The Sun.
London, England, 1833-08-03 00:00:00

(ANOTHER LETTER.)

TAGUS, JULY 25.—1 n consequence of Lisbon and its vicinity,
with all the forts attached, submitting to the arms of Donna
Maria yesterday, and a little fighting having taken place on the
south side, I feel it my duty to inform you of the perfect
safety of the Maitland. The attack commenced on the 23d
inst. by 1,500 Pedroites against 2,500 Miguelites, who had the
advantage of being covered by batteries, but soon run in every
direction. The attack ceased at eleven r. 31., leaving the
Pedroites in possession of Casselhes and Almanda, the castle
excepted. On the morning of yesterday, about six, the
Miguelite flag was bawled down at the castle, and Donna Maria's
hoisted and saluted, which was returned by the citadel
and all forts in the neighbourhood of Lisbon. The
English and French flags were then saluted and duly
returned. In the afternoon the blockading squadron
entered the Tagus and saluted, which was also returned. At
night Lisbon was brilliantly illuminated ; and the principal forts
are in possession of the Pedroites. The marines are still on
board, and not expected to be landed. Napier is now entering
the Tagus with five large ships, and the ships are saluting him.
We hear that on Villa Flor having got possession of Lisbon,
the French and English Admirals opened their sealed orders,
stating that as Lisbon had surrendered, and hoisted the flag of
Donna Maria, they would not suffer any future attack on Lis-
bon from Don Miguel; and if his troops attempted to return,
they would land their marines, and take part with Don Pedro's
troops.

Consols are 881, 89, for the Account.
Portuguese Scrip has been done at 20, fell to lq, rose again
to 19, at which price it is at present.
A letter is in town from Oporto, which positively mentions
that Bourmont has resigned his command of Miguel's army.
THREE 0' CL CK.
Consols for the Account, says, B9.

OYSTER DAY.—A little fleet of fishing
smacks front sea, laden with oysters, having arrived and
moored near the pier at Aungerford•market, attracted
much notice yesterday. This supply will be a very great
convenience to the retailers of these delicacies, particularly
in Westminster, as heretofore they were obliged to go to
Billingsgate to be served. This is the day, according to
law, when the oyster season commences, but the vessels
are not allowed to break bulk till mid-day, when the
bustle, confusion, and clatter of tongues that follow are
iudescrib tble, In fact, this busy scene has been long one
of the lions of the metropolis, and is annually visited by
thousands, who arc delighted 'with 'seeing the poor dealers,
in their eagerness to be supplied, floundering in the mud,
or precipitated into the river.

COTTON TOPSAILS.,—AbOA.It a twAvemopth
since Captain BIZET, of Havre, tied the effect of using
topsails made of 'cotton cloth, and which promised to be
very advantageous. We now learn, by the Journal du Havre
of the 11th instant, that C iptain BIZET has since made two
voyages to Russia, and one to Norway, continuing to use
the same sails, and that these experiments have completely
realized every expectation be hat been leck to entertains
and established the superiority of cotton sails °yet' those
made of the ordinary cloth. —Athenqurfi,

LONDON,
SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 3, 1833.

SURRENDER OF LISBON.

