The Sun.
London, England, 1856-01-11 00:00:00

110 irAT _WATT-A Al) EXT Ps Z ORYMINA '
PT "° 10.

(Front ate Morning di el-e)tiser.)
Mr. Cobden having proved, that is, assert,ed, fur lie
assertions are proof, that the c inquest of the Crirn.o.s,
the capture of Nicolaieff, the inve,tinent of P. reliop,
the attack of the Danubian forts, the occupation of
Odessa (its bombardment won d be "infamy"), the Iva,
session of every place in Southern Russia within fifty
miles of the Black Sea, the loss of Georgia and the
Trans. Caucasian provinces, the destruction of Cronstadt,
and every strong place on the Baltic, and the annihila-
tion of her fleet; would be trifles that could have no
possible effect in bringing Rusaia to terms, proceeds to
show that the demolition of her trade would not be one
whit more effectual.
This commercial, as well as military and marine, in-
vulnerability of Muscovy consists in her protective tariff,
ard her prohibitive system, from which, according to
Mr. C Alden, no other country in the world has over
" suffered so much !"
"It would be difficult to say whether the injury has
fallen more heavily on the Government or people, the
former through its loss of Customs revenue, the latter
owing to the security and high price of manufactures
and the misdirection of their capital and labour."
By this admirable policy Russia is preserved because
she is impoverished ; for, as Mr. Cobden profoundly
urges, you cannot ruin ports which do not exist, pan-
perise merchants with nothing to 10-e, or stop the sup-
ply of tea, sugar, or fe-tiaras from Moojiks who don't
import them. The poorer a people, the better prepared
for going to war with its neighbours. Such being the
case, even sham blockades would seem to be quite un-
called for, it being absurd to intercept a trade which
does not exist, or at all events is not worth intercepting.
That this is the fact is conclusively proved, in his own
way, by Mr. Cobden. On the unimpeachable authority
of M. Tengoborski, a "confidential Russian employe,"
he calculates that the value of the exports, which a real
blockade would arrest, is, after all deductions, three mil-
lions and a quarter, for sixty millions of mouths, with
agricultural productions worth three hundred and forty
millions sterling. The sooner, therefore, we lay up our
ships and cease sham blockades the better.
Of the very inconsiderable exports in which Russia in-
dulges, Prussia, very much to her credit, in Mr. Cob-
den's opinion, affords the principal outlet. Tax-payers
in England regard this trade with rather an evil eye,
but Mr. Cobden assures them it is "natural," and groans
in spirit, as well as print, at the "sad idea" of stopping it.
In his last pamphlet Mr. Cobden denounced the
trade of Turkey for being carried on in foreign
bottoms. Russia,' he now tells us, does the same
thing, with the greatest possible advantage. This,
no doubt, is one reason why the British Government
has waived the right of search, the sham blockade being
thereby rendered symmetrical in all its parts. Mr.
Cobden also tells us that Russia has fostered her trade
through Georgia and Persia, at the expense of her mari-
time commerce. This was in contemplation, probably,
of two eventualities—war with England, and the prose-
cution of her designs on India. The British Govern-
ment again, we may presume, has obligingly taken the
hint, and carried out the sham blockade in the Baltic,
by leaving Georgia alone, allowing Bars to fall, and
helping Russia to "foster " her Asiatic trade, and her
Asiatic conquests also.
Russia, then, enjoying the inestimable privilege of no
export trade worth talking of, likewise enjoys an in-
ternal trade of incalculable value—incalculable not in
figures altogether—but in bullocks, carts, and poneys.
These means of transport, vastly superior to railways
and luggage-trains, are developed by hire, which have,
unfortunately, fallen into disuse in England. The men
are " always merry, the cattle never tired, and the
"wheeled conveyances," it may reasonably be supposed,
seldom or never wear out. Mr. Cobden's delight at ob-
serving these phenomena at the fair of Nishni Novogo-
rod exhausts his powers of description; and the "unique
spectacle' was as ab,olutely overwhelming as tile
Greek crosses and churches of Moscow, which so natu-
rally reminded him of Bagdad.
This surplu-age of the means of transport in the in-
terior of Russia demonstrates both the iniquity and the
absurdity of destroying stores of grain and forage
on the coasts on the Sea of Azoff. Why they were col-
lected is left by Mr. Cobden in a certain state of ob-
scurity, but be is confident that " the Russian armies do
not subsist upon food grown near the sea coast or the
mou'lis of their great rivers !" This may seem rather
singular fastidiousness on the part of the " Russian
armies," but since Mr. Cob 'len states the fact there can-
not be a question that it is so. The troops in the Crimea
are therefore supplied by the grain brought by "the
great movement of the land carriage" from the interior
to Odessa. The bombardment of that would therefore
annihilate a depot of provisions of our enemy. Such a
bombardment, however, is characterised by Mr. Cobden
as "infamy"—so, provisions en the coast are not to be de-
stroyed, because " the Russian army" does not cat them,
and provisions in Odessa are not to be destroyed because
" the Russian army" does. Seeing, then, that Russia
has no export trade worth even sham blockades—that
