The Sun.
London, England, 1834-03-17 00:00:00

CLOCK MECHANISM.

One of the most extraordinary pieces of mechanism,
perhaps, of ancient or modern times now forms an exhi-
bition at the Cosmorama Rooms, in Regent-street. It is
the production of the ingenuity, perseverance, and skill, of
one Jacob Love] ice, a watch and clock-maker, in Exeter,
who died, notwithstanding his great talents, at the age of
60, in the greatest poverty in that city, on the Ist of April,
1716. Poor Lovelace, it is stated, was 34 years in
completing this his favourite work, which is a splendid
specimen of the science, ingenuity, and perseverance of an
English artist, of the 17th century. We cannot do better
than subjoin the proprietor's description of it, observing
that a very intelligent person, a self-taught artist, attends
in the exhibition room, and explains, in a very clear and
obliging manner, the various parts of the mechanism.
1. A moving panorama, descriptive of day and night.
Day is beautifully represented by Apollo in his car drawn
by four spirited coursers accompanied by the 12 hours; and
Diana in her car drawn by stags, attended by the 12
hours, represent night.
2. Two gilt figures in Roman costume, who turn their
heads and salute with their swords as the panorama re-
volves; and also moves in the same manner while the bells
are ringing.

3. A perpetual almanack, showing the day of the
month on a semicircular plate. The index returning to
the Ist day of every month, on the close of each month,
wi4,flut alteration even in leap years, regulated only once
in 130 years.
4. A elide, the index of which shows the day of the
week, with its appropriate planet.
5. A perpetual almanack, showing the days of the
month weekly, and the equation of time.
6. A circle, showing the leap year, the index revolving
only once in four years.
7. A time-piece that strikes the hours and chimes the
quarters ; on the face of which the whole 24 hours (12
day and 12 night) are shown and regulated. Within this
:circle the sun is seen in his course, with the time of rising
and setting, by an horizon receding or advancing as the
days lengthen or shorten, and under is seen the moon,
showing her different quarters, phases, age, &c.
8. Two female figures, one on each side the dial plate,
representing Fame and Terpsichore, who move in time
while the organ plays.
9. A movement regulating the clock as a repeater to
strike or be silent.

10. Saturn, the God of Time, who beats in movement
while the organ plays.

11. A circle on the face shows the names of the ten
celebrated ancimt tunes played by the organ in the inte-
rior of the cabinet every four hours.
12. A belfry, with six ringers, who ring a novel peal
ad libitum. The interior of this part of the cabinet is
ornamented with beautiful paintings representing some of
the principal ancient buildings of the city of Exeter.
13. Connected with the organ there is a bird organ
which plays when required.

From the appearance of the excavations, it
.Loot be denied that the new Conservative Club-house is

t ing on a sandy foundation.

siECAY OF THE HUMAN FRAME.—Not-
-Tattistanding the renovating influence of sleep, which
apparently brings up the lost vigour of the frame to a par-
ticular standard, there is a power in animal life which
leads it almost imperceptibly on from infancy to second
childhood, er that of old age. This power sleep, however
healthy, is incapable of counteracting. Tie skis wrinkles,
and everywhere shows marks of the ploughshare of Sa-
turn ; the adipose structure dissolves ; the bones become
brittle ; the teeth decay or drop out ; the eye loses its
exquisite sensibility to sight, the ear to sound ; and the
hair is bleached to whiteness. These are accompanied
with a general decay of the intellectual faculties ; there
is a loss of memory, and less sensibility to emotion ; the
iris hues of lave), subside to twilight; and the sphere of
thought and action is narrowed. The principle of decay
is implanted in our nature, and cannot be counteracted.
Few people, however, die of mere decay, for death is
generally accelerated by disease. From sleep we awake to
exertion—from death not at all, at least on this side of
time. Methuselah in ancient, and Thomas Parr in mo-
dern times, ate well, digested n ell, and slept well ; but at
length they each died. Death is omnivorous. The
worm which crawls on the highway and the monarch en
bis couch of state, are alike subjected to the same stein
and inexorable law ; they alike become the vietims of LI e
ueiver34l.tyrot....ilfacnioh'i Philosophy of Sleep.

*11144

LONDON,
MONDAY EVENING, MARCH 17, 1934.

