The Sun.
London, England, 1856-12-06 00:00:00

NEW SYSTEM OF LIFE ASSURANCE.

rrIIE DIRECTORS of the NATIONAL
11_ ASSURANCE and INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION invite
attention to the New System of Life Assurance exclusively adopted
by this Association, viz., that of allowing Interest on all Premiums
paid, instead of the remote and uncertain system of Bonuses usually
adopted.

BY this plan the Policyholder will secure to himself a constantly
increasing annual income during life, as well as the payment of the
sum assured to his representatives at his death.

Tables of Rates specially adapted to this system of Assurance may
be obtained at the Office of the Company, 3, Pall-mall East, or for-
warded freo on application.

PETER MORRISON, Managing Director.

METROPOLITI
GENERA]: LIFE ASS'
street, Waterloo-place, London.

.N COUNTIES and
UR ANCE SOCIETY, 27, Regent-
Capital, 100,0001.
3TEES.

Rtaln. Spencer H. Walpole,M.P. 11tichard Spooner, Esq., M P.
Henry Peter Fuller, Esq. E. Vansittart Neale, Esq.
Life Assurance business transacted in all its branches.
N.B. The bonus declared at the last division of profits averaged
33 per cent. on all the premiums paid.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Manager.

SUN LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
LONDON.
Policies effected with this Society now will PARTICIPATE IN
FOUR-FIFTHS, or SO per cent., of the Net Profits of the Society,
accorSing to the conditions contained in the Society's Prospectus.
The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives
are lower than in many other old-established offices, and Insurers
are fully protected from all risk by an ample guarantee find, in
addition to 'the accumulated funds derived from the investments of
Premiums.

Policy stamps paid by the Office.
Prospectuses may be obtained at the Office in Threadneedle-street,
London, or of any of the Agents of the Society.
CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary.

ESTABLISHED 1837.
BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
PANY,

Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Viet., cap. 9, and
BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION,
Empowered by Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.
1, Princes-street, Bank, London.
_ _

MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER; Blackheath-park, Chairman.

Number of Policies issued, upwards of 11,000.
Annual Income from Premiums (exclusive of Interest on Invest-
ments) upwards of 84,0001.

Rates of Premium reduced to the lowest possible scale compatible
with security, and computed in such variety of ways as to suit the
circumstances and convenience of every class of Policy-holders.
E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

- JETROPOLITAN LIFE ASSURANCE
SOCIETY.
No. 3, Princes-street, Bank.
DI ORS.
Thos. A. Busliby, Esq., Liverpool. illiam J. Lescher, Esq.
Peter Cator, Esq. awes Lloyd, Esq., Biriathigham.
James Dawson, Esq. it J. Paxton, M.P., Chatsworth.
Richard Fry, Esq. George Pearce, Esq.
Robert Grant, Esq. Henry Stu it, Esq.
Wm. Grant, Esq., Portsmouth. J. Ingram Tnvers, Esq.
Sir Benjamin Hawes, K.C.B. Joseph Underwood, Esq.
Frazer B. Renshaw, Esq. George Vaughan, Esq.
John Laurence, Esq.
The Directors hereby give notice to Members whose Premiums fall
due on the sth of January next, that the same must be PAID within
Thirty days from that date.
The Premiums are paid Yearly, Half-yearly, or Quarterly, on
the sth of January, sth of April, sth of July, and sth of October,
either of which several days constitutes the commencement of the
year to Members. Persons, therefore, desirous of entering the So-
, iety as Members on the sth of January next, should appear or lodge
their proposals at the office on or before that day.
This Society, for Mutual and General Assurance, appropriates the
whole of its profits to the benefit of parties assuring their own lives
for the whole term of life as Members of the Society.
For the year ending the sth of April, 1856, an abatement of 51 per
cent. has been declared on the Premiums of all Members of Five
Years' standing and upwards.
The accumulated capital of the Society exceeds 700,0001. •
The annual premiums on existing policies are aim ards of 100,0007.
HENRY MARSHAL, Actuary.
Princes-street, Bank, December 4, 1856.

BLAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS.
Price Is. I%d. and 2s. 9d. per box.
This preparation is one of the benefits which the science of modern
chemistry has conferred upon mankind ; for during the first twenty
years of the present century to speak of a cure for the Gout was con-
sidered a romance ; but now the efficacy and safety of this medicine
's so fully demonstrated by unsolicited testimonials from persons in
every rank of life that public opinion proclaims this as one of the
most important discoveries of the present age.

Further proof of the great efficacy of BLA:Ik'S GOUT and RHEU-
MATIC PILLS, forwarded by Mr. Reinhardt, Chemist, Hull:—
Sir, —Enclosed is a testimonial from a customer of mine, who is
well known about here ; he speaks in the highest terms of Blair's
Gout and Rheumatic Pills, and would be glad to give information to
anybody.