her internal trade is self-supported by a perfect system
of bullock waggons—and that her warriors refuse to
feed on anything grown near her sea coast or the mouths
of her great rivers, it is manifestly impossible to injure
her, by hostile attempts upon her commerce
From the exports of Russia Mr. Cobden proceeds to
the " Patriotism and Love of Country," which are uni-
versal there. Mr. Cobden's own patriotism and love
of country peculiarly entitle him to judge. The Rus-
sian, then, has, in an eminent degree, the organ of "in-
habitiveness ;" "he is passionately wedded to his vil-
lage home," and as all Russia is but "one great village"
he never wishes to leave it.
To be sure, considering that Russians are serfs,
adscripti glebes, and penned like hogs on the properties
of their masters, the gratification of migratory tastes
would not be quite free from difficulty. However, it is
" inhabitiveness," and not the knout, which keeps the
Moojiks in static quo—a fact which Mr. Cobden learnt
from " an intelligent native," who assured him that " if
some new El Dorado were discovered" they would
never budge for it.
Arcadia, indeed, in point of innocence, is nothing
compared to Russia. The shepherds and shepherdesses
dance arid sing and pipe Sclavonic eclogues.
" They are naturally the least warlike people in the
world. All their tastes and propensities are of the most
opposite character. Even in their amusements there is
an absence of rudeness and violence, and they take no
pleasure in the brutal sports to be found elsewhere.
They delight in music, dancing, and flowers." " Quar-
rels or collisions amongst them never happen"—" the
genius of the people abhors the shedding of blood"—the
very a droslikey drivers are more terrified at the idea of
running over others than others are at the danger of
being run over by the droehkey drivers !"
What a delightful domestic picture the Cossack daguer-
reotyped by Mr. Cobden presents to our fascinated
gaze! Nor is the catalogue of his simple virtues by any
means complete. His piety equals his innocence, for
" ira no other part of the world," is so " religious" a
creature extant. Most folks, indeed, call him fanatical
and superstitious, but Mr. Cobden does not understand
the difference between superstition and religion, and
with praiseworthy humility refers the question to the
decision of—Pascal !
To whatever conclusion Pascal may come, Mr. Cob-
den is certain of one thing—that " the Greek Church
has shown less intolerance than other dominant sects."
The proof is plain and convincing.
"No proselytising is allowed. Each man's creed is
stereotyped from his birth. If there be any relaxation
in this rule, it is in favour of the Establishment, which
sometimes converts to the privileged fold, and, on the
other hand, deals most severely with deserters from its
own pale."
Thisabeence of intolerance, so justly prized and praised
by Mr. Cobden, was charmingly illustrated, a short
time ago, in the case of the Nuns of Minsk.
This "inhabitiveness," peacefulness, and pure religious
feeling of the calumniated Cossack must show how
groundless are the fears of Europe at the idea of his in-
vading it. IsTe may have a penchant for appropriating
Turkey ; but Turks are " Mahometane,"—and it can
hardly be pretended that. Mabometans have rights, like
Christians. " Territory won from the infidel has a
precious value in the eyes of the orthodox," of course ;
and, besides, the Turk is "slothful and barbarous," and,
therefore, ought to he plundered. Giles Hodges gets up
at five in the morning, whilst Lord Dunnup lies a-bed
till ten. Giles, consequently, thinks. with Mr. Cobden,
that he should visit his lordship's larder, pocket his
plate, bag his pheasants, and make free with his sheep.
But although Russans have an amiable and excusable
desire for possessing themselves of Turkey, that desire
need excite no sort of apprehension on the part of Eag•
land or France. Mr. Cobden can put them at ease.
"There is no greater delusion in the world than that
which attributes to the Russian people a desire I o over-
run and occupy, in the spirit of the ancient Goths and
Huns, any part of Western Europe."
Nothing can be more satisfactory. Setting aside Ma-
hometan territory, which, of course, goes fer nothing,
Russia has seized in Europe alone, since the battle of
Pultava, Finland, Ingria, Esthonia, Livonia, Courland,
Lithuania, the better part of the remainder of Poland,
and Bessarabia. It is pleasant to find that this was not
done i„in
nthheabsiptieirvit„oLe RussiantheGoth i
Gotha or
how pm
Huns, and it proves
how
disinclined to rob any brit Mahometans.
turned But
againstthese
v present.irties, Mr.
As
the
Cobdenß u s
si a n remarks,na en yd
e howrairne.
vades other countries, always excepting Mahometan, he
is naturally indignant when invaded. The lamb, for he
never was a bear, becomes at once a lion. His " patriot-
ism and love of country,"and his religious feeling, ren-
der him invincible. The Czar and his lieutenants ad-
dress to him appeals which. some, Mr. Cobden fancies,
may consider hypocritical and blasphemous. On this
obepgoniindte,debnyd
Pascal.wpohientth he re
tr
eaoyjcw meu
However
eskri
ae
rus Pascal
ah
es mind,inggulled
e
ddbeuoctirdewtl nothl by hypocrisy
and blasphemy, " the intervention of their Government
in the affairs of Europe does not excite their sympathy,"
and Europe, therefore, is both criminal and mad to
make w ,soreligiousiand so
"inhabitive"aon so
apepoapelifie, so simple,
ENGLISHMAN.o

