The Sun.
London, England, 1834-11-10 00:00:00

Vhe .-%italt

LONDON,
MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 10, 1834,

By the Lisbon Mail which arrived at Falmouth on
Saturday evening we have received letters and papers
from that city to the 4th instant. It appears from their
contents that the Chambers have passed a law for ever
excluding Don MIGUEL and his heirs from the throne
of Portugal. So unanimous were the members in their
hatred of the ex-tyrant, that not one voice was raked
against the project. Many jokes upon his cowardice
and pusillanimity were circulated in the Chamber, and
every Deputy seemed anxious to out-do the others in
severity towards him. The law in substance is as fol-
lows :—The ex-infante Don MIGUEL and his de-
scendants are for ever excluded from the succession to
the Portuguese • Crown, &c. &c. Should he or they
ever venture to enter the Portuguese territories, they
and all who may accompany them, shall be held guilty
of high treason and tried by a council of war. The
whole process shall be verbal, and not last more than
twenty-four hours. Convicted of the fact, he and they
are to be shot immediately afterwards. Any inhabitant
who may meet the ex-infante within the Portuguese
territory may kill him, and he will receive a reward of
ten contos or about 2,5001. sterling, for the delivery
of his body. The same reward will be paid to
whoever shall hand him over alive to the authorities.
Any public functionary who may neglect to apprehend
the Usurper, shall be pun;shed with death, or other
minor punishment, &c.

The question regarding the legality of the appo

ment of the Duke de PA LMELLA, as President of
the Council of Ministers, was brought on for discus-
sion on the 31st ultimo. The opposition mustered all
their forces, and their speeches against the Duke were
more than usually violent, and after a discussion which
lasted three days, the friends of constitutional
liberty and the progress of mankind gained the victory.
The Duke's appointment was confirmed by a majority
of 53 against 42.
Admiral NAPIER, say the papers, was to have left
Lisbon on the 4th instant. lie retires upon the half-
pay of a Portuguese Admiral and Commander-in-
Chief—about 6001. sterling. The Duke DE LEUCII-
TENBERG, the bridegroom of DONNA MARIA, is
daily expected ; apartments are being prepared for him

at the Royal Quinta a Belem. There is no news of

importance.

We have received the Brussels papers to the 9th,
and German papers to the 6th instant, extracts from
which we have given below. It will be seen that the
trade of Belgium with France is progressively aug-
menting. It is to be hoped for the stability of the
present Government of that country, that it will con-
tinue to use every endeavour to extend her commerce,
not only with France, but with other nations, as un-
fortunately for Belgium, what she gained in intellec-
tual, she has lost in material prosperity since the re-
volution of 1830.

TRIESTE, OCT. 28.—Letters from Patras of the 26th
September say, that the news had been received there from
Napoli that General Heideck, in compliance with his re-
quest to his Majesty the King of Bavaria, has been allowed
to retire from the Regency, and has been succeeded by
General Lesuire, hitherto Minister of War ; it is added
that Major Luders has taken the place of Minister of War,
and Major Brand that of Director-General of that Depart-
ment, in which great changes are expected.
MUNICH, Nov. I.—We have letters from Napoli to the
29th of September, according to which, tranquillity con-
tinues throughout Greece, and his Majesty the King had
returned in good health from his tour in Eastern Greece.
The King had been received every where, as he was last
year in the Peleponnesus, with testimonies of the most
cordial attachment and expressions of the most lively joy,
and his journey resembled a holiday and triumphant pro-
cession, in which the population of the country to the
distance of a days' journey, assembled on his way.—
Allgenzeine Zeitung, Nov. 3.
SWITZERLAND, OCT. 30.—The Swabian Mercury says,