To Mr. Reinhardt, 22 Market-place, Hull.
"December4th, 1855.
"Dear Sir,—l have been afflicted with rheumatism for 12 years,
during which time I have tried almost everything, both internally
and externally, but could not obtain any permanent relief. A short
time ago I purchased a 2s. 9d. box of lllair's Pills of you, and before
I had taken the whole of them I was more free from pain than I had
been for the last dozen years. You will please let me have another
box, as I mean to keep them by me in case I should again require
them, and oblige,
Dear Sir, yours obediently,

“ JEREMIAH GAMESS.”
Sold by Prout and :Harsant, 229, Strand, London, and all Ven-
dors of Medicine.

A NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE

OF MEDICINE.

Patentp narOmfllncnei
eSneda
el opt
arGirse. a t
IBmripteariinni Do pe
gl oemnef d' E
Medicinec o ede,
VP
iheanrmn aa. c e
2a,nadneda
n3,bper ecpaarrrieeda Ini n thThee fwo rami s
tonfnan
tl opzoenntgeet
devoidTltiEoSfEtaMstAe RorNsmo.elll,
Svonildpeirainti,
Lnacilftesmesa,nddi,viitendzi,nntoicosredp,aB,.rant.e,
scdno.ses, as administered by
RlgAETlN'lsol.espENmo a Remedy for RE-
I.ATIOIg:MA, and all toe distressing
long residence in hot climates.
consequences arising from early abuse, indiscriminatehas restoredbodilyex excesses, ,0r tsexualOCi
to iFlituantcetdioTsdoivf I
Manhood;d ualsl o
andare
whatever may be the cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS for MAR.
RIAGE, they are effectußailElyssEliAß N.
dueibyntlll.,is Wonderful
T
effectually, in the short space of three days, completely
eradicates all traces of Gonorrhoea, both in its mild and entirely
and aggravated
ofted
forms, Gleets, Strictures, Irritation of the Bladder, s
Urine, Pains of the Loins and Kidneys, and those disordersotefor,
to thewhich
Copalvi and Cubebs have so long been thought an antidote
loin ofthe health of a vast portion of the population.
TR,IEMAR No. 111,
is the great Continental RESemedy for Syphilis. and Secondary Sym-
ptoms. It also constitutes a certain cure for Scurvy, Scrofula, and all
Cutaneous Eruptions, removing and expelling in its course all corrup-
tions and impurities from the vital stream, as altogether to eradicate
the virus of disease, and expel it with the insensible perspiration
through the medium of the pores of the skin and urine, and is a
never-failing remedy for that class of disorders which unfortunately
the English Physician treats with Mercury, to the inevitable destruc-
tion of the patient's constitution, and which all the sarsaparilla in
the world cannot restore.
l'rice I Is., or four cases in one for 335„ which saves 115.,
cases, whereby there is a saving of li. 12s. To be had wholesale and
retail in London, of Derby and Gordon, 140, Leadenhall-street ;
Prout, '229, Strand; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxord-street ; Sanger, 150,
Oxford •street. and in 5/.

HUMAN FRAILTY ; a Popular Medical
work, price Is., post free, beautifully illustrated with 100 engravings,
old containing the opinions of ValPeau. Lallemand, Roux, Ricord,
it gives copious instructions for the perfect restoration of those
wfio are prevented by impediments from entering into the married
state, alco showing the dreadtul results from early abuse, gonorrhoea,
and YPh
and the benefits arising from the chemical tests and
s ilig ,
examination of the spermatoza, by the author's newly-constructed
with powerful lenses,—Piper and Co 23 Paternoster-
row;t
etioul all agent. toe Ittle Ttioeizar.,,
microscociP

NitIDDLESEX PRISONS.—To Bakers, But-
chers, Mealmen, Oilmen, Grocers, Brushinakers, Leather-
sellers, Woollendrapers, Soapboilers, and others.
WANTED, at the House of Correction, at Coidhath-fields and
Westminster, and at the House of Detention at Clerkenwell, SUP-
PLIES of the undermentioned ARTICLES, for six calendar months
from Christmas next, viz., about 19 cwt. of Bread daily, in loaves
of various weights ; good Ox Beef without bone, consisting of clods
and stickings; Ox Heads, weighing on an average 23 lbs. each ;
Mutton, consisting of breasts, necks, and ribs ; Molasses, Sugar, Rice,
Potatoes, Scotch Barley, Oatmeal, Salt, Soap, Oils, Leather, Linen-
drapery, and Woollen Cloth.

Persons willing to contract may see patterns and samples, according
to which the tenders are to be made, and obtain the necessary
forms of tender, upon application at either of the said Houses of
Correction.

