The Sun.
London, England, 1851-08-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EV 1
/ _
„ Downs, Merllyn, Treleigh, Tregorden, Tywarnbayle, RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. cks Italian 37s 6d; P.Y.C. on the spot quoted steady at 378
. eses., eel
."
'PI. ' ''
' Wheal Crebor, Langford, Venton, Zion, Williams, East LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN. 9d to 388 3d.
Ctios tiro --11:*tttott Wheal Russell, Trothellan, South Tamar, Condurrow, It appears from the half-yearly statement of this com- Ou.s.-At auction to-day 2.3 hhds 61 pps 41r8 1 hhd,Cocoa li
Nut went at 29s 9d to 31s 3d, 200 hhds East India Rape out ,
and Treviskey. party that the amount of joint-stock capital upon which at 325, and 100 hhds Teal out at 31s.
In foreign mines, shares have changed hands in Alters dividend is payable is 22,467,281/., of which 19,276,1961.
THE ARMY AND NAVY. Cobre, Copiapo, St. John del Rey, United Mexican, and is credited to the 30th of June, 160,672/ consists of . .
(From the United Service Gazette of this day-) National Brazilian. calls in course of payment, and 2,558,1241. which may SHIP NEWS.
Tan BREVET.—It is given out, as the last decision be called up. The capital account to the 30th of June LoNDoN, AUG. 8.-Wind at noon N.E., fine.
on this feverish subject, that there will be no Brevet RACING FIXTURES FOR 1851. shows that 29,291,8141. had been expended, of which HULL, AUG. 7.-Wind N.E.-Arrd. Dalaton, David-
this year,
_ the promotion being postponed until the
AUGUST. 22,183,017/. had been expended on the main line and son, St. John's, New Brunswick; Lorenzo, Taganrog;
next. We are at a loss to know on what Wolverhampton ... 11 Canterbury. 2l branches, 2,097 5391. on carrying stook, 251,0831. Agnes, Clark, Pilleu; Fanny, Munnell, Riga; Templar,
i'
principle
25 on lands and buildings yielding rent, 4,105,5141. on Stephenson. St. Petersburgh; Helena Frederica, Stock-
-12 Barnet
this resolution has been founded, certainly not on one Huntingdon
Sandown (Isle of Wight) 12 Stourbridge
of imperative economy, because ....the Exchequer is
filled to repletion. The success of the Great Exbibi- Reading
tion, the large influx of foreigners,- and the general Tunbridge
ok
13 Derby
18 Taunton
increase of the circulation of money within the -United Sparkbro
Kingdom since Ist May, must have greatly benefited iroric
Plymouth
the revenue, as the next returns will shw.
20 Lynn , 2B on debentures, leaving a balance against the company LOWESTOFfE, Au% 7.-Wind E.N E.-Arrd. William
argument, therefore, on account of thepublic service o. The
Southport
, low y 2l during the half-year was 187,4391., and expended HARWICH, AUG. 7.-Wind N.E., fresh.-Arrd. Au-
is all on the side of a brevet, when we see to ow
SEPTEMBER. 251,1431., of which 124,6381. was on the main dacious, Jacobs, Medemblik.
an ebb the higher ranks have falle n
n, and the con-
-1 Liverpool Autumn Hunt 10 Scarborough
Eccles 4 on lines not completed in which Kong.
sequent difficulty experienced by the Commander-in-
Chief in filling the more important commands with Warwick
competent officers of the proper rank. Wilmslow - Wismar. 81d. Londonderry, St. John's, New Bruns-
GARRISON or LOr4DON.—The excessive quietude Rochester
of London has caused his Grace the Commander-in- Lincoln
Chief to remove another Regiment from this locality; Bungsy .-Rebecca, Sawyer, New
....
-the Royal Dragoons are now on the march from Radcliffe
of theper cent., and 95,700/. at 3 per cent; together, 9,634,5614 York.
During the half-year 1,857,5751. was paid off or trans- SHIELDS, AUG. 7.-Wind E.S.E.-Acrd. Weatherley,
y
Barnet to Brighton, and the fears for the safet Lichfield BB
Bedford Upton-o n-Se v e r n ...... 2234
fBerpred of which 1,2185751. was formerly borrowed at Walker, Miramichi; Niobe, Bravey, Quebec; Rosa,
metropolis no longer exist. Cheadle (Staff.)
Yarmoutherg cent. The amount borrowed or renewed was Stanford, Ahem.
DEPOTS role ENGLAND.-The following depots,
w. e ym Leicester
o mouth
t h 1,927,705/., of which 1,666,0801. was borrowed at LIVERPOOL, AUG. 4.-Wind E.S.E.-Arrd. Sir Ri-
-88 Egli n ton
ManchesterP a r
Ak
u.t.u.
m2n3..0.
.r 223450
to Newmarket F.O
stationed in Ireland, are first on the roster for em-4 per cent., 114,400/. at 3i per cent., and 147,2251. chard Jackson, Doran, Anticosti; Genova (s), Rankin,
.. 10
barkation to England, viz,, 66th, 34th, 73d, 6th
7 Monmouth
(Royal), 41st, 49th, 59th, 47th, 92d Highlanders
OCTOBER.
1 Wrexham
Richmond
68th Light infantry, 55th, 3d Buffs, 74th High- 1 Perth
lenders, 60th Rifles (2d battalion), and 2d or Queen's 13 which the company have an interest. It is stated that yaix, Ibrail. Off port-Margaret, Patagonia ; Cora,
Royals. Caledonian Hunt ...... 1 Newmarket S.O
Chesterfield 1 Holy well Hunt ••• 14 interest or dividend on the whole of the 29,291,8144 and oodstock, -. Sailed Pandora, Arica ; Flora,
.Lieutenant-Colonel Pottinger, Unattached, is act.. Chester
log Staff Officer of Pensioners of the North London Hampton Autumn ? Newmarket Houghton.. 27 of railway worked by the company is 863 f, and the oisco ; Richmond, Buenos Ayres; Aspatia, Demerara ;
District, during the absence on leave of Captain average cost of working stock is stated to be 2.430/. Stirling, Wiscaraet; Euclid, Quebec; Lovely Mary, New-
Warde. Yorkshire Union Hunt 8
NOVEMBER. , per mile. The mileage worked on the 30th of June, foundland; Turk, Malaga.