OLD COURT.
(B4,re Mr. Baron Martin,)
THE EIYDE-PARK RIO r 3.

Charl6s illecljdt, a oolice.c•sinstaFile, surre, lored
t;ifi,e his trial upon a charge of asauiting
Stevens.

Mr. Relkin and Mr. Clerk ceolucted the prosecu-
tio❑ ; Mr. Parry and Mr. Metcalfe were couueel for the
defendant.
Mr. Bodkin briefly opened the case for the prosecu-
tion, and ho said, that the circumstance of the
defendant being a police-constable, and the facts
connected with the inquiry, rendered it one of con-
siderable public importance. The charge arose out of
some proceedings of a very disorderly and violent cha-
racter, no doubt, that occurred in Hyde-park during the
last summer, upon the occasion of a bill that woe intro-
duced into Parliament upon the subject of Sunday
trading. With the wisdom or policy of that measure
they had, however, nothing whatever to do, and the only
question they would have to decide was whether, upon
the occasion that was the subject of inquiry, the de
fendant had used unnecessary violence in the execution
of his duty. The jury were aware that the matter had
already been inquired into by a commission, composed
of three eminent persons, the Recorders of London,
Liverpool, and Manchester, and upon their report the
Secretary of State had felt it his duty to direct the pre-
sent prosecution to be instituted.
The evidence was then gone into, and it appeared that
the prosecutor was a hairdresser, and that on the Ist of
July be was in Park-street, near the residence of Lord
Robert Grosvenor, having been to see a female relative
borne, and having had nothing whatever to do with the
previous proceedings in the park, when he observed a
orowd of people coining down the street, followed by a
body of police. He stood on one side to wake way
for the crowd, and according to his testimony, upon
the police corning up, he -vas assaulted in a most
brutal manner by some of the constables. He stated
that he was knocked down, and kicked, and beaten
by the policemen with their staves, and it ap-
peared that he was most severely injured, and
was for ten weeks under the care of a surgeon. The
prosecutor swore positively to the defendant being one
of the constables who assaulted him, and his evidence in
this respect was confirmed by several other witnesses.
All the witnesses were cross-examined upon the question
of iientity, and the only point that appeared to be raised
on behalf of the defendant was that the witnesses were
mistaken as to his being the man.
Mr. Bodkin then replied, and he said it appeared to
him that the case for the prosecution had not been ae-
swered, and he could not help expressing his opinion that
some of the witnesses that had been called for the de•
fence had stated things which they roust have known
were not true. The only witness whose evidence he
considered was of the least importance was the girl
Bloxam, and he reminded the jury that she confirmed
the prosecutor in every respect as to the brutal nature
of the assault that was committed upon hint. She did
not profess to be able to identify all the parties ; but he
said the fact of her speaking positively to one man, and
to that man not being the prisoner, did not at all show
that he was not one of the parties by whom the prosecu-
tor was assaulted.

Mr. Baron Martin, in his summing up, said he had an-
ticipated that it was possible some question as to the law
upon the subject of riotous and tumultuous assemblages
would have arisen in the course of this inquiry, and be
was quite prepared to have given his opinion upon that
point if it had occurred. It appeared, however, to be
admitted by the counsel for the defendant, that, not-
withstanding the character of the assemblage of people
which the police were called upon to disperse, the assault
that had been committed upon the prosecutor was un-
ju-tifiable in point of law, and that the only question
was as to the identity of the Oefendant, and whether he
was one of the persons concerned in the act. The police
were undoubtedly justified in endeavouring to disperse
the persona who were assembled on this occasion, but
the law did not authorise them to use any violence un-
less it was absolutely necessary, still less to make use of
violence of such a charact-T as was proved to have been
made use of on this occasion, and he had no hesitation
in telling them that every one of the policemen concerned
in that violence was guilty of an offence against the law.
The learned judge thn read over the whole of the evi
(fence, and concluded by stating that it was for the jury
to say, whether upon the facts before them it was made
out to their satisfaction that the defendant was guilty of
the offence charged against him.
The jury, after deliberating a short time, said they
were not satisfied with the evidence as to the defendant
having actually committed any particular assault upon
the prosecutor, but they believed he was one of the con-
stables who was concerned in the attack upon him.
Mr. Baron Martin said that this amounted to a verdict
of guilty, and that verdict was recorded, and the defen-
dant was taken into custody.
Wm. Gearing, another constable, was then charged
with assaulting and falsely imprisoning John Jas. White.
This case appeared to be a very different one indeed
to the one just disposed of. The occurrence took pace
on the same day in Hyde-park, at the period when the
erowd was very violent, and hooting at the carriages.
Stones were flying in all directions, and it appeared that
the defendant, who was on duty, was struck by one
which appeared to come in a direction where the prose-
cutor was standing ; and he, supposing it was thrown by
him, laid hold of hies with the intuition of taking him
into custody. It appeared that the mob interfered arid
attempted to rescue the prosecutor, and the policeman
was knocked down and trampled upon, and he at length
struck the prosecutor on the head with his staff. In
cress-examination it appeared that the prosecutor was a
pot-boy, in the City, and there aepeared to be very little
doubt that he had gone to the Park on this day not ac-
tuated by
,the most quiet intentions, and he admitted
having hooted at the police. It appeared that he was
eventually taken into custody, and charged at Marlbo-
rough-street with having thrown a etune at the constable,
but the charge was dismissed.
Mr. Parry was about to address the jury for the de-
fence, but they intimated their opinion that it was un-
necessary he should do so, and they at once returned a
verdict of Not Guilty.
IVilliam. Bewlay, the third constable, was then
charged upon an indictment, which contained two counts
alleging that he had assaulted Wm. Lloyd and James
Vas:ey,

Ballantine, Mr. Parry, and Mr. Metcalfe were
counsel for the defendant.

In this case, when a portion of the evidence had been
given, the trial was adjourned.