The general conduct of the Government
relative to the execution of the penal laws, and
more particularly their reluctance to inflict capi-
tal punishment, has met with general approba-
tion, and it is gratifying to find that all the fore-
bodings of the Draconists have been utterly
falsified, and that the, decrease of crime is nearly
in proportion to the decrease of theseverity of
punishment. Under the old system, the Re-
corder seldom made his report without
some convicts being ordered for execu-
Capital punishment, then, was the
general rule, now it is the exception. In the
course of last year only two persons have been
executed in London—not the average number
of executions in a third rate provincial town
previous to 1830, and the decrease of crime has
been nearly in the proportion of one to three.
The total number of persons committed
amounted to 2,474, and the decrease, as corn-.
pared with preceding years, is 1,036. The
merit of this, however, is not altogether
due to the present Government. Sir
ROBERT PEEL is entitled to a share of it ; for
it must be admitted on all hands, that whatever
complaints there may be against the new police,
they are much more efficient than the old watch
in checking crime. It is only astonishing how
slow we have been in adopting the rational
system of endeavouring to diminish the number
of offences rather by timely prevention than by
undue severity. In the course of the same
year sentence of death was passed on 107 per-
sons. Why not do away with this old barbarous
practice of passing sentences by wholesale, while
the law is not carried into effect in one case out
of fifty ? -

.lon.

In another part of The Sun will be found a
copy of Sir ANDREW AGNEW'S Bill to pro-
mote the better observance of the Lord's Day.
We have read this bill with some attention, but
whether it be from the extraordinary language in
which it is drawn up, or from the vague and
imperfectly developed nature of its provisions,
we can make little or nothing of it. The first
part is sweeping and puritanical to a degree, and
worthy to have been drawn up by old Praise-
God-Barebones himself; brit the last part, so far
as rigidness is concerned, grows " small by de-
grees, and beautifully less," until it finally neu-

tralizes the effect of almost all the earlier clauses.
We are therefore disposed to look on the bill as
a sheer impertinence, brought forward for no
other purpose than to drag its author into
notoriety as the first saint going. Among other
curious matters, it provides that no publican
shall open his house, or supply a meal to his
guest on the Lord's Day ; that neither
horse, chaise, cart, nor carriage shall be let
out •on that day, but then neutralizes

the effect of all this mischievous meddling, by
stating that " nothing in the act contained shat
extend to works of piety, charity, or necessity-"
Why, the bill, clogged with a sweeping exception
like this, will have not the slightest force ! For
what Magistrate will deny that a good dinner
is a matter of necessity, and that therefore the
publican is perfectly justified in supplying his
guests with it ? Again, what Magistrate will
convict a person for letting out a gig to an invalid
wh en it is clearly shown that his health depend
on his taking such exercise? And what tradesman
under the comprehensive plea of " necessity,'
will not be able to set Sir ANDREW'S bill a'
defiance ? We repeat that it is a sheer imperti-
nence, in which a would-be tyrannical spirit his

strangely blended with an ultra-Scotch sense of
discretion.

We learn, by accounts from Italy, that a divi-
sion of our fleet in the Mediterranean is about
to pay a visit to Naples, under the command of
Admiral ROWLEY, though for %hat object does
not appear. Two new frigates are nearly ready
in that harbour. The two old line-of-battle
ships are to be sold, and to be replaced by frigates.

The Paris Papers of Friday and Saturday
have been received. Their contents are not
important. The discussion on the law for sup-
pressing associations closed on Friday, and the
bill will be committed to-day.
In consequence of the Chamber of Deputies
having insisted on reducing the amount of the
army proposed by Marshal SOULT to the
extent of forty thousand men, it is said
that the army of the Pyrenees is to be dis-
solved, while the furloughs already granted
to officers is to be enlarged. The dissolution
of the army of the Pyrenees, at the present mo-
ment, appears to us to be rather a questionable
proceeding, until affairs in Spain are more
settled. If we may believe the following para-
graph in a Morning Paper, the crisis in the Pe-
ninsula is not far distant :

" VILLA FRANCA, MARCV 8,

" A crisis in the affairs of Spain is fast approaching; priests,
monks, and liberals, are actively at work—each determined to
recruit his strength and to take advantage of the coming spring.
The clergy, armed with the despotic—aye, tyrannic power,
of compelling men, women, and children, to divulge their in.
most secrets by the confessions previous to Easter, are too
ruse politicians, not to avail themselves of this infamous
inquisition, to intimidate the feeble—excite the fanatic--
and irritate the disappointed. Promises—with unsparing
hands—will be lavished on the faithful, while pains,
penalties, excommunication, and purgatory will be
denounced against the infidel who, in act or deed, should dare
offend the mother church, by engaging in a civil war tending
to destroy the only true religion. The power of this dreadful
weapon, " the confession," is superior to that of the Sove-
reign, and paralyses the efforts of the ministry, renders impo-
tent the government ordonnances, and raises a legion of super-
stitious devotees, prepared to sacrifice their very existence at
the command •of the most bigotted or ferocious parish priest.
It is, then, certain that the ranks of the Carlists will daily
Increase, whilst the influence of the Queen in proportion will
diminish, and a sanguinary struggle, of the most horrifying
description, may be expected, where brother will meet brother
in the field of slaughter, imbrue his hands in the blood of his
dearest connections, and fondly imagine that his future salva-
tion is secured by extirpating a heretic offender ! Let, there-
fore, for the present all opinions as to the probable fate of
Spain be suspended ; await the issue of the " confessions ;"
take not the tranquillity of the Southern provinces as any proof
of the stability of the existing Administration, nor the appa-
rent apathy at Madrid as showing a want of concord among
the conflicting parties; a crisis in Spain is approaching, the
horizon lowers, the storm will burst forth when least expected.

FRENCH FuNDs.-PAnts, Minn 14.
Five per Cents., 1114 f. 75c. 80c. 85c.
Four per Cents., 93f.
Three per Cents., 78f. 30c. 40c. 00c.
Bank Actions, 1,797 E 50c 1,8501. .
Rente de Naples, 91f. 50c. 65c. 80c.
Roman Five per Cents., 95 95%.
Bente d'Espagne. Five per Cents., 25 2536 %.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 39 38% 39.
Royal Spanish Loan, 79 7814.
Rente Perpet d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 62%3.1 63,
Belgian Loan, 1831. Five per Cent., 100.
Haytian Loan, 270 f.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f. 22,,i c. ; money, 25f. c.
Three months, paper, -f. ---c. ; money, 25f. 1256 c.
-Cours Authenticrue.
FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIs, MARCH 15.
Five per Cents., 1041. 90c. 85c.
Three per Cents., 78f. 70c. 45c.
Bank Actions, 1797 f 50c. I,Boof.
Rente de Naples, 241. 60c.
Roman Five per Cents., 95.
Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 254.
Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 39.
Royal Spanish Loan, 79.
Rente Perpet. d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 63.
Belgian Loan, 1531, Five per Cents , 1003 x.
EXCHANGE ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f. 22%c. ; money, 25f. 22%c.
Three months, paper, -f. -c. ; money, 25f. 1234 c.
-Cours Authentique.

The German Papers assure us, under date
of Vienna, that the navigation of the Danube by
steam-boats will be much extended in the course
of this summer. Five large steam-boats for this
purpose are now building, in order to carry on
the communication with Constantinople. When
this is fairly established, great advantages are
naturally expected to result to Hungary, and all
places through which the navigation passes.
VIENNA, MARCH 6.—Five p,r Cent. Metalliques,
97 11.16 ; Four per Cent., 88 9.32 ; Bank Shares,
1,2501.

The following is a copy of a letter received
at Lloyd's, dated Messina, Feb. 22, 1834:

" Sir,—l was called for this morning over to the Mala
Spina, by Captain Henry Bourchier, R.N., passenger on board
the schooner Leopold IL, by whom I was desired to get the
following information transmitted to Lloyd's Agents, and it is
therefore that I submit it to you :—Captain Henry Bourchier,
R.N., left Bombay with Government despatches and mail on
the sth November last, in the East India Company's schooner
Nautilus, and was cast away on the sth December last, on
the coast of Nubia, and after being four days in the boats,
got to Suakin, and crossed to Burby, which place they
left on the 13th December, and rode 600 miles on camels to
the Nile, got to Crusere, or Goos, and from thence to Alexan-
dria, which place he left on the 9th instant. When he left
Bombay, it was uncertain whether the steamer would start the

Ist February or Ist March, depending on the governor-general.
The mail he left at Alexandria (to go via Malta). The de-
spatches he takes with him to Leghorn. He would have per-
formed quarantine here, but was not allowed.

. •
" I remain, Sir, your obedient servant,
" H. BARKER.
" J. T. Fisher, Agent to Lloyd's, at Messina."

CLUB EFFEMINACY.—At one of the fashion-
able Clubhouses, the members have lately been supplied
with a number of bandscreene, similar to those used by
ladies in drawing rooms, to protect their delicate visages
from the invasion of coal fires. Quere—Whether sitting
f:rtber from the fire would not answer the purpose as well ?

An agriculturist residing in the northern part
of Gloucestershire was lately invited to sup with a friend
in a neighhouring tiwn; the evening was enlivened by
muiic, both vocal and instrumental. On the following
morning he met one of the guests, who said, " Well,
farmer -, how did you enjoy yourself last night ? were
not the quartets excellent?" " Why, really Sir, I can't
Nay, fur I didn't taste 'em, but the pork chops were the
fines, I ever ate."

