The Sun.
London, England, 1851-01-31 00:00:00

6 13 4'
6 13

15
11 6 3

MTNP,Q.

Paid, I Nominal Prices. IBusiness don
to-day.
Anglo.Mexican(is. 5/. p.) 100 .. —..
Asturian .... ..... ..... 15 .. —..
Australian .... •••• •• • • 4 3!! —2%
Barossa Range ........ 113 0 3% —3%
Blaerntrvon Iron and Coal 50 • • —..
Bolanos Scrip ...... •• • • • • '-- • •
British Iron.. .... ...... 13 5 .. —• •
Brazilian Imp. (Is. 5/. p.) 24% .. . • •
Do. Cocaes and Cuiaba 30 2% 2
Do. St. John del Rey.. 15 14% 13% 13% 34 •U
Cobra Copper ..... ... 40 32% -35
Copiapo ..,........ •• • 14 5% —5% 5%
General..... ....... .. • • 20 13% —l4
Real Del Monte, Unreg. H, %
Do. Black Debentures . .. —., •
Do. Red Debentures .. . • —• •
Santiago de Cuba ...... 10 9 —7%
Tin Croft ........., .••I 7 10% —ll
United Mexican...... •.28 2 8%, 6% —4% 4%
MISCELLANEOUS.
Canada .............. 32% 42% —44
Gen. Steam Navigation . 14 26% ',8%
Penin. & Oriental Steam. 50 GSK, —65 x. all
Royal \ , ail Steam ...... 60 73 —69
rWe cannot be answerable for the errors of the Official Lists, and
will not be influenced by interested correspondents.]

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.

The sales of Cceton at Liverpool yesterday were esti-
mated at 2 500 bides. The market was very quiet, and
closed heavily at a decline fur 'lli kinds of id. per lb.—
In Railway Shares a large business was dine at higher
prices.

Taking the aggregate transactions in the foreign and
colonial produce markets, they have not bee❑ much
enlarged this week, but there are some articles that at-
tract more attention. A good deal has been done in
Spices. Tea, at a slight reduction, has been taken more
freely; and Tallow, although the stock is large, has
been very firm. Sugar is not brisk, but nevertheless
holders are rather sanguine of a rise; the cholera in
Jamaica, the diminished production in Cuba, and other
causes leading to the conclusion that there will not be
any excess in the quantity available for the influx of
foreign visitors this year. Coffee has ruled very dull.
In Rice not much has been done. Rum has become
brisker withi❑ the last two days. Saltpetre has been
cheaper, and Cotton barely maintains the previous rates.
At Frankfort, o❑ the 28th inst., Austrian Metalliques
were 723-, and Spanish Three per Cents 334 to 13-16.
he rate of exchange on London comes higher from
Paris, and consequently an improvement is expected here
this afternoon.

The English Funds have been rather flat again, and
there has been a somewhat augmented supply of money
stock. The foreign news is good, but the position of our
Cabinet is not well understood, and therefore speculators
continue timid. Consols are 96i- tor Transfer, and
96f for Account. The New rnree-and-a Quarter
per Cents. have been 88,1; to 99. Exchequer-bills have
been in request at 58s. and 61s. premium, another proof
of the abundance of money.
In the Foreign Market the half-monthly account is
being arranged. Mexican Bonds are 33i -1-; Peruvian
Four-and-a-Half per Cents. have touched 791 and 80;
and Spanish Five per Cents. 18 i; Brazilian Small
&ends are 89i; Russian Five per Cents. have been sup-
ported at 113; Dutch Fuur per Cents, are 91k to 1.
Messrs. John Railton and Son write from Man-
chester hat—

" With a view to the improvement of the very de-
pressed state of the unguaranteed railway capital, by
fixing public attention constantly upon it, we selected
twenty-three lines, embracing a capital of 96,000,0001,
and took one share from each—amounting together to
7331. 163. 3d., on the 26th dsy of April last—to form a
weekly state of the market that could be relied upon;
and on the 31st of December the result was a gain of
232/. 17 s. lid., or 314 per cent. for the 249 days the cal-
culation was in operation.

"'Taking the fluctuations that have taken place during
the last four weeks ending the. 29th instant, when the
total profit since the 26th of April amounted to 2681
is. Id., they augmented the original value of the twenty-
three from 733/. 16s. 3d. to 1,0011, 17s. 4d., or 36i per
cent, in 277 days. By taking the actual market prices
the dividends are embraced as they occur, by the antici-
pated rise and subsequent decline.
"Railways, undEr ficient management, are capable
of taking a very distinguished lead fur every purpose
that can keep capital either fixed or moving in this
country; but the present vicious mode of proxy voting
must he placed under such restraint as will be safe for
every interest:—by limiting the power of each individual
acting by proxy to a given number of votes, and not
exceeding a fixed amount of capital, would accomplish
it, if ample time was given for the purpose."
To-day the Railway Share Market is still very buoy-
ant, and the transactions have been to a good extent, and
at enhanced prices,

Conaola
Ditto Account

QUARTEI? TO THREA
.. ... ... 961 i
... ... ... 961 i

BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
From the Official List.)
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 97 VA,
•J per Cent. Consols Anns
New 314 per Cent. Atlas. .....
India Stock
Do. Bonds, 10001 6B 71 p
Ditto under 1.0001
Ainsols for Account . .......
E tciacquer Bills I Wel. 2d.
March. June.
59 61 58 61 p
59 61 58 61 p
59 61 58 61 p

',060i.
500!.
Small
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCE.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per 'Cent.
Ditto, Small .
Danish Bonds 1825, 3 per Cent.—
Ditto, 5 per Cent
BI ,aican ocm4s, 1846,5 per Gent., Coupons
Ditto Ex Jan. Coupisus
Peruvian Bonds, 4% per Cent 79 80
Ditto for the Account 80 80ye
Ditto Deferred
Portuguese Bonds, 5 poP Cent
Ditto 4 Der Cent. . 35
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent ll3
Ditto 41A per Cent..
Spanish Bonds, 5 per 18%34
parish Bonds, 3 per Cent,lB4o ... 38
Venezuela Bonds
Dividentls on the above payable in Londor.
Dutch 214 per Cent., 1 2 Guild
Ditto 4 oer Cant. Certificates

LLOYD'S SHIPPIN G.—( THIS DAY.)
LONDON, JAN. 31.—Wind at noon S.W., light breeze,
and dull hazy weather with rain.—The Countess of
Lonsdale steamer, which arriv,4d in the river yesterday
from Gluckstadt, left on the 28th. The ice in the Elbe
was making fast; the navigatio a was expected to be soon
impeded.
QUEENSTOWN, JAN. 29.—Wi rid S.W.—Arrd. Forfar-
shire, Callao.
SHIELDS, JAN. 30.—Wind V\T.S.W., moderate.—Sid.
Cassebelanus, Aden ; Margavet, Cadiz and North
America.

