appreciable to the eye, owing to the smallness of the view yesterday, at which the feelinof •
g admiration at the de-
elevations relatively to the extent the surface. The d
of -
sign and execution was unanimous.
vantage, on the other hand, of the concave surface, in allow- for the first time •
otherwise, for here, in the history of inven-
ing the eye to embrace so large a portion of theglobe, • is para. tion, the observer is enabled to trace the distribu
tion of land
mount, the spectator being able to extend his range of vision main • and water with the physical features of the globe at
almost indefinitely, with t h f • • db •
ou c ane o position, an eing one and the same view.
thus endowed with a kind of übiquity; whereas only small
portions at a time of a convex surface could be grasped, and (From the Daily News.)
the survey of any extended region would require a corre-
Yesterday a private view took place of the great Model
sponding amount of locomotion, while immediate reference Globe, preparatory to its opening to the public next week.
The structure in which it is placed has been erected
by the eye from one to the other of two distant points would
be impossible. on the lately desolate inclosure of Leicester-square, and now
really forms an ornament for that district. The main On the importance of this remarkable work as a means of
en-
instruction to those bent upon the acquisition of solid know- trance is on the north side of the square, and the vestibule
ledge, or as a source of interest to the more worldly and comes out to the footway, and leads to a circular building,
superficial gatherers of information, it would be superfluous crowned with a hemispherical metal dome, of about 70 feet
to expatiate. It is evident that the vivid impressions which in diameter, much in the style of the Colosseum. There is
such a comprehensive survey of the varied features of the no pretension in the architecture, but its form gives it effect.
globe we inhabit as is afforded by hlr.Wyld's model produces Around the inclosure a new railing has been placed; the gar-
must tend to fix upon the mind deeply and permanently all den has been laid out afresh, and the broad walks of the
branches of knowledge and every variety of fact that may square, leaeing the surrounding apace open. The vestibule
is large. On passing this, the visitor enters a circular
be conveyed in connexion with the physical peculiarities of
the earth. Those whose knowledge is already extended, by corridor, of 250 feet in circumference, running around
having what was an abstract conception solidified as it were the bottom of the globe, among the supporting timbers,
into concrete perception, will find themselves enabled to rise and which is now being decorated in the Moorish style,
with greater facility into a higher region of research, while under the direction of Mr. G. A. Jermyn, architect, who
h those who have yet to master the fields of knowledge al- has very ingeniously availed himself of the timbering so
ready laid open will find the path smoothed for them,as to produce a picturesque effect. The only part as yet
and
c many an effort of thought avoided, by what may be called aompleted is the Moorish gate, forming the approach to the
material intuition. globe. The remaining portions are only as yet picked out
The apace within which the globe is placed is surrounded with blue in arabesque ; but the globe lamps are hung,
by a circular corridor formed by the beams and joists by
which, at night, gives time corridor effect. The
which the model is supported, and outwardly again are four design of a great model globe is nothin a picturesque g new. One
large apartments. These, as well as the corridor, are intended under the name of the Georania was long on view at Paris,
to contain maps, plans, models, geographical works, and until closed by the late revolution. This is a globe with
books of travels relating to every quarter of the globe. So a plain painted surface, seen from the interior, and about
OA the " Model of the Earth " will be a depository of all forty feet in diameter. A like design has often been
the information that can be obtained of a geographical or to- projected here; but it was left for Mr. Wyld, M.P.,
pographical nature. Such an institution as this must neces- to realise the cherished desire of men of science to have on
sarily be of immense practical utility, and no less than the a large scale a delineation of the physical features of the
work which has given rise to it is deserving the warmest sup- earth. In the first instance, Mr. Wyld proposed a large
port of the public. globe to be exhibited at the Crystal Palace, and to be
(From the Observer and Advertiser.) viewed from the exterior; but it was not enough to send
The public will, within the next two or three days, have there such a globe, for it would have been necessary to erect
an opportunity of viewing Mr. Wyld's great globe in very large galleries occupying a considerable space in
Leicester-square, upon which a large number of artists and the building to afford access to the model. It is one of the
workmen havelteen fully employed for the last six months, inconveniences attendant on the natural or external re-
and which, we have do doubt, will prove one of the most presentation of the earth that a large space must be tra-
interesting and attractive, as well as instructive of the many versed in order to view each portion. Thus for the portion
exhibitions and sights of the great metropolis. The build- now constructed a dome as vast as St. Peter's would
ing itself occupies nearly the whole of the area of the enclo- have been required for its exhibition, while no satisfactory
sure in Leicester-square, and is a sort of miniature St. Paul's, examination of the surface can be made. To remedy this,
being surmounted by a gigantic and well-proportioned to afford a better view, and economise the time and exertion
dome. The entrance is on the north side of the square, of the spectator, lir. Wyld considered it advisable to adopt
and opens into a lofty hall, paved with patent lava inlaid an artificial or internal representation of the earth, in which
noming in no., wecian style, to correspond with the other bile bp,ctut.ur .i...n ale wtode anti each portion ri.ts, tho in-
decorations. After passing the turn-tables at the end of side, and by au ascent of forty fee: only is enabled to get
this hall, the visitor is conducted to the central staircase, within ten feet of the surface, a condition essential where the
w which leads him to four tiers of galleries rising one above work is so minute and elaborate. As for the celestial globe,
the other to the top of the building. The great panorama it is found most convenient to abandan the natural method,
and adopt a representation of the heavens from the exterior,
or map of the world is here spread out before him, and the
so is it with the Great Model Globe to adopt a contrary pro-
effect is extremely striking and beautiful. The best idea
that can be given of the design is to conceive a gigantic
cess, and the spectator, in a work on so large a scale, be-
comes readily familiarised with the view presented to him.