The highly important intelligence which we
gave exclusively in our second edition last night
is now confirmed beyond power of contradic-
tion. Lisbon has been captured, and is now
in the hands of the Duke of TERCEIRA and
his gallant corps. It seems that a battle took
place on the 23d, between the Duke's troops and
those of JORDAO the butcher—a devoted ad-
herent of MIGUEL—in which the butcher was
defeated, and (as there is good reason to sup-
pose) knocked down like an ox, and killed.
Immediately on this intelligence being known at
Lisbon, the Duke de CADAVAL and the rest
of the Miguelite Ministers hurried away from
the capital, taking with them upwards of 4,000
men ; and on the following day, the 24th, the
triumphant army of the Duke of TERCEIRA was
seen on the opposite side of the Tagus. Their
appearance was welcomed with enthusiasm by
the inhabitants of Lisbon, who rose to a
man, and with one accord, without the slightest
interference of foreign Liberals, proclaimed
Donna MARIA Queen of PORTUGAL ; imme-
diately after which they proceeded, in the midst
of shouts and exultations, to open the prisons
and set free all the captives. This one fact will,
we suppose, be now acknowledged, even by the
Duke of VELLINGTON himself, as a tri-
umphant refutation of the Tory argument that
MIGUEL was the choice of the Portuguese
people, and that, therefore, it was a species of
tyranny to interfere with his rights. On the
evening of the 24th the Duke de TERCEIRA
crossed over to Lisbon, where he was welcomed
as a Liberator, with every demonstration of
eNnAt hupisi aEirs .fleetN,
wexitt
h day,the Duke
the 5t
02f ph A
A,
Lmi.ElnLiiLraAl
on board, entered the Tagus. On the 27th Don
PEDRO embarked at Oporto for Lisbon, and as
at that date the attack had not been renewed on
the former city ; and as, moreover, the squa-
drons of the Usurper were seen crossing the
Douro to the South, it was supposed that the
news of the surrender of Lisbon had induced
Marshal BOURMONT to raise the siege. It is
singular that, on the same day that Lisbon sur-
rendered, BOURMONT was defeated at Oporto,
and on the same day that the fleet was captured
by NArtErt. MIGUEL'S attack on Oporto,
on the sth of July, was defeated. The 'news
of the capitulation of I..iisbon cannot fail to create
a great sensation among all the despotic Courts
of'the Continent. It is a grand decisive blow
struck at the root of despotism, and will, we
trust, not be without a salutary -eWee on the
mind 0 the „P ussian
Cl4ar.,
Immediately Donna MARIA was proclaimed
at Lisbon, the French and English Admirals
opened their sealed despatches which they were
only to do on the event of a certain contingency.
That contingency was the capture of Lisbon by
the Pedroites.

A Cabinet Council has been summoned this af-
ternoon to take into consideration the very impor-

taut news which has been received from Lisbon;
but as the Portuguese Ambassador, M. de
LIMA, has not yet received any direct accounts
from Portugal of the great event which has
taken place, and has not, therefore, renewed his
application for the recognition of the Regency,
nothing will transpire officially as to theintentions
of the Cabinet on this subject, although it is
probable that a decision will be come to pre-
viously to any application being formally made
by the representative of the present Regency.
It is already well known to persons who have
had opportunities of obtaining information on
the subject, that Ministers will not recognise
Don PEDRO as head of the Regency whilst they
can assign a reasonable pretext for not doing
so, and it is also known that there is the same
feeling in the French Cabinet. The British and
French Governments desire the reformation of
the Regency, with the Duke of PALMELLA as
President, and this desire has been more than
once conveyed to Don PEDRO, who did at one
period authorize his representative to say that
he would consent to it as a sine qua non, de-
pendent on the recognition of his daughter as
Queen of Portugal ; but he was then differently
circumstanced—Lisbon was not in his power,
and at Oporto his difficulties were such that
lie hardly entertained a hope of maintaining
possession of it. It is not probable that he will
show the same self-denial in his new position ;
nor will those persons by whose counsel he
is said to be guided, neglect to remind him
of the new claims to recognition which he
has acquired through the declaration of the
people of Lisbon in favour of his Government.
Whatever claims he may urge, however, will, we
have good reason to believe, be thrown away on
our Cabinet so long as there is any hope of
creating such a regency as we have alluded to,
for there is not only personal dislike of Don
PEDRO on the part of several Members
of the British and French Cabinets, but
great fear is entertained lest he should have
the opportunity of embroiling Portugal and
Spain, and placing them under the necessity
of intervention by other than mediatory means
in favour of Portugal. M. ZEA BERMUDEZ
has, we find, declared, that so long as Don
PEDRO is at the head of the Portuguese Re-
gency, and those persons by whom he is said
to be influenced are in the Ministry, there can
be no security for the Spanish Government;
and the least that the King of SPAIN could
do, would be to give such indirect encouragement
to the IVliguelite party as would keep PEDRO con-
stantly employed at home in the effort to maintain
himself against the partisans of Don IVIIGuEL.
It is understood that the establishment of a
regency, in which the real power would be cen-
tred in the Duke of PALMELLA, would so far
conciliate the Spanish Government as to induce
it to give a positive pledge not to afford encou-
ragement, even the most indirect, to the Mi-
guelite party ; and this, as it would prevent the
possibility of our Cabinet being called upon to
interfere against Spain, and eventually against
the Holy Alliance, which might take part with
the Spanish Monarch, is considered exceedingly
desirable.