SUNDERLAND, JAN. 30.—Wiald S. W.—Arrd. John,
Moulmein.

CARDIFF, JAN. 30.—The stab 'board side of the Noel,
which got on shore in Four Acri ,s Bay (near Abershaw)
26th January, is completely knocked
ST. DAVID'S, JAN. 29.—Two t. ar barrels have washed
ashore at Trt ginnis, covered with: barnacles, and marked
" 1850, R A—l Y E"—" W N SEV I-0 H."

DEAL, JAN. 30.—Wind W. to W.S.W., fresh; 9 p.m.
strong and squally.—Arrd. umburo, Guancheco.
Arrd. from the River, Sarah, Rio Janiero.
LIVERPOOL, JAN. 30.—Wind W.S.W. to S.S.W.—
Arrd. Ellen, Highfield, Rio Gran de, sld. Nov. 9; New
England, New Orleans; Scotia, Mobile; Washington,
New York. Put back, Fairfield, Calcutta; Ohio, Vir-
ginia, leaky. Off port, Chaos, Us,k, and Fides. Part
of the bottom of a vessel of about 300 tons, painted
black, which appeared to have la Zen cut in two, was
passed on the 7th instant, in lat.- 42, long. 61, by the
Andrew Foster, arrived at New York. The Ellen
Highfield, arrived here, has encountered a succession of
heavy westeily gales for the last 1r irtnight. She passed
a great many pieces of wreck beVween Holyhead and
Tasker.

FALMOUTH, JAN. 30.—The Sum ours, from Pernam-
buco, and the Concordia, t,urinaui to Amsterdam, put
in yesterday leaky, and will have -to discharge.
CAsTLETowN, ISLE cF MAN.,J AN.26.—lhe Thomas
Tattersall, of Drogheda, Cardiff t u Liverpool, was aban
doned yesterday three miles off the Skerries, having been
in contact with a ship, name un.known; crew landed
here; also two casks of brandy, rnitrked " Charles Hen-
nessy, Cognac, 9, Jll JRILL C. O. P.," and " Re-
nault and Co., Cognac, JJ. TM. R.. and Co., 234."
NEwroaT, JAN. 29.—Wind W.---Arrd. Mountaineer.
Quebec.
PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 30.—Last night and all to-day it
has blown a heavy gale at W. to S.W., with severe
squalls.
TORBAY, JAN. SO.—The Ferrett: schooner, of Wis-
beach, Newcastle to Bordeaux, witt; in contact yester-
day with a brig, name unknown; lost mast, bowsprit,
&c., became very leaky and was abandoned, the Start
bearing N.N.W., about 20 miles; crew landed here.
MUMBLES, JAN. 30.—The Three Brothers has been
hauled off shore.

CLYDE.—Arrd. Carona°, S. Ch link, Pernambuco;
Actress, St. John's, New Brunswick. Ski. Penelope,
Demerara; Roger Stewart, Ilavann
OFF RAMSGATE.—Agues, Honduras for London.
FLEETWOOD, JAN. 30.—Wind S. W.—Arrd. Isabella,
New Orleans.

CABINET COUNCIL.—(THIS DAY.)—The Ministers
again assembled i❑ Council this afternoon, at two
o'clock, at the Foreign-office. 'There were present
the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord John Russell, the
Earl of Carlisle, the Earl of Minto, the Marquis of
Clanricarde, Earl Grey, Sir George Grey, Viscount
Palmerston, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir
John CAin Hobhme, the Right Hon. H. Labouchere,
Sir F. Baring, and the Right Hon. Fox Maul. The
Ministers were in deliberation when we went to press.

No WAY OF " ASTONISHING" " DANDIES."—When
the Professor of Architecture at the Royal Academy was
present in Scotland on the occasion of laying the foundation
of the National Monument, he was particularly struck with
the indifference of the assembled dandies to the three great
stones employed, each weighing two tons or more : it created
no interest with them ; they had no minds capable of appre-
ciating the large masses used by the Greeks in their glorious
erections.—Builder.

AN IRON-MASTED VESSEL.—The Olivier Van
Noord, a Dutch East Indiaman, Captain Kicoyt, lying in the
Salt-house Dock, Liverpool, has her lower masts constructed
of iron-plates formed into cylinders, and firmly rivetted to-
gether. Inside, at various intervals, are cross-bars to main-
tain the shape of the cylinders, and to
,prevent bulging or
other injury.

A T 4 IC! Irr "C, •-r• -777.

T 4, • 41-• '
, A, A • )

CORN EXCHANGE.—(FRIDAY.)
continued influx of foreign. Wheat and Flour ofe;
rates i,criously against cur nuarke. During the cresen,
week the arrivals of English Wheat coastwise have been
under 2,000 quarters. By land carriage the receTto
fre,h up to-day were small and mostly out of condition.
As the attendance of both town and country buyers Was
limited the demand fur all kinds of Wheat of home pro-
duce ruled heavy, at almost nominal currencies. N"dY.
30,000 quarters of \Voeat havtrg reached us, chittlY
Rom the Levant, the show of samples was considerat!ii
on the incr,use. Fine (try quali ira chang d hands sloydii,
but ail ot'it-r wi re dud in the extreme and the
lower. We hail a very tow quantity of Barley oti show:
Malting parcels sold at late figur,s; but the ',Page ,tr
grinding and distilling sorts had a downward tenifei.cP
The sale for Malt was heavy in the extreme, at ti-$ 'IY
stationary prices. The piupply amounted to 7.460
qiiarter. Fun s the evriy,il of Odes 17 good.
litiat grain 123,t, a d,..11 sale, and earii,re,l 1-arc. *,re
6d lower. 13-• ans, Peas. lonii to Corn, atAl El fur weer
(lull, hut not cheaper.