Sealed tenders are to be delivered before half-past 10 o'clock
on FRIDAY. the 12th instant, at the Sessions House, Clerkenwell-
green ; and the persons tendering, or some authorised agent, must
be in attendance there at 11 o'clock precisely on that day, with the
names and addresses of two responsible sureties. The Visiting Jus-
tices do not bind themselves to accept the lowest, or any of the ten-

Dated this Ist day of December, 1856.
CHAS. WRIGHT,
CHAS. P. ALLEN, Clerks.

INVESTMENTS in BRITISH MINES.—FuII
particulars of the most important Dividend and Progressive
Mines will be found in the Fourth Edition of BRITISH MINES
CONSIDERED AS AN INVESTMENT, recently published by J.
H. MURCHISON, Esq., F.G.S., F.S.S., price 35. 6d.; by post. 4s.
Mr. MURCHISON also publishes a QUARTERLY RETIEW of
BRITISH MINING, giving the position and prospects of the Mines
at the end of each quarter, the dividends paid, &c.
The Review for the quarter ending 30th Sept. last contains a Map
of the Bassett district, price Is.
" The book will be found extremely valuable."— Observer.
" A valuable little book."—Globe.
" A valuable guide to investors."—Herapath.
"A useful little volume."—Morniag Herald.
"Of great value to capitalists."—Suaderland Times.
" Parties requiring information on mining investments will find no
better and safer instructor than Mr. Murchison."—Leeds Times.
" One of the most valuable mining publications which has come
under our notice, and contains more information than any other on
the subject of which it treats."—Derby Telegraph.
" To those who wish to invest capital in British Mines, this work
is of the first importance."—Welshman.
"This work enables the capitalist to invest on sound principles; it
is, in truth, an excellent guide."—Plymouth Journal.
Copies of the above publications can be obtained at Mr. Murchison's
offices, 117, Bishopsgate-street Within, London ; and reliable infor-
mation and advice will be given at any time to those who may re-
quire it.

Freehold Building Ground and Houses—Liverpool and Everton.
910 BE SOLD BY AUCTION, pursuant to an
Order of theiHigh Court of Chancery, made in a cause of
David Logan, plaintiff, and John Stewart and others, defendants,
with the approbation of the Honourable the Vice-Chancellor Sir
Richard Torin Kindersley, by Mr. Samuel Turner Winstanley, at
the Clarendon Rooms, South John-street, in Liverpool, on WED-
NESDAY, the 17th day of December, 1856, at two o'clock in the
afternoon, an extensive and valuable Vece of Freehold Building
Land, adjoining Vauxhall-road. in Kirkdale, near Liverpool ' • and
several pieces of Building Land (copyhold of the manor of West
Derby), in and near Sackville-street, Everton, near Liverpool ; and
a Freehold Dwelling-house, in Blackfleld-terrace, Kirkdale, and
several Dwelling-houses (copyhold of the manor of West Derby), in
Saekville-street, Everton. In 12 Lots. Particulars and conditions
of sale may be obtained gratis from Messrs. Lowndes, Bateson, and
Lowndes, solicitors, Brunswick-street, Liverpool ; Mr. T. K. Has-
sail, solicitor, Liverpool ; Messrs. Sharpe, Field, and Jackson, soli-
citors, 41, Bedford-row, London; and of the Auctioneer. And the
premises may be seen on application to the tenants.

Dated this 26th day ongovember, 1856. Sharpe, Field, and
Jackson, of 41, Bedford-row, London, agents for Arefsrs. Lowndes,
.13ateson, and Lowndes, of Liverpool, plaintiff's solicitors.

~1 no
itMEsirsIATNINEGRSA'SFESIIOOOL.-DeorduActSinTg
anadndvaprurtißsinEto:
Z J
with all the improvements, under their Quadruple Patents of
1555, including their Gunpowder Proof Solid Lock
SAFEGUARD EXTANT.
NSDafecinl
sEepcEusrTe).
pimmx (212.) SAFE WORKS, LIVERPOOL, the
most complete and extensive in the world. Show-rooms, 6 and 8,
la
1814 d: u
ED. 5010-srsT4(Bwit 1
GdmE us
Tt , v 'Bh
oi c hT t n
Ao
MILNERS'
Lord-street, Liverpool. LONDON DEPOT, 47a, MOORGATE-
STREET, City. Circulars tree by post.

R. HOWARD, surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet-
street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI-
FICIAL TEETH Axed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so
,crfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from
,he original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or
iecay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used.
This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful
)peration, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is
zuaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth
rendered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At
ome from ten till five.