hollow globe with all the mountains, rivers, eleva-
tions, and depressions in relief, and then to suppose this globe r
The globe within which we enter is placed vertically north
turned inside out, and the spectator standing in the centre of and south, the unknown regions of the South pole making
the interior. Above his head, at an elevation of sixty feet way for a staircase and galleries, and those of the arctic
for. the illumination and ventilation of the interior. The
from the ground, are the northern frozen regions, "thick
ribbed in eternal ice." The route ofFranklin, and the daring diameter is called sixty feet, and the circumference about
a
adventurers who have been endeavouring to follow in his ihundred and ninety feet, affording a surface of above
track, is easily discoverable. Descending lower to the level ten thousand square feet. 'Within the structure are four
galleries, affording near views of several zones of the earth's
of the upper gallery—which comprises nearly all the civi-
lized portions of the globe, including the whole of Europe, the surface ; but it is most desirable in the first instance to as-
north of Asia, and the northern states of America—the accu. vend to the upper gallery or platform, when a remarkable
racy and minuteness of the execution become more apps-
sight presents itself. Modelled on a colossal scale are Europe,
rent. The peculiar features and physical characteristics of North America and North Asia in their familiar features,
the country—the course of every stream and river, and the with the expanse of the oceans. The rivers are seen mi-
nutely depicted, the mountain chains, represented in their
height and direction of every hill and mountain range—are
various peaks and branches, their snowy heights and hollow
seen all coloured after nature. In the next gallery,
volcanoes. Above us the ice-bound realms of the north
which approaches the equator, the wide and desert
wastes of Africa, with the lurid red sand colour gleam under a blueish light. While we are struck with the
of the soil, the overland route and the southern greatness of the picture in contemplating those lands less
parts of India, and the islands of the Indian Ocean are known to us, when we turn away from the great continent
seen ; and descending lower, we come upon the great of North America, with the proud feeling that such vast dis-
southern continent of Australia, South America, and the tricts belong to us, we are struck with surprise to find our
vast expanse of water which covers more than half the sur- own island no bigger than the sheet of paper now strewed
face of the globe. The whole of this extraordinary work has before our readers. Yet there it is with every well-known stream
been laid down with the greatest accuracy, according to and hill, its cliffs, its bays, and its creeks, so well laid down that
scale, the proportions being the same as those employed in as we look at it through a glass, we may fancy ourselves
the Parliamentary railway maps, namely, one inch to ten viewing the wide scene from the peak of Snowdon, Ben
miles of horizantal measurement, and one inch to a mile of Nevis, or other towering mountain. In the design and ex-
perpendicular elevation. Every-mountain has its character ecution of this great undertaking, Mr. Wyld has displayed
indicated, whether covered with hardy pines, presenting great ability and resources, and he has been well seconded by
naked granite peaks, covered with eternal snow, or exhibit- those who have co-operated with him. Mr. eVyld has scru-
ing volcanic action, wh ch is shown by the red glare of fire on pulously guarded himself against anything but natural and
its summits. All the numerous islands and coral reefs of the Permanent types. There is no writing on the surface, no
great southern ocean are laid down with the greatest
artificial lines; nor are there even indications of the pheno-
recision
and the physical, as well as the geographical featuresp of the mena of isothermism, electromagnetism, atmospheric, and
oceanic currents. The seas are. marked ofh blue, the land ix
world, are here presented with a startling reality which .eias
green tints, except in the frigid zone,
.w ere it has a