of a,
`ue e3ttipany numbering some 11,970, upon which the
201,
pany gave him credit for all the calls amouuting to
ea°ll. Mr. Cameron being dissatisfied with the inci-
ltement of the concern applied to the secretary in Au-
akst last to be allowed to inspect the books and account F,
ieh as refused on the ground that he could not be
`'ea, In the light of a bona fide shareholder, and ho
~r4aa therefore been compelled to have recourse to the
e "eat Proceedings to enforce his right.
4111. r. Justice Faux was not quite certain that a man-
tas was the proper remeJy.
air• ji
aim °cows knew of no other, nor was he aware
..there was any precedent for this application.
the
e.,41r. Justice Eau: was informed by the clerk of
a;"1/11 that there was a shareholder in the Waterford,
i;eixford, Wicklow, and Dublin Railway Company, who
con, °lltained a mandamus to inspect the books of that
telaaYi and upon the strength of that decision a rule
Pole
cause. might go in this case.
(.. Mai accordingly.
ina4l hard Martin, Esq., 8.A., was sworn in this morn-
.' being called to the degree of Barrister-at-Law.
C Mtvr
MUN
PLEAS.—(THIS DAY.)
(Sittings in Banco.)
This BAGSTER v. RICE.
a rale erlaing a case in which Mr. Bramwell had abtained
Street Upon George Flintoff, bookseller, of Fleet-
eau,' Itod Joseph Chuck, bailiff and broker, to show
then wa3' an attachment should not be issued against
Sheri for illegally rescuing goods from the officers of the
of thi!°f Middlesex, and assaulting them in the execution
the et-eir dat37. From the affidavits it appeared that, on
tan, 7.." September last, the Sheriff's bailiff, Mr. Slo-St.
a 4,7,48 in possession of the premises of Mr. Rice, ofd
while 7,„'"a'a-lane, under a warrant from the Sheriff, an
for ire Possession Chuck the broker put in a distress
the eat, to the amount of 841., condemned the goods en
listelletnises, and sold them to Mr. Flintoff, who, as-
arerm bY the broker's men, proceeded to carry them,
abet' ring the resistance which was offered b the
A.,. 8 followers. The ease now came on for argument.
eraidSe.rgeant BILES, for Mr. Flintoff, read a numbert
the ayttai which satisfied the Court that he was no
Pereen
applies 'l2O was sworn to in the affidavits of the
_cant.
Mr. E.
then, "AXEs, for Mr. Chuck, before entering. into
the erns
afRA °I? the case, took a preliminary objection thatd
that--"alit of Mr. Sloman, the Sheriff's bailiff, state
preoi the
9th of September he was in possession of the
24ta of: 'a tlnestion, under a warrant issued on the
and god tigust, by the Sheriff, and signed Messrs. Carden
f
kicidlgkin,son
liiicon that office
the Sheriff of Loudon and Sheriff o
Period sat Now it was a well-known fact that at thatd
the as filled by Messrs. Lawrence an
2 and that it was not until the 28th of September,
meal day for changing the sheriffs in London, that
tiles
.office. Carden and Hodgkinson were elected to the
The L
ieetion °lip CHIEF JUSTICE said this was a fatal ob-
voni',.. It was not at all likely that these gentlemen
fore I.lave been so premature as to sign a warrant bed
fseedt," tune of their taking office. Mr. Sloman
Pkan° show that he had been anything but a tres-
(nada.- °lithe premises. The rule must, therefore, be
-rged.--Rule discharged.
kr 7, DoYLE re LAWRENCE AND OTHERS.
Raz ...4:RoBIPSoN in this case applied for leave to enter
na
vesill'"011 to deprive the plaintiff of costs. Thea-,.tio
Ch,.o,ptiight by the plaintiff, Mr. Doyle, of the Weekly
darb:te, against the Sheriff of Middlesex, to recover
for telt for a false imprisonment. A verdict was given
ken,' Plaintiff, with 40s. damages, and it was now
lion tto deprive. The affidavit on which this applica-
aahiwas grounded stated that the defendants resided
f
eetip,..a 20 miles from the plaintiff, and that the cause o
sset"h arose within the jurisdiction of the County Court,.
hale 1;14 it Was, therefore, competent to the plaintiff to
, rought hie action in the County Court.
Ltie granted.

•INs OLVENCy.—(THIS DAY.)
.1. Tap_
MATTER OF ARTHUR HENRY LEMAN.
the 0" case, which has been from time to time before
fortis uurt, and reported in this journal, was this morning
L e
ard.
lot,pi: Insolvent had got into possession of a house be-
-4(1'4 to a Mr. Oppenheim, in Great Prescott-street,
13r0Pertinled it as part of the Leman estate,
which
Nit to Yhe was interested. Mr. Oppenheim had been
of 1,1, considerable law expenses and was still kept out
'Moe, Pr°Perty, which he had 'held for thirty years;
ita trust property, he was compelled to recover
141%,:se'sion. The insolvent had been some time in
Ile 11 3"d admitted that since he had filed his petition
katllt„r- made an agreement to let the house in question,
ould not give up his birthright.
Vtv;e„arden opposed, and Mr. Saunders supported the
ta."w
'-(oriouit again adjourned the case.

LITERATURE.
MISCELLANEOUS WORKS of Me RIGHT
HON. SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH. 1 Vol.