FRAMPTON'S PILL of HEALTH.
Price is. 154 d. and 2s. 9d. Der box.
This excellent Family Pill is a medicine of long-tried efficacy for
purifying the blood, so very essential for the foundation of good
health, and correcting all disorders of the stomach and bowels.
Two or three doses will convince the afflicted of its salutary effects.
The stomach will speedily regain its strength ; a healthy action of
the liver, bowels, and kidneys will rapidly take place; and renewed
health will be the quick result of taking this medicine, according to
the directions accompanying each box.
For FEMALES these Pills are truly excellent, removing all ob-
structions, the distressing Headache so very prevalent with the sex,
Depression of Spirits, Dulness of Sight, Nervous Affections, Blotches,
Pimples, and Sallowness of the akin, and give a healthy, juvenile
bloom to the coraplexion.
Persons of a Full Habit, who are subject to Headache, Giddiness,
Drowsiness, and Siming in the Ears, arising from too groat a flow of
blood to the head, should never be without them, ns many danger-
anTdhineyvigareinvigorate
taant
heex
spirits,ce n t
and
it t aperient,akcreate
after appetite,indulgence relieve
a t t
table
languor,thoy
quickly restore the system to its natural state of repose.
Sold by Prout and Harsant, 229, Strand, London, and all vendors
of medicine.

CANCER HOSPITAL, London and West
Brompton.—Secretary's Office, 167, Piccadilly.—This Instltu
lion has been established exclusively for the treatment of the poor
afflicted with cancerous diseases. Out-door patients to attend at 167,
Piccadilly, on Tuesdays, at 2 o'clock. In-door patients are admitted
at the Brompton Establishment, for one month, and for a longer
period if recommended by the medical officers. The number of per-
sons under treatment as in or out-door patients have averaged for
the last three years about 400 cases each year. Since the foundation
of this Hospital in 1851, 1,799 poor persons, suffering under every
farm of this dreadful malady, have received the benefits of this
Chanty. A Weekly Board manage Its affairs, and every informa-
tion connected with the Institution may be obtained on application
to the Secretary. Contributions to enable the Committee to continue
this great work of benevolence are urgently solicited, and may be
paid to William Loxham Farrar, Esq., the Treasurer, 66, Lincoln's-
inn-fields ; Messrs. Coutts and Co., Strand ; and at the Secretary's
Offices, 167, Piccadilly,

BY on: er.

W. J. COCKERILL, Secretary.

ED OPAL, FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road.
atron—The QUEEN.—Founded 1828.
No order for admission is here required. The sick poor are admitted
on their own application alone.
During the past month the following number received the benefits
of this Charity, either its out or in-door patients, on their personal
application :
Week ending 7th October . 2,188
Ditto 14th October .2,162
Ditto 21st October 2,075
Ditto 28th October 2,941
29th,30th, and 31st October

Total in October 9,680
of which 3,303 were new cases, the remainder (still under treat-
ment) having been admitted previously.
Heavy expenses are inevitably incurred in affording such exten-
sive relief. The Committee, therefore, earnestly entreat the aid of
the public.
The management of the Hospital is in the hands of 30 Governors,
yearly elected from the general list of subscribers, at the Annual
General Meeting in January. A Board is held every Thursday, at
4 o'clock (Rev. J. B. Owen, Chairman), to conduct the business,
when any subscriber may attend, if so disposed, the Board being at
all times desirous of receiving suggestions or giving explanation.
The Hospital is not endowed, but is wholly dependent on volun-
tary contributions and legacies, which are received by the Treasurer,
John lklasterman, Esq., M.P., Nicholas-lane;also G
by Mleysn ndsrsa.Cocuot.ts;
and Co.; Drummond and Co.; !lorries and Co.; Ransom and Co.;
Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, anti Co.;
Jones Loyd and Co.; Barclay and Co.; Denison and Co. ; Williams,
Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet and CO., Her-
tiers-street ; Masterman and Co.; and at the Hospital.
Clotting for the destitute patients will be thankfUlly received.
337 order, ;7, B. QWB/ 14.A.,C1a1;ugul,

THE BALLOT IN HOLLAND AND

We have been requested by the Vice-Chairman
of the. Vote by Ballot Society—E. C. Whitehurst,
Esq.—to give publicity to the following communi-
cations, received by them in answer to the queries
contained in them. We may add that the two
gentlemen whose names appear below are influen-
tial Members of the Chambers of the Legislatures
of their respective Companies :