Epsom Autumn 4 I Worcester ... First week 1850, was 794 f. On the 31st of December, 1850, 37k DEAL, AUG. 7,-Wind E.N.E.; P.M., N.E. to E.N.E.
PAYMASTERS AND PURSERS.—We understand that • miles in addition thereto were worked, viz.-Bucking- -She Lord William Bentinck, Conney, New Zealand;
a Committee of Paymasters and Pursers has been Ides has been sold, by Mr. E. Cunington, of Melton hamshire, 14; Coventry and Nuneaton, 10; and East Isabella Wood, Griffith, Cape of Good Hope; Jersey
formed, with a view of refuting the grave charges Mowbray, to Thomas Campion, Esq., for 500 guineas, and West Incas, Dock line, 91 miles. On the 30th June, Lass, Cape Coast Castle; Fame,Yarmouth,United Settee;
brought against their body by the New Comptroller Mr. W. Allen's Eleanor, two years old, is scratched 1851, 31k miles were added to the mileage, viz.-Buck- Great Britain, Montreal; Elleishe and Liscard, Quebec.
of the Victualling department, and that a memorial for all her engagements this year, on Saturday the 2d of inghamshire, 2i ; Rugby and Stamford, 13k; and PLYMOUTH, Are. 7.-Wind E.-And. Fortuna,
Rugby and Leamington, 15 miles; making together Skein, Aleda, St. Petersburgb. Sailed Candahar, Ade-
to the First Lord of the Admiralty will be considered August.
and adopted.
Hernandez was declared not to start for the Great at the latter date 8631 miles worked by the company. lade, South Australia; her Majesty's ship Sphynx,
Yorkshire Stakes on Friday, the Ist inst., in the after- The return of working stock shows that it consisted Cape of Good Hope.
JUST DISTRIBUTION OF PATRONAGE.—We have
of 563 engines, 562 tenders, 1 state carriage, 555 first- FoWEY, AUG. 6.-Sailed Royal Adelaide, Quebec.
much pleasure in noticing the appointment, by Sir noon.
Airdrie Races are fixed for the 4 hand 5 hof St t . t ep em- class, mail, and composite carriages, 489 seconti.class, FALMOUTH, Ave. 7.-Wind E., fresh.-Arrd. Sophia
Francis Baring, of Mr. George Forrest, fourth son of
bete and promise to prove very attractive. 345 third-class, 24 travelling post-offices and tenders, Moffatt, Woodworth, Port Adelaide; Henrietta Celsius,
the late Captain Thomas Forrest, C. 8., 259 horse-boxes, 243 carriage-trucks, 208 guards' break Hugen, Amsterdam for Batavia, to stop a leak.
R.N., to So-
merset-house. The war services of the late Captain Voltigeur was struck out of all his engagements on
Friday, August the Ist, at three o'clock P.M. and parcel-vans, 41 parcel-carts and trucks, 8,052 wag- LERWICK, Ate. 4.-Wind N.N.W.-Arrd. Traveller,
were of the most disringuished nature, and earned for Mr. Steventon, of
judge of the Paisley and Stirling Races. Edinburgh, has been appointed Bons, 203. sheep-vans, 14 trucks, 1,115 crib-rails, Hutchinson, Greenland, with above 100 tons of oil; St.
him his Captain's rank, and also the C.B. ; and it is 5,150 sheets, anal 162 horses. The increase in the num- George, Nicolson, Greenland, with 2 fish and 800 seals;
indeed gratifying to find that the First Lord is not St. Rosalie was struck out of the Ebor Handicap on ber of engines during the half-year was 10, in the ten- Mayor, Atkinson, Archangel. '
always neglectful of the orphans of those officers who Saturday, July the 26th, at two o'clock P.M. dera 9, in the first-class, mails, and composite carriages PENZANCE, AUG. 6.-The Anne, of Poole, from New-
have fought and bled for old England's cause. THE EBoß.—This horse has joined Mr. T. Dawson's 61, in the second-rasa carriages 69, in the third-class 3, castle to Genoa, has come into the roads this morning
in the waggons 667, and in the sheep-vans 71. The cost with loss of sails, and having carried away her main-
The Admiralty have ordered that the Tribune, 30, stable at Middleham,
screw frigate, building at Sheerness, shall not be
of additions to the working stock was in the half-year mast, main-boom, &c.
launched this year, but that she shall be advanced to TURKEY, ending the 31st December, 1850, 36,2854, and for the GRAVESEND, AUGUST 8.-Wind N.E., moderate,
within three-quarters of completion, and be launched A gentleman travelling in Turkey has sent us an half-year ending the 30th June last, 100,6571, together, clear, fine.
probably during the financial year of 1852-53. account of what is called public education in that 136,9431.; of which 41,4811. was debited to revenue. On Arrived-The Princess Royal, from Hamburgh ;
the estimates sanctioned by the proprietors on the 22d City of Boulogne, from Boulogne; Princess Royal, from
STAFF or IRELAND.-Major General Thom.as E. country, neither unamusing nor uninstructive. The
having proceeded from Limerick
Napier, C. 8., of February, 1850, for the completion of the main line, Smyrna; Neptune, from Tonningen; City of London,
to subject and the hopes of education in Turkey form branches, &C., amounting to 1,570,0351, the sum of from Dunkirk; Marie Betty and the Dauntless, from
on leave of absence, Colonel William Co; in themselves a topic well worthy of being treated.
Englandl,l32,o3l/. had been expended, leaving 469,7281. unex- Riga; Vier Broders, from Archangel; Paragon, from
K.H., Acting Assistant Quartermaster-General, has But in the present instance what first strikes us is pended ; on the estimates sanctioned on the 16th of , Norway; Steal, from the Baltic.
;AHlhibernia,
assumed the command of the Limerick district. the broad caricature which the Turkish efforts or August, 1850, for waggons and sheds, amounting to Sailed-City of Rotterdam,
f for Donnkrkir;k
non-efforts present of the attempt to monopolize and 95,0001., 90,035/. had been expended, leaving 5,2281. and Cornelius Grinnell,
Calcutta;
New Yo ion, for
MINING INTELLIGENCE, stifle, under the plea of promoting and purifying, unexpended. Of the estimated assets, amounting to Boulogne; Inglewood, for Asia, for Leghorn;
550,1251. for surplus land and advances repayable by Caroline, for the Baltic•, Caroline, for Singapore; City
(From the Mining Journal of this day.) education in Europe.
MINES.—We have a satisfactory report of the busi- Turkish reformers are, of course, imitators ; eager other companies, 160,7841. had been realized, leaving of Paris, for Boulogne.
VESSELS SPOKEN' WITH.
ness to our mining market to make this week, although to adopt from the most advanced countries of Europe 389,340/. to be realized.
.. the nature of it differs materially from its character a their wisest institutions. A ministry of public in- The revenue account for the half-year ending the. 30th Dora, of
sSoalcombe, from Newport, on the 2d of August,
few months since, when buyers showed art unusual avi- struction was, naturally, *amongst the first creations of Juno shows that 1,236,358/. had been received, of in lit. N., long. W. , ...
o dity to invest in concerns of a purely speculative desi - which 732,862/. was for passenger traffic, and 453,717/. Leonidas, on .the 28th of June, in lats 28 N., long. 86 W.
....onetime, At present that spirit has wholly evaporated,g suggested. It was no sooner propounded, however, for merchandise, coal, and live stock. The ex. Henry Ware, from Apalachicola, for Liverpool, on the
and is its place the amount invested in dividend mines the head of the Turkish pendsture amounted to 4 , ~ including - ,
than the Scheik El Islam, - 63 397/ 91 894/. sth ult., in lat. 24 N., long. 82 W.
and 26 082/. for duty on Pilot, of Bideford, on the 31st ult., in lat. 38 N,, long.
is large, and almost without limit 'where the etude can be priesthood, interfered, and declared that education tor rates and
ffi ltaxe.s,
balance' of 772,961/ , out of 9W.
obtemed on suitable terms; whilst holders in new mines meant religion, and was included in the duties of passenaer•tr2s c,. leaving
Astrologer steamer (supposed), on the Ist of August,
display great anxiety to realise on the best terms the public worship. He had no objection to the Govern- which 210,9 61. is deducgtead for interest on loans', 44961.
in lat. 39 N., long. 10 W.
market wig uffecl. For the batter class of advanced ment and the people of the provinces contributing chief rents, 2,006/. expenses of Peterborough station;
6,669/. loss on North Union guarantee; 4,500/. loss Hero ship, from Bonny for Liverpool, July 6, in lat. 12
mines, or such as from time to time show goods yrup- conjointly to the founding of schools; but the ape
toms. of ultimate success atteeding the workings, there Pointment of masters and the handling of the funds o Preston and Wyre guarantee; 13,359/. on Shropshire N., lone. 25 W.
is a lair inquiry, and business doing, in most cases, on belonged by divine right to the Church. Of course, Union deficiency, and 10,9144 estimated dividend to the Walter Kelpie brig, from Raode Bonto for Liverpool,
Stour Valley proprietors e leaving a balance of 520,093/. July 12, in lat. 27 N., long. 35 W.
terms of reciprocal interest between buyer and seller. there was no contravening the claims of a body so
From this sum is deducted 18,992/. for renewal of rails, Hitnburgh brig Augustus and Julius, from Badagry for
In the Metal Markez-Copper is in fair demand at powerful. works, and stock, leaving 501,1014 To this sum is added Falmouth, July, 18, in let. 34 N., long 39 W.
former rates. Lead in steady request. English tin also A decree nevertheless went forth, that a school- 151,2911., the balance from the last account, making to- William Russell barque, from Maceio for Liverpool,
remains in the same satisfactory state. The Dutch sale July 21, in lat. 36 N., long. 37 W.
house should be erected in every town, and facilities gether a disposable balance of 652,392 Z, out of which it is
took place at Amsterdam on Tuesday, when 111,190 of
slabs of Bence Tin were disposed of in 24 lots •; prices in the .
education opened to the rising generation proposed to deduct 528,315/. for dividend, leaving 124,0774 Prima Donna brig, from Porto Rico for Dartmouth, July
29, in lat. 46 N. long. 26 W.
ruled from 47k to 48 flora (about 80/. 55.) per ton eve- . provinces. To dojustice to the Government-
t.o.be carried to next account. The dividend on the ounso-
company,at the rate of 5k percent. per
rage, free on board at Rotterdam. The price last year their part of the money was in general forth- dlt a ted stock of the lnca, from Canton 'for London, on the 4th of June, in lat.
'3O
annum, will
This reduction of price leads some to fancy the market the Greek population, wherever there were sufficient amount to 408,405/., and the dividends on S., long. 9E.
for 117,760 slabs was 50e florins-30 blebs to the ton. coming; and to do justice at the same time to
the other shares will amount to 119,910/. The auditors o rim h. us barque, from Newcastle for Genoa, on the 26th
Messrs. Peyton and Crosfield, state in their report that ult., in let. 42 N., long. 11 W.
will rule at a lower rate for some time in consequence •; members in easy circumstances, their contributions
the accounts have undergone a Tory searching examine- Cicero, of Sunderland, on the 26th ult.
but we entertain no such fears, looking at the small -came also readily enougb. But what was to be taught?
tion on the past of Mr. Coleman, who has maintained John Ritson ship, on the 4th of August, in lat. 51 N.,
quantity and the increased demand; and we have good No sect or creed would go beyond the book of its
reason to believe that the mines in the east will not be faith, which, in the Mohammedan case, is not written a continuous audit, entirely distinct from that carried long. 9W.
able to bring forward even the reduced quantity next on by the officers of the cempany. They state that the M`Leod, from Newcastle for Carthagena, on the lat of
year, so that a permanent reduction in price need not be in the vernacular tongue of the population. Neither revenue account is only charged with the loss on the August, in lat. 47 N.,long. BW.
dreaded by our home tinners. Quicksilver has failen could Armenian and Greek agree better than the Shropshire Union liability up to the 31st of December Galena barque, of and from Liverpool, on the 4th of
Jessie August, in lat. 50 N.. long 8 W.
3d. per lb. membersofany other educational society. The aches last, as the result of the past half-year cannot
The price of gold in bars (standard) is 3/. 17s. 9d. did not wish to see the rayah or unbelieving yet be ascertained ; they are, however, Bathe. Mitchell, from Glasgow for Rio Janeiro, July 3,
in lat. 39, long. 14.
per ez.; silver in bars (ditto), 64. Old. per oz.; and new population made wise at state expense, when the
fled that this liability is fully met by the
dollars, 4s. 1 lid. per ez. young Moslem themselves could not be so ; and thecora an on the Chester and oy-
dividendto the H 1 due p
.y .
head preference shares, which, in the accounts, is only Nautilus, of Scarborough, from Clardiff, steering W., in
'lat. 50, long. 16.
• We hope next week to be able to announce that the quarrels of the several sects of Christians gave them
credited up to the 30th of June, 1850. The determine, Livorno, steamer, from Liverpool for Gibraltar, August
proposed arrangements making at the Hall of Commerce a ready pretext whereon to fling the blame of failure
tion of the proprietors to close the capital account, and 1, off Lisbon. • .
for the Mining Exchange will be satisfactorily settled, or non-exertion. We need not, therefore, say how to provide out of revenue the additional works and stock Janet Kidd schooner, from the Clyde for California,
to as to insure the perfect approbation of the subscribers, unpromising of success is the scheme of public edu- required to meet the constantly enlarging business of the May 30, in lat. 8 N., long. 22.
in which case we calculate on a considerable addition to cation in Turkey, with the dominant Church unable company, has increased the charge on the works, stock, Cortgene ship, from Rotterdam .for Batavia, same day.
their numbers. There is ample room for their accommo- to make use of it, yet unwilling that others should and estate account to 68,558 Z, one-tenth part of which, it Sybil, from Hartlepool for Demerara, July 25, in let. 41,
dation, and, once placed on a proper footing, business long. 10.
profit, whilst those others cannot agree either about will be observed, has been debited to the revenue account
will progress in reguledlikeder, which is a desideratum Indus, from the Clyde for Port Philip, July 27, in let.
Ipng wished for. the nature of the boon, nor the means of compass- of the past half-year. By this arrangement the actual
in it. value of the stock of the company is becoming yearly 42, long. 10.
At Wheal Basset account meeting, on Tuesday, the Clarissa Emma, from Guadeloupe for Marseilles, July
accounts showed copper ore sold May 1 and June 5, Yet, state education is due to no race more than to enhanced at the cost of revenue.
20, in lat. 38 N., long. 34 W.
4,2751. ss. Bd. ; tin ore sold, May 17, June 7, and July the Turks. Personal ability, independent of birth or Wilheimine, from Rio Janeiro for Quebec, July 6, in lat.
5, 1,053/. 10s. 11d. ; sundry discounts for cash payment; fortune, has always been, amongst them, the great THE DERBY POLICE "DONE."
30 N., long. 41 W. .
8/. 10s. 11d. = 6,3374 7s. 6d. By labour cost for May claim to eminence-a claim shared by the rayah races, A rather amusing incident occurred at the Derby Pauline, off the Start Point, Jay 27.
and June months, 2,202/. 175. 11d. ; merchants' bills;, whose young were taken per force, and reared in the Station on Saturday last which. is worth recording.
.It
that the Watch Committee have given the police
1,0384 17s, 10d. ; lords' 241/. 18s. sd. ; leaves a balance serails. Nor was advancement confined to these •
appears Derby leave SEABORNE MAILS.
of absence, and one week's pay, to
of profit on two months' working, 2,673/. 13s. 4d. •; an d any provincial chief or individual endowed with force
vi:i theof Great hibition, ten of them bein allowed [N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post-ortic+
balance in Shand last account, 2,217/. 19s. 3cl.= 4,8914 by the night-and hi by the morning-dispatch.]
talents to command acquired that command, and in-
to proceed at a time. Some of the force hearing
12s. 7d in hand-less dividend now made, 2,560/., as d deed all Osmanlees enjoyed many of those benefits that the Midland Company was taking parties from , When made up in From what When
May and June costs at the south mine, 3711. 153 7cl PLACES. IGeneralPost-ottice port clisi• due.
leaves balance to next account, 1,959/. 17a. A dividend boasted to have been obtained only by very recent Leeds to London for ss. each, whilst from Derby they London, patched.
of los. per share was made, revolutions in Europe. paid 10s. 6d., thought it would be a good plan to send to -
on oue-
At East Birch Tor special general meeting,Mow- All All this, however, is disappearing, and has become Leeds for some tickets, to get into the train at Derby,
.___
_ea __
day (James Baker, Esq., in the chair), the resolutioras consequently they sent one of the force (Police-constable •rieerica .. epee[..Live Aug. 11
oli9sthe month Plymouth Aug. 3
.. .. Liverpool .. Aug. 12
impossible in Turkey. European institutions and
tacking certain alterations in clauses 117 and 119 of the America (by U.S. pkt.) 5/ Aug.l3 .. .. Southampt. Aug. 2 i
Alexandria* ........ N.191k & 30th of mo. Dover .. Aug. 18
armies, and administration have been adopted there- Jeffries) to Leeds to purchase the tickets and hand them
Sc-into the train to them at Derby. But, unfortunately,
company's deed of settlement, as agreed to on the 7th unavoidably adopted. And more than European Africa r
(west ((l U.S.urcoistas.
tpp:k.tt...)):Nll.l4l,uttl
the railway station at Derby was so crowded with trains
Braze
iluni .... .. :.•
sili9Dthalloyf
th.e•
m.o.n•th. .Dovergout h a m p
t. ..
Aug. Daily 16
July, were unanimously confirmed.
.. .. hl,9th of the month Southampt. Aug. 16
quirements are necessary for the Turk who adminis-
on Saturday that Mr. Mills, the manager of the goods
At the Tywaruhayle and Nancekuke meeting on tars them. The Turkish pacha, the Turkish bey, is
department, ordered that the Leeds train should not come Buenos Ayres Tuesday, the accounts showed-Tywarnhayle Mines cost despotic as the Sultan. He must do all, and in the
for May and June, 3,472/. 4s, 93; Nancekuke ditto, 51.7/. into the station-yard, but he turned on to the curve Canfornia(viaChateesSM 2d & 17th of month Southampt. Aug. 5
trosednt.requireme. nts of office he re uires to have ob- Cape of Good Hope N;l4th of month • Pl smooth.. Aug. 3
14s 2d =3,989/. 18s. 11d.-By sale of copper and fetidleading on to the Nottingham line, where it was to: be Constantinople* .. •• li 7th 17th 27th of mo Dover" .. Aug. 10
ores, 3,329/. 13s. 3d.; showing loss, 660/. ss. Bd.-balause ame in alige.eclia. I school that knowledgell
which a joined by the train from Derby. The policemen,- with Central America ••• I_4_?t_lo&n 17th of mon. Southampt. Aug. 5
European o la is. left to pick. up. Your paths re- their wives, and accompanied by the town crier,' were Channel Isles •• •• 1!-..,!... •, Wed., is Fri. Soutkampt. Tu. Tk.Ba
in hand 17th June, 1511. 17s. 11d.; leaving balsams°
quires to be a political economist and a financier : to anxiously waiting for the train on the platform, and Chili .. .. __ m ina of the month Southampt. Aug 5
.. N 7thl7th27thefmo Dover .. Aug. 10 4
against adventurers, 5081. 7s. 9d. France .. .. M &NiTwice daily .. .. Dover .. Twicedall ,
~. quote the Koran and cut off heads will not suffice. were in great dismay on seeing it turn on to the' Not-
Tuesday & Friday London .. Tues. Sat.
At West Wheal Tuwan meeting on Tuesday, the at
And except in cases of corruption or imperial vela- tingham line. The train, however, stopped, and the
counts showed-Balance from end of Feb., 5061. Is. 2d. ; liGrameecbeu*rgh• • •••• •
..
N,
tionship, still too frequent, the cleverest and best edu- man who went to Leeds to purchase the tickets got out Liolland .. .• .. M Wednes. & Satur. London .. Moit.This
M.rch costs, 3301. Is. 6d.; April, 800/. 10s. 11d.; May,
, Honduras .. .. • 1,1117 th of the month Southampt. Aug. 5
and proceeded. . to the platform and gave them to his
252/. 10e. 2d.; June, 1,1501. 6s. 4d.=2,5411 10s. Id.- catd men get appointed even to the highest offices.lreland .. .. M & NTvrice daily .. .. Holyhead .. Twituulaily
By copper ores sold, 1024 2a. 21; two calls, 2,0001.: Youths, to acquire much education, must be the anxiously-waiting companions. But how were' they india(via sonteamp.) at,2oth of the month Southampt. Aug. 23
to get to the train? After a short consultation they Indla(vial‘lar" ,via - ''
sons of the rich, or else be reared by the State in ales) N 7th& 24th efmonth Dover Au, 15
leaving balance against adventurers, 439/. 7s. 11d.
agreed to go down the line in a body and take
,their Mediterranean k
At East Gololpiain half-yearly meeting, on the Ist public colleges, or perhaps be sent to England and Southampton) • • hll2oth of the month Southampt. Aug. 23
places in the north train. They did so; but to the le enterranean (via I inst., the accounts showed-Labour cost from Jan. ee+ France to study. The uneducated Turks are thus
m'mortification of them all they were noticed by Mr Mills, mmeilles) „. .. N,7th& 24th ofmonth Dover .. Aug. 15
end June, 9421. I Is. 4d.; merchants' bills, 4011. Is. 9d.; disinherited. They can no longer aspire to dignity •
who sent a policeman to fetch them all arid; the; Mexico -'
.. .. 311 d of the month.. Southampt. Aug. 5
tribute and dues, 574 3s. 11d.----1,400/. 175.; less halanct ) and to three tails. The cobbler no longer becomes told that unless they took tickets from back,
Derby the Madeira .. .. .. 111,9 th of the month Southarapt. Aug. 16
in hand last account, 178/. 9s. 21-Copper ore sold, •zi r High office becomes by degrees the apps- were
sane as other parties, they would not be allowed to Malta* • • • •
.. .. 31117th 17th
x r lth,l7th,l9th,27th D Aug. 10
.. .. .. N__ sth 15th 25th ofmo Dover .. Aug. 12
Dover Feb. and May, 261/. 5.5. 11d.: leaving balance to next i & 30th of month 3
.. .. .ti Oth 15th 25th Ono Dover .. Aug. 12
naavgle ofe.
a narrow circle of families, and- will come to proceed with the train. The policemen on duty
eccount, 9601 1 Is. 11d., to discharge which, and prose,-
the line were also fined ss. each for allowing (them cute the mine further, a cail of 51. per share (1,28040 constitute that bureaucracy so much detested in on PNl•eaa 27thofino Southampt. Aug. 15
was made, Prussia and elsewhere. on the line without a written order. Mr. Thompson, Peru
..
.. .. .. M'l7th of the month Southampt. Aug. 5
At Poczanee Consols meetinn., on Thursda - If this exclusiveness, founded on new necessities superintendent of Derby police, was sent for, end a otoome
.. ~ .. N sth 15th 25th °fine Dover .. Aug. 11
west Indies .. .. M 17th of the month Sontluunpt. Aug. 20
pPallesitaarte.s.*
mittee of the following gentlemen were formed,y,a coumE
ti,
of education, is unjust to the lower orders of the " row" ensued, but the " force" were obliged to pay the Nest
Indies (except
powers delegated to them to fix en a qualified tin min- Turkish race, its effects upon the Christian and sub- Derby fare, and sink the ss. each which they had paid Havanna & Nassau) M 2cl of the month .. Southampt. Aug. 5
iee, captain to inspect the mine, and report the ad vi equally remarkable. for many for the Leeds tickets. We may state that the reason of * The mails to those countries thus marked (5) are conveyed b$
on a vt-, jest races are . re • These
sability of erecting an engine' of s •the fare being only ss. from Leeds to London, is in con- French packet via Marseilles.
suitable power, for centuries monopolised the intellects and intellectual —Mails to and from California, via the United States.
giving it an effectual trial, viz. :-elessrs• Haiket 1 sequence of the Midland Company competing with the Cauroarns.
and
due by
:dheldon, Mortimsr, Mitchell, Carn©, and Trippnd
, , offices which the Turks require. The Greek Fanariot Great Northern Company fur the north through trisffic. are now despatched
they will select either Captaina Floyd 13 PP ; a, ! was the diplomatist of the Turk, the Armenian was -Nottingham Journal.
, mon or T. •
Richards. his hanker and financier, the Greek islanders manned THE LONDON GAZETTE, Aug. 8
At South Plain Wood half-yearly meeting, on the the Turkish fleet, and the young Christian, ravished At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 7th day of
30th of July (Thomas CatDPlio, Esq., in the chair), the from his parents, swelled into the formidable though MARKET IN TELLIG.EN CE. August, 1851, present the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty
esc unts showed-Balanse in hand last account, 433/. Mussulman janissary. But the Turks have now de- (From the London New Price Current, Aug. 8.) in Council. This day the Right Hon. George Augustus
Bs. 11d.; calls receia d, 658/. ; other receipts, 31. leas.-- termined to suffice for thetnselves. They monopolise Secsee.-To-day there was areluctance .on the part of Constantine Henry Phippsli(ocnonsmonly called
_ the Earl of
sses t 0044 18e 11d.--Stx month,' costa cal part of illit7 all offices, all duties. The Pinar exl-is no more; its Refiners and Grocers to operate
.in West India, and the per- Mulgrave),
,end the Right . Laurence aurence.Sulivan, were_ by
Dillypaid, 9 -Pi ' • ' •' • ' .chases are small, amounting to only 357 hhds, &c., and at her islajesty 1 command sworn of her Majesty's Most Hon.
cranes' oi - . 133. td., 1.--a%cs bsiance in babel families are ruined or expatriated. There is no rather lower rates, making the quantity sold for the week Privy Council, and took their respective places at the Board
t sec pure 1521.
to the flex , , Se, 10.1. Due upon cash e, soldier that is not a Turk. In civil as in military 1 959 ehds and tierces at a decline of 6d per wt. accordingly.
110/, Merehates hilts upplid, 1234 7s, Id. A call ti 1 duties the Sultan depends • ' ' - Td '
rates were supported for Refined
on het Mussulman subjects, REFLNED.- o- ay
6 e per share was made, psyahle on the I Ith iestant. and offers the rayah now beyond toleration. Sugar, but home dealers made purchases with caution, and The Queen has been pleased, on the nomination of Lord
.e.....‘ west Vs io el Seton bi-monthly meeting, on the, •
The Turks nothing
••
are thus more and more isolating them- 46s to 49s is the value of low to fine Grocery lumps. In Foley, to appoint Richard Gater Roach, Esq., one of her Ma-
o, a July, the aeseunts showsd-Balance lin ocemint, Crushed finger there is yet little doing for shipping; and jesty's Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, vice De
selves as the
-..,lteet lee 11(i.; c7e 5,,1il (1 'es dues), 422/. 4,4 8 i.; sun- , . • _
.masters of a great empire •; and they lower rates are accepted. Blaquiere, retired.
ur:,,s rtetivel, 41- s'• Iva ; 'N.„l°37 esll, 400/.927/. 9s. 5(1. require education to enable them to exercise this MAtosieres.- This afternoon Mauritius Sugar met with WAR-OFFICE, Atte. 8.
es Tv coat, 1",,,- lij..). "'I d Llee, 741/. 14s. 5d.: leaves 1/ .
mastery. Hence military and engineering, and little attention, and rather lower rates were taken. At pub- 10th Regiment of Light Dragoons-Cornet Thomas Man-
beleace in iavour of aclyeuturers to neXc 0.C1.1,41nt, 1 pie .
&ail end naval schools are as numerous and as lic sale 970 bags sold. ord and mid yellow went at 33s 6d to ners Townley to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice M'Mahon,
_ e _s 0- .a - a• , 35s 6d. geed mid to coed 36s to 37s 6d. low to mid brown ..,a,....•;,... -s.,- 0

A decree nevertheless went forth, that a school-
house should be erected in every town, and facilities
of education opened to the rising generation
in the provinces. To do justice to the Government
their part of the money was in general forth-
coming; and to do justice at the same time to
the Greek population, wherever there were sufficient
members in easy circumstances, their contributions
'came also readily enougb. But what was to be taught?
No sect or creed would go beyond the book of its
faith, which, in the Mohammedan case, is not written
in the vernacular tongue of the population. Neither
could Armenian and Greek agree better than the
membersof any other educational society. The pachas
did not wish to see the rayah or unbelieving
population made wise at state expense, when the
young Moslem themselves could not be so ; and the
quarrels of the several sects of Christians gave them
a ready pretext whereon to fling the blame of failure
or non-exertion. We need not, therefore, say how
unpromising of success is the scheme of public edu-
cation in Turkey, with the dominant Church unable
to make use of it, yet unwilling that others should
profit, whilst those others cannot agree either about
the nature of the boon, nor the means of compass-
ing it.
Yet, state education is due to no race more than to
the Turks. Personal ability, independent of birth or
fortune, has always been, amongst them, the great
claim to eminence—a claim shared by the rayah races,
whose young were taken per force, and reared in the
serails. Nor was advancement confined to these ;
any provincial chief or individual endowed with
talents to command acquired that command, and in-
deed all Osmanlees enjoyed many of those benefits
boasted to have been obtained only by very recent
revolutions in Europe.
All this, however, is disappearing, and has become
impossible in Turkey. European institutions and
armies, and administration have been adopted there—
unavoidably adopted. And more than European ac-
quirements are necessary for the Turk who adminis-
ters them. The Turkish pacha, the Turkish bey, is
despotic as the Sultan. He must do all, and in the
present requirements of office he requires to have ob-
tained in a special school that knowledge which a
European official is left to pick up. Your pacha re-
quires to be a political economist and a financier : to
quote the Koran and cut off heads will not suffice.
And except in cases of corruption or imperial rela-
tionship, still too frequent, the cleverest and best edu-
cated men get appointed even to the highest offices.
Youths, to acquire much education, must be the
sons of the rich, or else be reared by the State in
public colleges, or perhaps be sent to England and
France to study. The uneducated Turks are thus
disinherited. They can no longer aspire to dignity
and to three tails. The cobbler no longer becomes
a vizier. High office becomes by degrees the appa-
nage of a narrow circle of families, and will come to
constitute that bureaucracy so much detested in
Prussia and elsewhere.
If this exclusiveness, founded on new necessities
of education, is unjust to the lower orders of the
Turkish race, its effects upon the Christian and sub-
ject races are equally remarkable. These for many
centuries monopolised the intellects and intellectual
offices which the Turks require. The Greek Fanariot
was the diplomatist of the Turk, the Armenian was
his banker and financier, the Greek islanders manned
the Turkish fleet, and the young Christian, ravished
from his parents, swelled into the formidable though
Mussulman janissary. But the Turks have now de-
termined to suffice for themselves. They monopolise
all offices, all duties. The Parisi. (edits no more ; its
families are ruined or expatriated. There is no
soldier that is not a Turk. In civil as in military
duties the Sultan depends on his Mussulman subjects,
and offers the rayah now nothing beyond toleration.
The Turks are thus more and more isolating them-
selves as the masters of a great empire ; and they
require education to enable them to exercise this
mas:ery. Hence military and engineering, and
medical and naval schools are as numerous and as
good at Constantinople as at Vienna or St. Peters-
burg. They are amongst the necessities of des-
potism. They fill the place of popular education,
of which, in truth, their existence marks the utter
absence.
Toe only chance for the Sultan's escaping from the
manifold difficulties of such a situation would be the
making such use of his absolute power as would set
him above the absurd claim of his own religion to
monopoly and supremacy. No doubt there is danger
also in policy of this kind. But after what Mah-
, !mud has done, and done successfully, much more
might be undertaken to render the Sultan the father
of all his people. If the Christians cannot be taught
to look_ to him, and to hope for something more than
toleration, they will look elsewhere, and the reign of
the Sultan, at least in Europe, will cease. It is on
the question of education, of legal procedure, and of
local employ, that the first step might be taken, not
indeed to an amalgamation, but to a more equal treat-
ment of the different races. If this cannot be done,
it will be one day—Adieu, Turkey.—Daily IVewB.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
(From the London New Price Current, Aug. 8.)
SUGAR.—To-day there was a reluctance on the part of
Refiners and Grocers to operate in West India, and the pur-
chases are small, amounting to only 337 hhds, &c., and at
rather lower rates, making the quantity sold for the week
1,959 !Aids and tierces, at a decline of 6d per cwt.
REFLNIZD. TO-day rates were supported for Refined
Sugar, but home dealers made purchases with caution, and
46s to 49s is the value of low to fine Grocery lumps. In
Crushed fangar there is yet little doing for shipping; and
lower rates are accepted.
51.AnuiTins.— This afternoon Mauritius Sugar met :with
little attention, and rather lower rates were taken. At pub-
lic sale 970 bags sold. ord and mid yellow went at 33s 6d to
35s 6d, grcd mid to good 36s to 37s 6d, low to mid brown
284 to :31s 6d, low to fine 31s 6d to 335, fair to fine grainy
yellow 38s 6d to 43s per cwt.
EAST INDIA. —This afternoon white Bengal was in fair
demand and realised full rates, but other kinds met with
little attention and easier prices were accepted. At
auction 1,731 bags were sold at 41s to 42s for fine white
Benares, 38s to 40s 6d for ord to good damp, and washed
37s 6d to 40$, fair and good soft yellow 33s to 365, low 31s
to 325, and fair brown 29s to 30s. Of Penang 3,531 hags all
found buyers, but at 6d to is reduction. mid to fine soft
yellow went at 33s to 375, low 30s to 32s 6d, and brown
from 21s 6d to 30s per cwt.
FOREIGN.—To-day the private operations in Foreign
Sugar were upon a limited scale for shipping and home trade
purposes, although lower rates were being acceded to. At
auction 200 hhds 104 barrels Porto Rico sold at 37s to 40s 6d
for good to fine yellow, mid to good mid 35s to 35s 6d,
80 hhds 82 barrels St. Croix, good and fine yellow 39s 6d
to 445, whilst 640 bags Pernambuco were withdrawn.
SPHLITS.—Several parcels of East India Rum have been
sold at is 3id to is 4d per gallon proof. Leeward Island is
in good demand at is 5d to Is 6d proof. In Deme-
rara large transactions have taken place, the rates paid are
2s to 2s 3d for 30 to 40 per cent over proof. The rates
obtained for fine and choice marks 34 to 38 per cent over
proof are 8s 2d to 4s 4d; good mid to good 32 to 31 over
2s 9d to 3s; plain and -Aid 30 to 33 over 2s 4d to
23 Sd per gallon. For Brandy prices are maintained
with difficulty. Cogeac best brands of the vintage
of 1850 is offered at 4s 4d to 4s 6d, 1849 ditto 4s 5d to 4s 7d,
1848 ditto 4s 10d to 55, older aorta 5s 4d to 7s; low to mid
2s 6d to 33 6d ; Bordeaux, 2s 2d to 2s 3d. British made
Spirit is 9s 5d to 9s 6d ; and Gin for export at 2s 6d. Ge-
neva is is 7d to Is Bd, and fine Is 9d to 2s per gallon.
INDIGO.—East India has an improving aspect, several
parcels beitig taken this week for the United Kingdom
and Continent at rates equal to the last quarterly sale,
and in some cases a small advance was obtained.
Since that time 1,500 chests have been sold, chiefly Kur-
pah and Madras—good and fine shipping sorts of
Bengal in small supply, wanted at late rates. Holders
of Spanish demand an advance of 2d to 3d, which checked
sales. At auction 260 srns Guatemala were nearly all taken'
in at 3s 2d to 4s 9d per lb.
COCHINEAL.—To-day at public sale 23 bgs Mexican Co-
c'aineal were sold at 3s to 3s Id for Silvers, and Black at 3s
3d to 3s 5d per lb.
TALLOW. To-day at auction 9 cks 15 hhds 358 bas 50
srns South American mostly sold at 37s to 37s 6d; 279 cks
Australian, mutton 375 to 37s 6d, beef 36s 6d to 395; 30

10th Regiment of Light Dragoons—Cornet Thomas Man-
ners Townley to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice M'Mahon,
who retires, Aug. 8.
19th Regiment of Foot— Captain Samuel John Maclurcan,
from the 46th Foot, to be Captain, vice Margitson, who ex-
change., Aug. 8.
21st Foot—Captain Henry Calvely Cotton, from the Royal
Canadian Rifle Regiment, to be Captain, vice Sinclair, who
exchanges, Aug. 8.
24th Foot—Major Charles Henry Ellice to be Lieutenant-
Colonel, by purchase, vice Paynter, who retires; Captain
Edmund Wodehouse to be Major, by purchase, vice Ellice;
Lieutenant William Hartshorn to ba Captain, by purchase,
vice Wodehouse; Ensign James Tennent Tovey to be Lieu-
tenant, by purchase, vice Hartshorn; Second Lieutenant
Andrew David Hays, from the Ceylon Rifle Regiment, to be
Ensign, vice Tovey, Aug. 8.