Longrnans and Company.
Among the splendid intellects whose contempo
raneous appearance in Edinburgh about the begin-
ning of the present century imparted a peculiar lustre
to the capital of Scotland, not the least remarkable
was that of James Mackintosh. If an attestation of
the truth of this sentence were required we might
find it lying visibly at our elbow in the form of this
noble volume—a book comprising the majority of his
brilliant and diversified compositions. Such testimo-
nies are not, however, by any means demanded, the
fame of the departed scholar and statesman having
long since grown to a magnitude more than merely
European. 'Wherever the intelligence of the Anglo-
Saxon mind bas been rendered apparent, wherever
the glory of our English literature has been recog-
nized, wherever the influence of our modern state-
craft has been in any marked manner experienced,
the abilities of Sir James Mackintosh have come
at last to be in some measure at least
appreciated. These are, in fact, the inevitable
fruits of every such sound and ripened
reputation. They are as inevitable as the beams
flowing from a luminous body. And it is well for
the interests of civilization and for the general cause
of human advancement that such should be the case—
the capacities of a single genius being, through the
medium of this sympathetic intercommunication,
diffused among the minds of the multitude. Mr.
Emerson has said that no thought when once uttered
can be monopolized, that an articulated truth cannot
be regarded as individual property, but that it be-
longs to every mind that can embrace or appreciate
it. In other words, the recognition of a thought
makes that thought the possession of its appreciator
quite as much and as actually as it had previously
been the possession of its originator. That is not
the only poet who writes poetry—say as •Shelley or
Drummond—but the reader of Shelley or Drummond,
forming a right estimate of the poetic effusion, be-
comes, while so doing, himself a poet in like
manner. He again is not the only philosophic
thinker who can pen volumes such as those
of Kant or Bentham, but the man who can
peruse the writings of Kant or Bentham, and do so
understandingly, is also as true a metaphysician. It
is from our entire coincidence in these views, and
from our sense of their almost inestimable value, that
we exult in the renown achieved for himself among
the nations of the earth by a strong and original
genius like that of Mackintosh. We feel that in the
very circumstance of his celebrity we may perceive
a calculable increase in the amount of general intel-
ligence. So that, according to the multitude and
fame of such individuals in an age, we may in exact
proportion and in a corresponding ratio estimate the
progress of popular enlightenment. From these con-
siderations, we are impelled to become in a way as
earnest hero-worshippers as Mr. Carlyle himself, in
reference especially to the lights of science and of
literature. Gladly, therefore, do we offer our meed
of homage to the memory of a man like Sir
James Mackintosh one, and not the least
conspicuous, among these veritable benefac-
tors of our species and eagerly and
cordially welcome a volume like the present con-
taining the mass of his miscellaneous productions.
With the names of Francis Horner, the Babbage of
political economists, of Francis Jeffrey, the Leibnitz
of reviewers, of Henry Brougham the Crichton both
of politics and of literature, has become associated,
we believe, inextricably that of the versatile author
of the work lying before us for consideration. The
mere fact of his being the compeer of such individuals
as those we have just mentioned, is a sufficient proof
that the mind of Sir James Mackintosh was of no
ordinary character; and his inherent capacities were
perfected by the number and splendour of his ac-
quirements. Let the contents of the volume on our
desk be the illustration of this, an illustration at once
attractive and elevating. Throughout the various
themes selected by Sir James Mackintosh may be
observed the vigour of his understanding,
the depth of his meditations, the beauty
of his style, and the abounding wealth
of his knowledge. This, moreover, upon all occa-
sions, and under all circumstances—no matter whether
bis luminous pencil is touching upon politics, upon
philosophy, or upon one or other of the contrasting
departments of literature. Everywhere the writer is
"at home" with his subject—everywhere his hand
~ratters abroad with a lavish prodigality the riches of
his rare and curious information. Throughout the
whole of the remarkable treatise with which the book
of his collected writings opens—the dissertation on
the progress of ethical philosophy, chiefly during
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, published
originally in the seventh edition of the Encyclopedia
Britannica—throughout the whole of this majestic
composition are apparent the scope of his capacities
and the ornate beauties of his rhetoric. Many
careless blemishes naturally crept into a production
of such extent, written hurriedly for the purpose
of being hastily printed in the great compilation
alluded to, but these have been mostly obliterated
by the judicious hand of the editor, his respect for the
writings of his departed relative fortunately not pre-
cluding him from such successful efforts at their
emendation. In this already celebrated treatise Sir
James Mackintosh has passed severally in review the
genius of Grotius and of Hobbes, the in-
fluence exercised on that portion of ethical philo-
sophy relating to the moral faculties and the
social affections by such controversialsts as
Cumberland, as Cudworth, Clarke, Shaftesbury,
Fenelon, Bossuet, Leibnitz, Edwards, Buffier, and
Mallebranche, alluding, especially in the end, to the
foundation of a more just theory of ethics than had
before existed, in spite or through the instrumen-
tality of writers like Butler, Hutcheson, Berkeley,
Hume, Smith, Price, Hartley, Tucker, Paley,
Stewart, Brown, and Bentham. The general re-
marks with which the dissertation terminates are
charactefised by an incomparable excellence.
Foremost among the essays of Mackintosh is the
celebrated 'one in which he has contrasted, somewhat
after the fashion of P iutarcb, the " Philosophical
Genius of Lord Bacon and Mr. Locke." This is
followed by his large- hearted " Discourse on the Law
of Nature and Nations." Then we have the " one
entire and perfect chrysolite" of his "Life of Sir
Thomas More," the greatest, the gentlest, and the
most spotless character whose name is recorded in
our national annals—a biography worthy of being
enumerated in the same category with the life of
Savage by Johnson, of Goldsmith by Irving, and of.
Nelson by Southey—a jewel—among memoirs as the
life of Benvenuto Cellini is among autobiographies.
After the ingenious " Refutation of the Claim on be-
half of King Charles I. to the authorship of EIKSIN
BAIAIKH, and the elaborate "Memoir of the
Affairs of Holland," comes the famous "Review of
the Causes of the Revolution of 1688," in
which Sir James Mackintosh revealed his
extraordinary powers as an historical commentator. I
His account of the " Partition of Poland," perhaps '
the most admirable narrative of that catastrophe ever
penned, his masterly " Statement of the Case of Donna
Maria da Gloria," and his inimitable " Sketch of the
Administration and Fall of Struensee," impart an ad-
ditional interest to the volume, whose later attractions
are enhanced by the reprint of the well-known reviews
on Samuel Rogers' " Poems," on Madame de Staiirs,.
" L'Allernagne;' and on the writings of " Machiavel."
The " Vindicw Gallicee," in which famous work
Mackintosh dired, and not presumptuously, to cope
with the virile and majestic abilities of Edmund
Burke, stands, of course, prominently forward among
the rest of these miscellaneous compositions. The
close of the volume is preluded by the strains of that
classic eloquence which for a quarter of a century
resounded at intervals within the walls of the
Imperial Parliament—conspicuous among them
being those on the civil government of Canada, on
the affairs of Portugal, on the criminal law, and on
the system of national representation. Altogether it
will be seen that the work under review contains the
very pith and marrow of the genius of Sir James
Mackintosh, yielding to the book-lover an inestimable
treasure, and affording another golden volume to the
long catalogue of those already issued from the great
publishing establishment of the Messrs. Longman.