never before been realised. The exhibition may berendered covering; the mountains are ranged
available in a variety of ways, for the purposeof indicatingthe glittering icy
currents
according to their height, the volcanoes shown with
isothermal lines of temperature, the of the great
peaks, the line of perpetual snow indicated by
hollow oceans, the magnetic currents and poles • and in short itsof colour the rivers mark d
the absence , eo with
value as a model for illustration and instruction can
scarcely . arge towns by sp , ots the sandy deserts lines, the l of the
be over estimated. Mr. Wyld has been for many years col- f' red. E c t the
Sahara by a glare o, . . nep
line towns the only vette
letting materials for this gigantic work, and his name is alone
tige of human occupation is the of the great wall of
a sufficient guarantee for the fidelity with which it has been
China, dimly dotted down. By the arrangement of the
executed. The lower part of the building has been fitted up
oa ue colours, as well as by media sto • off the light,
as a corridor and promenade geographique, with couches,
opaque colours, as well aa by media stopping off the light,
as a corridor and pronicnacie peograplsique, with couches,
and a very extensive collection of maps, globes, &c. The great variety of surface is produced. Altpolling gether this is one
and a very extensive collection of maps, globes, &c. The
of the most remarkable works of the
year. The Crystal
style of the corridor is Byzantine, to meet the exigencies of
Palace is remarkable for its variety,but as a single work
the building, which takes a considerable curve inwards.
this model globe stands unsurpassed,- nor is it likely to be
The columns and decorations are exact models of the Al-
wanting in interest to thepublic, for, while the idlest spec-
hambra, and we understand this is the first attempt that has
tutor must be attracted b
been made to introduce this style of decoration in England.
not some distant relative whose curiosity, there are few who have
The corridor will be lighted by ground glass lamp', in the
out, or whose line of
station they wish to mark
Moorish style. Attached to the building is a geographical .seek to know, and before
_ the great model globe of tall - library, containing a most complete collection of geogra
geogra hical a other globes and modes of
phical works and maps, which will be accessible to all . P representations fade into comparative insigni.
• licence.
visitors, and the whole will form one of the most interesting
and perfect geographical monuments that has ever been
constructed in any country.
(From the Post.)
Another exhibition has been added to the sights of London,
which, if not equal in magnificence and splendour to the
Crystal Palace and its contents, may, at least, boast of
surpassing them in magnitude of design; for, whilst the for-
mer profess to exhibit only choice specimens of the world's
industry, this presents to view " the great globe itself." The
construction of a " colossal globe," for the purpose of assisting
geographical education, has, we understand, occupied the at-
tention of air. Wyld, the geographer to the Queen, for many
years • but the development of the plan is due to the Great
Exhibition, which stimulated him to make the effort to
realise the idea, otherwise the project might have remained
in embryo. It was at first intended that the great globe
should form part of the contents of the Exhibition build
but as the plan developed itself more completely, it was ing,
found
impossible to place a model of the intended magnitude
therein, and a site was sought for the erection
img expressly fitted to receive it. Theed •f a build-
once deso-
late area of Leicester.square was selectand thereon,
within a very short time, Mr. W ld '
Y has succeeded
in erecting a large and handsome structure for
of his immense model of the earth. The great undertaking
is now completed, and we were yesterday favoured with a
private view of the work before it is opened to public in-
spection. The entrance is under a Grecian portico into a
vestibule, whence the visitor is i
ridor round the exterior of th Introduced to a circular cor-
appropriately decorated, and
e g °be.
