The Sun.
London, England, 1856-10-29 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1856.

BVCHANAN, unfortunately, be the successful can-
didate—should the slave-owners triumph—there
must necessarily benot mere. intestine commotion,
but foreign war will be added. The piratical filibus-
ters will receive Government support, and a sys-
tem of aggression will be inaugurated that must
be steadfastly resisted. The Missouri compromise
will be repudiated by the executive, and new
Slave States introduced in the Union. The stars
will pale before the malign influence and " the
stripes " speedily pass into the ascendant. The
annexation of Cuba will be one of the first acts
of the leader at the Ostend Conference ; and it
requires no extraordinary amount of prescience to
foresee the consequences of such a proceeding.
Every European Power is, therefore, deeply
interested in the defeat of the Planters' nominee,
of the man who could occasion strife and commo-
tion, not only in the United States, but through-
out the civilised world. Should BucaaNAN be
chosen the Union cannot possibly be maintained.
Although the Freesoilers have hitherto been sin-
gularly apathetic, and "respectable parties " have
kept themselves aloof from the turmoil of politics,
the "policy of abstention " is no longer practica-
ble. There must be a decisive declaration for or
against S!avery. Neutrality is simply impossible
—and if the mischievous energy of the
planters should triumph for a time, the
Northerns must be contented to sink into
political cyphers—to a condition but little beyond
that of the " coloured population," who have so
long been degraded to a position scarcely befitting
the lowest link in the human scale.
Mr. PRESTON S. BROOKS and his admirers have
threatened the dissolution of the Union should
FREMONT obtain a majority. Let it be tried !
They will themselves be the sufferers. Without
the Northerns they could not hold their ground
for a single week ; and yet they have the audacity
to threaten those who are really masters, of the
position—the arbiters of their fate. We have
had many painful examples of oligarchies, but there
never have been any so mischievous as that of the
slaveowners in the United States. Up to this
time they have had everything their own way.
They have maintained a monopoly of every
official station, even to a petty postmastership or
letter carrier's position. None but the advocates
of the fortunate " platform" could aspire. The
most extensive system of bribery and corruption
ever known in any country was introduced. The
mere vulgar passage of the " almighty dollar "
formed but an insignificant portion of the influ-
ences in operation ; and even the most experienced
electioneering agent might advantageously have
taken a leaf out of the planters' book.

The 4th of November will now decide the fate
of the United States. For their own sake, and
for the interests of humanity, we trust that Fie-
MONT may be chosen. If not, we shall speedily
witness " the beginning of the end." The border
ruffians will not be content to remain in stmtu
quo. New aggressions will be attempted.
Slavery will no longer be restricted to the coloured
population. It will be extended to white emi-
grants, who, being involved in difficulties, are
compelled to go in debt to those who may desire
to obtain control over the persons of themselves
and the female* of their families. Even their
Northern neighbours may not be exempted from
a lot which, considering their apathy and indif-
ference, cannot be considered altogether un-
merited.

The shareholders in the Dutch and Rhenish
Junction who so far despaired of its accomplish-
ment as not merely to be willing to dispose of
their shares at any discount, but to remunerate
any one for taking them as a free gift, knew
little of the Dutch. character. KNIOKERBOOKBP.,
in his veritable " History of New York," records
how his great grandfather, a substantial citizex
of Rotterdam, undertook to build a new church
for the use of his fellow-citizens, and how he set
about furnishing the architectural design. In the
first place he ordered a boxful of pipes and a cask
of Virginia, and, these being supplied, smoked
aFay for three months. His next step, on re-
eovering his perpendicular position, was to make
a tour of inspection of the churches in the neigh-
bourhood and round about in the land which had
the honour to give him birth. This being com-
pleted he returned home after a three months'
absence. Being a Dutchman of good bottom he
was not the man to do things in a hurry. Three
months more were suffered to elapse, when his
admiring fellow-citizens were called together, and
the corner stone of the most wonderful church in
the world was laid. The wits of the ingenious
D.utchman, though apparently dormant, had not
been idle, as the sequel abundantly demonstrates.
The thought with which he had laboured was of
uncommon magnitude. So great that the enter-
prise or resources of his fellow-citizens proved
unequal to it. Only a wing of the church
was ever built, but as that served the purpose,
we don't see there was much reason to complain.
When one gets all one wants, how should one
repine at not getting more ? See the value of
historical reading ; for want of it the shareholders
to whom we have referred had well nigh lost, and
paid for losing, a good thing.
The Dutch and Rhenish Junction scheme was
neither dead nor asleep, as will be seen in a re-
port which appears in another part of our pre-
sent impression. It not only was conceived, but,
despite all apparent delay, was in due course of
development, and we are happy to record
is now enrolled in history as an acceenplished
fact. The Dutch officials have not been
the idle drones impatient shareholders counted
them. They have done their duty, as Dutch-
men should, after the approved Dutch fashion.
Whether the design of the original planner is
carried out no further Than in the case of the
ancestral KNICKERBOCKER or not we are unable
to say ; but we are quite sure the parallel will
fail in the last particular. If a wing—the term
is hardly applicable to a j unction—or but a sec-
tion of the scheme be complete, the whole will
assuredly be carried out. Railways make rail-
ways. What serves now will be inadequate to
the necessities of future times. As years roll on
a vastly increased population, an expanded and
fast expanding commerce, new wants, an in-
creased desire for social intercourse, and for
fastening the bonds of affection, too often broken
btlyiedeinsttairtie design,ce,will insure the accomplishment of
network of railway ceovmenmuifniictatiionncl.udes a perfect
We sympathise, therefore, as much as possible
with the joy of our Dutch Rhenish friends on
the completion of the line. Had we been Ger-
, mans or Dutchmen our sympathy might have
11 been clogged by regret at our inability to be
present at the remarkable festivities with which
the happy event has been celebrated at Rotter-
and Cologne. Being English-
dam, Amsterdam,
men the case is different, and our sympathies are
rather increased than diminished by the report
we have received of ithe abounding good cheer—
the music and the dancing, and the illuminations,
of our phlegmatic friends. To us it is sufficient
to be assured that they understand the value of
railway intercommunication ; and of this the
character of the festivities divests us of all doubt.
In sober seriousness we heartily rejoice at the

auspicious event. Nothing but good can come of
it, and it is the more to be rejoiced at because the
difficulties which have been overcome were very
great ; and the English shareholders, who con-
stitute the great majority, have now, after a long

period of anxiety and doubt, a promising future
before them. In a political point of view
we recognise also a source of congratulation.
The prominent part taken by our fellow-
countrymen, and the capital they have invested
in the undertaking, irrespective of the legi-
timate results of railway communication, in
which we are not the last to participate, can
hardly fail to have a beneficial effect. As Mr.
HOLLAND remarked at the grand banquet at
Rotterdam, "in thus binding together the three
great countries of Germany, Holland, and Eng-
land by another chain, not an iron but a golden
one, they (the shareholders) are further cement-
ing the relations of England with countries, one
of which has already claims upon her feelings
arising from domestic ties of an endearing kind,
and the other by historical sympathies and asso-
ciations." Waving remark on the first head, the
last we recognise as indisputable. In the history
of Holland we have the history of a people who,
like ourselves, have fought the good fight of
freedom, both in the civil and religious field. In
Holland the Eng►lish patriots of the seventeenth
century found refuge from tyranny at home—a
refuge which might not have existed but for the
protection of the youthful republic accorded by
the English ELIZABETH. The history of Prussia
is of an inferior renown. The ardent love of
liberty which has signalised Holland finds no
record there. Still the aspirations of freemen
have not been wanting, and religious freedom
has, in a large measure, been secured.
Prussia arid England hare had no interne-
cine wars, and have fought side by side on more
than one bloody field. At the present time a
King unworthy of her sways herlestinies ; and
Holland, unfortunately, is in the toils of a Rus-
sian connection. Let us, however, indulge the
hope that a bright future is in store for both
conntries, and that a more stable and noble
alliance than dynasties can insure may hereafter
be established between three countries having so
much in common, and neither wholly unworthy
of cordial relations. It will be well for freedom
and civilisation if this hope be realised.

DRURY-LANE THEATRE.

THE BESSARABIAN FRONTIER

QUESTION.

A few days since, says the Vienna correspondent
of the Times, a conversation took place here be-
tween Baron de Bourqueney and Prinee Calli-
macki, which was equally instructive and curious.
It was the question of the conduct of Russia in the
Bessarabian Frontier Question, and the French
Ambassador expressed his astonishment that the
Porte, England, and Austria should attach such
importance to places like Boigrad and the
Isle of Serpents. " France," said M. de Bour-
queney, " took up arms against Russia in order
to prove to her that she was not the sole mis-
tress of Europe, and now that her object is
attained, she displays that magnanimity and gene-
rosity which are natural to her, and yields to Rus-
sia in trifles." The reply of the Turkish diploma-
tist was that he should greatly admire the chival-
rous feeling of France if she were generous at her
own expense ; but her conduct appeared to him
like that of q, rich man, "who would give away his
poorer neighbour's goods in order to show his gene-
rosity." My informant was unable to say what re-
joinder was made by the French diplomatist. It
may be observed that men in office are infinitely
less enthusiastic in praise of Baron de Bourqueney
than they were a couple of months since.

TIIE DOWAGER EMPRESS OF RUSSIA.

Gni•ros., Oct. 24.—The Empress of Russia arrived
here at five o'clock last evening, King Victor
Emmanuel had previously arrive at noon.
Count Albert la Marmora, the intendant, had
the night before directed the National Guard to
hold itself under arms in honour of the visit of the
two crowned heads.
i The two legions were accord-
ingly at their post n the Rue do Balbi, where the
royal palace is situated. The bersaglieri, the artil-
lery, and the Savoy brigade in garrison at Genoa,
lined the road in the vicinity of the railway-station.
Nearly all the soldiers were decorated with the
medal of the Queen of England, and their martial
air and excellent bearing showed how advantageous
to the troops of Piedmont has been the training
they have received by serving in conjunction with
French and English soldiers.

and their suites, after visiting in detail the various
parts of that curious atcl historical site, remained
for some time admiring the picturesque valley ad-
joining the ruins. The Emperor, in his solicitude
for th general welfare, made inquiries as to the
success of the thermal establishment, which consti-
tutes the riches of the place, and expressed his
satisfaction to the mayor at the account given of