" There are indications that a continually increasing num-
ber of citizens of Bernelong for a moderation, so that the
influence of their efforts will probably be soon felt in the
great council.—Frankftrt Paper, Nov. 6.
BRUSSELS, Nov. B.—The Government has received a
Cabinet letter from Altenburg of the 30th September, com-
municating to his Majesty the King of the Belgians the
death of the Duke of Altenburg, on the 29th. The Court
will go into half mourning for a fortnight.
The commercial intercourse between Belgium and France
was more extensive in 1833 than in 1832. From the ge-
neral view of the commerce of France during that year we
see that the value of Belgian produce or manufactures im-
ported into France was 53,553,000 francs, or nine millions
more than in 1832. The exportation from France did not
increase in the same proportion ; it was forty-one millions
in 1832, and only 43 millions in 1833 ; the importation
of coals that of 1832 by ninety millions of kilogrammes.
A letter from Liege, of the 7th November, says Colonel
Limburg Stiram, aide-de-camp to the Prince of Orange,
lately arrived at Liege without a passport. He said he was
going to Paris. In consequence, a guard was placed in his
room at the hotel where the diligences put up, and the fol-
lowing day returned to the frontier, accompanied by some
persons who are to certify that he had quitted the territory
of the kingdom.
An eel, of the enormous weight of fifty pounds was lately
caught in the Scheldt.—Brussels Tapers, Nov. 9.
EXCHANGES ON LONDON.
HAMBURG, Nov. 4.-13 kIX. ; two months, 13 7.
CHRISTIANIA. OCT. 25.-1 hree months. 5 38.
STOCKHOLM, OCT. al.—Two months, I•t 10,
Di stir, Nov. 1.-1 hri e months. 6 2.11 i..
ST. PETELSBURGII, OCT. 24 —Three months, 10 9-10.
—Hamburg Papers, Nov. 4.

By the Paris Papers of Saturday, which are all ar-
rived, it appears that little or no progress has been
made in the formation of a new Ministry. The KING
seems resolved to seek for men of the Cabinet solely
among the clique of the Doctrinaires, and there is
every probability that he will not succeed in forming
anything like a durable Cabinet, or one that will give
satisfaction to the people, out of the slender materials
which that party presents. M. MOLE resigned on Thurs-
day night the task of patching up the Ministry; he had
tried in vain to agglomerate and soften down the jealousies
of THIERS and GUIZOT. Each of the parties ap-
plied to, seems to entertain an antipathy to some other
proposed Member of the Cabinet, and the wonder is
that Louis PHILIPPE does not see that the Doc-
trinaires are too divided among each other, and to de-
ficient in ability, to render the country any service. It
was announced on Friday that Marshal SOULT
had arrived at the Thuileries, but there was
nothing known for certain on the subject, though
some affirmed that the Marshal had not arrived,
and that he absolutely refused to take office.
The Duke de BROGLIE has also been mentioned,
but he refuses the difficult task, and is more
ambitious of succeeding the Prince de TALLEYRA ND
as Ambassador to our Court. A few days will show
us what can be done with these incongruous and jolting
materials ; mean time we are convinced that LOUIS
PHILIPPE must have recourse to other and more
liberal men, if he wishes for a Cabinet which will last
above a month.

We have given in another column intelligence from
Spain, which speaks of a battle said to have been lost
by the QUEEN'S troops, but nothing authentic has as
yet been received upon the subject either from Madrid
or from the theatre of war.

Letters have been received this morning from St.
Sebastian, of the date of the 3d inst. That place is
only thirty miles from Onate, where the QUEEN'S
troops are said to have been defeated ; and the above
letter does not mention a word about the battles said
to have been gained by ZUMALACARREGUY. The
report savours strongly of stock-jobbing. MINA has
assumed the command of the army at Pampeluna.

In former numbers we have shown the beneficial
operation of a free-trade in corn to the home grower,
as it existed for forty years previous to 1815, and the
disastrous consequences to him of the restrained system
which has prevailed since that year. We have the
evidence of the Agricultural Committee of 1833, for
the fact appearing from evidence annexed to its report,
that the heavy clay lands, on which heretofore wheat
used to be grown in England, are going out of culti-
vation, and that the more easily worked soils in Eng-
land are not so well cultivated as formerly, and that
the United Kingdom has ceased to be able to raise a
quantity of corn equal to the consumption of its popu-
lation. These consequences necessarily follow from
British farmers having been deprived of their capital
by the operation of the Corn Laws, which have pre-
vailed since 1815, in the way we have pointed out.
But the progressive diminution of the growth of corn
in England since 1815, and its progressive increase
previous to that year, are proved by documents which
admit of no dispute. Accounts are annexed to the
Agricultural Report of 1821, showing the annual
amounts of the import and export of corn down to
that year, and in March 1831 an account was laid
upon the table of the House of Commons, showing
the annual imports of corn from the year 1820, after
which there were no exports down to the year 1830
inclusive, and we pray attention to the results thence

appearing :
In the three years ending with 1775, the total im- cpts•
ports were
The Exports were 243,130