This corridor is very
different coentries ; but toui embellished with maps of
obtain a view of the earth, the
visitor must pass through
limited the crust of the globe. An en-
trance is effected through,. the antarctic sea, and when in-
side, the view is mited to the southernmostparts of
Africa and America,
magnified, in comparison with
the delineations of ordi • nary globes, to proportions almost
beyond recognition. A staircase conducts to a zone R here
the central parts of those vast continents are seen broadly
expanded, and exhibiting the diversities of mountains and
valleys in bold relief, and of deserts and verdant plains,
oceans, lakes, and rivers, represented as they might be sup-
posed to appear when seen from a great elevation. _ At the
next ascent the spectator is placed on the equinoctial line ; a
gallery above corresponds in position with the tropic of
Cancer, and a still higher zone places in sight the whole of
Europe, and most of the civilized countries of the globe. The
higher the ascent, the more interesting and more extended
the vices', and by the time the spectator has arrived at the
highest zone, he becomes accustomed to the concave form,
which at first is rather perplexing, as the exterior surface of
the globe is seen from the interior. This arrangement was
almost inevitable, and it has the advantage of affording a
comprehensive survey than would have been - more
a convex surface. The diameter of the globe is sixty feet,
the whole area occupying ten thousand feet. The model
is
executed in plaster, cast from moulded clay, and it is coloured
to resemble as closely as possible the aspect of
the
different
countries. The absence of the accustomed lines and names,
and divisions, puts the geographical knowledge of the visitors
to the test, but small circles of light indicate the positions • • of

night decided in favour ofiMitii g Plast
The Ceylon question, so long postponed, WAS
Ministers, by a
The nuns-
than was, we believe, anticipated by either aide.
bers were—majority
larger

For Mr. Baillie's motion ... ..• —.*‘,2s3,o_o2aosroirnt
has
Showing a
it ... . ••• •-• ..• * is most im-
portant, a majority of SO votes. This result
of political
portant, not merely as it affects the positionmnreonstmh!
wbi Il
la jnefs ttyb' s
point parties, oreven
immediate)asy iitnr eicsosrudes,
butthe oaf
sion,i on of Parliament
putioavteicrnalmlye,natstiot acdadrsrymeautetriatblley to
nyumanbdersp,erseveringly
and which
nation in the matter of the i the;
pi's- eeasrpnoodgawnaedt perhapsir s'ote offh here
and the coupe
disputedtry,' s independence,
by a party
niTcYorlltddeuirse4cerenbtoledtihtiaenbplurposes of
prostitutes the name of liberty.n,
no widely as we differ from the
In this view of the
hesitateetrr to ex-
upon the whole, is bestcalcu-
lated
• tion that the Douse of Commons
press our conviction 1
iLidetooehr,
n;:le,
uosGtti
seziyoNn„„fett ahhdneeud
eos
notue vn
oftengeneral
be
en colonial
nur duty
realoligcteolvsohin.
on this occasion is that
Post.
[ADVERTIsEMENT.3—HoIIoway's Pills a certain
to promote
—The wonderfully regenerating effects produced by
specific for Nervousness, Lowness of Spirits, and Disordered
invaluable Pills are truly astonishing. This 5 edi-
tShte°sme Stomachs.—The
nc g. ne rn
• acts in so peculiar a manner on the system that by follow-
the
cine
lag the directions affixed to each box as to the mode of using
them, nervous irritability is allayed, the tone of the stomach
strengthened, the digestion improved, freedom of circulation
given to the blood, and a robust state of health attained. Per-
sons of studious and sedentary habits being especially liable
to
at insure
Professor
to the class of disorders alluded to should take Holloway's
Pills
ro
London. odHestllant:.aoyf,sheEalstht:b—iisSboldeu. 244, Strand,
byt all Druggists,
and

POPULATION OF BRIouToN AND rORTSMOUTHd.-0
At the late census, the population of Brie6tSo,noooamoiiinrit;htotn
65.000 ; that of Portsmouth amountedt
21,000;
had increased in the last ten years Portsmouth, in
the same period, 15,000. Brighton collects about 30,00 W.
sum. Brighton pays about 2,000 i. per annum county rate,
per annum for poor.rates, and Por.tsmouth about the same
per annum borough rate. both be-
Portsmouth pays 3,000/.
peurposes. Brighton makes about
inthreen pearl for
afor
year,th the
.a
li. insi e.
the
i
pound ; Portsmouth will be now
the pound. The difference in
inßrighton and Portsmouth being
athbeouptefuotuirdaagyeeabre,tateeln
net rateable value of the former, which is
made up by
por-
tion of the increase
facility in Brighton may be attributed to the
travelling to that place.
Cheap weekly
1 more than dotuhbelenethat of the latter. A considerable
of railwayiilfwrom
trips, like those 'Ito). Brighton and Southampton, at ss. and
these places, must cause attractions, as
3s. 6d. to and
persons res.'
ding in these localties having friends in :London,
an be d b them as cheaply as though they 'Were re
visite few miles.
c • lain a few nules,—Portsmouth Guardian.
siding wlt