Up to the present hour the only information
from Portugal relative to the possession of Lisbon
and the second defeat of BOURMONT at Oporto,
which has reached the Portuguese Embassy, has
come to it through Lord PALMERSTON, by whom
was received yesterday evening. On Monday
the Chevalier DE LIMA will probably receive
direct accounts, and be instructed to renew his
application to our Government for the recognition
of Donna MARIA, and the existing Regency.

The system of licensing public-houses has
long required revision ; but the Magistrates who
have the making of the laws are too fond of the
power they possess under it willingly to give it
up. It was sorely against the grain that they
saw beer-shops licensed without their interven-
tion, and ever since the passing of Mr. GOUL•
BURN'S Act, they have been endeavouring to
regain their power by setting forth the enormity
of poaching expeditions being concocted in a
beer-shop over a pint of porter, instead of over
porter mixed with gin at a public-house. The
Beer Act may require some amendment ; but we
trust that no change will be made which will
restore Magistrates uncontrolled power over the
sale of the common drink of the people. We
have been led to make these observations by a
report of a Select. Committee of the House of
Commons, which appears made with the design
of furnishing the supporters of the Beer Bill with
a weapon against extending the magisterial rule
over the beer-houses. On the motion of Colonel
EVANS, we believe, a Select Committee was
appointed to inquire into the grounds of the
allegations of a petition he presented to the
House. complaining of the conduct of certain
Magistrates in the Holborn division of Middle-
sex, in granting public-house licenses. This
Committee have made the following report :

" Your Committee are of opinion, that the allegations
in the petition referred to their consideration, imputing
corrupt conduct to the Magistrates in granting the license
in question, have not been proved.
" Evidence, however, has been laid before your Corn•
mittee, that a subordinate officer of the Magistrates has
been guilty of irregularities, and his availed himself of the
means afforded by his situation to receive bribes from
persons applying for licenses. From this and other cir-
cumstances, your Committee are of opinion, that the pre-
sent system of licensing is prejudicial to the public inte-
rests, opening a wide door to partialities, prejudices and
corruption, and they strongly recommend an early revision
and alteration of the laws on that subject.'

The Committee consisted almost exclusively
of liberal Members ; but as three Members of
the Government were in it, Mr. ROB,ERT
GRANT, Mr. LAMB, and the ATTORNEY-
GENERAL, we think there is a likelihood of the
recommendation being carried into effect.

The House of CoMmons last night agreed to the
Irish Church Temporalities Bill, as. far as Clause A,
which was amended and agreed to : other amend-
ments were also agreed to, and the Bill returned to
the Lords,

Frankfort papers contain a Proclamation from the
Emperor of AUSTRIA, warning his Italian subjects
against the treasomble machinations of a society
lately s.proug up under the name of the " Giovine
Italia,v which, in its principles and mode af pro-
cedure, bears, says the Ordinance,. a close resem-
blance to Carbonarism. Tbeie is no other intelb•
gence in thesq p!.pe.ra worth notice.

The House of Lords threw out the Dramatic
Performances Bill last night, by a majority of 19
to 15. The Bishop of LONDON particularly distin-
guished himself by his opposition to, it, in justifica-
tion of which he told a long story of a young
woman who was ruined by going to the Garrick
Theatre-,-Just as if young women were not quite as
often ruined by paying evening visits to Methodist
chapels 1 A pantomime is no match for a love-feast,
in its power of doing mischief to young women.

The Bank Charter Billhaving been read a second
titne last night, all that can be now done is to amend