Balance of import
In the five years ending with 1790, the total imports
were 3,520,653
The exports were

Balance of Import

2,292,059

It thus appears that notwithstanding the increase
of the population between 1775 and 1790, the quan-
tity of corn raised in Great Britain, as indicated by
the imports and exports of corn, in the five years ending
with 1790, «as only 99,050 quarters less than the
quantity raised in the three years ending with 1775,

consequently, that upon the average of the five years
ending with 1790, as compared with the three years
ending in 1775, the home growth had increased
very nearly two-fifths.
In the year 1794 a scarcity began, which continued
with little intermission until the year 1801-2. High
bounties were not only granted by Parliament upon
the importation of foreign corn, but agents were sent by
Government into foreign countries to purchase corn
there at the risk and expense of Government, by all
which the home growth of corn was deranged. But
the scarcity which was the cause of these acts of
derangement had no sooner passed away than the
home growth of corn again improved. This will be-
come manifest by contrasting the balance of import in
the five years ending with 1815, with the five years
ending with 1800:
The total Imports in the five years ending with QRS.
1800 were
The Exports

Balance of Imports
The total Imports in the five years ending with
1813, were
The total Exports were 957,281 qrs., to which add-
ing one-fifth for the year in which the Custom-
house was burned, the Exports were 1,148,737

7,259,327

Balance of Import 4,786,956

It thus appears that the home growth of corn in
1815, as compared with 1800 had increased no less
than 2,495,391 quarters, notwithstanding the increase
of the population.
Turn we now to the restrained period :
The total importation in the five years ending with QRS.
1820, were
The Exports were

Balance of Imports
The balance of Import in the fine years ending with
1815, as above stated was 4,783,956

Diminution .

.. 7,983,581

It thus appears that in the very first five years of a
restraining law, the home growth of corn, which had
continued increasing from 1800 to 1815, fell off no
less than 7,983,581 quarters upon the average of the
five years ending with 1820, as compared with the five
years ending with 1815.
The next five years comprised two of the most
abundant seasons ever known in this country, the two
last not excepted, namely, 1820 and 1822. The im-
portations in these five years diminished, but still they
were double of those in the five years ending with 1815.
The total Imports in the five years ending with QRS.
1830, were
The balance of Import in the five years, ending
with 1813, as already stated was

Diminution .

17,377,539

It thus appears that the home growth of corn upon
the five years ending with 1830, as compared with the
five years ending with 1815, had fallen off no less than
17,377,539 quarters.

Now the increase of the population in the fifteen
years ending with 1815, during which the home growth

of corn increased 2,495,391 quarters, appears from the
population returns to have been as great as in the five
years ending with 1830, during which it fell off no
less than 17,377,539 quarters.

Notwithstanding the plentifulness of the two last
harvests, it will probably appear, when the account of
the imports for the current five years comes to be made
up, that the diminution of home growth continues to
increase ; for the quantity of corn imported from abroad
in 1831, much exceeded the quantity imported in
1830, the former having amounted to 3,541,809 quar-
ters, and the latter to 2,356,412 quarters, and the in-
crease of importation was, probably, as great from
Ireland.

Let us now see how the results thus appearing bear
upon our present situation. The imports, upon the
average of the five years ending with 1815, had come
down to less than at the rate of a million of quarters
per annum ; but the average imports upon the average
of five years ending with 1830, having come up to the
rate of nearly 431 millions of quarters per annum, it

follows that, upon the average of the five years ending
with 1830, Great Britain had then ceased to grow at
the rate of about 33 quarters of corn per annum, which
she raised upon the average of the five years ending
with 1815. Hence a number of labourers equal to those
required to raise this diminished and diminishing
quantity of home growth, must have been, and must
continue, to be thrown out of employment, the remedy
for which is not the encouragement of emigration
(the vulgar panacea advocated for the last twenty
years), but an abrogation of the corn laws, which
have produced such unnatural results in a country,
giving a constant progressive increase of encourage-
ment to the growth of corn, to furnish an increasing
supply of food to au increasing manufacturing popu-
lation, with the restoration of the operation produced
by the laws which prevailed for forty years previous
to 1815.

The celebrated squire of the " valorous and re-
nowned " Knight of La Mancha declared himself
confident that he could support the dignity of an Earl
or a Duke, from his recollection of his noble deport-
ment when robed in the habiliments of the beadle of
a Company; and no doubt the ex-Minister of Louts
PHILIPPE, in his recent attack on Lord DURHAM,
could boast of reminiscences no less memorable and
important, which satisfied him that he was admirably
qualified for correcting the errors of British Statesmen,
and expounding the articles of national treaties. M.
THIERS has on more than one occasion proved how
little he understands of political economy, and his at-
tempt at explaining away our commercial alliance with
France, only shows that his consistency in and out
of office, is not a jot less remarkable than his
knowledge. But what are we to think of the patriot-
ism of the writer in the Morning Post, who cheers
him on, and offers to back him against all the political
economists in England ? Has it occurred to our Tory
contemporary, that if the system advocated by 'NIERS
be beneficial to France, in the same proportion would
the breaking up of it be advantageous to England—
assuming the reasoning of the anti-commercialists to
be correct? The English Tories cry out against free
trade with France, and the Post, among the number,
because rent and taxes being higher in this country
than in any other in Europe, our manufacturers are
not able to compete with foreigners, unless sheltered
by protective duties. Now, if this be correct, is not
M. TIIIERS a blockhead, or an enemy to his country,
who refuses to enrich it at our expense ? And if
there be no truth in it—if, indeed, the gains
would be all on one side—what are we to think of the
patriotism of a Journalist who joins issue with a
foreigner, in the advocacy of a system injurious to the
interests of his own countrymen ? We leave M.
TRIERS and the Morning Post to settle this point be-
tween them.

We have here assumed the Tory reasoning on this
subject to be correct. Our own opinion is very diffe-
rent. In all commercial systems, founded on the
principle of mutual reciprocity, both parties must be

benefited. The wine grower of the south of France,
who exchanges a part of his surplus vintage for the
hardwares of Sheffield, is equally benefited with the
manufacturer of this country. The free trade system
is founded on a principle the most simple that ever was
submitted to the human understanding. " The liberty
of exchanging those things which we not want, for
others which we stand in need of." Nothing can be
plainer than this—nothing more obviously rational.
Now nations, with regard to trade, stand in the same
relation to each other as towns or cities, only on a more
extended scale. The citizens of Glasgow and Dublin

make hats as well as the citizens of London ; the rents
and taxes in the former cities are much less than they
are in the metropolis ; yet, have we ever heard that the
hat trade of London required to be protected from the
rivalry of Glasgow or Dublin by a prohibitive duty ?
Again, the merchants of London pay higher rents,

more taxes, larger wages, and live much more expen-

sively than the same class of persons in Glasgow or

Dublin ; but where would be found among them

an individual so shallow-pated as to recommend
the establishment of au anti-commercial system
between these cities, as a nostrum for protect-

ing the trade of both ? Now the difference be-
tween England and France, in a commercial point
of view, is by no means greater than what exists be-
tween London and Glasgow, or Lyons and Paris ; and
the attempt to keep up the old restrictive system be-
tween these countries, just as wise and as statesman-
like as would be the recommendation of a plan for pre-
venting all commercial intercourse between the metro-
polis of a kingdom, and the marts of provincial indus-

:ry. But we are not discussing the principle of free
i-ade at present ; our business is with M. Ti t ERS, and

the article in the Journal des Debats.
The ex-Minister, in the article to which we hare re-
ferred, denies that there exists a commercial alliance
between England and France, and charges Lord D
int-
lIAM with exaggerating the state of the public mind in
-the South of France with respect to it. Is not this
sort of quibbling disgraceful in the mouth of
a statesman ? If there be no commercial alliance
between England and France, what is the meaning of

the new tariff which has been established by consent o
the Governments of both countries ? What was the
meaning of the mutual adjustments on the duties of
wine, cotton, and several other articles which form the
staple trade of these kingdoms—all which took place
since the accession of LOUIS PHILIPPE ? For what
purpose, we should like to be informed, was Dr. Bow-
RING in such close consultation with the very Cabinet
of which M. TIIIERS was a member, and why did that
Cabinet enter into arrangements with him, which have
already had a considerable effect on the commercial re-
lations of England and France, if there be no com-
mercial alliance between these countries ? Is M.
THIERS so much of a diplomatist that he can-
not comprehend an implied alliance existing without
the usual formalities ? We should hardly be sur-
prised if a person who sticks so closely to the letter in
these things, as M. THIERS appears to do, were to
enter into a formal alliance with the chandler and the
grocer living in the same street with him, determining,
in due form, the extent of reciprocal obligation existing
between them ; and whether an agreement to assist
each other in case of fire or the like, included likewise
the peaceable ingress and egress of domestics and
errand boys, and the liberty of buying and selling
whatever the one wished to purchase, and the other to
dispose of. But neither the merchants of England
nor of France are quite so formal in affairs so very
easily understood ; nor have the Governments of these
countries manifested any such petty jealousy or distrust
of the good faith of each other. And with
respect to the other assertion of Lord DURHAM
impugned by M. THlERS—namely, that the inhabi-
tants of the south of France are most anxious to enter
into a closer commercial alliance with the people of
this country on the principle of mutual reciprocity—
need we do more than refer to the proceedings of the
" Commercial Council," and the correspondence of
M. DUCIIATEL with the merchants of Havre, Bor-
deaux, and most of the other great marts of trade and
commerce in France ? We are really surprised that
M. THIERS ventured to contradict a statement so no-
toriously easy of being proved correct.
The great difficulty is in conceiving whence ori-
ginates the dread which M. THIERS, and a few of
his late colleagues entertain of the consequences of a
free trade, when the slightest reflection is sufficient to
satisfy them that France has flourished in the same
ratio in which she extended her commerce. Her
principal manufactures were, we believe, first com-
menced in the reign of Lours XIV., under the
auspices of the celebrated COLBERT ; at the
period of the first Revolution, the balance
of trade had been always against France ;
and in 1814 her trading vessels did not exceed
three or four shattered sloops, condemned for half
the year to rot in the dockyards. After the accession
of Louts XVIII., the government of France removed
many of the heaviest restrictions on foreign commerce—
permitted the importation of hardware, butter, salt beef,
bullocks' horns, and several other articles from England;
and what has been the consequence ? Was France
injured by her commercial policy ? So far from it, that
at present upwards of 8,000 vessels are engaged in the
import and export trade of that country.

A correspondence has appeared in some of the pub-
lic papers on the subject of a personal quarrel between Captain
Nlarryatt and the Author of " Cavendish." We do not insert
it, because it is of no interest except to the parties concerned.
In consequence of some remarks made by Lord
Londonderry at the Downshire Meeting respecting Mr. Lit-
tleton, that gentleman commissioned Sir 11. Vyvyan to demand
an explanation, to which his Lordship returned an answer
every way satisfactory. The correspondence has been pub-
lished in the Dublin Evening Mail, but is of no general
interest.
The General Steam Navigation Company's Mali
Packet, the London Merchant, from Rotterdam, arrived off
the Custom-house yesterday, November 9.
ST. GEORGE'S HOSPITAL.--On Friday an as-
sistant-physician and assistant-surgeon were elected. The
office of assistant-physician was contested by Dr. Hope and
Dr. Dunlap ; and the assistant-surgeonship by Messrs. Cutler,
Lane, and Palmer. For Dr. Hope, 158 ; Dr. Dunlap, 89.
Dr. Hope was declared duly elected. For Mr. Cutler, 179 ;
Mr. Lane, 99; Mr. Palmer, 23. Mr. Cutler was declared
duly elected.
TWOPENNY POST.—A letter put into the Post
after two o'clock in the day is as long in getting from London
to Fulham, Putney, and many other environs of London, as to
Bristol. Considering that many of these sulrxibs are not much
farther from the Central Office than many parts of London
are, we think the Post Oflice might, beneficially for the reve-
nue as well as the public, remedy this delay and inconvenience.
PRICE OF TIIE QUARTERN LOAF.—At Taunton
the price of the quartern (41b.) loaf of best wheaten bread is
now sixpence ; that of second best bread sd. We need not say
that in London we pay eightpence, or 25 per cent. ! How is
this ; or rather is this requisite ?
BLAKE.—This brave man was wont to say to his
sailors when he heard of revolutions at home, " It's not our
duty to attend to politics, but to keep foreigners from fooling
us ;" and yet, at the Restoration, his mortal remains were
dragged from their resting place and thrown into a pit !
Towards the end of the reign of Charles the Second, his
brother Humphrey, being a non-conformist, suffer( d so many
hardships, that he was at length compelled to sell the estate
which the Admiral had bequeathed to him, and emigrate with
his family to Carolina.—The Parterre.