ROTTERDAM, Nov., 1856.
SIR,—I have great pleasure in replying to your letter of
18th October, containing the questions that the ballot
society wished you to propose to me, viz.:-
Ist. If the ballot was adopted in Holland with the ob-
ject of securing secresy and independence of voting, to
tenants, shopkeepers, debtors, and to any class that might
be placed in a dependent position.
2d. If the plan adopted has been found effectual to secure
to the elector the liberty and independence required.
And, lastly, Any further information that I might be
able to give you.
As regards the desires and motives whieh guided our
Legislature in the establishment of our electoral law, and
their real existence, I have not the least doubt. In order to
convince myself I have reviewed everything that took place
regarding the electoral law, as well among the Government
as in committees and public discussions of the " States
General."
To strengthen my opinion I propose quoting several
facts, extracted from official documents, which prove, in
the most evident manner, that the wish of our whole Le-
gislature was to render voting as free as possible, and to
afford the elector the means of sheltering himself from all
extraneous influence, and to keep himself independent.
The " Royal Commission," established 17th March,
1848, "to consider and point out any improvements pos-
sible in our political institutions," reports as follows :
" We are convinced that, in order to preserve the Nether.
lands with, its constitutional monarchy, our institutions
require from our citizens, before and above all things, a co-
operation widely differing, and infinitely more comprehen-
sive than it has yet received. No Constitution can create
the necessary political spirit and will, but it can crush
them, or, on the other hand, excite and nourish them.
The fundamental law created the popular strength, now it
must apply itself to the task of causing it to circulate
through every vein of the State." And, again---" The
i
people were not aware till now that they might partici-
pate in the government. Yet without this knowledge the
State does not rest upon the national strength, and with-
outn o
Gaonational
Government
canstrengthh
e preserved.str ongly developedTh from this day
This knowledge is given
to the people by a true and simple representation in the
affairs of the Communes, the Provinces, and the State."
Mr. Thorbecke, Minister of the Interior, on the " Elec-
toral Laws" in the Second Chamber, said—" The end of
the law is, to render as far as is in its power every vote in-
dependent, and only governed by the feelings of the elec-
tor with regard to public affairs.',
A Member of the Legislative Government, Mr. Costerns,
proposed as an amendment, " to declare null and void the
votes of electors who had signed their voting papers," and
although the Government was of opinion tat it was un-
just to punish the elector by depriving him of his vote,
because he had had the openness, by signing the voting
paper, to declare for whom he had voted, yet the amend-
ment was carried by 36 to 30. As it is important to show
that this triumph was not only due to the principle which
influenced the whole law, that is to say, that it was above
all things necessary to maintain the independence of the
elector by protecting him from every possible influence, I
will quote the principal arguments adduced duringte
debate. Mr. Costerus says :—" The late Government de-
clared, and many, members have repeated, that the prin-
ciple of the law is secret voting, that secret voting is the
safeguard of direct election ;" and, after having set forth
at great length abuses which may occur, and which are
known to every one, finished by saying—" But is it not
possible, that we may have seasons of political schisms and
parties, in which a self-constituted public opinion may
proclaim as saviours of the country certain individuals, and
that all who do not join in this popular chorus may be
branded as infamous—seasons in which the pressure of
terror may destroy all energy—where then remains the
real free will of the people ?"
Another member, Mr. Van Ysett, says :—" In times
of popular excitement, the signing of the voting papers
might produce abuses, because an influential person
might, by compelling the voter to sign in his presence, di-
rect the vote, the voter not daring to alter the signature
for fear of detection at the opening of the ballot box
(l'Urne Electorale).
An amendment of Mr. Lotsy, to the effect that " any
elector who might be prevented personally inserting his
vote in the box should be allowed to vote by sending his
voting paper, and a statement that it enclosed his vote,
signed by a notary before two witnesses, was rejected by
53 to 7, for the following reasons-
-Ist. That the possession of wealth allowing persons to
absent themselves from the ballot box, an inequality would
arise betwecn citizens called on to fulfil a civic duty.
2d. That the fact of the possession of wealth freeing its
owner from the trouble of going to vote would produce a
class of pretenders who, while keeping their money in their
pockets, would avoid voting to give themselves the appear.
ance of wealth, and deprive the box of their vote- to appear
remarkable.

3d. That by enclosing the voting paper in the signed
statement, the opportunity of introducing several papers
would be given, and the scrutineers deprived of the power
of knowing that each elector only inserts one paper in the
box.