NEW COURT.
(Before the Recorder.)
Hendrick Pieter Bernedah, Mocns, 24, clerk, was in-
dicted for wilful and corrupt perjury, committed by him
before the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
Mr. Ballantine and Mr. Poland prosecuted ; and Mr.
Ed win James, Q.C., and Mr. Giffard defended the pri-
soner.
It appeared from the evidence, which was of a very
complicated nature, that the prosecutors are Messrs.
Martin, Bremer, Sack, and Ca., of London-street, ship
brokers and agents. The prisoner, a fashionable-looking
young man, was at the period of this transaction in bumi•
nets in Holland, as an agent for shipping goods from
Harlingen, having succeeded his father. A short time
Previously to May, 1853, the prosecutors had a corres-
pondence with the prisoner, who traded as the firm of
Moens, Bernet, Lindeman, and Co., and in that
month Moens called upon Messrs. Bremer relative to
the purchase of the Queen, a vessel which they
owned. Moens was acc anpanied by a person named
Lindeman, and an agreement was entered into to pur-
chase the Queen for 10,000/. The prisoner Moen. and
Lindeman paid down a part of the purchase-money, but
being unable to complete it, the prosecutors allowed that
money to remain to the account of the firm of which
Moline stated he and Lindeman were partners, and they
entered into an engagement to let them the Queen at
150/. a week to run between Harlingen and London for
the conveyance of cattle. The first term of hire was for
12 weeks, and a second agreement of a similar character
was made, and whilst these transactions were going on
prosecutors advised the prisoner that the Herne, a vessel
formerly used for passenger traffic to Herne Bay, was
for sale, and that it would better suit the trade they were
engaged in, and might be bought for 4,0001. Upon the
receipt of this a correspondent took place relative to
the purchase, and according to the statement of the pro-
secutor the prisoner and Lindeman went and saw the
vessel. Prisoner said Lindeman was his partner, and
gave prosecutor to understand that Lindeman was the
managing partner. The Herne was finally purchased
for the firm to which the prisoner belonged, by the nro-
secutors, for 3,6001., and sent over to Harlingen, and
was used by the firm to trade with Oporto, Where she
was lost. The final arrangement about the purchase
took place upon the 22d of Feb., 1854, and Moens eau
then present, and took part in calculating the tonnage of
the Herne. Lindeman was registered as proprietor of
the vessel, it being stated that by so doing expense would
be saved if the vessel required alteration in the ports Of
Holland. The accounts, which were of a very intricate
character, then ran on between the parties,
and upon the
29th of May, 1854, Mr. Bremer sent the current ac-
count and the accounts of freight in one letter, and amain
wrote in November about the accounts. Some time
after this prisoner came to this country and called upon
prosecutor about a settlement between them, and he
then denied that he was a party to the purchase of the
Herne. Previously to prisoner coming to prosecutor's
he bad written over asking for his account, denying the
receipt of the one transmitted in May. In April of
the present year, prisoner being again in London, prose-
cutor bad him arrested at his suite for the debt then_
due, nearly 30001., and prisoner commenced a cross-an
tion against prosecutor for nearly the same amount.
These actions came on for trial at the Common Pleas,
Guildhall, when prisoner's action came on first for trial.
He was examined, and out of that examination the pre-
sent charge arose. He then swore that he bad never
stated Lindeman was his partner—that he was not in
London when the arrangement for the purchase of the
Herne took place—that he never received the account in
May- -that the amount of 150/. for the hire of the Queen
was not a regular agreement, but merely a nominal sum
agreed upon by prosecutor, a blank being left at the
time that deed wee drawn up, which had been filled
in without his knowledge or sanction, and also that he
had sent a letter from Harlingen upon the :übject of
the Herne, directing that it was not to be bought.
This letter was dated at the time the prosecutor al-
leged prisoner was in London, in February, 1854. The
prisoner raid h' had sent the letter by ship, and pro-
duced his man;fold letter book, in which appeared the
duplicate copy in such a place in the book as to appear
it had been written at the time he alleged. Upon hear-
ing this evidence, the jury found a verdict' for the pri-
soner, and the next day prosecutor's action was brought
on, and referred to arbitration. Prisoner appeared before
the arbitrator, and then told the same story ; and al-
though the Looks were ordered to be impounded, he