The Union, comments on the note published by
the Moniteur on the English press, and thus ex-
presses itself :
" Tbe Moniteur complains of the English press, the
opinions of which, it would appear, are of a nature to
trouble the friendly relations of the two States. We
had not reflected on this peril, but had anticipated
another. The grea4 peril in our eyes to' bo apprehended
is not a rupture of the good relations existing between
France and England ; the danger would proceed from
an accordance of ideas which would place tho two coun-
tries beyond the ban of social instinct and of all
Europe. In our opinion France could not follow
this impulsion without repudiating its genius, his-
tory, and destiny. France is the central point of
the political world ; England is perhaps the central
point of the commercial world. These are two contrary
positions, which cannot give rise to the same tendencies,
ideas, or passions. That alliances of interest may be
formed is natural ; but let every State keep to its parti-
cular nature. The nature of France is to influence the
idea of nations ; consequently she cannot detach herself
from Europe, nor place herself in open rupture with the
policy of the latter, for it is by Europe that the world is
governed, and by England that it is troubled. More-
over, the difference of views and instincts is sufficiently
palpable to render impossible any illusion on the subject.
The English press has said the Italian questions are not
alone questions of preponderance, but of speculation.
Can the genius of France accommodate itself to this
policy ? We know well that it cannot do so."
The Moniteur publishes the official return of the
receipts of the customs revenue for last month,
which amounted to 15,229,481 f., being an increase
of 3,354,416 f. on the corresponding month of 1855.
The receipts for the first nine months of 1856 have
been 129,822,006 f., showing a decrease of
21,317,269 f. on the corresponding period of 1855.
Taking the comparison of the first nine months of
1856 and 1855, the items of revenue which have
exhibited the greatest falling-off are—Foreign
sugar, 16,283,689 f. ; raw wool, 5,198,790 f. ; coffee,
4,605,890 f. ; olive oil, 467,926 f. ; cocoa, 203,215 f.;
rough castings, 177,251 f. ; rough lead, 107,351 f. ;
copper, 103,983 f. ; bar iron, 90,598 f. ; nitrates of
soda and potass, 68,278 f., &e. The articles which
show the greatest improvement are—French colo-
nial sugar, 3,436,493 f. • raw cotton, 1,381,328 f. ;
coal, 488, 983 f. ; coarse linen goods, 219,422 f &c.
" We think we can announce," says the Consti-
tutionnel, " that Baron Brenier, the French Mi-
nister' left Naples on the 27th. He will return
direct to France by sea."
The Constitutionnel says :—" The maintenance
of Marshal Serrano in Paris as Spanish Ambassador
is now an official fact."

BOURSE, Oct. 28.—Tne market has been again
buoyant in the Rente and Mobilier, owing to the
approaching settlement, which obliges speculators
to buy back a part of the stock which they had
sold. The following were the last quotations :
Cash. fr. c. End of Month.
44 per Cents
3 per Cents 67 5 66 90
New Loan

Bank Shares 3,900 Roman
Credit Mobilier 1,400 Austrian
Belgian Five 5......... Spanish Threes
Piedmontese (5) B9 Home Debt

RAILWAYS-FOR CASH.

fr. c. fr. c
Orleans 1,256 25 Western
Northern 950 Strasburg
Lyons 1,280 New Ditto
Mediterranean 1,650 Grand Central ..... 605
Lyons Geneva 703 Teste
Cette

By an article in the Augsburg Gazette we learn
the following important facts :-1. That the Rus-
sian Government still has troops in the whole of
that territory which it will have to cede to Mol-
davia ; and 2. That the statements of some re-
spectable Austrian papers that " the evacuation of
the Danubian Principalities will not take place
until the internal affairs of those provinces are re-
gulated" are incorrect.

The Russian squadron took its departure from
Kiel on the 26th for the points of destination of
the several ships composing it under Rear- Admi-
ral Berens. The screw frigate Polkan is said to
be destined to proceed to Athens ; the brig Phi-
loktel to Constantinople, while the screw liner
\Viborg and the frigate Castor will have to wait at
Cherbourg for further orders.

Accounts from St. Petersburg to the 20th inst.
mention that the night frosts are felt to be very
severe for this early period of the year. Along the
shores of the Gull of Finland ice has even already
made its appearance, but has disappeared again
as quickly before the rays of the sun. The ship-
ments of corn from St. Petersburg continue very
lively, and supplies of this article begin to be very
scarce.

Copenhagen accounts mention that the military
stores of the Government have been embezzled to a
considerable extent, and the committee appointed
to investigate the subject have already discovered
no less than 58 persons engaged in these frauds, all
of whom have been brought before. the civil tribu-
nal to be tried.

The Royal decision relative to the right of Prince
Christian of Denmark to be a member of the Privy
Council o f State has been published.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.—(This Day.)