4th. That this amendment would only benefit those who
were able and willing to pay the expense of the witnessed
envelope, and would afford no remedy to those who, though
prevented attending personally by equally powerful rea-
sons, were unable or unwilling to incur the expense.
sth. The minister said—" That no man, however rich,
should be ashamed of appearing at the place where his duty
as a citizen requires him to deposit his vote. All this proves
that every class of our Legislature has been influenced by
the desire and wish of giving to every elector the greatest
possible independence in voting, and to shelter him as far
as the law allows from all extraneous influence.
As regards the question, if such regulations have been
found to guarantee the required " liberty and indepen-
dence," let us consult the experience of six years. To com-
mence. The law has secured to every elector, however de-
pendent he may be in the relations of life, the means of
rendering himself entirely free from the influence of any
one in the exercise of his right of voting ; and this is
proved by the fact of the law allowing him the means of
procuring a fresh voting paper any time that any influence
whatever may have compelled him to fill one up against his
free will, so that an elector is enabled to satisfy the wishes
of the influencing agent by showing him a paper filled up
in the name he requires, while it is in his power to depo-
sit in the box another signed after his own wish, without
the possibility of the exchange being known by the agent.
This precaution of the law is also a powerful remedy
against corruption, because, presuming that either party
is desirous of bribing, there can be no security that the
elector who has sold his vote to one person will not sell it
again, perhaps, to several others, and finish by voting his
own way, as being compelled personally to attend to de-
posit his vote he can always find means of exchanging the
papers. Thus, by rendering the success of bribery doubt-
ful, the corruptor is reduced to the influence of colloquial
persuasion only, which, as it may be exercised for good as
well as evil, is a lawful weapon. But although the law
has duly provided means for the elector to free himself
from extraneous influence, ii is no less true that influences
are still applied, and sometimes with effect; but this is
not the fault of the Legislature, but of the citizen who
yields himself up to them. It is a human failing which
the development of national feeling, and the knowledge of
his rights as a citizen, ought to remedy. The education
of the citizen is a distinct question—it is enough that the
law points out the way of doing right, and as far as pos-
sible prevents the possibility of doing wrong. Besides,
the good sense of the people remedies these abuses, if cir-
cumstances should produce them. We have a recent in-
stance of this in the Low Countries. When in 1853, after
the dissolution of the Second Chamber, the clergy had
succeeded in producing a panics among the voting classes
on the question " Of the Erection of Catholic Bishoprics,"
a sufficient number of "anti-bishops" were returned to give
the new Ministry a majority in the Chambers ; but at the
re-election of the half of the " Second Chamber," in July
last, the good sense of the nation being convinced that
behind the cry of " Episcophobia" Borne political end was
concealed, and that the " Reactionary Party" had only
made use of " religion" as a shield for their political
views, all the rejected Liberals were again elected; and,
on the other hand, five of the " Reactionists" were thrown
out.

Another significant fact is, that Mr. Thorbecke, our
Premier in 1853, whom the " Reactionary Party" were
enabled to defeat, was re-elected in two districts, one of
which Maestricht, (for which he had sat before), was Catho-
lic, and the other, " Derenter," Protestant.
We find, I think, a farther proof that the elections are
influenced by the state of the education of the electors, in
the fact that, in the districts where they return usually
Liberal members, the national feeling is generally much
further advanced in " Liberalism" in its widest accepta-
tion, political, religious, or commercial, than in those
where they return " Rea.ctionists," or at least " Sta.
tionists," who do not agree with the motto of our Libe-
rals, " Progress by means of free Development.,,
ifo ins ournals, who gene.
analogous to the
Another drawback, which must also be attributed to the
passions of man, and not to the spirit of the electoral law,
is occasioned by the " periodical press." The influence of
the press has frequently, and with great justice, been de-
nounced as injurious to the system of " free voting," be-
cause the elector is not always enabled to estimate at their
rallygr e great
admitvalue in thet
hpeliort s and
columnsft arguments gotsarni
only
notpai
opinions
politics of their own party. This is peculiarly the casein our
country, because in none of our large towns are there more
than one or two journals, and these seldom publiah an honest
and enlightened controversy, but generally blindly and ob-
stinately maintain their individual theories, instead of ho-
nestly endeavouring to assist the public mind to establish
the principle of common sense by just and logical conclu-
sions. With you, from the advanced state of your press,
the same inconvenience eannot exist.

The schemes of party and the abuse of the press have in-
duced the honest opponents of our electoral system to be-
lieve that by the flaw system of election nothing is gained
except, perhaps, that the natiun is put to greater expense,
and that instead of being chosen by a party who assume
to be most interested in the well-being of society, and
known as " the aristocratic party," we are now brought
forward and elected by parties excited against each
other by peculiar and selfish motives, to either of which
chance, either by lucky circumstances, or the result
of fortunate combinations, may give the victory. But
to this I have only to reply, that though the practical
result may be the same, yet the original difference is
palpable- -in the first case, if evil arises, it is produced
systematically by one party always interested in the
business; while in the other case, it originates in instrn-
ments, divided by interests which compel thorn to act,
and only possessing accidental, and not permanent,interests
to influence the body of electors,
Thiits
remainsdifferen ficeixsetd, striking,hepmeromreanent, and exposed to the sel-
as in one supposi-
tionfishness of a party; while in the other it fluctuates amidst
a thousand various interests, and only requires to be ex-
plilizatcl anti recognised to In appreciated by food maw,