33rd Foot—Lieutenant Oliver Vaughan Jackson, from half-
pay 85th Foot, to be Lieutenant. vice Pechell, appointed
Paymaster 85th Foot; Ensign Charles Edward Mansfield to
be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Jackson, who retires; En-
sign William Senhouse Worthington, from the 59th Foot, to
be Ensign, vice Mansfield ; Ensign Thomas Davies, from the
11th Foot, vice Lennock, who retires, Aug. 8.
48th Foot—Captain John Margitson, from the 19th Foot,
to be Captain. vice Maclurcan, who exchanges, Aug, 8,
53d Foot—Ensign Frederick Richard Solly Flood to be
Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Johnston, who retires, Aug. 8.
55th Foot—Gentleman Cadet Fitz Henry Scovell, from the
Royal Military College, to be Ensign, without purchase, vice
Huskisson, appointed to the 83d Foot, Aug. 8.
57th Foot —Ensign George Udney Hague to be Lieute-
nant, by purchase, vice George Armstrong, who retires,
Aug..

1851. 15s.
At Tremar Mine hi-monthly meeting, the coats for
April, 471. 6s. id., and May, 55/. 165., were exstnine4t
and allowed, and, to defray the same, a call of ss. 10c1..
per share was made.
At Permit St. George meeting, on Monday, the Le.
counts showed a balance in favour of the adventurers of ,
1,7581. 133. 7d. No dividend, however, was declared, or,,
account of the extra outlay for fixing machinery, &c,
the At the Garreg two-monthly meting, on Thursday,
.E:ez,.unts showed a balance in hand of 5431. 103. sd.
At Bell and Lanarth meeting, on Monday, the cc-.
counts showed-balance tend December, 1850, 371.85. 3d.;
labou„est .
chitnte
bills,
months, ending June, 482/. 11e. 4d.; met,-
per shate :._ 1001. 7s. 10d.=--620/. 7s. 5d.-By call of 1/.
7,. sd. ~, aulY.: • leaves balance against the mine, 1121.
A, Laa't Qiiillitaecfl 11. per share was made.
accounts showeAl Leisure meeting, on the Ist inst., the
costs for Apni,so7palance last account. 523/. 93. 103.;
5081. 7s. 21_1,868.1.1163. Id.; May, 3291. ss. Id.; June,
1,0241.; copper tire 3' 23.-By fourth and fifth calls,
against the adventur Sold, 3631. 4s. 2d.: leaving balance
toter;,
i4EastalLedli4atse.iy,A
acnaidl ouf
further
At share was made, to be
one of 11. in October.
At Wheal Mary (Redrutb)meeting on Tuesday, the
accounts showed-ialsn
coats and merchantsl' bil last ce I
', 980/. 64,72"d7,_%11,186441.1. 6:2.32435.;
By copper ore sold, 375/ • c IL
**
's
''' 'hue 3-11 * *
en the 31st July, the
bAtanco against mi
° we"inegeount, 241950/.11. 55.,4d.;
n_,e 4181. 7... 4d. ' ' .ss" leaving
At Great Wheal .b?isur
g balance
accounts showed-Balance last a
costs and merchants' Biz., 23011.91.527.d9.er...-ies.m.
Call in April, 3841; sundries, 31. 113. Id.
against mine, 62/. I Is. 63.
At Wheal Daniel meeting on Monday, the accounts
showed-Balance last account, 239/. 2s. 3d.; Coats
and
merchants' bills for four months to end of June, 1,174/,
16s. 11d.=1,4131. 19a. 2d. By call, 1,0001; ore sold,
221. Os. Id.: leaving balance against mine, 3911. 19s. Id.
Transactions have:been dose in Alfred Consols, Bed-
ford, Comfort, Devon Great Consols, Mining Company
oflreland, Titicroft, West Providence, Mary Ann, Tre-
lawny, Tremayne, Wicklow, Clijah and Wentworth,
Devon and Courtenay, East Buller,
East soringdon,
Boringdon-park, Galt-y-Men, Garreg,
Heignoton

THE ROYAL PROGRESS TO SCOTLAND.ADITICP
FATED VISIT TO DONCASTER.--It has been publicly stated,
within the last few days, that it is the intention of her Ma-
jesty and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Prince of
Wales, the Princess Royal, and the rest of the royal chil-
dren, and a numerous suite, to visit, towards the end of
August, their Highland residence at Balmoral. In fulfilling
such an announcement, it is the gracious intention of her
Majesty to proceed, for the first time, by the Great Northern
Railway, and to remain, we believe, all night, at Doncaster,
en route for Scotland. The day fixed for this auspicious
event is Wednesday, the 27th inst.—Lincoln Gazette.
BLOWING OUT A CANDLE.—There is one small fact
in domestic economy which is not generally known, but
which is useful as saving time, trouble, and temper. If a
candle be blown out holding it above you, the wick will not
smoulder down, and -
, therefore, be easilyiy
.
JNRSET AUG.itghhetecdasaerin ;
but if blown upon downwards, the contra
may,
sand. ' --1313} 7.—Wind E.—Arrd. Wemerne, Herne-
ABERDEEN, Aux
Pavia w, Pillan. 6.—Wind S. to W.—Arrd. Olivia,

83d Foot—Brevet Major Henry Francis Ainslie to be
Major, without purchase, vice Townsend, deceased; Lieu-
tenant and Adjutant William Nott to be Captain, vice
Ainslie ; Ensign Richard Thomaa Sweeny to be Lieutenant,
vice Hall, appointed Adjutant, June 3; Ensign John Wil-
liam Huskisson, from the 55th Foot, to be Ensign, vice
Sweeny, Aug. 8; Lieutenant William Hall to be Adjutant,
vice Nott, promoted June 3.
Rifle Brigade--Captain Wilmot Henry Bradford to be Ma-
jor, by purchase, vice Eaten, who retires; Lieutenant Her-
cules Walker to be Captain, by purchase, vice Bradford ;
Second Lieutenant George Horsey Waddington to be First
Lieutenant, by purcha-e, vice Walker; Lieutenant John
Edward Large, from the 76th Foot, to be Paymaster, vice
Charles James Lindam, who has retired upon half-pay,
Aug. B._

Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment—Captain Robert Blight
Sinclair, from the 21st Foot, to be Captain, vice Cotton, who
exchanges, Aug 8.