LONDON, Oct. 29.—Wind this day at noon, N. ; light
airs and fog.
PORTSMOUTH, Oot. 28.—Wind E.N.E.
PLYMOUTH, Oct. 28.—Wind E.S.E.—Arrived—Eliza-
both, from London, for the Gambia. Sailed—Walmer
Castle, for Australia ; Burlington, Melbourne.
FALMOUTH, Oct. 21.—Wind variable.—Off the port—
Puzzle, from Xabea.
BELFAST, Oct. 27.—Wind N.—Arrived—Maria, from
Liverpool, N.S. ; Catherine, Miramichi.
PETERHEAD, Oct. 27.—The Traveller, arrived from
Davis' Straits, with 17 fish 201 tuns, reports speaking
the Clara, on the 26th ult., with 1 fish-15 tuns.
REVAL, Oct. 21.—The Danish vessel Tjalfe, from St.
Petersburg to London, is stranded 50 wersts of this
place ; one third of cargo probably wet.
SCILLY, Oct. 27.—Wind E., fresh.—Arrived—Welling-
ton, from Shanghait_ _ _

SWANSEA, Oct. 28.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—Appleton,
from Cuba.

(PER ILEOTRIC TKLEGRAPH.,
SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning.
Arrived—Leader, from Sunderland ; Sterling, steamer,
Cardiff; Stamboul, Portsmouth, to be docked.
Sailed—Mechanics' Own, for Newport.
LIVERPOOL, Wednesday Morning.

Wind S.
Arrived—Westmoreland, from Philadelphia ; Eliza Jen
kins, Girgenti ; Tagus, Seville; Nymph, Cadiz.
Sailed—E. C. Crauton, Cultivator, and Albion, for New
York.

QUEENSTOWN, Oct. 27.

Wind E.S.E.

Arriied—Kunegundi, from Baltimore; John and Eliza-
beth, BerdianPki ; Adison, Panther, Fritz, and Agile,
Alexandria; Mary Louisa, Taganrog ; Medma, Galatz.
DUBLIN, Oct. 28.
Wind S.
Arrived—Affines, from Seville; Jane, Denia.

(BY SUBMARINE AND BRITISH TELEGRAPH.)
DEAL, Wednesday, 9.46 a.m.
Wind N.W., light and fine.
Passed—Emerald, from Jersey ; Matilda, Demerara
Jnlinder, China, all for London.
Passed in tow—Helena, screw steamer, from Smyrna;
Paulina, from Bahia, all for London.

The weekly reviews from the Amsterdam and Rotter-
dam produce markets state that although business bad
been limited, prices continued to be well supported.
From Rouen the letters mention that the market for
manufacturers was steady, with a moderate amount of
purchases.

Two of the platform plunderers on the Smith-Western
Railway—Mary
Haigh and Ann Sreith—have been
discovered, and sentenced to six months' imprisonment.
A letter from Milan says :—" On the evening of the
17th the Duchess of Orleans, travelling under the name
of the Countess of Villiers, arrived here from Como,
accompanied by the Count de Paris and the Duke de
Chartres. They are staying at the Hotel de Ville,
where also Prince George of Saxony is stopping, under
the name of Count de Weesenstein."
THE KNIGHTSBRIDGE CHURCH CASE.—Sir John
Dodson, Dean of the Court of Arches, has named
Tuesday next as the day on which be will give judg-
ment, at his court in Doctors' Commons, on the appeal
from Dr. Lushington's decision in the case of " Wtst•
erton v. Liddell." Upon his decision will depend the
manner in which the services of a large number of
churches throughout the country will be performed, as
there are many, particularly in the diocese of London,
Exeter, and Oxford, where the Knightsbridge model is
followed.

THE CLIMBING BOYS OF PRESTON. —Public feeling has
been lately outraged by an exposure of the cruel treat-
ment of little children, meetly orphans, who are em-
ployed as chimneysweeps in this town and district. The
humane intentions of recent legislation on this matter
ate systematically set at nought. The Chimney Sweepers
Act is a dead letter in North Lancashire. A meeting
was, however, held at the Young Men's Club, Fisher-
gate, on Monday morning, as the annout,cement stated,
to take into consideration the most effectual plan for
securing the observance of the act of Parliament passed
to prevent the practice of employing little boys in the
cruel and degrading occupation of chimney sweeping ;
the Rev. J. Slate was called to the chair. The revolting
cruelty of the system as practised in Preston, Blackburn,
and some other places having been descanted upon, it
was resolved to form a society that should see to the en-
forcement of the law, and a provisional committee was
appointed to take the further necessary steps for that
purpose.