r~~
~ti

it in Committee as much a's'imesible..::Already•is there
a strong feeling in the House against some Of its:.attii4
s se
obnoxious clauses, and if theepptrtioe..we pOlit:fin
:tro her column be numerousrylkntidel3oLcaretor.
be a doubt that it would become wratiger. P t
any rate we may expect that the m-tropolitan
Members will not be so negligent of the ice
t crests of their corstitnents, as not unartimonsly
to in•ist upon their right to have as safe a
olace of deposit for their money as can be obtained
by a union of capitals to an unlimited extent. They
will also, we should hope, for the benefit of the
public. et large, join with Sir ROBERT PEEL and Mr.
Hennies in opposing the legal tender clan-e. The
arguments which will be found in the speeches of
.hose Gentlemen are, in our opinion, unanswerable.
We are sorry to perceive that Mr. Pot.TLETT
THousoN should have suffered his usually
clear judgment to be blinded by the fallacy
that dealing in credit is guided by principles diffe-
rent fiom those which guide the dealings in beef or
mutton. As his Hon. Relative well put it in his
pamphlet, as strong arguments might be adduced
for intrusting the supply of London with provisions
to a monopoly, as intrusting a monopoly with the
charge of supplying it with paper credit. The
principle cf freedom is equally applicable to
both. Mr. POULETT THOMSON contends that
Bankers are placed on a different footing from other
traders, because their imprudence does not merely
affect themselves, but others—does not merely affect
the value of their own property, or that of the
persons who take their notes; but that of parties
who do not take their notes. Therefore, says the
Right Hon. Gentleman, we are justified in allowing
freedom to all manner of speculations (we quote
words used by him last night) " even though
they should raise the mice of the article spe-
culated in." Now, if raising or depressing the
price of an article by speculating in it, do not affect
the value of the property of others who may have
no dealings with us, we cannot imagine what doe,.
Because the fall of the cotton trade would reduce
the whole of Lancashire to a state of neva 1, ed
distress, Mr. THOMSON would not commit the ab-
surdity of saying that his constituents and every one
else should not be allowed to erect as many manu-
factories as they think proper. The establishment
of cation factories raises the value of all property in
their neighbourhood; their failure would lower
its value, perhaps, by burdening it with a
poor rate that would absorb the entire rental,
deprive it of all value. The principle cannot
be pushed further in the case of banking. Sup-
posing that bankers could is-ue more notes than are
required by the trade of their neighbourhoods, which
we deny to be possible under a free system, it could
do no more than is done by the establishment of
factories, viz., raise the value of property. A fac-
tory and a bank, then, have the same effect, even
supposing the bank to do wrong; but what is cm-
tended, is, that a free competition, such as we find
in Scotland, would prevent almost the possibility
of a bank doing wrong, or, that supposing one does
act upon erroneous principles, the mischief is con-
fined to itself and its immediate creditors, as in the
case of any other mercantile transaction. It is im-
possible, then, to establish any valid distinction be-
tween bankers and other traders.

But the Right Hon. Gentleman further argues,
that issuing bank paper is issuing the representative
of money, and that the coining of money has al.
twy
oa thinkbeen a
th
at
it is function
upon of the
this
pSotsai tte We i
0.
n manyo r e inclined
rest
th
e
whole of the minor fallacies under which they wish
to establish a distinction between dealing in credit
and dealing in any thing else. Passing over, there-
fore, the absurdity of not prohibiting bills of exchange
and promissory notes of every description, and
admitting, for the sake of argument, that banknotes
are representatives of money, we will at once en-
deavour to show why the coining of money is a
function of the State, and why the issuing of paper
is not necessarily so. Bullion is coined, id est re-
ceives a certain impress expressive, originally, of its
weight and fineness, on account of the impossibility
of every individual to whom it is a convenience to
receive bullion in exchange for his commodities be-
ing able to judge of these two points with the re-
quisite nicety. Had it not been for this impossi-
bility, money would never have been coined by
State, except on the same principle that the State
establishes a uniformity of weights and mea-
sures, viz., the principle of convenience. This
is proved by the fact that where the cir-
culating medium is of such a nature that every
body is a judge of its value, the state does not
interfere to put its impress upon it. We will instance
cowrie shells. In the countries where they form the
circulating medium every body knows a cowrie shel4
and therefore, no necessity arises for any public mark
being fixed upon it to indicate its value, Such
then being the reason of the metals being coined,
that is, stamped with a mark by the Sate, to ind
cate their value, let us see if the same reasons apply,
or the same necessities exist, in the case of paper
money, as it is called. We defy any man to show
that such is the case. A trader gives a bill
of exchange, or a promissory note to ano-
ther, instead of bullion. The receiver may
have bullion if he likes, but be believes in the pro-
mise of the giver to pay in bullion at the time fixed
in the paper. Whether this time he immediate cr
remote can mako no difference in principle, and whe-
ther he shall take the paper or the standard which►
has been established for general convenience, being
a matter of option, we deny the right of the Lezis-
lature to interfere. There is no necessity for it, and
;herefos-e it ought not to take place. We shall re-
sume the argument on a future occasion, and in Ow:
meantime earnestly request Mr. THOMSON to recon-
sider his position.

FUNERAL OF MR. WILBERFORCE.