The residence of the Archbishop of Armagh
in Charles-street, St. James's-square, is undergoing some
improvements preparatory to the an ival of the Archbishop
and his si'ters the Ladies Beresford, who are expected
from the Palau Armagh at Eister.

•.
The new autobiography under the name of
" Recollections of a Naval Life," is by Captain James
Scott, an officer whose experience in his profession has
been unusually varied and extensive. Hia work will em-
brace details of the whole of his active career from his
first entering the service, a period, it •is believed, little
short of 20 years, including the capture of Washington,
(on which occasion, Captain Scott acted as the Aid-de-
Camp of Sir George Cockburn) and other striking events
of the last American war.

The reported indisposition of the Bishop of
Durham has given a mighty impetus to the devotion of
certa'n big Wigs to the Orders that be. The pam-
pl.leteeriog Bishop, who hail received a half p•omise of
this advancement in case of vacancy from an ex-Premier,
like an eminent legal character, is now thrown overboard.
He must endeavour to live and die in his present sleek
habitation.

LIVERPOOL COTTON-MARKET, SATUR-
DAY.—Since our report of last week the cotton market
has continued depressed, and the prices we then quoted
are no longer obtainable ; we reduce them id. per lb. on
Bowed, Alabama, and Orleans ; about Bt, on Brazils,
and Id. on Sea bland. Speculators have taken 300 Ame-
rican and 300 Surat, and exporters 700 Surat. The
import this week is 32,413 bags, and the salts are 9,460
bags—namely 110 Sea Island, 141 d. to 20d. ; 20 stained-
ditto, 1111. ; 3,610 Boweds, 3.t. to 9d. ; 3,460 New
Orleans, Sid. to 911. ; 330 Prrnams, 1011. to 11 ;
ISO Bahia, 98d, to 98d.; 320 Alaranhatii, 1084. to
11 d. ; 20 Smyrna, Sa ; 70 Egyptian, 130. ; and
1,340 Surat, 5i 1. to 74d. per lb. The silts to-day
amount to 2,500 bags. The market is firmer than it has
been for some days past.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT,

THIS DAY, MONDAY, MARCH 17.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
The SPEAKER took the chair at twenty minutes paw
twelve.

MEDWAY NAVIGATION.

Mr. HODGES brought up the report of the Committee
on the Medway Navigation Company petition. The re-
port was ordered to be referred to the Committee.
BUCKLERSBURY ENCLOSURE BILL.

The Bucklersbury Enclosure Bill was read a second time.

DUMBAIiTONSHIRE ROAD BILL.

Mr. DUNLOP presented a petition from the pro-
vost, bailits, and inhabitants of Dumbarton, against the
Dumbarton Road Bill.
DART NAVIGATION.
Mr. BULTEEL moved the second reading of the River
Dart Navigation Bill.
HIGHGATE AND FINCHLEY ROADS.

The Earl of SURVY brought up the report of the
High2ate and Finch!ey Road Amendments Bill. The
amendments were read a second time, and crdered to be

eneros,ed.

DUNIBARTONSHIRE ROAD BILL.

Mr. R. WALLACE presented a petition from certain
inhabitants of the county of Dumbarton against a road bill
then in committee up stairs. The hon. member expressed
his determination to oppose the bill with all his power.
—The petition was referred to the. committee.
ALLIANCE MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY.

Mr. FOWELL BUXTON brought in a bill for
enabling the Alliance Marine Insurance Company to sue
and be sued in the name of their chairman.—The bill
was read a first time.
SOUTHAMPTON RAILWAY.

The sime hon. member presented a petition from a
person named Alex. Lamb, against a certain clause in the
Southampton Railwayßill.—The petition was referred
to the committee. _ _

PHILLPOTTS obtained leave to bring in the
UnJey (G.oucestershire) Enclosure Amendments Bill.
On the motion of the same hon. member, the Dansford
Enclosure Bill was read a second time and committed.
PERTH HARBOUR. •

Mr. J. OSWALD brought in a bid to alter and amend
the former acts relative to the improvement of the har-
bour of Perth and the navigation of the river Tay, which
was read a fint tune.
THE LONDON AND SOUTHAMPTON RAILROAD.

The Marquis of CHANDOS presented a petition from
George Wal,ace, E-q., of Winchester, against the London
and Southampton Railroad 8.11.
Mr. HODGSON brought in a bill to incorporate the
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Marine Insurance Company.