BRITISEf MEN OF WAR AT arrITA
VECOIIIA.

ROME, Oct. 23.—The messenger bearing the
ultimatum of the British Government to the liing
of Naples was expected to arrive at Civita Vecchia
last Sunday morning by the French steamer, and
Captain Clifford left Rome on Saturday evening,
in order to be in time to receive the messenger, and
the despatch announcing the final resolution of his
Bc,urbonic Majesty, in reply to the intimations 01
the Western Powers. But either the sing had
not made up his mind to the momentous decisions
in time, or the cabinet messenger was apprised that
delay would be incurred at Civita Vecchia by that
steamer being subjected to quarantine, on acculluif
of the cholera being declared to have
at Malta, for he did not arrive, and the Britisia,
vessels Centaur and Osprey are consequently IL
waiting at Civita Vecchia. On receiving the de
sired intelligence the commanders will commune
cate it to the admiral, who will of course act 80'
cording to the exigency of the case ; but after per-
shown itse_
using the very mild passage in the Moniteurt
brought to us by this morning's post, we cal:me., u
expect very energetic measures to be adopted, aiee.
the predictions of the Italians that the whole
monstration would end in smoke seems most likely
to be realised.
The diligence from Frosinone to Rome was
0:1
pur-
suing the even tenour of its way on Monday ,""of
ing, about daybreak, in the neighbourheou, d
Valmontone, when the postilion suddenly Prwen
up his horses, to prevent their being thrown u° ss
by a rope which had been tightly stretched or 0
the road with an evidently malicious purpose. 9/4
gendarmes seated in the front of the vehicle of
down to assist in removing the obstacle, but whithe
so engaged they had to sustain a volley from ,
brigade in ambush, which wounded one of the ge.-,„
darmes severely in the shoulder, besides blow?:
off three of his fingers. The other gendarme to
i
mediately fired his musket, and is presumed ,th.
have wounded one of the robbers, for they °hist,
with decamped, probably not expecting auYlt,
ante. One of the horses was struck with a 1:1„ eisiehoet
but the postilion and passengers escaped vliral-
damage, and the diligence proceeded t° ft
montone, woere the wounded gendarme Was
it was feared in a dying state.
The curate of San Lorenzo, in Ltlicciiliga's
having been arrested for smuggling a fro
having
case of female wearing apparel and millinery are,-
Florence into Rome, under cover a a lascia Pass,,oB
or permission fur free entry, has encountered
hill force of the Pope's indignation not so vireo
it appears, on account of the heinousness e'that
offence, merely viewed as smuggling, although t of
is not decorous iu a priest, as on 8001111 sc-
an act little short of perjury by which it viagtritig
conipanied. The Custom-house officers, ha ftse,
obtained information of the contents of the
expressed their suspicions to the curate an to
to
quired whether ha really had anything liaui;oro
duty, as the bearer of a lascia passage must Ah—Thrti.
affirm on his honour that he has not any such --the
cles. The curate affirming that he had neeeLlaicli
officers requested him to put it into writing, 7,bse-
the priest had the effrontery to do, with the 18"ocl
quent mortification of seeing the case opened sy-el
the forbidden finery exposed to public ghore
Father Papi has been deprived of his curacy's's„a
of his rank as general of a monastic order,6ol
shut up in a place of confinement for eccleslas-
offenders. have
Meanwhile the Custom-house autboritlea t ti.
redoubled their vigilance, and regard every pet
coat, whether belonging to priests or pretty
men, with most jealous suspicion.