It is, moreover, an advantage that, accidental though it
may be, it yet only requires the education of the citizens
to become firm and lasting, by elevating the elector above
the plots and passions of men to the position which the law
has given him.
But if the Press sometimes abuses its power, it is only
fair to say that it almost invariably points out secret de-
signs pfenees), which from that moment are counteracted
by public opinion, and very often prevented by the officers
of justice, who dare not put themselves above the public
voice, whatever may be their personal opinions.
In summing up, then, the abuses which experience
shows us to exist in our elections, we find it existing with-
out and in spite of the law, which affords the means of free-
dom, and leaves to the education and good sense of the
citizen the charge of raising him to the elevation of his civic
duty, and to preserve him from any influence hostile to
his conscience.
By the opportunity afforded of changing the voting paper
at pleasure, by the clause in the law which enacts that
every elector must himself place his paper in the box, as
well as by the means which the scrutineers publicly use to
satisfy themselves that no one can insert more than one
paper at a time, or vote more than once (the name of each
voter being registered as soon as he has voted), the law has
endeavoured to satisfy all the requirements necessary to
assure independence to electors, and to insure a secrecy in
voting which can only be violated at the will of him who
places the voting paper in the box.
With these remarks I hope I have replied to your ques-
tions, at least I have done so to the best of my ability • if
there are other points under discussion, if you will refer
them to me I shall be equally happy to reply. If it is more
convenient to you to write in English, pray do so, as I
understand it perfectly ' • only I must bog to be allowed to
reply in French, as that language is more familiar to ate.
J. M. JANCLIIS.

EXTRACTS FROM THE ELECTORAL LAW OF HOLLAND.
The members of the Second Chamber of the States-Ge-
neral are elected freely and directly by the nation. The
members of the First Chamber are elected by the Provin-
cial States, elected directly by the nation, The Town
Councils are elected by the nation directly.
Article 37. At least eight days before the election each
elector receives at his house a sealed letter, informing him
of the time, place, and object of election, and a voting pa-
per, with the town stamp and seal, on which he is to write
the name or names of the persons for whom he votes. II
this paper be lost he can demand another.
38. The elector must, in his own person, deposit this
paper in the ballot-box.
43. The scrutineers consist of the president and two
members of the Town Council.
45. The table is placed in such a manner that the electors
can overlook the scrutineers.
4.6. The ballot-box placed on the table is fastened by two
different locks, of which the key of one is kept by the pre-
sident, the other by the eldest scrutineer.
47. No person is admitted to the ballot-box who is not,
according to the register of electors, entitled to be present.
51. When the poll closes, the president publicly shuts
and seals the ballot-box with the town seal and the seals of
the scrutineer, so that the papers cannot get out of the box.
55. The opening of the voting papers takes place in the
chief town of the electoral district.
56. The opening of the voting papers is in public. The
electors present may object to votes.
59. The voting papers art, counted before opening, to see
that their number agrees with the list of persons voting.
They are mixed together before they are opened.
60. The president reads aloud each paper and passes it
to the senior scrutineer, who in turn passes it to the other.
61. Those voting papers are null and void which are not
authenticated in manner prescribed by Article 37, those
signed by the elector, and those which do not plainly indi
cate the person voted for, or which are blanks.

TURIN, Nov. 9, 1856.
Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge your letter
containing the questions proposed to me by you on behalf
of the Society for Establishing the Vote by Ballot. I
have forwarded by post an official copy of the " Electoral
Law" of the Chamber of Representatives of the kingdom
of Sardinia, and now hasten to reply to your questions.
Ist. The law established among us to insure the cer-
tainty of secrecy to our voters will be found in paragraphs
82, 86, 83 of our Electoral Law, of which I send a copy.
2d. It is an established fact that the law was not only
intended to secure freedom of voting to shopkeepers,
tenants, and tradespeople of every sort that might be under
the influence of pressure, but also to remedy the effects of
the Government interest on the very numerous body in
their employ (which is one of the greatest blemishes in our
constitution).
3d. In general, and with very few exceptions, the laws
established have been found to preserve the independence
of the electoral body, and it never enters the head of any
one here to require "open voting." It is certain that if
that system of public voting was established, the indepen-
dent members would be excluded from our Parliament, and
all the elections would as certainly result in favour of the
ministerialist, the bishops, and the clergy.
I have said that secrecy is preserved, except in a few
cases, and I will explain myself. Many of our electoral
colleges are sufficiently numerous. In others where the
number is limited, it sometimes happens that influen-
tial persons are chosen as scrutineers whence it hap-
pens that electors depending on these persons cannot
vote freely as the scrutineer might recognise their writing.
But in England, where the number of electors is so large,
I do not think this objection would hold good ; at any rata
this might be avoided by the use of printed voting papers,
such as those used by the French since the introduction of
the " Universal Suffrage."
You must be aware that this country is quite a novice
as regards the "Representative System"—which was
adopted after the national movement in 1818, when the
constitution was established (promulgate), which was
taken in a great measure from Belgium, and our legislators
have also imitated the electoral law in use in that country,
where it has given satisfaction. With us this law has acted
sufficiently well, and with the exception of the admission
of deputies employed by Government (see paragraph 100)
I believe, and it is the general opinion, that it will be best
to leave it unchanged. We have also the " Secret Voting"
established by the fundamental law in the two chambers,
but this I consider as injurious, as I believe it to be useful
and even necessary at the elections. I believe I have thus
replied to your requests, but I shall be at all times happy
to afford farther information if required, and shall feel
honoured by being in the smallest manner connected with
a society entertaining such noble designs.
LORENZO VALERIA, Deputato.