AMERICAN NEWS.
ARRIVAL I SI
-."4:VAL OF THE CITY OF GLASGOW.
At law, LIVERPOOL, TUURSDAY.
early hour this morning the screw-steamer
of Glasgow Captain Matthews, entered the
fohr!ey, from Philadelpia, after a run of thirteen days
41171Leeti hours. She brought twenty-two passengers
1,,a fair cargo of goods.
L,_'ere is not any intelligence of the least interest
patella arrival, the Niagara's advices having antici-
bQ all that is in the Philadelphia papers now to
/ append all that is worthy of notice.
pi: the Senate a lengthy and fierce debate had taken
to je, relative to the removal of free coloured people
ti —ifica• Mr. Henry Clay presented several peti-
ih.tta favour of the subject, as well as one from
ki ode Island, praying that more effectual means
}I-gut be taken for suppressing the slave trade.
oth
the petitions were ultimately permitted to lie on
pi table.
a ted Several members of Congress had also
Slanel3lll.
petitions preying for repeal of the Fugitive
lawln the louse of Representatives the new postal
were being discussed.
The planters of South Alabama were about to bold
4„,,ceevention to devise means for suppressing an ex-
pected insurrection of the negroes.
ReA: lottery of pictures fox the benefit of the passen-
y ,by the Helena Sloman, which took place at New
r?K) produced 657 dollars.
first walls of six four- story brick houses in twenty..
garat-street New York, fell on the 15th instant with
ant,remendous crash. Several persons were d
a large number severely wounded. Workmen
de%, re bliss, clearing away the rubbish, and several
aca bodies had been recovered and taken to the
ettion.house.
thilews had arrived at New Orleans to the effect
eiexi.the Government of Yucatan bad separated from
c.
in Mr. John C. Campbell had sailed from New York the
empire State, as chief engineer of the Panama
Among the post-offices recently established is that
~,,
New Buda, Decatur county, lowa,
of w
General Ladislaus Ujhazy, late Governor of Comore,
has been appointed postmaster. lessrs. James Goold and Co., of Albany, have
finishedB,_. a pony-sleigh, of very beautiful workman-
el!, for the World's Exhibition.
aThere is nothing new about Jenny Lind at Haven-
-11• The Faro expresses its gratification at the mo-
;Trate scale of prices. A dance, entitled `'The Ar-
valof Jenny Lind," was already in the course of
pti
,)'eation ; and the Faro expresses its inability to
publish the immense quantity of poetry relative to the
oc
which it bad received. The Havaneros are
ready ander the spell.

COMMERCIAL.
At Philadelphia, on the 15th instant, the, delayed sr-
Itsf,
" of the steamer Atlantic had acted unfavourably on
ire market for cotton, and transactions haie been
viited, without any change in prices. For flour there
0,4 a steady demand, and sales reached 1,600 to 1,700
43., including standard Penna. brands at 4 dolls. 62ic.,
rid 500 brls. choice western at 4 dolls. 75c., all taken
or export ; the retailers are buying only in small lots,
4/ former quoted rates. Rye flour and corn meal re-
-1,4111 quiet, the latter is offered at 2 dolls. 87ic. per
arrel for Penna. meal. Grain—Very little arriving,
4,," the demand for corn good, with sales of 3,000 to
'.OOO bushels Southern and Penna. yellow at 60c., in
I,tPre• Oats scarce and wanted. Rye is selling at 70c.
Or Penna. Wheat continues without demand, and dull.
15ark is firm at 321 dolls. first No. 1 Quercitron. Seeds
'No alteration, and sales moderate.

Now comes the " of the North,'
JOHN SCOTT'S

turn. Out of nine entries' me-third only are of any no',
viz.:—NeNvminster, colt by Tearaway and Storm. My
estimation of their merits and pretensions was shown in
_ _

my Derby Handicap, published in The Sun last Monday.
Since then I hive ascertained that Storm's understand-
ings are very cranky, and likely to give way altogether
in the course of a Derby preparation; so I
will dismiss him from my thoughts at once,
and proceed to a consideration of Mr. Nichol':
chance with his b c Newminster, by Touchstone
out of Beeswing, who, like several other; is dark, but
with a reputation of having achieved wonders in private;
within the last day or two, some sinister reports have
been afloat concerning bim, but I am happy to say for
the most part without foundation in truth. As I re-
marked the other day, he is an improvement in she.Nue-
nykiik breed; was as late as last week, looking and
going well; and from appearances bids fair, with his
fine quarters, to show the field the way up the Derby
hill; more anon.

The Tearaway colt has not speed enough to beat his
stable companions, but he will be heard of, 'calculate, iu
the handicap department. Having glanced at the
principal lots, containing likewise the principal animals,
I shall just pass a few comments on ono
or two of the nastaway division; Mr. Clark's stout half-
bred son of Venison and a ,Defence mare. The Marl-
borough buck is quite capable, I imagine, of repeating
on a pinch the Hotspur dose of 1849, consequently
taking liberties with him is a remarkably dangerous
movement. Lightfoot is not worth a thought!
Sir Gilbert Heathcote's Lady Geraldine colt is fancied
by a select circle, but the cognoscenti of the ring pass
him over.

__......
Mr. Saxon's The Black Doctor, like unto Colonel
Peel's The Black Sea, will find the company too good
for them.

COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT.
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
COWES, JAN. 30.
uttaTii OF A. CENTENARIAN.—On the 25th inst., in
(7417- terrace, West Cowes, in the 104th year of her age,
c Mary Read, widow of the late William Read, ship-
;right. The old lady had always enjoyed good health,
nd had never required a doctor except at her confine-
the,"l's• She appeared in her usual health at four o'clock
at five was a corpse. Her sight was so good
that _
sue could see to cut profiles and a variety of
rikPer ornaments with her scissors. The Queen, hearing
her fame in this art and her great age, sent for her to
a Osborne, Palace, about twelve months since, when she cut
',lt. several birds, cats, &c.. for the Princess Royal, the
"ace of Wales, &c., and for the Duchess of Kent, who
Were present. Her Majesty and Prince Albert made her
some,, handsome presents, as did the Royal children.
There are two of her neighbours whose ages exceed 90
years
s each, and twenty-three whose united ages amount
1,812 years, averaging 79 years each, yet this is in one
the lowest and most densely populated neighbour-
°°(lB- It is considered to be the most unhealthy dis-
trict in this town. In Inspector Ranger's printed report
~,,e describes it as being " inhabited by pigs and people."
he Isle of Wight artist of the Illustrated London News
Zto favour its readers with her likeness and memoirs.
r• Read's brother was carpenter of the immortal Nel-
son's ship at the battle of Trafalgar.
‘,ostiNG of AGE.—Mr. Bell, son of Robert Bell, Esq.,
of Nor •
n
e Castle, East Cowes, attained his majority to-
daya The Castle has been full of company all the week,
is likely to continue so for some time. There is only
one Continued round of rejoicing there.

SACRED .HARAIONIC SOCIETY.
The members of this society performed Handers
oratorio of Israel in Egypt last evening at Exeter-
hall, and notwithstanding the additional rehearsal
which had been given to it, in consequence, we be-
lieve, of the marked and lamentable failure of the
chorus in the performance of Elijah, yet we regret to
say that there was no great improvement observable
last night in the performances of the ladies and gen-
tlemen connected with the choral department. If
sound alone constitutes music, then were the chorus
singers of the Sacred Harmonic Society musical, for
their uproar last evening was at times fearful ; but
so long as they continue to render the sublime com
positions of Handel after their present fashion, they
are scorcely entitled to style their society " Har-
monic." Mr. Costa, as usuai, took the music too quick.

Mr. St. George's Brother to Chanticleer has been
backed for a good deal of money; all gone into the sink
ing fund.
To sum up, it is my present opinion that THE PRIME
MINISTER WILL WIN! and that Newminster and
Grecian are his most formidable opponents. I also think
that Lamartine is quite equal to the task of getting a
place; and that the Squire's nag and Marlborough Buck
may divide the first flight from the ruck. These are my
present opinions; time may disarrange them; but as, with
the exception of Storm, I have stuck to my colours for
the ensuing Darby for nearly two years (having selected
The Prime Minister, Newminster, Lamartine, and
Storm in 1849), I think it highly probable tnat I may
nail them to the mast, as " Vatss ' did with his memo-
rable tartan.

I am, Sir, yours, &c.
THE SPIRIT OF THE TURF.

Jan. 31, 1851.

SPORTING IN TELLIGENCE.
TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY.
LIVERPOOL STEEPLECHASE.
10 to 1 agst Vain Hope
12 to 1 agst Maria Day
12 to I agst Abd-el-Kader
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE STAKES.
12 to I agat Mr. Meiklam's Cocktail—taken
CHESTER CUP.
10 to 1 agst Mr. Treen's Rhesus
20 to 1 agst Mr. Pedley's Cossack—taken
20 to 1 agst Mr. J. Brown's Haricot—taken
25 tol agst Lord Clifden's Wallflower—taken to 1001.
25 to 1 agst Lord Strathmore's Montague—taken
25 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Lady Evelyn
40 to 1 agst Mr. Saxon's The Black Doctor—taken
40 to 1 agat Lord Caledon's The Flying Goat
50 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's The Knight of Avenel
1,000 to 20 egst Mr. Glen's Damask—taken
1,000 to 20 agst Mr. Howard's Brother to Dough—t
1,000 to 15 agst Mr. Carew's Eva—taken
1,000 to 15 agst Mr. Disney's Sir Richard—taken
15,000 to 150 agst Mr. Kemp's Sprite filly—taken
The chief alteration in the betting on the above event
was in Cossack, who, in consequence of some sinister
rumours, was sent to the right about on Wednesday,
but rallying, was quoted at the opening of business this
afternoon at 20 to 1, layers. Them odds were taken near
the close of the betting, to three or four ponies, and his
backer seemed disposed to go on. Of the other horses
included in our return, Rhesus, Haricot, Wallflower,
Montague, The Flying Gout, and The Black Doctor,
were most in favour.
TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES.
500 even laid on Grecian—taken
DERBY.
5 to 1 agst Mr. Howard's Grecian
12 to 1 agst ;N
lr.Osbaldeston's Mountain Sylph colt
—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Powney's Lunartine—taken
25 to 1 egst Mr. Meiklam's Constellation—taken
Clark's Sylph colt
oaland
wdMa Marlborough
bhl bee
co
kdg htbßr
Marlboroughu2o
oko-1.
,Bt aukacnekdn,
o
OAKS.
fLoarTm4ihaooerott
.Mn:ea°,l4tuCg:sho:aen iMsuc etriSlolyTteet
d odds.

15 to 1 agst Mr. Payno's Citadel—taken
25 to 1 agst Sir G. Heathcote's Dark Susan filly--t
ST. ALBAN'S STEEPLECHASE.
Miss Mowbray is scratched for this event.

PORTLAND ROADS, JAN. 30.—(From a Corres-
pondent. )-100 sail at anchor, all well. The beneficial effects
of the breakwater (1,030 feet) is already felt. It blew hard
all last night S.W. to W.S.W. to N.W.to W.S.W., more mo-
derate squalls with heavy rain; a heavy sea in the west bay;
a large steamer beating down channe..
ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITITTION.—The infant
harpists, the Lockwood family, afters very successful tour
throughout England and Scotland, bare just returned to
town, and are now performing daily at this institution, under
the direction of their instructor, Mr. Frederick Chatterton.
Their constant practice during an absence of about three
years in the country has greatly contributed towards the
perfection of harp-playing, which is fully appreciated by
crowded audiences. To the curious clocks we would
point out one just being demonstrated which has all the ap-
pearance of magic, and, like all magic.l.l delusions, is easily
comprehended; it is explained in the treat hall of the es-
tablishment amongst the other mechanical inventions, and
was introduced here by the president .f the institution, Sir
George Cayley, Bart. In appearance i., is simply one sheet
of glass and a hand, yet this instrumert chronicles time ac-
curately.

colllhe Pope has just presented to the Vatican a rich
action of pontifical coins, commencing from Gregory 11.
(A.D. 731), and ending with Gregory XVI.
• d.oRD,. PANiuuRE.-,-It gives us great pleasure to
PPiltnounee that this venerable nobleman has very much im-
eyed-in health- since our notice last week, and hopes are
_itertained that he nay yet be able to add a few more to the
nnumerable charities by which his name is so universally
"IKUOVirn...aontrose Standard.

THE ARMY.—It was currently rumoured at the
clubs yesterday that the favourites for the vacant regiments
were Major-General `Vinyard, C. 8., Major-General Auch-
muty, C. 8., and Major-General Lightfoot, C.B.
ROYAL BANK OF AUSTRALlA.—Yesterday the
meeting before his Honour Master Richards, to proceed with
the supplemental list, consisting of executors and trustees,
was adjourned, Messrs. Prymo, Bartholomew, and Lucas,
the executors of Mr. R. Bayley, 8, Old-buildings, Lincoln's
Inn, who is sought to be placed on the list for thirty shares,not being prepared with the necessary evidence. It appearrd
from the company's books and executorial accounts that
dividends and calls had been paid out of the estate in respect
of these shares, but only, as alleged, with the knowledge of
one of the executors.

Lord Durham has spent 1,4001. in draining his
estates during the last ten years, the tenants being charged
5 per cent. on the outlay. Last year Lord Durham allowed
20 per cent. of the rent to be expended in drainage, build-
ings, and manure.

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 3l, 1851.

MR. MACREADY,.-The Era newspaper of to-
morrow will contain a full and original Memoir of the
eminent actor Mr. Macready.
Order of all newsmen, or send
six postage stamps to the Era office, 3, Catherine-street,
Strand.

THE CAPE DE VERD ISLANDS.—We have infor
mation of a recent date from an English resident in San
Nicholas of a series of calamities which have destroyed a
large proportion of the inhabitants, and threaten to reduce
the remainder to actual starvation, unless prompt relief be
afforded in aid of the succours which have already been sent
to them from a neighbouring island. The facts are briefly
these :—During the latter end of the past year fever,
ushered in by a preliminary attack of measles and hooping-
cough, appeared first amongst the p,or inhabitants of the
town, then attacked the wealthy, spresd through the country
districts, and prevailed so universally and severely that
scarcely an individual escaped the malady, and out of a po-
pulation of about 4,500 there were above 700 deaths in about
four months. In many houses not an inhabitant remained to
bury their dead ; those that did not 3erish by disease died
from starvation for the want of aid. 'ln the midst of these
calamities there arose on the 2d of September a frightful
hurricane, which in the course of three or four hours swept
away the whole of the crops, and completely destroyed near
400 houses, and as there is only one annual crop in these
islands the wretched inhabitants have the prospect of imme-
diate famine staring them in the face, enless they can receive
assistance in the way of provisions fron other than the limited
sources of their immediate neighbourhood.
MURDER IN CUMBERLAND.—Ve regret to have to
record the perpetration of a most shaking murder in Mary-
port. The victim is Anne Clarke, the wife of Joseph Clarke,
a seaman, now abroad, and who for thee or four months past
lived in a cellar under the house of tie Rev. Mr. Bookless' a
Dissenting minister, residing in Fleming-square. The affair
is involved in considerable mystery. The woman resided
alone, and had been last seen on Friday night, first by a
female in the service of AU-.Bookies, and afterwards by a
man named William Irving, who states that he sat up with
her until one o'clock on Saturday ran-ping, when he left her
in bed. The window shutter of theeellar not having been
opened from that time until NOn4Absusplejealwas excited.
It imagined that something was,wrong, inquiries began
to
tli dobr of the cellar was
beingmade respecting her, and
accoberdingly forced upen, when the deceased was found
stretched on the floor, quite dead, with a towel tightly
twisted over her head and under the chin. A jury was em-
pannelled, and an investigation entered into at the Braddyll
Arms LED. The inquiry was commenced on Tuesday, but
from the conflicting nature of the evidence, no satisfactory'
conclusion could be arrived at; and it was therefore deemed
advisable by the coroner to adjourn the inquest till Friday,
ordering a post mortem examimation to be made in the inte-
rim. Accordingly on that day the inquiry was resumed,
when the evidence of the witnesses was proceeded with, and
extended over that and the following day. Eventually the
jury returned a verdict of " Wilful murder against some
person or persons unknown.
DINNER, TO M. EX-SHERIFF NICOLL.—The new
representative for the ward of Cornhill in the Court of
Common Council, having been invited by an influential
took place yesterday evening at Tom's
body of his constituents to meet them at dinner, the re-
unioninwhere
gly
wasaccordingly
Coffee-house,
taken by Mr. J. Carter, who fulfilled all its
The chair
duties with much ability and good taste. After the usual
preliminaries, the Chairman gave the toast of the evening,
viz., , " Health to Mr. ex-Sheriff Nicoll," conveying at the
samea time
l acknowledgments to
eulogium on that gentleman's
public career; for which Mr. Nicoll replied, expressing his
gefu
ts the electors, and assuring
them of his earnest desire to deserve their good opinion, and
to maintain to the utmost of his ability the hospitable
g
associations connected with their ancient and highly re-
spectable
ward. The Chairman's health was followed by
other appropriate toasts, when the company
separated, after
hearing some excellent
glee and ballad singing, under the
direction of Mr. Edney, assisted by Messrs. Shoubridge and
Holmes.

Dickens) wished to remark that we knew on the one
hand what this tax yielded, but w;: did not know vvh:it
it cost in the way of immorality o: degradation.
Whether they used their own eyes and went into the
worse parts of that town, or of the otil,tr large towns
Of England, and there saw the thousands of doncrall
sing publications circulated, or whether they read the
reports of gaol inspectors and chaplains, they would
find that the dissemination of low publications was at
the root of much of the pauperism, crime, and many
of the other social evils of the country. He would
respectfully suggest, therefore, that the Government
got little by this tax but odium, and although he
could not agree with Mr. Crompton, that he would
prefer its repeal to the repeal of the window-tax, be-
cause he believed the latter was chargeable with im-
mense social and sanitary evils, still he would submit
that they might repeal both.
Mr. SMITH, of Bingley, wished just to observe,
that the Americans not only took the raw material of
paper out of this country, but sent the manufactured
article into our own North American territory. Re-
move this duty, however, and the English manu-
facturer could advantageously compete with all the
world.

Mr. CROMPTON then handed in ninety-five memo-
rials, signed by upwards cf 11,000 names, from vari-
ous parts of the country, praying for the repeal of the
tax on paper ; and expressed a hope that the Govern-
ment, by removing the duty, would supersede the
necessity for any further agitation or petitions on the
subject.

The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then ad-
dressed the deputation. He said he had listened at-
tentively to the statements of the different gentlemen
who had spoken ; but, of course, they were aware
that he could not then give them any information as
to what his intention was. That privilege of whis-
pering into his ear which had been referred to, was
not, they were aware, confined to the manufac-
turers of paper alone ; and next week, he believed,
he was to see bodies of gentlemen who complained
of having to pay taxes of almost every possible de-
scription. Before he made up his mind as to what
course to pursue he must, therefore, hear their
" whisperings," as well as those of the gentlemen
present.
The deputation then withdrew.

THE FOUR 711 ESTATE.—PAPER DUTY.
(From the Times.)
The gross. we are told by our flatterers, is the Fourth
Estate of the realm. If that ye Lau. .f iso power, it is
still more true of its insulation. Even in its most com-
prehensive sense it is an estate, and therefore a class.
The result is, that while it can do everything for others,
and is the medium of all changes, good or bad, in the
community at large, it is almost utterly helpless for its
own good. That will partly account for the fact, that
though it provokes and collects all the complaints of
other tax-payers, and transmits them to the Government
and the Legislature, it is at this moment the most tax-
laden interest in the kingdom. The sheet before you,
good reader, is taxed up to the throat. The material is
taxed nearly 2d. per pound; the advertisements are
taxed ls. 6d. a piece; and though the sheet before us is still
under the sameroof as the printing machine, its publication,
to the distance of about a dozen yards, entails the stamp
duty of a penny. It pays all this assignable and appre-
ciable taxation besides the numerous rates and taxes,
direct and indirect—customs, excise, assessed taxes, and
income-tax—incident upon our building, our servants,
and the many dutiable commodities they consume. How
is it that the universal friend of the distressed, the patron
saint of afflicted tax-payers, and the agitator-general
against all manner of grievances, cannot take better care
of itself than to groan under this heap of taxation? The
press must be a very wooden idol if, while thousands
expect deliverance at his bands, it cannot help itself in a
strait. One reason, we suppose, is, that as the press has
always been the voice that called he nation to war and
every other expense, so, like the trumpeter in the fable,
it must pay the penalty of its too successful exhortations.
But the chief cause of its burdened condition is its insu-
lation as a class. It can plead for others, but not for
itself.
This Fourth Estate, represented by a body of paper-
makers, publishers, writers, and editors, met on Wed-
nesday at an extempore hall of assembly in Palace-yard
to discuss their grievances, which they yesterday laid
before the Chancellor of the Exchequer. By some
happy instinct they had picked up a fsw score me-
morials which gave a sort of public cha-
racter to the movement, otherwise never did
anything look more like a class meeting.
In fact it was the fourth .estate in all its majesty
—multifarious, jealous, divided, and presenting infinite
varieties from " the trade," with its orthodox octavos, to
the amateur printer of the Working Man's Friend—
from the writer of our popular novels to the publishers
of our cheap miscellanies—from the man who makes
paper of his own cotton waste to the man who, like the
children of Israel, goes about looking for straw. Though
heterogeneous, it was still one; and when it marched
yesterday in solemn procession to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, he could hardly fail to think of it as of a
party of gentlemen come to 'ask for 800,0001. a year.
Indeed, some of them pay such large quotas of that sum
as to help, in spite of themselves, the inevitable illusion
that it is a class question. Messrs. Chambers, Charles
Knight, Hall, and the other proprietors of serials or pe-
riodicals, pay every year as much as would make pretty
fortunes divided between them and their writers. it e
pay the moderate sum of 16,0001. a year, exactly a
fiftieth part of the gross sum raised by the duty. Now,
here is the difficulty and hardship of our case. We
can hardly aSk for a remission of duty with a
decent face. The Times was not represented
in the deputation yesterday. Had it been, Sir
Charles Wood, who was evidently half worried, half
amused with the conference, might have said to our re-
presentative, "I can understand your objection to the
tax very well, for it amounts to a penchant for 16,0001.
a year over and above your present receipts." As far
as we can see—though the result might undeceive us—
this would be a true account of the matter. The paper
duty only amounting to a small fraction of a penny on
each paper, we should still be obliged to charge the
present fivepence to the public; while competition
would keep paper down at the present price, minus the
duty. How could we go to ask the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer for the salary of a Lord Chancellor or an Arch-
bishop? Of course we shall be most happy to accept it,
and if it is possible to spend more money on the paper to
any purpose we are ready to do so; but in the first in-
stance, at all events, it is asking for 16,000!. a year
Others are in the same case. Hence the unavoidable.
class character of the movement; hence the difficulty
there is in getting up a good popular movement against
the paper duty. Such a difficulty we presume there
must be, else more than a few thousand names would
have been collected to the memorials presented yesterday
to the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
In honest truth, and putting our own interests out of
the question—thinking, also, with Mr. C. Dickens that
the window tax is a degree worse than the paper tax—
we still believe the latter to be a very great evil. The
hardships stated yesterday by the manufacturers and
publishers almost surpass belief, were it not notorious
that some hundreds of paper mills have been totally
ruined by the duty and no longer exist, while cheap
periodicals of immense circulation and the best and
soundest matter have been stopped by this single item of
their cost. The public ought to know that in
cheap publications, dependent for success upon very
large issues, there is a direct antagonism between
the cost of authorship and the paper duty. With a
sale of 50,000 copies a publisher can affiard to pay
his authors very handsomely and to employ great variety
of talent; but that circulation is not attainable unless
the raw material—the paper—be cheap. They who have
no commisseration for publishers will perhaps have some
for authors. Poor authors! Without caste, without
profession, withoilt promotion—incapable of office, un-
known to the Treasury, unemployed, uuennobied, unre-
warded, and, except in some rare instances, unpensioned
—there exists not a more pitiable class, though the
spread of education is continually adding to their num-
bers. As a general rule, their only hope lies in the re-
sources at the command of the publisher; but when the
Chancellor of the Exchequer steps in and levies 5,0001.
or 6,0001. from, say,- -the Art Jdurnal, before it has
yielded one penny of-profit for its. enterprising proprietor,
what chance is there of artists sad authors being paid
as "they deserve? The poor fellow whose profession is
his pen is not only excluded from every department of
the public service, but actually robbed of that which is
his Town—that capital which his pen has created—
for he that taxes paper taxes the pen that gives it cur
rency and value.

(From the Post.)
It will hardly, we presume, be disputed that the pri.
mary object of the financial statesman, whenever he
happens to be placed in a position to inaugurate any
modifications of taxation, which however cunningly de-
vised, cannot but be in some degree disagreeable and re
strictive, is to select for preferential abolition or reduc-
tion those taxes which are levied on manufactures,, iu
respect of which we have, both in domestic and external
markets, to struggle with foreign rivals, and whin?.
operate restrictively on our ability successfully to COoy.
pets with those rivals in quality and in cost of pro4.ilne_ti.,,e
The Times, in urging the advisability of repetlaivf :;"0.
window duty rather than that which
dweiwared, to
deavoured, and we believe successfully enere in a man-
nerpr upon the manufacture of
intercepts of the mere
so injurious, not merely to the n
ur stand upon so
manufacturer—for we have not.
tateta of the community,
narrow a ground—but to the in
appears entirely to have overlookede or ignored this es-
sential and guiding principle.
ed
the observation of the
Possibly it may have aetlon was involved in the weigh-
Times that this consideration
of windows and paper, for a
of excise. duty—possibly OUT contemporary
ing of the respective
suspicion that the adoption of
le might ultimately lead to an unavoidable
ha bad a luau g
rmeamyissi.ovne.
of the soundness of what we once described
toleorplitirri°:uPciple of protected competition.
_ar thises
e
There are two ways
i of sheltering your domestic ma-
nufacturers, whether n home or in external markets,
from being overwhelmed by the advancing tide of foreign
production. One rue de is to impose upon the importer
of the results of forei4n industry and capital duties for
the enjoyment of the privilege of access to your own
markets, of such an amount as shall prevent his unfairly
underselling the domestic producer; and the other is to
enable the domestic producer, by the remission of any
duties which are peculiar to his branch of industry, and
which enhance to him the cost of manufacture, to bring
his produce into market at the lowes price of the world.
It is to the application of the principle of protection,
in its last-mentioned shape, that our cotton manufacture
owes, in a great measure, its present unexampled deve-
lopment and greatness. It was not possible to protect
the British cotton-spinner by the imposition of Customs
duties on the import of foreign commodities, nor ws