EXTRACTS FROM THE ELECTORAL LAW OF THE KINGDOM

OF SARDINIA.
Art. 66. The electors cannot appear by proxy. In those
colleges not exceeding 400, the electors to meet in one
place; above 400, the college to be divided in sections,
every section to be at least 200, and to consent directly in
the election of the deputy to be chosen by the college.
82. Each elector having answered to his name, shall
receive from the president an open voting paper, on which
he shall write, or cause to be written by a person chosen
by himself, his vote ; he shall then hand the paper folded
to the President, who shall put it ingthe urn. The table
at which the elector fills up his paper shall be separated
from that of the officers ; that at which the president,
scrutineers, and the secretary sit shall be so placed that
the electors can have free access to it during tho scrutiny.
83. As each voter deposits his paper iu the urn,
the vote shall be certified by one of the scrutineers and the
secretary signing their names opposite that of the voter in
a list containing the names and qualifications of the whole
college or section.

84: At. one hour after noon the names of those who
omitted to apply for their voting papers shall be again
called over. This being done the president shall declare
the voting complete.
85. The urn being then opened and the papers counted,
a scrutineer takes the 'papers one at a time, opens them,
and hands them (one by one) to the president, who reads
them aloud, and passes them to another scrutineer. The
result of each scrutiny is immediately made public.
86. Shortly after the scrutiny the voting papers are
burned in the presence of the college, except disputed
ones, which shall be annexed to the proem verbal, and
settled by at least three members of the bureau.
84. Where the college is divided into sections, the scru-
tiny shall take place in each section, the result to be de-
clared by a proces verbal, signed by the members. The
president of each section is to convey the result at. once to
the bureau of the chief section, which shall, in the pre-
sence of the presidents of sections, proceed to the general
examination of the votes of the whole college.
88. The voting papers in which voters have made public
the names shall be void.
100. Public functionaries or Government employes shall
not be admitted to the Chambers in numbers exceeding
one-fourth of the whole number of deputies ; if such pro-
portion be exceeded the Chamber shall decide by lot what
elections shall be declared void. When the number of
employes shall ba completed, now elections of such em-
ployes shall be declared void.

SEIZURE OF A DUTCH GOVERNMENT PILOT
BOAT FOR SMIIGGLINC7.

PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 5.
A little excitement has been caused here to-day by the
capture or seizure of a Dutch pilot-vessel on the charge
of being most extensively engaged in smuggling tobacco
into this country. Dutch and Belgium pilot-boats are in
the habit of coming down Channel to fall in with the va-
rious merchant-ships homeward bound from the Dutch
colonial possessions. These pilot-boatsare the property of
Government, and not of individual pilots as in this
country.
This morning, at about 8 o'clock, a licensed waterman
of this port, named Richard Jurd, was seen with a large
package in his possession in a back street named East=
street. His antecedents, if nothing else, justified suspi-
cions on the part of the Custom-house officers, and Jurd
was seized, when the package was found to contain 3
cwt. of tobacco. Becoming alarmed at being placed in
this position, he said that he bad received the tobacco
from a Dutch pilot boat lying at Spithead. The Cus-
tom-house cutter was at once manned with upwards of
20 officers, and she proceeded out 4 to Spithead, when
Jurd, who was with the officerp, pointed out a fine pilot
boat of 120 tons burden, the No. 3, pilot boat, of Flush-
ing, M'Schott master. Thu Custom-house officers at
once boarded and seized her and took the master and
crew, six in all, into custody. The pilot vessel was un-
suspiciously lying at ancb.or off Ryde Sands, but the
Customs officers soon spread her canvass and brought
her into harbour this , afternoon. We understand that
about 4 cwt. tobacco was found on board the vessel,
and that it is of a similar description to that taken from
Jurd. The captain denies, however, that Jurd had re-
ceived any tobacco fre,m his ship, that he had been
on board, or even ilongside. L. A. Vandenburgh,
Esq., the Dutch vice-consul at this port, has been on
board the pilot versael, and had an interview with the
captain.

REPRESENTATION OF LANARKSEIRE. —Mr. Baillie
Cochrane, of Lanartshire, has started as a candidate for
this county, vacant by the recent demise of Mr. Wm: